tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer Toll-Free Hotlines Proliferate In the United States
Authors: J. A. Steele
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Cancer Toll-Free Hotlines Proliferate In the United States Get access Julie A. Steele Julie A. Steele Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 6, 21 March 1990, Pages 454–456, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.6.454 Published: 21 March 1990
Prevalence of arm movements in patients with coronary heart disease: case-control study
Authors: A. N Rennie
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To test the feasibility and effect of nurse run epilepsy clinics in primary care.Design: A randomised controlled trial of nurse run clinics versus "usual care."Setting: Six general practices in the South Thames region.Subjects: 251 patients aged over 15 years who were taking anti-epileptic drugs or had a diagnosis of epilepsy and an attack in the past two years who met specified inclusion criteria and had responded to a questionnaire.Main outcome measures: Questionnaire responses and recording of key variables extracted from the clinical records before and after the intervention.Results: 127 patients were randomised to a nurse run clinic, of whom 106 (83%) attended.The nurse wrote 28 letters to the general practitioners suggesting changes in epilepsy management.For this intervention group compared with the usual care group there was a highly significant improvement in the level of advice recorded as having been given on drug compliance, adverse drug effects, driving, alcohol intake, and self help groups.Conclusions: Nurse run clinics for patients with epilepsy were feasible and well attended.Such clinics can significantly improve the level of advice and drug management recorded.
Age, gender, and topography influence the clinical and dermoscopic appearance of lentigo maligna
Authors: Danica Tiodorovic-Zivkovic, Giuseppe Argenziano, Aimilios Lallas, Luc Thomas, Aleksandra Ignjatovic, Harold Rabinovitz, Elvira Moscarella, Caterina Longo, Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof, Iris Zalaudek
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
<i>FOXP3</i>Regulates Sensitivity of Cancer Cells to Irradiation by Transcriptional Repression of<i>BRCA1</i>
Authors: Weiquan Li, Hiroto Katoh, Lizhong Wang, Xiaochun Yu, Zhanwen Du, Xiaoli Yan, Pan Zheng, Yang Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

FOXP3 is an X-linked tumor suppressor gene and a master regulator in T regulatory cell function. This gene has been found to be mutated frequently in breast and prostate cancers and to inhibit tumor cell growth, but its functional significance in DNA repair has not been studied. We found that FOXP3 silencing stimulates homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair and also repair of γ-irradiation-induced DNA damage. Expression profiling and chromatin-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that FOXP3 regulated the BRCA1-mediated DNA repair program. Among 48 FOXP3-regulated DNA repair genes, BRCA1 and 12 others were direct targets of FOXP3 transcriptional control. Site-specific interaction of FOXP3 with the BRCA1 promoter repressed its transcription. Somatic FOXP3 mutants identified in breast cancer samples had reduced BRCA1 repressor activity, whereas FOXP3 silencing and knock-in of a prostate cancer-derived somatic FOXP3 mutant increased the radioresistance of cancer cells. Together our findings provide a missing link between FOXP3 function and DNA repair programs.
Boxing Should Be Banned in Civilized Countries
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The principal purpose of a boxing match is for one opponent to render the other injured, defenseless, incapacitated, unconscious. No caring person could have observed the events in professional prizefighting in the past few months and not have been revolted. No prudent physician could have watched the most recent debacle/mismatch on Nov 26, 1982, between Larry Holmes and Randall "Tex" Cobb and believe that the current boxing control system is functioning. The fact that this massacre came on the immediate heels of even more tragic fights serves to accentuate the uncontrolled situation. The American Medical Association recognized this problem some time ago, and its Council on Scientific Affairs commissioned a panel to study the problem and to make recommendations. The report, presented on page 254 in this issue, is the official AMA position. It is solid, balanced, and reasonable. It operates with the assumption that boxing cannot be stopped, so
Why Effectiveness of Robot-Mediated Neurorehabilitation Does Not Necessarily Influence Its Adoption
Authors: Giuseppe Turchetti, Nicola Vitiello, Leopoldo Trieste, Stefano Romiti, Elie Geisler, Silvestro Micera
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2014)

