tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TCT-768 N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide Ratio Predicts Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Barbara E. Stähli, Catherine Gebhard, Volkmar Falk, Ulf Landmesser, Fabian Nietlispach, Ronald K. Binder
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Effects of prednisolone on angiotensin converting enzyme activity.
Authors: J E Roulston, G I O'Malley, J G Douglas
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Plasma angiotensin converting enzyme was measured in 23 asthmatic subjects before and after administration of prednisolone, 20 mg daily, for seven days. Plasma specimens from seven patients with asthma, seven with sarcoidosis and 14 normal subjects were also assayed before and after the addition of prednisolone in vitro. A plasma free extract of normal lung was also prepared and assayed before and after prednisolone treatment. Mean angiotensin converting enzyme activity was significantly greater in the asthmatic patients (40.3 nmol min-1 ml plasma-1) than in the control population (35.1 nmol min-1 ml plasma-1), though remaining within the 95% reference range. A fall in plasma angiotensin converting enzyme levels was seen after the addition of prednisolone in asthmatics both in vivo and in vitro. Similar in vitro falls were seen in patients with sarcoidosis but not in controls or in normal lung extract. No changes in angiotensin converting enzyme activity were seen after a single dose of 20 mg prednisolone in normal volunteers. Patients with asthma therefore appear to have higher mean angiotensin converting enzyme activities than the normal population and these fall after the addition of prednisolone whether this is added in vivo or in vitro.
Equipment of Hospital Laboratories
Authors: J. P. Lee-Potter
Journal: BMJ (1974)

pital) services, but I beg leave to doubt if the ordinary G.P. should be expected to take on such an additional work load as proper family planning involves without being recompensed financially sufficiently to enable him to reduce the number of patients requiring his ordinary medical attention.I do not for a moment agree, in the present pressure existing in general practice, that he can, or should, simply try to add it on- perhaps the last straw upon the camel's back?-I am, etc.,
Drug famine: possible solutions.
Authors: T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Selecting which data to analyse A rather more subtle problem that can occur in any study is the selection of which data to analyse.Errors may occur when analyses are carried out as a direct result of having seen the data.In a comparison of several groups of subjects it is not valid to select those groups with the highest and lowest values and apply the usual significance test to the means purely on that basis, because the null hypothesis of no difference is inappropriate when the largest difference is being examined.More generally, selection of comparisons to test because they "look interesting" will in the long run result in more than the nominal (say 5%) proportion of falsely positive results.A second form of selection is to analyse only a subset of the subjects on the basis of their results.In a recent study 30 patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria were given a dietary supplement of unprocessed bran.1'Only 22 patients "achieved a reduction in urinary calcium," and only these 22 patients were analysed.No data were provided on the other eight subjects, so we can not tell whether they really were a different group or just one end of a distribution of differing responses to the bran, which seems more likely.This procedure is completely unacceptable without justification-anyone can show significant results by analysing only those subjects with the greatest response.The basic principle is to analyse according to the original hypothesis and experimental design.Other results that look interesting are pointers for further research. SummaryIt is of no value collecting good data if the analysis is in- adequate or invalid.The results obtained may then be worthless, or at best they wiJl fail to realise the true potential of the data.Either way, the value of the whole experiment is diminished to a point where the ethics of the investigation must be called into question.
Active and Passive Bile Acid Absorption in Man. PERFUSION STUDIES OF THE ILEUM AND JEJUNUM
Authors: Einar Krag, Sidney F. Phillips
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Absorption of the major human bile acids was studied in 12 healthy volunteers by steady state perfusion of the ileum in 112 experiments and of the jejunum in 48 experiments. Use of a randomized order of four perfusions on 1 day of study and use of up to 4 consecutive days of study in a subject allowed important comparisons of data from the same individuals. That there is active ileal absorption of chenodeoxycholic, glycochenodeoxycholic, and taurocholic acids in man was supported by the finding of saturation kinetics and of competition for absorption among conjugated bile acids. Values for apparent kinetic constants (apparent maximal transport velocity [*Vmax] and apparent Michaelis constant) in man are similar to those in other species. The ileum absorbed chenodeoxycholic acid more rapidly than its glycine conjugate, due mainly to a ninefold greater permeability for the free acid. Taurocholate had the highest *Vmax and was absorbed more rapidly than glycochenodeoxycholate. Passive permeability of the jejunum to bile acids was twice that of the ileum, and the permeabilities to free and glycine-conjugated chenodeoxycholate were in the same ratio as in the ileum (9: 1). Jejunal permeability to chenodeoxycholic acid was three times that to cholic acid. Variation of intraluminal pH by up to 1.4 units did not influence jejunal uptake of free bile acids. These results, which are comparable with those from animal experiments, provide a basis for estimation of intestinal reabsorption of bile acids in intact man.
Information about diabetogenic effect of statins is inadequate in France
Authors: F. Stambach, P. Nicot, J. Doubovetzky
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The results of Gram stains and cultures from 145 women with uncomplicated ano-genital gonorrhoea are presented. The site which gave the highest yield of gonococci was the cervix. Equally good results were obtained with Stuart9s transport medium and direct plating in the clinic. Positive results from rectal specimens alone were obtained from 8.4% of the 119 women in whom the rectum was examined. In 89 women the results of rectal specimens taken through a proctoscope were compared with those of swabs passed blindly up the anal canal. When Stuart9s transport medium was used swabs taken through a proctoscope gave better results than the swabs taken blindly; the latter gave more positive results when direct plating was used. Thus when Stuart9s medium is used a proctoscope is essential for the collection of rectal samples. Up to three sets of investigations were carried out where necessary, but 95% of the 145 cases were diagnosed on the results of the first set. However, only 54% of those patients diagnosed at their first visit had positive Gram-stain results. Further refinement of culture results is unlikely to improve diagnostic yield; what is needed is better, rapid diagnosis in the clinic.
A limping child
Authors: D. C. Perry, A. R. Harper, C. E. Bruce
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 4 year old boy attended the emergency department with a two week history of “limping.” On further questioning he also had vague left sided pain in the knee and thigh. He was otherwise well, with no constitutional symptoms and no history of injury. On examination he was afebrile. He was reluctant to put weight on the affected leg, hurrying quickly off it when walking. Knee movements were unremarkable, but he had marked restriction of internal rotation and abduction of the left hip. Blood results showed a haemoglobin of 130 g/L (reference range 100-148), white blood cell count of 9×109 cells/L (6.3-16.2), C reactive protein of 5 mg/L (0-8), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 12 mm/h (2-8). Given the duration of symptoms radiography was performed. The findings were thought to be inconclusive (fig 1⇓), so pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed (fig 2⇓).



