tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of plyometric exercises on selected motor abilities of university level female basketball players
Authors: Chetna Chaudhary, Birendra Jhajharia
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Today there is not a single sport in the world at the competitive level for which resistance training in some or the other form is not used as conditioning exercises. Plyometric training is an excellent method of developing body power and it is proved as a very effective method for improving explosive strength. The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of plyometric exercises on selected motor abilities of university level female basketball players. The subjects, 20 female basketball players of Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior, were randomly divided in two groups, that is, experimental and control group. The age of subjects varied between 18 and 22 years. The criterion measures vertical jump, 20-m dash, movement speed, flexibility and agility in the beginning and at the end of the experimental period of 6 weeks for both the groups. In order to study the effect of plyometric exercises on selected motor abilities, the analysis of co-variance is used at the 0.05 level of significance. It was concluded that the plyometric training is an effective means for improving the following variables: agility, flexibility vertical jump and movement speed. On the other hand, plyometric training is not an effective means for improving the variable, that is, speed of movement (20-m dash). There was no significant improvement in case of control group.
Gamma-interferon modifies guinea pig airway functions in vitro
Authors: H Chen, M Munakata, M Amishima, H Ukita, Y Masaki, Y Homma, Y Kawakami
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Cytokines produced by T-lymphocytes may have significant roles in the airway inflammation seen in bronchial asthma. Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), a T-cell derived cytokine, is known to modify functions of both immune and non-immune cells. In this study, we investigated whether IFN-gamma can modify guinea pig airway functions in vitro. The isometric tension of guinea pig airway strips was measured in a tissue bath filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution. Contracting responses to carbachol and KCl, and the relaxing response to isoproterenol (ISO) were examined. Effects of IFN-gamma were examined by comparing responses of the strips incubated with or without IFN-gamma (1000 U.ml-1; 25,000 U.ml-1). Contracting responses to carbachol and KCl were not affected by the incubation with IFN-gamma other than slight increased in maximum contraction by carbachol after 5 hours incubation with 25,000 U.ml-1 of IFN-gamma. Both 1 and 5 h incubation of strips with 25,000 U.ml-1 IFN-gamma significantly increased the sensitivity to ISO (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05, respectively) without affecting maximum relaxation. The effect of IFN-gamma on ISO relaxation was abolished by the denudation of airway epithelium from strips, indomethacin (2 microM), and cycloheximide (70 microM) but not by N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (30 microM). In addition, heat-inactivated IFN-gamma and bacterial endotoxin (LPS, 0.625 pg.ml-1) had no effect on ISO relaxation. These results suggest that IFN-gamma is able to modify airway smooth muscle response to beta-adrenergic agonist by inducing release of prostanoids from airway epithelium.
Heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) changes in patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) following setup of non-invasive ventilation (NIV)
Authors: Michelle Ramsay, Martino F. Pengo, Judita Jeran, Nicholas Hart, Joerg Steier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction: HRV and BP are indicators of autonomic nervous function, which can be affected by sleep disordered-breathing. We hypothesised that HRV and BP would describe the autonomic response to ventilatory support in NMD patients set up on NIV.

Methods: NMD patients requiring domiciliary NIV were enrolled. Heart rate was measured overnight during self ventilation (SV), the first night of NIV initiation and following 3 months of NIV. Data were filtered and Fast-Fourier-Transformation was performed.

Results: 6 NMD patients were recruited; 4 Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 1 motor neuron disease and 1 multi-system atrophy. We found a significant reduction of diastolic blood pressure, when comparing first night NIV with 3 months NIV (median 93 mmHg (77-103) vs 78 mmHg (73-88), p<0.01). Low frequency and high frequency domains increased (SV vs NIV), whilst there was a reduction in heart rate and sympathetic/parasympathetic ratio, as indicated by the low/high frequency ratio.

![Figure][1] 



Conclusion: Using HRV and BP as markers for autonomic nervous function in NMD patients, NIV has been shown to have beneficial effects beyond the control of ventilation. Specifically, there was a reduction in sympathetic tone, heart rate and diastolic blood pressure. The measurement of HRV will allow assessment of the impact of NIV in reducing cardiovascular risk and long-term morbidity.

