tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
US doctors join call for end to embargo against Cuba
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A group of doctors from the United States joined with international colleagues in a call to end their country’s embargo against Cuba during a critical care conference held in Havana in mid-September. The doctors called the embargo a “humanitarian catastrophe . . . that violates both moral standards and international law.”

In a letter to President Barack Obama, dated 24 October 2013, the doctors state, “We are not a political party. Nor are we even an organization. Nor do we have a shared social agenda. We are simply doctors who met to share our clinical knowledge and experiences in emergency and critical care medicine.”

The international gathering, sponsored by DevelopingEM, drew about 185 doctors from 18 …
Unrelated umbilical cord blood stem cell transplant after failure of haploidentical or matched unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: O Khorshid, E de Meis, T Martin, R B Jones, E J Shpall, Y Nieto, I Khouri, M Shahjahan, J Gajewski, S Giralt, R Champlin, M de Lima
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Sources, transport and alterations of metal compounds: an overview. I. Arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and nickel.
Authors: L Fishbein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

An overview is presented of the current state of knowledge of the salient aspects of the sources, transport, and alterations of arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, and nickel. This information is considered vital for a better assessment of the scope of potential human hazard to these ubiquitous toxicants and their compounds. Stress is focused on both natural and industrial activities, particularly on the latter's projected trends. Increasing use patterns per se of most of these metals, as well as aspects of waste disposal and the anticipated increased combustion of fossil fuels for power generation and space heating (particularly in the United States), are major causes of potential health concern. Additionally, attention is drawn to the need for increased research to fill the gaps in our knowledge in these vital areas, all in the hope of permitting a more facile identification and quantification of the potential hazard to exposure to these agents.
Mother–Daughter Transmission of Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
Authors: Suchada Sritippayawan, Refika Hamutcu, Sheila S. Kun, Zarah Ner, Monique Ponce, Thomas G. Keens
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The cause of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is unknown, but a genetic etiology is strongly suspected. We report a 25-year-old woman with CCHS (no Hirschsprung's disease) who gave birth to a daughter who also has CCHS. This suggests a dominant mode of inheritance for CCHS in this family. Pregnancy can be associated with physiologic challenges in CCHS. The increase in endogenous progesterone may stimulate breathing and may possibly improve symptoms of hypoventilation. Although this patient did not have any worsening in symptoms, her hyperoxic hypercapnic rebreathing ventilatory response was not different when pregnant versus when not pregnant. Ventilatory support for the patient was successfully managed with diaphragm pacing throughout the pregnancy without the need to adjust settings, despite the enlarged abdomen during pregnancy. We conclude that CCHS may be an inherited disorder. Increased endogenous progesterone during pregnancy has no effect on the ventilatory response, and diaphragm pacing can successfully provide adequate ventilation throughout pregnancy.
Use of Micro-organisms for Therapeutic Purposes
Authors: H. W. Florey
Journal: BMJ (1945)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the association between tea drinking and dysmenorrhoea among women of reproductive age. <h3>Design</h3> A cross-sectional study based on Shanghai Birth Cohort Study. <h3>Setting</h3> Two preconceptional care clinics in Shanghai, China. <h3>Participants</h3> 1183 women of reproductive age who sought preconceptional care were recruited from August 2013 to April 2015. <h3>Primary and secondary outcome measures</h3> Participants were asked if they had pelvic pain associated with menstrual bleeding during the past 12 months and to further grade the intensity of menstrual cramp as mild, moderate and severe. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the association of tea drinking and dysmenorrhoea. Other information, such as demographic and lifestyle factors, was also collected and assessed in relation to dysmenorrhoea. <h3>Results</h3> The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 57.8%, among whom 10.4% and 3.5% had moderate and severe dysmenorrhoea, respectively. Tea drinking was associated with a lower prevalence of dysmenorrhoea (adjusted OR [aOR]=0.68, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.93 for mild dysmenorrhoea; aOR=0.59 (95% CI 0.32 to 1.04) for moderate-to-severe dysmenorrhoea). Green tea and oolong tea appeared to have most reduction in the prevalence of dysmenorrhoea (for mild dysmenorrhoea: green tea: aOR=0.63 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.90) and oolong tea: aOR=0.60 (95% CI 0.35 to 1.03); for moderate-to-severe dysmenorrhoea: green tea: aOR=0.42 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.85) and oolong tea: aOR=0.34 (95% CI 0.11 to 1.09)). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Consumptions of green tea and possibly oolong tea were associated with a lower prevalence of dysmenorrhoea.
Antibiotics for Urinary Tract Infections in Women
Authors: Aaron E. Glatt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1990Antibiotics for Urinary Tract Infections in WomenAaron E. Glatt, MDAaron E. Glatt, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-9-711_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:I read with great interest the fine paper by Johnson and Stamm (1), updating proper diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections in women. Their otherwise comprehensive review of a complex subject was slightly marred by the inclusion of nonequivalent doses in some of their comparative tables (Tables 3 and 9). In a footnote, the authors do provide the caveat that in certain patients it may be preferable to use different doses or intervals. Nevertheless, Table 3 seems to indicate (based on the cost per day column) that the choices as given are comparable. This is not...Reference1. JohnsonStamm JW. Urinary tract infections in women: diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:906-17. LinkGoogle Scholar1. JohnsonStamm JW. Urinary tract infections in women: diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:906-17. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Sanford J. Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy. West Bethesda, Maryland: Antimicrobial Therapy, Inc.; 1988:44-59. Google Scholar3. Naber K. Use of quinolones in urinary tract infections and prostatitis. Rev Infect Dis. 1989;ll(Suppl 5):S1321-7. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Nassau County Medical Center East Meadow, NY 11554 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1990Volume 112, Issue 9Page: 711-712KeywordsAntibiotics Issue Published: 1 May 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Diffusion Equilibrium for Ammonia in the Kidney of the Acidotic Dog*
Authors: William J. Stone, Sulamita Balagura, Robert F. Pitts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Inflow of preformed ammonia in arterial blood, renal production of ammonia, outflow of ammonia in renal venous blood, and urinary excretion of ammonia were measured during the infusion of (15)NH(4)Cl into one renal artery of dogs with chronic metabolic acidosis. Our results show that the specific activity of ammonia measured in the urine and that calculated in the renal pool agree within 95%. Pool specific activity is obtained by dividing the rate of infusion of isotope by the pool turnover rate, i.e., the sum of the rate of ammonia output in the urine and that in renal venous blood. An average of 35% of urinary ammonia is derived from arterial ammonia in these experiments. We conclude that ammonia is distributed evenly throughout all phases of the kidney within a period less than the transit time of blood through the kidney. Furthermore, from the proportion of urinary ammonia we found to be derived from preformed arterial ammonia (35%), and from our previous demonstration that 73% of urinary ammonia derives from deamidation and/or deamination of plasma glutamine, alanine, glycine, and glutamate, we can account for all of the ammonia that leaves the kidney in renal venous blood and in urine.
Genotoxic monitoring of workers at a hazardous waste disposal site in Mexico.
Authors: M E Gonsebatt, A M Salazar, R Montero, F Díaz Barriga, L Yáñez, H Gómez, P Ostrosky-Wegman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Chromosomal aberration and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies were determined in lymphocytes cultured from 12 high-risk individuals working at a landfill for hazardous waste disposal. Cell proliferation kinetics (CPK) was also determined. Compared with 7 control individuals, no effects were observed with respect to SCE nor on CPK. However, the workers exhibited significantly higher frequencies of chromatid and chromosomal deletions, the magnitude of which was related with exposure time. This study suggests that when high-risk exposure is suspected, determining biomarkers of genotoxic damage (e.g., chromosomal aberrations), is useful for risk assessments.
Was the Afghan conflict a just war?
Authors: J. Leaning
Journal: BMJ (2002)

