tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The reach and adoption of a coach-led exercise training programme in community football
Authors: Caroline F Finch, Kathy Diamantopoulou, Dara M Twomey, Tim L A Doyle, David G Lloyd, Warren Young, Bruce C Elliott
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

To determine the reach and adoption of a coach-led exercise training programme for lower limb injury prevention.Secondary analysis of data from a group-clustered randomised controlled trial.A periodised exercise training warm-up programme was delivered to players during training sessions over an 8-week preseason (weeks 1-8) and 18-week playing season.1564 community Australian football players.Reach, measured weekly, was the number of players who attended training sessions. Adoption was the number of attending players who completed the programme in full, partially or not at all. Reasons for partial or non-participation were recorded.In week 1, 599 players entered the programme; 55% attended 1 training session and 45% attended > 1 session. By week 12, 1540 players were recruited but training attendance (reach) decreased to <50%. When players attended training, the majority adopted the full programme-ranging from 96% (week 1) to above 80% until week 20. The most common reasons for low adoption were players being injured, too sore, being late for training or choosing their own warm-up.The training programme's reach was highest preseason and halved at the playing season's end. However, when players attended training sessions, their adoption was high and remained close to 70% by season end. For sports injury prevention programmes to be fully effective across a season, attention also needs to be given to (1) encouraging players to attend formal training sessions and (2) considering the possibility of some form of programme delivery outside of formal training.
Early Lactate-Guided Therapy in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Tim C. Jansen, Jasper van Bommel, F. Jeanette Schoonderbeek, Steven J. Sleeswijk Visser, Johan M. van der Klooster, Alex P. Lima, Sten P. Willemsen, Jan Bakker
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: It is unknown whether lactate monitoring aimed to decrease levels during initial treatment in critically ill patients improves outcome.Objectives: To assess the effect of lactate monitoring and resuscitation directed at decreasing lactate levels in intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted with a lactate level of greater than or equal to 3.0 mEq/L.Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to two groups. In the lactate group, treatment was guided by lactate levels with the objective to decrease lactate by 20% or more per 2 hours for the initial 8 hours of ICU stay. In the control group, the treatment team had no knowledge of lactate levels (except for the admission value) during this period. The primary outcome measure was hospital mortality.Measurements and Main Results: The lactate group received more fluids and vasodilators. However, there were no significant differences in lactate levels between the groups. In the intention-to-treat population (348 patients), hospital mortality in the control group was 43.5% (77/177) compared with 33.9% (58/171) in the lactate group (P = 0.067). When adjusted for predefined risk factors, hospital mortality was lower in the lactate group (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.87; P = 0.006). In the lactate group, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were lower between 9 and 72 hours, inotropes could be stopped earlier, and patients could be weaned from mechanical ventilation and discharged from the ICU earlier.Conclusions: In patients with hyperlactatemia on ICU admission, lactate-guided therapy significantly reduced hospital mortality when adjusting for predefined risk factors. As this was consistent with important secondary endpoints, this study suggests that initial lactate monitoring has clinical benefit.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00270673).
Detecting Concerted Demographic Response across Community Assemblages Using Hierarchical Approximate Bayesian Computation
Authors: Yvonne L. Chan, David Schanzenbach, Michael J. Hickerson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Methods that integrate population-level sampling from multiple taxa into a single community-level analysis are an essential addition to the comparative phylogeographic toolkit. Detecting how species within communities have demographically tracked each other in space and time is important for understanding the effects of future climate and landscape changes and the resulting acceleration of extinctions, biological invasions, and potential surges in adaptive evolution. Here, we present a statistical framework for such an analysis based on hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation (hABC) with the goal of detecting concerted demographic histories across an ecological assemblage. Our method combines population genetic data sets from multiple taxa into a single analysis to estimate: 1) the proportion of a community sample that demographically expanded in a temporally clustered pulse and 2) when the pulse occurred. To validate the accuracy and utility of this new approach, we use simulation cross-validation experiments and subsequently analyze an empirical data set of 32 avian populations from Australia that are hypothesized to have expanded from smaller refugia populations in the late Pleistocene. The method can accommodate data set heterogeneity such as variability in effective population size, mutation rates, and sample sizes across species and exploits the statistical strength from the simultaneous analysis of multiple species. This hABC framework used in a multitaxa demographic context can increase our understanding of the impact of historical climate change by determining what proportion of the community responded in concert or independently and can be used with a wide variety of comparative phylogeographic data sets as biota-wide DNA barcoding data sets accumulate.
NHS could save over 40m a year if women breast fed for longer
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The NHS could save more than £40m (€51m; $63m) every year if women in the United Kingdom breast fed their babies for longer, researchers have estimated. These savings do not depend on persuading more women to breast feed, they said, but rather on helping those who do so to extend the duration of breast feeding.

