tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A shorter time to the first treatment may be predicted by the absolute number of regulatory T‐cells in patients with Rai stage 0 chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Giovanni D'Arena, Fiorella D'Auria, Vittorio Simeon, Luca Laurenti, Silvia Deaglio, Giovanna Mansueto, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Teodora Statuto, Giuseppe Pietrantuono, Roberto Guariglia, Idanna Innocenti, Maria Carmen Martorelli, Oreste Villani, Vincenzo De Feo, Giovanni Del Poeta, Pellegrino Musto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are increased in chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL) and correlates with clinical and biological features of active/progressive disease. However, little is known about their ability to predict the time to first treatment (TFT). We evaluated 75 patients with Rai stage 0 CLL, in whom the absolute number of Tregs was determined at diagnosis, and correlated to main clinical and biological features, as well as to the need of receiving any specific therapy during the course of the disease. After a median follow-up of 30 months, 12 patients(16%) required therapy at some time from the diagnosis. Treated patients showed a significant higher number of peripheral white blood cells and B-lymphocytes, platelet count, cases with unmutated immunoglobulin heavy chain status, and high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities,as well as lower hemoglobin values, than patients who did not need therapy. A greater number of circulating Tregs was detected in treated patients (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the absolute number of Tregs was an independent predictor of TFT in these patients, the best predictive cut-off being 41/mL. These data show that the absolute Tregs cell number is able to identify Rai stage 0 CLL patients at higher risk of requiring therapy.
Poisoning by oil of wintergreen.
Authors: R. R. Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1968)

themselves to logical interpretation.Rather they perpetuate the need for empirical rules in interpretation.The electrocardiogram is recorded in two planes, the frontal and transverse.The frontal plane includes the six limb leads.There is disagreement about precise reference of these leads to the heart.Earlier hexaxial reference systems were based on an absolute acceptance of Einthoven's theories.It is now thought that these theories may not be accu- rate, and a corrected reference system has been introduced.! Whatever the theoretical considerations, in practice these six limb leads may be represented as viewing the heart from a series of approximate positions in the frontal plane.Uhley and Rosenblum' consider that it would be logical to display the limb leads in the order aVR, aVL, I, II, aVF, III.The chest leads describe an arc in the transverse plane.The two planes coincide in the area of V6, so that V. could also be included with the frontal plane leads.V. is usually intermediate in pattern between leads I and II, as would be expected from their points of reference.Thus the two planes may be combined in displaying the electro- cardiogram (see Fig.).When mounted in this way there is a gradual change of pattern from aVR, through aVL,, I, V6, II, aVF, to III, and similarly from VI-6.The electrical axis can be read at a glance.Ischaemic changes will be grouped together, so that, for example, a lateral infarction would give rise to abnormal tracings in leads mounted along the right-hand side of the paper.This presentation may simplify interpreta-
Multiple Stenting of Refractory Pancreatic Duct Strictures in Severe Chronic Pancreatitis: Long-term Results
Authors: G. Costamagna, M. Bulajic, A. Tringali, M. Pandolfi, A. Gabbrielli, C. Spada, L. Petruzziello, P. Familiari, M. Mutignani
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Dominant pancreatic duct strictures located in the head of the pancreas in patients with severe chronic pancreatitis are often managed by endoscopic placement of a single plastic stent. Patients with refractory strictures after prolonged stenting require repeated stent replacement or surgical pancreaticojejunostomy. Placement of multiple plastic stents has proved effective in managing postoperative biliary strictures. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility, efficacy, and long-term results of multiple stenting of refractory pancreatic strictures in severe chronic pancreatitis.19 patients with severe chronic pancreatitis (16 men, three women; mean age 45 years) and with a single pancreatic stent through a refractory dominant stricture in the pancreatic head underwent the following protocol: (i) removal of the single pancreatic stent; (ii) balloon dilation of the stricture; (iii) insertion of the maximum number of stents allowed by the stricture tightness and the pancreatic duct diameter; and (iv) removal of stents after 6 to 12 months.The median number of stents placed through the major or minor papilla was 3, with diameters ranging from 8.5 to 11.5 Fr and length from 4 to 7 cm. Only one patient (5.5 %) had persistent stricture after multiple stenting. During a mean follow-up of 38 months after removal, 84 % of patients were asymptomatic, and 10.5 % had symptomatic stricture recurrence. No major complications were recorded.Endoscopic multiple stenting of dominant pancreatic duct strictures in chronic pancreatitis is a feasible and safe technique. Multiple pancreatic stenting is promising in obtaining persistent stricture dilation on long-term follow-up in the setting of severe chronic pancreatitis.
Evening primrose oil in rheumatoid arthritis: changes in serum lipids and fatty acids.
