tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Colitis With Right Upper Quadrant Mass
Authors: Lee S. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>History</h3> A 37-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of recent generalized myalgia, fever, and abdominal pain. There was a history of chronic diarrhea for at least three years, with four to six liquid brownish stools per day, without gross blood. Palpation of the abdomen demonstrated considerable tenderness throughout the right side. Rectal examination was painful. There was occult blood (1+) in the stool. The temperature on admission was 38 °C; the hemoglobin level, 6.5 g; and the WBC count, 20,000/cu mm. A plain film of the abdomen (Fig 1) and a diatrizoate (Hypaque) enema examination (Fig 2) were obtained. On the following day, the patient's symptoms became worse and more localized to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. The temperature rose to 39 °C. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Diffuse amebic colitis with ruptured amebic abscess of the liver. The plain film (Fig 1) demonstrates gaseous distension of small-bowel loops in
Myocardial Function in CAD Determined by Atrial Pacing
Authors: JOSEPH W. LINHART
Journal: Circulation (1971)

EDITORor evidence of myocardial ischemia during rapid atrial pacing.Ventricular function curves were drawn relating stroke volume index to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and for any change in stroke volume index, there was a greater decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in the normal subjects than in the patients with elevated left ventricular end- diastolic pressure.There was however consider- able overlap between the normal and abnormal patients.This type of analysis, however, was extremely useful in demonstrating alterations in ventricular function as induced by myocardial ischemia, digitalis glycosides, and isoproterenol.
Tuberculosis elimination: theory and practice in Europe
Authors: Lia D'Ambrosio, Masoud Dara, Marina Tadolini, Rosella Centis, Giovanni Sotgiu, Marieke J. van der Werf, Mina Gaga, Daniela Cirillo, Antonio Spanevello, Mario Raviglione, Francesco Blasi, Giovanni Battista Migliori
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Although Europe identified the pathway to tuberculosis (TB) elimination in 1990, no information on programmes for country preparedness is available. A questionnaire investigating TB elimination activities was submitted to 38 national TB programme representatives of low TB incidence (&lt;20 cases per 100 000 population) European countries/territories of the World Health Organization European region. Out of 31 providing a complete answer, 17 (54.8%) reported to have a dedicated national TB programme, 20 (64.5%) a national plan including TB elimination (13 (41.9%) including targets), 22 (71%) guidelines, 14 (45.2%) a specific budget for TB activities, and 23 (74.2%) TB reference centres. All countries reported having case-based electronic TB surveillance, 19 (61.3%) perform regular supervision, 12 (38.7%) have a monitoring and evaluation plan and five (16.1%) perform modelling. In three countries (9.7%), TB health services are free for insured individuals only. In 22 countries/territories (71%) not all TB drugs were available, while in 12 (38.7%) drug stock-outs have been described. Although high-risk group screening for latent TB infection is performed by the majority of countries, only 6 (19.4%) provided figures on preventive treatment completion rates. Not all elements identified as essential for country preparedness to achieve TB elimination are available in the countries surveyed.
