tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of bacterial colonization in patients with tracheobronchial stents
Authors: Raquel Pascual Cascόn, Rosa Lόpez Lisbona, Noelia Cubero de Frutos, Pablo Díaz Jimenez, Jordi Dorca Sargatall, Antoni Rosell Gratacόs
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Objective: To describe the prevalence and incidence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPM) colonizating the airways of patients with tracheobronchial stents

Methods: We collected bronchial washings from patients treated endoscopically for neoplastic or benign tracheobronchial stenosis

Results: We retrospectively studied39patients during a median of 128 days (12-448), 12 (31%) COPD with FEV1% of 58%, benign disease 5 (13%) and malignant in 34 (87%). Silicone stent were implanted in 74%, metallic autoexpandible in 20% and a combination of both in 6%. See table for microbiological results. Wilcoxon test shows that there are significant statistical differences in the prevalence of PPM colonization (25.6% vs 71.8%, p<0.05) and the type of germ (p<0.05) in the first control (34 days of median)Subsequent analysis between consecutive controls doesn't find any statistical difference. The incidence density is 42 cases per 100 person-month (25 new cases during follow-up 59.4 months).

View this table:

Prevalence of PPM colonization/Type of germ





Conclusions: Tracheobronchial stents are associated with a high, increasing and irreversible colonization of PPM, with a prevalence of 87.5% after 12 months. Incidence density is high. The main colonizing PPM are P. aeruginosa and S. aureus .
Diagnostic Evaluation Of Hypersensitivity Reactions To Betalactam Antibiotics In A Large Population Of Children
Authors: Maria J. Torres, Maria Angeles Zambonino, Jose Luis Corzo, Candelaria Muñoz, Gloria Requena, Adriana Ariza, Cristobalina Mayorga, Antonio Urda, Miguel Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Hepatotoxicity to sodium valproate: a review.
Authors: P R Powell-Jackson, J M Tredger, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1984)

