tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Some Contributions to the Pharmacology of Synthetic Angiotensin
Authors: F. GROSS, K. D. BOCK
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The examination of synthetic valyl-5-angiotensin II-amide in the conscious dog revealed the following: 1. Both the arterial and the central venous pressure responses exhibit tachyplylaxis when high doses of angiotensin II are administered, althoug not when medium or low doses are given. Cross-tachyphylaxis can be demonstrated between renin and angiotensin II but not between either of these and norepinephrine. These results suggest that tachyphylaxis to renin is due to tachyphylaxis to angiotensin. 2. Angiotensin II and norepinephrine provoke a dose-dependent increase in central venous pressure. The threshold dose is about 10 times higher than that necessary for the effect on arterial pressure. In doses eliciting the same increase of arterial blood pressure, norepinephrine is about twice as active on the venous pressure as angiotensin II. 3. Anesthesia and atropinization both reduce or abolish the effect of angiotensin II as well as that of norepinephrine on the venous pressure, indicating the reflex nature of the underlying mechanism. 4. In endotoxin hypotension, the pressor response to angiotensin II and to norepinephrine is diminished, and the venous pressure response becomes gradually depressed until it is completely abolished. 5. During hemorrhagic hypotension, the response to angiotensin II may be retained or even enhanced and is less likely to have an adverse effect on the myocardium than norepinephrine.
Development of Urinary Bladder Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: MAX ELLENBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The diabetic neurogenic paralytic bladder is characterized by marked residual urine, secondary infection, pyelonephritis, sepsis, and azotemia. Initial manifestations were studied in diabetic patients with and without neuropathy and in nondiabetic controls, all without symptoms referable to the urinary tract. The nondiabetic controls and the diabetics without neuropathy were urologically normal. Eighty-three percent of the diabetic patients with neuropathy had objective evidence of neurogenic bladder involvement; however, there was no residual urine, infection, pyelonephritis, sepsis or azotemia. The disparity between early and late bladder involvement is determined by the factor of residual urine, which is the measure of advancing bladder neuropathy leading to decompensation. Progressive decompensation of the asymptomatic diabetic bladder may be a cause of the increased frequency of renal infection in diabetic patients.
CEA to Detect Recurrence of Colon Cancer
Authors: John Northover
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We have been following with interest the correspondence in response to the recently published article by Dr Moertel and associates<sup>1</sup>on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monitoring in the postoperative follow-up of patients treated for colorectal cancer. Moertel et al conclude that not only is such monitoring poorly carried out, but that it has little value in the early detection of resectable recurrence. Furthermore, the financial resources could be more appropriately diverted to research. We too have been concerned with the controversy surrounding the role of CEA monitoring in such patients, but felt that without a clear and reliable demonstration of efficacy, the only solution was to organize a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial. In 1982, we launched the CRC/NIH CEA Second-Look Trial, which was designed to give a definitive evaluation of CEA. Patients were recruited from the United Kingdom and Europe, and by February 1993, 1447 patients
Cameron pushes ahead with reforms but promises "substantive changes"
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK prime minister, David Cameron, stepped in again this week to restate his commitment to the reforms planned for the NHS in England when he declared that “no change is not an option.” He warned that without reform the NHS will face a funding shortfall of £20bn (€23bn; $33bn) by 2015.

Speaking to staff at Ealing Hospital in west London on 16 May, Mr Cameron said that the NHS “needs to change to make it work better today, and it needs to change to avoid a crisis tomorrow.” But his speech did not provide any new insight into the details of how the NHS will benefit from the planned changes. It is at least the fourth time that the prime minister has spoken out in defence of the Health and Social Care Bill in the absence of the health minister, Andrew Lansley.