Authors: J Jantti, T Nikkari, T Solakivi, H Vapaatalo, H Isomaki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

The serum concentration of lipids and composition of fatty acids after overnight fasting were studied in 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated for 12 weeks with either 20 ml of evening primrose oil containing 9% of gamma-linolenic acid or olive oil. The serum concentrations of oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and apolipoprotein B decreased and those of linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid increased during treatment with evening primrose oil. During olive oil treatment the serum concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid decreased and those of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I increased slightly. The decrease in serum eicosapentaenoic acid and the increase in arachidonic acid concentrations induced by evening primrose oil may not be favourable effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the light of the roles of these fatty acids as precursors of eicosanoids.
AN EPIDEMIC OF THE "FOURTH DISEASE."
Authors: P. C. CURTIS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Round Lake, lying about midway between Troy and Saratoga, has a winter population of about four hundred, and of these about half had the disease which I am about to describe. Before this epidemic I had never heard of the so-called "Fourth Disease," but there was something in this so entirely different from anything I had previously seen, that very early I came to the conclusion that it was something new and I now believe that it was the so-called "Fourth Disease" described first by Dr. Dukes in 1900, and by Dr. Simpson in the<i>Archives of Pediatrics</i>for September, 1901. March 11, 1901, I was called to the family of Mr. M. L., as their three children were all taken slightly ill at about the same time, with temperatures of about 99, pulse 86 to 100. The throat showed what looked like a follicular tonsillitis. The glands of the
THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPOEIA XI:
Authors: VIRGIL E. SIMPSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1934)

Article1 November 1934THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPOEIA XI:ITS RELATION TO INTERNAL MEDICINE AND THE SCIENTIFIC NATURE OF ITS REVISION*VIRGIL E. SIMPSON, A.B., M.D., F.A.C.P.VIRGIL E. SIMPSON, A.B., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-8-5-632 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSCOPEWhat Should the Pharmacopoeia Contain?One of the functions of the Revision Committee is to admit into the Pharmacopoeia a carefully selected list of medicinal substances of known origin, possessing therapeutic usefulness. This object differs in no essential detail from that enjoined on the Revision Committee of the first edition published 114 years ago, which stated that the object was "to select from among substances which possess a medicinal power, those, the utility of which is most fully established and best understood." In each edition from that first one to the one now undergoing revision the principle of a... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Louisville, Kentucky*Read at the Chicago meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 20, 1934. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1934Volume 8, Issue 5Page: 632-647 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1934 PDF downloadLoading ...
Bypass Shunt — A Useful Adjunct to the Twin-Coil Artificial Kidney
Authors: H. Yamauchi, W. H. Tu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE artificial kidney developed by Kolff and Watschinger,1 consisting of a disposable, sterile twin-coil dialyzer unit and cellophane circuit tubing, has proved efficient and relatively safe. Hemodialysis by this means, however, is not entirely free of problems. On occasion, incidents requiring attention to the patient or the equipment may necessitate interruption of dialysis. Such delays can often be avoided or minimized by the use of a bypass shunt between the arterial-inflow and venous-outflow lines of the artificial kidney (Fig. 1). By means of the shunt the extracorporeal circulation can be continued, bypassing the patient, or the patient's circulation can be . . .
Amenorrhea After Medroxyprogesterone
Authors: Emmet J. Lamb
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article, "Irregular Menses, Amenorrhea, and Infertility Following Synthetic Progestational Agents," by Whitelaw, Nola, and Kalman (<b>195</b>:780, 1966) was of particular interest because of the report of seven patients with amenorrhea given medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) intramuscularly. Of 15 patients with amenorrhea following the use of progestational agents, seven had received this drug. Since it is prescribed much less frequently than the oral progestational agents which the other patients in the report had received, the incidence of amenorrhea following the use of medroxyprogesterone would appear to be higher than that following the use of other progestational agents. Amenorrhea following the intramuscular administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate accounts for a considerable fraction of the patients with amenorrhea seen recently in our infertility clinic. Of 145 patients with amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea seen at the Stanford Clinic between January 1963 and August 1965, amenorrhea had developed in six following injections of
Induction of the autoantigen proliferating cell nuclear antigen in T lymphocytes by a mycobacterial antigen.
Authors: H M Haftel, Y Chang, R Hinderer, S M Hanash, J Holoshitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Mycobacteria have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. To determine the potential effect of mycobacterial antigens on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we analyzed PBMC incubated with the acetone-precipitable fraction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (APMT) for changes in cellular protein expression. Two-dimensional gel analysis showed induction of a 36-kD polypeptide identified as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a known autoantigen, after incubation with AP-MT. PCNA plays a role in cell proliferation and is expressed as a late growth regulated factor. However, its synthesis in response to AP-MT was induced as an early event. The early induction of PCNA was regulated at a posttranscriptional level and was restricted to T cells. Treatment of PBMC with known T cell mitogens, namely PHA, anti-CD3 antibodies, and staphylococcal superantigens failed to induce an early PCNA increase. The distinct characteristics of the AP-MT effect on PCNA expression suggest a separate mechanism of induction in response to AP-MT, compared with the late increase observed in response to mitogens. The induction of PCNA in response to mycobacterial antigens may represent a pathogenically relevant mechanism in autoimmunity.