A CASE OF HYPERKERATOTIC LINEAR NAEVUS, WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON ITS MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE DR. J. DARIER (Paris)
Authors: H. C. SEMON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1918)

Journal Article A CASE OF HYPERKERATOTIC LINEAR NÆVUS, WITH SOME OBSERVATIONS ON ITS MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE DR. J. DARIER (Paris) Get access H. C. SEMON, Capt., R.A.M.O.(T.C.), M.D., M.R.C.P. H. C. SEMON, Capt., R.A.M.O.(T.C.), M.D., M.R.C.P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 30, Issue 4, 1 October 1918, Pages 200–202, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1918.tb12378.x Published: 01 October 1918
Complexity in simplicity: monogenic disorders and complex cardiomyopathies
Authors: Ju Chen, Kenneth R. Chien
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

nents of the primary cardiac cytoarchitecture, including components of the cardiac contractile sarcomere, and the intrasarcomeric, and extrasarcomeric cytoskeleton (2, 3, 7). The cytosol of all eukaryotic cells contains a network of protein filaments and associated proteins which collectively constitute the cytoskeleton. Among these filaments are the actin microfilaments, the somewhat wider tubulin microtubules, and the intermediate filaments. To perform force-generating contraction, and to accommodate the repetitive changes in cell geometry that occur during each cardiac cycle, cardiac myocytes have evolved an abundant and highly specialized cytoskeleton, whose components can be classified into the following 3 groups: (a) The force-generating contractile sarcomeric cytoskeleton consists of a highly-ordered arrangement of myosin thick filaments, actin thin filaments, and associated proteins, such as the troponin‐tropomyosin complex. The repeating sarcomere units are arranged in series, resulting in striated myofibrils. (b) The intrasarcomeric cytoskeleton contains titin, α-actinin, myosin binding protein C, and other proteins that anchor myofilaments and their sarcomeric units and regulate the displacement of myofilaments during each contraction cycle. (c) The extrasarcomeric cytoskeleton is composed of desmin and lamin-containing intermediate filaments that provide a link between adjacent myofibrils and a framework for the nuclear envelope. This extrasarcomeric network also includes subsarcolemmal proteins that provide a connection between the peripheral myofibrils to the sarcolemma and to the extracellular matrix. These include the subsarcolemmal proteins dystrophin and its associated glycoproteins which link the sarcomere to the extracellular
Influence of length changes on myocardial metabolism in the cat papillary muscle.
Authors: G Cooper
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVOi) increases in proportion to the cumulative product of active tension and time throughout the normal isometric contraction.However, rapid shortening at any time during a contraction prevents further tension generation and oxygen consumption during the remainder of that contraction.My hypothesis is that, under physiological conditions, shortening produces this effect by reducing the extent and duration of the energy-dependent events subserving contraction.I tested this hypothesis by minimizing the potential reduction of metabolism via muscle shortening during contraction; this was done by lowering temperature (23°C), reducing shortening rate (0.8 muscle length/sec) and increasing myoplasmic calcium (7.5 mM Ca I+ + 10 mM caffeine).Twelve right ventricular cat papillary muscles were released from that length at which maximum active force is developed to a slack length at increasing intervals after stimulation.Under these conditions, absolute MVOj increased significantly, but the relative increase with progressively longer stimulus-release intervals was greatly attenuated.At a 0-miec stimulus-release interval under the present conditions, MVOi was 8.26 nl/mg dry wt per contraction; for a full contraction MVOa was only 27% greater.Under the more physiological conditions employed in a prior study, this increase, from 0.41 to 2.97 nl/mg dry wt per contraction, wa» 824%.The addition of 10"' M norepinephrine under otherwise physiological conditions increased MVOi at all times during contraction, but the relationship between MVOi and length was not altered.These data suggest that, both under normal conditions and after inotropic augmentation, shortening of cardiac muscle during contraction decreases the level of the energydependent events supporting contraction; this may be the mechanism by which MVO, is regulated by length-dependent changes in metabolism throughout contraction.
Camptothecin and taxol: Discovery to clinic
Authors: Monroe E. Wall
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1998)

Camptothecin (CPT) is a pentacyclic alkaloid isolated from wood and bark of Camptotheca acuminata. Initially it was found to be highly active in a number of mouse in vivo cancer assays. Subsequently, CPT was found to uniquely inhibit an enzyme, topoisomerase I, which is involved in DNA replication. A number of CPT analogs are in advanced clinical trial, and two, Topotecan and CPT-11, have been approved for marketing by the FDA. Taxol, a taxane alkaloid, was isolated from Taxus brevifolia. Taxol is a highly cytotoxic compound active in several mouse antitumor assays. It was subsequently found to uniquely inhibit tubulin, a protein involved in mitosis. After clinical evaluation, it has become the drug of choice for treatment of ovarian cancer. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 18, No. 5, 299–314, 1998.