In a speech in which he confirmed his love of the NHS five times, Mr Cameron said that waste and inefficiency in the health service were a real problem. “This isn’t just about one-off cases we’ve all read about . . . like the £400 000 one health authority spent on a yacht. It’s the way the system can encourage overspending,” he said. Hospitals being bailed out if they failed to balance their books or being given extra funding because they fail to achieve outcomes were two examples. Too much top-down control was also stifling patients’ ability to choose, …
p130Cas, Crk-associated substrate plays essential roles in liver development by regulating sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestration
Authors: Tatsuya Tazaki, Takaaki Sasaki, Kenta Uto, Norimasa Yamasaki, Satoshi Tashiro, Ryuichi Sakai, Minoru Tanaka, Hideaki Oda, Zen-Ichiro Honda, Hiroaki Honda
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract p130Cas, Crk-associated substrate (Cas), is an adaptor/scaffold protein that plays a central role in actin cytoskeletal reorganization. We previously showed that mice in which Cas was deleted (Cas−/−) died in utero because of early cardiovascular maldevelopment. To further investigate the in vivo roles of Cas, we generated mice with a hypomorphic Cas allele lacking the exon 2–derived region (Cas Δ ex2 /Δ ex2 ), which encodes Src homology domain 3 (SH3) of Cas. Cas Δ ex2 /Δ ex2 mice again died as embryos, but they particularly showed progressive liver degeneration with hepatocyte apoptosis. Because Cas expression in the liver is preferentially detected in sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs), the observed hepatocyte apoptosis was most likely ascribable to impaired function of SECs. To address this possibility, we stably introduced a Cas mutant lacking the SH3 domain (Cas ΔSH3) into an SEC line (NP31). Intriguingly, the introduction of Cas ΔSH3 induced a loss of fenestrae, the characteristic cell-penetrating pores in SECs that serve as a critical route for supplying oxygen and nutrients to hepatocytes. The disappearance of fenestrae in Cas ΔSH3–expressing cells was associated with an attenuation of actin stress fiber formation, a marked reduction in tyrosine phosphorylation of Cas, and defective binding of Cas to CrkII. Conclusion: Cas plays pivotal roles in liver development through the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and formation of fenestrae in SECs.
Cytomegalovirus but not human T lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy associated virus detected by in situ hybridisation in retinal lesions in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Authors: P G Kennedy, D A Newsome, J Hess, O Narayan, D L Suresch, W R Green, R C Gallo, B F Polk
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Paraffin sections of retinal tissue from five patients who died from the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and retinopathy were examined by in situ hybridisation experiments with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) labelled with sulphur-35 of lentivirus, human T lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), and cytomegalovirus. HTLV-III/LAV ribonucleic acid (RNA) was not detected in any of the tissue sections. Cytomegalovirus RNA was identified, however, in three of the five patients. Retinopathy induced by cytomegalovirus may thus be one of the many syndromes potentiated by the immunosuppression caused by HTLV-III/LAV.
α<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin Deficiency — A Defect of Secretion
Authors: Milton M. Weiser, J. Thomas Lamont, W. Allan Walker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The association of a deficiency of serum α1-antitrypsin with some cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neonatal hepatitis, and juvenile and adult cirrhosis has been firmly established. Recently, an unusually high association with hepatocellular carcinoma has also been noted.1 alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency appears to be inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder; the normal circulatory protein is the product of at least 23 different codominant alleles. The characteristics of the defective α1-antitrypsin and the relation of α1-antitrypsin deficiency to the pathogenesis of liver and lung disease are not, as yet, understood.Although the precise physiologic functions . . .
Comparison Between Endoscopic Macroscopic Classification and F-18 FDG PET Findings in Gastric Mucosa–Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Yasumitsu Hirose, Hayato Kaida, Masatoshi Ishibashi, Jun Uozumi, Shunji Arikawa, Seiji Kurata, Naofumi Hayabuchi, Keita Nakahara, Koichi Ohshima
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare endoscopic macroscopic classification with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) uptake in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and to investigate the usefulness of F-18 FDG positron emission tomography (PET) for diagnosing gastric MALT lymphoma. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients with gastric MALT lymphoma who underwent F-18 FDG PET and gastrointestinal imaging modalities were included in this study. Sixteen healthy asymptomatic participants undergoing both F-18 FDG PET and endoscopy for cancer screening were in the control group. We investigated the difference of F-18 FDG uptake between the gastric MALT lymphoma and the control group and compared the uptake pattern in gastric MALT lymphoma with our macroscopic classification. Results: The endoscopic findings of 16 gastric MALT lymphoma patients were classified macroscopically as chronic gastritis–like tumors (n = 6), depressed tumors (n = 5), and protruding tumors (n = 5). Abnormal gastric F-18 FDG uptake was observed in 63% of tumors in the gastric MALT lymphoma group and 50% of cases in the control group. The median maximum standardized uptake values for gastric MALT lymphoma patients and control group were 4.0 and 2.6, respectively, the difference of which was statistically significant (P = 0.003). F-18 FDG uptake results were positive for all protruding tumors but only 50% for chronic gastritis–like tumors and 40% for depressed-type tumors. Conclusions: F-18 FDG PET may be a useful method for evaluating protrusion-type gastric MALT lymphoma. When strong focal or diffuse F-18 FDG uptake is detected in the stomach, endoscopic biopsy should be performed, even if the endoscopic finding is chronic gastritis.