Arterial Imaging Outcomes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Recently Menopausal Women
Authors: S. Mitchell Harman, Dennis M. Black, Frederick Naftolin, Eliot A. Brinton, Matthew J. Budoff, Marcelle I. Cedars, Paul N. Hopkins, Rogerio A. Lobo, JoAnn E. Manson, George R. Merriam, Virginia M. Miller, Genevieve Neal-Perry, Nanette Santoro, Hugh S. Taylor, Eric Vittinghoff, Mingzhu Yan, Howard N. Hodis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Whether menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) protects against cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear.To assess atherosclerosis progression and CVD risk factors after MHT initiated in early menopause.Randomized, controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00154180).Nine U.S. academic centers.Healthy menopausal women aged 42 to 58 years between 6 and 36 months from last menses without prior CVD events who had a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score less than 50 Agatston units and had not received estrogen or lipid-lowering therapy for at least 90 days.Oral conjugated equine estrogens (o-CEE), 0.45 mg/d, or transdermal 17β-estradiol (t-E2), 50 mcg/d, each with 200 mg of oral progesterone for 12 days per month, or placebo for 48 months.Primary end point was annual change in carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). Secondary end points included changes in markers of CVD risk.Of 727 randomly assigned women, 89.3% had at least 1 follow-up CIMT and 79.8% had CIMT at 48 months. Mean CIMT increases of 0.007 mm/y were similar across groups. The percentages of participants in whom CAC score increased did not differ significantly across groups. No changes in blood pressure were observed with o-CEE or t-E2. Low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels improved and levels of C-reactive protein and sex hormone-binding globulin but not interleukin-6 increased with o-CEE. Insulin resistance decreased with t-E2. Serious adverse events did not differ by treatment.Power to compare clinical events was insufficient.Four years of early MHT did not affect progression of atherosclerosis despite improving some markers of CVD risk.Aurora Foundation.
The upper respiratory tract: mucous membrane irritation.
Authors: R Bascom
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Despite the widespread recognition that mucosal irritation is a cardinal feature of "sick-building syndrome," few data exist on the cause, natural history, or pathophysiology of upper respiratory mucous membrane irritation. The baseline prevalence of nasal symptoms among building occupants is often 20%, but in some studies it is as high as 50 to 60%. New techniques of nasal challenge and analysis of cells and mediators in nasal lavage fluid have proved useful in the assessment of rhinitis caused by antigens, cold air, and viruses, and these techniques are now being applied to the study the response to irritants. Human inhalation challenge studies have recently demonstrated a spectrum of sensitivity to environmental tobacco smoke, but the basis for this difference requires additional investigation. Animal and in vitro studies indicate that the chemosensitive neurons and airway epithelium may be critical targets for irritants that participate in the induction of inflammation. New research methods are needed, particularly to evaluate complaints of nasal congestion, drying, and irritation. Techniques should be developed that may be useful for field studies, where the health effects of a complex mixture are being assessed in a specific indoor environment. There exists a group of individuals who report a variety of symptoms on exposure to low levels of common volatile organic mixtures such as perfume, cigarette smoke, and cleaning agents. Some of these individuals report having occupied "sick buildings" during the time their symptoms began. Research is needed to understand the basis of their complaints, their etiology, and treatment.
US government admits exaggerating number of stem cell lines available
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Bush administration conceded that only about 25 embryonic stem cell lines are fully developed, a sharp change from its earlier assertion that more than 60 such lines are available worldwide for federally funded research and ready for use.

The concession came during testimony delivered by the secretary of health and human services, Tommy Thompson, before a congressional committee this week. In particular, Mr Thompson backed off earlier pronouncements that all 64 groups of cells were “robust, viable” embryonic stem cell lines.

Instead, he said that the administration had identified “64 derivations” of which “24 or 25” are fully developed into usable cell lines. …
Weight gain and the sleeping electroencephalogram: study of 10 patients with anorexia nervosa.
