tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bone Density in Amenorrheic Athletes and in Anorexia Nervosa-Reply
Authors: Monica L. Rencken
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —Dr Mehler's letter draws attention to one of the many medical consequences of anorexia nervosa: the loss of bone mass. This decrease in bone parallels that observed in amenorrheic athletes, and low body weight and inadequate endogenous estrogen are similar in both groups. However, it is important to note that amenorrheic athletes may lose bone in the absence of an eating disorder. Amenorrhea in athletes often can be attributed to failing to meet the energy requirement of their training rather than having anorexia nervosa. The athletes in our study consumed an equal amount of calcium as the eumenorrheic control athletes. In addition, a registered dietitian screened the athletes and ruled out those thought to have an eating disorder.  As Mehler notes, several potential variables contribute to bone loss in anorectic women, thus creating challenges for determining the best therapeutic approach. Bone loss among amenorrheic athletes is associated with fewer factors,
New rules will allow EU patients to report drug concerns directly
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Patients will be better informed about drugs and be able to report any adverse effects directly to national authorities, after the European parliament overwhelmingly agreed new legislation on 22 September.

Under the new pharmacovigilance requirements, which will apply across the European Union, national web portals will have to be established to provide the public with information on medicinal products and any known side effects. The portals will contain assessment reports, summaries of product characteristics, information leaflets, and advice for patients on how to report any concerns they might have.

The national portals will be linked …
New Clues to Sleeping Sickness
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sick: The Untold Story of America’s Health Care Crisis and the People Who Pay the Price
Authors: Xavier Bosch
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Somnambulating Into a Paradigm Shift-World Changes: Thomas Kuhn and the Nature of Science-Reply
Authors: Richard N. Manning
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —The very fine review by Richard Manning 1 of World Changes: Thomas Kuhn and the Nature of Science , edited by Paul Horwich, appeared in the same issue of JAMA as a group of letters, Managed Care, Mental Health, and the Marketplace, relating to a Commentary by Drs Jellinek and Nurcombe. 2 I wondered what Thomas Kuhn would have thought of the debate.  Unable to speak for Professor Kuhn, I note his interest in language, communication, paradigm, and paradigm shift. I would suppose him to say that insurers and physicians think and speak from paradigms so dissimilar that communication and the achievement of like-mindedness is impossible. Even if they use the same words (with differing intent), they talk past each other. This is not surprising: insurers are in business and their only purpose is to make increasingly larger profits. Physicians expect to earn a good living but have
Thyroid function and outcome in children who survived meningococcal septic shock
Authors: Marieke den Brinker, Bertien Dumas, Theo J. Visser, Wim C. J. Hop, Jan A. Hazelzet, Dederieke A. M. Festen, Anita C. S. Hokken-Koelega, Koen F. M. Joosten
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2005)
Case of Poisoning by Belladonna Liniment
Authors: J. Meredith
Journal: BMJ (1876)

Nov. 25, I876.would recover, as, previously to this illness, she had been in a most critical state of health.Every portion of the body where the eruption made its appearance was painted over with a solution of one part of carbolic acid in twelve of glycerine.Immediately the great distress produced by the eruption was relieved, and was prevented from returning by the application being repeated night and morning.The rest of the treatment consisted in supplying plenty of fresh air and a simple yet nou- rishing diet.Chlorate of potash in solution was given as a drink, and the bowels were kept moving by a mild laxative giveii when required; and the patient passed through the whole course of the disease without an unfavourable symptom.There was no itching of the skin, and there was no secondary fever; indeed, there was no fever at all after the first application of the carbolic acid and glycerine.The patient slept well, and took her food with a relish.Within a year after her recovery, it was almost impossible to find any traces of the disease, so completely had the tendency to pitting been overcome.CASE ii.-Mrs.Y., aged 32, a strong and stoutly made lady, was confined of a healthy boy on December 7th, 1871, and on the day fol- lowing was attacked by confluent small-pox.Under the circum- stances, the greatest dlanger was, of course, to be apprehended, anid I was, therefore, exceedingly anxious.The same treatment as in Case I was employed, and with the like satisfactory results, with the one exception that, at this date, very slight pitting can be perceived, if looked for.The baby was vaccinated before itjvas twenty-four
Dangers of Radio-translucent Dental Plates
Authors: T. M. Banham
Journal: BMJ (1965)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Transcription factors respond to multi-level stimuli and co-occupy promoter regions of target genes to activate RNA polymerase (RNAP) in a cooperative manner. To decipher the molecular mechanism, here we report two cryo-electron microscopy structures of <i>Anabaena</i> transcription activation complexes (TACs): NtcA-TAC composed of RNAP holoenzyme, promoter and a global activator NtcA, and NtcA-NtcB-TAC comprising an extra context-specific regulator NtcB. Structural analysis showed that NtcA binding makes the promoter DNA bend by ∼50º, which facilitates RNAP to contact NtcB at the distal upstream NtcB box. The sequential binding of NtcA and NtcB induces looping back of promoter DNA towards RNAP, enabling the assembly of a fully activated TAC bound with two activators. Together with biochemical assays, we propose a ‘DNA looping’ mechanism of cooperative transcription activation in bacteria.
Rapidly Evolving Genes in Human. I. The Glycophorins and Their Possible Role in Evading Malaria Parasites
Authors: H.-Y. Wang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

