tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CD4+ T cell mediated intestinal immunity: chronic inflammation versus immune regulation
Authors: A M Westendorf
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Several studies have suggested that chronic inflammatory bowel disease may be a consequence of antigen specific recognition by appropriate T cells which expand and induce immunopathology. <b>Aims:</b> We wished to investigate whether autoreactive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells can initiate the disease on recognition of enterocyte specific antigens directly and if induction of mucosal tolerance occurs. <b>Methods:</b> Transgenic mice (VILLIN-HA) were generated that showed specific expression of haemagglutinin from influenza virus A exclusively in enterocytes of the intestinal epithelium. To investigate the impact of enterocyte specific haemagglutinin expression in an autoimmune environment, we mated VILLIN-HA mice with T cell receptor (TCR)-HA mice expressing an α/β-TCR, which recognises an MHC class II restricted epitope of haemagglutinin, and analysed the HA specific T cells for induction of autoimmunity or tolerance. <b>Results:</b> In VILLIN-HA×TCR-HA mice, incomplete central deletion of HA specific lymphocytes occurred. Peripheral HA specific lymphocytes showed an activated phenotype and increased infiltration into the intestinal mucosa, but not into other organs of double transgenic mice. Enterocyte specific lamina propria lymphocytes showed a dose dependent proliferative response on antigen stimulation whereas the proliferative capacity of intraepithelial lymphocytes was reduced. Mucosal lymphocytes from VILLIN-HA×TCR-HA mice secreted lower amounts of interferon γ and interleukin (IL)-2 but higher levels of tumour necrosis factor α, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and IL-6. Mucosal immune reactions were accompanied by broad changes in the gene expression profile with expression of proinflammatory genes, but strikingly also a remarkable set of genes discussed in the context of peripheral induction of regulatory T cells, including IL-10, Nrp-1, and Foxp3. <b>Conclusions:</b> Enterocyte specific antigen expression is sufficient to trigger a specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell response leading to mucosal infiltration. In our model, progression to overt clinical disease was counteracted most likely by induction of regulatory T cells.
Early Vertebrate Evolution of the TATA-Binding Protein, TBP
Authors: A. A. Bondareva
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

TBP functions in transcription initiation in all eukaryotes and in Archaebacteria. Although the 181–amino acid (aa) carboxyl (C-) terminal core of the protein is highly conserved, TBP proteins from different phyla exhibit diverse sequences in their amino (N-) terminal region. In mice, the TBP N-terminus plays a role in protecting the placenta from maternal rejection; however the presence of similar TBP N-termini in nontherian tetrapods suggests that this domain also has more primitive functions. To gain insights into the pretherian functions of the N-terminus, we investigated its phylogenetic distribution. TBP cDNAs were isolated from representative nontetrapod jawed vertebrates (zebrafish and shark), from more primitive jawless vertebrates (lamprey and hagfish), and from a prevertebrate cephalochordate (amphioxus). Results showed that the tetrapod N-terminus likely arose coincident with the earliest vertebrates. The primary structures of vertebrate N-termini indicates that, historically, this domain has undergone events involving intragenic duplication and modification of short oligopeptide-encoding DNA sequences, which might have provided a mechanism of de novo evolution of this polypeptide.
Dose-finding and pharmacokinetic study of an all-oral combination regimen of oral vinorelbine and capecitabine for patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: F. Nolè, C. Catania, G. Sanna, K. Imadalou, E. Munzone, L. Adamoli, B. Longerey, G. Blanchot, A. Goldhirsch
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)
Effect of BANS location on the prognosis of clinical stage I melanoma: new data and meta-analysis
Authors: M. A. WEINSTOCK, B. T. MORRIS, J. S. LEDERMAN, P. BLEICHER, T. B. FITZPATRICK, A. J. SOBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Effect of BANS location on the prognosis of clinical stage I melanoma: new data and meta‐analysis Get access M. A. WEINSTOCK, M. A. WEINSTOCK Department of Preventive Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Harvard Medical School and Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, U.S.A.Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, U.S.A. Dr Martin A. Weinstock, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Davis Park, Providence RI 02908, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. T. MORRIS, B. T. MORRIS Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. S. LEDERMAN, J. S. LEDERMAN Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. BLEICHER, P. BLEICHER Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. B. FITZPATRICK, T. B. FITZPATRICK Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, U.S.A.Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. J. SOBER A. J. SOBER Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, U.S.A.Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 5, 1 November 1988, Pages 559–565, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03465.x Published: 01 November 1988
