tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING
Authors: Walter J. Reich
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Abnormal uterine bleeding is difficult to define. It might be stated that any bleeding that deviates from the usual established physiological cyclic menstrual pattern in an individual person must be considered abnormal; these deviations are mainly those of character, time, frequency, and amount of bleeding. One must remember that spotting is just as important a symptom as frank hemorrhage. It is lamentable to note the number of patients who are slow to seek medical attention when atypical bleeding does occur. In many cases undue waiting has prevented adequate relief and salvage. Advice should be sought at the first sign of abnormal bleeding, and the physician must be on the alert to consider the numerous potential etiological sources, making sure, above all, to rule out causes due to malignancy. Each patient must be individualized and her history carefully evaluated. A thorough general physical and gynecologic examination, including a speculum, vaginal, rectal,
Thyrotropin increases hepatic triglyceride content through upregulation of SREBP-1c activity
Authors: Fang Yan, Qi Wang, Ming Lu, Wenbin Chen, Yongfeng Song, Fei Jing, Youfei Guan, Laicheng Wang, Yanliang Lin, Tao Bo, Jie Zhang, Tingting Wang, Wei Xin, Chunxiao Yu, Qingbo Guan, Xinli Zhou, Ling Gao, Chao Xu, Jiajun Zhao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
BODY FLUID CHANGES DUE TO CONTINUED LOSS OF THE EXTERNAL SECRETION OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: James L. Gamble, Monroe A. McIver
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

From the data given above the following explanation of the effects of continued loss of the external secretion of the pancreas may be offered. The underlying event is a steadily increasing deficit of sodium and of chloride ion due to the large requirement for these electrolytes in the construction of pancreatic juice. In consequence there is continued loss of water, chiefly from the body fluids in which sodium and chloride ion are large factors of total ionic content, viz., interstitial fluids and the blood plasma. During about two-thirds of the survival period the volume and composition of the blood plasma remain approximately normal, the losses of water, sodium, and chloride ion being replaced at the expense of interstitial fluids. Reduction of the volume of these fluids is indicated by loss of body weight beginning directly after establishment of the pancreatic fistula. Ultimately reduction of plasma volume begins and, as it progresses, serious symptoms develop and death occurs unless water, sodium, and chloride ion are abundantly replaced. Owing to the relatively greater loss of sodium than of chloride ion in pancreatic juice, reduction of bicarbonate ion concentration in the plasma tends to occur. The death of the organism may be simply and reasonably explained as the result of progressive impairment of the function of the blood by the physical changes, dehydration and acidosis, produced in the plasma by the continued loss of sodium and of chloride ion in the pancreatic juice.
Joint hypermobility syndrome
Authors: I. Knight, H. A. Bird
Journal: BMJ (2010)

