tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transvaginal colour flow imaging: a possible new screening technique for ovarian cancer.
Authors: T. Bourne, S. Campbell, C. Steer, M. I. Whitehead, W. P. Collins
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To assess whether changes in the intraovarian vasculature or blood flow impedance can be used to identify potentially malignant masses. DESIGN--Open, non-comparative prospective study. SETTING--Ovarian screening clinics at King9s College Hospital and the Hallam Medical Centre. SUBJECTS--50 Women selected on the basis of their medical history and the result of a previous transvaginal ultrasound scan. Thirty women (10 premenopausal (scan taken on days 1 to 8 of the menstrual cycle) and 20 postmenopausal) had normal ovaries, and 20 had at least one ovary with an abnormal morphology or volume, or both. INTERVENTIONS--Women with a positive result on screening were referred for laparotomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Presence or absence of coloured areas (neovascularisation) and the pulsatility index within each ovary. The pulsatility index is a measure of the impedance to blood flow, a low value indicating decreased impedance and a high value increased impedance to blood flow. RESULTS--Two women with a positive result on screening had hydrosalpinges, 10 a benign tumour or a tumour-like condition, and eight primary ovarian cancers. No areas of neovascularisation were seen in the 30 women with morphologically normal ovaries and the two patients with hydrosalpinges; the pulsatility index ranged from 3.1 to 9.4. Similarly, nine patients (10 affected ovaries) with a non-malignant mass had no signs of neovascularisation and the pulsatility index varied from 3.2 to 7.0. One patient with bilateral dermoid cysts containing nests of thyroid-like cells had vascular changes and pulsatility index values of 0.4 and 0.8. Seven patients (eight ovaries) with primary ovarian cancer (one stage IV, four stage II, and two stage Ia) showed clear evidence of neovascularisation and pulsatility index values were from 0.3 to 1.0. One patient with an intraepithelial serous cystadenocarcinoma in a small ovary (less than 5 ml volume) had no signs of any vascular change and the pulsatility index was 5.5. CONCLUSION--Transvaginal colour flow imaging may be used to identify potentially malignant ovarian masses and help elucidate the early stages of tumorigenesis. The routine application of this technique may reduce the rate of false positive results of an ultrasonography based screening procedure.
Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, combined with pelvic palliative radiotherapy for gastrointestinal carcinoma: the Pelvic Radiation and Vorinostat (PRAVO) phase 1 study
Authors: Anne Hansen Ree, Svein Dueland, Sigurd Folkvord, Knut H Hole, Therese Seierstad, Marianne Johansen, Torveig W Abrahamsen, Kjersti Flatmark
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2010)
Screening with computed tomography detects early lung cancer
Authors: Janice Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Screening with spiral computed tomography (CT) in people aged 40 or more who are at risk of lung cancer is effective at detecting early cancers, a new study shows. The large international study also showed that the screening resulted in a 10 year survival rate of 80% to 92% ( New England Journal of Medicine 2006;355:1763-71).

“Annual spiral CT screening can detect lung cancer that is curable,” conclude the researchers, Claudia Henschke of New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College and colleagues.

Dr Henschke said, “Everyone understands that early stage lung cancer can be cured while late stage lung cancer cannot. You want to find it early and treat it early.”

Although 95% of people who are given a diagnosis of lung cancer die from the disease, “in a population at risk for lung cancer, such screening could prevent 80% of deaths,” the study says. Screening is “highly cost-effective … similar to that for mammography.”