Blood Viscosity and its Relationship to Iron Deficiency, Symptoms, and Exercise Capacity in Adults With Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Craig S. Broberg, Bridget E. Bax, Darlington O. Okonko, Michael W. Rampling, Stephanie Bayne, Carl Harries, Simon J. Davidson, Anselm Uebing, Arif Anis Khan, Swee Thein, J. Simon R. Gibbs, John Burman, Michael A. Gatzoulis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Being overweight increases susceptibility to indoor pollutants among urban children with asthma
Authors: Kim D. Lu, Patrick N. Breysse, Gregory B. Diette, Jean Curtin-Brosnan, Charles Aloe, D'Ann L. Williams, Roger D. Peng, Meredith C. McCormack, Elizabeth C. Matsui
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Antidiarrhoeal properties of a novel sigma ligand (JO 2871) on toxigenic diarrhoea in mice: mechanisms of action
Authors: V Theodorou
Journal: Gut (2002)

Sigma ligands display antisecretory activity against various secretagogues, suggesting antidiarrhoeal properties. In this study, we evaluated: (i) the antidiarrhoeal effect of JO 2871, a high affinity sigma ligand, in three models of toxigenic diarrhoea in mice; and (ii) the site and mechanism of action of this compound.Faeces were collected after toxin or vehicle administration in male DBA2 or NMRI mice. Diarrhoea was determined by cumulative stool weight (mg) over a 120 minute period. Diarrhoea was induced by intravenous administration of Salmonella enteriditis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or oral administration of Escherichia coli heat stable (E coli-sta) or Clostridium difficile toxins. Two sigma ligands, igmesine and JO 2871, were administered either orally or intravenously, 60 and 30 minutes before the toxins, respectively. JO 2871 was also given orally 30 minutes after E coli-sta. In addition, JO 2871 was administered intracerebroventricularly five minutes before LPS and E coli-sta. BMY 14802 (1000 microg/kg orally), a sigma receptor antagonist, or cyclosomatostatin (CSS 1 microg/kg intravenously), a somatostatin antagonist, were given five minutes prior to JO 2871 in LPS, E coli-sta, and C difficile toxin treated mice. Gastric emptying and intestinal transit were evaluated after oral JO 2871 and BMY 14802 and intravenous CSS.Stool weight measured 120 minutes after administration of the toxins was significantly increased. Oral JO 2871 and igmesine dose dependently inhibited toxigenic diarrhoea in all models. ED(50) values obtained using JO 2871 (1-20 microg/kg) were more than 40 times lower than those obtained with igmesine. Oral JO 2871 given after E coli-sta also inhibited diarrhoea in a dose dependent manner (ED(50) 50 microg/kg). Both sigma ligands were active by the intravenous route on LPS and E coli-sta induced stool weight increases. JO 2871 administered intracerebroventricularly failed to block this effect at any dose tested. Both BMY 14802 and CSS reversed the antidiarrhoeal effect of oral JO 2871. JO 2871, BMY 14802, and CSS did not affect transit parameters.JO 2871 exerts a potent oral antidiarrhoeal effect, acting peripherally through sigma sites and somatostatin release.
Autologous Bone-Marrow Mononuclear Cell Implantation Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Patients With Limb Ischemia
Authors: Yukihito Higashi, Masashi Kimura, Keiko Hara, Kensuke Noma, Daisuke Jitsuiki, Keigo Nakagawa, Tetsuya Oshima, Kazuaki Chayama, Taijiro Sueda, Chikara Goto, Hiroaki Matsubara, Toyoaki Murohara, Masao Yoshizumi
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Patients with limb ischemia were associated with endothelial dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether autologous bone-marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) implantation improves endothelial dysfunction in patients with limb ischemia.We evaluated the leg blood flow (LBF) response to acetylcholine (ACh), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an endothelium-independent vasodilator, before and after BM-MNC implantation in 7 patients with limb ischemia. LBF was measured with a mercury-filled Silastic strain-gauge plethysmograph. The number of BM-MNCs implanted into ischemic limbs was 1.6x10(9)+/-0.3x10(9). The number of CD34+ cells included in the implanted BM-MNCs was 3.8x10(7)+/-1.6x10(7). BM-MNC implantation improved the ankle-brachial pressure index (0.33+/-0.21 to 0.39+/-0.17, P=0.06), transcutaneous oxygen pressure (28.4+/-11.5 to 36.6+/-5.2 mm Hg, P=0.03), and pain-free walking time (0.8+/-0.6 to 2.9+/-2.2 minutes, P=0.02). After BM-MNC implantation, LBF response to ACh was enhanced (19.3+/-6.8 versus 29.6+/-7.1 mL/min per 100 mL; P=0.002). The vasodilatory effect of SNP was similar before and after BM-MNC implantation.These findings suggest that BM-MNC implantation augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with limb ischemia.
