tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effect of Remission Plasma on Untreated Patients With Burkitt's Lymphoma&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Leroy Fass, Ronald B. Herberman, John Ziegler, Richard H. Morrow
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

In a controlled study, eight patients with untreated Burkitt's lymphoma were given plasma from patients with Burkitt's lymphoma in remission or from normal volunteers. Although the donor plasma was shown to have in vitro antibody activity, no evidence for in vivo antitumor activity was noted. This preliminary study does not confirm previous reports of in vivo antitumor activity in the plasma of patients with Burkitt's lymphoma.
Postpartum Depression in Women Receiving Public Assistance: Pilot Study of an Interpersonal-Therapy-Oriented Group Intervention
Authors: Caron Zlotnick, Sheri L. Johnson, Ivan W. Miller, Teri Pearlstein, Margaret Howard
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether a preventive intervention based on the principles of interpersonal psychotherapy administered to pregnant women would reduce the risk of postpartum major depression. METHOD: Thirty-seven pregnant women receiving public assistance who had at least one risk factor for postpartum depression were randomly assigned to a four-session group intervention or to a treatment-as-usual condition. Thirty-five of the women completed the study. Structured diagnostic interviews were administered to assess for postpartum major depression. RESULTS: Within 3 months after they gave birth, six (33%) of the 18 women in the treatment-as-usual condition had developed postpartum major depression, compared with none of the 17 women in the intervention condition. CONCLUSIONS: A four-session interpersonal-therapy-oriented group intervention was successful in preventing the occurrence of major depression during a postpartum period of 3 months in a group of financially disadvantaged women.
Aldrin and dieldrin: a review of research on their production, environmental deposition and fate, bioaccumulation, toxicology, and epidemiology in the United States.
Authors: J L Jorgenson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In the last decade four international agreements have focused on a group of chemical substances known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Global agreement on the reduction and eventual elimination of these substances by banning their production and trade is a long-term goal. Negotiations for these agreements have focused on the need to correlate data from scientists working on soil and water sampling and air pollution monitoring. Toxicologists and epidemiologists have focused on wildlife and human health effects and understanding patterns of disease requires better access to these data. In the last 20 years, substantial databases have been created and now are becoming available on the Internet. This review is a detailed examination of 2 of the 12 POPs, aldrin and dieldrin, and how scientific groups identify and measure their effects. It draws on research findings from a variety of environmental monitoring networks in the United States. An overview of the ecologic and health effects of aldrin and dieldrin provides examples of how to streamline some of the programs and improve access to mutually useful scientific data. The research groups are located in many government departments, universities, and private organizations. Identifying databases can provide an "information accelerator" useful to a larger audience and can help build better plant and animal research models across scientific fields.
Peripheral Vasoconstriction and Abnormal Parasympathetic Response to Sighs and Transient Hypoxia in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Suvimol Sangkatumvong, Michael C. K. Khoo, Roberta Kato, Jon A. Detterich, Adam Bush, Thomas G. Keens, Herbert J. Meiselman, John C. Wood, Thomas D. Coates
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Rationale: Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder characterized by vasoocclusive crises. Although hypoxia and pulmonary disease are known risk factors for these crises, the mechanisms that initiate vasoocclusive events are not well known.Objectives: To study the relationship between transient hypoxia, respiration, and microvascular blood flow in patients with sickle cell.Methods: We established a protocol that mimics nighttime hypoxic episodes and measured microvascular blood flow to determine if transient hypoxia causes a decrease in microvascular blood flow. Significant desaturations were induced safely by five breaths of 100% nitrogen.Measurements and Main Results: Desaturation did not induce change in microvascular perfusion; however, it induced substantial transient parasympathetic activity withdrawal in patients with sickle cell disease, but not controls subjects. Marked periodic drops in peripheral microvascular perfusion, unrelated to hypoxia, were triggered by sighs in 11 of 11 patients with sickle cell and 8 of 11 control subjects. Although the sigh frequency was the same in both groups, the probability of a sigh inducing a perfusion drop was 78% in patients with sickle cell and 17% in control subjects (P < 0.001). Evidence for sigh-induced sympathetic nervous system dominance was seen in patients with sickle cell (P < 0.05), but was not significant in control subjects.Conclusions: These data demonstrate significant disruption of autonomic nervous system balance, with marked parasympathetic withdrawal in response to transient hypoxia. They draw attention to an enhanced autonomic nervous system–mediated sigh–vasoconstrictor response in patients with sickle cell that could increase red cell retention in the microvasculature, promoting vasoocclusion.
Patients' expectations of consultations
Authors: Nicky Britten
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Patient pressure may be stronger in the doctor's mind than in the patient's 

