tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3166: Inspecting the presence of sialic acid α-2-3- galactose/GalNAC terminal sugar in human stomach adenocarcinoma by lectin histochemistry
Authors: Minoo Gohari
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Glycosilation is the most frequent chemical change related to tumorogenesis which plays an important role in metastatic behavior of tumoral cells. Results of research have shown that changes in terminal sugar of glycoconjugates appear in the process of cancerization. Lectins are specific glycoproteins existing in plant and animal cells which specially attach to terminal sugar of glycoconjugates. This property of lectins make them significant markers in studies relating to histochemistry, biochemistry, recognition and differentiation of cancerous cells. The aim of this study is inspecting the presence of sialic acid α-2-3- galactose/GalNAC terminal sugar in different degrees of differentiation in human stomach adenocarcinoma by using MAA lectin in order to compare the amount of presenting this molecule in different stages and its relation with tumor progression and also for finding useful diagnostic and therapeutic method. Methods: Tissue samples of 40 stomach adenocarcinoma with different differentiation (well, moderately, poorly and undifferentiated) accompanying with normal tissues were selected from Pathology Department of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran and after studing H&amp;E samples for assuring previous diagnosis, 5micrometer sections were prepared and were stained with MAA/Alcian blue pH 2.5 and then were considered microscopic inspection. Results: Microscopic study of samples showed no reaction in different degrees of stomach adenocarcinoma that indicates no presentence of sialic acid α-2-3- galactose/GalNAC terminal sugar, and the only positive reaction was between red blood cells of tissue vessels and MAA lectin. Conclusion: sialic acid α-2-3- galactose/GalNAC terminal sugar is not probably present in adult stomach tissue and is not produced in the changes that result from cancerization of cells, so it probably doesn't have an important and fundamental role in cellular interactions and in making special behaviors that result from neoplasic changes in gastric gland cells. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3166.
Protection against the lethal effects of pentobarbital in mice by a benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist, 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-3-carbomethoxy-beta-carboline.
Authors: H Havoundjian, G F Reed, S M Paul, P Skolnick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-3-carbomethoxy-beta-carboline (DMCM) (1.5-15 mg/kg) was administered to mice 5 min after a lethal (LD94) injection of pentobarbital. DMCM (1.5-5 mg/kg) increased short-term (1 h) survival in a dose-dependent fashion, with an optimum survival rate more than five times greater than mice receiving pentobarbital alone. Statistically significant increases in long-term (24 h) survival were also observed after both 5 and 10 mg/kg of DMCM (34 and 33%, respectively) compared with animals receiving pentobarbital alone (6%). Two doses of DMCM (5 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively) administered 55 min apart produced an even greater increase (58%) in 24-h survival rates. Doses of DMCM that increased 1- and 24-h survival were not lethal when administered alone, and were below the dose that produced convulsions in 50% (CD50) of the animals. The protective effects of DMCM were blocked by pretreatment with the benzodiazepine receptor agonist ethyl-8-fluoro-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-6-oxo- 4H-imidazo[1,5a][1,4]benzodiazodiazepine-3-carboxylate (Ro 15-1788), which suggests the effects of DMCM are mediated through the benzodiazepine receptor. These findings suggest that DMCM or another benzodiazepine receptor ligand with full inverse agonist qualities could prove effective as an antidote for barbiturate intoxication in man.
Natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A longitudinal study of repeat liver biopsies
Authors: Eduardo Fassio, Estela �lvarez, Nora Dom�nguez, Graciela Landeira, Cristina Longo
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis may cause severe fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, but supporting evidence is based on indirect data. Few publications have examined the results of repeat liver biopsies to evaluate progression of fibrosis. The aims of this study were to assess rate of fibrosis progression in untreated patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and to identify associated variables. Among 106 patients, a second liver biopsy was proposed to those who had undergone their first liver biopsy at least 3 years before. None of them had been given pharmacological therapy. Liver biopsy samples were evaluated blindly. Variables were compared between patients with (group P) and without (group NP) fibrosis progression, using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test for numerical variables and a difference of two binomial proportions for categorical ones. Twenty-two patients (median age, 45 years; age range, 20-69 years; 13 women; diabetes in 8 patients, obesity in 10 patients) underwent a second liver biopsy 4.3 years (range, 3.0-14.3 years) after the first. Fibrosis progression was found in 7 patients in group P (31.8%), no progression was found in 15 patients in group NP. There were no differences between both groups regarding age, gender, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, ALT levels, AST-to-ALT ratio levels, albumin levels, prothrombin activity, steatosis, or inflammation. Obesity was significantly more prevalent in group P (86%) than in group NP (27%; P =.01). Basal body mass index was higher in group P (median, 33.2; range, 29.1-38.2) than in group NP (median, 29.0; range, 24.0-38.1; P =.024). Time between biopsies was not different between groups. In conclusion, progression of liver fibrosis was found in a third of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients 4.3 years after the first liver biopsy, and obesity and body mass index were the only associated factors with such progression.
Oral high-dose methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin treatments in adult chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Levent Altintop, Davut Albayrak
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Ten adult patient of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (CITP) used oral prednisone and were treated with seven doses of oral high-dose methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg). Nine of ten patients responded after HDMP treatment (plt > 150 x 10(9)/L). Two patients having 8 and 10 years of history achieved long-term remission after first HDMP treatment. One unresponsive and one responsive patients did not accept IVIG treatment as second therapy and lost the follow-up. The remaining six patients received IVIG (0.5 mg/kg for 5 days) as second therapy after 3 months. Platelet count increased above 150 x 10(9)/L in 4 patients and between 60-80 x 10(9)/L in 2 patients. The peak platelet counts of both therapy users were higher under HDMP than IVIG therapy (252 +/- 110.4 vs 174.2 +/- 83.7 x 10(9)/L), but the difference was not significant. Responses were transient and returned to pretreatment values at 14-30 days, excluding long-term remission of 2 (2/10) patients after HDMP treatment. No side effect was observed. Thus, oral HDMP appears a good initial therapy for continuous remission in a small ratio of patients and a good security for emergency situations and prior to surgery in adult CITP patients.
Multiple Pulmonary Artery Aneurysms
Authors: R. W. Charlton, L. A. Du Plessis
Journal: Thorax (1961)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Cancer treatments were variably disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite UK national guidelines recommending pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy to all people with unresectable pancreatic cancer, observational studies demonstrate under-prescribing. <h3>Aim</h3> To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prescribing of pancreatic enzyme replacement to people with unresectable pancreatic cancer. <h3>Methods</h3> With the approval of NHS England, we conducted a cohort study using 24 million health records through the OpenSAFELY-TPP research platform. We modelled the effect of COVID-19 with multivariable linear regression. <h3>Results</h3> We found no reduction in pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, since 2015, the rates of prescribing increased steadily over time by 1% every year. The national rates ranged from 41% in 2015 to 48% in 2022. There was substantial regional variation. The highest rates of 50% to 60% were in the West Midlands and the lowest (20% to 30%) were in London. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In contrast to many other treatments, prescribing of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy was not affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although overall rates increased over time, substantial under-prescribing existed at the end of this study (March 2022). At just under 50% in 2022, the rates were still below the recommended 100% standard. Prior work evaluating quality of care in this area relied on manual audits which come at increased cost and reduced frequency of updates. With the methodological advantage of OpenSAFELY, we established an automated audit which allows for regular updates.
WHO hopes Ebola incidence will decline after peaking in December
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The World Health Organization is aiming to ensure that the number of new cases of Ebola disease does not rise to more than 10 000 cases a week by the beginning of December and then starts to fall.

The goal is part of a new programme introduced by the United Nations Mission for Emergency Response, which aims that within 60 days from mid-October 70% of new infections will be isolated and 70% of burials will be safe. And within 90 days the goal is that the number of new infections will be decreasing in 80% of areas affected by Ebola disease.

