tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health benefits for veteran (senior) tennis players
Authors: B L Marks
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

To explore the health benefits of tennis participation in veteran players and to identify future research needs, an electronic literature search using the Ovid (Cinhal, Medline, Sport Discus) library databases from 1966–2005 was undertaken. Specific search words were employed related to tennis, aging, exercise, health, and the psychophysiological systems. Public access internet search engines were also used (Google, PubMed), along with non-electronic searches of library holdings. There is ample research documenting the health benefits of regular participation in moderately intense aerobic activity. There have been research studies targeting veteran tennis players but most were cross sectional. No tennis related study successfully eliminated all confounding cross training effects. The health of veteran tennis players is improved by enhanced aerobic capacity, greater bone densities in specific regions, lower body fat, greater strength, and maintained reaction time performance in comparison with age matched but less active controls. However, it is not certain whether tennis alone can be a sole contributor to these physiological variables. Well controlled longitudinal research among elite veteran and novice older adult players is needed.
Short-course oral zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: a randomised trial
Authors: Stefan Z Wiktor, Ehounou Ekpini, John M Karon, John Nkengasong, Chantal Maurice, Sibailly T Severin, Thierry H Roels, Moise K Kouassi, Eve M Lackritz, Issa-Malick Coulibaly, Alan E Greenberg
Journal: The Lancet (1999)
Lung status in young Danish rurals: the effect of farming exposure on asthma-like symptoms and lung function
Authors: O Omland, T Sigsgaard, C Hjort, OF Pedersen, MR Miller
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of asthma (self-reported) and relate this to lung function and factors associated with asthma in young farmers. Two hundred and ten female and 1,691 male farming students together with 407 males controls were studied. Each subject underwent a medical interview; forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were recorded using a dry wedge spirometer. Histamine bronchial reactivity was measured using the Yan method. Skin prick testing was performed using inhalant allergens. Nonsmokers had lower prevalence of asthma (5.4-10.8%) than smokers (11.3-21.0%) (p&lt;0.05). Females reported symptoms of asthma nearly twice as often as males. Sex, smoking and a family history of asthma/allergy were significantly associated with asthma. Controls had higher standardized FEV1 and FVC residuals than male students, both nonsmokers (0.21 and 0.24) versus (-0.06 and -0.05) and smokers (0.29 and 0.33) versus (-0.11 and 0.13) (p&lt;0.032). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, asthma, siblings with allergy and working with cattle (controls only) were significantly associated with reduced lung function. In conclusion, the prevalence of asthma was significantly related to smoking, female sex, family history of asthma and allergy. Whilst bronchial hyperresponsiveness was associated with reduced lung function and lung function was slightly reduced in the male farming students, there was no association found between occupational farming exposure and either lung symptoms or lung function.
Randomized Noninferiority Trial of Telephone Versus In-Person Genetic Counseling for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Marc D. Schwartz, Heiddis B. Valdimarsdottir, Beth N. Peshkin, Jeanne Mandelblatt, Rachel Nusbaum, An-Tsun Huang, Yaojen Chang, Kristi Graves, Claudine Isaacs, Marie Wood, Wendy McKinnon, Judy Garber, Shelley McCormick, Anita Y. Kinney, George Luta, Sarah Kelleher, Kara-Grace Leventhal, Patti Vegella, Angie Tong, Lesley King
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Although guidelines recommend in-person counseling before BRCA1/BRCA2 gene testing, genetic counseling is increasingly offered by telephone. As genomic testing becomes more common, evaluating alternative delivery approaches becomes increasingly salient. We tested whether telephone delivery of BRCA1/2 genetic counseling was noninferior to in-person delivery.Participants (women age 21 to 85 years who did not have newly diagnosed or metastatic cancer and lived within a study site catchment area) were randomly assigned to usual care (UC; n = 334) or telephone counseling (TC; n = 335). UC participants received in-person pre- and post-test counseling; TC participants completed all counseling by telephone. Primary outcomes were knowledge, satisfaction, decision conflict, distress, and quality of life; secondary outcomes were equivalence of BRCA1/2 test uptake and costs of delivering TC versus UC.TC was noninferior to UC on all primary outcomes. At 2 weeks after pretest counseling, knowledge (d = 0.03; lower bound of 97.5% CI, -0.61), perceived stress (d = -0.12; upper bound of 97.5% CI, 0.21), and satisfaction (d = -0.16; lower bound of 97.5% CI, -0.70) had group differences and confidence intervals that did not cross their 1-point noninferiority limits. Decision conflict (d = 1.1; upper bound of 97.5% CI, 3.3) and cancer distress (d = -1.6; upper bound of 97.5% CI, 0.27) did not cross their 4-point noninferiority limit. Results were comparable at 3 months. TC was not equivalent to UC on BRCA1/2 test uptake (UC, 90.1%; TC, 84.2%). TC yielded cost savings of $114 per patient.Genetic counseling can be effectively and efficiently delivered via telephone to increase access and decrease costs.