This paper discusses the reasons why evidence of clinical effectiveness is not enough to facilitate adequate adoption of robotic technologies for upper-limb neurorehabilitation. The paper also provides a short review of the state of the art technologies. In particular, the paper highlights the barriers to the adoption of these technologies by the markets in which they are, or should be, deployed. On the other hand, the paper explores how low rates of adoption may depend on communication biases between the producers of the technologies and potential adopters. Finally, it is shown that, although technology-efficacy issues are usually well-documented, barriers to adoption also originate from the lack of solid evidence of the economic implications of the new technologies.
Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in primary care is cost effective
Authors: A. McKnight, M. Cupples
Journal: BMJ (1996)

infection with M tuberculosis is greatest in childhood, so that the risk in children is greater than the 2% that they quote.Secondly, the likeli- hood that children with HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa will be exposed to tuberculosis before they die is considerable in view of the high incidence of tuberculosis in adults in fami- lies with HIV infection and the often over- crowded living conditions.Caution is necessary when drawing conclu- sions from a small and unrepresentative study sample.The estimated total number of deaths in children aged under 5 years in Abidjan in the eight months of Lucas and colleagues' study in 1992 was about 8060 (based on the assumption that the death rate in Abidjan was similar to that in the whole country; the population of Abidjan was two million and of Cote d'Ivoire 13.4 million; and the annual number of deaths of children aged under 5 years in Cote d'Ivoire was 81 000 (Unicef's estimate)).The study sample of 155 deaths therefore represented 1.9% of the 8060 deaths in this age group.An alternative explanation for the finding that only one of 78 children with HIV infection had tuberculosis is that children with HIV infection and tuberculosis may die at home and not be admitted to the mortuary.Several studies, including studies from Abidjan,3 Lusaka (Zambia)4 and Blantyre (Malawi),' have shown that tuberculosis is an important problem in children with HIV infection in sub-Saharan African.There is an urgent need to strengthen national programmes aimed at controlling tuberculosis and to promote collaboration between such programmes and programmes aimed at controlling HIV infection and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.
Abstract C5: Surface profiles of colorectal cancer cells and inflammatory lymphocytes correlate with blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios
Authors: Jerry Zhou, Larissa Belov, Stephen J. Clarke, Richard I. Christopherson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Half of the patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) relapse and succumb to systemic disease within 5 years. In most hospitals, multidisciplinary postoperative care focuses on identifying histo- and clinicopathological tumour characteristics. Adjuvant therapy based on these standardized staging systems has resulted in mixed success; as few as 10–20% of patients may benefit. The clinical course for individual patients remains unpredictable, with prognostic heterogeneity for patients with same-stage tumours. Single biomarkers have limited utility; patterns or profiles of biomarkers will be required to predict post-surgical disease progression and patient prognosis. Local inflammation may have a negative or positive effect upon cancer development; for example, neutrophils may mediate tumor angiogenesis. A high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the peripheral blood has been associated with poorer patient survival and response to chemotherapy (Chua et al., 2011). We have developed a new system for sub-classification of CRC based upon extensive surface profiles and these results have been correlated with the NLR. Methods: The DotScan CRC antibody microarray captures live cells on immobilized antibodies against 122 surface CD antigens. Fresh surgical CRC samples (69) with corresponding normal intestinal mucosa were disaggregated to produce viable single cell suspensions that were captured on microarrays. Binding dot patterns were recorded for subsets of cells labeled with fluorescent antibodies. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) labeled CRC cells; CD3 labeled tumour-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs). Differential white blood cell counts and NLRs were obtained for each patient from hematology reports. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant immunophenotypic differences between CRC and control mucosal cell populations. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of these data identified several patient sub-groups based on EpCAM (CRC cells) and CD3 (TILs) profiles. Differentially expressed CD antigens were recognized between groups of patients with low, medium or high NLRs. The DotScan CRC microarray may provide disease signatures for distinguishing patients with good and poor prognosis, and an alternative to current pathology CRC staging systems. Chua W, Charles KA, Baracos VE, Clarke SJ (2011) Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio predicts chemotherapy outcomes in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 104:1288–1295. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr C5.
Management of Breast Cancer: Limited Mastectomy
Authors: Lorne J. Brandes
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The debate between Drs. Crile and Anglem (230:95, 1974) should serve to point out the fact that breast cancer is essentially a systemic disease at the outset in a great number of women; thus, passionate argument about treatment of a local manifestation of a systemic disease would seem to make little sense. Of more importance is the question of whether prophylactic chemotherapy plus or minus hormonal or immunological manipulation in stage I and II disease will contribute in the long run to overall greater survival than will surgery (of any kind) alone.
The future of research into rotavirus vaccine
Authors: C. Weijer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The future of a potentially lifesaving vaccine for developing countries has been imperiled by its recent withdrawal from the United States market. In August 1998, tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine was licensed for routine vaccination in the United States on the basis of randomised controlled trials there and in Finland. The trials showed that the vaccine had an efficacy of 49-68% in preventing rotavirus diarrhoea overall and, importantly, 69-91% efficacy in preventing severe disease.1–4

