tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE LIMITED NEUROTROPIC CHARACTER OF THE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS (ST. LOUIS TYPE) IN SUSCEPTIBLE MICE
Authors: Leslie T. Webster, Anna D. Clow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. St. Louis encephalitis virus injected intracerebrally into susceptible mice multiplies there to reach a titre of 109 intracerebral lethal doses. It is found also in the blood in small amounts immediately following injection and preceding death. 2. Injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously the virus circulates in the blood for several hours and survives in the spleen for days. It does not multiply in the brain and cause encephalitis, however, unless overwhelming doses are injected or the brain is traumatized. 3. Virus dropped into the nares is demonstrable in the olfactory bulbs at 24 hours, in the piriform lobes at 24 to 48 hours, in the remainder of the brain at 3 days, and in the spinal cord at 4 days. In the brain it reaches a titre of 109 in 6 days. Virus is not readily demonstrable in the blood but is present in the spleen after 48 hours. 4. Virus survives and is capable of multiplying in the spleen. 5. Lesions following nasal instillation of virus appear first in the olfactory bulbs on the 3rd day, in the piriform lobes on the 4th, and in Ammon's horn on the 5th day. The character of the lesions in order of their appearance is exudation of mononuclear cells about superficial blood vessels and in the pia, hyperplasia of the endothelium of the pia, and necrosis of nerve cells of the olfactory tract.
Histone Acetylation Determines the Developmentally Regulated Accessibility for T Cell Receptor γ Gene Recombination
Authors: Yasutoshi Agata, Tomoya Katakai, Sang-Kyu Ye, Manabu Sugai, Hiroyuki Gonda, Tasuku Honjo, Koichi Ikuta, Akira Shimizu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Variable/diversity/joining (V[D]J) recombination of the T cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) genes is regulated by chromatin accessibility of the target locus to the recombinase in a lineage- and stage-specific manner. Histone acetylation has recently been proposed as a molecular mechanism underlying the accessibility control. Here, we investigate the role for histone acetylation in the developmentally regulated rearrangements of the mouse TCR-γ gene, wherein predominant rearrangement is switched from Vγ3 to Vγ2 gene during the fetal to adult thymocyte development. Our results indicate that histone acetylation correlates with accessibility, as histone acetylation at the fetal-type Vγ3 gene in accord with germline transcription is relatively high in fetal thymocytes, but specifically becomes low in adult thymocytes within the entirely hyperacetylated locus. Furthermore, inhibition of histone deacetylation during the development of adult bone marrow–derived thymocytes by a specific histone deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A, leads to elevated histone acetylation, germline transcription, cleavage, and rearrangement of the Vγ3 gene. These data demonstrate that histone acetyl- ation functionally determines the chromatin accessibility for V(D)J recombination in vivo and that an epigenetic modification of chromatin plays a direct role in executing a developmental switch in cell fate determination.
Disaster Recovery Also Involves Human Recovery
Authors: Anita Chandra, Joie D. Acosta
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erectile Dysfunction and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ian M. Thompson, Catherine M. Tangen, Phyllis J. Goodman, Jeffrey L. Probstfield, Carol M. Moinpour, Charles A. Coltman
Journal: JAMA (2005)

The risk factors for cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunction are similar.To examine the association of erectile dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular disease.Men aged 55 years or older who were randomized to the placebo group (n = 9457) in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial at 221 US centers were evaluated every 3 months for cardiovascular disease and erectile dysfunction between 1994 and 2003. Proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association of erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. In an adjusted model, covariates included age, body mass index, blood pressure, serum lipids, diabetes, family history of myocardial infarction, race, smoking history, physical activity, and quality of life.Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease.Of the 9457 men randomized to placebo, 8063 (85%) had no cardiovascular disease at study entry; of these men, 3816 (47%) had erectile dysfunction at study entry. Among the 4247 men without erectile dysfunction at study entry, 2420 men (57%) reported incident erectile dysfunction after 5 years. After adjustment, incident erectile dysfunction was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.53; P = .04) for subsequent cardiovascular events during study follow-up. For men with either incident or prevalent erectile dysfunction, the hazard ratio was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.25-1.69; P<.001). For subsequent cardiovascular events, the unadjusted risk of an incident cardiovascular event was 0.015 per person-year among men without erectile dysfunction at study entry and was 0.024 per person-year for men with erectile dysfunction at study entry. This association was in the range of risk associated with current smoking or a family history of myocardial infarction.Erectile dysfunction is a harbinger of cardiovascular clinical events in some men. Erectile dysfunction should prompt investigation and intervention for cardiovascular risk factors.
