tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Retracted: Hyaluronan Activation of the Nlrp3 Inflammasome Contributes to the Development of Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Feifei Feng, Zhuowei Li, Erin N. Potts-Kant, Yiming Wu, W. Michael Foster, Kristi L. Williams, John W. Hollingsworth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

The role of the Nlrp3 inflammasome in nonallergic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) has not previously been reported. Recent evidence supports both interleukin (IL) 1β and short fragments of hyaluronan (HA) as contributors to the biological response to inhaled ozone.Because extracellular secretion of IL-1β requires activation of the inflammasome, we investigated the role of the inflammasome proteins ASC, caspase1, and Nlrp3 in the biological response to ozone and HA.C57BL/6J wild-type mice and mice deficient in ASC, caspase1, or Nlrp3 were exposed to ozone (1 ppm for 3 hr) or HA followed by analysis of airway resistance, cellular inflammation, and total protein and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Transcription levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were determined in two populations of lung macrophages. In addition, we examined levels of cleaved caspase1 and cleaved IL-1β as markers of inflammasome activation in isolated alveolar macrophages harvested from BALF from HA-treated mice.We observed that genes of the Nlrp3 inflammasome were required for development of AHR following exposure to either ozone or HA fragments. These genes are partially required for the cellular inflammatory response to ozone. The expression of IL-1β mRNA in alveolar macrophages was up-regulated after either ozone or HA challenge and was not dependent on the Nlrp3 inflammasome. However, soluble levels of IL-1β protein were dependent on the inflammasome after challenge with either ozone or HA. HA challenge resulted in cleavage of macrophage-derived caspase1 and IL-1β, suggesting a role for alveolar macrophages in Nlrp3-dependent AHR.The Nlrp3 inflammasome is required for the development of ozone-induced reactive airways disease.
Abstract 5715: Modulation of Radiation Response after TGFβ signaling Blockade in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Shisuo Du, Fanny Bouquet, Ilenia Pellicciotta, Renate Parry, Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and deadliest malignancies worldwide. Radiotherapy (RT) is a major therapeutic modality for inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There is substantial evidence that ionizing radiation triggers activation of TGFβ especially in lung, breast and liver tumor. TGFβ inhibition prior to IR inhibits the DNA damage response in epithelial cells via blockade of ATM kinase activity (Cancer Res 62:5627, 2002; Cancer Res 66:10861, 2006) and sensitizes radiation responses in breast cancer cell lines and tumors (Clin Cancer Res 2011;17:6754-6765.). The current studies test whether TGFβ blockade prior to irradiation modulates radiation response of NSCLC cell lines, NCI-H1299, NCI-H292, H460 and Lewis Lung Cancer (LLC), assessed in vitro and in vivo. All NSCLC cell lines responded to TGFβ by phosphorylation of Smad2, which was blocked by LY364947, a small molecule TGFβ type 1 receptor inhibitor. NCI-H1299 and LLC were insensitive to TGFβ growth inhibition in vitro. LY364947 increased radiosensitivity in NCI-H1299 and H460 in clonogenic assays. Consistent with increased clonogenic cell death, TGFβ inhibition also compromised radiation-induced phosphorylation of H2AX and ATM in NCI-H1299. Treatment of cultured LLC cells with either small molecule TGFβ type 1 receptor inhibitor or TGFβ neutralizing antibody, 1D11, significantly increased LLC radiosensitivity as measured by clonogenic assay. Furthermore, C57BL mice bearing subcutaneous LLC tumors treated before and after RT with 1D11 or 13C4 isotype control antibody (20 mg/kg i.p.) resulted in greater tumor growth delay compared to RT and control antibody. Together, these data indicate that TGFβ inhibition prior to radiation attenuates DNA damage responses, enhances clonogenic cell killing, and promotes tumor growth delay. Given the recognized role of radiation-induced TGFβ in lung fibrosis, the therapeutic index for RT could be significantly increased if circumstances are defined in which TGFβ inhibition during RT both enhances lung cancer radiosensitivity and protects normal lung. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5715. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5715
THE ETIOLOGY OF ACTINOMYCOSIS THE PRESENCE OF ACTINOMYCETES IN THE CONTENTS OF CARIOUS TEETH AND THE TONSILLAR CRYPTS OF PATIENTS WITHOUT ACTINOMYCOSIS
Authors: FREDERICK T. LORD
Journal: JAMA (1910)