An analysis of the “just war” theory poses questions about US action in Afghanistan

Wars fought to redress grievous wrongs or put a stop to evil have been termed “just wars.” 1 2 The concept has its origins in classical and theological philosophy and was explicit in the Christian ethics of Saint Augustine.2 Just war theory describes narrow circumstances and tight constraints on the ends and means that are required to apply this term.3 Although Western law has slowly come to accept war as an inevitable instrument of national policy4 and turned its attention to setting standards for the conduct of war, important echoes of just war theory remain. A distinction was made at Nuremberg,5 and later embedded in articles 2 and 51 of the United Nations charter, between unacceptable aggressive war and acceptable wars of self defence. Contemporary arguments about particular wars still rely on the seven main principles of just war theory (box 1). Application of these principles to the conflict in Afghanistan does not settle the debate but it might help to structure the discussion.

   ![][1] 

Hugo Grotius and his theory of the just war

In modern interpretations of just war theory there are two legitimate reasons for aggressive war: self defence against an aggressor and humanitarian intervention against a sovereign state in response to acts that shock the moral conscience of mankind. A military response to the massive attack on the United States on 11 September could arguably be justified in terms of self defence. A case could convincingly be made that a malevolent global network of terror was responsible and ready to attack again. Intervention in the sovereign affairs of Afghanistan to pursue al-Qaeda could also be seen as legitimate. A counter to this position would either have to dismiss the gravity …

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Improving the Health of the Nation: The Failure of the Government's Health Reforms
Authors: S. Gillam
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Colin Francome, David Marks Middlesex University Press, £14.95, pp 310 ISBN 1 898253 05 6

Wiser heads than mine may place the revolutionary events of ‘89 in a cyclical context. The publication of the Working For Patients white paper still feels like the most influential event of my career. The fifth anniversary of the NHS and Community Care Act has spawned various attempts to judge its impact. “The government believed the introduction of more financial awareness into the health service would-lead to improvements in health” but a central concern of Improving the Health of the Nation is that the reforms have diverted doctors from their primary functions (“looking after patients, developing new ideas for …
The Evolution and Evaluation of Modern Medical Education
Authors: J. F. Staropoli
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antivaccine lobby resists introduction of Hib vaccine in India
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A campaign against the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in India launched by some medical professionals has delayed a government plan to introduce the vaccine through its free national immunisation programme for children.

