tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Beyond Depression: A New Approach to Understanding and Management
Authors: Iona Heath
Journal: BMJ (2005)

O pening my review copy of this book I was amazed to find my name in the acknowledgments and myself immediately encumbered with an obvious conflict of interest. It is a generous acknowledgment as my only contribution was a peripatetic meeting with the author that combined a conversation about life, the universe, and everything with demonstrating against the presence of President Bush in London in November 2003.

At a time when many well meaning, but surely misguided, people are pushing for financial incentives to be offered for the medical management of depression within the UK general practitioner contract, this is a book that is both brave and timely.

The World …
Broadly Neutralizing Anti-HIV Antibody 4E10 Recognizes a Helical Conformation of a Highly Conserved Fusion-Associated Motif in gp41
Authors: Rosa M.F. Cardoso, Michael B. Zwick, Robyn L. Stanfield, Renate Kunert, James M. Binley, Hermann Katinger, Dennis R. Burton, Ian A. Wilson
Journal: Immunity (2005)
A 47-Year-Old Man With Chronic Depression, 1 Year Later
Authors: Thomas L. Delbanco
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In October 1995, at Psychiatry Grand Rounds, Dr Frederick Goodwin discussed a 47-year-old man with long-standing depression, treated with several courses of psychotherapy and short courses of a number of antidepressant medications without much success.<sup>1</sup>The patient's care was further complicated by obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. Dr Goodwin highlighted the role of the primary care doctor in managing mild to moderate depression, proposing a coordinated, sequential approach that integrates psychotherapy and pharmacological therapy. He advocated the use of short-term cognitive and behavioral techniques, coupled with medications used singly or in combination. <h3>Mr N, THE PATIENT:</h3> Looking back over the past months, in some respects I have been almost totally nonfunctional and denying many things, while in other parts of my life I have been fine. For everything, with all my juggling, there has just been too little time, and now the bills are piling up. But it basically
Giant Left Atrium
Authors: Garrick C Stewart, Anju Nohria
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

An 83-year-old woman with long-standing atrial fibrillation who had previously undergone atrioventricular nodal ablation and pacemaker placement presented with symptoms of progressive heart failure. Physical examination was notable for elevated jugular venous pressure, precordial lift, a grade 2/6 holosystolic murmur at the sternal border and apex, hepatomegaly, ascites, and severe lower-extremity edema. Laboratory evaluation revealed a creatinine level of 1.4 mg per deciliter (124 μmol per liter), an albumin level of 3.6 g per deciliter, and a brain natriuretic peptide level of 526 pg per milliliter (normal range, 0 to 100 pg per milliliter); liver function was normal. Chest radiography . . .
Itch unrelated to adequacy of haemodialysis
Authors: A.J. CARMICHAEL, MARY LMCHUGH, A.M. MARTIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Itch unrelated to adequacy of haemodialysis Get access A.J. CARMICHAEL, A.J. CARMICHAEL Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF4 4XW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MARY LMCHUGH, MARY LMCHUGH Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF4 4XW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M. MARTIN A.M. MARTIN Department of Renal Medicine, The Royal Infirmary, Sunderland SR2 7JE, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue 1, 1 January 1992, Page 95, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08420.x Published: 01 January 1992
A mouse orthologue of puromycin-insensitive leucyl-specific aminopeptidase is expressed in endothelial cells and plays an important role in angiogenesis
Authors: Hiroki Miyashita, Tohru Yamazaki, Tetsuya Akada, Osamu Niizeki, Minetaro Ogawa, Shin-ichi Nishikawa, Yasufumi Sato
Journal: Blood (2002)
Disturbed Facial Affect Recognition in Patients With Schizophrenia Associated With Hypoactivity in Distributed Brain Regions: A Magnetoencephalographic Study
Authors: Marcus Streit, Andreas Ioannides, Thorsten Sinnemann, Wolfgang Wölwer, Jürgen Dammers, Karl Zilles, Wolfgang Gaebel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to identify brain mechanisms underlying the well-documented facial affect recognition deficit in patients with schizophrenia. Since this deficit is stable over the course of the illness and relatively specific for schizophrenic disorders, it was expected that knowledge about the related brain mechanisms would provide substantial information about the pathophysiology of the illness. METHOD: Fifteen partly remitted schizophrenic inpatients and 12 healthy volunteers categorized facial expressions of emotion and performed two control tasks while magnetoencephalographic recordings were done by means of a 148-channel whole head system, which revealed foci of high cerebral activity and their evolution in time. Anatomical sites were defined through coregistrated magnetic resonance images. RESULTS: The magnetoencephalography data recorded in response to facial expressions of emotion revealed that patients generated weaker activations (primary current density) in inferior prefrontal, temporal, occipital, and inferior parietal areas at circumscribed latencies. Group differences did not occur in basic visual areas during a first sensory-related activation between 60 and 120 msec. Behavioral performance was associated with strength of activation in inferior prefrontal areas, the right posterior fusiform gyrus region, right anterior temporal cortex, and the right inferior parietal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Disturbed facial affect recognition in schizophrenic patients might be a result of hypoactivity in distributed brain regions, some of them previously related to the pathophysiology of schizophrenic disorders. These regions are probably working within a spatially and temporally defined circuitry.
THE NATURE OF COLICIN K FROM PROTEUS MIRABILIS
Authors: Margeris A. Jesaitis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

