tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Homeostatic and Tissue Reparation Defaults in Mice Carrying Selective Genetic Invalidation of CXCL12/Proteoglycan Interactions
Authors: Patricia Rueda, Adèle Richart, Alice Récalde, Pamela Gasse, José Vilar, Coralie Guérin, Hugues Lortat-Jacob, Paulo Vieira, Frano̧ise Baleux, Fabrice Chretien, Fernando Arenzana-Seisdedos, Jean-Sébastien Silvestre
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Interaction with heparan sulfate proteoglycans is supposed to provide chemokines with the capacity to immobilize on cell surface and extracellular matrix for accomplishing both tissue homing and signaling of attracted cells. However, the consequences of the exclusive invalidation of such interaction on the roles played by endogenous chemokines in vivo remain unascertained.We engineered a mouse carrying a Cxcl12 gene (Cxcl12(Gagtm)) mutation that precludes interactions with heparan sulfate structures while not affecting CXCR4-dependent cell signaling of CXCL12 isoforms (α, β, γ). Cxcl12(Gagtm/Gagtm) mice develop normally, express normal levels of total and isoform-specific Cxcl12 mRNA, and show increased counting of circulating CD34(+) hematopoietic precursor cells. After induced acute ischemia, a marked impaired capacity to support revascularization was observed in Cxcl12(Gagtm/Gagtm) animals associated with a reduced number of infiltrating cells in the ischemic tissue despite the massive expression of CXCL12 isoforms. Importantly, exogenous administration of CXCL12γ, which binds heparan sulfate with the highest affinity ever reported for a cytokine, fully restores vascular growth, whereas heparan sulfate-binding CXCL12γ mutants failed to promote revascularization in Cxcl12(Gagtm/Gagtm) animals.These findings prove the role played by heparan sulfate interactions in the functions of CXCL12 in both homeostasis and physiopathological settings and document for the first time the paradigm of chemokine immobilization in vivo.
Seminal fluid excretion of cytomegalovirus related to immunosuppression in homosexual men.
Authors: R J Biggar, H K Andersen, P Ebbesen, M Melbye, J J Goedert, D L Mann, D M Strong
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Seminal fluid samples from 84 Danish homosexual men were successfully cultured to determine the prevalence of cytomegalovirus excretion. Ten (15%) out of 66 men positive for the antibody were found to be excreting the virus. Although the proportion excreting was inversely related to age (p less than 0.01), three men aged over 30 and with many years of homosexual experience excreted the virus. In addition, a 50 year old man with Kaposi9s sarcoma excreted the virus. A further study of the ratio of T cell helpers to suppressors in the men aged over 30 and a series of age matched non-excreting homosexual control or heterosexual men showed that those excreting cytomegalovirus in their seminal fluid had statistically lower ratios (all less than 0.77) than the controls (p less than 0.05). Excretion of cytomegalovirus may be related to re-emergence of latent infection in immunosuppressed homosexual men.
β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Pneumonia Following Influenza
Authors: Glenn J. Gerber
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE CLINICAL and pathologic features of β-hemolytic streptococcal pneumonia have been clearly delineated. In the preantibiotic era, 5% of pneumonia cases were caused by β-hemolytic streptococci, with a mortality up to 54%.<sup>1</sup>Although this type of pneumonia is rarely seen by physicians today, morbidity is higher and resulting empyema is more common than with staphylococcal or pneumococcal pneumonia.<sup>1,2</sup>It does not always follow a streptococcal sore throat, but may involve the lungs directly.<sup>3</sup>We recently observed an adult in whom β-hemolytic streptococcal pneumonia developed following influenza type B. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 57-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital in February 1977 with an upper respiratory tract infection. On the day of admission, the patient collapsed in her physician's office. Three days prior to admission, the patient had a temperature of 40 °C and a cough productive of yellow, blood-tinged sputum. Several other family members had
A life more ordinary
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

I have met a few celebrities—musicians and actors with extraordinary talent—and was always struck by just how ordinary they seemed. How did they become so talented? Through hard work and luck, you might think, but it seems that most “could just do it.”