WHO’s director general, Bruce Aylward, told a telephone press conference that as at 14 October there had been 8914 cases of Ebola disease, including 4447 deaths, but that the numbers would continue to rise over the next few months. 

He admitted that achieving the goal would be difficult but that in Monrovia, Liberia’s capital, health officials were close to achieving it. However, he added, “There are going to be big challenges in …
William Patrick Lambie
Authors: H. Lambie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

William Patrick Lambie (“Pat”) was born in Dover, Kent, shortly before his parents moved the family back home to Edinburgh, where he was schooled at the Holy Cross Academy. Later he read medicine at Edinburgh University and Sheffield University.

His first professional appointment was as a house officer at the Royal Infirmary Sheffield, followed by a post as senior house officer at the King Edward VII Orthopaedic Hospital in Sheffield, and then …
Interactive effect of the glutathione S-transferase null genotypes M1 and T1 and cigarette smoking on coronary artery disease risk and DNA damage
Authors: Serena Masetti, Nicoletta Botto, Samantha Manfredi, Maria Giovanna Colombo, Antonio Rizza, Aldo Clerico, Andrea Biagini, Maria Grazia Andreassi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
In vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Muscle Cell Regeneration by Transplanted EGFP-labeled Myoblasts
Authors: Xiaoyin Xu, Zhong Yang, Qiang Liu, Yaming Wang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

In vivo fluorescence imaging (FLI) enables monitoring fluorescent protein (FP)-labeled cells and proteins in living organisms noninvasively. Here, we examined whether this modality could reach a sufficient sensitivity to allow evaluation of the regeneration process of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-labeled muscle precursors (myoblasts). Using a basic FLI station, we were able to detect clear fluorescence signals generated by 40,000 labeled cells injected into a tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mouse. We observed that the signal declined to ~25% on the 48 hours of cell injection followed by a recovery starting at the second day and reached a peak of ~45% of the original signal by the 7th day, suggesting that the survived population underwent a limited run of proliferation before differentiation. To assess whether transplanted myoblasts could form satellite cells, we injured the transplanted muscles repeatedly with cardiotoxin. We observed a recovery of fluorescence signal following a disappearance of the signal after each cardiotoxin injection. Histology results showed donor-derived cells located underneath basal membrane and expressing Pax7, confirming that the regeneration observed by imaging was indeed mediated by donor-derived satellite cells. Our results show that FLI is a powerful tool that can extend our ability to unveil complicated biological processes such as stem cell-mediated regeneration. In vivo fluorescence imaging (FLI) enables monitoring fluorescent protein (FP)-labeled cells and proteins in living organisms noninvasively. Here, we examined whether this modality could reach a sufficient sensitivity to allow evaluation of the regeneration process of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-labeled muscle precursors (myoblasts). Using a basic FLI station, we were able to detect clear fluorescence signals generated by 40,000 labeled cells injected into a tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mouse. We observed that the signal declined to ~25% on the 48 hours of cell injection followed by a recovery starting at the second day and reached a peak of ~45% of the original signal by the 7th day, suggesting that the survived population underwent a limited run of proliferation before differentiation. To assess whether transplanted myoblasts could form satellite cells, we injured the transplanted muscles repeatedly with cardiotoxin. We observed a recovery of fluorescence signal following a disappearance of the signal after each cardiotoxin injection. Histology results showed donor-derived cells located underneath basal membrane and expressing Pax7, confirming that the regeneration observed by imaging was indeed mediated by donor-derived satellite cells. Our results show that FLI is a powerful tool that can extend our ability to unveil complicated biological processes such as stem cell-mediated regeneration.