A study of migraine in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: D A Isenberg, D Meyrick-Thomas, M L Snaith, R O McKeran, J P Royston
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

An increased prevalence of classical migraine was found in 30 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with an age and sex-matched control group by means of a detailed questionnaire. No significant difference were found between the patients and controls, who had classical and common migraine or visual auras without headache, with regard to a family history of migraine, the age of onset of the migraine, Raynaud9s phenomenon, or use of oral contraceptives. Increased activity of the lupus was not generally associated with an increase in migraine attacks. It is suggested that migrainous phenomena may be a feature of SLE.
Decoupling of Molecular and Morphological Evolution in Deep Lineages of a Meiobenthic Harpacticoid Copepod
Authors: Axayácatl Rocha-Olivares, John W. Fleeger, David W. Foltz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Molecular and biochemical genetic analyses have revealed that many marine invertebrate taxa, including some well-studied and presumably cosmopolitan species, are actually complexes of sibling species. When morphological differences are slight and estimated divergence times are old, data suggest either unusually high rates of sequence evolution or long-term morphological stasis. Here, five gene regions (mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and large-subunit ribosomal 16S rDNA and nuclear ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2) were analyzed in four geographic samples of the meiobenthic harpacticoid copepod Cletocamptus deitersi. Molecular sequences revealed four extremely differentiated molecular lineages with unalignable nuclear intergenic spacers and mitochondrial uncorrected divergences reaching 25% (cytochrome oxidase) and 36% (16S rDNA). These levels of divergence are greater than those reported previously for congeneric species in diverse invertebrate taxa, including crustaceans. The nominally intraspecific divergence matches or exceeds the corresponding divergence from a known congener (Cletocamptus helobius). A molecular clock applied to the cytochrome oxidase subunit I data suggests that these lineages split in the Miocene, consistent with the fossil record of a North American Cletocamptus from the same period. Morphological differences among the major lineages are subtle but congruent with the patterns of genetic differentiation. Our conclusion, based on concordant patterns of variation in two mitochondrial and three nuclear gene regions, as well as morphological observations, is that C. deitersi in North America is composed of at least four separate species by the genealogical concordance, phylogenetic, and morphological-species criteria. Alternative explanations for the deep phylogenetic nodes and apparent morphological stasis, including high rates of sequence evolution, balancing selection, and genetic signatures of historical events, are considered unlikely.