The colicinogenic factor K has been transferred from E. coli K 235 to Proteus mirabilis. The DNA of the colicinogenic Proteus has been shown to contain a small amount of a satellite DNA which presumably harbors the Col K factor. In the presence of mitomycin C the colicinogenic Proteus secretes colicin K into the growth medium. The bacteriocin has been purified by chromatography and obtained as an immunologically homogeneous substance unconjugated with other antigens of the Proteus bacillus. Proteus colicin K is a protein of relatively low molecular weight. It contains all of the usual amino acids except cysteine and is free of lipids and polysaccharides. The bacteriocin can be separated by electrofocusing into two major components. The latter have the same biological properties but differ in their specific electrical charges.
Activities of aminotransferases after treatment with streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: A C Maclennan, N Ahmad, J R Lawrence
Journal: BMJ (1990)

been reported cytologically as non-neoplastic the cyto- logical specimens were reviewed.In one case from the first year of the study a retrospective cytological diagnosis of papillary carcinoma was made, but in all other cases there were no cytological features suggesting neoplasia, although in two cases the specimens would now be classed as unsatisfactory.Aspiration cytology is an adjunct to the management of thyroid swellings but is not a definitive diagnostic test and, in particular, negative results do not exclude neoplastic disease.Definition of an optimum management policy depends on further study, which should include the financial and psychological implications of repeated clinic attendances and of repeated aspiration, which may culminate in delayed surgical treatment.
Number of moles could predict breast cancer risk
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The number of cutaneous nevi (moles) women have could be a marker for breast cancer risk, a large prospective cohort study has found.1 The research, reported in the journal PLoS Medicine, found a significant positive association between the number of cutaneous nevi and the incidence of invasive breast cancer, independent of other known risk factors for breast cancer.

Nearly 75 000 participants in the Nurses’ Health Study reported how many nevi larger than 3 mm they had on their left arm at an initial assessment in 1986. Over the next 24 years 5483 invasive breast cancers were diagnosed in the cohort. Among women with …
Abstract 3358: Immunohistochemical features of stem cell transcription factors on colorectal carcinoma and adenoma in familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Koji Tanaka, Yuhki Morimoto, Yuji Toiyama, Hiromi Yasuda, Susumu Saigusa, Takeshi Yokoe, Toshimitsu Araki, Yasuhiro Inoue, Chikao Miki, Masato Kusunoki
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The pathogenesis of colorectal cancer in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) has been studied genetically. Recently, intestinal stem cell (ISC) or cancer stem cell (CSC) is being focused on colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the immunohistochemical features of stem cell transcription factors on colorectal adenocarcinomas, adenomataous polyps, and normal crypts in patients with FAP. Methods: Lgr5 as an ISC marker, CD133 and CD44 as CSC markers, and NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 as embryonic stem cell transcription factors were evaluated immunohistochemically. Matched specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma, adenomatous polyps, and adjacent normal crypts were obtained from individual FAP patients (n=4), to clarify the association between stepwise progression from normal crypt to adenomatous polyp to adenocarcinoma and expression of stem cell transcription factors. Results: Lgr5, NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 were mainly located in cytoplasm of cancerous and adenomatous cells. CD133 showed cytoplasmic or intraluminal membranous staining in cancerous and adenomatous cells. Immunoreactive CD44 protein was present in cell membrane or cytoplasm of cancerous and adenomatous cells. Immunoreactive positivity and intensity was greater in colorectal adenocarcinomas than in adenomatous polyps, except for NANOG. Adjacent normal crypts showed negative or weak staining of all markers. CD133, CD44, Lgr5, OCT4, and SOX2 were strongly expressed on cancerous cells at the advancing front of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: ISC or CSC may be associated with colorectal carcinogenesis of FAP. Stem cell transcription factors may be involved in tumor invasion of colorectal adenocarcinoma in FAP patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3358.
10-minute consultation: Menorrhagia
Authors: S. Hope
Journal: BMJ (2000)