In failing hearts, Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchanger (NCX) overactivity contributes to Ca<sup>2+</sup> depletion, leading to contractile dysfunction. Inhibition of NCX is expected to normalize Ca<sup>2+</sup> mishandling, to limit afterdepolarization-related arrhythmias, and to improve cardiac function in heart failure (HF). SAR340835/SAR296968 is a selective NCX inhibitor for all NCX isoforms across species, including human, with no effect on the native voltage-dependent calcium and sodium currents in vitro. Additionally, it showed in vitro and in vivo antiarrhythmic properties in several models of early and delayed afterdepolarization-related arrhythmias. Its effect on cardiac function was studied under intravenous infusion at 250,750 or 1500 µg/kg per hour in dogs, which were either normal or submitted to chronic ventricular pacing at 240 bpm (HF dogs). HF dogs were infused with the reference inotrope dobutamine (10 µg/kg per minute, i.v.). In normal dogs, NCX inhibitor increased cardiac contractility (dP/dt<sub>max</sub>) and stroke volume (SV) and tended to reduce heart rate (HR). In HF dogs, NCX inhibitor significantly and dose-dependently increased SV from the first dose (+28.5%, +48.8%, and +62% at 250, 750, and 1500 µg/kg per hour, respectively) while significantly increasing dP/dt<sub>max</sub> only at 1500 (+33%). Furthermore, NCX inhibitor significantly restored sympathovagal balance and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) from the first dose and reduced HR at the highest dose. In HF dogs, dobutamine significantly increased dP/dt<sub>max</sub> and SV (+68.8%) but did not change HR, sympathovagal balance, or BRS. Overall, SAR340835, a selective potent NCX inhibitor, displayed a unique therapeutic profile, combining antiarrhythmic properties, capacity to restore systolic function, sympathovagal balance, and BRS in HF dogs. NCX inhibitors may offer new therapeutic options for acute HF treatment. <h3>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</h3> HF is facing growing health and economic burden. Moreover, patients hospitalized for acute heart failure are at high risk of decompensation recurrence, and no current acute decompensated HF therapy definitively improved outcomes. A new potent, Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchanger inhibitor SAR340835 with antiarrhythmic properties improved systolic function of failing hearts without creating hypotension, while reducing heart rate and restoring sympathovagal balance. SAR340835 may offer a unique and attractive pharmacological profile for patients with acute heart failure as compared with current inotrope, such as dobutamine.
Comment on ‘Predicting treatment response in psoriasis using serum levels of adalimumab and etanercept: a single-centre, cohort study’: reply from authors
Authors: S. K. Mahil, C. H. Smith
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Comment on ‘Predicting treatment response in psoriasis using serum levels of adalimumab and etanercept: a single‐centre, cohort study’: reply from authors Get access S. K. Mahil, S. K. Mahil St. John's Institute of Dermatology Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London SE1 9RT U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. H. Smith C. H. Smith St. John's Institute of Dermatology Guys and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London SE1 9RT U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 5, 1 November 2013, Pages 1170–1171, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12511 Published: 01 November 2013
Angiotensin II Induces LOX-1, the Human Endothelial Receptor for Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein
Authors: Henning Morawietz, Uwe Rueckschloss, Bernd Niemann, Nicole Duerrschmidt, Jan Galle, Kavous Hakim, Hans-Reinhard Zerkowski, Tatsuya Sawamura, Juergen Holtz
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Oxidatively modified LDL (oxLDL) plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. OxLDL effects, eg, foam cell formation, are mediated in part by the classic scavenger receptor, whereas other effects may involve the recently cloned endothelial oxLDL receptor, LOX-1 (lectinlike oxLDL receptor-1), which is distinct from macrophage scavenger receptors. Because the regulation of LOX-1 must still be defined, we investigated whether LOX-1 is regulated by the potentially proatherosclerotic stimulant angiotensin II (Ang II). Methods and Results —Using competitive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we quantified mRNA expression of LOX-1 in primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After treatment with Ang II for 3 hours (1 nmol/L to 1 μmol/L), LOX-1 mRNA was concentration-dependently induced (from 6.9±1.4 to 23.1±5.5 relative units [RU] by 1 μmol/L Ang II; P &lt;0.05). The angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor antagonist losartan prevented this induction. Incubation of HUVECs with Ang II (100 nmol/L, 3 hours) induced LOX-1 protein expression (212±21% of control level; P &lt;0.01) and uptake of 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)-labeled oxLDL (209±17% of control level; P &lt;0.05) by an AT 1 -dependent pathway, reaching its maximum after 24 hours (680±89%; P &lt;0.05). In internal mammary artery biopsy samples from patients with or without ACE inhibitor treatment before coronary artery bypass surgery, LOX-1 mRNA was downregulated by ACE inhibition (6.4±2.0 versus 19.3±5.9 RU; n=12 each; P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —We conclude that LOX-1 is regulated by Ang II in vitro and in vivo, that induction of LOX-1 is mediated by the AT 1 receptor, and that repression of LOX-1 by long-term ACE inhibitor treatment may contribute to the antiatherosclerotic potential of this therapy.
Writing and speaking in medicine. How I write a paper.
Authors: A Paton
Journal: BMJ (1976)

About In order to treat To treat At the present moment At present, now Were of the same opinion Agreed Anticipated Expected Be of assistance Help Spectrum (technical term) Range At some future date In the future Commences Begins, starts Black in colour Black Comparatively -omit A considerable proportion Many Demonstrate Develop, have Skin rashes Rashes Due to the fact that Because BLAC Boro-lithium activated charcoal It may be noted that -omit The literature Other workers have reported During the time that While Level Concentration Elevated in excess of Above It is also probable Probably Lower limbs Legs Significantly (technical term) Noticeably, markedly Decreased relative to Lower than Upper limbs Arms Females Women In this situation -omit It seemed to the present writers We thought As already
Increased phospholipase A2 and decreased lysophospholipase activity in the small intestinal mucosa after ischaemia and revascularisation.
Authors: T Otamiri, L Franzen, D Lindmark, C Tagesson
Journal: Gut (1987)

