tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THREAD WORMS IN THE APPENDIXREPORT OF TWO ADDITIONAL CASES
Authors: J. M. ALLEN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

A few months since I reported the finding of thread worms in the appendix of a young girl. I now wish to add two additional cases of this somewhat rare condition. <h3>Case 1.—</h3> Dec. 11, 1909, while operating on a boy aged 4 for a right inguinal hernia the appendix was found in the hernial sac, and was, of course, removed. On opening it there were found eleven thread worms. <h3>Case 2.—</h3> Jan. 15, 1910, a girl aged 14 was presented for operation by Dr. F. E. Farmer of this place. The patient gave a history of one sharp attack of appendicitis over a year ago, and several attacks of colicky pain at intervals since that time. The last attack occurred January 12, There was no rise in temperature nor increase in pulse rate but the[ill]e was great tenderness and pain in the region of the appendix. The appendix was
Transient hemorrhagic diathesis associated with an inhibitor of prothrombin with lupus anticoagulant in a 1½-year-old girl: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Margaret T. Lee, Michael A. Nardi, Grace Hu, Joan Hadzi-Nesic, Margaret Karpatkin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Acquired inhibitors of coagulation causing bleeding manifestations are rare in children, particularly without an associated underlying disorder such as autoimmune disease. We describe an otherwise healthy 1½-year-old girl who had extensive spontaneous bruising and prolonged bleeding from venipuncture sites. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were prolonged, with evidence of an immediate-acting inhibitor. Thrombin clotting time, fibrinogen, and platelets were normal. Biologic assay of factors II, V, VII, and X were all low, with increasing values at higher dilutions. However, by immunoassay and/or chromogenic assays, only factor II was reduced. An antibody which failed to neutralize prothrombin activity in vitro was detected against radiolabeled prothrombin. Coagulation studies normalized in parallel with clinical recovery and disappearance of the antibody. This case demonstrates acute hypoprothrombinemia-lupus anticoagulant syndrome as a rare presentation of bleeding diathesis in a healthy young child. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
567 USEFULNESS OF MICROFLUIDIC CARDS TO PREDICT RESISTANCE TO ANTICANCER CHEMOTHERAPY IN LIVER TUMOURS
Authors: E. Lozano, P. Martinez-Becerra, M.A. Serrano, M.R. Romero, N. Grañne, L. Trigueros-Motos, A. Del Rio, I. Monte, F.J. Casado, M. Molina-Arcas, L. Alvarez, L. Muñnoz-Bellvis, M. Pastor-Anglada, J.J.G. Marin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Anaemia of chronic disease in rheumatoid arthritis: effect of the blunted response to erythropoietin and of interleukin 1 production by marrow macrophages.
Authors: M A Smith, S M Knight, P J Maddison, J G Smith
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common and debilitating complication. The most common causes of this anaemia are iron deficiency and anaemia of chronic disease. Investigations have suggested that interleukin 1 (IL-1) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF), or both, from monocytes associated with chronic inflammation are responsible for the anaemia of chronic disease. On bone marrow examination anaemia of chronic disease is characterised by the diversion of iron from the erythropoietic compartment into marrow macrophages. This phenomenon is termed failure of iron utilisation. In this study, CFU-E (colony forming unit erythroid; late red cell precursors) and BFU-E (burst forming unit erythroid; early red cell precursors) stem cells were cultured from 10 normal marrow samples and 12 marrow samples from patients with RA with iron deficiency anaemia and 10 samples from patients with RA with failure of iron utilisation. All patients with RA were anaemic (haemoglobin less than 100 g/l), Potential accessory or inhibitory cells of erythropoiesis (CD4, CD8, or CD14 positive cells) were removed before culture. Control marrow samples were studied in a similar manner. Normal marrow samples yielded 377 (17) CFU-E and 133 (6) BFU-E (mean (SD)) colonies for each 2 x 10(5) light density cells plated. CD4 ablation caused reductions of 62 and 100% in CFU-E and BFU-E colonies respectively. CD14 removal resulted in considerable but lesser reductions of 46% for CFU-E and 25% for BFU-E. In both groups of patients with RA, CFU-E colony numbers were significantly lower than those seen in normal control subjects, 293 (17) for patients with iron deficiency anaemia and 242 (35) for patients with failure of iron utilisation. BFU-E colony numbers were 102 (13) and 108 (20) respectively. In patients with RA, CD4 removal caused a significantly greater loss of CFU-E colonies compared with normal control subjects. Cytolysis of CD14 positive cells caused a reduction in CFU-E colonies in the two RA groups which was similar to that seen in normal subjects. In conclusion, patients with RA seem to have fewer CFU-E progenitors but essentially normal numbers of BFU-E stem cells. Our data suggest a stimulatory role for marrow CD4 and CD14 cells in erythropoiesis in patients with RA. Monocytes-macrophages (CD14 positive) are known to be producers of IL-1 or TNF, or both, however, the predicted increase in the CFU-E colonies on removal of CD14 cells is not seen. Therefore, if IL-1 or TNF, or both, are responsible for the impairment of erythropoiesis in patients with RA, marrow macrophages are unlikely to be the source. Moreover, these results indicate the probability of erythropoietin resistance on the basis of diminished CFU-E colony formation in patients with RA.
