tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary cortisol resistance associated with a thermolabile glucocorticoid receptor in a patient with fatigue as the only symptom.
Authors: M Brönnegård, S Werner, J A Gustafsson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We have studied a woman with an apparent receptor-mediated resistance to cortisol on the basis of elevated 24-h mean plasma cortisol levels and increased urinary free cortisol. Plasma ACTH concentrations were normal but she was resistant to adrenal suppression by dexamethasone. No stigmata of Cushing's syndrome were seen. To study the proposed end-organ resistance to cortisol, we examined the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in lymphocytes and in fibroblasts from this patient and from her son. Several molecular properties of the GR of lymphocytes from the patient were indistinguishable from that of normal control subjects. In thermolability assays, however, the patient's GR as well as her son's GR showed a striking heat sensitivity at 40 degrees and 45 degrees C when compared with GR from normal persons. In addition, data from the thermolability assays correlated well with the lack at 45 degrees C of dexamethasone-induced decrease in in vitro [3H]thymidine incorporation into lymphocytes derived from both patients.
Does troponin positivity add prognostic value to quantitative ST segment depression in predicting death and myocardial infarction in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome patients?
Authors: Padma Kaul, Yuling Fu, L.Kristin Newby, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Robert A. Harrington, E.Magnus Ohman, Frans Van de Werf, Paul W. Armstrong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Biological activity of tobacco smoke and tobacco smoke-related chemicals.
Authors: R E Kouri, T H Rude, R D Curren, K R Brandt, R G Sosnowski, L M Schechtman, W F Benedict, C J Henry
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Exposure to whole cigarette smoke from reference cigarettes results in the prompt (peak activity is 6 hrs), but fairly weak (similar to 2 fold), induction of murine pulmonary microsomal monooxygenase activity. This activity can be detected by using as substrates either benzo(a)pyrene or ethoxyresorufin, and can be inhibited by treatment with cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Unlike the induction of pulmonary monooxygenases following intratracheal administration of 3-methylcholanthrene, these cigarette smoke-induced increases were not unequivocally linked to the Ah locus. Whole smoke condensate and fractions derived from these condensates can; a) induce pulmonary monooxygenase activity, b) inhibit benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in vitro, c) be metabolized to forms mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA153, or TA98, d) transform C3H 10T1/2 cells in vitro, and e) enhance the carcinogenicity of benzo(a)pyrene in murine pulmonary tissue. A potentially important observation is that whereas hepatic tissue is capable of activating whole cigarette smoke condensate to mutagenic forms in vitro, murine pulmonary tissue does not seem capable of such activation. Although these pulmonary-derived tissue homogenates have significant AHH activity and can metabolize Aflatoxin B1, 2-aminofluorene and 7, 8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene to mutagenic forms, these homogenates fail to activate both cigarette smoke condensate and the pro-mutagen, 6-aminochrysene. These results are discussed with reference to the concept that whole cigarette smoke may be both a potential
Biofilm formation by<i><i>Clostridium difficile</i></i>
Authors: Tanja Dapa, Meera Unnikrishnan
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a major healthcare-associated disease worldwide. Recurring infections and increasing antibiotic resistance have complicated treatment of CDI. While C. difficile spores are important for transmission and persistence of CDI, other factors such as gut colonization and formation of bacterial communities in the gut may also contribute to pathogenesis and persistence, but have not been well investigated. Recently, we reported that important clinical C. difficile strains are able to form composite biofilms in vitro. C. difficile biofilm formation is a complex process, modulated by several different factors, including cell surface components and regulators. We also reported that bacteria within biofilms are more resistant to high concentrations of vancomycin, the antibiotic of choice for treatment of CDI. Here we summarize our recent findings and discuss the implications of biofilm formation by this anaerobic gut pathogen in disease pathogenesis and treatment.