In July 1999 the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported a clustering of cases of intussusception in the weeks after vaccination with tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine, representing an additional risk of 1 in 10 000 for this complication.5 On the basis of this finding they recommended “postponing administration of tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine to children,” and in October 1999 the manufacturer voluntarily withdrew the product from the United States market. This leaves researchers with a moral quandary: should randomised controlled trials of tetravalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine proceed in developing countries?

Firstly, it may be thought that other vaccines in development (for example, human-bovine rotavirus vaccine) …
Pediatric Window-Cord Strangulations in the United States, 1981-1995
Authors: Renae Rauchschwalbe
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To document the prevalence of pediatric asphyxial death from window-covering cords in the United States and identify associated risk factors. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective analysis of existing death certificate and incident files compiled by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. <h3>Setting.</h3> —United States, 1981 through 1995. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Children aged 1 month to 8 years suffering unintentional traumatic asphyxiation from a window-covering cord. <h3>Results.</h3> —A total of 183 fatal window-cord strangulations were reported for the years 1981 through 1995, representing a mortality rate of 0.14 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.18) per 100 000 persons (≤3 years old) per year in the United States. Ninety-three percent of victims were 3 years of age or younger. Pull cords on venetian-type horizontal window coverings accounted for 86% of documented injuries. Infant victims were more likely to become entangled while put down for a nap and toddlers were more likely to be suspended by the cord after falling or jumping from a height (<i>P</i>=.002). Window coverings remained anchored and did not undrape when substantial weight was suspended in the draw-cord loop. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Window-covering cords represent a substantial strangulation hazard compared with other potentially harmful household products that were modified based on voluntary standards to mitigate the risk of injury. Product design modifications and parental education will be necessary to avert this type of fatal home injury.
Abstract 3431: Functional characterization of ARID2 in melanoma and melanocytes
Authors: Flora Luo, Levi Garraway
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract In a recent exome sequencing study conducted by our laboratory, AT-rich interaction 2 (ARID2) was found to be mutated in 9% of melanoma samples. Of all the novel melanoma genes identified, ARID2 had the highest loss of function mutation burden—suggesting that ARID2 is likely inactivated in melanoma. Although it is well-established that ARID2 is a member of the ATP-dependent SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, the mechanisms by which ARID2 functions as a tumor suppressor remain unclear, and its role in melanoma is completely unknown. The goal of this project is to characterize the role of ARID2 in melanoma genesis. Our preliminary data indicates that ARID2-mutant melanoma cells express low levels of both ARID2 and MITF—the master regulator of melanocyte differentiation and a lineage oncogene. On the other hand, other SWI/SNF components appear necessary for survival of an ARID2-mutant cell line. Ongoing efforts in the laboratory include soft agar assays and mouse xenografts to determine whether knockout of ARID2 via CRISPR technology can transform immortalized primary melanocytes. We are also investigating the larger SWI/SNF dependency of these mutant cell lines. By studying ARID2 inactivation in melanoma, we ultimately seek to pinpoint targetable vulnerabilities of ARID2-mutant cells from many cancer types. Citation Format: Flora Luo, Levi Garraway. Functional characterization of ARID2 in melanoma and melanocytes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3431. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3431
