tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Multidisciplinary, Comprehensive, Ambulatory Treatment Scheme for Diabetes Mellitus in Children
Authors: Zvi Laron, Avinoam Galatzer, Shoshana Amir, Ruth Gil, Moshe Karp, Marc Mimouni
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

A study has been carried out on 262 children with juvenile diabetes and their parents, treated up to 10 yr on an ambulatory basis by a multidisciplinary team composed of pediatric endocrinologist, nurse, dietitian, psychologist, and social worker. Comparison of the findings with those of a study performed before inception of the Counselling Center for Juvenile Diabetics revealed the following positive influences: the degree of control attained was both higher and sustained with greater regularity; there were fewer complications with no episodes of coma, brittle diabetes, or severe ketoacidosis and almost no need for hospitalization; the attitude of the affected child, his parents, and his teachers was found to be considerably improved; there was better understanding of the nature of the disease and its requirements; the child's motivation to maintain the diabetic regimen was greater and conflicts within the family circle were markedly reduced; the child's self-concept was much higher; and both scholastic achievements and social adjustment were greater. We concluded that psychological stability is a basic factor in the control of diabetes, and the value of the multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of this chronic disease is indicated.
Retaining intravaginal medication.
Authors: J Guillebaud
Journal: BMJ (1972)

of the authorities" is a narrow one and views the situation out of context.The truth of the matter is that Africans are relegated to restricted areas-Bantustans-which are a necessary step for the implementation of separate development.These areas, other than not being open to all races, are the most economically impoverished parts of the country.These areas comprise just less than 13 % of the Republic's surface area and account for 1-99% of the total product of South Africa.In 1966-7 the output per head was about one eighteenth of that in the re- mainder of the Republic."These undeniable facts are hardly conducive to attracting medical personnel into these "homelands" even if they were able to go.The assertion by Dr. McKechnie that "the medical profession in South Africa is as concerned with discrimination as she [Dr.Dowling] is" may be argued.We believe that in King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, in the medical school and in a few liberal pockets in the country, a great deal of good- will exists amongst the White doctors for us, but that it is too often misdirected.--Weare, etc.,
Expanding Medicare and Employer Plans to Achieve Universal Health Insurance
Authors: Karen Davis
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This article presents a proposal for expanding Medicare and employer-based health insurance plans to achieve universal health insurance. Under this proposed health care financing system, employees would provide basic health insurance coverage to workers and dependents, or pay a payroll tax contribution toward the cost of their coverage under Medicare. States would have the option of buying all Medicaid beneficiaries and other poor individuals into Medicare by paying the Medicare premiums and cost sharing. Other uninsured individuals would be automatically covered by Medicare. Employer plans would incorporate Medicare's provider payment methods. This proposal would result in incremental federal governmental outlays on the order of $25 billion annually. These new federal budgetary costs would be met through a combination of premiums, employer payroll tax, income tax, and general tax revenues. The principal advantage of this plan is that it draws on the strengths of the current system while simplifying the benefit and provider payment structure and instituting innovations to promote efficiency.
Estimating Physician Workforce Requirements
Authors: Alvin R. Tarlov
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Richard Cooper's article in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>titled "Perspectives on the Physician Workforce to the Year 2020" ignites controversy.<sup>1</sup>Cooper, extrapolating from physician staffing patterns in group- or staff-model health maintenance organizations (HMOs), forecasts the physician surplus to be trivial in the year 2000 and nonexistent by the year 2020 (his Figure 1). He proclaims that the contradiction of his forecast with the reports of the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) in 1981,<sup>2</sup>Weiner in 1994 and 1995,<sup>3,4</sup>the Council on Graduate Medical Education in 1994,<sup>5</sup>and the Bureau of Health Professions of the US Department of Health and Human Services in 1995<sup>6</sup>is attributable to the use of insupportable assumptions in the other studies. Cooper believes that newer data now available for US population projections, HMO staffing patterns, and physician work effort justify the assumptions he has adopted. See also p
Mice with the xid defect have helper cells for T15 idiotype-dominant anti-phosphorylcholine primary and secondary plaque-forming cells responses.
Authors: J Quintáns, Z S Quan, M A Arias
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