The international …
Susan Elizabeth Openshaw (née Scott Stokes)
Authors: Peter J M Openshaw
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Susan Elizabeth Openshaw (nee Scott Stokes) was born into a Quaker family in Somerset. The third of six children, she was a mischievous, imaginative, creative child with a voracious appetite for reading and an excellent memory. She was at Sidcot School (age 12-17) and read medicine at Somerville, Oxford, where …
Conversion of the CD4 T cell profile from T-dominant type to T-dominant type after varicella-zoster virus infection in atopic dermatitis
Authors: T FUJIMURA, R YAMANASHI, M MASUZAWA, Y FUJITA, K KATSUOKA, S NISHIYAMA, M MITSUYAMA, K NOMOTO
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)
The Relationship Between Microsatellite Polymorphism and Recombination Hot Spots in the Human Genome
Authors: M. Brandstrom, A. T. Bagshaw, N. J. Gemmell, H. Ellegren
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Although previous studies have failed to detect an association between microsatellite polymorphism and broadscale recombination rates in the human genome, there are several possible reasons why such a relationship could exist. For instance, there might be a direct link if recombination is mutagenic to microsatellite sequences or if polymorphic microsatellites act as recombination signals. Alternatively, recombination could exert an indirect effect by uncoupling of natural selection at linked loci, promoting polymorphism. As recombination is concentrated in narrow hotspot regions in the human genome, we investigated the relationship between microsatellite polymorphism and recombination hot spots. By using data from a common allele frequency database, we found several polymorphism estimates to be similar for hot spots and the genomic average. However, this is likely explained by an ascertainment bias because markers with high polymorphism information content are usually selected for genotyping in human populations and pedigrees. In contrast, by using an unbiased set of shotgun sequence data, we found an excess of microsatellite polymorphism in recombination hot spots of 14%. However, when other genomic variables are taken into account in a generalized model and using wavelet analysis, the effect is no longer detectable and the only firm predictor of microsatellite polymorphism is the incidence of SNPs and indels. One possible neutral explanation to these observations is that there is a common denominator affecting the local rate of mutation in unique as well as in repetitive DNA, for example, base composition.
Efficacy of a Needling Device for the Treatment of Acne Scars
Authors: Murad Alam, Sandra Han, Marisa Pongprutthipan, Wareeporn Disphanurat, Rohit Kakar, Michael Nodzenski, Natalie Pace, Natalie Kim, Simon Yoo, Emir Veledar, Emily Poon, Dennis P. West
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Neocollagenesis can be achieved using a dermal rolling needle device, thereby reducing the appearance of acne scars. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the efficacy of a needling device for treatment of acne scars. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> We performed a single-center, rater-blinded, balanced (1:1), split-face, placebo-controlled, parallel-group randomized clinical trial at an urban academic institution. The study took place from November 30, 2009, through July 27, 2010. Twenty healthy adults (age range, 20-65 years) with acne scars on both sides of the face were enrolled. Fifteen individuals completed the study, and no enrolled participants were withdrawn for adverse effects. <h3>Interventions</h3> For each participant, one side of the face was randomized for needling. Three needling treatments were performed at 2-week intervals. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Two blinded dermatologists separately rated participants' acne scars based on standard digital photographs obtained at baseline and at the 3-month and 6-month follow-up visits on the quantitative global scarring grading system. <h3>Results</h3> Mean scar scores were significantly lower in the treatment group compared with baseline at 6 months (mean difference, 3.4; 95% CI, 0.2-6.5;<i>P</i> = .03) and nominally but not significantly lower compared with baseline at 3 months (mean difference, 2.4; 95% CI, −0.01 to 4.8;<i>P</i> = .052). In the control group, mean scar scores did not vary significantly from baseline at 3 months (mean difference, 1.0; 95% CI, −1.4 to 3.4;<i>P</i> = .96) and at 6 months (mean difference, 0.4; 95% CI, −2.3 to 3.5;<i>P</i>&gt; .99). The needling procedure was not particularly painful, with a mean pain rating of 1.08 of 10. Participants perceived a 41% mean improvement in overall scar appearance on the treated side. No adverse events were reported. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> After 3 needling treatments, there was improvement in the appearance of acne scars over time compared with the control group, with minimal pain reported. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00974870
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Simplifying the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Diagnostic Algorithm Using Fasting Plasma Glucose
Authors: Masoud Mahdavian, Marie-France Hivert, Jean-Patrice Baillargeon, Julie Menard, Annie Ouellet, Jean-Luc Ardilouze
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Using a large retrospective study in Arab (80.1%) and South Asian (15.5%) pregnant women, Agarwal et al. (1) questioned the helpfulness of the full 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), as recommended by the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (2). The IADPSG proposes measuring fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 1-h plasma glucose and 2-h plasma glucose, with respective thresholds of 5.1, 10.0, and 8.5 mmol/l; at least one of these thresholds must be met to diagnose GDM. Agarwal et al. suggest an FPG ≥5.1 mmol/l–based diagnosis of GDM and a defined FPG <4.4 mmol/l to exclude GDM; women meeting these criteria would therefore not require OGTT. According to …
Ranolazine Decreases Mechanosensitivity of the Voltage-Gated Sodium Ion Channel Na <sub>V</sub> 1.5
Authors: Arthur Beyder, Peter R. Strege, Santiago Reyes, Cheryl E. Bernard, Andre Terzic, Jonathan Makielski, Michael J. Ackerman, Gianrico Farrugia
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Na V 1.5 is a mechanosensitive voltage-gated sodium-selective ion channel responsible for the depolarizing current and maintenance of the action potential plateau in the heart. Ranolazine is a Na V 1.5 antagonist with antianginal and antiarrhythmic properties. Methods and Results— Mechanosensitivity of Na V 1.5 was tested in voltage-clamped whole cells and cell-attached patches by bath flow and patch pressure, respectively. In whole cells, bath flow increased peak inward current in both murine ventricular cardiac myocytes (24±8%) and human embryonic kidney 293 cells heterologously expressing Na V 1.5 (18±3%). The flow-induced increases in peak current were blocked by ranolazine. In cell-attached patches from cardiac myocytes and Na V 1.5-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells, negative pressure increased Na V peak currents by 27±18% and 18±4% and hyperpolarized voltage dependence of activation by −11 mV and −10 mV, respectively. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells, negative pressure also increased the window current (250%) and increased late open channel events (250%). Ranolazine decreased pressure-induced shift in the voltage dependence (IC 50 54 μmol/L) and eliminated the pressure-induced increases in window current and late current event numbers. Block of Na V 1.5 mechanosensitivity by ranolazine was not due to the known binding site on DIVS6 (F1760). The effect of ranolazine on mechanosensitivity of Na V 1.5 was approximated by lidocaine. However, ionized ranolazine and charged lidocaine analog (QX-314) failed to block mechanosensitivity. Conclusions— Ranolazine effectively inhibits mechanosensitivity of Na V 1.5. The block of Na V 1.5 mechanosensitivity by ranolazine does not utilize the established binding site and may require bilayer partitioning. Ranolazine block of Na V 1.5 mechanosensitivity may be relevant in disorders of mechanoelectric dysfunction.
Antiacetylcholine Receptor Antibodies and Myasthenia Gravis-Reply
Authors: M. Seth Hochman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Several investigators have now shown that a fall in the level of anti-AChR antibody is not necessary for clinical or electrophysiological improvement after thymectomy or plasma exchange in MG.<sup>1,2</sup>Possible explanations for this poor correlation are as follows: (1) Serum antibody levels may not reflect the amount of immune complex bound to AChR. (2) A subpopulation of anti-AChR antibodies could exist that is not measured by current assays. (3) If the number of unblocked AChRs were just below the safety margin for normal neuromuscular transmission, even a small increase in the number of "free" receptors could restore full neuromuscular transmission without a measurable fall in antibody level. Some investigators have not found these or other explanations attractive enough to remain on the anti-AChR antibody "bandwagon," despite the fact that substantial titers of these antibodies are found in approximately 90% of patients with MG, and no anti-AChR antibodies
The Evolving Role of Molecular Markers in the Diagnosis and Management of Diffuse Glioma
Authors: Jason T. Huse, Kenneth D. Aldape
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