Investigation of White Matter Structure in Velocardiofacial Syndrome: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Authors: Naama Barnea-Goraly, Vinod Menon, Ben Krasnow, Alex Ko, Allan Reiss, Stephan Eliez
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Velocardiofacial syndrome, caused by a deletion on chromosome 22q11.2, is often accompanied by cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric impairments. Specifically, velocardiofacial syndrome has been proposed as a disease model for a genetically mediated subtype of schizophrenia. Velocardiofacial syndrome is also known to affect brain structure. The most prominent structural findings in velocardiofacial syndrome are reduced white matter volumes. However, the structure of white matter and extent of specific regional involvement in this syndrome have never been investigated. The current study used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate white matter structure in children and young adults with velocardiofacial syndrome.Nineteen participants with velocardiofacial syndrome and 19 age- and gender-matched comparison subjects underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans. Whole brain voxel-by-voxel analyses were conducted to investigate white matter fractional anisotropy differences between the groups.Relative to the comparison group, the velocardiofacial syndrome group had reduced white matter anisotropy in the frontal, parietal, and temporal regions as well as in tracts connecting the frontal and temporal lobes.This study demonstrates that alterations of white matter tract structure occur in velocardiofacial syndrome. Reduced white matter anisotropy was observed in individuals with velocardiofacial syndrome in areas previously implicated in the neurocognitive phenotype of velocardiofacial syndrome. The finding of aberrant parietal white matter tracts as well as aberrant frontotemporal connectivity in velocardiofacial syndrome and in previous schizophrenia studies may be associated with increased vulnerability for development of psychotic symptoms.
Therapeutic Potential of “Rexinoids” in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Takemi Tanaka, Luigi M. De Luca
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a combinatorial partner for one third of the 48 human nuclear receptor superfamily members and acts as a master coordinator of nuclear receptor signaling pathways involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation. Thus, ligand-dependent simultaneous activation of multiple pathways is an attractive strategy for molecular-targeted therapy of neoplastic disease. However, clinical trials in RXR-targeted molecular therapy with the RXR ligand (rexinoid) have yielded disappointing outcomes. In this review, we discuss a possible mechanism underlying the loss of sensitivity to rexinoid therapy.
Foxp3+ T Cells Induce Perforin-Dependent Dendritic Cell Death in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes
Authors: Alexandre Boissonnas, Alix Scholer-Dahirel, Virginie Simon-Blancal, Luigia Pace, Fabien Valet, Adrien Kissenpfennig, Tim Sparwasser, Bernard Malissen, Luc Fetler, Sebastian Amigorena
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Comparison of spirometric thresholds in diagnosing smoking-related airflow obstruction
Authors: Surya P Bhatt, Jessica C Sieren, Mark T Dransfield, George R Washko, John D Newell, Douglas S Stinson, Gideon K D Zamba, Eric A Hoffman
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is based on detection of airflow obstruction on spirometry. There is no consensus regarding using a fixed threshold to define airflow obstruction versus using the lower limit of normal (LLN) adjusted for age. We compared the accuracy and discrimination of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) recommended fixed ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity&lt;0.70 with LLN in diagnosing smoking-related airflow obstruction using CT-defined emphysema and gas trapping as the disease gold standard. <h3>Methods</h3> Data from a large multicentre study (COPDGene), which included current and former smokers (age range 45–80 years) with and without airflow obstruction, were analysed. Concordance between spirometric thresholds was measured. The accuracy of the thresholds in diagnosing emphysema and gas trapping was assessed using quantitative CT as gold standard. <h3>Results</h3> 7743 subjects were included. There was very good agreement between the two spirometric cutoffs (κ=0.85; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.86, p&lt;0.001). 7.3% were discordant. Subjects with airflow obstruction by fixed ratio only had a greater degree of emphysema (4.1% versus 1.2%, p&lt;0.001) and gas trapping (19.8% vs 7.5%, p&lt;0.001) than those positive by LLN only, and also smoking controls without airflow obstruction (4.1% vs 1.9% and 19.8% vs 10.9%, respectively, p&lt;0.001). On follow-up, the fixed ratio only group had more exacerbations than smoking controls. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Compared with the fixed ratio, the use of LLN fails to identify a number of patients with significant pulmonary pathology and respiratory morbidity.
Rectal mucosal prostaglandin E2 release and its relation to disease activity, electrical potential difference, and treatment in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: D S Rampton, G E Sladen, L J Youlten
Journal: Gut (1980)

In vivo rectal dialysis was used to study rectal mucosal release of immunoreactive prostaglandin E2-like material and its relation to disease activity, rectal electrical potential difference (PD), and treatment in 24 patients with ulcerative colitis. In untreated colitics in remission and in relapse, median values for apparent mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release were increased three-fold (P < 0.05) and 13-fold (P < 0.002) respectively over that found in control subjects. In patients in remission during treatment with sulphasalazine and/or corticosteroids, median apparent PGE2 release was similar to that of controls, but in colitics in relapse, despite treatment, it was greatly increased (P< 0.002). Ulcerative colitis in relapse was associated with a significant reduction in rectal PD(P < 0.002); in patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis, a smaller reduction was found (P < 0.05). In nine patients studied serially before and during treatment, there were associations between changes in disease activity assessed sigmoidoscopically, in PD and in apparent mucosal PGE2 release. Furthermore, rectal mucosal PGE2 release and PD were linearly correlated (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that mucosal PGE2 release is markedly enhanced in active ulcerative colitis, and they confirm the value of rectal PD as a guide to disease activity. In addition, they suggest that rectal dialysis may be a useful way of studying rectal prostaglandin metabolism in man.