Diabetes is associated with posttranslational modifications in plasminogen resulting in reduced plasmin generation and enzyme-specific activity
Authors: Ramzi A. Ajjan, Toby Gamlen, Kristina F. Standeven, Salihah Mughal, Katharina Hess, Kerrie A. Smith, Emma J. Dunn, M. Maqsud Anwar, Naila Rabbani, Paul J. Thornalley, Helen Philippou, Peter J. Grant
Journal: Blood (2013)
Cardiac Valve Replacement
Authors: Lester R. Bryant
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Cardiac valve replacement was performed in 200 consecutive patients with advanced disability. Mean cardiac index for the group was 2.2 liters/min/sq m, which included 40 patients with an index of 1.6 or below. Correction of two or more valves was required by 25% of the patients. Operative mortality was 27%, and cardiac failure was the most frequent cause of death. Increased operative risk was correlated with multiple valve procedures and with reduced cardiac index. Forty-four late deaths have occurred with actuarial prediction of a 42.6% five-year survival. The analysis suggests that delay in valve replacement is associated with excessive operative mortality and decreased long-term survival.
Pneumonia Associated With Measles
Authors: Arthur S. Dover
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Thirty-three children were hospitalized for pneumonia associated with measles. Eight did not have rash but had serologic evidence of measles infection and an otherwise compatible clinical picture. Lung puncture and tracheal aspirations were performed on 21 of the patients. Mortality was 15.2% (five patients) and was not associated with the use of these procedures. (<i>JAMA</i>234:612-614, 1975)
Molecular imaging analysis of intestinal insulin absorption boosted by cell-penetrating peptides by using positron emission tomography
Authors: Noriyasu Kamei, Mariko Morishita, Yousuke Kanayama, Koki Hasegawa, Mie Nishimura, Emi Hayashinaka, Yasuhiro Wada, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Kozo Takayama
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
A framework for priority setting
Authors: A. Scott, C. Donaldson, S. Wordsworth
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor–Alan Maynard highlighted the lack of a commonly agreed framework or principles that purchasers can use to set priorities.1 We argue that such a framework should be based on the following pragmatic approach.

The starting point of this framework is knowledge of how resources are currently being used. Although this may seem an obvious requirement for accountability, many purchasers simply do not know, other than at a broad level, what resources are spent on different diseases, care groups, local …
Facing the Future
Authors: Toby Hamilton
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our dissection began as a tribal ritual. Only this time, instead of ceremoniously dancing in hopes of reaping a large crop or creating a drought-ending rainfall, we came seeking knowledge. Knowledge passed down perhaps somewhat callously, as is our custom, from one generation to the next so that we can contemplate death before we attempt to understand life. We arrive in full costume: white coat, rubber gloves, dissection manual, scalpel, scissors, and a fresh change of clothes in case the mixed smell of formaldehyde and decaying flesh decided to follow us home. My face was painted with the grave, forbidding expression that the cadavers themselves might have had if they had known I was about to carve them up, system by system, organ by organ, vein by vein, and nerve by nerve, until all that would remain is a box of scraps 2 feet by 2 feet. We stood outside
Reduced Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Families With Exceptional Longevity
Authors: Stephanie Cosentino, Nicole Schupf, Kaare Christensen, Stacy L. Andersen, Anne Newman, Richard Mayeux
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Family studies of centenarians and long-lived persons have found substantial familial aggregation of survival to extreme ages; however, the extent to which such familial longevity is characterized by cognitively intact survival is not established.
"Spin" in media coverage of research can be traced to abstracts
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Positive “spin” in media coverage of health research is often grounded in press releases written by the sponsoring organizations and also in statements in journal abstracts that unduly emphasize the positive and minimize the negative aspects of the study.

Some 40% of abstracts and half of press releases contained spin, the study in PLoS Medicine found, and about half the time these slanted how the research was covered in the media.1

The conclusions were drawn from an analysis of all 70 two arm, randomized controlled trials promoted through the popular EurekAlert! distribution service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science between December 2009 …
Comparison of the Erythropoietic Effect of Erythropoietin and Placental Lactogen.