Chemotherapeutic Properties of Phospho-Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, a New Class of Anticancer Compounds
Authors: Liqun Huang, Gerardo G. Mackenzie, Yu Sun, Nengtai Ouyang, Gang Xie, Kvetoslava Vrankova, Despina Komninou, Basil Rigas
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) exhibit antineoplastic properties, but conventional NSAIDs do not fully meet safety and efficacy criteria for use as anticancer agents. In this study, we evaluated the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 5 novel phospho-NSAIDs, each of which includes in addition to the NSAID moiety a diethylphosphate linked through a butane moiety. All 5 compounds inhibited the growth of human breast, colon, and pancreatic cancer cell lines with micromolar potency. In vivo investigations confirmed the antitumor activity of phospho-aspirin (PA) and phospho-sulindac (PS) in inhibiting tumor growth in established human xenograft models, in which cell proliferation was suppressed and apoptosis enhanced in the absence of detectable animal toxicity. Notably, all of the phospho-NSAIDs tested induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in cultured cells, with PA and PS inducing detectable levels of oxidative stress in vivo that were associated positively with apoptosis and negatively with proliferation. Potentially explaining these effects, all of the phospho-NSAIDs tested also inhibited the thioredoxin system and the redox sensitive transcription factor NF-κB. Taken together, our findings show the strong anticancer efficacy and promising safety of phospho-NSAIDs in preclinical models of breast, colon, and pancreatic cancer, suggesting further evaluation as anticancer agents.
Oxytocin release by infused prostaglandin.
Authors: K Hillier
Journal: BMJ (1972)

<h3>Background:</h3> Whether drug promotion helps or hinders appropriate prescribing by physicians is debated. This study examines the most heavily promoted drugs and the therapeutic value of those drugs to help determine whether doctors should be using promotional material to inform themselves about drugs. <h3>Methods:</h3> Lists were constructed of the 50 most heavily promoted drugs (amount of money spent on journal advertisements and visits by sales representatives) and the 50 top-selling drugs (by dollar value) for 2013, 2014 and 2015. Therapeutic gain was determined by examining ratings from the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board and the French drug bulletin Prescrire International and was categorized as major, moderate or little to none. For each of the 3 years, the number of drugs in the 3 therapeutic categories for drugs in both groups was compared. The amount and proportion of money spent on promotion for drugs in each of the 3 therapeutic categories for the 3 years was also determined. <h3>Results:</h3> Therapeutic ratings were available for 42 of 79 of the most heavily promoted drugs over the 3 years and for 40 of 61 of the top-selling drugs. Nearly all the money spent on promotion in each of the 3 years went to drugs with little to no therapeutic gain. The distribution of therapeutic gain for drugs in both groups was statistically significantly different only in 2013 (<i>p</i> = 0.04). <h3>Interpretation:</h3> Most of the money spent on promotion went to drugs that offer little to no therapeutic gain. This result calls into question whether doctors should read journal advertisements or see sales representatives to acquire information about important medical therapies.
Imaging methods used in aortic dissection
Authors: C M Francis, G R Sutherland, C M Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - In the second of their articles on chest radiographs in emergency radiology D W Hodgkinson and colleagues state that the diagnosis of aortic dissection depends ultimately on arteriography.1 This traditional view has become outdated with the introduction of quicker, less invasive methods that provide more detailed images. These include transoesophageal echocardiography. computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Arteriography is slow and invasive, carries considerable risk, and may be non-diagnostic.2 …
Scintillation Scanning of Lungs in Preoperative Assessment of Carcinoma of Bronchus
Authors: R. H. S. Walker, J. L. Provan
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Lung scans with the use of macroaggregated human serum albumin labelled with technetium-99m were carried out in 52 patients before thoracotomy.Forty-three patients had carcinoma of the bronchus. Tumours less than 2 cm. in diameter on the chest radiograph were not detected. Larger tumours showed defects in perfusion, ranging in size from the mass seen on the chest radiograph to almost absent perfusion of the entire lung. The extent of the defect in perfusion was closely related to involvement of the pulmonary vessels at the hilum by distortion, compression, or invasion by the tumour. Bronchial obstruction played a less important part in producing the defects.The larger the defect in perfusion the greater was the involvement of the hilar and mediastinal structures and the more extensive was the surgery required. When perfusion of the affected lung was less than one-third of the total the tumour was found to be unresectable.