 [1]: pending:yes
Profound Mishandling of Protein Glycation Degradation Products in Uremia and Dialysis
Authors: Stamatina Agalou, Naila Ahmed, Roya Babaei-Jadidi, Anne Dawnay, Paul J. Thornalley
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

The aim of this study was to define the severe deficits of protein glycation adduct clearance in chronic renal failure and elimination in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) therapy using a liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detection method. Physiologic proteolysis of proteins damaged by glycation, oxidation, and nitration forms protein glycation, oxidation, and nitration free adducts that are released into plasma for urinary excretion. Inefficient elimination of these free adducts in uremia may lead to their accumulation. Patients with mild uremic chronic renal failure had plasma glycation free adduct concentrations increased up to five-fold associated with a decline in renal clearance. In patients with ESRD, plasma glycation free adducts were increased up to 18-fold on PD and up to 40-fold on HD. Glycation free adduct concentrations in peritoneal dialysate increased over 2- to 12-h dwell time, exceeding the plasma levels markedly. Plasma glycation free adducts equilibrated rapidly with dialysate of HD patients, with both plasma and dialysate concentrations decreasing during a 4-h dialysis session. It is concluded that there are severe deficits of protein glycation free adduct clearance in chronic renal failure and in ESRD on PD and HD therapy.
The Chitinase-like Proteins Breast Regression Protein-39 and YKL-40 Regulate Hyperoxia-induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Myung Hyun Sohn, Min-Jong Kang, Hiroshi Matsuura, Vineet Bhandari, Ning-Yuan Chen, Chun Geun Lee, Jack A. Elias
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Prolonged exposure to 100% O(2) causes hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI), characterized by alveolar epithelial cell injury and death. We previously demonstrated that the murine chitinase-like protein, breast regression protein (BRP)-39 and its human homolog, YKL-40, inhibit cellular apoptosis. However, the regulation and roles of these molecules in hyperoxia have not been addressed.We hypothesized that BRP-39 and YKL-40 (also called chitinase-3-like 1) play important roles in the pathogenesis of HALI.We characterized the regulation of BRP-39 during HALI and the responses induced by hyperoxia in wild-type mice, BRP-39-null (-/-) mice, and BRP-39(-/-) mice in which YKL-40 was overexpressed in respiratory epithelium. We also compared the levels of tracheal aspirate YKL-40 in premature newborns with respiratory failure.These studies demonstrate that hyperoxia inhibits BRP-39 in vivo in the murine lung and in vitro in epithelial cells. They also demonstrate that BRP-39(-/-) mice have exaggerated permeability, protein leak, oxidation, inflammatory, chemokine, and epithelial apoptosis responses, and experience premature death in 100% O(2). Lastly, they demonstrate that YKL-40 ameliorates HALI, prolongs survival in 100% O(2), and rescues the exaggerated injury response in BRP-39(-/-) animals. In accord with these findings, the levels of tracheal aspirate YKL-40 were lower in premature infants treated with hyperoxia for respiratory failure who subsequently experienced bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death compared with those that did not experience these complications.These studies demonstrate that hyperoxia inhibits BRP-39/YKL-40, and that BRP-39 and YKL-40 are critical regulators of oxidant injury, inflammation, and epithelial apoptosis in the murine and human lung.
Sequence of the Spacer in the Recombination Signal Sequence Affects V(D)J Rearrangement Frequency and Correlates with Nonrandom Vκ Usage In Vivo
Authors: Bertrand Nadel, Alan Tang, Guia Escuro, Geanncarlo Lugo, Ann J. Feeney
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Functional variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments contribute unequally to the primary repertoire. One factor contributing to this nonrandom usage is the relative frequency with which the different gene segments rearrange. Variation from the consensus sequence in the heptamer and nonamer of the recombination signal sequence (RSS) is therefore considered a major factor affecting the relative representation of gene segments in the primary repertoire. In this study, we show that the sequence of the spacer is also a determinant factor contributing to the frequency of rearrangement. Moreover, the effect of the spacer on recombination rates of various human Vkappa gene segments in vitro correlates with their frequency of rearrangement in vivo in pre-B cells and with their representation in the peripheral repertoire.
Suicide rate 22 years after parasuicide: cohort study
Authors: G. R Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The rate of suicide for people who have had an episode of parasuicide is 100 times higher in the year following the episode than that of the general population. 1 Providing a high standard of care to patients who deliberately harm themselves could help to reduce this rate. 2Long term follow up studies show that the increased rate of suicide persists. 3However, the long term risk of suicide in patients in the United Kingdom is uncertain.We traced a consecutive sample of patients 22 years after they presented to a central London teaching hospital after an episode of parasuicide in the late 1970s.
Comparative genetic analyses point to HCP5 as susceptibility locus for HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Christian M. Lange, Stéphanie Bibert, Jean-François Dufour, Cristina Cellerai, Andreas Cerny, Markus H. Heim, Laurent Kaiser, Raffaele Malinverni, Beat Müllhaupt, Francesco Negro, David Semela, Darius Moradpour, Zoltán Kutalik, Pierre-Yves Bochud
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Cytokines and immuno-endocrine factors in recurrent miscarriage
Authors: K. Lim
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1996)