Medicine is like that. There is some hard work and luck, but like most doctors I was born wearing spectacles, never needing any tutors or additional lessons. I could just do it. However, I have failings: remembering people’s names, finding …
Field studies of human stress in Polar Regions.
Authors: H. W. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Doell, R. G., and Kretchmer, N. (1962). Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.), 62, 353. Dunphy, J. V., Littman, A., Hammond, J. B., Forstner, G., Dahlqvist, A., and Crane, R. K. (1965). Gastroenterology, 49, 12. Fischer, J. E. (1957). Amer. J. Physiol., 188, 49. Haemmerli, U. P., Kistler, H., Ammann, R., Marthaler, T., Semenza, G., Auricchio, S., and Prader, A. (1965). Amer. J. Med., 38, 7. Heilskov, N. S. C. (1951). Acta physiol. scand., 24, 84. Herzenberg, L. A., and Herzenberg, L. A. (1959). Nutr. Rev., 17, 65. Holdsworth, C. D., and Dawson, A. M. (1965). Gut, 6, 387. Holzel, A., Schwarz, V., and Sutcliffe, K. W. (1959). Lancet, 1, 1126. Jeejeebhoy, K. N., Desai, H. G., and Verghese, R. V. (1964). Ibid., 2, 666. Launiala, K., Kuitunen, P., and Visakorpi, J. K. (1966). Acta p diat. (Uppsala), 55, 257. McMichael, H. B., Webb, J., and Dawson, A. M. (1965). Lancet, 1, 717. -(1966). But. med. J., 2, 1037. Marks, V. (1959). Clin. chim. Acta, 4, 395. Newcomer, A. D., and McGill, D. B. (1966). Gastroenterology, 50, 340. Peternel, W. W. (1965). Ibid., 48, 299. Plimmer, R. H. A. (1906). 7. Physiol. (Lond.), 35, 20. Plotkin, G. R., and Isselbacher, K. J. (1964). New Engl. J. Med., 271, 1033. Rosensweig, N. S., and Bayless, T. M. (1966). J. clin. Invest., 45, 1064. Rubino, A., Zimbalatti, F., and Auricchio, S. (1964). Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.), 92, 305. Rutishauser, I. H. E. (1965). Lancet, 2, 565. Sheehy, T W., and Anderson, P. R. (1965). Ibid., 2, 1. Smith, C. A. (1959). The Physiology of the Newborn Infant, 3rd ed., p. 232, 235. Oxford. Stanfield, J. P., Hutt, M. S. R., and Tunnicliffe, R. (1965). Lancet, 2, 519. Sterk, V V., and Kretchmer, N (1964). Pediatrics, 34, 609. Sunshine, P., and Kretchmer, N. (1964). Ibid., 34, 38. Trowell, H. C. (1960). Non-infective Disease in Africa, pp. 331, 350. London. Weijers, H. A., Van De Kamer, J. H., Dicke, W. K., and Ijsseling, J. (1961). Acta paediat. (Uppsala), 50, 55. Whitehead, R. G. (1964). Lancet, 1, 250. (1965). Ibid., 2, 567. Wittmann, W., and Hansen, J. D. L. (1965). 5. Afr. med. J., 39, 223.
Immunoglobulin synthesis in the "resting" breast.
Authors: J O Drife, D B McClelland, A Pryde, M M Roberts, I I Smith
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Nulliparous women have a greater risk of developing breast cancer than women who have borne children, but so far no functional differences in breast tissue have been reported between parous women and nulliparae. Macroscopically and histologically normal breast tissue was obtained from 74 women of reproductive age during biopsy of benign breast lesions and was examined for the presence of plasma cells by immunfluorescence. Immunoglobulin synthesis was detected by an in-vitro culture technique. Synthesis of IgA was detected in 81% of specimans of IgG in 45%, and of IgM in 3%. IgA synthesis much more intense than IgG or IgM synthesis. Plasma cells containing IgA were seen in 71% of the specimens examined, and 88% of specimens had deposits of IgA in the ductules. The findings were not significantly incluenced by the nature of the condition necessitating biopsy or by oral contraception. Nulliparous women showed no cyclical changes, but among parous women IgA synthesis was more intense during luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This suggests that after the first pregnancy the breast is more sensitive to progesterone.