Nephropathic Cystinosis in Adults: Natural History and Effects of Oral Cysteamine Therapy
Authors: William A. Gahl, Joan Z. Balog, Robert Kleta
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: The full burden of nephropathic cystinosis in adulthood and the effects of long-term oral cysteamine therapy on its nonrenal complications have not been elucidated. Objective: To assess the severity of cystinosis in adults receiving and not receiving oral cysteamine therapy. Design: Case series. Setting: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. Patients: 100 persons (58 men and 42 women) age 18 to 45 years with nephropathic cystinosis examined between January 1985 and May 2006. Measurements: Historical data were collected on renal transplantation, administration of oral cysteamine, and time and cause of death. Patients were evaluated for height and weight; thyroid, pulmonary, and swallowing function; muscle atrophy; hypogonadism (in men); retinopathy; vascular and cerebral calcifications; diabetes mellitus; and homozygosity for the common 57-kb deletion in CTNS. Laboratory studies were also performed. Results: Of 100 adults with nephropathic cystinosis, 92 had received a renal allograft and 33 had died. At least half of the patients had hypothyroidism, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (in men), pulmonary insufficiency, swallowing abnormalities, or myopathy. One third of the patients had retinopathy or vascular calcifications, and 24% had diabetes. Homozygosity for the 57-kb CTNS deletion was associated with an increased risk for death and morbidity. The 39 patients who received long-term (≥8 years) oral cysteamine therapy were taller and heavier, had a renal allograft later in life, had lower cholesterol levels, and experienced fewer complications and deaths than patients who received cysteamine for fewer than 8 years. The frequency of diabetes mellitus, myopathy, pulmonary dysfunction, hypothyroidism, and death increased as time off cysteamine treatment increased, and it decreased as time on cysteamine therapy increased. Limitations: The study was retrospective and not randomized. The criteria used to measure adequacy of treatment were arbitrary. Conclusions: Untreated nephropathic cystinosis causes extensive morbidity and death in adulthood. Long-term oral cysteamine therapy mitigates these effects.
Gene expression, localization, and characterization of endothelin A and B receptors in the human adrenal cortex.
Authors: G Rossi, G Albertin, A Belloni, L Zanin, M A Biasolo, T Prayer-Galetti, M Bader, G G Nussdorfer, G Palù, A C Pessina
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Compelling evidence indicates that the endothelium-derived potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) stimulates aldosterone secretion by interacting with specific receptors. Although two different ET-1 receptors have been identified and cloned, the receptor subtype involved in mediating aldosterone secretion is still unknown. Accordingly, we wished to investigate whether the genes of ET-1 and of its receptors A and B are expressed in the normal human adrenal cortex. We designed specific primers for ET-1 and the ETA and ETB receptors genes and developed a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with chemiluminescent quantitation of the cDNA. In addition, we carried out 125I ET-1 displacement studies with cold ET-1, ET-3 and the specific ETA and ETB ligands BQ123 and sarafotoxin 6C. Localization of each receptor subtype was also investigated by autoradiography. Binding experiments were first individually analyzed by Scatchard and Hofstee plot and then coanalyzed by the nonlinear iterative curve fitting program Ligand. Histologically normal adrenal cortex tissue, obtained from kidney cancer patients (n = 7), and an aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), which is histogenetically derived from the zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells, were studied. Results showed that the ET-1, ETA and ETB mRNA can be detected by RT-PCR in all adrenal cortices as well as in the APA. The best fitting of the 125I ET-1 displacement binding data was consistently provided by a two-site model both in the normal adrenal cortex (F = 22.1, P < 0.0001) and in the APA (F = 18.4, P < 0.0001). In the former the density (Bmax) of the ETA and ETB subtype was 2.6 +/- 0.5 pmol/mg protein (m +/- SEM) and 1.19 +/- 0.6, respectively. The dissociation constant (Kd) of ET-1, ET-3, S6C, and BQ-123 for each receptor subtype resulted to be within the range reported for human tissue for the ETA and ETB receptors. In the APA tissue the Bmax tended to be lower (1.33 and 0.8 pmol/mg protein, for the ETA and ETB, respectively) but the Kd were similar. Autoradiographic studies confirmed the presence of both receptor subtypes on the ZG as well as on APA cells. Thus, the genes of ET-1 and both its receptor subtypes ETA and ETB are actively transcribed in the human adrenal cortex. Furthermore, both receptor subtypes are translated into proteins in ZG and APA cells.
Endothelial cell expression of vasoconstrictors and growth factors is regulated by smooth muscle cell-derived carbon monoxide.