Although patients' expectations of general practice consultations influence outcomes, they are not as influential as doctors' assessments. This may sound obvious except for the fact that doctors' assessments of patients' preferences have more influence than those preferences themselves. In this issue Little et al are publishing two studies.1 2 Their observational study generalises the finding from an earlierstudy3 that doctors' perceptions are a stronger predictor of their actions—from prescribing to other consultation activities—than are patients' expectations. The same factors (including doctors' perceptions) affecting prescribing decisions also affect other clinical decisions. This makes it all the more important that doctors' perceptions are accurate. Inappropriate assessments of patients' expectations can result in actions deemed unnecessary by the doctor and unwanted by the patient.

In their interventional study Little et al used leaflets and found that most of the increased investigations resulting from the intervention were …
Structural and Functional Analysis of the Costimulatory Receptor Programmed Death-1
Authors: Xuewu Zhang, Jean-Claude D. Schwartz, Xiaoling Guo, Sumeena Bhatia, Erhu Cao, Lieping Chen, Zhong-Yin Zhang, Michael A. Edidin, Stanley G. Nathenson, Steven C. Almo
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Keeping Research Subjects Out of Harm's Way
Authors: Gary B. Ellis
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The BCR-ABL1 Kinase Bypasses Selection for the Expression of a Pre–B Cell Receptor in Pre–B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Florian Klein, Niklas Feldhahn, Lana Harder, Hui Wang, Maria Wartenberg, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann, Peter Wernet, Reiner Siebert, Markus Müschen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

The BCR-ABL1 kinase expressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) drives malignant transformation of human pre–B cells. Comparing genome-wide gene expression profiles of BCR-ABL1+ pre–B ALL and normal bone marrow pre–B cells by serial analysis of gene expression, many genes involved in pre–B cell receptor signaling are silenced in the leukemia cells. Although normal pre–B cells are selected for the expression of a functional pre–B cell receptor, BCR-ABL1+ ALL cells mostly do not harbor a productively rearranged IGH allele. In these cases, we identified traces of secondary VH gene rearrangements, which may have rendered an initially productive VH region gene nonfunctional. Even BCR-ABL1+ ALL cells harboring a functional VH region gene are unresponsive to pre–B cell receptor engagement and exhibit autonomous oscillatory Ca2+ signaling activity. Conversely, leukemia subclones surviving inhibition of BCR-ABL1 by STI571 restore responsiveness to antigen receptor engagement and differentiate into immature B cells expressing immunoglobulin light chains. BCR-ABL1 kinase activity is linked to defective pre–B cell receptor signaling and the expression of a truncated isoform of the pre–B cell receptor–associated linker molecule SLP65. Also in primary leukemia cells, truncated SLP65 is expressed before but not after treatment of the patients with STI571. We conclude that inhibition of BCR-ABL1 reconstitutes selection for leukemia cells expressing a functional (pre–) B cell receptor.
Sitagliptin Successfully Ameliorates Glycemic Control in Werner Syndrome With Diabetes
Authors: Takumi Kitamoto, Minoru Takemoto, Masaki Fujimoto, Takahiro Ishikawa, Shunichiro Onishi, Emiko Okabe, Ryoichi Ishibashi, Kazuki Kobayashi, Harukiyo Kawamura, Koutaro Yokote
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the WRN gene, and it is considered to be a representative type of progeroid syndrome (1). Patients with WS often exhibit insulin resistance, which is associated with the accumulation of visceral fat and disadipocytokinemia. We and others have previously reported that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ ligand, improved glycemic control and insulin sensitivity with normalization of disadipocytokine levels in patients with WS (2,3).

Here we describe a diabetic subject with WS that had good glycemic control with pioglitazone initially but worsened because of abdominal obesity and increasing visceral fat area. Sitagliptin, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, was then administered, which resulted in successful improvement of …
Impact of Indels on the Flanking Regions in Structural Domains
Authors: Zheng Zhang, Jie Huang, Zengfang Wang, Lushan Wang, Peiji Gao
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