Fig 1 Plain anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis





Fig 2 T2 weighted coronal magnetic resonance imaging scan of the pelvis





### 1 What is the name for this gait pattern?

#### Short answer

A limp caused by a shortened stance phase in the gait cycle is known as an antalgic gait.

#### Long answer

A limp is an abnormal gait pattern commonly caused by pain, weakness, or deformity. The term is generally used to describe a shortened “stance phase” in the gait cycle, with the person “hurrying” off one leg to offload a …
Pulse Pressure Response to a Standard Exercise Stress
Authors: G. H. HEIDORN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The response of pulse pressure to a standard exercise stress was utilized as the basis for an exercise tolerance test measuring left ventricular efficiency. Clinically normal individuals and asymptomatic individuals who had had a myocardial infarction were studied. Significant differences were noted between these groups. A phenomenon described as a "lag in response" was detected in many subjects with coronary artery disease. This may be a reflection of the delay in oxygen use and in other metabolic activities demonstrated by diseased myocardial tissue after an exercise stress.
T-cell response relative to genotype and ethnicity during antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: David E. Kaplan, Kazushi Sugimoto, Fusao Ikeda, Jason Stadanlick, Mary Valiga, Kirti Shetty, K. Rajender Reddy, Kyong‐Mi Chang
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Viral genotype and host ethnicity are important predictors of viral clearance during antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Based on the role of T cells in natural HCV clearance, we hypothesized that T cells may contribute to the genotypic and ethnic difference in treatment outcome. To test this hypothesis, T-cell response to HCV antigens (core, nonstructural NS3/4 and NS5) and control phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was monitored prospectively and was correlated with virological outcome in 41 patients chronically infected with HCV (27 genotype 1, 14 genotype 2 or 3; 19 black persons, 22 white persons) undergoing combined interferon alfa and ribavirin therapy. Interestingly, in patients with genotype 2 or 3 infection, enhanced virological response coincided with a greater T-cell response to HCV NS3/4 antigen at baseline (50% vs. 15%; P = .026) that augmented further during therapy (29% vs. 4%; P = .035) compared with genotype 1-infected patients. However, HCV-specific T-cell response remained weak in genotype 1-infected patients regardless of virological outcome or ethnicity. Furthermore, virological outcome was associated with a suppressed baseline proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (P < .03) that increased during therapy (P < .003) independent of ethnicity or genotype. In conclusion, HCV-specific T-cell response was associated with HCV genotype but not with therapeutic clearance of HCV infection. The association between treatment outcome and phytohemagglutinin response suggests more global and antigen-nonspecific mechanisms for therapeutic HCV clearance. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:1365–1375.)
Restrictive filling pattern is associated with increased humoral activation and impaired exercise capacity in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Alexander P. Patrianakos, Frangiskos I. Parthenakis, Evangelos A. Papadimitriou, George F. Diakakis, Panagiotis G. Tzerakis, Dragana Nikitovic, Panos E. Vardas
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2004)
Recommendations for prevention of bacterial endocarditis: compliance by dental general practitioners.
Authors: D Sadowsky, C Kunzel
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Telephone interviews were conducted with a national sample of general practice dentists (n = 460). Clinical vignettes were used to test clinicians' knowledge of, and compliance with, the 1984 American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations for prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Analyses of the data document a relatively low level of knowledge of correct indications and regimens for antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent endocarditis. Respondents were unsure, and often incorrect, about the relationship between a variety of cardiac conditions and potential risk for endocarditis. Compliance with the guidelines for proper dosage and timing of antibiotics was also problematic. Those clinicians who had a better understanding of patient risk factors and the principles underlying the AHA recommendations were more likely to follow them, as were practitioners who kept a copy of the recommendations in the office. The findings are significant in view of previous suggestions that use of inappropriate antibiotic regimens may predispose to adverse outcomes.
Primary care at last for Brazil?
Authors: A. Haines, E. Wartchow, A. Stein, E. M. Dourado, J. Pollock, B. Stilwell
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Brazil has one of the most unequal distributions of income in the world.1 Its health system is dominated by hospital care, and around 80% of hospital admissions paid for by public funds are to hospitals in the private sector.2 Because pay is so poor in the public sector many doctors are forced to have two or more appointments to earn a reasonable income. Although the country produces more doctors per capita than many other comparable middle income countries, most are “specialists” with limited training, and few want to work in primary care. Community nurses are also in short supply. There are only two sizeable programmes for training primary care doctors, both based in the southern city of Porto Alegre. These train about 50 doctors a year.