Short Term Effect of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) on Echocardiographic Parameters: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Hüseyin Dursun, Zülkif Tanrıverdi, Barış Ünal, Abidin Cenk Erdal, Ömer Kozan, Dayimi Kaya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Tumor Necrosis Factor Not Detectable in Patients With Clinical Cancer Cachexia
Authors: S. H. Socher, D. Martinez, J. B. Craig, J. G. Kuhn, A. Oliff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cachexia in neoplastic and infectious diseases. To assess the relationship between TNF and weight loss among cancer patients, we assayed TNF levels in serum from 19 patients who had lost 8%-40% of premorbid weight. The weight loss experienced by these patients was not attributable to anticancer therapy, gastrointestinal disorders, or other medical problems. TNF was measured using a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that is sensitive to human TNF in serum at concentrations greater than or equal to 40 pg/mL. No TNF was detected in serum samples from the 19 patients studied.
A direct gravimetric technique for measuring sebum excretion rate
Authors: D.P. LOOKINGBILL, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

The standard gravimetric method for measuring sebum excretion rates involves ether extraction of the collected sebum. We have evaluated a more direct method in which the collecting papers were pre- and post-weighed in glass beakers under conditions of stable temperature and humidity. Weights were adjusted allowing for control weight gain or loss, due mainly to day to day changes in weight room humidity. The direct method compared favourably with the ether extraction method in determining: (1) sebum collected from 43 subjects (r = 0.991, P less than 0.001), (2) left versus right forehead comparisons in 19 subjects (direct method: r = 0.966, P less than 0.001; ether extraction method: (r = 0.963, P less than 0.001), and (3) recovery of sebum from 32 premeasured standards (r = 0.997, P less than 0.001). The findings demonstrate the accuracy of the direct gravimetric procedure which is also simpler, safer and less expensive than methods currently in use.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: M. Hilton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is one of the few disorders of balance for which there is a simple, safe, and highly effective treatment. Although vertigo is rarely a presenting complaint of serious underlying pathology, it is a symptom that is both distressing and highly disruptive.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is characterised by shortlived episodes of vertigo in association with rapid changes in head position. The pathology usually lies in the posterior semicircular canal of the inner ear. It is now widely accepted that “canalolithiasis” causes this condition. Free floating debris in the endolymph of the semicircular canal is assumed to act like a plunger, causing continuing stimulation of the auditory canal for several seconds after movement of the head has ceased. The condition is idiopathic in most patients. The commonest identifiable cause, in some 20% of patients, is minor trauma to the head. The condition can present at any age but reaches a peak in the sixth and seventh decades.

Patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo due to involvement of the posterior …
Researchers Probe Targeted Agents’ Clinical Potential for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2010)

BOSTON—Favorable results from treatment trials have brought considerable attention to targeted cancer prevention. Meanwhile, research continues to identify proteins important for cancer development and progression, expanding the list of agents that might one day be suitable for healthy individuals at high risk of developing certain types of cancer. Investigators discussed many of these agents and their targets at the recent Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics International Conference, organized by the American Association for CancerResearch, theNationalCancer Institute, and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. The well-known successes of targeted therapies for breast cancer have revolutionized cancer care. Now researchers are looking to apply similar strategies to prevention. “Therapeutic interventions related to the estrogen receptor and HER2/neu have prepared the way for exploiting these same targets in breast cancer prevention,” said Karen A. Johnson, MD, PhD, MPH, of the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Md. The benefits of anti-HER2/neu therapies such as trastuzumab are linked to overexpression of HER2 in breast tissue. “It follows that HER2-positive DCIS [ductal carcinoma in situ] is an appropriate setting to study the effect of trastuzumab for a high-risk tissue abnormality short of invasive cancer,” said Johnson. Other investigators are examining the activity of lapatinib, a dual kinase inhibitor, for its effect on DCIS that overexpresses HER2, the epidermal growth factor receptor, or both. Phase 3 prevention studies have shown that drugs that target the estrogen receptor (ER)—including tamoxifen, raloxifene, and idoxifene—
