tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and 3D Printing of Biodegradable Polyurethane Elastomer by a Water‐Based Process for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Kun‐Che Hung, Ching‐Shiow Tseng, Shan‐hui Hsu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Biodegradable materials that can undergo degradation in vivo are commonly employed to manufacture tissue engineering scaffolds, by techniques including the customized 3D printing. Traditional 3D printing methods involve the use of heat, toxic organic solvents, or toxic photoinitiators for fabrication of synthetic scaffolds. So far, there is no investigation on water‐based 3D printing for synthetic materials. In this study, the water dispersion of elastic and biodegradable polyurethane (PU) nanoparticles is synthesized, which is further employed to fabricate scaffolds by 3D printing using polyethylene oxide (PEO) as a viscosity enhancer. The surface morphology, degradation rate, and mechanical properties of the water‐based 3D‐printed PU scaffolds are evaluated and compared with those of polylactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds made from the solution in organic solvent. These scaffolds are seeded with chondrocytes for evaluation of their potential as cartilage scaffolds. Chondrocytes in 3D‐printed PU scaffolds have excellent seeding efficiency, proliferation, and matrix production. Since PU is a category of versatile materials, the aqueous 3D printing process developed in this study is a platform technology that can be used to fabricate devices for biomedical applications.
Expression and matrix deposition of latent transforming growth factor β binding proteins in normal and fibrotic rat liver and transdifferentiating hepatic stellate cells in culture
Authors: Katja Breitkopf, Birgit Lahme, Carmen G. Tag, Axel M. Gressner
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein (LTBP), a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein of the large latent TGF-beta complex is suggested to serve as an anchor for latent TGF-beta in the extracellular matrix and as a component of microfibrillar structures. Proteolytic cleavage of LTBP is supposed to be a prerequisite for the release and generation of bioactive (mature) TGF-beta. We investigated the expression of LTBP isoforms in normal and fibrotic rat liver and in cultured rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC) transdifferentiating to myofibroblasts (MFB). We further determined their interaction with the matrix and some of their basic functions. Immunostainings of normal and fibrotic livers demonstrate intense signals for LTBP-1 and -2, preferably in parenchymal, but also nonparenchymal, cells and in fibrotic extracellular matrix. However, in situ hybridization points to a restriction of transcripts to nonparenchymal cells from fibrotic livers, whereas hepatocytes were always devoid of LTBP transcripts. The findings were confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which showed isoform-specific increases of LTBP transcripts in cultured stellate cells transdifferentiating to MFB and by Northern blot analyses showing the absence of LTBP-1 mRNA in freshly isolated hepatocytes. Using a cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a differential increase of partly deoxycholate (DOC)-resistant, matrix-bound LTBP-1 and -2 was measured in cultured stellate cells. Treatment with plasmin generated soluble LTBP-1 and bioactive TGF-beta, which was able to induce Smad7 expression in an autocrine fashion. Our data propose (transdifferentiating) stellate cells, respectively MFB, as the major source of LTBP in normal and fibrotic liver, which here probably fulfills structural and TGF-beta-regulating functions as suggested for nonhepatic tissues.
Précis of<i>Bias in Mental Testing</i>
Authors: Arthur R. Jensen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1980)

Abstract Most standard tests of intelligence and scholastic aptitude measure a general factor of cognitive ability that is common to all such tests – as well as to all complex tasks involving abstraction, reasoning, and problem-solving. The central question addressed by this inquiry is whether such tests are culturally biased in their discrimination between majority and minority groups in the United States with respect to the traditional uses of such tests in schools, college admissions, and personnel selection in industry and the armed forces. The fact that such tests discriminate statistically between various subpopulations does not itself indicate test bias. Acceptable criteria of bias are based on (1) the test's validity for predicting the performance (in school, on the job, and so on) of individuals from majority and minority groups, and (2) the internal consistency of the test with respect to relative item difficulty, factorial composition, and internal consistency/reliability. A review of empirical studies relevant to these two criteria reveals that the preponderance of evidence contradicts the popular belief that the standard tests most widely used at present are culturally biased against minorities. The tests have the same predictive validity for the practical uses of tests in all American-born, English-speaking racial and social groups in the United States. Factors in the test situation, such as the subject's “test-wiseness” and the race of the tester, are found to be negligible sources of racial group differences.
Two Unusual Cases of Abdominal Extrauterine Pregnancy
Authors: W. R. Billington, R. T. S. Goodchild
Journal: BMJ (1948)