Recurrent miscarriage remains an enigma. The main aetiologies are endocrinological, immunological and unexplained. With the growth in molecular biology, it is now possible to look at the effect of these aetiologies in more detail, allowing greater understanding of the underlying pathogenesis. Keywords: cytokines/recurrent miscarriage
Abstract LB-23: Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies multiple loci associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Authors: Sonja I. Berndt, Christine F. Skibola, Vijai Joseph, Nicola J. Camp, Alexandra Nieters, Zhaoming Wang, Wendy Cozen, Alain Monnereau, Rachel S. Kelly, Silvia de Sanjose, Martha S. Linet, Elio Riboli, Paolo Vineis, Henrik Hjalgrim, James R. Cerhan, Stephen J. Chanock, Nathaniel Rothman, Susan L. Slager
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Despite limited discovery stages (&amp;lt;1,125 cases), genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified 13 loci associated with risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL); however, these loci only explain a portion of the heritability. To identify additional genetic loci associated with CLL susceptibility, we conducted the largest meta-analysis of GWAS, to date, including 3,100 CLL cases and 7,667 controls of European ancestry from 25 independent studies genotyped on four different SNP microarrays. Association testing was conducted assuming a log-additive genetic model, adjusting for age, sex, and significant principal components. Meta-analyses were performed using the fixed effects inverse variance method based on the beta estimates and standard errors from each study. Promising loci were taken forward for replication in three additional studies totaling 788 cases and 4,872 controls. In the meta-analysis of both the discovery and replication studies, we conclusively identified ten independent SNPs in nine novel loci that reached genome-wide significance (P&amp;lt;5 x 10−8): 10q23.31 (FAS; P=1.22x10−14), 18q21.33 (BCL2; P=2.66x10−12 and P=7.76x10−11), 11p15.5 (C11orf21; P=2.15x10−10), 4q25 (LEF1; P=4.24x10−10), 2q33.1 (CASP8; P=2.50x10−9), 9p21.3 (CDKN2B-AS1; P=1.27x10−8), 18q21.32 (PMAIP1; P=2.51x10−8), 15q15.1 (BMF; P=2.71x10−10), and 2p22.2 (QPCT; P=1.68x10−8) as well as an independent signal at an established locus (2q13, ACOXL, P=2.08x10−18). We also found evidence for two additional promising loci that reached marginal genome-wide significance (P&amp;lt;2.0x10−7) at 8q22.3 (ODF1; P=5.40x10−8) and 5p15.33 (TERT; P=1.92x10−7). Although further studies are required, the proximity of five of the novel loci to genes involved in apoptosis suggests a possible unifying underlying biological mechanism. Together with the previously established loci, these genetic loci explain ~17% of the familial risk of CLL. Citation Format: Sonja I. Berndt, Christine F. Skibola, Vijai Joseph, Nicola J. Camp, Alexandra Nieters, Zhaoming Wang, Wendy Cozen, Alain Monnereau, Rachel S. Kelly, Silvia de Sanjose, Martha S. Linet, Elio Riboli, Paolo Vineis, Henrik Hjalgrim, James R. Cerhan, Stephen J. Chanock, Nathaniel Rothman, Susan L. Slager. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies multiple loci associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-23. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-23
Alendronate Inhibits Intraperitoneal Dissemination in <i>In vivo</i> Ovarian Cancer Model
Authors: Kae Hashimoto, Ken-ichirou Morishige, Kenjiro Sawada, Masahiro Tahara, Rikako Kawagishi, Yoshihide Ikebuchi, Masahiro Sakata, Keiichi Tasaka, Yuji Murata
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Ovarian cancer is characterized by diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis and often by large volumes of ascites. We previously reported that alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, inhibited ovarian cancer cell migration by attenuating the activation of Rho through inhibiting the mevalonate pathway. However, questions remain about the ability of alendronate to inhibit the invasiveness of cancer cells to the adherent tissues and the growth of disseminated ovarian cancer in vivo. We established an in vivo ovarian cancer model with i.p. carcinomatosis in athymic immunodeficient mice. In the prevention model, in which alendronate administration started from the day after tumor inoculation, alendronate prevented the stromal invasion, reduced the tumor burden, and inhibited ascites accumulation. Histologic observation revealed that alendronate treatment decreased the stromal invasion of the i.p. tumor while inhibiting the metalloproteinase-2 activity in ascites. This antitumor effect might result from the inhibition of cancer cell migration and proteolytic activity. In the treatment model, in which alendronate was given from 10 days after tumor inoculation when macroscopic tumors are already implanted in the peritoneum, the antitumor effect was weaker but still significant. Furthermore, alendronate administration decreased the serum CA-125 levels of mice bearing disseminated ovarian cancer compared with those of nontreated mice. The potent effects of alendronate in reducing stromal invasion, tumor burden, and ascites suggest that it will be of value in regimens for treatment of women with ovarian cancer.
Novel targeted agents for gastric cancer
Authors: Lian Liu, Ning Wu, Jin Li
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2012)