HER2 and Response to Paclitaxel in Node-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Daniel F. Hayes, Ann D. Thor, Lynn G. Dressler, Donald Weaver, Susan Edgerton, David Cowan, Gloria Broadwater, Lori J. Goldstein, Silvana Martino, James N. Ingle, I. Craig Henderson, Larry Norton, Eric P. Winer, Clifford A. Hudis, Matthew J. Ellis, Donald A. Berry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The status of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) in breast-cancer cells predicts clinical outcomes in women who receive adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy. We hypothesized that HER2 positivity predicts a benefit from adjuvant doxorubicin doses above standard levels, from the addition of paclitaxel after adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, or from both.We randomly selected 1500 women from 3121 women with node-positive breast cancer who had been randomly assigned to receive doxorubicin (60, 75, or 90 mg per square meter of body-surface area) plus cyclophosphamide (600 mg per square meter) for four cycles, followed by four cycles of paclitaxel (175 mg per square meter) or observation. Tissue blocks from 1322 of these 1500 women were available. Immunohistochemical analyses of these tissue specimens for HER2 with the CB11 monoclonal antibody against HER2 or with a polyclonal-antibody assay kit and fluorescence in situ hybridization for HER2 amplification were performed.No interaction was observed between HER2 positivity and doxorubicin doses above 60 mg per square meter. HER2 positivity was, however, associated with a significant benefit from paclitaxel. The interaction between HER2 positivity and the addition of paclitaxel to the treatment was associated with a hazard ratio for recurrence of 0.59 (P=0.01). Patients with a HER2-positive breast cancer benefited from paclitaxel, regardless of estrogen-receptor status, but paclitaxel did not benefit patients with HER2-negative, estrogen-receptor-positive cancers.The expression or amplification, or both, of HER2 by a breast cancer is associated with a benefit from the addition of paclitaxel after adjuvant treatment with doxorubicin (<60 mg per square meter) plus cyclophosphamide in node-positive breast cancer, regardless of estrogen-receptor status. Patients with HER2-negative, estrogen-receptor-positive, node-positive breast cancer may gain little benefit from the administration of paclitaxel after adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide.
Aids and the lung. 6-- Management of respiratory failure in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Authors: R F Miller, D M Mitchell
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common life threatening infection in patients with AIDS and is responsible for up to 85% of all respiratory episodes.'The disease ranges in severity from a mild infection with a normal chest radiograph and an indolent course2 to respiratory failure requiring assisted ventila- tion, where the mortality may exceed 90O%.' Pneumocystis pneumonia is now likely to be diagnosed at an earlier stage than it was in the past because of increased awareness by both physicians and patients and also because of the increased sensitivity of the bronchoscopic and laboratory methods now available.Despite these diagnostic advances and increased aware- ness, the mortality ofpneumocystis pneumonia has not fallen.3Several recent studies have attempted to identify which patients with pneumocystis pneumonia are likely to have a poor outcome.45These studies have looked at several aspects, including patterns of symptoms and clinical findings, the degree of abnor- mality on the chest radiograph, measures of oxygenation and results of laboratory tests such as serum lactate dehydrogenase activity.The prognostic markers associated with a poor outcome are summarised in table 1.In essence, these studies show that patients with severe pneumocystis pneumonia do badly and that there is no reliable index of prediction that will permit clinicians to identify prospectively those patients who are likely to have a poor disease course.This article will discuss the management of HIV positive patients with pneumocystis pneumonia who deteriorate while having treatment and develop respiratory failure.
Unexplained fever in young children: how to manage severe bacterial infection
Authors: I. Brook
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Fever with no clear source of infection in children under 3 years old carries a small but important risk of sepsis and meningitis. This review describes the bacterial causes of such infection and the appropriate management in different age groups 