While the classification of diffuse gliomas has relied on the examination of morphologic features supplemented with techniques such as immunohistochemistry, there is an increasing recognition of substantial biologic diversity within morphologically defined entities. High-throughput technologies, in particular studies that integrate genome-wide data from diverse molecular platforms, increasingly identify the existence of robust and distinct glioma subtypes. While treatment advances and improvement of outcomes for patients with diffuse glioma have been modest, there may be benefit to integrate findings from biologic studies into clinical practice to enhance the precision of treatment for these diseases. Recent examples such as the identification of mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 as an early genetic event that is predominantly in lower-grade gliomas (grades 2 and 3) underscore the importance of molecular discovery leading to the ability to develop subclassifications with prognostic and potentially therapeutic implications. In contrast, glioblastoma (grade 4), the most common and aggressive glioma, typically arises without IDH mutation, supporting the need for different therapeutic approaches. Additional genomic and epigenomic signatures are generally nonoverlapping between IDH-mutant and IDH wild-type diffuse glioma, and despite comparable histopathology, IDH-mutant gliomas can be considered as biologically distinct from IDH wild-type gliomas. In this CCR Focus article, we highlight and summarize the current understanding of recent molecular findings and the relationships of these findings to clinical trials and clinical management.
GW25-e2321 Thrombus aspiration improves all-cause death in long term follow-up in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Liao Li-Zhen, Zhuang Xiao-Dong, Du Zhi-Min, Liao Xin-Xue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Health Data in the Information Age: Use, Disclosure, and Privacy
Authors: V Nathanson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Molla S Donaldson, Kathleen N Lohr National Academy Press, pounds sterling32.95, pp 257 ISBN 0-309-04995-4