Authors: Joanne Jepson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Comparison of the Erythropoietic Effect of Erythropoietin and Placental Lactogen.Joanne Jepson, M.D., Henry Friesen, M.D.Joanne Jepson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Henry Friesen, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1042_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA commercial preparation of placental lactogen was found to increase the incorporation of59Fe into the erythrocytes of hypoxia-induced plethoric mice and the red cell mass and plasma volume of normal mice after injection, daily, for 3 weeks. In order to rule out the possibility that the erythropoietic activity of this hormone was due to contamination with erythropoietin, a more purified placental lactogen preparation (Friesen, 1965), as well as other placental fractions obtained by fractionation on Sephadex G100, was tested in plethoric mice for erythropoietic activity. The dose response curve of placental lactogen was compared to that of known amounts... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Joanne Jepson, M.D.; Henry Friesen, M.D.Affiliations: Montreal, Quebec, PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBiological Effects of Non-Primate Prolactin and Human Placental LactogenPlacental lactogen is a haemopoietic hormoneHUMAN CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMOTRAOPHIN AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe Mechanism of Action of Human Placental Lactogen on ErythropoiesisHormonal Control of Erythropoiesis during Pregnancy in the Mouse 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5 Page: 1042-1042 Keywords Chemical fractionation Erythropoietin Hormones Plasma cells Plasma volume ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4653: 5F203-induced reactive oxidative species, DNA damage and apoptosis involves aryl hydrocarbon activation in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Mariana A. Callero, Gabriela Luzzani, Tracey D. Bradshaw, Andrea I. Loaiza Pérez
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the 2nd cause of death by gynecological malignancies after breast cancer. These tumors have poor prognoses because they are detected at advanced stages of disease and show acquired or intrinsic resistance to therapy.Benzothiazoles, agents with preclinical antitumor activity against ovarian and breast cancer models, belong to a novel mechanistic class which bind to the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Phortress the lysylamide prodrug of 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5- fluorobenzothiazole (5F203) is currently under phase I clinical evaluation. We previously demonstrated that these compounds activate AhR signaling in sensitive breast cancer cells, the goal of this project was to evaluate the role of AhR in 5F203 activity in two human ovarian cell lines: IGROV-1 sensitive to 5F203 and SKOV-3 resistant to this agent. We observed by MTS assay IGROV-1 cell growth inhibition of 31.9±12.2% by 0.01 μM 5F203 and almost total growth inhibition (91.9±3.4%) after treatment of IGROV-1 cells with 1 μM 5F203. Pre-incubation with the AhR inhibitor ΔNF (1 μM), partially blocked the effect of 5F203 (inhibition of 21.6±4.7% and 27.7±5.3% respectively). In contrast, 5F203 failed to inhibit growth of SKOV-3 cells.5F203 (1 μM) induced AhR translocation from cytosolic to nuclear fractions evaluated by Western blot and confocal microscopy in IGROV-1 cells only. Moreover, activation of CYP1A1 related promoter sequences and EROD activity further indicated activation of AhR signaling. 5F203 treatment for 1h increased ROS and induced NFκB nuclear translocation only in IGROV-1 cells, effects which were attenuated by pre-treatment with ΔNF. Detection of γH2AX revealed DNA double strand breaks 2h post 5F203 treatment of IGROV-1 cells only. After 24h exposure, 5F203 resulted in increased IGROV-1 cell apoptosis, evaluated by DAPI staining of apoptotic bodies, increased pP53, caspase 3 and PARP cleavage. We also observed G1 cell cycle arrest, increased P21 expression and decreased cyclin D1 expression induced by 5F 203. We conclude that the antitumor/pro-apoptotic effects of 5F203 observed in IGROV-1 cells is mediated by AhR which may be a new molecular target in the treatment of ovarian tumors and that this agent may represent a potential novel treatment for ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4653. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4653
Patients with preeclampsia develop agonistic autoantibodies against the angiotensin AT1 receptor
Authors: Gerd Wallukat, Volker Homuth, Thorsten Fischer, Carsten Lindschau, Björn Horstkamp, Axel Jüpner, Evi Baur, Eberhard Nissen, Klaus Vetter, Dajana Neichel, Joachim W. Dudenhausen, Hermann Haller, Friedrich C. Luft