Asthma and Athletic Performance
Authors: George A. Sheehan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I think the problem of asthmogenicity (236:152, 1976) in the various sports can be solved by looking at the type of breathing in these events. Swimming is done in a prone or supine position, where diaphragmatic breathing is the rule. In addition, expiration is done against resistance. These two factors—diaphragmatic breathing and exhalation against pressure—reduce trapped air and prevent asthma.
A modified repair for the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee.
Authors: J P Holland
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

A retrospective analysis of 48 sportsmen and women from an original series of 76 consecutive patients who had undergone a modified McIntosh repair was carried out to establish whether or not the procedure could provide a satisfactory recovery and return to previous ability. The type and level of sport before injury was compared with that after operation. Symptoms of pain and giving way, and examination findings of pivot shift, and Lachman's test were compared before and after operation. Of the 48 patients assessed, 28 (58%) returned to full sporting capacity; 17 (35%) patients were participating in different sports or lower levels of their previous sports, and three patients did not participate in any sport. The more severely symptomatic knees did not perform so well after operation. The degree of preoperative anterior draw and Lachman's test did not influence the final result and the pivot shift, present in all before operation, was abolished in all but one case, which remained badly symptomatic. Concurrent meniscal injury or medial or lateral laxity did not influence return to sport once a full postoperative recovery was made. No deterioration was noticed in the level of sporting ability achieved thereafter. In this study it has been shown that the modified McIntosh repair is a swift extra-articular reconstruction for the anterior cruciate ligament deficient knee, which is less elaborate than previously described Ellison and McIntosh procedures, and which has produced a comparable result.
Induced Pluripotency for Translational Research
Authors: Menghua Wu, Guilai Chen, Baoyang Hu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has revolutionized the concept of cellular reprogramming and potentially will solve the immunological compatibility issues that have so far hindered the application of human pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine. Recent findings showed that pluripotency is defined by a state of balanced lineage potency, which can be artificially instated through various procedures, including the conventional Yamanaka strategy. As a type of pluripotent stem cell, iPSCs are subject to the usual concerns over purity of differentiated derivatives and risks of tumor formation when used for cell-based therapy, though they provide certain advantages in translational research, especially in the areas of personalized medicine, disease modeling and drug screening. iPSC-based technology, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and direct lineage conversion each will play distinct roles in specific aspects of translational medicine, and continue yielding surprises for scientists and the public.
Minimal Differentiation of Classical Monocytes as They Survey Steady-State Tissues and Transport Antigen to Lymph Nodes
Authors: Claudia Jakubzick, Emmanuel L. Gautier, Sophie L. Gibbings, Dorothy K. Sojka, Andreas Schlitzer, Theodore E. Johnson, Stoyan Ivanov, Qiaonan Duan, Shashi Bala, Tracy Condon, Nico van Rooijen, John R. Grainger, Yasmine Belkaid, Avi Ma’ayan, David W.H. Riches, Wayne M. Yokoyama, Florent Ginhoux, Peter M. Henson, Gwendalyn J. Randolph
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Some Aspects of Midwifery in Greece
Authors: N. Louros, N. M. Kairis
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MMWIFERYtotal staff employed consisted of two doctors and ten SOME ASPEC OF MIDWIiERY midwives, and a maximum of five deliveries could be IN GREECE attended daily.If, during the birth, any complication arose, the car took the woman to hospital.Unfor-BY -tunately the war deprived us of this valuable car, Professor N. LOUROS, M.D.
