tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How they won Rugby World Cup through height, mass and collective experience
Authors: Adrien Sedeaud, Andy Marc, Julien Schipman, Muriel Tafflet, Jean-Philippe Hager, Jean-François Toussaint
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

To investigate the evolution of anthropometric characteristics in World Cup rugby players and identify elements associated with performance.Age, weight and height were collected for 2692 World Cup rugby players as well as rankings in each World Cup, and collective experience of winners, finalists, semifinalists and quarter finalists in comparison to the rest of the competitors. Anthropometric parameters were compared according to age and position (back and forwards).From 1987 to 2007, forwards and backs have become heavier by 6.63 and 6.68 kg and taller by 0.61 and 1.09 cm, respectively. The collective experience of the forwards' pack is a value increasing with the final ranking attained, as well as the weight of forwards and the height of backs.For all Rugby World Cups, the highest performing teams have the tallest backs and heaviest forwards with the highest percentage of collective experience.
Visceral adiposity and incident coronary heart disease in Japanese-American men. The 10-year follow-up results of the Seattle Japanese-American Community Diabetes Study.
Authors: W Y Fujimoto, R W Bergstrom, E J Boyko, K W Chen, D L Leonetti, L Newell-Morris, J B Shofer, P W Wahl
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To identify risk factors for incident coronary heart disease (CHD).A total of 175 Japanese-American men without CHD were followed for up to 10 years. Baseline variables were blood pressure, weight, BMI, fat areas by computed tomography, skinfold thicknesses, abdominal circumference, plasma insulin, C-peptide, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, HDL2 cholesterol, and HDL3 cholesterol, triglycerides, apoproteins A1 and B, and diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension. CHD was diagnosed by electrocardiogram and clinical events. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio.There were 50 incident cases of CHD. Using univariate logistic regression analysis, significant risk factors were intra-abdominal fat (P = 0.0090), fasting glucose (P = 0.0002), 2-h glucose (P = 0.0008), fasting HDL cholesterol (P = 0.0086), fasting HDL2 cholesterol (P = 0.030), fasting HDL3 cholesterol (P = 0.018), fasting triglycerides (P = 0.013), systolic (P = 0.0007) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.0002), and presence of diabetes (P = 0.0023). Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for BMI and age showed that intra-abdominal fat accounted for the effects of HDL cholesterol or triglycerides. In a multiple logistic regression model that included intra-abdominal fat, all systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose were significant. Substituting diastolic blood pressure for systolic blood pressure and 2-h glucose or diabetes status for fasting glucose produced similar results.Visceral adiposity, blood pressure, and plasma glucose are important independent risk factors for incident CHD in this population of diabetic and nondiabetic Japanese-American men.
Chronic Ulceration and Fibrosis of the Forearm
Authors: Eduardo Rozas-Muñoz, Maria Pilar García-Muret, Lluís Puig
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Awhiteman inhis30switha7-yearhistoryof severe,mechanical, lowbackpain and longstandingmental depressionwas referred to thedermatologydepartment for evaluationof an asymptomatic cutaneous ulcer that had developed over the past year. Physical examinationdisclosed a large anddeep, irregularly shaped, cutaneous ulcer on thedorsumof his right forearm.Necrotic tissueandmuscleexposurewasseenat thebaseof theulcer (Figure, A). Woody induration of skin on both forearms and on the abdominal region was also observed. Bilateral contracture of deltoid, triceps, and bicepsmuscles was noted. Active and passive range of motion was restricted at the shoulders and elbows. No signs of joint inflammation were seen. At the time of consultation, the patient was taking oral treatment with duloxetine hydrochloride, clonazepam, oxcarbazepine, fentanyl, sulpiride, zopiclone, omeprazolemagnesium, and baclofen. He also admitted to self-administering subcutaneous injectionsofmeperidine, 100mg4 timesperday, for thepast 3 years, at different sites, including the deltoid areas and abdomen. Growth from culture specimens taken from the ulcer was negative for bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungal organisms. His serum creatinine kinase level was raised (192 U/L; reference range, 0-174 U/L), but test results for complete blood cell count; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, aspartateaminotransferase,alanineaminotransaminase,andaldolase levels;andserumelectrophoresis were all within normal limits. A wedge biopsy from the indurated skin of the abdominal regionwas performed (Figure, B andC). (To convert creatinine kinase tomicrokatals per liter, multiply by 0.0167.) A