Authors: T Morita, S Kourembanas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

CO is produced in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). CO increases cGMP levels in VSMC; however, its possible additional roles in the vasculature have not been examined. We report that a product of HO, released from VSMC and inhibited by hemoglobin, has paracrine effects on endothelial cells: it increases endothelial cGMP content and decreases the expression of the mitogens, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B). This product has the characteristics of CO, and its production is increased sevenfold under hypoxia. The VSMC-derived CO caused a fourfold rise in endothelial cell cGMP. In addition, it inhibited the hypoxia-induced increases in mRNA levels of the ET-1 and PDGF-B genes. Inhibitors of HO, and hemoglobin, a scavenger of CO, prevented the rise in cGMP and also restored the hypoxic response of these genes. The inhibition of ET-1 and PDGF-B mRNA by CO resulted in decreased production of these endothelial-derived mitogens, and in turn, inhibition of VSMC proliferation. These findings suggest an important physiologic role for VSMC-derived CO in modulating cell-cell interaction and cell proliferation in the vessel wall during hypoxia.
A Strong Dose-Response Relation Between Serum Concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Diabetes
Authors: Duk-Hee Lee, In-Kyu Lee, Kyungeun Song, Michael Steffes, William Toscano, Beth A. Baker, David R. Jacobs
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Low-level exposure to some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has recently become a focus because of their possible link with the risk of diabetes.
Effect of Reducing Interns' Work Hours on Serious Medical Errors in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Christopher P. Landrigan, Jeffrey M. Rothschild, John W. Cronin, Rainu Kaushal, Elisabeth Burdick, Joel T. Katz, Craig M. Lilly, Peter H. Stone, Steven W. Lockley, David W. Bates, Charles A. Czeisler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Although sleep deprivation has been shown to impair neurobehavioral performance, few studies have measured its effects on medical errors.
Controversies and problems in the current management of tubal pregnancy
Authors: R Maymon
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1996)

The two main conservative treatment alternatives for tubal pregnancy, methotrexate administration and laparoscopic salpingostomy are under constant review. Recently, expectant management of tubal pregnancy has become increasingly popular. In this review, we assess the outcome of conservative management modalities for extrauterine pregnancy and compare the results of treatment with methotrexate and operative laparoscopy. Outcomes of extrauterine pregnancy were obtained from a review compiled from the English literature identified by directed Medline search. Methotrexate and laparoscopic salpingostomies yield good final treatment rates of 85-95% respectively and relatively low rates for further surgical complication (5-10% respectively). Tubal patency, as well as future fertility performance, are quite similar after both techniques. Although they appear to suit the demands of the 21st century, each one has its own benefits and contraindications. With adequate patient selection, expectant management of the tubal pregnancy is a reasonable approach with good results. Although the morbidity rate after tubal pregnancy treatment is decreasing and the main concern is to reduce the decline in fertility potential, the real future challenge remains prevention of the disease, especially among high risk patients, such as those undergoing infertility treatment.
How commonly is the diagnosis of coeliac disease made by serological tests alone?
Authors: G. K. T. Holmes
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> While guidelines state that a small bowel biopsy is mandatory for the diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD) it is clear that doctors in Derby when confronted by an ill patient with positive coeliac serology or even an asymptomatic one with a positive test are often accepting this as diagnostic and not referring for small bowel biopsy. The present study aimed to determine how many patients in Derby are being given the diagnosis of CD based on serological tests alone. <h3>Methods</h3> Records of the Derby hospital biochemical laboratory were used to identify all patients with positive coeliac serology (EMA) from 1996 to 2008. All those found were checked to determine whether a small bowel biopsy had been performed. This was achieved by reviewing hospital notes, checking the records of the histopathology department and making contact with general practitioners and patients. All patients were traced to determine their biopsy status. For these years all patients with biopsy prove CD in Derby were identified. Sources of information included the hospital diagnostic index, histopathology records, the dermatitis herpetiformis clinic and the dietetic department. <h3>Results</h3> Table 1 shows that in the years 1996 to 2000, 29 patients (8% of the total) were not biopsied. The percentages for 2007 and 2008 were 46 and 53, respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A positive serological test alone is being increasingly relied on to establish the diagnosis of CD mainly by General Practitioners but also by secondary care physicians. This is not unreasonable since serological tests are reliable1 and guidelines need to be reviewed.
Evaluation of R wave amplitude changes versus ST-segment depression in stress testing.