Progress reportHepatotoxicity to sodium valproate: a review Since 1978 a number of reports have indicated a possible association between sodium valproate therapy and the occurrence of hepatitis.In this review we have analysed, with particular reference to the clinical presentation, course and coadministration of other drugs, the 42 cases with fatal hepatitis either known to the manufacturers or reported elsewhere,'-11 and the more frequent cases with milder forms of hepatitis varying in severity from a transient rise in aminotransferase activities to symptomatic cases with reversible hepatic failure.12-30We have also considered the three reported cases with a Reye's-like syndrome2 9 31 and 22 instances of hyperammonaemia32-38 which is usually found in the absence of clinical evidence of hepatic injury but can easily be confused with fulminant hepatic failure.Possible mechanisms for the hepatotoxicity in relation to recently reported experimental work and the value of liver function tests in monitoring valproate therapy are also considered. Hepatitis-like syndromeThe incidence of abnormal serum aminotransferase activities ranges from 0-44% in 19 clinical trials,'2-30 with an overall incidence of 11% in the 1197 patients monitored.Only two out of 57 patients with raised amino- transferase activities in three of the series'2 4 16 were symptomatic, with malaise, lethargy, and anorexia which rapidly resolved on reducing the dose or stopping the drug.Aminotransferase activities in non-fatal cases were usually between one and three times the upper limit of normal and not usually accompanied by rises in serum bilirubin or alkaline phosphatase, except in the most severe cases.9The clinical, biochemical, and histological findings in the 42 cases with a fatal outcome largely agree with those presented by Zimmerman and Ishak39 and Zafrani and Berthelot,40 in part because of the duplication of a proportion of the cases.The age at presentation ranged from 21 months to 34 years with 29 of the cases (69%) aged 10 years or less.Below the age of 15 years the proportion of males was 62-5%, but above this age the proportion was lower at 30% (Table ).The overall male incidence of 57% compares with figures of 57% and 35% in the publications by Zimmerman and Ishak39 and Zafrani and Berthelot40 respectively.The disproportionate vulnerability of young individuals, particularly boys, does not appear to be a reflection of prescribing habits in that age group.Indications for valproate therapy comprised focal or generalised epilepsy, except for one patient with febrile convulsions.Evidence for structural neurological defects were present in 29% of patients.There were two instances of familial involvement.In one family two sibs of 17 and 10 years 673 on May 28, 2023 by guest.
Outpatient smoking cessation in non-healthy smokers
Authors: Barbara Sonneville, Bihiyga Salhi, Gina Van Damme, Eric Derom, Jan van Meerbeeck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  In ‘healthy’ smokers, intensive counseling with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) results in a sustained 1 year quit rate (QR) of 22% (Van Weel C. et al, 2004). The value of this approach in smokers with comorbidities is unclear.  Methods  We retrospectively analyzed all 263 consecutive patients (pts) referred to the smoking clinic between Jan 2010 and Dec 2012. Smoking cessation (SC) intervention consisted of NRT and 6 clinic visits after quit date with carbon monoxid validated SC. Point prevalent QR is defined as the number of sustained quitters at 1 year over all participants receiving a quit date. Drop-outs are censored as failures. Data are reported as medians. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was categorized (Charlson M.E. et al, 1987). A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors was conducted with backward logistic regression.  Results  117 pts were included: 57% men, 50 years (21-78), pack year 30 (2-80). 58% of patients had a mild, 35% a moderate and 7% a severe CCI. Fagerstrom Index was 5 (0-10) with 23% high and 26% very high dependence. Comorbidities were COPD (35%), alcohol abuse (30%), depression (26%), cancer (13%), diabetes (13%), asthma (13%), peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (9%) and ischemic heart disease (4%). Pts attended 4 clinic visits (2-10) with 71% NRT compliance. Overall QR was 18% (95%CI 12.1-27). Comorbid cancer (OR 10.2, 95%CI 2.7-39.2, p=0.001) and PAD (OR 5.2, 95%CI 1.1-24.1, p=0.034) were independent prognostic factors for successful SC.  Conclusion  In this series of non-healthy smokers, QR after intensive counseling and NRT is similar as reported in healthy ones. Comorbid cancer and PAD are prognostic for successful SC. An updated analysis will be presented at the meeting.
Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening in the United States vs in the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer–Rotterdam
Authors: Elisabeth M. Wever, Gerrit Draisma, Eveline A. M. Heijnsdijk, Monique J. Roobol, Rob Boer, Suzie J. Otto, Harry J. de Koning
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

Dissemination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in the United States coincided with an increasing incidence of prostate cancer, a shift to earlier stage disease at diagnosis, and decreasing prostate cancer mortality. We compared PSA screening performance with respect to prostate cancer detection in the US population vs in the Rotterdam section of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC-Rotterdam). We developed a simulation model for prostate cancer and PSA screening for ERSPC-Rotterdam. This model was then adapted to the US population by replacing demography parameters with US-specific ones and the screening protocol with the frequency of PSA tests in the US population. We assumed that the natural progression of prostate cancer and the sensitivity of a PSA test followed by a biopsy were the same in the United States as in ERSPC-Rotterdam. The predicted prostate cancer incidence peak in the United States was then substantially higher than the observed prostate cancer incidence peak (13.3 vs 8.1 cases per 1000 man-years). However, the actual observed incidence was reproduced by assuming a substantially lower PSA test sensitivity in the United States than in ERSPC-Rotterdam. For example, for nonpalpable local- or regional-stage cancers (ie, stage T1M0), the estimates of PSA test sensitivity were 0.26 in the United States vs 0.94 in ERSPC-Rotterdam. We conclude that the efficacy of PSA screening in detecting prostate cancer was lower in the United States than in ERSPC-Rotterdam.
Is Antiviral Prophylaxis Necessary to Prevent Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Reactivation in Patients With HBV-Resolved Infection Receiving Rituximab-Containing Chemotherapy?
Authors: Shigeru Kusumoto, Yasuhito Tanaka, Masashi Mizokami, Ryuzo Ueda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)
HERPES SIMPLEX AND SECOND DEGREE BURN INDUCED UNDER HYPNOSIS
Authors: MONTAGUE ULLMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