The health ministry had last year announced that it would replace the standard vaccine for diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus with a pentavalent vaccine that would also protect children against hepatitis B and Hib.

The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI), after consultation with the Indian health ministry, had pledged in August 2009 a grant of $165m (£110m; €135m) to roll out the new vaccine to cover 10 million children in 10 of India’s 28 states in 2010.

The Hib organism, which can cause severe bacterial meningitis and pneumonia, is estimated to kill more than 370 000 children worldwide each year, GAVI said. Nearly 20% of these deaths occur in India.

But the campaign mounted against the Hib vaccine …
A novel mechanism of liver allograft rejection facilitated by antibodies to liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Suchitra Sumitran-Holgersson, Xupeng Ge, Azza Karrar, Bo Xu, Silvia Nava, Ulrika Broomé, Grzegorz Nowak, Bo-Göran Ericzon
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) may be implicated in the induction of liver allograft rejections. We studied the clinical consequences of LSEC-reactive antibodies and their functional capacity in modulating T-cell responses during acute rejections. Pre- and posttransplant sera and T lymphocytes from 95 liver transplant patients were used in this study. LSECs were isolated from normal healthy liver. Binding of antibodies to LSECs was detected using flow cytometry. To study whether LSEC antibodies facilitated cell-mediated immunity, a mixed cell culture (MCC) assay was used. Cytokines in the supernatants of MCC were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Liver biopsy sections were stained to detect the deposition of immunoglobulins in LSECs during rejections. The 2-year patient survival was 86.3%. A significantly higher number of patients with rejections had LSEC antibodies (35/50; 70%) than those without rejections (8/45; 18%) ( P &lt; .0001). Purified fractions of LSEC antibodies induced the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 on LSECs. A significantly higher number of patients with LSEC antibodies and rejections had an increased proliferation of T cells and markedly decreased levels of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in the MCC than those without antibodies and rejections ( P &lt; .0001, P &lt; .0001, respectively). Deposition of antibodies in LSECs during rejection episodes was observed in the biopsies of patients with LSEC antibodies but not in those without LSEC antibodies. In conclusion , antibodies to LSECs may facilitate acute liver allograft rejections by down-regulating the immune modulating cytokine TGF-β and thus up-regulating alloreactive T-cell proliferation. (Hepatology 2004;40:1211-1221.)
Will This Patient Develop Persistent Disabling Low Back Pain?
Authors: Roger Chou
Journal: JAMA (2010)