Total and High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin and Resistin in Relation to the Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in Women
Authors: Christin Heidemann, Qi Sun, Rob M. van Dam, James B. Meigs, Cuilin Zhang, Shelley S. Tworoger, Christos S. Mantzoros, Frank B. Hu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Adiponectin and resistin are recently discovered adipokines that may provide a molecular link between adiposity and type 2 diabetes.To evaluate whether total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin and resistin are associated with future risk for type 2 diabetes, independent of obesity and other known diabetes risk factors.Prospective, nested, case-control study.United States.1038 initially healthy women of the Nurses' Health Study who developed type 2 diabetes after blood sampling (1989 to 1990) through 2002 and 1136 matched control participants.Plasma concentrations of total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin and resistin.In multivariate models including body mass index, higher total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels were associated with a substantially lower risk for type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles, 0.17 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.25] for total adiponectin and 0.10 [CI, 0.06 to 0.15] for high-molecular-weight adiponectin). A higher ratio of high-molecular-weight to total adiponectin was associated with a statistically significantly lower risk even after adjustment for total adiponectin (OR, 0.45 [CI, 0.31 to 0.65]). In the multivariate model without body mass index, higher resistin levels were associated with a higher risk for diabetes (OR, 1.68 [CI, 1.25 to 2.25]), but the association was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for body mass index (OR, 1.28 [CI, 0.93 to 1.76]).The findings apply mainly to white women and could be partly explained by residual confounding from imperfectly measured or unmeasured variables.Adiponectin is strongly and inversely associated with risk for diabetes, independent of body mass index, whereas resistin is not. The ratio of high-molecular-weight to total adiponectin is related to risk for diabetes independent of total adiponectin, suggesting an important role of the relative proportion of high-molecular-weight adiponectin in diabetes pathogenesis.
Abstract 509: Novel role of MeCP2 in response to EGFR targeted therapy
Authors: Susmita G. Ramanand, Aarif Ahsan, Xiaoping Ao, David M. Lubman, Dipankar Ray, Theodore S. Lawrence, Mukesh K. Nyati
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract One of the targets towards the development of new agents to combat cancer is the inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). A therapeutic antibody to EGFR, cetuximab, is seen to be effective in combination with cisplatin or radiation. However, only one out of four patients treated benefit from this therapy. It is therefore important to identify patients who can gain from this treatment. We hypothesize that through phosphoproteome analysis, we can identify alterations in novel signal transduction molecule(s) induced by cetuximab treatment in sensitive cell lines or TMA that will predict response to treatment. Phosphoproteomic changes upon cetuximab treatment in UMSCC-1 (cetuximab-responsive) and UMSCC-74B (cetuximab-non-responsive) cell lines using nonporous silica reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (NPS-RP-HPLC) were assessed. To confirm the results of phosphoproteomics data, three proteins that were seen to be affected in the sensitive cell line were investigated by immunoprecipitating total proteins followed by immunoblotting with phospho-specific antibodies. We found pharmacodynamic changes in 12 novel proteins upon cetuximab treatment in UMSCC-1 cell line. By Immunoblotting, we confirmed that these three proteins (methyl-CpG binding proteins) are indeed phosphorylated at serine, threonine and tyrosine sites. Cetuximab treatment in UMSCC-1, induced phosphorylation of NCoR1 and MeCP2 (which cause transcriptional repression) and decreased phosphorylation of MBD2 (which causes transcriptional activation), thus confirming the phosphoproteomic data. In contrast, the phosphoproteomics data in UMSCC-74B indicated either no effect or an opposing effect to that seen in the sensitive cells. These data suggest that we have a powerful strategy to identify novel phosphoproteins that are affected by EGFR inhibition and thus, novel biomarkers of response to cetuximab. These and additional biomarkers that we hope to discover will undergo rigorous in vitro and in vivo testing before employing them on TMA from xenografts. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 509.
