tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Importance of Intimal Thickness as Measured by Intracoronary Ultrasound After Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Peter R. Rickenbacher, Fausto J. Pinto, Neil P. Lewis, Sharon A. Hunt, Edwin L. Alderman, John S. Schroeder, Edward B. Stinson, Byron W. Brown, Hannah A. Valantine
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Although intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS) has been validated for the early detection of transplant coronary artery disease (TxCAD), the prognostic importance of findings detected by this new imaging technique is unknown.This study examined the relation of clinical outcome in 145 heart transplant recipients (mean age, 45.1 +/- 11.1 years) with the amount of intimal thickness measured by ICUS during routine annual coronary angiography 1 to 10 years (mean, 3.1 +/- 2.2 years) after transplantation. From published autopsy data, a mean intimal thickness of > 0.3 mm was considered significant. During a mean follow-up time of 48.2 +/- 10.2 months, 23 deaths (12 cardiac) occurred, and 6 patients required retransplantation. Angiographic TxCAD developed in 22 of 125 patients (17.6%) in the subgroup with normal angiograms at the time of ICUS and a follow-up annual angiographic study. In the total population and the subgroup, mean intimal thicknesses of > 0.3 and < or = 0.3 mm, respectively, were associated with significantly inferior 4-year actuarial overall survival (73% versus 96%, P = .005; 72% versus 92%, P = .05), cardiac survival (79% versus 96%, P = .005; 80% versus 98%, P = .04), and freedom from cardiac death and retransplantation (74% versus 98%, P < .0001; 70% versus 96%, P = .001). In addition, ICUS predicted freedom from development of subsequent angiographic TxCAD in the subgroup that was initially normal (26% versus 72%, P = .02). A mean intimal thickness by ICUS of > 0.3 mm was associated with inferior clinical outcome regardless of the presence of angiographic TxCAD and predicted the development of subsequent angiographic TxCAD. Despite significantly longer duration after transplantation, higher rejection incidence, and lower average daily cyclosporine dose, none of these covariates were independent risk factors for outcome.These findings confirm the prognostic importance of mean intimal thickening of > 0.3 mm in heart transplant recipients and suggest that these patients should be candidates for early interventional strategies.
Effective and selective targeting of leukemia cells using a TORC1/2 kinase inhibitor
Authors: Matthew R Janes, Jose J Limon, Lomon So, Jing Chen, Raymond J Lim, Melissa A Chavez, Collin Vu, Michael B Lilly, Sharmila Mallya, S Tiong Ong, Marina Konopleva, Michael B Martin, Pingda Ren, Yi Liu, Christian Rommel, David A Fruman
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Pancoast's syndrome associated with invasive aspergillosis.
Authors: F G Simpson, M Morgan, N J Cooke
Journal: Thorax (1986)

The combination of lower brachial plexus root pain in the shoulder and arm and of ipsilateral Horner's syndrome was described by Pancoast in 1932 and is usually caused by a malignant tumour at the apex of the lung. We describe a case in which the syndrome occurred in an immunosuppressed patient and was due to invasive fungal infection.
Overdrive atrial pacing does not improve obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Authors: J-L. Pépin, P. Defaye, S. Garrigue, Y. Poezevara, P. Lévy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of overdrive atrial pacing to reduce sleep apnoea severity. A total of 17 unselected patients (12 males; mean± sd age 71±10 yrs; body mass index 27±3 kg·m −2 ) who had received permanent atrial-synchronous ventricular pacemakers for symptomatic bradyarrhythmias and not known to have central or obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) were studied. Using a crossover study design, patients were or were not in pacing mode with atrial overdrive (15 beats·min −1 faster than mean baseline nocturnal cardiac frequency) for 1 month. Patients were paced only during sleep periods, identified by a specific algorithm included in the pacemaker. Patients underwent three overnight polysomnographic evaluations 1 month apart. The first was performed for baseline evaluation. The patients were then randomly assigned to either 1 night in spontaneous rhythm or to 1 night in pacing mode with atrial overdrive. Two patients refused to continue the study after the first polysomnographic evaluation. OSAS was highly prevalent in this population: 10 of the 15 (67%) patients exhibited an apnoea–hypopnoea index of &gt;30 events·h −1 . The nocturnal spontaneous rhythm was 59±7 beats·min −1 at baseline, compared to 75±10 beats·min −1 with atrial overdrive pacing. The apnoea–hypopnoea index was 46±29 events·h −1 in spontaneous rhythm, compared to 50±24 events·h −1 with atrial overdrive pacing. Overdrive pacing changed none of the respiratory indices, or sleep fragmentation or sleep structure parameters. In conclusion, atrial overdrive pacing has no significant effect on obstructive sleep apnoea.