Two Unusual Cases of Abdominal Extrauterine PregnancyTwo cases of abdominal extrauterine pregnancy are reported which were admitted to Mengo Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, within four months and present features worthy of record.CASE 1 The patient, a Muganda woman in the early twenties, had had a previous normal pregnancy.During antenatal observation the preg- nancy appeared normal, the foetal position was left occipito-anterior, the head above the brim of the pelvis, but a small hard mass low down on the right side of what was thought to be the enlarging uterus was noted and presumed to be a fibroid.On April 15, 1946, when apparently at term, the patient was admitted to hospital, having taken a native drug popularly believed to induce labour.This drug, we have observed, usually causes abdominal distension and tonic contractions of the uterus.She appeared to be very ill and in severe pain, with a rapid pulse rate.The abdomen was distended and the uterus felt very hard and was tender.The foetal position was anterior and the foetal heart rate 120 a minute.The head was above the brim and the cervix was not taken up.She was treated expectantly with morphine.The pain decreased, and on April 29 the head was found to have entered the pelvis and was well below the mass felt on the right side.After a month, during which tinme she complained persistently of pain, the physical signs were unaltered.A medical induction on June 1 was unsuccessful.At her own request, and as her condition was deteriorating, laparotomy was performed.At operation on June 5 the foetus was found lying free in an amniotic sac in the abdominal cavity.The presentation was cephalic in a completely occipito-anterior position.Some exertion was needed to disimpact the head from the pelvis.The child, slightly post- mature and weighing 8 lb. 2 oz.(3.66 kg.), was delivered alivg.The uterus was enlarged to the size of a 10-weeks pregnancy.Immediately after delivery there was a profuse haemorrhage from some detach- ment of the placenta, which was implanted on and received the majority of its blood supply from the ovarian pedicle and left Fallopian tube and was also adherent to the omentum and mesocolon.The haemorrhage was temporarily controlled by a piece of rubber tubing used as a tourniquet around the base of the placental attachment.As much of the placenta was removed as possible, but the membranes were left in situ.The abdomen was drained for 24 hours.The condition of mother and child was good next day, and they were discharged from hospital well some three weeks later.
Half of doctors experience violence or abuse from patients
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Half of all doctors in the United Kingdom experience some degree of violence or abuse from patients, including verbal abuse, threats, and physical assaults, a survey published this week has found. But many feel too guilty or embarrassed to report violent patients and blame themselves or the incompetencies of the healthcare system.

GPs, and hospital doctors working in accident and emergency medicine, psychiatry, and obstetrics and gynaecology are the most likely to experience abuse, with a quarter facing five or more such episodes in a year, shows the survey, conducted by the BMA.

Just over …
Nonviral Transfer of the Gene Encoding Coagulation Factor VIII in Patients with Severe Hemophilia A
Authors: David A. Roth, Nicholas E. Tawa, Joanne M. O'Brien, Douglas A. Treco, Richard F Selden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

We tested the safety of a nonviral somatic-cell gene-therapy system in patients with severe hemophilia A.
In the absence of other Fc receptors, Fc gamma RIIIA transmits a phagocytic signal that requires the cytoplasmic domain of its gamma subunit.
Authors: J G Park, R E Isaacs, P Chien, A D Schreiber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The transmembrane isoform of Fc gamma RIII, Fc gamma RIIIA, is found on NK cells, cultured monocytes, and tissue macrophages in association with a dimer of an accessory subunit, either gamma or zeta. Functions of individual Fc receptors have been difficult to analyze due to coexpression of the receptors on hematopoietic cells and permanent cell lines expressing Fc receptors. cDNAs for the alpha and gamma subunits of Fc gamma RIIIA were cotransfected into COS-1 cells, which lack endogenous Fc receptors, to evaluate receptor-mediated phagocytosis and changes in [Ca2+]i. Transfectants both bound and phagocytosed IgG-sensitized erythrocytes and, following activation of Fc gamma RIIIA, increased [Ca2+]i. The gamma subunit was essential both for the surface expression of the receptor and for transduction of the phagocytic signal. Truncation of the gamma subunit cytoplasmic domain (amino acids 65-80) eliminated phagocytic function. Phorbol ester inhibited phagocytosis in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not affect IgG-sensitized erythrocytes binding, suggesting that a protein kinase C-dependent pathway inhibits phagocytosis. The data indicate that a tyrosine containing cytoplasmic domain within the gamma subunit is required for phagocytosis by Fc gamma RIIIA.
Helicopter vs Ground Transportation for Patients With Trauma
Authors: Debraj Mukherjee, Miriam Nuno, Chirag G. Patil
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
C-Reactive Protein Is a Potent Predictor of Mortality Independently of and in Combination With Troponin T in Acute Coronary Syndromes: A TIMI 11A Substudy
Authors: David A Morrow, Nader Rifai, Elliott M Antman, Debra L Weiner, Carolyn H McCabe, Christopher P Cannon, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
A radical explanation for glucose-induced β cell dysfunction
Authors: Michael Brownlee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