Amino acid substitution and insertions/deletions (indels) are two common events in protein evolution; however, current knowledge on indels is limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of indels on the flanking regions in protein structure superfamilies. Comprehensive analysis of structural classification of proteins superfamilies revealed that indels lead to a series of changes in the flanking regions, including the following: 1) structural shift in the tertiary structure, with a first-order exponential decay relation between structural shift and the distance to indels, 2) instability of the secondary structure elements in which parts of the α helix and β sheet are destroyed, and 3) an increase in the amino acid substitution rate of the primary structure and the nonsimilar amino acid substitution rate. In general, these quality changes are due to the combined effects of the "regional-inherent effect," "indel-accompanied effect," and "indel-following effect." Furthermore, these quality changes reflect changes in selective pressure. Indels are more likely to be preserved in regions with low selective pressure, and indels can further reduce the selective pressure on the flanking regions. These findings improve our understanding of the role of indels in protein evolution.
A novel twist in polycystic liver disease
Authors: Wybrich R Cnossen, Joost PH Drenth
Journal: Gut (2014)

Liver cysts are a frequent finding on radiological imaging. Prevalence rates depend on the technique, but with CT or MRI, simple hepatic cysts are seen in approximately one-fifth of the population.1 Usually no more than one or two small (<3 cm) cysts are present. These cysts are innocuous and do not require immediate clinical attention. The situation is different when there are multiple and/or large liver cysts such as in polycystic liver disease (PLD). Though PLD is infrequent, patients are seen in every gastroenterology practice. Many patients give a positive family history of PLD. The majority of PLD patients will also have multiple renal cysts and suffer from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This is a progressive disorder that leads to end-stage renal disease. By contrast, some PLD patients do not have that renal phenotype and they are affected by isolated autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (PCLD). While the genetic background of ADPKD and PCLD is dissimilar, there is great analogy in their phenotypical behaviour. PLD is characterised by an age-dependent increase of number and size of the liver cysts.1 Within this context, the physiological function of the liver is usually unaffected, but because of the unrelenting growth, significant hepatomegaly develops over time. This is associated with onset of symptoms, such as abdominal pain, early satiety, and dyspnoea which causes a compromised quality of life.2 Thus far, the primary endpoint of treatment …
Effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Authors: E H Walters
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Two groups of normal subjects were immunised with live attenuated influenza virus given by the intranasal route. One group was then treated with placebo capsules for 48 hours. At the end of this time an increase in sensitivity to inhaled histamine was found but with a coincident decrease in reactivity. The other group was treated with indomethacin (50 mg four times daily). The increase in sensitivity associated with influenza vaccination was prevented but there was a significant increase in reactivity. It is proposed that prostaglandins released as part of the inflammatory response in the airways after viral infection may be concerned in induction of the changes in response to histamine observed under these conditions.
A RABBIT FAMILY OF RESTRICTED HIGH RESPONDERS TO THE STREPTOCOCCAL GROUP A-VARIANT POLYSACCHARIDE
Authors: Dietmar G. Braun, Ebbe Kjems, Matthias Cramer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Immunization of rabbits from a closed colony with streptococcal Group A-variant vaccines identified about two-thirds of them as low and heterogeneous responders. One-third of the rabbits showed a restriction of the response independent from the magnitude. Selective breeding from one monoclonal high-responder male and two restricted high-responder female rabbits succeeded in segregation of high-responder progeny after two generations. Their antibody levels were on the average 2.5 times higher than those of the random group of rabbits and a small group of low-responder offspring. Immunization of 13 offspring originating from rabbits bred for restricted high response to the streptococcal Group C polysaccharide revealed that 11 progeny were restricted high responders and 2 progeny monoclonal high responders. This finding suggests that high responsiveness to the Groups A-variant and C polysaccharides is inherited as genetically linked traits. Selective breeding combinations between restricted and monoclonal high-responder rabbits by brother-sister matings succeeded in narrowing the isoelectric focusing spectra of Group A-variant-specific antibodies in the offspring. It furthermore revealed a preferential expression of monoclonal antibodies after three generations with a similar net charge as those identified first in the original monoclonal paternal parent. These data suggest that similar copies of structural genes for the variable regions are transmitted from the parent to the progeny.
Normal beta-2-microglobulin (β2m) gene in patients with hemochromatosis and no evidence of linkage to chromosome 6
Authors: M. Sampietro, L. Lupica, N. Corbetta, M. Amato, A. Casatta, A. Pizzuti, L. Laurenzi, S. Fargion, G. Fiorelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Telomere Dysfunction–Related Serological Markers Are Associated With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Feng Xiao, Xiaoguo Zheng, Mingming Cui, Guiying Shi, Xianda Chen, Ruili Li, Zhangfa Song, Karl Lenhard Rudolph, Bowen Chen, Zhenyu Ju