Substrate specificity of tonin from rat submaxillary gland.
Authors: P W Schiller, S Demassieux, R Boucher
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The substrate specificity of tonin from rat submaxillary gland was examined with a series of synthetic peptides encompassing the C-terminus of the decapeptide substrate angiotensin I. In contrast to angiotensin I-converting enzyme from plasma or lung, only angiotensin I, (des-Asp1)-angiotensin I, and (des-Asp1, des-Arg2)-angiotensin I are substrates of tonin with Km values of 34.5 muM, 39.3 muM, and 54.4 muM, respectively, while the shorter C-terminal peptides are not hydrolyzed. Thus, the N-terminal sequence extending from position 1 to 3 is the enzymatic binding site for tonin. Turnover numbers of 33.4 sec-1, 42.8 sec-1, and 6.5 sec-1 are observed for the hydrolysis of angiotensin I, (des-Asp1)-angiotensin I, and (des-Asp1, des-Arg2)-angiotensin I, respectively. The relative percentage rates of hydrolysis (proportional to V/Km) at low substrate concentrations ([S] less than less than Km) are almost identical for (des-Asp1)-angiotensin I, angiotensin I, and the tetradecapeptide substrate, indicating that these three peptides are equally good substrates at low physiological concentrations. The observed high specificity of the enzyme lends support to the possible important role of tonin for local conversion in tissue. The conversion of (des-Asp1)-angiotensin I to (des-Asp1)-angiotensin II (angiotensin III) is of particular interest in relation to the recently suggested, potential role of the latter peptide in aldosterone release.
Ready, Set, Go … Stop: Lessons Learned From Cancer Prevention Trials
Authors: Peggy Eastman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Clinical studies in cancer prevention will yield better results if researchers put in the planning time to avoid some of their inherent pitfalls, according to speakers at a symposium held at the 22nd annual • meeting of the American Society of Preventive Oncology in Bethesda, Md.The symposium, aptly titled "Ready, Set, Cb ... Stop," covered issues relating to informed consent, problems raised by patients' different coping styles, minority recruitment, and what happens when a clinical trial must be stopped.True informed consent helps ensure patient compliance and trust, but "informed consent in oncology has been less than ideal," said
Global epidemiology of sickle haemoglobin in neonates: a contemporary geostatistical model-based map and population estimates
Authors: Frédéric B Piel, Anand P Patil, Rosalind E Howes, Oscar A Nyangiri, Peter W Gething, Mewahyu Dewi, William H Temperley, Thomas N Williams, David J Weatherall, Simon I Hay
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Promoter Hypermethylation Contributes to Frequent Inactivation of a Putative Conditional Tumor Suppressor Gene <i>Connective Tissue Growth Factor</i> in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ryoko Kikuchi, Hitoshi Tsuda, Yae Kanai, Takahiro Kasamatsu, Kazuo Sengoku, Setsuo Hirohashi, Johji Inazawa, Issei Imoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a secreted protein belonging to the CCN family, members of which are implicated in various biological processes. We identified a homozygous loss of CTGF (6q23.2) in the course of screening a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines for genomic copy number aberrations using in-house array-based comparative genomic hybridization. CTGF mRNA expression was observed in normal ovarian tissue and immortalized ovarian epithelial cells but was reduced in many ovarian cancer cell lines without its homozygous deletion (12 of 23 lines) and restored after treatment with 5-aza 2′-deoxycytidine. The methylation status around the CTGF CpG island correlated inversely with the expression, and a putative target region for methylation showed promoter activity. CTGF methylation was frequently observed in primary ovarian cancer tissues (39 of 66, 59%) and inversely correlated with CTGF mRNA expression. In an immunohistochemical analysis of primary ovarian cancers, CTGF protein expression was frequently reduced (84 of 103 cases, 82%). Ovarian cancer tended to lack CTGF expression more frequently in the earlier stages (stages I and II) than the advanced stages (stages III and IV). CTGF protein was also differentially expressed among histologic subtypes. Exogenous restoration of CTGF expression or treatment with recombinant CTGF inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer cells lacking its expression, whereas knockdown of endogenous CTGF accelerated growth of ovarian cancer cells with expression of this gene. These results suggest that epigenetic silencing by hypermethylation of the CTGF promoter leads to a loss of CTGF function, which may be a factor in the carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer in a stage-dependent and/or histologic subtype-dependent manner. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7095–105]