A 27-year-old combat soldier was admitted to a general hospital overseas because of hysterical blindness. He proved to be a good hypnotic subject and vision was restored after one session. In a subsequent hypnotic session a second degree burn with blister formation was induced on the dorsum of one hand. The blister was noted at the end of one hour and was fully developed approximately four hours later. A herpetiform lesion, clinically similar in all respects to a true herpes simplex, was made to appear in a specified area about the mouth twenty-four hours after the suggestion was given under deep hypnosis. In both instances there was an attempt made to induce affective changes in addition to the direct suggestions given. Under hypnosis it is possible to demonstrate an inter-relationship between the psychic processes and localized peripheral effects which far transcends the ability of the individual in the conscious state.
Normal intestinal microbiota in the aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: P Toivanen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

A series of observations have led to the hypothesis that normal intestinal microbiota in patients with rheumatoid arthritis may harbour, for genetic reasons, bacteria with cell walls capable of inducing arthritis. Differences occur between bacterial species, and even between strains of a single species, because some cell walls induce experimental chronic arthritis, whereas some others induce only a transient acute arthritis or no arthritis at all. In susceptible subjects, with continuous seeding of bacterial products from the gut, the synovial inflammation is followed by erosion, exposition of cartilage antigens, and self perpetuating chronic arthritis.
Advising on travel during pregnancy
Authors: N. L. Hezelgrave, C. J. M. Whitty, A. H. Shennan, L. C. Chappell
Journal: BMJ (2011)

#### Summary points

As travel increases,1 the number of pregnant women who travel will probably rise. Women often ask if travel is safe in pregnancy and seek advice from a range of healthcare professionals. Travel related maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality can be completely avoided only by postponing travel until after delivery, but travel may be necessary or desirable during pregnancy. 

Most women are “low risk” and can expect no problems with travel during pregnancy. However, there are particular risks to be considered with each stage of pregnancy, especially if the pregnancy is complicated by comorbidity. Medical concerns can be divided into risks of travel itself (in particular air travel), difficulties related to negotiating different healthcare systems and insurance, and specific risks of acquiring infectious diseases in particular countries. Some travel companies place restrictions on travel in pregnancy. Limited robust evidence or disseminated guidelines makes it difficult to provide definitive advice. 