In an attempt to identify all fast-evolving genes between human and other primates, we found three glycophorins, GPA, GPB, and GPE, to have the highest rate of nonsynonymous substitutions among the 280 genes surveyed. The Ka/Ks ratios are generally greater than 3 for GPA, GPB, and GPE in human, chimpanzee, and gorilla, indicating positive selection. The uniformly high substitution rate across loci can be explained by the frequent sequence exchanges among genes. GPA is the receptor for the binding ligand EBA-175 of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. The levels of nonsynonymous divergence and polymorphism of EBA-175 are also the highest in the genome of P. falciparum. We hypothesize that GPA has been evolving rapidly to evade malaria parasites. Both the high rate of nonsynonymous substitutions and the frequent interlocus conversions may be means of evasion. The support for the evasion hypothesis is still indirect, but, unlike other hypotheses, it can be tested specifically and systematically.
Care closer to home: past mistakes, future opportunities
Authors: Minoo Irani, Michael Dixon, John D Dean
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

The Government White Paper on improving community health and care services (Our Health, Our Care, Our Say) proposes shifting care within particular specialties from hospital into community settings. The intention is to provide seamless care for patients when and where they want it, in more local and convenient settings. Professionals in primary and secondary care will need to respond by developing new ways of working to enable this policy to be effective. In this paper, we discuss the evidence of the effect of initiatives during previous health care reconfigurations to shift the balance of power from secondary to primary care. We also suggest a partnership model for primary and secondary care clinicians and discuss the potential advantages of working practices across the primary-secondary care divide.

Summary


Shifting care within particular specialties into community settings is emphasized in the Government's recent White Paper;


Two innovations in recent years involving the primary-secondary health care interface have been specialist outreach clinics and general practitioners (GPs) with specialist interests;


Both models demonstrate increased levels of patient satisfaction, but may not be cost-effective;


It is essential that mistakes of the past are not repeated, but opportunities for better integration of primary and secondary care are not missed.
REINFORCEMENT OF CONVALESCENT ANTIPOLIOMYELITIC SERUM IN THE MONKEY
Authors: C. P. Rhoads
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

A comparison has been made of the neutralizing value of pooled convalescent monkey serum for the filtered virus of poliomyelitis, before and after a series of reinforcement injections of the same virus strain. The strength of the pooled convalescent serum is increased by the reinforcing procedure. The original monkey convalescent serum had a neutralization value much below that of a pooled human convalescent serum. By reinforcement the neutralization value of the monkey serum was brought approximately to that of the human serum. One sample of serum from a supposedly normal child of 8 years exhibited a neutralizing value approximately equal to that of a pooled human convalescent serum and the reinforced pooled monkey serum.
North-south divide in social inequalities in Great Britain: Self perceived health is affected by anxiety and self esteem
Authors: Michael Croft
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Doran et al clearly believe that the term “poor health” is synonymous with “self reported poor health.”1 A precise definition of “health” is beyond crisp definition, but we should at least agree the difference between health (measured objectively) and health (reported subjectively). This work begs this question.