We have examined the abilities of helper T cells from commercially available (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 (NBF1) xid male and phenotypically normal female mice to help T15+ and T15- B cells to produce thymus-dependent phosphorylcholine (PC)-specific direct plaque-forming cell responses. Carrier-primed T cells from both male and female mice were found (a) to restore T15+ TD responses in congenitally athymic BALB/c mice, (b) to help PC-primed BALB/c splenic B cells produce predominantly T15+ responses, and (c) to provide help for T15+ and T15- PFC responses generated by PC-primed normal F1 splenic B cells. Furthermore, carrier-primed irradiated xid and normal recipients contributed adequate helper activity for T15 dominant responses. We therefore conclude that male and female NBF1 mice are equally capable of helping T15+ responses.
Vietnam is urged to close drug detention centres after widespread abuse is discovered
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Human rights activists have called on the Vietnam government to close drug detention centres in the country after finding that people detained for using drugs are held without due process for many years, denied treatment, tortured, and forced to work with little or no pay.

Detainees who refused to work as agricultural labourers or in garment and other factories were punished by being shocked with an electric baton or being held in punishment rooms for weeks or months, says a report from US based Human Rights Watch.

The report, which is based on interviews with 34 people who had been released in the previous year from 14 drug detention centres under the …
Mild Neonatal Illness Associated with Heavy Enterovirus Infection
Authors: Charles L. Jahn, James D. Cherry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

SEVERE and often fatal neonatal illness has frequently been reported in association with infections with Coxsackie B and occasionally other enteroviruses.1 2 3 4 Less emphasized but also frequently noted have been mild neonatal illnesses due to enterovirus infections.1 , 2 , 5 During the summer and fall of 1963, we had the opportunity to study a number of children who were assumed to have enterovirus infections. Among these were 2 newborn infants who had mild, nonspecific, febrile illnesses but from whom considerable amounts of virus were recovered from multiple culture sites. The clinical, virologic and serologic results of these studies are reported here.Materials and Methods . . .
SOME POINTS IN DIAGNOSIS OF PELVIC THE DIFFERENTIAL ABDOMINAL AND TUMORS.
Authors: RUFUS B. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1902)