Role of the Carboxy-Terminal Region of the GluRε2 Subunit in Synaptic Localization of the NMDA Receptor Channel
Authors: Hisashi Mori, Toshiya Manabe, Masahiko Watanabe, Yasushi Satoh, Norimitsu Suzuki, Shima Toki, Kazuhiro Nakamura, Takeshi Yagi, Etsuko Kushiya, Tomoyuki Takahashi, Yoshiro Inoue, Kenji Sakimura, Masayoshi Mishina
Journal: Neuron (1998)
Progress towards butyrate-producing pharmabiotics:<i>Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum</i>capsule and efficacy in TNBS models in comparison with therapeutics: Table 1
Authors: Venessa Eeckhaut, Richard Ducatelle, Benedikt Sas, Séverine Vermeire, Filip Van Immerseel
Journal: Gut (2013)

We read with interest the commentary of Philippe Marteau1 on our study2 in which the author rightly questions the therapeutic value of butyrate-producing bacteria as pharmabiotics in humans because of their difficulty to grow in vitro. While indeed lactic acid bacteria are easy to grow but seem to have limited efficacy, the butyrate-producing bacteria from Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa are promising candidates as pharmabiotics, provided that the strains can be cultured and formulated in a stable way. Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum easily grows under anaerobic conditions in M2GSC medium reaching 108 cfu/mL after 24 h incubation. Our group further evaluated the survival and viability of B pullicaecorum in hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) capsules after they were anaerobically lyophilised in horse serum supplemented with 7.5% trehalose and 1 mg/mL cysteine HCl and only observed a reduction of 1 log after 7 months. Now, after 15 months of storage at 4°C, still 107 …
Consolidation Docetaxel After Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Stage IIIB Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Phase II Southwest Oncology Group Study S9504
Authors: David R. Gandara, Kari Chansky, Kathy S. Albain, Bryan R. Leigh, Laurie E. Gaspar, Primo N. Lara, Howard Burris, Paul Gumerlock, J. Philip Kuebler, James D. Bearden, John Crowley, Robert Livingston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To test the concept of taxane sequencing in combined-modality therapy, this phase II trial (S9504) evaluated consolidation docetaxel after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with pathologically documented stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results were compared with those of the predecessor study (S9019) with identical eligibility, staging criteria, and treatment, excepting docetaxel consolidation.Treatment consisted of cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 29, and 36, etoposide 50 mg/m2 on days 1 through 5 and 29 through 33, and concurrent thoracic radiotherapy (total dose of 61 Gy). Consolidation docetaxel started 4 to 6 weeks after chemoradiotherapy at an initial dose of 75 mg/m2.Stage subsets (tumor-node-metastasis system) in 83 eligible patients were as follows: T4N0/1, 31 patients (37%); T4N2, 22 patients (27%), and T1-3N3, 30 patients (36%). Concurrent chemoradiotherapy was generally well tolerated, but two patients died from probable radiation-associated pneumonitis. Neutropenia during consolidation docetaxel was common (57% with grade 4) and most frequent during escalation to 100 mg/m2. Median progression-free survival was 16 months, median survival was 26 months, and 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 76%, 54%, and 37%, respectively. Brain metastasis was the most common site of failure. In S9019, median survival was 15 months and 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 58%, 34%, and 17%, respectively.Consolidation docetaxel after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in stage IIIB NSCLC is feasible and generally tolerable, and results compare favorably with the predecessor trial S9019. Nevertheless, this study remains hypothesis-generating and does not provide definitive evidence of the benefit of this approach. Phase III trials evaluating the S9504 regimen have been initiated to validate these results.
Systematic safety follow up in a cohort of 107 patients with spondyloarthropathy treated with infliximab: a new perspective on the role of host defence in the pathogenesis of the disease?