As I have noted in a previous publication on the etiology of actinomycosis,<sup>1</sup>the failure of true actinomycetes to grow at other than body temperature, the lack of any convincing evidence that actinomycosis is a contagious disease and the prevailing location of the affection about the jaws and neck suggest that infection arises from within the individual and probably from the mouth. As a result of the investigation of material from the teeth, it was shown that organisms having the morphology and staining reaction of actinomycetes could be constantly demonstrated in smear preparations (eleven cases) and in serial sections (five cases) of the contents of carious teeth in patients without actinomycosis. They are so abundant as to suggest that they play a fundamental part in dental caries. The intraperitoneal inoculation of guinea-pigs with material from carious teeth gave rise to omental tumors histologically identical with actinomycotic tissue and containing typical club-bearing
Recent use of ipratropium bromide increased risk for cardiovascular events in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Matthew B. Stanbrook
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source CitationOgale SS, Lee TA, Au DH, Boudreau DM, Sullivan SD. Cardiovascular events associated with ipratropium bromide in COPD. Chest. 2010;137:13-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19363211/AbstractClinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Hospitalists: Cardiology: Pulmonology:
Varying Carbohydrate Intake in NIDDM-Reply
Authors: Abhimanyu Garg
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Ratner and Smith-Ratner refer to the use of high-fat diets before the discovery of insulin and a few decades afterward. Although Newburgh and MacKinnon noted no increase in plasma cholesterol levels with these extremely fat-rich (60% to 80% of energy) diets particularly rich in saturated fats, this primarily was because of reducing energy intake. Since the 1960s it has become well known that saturated fats,<i>trans</i>fats, and cholesterol raise plasma cholesterol levels. Therefore, foods such as cream, butter, eggs, and bacon, which are rich in saturated fats and cholesterol, should be restricted. We used a diet with 45% of energy from fat, not 60% as suggested by Drs Ratner and Smith-Ratner. Diets extremely rich in fats (≥60% of energy) can be ketogenic and thus should be avoided. In our opinion, a diet with 35% to 45% of energy from fat (mostly monounsaturated fats) is more appropriate.
Intra-abdominal Fire Due to Insufflating Oxygen Instead of Carbon Dioxide During Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Giovanni B. Di Pierro, Ivo Besmer, Lukas J. Hefermehl, Josef Beatrice, Hansjörg Danuser, Jonas Beutler, Agostino Mattei
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Prosthetic Aortic Stenosis
Authors: RONALD P. SENINGEN, BERNADINE H. BULKLEY, WILLIAM C. ROBERTS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