A single glycan on IgE is indispensable for initiation of anaphylaxis
Authors: Kai-Ting C. Shade, Barbara Platzer, Nathaniel Washburn, Vinidhra Mani, Yannic C. Bartsch, Michelle Conroy, Jose D. Pagan, Carlos Bosques, Thorsten R. Mempel, Edda Fiebiger, Robert M. Anthony
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

Immunoglobulin ε (IgE) antibodies are the primary mediators of allergic diseases, which affect more than 1 in 10 individuals worldwide. IgE specific for innocuous environmental antigens, or allergens, binds and sensitizes tissue-resident mast cells expressing the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI. Subsequent allergen exposure cross-links mast cell–bound IgE, resulting in the release of inflammatory mediators and initiation of the allergic cascade. It is well established that precise glycosylation patterns exert profound effects on the biological activity of IgG. However, the contribution of glycosylation to IgE biology is less clear. Here, we demonstrate an absolute requirement for IgE glycosylation in allergic reactions. The obligatory glycan was mapped to a single N-linked oligomannose structure in the constant domain 3 (Cε3) of IgE, at asparagine-394 (N394) in human IgE and N384 in mouse. Genetic disruption of the site or enzymatic removal of the oligomannose glycan altered IgE secondary structure and abrogated IgE binding to FcεRI, rendering IgE incapable of eliciting mast cell degranulation, thereby preventing anaphylaxis. These results underscore an unappreciated and essential requirement of glycosylation in IgE biology.
The Ethics of In Utero Surgery
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1981)

ABSTRACT Barclay: New scientific knowledge and resultant technologies create ethical dilemmas for society. The potential applications of in utero surgery for the repair of fetal defects are enormous and raise interesting ethical questions. The work of Drs Hodgen and Michejda and their associates, such as fetoscopic insertion of a prosthesis to relieve intracranial pressure in the hydrocephalic fetus and closure of neural tube defects, represents important advances and will be the context of our discussion today.McCormick: As part of any full discussion of an issue like this, something that strikes me is the need to distinguish among technologies. How is in utero surgery similar or dissimilar to end-stage renal disease programs, cardiac bypass surgery, and so on? In many such procedures, we are dealing with people who have lived fairly full lives, and we are not changing life radically, in terms of mentation or freedom. With the technology under discussion,
Thiazolidinediones and glucocorticoids synergistically induce differentiation of human adipose tissue stromal cells: Biochemical, cellular, and molecular analysis
Authors: Yuan-Di C. Halvorsen, Arden Bond, Anindita Sen, Dawn M. Franklin, Y.Renee Lea-Currie, Danuta Sujkowski, P.Nicole Ellis, William O. Wilkison, Jeffrey M. Gimble
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Group A Streptococcal Sepsis and Arthritis
Authors: James D. Brosseau
Journal: JAMA (1977)

INFECTION is a recognized risk of the intrauterine device (IUD).<sup>1</sup>The causative organisms are usually vaginal or colonic flora or<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>, and the infections tend to be localized to the pelvis.<sup>2</sup>We report a case of group A streptococcal septicemia with monoarticular arthritis, originating from an infected IUD. Our evidence suggests that the infection was transmitted to the patient through sexual foreplay. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 28-year-old woman had fever and chills followed by headache, nausea, and vomiting. After three days she was awakened at night by severe pain in her right shoulder and wrist. During the next two days, this pain became worse and she sought medical attention. Her past medical history was unremarkable. A Lippe's loop was inserted two years earlier following her second normal pregnancy and delivery. Three weeks before her present illness, sore throat and cellulitis of several fingers on both hands
GRAB: A Physiologic Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor for Rab3a, which Interacts with Inositol Hexakisphosphate Kinase
Authors: Hongbo R. Luo, Adolfo Saiardi, Eiichiro Nagata, Keqiang Ye, Hongbo Yu, Thomas S. Jung, Xiaojiang Luo, Sima Jain, Akira Sawa, Solomon H. Snyder
Journal: Neuron (2001)
Buying Time with Artificial Lungs
Authors: Warren M. Zapol, Richard J. Kitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The membrane lung is an extracorporeal device for exchanging blood gases. By preventing hypoxia and hypercapnia, use of the membrane lung can maintain life while otherwise intolerable pulmonary damage heals. Repair is possible because appropriate levels of extracorporeal support can relieve the patient's lungs of their primary burden of respiratory gas exchange and of the handicaps of conventional therapy: high ventilator pressures and inspired oxygen concentrations.The article by Hill et al. in this issue of the Journal presents an unusual case in which prolonged extracorporeal oxygenation enabled improvement of impaired pulmonary gas exchange and eventual survival. Like all existing . . .