This is the first in an occasional series of articles on common problems in primary care A woman comes to see you having been rejected at a blood donor session because of a haemoglobin concentration of 90 g/l. She has happily used a contraceptive diaphragm for the past 20 years. She has two children and has been feeling tired and grumpy. Medical treatment of menorrhagia, adapted with permission from The Initial Management of Menorrhagia—Evidence Based Clinical Guidelines (see box)
Disclosure of competing interests
Authors: J. M Drazen, M. B V. D. Weyden, P. Sahni, J. Rosenberg, A. Marusic, C. Laine, S. Kotzin, R. Horton, P. C Hebert, C. Haug, F. Godlee, F. A Frizelle, P. W d. Leeuw, C. D DeAngelis
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A new standardised format that all journals could use

Disclosure of financial associations of authors of articles published in biomedical journals has become common practice. The information provided in these disclosures helps the reader to understand the relationships between the authors and various commercial entities that may have an interest in the information reported in the published article. At present, many journals ask authors to report such relationships by completing a form with information about their financial associations. The journals then either post the complete information online or create a summary of the information and publish it with the article in question. Although efforts are under way to establish uniform reporting systems, there is currently no uniform vehicle for the disclosure of financial associations. Thus authors may provide similar information to different journals in multiple formats. In addition, slight differences among journals in requirements for reporting can lead to confusion, because the same individual may report different information to different journals. With this …
Abstract P4-02-14: Tailoring Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: A CYP2D6 Multiple-Genotype-Based Modeling Analysis and a Validation
Authors: K-D Yu, Z-M Shao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose Previous studies have suggested that postmenopausal breast cancer women with wild-type CYP2D6 might actually have similar or superior recurrence free survival outcomes when they take tamoxifen rather than an aromatase inhibitor (AI). The present study established a CYP2D6 multiple-genotype-based model to determine the optimal endocrine therapy for patients harboring wild-type CYP2D6. Methods We created a Markov model to determine whether tamoxifen or AIs maximized 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) for extensive-metabolizer (EM) patients using annual hazard ratio (HR) data from BIG 1-98 trial. Then we replicated the model by evaluating 9-year event-free survival (EFS) using HR data from ATAC trial. We also employed two-way sensitivity analyses to explore the impacts of HR of decreased-metabolizer (DM) and its frequency on survival by studying a range of estimates. Results The 5-year DFS of tamoxifen-treated EMs was 83.3%, similar to that for genotypically unselected patients receiving an AI (83.7%). In the validation study, we further demonstrated that EMs could get comparable survival benefit from tamoxifen relative to an AI (9-year-EFS, 81.4% vs. 83.2%). Two-way sensitivity analyses showed the robustness of results. Conclusions Our modeling analyses indicate that among EMs, the DFS/EFS outcome of patients receiving tamoxifen is similar to that of patients receiving an AI. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to scrutinize the value of CYP2D6 genotype in the selection of endocrine therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-14.
The increase in women receiving implantable cardioverter defibrillators: Changes in characteristics or indications?
Authors: Ralph J. Verdino, Joseph Poku, Andrea M. Russo, Dusan Z. Kocovic, Henry H. Hsia, David J. Callans, Edward P. Gerstenfeld, Matthew B. Hills, David Lin, John F. Beshai, Francis E. Marchlinski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: The best treatment, but for which patient?
Authors: M E Schwartz
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

A. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt versus sclerotherresource utilization data, which would include study proceapy in the prevention of variceal rebleeding: a randomized study [Abdures, duration of hospital stay, outpatient visits and medica-
Association of a novel regulatory polymorphism (−938C&gt;A) in the BCL2 gene promoter with disease progression and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Holger Nückel, Ulrich H. Frey, Maja Bau, Ludger Sellmann, Jens Stanelle, Jan Dürig, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Ulrich Dührsen, Winfried Siffert
Journal: Blood (2006)
Ethics of undisclosed payments to doctors recruiting patients in clinical trials
Authors: J. N Rao
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Financial advisers who sell you insurance or mortgages are required by the rules to tell you how much commission they will earn as a result of your custom. But doctors who ask patients under their care to take part in a clinical trial are under no obligation to reveal how much they might earn as a result of their patients agreeing to take part in the trial. Can this be right?

Of course, the situation is not quite as simple as this. Selling insurance, one could argue, is not the same as inviting a patient to take part in a clinical trial. If the doctor was not reimbursed generously for his time then important clinical research would just not get done.1 The doctor can be trusted to put the best interests of the patient above personal gain, and therefore telling potential trial subjects how much the doctor will be paid is unnecessary. Do these arguments stand up to closer scrutiny? Or has the practice and scale of payments reached a point where it has become harmful to the conduct of good research?