My own perspective is that self perceived …
Pleural Effusions: The Diagnostic Separation of Transudates and Exudates
Authors: RICHARD W. LIGHT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

In this prospective study of 150 pleural effusions, the utility of pleural-fluid cell counts, protein levels, and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels for the separation of transudates from exudates was evaluated. According to preset diagnostic criteria, 47 of the effusions were classified as transudates and 103 as exudates. Three characteristics were found, each of which was associated with over 70% of the exudates and, at most, one of the transudates: [1] a pleural fluid-to-serum protein ratio greater than 0.5; [2] a pleural fluid LDH greater than 200 IU; and [3] a pleural fluid-to-serum LDH ratio greater than 0.6. Moreover, all but one exudate had at least one of these three characteristics, whereas only one transudate had any of the three. The simultaneous use of both the pleural-fluid protein and LDH levels better differentiates transudates from exudates than does the use of either of these values individually.
Aspirin and Bleeding
Authors: Armand J. Quick
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor:—  My observation that aspirin increases the bleeding time and accentuates the bleeding tendency in bleeders sensitive to the drug, 1 and can thus greatly worsen their clinical state, has not made the impact it warrants. This is clearly pointed out by the editorial on Aspirin and Gastric Hemorrhage ( 215 :790, 1971) and the article on Intracerebral Hematoma in a Hemophiliac ( 215 :791-792, 1971). To explain the hemostatic defect caused by aspirin as essentially that of a prolonged bleeding time, probably caused by reduction in platelet stickiness is not only inadequate but decidedly unilateral. From what is now known about platelet stickiness, considerable speculation is required to attribute severe clinical bleeding to a mechanically determined property. In view of this speculation, it would seem only fair to acquaint the reader with another view. 2   It is noteworthy that in the article on the intracerebral hematoma, the ingestion of
Insulin and Glucose Excursion Following Premeal Insulin Lispro or Repaglinide in Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes
Authors: Antoinette Moran, James Phillips, Carlos Milla
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—Insulin and glucose levels in response to premeal insulin lispro or repaglinide were evaluated in adult patients with cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD) without fasting hyperglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Seven patients with CFRD were fed 1,000-kcal liquid mixed meals. Three study conditions were administered in random order on separate mornings: 1) no premeal diabetes medication, 2) insulin lispro, 0.1 unit/kg body wt premeal and 3) repaglinide 1 mg premeal. Glucose and insulin levels were measured every 20 min for 5 h. RESULTS—Fasting insulin and glucose levels were normal in patients with CFRD, but the peak glucose level was elevated. Insulin lispro significantly decreased the peak glucose level (P = 0.0004) and the 2-h (P = 0.001) and 5-h (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) glucose area under the curve (AUC). Repaglinide significantly decreased the 5-h glucose AUC (P = 0.03). Neither drug completely normalized cystic fibrosis glucose excursion at the doses used for this study. Insulin lispro significantly increased the 5-h insulin AUC (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS—In response to subcutaneous insulin lispro, postprandial glucose excursion was significantly diminished and insulin secretion was enhanced compared with a control meal in which no medication was given to patients with CFRD. The oral agent repaglinide resulted in lesser corrections in these parameters. Neither drug completely normalized glucose or insulin levels, suggesting that the doses chosen for this study were suboptimal. Placebo-controlled longitudinal studies comparing the effectiveness of repaglinide and insulin on glucose metabolic control as well as overall nutrition and body weight are needed to help determine optimal medical treatment of CFRD.
mTORC1 Controls Mitochondrial Activity and Biogenesis through 4E-BP-Dependent Translational Regulation
Authors: Masahiro Morita, Simon-Pierre Gravel, Valérie Chénard, Kristina Sikström, Liang Zheng, Tommy Alain, Valentina Gandin, Daina Avizonis, Meztli Arguello, Chadi Zakaria, Shannon McLaughlan, Yann Nouet, Arnim Pause, Michael Pollak, Eyal Gottlieb, Ola Larsson, Julie St-Pierre, Ivan Topisirovic, Nahum Sonenberg
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Cognitive Behavior Therapy versus Supportive Therapy in Social Phobia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jean Cottraux, Ivan Note, Eliane Albuisson, Saï Nan Yao, Brigitte Note, Evelyne Mollard, Françoise Bonasse, Isabelle Jalenques, Janine Guérin, André Julien Coudert
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