Fever in infants has been defined as a rectal temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) or higher. In older children, a rectal temperature of 38.4°C (101.1°F) or an oral temperature of 37.8°C (100°F) is generally considered abnormal.1 Most young children with fever and no focus of infection present with a self limiting viral illness that does not need any treatment and disappears without sequelae. Urinary tract infection is another important cause of fever in young children who are febrile with no focus of infection.2 However, a few children may eventually develop occult bacteraemia that may be associated with serious bacterial infection. Multiple studies have tried to identify children who seem well but have a serious infection and to evaluate the potential treatments. This review discusses the bacterial causes, essential diagnostic tests, clinical assessment, judicious use of antibiotics, and follow up in unexplained, difficult to diagnose bacterial infection causing fever in young children.

I gathered information by searching Medline, using personal archives, and reading relevant literature. The review and recommendations are based on observational studies and systematic reviews.

Many organisms can cause febrile occult infection in young children. Their distribution is seasonal and varies in different age groups. Substantial overlap exists, however (box 1).

The main bacterial causes of infection in children aged under 1 month are listed in box 1. Viral agents (mostly Herpes simplex and enteroviruses) can also cause life threatening febrile infection in this age group.3 Most infections in children over 3 months are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (in non-immunised children), Neisseria meningitidis, or Salmonella spp. Staphylococcus …
Thirteen years of culture-positive M. bovis-BCG infection in an IL-12Rβ1 deficient patient: Treatment and outcome
Authors: S ROSENZWEIG, J YANCOSKI, A BERNASCONI, S KRASOVEC, B MARCIANO, L CASIMIR, G BERBERIAN, N SIMBOLI, M ROUSSEAU, G CALLE
Journal: Journal of Infection (2005)
Early graft function and patient survival following cadaveric renal transplantation
Authors: Y. Mun Woo, Alan G. Jardine, Alan F. Clark, Mark S. Macgregor, Adrian W. Bowman, Stuart G. Macpherson, J. Douglas Briggs, Brian J.R. Junor, Margaret A. Mcmillan, R. Stuart C. Rodger
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Clara cell cultures from the mouse and their reaction to bronchiolar toxins.
Authors: R J Richards, V I Oreffo, R W Lewis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The major aim of this study was to determine if small numbers of freshly isolated mouse Clara cells could be used to rapidly screen the toxic effects of a number of diverse pulmonary toxins. A short-term (20 hr) culture of functionally competent (nitotetrazolium reductase positive) Clara cells was developed. In this culture the Clara cells were allowed to attach to an extracellular matrix in 96-well multiwell plates containing a culture medium of DCCM 1 and Ultroser G (0.4%). Pulmonary toxins (a total of 26 agents with concentrations ranging from 10(-7) M to 10(-3) M) were examined for their ability to reduce the attachment efficiency of functionally competent Clara cells and TD50 values (the amount of toxin required to reduce normal attachment efficiency by 50%) were calculated. With the possible exception of some halogenated hydrocarbons, the simple toxicity test in vitro correlated well with the known effects of the bronchiolar necrotic agents in vivo. For 13 compounds studied there was a direct correlation between TD50 values in vitro and LD50 values (mostly oral) in rodents in vivo, the correlation coefficient of the regression line being 0.783.