When asked to advise a woman regarding travel in pregnancy a careful risk assessment will help to inform the advice given. We outline an approach to considering risks associated with travel during pregnancy and discuss preparation for travel, advice on managing illness while abroad, and relevant post-travel considerations. This article is relevant to all who provide care during pregnancy, particularly general practitioners, who may be the primary source of advice for women with uncomplicated pregnancies who are considering travel.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched PubMed and the …
Time trends in disease activity, response and remission rates in rheumatoid arthritis during the past decade: results from the NOR-DMARD study 2000–2010
Authors: Anna-Birgitte Aga, Elisabeth Lie, Till Uhlig, Inge Christoffer Olsen, Ada Wierød, Synøve Kalstad, Erik Rødevand, Knut Mikkelsen, Tore K Kvien, Espen A Haavardsholm
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Objectives To investigate whether baseline disease activity levels and responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) changed during the period 2000–2010. Methods Data were provided by the Norwegian disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (NOR-DMARD) study. Patients with inflammatory joint diseases starting new treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were consecutively included and followed longitudinally. Time trend analyses were performed in methotrexate (MTX)-naïve RA patients starting MTX monotherapy (MTX mono) and biologic DMARD (bDMARD)-naïve RA patients starting tumour necrosis factor inhibitors+MTX (TNFi+MTX). Results A total of 2573 patients were included in the analyses: MTX mono n=1866 (69.9% female, 62.0% RF+, mean (SD) age 56.0 (13.7) years, median (25–75 percentile) time from diagnosis 0.2 (0.01–2.8) years); TNFi+MTX n=707 (70.3% female, 75.0% RF+, mean (SD) age 52.1 (13.2) years, median (25–75 percentile) time from diagnosis 5.7 (2.0–13.7) years). Significant time trends towards lower baseline disease activity score 28 (DAS28) as well as other disease activity measures were found in both groups (DAS28 from 5.17 to 4.75 in MTX mono and from 5.88 to 4.64 in TNFi+MTX), and disease duration became shorter. Six-month DAS28 remission rates increased significantly over the years (from 17.8 to 37.6 in MTX mono and from 16.9 to 46.3 in TNFi+MTX). Conclusions During the last decade, baseline RA disease activity level at the time of starting MTX as well as TNFi+MTX decreased from high to moderate. A more than twofold increase in 6-month remission rates was observed in both groups. Our findings indicate that clinicians have implemented modern, more aggressive treatment strategies, which hopefully will lead to better long-term disease outcomes.
IN SITU METABOLIC PROFILING SHEDS LIGHT ON OXIDATIVE STRESS PATHWAYS IN IDH1 MUTANT OLIGODENDROGLIOMA
Authors: S. P. Niclou, F. Fack, G. Hochart, A. Oudin, W. Leenders, E. Gottlieb, R. Bjerkvig, J. Stauber
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: The oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is strongly increased in glial tumors presenting a heterozygous point mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and is a key indicator of aberrant metabolic circuitries in these tumors. IDH1 is a dimeric enzyme converting isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a metabolite involved in energy production, macromolecule biosynthesis and an important enzyme co-factor. In IDH1-mutant tumors, α-KG is processed to 2-HG in a NADPH consuming reaction, leading to a hypermethylation phenotype through inhibition of α-KG-dependent demethylases. However the direct effect of the IDH mutation on metabolic dysregulation remains poorly understood. A limitation in the analysis of IDH mutant tumors is the lack of appropriate pre-clinical models. Indeed glioma cells carrying the IDH mutation are notoriously difficult to grow in vitro and only a handful of laboratories, including ours, have been able to generate patient derived xenograft models in vivo. Thus most current studies addressing the role of 2-HG are based on cell lines overexpressing mutant IDH1 in a wildtype background, with unknown consequences for the function of the oncogenic enzyme. Here we aimed to get insight into the major metabolic aberrations observed in human IDH mutant gliomas with a special emphasis on oxidative stress and glutamine/glutamate pathways. METHODS: In situ high resolution mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) was performed on IDH1 mutant xenografts derived from human oligodendroglial tumors with 1p19q deletion, providing a detailed metabolic profiling and anatomical localization in tumor sections. Key enzymes of the perturbed metabolic pathways were monitored by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was applied to validate our findings in fresh clinical specimen. RESULTS: 2-HG was specifically localized in the tumor bed but not in the surrounding brain parenchyma, while α-KG levels were not significantly altered in IDH1 mutant tumors. We identified a large set of differentially present metabolites in IDH1-mutant tumors, including the anti-oxidant glutathione. Importantly we reveal significant differences in metabolite levels between human glioma samples with an endogenous IDH mutation compared to previously reported data on mutant IDH1 overexpressing cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: We provide for the first time a detailed metabolic profiling of human IDH mutant gliomas with high anatomical resolution in situ. Our data point to the importance of oxidative stress regulation and its possible link to epigenetic dysregulation in IDH mutant oligodendrogliomas. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Imaging.
Vitamin C attenuates abnormal vasomotor reactivity in spasm coronary arteries in patients with coronary spastic angina
Authors: Kiyotaka Kugiyama, Takeshi Motoyama, Osamu Hirashima, Masamichi Ohgushi, Hirofumi Soejima, Kenji Misumi, Hiroaki Kawano, Yuji Miyao, Michihiro Yoshimura, Hisao Ogawa, Toshiyuki Matsumura, Seigo Sugiyama, Hirofumi Yasue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Against suppression and clamping: A commentary on Glenberg
Authors: Jason T. Ramsay, Bruce Homer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