The Ministry of Health in Brasilia recognises the impossibility of developing a national health system without investing in primary care and is creating a family health programme. This programme intended to establish 2500 primary care teams nationwide in the first year.3 It was proposed that nearly half would be in the impoverished north east. Nine …
381 UNDIAGNOSED CHRONIC HEPATITIS B IS PREVALENT IN THE BRITISH-CHINESE COMMUNITY OF THE NORTH EAST (NE) OF ENGLAND
Authors: S. Mcpherson, M. Valappil, S. Moses, G. Eltringham, C. Miller, K. Baxter, B. Brown, A. Chan, M. Hudson, M. Bassendine
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
UNUSUAL BILE DUCT VISUALIZATION BY ROENTGENOGRAMS OF BARIUM MEAL
Authors: EDWIN HABBE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The case we are reporting presents certain features which we have been unable to find reported in the literature.  REPORT OF CASE  W. H., a man, aged 70, was admitted, April 12, 1924, to the R. W. Long Hospital, with the complaint of pain and cramping in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. His health previously had been essentially good except for repeated attacks of stomach trouble during a rather indefinite period of from twenty to twenty-five years. Five years before his admission to the hospital there was an unusually severe attack, accompanied by considerable prostration and requiring bed rest for some days. This was the only attack in which the patient was markedly jaundiced. Milder attacks of pain and cramping in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen persisted up to the time of admission to the hospital. After his admission there was one very mild attack, which
Hurst’s the Heart
Authors: Ruth Falik
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pulmonary Hypertension in Hemophilia
Authors: Sam Schulman, Hans Johnsson, Sven Blomqvist
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1988Pulmonary Hypertension in HemophiliaSam Schulman, Hans Johnsson, Sven BlomqvistSam SchulmanSearch for more papers by this author, Hans JohnssonSearch for more papers by this author, Sven BlomqvistSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-9-759 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Goldsmith and colleagues (1) reported five cases of primary pulmonary hypertension in hemophiliacs infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We report another case, in which clinical improvement occurred.A 50-year-old man with classic hemophilia (factor VIII, <0.01 U/mL) was diagnosed as having pulmonary hypertension in September 1987. He had received treatment with lyophilized factor concentrates of low purity between 1961 and 1977, and concentrates of intermediate purity thereafter. Since 1977, he received regular self-administered prophylaxis (average annual usage, 95 000 units). The patient had severe hemophilic arthropathy. Antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen were present since at...Reference1. GoldsmithBailyBrettler GRD. Primary pulmonary hypertension in patients with classic hemophilia. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:797-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Sam Schulman; Hans Johnsson; Sven BlomqvistAffiliations: Central Hospital Västerås Sweden PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Patient With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 in the Cardiovascular Operative SettingHIV and pulmonary arterial hypertension: a systematic reviewPrimary Pulmonary Hypertension in HIV Patients: A Systematic ReviewHIV-Related Pulmonary HypertensionHuman Immunodeficiency VirusesRole of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Primary Pulmonary HypertensionPrimary pulmonary hypertension associated with human immunodeficiency virus infectionHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Pulmonary Hypertension: Two New Cases and a Review of 86 Reported CasesRespiratory Distress in a Former Drug AbuserAIDS and primary pulmonary hypertensionPrimary pulmonary hypertension and human immunodeficiency virus infection in a non-hemophiliac manEffects of factor VIII concentrates on the immune system in hemophilic patients 1 November 1988Volume 109, Issue 9Page: 759-760KeywordsAntibodiesHIVHemophiliaHemophilia AHepatitis B surface antigenProphylaxisPulmonary hypertension ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
ER Stress Cooperates with Hypernutrition to Trigger TNF-Dependent Spontaneous HCC Development
Authors: Hayato Nakagawa, Atsushi Umemura, Koji Taniguchi, Joan Font-Burgada, Debanjan Dhar, Hisanobu Ogata, Zhenyu Zhong, Mark A. Valasek, Ekihiro Seki, Juan Hidalgo, Kazuhiko Koike, Randal J. Kaufman, Michael Karin
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Sliding-Scale Insulin
Authors: Abbas E. Kitabchi, Ebenezer Nyenwe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Sliding-scale regular insulin (SSI) in the management of patients with diabetes was the standard practice as early as 1934 (1) and was also used in the hyperglycemic emergency diabetic ketoacidosis (2). These earlier studies used urine glucose for sliding scale, but with demonstration of inaccuracy of urine glucose (3), blood glucose replaced urine glucose for sliding scale in diabetic ketoacidosis (4). SSI is widely used in health institutions (5,6) because it is easy and convenient, but it has the disadvantage of not delivering insulin in a physiologic manner, thereby leading to fluctuations in glycemic levels (7–9). Despite these drawbacks, the use of SSI has survived for >70 years, through many generations of physicians. Retrospective (6,9) and prospective (5) cohort studies, as well as observations and commentaries (10), have concluded that SSI should be discouraged because it has not been shown to be an effective means of achieving much-needed optimal glycemic control in hospitalized patients.