Influence of Anxiety on the Course of Heart Disease after Acute Myocardial Infarction – Risk Factor or Protective Function?
Authors: D. Benninghoven, A. Kaduk, U. Wiegand, T. Specht, S. Kunzendorf, G. Jantschek
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

There is a lack of clarity concerning the effect of anxiety on the course of cardiac events following myocardial infarction. Some studies have identified anxiety as a risk factor for further cardiac events. However, it is also considered to be a protective factor, as a higher level of anxiety may improve patient compliance and regular medical checkups.A group of 76 patients with myocardial infarction underwent physical examination and had their anxiety levels assessed within the first week, and 31 months after myocardial infarction. Cardiac events were documented during the follow-up period. We investigated the predictive value for the occurrence of cardiac events of sociodemographic, psychological and physical parameters when evaluated within the first week after myocardial infarction. Compliancy and regularity of medical checkups were registered.Cardiac events occurred in 24 patients during a mean follow-up period of 31 months. The group of anxious patients not only suffered more often from cardiac events, these events also occurred earlier than in nonanxious patients. Age, gender, partner status, level of anxiety and comorbid diabetes at the time of first assessment proved to be discriminatory variables between patients suffering further cardiac incidents and those free of further events. Anxious patients were more likely to continue smoking, whereas less anxious patients were more likely to give up smoking.
The Use and Danger of the Nasal Douche.
Authors: H. Gradle
Journal: JAMA (1890)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> At the last meeting of the American Medical Association Dr. W. C. Richardson (The Journal, November 30, 1889), reported three instances of acute inflammation of the middle ear resulting from the use of a nasal spray under high pressure. Since some writers have recommended the spray for cleansing the nose on account of its safety as compared with the more dangerous nasal douche, it does not seem out of place to me to relate my own extensive experience with the use of the latter method. As long as numerous observations have shown that the douche can do harm, it ought not to be given into the hands of patients except on proper indications. This rule, however, is often overlooked, and the douche is not rarely recommended by general practitioners when of doubtful utility. The only thing the douche can do, is to remove secretion, and it can
Knockout of myeloid cell leukemia-1 induces liver damage and increases apoptosis susceptibility of murine hepatocytes
Authors: Binje Vick, Achim Weber, Toni Urbanik, Thorsten Maass, Andreas Teufel, Peter H. Krammer, Joseph T. Opferman, Marcus Schuchmann, Peter R. Galle, Henning Schulze-Bergkamen
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) is an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family. It interacts with proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members, thereby inhibiting mitochondrial activation and induction of apoptosis. Mcl-1 is essential for embryonal development and the maintenance of B cells, T cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. We have recently shown that induction of Mcl-1 by growth factors rescues primary human hepatocytes from CD95-mediated apoptosis. This prompted us to further analyze the relevance of Mcl-1 for hepatocellular homeostasis. Therefore, we generated a hepatocyte-specific Mcl-1 knockout mouse (Mcl-1 flox/flox -AlbCre). Deletion of Mcl-1 in hepatocytes results in liver cell damage caused by spontaneous induction of apoptosis. Livers of Mcl-1 flox/flox -AlbCre mice are smaller compared to control littermates, due to higher apoptosis rates. As a compensatory mechanism, proliferation of hepatocytes is enhanced in the absence of Mcl-1. Importantly, hepatic pericellular fibrosis occurs in Mcl-1 negative livers in response to chronic liver damage. Furthermore, Mcl-1 flox/flox -AlbCre mice are more susceptible to hepatocellular damage induced by agonistic anti-CD95 antibodies or concanavalin A. Conclusion: The present study provides in vivo evidence that Mcl-1 is a crucial antiapoptotic factor for the liver, contributing to hepatocellular homeostasis and protecting hepatocytes from apoptosis induction. (Hepatology 2009.)