Authors: D Baeten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Recent studies with infliximab indicate the therapeutic potential of tumour necrosis factor α blockade in spondyloarthropathy (SpA). Because defective host defence is implicated in the pathogenesis of SpA, the potential side effects of this treatment due to impact on the antimicrobial defence are a major concern. <b>Objective:</b> To report systematically the adverse events seen in a large cohort of patients with SpA treated with infliximab, with special attention to bacterial infections. <b>Patients and methods:</b> 107 patients with SpA were treated with infliximab for a total of 191.5 patient years. All serious and/or treatment related adverse events were reported. <b>Results:</b> Eight severe infections occurred, including two reactivations of tuberculosis and three retropharyngeal abscesses, and six minor infections with clear bacterial focus. One patient developed a spinocellular carcinoma of the skin. No cases of demyelinating disease or lupus-like syndrome were seen. Two patients had an infusion reaction, which, however, did not relapse during the next infusion. Finally, three patients with ankylosing spondylitis developed palmoplantar pustulosis. All patients recovered completely with adequate treatment, and infliximab treatment had to be stopped in only five patients with severe infections. <b>Conclusions:</b> Although the global safety of infliximab in SpA is good compared with previous reports in rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, the occurrence of infections such as tuberculosis and retropharyngeal abscesses highlights the importance of careful screening and follow up. Focal nasopharyngeal infections and infection related symptoms, possibly induced by streptococci, occurred frequently, suggesting an impairment of specific host defence mechanisms in SpA.
Metabolic Syndrome Modifies the Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Angiographic Coronary Artery Disease in Women
Authors: Oscar C. Marroquin, Kevin E. Kip, David E. Kelley, B. Delia Johnson, Leslee J. Shaw, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Barry L. Sharaf, Carl J. Pepine, George Sopko, Steven E. Reis
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— The metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by a constellation of fasting hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and/or abdominal obesity, is a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular events. The interrelationship between metabolic status and CAD on cardiovascular risk in women is not known. Methods and Results— We evaluated interrelationships between angiographic CAD, the metabolic syndrome, and incident cardiovascular events among 755 women from the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study who were referred for coronary angiography to evaluate suspected myocardial ischemia; 25% of the cohort had the metabolic syndrome at study entry. Compared with women with normal metabolic status, women with the metabolic syndrome had a significantly lower 4-year survival rate (94.3% versus 97.8%, P =0.03) and event-free survival from major adverse cardiovascular events (death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or congestive heart failure; 87.8% versus 93.5%, P =0.003). When the subjects were stratified by the presence or absence of angiographically significant CAD at study entry, in women with angiographically significant CAD, the metabolic syndrome resulted in significantly higher risk of cardiovascular events than in women with normal metabolic status (hazard ratio 4.93, 95% CI 1.02 to 23.76; P =0.05), whereas it did not result in increased 4-year cardiovascular risk in women without angiographically significant CAD (hazard ratio 1.41, 95% CI 0.32 to 6.32; P =0.65). Conclusions— These data suggest that in women with suspected myocardial ischemia, the metabolic syndrome modifies the cardiovascular risk associated with angiographic CAD. Specifically, the metabolic syndrome was found to be a predictor of 4-year cardiovascular risk only when associated with significant angiographic CAD.
Spontaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Induced by the Somatic Inactivation of <i>Retinoblastoma</i> and <i>Trp53</i> Tumor Suppressors
Authors: Ana Belén Martínez-Cruz, Mirentxu Santos, M. Fernanda Lara, Carmen Segrelles, Sergio Ruiz, Marta Moral, Corina Lorz, Ramón García-Escudero, Jesús M. Paramio
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) represent the most aggressive type of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Although little is known about the causal alterations of SCCs, in organ-transplanted patients the E7 and E6 oncogenes of human papillomavirus, targeting the p53- and pRb-dependent pathways, have been widely involved. Here, we report the functional consequences of the simultaneous elimination of Trp53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) genes in epidermis using Cre-loxP system. Loss of p53, but not pRb, produces spontaneous tumor development, indicating that p53 is the predominant tumor suppressor acting in mouse epidermis. Although the simultaneous inactivation of pRb and p53 does not aggravate the phenotype observed in Rb-deficient epidermis in terms of proliferation and/or differentiation, spontaneous SCC development is severely accelerated in doubly deficient mice. The tumors are aggressive and undifferentiated and display a hair follicle origin. Detailed analysis indicates that the acceleration is mediated by premature activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor/Akt pathway, resulting in increased proliferation in normal and dysplastic hair follicles and augmented tumor angiogenesis. The molecular characteristics of this model provide valuable tools to understand epidermal tumor formation and may ultimately contribute to the development of therapies for the treatment of aggressive squamous cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(3):683–92]
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cerebral Microbleeds. The Rotterdam Study
Authors: Lies Lahousse, Meike W. Vernooij, Sirwan K. L. Darweesh, Saloua Akoudad, Daan W. Loth, Guy F. Joos, Albert Hofman, Bruno H. Stricker, M. Arfan Ikram, Guy G. Brusselle
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, complex multisystem disease in the elderly with multiple comorbidities that significantly impact morbidity and mortality. Although cerebral small-vessel disease is an important cause of cognitive decline and age-related disability, it is a poorly investigated potential systemic manifestation of patients with COPD.Objectives: To examine whether COPD relates to the development and location of cerebral microbleeds, a novel marker of cerebral small-vessel disease.Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were part of the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study in subjects aged greater than or equal to 55 years. Diagnosis of COPD was confirmed by spirometry. Cerebral microbleeds were detected using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Measurements and Main Results: Subjects with COPD (n = 165) had a higher prevalence of cerebral microbleeds compared with subjects with normal lung function (n = 645) independent of age, sex, smoking status, atherosclerotic macroangiopathy, antithrombotic use, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and serum creatinin (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–2.47; P = 0.007). Regarding the specific microbleed location, subjects with COPD had a significantly higher prevalence of microbleeds in deep or infratentorial locations (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.97–5.53; P < 0.001), which increased with severity of airflow limitation and are suggestive of hypertensive or arteriolosclerotic microangiopathy. Furthermore, in longitudinal analysis restricted to subjects without microbleed at baseline, COPD was an independent predictor of incident cerebral microbleeds in deep or infratentorial locations (OR, 7.1; 95% CI, 2.1–24.5; P = 0.002).Conclusions: Our findings are compatible with COPD causing an increased risk of the development of cerebral microbleeds in deep or infratentorial locations.
Kenneth Roberts (1885-1957)
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Readers of Kenneth Roberts' novels will surely agree with his good friend, Ben Ames Williams, who regarded him as the foremost authority on the first half-century of American history. His earlier work as a reporter and a writer of feature articles for the<i>Saturday Evening Post</i>may account in part for the fact that he was scrupulous and persevering in the research performed in preparation of his historical novels. Roberts seems to have had more than a passing interest in the medical profession.<i>Rabble in Arms</i>, first published in 1933, has as one of the principal characters, Doc Means, who was not a physician at all. Nevertheless, he is pictured as a self-taught, skilled healer of sprains by manipulation and wise in treating the sick. As an example of his art, Doc, having inoculated some young men with smallpox virus, travels with them through the wilderness to serve as scouts
Role of <i>KRAS</i> and <i>EGFR</i> As Biomarkers of Response to Erlotinib in National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study BR.21
Authors: Chang-Qi Zhu, Gilda da Cunha Santos, Keyue Ding, Akira Sakurada, Jean-Claude Cutz, Ni Liu, Tong Zhang, Paula Marrano, Marlo Whitehead, Jeremy A. Squire, Suzanne Kamel-Reid, Lesley Seymour, Frances A. Shepherd, Ming-Sound Tsao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To evaluate the effect of KRAS and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genotype on the response to erlotinib treatment in the BR.21, placebo-controlled trial.We analyzed 206 tumors for KRAS mutation, 204 tumors for EGFR mutation, and 159 tumors for EGFR gene copy by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). We reanalyzed EGFR deletion/mutation using two highly sensitive techniques that detect abnormalities in samples with 5% to 10% tumor cellularity. KRAS mutation was analyzed by direct sequencing.Thirty patients (15%) had KRAS mutations, 34 (17%) had EGFR exon 19 deletion or exon 21 L858R mutations, and 61 (38%) had high EGFR gene copy (FISH positive). Response rates were 10% for wild-type and 5% for mutant KRAS (P = .69), 7% for wild-type and 27% for mutant EGFR (P = .03), and 5% for EGFR FISH-negative and 21% for FISH-positive patients (P = .02). Significant survival benefit from erlotinib therapy was observed for patients with wild-type KRAS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, P = .03) and EGFR FISH positivity (HR = 0.43, P = .004) but not for patients with mutant KRAS (HR = 1.67, P = .31), wild-type EGFR (HR = 0.74, P = .09), mutant EGFR (HR = 0.55, P = .12), and EGFR FISH negativity (HR = 0.80, P = .35). In multivariate analysis, only EGFR FISH-positive status was prognostic for poorer survival (P = .025) and predictive of differential survival benefit from erlotinib (P = .005).EGFR mutations and high copy number are predictive of response to erlotinib. EGFR FISH is the strongest prognostic marker and a significant predictive marker of differential survival benefit from erlotinib.