The influence of ischaemia and revascularisation on lipid peroxidation and phospholipid metabolism in the rat small intestinal mucosa was investigated. Two hours of total ischaemia followed by five minutes of revascularisation caused not only accumulation of malondialdehyde in the mucosa, but also increased activity of phospholipase A2, decreased activity of lysophospholipase, and increased ratio between lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine. Pretreatment with the phospholipase A2 inhibitor, quinacrine, prevented the increases in mucosal phospholipase A2 activity and lysophosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylcholine ratio after ischaemia and morphological examinations revealed that the mucosa was then also protected against ischaemic injury. These findings point to the possibility that activation of phospholipase A2 and accumulation of lysophosphoglycerides could be involved in mediating the mucosal injury caused by small intestinal ischaemia.
O1.02 * NEW GRADED PROGNOSTIC INDEX FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA PATIENTS WITH BRAIN METASTASES (RCCBM)
Authors: M. S. Ahluwalia, V. Alva-Venur, P. Elson, G. H. J. Stevens
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis-Specific Graded Prognostic Assessment (DS-GPA) is frequently used for prognosis for RCCBM. We evaluated DS-GPA plus other potential prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in RCCBM patients treated at a single tertiary care institution in a contemporary cohort. METHODS: With IRB approval, the Cleveland Clinic's database was used to identify RCCBM patients treated between 2000 and 2010. OS from the diagnosis of RCCBM was the primary end point. Cox proportional hazards models with stepwise variable selection were used for data analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy eight patients were included for this analysis. Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) was 90-100 in 89 patients (52%), 70-80 in 65 (38%) and <70 in 48 (10%) patients. Estimated median PFS is currently 7.0 months (95% C.I. 5.7-9.9). Median OS for the entire group was 14.1 months (95% C.I. 10.5-16.9). GPA for RCC is derived from KPS and the number of brain metastases present. GPA was prognostic for survival (p = .003); however the separation between the best prognosis groups was not robust and KPS, as defined by the GPA (90-100 vs. 70-80 vs <70) was not significantly associated with overall survival (p = .21). KPS (≥80 vs <80, Hazard ratio (HR)= 1.84 (1.16-2.92)), number of brain metastases (1 vs 2-4 vs ≥5, HR= 1.50 (1.13-1.99)), low hemoglobin (No vs Yes, HR = 1.63 (1.11-2.39)) and primary controlled (Yes vs No, HR= 1.84 (1.20-2.82) ) were independently prognostic for survival (proportional hazards model, stratified by the time period brain metastases were diagnosed, and a stepwise selection algorithm). Applying different coding and weights, points were designated for each prognostic variable and three prognostic groups can be defined: unfavorable (<7 points), intermediate (7 points) and favorable (>7 points) were defined. Median OS was 7.5 months, 14.0 months and 27.2 months respectively (p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: A revised DS-GPA for Renal Cell Carcinoma with brain metastases is proposed.
The Surgical Management of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: M. Prince Brigham
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In this small book, the author reviews his personal experience with some 400 ulcerative colitis patients. He covers the field broadly, from etiology through differential diagnosis, associated extra abdominal features, preoperative complications, surgery, postoperative complications, to results including physiological as well as psychological effects. It is almost a truism to many young people today that specialists, particularly surgeons, are devoid of personal feelings for the patient and the effects of his disease. Nothing in Mr. Walker's case could be further from the truth. The minutiae necessarily associated with conscientious care are well set out and exemplify in the best sense the involvement of the physician with the patient. For the most part, the book is clearly and interestingly written. There is a feeling of personal recounting of experiences. It is, however, somewhat repetitious in certain areas; but perhaps the author felt that there are aspects which bear repeating for emphasis.
Efficacy of mequitazine in comparison with placebo assessed by ocular challenge with allergen in allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: L. Persi, O. Dupin, B. Arnaud, C. Trinquand, F.‐B. Michel, J. Bousquet
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Pharmacologic intervention in the management of allergic conjunctivitis was evaluated with different topical ocular agents in man. Their effect can be precisely assessed with the conjunctival provocation test (CPT). A potent specific H 1 ‐receptor antagonist, 0.05% mequitazine eye‐drops, was tested in a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study using CPT with grass pollen allergens. Twenty healthy subjects allergic to grass pollen were included outside the pollen season after a positive CPT screening. They received one drop of 0.05% mequitazine in one eye and the vehicle in the contralateral eye in a random order, four times daily for 5 days. CPT was performed 15 min after the last instillation, and the threshold dose inducing a positive reaction was determined. Results were given by Abelson's composite score including redness, chemosis, tearing, and itching. Topical 0.05% mequitazine significantly reduced the composite score compared to placebo. The allergen threshold concentration which induced the positive conjunctival reaction was higher in mequitazine pretreated eyes. No side effect was reported. These data clearly suggest that mequitazine has potential to treat allergic conjunctivitis.
Study of plasma and red cell phospholipid fatty acids in extrahepatic cholestatic jaundice.
Authors: M W Scriven, D F Horrobin, M C Puntis
Journal: Gut (1994)