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Immune mechanisms and the renin–angiotensin system are implicated in preeclampsia. We investigated 25 preeclamptic patients and compared them with 12 normotensive pregnant women and 10 pregnant patients with essential hypertension. Antibodies were detected by the chronotropic responses to AT1 receptor–mediated stimulation of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes coupled with receptor-specific antagonists. Immunoglobulin from all preeclamptic patients stimulated the AT1 receptor, whereas immunoglobulin from controls had no effect. The increased autoimmune activity decreased after delivery. Affinity-column purification and anti–human IgG and IgM antibody exposure implicated an IgG antibody directed at the AT1 receptor. Peptides corresponding to sites on the AT1 receptor's second extracellular loop abolished the stimulatory effect. Western blotting with purified patient IgG and a commercially obtained AT1 receptor antibody produced bands of identical molecular weight. Furthermore, confocal microscopy of vascular smooth muscle cells showed colocalization of purified patient IgG and AT1 receptor antibody. The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor calphostin C prevented the stimulatory effect. Our results suggest that preeclamptic patients develop stimulatory autoantibodies against the second extracellular AT1 receptor loop. The effect appears to be PKC-mediated. These novel autoantibodies may participate in the angiotensin II–induced vascular lesions in these patients.
Israeli plans to sue tobacco companies
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Israel is the first country outside the United States to sue tobacco manufacturers to help cover the medical costs of treating people with smoking related diseases.

The deputy health minister, Shlomo Benizri, told the Israeli parliament on World No Tobacco Day on 31 May that the government had decided in principle to launch a 20bn shekel (£3.57bn; $5.71bn) lawsuit against the companies. Dubek, the cigarette manufacturer and importer, refused to …
Halofuginone to prevent and treat thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: Rafael Bruck, Olga Genina, Hussein Aeed, Rosaly Alexiev, Arnon Nagler, Yona Avni, Mark Pines
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Hepatic fibrosis is associated with activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the major source of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The predominant ECM protein synthesized by the HSC is collagen type I. We evaluated the effect of halofuginone—an inhibitor of collagen synthesis—on thioacetamide (TAA)–induced liver fibrosis in rats. In the control rats the HSC did not express smooth muscle actin, collagen type I gene, or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases–2 (TIMP–2), suggesting that they were in their quiescent state. When treated with TAA, the livers displayed large fibrous septa, which were populated by smooth muscle actin–positive cells expressing high levels of the collagen α1(I) gene and containing high levels of TIMP–2, all of which are characteristic of advanced fibrosis. Halofuginone given orally before fibrosis induction prevented the activation of most of the stellate cells and the remaining cells expressed low levels of collagen α1(I) gene, resulting in low levels of collagen. The level of TIMP–2 was almost the same as in the control livers. When given to rats with established fibrosis, halofuginone caused almost complete resolution of the fibrotic condition. The levels of collagen, collagen α1(I) gene expression, TIMP–2 content, and smooth muscle actin–positive cells were as in the control rats. Halofuginone inhibited the proliferation of other cell types of the fibrotic liver in vivo and inhibited collagen production and collagen α1(I) gene expression in the SV40–immortalized rat HSC–T6 cells in vitro . These results suggest that halofuginone may become an effective and novel mode of therapy in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
TWO CASES OF TYPHOID SPINE.
Authors: PRESCOTT LE BRETON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>Case 1.</h3> —H. W. M., male, aged 37, was referred to me by Dr. J. W. Putnam, in March, 1906. His family and personal histories were very good. <h3>History.</h3> —Seven months before coming to Buffalo for treatment this man had an attack of typhoid, ordinary in type. He remained in bed for a month and not long after was able to return to his business. He noticed that his back was very tender and stiff, and at times painful. This condition continued and the stiffness grew slowly worse, causing him to be very guarded in all his movements. About three months after convalescence he slipped and wrenched his back. He was compelled to go to bed and the muscle spasm resulting sometimes caused him to scream with pain. <h3>Examination.</h3> —On examination a straight spine was found, with absence of the normal lumbar lordosis. There was considerable tenderness all over the