Rupture of the axillary (circumflex) nerve and artery in a champion jockey: Figure 1
Authors: J Patel, M Turner, R Birch, P McCrory
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

Rupture of the circumflex artery and nerve, without fracture or dislocation, is a rare traumatic event. Such a case is reported in a champion flat jockey who sustained blunt trauma to the shoulder after a fall during a race; the literature is also reviewed. At urgent surgical exploration, the axillary artery and nerve were repaired. The patient subsequently successfully returned to professional riding. This case highlights the difficulties in diagnosis and management.
An unusual presentation of Wegener's granulomatosis mimicking thymoma
Authors: C.-R. Wang, J.-M. Chang, W.-L. Shen, W.-J. Lin, J. Y.-Y. Lee, M.-F. Liu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Pulmonary manifestations of Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) range from asymptomatic nodules, fleeting infiltrates to alveolar haemorrhage.1 A mediastinal mass was considered an unlikely feature of WG and its presence was regarded as an alternative diagnosis.2 We report on a patient with WG who presented with a mediastinal mass and an elevation of the left hemidiaphragm, initially thought to be thymoma. Thymectomy disclosed extensive inflammation composed of necrotising vasculitis and extravascular granuloma. To our knowledge, this unusual presentation of WG mimicking thymoma has not been reported previously.

A 34 year old man was referred to our hospital with a thymic tumour. The patient had had vague chest pain for 1 year and, 3 weeks before admission, the pain became aggravated. There was no past history of allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma. At hospital chest radiography showed a wide mediastinum with an elevation of the left diaphragm (fig 1A), and chest computed tomography (CT) disclosed …
CT PREDICTORS OF POST-PROCEDURAL AORTIC REGURGITATION IN PATIENTS REFERRED FOR TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION: A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 105 PATIENTS
Authors: Mohamed Marwan, Martin Arnold, Stefan Ensminger, Tobias Pflederer, Dieter Ropers, Josef Ludwig, michael weyand, Werner Daniel, Stephan Achenbach
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: evaluation of diagnostic criteria based on molecular data
Authors: S. Christen-Zäch, M. Huber, B. Struk, K. Lindpaintner, F. Munier, R.G. Panizzon, D. Hohl
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disorder due to mutations in the gene encoding the transmembrane transporter protein adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC)‐C6, resulting in calcification of elastic fibres in the skin, eyes and cardiovascular system. Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic criteria for PXE based on molecular data. Methods Of 10 families with a positive history of PXE 142 subjects were investigated for clinical symptoms, histological findings and genetic haplotype analysis. Results Of these, 25 subjects were haplotypic homozygous for PXE and 23 had typical clinical and histopathological manifestations. Two of the 25 patients showed such marked solar elastosis and macular degeneration that PXE could not be confirmed clinically. Sixty‐seven subjects were haplotypic heterozygous carriers and 50 were haplotypic homozygous unaffected. Of these 117 subjects, 116 showed no cutaneous or ophthalmological signs of PXE. In one of the 50 haplotypic homozygous unaffected patients important solar elastosis and scarring of the retina mimicked PXE lesions. Only four of the 67 haplotypic heterozygous carriers had biopsies of nonlesional skin; all were histopathologically normal. Conclusions In our patients, PXE presents as an autosomal recessive genodermatosis. Correlation of haplotype and phenotype confirmed actual major diagnostic criteria. In patients with marked solar elastosis and/or severe macular degeneration clinical diagnosis can be impossible and molecular testing is needed to confirm the presence of PXE. To the best of our knowledge our large study compares for the first time clinical findings with molecular data.
Cmrf-35-Like Molecule 1 (CLM-1) Is Required For IL-4-Induced Cellular Responses and Development Of Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Itay Moshkovits, Danielle Karo-Atar, Dana Shik, Alon Hershko, Ariel Munitz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Severe Ebola virus disease with vascular leakage and multiorgan failure: treatment of a patient in intensive care
Authors: Timo Wolf, Gerrit Kann, Stephan Becker, Christoph Stephan, Hans-Reinhardt Brodt, Philipp de Leuw, Thomas Grünewald, Thomas Vogl, Volkhard A J Kempf, Oliver T Keppler, Kai Zacharowski
Journal: The Lancet (2014)