The poor outcome in patients with extrahepatic cholestatic jaundice seems in some way related to reticuloendothelial dysfunction. Similar dysfunction can be caused by abnormal tissue phospholipid fatty acid patterns. Little is, however, known about such patterns in extrahepatic cholestatic jaundice. The phospholipid fatty acid patterns in 42 controls were compared with 42 patients with extrahepatic cholestatic jaundice. Many abnormalities were found. The general pattern was of a fall in polyunsaturated fatty acids and a rise in monounsaturated fatty acids, with a consequent fall in the double bond index (mean number of double bonds per fatty acid) showing an overall rise in saturation. All three major substrates for eicosanoid production were reduced in the jaundiced group. The changes seemed to be associated with jaundice itself, rather than the cause of the jaundice. The central roles of fatty acids in the determination of membrane function and in the provision of substrates of eicosanoid production, mean that these changes may explain some of the reticuloendothelial dysfunction found in extrahepatic cholestatic jaundice.
Are written responses to referrals acceptable?: Telephone call may be better way of communicating
Authors: Jean P Fisher
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Physiotherapy compared with advice for low back painTargeting "physical factors" alone is not evidence based practice Editor-Frost et al's conclusion that "routine physiotherapy" based on physical factors was no more effective than one session of assessment and advice from a physiotherapist in the management of low back pain is not surprising. 1 But the defensive nature of the responses to this research is. 2 3 This defensiveness arises partly from the perceived rivalry between healthcare professions managing low back pain and the attention grabbing headlines used.In recent years the evidence base has highlighted that low back pain is a multifaceted phenomenon incorporating physical impairment, psychological distress, and social interruption.Thus the effective biopsychosocial management of low back pain should reflect its multifaceted nature and not just focus on the "physical factors," as was done by Frost et al.Being an evidence based practitioner should entail identifying and managing patients' risk factors because risk factors are clinical predictors of outcome and efforts to manage them may reduce the burden of low back pain for those who consult physiotherapists.Because of the recurrent nature of low back pain, talk of a "cure" is unrealistic.Thus the Physiotherapy Pain Association emphasises that patients should be taught skills to self manage their low back problem so that in the long term they are less likely to experience pain related disability and depression, thus improving their quality of life.Receiving passive treatments focusing on physical factors, which show only slight short term benefits, is not in the personal or economic interest of patients with low back pain.As is highlighted by the responses to the study by Frost et al, 3 beliefs about treatment preferences for low back pain vary across professions and can be traced to beliefs about the cause of the problem.
Disturbances of Gamma Globulin Synthesis.
Authors: J. Waldenström
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Disturbances of Gamma Globulin Synthesis.J. Waldenström, F.A.C.P. (Hon.)J. Waldenström, F.A.C.P. (Hon.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-695_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA natural subdivision of patients with myeloma is attempted according to the globulin pattern as it is defined immunoelectrophoretically. The group γ1A(β2A) has been studied extensively, and some characteristic cytological features were found in collaboration with Paraskevas and Heremans. The new drug melphalan was tried on 25 patients with myeloma belonging to the different groups. No special sensitivity could be traced in any group, but the general results regarding decrease in pathological globulin and increase in albumin were often excellent. Also, the subjective symptoms were ameliorated. The inhibition of normal gamma globulin formation was studied during treatment. Few side... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. Waldenström, F.A.C.P. (Hon.)Affiliations: Malmö Sweden PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byZur Lebenserwartung unbehandelter und behandelter PlasmozytomkrankerMultiple Myeloma Studies of Mouse Plasma Cell Tumor and Human Myeloma Responsiveness to Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)DONALD R. KORST, M.D., F.A.C.P., EUGENE P. FRENKEL, M.D., JOHN C. NIXON, M.D. 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 695-695KeywordsAlbuminsDrugsGlobulinsMyeloma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Arthur Clifton Guyton
Authors: F. AL-DAOUR
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former chairman Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Mississippi and author of the Textbook of Medical Physiology (b Oxford, Mississippi, 1919; q Harvard 1943), was killed in a car crash in Mississippi on 3 April 2003.​2003.




Figure 1



Credit: UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER




Arthur Guyton was regarded by some as the person who had the greatest impact on medical education of all time. His Textbook of Medical Physiology has been the world's bestselling physiology textbook since it was first published in the 1950s. Until publication of the ninth edition, it was written solely by Guyton. The book is now into its 10th edition. In 1946, as a surgical intern in Boston, Guyton contracted polio, which left his right leg and shoulder paralysed. He was forced to give up his ambition of becoming a neurosurgeon and turn to his other great passion—physiology. Guyton had 10 children, all of whom are doctors. His wife, Ruth Weigle Guyton, died on 10 April 2003 from injuries sustained in the crash that also killed her husband.