The study, published online in Archives of Disease in Childhood , said that the savings would …
Risperidone and Haloperidol in First-Episode Psychosis: A Long-Term Randomized Trial
Authors: Nina Schooler, Jonathan Rabinowitz, Michael Davidson, Robin Emsley, Philip D. Harvey, Lili Kopala, Patrick D. McGorry, Ilse Van Hove, Marielle Eerdekens, Wim Swyzen, Goedele De Smedt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

The first episode of psychotic illness is a key intervention point. The initial experience with medication can affect willingness to accept treatment. Further, relapse prevention is a treatment cornerstone during the first years of illness because active psychotic illness may affect lifetime outcomes. Thus, initial treatment of active symptoms and subsequent relapse prevention are central goals of pharmacotherapy. This study compared long-term effectiveness of risperidone versus haloperidol in first-episode psychosis patients.First-episode psychosis patients (N=555, mean age=25.4 years) participated in a double-blind, randomized, controlled flexible-dose trial that compared risperidone (mean modal dose=3.3 mg) and haloperidol (mean modal dose=2.9 mg). The median treatment length was 206 days (maximum=1,514).Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores and Clinical Global Impression ratings improved significantly relative to baseline, with no significant differences between groups. Three-quarters of the patients achieved initial clinical improvement, defined as >20% reduction in total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score. However, among those who achieved clinical improvement, 42% of the risperidone group experienced a relapse compared with 55% of the haloperidol group. The median time to relapse was 466 days for risperidone-treated subjects and 205 days for those given haloperidol. These differences were statistically significant based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Adverse effects distinguished the treatments: there were significantly more extrapyramidal signs and symptoms and adjunctive medication use in the haloperidol group and greater prolactin elevation in the risperidone group. There was less weight gain with haloperidol initially but no significant differences between groups at endpoint.Relatively low doses of antipsychotic drugs lead to significant symptom amelioration in the majority of first-episode psychosis patients. In the long term, risperidone prevents relapse in more patients and for a longer time and also induces less abnormal movements than haloperidol.
“Pomegranate” Spleen in Disseminated Tuberculosis
Authors: Alberto L. García-Basteiro, Mamudo R. Ismail, Carla Carrilho, Esperança Ussene, Paola Castillo, Dércio Jordão, Lucília Lovane, Cesaltina Lorenzoni, Miguel J. Martínez, Jaume Ordi, Clara Menéndez, Quique Bassat
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

A 33-year-old HIV-infected female patient who had died at Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique, after less than 24 hours of hospitalization, underwent a full postmortem examination to ascertain the cause of death. Antemortem chest radiography showed hyperinflated lungs, with scattered bilateral lesions compatible with a diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis (TB), which was (after postmortem examination) determined to be the final cause of death. The spleen was firm at touch, with multiple yellowish nodules randomly distributed throughout the surface of the spleen capsule. Gross examination of the spleen sections showed that the nodules and plaques massively infiltrated the spleen parenchyma, which showed a characteristic pomegranate aspect (Figures 1A and 1B). The histological sections confirmed the presence of caseous granulomas (Figure 1C). The presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in the spleen samples was confirmed by a specific in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (1) and by Xpert MTB/RIF assay. The main differential diagnosis of this rarely reported macroscopic finding would be splenic neoplasms, infarcts, abscesses, and granulomas of varying etiology; and, in endemic areas, melioidosis (2). Although scarce data exist in the literature, the frequency of the underlying disease causing this macroscopic finding varies significantly depending on the geographical area. Infectious diseases account for a significant proportion of these lesions in developing countries (3), whereas in Western countries the predominant causes are neoplasms, mainly malignant lymphomas or metastatic carcinomas (4). Knowledge of the macroscopic aspect of splenic TB, which at cross-section resembles the inside of a pomegranate, could guide pathologists to rule in disseminated TB diagnosis on the basis of gross pathology, especially in high-burden TB/HIV countries.
Government may give "range" of scenarios in pandemics rather than "worst case" predictions only
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The government may in future present a range of possible scenarios during pandemic situations and their likelihood of happening instead of focusing on worst case scenarios.

A change of approach is apparent in the newly published government response to the parliamentary science and technology select committee report on scientific advice and evidence in emergencies published in March.