Changes of antimicrobial peptide mRNA expression in atopic eczema following phototherapy
Authors: T. Gambichler, M. Skrygan, N.S. Tomi, P. Altmeyer, A. Kreuter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background The epidermal expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as human β-defensin (hBD)-2 and cathelicidin LL-37 is downregulated in atopic eczema (AE) as compared with psoriasis. Hence, AMPs may represent important cofactors in the pathogenesis of AE. Objectives In the present pilot study we aimed to investigate whether the cutaneous mRNA expression of AMPs is altered in patients with AE following narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy. Methods We studied 12 patients diagnosed with extrinsic AE who underwent a 6-week course of NB-UVB. Skin biopsies were taken from healthy controls (n = 12) and patients with AE at baseline and after the last NB-UVB irradiation. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was performed for hBD-1, hBD-2, hBD-3 and LL-37. Results A significant (P < 0·05) reduction in the clinical score was observed after treatment with NB-UVB. As compared with controls, patients with AE showed a significantly lower hBD-1 mRNA expression and significantly higher hBD-2 levels (P < 0·05). Following NB-UVB treatment of patients with AE we observed a significant increase of hBD-1 expression as well a significant decrease of hBD-2 (P < 0·05). Levels of hBD-3 and LL-37 did not significantly differ between the groups (P > 0·05). Conclusions The pattern of mRNA expression of constitutive (hBD-1) as well as inducible (hBD-2) AMPs seems to be altered in AE as compared with healthy controls. The resolution of AE lesions following phototherapy is accompanied by significant changes in mRNA expression of hBDs, indicating that AMPs may play a role in the pathogenesis of AE.
Evolution of the caecal epithelial barrier during Clostridium difficile infection in the mouse.
Authors: M Heyman, G Corthier, F Lucas, J C Meslin, J F Desjeux
Journal: Gut (1989)

The most striking effect of Clostridium difficile infection is its degrading of the intestinal barrier. The aim of this study is to establish whether the cellular or paracellular constituent of the barrier is the initial target of the toxins produced by C difficile. Accordingly, the caecal epithelium of C3H/He mice was challenged under three experimental conditions with the C difficile strain VPI 10463: (1) by in vivo inoculation of axenic mice, (2) by adding the toxins to ligated caeca in vivo, and (3) by adding them to the mucosal side of isolated caeca in Ussing chambers. Under all three conditions, the epithelial barrier was tested in caeca mounted in these chambers. The transepithelial potential difference (PD), electrical conductance (G), and intact and degraded Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) fluxes were used as indexes of permeability. Results were as follows: (1) In axenic mice, C difficile caused severe infection, produced toxins A and B, reduced PD, and enhanced G and intact HRP fluxes without changing degraded HRP fluxes, (2) four hours after the toxins were added to ligated caeca in vivo, PD was relatively unaltered, but G, and intact and degraded HRP fluxes increased, and (3) when toxins were added to caeca during two hours in the Ussing chambers, the only modification observed was an increase in degraded-HRP fluxes. These results indicate that the C difficile toxins gradually cause intestinal lesions. After an apparent resistance, they stimulate the endocytotic process and then increase paracellular permeability and finally cause loss of cell viability.
Distinguishing schizophrenia from the mechanisms underlying hallucinations
Authors: Steven M. Silverstein, William A. Phillips
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

This commentary challenges the argument that the diathesis for hallucinations is equivalent to that for schizophrenia. Evidence against this comes from data on the prevalence of hallucinations in schizophrenia, their nonspecificity, and their relationships with moderating variables. We also highlight, however, the manner in which the Behrendt &amp; Young (B&amp;Y) hypothesis extends recent neuroscientific theories of schizophrenia, and its potential treatment applications.