A cause of early death after aortic valve replacement with a caged-ball prosthesis is obstruction to left ventricular outflow because the prosthesis is too large for the aortic root. Of 68 patients dying within two months of aortic valve replacement, death in ten, each of whom had had intractable low cardiac output after operation, was attributed at necropsy to prosthetic aortic stenosis, despite the use of small sized (8A Starr-Edwards) prostheses in seven of them. The diameters of the aorta at the sinotubular junction, determined from the preoperative cineangiograms, in the seven patients with prosthetic stenosis were &lt; 30 mm in all. Poppet clearances, defined as the differences between poppet and aortic root diameters, ranged from 4 to 12 mm (avg. 9). In contrast, the diameters of the aortas at the sinotubular junctions in eight control patients (unobstructed prosthetic aortic valves and early death from other causes) were &gt; 30 in all but one, and the poppet clearances ranged from 12 to 19 mm (avg. 15). Thus, prosthetic aortic stenosis is likely to develop after aortic valve replacement with rigid-framed caged ball valves if the preoperative aortograms disclose aortic diameters at the sinotubular junctions to be &lt; 30 mm. In such patients, either the aorta must be widened for a caged-ball prosthesis or a central flow valve must be used.
Commissurotomy for Mitral Stenosis
Authors: ROBERT P. GLOVER, THOMAS J. E. O'NEILL, CHARLES P. BAILEY
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The term "mitral commissurotomy" has been suggested to designate a procedure in which the individual anatomic leaflets of the stenotic mitral valve are surgically separated. By incising the angles or commissures of the mitral slit ("fish-mouth") a considerable degree of valve function can be re-established without the production of additional significant regurgitation. Commissurotomy, as described below, was performed in 8 cases of advanced mitral stenosis. Results in 5 were most satisfactory. There were three deaths early in our experience during the period when our technic was being perfected. (Noted in addendum are 22 cases undergoing the operation since this article was submitted for publication, and bringing the total series to 30.)
Current Psychiatric Therapies
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Among the many books which purport to keep the reader up to date and to cope with the information explosion, one of the more satisfactory is this, the seventh in an annual series. The contributors, carefully selected to represent many points of view and different approaches to treatment, wrote succinct accounts of their own work for this book, which is therefore not merely a compilation of papers published elsewhere. The editor must have exerted firm pressure, since all the papers, despite the individual style, are direct, to the point, free of jargon, with a minimum of theoretical discussion, and omission of the usual rehash of the literature. Each has a short relevant bibliography.  Each chapter describes a recent experiment in treating some psychotic problem. A school program for disturbed children, art therapy, genetic counseling, hypnosis combined with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to treat narcotic addicts, several types of group therapy,
Gene Variant Confers Risk of Diabetes
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Meningitis in Wales
Authors: N. Begg, S. Gregor
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Meningococcal infection is a frightening disease for doctors and parents alike. Symptoms can evolve rapidly, and, despite improvements in antibiotic treatment and intensive care, about 10% of patients still die, sometimes within hours of onset. Over 200 people die from acute meningococcal infection in Britain every year; it is now the single most common infectious cause of death in children.

These are some of the factors that make meningococcal infection such a high profile issue with the media. In general, public health risks that seem to strike suddenly and unpredictably are triggers for intense media interest, particularly when the rapid progression of the infection and the need for early diagnosis and treatment increase the sense of vulnerability. It is therefore not surprising that the recent outbreak in Pontypridd, south Wales, captured the media's attention. The story was further fuelled by a political dimension, with the announcement last week in …
HUMAN T-CELL LEUKAEMIA/LYMPHOMA VIRUS-ASSOCIATED LYMPHORETICULAR NEOPLASIA IN JAMAICA
Authors: WilliamA Blattner, Carl Saxinger, Jeffrey Clark, Barrie Hanchard, W.Nigel Gibbs, Marjorie Robert-Guroff, Wycliffe Lofters, Marie Campbell, RobertC Gallo
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Fiberduodenoscope: Direct Observation of the Papilla of Vater
Authors: I. Oi, T. Takemoto, T. Kondo
Journal: Endoscopy (1969)

Although previous gastroscopes have been called gastroduodenoscopes, most endoscopists have had little success in visualizing even the duodenal bulb. We made a new instrument, fiberduodenoscope (made by Machida), in order to observe the duodenum, especially the papilla of Vater. With this fiberduodenoscope it is now possible to regularly view the duodenal bulb and first portion and frequently the second and third portions, including the papilla of Vater. Duodenal ulcer, polyp, diverticulum as well as cancer of the papilla can be diagnosed endoscopically. In addition, we have cannulated the papilla of Vater and injected the pancreatic duct with radio-contrast material.
Combination therapy of hepatitis B
Authors: E DOO
Journal: Gut (2000)