Contemporary advancements have had little impact on the treatment of gastric cancer (GC), the world's second highest cause of cancer death. Agents targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor mediated pathways have been a common topic of contemporary cancer research, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Trastuzumab is the first target agent evidencing improvements in overall survival in HER2-positive (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) gastric cancer patients. Agents targeting vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and other biological pathways are also undergoing clinical trials, with some marginally positive results. Effective targeted therapy requires patient selection based on predictive molecular biomarkers. Most phase III clinical trials are carried out without patient selection; therefore, it is hard to achieve personalized treatment and to monitor patient outcome individually. The trend for future clinical trials requires patient selection methods based on current understanding of GC biology with the application of biomarkers.
A phase II study of Gemcitabine and immunotherapy in renal cancer: preliminary results and review of the literature
Authors: F. Zustovich, G. Cartei, M. Dal Bianco, L. De Zorzi, R. Ceravolo, S. Zovato, F. Salmaso, S. Binato, G. Artioli, S. Cingarlini, D. Pastorelli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)
A comparison of placental development and endocrine functions between the human and mouse model
Authors: A. Malassine, J.- L. Frendo, D. Evain-Brion
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2003)

The placenta plays a key role in pregnancy, mediating exchanges between mother and fetus and maternal tolerance of fetopaternal antigens. In some species, it also produces hormones that ensure the maintenance of gestation and fetal well‐being. This unique organ also has considerable potential for use as a model for various aspects of biology. Indeed, the use of transgenic mouse models has greatly improved our understanding of the genetic control of placental development in this species and has opened up new fields of investigation in developmental biology. Analogous cell types have been identified among human and murine trophoblasts: proliferative trophoblastic cells, invasive trophoblastic cells and cells differentiating into syncytium, but human and mouse placentas differ in both morphogenesis and endocrine function. Herein, the similarities and differences between the human and mouse models are reviewed, with a view to encouraging caution in the extrapolation of results from one model to the other.
Biochemical Outcome After Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiation Therapy, or Interstitial Radiation Therapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Anthony V. D'Amico
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-Interstitial radiation (implant) therapy is used to treat clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate, but how it compares with other treatments is not known.Objective.-Toestimate control of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiation (RT), or implant with or without neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.Design.-Retrospective cohort study of outcome data compared using Cox regression multivariable analyses.Setting and Patients.-Atotal of 1872 men treated between January 1989 and October 1997 with an RP (n = 888) or implant with or without neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (n = 218) at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, or RT (n = 766) at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, Mass, were enrolled.Main Outcome Measure.-Actuarialfreedom from PSA failure (defined as PSA outcome).Results.-The relative risk (RR) of PSA failure in low-risk patients (stage T1c, T2a and PSA level Յ10 ng/mL and Gleason score Յ6) treated using RT, implant plus androgen deprivation therapy, or implant therapy was 1.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-2.7),0.5 (95% CI, 0.1-1.9),and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.3-3.6),respectively, compared with those patients treated with RP.The RRs of PSA failure in the intermediate-risk patients (stage T2b or Gleason score of 7 or PSA level Ͼ10 and Յ20 ng/mL) and high-risk patients (stage T2c or PSA level Ͼ20 ng/mL or Gleason score Ն8) treated with implant compared with RP were 3.1 (95% CI, 1.5-6.1)and 3.0 (95% CI, 1.8-5.0),respectively.The addition of androgen deprivation to implant therapy did not improve PSA outcome in high-risk patients but resulted in a PSA outcome that was not statistically different compared with the results obtained using RP or RT in intermediate-risk patients.These results were unchanged when patients were stratified using the traditional rankings of biopsy Gleason scores of 2 through 4 vs 5 through 6 vs 7 vs 8 through 10.Conclusions.-Low-riskpatients had estimates of 5-year PSA outcome after treatment with RP, RT, or implant with or without neoadjuvant androgen deprivation that were not statistically different, whereas intermediate-and high-risk patients treated with RP or RT did better then those treated by implant.Prospective randomized trials are needed to verify these findings.