Axillary dissection versus no axillary dissection in patients with sentinel-node micrometastases (IBCSG 23–01): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial
Authors: Viviana Galimberti, Bernard F Cole, Stefano Zurrida, Giuseppe Viale, Alberto Luini, Paolo Veronesi, Paola Baratella, Camelia Chifu, Manuela Sargenti, Mattia Intra, Oreste Gentilini, Mauro G Mastropasqua, Giovanni Mazzarol, Samuele Massarut, Jean-Rémi Garbay, Janez Zgajnar, Hanne Galatius, Angelo Recalcati, David Littlejohn, Monika Bamert, Marco Colleoni, Karen N Price, Meredith M Regan, Aron Goldhirsch, Alan S Coates, Richard D Gelber, Umberto Veronesi
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
Effect of Diphenylhydantoin on Cortisol Metabolism in Man *
Authors: Emile E. Werk, Joseph MacGee, Leon J. Sholiton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

1 Glossary of trivial names and abbreviations: diphenylhydantoin (DPH) =5,5'-diphenylhydantoin; 6-hydroxycortisol (6 -OHF) = 6a (/3), 11,/, 17a, 21 -tetrahydroxy -4 - pregnene-3,20 -dione; 17-OHCS = 17-hydroxycorticosteroids; ACTH = adrenocorticotrophic hormone; methopyrapone (Metopirone, Ciba Pharmaceutical Co., Summit, N. J.) =2-methyl-1,2-di-(3-pyridyl)-1-propanone.Tet- rahydro derivatives: THF (tetrahydrocortisol) = 3a,11,, 17a,21-tetrahydroxy-5/8-pregnan-20-one; allo-THF (allo- tetrahydrocortisol) = 3a,11/3,17a,21-tetrahydroxy-5a-?pregnan-20-one;THE (tetrahydrocortisone) = 3a,17a,21-tri- hydroxy-5p-pregnan-11,20-dione.Cortol = 3a,11,8,17a,20a (/3),21-pentahydroxy-5/3-pregnane; cortolone = 3a,17a,20a (/3) ,21-tetrahydroxy-5/8-pregnan-11-one; 17-KS = 17-ke- tosteroids; 1 1-hydroxyetiocholanolone = 3a,1j1/-dihydroxy-5,B-androstan-17-one; dehydroisoandrosterone = 3/3-hy- droxy-5-androstene-17-one
Small Solutions to Big Problems
Authors: Deepak Srivastava, Amy J. Heidersbach
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

H eart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mor- tality in the developed world.Patient recovery after cardiac injury is hampered by the extremely limited regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian heart.In addition to cell-based approaches and in situ cardiac reprogramming, significant interest has been focused on genetic and small molecule-based strategies to enhance endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferative potential.A recent study in Nature suggests, for the first time, that microRNAs may have the ability to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration in adult mice.The overwhelming majority of cardiomyocytes in the mammalian heart lose their proliferative capacity shortly after birth.Acute or chronic injury to the myocardium often results in extensive loss of cardiomyocytes and a nonregenerative healing response characterized by scar formation, both of which contribute to a permanent loss of cardiac function.Despite some evidence that the rate of cardiomyocyte renewal may increase slightly after injury, 1 this response is insufficient to replace the ≈1 billion cardiomyocytes that may be lost during a typical myocardial infarction.The insufficiency of the cardiac repair response results in progressive cardiac dysfunction, and individuals suffering from end-stage heart failure are currently limited to orthotopic cardiac transplant.It is, therefore, of great clinical importance to develop therapeutic strategies that could enhance the normal regenerative potential of the adult mammalian heart.Recently, a study published in Nature by Eulalio et al 2 took a novel approach to this problem.Using a screening approach, the authors interrogated the potential of a class of genes called microRNAs (miRNAs) to induce cell-cycle reentry Small Solutions to Big Problems MicroRNAs for Cardiac Regeneration
Ovarian Carcinoma Expresses the NKG2D Ligand Letal and Promotes the Survival and Expansion of CD28− Antitumor T Cells
Authors: Jose R. Conejo-Garcia, Fabian Benencia, Maria C. Courreges, Phyllis A. Gimotty, Eugene Khang, Ronald J. Buckanovich, Kenneth A. Frauwirth, Lin Zhang, Dionyssios Katsaros, Craig B. Thompson, Bruce Levine, George Coukos
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The role of the NKG2D immunoreceptor and its ligands in antitumor immune response is incompletely understood. Here, we report that effector immune cells infiltrating ovarian carcinoma are mostly CD8+ lymphocytes lacking CD28 but expressing the NKG2D costimulatory receptor. Human ovarian carcinoma expresses the novel NKG2D ligand lymphocyte effector cell toxicity-activating ligand (Letal). Letal was found to be an independent prognosticator of improved survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Higher levels of tumor-derived Letal were associated with stronger lymphocyte infiltration. Letal exerted marked costimulatory effects and induced type-1 polarization in CD8+CD28− tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ex vivo. Letal engagement increased the expression of the glucose transporter Glut-1, enhanced glucose up-take, and protected CD8+ lymphocytes from cisplatin-induced killing. Letal also down-regulated the expression of Fas in CD8+ cells and rendered them resistant to Fas ligand-induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that Letal promotes tumor immune surveillance by promoting the survival and intratumoral expansion of antitumor cytotoxic lymphocytes. We propose that Letal could be used for the ex vivo expansion of apoptosis-resistant tumor-reactive cytotoxic lymphocytes for adoptive transfer.