See article on page 562 

There are now two licensed therapies for chronic hepatitis B: interferon α and lamivudine. Interferon α was first shown to have activity against hepatitis B in 1976,1 but was not formally approved for use in chronic hepatitis B until 1992. The currently recommended regimen for interferon is 5 million units (mu) given daily or 10 mu given three times a week by subcutaneous (sc) injection for four to six months. This regimen results in long term beneficial responses in roughly 33% of patients.2 3 

Lamivudine was first shown to have activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 19924 and was approved for use in chronic hepatitis B in 1998. The currently recommended regimen for lamivudine is 100 mg given daily by mouth for one year. This regimen results in beneficial responses in 16–20% of patients with typical chronic hepatitis B.5-7 

Thus, there are now two choices for therapy. Which should be used? Which should be used first? Should the second be tried if the first fails? What about combining the two? These are simple questions, but they do not have simple answers.

In this issue (see page 562), Schalm and collaborators report results of a large, multinational, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of lamivudine, interferon α and the combination of both in 230 patients with typical chronic hepatitis B. This trial was one of the largest studies ever conducted in hepatitis B and was large enough to have answered the questions posed above, at least in part. In the study, 18% of patients receiving lamivudine alone, 19% receiving interferon …
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: William G. Eggleston
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read with much interest the discussion in regard to removingThe Journalto Washington. The scheme—for it is a scheme—is not a new one; I know that certain medical politicians have had it in view since 1886. The chief idea in view has not yet been brought out in the discussion, and perhaps it is just as well to delay the exposure of it until the next meeting, in May. But as yet no one has put forward a single substantial argument in favor of removal. The most frequently reiterated argument is that asThe Journalis a national journal it should be published at the Capital of the Nation. This is well enough for Fourth-of-July talk, but it lacks a commonsense basis; it is silly, and its silliness has not even the doubtful merit of sentimentality. One may ask, why is none of the
Treatment of Metastatic Hypernephroma
Authors: Robert W. Talley
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Metastatic hypernephroma has been notoriously resistant to control by conventional methods of therapy. A review of 72 patients treated by various methods revealed that patients in whom metastases recurred 18 months or longer after initial diagnosis had a median survival of almost 15 months; those patients in whom metastases recurred less than 18 months after diagnosis had a median survival of about 8 months. Treatment with radiation therapy frequently palliated symptoms produced by local metastases, but did not alter survival patterns. Excision of single metastatic deposits was associated with increased survival in three of four patients with pulmonary metastases and in two of three patients with thyroid metastases. Systemic chemotherapy was generally unrewarding. However, two excellent objective regressions were observed in 16 patients treated with progestational agents.
Conference addresses the impact of war on health
Authors: S. Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The deadliest effects of war are often impoverishment and disease, rather than bullets and bombs, a conference at the Royal Society of Medicine was told last week.

“In many war zones, violent deaths are often only a tiny proportion of overall deaths,” Egbert Sondorp, of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, told delegates. “Populations face a deterioration of their already poor health status, and excess deaths from infectious diseases will usually outnumber deaths due to direct violence.”

Highlighting a recent survey from eastern Congo, he noted that “of an excess mortality of 2.5 million, only 350 000 were because of direct violence; most died from malnutrition and disease.”