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Recent studies have identified a set of serological markers for telomere dysfunction and DNA damage. The relevance of these serological markers in type 2 diabetes remains elusive. We investigated the association of serological markers (elongation factor 1α [EF-1α], stathmin, and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase) with leukocyte telomere length, a functional variant of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), and susceptibility of type 2 diabetes.A total of 930 patients and 867 control subjects were recruited to examine the association between leukocyte telomere length, UCP2 variant (-886G>A), recently identified serological markers, and type 2 diabetes. Telomere length was determined by a quantitative real-time PCR-based assay. EF-1α, stathmin, and C-reactive proteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. N-acetyl-glucosaminidase was measured by an enzyme activity assay. The UCP2 variant was determined by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion.The average telomere length of type 2 diabetic patients was significantly shorter than that of control subjects. Serological N-acetyl-glucosaminidase correlates with both age and telomere length and was significantly higher in patients than in control subjects. Neither EF-1α nor stathmin showed significant difference between patients and control subjects. The UCP2-886G>A variant correlated with type 2 diabetes status but did not correlate with telomere length or the serological markers. Multivariate analysis showed that higher serological N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, shorter telomeres, and the UCP2-886G>A variant are independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes.Serological N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, telomere length, and the UCP2-886G>A variant are independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Serological N-acetyl-glucosaminidase correlates with telomere length but not with the UCP2-886G>A variant.
Long-Term Changes in Defense Styles With Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Depressive, Anxiety, and Personality Disorders
Authors: Michael Bond, J. Christopher Perry
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: This study examined 1) whether patients with chronic and recurrent anxiety and depressive disorders and/or personality disorders demonstrate improvement in their defense styles with long-term dynamic psychotherapy and 2) what the relationship is between defense style change and symptomatic change. METHOD: Measures of defense (Defense Style Questionnaire) and symptoms and functioning were administered at regular intervals over the course of 3–5 years to adults who entered a naturalistic study of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. With hierarchical linear regression, the relative contributions of change in variables on the Defense Style Questionnaire to change in other outcome variables were calculated. RESULTS: Those with high initial scores on the maladaptive and self-sacrificing defense styles improved, with effect sizes of 0.80 and 0.67, while overall defensive functioning improved, with an effect size of 0.43. The effect size of the change in score on the Global Assessment of Functioning scale was 0.82. Depressed subjects improved their scores significantly on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and there was a significant improvement in distress, as measured by the SCL-90-R. Changes in score on the Defense Style Questionnaire added substantially to the prediction of variance in these three outcomes above their initial levels. A higher level of defensive functioning also predicted a better self-reported therapeutic alliance. CONCLUSIONS: Defense styles became more adaptive and symptoms improved over time in patients who started with scores in the clinical range. Change in defense style predicts symptomatic change, but causation has not been established.
Secondary Aerosolization of Viable &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Bacillus anthracis&lt;/EMPH&gt; Spores in a Contaminated US Senate Office
Authors: Christopher P. Weis
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Bioterrorist attacks involving letters and mail-handling systems in Washington, DC, resulted in Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) spore contamination in the Hart Senate Office Building and other facilities in the US Capitol's vicinity.To provide information about the nature and extent of indoor secondary aerosolization of B anthracis spores.Stationary and personal air samples, surface dust, and swab samples were collected under semiquiescent (minimal activities) and then simulated active office conditions to estimate secondary aerosolization of B anthracis spores. Nominal size characteristics, airborne concentrations, and surface contamination of B anthracis particles (colony-forming units) were evaluated.Viable B anthracis spores reaerosolized under semiquiescent conditions, with a marked increase in reaerosolization during simulated active office conditions. Increases were observed for B anthracis collected on open sheep blood agar plates (P<.001) and personal air monitors (P =.01) during active office conditions. More than 80% of the B anthracis particles collected on stationary monitors were within an alveolar respirable size range of 0.95 to 3.5 micro m.Bacillus anthracis spores used in a recent terrorist incident reaerosolized under common office activities. These findings have important implications for appropriate respiratory protection, remediation, and reoccupancy of contaminated office environments.
Accidental Nuclear War — A Post–Cold War Assessment
Authors: L Forrow, B G Blair, I Helfand, G Lewis, T Postol, V Sidel, B S Levy, H Abrams, C Cassel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

In the 1980s, many medical organizations identified the prevention of nuclear war as one of the medical profession's most important goals. An assessment of the current danger is warranted given the radically changed context of the post–Cold War era.