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and proinflammatory cytokines induce gastrin in hepatic cells: An important link in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?
Authors: P.C. Konturek, S.J. Konturek, F. Stickel, K. Bazela, W. Bielanski, J.H. Rehfeld, E.G. Hahn, D. Schuppan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Senior house officers and their training. I. Personal characteristics and professional circumstances.
Authors: J. Grant, P. Marsden, R. C. King
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To assess the experience and perceptions of training of senior house officers in medicine a population survey of senior house officer training was conducted on senior house officers, registrars, senior registrars, and consultants in six medical specialties in South East Thames region by interview and postal questionnaire. The overall response rate was 72%, varying from 62% to 83% according to status and from 61% to 80% according to specialty. Although most of the 226 senior house officer respondents were aged 28 or under (168/225), had been qualified for four years or less (168/225) and were British (176/223), a quarter were older and had been qualified for five years or more; in all, 17 other nationalities were represented. Twenty two were aged over 33, and 17 had been qualified for more than 10 years. Thirty five senior house officers worked more than the mode of the distribution of duty rotas (one in three). Among postgraduate qualifications achieved or pursued, those related to general practice were highly represented (164 examinations); 111 senior house officers intended becoming general practitioners, 63 non-teaching hospital consultants, and 34 university or NHS teaching staff. Analysis of career progression showed that an appreciable number (31/221) had had more than three senior house officer posts. The findings indicate that the main implications for training and education are time for study, careers advice, and revision of educational programmes.
Change in cough reflex after treatment with enalapril and ramipril.
Authors: J. R. McEwan, N. Choudry, R. Street, R. W. Fuller
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To find out whether enalapril or ramipril causes the sensitivity of the cough reflex to change or symptomatic cough to develop in patients with hypertension.Prospective, placebo controlled, double blind, randomised crossover study.Academic units of clinical pharmacology and medicine.20 Patients (nine men and 11 women) who needed to take angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors to control hypertension.All patients received enalapril 10 mg daily, ramipril 10 mg daily, or placebo daily for one week in random order, with a washout period of at least one week between treatments. For assessment of sensitivity of the cough reflex the patients inhaled various concentrations of capsaicin solution in random order.Measurement of the doses of capsaicin required to cause two or more and five or more coughs or the development of a symptomatic cough.Blood pressure, symptoms of cough, and the sensitivity of the cough reflex to inhaled capsaicin were recorded at the start of the study and before and at the end of each treatment period. Plasma urea and creatinine concentrations and angiotensin converting enzyme activity were measured at the start of the study and the end of each treatment period. Data were analysed by two way analysis of variance. Mean blood pressure was 159/97 mm Hg at the start of the study and 152/92, 143/88, and 147/86 mm Hg after treatment with placebo, enalapril, and ramipril respectively. Mean (SE) plasma angiotensin converting enzyme activity was 2.2 (0.2) mmol/l/h after treatment with placebo and fell significantly to 1.3 (0.1) mmol/l/h and to 0.4 (0.1) mmol/l/h after treatment with enalapril and ramipril respectively. No patient complained of cough while taking placebo but three women complained of cough when taking both enalapril and ramipril. The mean (95% confidence interval) lowest dose of capsaicin causing two or more coughs was 2.4 (1.5 to 4.0), 1.8 (1.12 to 2.82), and 2.2 (1.7 to 3.0) nmol after treatment with placebo, enalapril, and ramipril respectively; none of these changes were significant. The lowest dose of capsaicin causing five or more coughs was 18.9 (13.9 to 25.8), 14.4 (8.4 to 24.5), and 15.3 (10.8 to 21.2) nmol respectively; none of these changes were significant. The three patients who complained of cough had normal sensitivity to capsaicin after treatment with placebo but had a considerably increased sensitivity after treatment with enalapril and ramipril.Both enalapril and ramipril increase the sensitivity of the cough reflex appreciably in patients who complain of cough during treatment, but they do not change the se