THE FATE OF A VIRULENT HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS INJECTED INTO THE SKIN OF NORMAL AND IMMUNIZED RABBITS
Authors: D. Murray Angevine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. Hemolytic streptococci, highly virulent for rabbits, when injected into the skin of normal animals increased greatly in number at the site of injection during the first 12 hours, diminished somewhat after 24 hours but still persisted after 21 days. They produced large abscesses within 24 hours, there was ulceration, and healing occurred after about 5 weeks. Histological observations confirmed the bacteriological evidence that the streptococci underwent great multiplication at the site of their injection. 2. Virulent hemolytic streptococci injected into the skin of normal rabbits appeared in small numbers within 1 hour in the lymph nodes. As multiplication proceeded in the skin, hemolytic streptococci were found in large numbers from 1 hour to 7 days after inoculation in the inguinal lymph nodes. 3. Hemolytic streptococci were recovered from deeper lymph nodes, that is, from the iliac nodes, but only in animals of which the inguinal lymph nodes contained bacteria in relatively large numbers. 4. Virulent hemolytic streptococci injected into the skin of normal rabbits in some instances entered the blood stream in considerable number, and occasionally caused death with bacteremia. Streptococci were recovered more frequently from the spleen and were present in this organ only when they had been recovered from the deep (iliac) lymph nodes. 5. When virulent hemolytic streptococci were injected into the skin of immunized rabbits, in a few instances they increased in number for a short time, but usually diminished rapidly and had entirely disappeared in 48 hours. The gross lesions were smaller than in normal rabbits. There was more phagocytosis, and redness and edema had disappeared after 48 hours. 6. When virulent streptococci were injected into the skin of immune rabbits they passed to the regional lymph nodes in relatively smaller numbers than in the previously normal controls and appeared in these nodes in considerable numbers only in animals in which there had been conspicuous multiplication at the site of inoculation. No streptococci could be found in the iliac lymph node, blood or spleen. 7. Virulent streptococci injected into the skin of normal animals multiply actively, resist phagocytosis, invade the tissues widely, enter adjacent and distant lymph nodes and in some instances are distributed by the blood stream to internal organs. After immunization associated with some sensitization, virulent streptococci are more readily ingested by phagocytes, remain sharply localized, are rapidly destroyed, fail to pass the nearest lymph nodes and do not enter the blood stream.
Catalytic Oligodeoxynucleotides Define a Key Regulatory Role for Early Growth Response Factor-1 in the Porcine Model of Coronary In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Harry C. Lowe, Roger G. Fahmy, Mary M. Kavurma, Andrew Baker, Colin N. Chesterman, Levon M. Khachigian
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1) controls the expression of a growing number of genes involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis. Egr-1 is activated by diverse proatherogenic stimuli. As such, this transcription factor represents a key molecular target in efforts to control vascular lesion formation in humans. In this study, we have generated DNAzymes targeting specific sequences in human EGR-1 mRNA. These molecules cleave in vitro transcribed EGR-1 mRNA efficiently at preselected sites, inhibit EGR-1 protein expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells, block serum-inducible cell proliferation, and abrogate cellular regrowth after mechanical injury in vitro. These DNAzymes also selectively inhibit EGR-1 expression and proliferation of porcine arterial smooth muscle cells and reduce intimal thickening after stenting pig coronary arteries in vivo. These findings demonstrate that endoluminally delivered DNAzymes targeting EGR-1 may serve as inhibitors of in-stent restenosis.