Payment for Designated Areas
Authors: F. E. Webb, B. Barnett, E. R. Barnett, J. Bruce-Smith, D. G. Colville, W. Cunningham, R. J. Frame, N. G. Lambert, L. M. Lines, R. G. Mattar, E. Redfern, H. H. Robinson, M. J. Sill, A. D. Wardle, L. R. Williams, J. Witherow
Journal: BMJ (1971)
Genetics in Clinical Oncology
Authors: Theodore Kushnick
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This book had its origins in courses given at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, in 1980 and 1982. It is divided into two sections, with slightly more than half of the book devoted to the fundamental aspects of neoplasia and the inheritable factors that increase susceptibility to the disease. The latter part of the book concerns the applications of that basic knowledge to clinical aspects of oncology. The volume assumes that the reader has some degree of familiarity with basic genetic principles, oncology, cytogenetics, and the influence of environmental agents in the manifestation of certain neoplastic syndromes. The basic premise, to paraphrase Dr German, is that cancer cells are members of clones of somatic cells that have undergone one or several mutations. However, factors inherited from generation to generation influence the likelihood of such somatic mutations transforming into neoplasia. The varied elements that enter into the mechanism of cancer
Field staff: inspect, initiate enforcement, investigate
Authors: Kimberly Glasbrenner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The FDA's field organization consists of ten regional offices, 22 district offices, and approximately 125 resident inspection posts, staffed by 2,600 persons who are responsible for performing the agency's inspections, investigations, and analytical work, and for recommending enforcement actions. Regional offices are located in the country's larger cities, providing overall direction for field activities within their territories. According to William Schwemer, assistant associate commissioner for regulatory affairs, the directors of these offices have primary responsibility for coordinating a number of state/federal programs, such as assuring compliance with standards for milk shipment and interstate travel sanitation. The bulk of the day-to-day field work, however, takes place in the district offices. Each of these offices has three branches—administrative, investigative, and compliance, and each has laboratory support. (According to Schwemer, these laboratories have become more specialized in recent years and there are no longer single laboratories that can do all the necessary analytical
Maternally Derived Microduplications at 15q11-q13: Implication of Imprinted Genes in Psychotic Illness
Authors: Andrés Ingason, George Kirov, Ina Giegling, Thomas Hansen, Anthony R. Isles, Klaus D. Jakobsen, Kari T. Kristinsson, Louise le Roux, Omar Gustafsson, Nick Craddock, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Andrew McQuillin, Pierandrea Muglia, Sven Cichon, Marcella Rietschel, Roel A. Ophoff, Srdjan Djurovic, Ole A. Andreassen, Olli P.H. Pietiläinen, Leena Peltonen, Emma Dempster, David A. Collier, David St. Clair, Henrik B. Rasmussen, Birte Y. Glenthøj, Lambertus A. Kiemeney, Barbara Franke, Sarah Tosato, Chiara Bonetto, Evald Saemundsen, Stefán J. Hreidarsson, Markus M. Nöthen, Hugh Gurling, Michael C. O'Donovan, Michael J. Owen, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Hannes Petursson, Hreinn Stefansson, Dan Rujescu, Kari Stefansson, Thomas Werge
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

Objective: Rare copy number variants have been implicated in different neurodevelopmental disorders, with the same copy number variants often increasing risk of more than one of these phenotypes. In a discovery sample of 22 schizophrenia patients with an early onset of illness (10–15 years of age), the authors observed in one patient a maternally derived 15q11-q13 duplication overlapping the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region. This prompted investigation of the role of 15q11-q13 duplications in psychotic illness. Method: The authors scanned 7,582 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 41,370 comparison subjects without known psychiatric illness for copy number variants at 15q11-q13 and determined the parental origin of duplications using methylation-sensitive Southern hybridization analysis. Results: Duplications were found in four case patients and five comparison subjects. All four case patients had maternally derived duplications (0.05%), while only three of the five comparison duplications were maternally derived (0.007%), resulting in a significant excess of maternally derived duplications in case patients (odds ratio=7.3). This excess is compatible with earlier observations that risk for psychosis in people with Prader-Willi syndrome caused by maternal uniparental disomy is much higher than in those caused by deletion of the paternal chromosome. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the presence of two maternal copies of a fragment of chromosome 15q11.2-q13.1 that overlaps with the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region may be a rare risk factor for schizophrenia and other psychoses. Given that maternal duplications of this region are among the most consistent cytogenetic observations in autism, the findings provide further support for a shared genetic etiology between autism and psychosis.
Does sleep cause nocturnal asthma?
Authors: M R Hetzel, T J Clark
Journal: Thorax (1979)

The effects of sleep interruption and deprivation were studied in 21 patients with nocturnal asthma. Seven patients were awakened at 0200 on three consecutive night and exercised for 15 minutes. This produced no significant improvement in the overnight fall in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) compared with a control night of uninterrupted sleep. In a second study in five patients PEFR was measured at two-hourly intervals to estimate the time of onset of the nocturnal fall in PEFR. On three subsequent nights they were awakened and exercised one hour before this time. This also failed to prevent a fall in PEFR by 0600. Eleven patients, who had followed a similar protocol to the second study, were kept awake until after 0300 or later, and PEFR was observed hourly. Six of them (group A) sustained their usual fall in PEFR while awake, proving that sleep was not responsible for their nocturnal asthma. Five patients (group B) showed little fall in PEFR until they were allowed to sleep, when an appreciable fall was noted on waking at 0600. When sleep deprivation was repeated in two patients in group B, however, they sustained falls in PEFR while still awake. We conclude that the circadian rhythm in PEFR is often in phase with the timing of sleep but sleep does not cause nocturnal asthma. Disruption of sleep therefore has no apparent value in the treatment of nocturnal asthma.
Primers and protocols for standardized detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia using immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene rearrangements and TAL1 deletions as PCR targets Report of the BIOMED-1 CONCERTED ACTION: Investigation of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia
Authors: MJ Pongers-Willemse, T Seriu, F Stolz, E d’Aniello, P Gameiro, P Pisa, M Gonzalez, CR Bartram, ER Panzer-Grümayer, A Biondi, JF San Miguel, JJM van Dongen
Journal: Leukemia (1999)
The relationship between glucose and incident cardiovascular events. A metaregression analysis of published data from 20 studies of 95,783 individuals followed for 12.4 years.
Authors: M Coutinho, H C Gerstein, Y Wang, S Yusuf
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between nondiabetic glucose levels and cardio vascular risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Three independent searches using MEDLINE (1966-1996), followed by a manual search of the references from each retrieved article, were conducted by two physicians and one medical librarian. Data had to be reported in at least three quantiles or intervals so that the nature of the relationship between glucose and cardiovascular events (i.e., linear or nonlinear) could be explored, and to ensure that any incremental cardiovascular risk was consistent across quantiles or intervals. RESULTS: Analyzed studies comprised 95,783 people (94% male) who had 3,707 cardiovascular events over 12.4 years (1,193,231 person-years). Studies reporting fasting glucose levels (n = 6), 2-h glucose levels (n = 7), 1-h glucose levels (n = 5), and casual glucose levels (n = 4) were included. The glucose load used varied from 50 to 100 g. The highest glucose interval for most studies included glucose values in the diabetic range. The relationship between glucose levels and the risk of a cardiovascular event was modeled for each study and the beta-coefficients were combined. Compared with a glucose level of 4.2 mmol/l (75 mg/dl), a fasting and 2-h glucose level of 6.1 mmol/dl (110 mg/dl) and 7.8 mmol/l (140 mg/dl) was associated with a relative cardiovascular event risk of 1.33 (95% CI 1.06-1.67) and 1.58 (95% CI 1.19-2.10), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The progressive relationship between glucose levels and cardiovascular risk extends below the diabetic threshold.
Prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after hip surgery
Authors: J. Megerman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —In their recent article on venous thromboembolism after total hip surgery, Drs Imperiale and Speroff 1 present a sophisticated meta-analysis of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE) rates obtained with different prophylactic options. Unfortunately, their treatment of mechanical prophylaxis is naive. They seem to be unaware that intermittent pneumatic compression (using sleeves) and static elastic compression (using stockings) are separate modalities, with different mechanisms of prophylactic action and, thus, different efficacies in preventing deep venous thrombosis or PE when used individually or in combination. And while they do distinguish stockings from pharmacologic agents when these are used separately, they arbitrarily assign patients who used stockings in combination with drugs to the group that used drugs alone. Would the results described for the low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) group, for example, be as good if it hadn't included patients who used graded compression stockings?  The authors' failure to allow
The Association of Payer With Utilization of Cardiac Procedures in Massachusetts
Authors: Mark B. Wenneker
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To investigate the importance of the payer in the utilization of in-hospital cardiac procedures, we examined the care of 37 994 patients with Medicaid, private insurance, or no insurance who were admitted to Massachusetts hospitals in 1985 with circulatory disorders or chest pain. Using logistic regression to control for demographic, clinical, and hospital factors, we found that the odds that privately insured patients received angiography were 80% higher than uninsured patients; the odds were 40% higher for bypass grafting and 28% higher for angioplasty. Medicaid patients experienced odds similar to those of uninsured patients for receiving angiography and bypass, but had 48% lower odds of receiving angioplasty. In addition, the odds for Medicaid patients were lower than for privately insured patients for all three cardiac procedures. These findings suggest that insurance status is associated with the utilization of cardiac procedures. Future studies should determine the implications these findings have for appropriateness and outcome and whether interventions might improve care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1255-1260)
Clara cell 10‐kDa protein expression in chronic rhinosinusitis and its cytokine‐driven regulation in sinonasal mucosa
Authors: Z. Liu, X. Lu, X. H. Zhang, B. S. Bochner, X. B. Long, F. Zhang, H. Wang, Y. H. Cui
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Clara cell 10‐kDa protein (CC10) is a multifunction protein with anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects; hence we compared the CC10 expression between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients with and without nasal polyps (NPs), analyzed its association with disease severity and response to surgery, and explored its regulation via cytokines. Methods: The plasma and tissue CC10 levels were compared between controls and CRS patients with and without NPs by means of quantitative RT‐PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. Computed tomography (CT) scan and endoscopy findings and symptoms were scored. Nasal explant culture was used to explore the effect of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐4, INF‐γ, and IL‐10 on CC10 gene regulation. Results: Compared with controls, the CC10 expression in sinonasal mucosa was significantly inhibited in both CRS patients with and without NPs. There was a significant further decrease of CC10 expression in patients with NPs and asthma. No difference in CC10 plasma levels was found between controls and patients. CC10 levels inversely correlated with preoperative CT scores, and postoperative endoscopy and symptom scores. TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐4 inhibited, whereas INF‐γ and IL‐10 promoted CC10 production in nasal mucosa. A significantly faster decay of CC10 transcripts was seen after IL‐1β treatment. IL‐1β and IL‐10 induced thyroid transcription factor‐1 expression. INF‐γ increased, whereas IL‐4 inhibited hepatocyte nuclear factor‐3α expression. Conclusion: CC10 may take part in the pathogenesis of CRS and correlates with disease severity and response to surgery. Different cytokines can regulate CC10 expression in nasal mucosa differentially through modulating mRNA stability and certain transcriptional factors expression.