He called for urgent research to inform a coherent approach to complex emergencies—an approach based on health policy one that targets the main killers. “Such evidence may convince agencies to reorient their …
Hospital Policies on HIV Antibody Testing
Authors: Theodore C. Eickhoff
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Elsewhere in this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, Henry et al<sup>1</sup>report the results of a survey of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing practices and policies in hospitals in Minnesota and in infectious disease—teaching hospitals throughout the United States. The great diversity of findings in both US infectious disease—teaching hospitals and in Minnesota hospitals should come as no surprise, considering the legal, ethical, sociological, and emotional issues that surround HIV antibody testing. The results obtained in Minnesota could surely be replicated in many, if not most, other states. See also p 1819. A national consensus seems to be growing gradually within the medical literature on the elements of a rational policy that would serve the needs of US hospitals and their patients. Although there are many sources to draw from, the ethical framework proposed by Bayer et al,<sup>2</sup>the recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control,<sup>3</sup>and
1116. Gene Transfert of SERCA2a Inhibits Smooth Muscle Proliferation and Reduce Neointima Formation after Balloon Injury in the Rat
Authors: Larissa Lipskaia, Federica Del Monte, Roger J. Hajjar, Anne-Marie Lompre
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is associated with major alterations in SR Ca2+ handling and loss of SERCA 2a. We have restored SERCA 2a expression by adenoviral gene transfer in a model of neointima formation induced by balloon injury of the left carotid artery of the rat using a 2F Fogarty catheter. The effect of gene delivery was evaluated after 2 weeks with morphometry and immunohistochemical staining. There was no significant difference in the thickness of the media between groups. The intima/media ratio was significantly lower in SERCA 2a infected than in injured non-infected (0.29 |[plusmn]| 0.043, n=5 vs 0.85 |[plusmn]| 0.179, n=5 p< 0.05) carotids, and was comparable to that observed in control carotids (0.196 |[plusmn]| 0.025, n=11, NS). The SERCA 2a-infected carotids displayed a differentiated phenotype. The pathways leading to inhibition of proliferation was analysed in rat aortic VSMC cultured in presence of serum. Forced expression of SERCA 2a was sufficient to arrest proliferation at the G1 phase. SERCA 2a expression resulted in inactivation of calcineurin. The transcriptional activity of its target, NFAT was greatly reduced in SERCA 2a-expressing cells. Furthermore, SERCA 2a increased pCREB transcriptional activity and expression of its target p21Waf1/Cip1 without any changes in p27 KIP.
An Unusual Case of Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Dysfunction
Authors: P MONAGHAN, H VAN der WALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A 4-year-old boy, who had had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt inserted for treatment of hydrocephalus as a neonate, presented with signs of raised intracranial pressure. CT scanning of the head revealed dilated lateral cerebral ventricles. Tc-99m DTPA imaging was performed to evaluate shunt fraction. This study showed division of the shunt tubing at the level of the neck and delayed transit through this site. Surgical exploration of the neck confirmed the division of the tubing and revealed a fibrous channel acting as a pseudoshunt between the divided ends. This channel had permitted the passage, albeit inadequate, of cerebrospinal fluid.
Impact of Repeat Myocardial Revascularization on Outcome in Patients With Silent Ischemia After Previous Revascularization
Authors: Nael Aldweib, Kazuaki Negishi, Rory Hachamovitch, Wael A. Jaber, Sinziana Seicean, Thomas H. Marwick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Differences in heart rate turbulence between patients with coronary artery disease and patients with complex ventricular arrhythmias but structurally normal heart
Authors: Alfonso Sestito, Sergio Valsecchi, Monica De Filippis, Gianluigi Bencardino, Fulvio Bellocci, Gaetano A. Lanza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
John Wynne Pugh: a medical saga.
Authors: H Himsworth
Journal: BMJ (1976)

John Pugh died on 21 June 1976, 40 years, all but one month, after developing Addison's disease.Save for the first three years of this period, he lived a full life both socially and professionally.He developed his illness at a time when the treatment of this disease was in the research stage, so his history is something of a medical saga which his family feel should be put on record if only, as he himself would have wished, to encourage the others. Early careerJohn Wynne Pugh (inadvertently named Jack, owing to an unfortunate slip of the tongue by his father
Early controlled clinical trials
Authors: P D'A. Hart
Journal: BMJ (1996)

findings can be applied to female genital mutilation occurring in a totally different cultural setting.Finally, as paediatricians we condemn male circumcision; we were putting it into the context of the more extensive operations in females.It is now more than 46 years since Gairdner, in a classic paper, demolished the case for routine male circumcision.'