Usable information is a powerful tool, and, as increasingly complex and comprehensive health information about patients and the health care workers and institutions who care for them is held on computer, this tool offers both benefits and inevitable dangers. Serious consideration of the issues arising from the collection of such information is in its early stages in Britain; but experts would say that our systems for collecting data are equally underdeveloped.

The English and Welsh health departments have recently issued what they consider to …
Automated time-resolved analysis of bacteria–substrate interactions using functionalized microparticles and flow cytometry
Authors: Xiao Xie, Jens Möller, Rupert Konradi, Malgorzata Kisielow, Alfredo Franco-Obregón, Erich Nyfeler, Andreas Mühlebach, Mamta Chabria, Marcus Textor, Zuhong Lu, Erik Reimhult
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Primary Gonococcal Stomatitis
Authors: Steven R. Kohn
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Considering both the increasing incidence of gonococcal disease and the range of variations in sexual life, it is surprising that since 1961, when Schmidt et al (<i>Acta Dermatovener</i><b>41</b>:324, 1961) presented a case with suspected primary gonococcal stomatitis, there have been virtually no other reports of this entity. A patient developed primary gonococcal stomatitis and urethritis developed approximately four days after he engaged in both oral and genital intercourse with a prostitute. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 22-year-old man was apparently well until Oct 1, 1970, when he first noticed a urethral discharge and burning dysuria. On Oct 5, the patient gave a physician a history of having performed both oral and gential intercourse with a prostitute four days prior to the onset of his symptoms. The smear of the urethral discharge revealed many gram-negative intracellular diplococci and the culture yielded<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>. Tetracycline, 500 mg,
Reply to Dr. Lapeyre: Duration of Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Procedures
Authors: C. Preiss, J. Charton, B. Schumacher, H. Neuhaus
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