C-Reactive Protein Adds to the Predictive Value of Total and HDL Cholesterol in Determining Risk of First Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Paul M. Ridker, Robert J. Glynn, Charles H. Hennekens
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —C-reactive protein (CRP) is a sensitive marker of inflammation, and elevated levels have been associated with future risk of myocardial infarction (MI). However, whether measurement of CRP adds to the predictive value of total cholesterol (TC) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) in determining risk is uncertain. Methods and Results —Among 14 916 apparently healthy men participating in the Physicians’ Health Study, baseline levels of CRP, TC, and HDL-C were measured among 245 study subjects who subsequently developed a first MI (cases) and among 372 subjects who remained free of cardiovascular disease during an average follow-up period of 9 years (controls). In univariate analyses, high baseline levels of CRP, TC, and TC:HDL-C ratio were each associated with significantly increased risks of future MI (all P values &lt;0.001). In multivariate analyses, models incorporating CRP and lipid parameters provided a significantly better method to predict risk than did models using lipids alone (all likelihood ratio test P values &lt;0.003). For example, relative risks of future MI among those with high levels of both CRP and TC (RR=5.0, P =0.0001) were greater than the product of the individual risks associated with isolated elevations of either CRP (RR=1.5) or TC (RR=2.3). In stratified analyses, baseline CRP level was predictive of risk for those with low as well as high levels of TC and the TC:HDL-C ratio. These findings were virtually identical in analyses limited to nonsmokers and after control for other cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions —In prospective data from a large cohort of apparently healthy men, baseline CRP level added to the predictive value of lipid parameters in determining risk of first MI.
Evaluation of six oxygen concentrators.
Authors: D P Johns, P D Rochford, J A Streeton
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Examples of six oxygen concentrators (DeVO2, Dom 10, Econo 2, Hudson, Permox, and Roomate) were evaluated over a 9-28 day period to determine (1) the oxygen yield (% O2) over the flow range 1-4 l min-1; (2) 90% oxygen rise time (90% RT) from a cold start when they were operated at 2 l min-1; (3) accuracy and readability of the flow device; (4) static outlet pressure; (5) major components comprising the product gas (Hudson only); and (6) general characteristics. At an outlet flow of 2 l min-1 the mean % O2 generated by all models, except the Permox (which was lower, mean (SD) 90.5% (3.1%), were between 94% and 95% with a range of less than +/- 0.5%. The Dom 10, Econo 2, and Hudson consistently generated higher oxygen concentrations than the other models at flow rates greater than 2 l min-1. The 90% RT was less than 10.5 minutes for all models. Deviations of up to 22% were observed between predicted and measured flow rates in all models except the DeVO2, Hudson, and Permox. It was possible to set the orifice type flow devices fitted to the Permox and Roomate between indicated flow settings, resulting in cessation of flow. Spectral analysis of the output of one device showed that argon and oxygen were concentrated to similar extents, indicating that the maximal attainable oxygen yield for a molecular sieve concentrator is about 96%.
Mechanisms of levamisole‐induced granulocytopenia in breast cancer patients
Authors: Charles L. Vogel, Michael A. Silverman, Peter W. Mansell, Alan M. Miller, John S. Thompson, John M. Herbick, Dennis E. Brunskill, Darlene C. Padgett, E. Churchill McKinney, Everett V. Sugarbaker
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Five of 39 (13%) women treated with adjuvant combination chemotherapy plus levamisole immunotherapy after mastectomy for Stage II or III breast cancer developed levamisole-induced granulocytopenia. This complication occurred in each of the women between six and ten weeks after the completion of six months of combination chemoimmunotherapy when they were taking levamisole alone. Although none of the patients had an HLA B-27 locus and leukoagglutinins could not be demonstrated, complement-dependent, IgM mediated, peripheral destruction of granulocytes was documented using a microgranulocytotoxicity assay. In addition, a factor(s) present in serum from patients developing levamisole-induced granulocytopenia caused suppression of bone marrow granulocyte progenitor cells (CFU-C). The possible relationships between levamisole-induced peripheral granulocyte destruction and bone marrow CFU-C suppression are discussed.