However, the issue of SSI has never been settled because of the …
Treatment with the oral antidiabetic agent troglitazone improves beta cell responses to glucose in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.
Authors: M K Cavaghan, D A Ehrmann, M M Byrne, K S Polonsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with defects in both insulin secretion and action and carries a high risk for conversion to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Troglitazone, an insulin sensitizing agent, reduces glucose concentrations in subjects with NIDDM and IGT but is not known to affect insulin secretion. We sought to determine the role of beta cell function in mediating improved glucose tolerance. Obese subjects with IGT received 12 wk of either 400 mg daily of troglitazone (n = 14) or placebo (n = 7) in a randomized, double-blind design. Study measures at baseline and after treatment were glucose and insulin responses to a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, insulin sensitivity index (SI) assessed by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, insulin secretion rates during a graded glucose infusion, and beta cell glucose-sensing ability during an oscillatory glucose infusion. Troglitazone reduced integrated glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose by 10% (P = 0.03) and 39% (P = 0.003), respectively. SI increased from 1.3+/-0.3 to 2.6+/-0.4 x 10(-)5min-1pM-1 (P = 0.005). Average insulin secretion rates adjusted for SI over the glucose interval 5-11 mmol/liter were increased by 52% (P = 0.02), and the ability of the beta cell to entrain to an exogenous oscillatory glucose infusion, as evaluated by analysis of spectral power, was improved by 49% (P = 0.04). No significant changes in these parameters were demonstrated in the placebo group. In addition to increasing insulin sensitivity, we demonstrate that troglitazone improves the reduced beta cell response to glucose characteristic of subjects with IGT. This appears to be an important factor in the observed improvement in glucose tolerance.
Abetalipoproteinemia. New insights into lipoprotein assembly and vitamin E metabolism from a rare genetic disease
Authors: D. J. Rader
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A 30-year-old woman was referred to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) with malabsorption, ataxia, visual impairment, and low serum cholesterol level. As an infant, she had frequent colic and diarrhea, which improved when the amount of fat in her diet was decreased. She continued to have malabsorptive symptoms after ingesting a fatty meal and was diagnosed at 8 years of age as having celiac disease. A gluten-free diet did not, however, improve her symptoms. During her late teens and twenties, she experienced slowly progressive difficulty maintaining her balance, numbness in her legs below the knee, and difficulty in seeing at night with worsening color vision. At age 28 years she had a small-intestine biopsy; the findings were not consistent with celiac disease but rather revealed lipid-engorged enterocytes. Her family history was remarkable in that her parents were fourth cousins and her three younger sisters had similar, though