Randomised clinical trials, often sponsored by pharmaceutical companies with a valid commercial as much as a genuinely scientific interest, are the only reliable way to generate good quality evidence of efficacy.2 Clinicians ideally should be in equipoise about the treatments being tested,3 and patients should give voluntary consent based on full disclosure …
THE AGE OF PATIENTS OPERATED ON FOR SENILE CATARACT
Authors: HARRY S. GRADLE
Journal: JAMA (1930)

During a recent visit to some of the continental clinics, I was impressed by the disparity in age between the patients operated on for senile cataract there and at home. In order to determine whether that was merely an impression or whether such a disparity really existed, I sent a letter to a few of the leading ophthalmic surgeons in various parts of the world asking for the ages in their last 500 or 100 cases of senile cataract extraction, excluding juvenile, traumatic and complicated cataracts. The following surgeons were kind enough to reply, at the same time authorizing me to utilize their statistics: Benedict of Rochester, Derby of Boston, Ellett of Memphis, Elschnig of Prague, Kalt of Paris, Knapp of New York, Meller of Vienna. Sinclair of Edinburgh, Van der Hoeve of Leiden, Wessely of Munich, and Wright of Madras. A compilation of the statistics gleaned from these sources
STUDIES ON PATHOGENIC B. COLI FROM BOVINE SOURCES
Authors: Theobald Smith, Gladys Bryant
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

On agar plates certain strains of B. coli from the ileum of calves suffering from diarrhea or scours promptly mutate and give rise to forms which have lost capsular substance, whose virulence has been greatly reduced, and which have gained very greatly in agglutinability and in being taken up by leucocytes. The original characters are not regained in cultures kept in the cold after development, nor in rapid transfers in bouillon, nor in passages through the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs. Filtrates of 48 hour bouillon cultures contain as much toxin in the (b) as in the (a) form indicating no loss in this function.
Characteristic of myocardial contrast echocardiography, coronary flow reserve, and coronary flow velocity pattern in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Tomoko Tani, Kazuaki Tanabe, Miwa Ono, Motoaki Ibuki, Minako Katayama, Koichi Tamita, Kenji Yamabe, Atsushi Yamamuro, Kunihiko Nagai, Kenichi Shiratori, Shigefumi Morioka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Infection Control — A Problem for Patient Safety
Authors: John P Burke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, infections (more appropriately called health care–associated infections) are today by far the most common complications affecting hospitalized patients. Indeed, the Harvard Medical Practice Study II found that a single type of nosocomial infection — surgical-wound infection — constituted the second-largest category of adverse events.1 Long considered the greatest risk that the hospital environment poses to patients,2 nosocomial infections abruptly became the province of public health officers at the time of a nationwide epidemic of hospital-based staphylococcal infections, in 1957 and 1958.3 Since then, the study and control of nosocomial infections have been profoundly shaped by the discipline . . .
Law of supply and demand applies in NHS
Authors: T. Heywood
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—So recognisable was Jeffrey's description of his wife's doctor's surgery that I read his end piece with discomfort, as I had a strong suspicion that his wife was a patient of mine.1

I was pleased to discover that it was not our service being described, but I was also interested because I had made the same comparisons between my surgery and the local veterinary surgery when my own cat had been unwell. I had found consolation in the argument that, as a …
Interrogating Tumor Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironments Using Molecular Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. Theranostic Approaches to Improve Therapeutics
Authors: Orit Jacobson, Xiaoyuan Chen
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2013)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive molecular imaging technology that is becoming increasingly important for the measurement of physiologic, biochemical, and pharmacological functions at cellular and molecular levels in patients with cancer. Formation, development, and aggressiveness of tumor involve a number of molecular pathways, including intrinsic tumor cell mutations and extrinsic interaction between tumor cells and the microenvironment. Currently, evaluation of these processes is mainly through biopsy, which is invasive and limited to the site of biopsy. Ongoing research on specific target molecules of the tumor and its microenvironment for PET imaging is showing great potential. To date, the use of PET for diagnosing local recurrence and metastatic sites of various cancers and evaluation of treatment response is mainly based on [<sup>18</sup>F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([<sup>18</sup>F]FDG), which measures glucose metabolism. However, [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG is not a target-specific PET tracer and does not give enough insight into tumor biology and/or its vulnerability to potential treatments. Hence, there is an increasing need for the development of selective biologic radiotracers that will yield specific biochemical information and allow for noninvasive molecular imaging. The possibility of cancer-associated targets for imaging will provide the opportunity to use PET for diagnosis and therapy response monitoring (theranostics) and thus personalized medicine. This article will focus on the review of non-[<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET tracers for specific tumor biology processes and their preclinical and clinical applications.
Tumor Cavitation During Therapy with Antiangiogenesis Agents in Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Edith M. Marom, Carlos H. Martinez, Mylene T. Truong, Xiudong Lei, Bradley S. Sabloff, Reginald F. Munden, Gregory W. Gladish, Roy S. Herbst, Rodolfo C. Morice, David J. Stewart, Carlos A. Jimenez, George R. Blumenschein, Amir Onn
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)