The ability of Glenberg's model to explain the development of complex symbolic abilities is questioned. Specifically, it is proposed that the concepts of clamping and suppression fall short of providing an explanation for higher symbolic processes such as autobiographical memory and language comprehension. A related concept, “holding in mind” (Olson 1993), is proposed as an alternative.
Ganciclovir Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Transplant Recipients and Other Immunocompromised Hosts
Authors: Alejo Erice, M. Colin Jordan, Beverly A. Chace, Courtney Fletcher, Barbara J. Chinnock, Henry H. Balfour
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Thirty-one immunocompromised patients with severe cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease were treated with intravenous ganciclovir. Twenty-one patients had received transplants—15 bone marrow recipients, five renal allograft recipients, and one liver transplant recipient—while the other ten were immunocompromised due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (six), hematologic malignancies (three), and systemic lupus erythematosus (one). They presented with one or more of the following syndromes: CMV pneumonitis (19), CMV of the gastrointestinal tract (six), CMV retinitis (seven), and CMV hepatitis (three). Seventeen (55%) of 31 patients demonstrated clinical improvement during ganciclovir therapy, with the best response seen in the transplant recipients. Viremia ceased in 14 (93.3%) of 15 patients after a mean of 4.7 days of therapy; viruria ceased in eight (53.3%) of 15 patients after a mean of 11 days of therapy. Ganciclovir plasma concentrations at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg/three times a day were as follows: mean peak, 16.04 μmol/L; mean trough, 2.38 μmol/L. Neutropenia occurred in 11 (35%) of 31 patients and in nine (60%) of 15 bone marrow transplant recipients. We conclude that ganciclovir exerted an antiviral effect against CMV and may play a role in the treatment of CMV disease in patients with depressed immunity, especially bone marrow and organ transplant recipients. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:3082-3087
Age-dependent roles of peroxisomes in the hippocampus of a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Francesca Fanelli, Sara Sepe, Marcello D’Amelio, Cinzia Bernardi, Loredana Cristiano, AnnaMaria Cimini, Francesco Cecconi, Maria Paola Ceru', Sandra Moreno
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, especially affecting the hippocampus. Impairment of cognitive and memory functions is associated with amyloid β-peptide-induced oxidative stress and alterations in lipid metabolism. In this scenario, the dual role of peroxisomes in producing and removing ROS, and their function in fatty acids β-oxidation, may be critical. This work aims to investigating the possible involvement of peroxisomes in AD onset and progression, as studied in a transgenic mouse model, harboring the human Swedish familial AD mutation. We therefore characterized the peroxisomal population in the hippocampus, focusing on early, advanced, and late stages of the disease (3, 6, 9, 12, 18 months of age). Several peroxisome-related markers in transgenic and wild-type hippocampal formation were comparatively studied, by a combined molecular/immunohistochemical/ultrastructural approach. Results Our results demonstrate early and significant peroxisomal modifications in AD mice, compared to wild-type. Indeed, the peroxisomal membrane protein of 70 kDa and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 are induced at 3 months, possibly reflecting the need for efficient fatty acid β-oxidation, as a compensatory response to mitochondrial dysfunction. The concomitant presence of oxidative damage markers and the altered expression of antioxidant enzymes argue for early oxidative stress in AD. During physiological and pathological brain aging, important changes in the expression of peroxisome-related proteins, also correlating with ongoing gliosis, occur in the hippocampus. These age- and genotype-based alterations, strongly dependent on the specific marker considered, indicate metabolic and/or numerical remodeling of peroxisomal population. Conclusions Overall, our data support functional and biogenetic relationships linking peroxisomes to mitochondria and suggest peroxisomal proteins as biomarkers/therapeutic targets in pre-symptomatic AD.