To men who devote their lives to this special work this is a difficult problem. Even in the hands of such men positive diagnosis is not always possible before the abdomen is opened, and not always then until the tumor has been examined under the microscope. It is only fair to make this statement in the beginning as a reason for not drawing the differentiating lines very acutely. We must bear in mind that there may be exceptions to the usual rule in many of the symptoms in any given case. He who takes written notes and keeps a record of his cases for future reference will be doubly repaid for his time in his future work. No better method of informing oneself in this line of work can be suggested than the careful note-taking of every case that passes under observation. In studying the differential diagnosis of abdominal and
Lingual Lipase and Its Role in the Digestion of Dietary Lipid
Authors: Margit Hamosh, Robert O. Scow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The serous glands of rat tongue were found to contain a potent lipolytic enzyme which hydrolyzed triglyceride to mostly diglyceride and free fatty acids (FFA) at pH 4.5-5.4. Homogenates of lingual serous glands from adult rats hydrolyzed 40-70 mmol of triglyceride/g per h. The soft palate, anterior oral pharyngeal wall, and lateral oral pharyngeal glands also contained the activity, but at a much lower level. The lipolytic activity was also found in saliva collected through an esophageal cannula and in stomach contents of rats fed a fat-rich meal. The stomach contained very little activity, however, when saliva was excluded. Lipolytic activity was not found in the stomach wall or in the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The findings suggest that the lingual serous glands secrete a lipase which catalyzes in the stomach the conversion of triglyceride to partial glycerides and FFA. It is proposed that this reaction is the first step in the digestion of dietary lipid.
Cholesterol, Statins, and Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Alexei R Koudinov, Temirbolat T Berezov
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Gatz's statement, "At least half of the explanation for individual differences in susceptibility to Alzheimer disease is genetic" [1], is, in my opinion, incorrect.As the one who led the team debating Ashford and Mortimer, whose 2002 article [2] supports this statement, at the 2001 conference on Alzheimer disease (AD) in Cincinnati ("Challenging Views of Alzheimer's Disease") [3], I think that the evidence that dietary and lifestyle factors explain the majority of the individual risk for AD in the US is very strong.My original paper in 1997 [4] found that total dietary fat and energy intake were the most important dietary risk factors, while fi sh and cereal intake were the most important risk reduction factors.These fi ndings have been generally confi rmed by Drs.Luchsinger and Morris and others.The reason I did my study was that the Honolulu Heart Study reported that Japanese American men in Hawaii had 2.5 times the risk of AD of native Japanese.African-Americans have about four times the risk of AD of native Nigerians.If genetics were the primary risk factor, those living in the US would have a risk of developing AD very similar to that of individuals living in their ancestral home.The reason this is not the case is that the American diet provides too much food, which is a particular problem for those genetically predisposed to AD.
The Pekin University and its Medical Department.
Authors: Jas. E. Pilcher
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<i>To the Editor:</i>—I observe in a recent number ofThe Journala statement that a University under British tuition has been established at Pekin, China, with a medical department in working order. The Pekin University has been organized in that city for a number of years, under the direction of the Rev. Dr, L. W. Pilcher. The medical department has been in active operation for several years and is doing excellent work. This institution, however, is under American control, and the majority of its faculty are Americans.
Peri-aortofemoral Prosthesis Urinoma
Authors: Stanley Ngai, Stephen L. Stuckey
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 75-year-old woman developed renal failure 1 week after elective aortobifemoral bypass surgery. Postoperative computed tomography showed right hydronephrosis. Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycerine (MAG3) scintigraphy was performed to exclude renal obstruction or acute tubular necrosis. Planar MAG3 images demonstrated right hydronephrosis and unusual accumulation of tracer between the kidneys and the right upper quadrant of abdomen, with new areas of activity in the right lower quadrant on delayed images. SPECT/CT demonstrated MAG3 activity within fluid collections adjacent to the aorta and right iliac/inguinal arteries, consistent with a urine leak. The right upper quadrant activity represented MAG3 accumulation within the gallbladder.
Transcardiac tunneling technique for endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric fundus tumors arising from the muscularis propria
Authors: Jiaoyang Lu, Minhua Zheng, Taotao Jiao, Yanan Wang, Xuefeng Lu
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

The promising endoscopic resection techniques for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors (SMTs) are challenged when performed in the gastric fundus. Here, we report on the development of a transcardiac endoscopic tunneling technique (TCTT) for the resection of tumors in this area. A total of 18 patients with gastric fundus SMTs arising from the muscularis propria on endoscopic ultrasound underwent TCTT. The procedure involved the excavation of a submucosal tunnel from the esophagus, through the cardia, to the gastric SMT for resection. The tunnel was closed by clips after retrieval of the tumor. The mean tumor size was 2.1 cm (range 0.8 – 5.0 cm). The mean procedure time was 75.1 minutes (range 40 – 100 minutes). Complete resection was achieved in all cases. Iatrogenic perforation occurred in one case. This and one other patient developed mild pneumoperitoneum on the day after the procedure; symptoms resolved under conservative management. No patient developed gastrointestinal leakage, delayed bleeding, or secondary infection. Therefore, in this pilot study, TCTT provided a definitive histological diagnosis as well as a feasible, safe, and easy therapeutic approach for gastric fundus SMTs arising from muscularis propria in the circular area within 8 cm below the cardia.
Morbidity from T.A.B.T. Inoculation in R.A.F. Recruits
Authors: J. D. E. Knox, W. P. Stamm
Journal: BMJ (1957)