Authors: J H Lacey, A H Crisp, R S Kalucy, M K Hartmann, C N Chien
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The relation between reduced nutritional intake, with consequent weight loss, and sleep disturbance was studied by comparing certain sleep encephalogram patterns in a group of inpatients with anorexia nervosa before, during, and after a regimen of refeeding with a normal diet to a matched population mean weight. At low body weights patients had less sleep and more restlessness, especially in the last four hours of the night. During refeeding and weight gain slow-wave sleep initially increased and then tended to decrease during the final stage of restoration of weight back to matched population mean levels. With the overall weight gain, however, there was a significant increase in length of sleep and rapid eye movement sleep, the latter increasing especially during the later stages of weight gain. These results reaffirm that insomnia, and especially early morning waking, is associated with low body weight in anorexia nervosa, and their implications are discussed with particular reference to a hypothetical association between various anabolic profiles and the need for differing components of sleep.
Genetic abnormalities and survival in multiple myeloma: the experience of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome
Authors: Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Michel Attal, Philippe Moreau, Catherine Charbonnel, Frédéric Garban, Cyrille Hulin, Serge Leyvraz, Mauricette Michallet, Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha, Laurent Garderet, Gérald Marit, Lucienne Michaux, Laurent Voillat, Marc Renaud, Bernard Grosbois, Gaelle Guillerm, Lotfi Benboubker, Mathieu Monconduit, Catherine Thieblemont, Philippe Casassus, Denis Caillot, Anne-Marie Stoppa, Jean-Jacques Sotto, Marc Wetterwald, Charles Dumontet, Jean-Gabriel Fuzibet, Isabelle Azais, Véronique Dorvaux, Marc Zandecki, Régis Bataille, Stéphane Minvielle, Jean-Luc Harousseau, Thierry Facon, Claire Mathiot
Journal: Blood (2007)
Prospective study of quality of life before and after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Authors: N Caine, S C Harrison, L D Sharples, J Wallwork
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Measurement of changes in patients' perceptions of how differing states of health affect their lives and determination of the ability of preoperative variables to predict outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting.Prospective study with completion of questionnaires before coronary artery bypass grafting and at three months, one year, and five years afterwards.Regional cardiothoracic centre.100 Male patients all aged below 60 at the time of operation, who were patients of two cardiothoracic surgeons.Patients' assessment of their health state in terms of functional capacity and aspects of distress, according to the Nottingham health profile and outcome of operation in terms of changes in symptoms, working life, and daily activities determined by self completed study questionnaires before operation and at three and six months afterwards.Intermediate one year results are reported. The differences between the Nottingham health profile scores before operation and at three months afterwards were significantly different (p less than 0.01), indicating an appreciable improvement in general health state, and at one year compared favourably with those from a normal male population. Analysis of responses to the study questionnaire showed that 65 of 89 patients (73%) were working at one year after operation with a further seven (8%) maintaining that they were fit to work but unable to find employment. The proportion of patients complaining of chest pain fell from 90% (88/98) before grafting to 19% (17/89) at one year after coronary artery bypass grafting, when 91% (81/89) patients maintained that their condition was either completely better or definitely improved. The significant positive factors affecting return to work and home activities were working before operation, short wait for operation, absence of breathlessness, and low physical mobility score in the Nottingham health profile (all p less than 0.001).Improvements were evident in general health state, symptoms, and activity at three months and one year after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Interventions likely to influence outcomes included reduction in waiting times for operation; rehabilitation initiatives; and more attention to the quality of information given to patients, their relatives, and the community.
Testicular toxicity produced by ethylene glycol monomethyl and monoethyl ethers in the rat.
Authors: P M Foster, D M Creasy, J R Foster, T J Gray
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) were administered orally to young male rats at doses varying from 50 to 500 mg/kg/day and 250 to 1000 mg/kg/day for EGME and EGEE, respectively, for 11 days. At sequential times animals were killed and testicular histology examined. The initial and major site of damage following EGME treatment was restricted to the primary spermatocytes undergoing postzygotene meiotic maturation and division. EGEE produced damage of an identical nature, but a larger dose was required to elicit equivalent severity (500 mg EGEE/kg being approximately equivalent to 100 mg EGME/kg). Additionally, within the spermatocyte population, differential sensitivity was observed depending on the precise stage of meiotic maturation: dividing (stage XIV) and early pachytene (stages I-II) greater than late pachytene (stages VIII-XIII) greater than mid-pachytene (stages III-VII). Equivalent doses of methoxyacetic acid (MAA) and ethoxyacetic acid (EAA) gave injury similar to the corresponding glycol ether. When animals were pretreated with inhibitors of alcohol metabolism followed by a testicular toxic dose of EGME (500 mg/kg), an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase (pyrazole) offered complete protection. Pretreatment with the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors disulfiram or pargyline did not ameliorate the testicular toxicity of EGME. In mixed cultures of Sertoli-germ cells, MAA and not EGME produced effects on spermatocytes analogous to that seen in vivo, at concentrations approximately equivalent to steady-state plasma levels after a single oral dose of EGME (500 mg/kg). It would seem likely that a metabolite (MAA or possibly methoxyacetaldehyde) and not EGME is responsible for the production of testicular damage.