Cholesterol Testing Among Children and Adolescents During Health Visits
Authors: Samuel R. Vinci, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Jennifer K. Cheng, Rebekah C. Mannix, Matthew W. Gillman, Sarah D. de Ferranti
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Abnormal lipid values occur in 1 in 5 US children and adolescents,1 and are associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood.2 Universal pediatric lipid screening is advised by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)2 for those aged 9 to 11 years and 17 to 21 years, in addition to the selective screening advised by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Heart Association. In contrast, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) did not find sufficient evidence to recommend any pediatric lipid screening.3

Despite substantial controversy,4 little is known about the frequency of cholesterol testing during pediatric health maintenance visits in the United States.5 We used the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS)6 to examine (1) rates and correlates of testing and (2) trends in testing, including before and after the 2007 USPSTF and 2008 AAP cholesterol statements.
Neonatal jaundice: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: J. Rennie, S. Burman-Roy, M. S. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common conditions needing medical attention in newborn babies. About 60% of term and 80% of preterm babies develop jaundice in the first week of life, and about 10% of breast fed babies are still jaundiced at age 1 month.1 Neonatal jaundice is generally harmless, but high concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin may occasionally cause kernicterus (permanent brain damage). This is a rare condition (about seven new cases each year in the United Kingdom2) and sequelae include choreoathetoid cerebral palsy, deafness, and upgaze palsy. Jaundice can also be a sign of serious liver disease, such as biliary atresia, the prognosis for which is better if it is treated before age 6 weeks.3 Early recognition of jaundice is vital for treatment of any underlying condition and for the appropriate use of phototherapy, which can safely control bilirubin concentrations in most cases. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on how to diagnose and treat jaundice in newborns up to 28 days old.4 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Information for parents and carers Offer parents or carers information about neonatal jaundice that is tailored to their needs and expressed concerns, taking care to avoid causing unnecessary anxiety; discuss verbally and back up the discussions with written information. [ Based on low quality qualitative studies and on the experience and opinion of the Guideline Development Group (GDG) ] The information might include the following:
Multiple Fractures and Dislocation of Ankle
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Dr. D. W. Florence: A 26-year-old telephone company supervisor, heavy in stature, was sitting in the right front seat of an automobile involved in an accident of considerable force. The patient was unaware of the exact details of the accident because of a temporary phase of amnesia. She was brought immediately to the Massachusetts General Hospital by ambulance; there was no treatment prior to her arrival in the emergency room. Her obvious injuries were closed fractures of the left tibia and fibula, with angulation, plus a dislocation of the right ankle (internal rotation and adduction), with loss of the dorsalis pedis and the posterior tibial pulses on the right. The dislocation was immediately reduced without anesthesia, and both pulses promptly returned. The malalignment of the left tibia was also adjusted with ease, and a pillow splint was applied. The circulation, sensation, and motor power distal to the latter were all
Promoting evidence based practice in maternal care
Authors: A. Langer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers pp 942, 945 

In maternal health care there is a recognised gap between evidence of effectiveness and clinical practice. Indeed, too often routine care is not evidence based and there is strong resistance to stopping harmful or useless procedures.1 Unnecessary caesarean section and episiotomy are good examples of the mismatch between evidence and practice and of the complexities that change entails, as two articles in this issue illustrate. 2 3

Unnecessary caesarean section is known to increase health risks for both mother and newborn child and adds burdens to healthcare budgets. There has been a sustained growth in caesarean section rates worldwide that has reached epidemic proportions in Latin America. A combination of factors contributes to this trend: providers' views on the safety of caesarean section,4 obstetricians' convenience,5 and the configuration of healthcare systems.6 A fourth element is patients' demand for surgical delivery, a hotly debated issue, especially in Brazil. …
SURVIVAL AND REINFECTION AFTER ENDOCARDITIS OR POCKET INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT-VENTRICULAR EPICARDIAL LEADS
Authors: Saima Karim, Ayman Hussein, Omar Batal, Mohammad Karim, Muhammad Imran, Walid Saliba, David Martin, Oussama Wazni, Mohamed Kanj, Bruce Wilkoff, Thomas Callahan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)