DPP4 in Cardiometabolic Disease
Authors: Jixin Zhong, Andrei Maiseyeu, Stephen N. Davis, Sanjay Rajagopalan
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

The discovery of incretin-based medications represents a major therapeutic advance in the pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as these agents avoid hypoglycemia, weight gain, and simplify the management of T2DM. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26, DPP4) inhibitors are the most widely used incretin-based therapy for the treatment of T2DM globally. DPP4 inhibitors are modestly effective in reducing HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) (≈0.5%) and while these agents were synthesized with the understanding of the role that DPP4 plays in prolonging the half-life of incretins such as glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastric inhibitory peptide, it is now recognized that incretins are only one of many targets of DPP4. The widespread expression of DPP4 on blood vessels, myocardium, and myeloid cells and the nonenzymatic function of CD26 as a signaling and binding protein, across a wide range of species, suggest a teleological role in cardiovascular regulation and inflammation. Indeed, DPP4 is upregulated in proinflammatory states including obesity, T2DM, and atherosclerosis. Consistent with this maladaptive role, the effects of DPP4 inhibition seem to exert a protective role in cardiovascular disease at least in preclinical animal models. Although 2 large clinical trials suggest a neutral effect on cardiovascular end points, current limitations of performing trials in T2DM over a limited time horizon on top of maximal medical therapy must be acknowledged before rendering judgment on the cardiovascular efficacy of these agents. This review will critically review the science of DPP4 and the effects of DPP4 inhibitors on the cardiovascular system.
Either cholesterol or apolipoprotein levels can be used to determine risk for CVD; triglycerides are not useful
Authors: Matthew J. McQueen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source CitationThe Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease. JAMA. 2009;302:1993−2000. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19903920/AbstractClinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Endocrinology: Neurology:
PNEUMATIC DIFFERENTIATION IN THE TREATMENT OF ORGANIC DISEASE OF THE HEART.
Authors: CHARLES E. QUIMBY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

It is the purpose of this paper to present a physical demonstration of the value of pneumatic differentiation in the treatment of organic cardiac disease, and to adduce clinical evidence in proof of the accuracy of such demonstration. The propositions on which this treatment is based were definitely formulated before any clinical application was made. Such application was begun with absolute confidence as to the character of the results, but, it must be confessed, without the least suspicion of their extent. The clinical evidence presented is derived from nine years' use of the cabinet in the treatment of, essentially, all forms of organic cardio-vascular disease. The proposed physical demonstration requires: Consideration of the physics of the circulation and its relation to tissue nutrition as the basis of functional activity. Determination of the dynamic and nutritive disturbances involved in pathic conditions, and the possibilities of their modification. Presentation of the physics
The effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on urinary sodium excretion in the conscious dog.
Authors: M A Kirschenbaum, J H Stein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Studies were performed to determine the effect of decreased endogenous release of renal prostaglandins on urinary sodium excretion. Two structurally dissimilar inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis were employed, and studies were performed in conscious dogs allowed to recover from prior surgical instrumentation. Either meclofenamate (2 mg/kg) or the competitive prostaglandin inhibitor RO 20-5720 (1 mg/kg) was given to seven unanesthetized dogs undergoing a water diuresis. The administration of either prostaglandin inhibitor did not alter glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, urinary volume, or potassium excretion. Sodium excretion, however, increased from 32 to 130 mueq/min (P less than 0.02). Essentially, the entire increase in sodium excretion was due to an increase in urinary sodium concentration from 7.7 to 28.3 meq/liter (P less than 0.02). On a different day, the same animals were studied before and after administration of the diluent of the prostaglandin inhibitor. No change was noted in sodium excretion or any other parameter. Thus, these findings suggest that prostaglandin inhibition in the conscious dog is associated with a natriuresis without a change in urinary volume or potassium excretion during water diuresis. This may indicate that the natruiresis was due to diminished sodium reabsorption beyond the distal tubule.
Routine Male Circumcision Could Prevent Millions of HIV Infections in Africa
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Routine circumcision of all men in Africa could prevent 2 million new HIV infections and avert 300 000 deaths over the next 10 years according to an analysis published by an international team of researchers in July. The beneficial effects of this intervention would be even greater after 20 years with 3.7 million new infections prevented and 2.7 million deaths averted. The team analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial that found male circumcision reduced sexual transmission of HIV from women to men by 60% and data on the prevalence of circumcision and HIV infection in Africa to determine the potential impact of this intervention. They found that routine male circumcision can provide a reduction in HIV transmission that is equivalent to such interventions as a potential vaccine or increased condom use.  (excerpt)
Scientists See Promise and Challenges in Translating Genomics to the Clinic
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atypical FTA-ABS Test Fluorescence in Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: Stephen J. Kraus
Journal: JAMA (1970)

An unusual pattern of treponemal fluorescence was found when the flourescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test was performed on serum samples from four presumably nonsyphilitic patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Instead of the homogeneous fluorescence of the<i>Treponema pallidum</i>organisms seen with serum samples from patients with syphilis, a "beaded" fluorescence was observed. Since the intensity of the atypical fluorescence was comparable to that seen with serum samples from patients with syphilis, if the atypical nature of the fluorescence had not been noted, the test result may have been reported reactive. Such reactive test results could lead to an erroneous diagnosis of syphilis.