Pemetrexed Combined with Oxaliplatin or Carboplatin as First-Line Treatment in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter, Randomized, Phase II Trial
Authors: Giorgio V. Scagliotti, Cornelius Kortsik, Graham G. Dark, Allan Price, Christian Manegold, Rafael Rosell, Mary O'Brien, Patrick M. Peterson, Daniel Castellano, Giovanni Selvaggi, Silvia Novello, Johannes Blatter, Louis Kayitalire, Lucio Crino, Luis Paz-Ares
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

To determine efficacy and toxicity of two pemetrexed-based regimens in chemonaive patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.Patients were randomly assigned to receive pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) plus oxaliplatin 120 mg/m(2) (PemOx) or pemetrexed plus carboplatin AUC6 (PemCb). All drugs were given on day 1 of a 21-day cycle for up to six cycles. Folic acid and vitamin B(12) were given to all patients to minimize pemetrexed-related toxicities.Forty-one patients received PemOx and 39 received PemCb. Objective tumor response rates were 26.8% for PemOx patients (95% confidence interval, 14.2-42.9) and 31.6% for PemCb patients (95% confidence interval, 17.5-48.7). Median time to progression was 5.5 and 5.7 months, respectively, for PemOx and PemCb. Median overall survival times were 10.5 months for both treatment groups (range, <1 to >20 months). The 1-year survival rate was 49.9% for PemOx patients and 43.9% for PemCb patients. Common toxicity criteria grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicities among PemOx patients were grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (7.3%), grade 3 thrombocytopenia (2.4%), and grade 3 anemia (2.4%). PemCb patients experienced grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (25.6%), grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia (17.9%), and grade 3 anemia (7.7%). Grade 3 vomiting occurred in three PemOx patients and grade 3 fatigue occurred in three PemCb patients. One grade 3 neurosensory toxicity occurred in the PemOx group. Three patients (PemOx 1 and PemCb 2) experienced febrile neutropenia.Efficacy measures for both regimens seem similar to the most effective chemotherapies for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (platinum combinations) with less hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity. Comparing either of these two regimens to platinum-based therapies in a large randomized trial is warranted.
Manualized Supportive-Expressive Psychotherapy Versus Nonmanualized Community-Delivered Psychodynamic Therapy for Patients With Personality Disorders: Bridging Efficacy and Effectiveness
Authors: Bo Vinnars, Jacques P. Barber, Kristina Norén, Robert Gallop, Robert M. Weinryb
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

Time-limited manualized dynamic psychotherapy was compared with community-delivered psychodynamic therapy for outpatients with personality disorders.In a stratified randomized clinical trial, 156 patients with any personality disorder diagnosis were randomly assigned either to 40 sessions of supportive-expressive psychotherapy (N=80) or to community-delivered psychodynamic therapy (N=76). Assessments were made at intake and 1 and 2 years after intake. Patients were recruited consecutively from two community mental health centers (CMHCs), assessed with the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders, and included if they had a diagnosis of any DSM-IV personality disorder. The outcome measures included the presence of a personality disorder diagnosis, personality disorder severity index, level of psychiatric symptoms (SCL-90), Global Assessment of Functioning Scale score, and number of therapy sessions. General mixed-model analysis of variance was used to assess group and time effects.In both treatment conditions, the global level of functioning improved while there were decreases in the prevalence of patients fulfilling criteria for a personality disorder diagnosis, personality disorder severity, and psychiatric symptoms. There was no difference in effect between treatments. During the follow-up period, patients who received supportive-expressive psychotherapy made significantly fewer visits to the CMHCs than the patients who received community-delivered psychodynamic therapy.Manualized supportive-expressive psychotherapy was as effective as nonmanualized community-delivered psychodynamic therapy conducted by experienced dynamic clinicians.
nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: Long-Term Survival From a Phase III Trial
Authors: David Goldstein, Robert Hassan El-Maraghi, Pascal Hammel, Volker Heinemann, Volker Kunzmann, Javier Sastre, Werner Scheithauer, Salvatore Siena, Josep Tabernero, Luis Teixeira, Giampaolo Tortora, Jean-Luc Van Laethem, Rosemary Young, Darryl Neil Penenberg, Brian Lu, Alfredo Romano, Daniel D Von Hoff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Background:Positive findings from the phase III MPACT trial led to the regulatory approval of nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine as a treatment option for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. This report is an update of overall survival (OS) based on longer follow-up.
Picture of a Lithotomy
Authors: D. O'Neill
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The bass viol (also known as the viola da gamba) is a supremely expressive but delicate musical instrument. It has been described as the closest an instrument can come to the human voice but was eclipsed by the more robust cello for several centuries. However, a renaissance over the past four decades has allowed us to enjoy again this subtle and emotionally direct instrument. Marin Marais (1656-1728) was one of the greatest of composers and performers of the viola da gamba, and his music gained a wider audience with the 1991 film Tous les Matins du Monde . Although little is known of Marais’s personal life, through his work we glimpse a wonderfully flexible and humorous musical personality. For example, La …
Aspirin inhibits development of coronary atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) fed an atherogenic diet.
Authors: R Pick, J Chediak, G Glick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The effect of aspirin in the primary prevention of diet-induced atherogenesis in cynomolgus monkeys was studied. The diet consisted of 2% cholesterol and 10% butter by weight for 24 wk. Six monkeys received only the atherogenic diet and five monkeys received the diet plus aspirin, 81 mg/monkey per day. Aspirin did not affect plasma cholesterol levels or aortic atherosclerosis. Platelet aggregation to arachidonic acid was almost completely suppressed. Aspirin decreased significantly the number of coronary vessels with atherosclerotic involvement, and the number of coronary vessels narrowed by 20% or more. Thus, aspirin appears to exert a protective effect in the primary prevention of diet-induced coronary atherosclerosis in a primate model.
Palliative care in heart failure: a position statement from the palliative care workshop of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Tiny Jaarsma, James M. Beattie, Mary Ryder, Frans H. Rutten, Theresa McDonagh, Paul Mohacsi, Scott A. Murray, Thomas Grodzicki, Ingrid Bergh, Marco Metra, Inger Ekman, Christiane Angermann, Marcia Leventhal, Antonis Pitsis, Stefan D. Anker, Antonello Gavazzi, Piotr Ponikowski, Kenneth Dickstein, Etienne Delacretaz, Lynda Blue, Florian Strasser, John McMurray
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Native coronary disease progression exceeds failed revascularization as cause of angina after five years in the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation (BARI)
Authors: Edwin L. Alderman, Kevin E. Kip, Patrick L. Whitlow, Thomas Bashore, Donald Fortin, Martial G. Bourassa, Jacques Lesperance, Leonard Schwartz, Michael Stadius
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Cost-Effectiveness of MODY Genetic Testing: Translating Genomic Advances Into Practical Health Applications
Authors: Rochelle N. Naylor, Priya M. John, Aaron N. Winn, David Carmody, Siri Atma W. Greeley, Louis H. Philipson, Graeme I. Bell, Elbert S. Huang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a genetic testing policy for HNF1A-, HNF4A-, and GCK-MODY in a hypothetical cohort of type 2 diabetic patients 25-40 years old with a MODY prevalence of 2%. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used a simulation model of type 2 diabetes complications based on UK Prospective Diabetes Study data, modified to account for the natural history of disease by genetic subtype to compare a policy of genetic testing at diabetes diagnosis versus a policy of no testing. Under the screening policy, successful sulfonylurea treatment of HNF1A-MODY and HNF4A-MODY was modeled to produce a glycosylated hemoglobin reduction of -1.5% compared with usual care. GCK-MODY received no therapy. Main outcome measures were costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) based on lifetime risk of complications and treatments, expressed as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) (USD/QALY). RESULTS The testing policy yielded an average gain of 0.012 QALYs and resulted in an ICER of 205,000 USD. Sensitivity analysis showed that if the MODY prevalence was 6%, the ICER would be ~50,000 USD. If MODY prevalence was >30%, the testing policy was cost saving. Reducing genetic testing costs to 700 USD also resulted in an ICER of ~50,000 USD. CONCLUSIONS Our simulated model suggests that a policy of testing for MODY in selected populations is cost-effective for the U.S. based on contemporary ICER thresholds. Higher prevalence of MODY in the tested population or decreased testing costs would enhance cost-effectiveness. Our results make a compelling argument for routine coverage of genetic testing in patients with high clinical suspicion of MODY.