&lt;i&gt;Background: &lt;/i&gt;The efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in social phobia has been demonstrated in several controlled trials and meta-analyses, but no comparison of CBT with supportive therapy (ST) can be found in the literature. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; The aim of the trial was to study the effectiveness of CBT versus ST carried out ‘as usual’. Sixty-seven DSM-4 social phobic patients (89% generalized subtype, most with avoidant personality) were randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 (CBT) received 8 1-hour sessions of individual cognitive therapy (CT) for 6 weeks, followed by 6 2-hour sessions of social skills training (SST) in group weekly. Group 2 received ST for 12 weeks (6 half-hour sessions), then the patients were switched to CBT. All patients agreed not to take any medication during the whole trial. In group 1, 29 patients reached week 6, 27 reached week 12, and 24 weeks 36 and 60 (endpoint). In group 2, 29 patients reached week 6, 28 reached weeks 12 and 18, 26 week 24, and 23 reached weeks 48 and 72 (endpoint). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; At week 6, after CT, group 1 was better than group 2 on the main social phobia measure. At week 12, after SST, group 1 was better than group 2 on most of the measures and demonstrated a significantly higher rate of responders. This finding was replicated after switching group 2 to CBT. Sustained improvement was observed in both groups at follow-up. Compliance with abstinence from medication increased over time. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; CBT was more effective than ST and demonstrated long-lasting effects. This may suggest that social phobia management requires more than a simple and inexpensive psychological intervention.
Cross-sectional study of rheumatoid arthritis treatment in a university hospital.
Authors: W T Friesen, Y A Hekster, L B van de Putte, F W Gribnau
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Drug prescribing patterns for the management of inpatients and outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated. The population of patients resembled published epidemiological descriptions of RA patients with respect to age and sex distribution. Multiple drug therapy was common in the treatment of both hospitalised and clinic patients. 90% of all patients with RA received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy, indomethacin and naproxen being the two most frequently prescribed NSAIDs for both in- and outpatients. The vast majority of inpatients (85%) and outpatients (79%) received slow-acting antirheumatic drug (SAARD) treatment. 13% of hospitalised patients received H2-antagonist drugs in addition to their NSAIDs. A high proportion of inpatients (46%) received oral corticosteroids in the management of their rheumatoid arthritis, while only 15% of clinic patients were prescribed corticosteroids.
1043-47 Evidence for immediate induced percutaneous coronary intervention matrix metalloproteinase 2 variations in peripheral samples to predict target vessel revascularization after nondrug-eluting stent implantation
Authors: Camille Brasselet, Sophie Pérotin, Roselyne Garnotel, Antoine Lafont, Marie Métivier, Jacques Elaerts, Philippe Gillery, Damien Metz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
EMOTIONAL CONTENT OF SUICIDE NOTES
Authors: JACOB TUCKMAN, ROBERT J. KLEINER, MARTHA LAVELL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

1. An analysis was made of the emotional content of notes left by 165 suicides in Philadelphia over a 5-year period. Over half the notes showed such positive affect as gratitude, affection, and concern for the welfare of others, while only 24% expressed hostile or negative feelings directed toward themselves or the outside world, and 25% were completely neutral in affect. 2. Persons aged 45 and over showed less affect than those under 45, with a concomitant increase in neutral affect. 3. Persons who were separated or divorced showed more hostility than those single, married, or widowed. 4. It is believed that these findings have certain implications for further understanding of suicide and ultimate steps toward prevention. The recognition that positive or neutral feelings are present in the majority of cases should lead to a more promising outlook in the care and treatment of potential suicides if they can be identified.
Dalteparin did not differ from unfractionated heparin for reducing proximal DVT in critically ill patients
Authors: David A. Garcia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

ACP Journal Club19 July 2011Dalteparin did not differ from unfractionated heparin for reducing proximal DVT in critically ill patientsDavid A. Garcia, MDDavid A. Garcia, MDUniversity of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (D.A.G.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-02007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationCook D, Meade M, Guyatt G, et al. Dalteparin versus unfractionated heparin in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1305-14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21417952Clinical Impact RatingsHematology: Critical Care: References1 Stein RD, Henry JW. Prevalence of acute pulmonary embolism among patients in a general hospital and at autopsy. Chest. 1995;108:978-81. [PMID: 7555172] Google Scholar2 Douketis J, Cook D, Meade M, et al; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Prophylaxis against deep vein thrombosis in critically ill patients with severe renal insufficiency with the low-molecular-weight heparin dalteparin: an assessment of safety and pharmacodynamics: the DIRECT study. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1805-12. [PMID: 18779469] Google Scholar3 Selleng K, Warkentin TE, Greinacher A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in intensive care patients. Crit Care Med. 2007;35:1165-76. [PMID: 17334253] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (D.A.G.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 July 2011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 July 2011Volume 155, Issue 2Page: JC1-7KeywordsCritical careDeep vein thrombosisHemorrhageHeparinHeparin-induced thrombocytopeniaIntensive care unitsProphylaxisPulmonary embolismThromboembolismThrombosis ePublished: 19 July 2011 Issue Published: 19 July 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...