The development of type 2 diabetes requires impaired beta cell function. Hyperglycemia itself causes further decreases in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. A new study demonstrates that hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide production activates uncoupling protein 2, which decreases the ATP/ADP ratio and thus reduces the insulin-secretory response. These data suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in beta cells exposed to hyperglycemia could prevent a positive feed-forward loop of glucotoxicity that drives impaired glucose tolerance toward frank type 2 diabetes.
S97 Alveolar epithelial DNA damage, inflammation and altered autophagy following exposure to silver nanoparticles is exacerbated by viral ligands<i>in vitro</i>
Authors: MZ Zambianchi, TD Tetley, AJ Thorley
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Rationale</h3> Over the past decade there has been a rapid increase in the development and use of engineered nanoparticles. Silver (Ag) is the most commercialised nanomaterial in the world. Due to its antibacterial activity it is incorporated into a variety of consumer goods including silver nanoparticle sprays to treat pulmonary infection. However, little is known about silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) toxicity in the lung. We hypothesise that inhalation of AgNPs will trigger a pro-inflammatory response in the alveolar epithelium, which, in the presence of viral infection, will synergise with the innate immune response, leading to increased pulmonary epithelial inflammation, DNA damage and autophagy activation. <h3>Methods</h3> Transformed human alveolar epithelial type-1-like cells (TT1) were exposed to AgNPs alone and in combination with Poly I:C, a synthetic analogue of double strand RNA that mimics viral infection. Oxidative stress level was measured by dihydroethidium staining. Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were assessed by ELISA. DNA damage and autophagy marker LC3II/LC3I ratio were measured by western blot. <h3>Results</h3> AgNPs induced oxidative stress in TT1 cells leading to enhanced inflammation, DNA double strand breakage and autophagy activation. The combination of Ag and Poly I:C potentiated IL-6 release (4-fold; p &lt; 0.01) and DNA damage (3-fold; p &lt; 0.01). Autophagy flux, activated by AgNPs alone, was slowed down by combined AgNPs and Poly I:C exposure. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study shows that Ag could induce oxidative stress in the lung, leading to a strong pro-inflammatory response and DNA damage, both potentiated by co-exposure to Poly I:C. Also, defective autophagy might result in certain human diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disease. This suggests that inhalation of AgNPs may have adverse health effects on the lung, that might be exacerbated by viral infection.
Interactions between immune and bone cells: new insights with many remaining questions
Authors: Joseph Lorenzo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

It has been over 25 years since the first observations that cells of the immune system could influence the functions of bone cells. Since that time, significant strides have been made in our understanding of the role of the immune system in bone cell activity. A number of recent discoveries demonstrated that a variety of cytokines and growth factors can influence the function of both bone and immune cells, advancing our knowledge of the interactions of these cellular systems, but important questions remain to be answered before we can fully appreciate the intricacies of the relationship between immune and bone cells.
Abstract 2485: Inhibitory effects of the water extract of <i>Nelumbo Nucifera</i> leaf on human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yun-Ching Chang, Mon-Yuan Yang, Chau-Jong Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Over the passed decade, advances in understanding carcinogenesis have made possible the identification of the candidates of chemopreventive agents to be developed in targeting the key molecules. Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) is widely distributed in central and southern Taiwan. Its leaves are becoming popular as an ingredient of healthy beverages. Nelumbo nucifera Leaf extract (NLE) has been reported to exhibit different therapeutic effects, such as anti-oxidant and reduction of risks for cardiovascular disease. This study was aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of NLE on human MCF-7 cell line in vitro and in vivo. Qualitative analysis showed that the NLE contains several compounds using nine kinds of standard polyphenols by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The polyphenols present in identified compound of NLE were mainly gallic acid, rutin and quercetin. The MTT data showed no significant inhibition on growth of MCF-7 cells following NLE treatment, whereas flow cytometry revealed that the cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 phase with a dose of 3 mg/ml in MCF-7 cells (approximately 86.54%). With western blotting, we found that treatment with NLE particularly induced p53 phosphorylation and p21 expression, and down-regulated expression of cyclins (cyclin D, cyclin E) and cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk2, cdk4) in a dose-dependent manner. The increased p21 also correlated with the decrease of cyclin D/cdk4 and cyclin E/cdk2 complexes, which was responsible for the high protein expression of Rb/E2F. Inactivation of fatty acid synthase (FAS) was shown in vitro and in vivo, implying that FAS was a potent regulator as well of NLE- mediated anti-carcinogenesis. The tumoricidal effect of NLE was further measured using a xenograft nude mice model. Treatment with NLE (0.5 and 1%) effectively reduced the tumor volume and tumor weight in the nude mice inoculated with MCF-7 cells when compared to the control tissue samples. These results confirmed that cell cycle arrest is sufficient to elicit tumor regression after NLE treatment. In conclusion, our studies indicate that NLE offers an anti-tumor activity and potentially can act as a chemotherapeutic agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2485.
Accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF test for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children admitted to hospital in Cape Town, South Africa: a descriptive study
Authors: Mark P Nicol, Lesley Workman, Washiefa Isaacs, Jacinta Munro, Faye Black, Brian Eley, Catharina C Boehme, Widaad Zemanay, Heather J Zar
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2011)