Authors: P E Bonoris, P S Greenberg, G W Christison, M J Castellanet, M H Ellestad
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Exercise ECGs and coronary angiograms were reviewed in 266 patients (81 normals and 185 with significant coronary artery disease). Thirty-three false positive and 96 false negative ST responses to stress testing were purposely chosen to determine if the R wave could reduce the number of false ST responses. R wave amplitude changes were measured in the control and in the immediate postexercise period. An increase or no change in R wave was taken as evidence of an abnormal response, while a decrease in the R wave was a normal response. The sensitivity by ST segment was 48% and the specificity was 59%. These values were low because of the large number of false positive and negative ST responses in the study. It was our purpose to determine if these lowered values could be significantly improved by the R wave. Using R wave criteria, the sensitivity was 63% (P is less than 0.01) while the specificity was 79% (P is less than 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of stress testing can be significantly improved using R wave changes.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gall stones before and after cholecystectomy: a longitudinal study.
Authors: N A Farsakh, E Roweily, M Steitieh, R Butchoun, B Khalil
Journal: Gut (1995)

Fifty six patients with gall stones were enrolled in this study to assess the presence of Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa before and after cholecystectomy. Samples were taken from gastric juice and antral mucosa through endoscopy performed on these patients before and after the operation. Gastric juice was examined for bile salt concentration as an indicator of duodenogastric reflux. Antral mucosa was studied for the presence of H pylori and inflammatory response. Duodenogastric reflux was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.001) and H pylori significantly decreased (p &lt; 0.01) in the postoperative period. Mucosal inflammation and its activity were less in the postoperative period but the differences did not reach statistically significant values.
Role of active oxygen, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal injury induced by indomethacin in rats.
Authors: T Yoshikawa, Y Naito, A Kishi, T Tomii, T Kaneko, S Iinuma, H Ichikawa, M Yasuda, S Takahashi, M Kondo
Journal: Gut (1993)

The roles of active oxygen, lipid peroxidation, and the antioxidative defence mechanism in gastric mucosal injury induced by treatment with indomethacin in rats were investigated. The total area of gastric erosions and concentration of lipid peroxides in the gastric mucosa increased with time after administration of indomethacin (20 mg/kg, orally). The alpha-tocopherol:total cholesterol ratio in serum was significantly decreased and the activity of glutathione peroxidase, an important enzyme to scavenger of lipid peroxides, was inhibited by the administration of indomethacin. Treatments with superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited the increases in gastric mucosal erosions and lipid peroxides in the gastric mucosa, and the reduction of serum alpha-tocopherol. Treatment with these scavengers did not improve the decreased glutathione peroxidase activity. These findings suggest that active oxygen species and lipid peroxidation play an important part in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal injury induced by indomethacin, and that the decreased glutathione peroxidase activity aggravated the injury due to accelerated accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides in the gastric mucosal cell.
Risk of late effects of treatment in children newly diagnosed with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort
Authors: Stefan Essig, Qiaozhi Li, Yan Chen, Johann Hitzler, Wendy Leisenring, Mark Greenberg, Charles Sklar, Melissa M Hudson, Gregory T Armstrong, Kevin R Krull, Joseph P Neglia, Kevin C Oeffinger, Leslie L Robison, Claudia E Kuehni, Yutaka Yasui, Paul C Nathan
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided needle aspiration under conscious sedation: The patient's point of view
Authors: Said Isse, Prince James, Zaheer Mangera, Dipak Mukherjee, Bernard Yung, Johnson Samuel, Wadsworth Kirsten
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) under conscious sedation is increasingly being used in the management of mediastinal lymphadenopathy and staging of lung cancer. Previous studies have showed high patient satisfaction rate with fiberoptic bronchoscopy, however, the EBUS scope is larger and is operated via the oral route. Aim of the study was to determine the level of satisfaction and comfort at our institution.  We administered a survey to 48 consecutive patients who underwent EBUS TBNA at our institution. This was paper based questionnaire self-completed by the patients prior to discharge. We had full consent from all patients.  EBUS TBNA was carried out by range of people including consultants and trainees. In total 67% of the patients were male. 83% never had bronchoscopy. All the patients had 4 squirts of xylocaine to orophyranx and 5mls of 2% lidocaine cricoid injection. Average of 13mg Topical 2% lidocaine was applied via scope. Intravenous sedation was achieved with Fentanyl and midazolam. Mean of 41mcg for fentanyl and 4mg for midazolam. Average length of procedure was 36 minutes with a mean number of 4 passes per patient. 80% reported small amount of cough post procedure. We had no complications recorded in this series of patients.92% of the patients strongly agreed or agreed procedure was comfortable and 94% of would strongly agree or agree to have procedure again.  Our conclusion from this survey is that EBUS TBNA under conscious sedation is a comfortable and well tolerated procedure. We found high satisfaction rate amongst our patients as evidenced by their willingness to undergo the procedure again.