Diagnostic tests for pneumonia in ventilated patients: prospective evaluation of diagnostic accuracy using histology as a diagnostic gold standard.
Authors: C H Marquette, M C Copin, F Wallet, R Neviere, F Saulnier, D Mathieu, A Durocher, P Ramon, A B Tonnel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The diagnostic accuracy of protected-specimen brush (PSB), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and endotracheal aspirates (EA) was prospectively evaluated in a series of 28 mechanically ventilated patients (MV patients) who died within 3 d of the bronchoscopic procedure, using postmortem lung examination as the gold standard for establishing the diagnosis of pneumonia. The entire fixed lungs were carefully dissected along the bronchovascular axes and each segment was cut into 5- to 10-mm thick sections, enabling gross examination of the lung parenchyma. Two tissue blocks were taken from each segment, including grossly abnormal areas whenever present. In several cases, two peripheral (subpleural) lung-tissue blocks were also taken from each lobe prior to systematic dissection of the lungs. Quantitative cultures (QC) and direct cytologic and microbiologic examination (DE) was performed on respiratory samples obtained within 72 h before death. Values of 10(3) cfu/ml of Ringer's solution, 10(4) cfu/ml of retrieved fluid, and 10(6) cfu/ml of respiratory secretions were used as cutoff points for quantitative PSB, BAL, and EA cultures, respectively. The main findings in this study were that: (1) Pneumonia was present in 67% of the patients. (2) Histologic lesions of pneumonia were mainly bilateral and predominated in the dependent lung segments. (3) Coexistence of a variety of noninfectious processes was a common finding in patients with pneumonia. (4) In several cases pneumonia was absent from peripheral lung samples while more central areas of the same segment displayed typical foci of pneumonia. (5) The sensitivity of quantitative cultures was 55%, 57%, and 47% for EA, PSB, and BAL, respectively, and the specificity was 85%, 88%, and 100%, respectively. Reducing the diagnostic threshold of EA to 10(5) cfu/ml of respiratory secretions instead of 10(6) cfu/ml resulted in a sensitivity of 63.1% and a specificity of 75% for EA. The sensitivity of direct examination (DE) was 50%, 47%, and 47%, respectively, and the specificity was 75%, 88%, and 87%. (6) The presence of intracellular organisms (ICO) in BAL had a 36.8% sensitivity and 100% specificity in establishing the diagnosis of pneumonia regardless of their percentage. (7) Although 15 patients (53%) were not on antibiotics or were off antibiotics for more than 48 h before testing, no relationship could be established between the patients' antibiotic status and the result of any diagnostic test. By using a recommended methodology for respiratory sampling techniques together with complete postmortem lung examination as a diagnostic "gold standard," this study provides a realistic insight into the diagnostic values of EA, PSB, and BAL in MV patients with suspected pneumonia.
What are the evolutionary causes of mental time travel?
Authors: Mathias Osvath, Peter Gärdenfors
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract We are not entirely satisfied with the evolutionary explanation provided by Suddendorf &amp; Corballis (S&amp;C) for why only humans should be capable of advanced mental time travel. General social factors do not suffice, given that other primates are also highly social. We discuss the evolutionary mechanisms that have generated mental time travel typical to humans, focusing on ecological factors.
Attendance at Divisional Meetings
Authors: A. Clements
Journal: BMJ (1964)

ICBALJSOHRNAL 1533 may be used perfectly satisfactorily together, if the Bosun's warning device is set to go off at 3 lb.per square in. (0.21 kg. per square cm.).We are at the present time arranging with the British Oxygen Company to raise the pressure on the " Bosun's " warning device, so that this combination will be perfectly safe.I would like to point out that the "Manley" is not unique in its property of causing back pressure.Other ventilators may also do this during normal operation, and I have found that the Vapor (Driger) vaporizer gives a similar back pressure at reasonably high flow rates (8 to 10 litres per minute).-I am, etc.,