<h3>Context</h3>Low back pain is extremely common. Early identification of patients more likely to develop persistent disabling symptoms could help guide decisions regarding follow-up and management.<h3>Objective</h3>To systematically review the usefulness of individual risk factors or risk prediction instruments for identifying patients more likely to develop persistent disabling low back pain.<h3>Data Sources</h3>Electronic searches of MEDLINE (1966-January 2010) and EMBASE (1974-February 2010) and review of the bibliographies of retrieved articles.<h3>Study Selection</h3>Prospective studies of patients with fewer than 8 weeks of low back pain from which likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated for prediction of persistent disabling low back pain for findings attainable during the clinical evaluation.<h3>Data Extraction</h3>Two authors independently assessed studies and extracted data to estimate LRs.<h3>Data Synthesis</h3>A total of 20 studies evaluating 10 842 patients were identified. Presence of nonorganic signs (median [range] LR, 3.0 [1.7-4.6]), high levels of maladaptive pain coping behaviors (median [range] LR, 2.5 [2.2-2.8]), high baseline functional impairment (median [range] LR, 2.1 [1.2-2.7]), presence of psychiatric comorbidities (median [range] LR, 2.2 [1.9-2.3]), and low general health status (median [range] LR, 1.8 [1.1-2.0]) were the most useful predictors of worse outcomes at 1 year. Low levels of fear avoidance (median [range] LR, 0.39 [0.38-0.40]) and low baseline functional impairment (median [range] LR, 0.40 [0.10-0.52]) were the most useful items for predicting recovery at 1 year. Results were similar for outcomes at 3 to 6 months. Variables related to the work environment, baseline pain, and presence of radiculopathy were less useful for predicting worse outcomes (median LRs approximately 1.5), and a history of prior low back pain episodes and demographic variables were not useful (median LRs approximately 1.0). Several risk prediction instruments were useful for predicting outcomes, but none were extensively validated, and some validation studies showed LRs similar to estimates for individual risk factors.<h3>Conclusion</h3>The most helpful components for predicting persistent disabling low back pain were maladaptive pain coping behaviors, nonorganic signs, functional impairment, general health status, and presence of psychiatric comorbidities.
Association Between Serum Cathepsin S and Mortality in Older Adults
Authors: Elisabeth Jobs, Erik Ingelsson, Ulf Risérus, Elisabet Nerpin, Magnus Jobs, Johan Sundström, Samar Basu, Anders Larsson, Lars Lind, Johan Ärnlöv
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Context Experimental data suggest that cathepsin S, a cysteine protease, is involved in the complex pathways leading to cardiovascular disease and cancer.However, prospective data concerning a potential association between circulating cathepsin S levels and mortality are lacking.Objective To investigate associations between circulating cathepsin S levels and mortality in 2 independent cohorts of elderly men and women.Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective study using 2 community-based cohorts, the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM; n=1009; mean age: 71 years; baseline period: 1991-1995; median follow-up: 12.6 years; end of followup: 2006) and the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS; n=987; 50% women; mean age: 70 years; baseline period: 2001-2004; median follow-up: 7.9 years; end of follow-up: 2010).Serum samples were used to measure cathepsin S.Main Outcome Measure Total mortality. ResultsDuring follow-up, 413 participants died in the ULSAM cohort (incidence rate: 3.59/100 person-years at risk) and 100 participants died in the PIVUS cohort (incidence rate: 1.32/100 person-years at risk).In multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, smoking status, body mass index, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, antihypertensive treatment, lipid-lowering treatment, and history of cardiovascular disease, higher serum cathepsin S was associated with an increased risk for mortality (ULSAM cohort: hazard ratio [HR] for 1-unit increase of cathepsin S, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01-1.06],P=.009; PIVUS cohort: HR for 1-unit increase of cathepsin S, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.00-1.07],P=.04).In the ULSAM cohort, serum cathepsin S also was associated with cardiovascular mortality (131 deaths; HR for quintile 5 vs quintiles 1-4, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.11-2.37];P=.01) and cancer mortality (148 deaths; HR for 1-unit increase of cathepsin S, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.01-1.10];P=.01).Conclusions Among elderly individuals in 2 independent cohorts, higher serum cathepsin S levels were associated with increased mortality risk.Additional research is needed to delineate the role of cathepsin S and whether its measurement might have clinical utility.
Idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy is part of the clinical expression of cardiac troponin I mutations
Authors: Jens Mogensen, Toru Kubo, Mauricio Duque, William Uribe, Anthony Shaw, Ross Murphy, Juan R. Gimeno, Perry Elliott, William J. McKenna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is an uncommon heart muscle disorder characterized by impaired filling of the ventricles with reduced volume in the presence of normal or near normal wall thickness and systolic function. The disease may be associated with systemic disease but is most often idiopathic. We recognized a large family in which individuals were affected by either idiopathic RCM or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Linkage analysis to selected sarcomeric contractile protein genes identified cardiac troponin I (TNNI3) as the likely disease gene. Subsequent mutation analysis revealed a novel missense mutation, which cosegregated with the disease in the family (lod score: 4.8). To determine if idiopathic RCM is part of the clinical expression of TNNI3 mutations, genetic investigations of the gene were performed in an additional nine unrelated RCM patients with restrictive filling patterns, bi-atrial dilatation, normal systolic function, and normal wall thickness. TNNI3 mutations were identified in six of these nine RCM patients. Two of the mutations identified in young individuals were de novo mutations. All mutations appeared in conserved and functionally important domains of the gene.
THE EFFECTS OF OSMIC ACID INJECTIONS.
Authors: JOSEPH RILUS EASTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Billroth and Neuber<sup>1</sup>were the first to employ osmic acid for neuralgia. They used repeated injections by puncture through the skin without exposure of the nerve; as many as twenty injections were given in some cases. Eulenburg,<sup>2</sup>employing a similar method, had good results in only 3 out of 13 cases, which included neuralgias of the brachial, sciatic and trigeminal nerves. Schapiro,<sup>1</sup>who used a 1 per cent. solution of osmic acid in glycerin and water, records 5 successes out of 8 cases at periods of two to six months after injection. Jacoby<sup>3</sup>claims 8 cases of cure out of 18 sciaticas, and warns us that it is "dangerous to implicate a motor nerve." Cohen<sup>4</sup>of Philadelphia used repeated injections (without exposure) into the sciatic nerve, using as much as 30 minims of a 1 per cent. solution. Ellis<sup>3</sup>records the occurrence of some