Functional Significance of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Variants in the Metabolism of Active Tamoxifen Metabolites
Authors: Andrea S. Blevins-Primeau, Dongxiao Sun, Gang Chen, Arun K. Sharma, Carla J. Gallagher, Shantu Amin, Philip Lazarus
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator widely used in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. A major mode of metabolism of the major active metabolites of TAM, 4-OH-TAM and endoxifen, is by glucuronidation via the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family of enzymes. To examine whether polymorphisms in the UGT enzymes responsible for the glucuronidation of active TAM metabolites play an important role in interindividual differences in TAM metabolism, cell lines overexpressing wild-type or variant UGTs were examined for their activities against TAM metabolites in vitro. For variants of active extrahepatic UGTs, the UGT1A8(173Ala/277Tyr) variant exhibited no detectable glucuronidation activity against the trans isomers of either 4-OH-TAM or endoxifen. Little or no difference in TAM glucuronidating activity was observed for the UGT1A8(173Gly/277Cys) or UGT1A10(139Lys) variants compared with their wild-type counterparts. For active hepatic UGTs, the UGT2B7(268Tyr) variant exhibited significant (P < 0.01) 2- and 5-fold decreases in activity against the trans isomers of 4-OH-TAM and endoxifen, respectively, compared with wild-type UGT2B7(268His). In studies of 111 human liver microsomal specimens, the rate of O-glucuronidation against trans-4-OH-TAM and trans-endoxifen was 28% (P < 0.001) and 27% (P = 0.002) lower, respectively, in individuals homozygous for the UGT2B7 Tyr(268)Tyr genotype compared with subjects with the UGT2B7 His(268)His genotype, with a significant (P < 0.01) trend of decreasing activity against both substrates with increasing numbers of the UGT2B7(268His) allele. These results suggest that functional polymorphisms in TAM-metabolizing UGTs, including UGT2B7 and potentially UGT1A8, may be important in interindividual variability in TAM metabolism and response to TAM therapy.
Distribution and Fate of I <sup>131</sup> -Labeled Components of the Fibrinolysin System
Authors: NATHAN BACK, JULIAN L. AMBRUS, IRVING B. MINK
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

The distribution, metabolism, and excretion of intravenously administered I131-labeled components of the fibrinolysin system were studied in dogs. lodination of plasmin tended to decrease slightly its in vitro fibrinolytie activity. Inaetivation appeared to depend on degree of iodination. Todination of strepto-kinase or urokinase did not decrease their plasminogen activator potential. All plasmins and plasminogen, regardless of the position of the iodine tag, adsorbed to preformed clots in the dog. Spontaneously activated human and chloroform-activated bovine plasmin adsorbed to a lesser extent than streptokinase-or urokinase-activated human plasmin. Clots removed from piasmin-treated dogs lysed in vitro within 24 hours. However, streptokinase or urokinase alone, on the basis of radioactivity measurements, did not exhibit any affinity for clots, nor did they cause any clot lysis. Plasma clearance curves revealed the presence of at least two processes in all preparations: a fast one (average half-life four minutes) responsible for the removal of over 60 per cent of the injected radioactivity and a slower process with a biological half-life greater than four hours. Pour hours after the injection of labeled compounds, the thyroid and stomach were the only organs which contained significant percentages of the injected radioactivity. Major excretory routes for the radioactivity were the urinary and biliary systems. Persistence of circulating radioactivity at a time when no free fibrinolytie activity could be determined in the blood was interpreted as complex formation between plasmin and antiplasmin.