GONADAL DYSGENESISMEDICHJON after a time in any event, but the oestrogen dosage may be halved or temporarily abandoned if desired.The further addition of progesterone does not appear to have any value in the treatment of gonadal dysgenesis.Conclusions and Summary A series of 27 patients with gonadal dysgenesis is presented.The absence of raised levels of urinary gonadotrophin excretion in this syndrome is shown to be a not uncommon finding.Cortisone was found not to reduce high excretions of gonadotrophin when these were present.Attention is drawn to the comparatively infrequent occurrence of the classical congenital anomalies of " Turner's syndrome."Scepticism is expressed about the existence of cubitus valgus.Several patients in this series had good breast development when they were first seen.Biopsy in one untreated patient showed the breasts to consist of fat only.Tests of adrenocortical function displayed no impairment-even where sex hair was deficient.This tends to refute the view that the adrenal cortex alone governs axillary hair growth.Three cases are described in which moderate-to-severe osteoporosis occurred.This finding is discussed.The presence of "ovarian stroma" and developing follicles on-histological examination of the gonadal streaks is considered in relation to nuclear sexing of these patients.The anomalous finding of clitoral en- largement in " genetic " females is mentioned.Refer- ence is made to patients who claim to have menstruated and to " normal-looking females" with gonadal dysgenesis.The diagnosis of gonadal dysgenesis is discussed with particular reference to nuclear sexing.It is pointed out that this syndrome is probably the most common cause of primary .amenorrhoea-whatever the appearance of the patient.The treatment of gonadal dysgenesis is outlined.
Effect of diltiazem on symptomatic and asymptomatic episodes of ST segment depression occurring during daily life and during exercise.
Authors: P Théroux, M Baird, M Juneau, W Warnica, P Klinke, W Kostuk, P Pflugfelder, E Lavallée, C Chin, E Dempsey
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Silent myocardial ischemia is an adverse prognostic marker in patients with coronary disease; however, controlled data on the effect of treatment are sparse and contradictory, and the relations among the occurrence of ST segment depression, drug efficacy, and heart rate are unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty patients with stable coronary artery disease, a positive treadmill exercise test and asymptomatic ST segment depression on ambulatory electrocardiographic recording were assessed in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Treadmill exercise tests and 72-hour electrocardiographic recordings were obtained at the end of two 2-week treatment periods with sustained-release diltiazem 180 mg b.i.d. or equivalent placebo. Episodes of asymptomatic ST depression decreased by 50% or more in 70% of the patients from a median number of 4.5 (range, 0-19) to 1.5 (range, 0-13) (p = 0.0001); their cumulative duration also decreased from 78.5 (range, 0-60) to 24.5 (range, 0-411) minutes (p = 0.001). No circadian variation was found in the efficacy of diltiazem. The occurrence of ischemic type ST segment depression was modulated by changes in heart rate rather than by absolute heart rate. Diltiazem also improved exercise test end points but to a lesser extent. Time to ST segment depression increased to 341 +/- 148 from 296 +/- 154 seconds (p = 0.005). Although less frequent with diltiazem administration (45 versus 54 patients, p less than 0.03), exercise-induced ST depression was more often asymptomatic (98% versus 72% of patients, p less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Diltiazem reduces the frequency and severity of ischemic type ST depression in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
Diagnostic value and utility of the simplified International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) criteria in acute and chronic liver disease
Authors: Andrew D. Yeoman, Rachel H. Westbrook, Thawab Al‐Chalabi, Ivana Carey, Nigel D. Heaton, Bernard C. Portmann, Michael A. Heneghan