WHO recommends that Xpert MTB/RIF replaces smear microscopy for initial diagnosis of suspected HIV-associated tuberculosis or multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, but no data exist for its use in children. We aimed to assess the accuracy of the test for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children in an area with high tuberculosis and HIV prevalences.
Are Impaired Childhood Motor Skills a Risk Factor for Adolescent Anxiety? Results From the 1958 U.K. Birth Cohort and the National Child Development Study
Authors: Engilbert Sigurdsson, Jim van Os, Eric Fombonne
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

Neurodevelopmental impairments have been associated with early-onset schizophrenia, early-onset bipolar disorder, and childhood-onset affective disorder. The authors investigated whether delayed childhood motor skills predicted persistent anxiety in adolescence among 6,850 subjects from a national 1958 U.K. birth cohort.This historic cohort study used data from the National Child Development Study that was collected when its subjects were 7, 11, and 16 years old.Boys with poor motor skills had more than threefold the odds of maternally rated anxiety at the ages of 11 and 16, but no effect was observed for girls.Childhood motor impairment was strongly associated with persistent anxiety among male, but not among female, adolescents. The effect modification by sex was greater than expected, as was the effect size for boys. Both findings warrant replication and further examination.
COMPARISON OF DRUG TREATMENT BEFORE AND DURING PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALIZATION
Authors: RUDOLF KAELBLING, DONALD M. LARSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Since the advent of psychotropic drugs a decade ago, the number of psychiatric patients hospitalized at any one time has been decreasing as the average length of stay in the hospital has become shorter, but readmission rates have markedly increased. Why are these drugs not as effective in keeping patients out of the hospital as they are in reducing the need for lengthy inpatient treatment? Two of the factors that may contribute are examined. It is hypothesized that : 1) outpatients frequently do not take the drugs according to instructions and 2) local nonpsychiatric physicians are less effective in choosing the appropriate drugs and dosage levels than the mental hospital staff. A random sample of 100 females, voluntarily admitted to a clinical psychiatric service at a university hospital, were questioned in a standardized, one-hour interview to assess all drugs taken by the patient during the three months preceding admission. The patient's claims were relayed to the referring physician to he compared with his records. Further corroboration came from interviews with the patient's family or friends, who were also asked to bring in any drugs the patient kept around the home. This allowed in many instances a check on whether the patient had used the prescribed amount of drug. In half the cases the opportunity to avert the need for hospitalization with the proper use of drugs was lost or severely curtailed by the patients' own actions: ten percent did not consult any physician prior to admission and another 40 percent did not take the drugs as prescribed for them by the physicians they had consulted. In 64 percent of the cases the physician also failed to take full advantage of out-patient drug treatment before initiating hospitalization: in 24 percent no psychotropic drugs were prescribed at all, in another 24 percent medication prescribed seemed inappropriate to the hospital psychiatrists for the condition found on admission and in 16 percent appropriate medication, but in insufficient dosages, had been prescribed. In only 26 percent of the cases did the drug treatment prescribed prior to admission seem to have been such that it was unlikely that admission could have been prevented by a change in medication. Since we are dealing with clinical admissions to a university hospital, our sample cannot be considered representative of the entire population admitted to psychiatric hospitals. Other limitations of the study are discussed, e.g., the possibility that the patients' condition took on different features with hospitalization, that the choice of treatment is inherently easier in the hospital and that prevention of hospitalization may not always be desirable. A decline in the rate of readmissions to mental hospitals could probably be achieved by making greater efforts to insure the patient's cooperation in outpatient treatment with psychotropic drugs. Improving the physicians' skill in administering outpatient chemotherapy would seem to be an urgent task for psychiatrists.