We very much appreciate the letter from Dr. B. Lapeyre, stating his view that the duration of unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) procedures has an important impact on patients’ tolerance of them. Our data do not support this hypothesis. As we reported, sedation became necessary in 44 % of all conventional EGD procedures. In 86.4 % of these cases (19 of 22 patients), sedation was administered at the patient’s request shortly after insertion of the endoscope. Only 13.6 % of the patients (three of 22) received sedation for the first time at a later stage of EGD [1].
Mechanism of deoxyadenosine and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine toxicity to nondividing human lymphocytes.
Authors: S Seto, C J Carrera, M Kubota, D B Wasson, D A Carson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Deoxyadenosine has been implicated as the toxic metabolite causing profound lymphopenia in immunodeficient children with a genetic deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA), and in adults treated with the potent ADA inhibitor deoxycoformycin. However, the biochemical basis for deoxyadenosine toxicity toward lymphocytes remains controversial. The present experiments have examined in detail the sequential metabolic changes induced in nondividing human peripheral blood lymphocytes by incubation with deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin, or with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA), an ADA resistant deoxyadenosine congener with anti-leukemic and immunosuppressive properties. The lymphotoxic effect of deoxyadenosine and CdA required their phosphorylation, and was inhibited by deoxycytidine. As early as 4 h after exposure to the deoxynucleosides, strand breaks in lymphocyte DNA began to accumulate, and RNA synthesis decreased. These changes were followed by a significant fall in intracellular NAD levels at 8 h, a drop in ATP pools at 24 h, and cell death by 48 h. Incubation of the lymphocytes with 5 mM nicotinamide, a NAD precursor and an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, prevented NAD depletion. The nicotinamide treatment also rendered the lymphocytes highly resistant to deoxyadenosine and CdA toxicity, without altering dATP formation or the accumulation of DNA strand breaks. The poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide exerted a similar although less potent effect. These results suggest that NAD depletion, probably triggered by poly(ADP-ribose) formation, is the principle cause of death in normal resting human lymphocytes exposed to deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin, or to CdA.
PEYER'S PATCHES: IMMUNOLOGIC STUDIES
Authors: Claudia Henry, W. Page Faulk, Lotte Kuhn, J. M. Yoffey, H. Hugh Fudenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

The immune capabilities of the Peyer's patches have been investigated by the use of an in vitro system. Despite our failure to stimulate Peyer's patch lymphocytes in vivo it appears that Peyer's patches behave immunologically as peripheral lymphoid tissues. Cultures prepared from the dissociated Peyer's patches of normal rabbits respond to sheep erythrocytes. The response is comparable to that obtained with spleen cultures from the same animals and is not dependent on the presence of the epithelial cells which line the lumen. Similar thymic cultures do not respond. Our experiments with cultures prepared from rabbits which have received one or two injections of SRC show that the Peyer's patches contain both IgM and IgG "memory" cells which have migrated from the spleen. The concentration of these cells in the spleen remains several hundredfold higher.
Beneficial effects of bisoprolol on the survival of hypertensive diastolic heart failure model rats
Authors: Mayu Nishio, Yasushi Sakata, Toshiaki Mano, Tomohito Ohtani, Yasuharu Takeda, Takeshi Miwa, Masatsugu Hori, Tohru Masuyama, Takashi Kondo, Kazuhiro Yamamoto
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Acquired Type I von Willebrand's Disease Associated with Highly Substituted Hydroxyethyl Starch
Authors: Annie-Pierre Jonville-Béra, Elisabeth Autret-Leca, Yves Gruel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

To the Editor: High-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starches (hetastarches) can cause acquired type I von Willebrand's disease.1 A case has also occurred after treatment with medium-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starches (pentastarches).2 We analyzed all patients with hemostatic disorders that occurred during treatment with pentastarch (Elohes and Hesteril, Fresenius, Paris; and Lomol, Dupont, Wilmington, Del.) and that were spontaneously reported to the 31 French regional drug-monitoring centers. Nine cases of hemostatic disorders were reported between 1990 and 1997 (Table 1). All patients were treated with Elohes as hemodilution therapy (for vasospasm secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage). Of the nine patients, six had a diagnosis of acquired . . .
Allan Frederic ("Tommy") Granger
Authors: D. GRANGER
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire (b Glasgow 1915; q Glasgow 1938), d 3 September 2003.

Allan Frederic Granger first came to Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, in 1940 when, as a soldier in the Royal Army Medical Corps, he was appointed to the 30th General Army, then based at Kimbolton Castle. He served in Iceland before being deployed in Italy and latterly Austria, and achieved the rank of major. In his late 20s he ran the Liverpool Infectious Diseases Hospital. In 1947 he returned to Kimbolton to join his father in law in practice. He was a keen game shooter and fly fisherman and ran his own orchard. He leaves a wife, Phyllis; three children; and 11 grandchildren.