In the original report from the committee, MPs said that although the government dealt with the swine flu pandemic of 2009-10 in a “fairly satisfactory way,” the way risks were communicated to the public was poor and the use of the concept of “reasonable worst case scenario” was potentially misleading because people thought it described something that was likely to happen and led to sensational media …
Antimicrobial Treatment of Infective Endocarditis due to Viridans Streptococci, Enterococci, and Staphylococci
Authors: Alan L. Bisno
Journal: JAMA (1989)

INFECTIVE endocarditis is a microbial infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. It most frequently involves the heart valves (native or prosthetic) but can occur on the mural endocardium or intravascular foreign bodies such as intracardiac patches and surgically constructed shunts used to repair congenital heart defects. A similar clinical illness, infective endarteritis, develops when there is infection of arteries, including arteriovenous shunts, patent ductus arteriosus, the great vessels, or aneurysms. Depending primarily on the virulence of the infecting microorganism, the clinical course of infective endocarditis may be prolonged and indolent or abrupt and fulminant. Clinical manifestations of infective endocarditis are variable but frequently include fever, cardiac murmurs, cardiac dysfunction, splenomegaly, petechiae, systemic emboli, anemia, and hematuria. Before the era of antibiotics, the disease was uniformly fatal. Organisms that commonly cause infective endocarditis are gram-positive cocci: viridans streptococci, enterococci,<i>Streptococcus bovis</i>, and staphylococci. Together, these organisms account for the
Aortic aneurysms in Loeys-Dietz syndrome — a tale of two pathways?
Authors: Frank Davis, Debra L. Rateri, Alan Daugherty
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a connective tissue disorder that is characterized by skeletal abnormalities, craniofacial malformations, and a high predisposition for aortic aneurysm. In this issue of the JCI, Gallo et al. developed transgenic mouse strains harboring missense mutations in the genes encoding type I or II TGF-β receptors. These mice exhibited several LDS-associated phenotypes. Despite being functionally defective, the mutated receptors enhanced TGF-β signaling in vivo, inferred by detection of increased levels of phosphorylated Smad2. Aortic aneurysms in these LDS mice were ablated by treatment with the Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist losartan. The results from this study will foster further interest into the potential therapeutic implications of AT1 receptor antagonists.
Refractive and Corneal Aberrometric Changes after Intracorneal Ring Implantation in Corneas with Pellucid Marginal Degeneration
Authors: David P. Piñero, Jorge L. Alio, Hector Morbelli, Antonio Uceda-Montanes, Bassam El Kady, Efekan Coskunseven, Inmaculada Pascual
Journal: Ophthalmology (2009)
The Metabolic Syndrome Defined by Factor Analysis and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a Chinese Population With High Postprandial Glucose
Authors: Jian-jun Wang, Qing Qiao, Maija E. Miettinen, Jani Lappalainen, Gang Hu, Jaakko Tuomilehto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to examine how the major components of the metabolic syndrome relate to each other and to the development of diabetes using factor analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The screening survey for type 2 diabetes was conducted in 1994, and a follow-up study of nondiabetic individuals at baseline was carried out in 1999 in the Beijing area. Among 934 nondiabetic and 305 diabetic subjects at baseline, factor analysis was performed using the principle components analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation of continuously distributed variables considered to represent the components of the metabolic syndrome. Fasting insulin was used as a marker for insulin resistance. Of the 559 subjects without diabetes at baseline, 129 developed diabetes during the 5-year follow-up. Factors identified at baseline were used as independent variables in univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to determine risk factor clusters predicting the development of diabetes. RESULTS—Four factors were identified in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects. Fasting insulin levels, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio were associated with one factor. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were associated with the second factor. Two-hour postload plasma glucose (2-h PG) and serum insulin and fasting plasma glucose were associated with the third factor. Serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were associated with the fourth factor. The first and the third factors predicted the development of diabetes. In diabetic patients at baseline, the combination of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was the most important factor, and urinary albumin excretion rate clustered with fasting and 2-h PG levels. CONCLUSIONS—Insulin resistance alone does not underlie all features of the metabolic syndrome. Different physiological processes associated with various components of the metabolic syndrome contain unique information about diabetes risk. Microalbunuria is more likely to be a complication of type 2 diabetes or hypertension than a marker for the metabolic syndrome.
Doxorubicin conjugated NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ nanoparticles for therapy and sensing of drug delivery by luminescence resonance energy transfer
Authors: Yunlu Dai, Dongmei Yang, Ping'an Ma, Xiaojiao Kang, Xiao Zhang, Chunxia Li, Zhiyao Hou, Ziyong Cheng, Jun Lin
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 is affected in T-cells from tuberculosisTB patients
Authors: M. Jacobsen, D. Repsilber, K. Kleinsteuber, A. Gutschmidt, S. Schommer-Leitner, G. Black, G. Walzl, S.H.E. Kaufmann
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2010)
Octreotide and Loss of Scalp Hair
Authors: Anders Jönsson, Per Manhem
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 December 1991Octreotide and Loss of Scalp HairAnders Jönsson, MD, Per Manhem, MDAnders Jönsson, MD, Per Manhem, MDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-11-913_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The use of the somatostatin analog octreotide is an established treatment in selected cases of acromegaly. Well-known side effects of octreotide are impaired glucose tolerance, development of gallstones, and diarrhea. We report diffuse loss of scalp hair as a possible new side effect, not previously described.We have treated nine patients with acromegaly (7 women, 2 men, 32 to 75 years of age). Seven patients had a poor response to previous external irradiation (46 to 50 Gy) with octreotide for 2 to 21 months. Three patients developed gallstones (ultrasound), one developed diabetes mellitus, and all had diarrhea... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Anders Jönsson, MD; Per Manhem, MDAffiliations: University of Lund Malmö, Sweden S-214 01 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEfficacy, safety and unmet needs of evolving medical treatments for carcinoid syndromeGrowth Hormone and the Human Hair FollicleDermatologic Adverse Effects of Anticancer Therapy IV: Endocrine, Biologic, Radiation and Other TherapiesEndocrine AgentsScalp hair loss after transsphenoidal adenomectomy in patients with acromegalyRandomized Clinical Trial of Long-Acting Somatostatin for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney and Liver DiseaseHair loss in three patients with acromegaly treated with octreotide 1 December 1991Volume 115, Issue 11 Page: 913-913 Keywords Acromegaly Diabetes mellitus Diarrhea Glucose intolerance Somatostatin Ultrasound imaging ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Bradykinin B <sub>1</sub> Receptor Expression Induced by Tissue Damage in the Rat Portal Vein
Authors: Rodrigo Medeiros, Daniela A. Cabrini, Juliano Ferreira, Elizabeth S. Fernandes, Marcelo A.S. Mori, João B. Pesquero, Michael Bader, Maria C.W. Avellar, Maria M. Campos, João B. Calixto
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

The bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R) is normally absent under physiological conditions, but is highly inducible during inflammatory conditions or following tissue damage. The present study attempted to determine some of the mechanisms underlying B1R upregulation following tissue injury in rat portal vein. Damage induced by tissue isolation and in vitro incubation caused a significant and time-dependent increase in des-Arg9-bradykinin (des-Arg9-BK) responsiveness that paralleled the B1R mRNA expression, as confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR. In vitro incubation of rat portal vein also induced the activation of some members of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, namely, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK, an effect accompanied by degradation of the inhibitory protein IkappaBalpha and translocation of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) to the nucleus. The blockade of p38 MAPK, JNK or NF-kappaB, but not ERK pathways with selective inhibitors, resulted in a significant reduction of the upregulated contractile response caused by the selective B1R agonist des-Arg9-BK, and largely prevented the induction of B1R mRNA expression in the rat portal vein. Together, these results demonstrate that in vitro tissue damage induces activation of several intracellular signaling pathways that have a key role in the control of B1R expression. B1R could exert a pivotal role in the development of the cardiovascular response associated with vascular damage.
Rapid differentiation between fluconazole sensitive and resistant species of candida directly from positive blood culture bottles by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr)
Authors: L. Metwally, P.V. Coyle, H.J. O'Neill, G. Hogg, S. Hedderwick, C.H. Webb, B. McCloskey, R.J. Hay, R. McMullan
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)
Cell Senescence in the Aging Kidney
Authors: Haichun Yang, Agnes B. Fogo
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Pedigree genetics and environment modulate the biological process of aging. The permanent and irreversible growth arrest of cell senescence is a central paradigm of aging. Various pathophysiologic pressures such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury can also induce senescence. Senescent cells secrete altered levels of growth factors, show increased susceptibility to apoptosis, and associate with delayed repair and regeneration in the aging kidney. Here we discuss new progress in understanding renal aging, focusing on mechanisms of cell senescence and possible interventions to modulate age-related organ damage.