Intracellular compartmentation of metals in aquatic organisms: roles in mechanisms of cell injury.
Authors: B A Fowler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The intracellular compartmentation of essential and toxic metals is of intense scientific interest because of its potential for adding to our understanding of both normal homeostatic mechanisms for metals and of the mechanisms which underlie metal-induced cell injury. High-affinity metal-binding proteins, lysosomes, and precipitates such as inclusion bodies or concretions, play major roles in the regulation of divalent-metal cation bioavailability. The contribution of a given compartment toward metal homeostasis is dependent upon the level exposure, cell type, organ, species, and life cycle of the organism. Toxic metals may move between these compartments, but the rates and determinants of such exchanges have not been characterized. Available data clearly indicate that sequestration of toxic metals in these specialized compartments can produce profound disturbances in the subcellular handling of essential metals. Further studies of the mechanisms by which metals partition and/or transfer among these compartments are essential to understand and predict toxicity of this important class of toxic agents.
Launching Accountable Care Organizations — The Proposed Rule for the Medicare Shared Savings Program
Authors: Donald M. Berwick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A common criticism of U.S. health care is the fragmented nature of its payment and delivery systems. Because in many settings no single group of participants — physicians, hospitals, public or private payers, or employers — takes full responsibility for guiding the health of a patient or community, care is distributed across many sites, and integration among them may be deficient. Fragmentation leads to waste and duplication — and unnecessarily high costs.Section 3022 of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) establishes the Medicare Shared Savings Program for accountable care organizations (ACOs) as a potential solution.1 The creation of ACOs is . . .
IgM myeloma: Case report with immunophenotypic profile
Authors: Bijan Haghighi, Ronald Yanagihara, P. Joanne Cornbleet
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Immunoglobulin (Ig)M myeloma is a distinct subtype of multiple myeloma (MM) displaying clinical and pathologic features of both MM and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM). Although the immunophenotypic characteristics of classic MM and WM have been reported, the surface antigen expression of IgM myeloma has not been reported. We report a case of IgM myeloma and describe its immunophenotypic profile using flow cytometry. The cells showed a hybrid MM-WM phenotype, strongly expressing CD38 but lacking CD45 and DR, typical for plasma cells; however, pan-B cell antigens CD20 and FMC7 as well as weak monoclonal surface Ig also were positive, resembling B-cell lymphoproliferative malignancies. Discordant B-cell antigen expression was present, in that pan-B antigens CD19 and CD22 were absent. In addition, B-cell activation antigen CD23, early B-precursor antigen CD10, and pan-T antigen CD5 were not expressed. Although CD20 and weak surface Ig expression have been reported in MM, FMC7 positivity has not been seen. The data therefore suggest that IgM myeloma may have a unique phenotype with characteristics of both MM and WM. Am. J. Hematol. 59:302–308, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
M &amp; B 693 for Gonorrhoea
Authors: J. Sommerville
Journal: BMJ (1939)

Pregnanediol excretion was found in all cases having a secretory endometrium.On the basis of Venning and Browne's findings esti- mates were made as to the normality of ovarian function.The expenses of this investigation were partly defrayed by a grant (to A. M. H.) from the Moray Fund.
The Clinical Pharmacologist
Authors: Philip P. Gerbino
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  We read with interest Dr. Dykes' EDITORIAL (223:1497, 1973), emphasizing the obvious need for substantial numbers of clinical pharmacologists to participate in research, education, and drug evaluation. In practical terms, it seems doubtful that this need will be fulfilled in the near future. In addition, one of the real needs for clinical pharmacologists is at the health care delivery level.  In this era of therapeutic sophistication, information pertaining to mechanisms of drug action, drug interactions, and adverse drug reactions is not always readily available. Clinical pharmacists—trained professionals in the field of pharmacy and therapeutics—can provide this vitally important information to physicians and allied health professionals. Proper utilization of clinical pharmacists in hospital and ambulatory patient care settings can prove mutually beneficial to physician and patient and is potentially of great value. 1,2   Assuming that the supply of clinical pharmacologists will continue to be relatively scarce, we hope
Increased expression of toll-like receptor 4 enhances endotoxin-induced hepatic failure in partially hepatectomized mice
Authors: Tsukasa Takayashiki, Hiroyuki Yoshidome, Fumio Kimura, Masayuki Ohtsuka, Yoshiaki Shimizu, Atsushi Kato, Hiroshi Ito, Hiroaki Shimizu, Satoshi Ambiru, Akira Togawa, Masaru Miyazaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)