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Diagnostic criteria for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have been created and revised by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG). Simplified criteria have been created, but remain independently unvalidated. We report on the diagnostic accuracy of the simplified criteria in patients across a range of diagnoses, including a subset of patients presenting with fulminant liver failure who required liver transplant. Patients with AIH and non-AIH etiologies of liver disease were identified from dedicated patient databases. Parameters relevant to the simplified and 1999 IAIHG criteria were recorded, and sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for scores of >or=6 (probable AIH) and >or=7 (definite AIH) were calculated. A total of 549 patients with chronic liver disease were evaluated, (221 with AIH, 26 with variant syndromes, and 302 with non-AIH). For scores >or=6, sensitivity was 90%, and specificity was 98% with positive and negative predictive values of 97% and 92%, respectively. For scores >or=7; sensitivity was 70%, and specificity was 100% with positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 74%, respectively. Seven false positive diagnoses of AIH occurred, all with simplified scores of 6. Concordance with 1999 criteria was 90% for probable and 61% for definite AIH. The frequency of an overall diagnosis of AIH (probable or definite AIH) among the 70 patients with fulminant liver failure was 24% for simplified criteria and 40% for 1999 criteria, respectively.The simplified criteria retain high specificity but exhibit lower sensitivity for scores of >or=7. The explanations for this are unclear but may relate to loss of such discriminating information as response to corticosteroids. Prospective evaluation of these criteria is required to corroborate these observations.
Evidence from a nonrandomized study that coronary surgery prolongs survival in patients with two-vessel coronary disease.
Authors: K E Hammermeister, T A DeRouen, H T Dodge
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Within the larger Seattle Heart Watch arteriography registry, surgically treated patients non randomly selected for direct myocardial revascularization were matched to medically treated patients such that each of the 287 pairs was identical in seven variables (ejection fraction, ventricular arrhythmia on resting electrocardiogram, age, heart murmur, stenosis of left main coronary artery greater than or equal to 50%, number of vessels with stenosis greater than or equal to 70%, and use of diuretics) previously demonstrated to be independently predictive of survival. Actuarial survival analyses based on cardiovascular deaths (average follow-up 3.5 years) indicate improved survival for the entire surgical matched pair cohort (p = 0.008) and for the surgically treated subgroup with two-vessel disease (p = 0.0002) when compared to the medical cohort. These results were confirmed by examination of the entire arteriography registry (n = 1524) in which these seven variables were known, using Cox's model for survival analysis. This multivariate, statistical technique indicated that the surgical mode of therapy was significantly predictive of improved survival in surgically treated patients for the entire registry (p = 0.008) and for the subgroup with two-vessel disease (p = 0.0005).
Common variants on 9q22.33 and 14q13.3 predispose to thyroid cancer in European populations
Authors: Julius Gudmundsson, Patrick Sulem, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Jon G Jonasson, Asgeir Sigurdsson, Jon T Bergthorsson, Huiling He, Thorarinn Blondal, Frank Geller, Margret Jakobsdottir, Droplaug N Magnusdottir, Sigurborg Matthiasdottir, Simon N Stacey, Oskar B Skarphedinsson, Hafdis Helgadottir, Wei Li, Rebecca Nagy, Esperanza Aguillo, Eduardo Faure, Enrique Prats, Berta Saez, Mariano Martinez, Gudmundur I Eyjolfsson, Unnur S Bjornsdottir, Hilma Holm, Kristleifur Kristjansson, Michael L Frigge, Hoskuldur Kristvinsson, Jeffrey R Gulcher, Thorvaldur Jonsson, Thorunn Rafnar, Hannes Hjartarsson, Jose I Mayordomo, Albert de la Chapelle, Jon Hrafnkelsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Augustine Kong, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Disordered small intestinal motility: a rational basis for toddlers' diarrhoea.
Authors: T R Fenton, J T Harries, P J Milla
Journal: Gut (1983)

Toddler diarrhoea is the commonest cause of chronic diarrhoea without failure to thrive in childhood, but its pathogenesis remains obscure. We have studied upper small intestinal motility in three groups of children (control group 1 - children with no intestinal pathology undergoing duodenal intubation, n = 6; control group 2 - children with gastrointestinal pathology other than toddler diarrhoea, n = 11; control group 3 - children with toddler diarrhoea, n = 8). We studied fasting motor patterns and the response of the migrating motor complex to intravenous cholecystokinin and an intraduodenal bolus of 5% dextrose. The characteristics of the migrating motor complex in the three groups did not differ but their response to dextrose did. Intraduodenal dextrose disrupted the migrating motor complex in four out of four children in group 1; seven out of nine children in group 2; and nil of eight children with toddler diarrhoea in group 3. We suggest that this failure of intestinal motor response may play a major role in the pathogenesis of the diarrhoea in this condition.