Complement-Binding Anti-HLA Antibodies and Kidney-Allograft Survival
Authors: Alexandre Loupy, Carmen Lefaucheur, Dewi Vernerey, Christof Prugger, Jean-Paul Duong van Huyen, Nuala Mooney, Caroline Suberbielle, Véronique Frémeaux-Bacchi, Arnaud Méjean, François Desgrandchamps, Dany Anglicheau, Dominique Nochy, Dominique Charron, Jean-Philippe Empana, Michel Delahousse, Christophe Legendre, Denis Glotz, Gary S. Hill, Adriana Zeevi, Xavier Jouven
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Anti-HLA antibodies hamper successful transplantation, and activation of the complement cascade is involved in antibody-mediated rejection. We investigated whether the complement-binding capacity of anti-HLA antibodies plays a role in kidney-allograft failure.We enrolled patients who received kidney allografts at two transplantation centers in Paris between January 1, 2005, and January 1, 2011, in a population-based study. Patients were screened for the presence of circulating donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies and their complement-binding capacity. Graft injury phenotype and the time to kidney-allograft loss were assessed.The primary analysis included 1016 patients. Patients with complement-binding donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies after transplantation had the lowest 5-year rate of graft survival (54%), as compared with patients with non-complement-binding donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (93%) and patients without donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (94%) (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The presence of complement-binding donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies after transplantation was associated with a risk of graft loss that was more than quadrupled (hazard ratio, 4.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.69 to 8.49) when adjusted for clinical, functional, histologic, and immunologic factors. These antibodies were also associated with an increased rate of antibody-mediated rejection, a more severe graft injury phenotype with more extensive microvascular inflammation, and increased deposition of complement fraction C4d within graft capillaries. Adding complement-binding donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies to a traditional risk model improved the stratification of patients at risk for graft failure (continuous net reclassification improvement, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.97).Assessment of the complement-binding capacity of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies appears to be useful in identifying patients at high risk for kidney-allograft loss.
Patient Education, Coaching, and Self-Management for Cancer Pain
Authors: Melanie R. Lovell, Tim Luckett, Frances M. Boyle, Jane Phillips, Meera Agar, Patricia M. Davidson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses have identified the effectiveness of patient education in improving cancer pain management. However, the mechanisms by which patient education improves pain outcomes are uncertain, as are the optimal delivery, content, timing, frequency, and duration. This review provides best-bet recommendations based on available evidence to guide service managers and clinicians in developing a patient education program.We used patient-centered care, self-management, coaching, and a behavior change wheel as lenses through which to consider the evidence for elements of patient education most likely to be effective within the context of other strategies for overcoming barriers to cancer pain assessment and management.The evidence suggests that optimal strategies include those that are patient-centered and tailored to individual needs, are embedded within health professional-patient communication and therapeutic relationships, empower patients to self-manage and coordinate their care, and are routinely integrated into standard cancer care. An approach that integrates patient education with processes and systems to ensure implementation of key standards for pain assessment and management and education of health professionals has been shown to be most effective.Patient education is effective in reducing cancer pain and should be standard practice in all settings. For optimal results, patient education should be integrated with other strategies for implementing evidence-based, person-centered care and overcoming barriers at the levels of patient, provider, and health system.