tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
METHYLENE BLUE IN CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
Authors: Milton A. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The recent reports on the use of methylene blue (methylthionine chloride, U. S. P.) in carbon monoxide poisoning and in cyanide poisoning prompted us to prepare and have available for use in the accident ward and on the ambulance 50 cc. units of a sterile, aqueous 1 per cent solution of the dye. This is the report of our first case in which this substance was used: A white man, aged 53, brought by the police to the accident ward, March 3, 1933, at 12:20 p. m., had been found at noon in a room filled with illuminating gas; he was unconscious when found and had left a note stating that he was "ending it all," and timed the note at 11:05 a. m.; four jets of a gas range were found wide open. On admission to the hospital the patient was unconscious and cyanotic, with cold extremities; a feeble
Expression of HLA-B27 in transgenic mice is dependent on the mouse H-2D genes.
Authors: C L Nickerson, J Hanson, C S David
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

HLA-B27 transgenic mice in the context of various H-2 haplotypes were produced. A high expression of the HLA-B27 antigen was observed in mice homozygous for H-2b, H-2f, H-2s, H-2p, H-2r, and H-2k haplotypes. Mice of the H-2v haplotype expressed HLA-B27 at an intermediate level. Expression of HLA-B27 was minimal in mice of the H-2q and H-2d haplotypes. This was observed both on the B10 background and in DBA/2 or BALB/c mice. Only minimal expression of HLA-B27 could be detected in B10.PL (KuDd) or B10.RKDB (KkSkDdLb) mice, indicating that the low level of HLA-B27 expression maps to the H-2D gene or a very closely linked gene. Integration and transcription of the HLA-B27 gene does not appear to be different between high-expressing haplotypes and low-expressing haplotypes as determined by Southern and Northern blot analysis. However, expression of HLA-B27 on the cell surface correlated with the amount of HLA-B27 and beta 2M that could be immunoprecipitated with an anti-B27 antibody. Therefore, the association of the B27 heavy chain with endogenous beta 2M and subsequent expression on the cell surface are disrupted in mice with some class I H-2D genes. Possible mechanisms that might contribute to this defect in assembly, transport, and expression of class I molecules are discussed.
PURPOSE, CONTENT AND METHODS OF TEACHING PUBLIC HEALTH TO MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: HAVEN EMERSON
Journal: JAMA (1941)

DEFINITION AND PURPOSE  A definition of the practice of public health which suits my present purpose and will stand on its merits under the circumstances is: The application of the sciences of preventive medicine through government for social ends. The public health is but a convenient expression of the collective health of the members of the community, the social aggregation of families or households under some civil government jurisdiction.  Medicine and biology created a precedent when about a hundred years ago they entered on a career as servants of government, with functions defined by statute law and supported by tax revenues. For the first time the sanitary protection and health status of man and his wife and children became an object of the official solicitude of statesmen and of local government. Persons and their well-being as well as the safety of their material possessions and property were to be protected.
P122 The Prevalence and Impact of Opiate Smoking Associated COPD
Authors: N Lewis-Burke, O Wooding, K McKinnell, L Davies, P P Walker
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3></h3> Within the last two decades there has been a shift from injection to inhalation of recreational opiates (heroin and crack cocaine) as this was perceived to be ‘safer’. However, there are little data as to the effect on lung function and diagnosis and treatment of airway disease. We recruited 145 current and past opiate users from a local community drug service and they completed questionnaires on demographics, drug use, symptoms and health status as well as spirometry. Lower limit of normal was used to define airflow obstruction in this young population. Of the 145 subjects 10 failed to produce adequate pre and post-bronchodilator (BD) spirometry and 26 subjects had injected but not smoked opiates. Of the remaining 109 subjects 36 (33%) had post-BD airflow obstruction with minor or no reversibility and so consistent with COPD. A further 6 subjects had marked reversibility suggesting asthma and 2 subjects had normal spirometry but had a secondary care diagnosis of bronchiectasis meaning a prevalence of airway disease of 40%. The 36 COPD subjects had smoked heroin for a mean 24 (SD 9) years, 34/36 had also smoked crack for 13 (9) years and 33/36 had smoked cannabis for 22 (11) years. All had been cigarette smokers; 24 (21) pack years. Their mean age was 44.7 (6.3) years and 25/36 (69%) were male. Post-BD FEV1 was 2.62 (0.92) L; 74.6 (23.8)% predicted and FEV1/FVC was 0.6 (0.13). Most subjects had mild to moderate COPD–GOLD stage I = 17, II = 13, III = 5 and IV = 1. Only 5 had ever been given a diagnosis of COPD but 21 had been told they had asthma. Mean CAT score was 20 (10) with 50% (18/36) having CAT scores of 20 or greater. Mean MRC score was 3 (1.6) with 53% (19/36) having MRC scores of 3–5. Despite this only 56% (20/36) were on any form of therapy and only 25% (9/36) were prescribed any long-acting bronchodilator. COPD is very common in an opiate smoking population with a third having irreversible airflow obstruction despite their young age. However, few have been diagnosed with COPD and despite a high level of symptoms and poor health status, treatment is far from optimal. The frequency and early development of lung disease related to opiate smoking represents an important public health message and better and earlier recognition and treatment could reduce healthcare utilisation and costs.
Structural Interventions for Addressing Chronic Health Problems
Authors: Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LIFT study to continue as planned
Authors: Diederick E Grobbee
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—The long term intervention on fractures with tibolone (LIFT) study is a randomised trial to determine the effect of treatment with tibolone on risk of vertebral fracture in older osteoporotic postmenopausal women. The average age of the 4538 participants is 68 (SD 5.2) years. They have a bone mineral density t score at the total hip or spine ≤ - 2.5 without …
Inductionless or Limited Shock Testing Is Possible in Most Patients With Implantable Cardioverter- Defibrillators/Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Defibrillators
Authors: John D. Day, Rahul N. Doshi, Peter Belott, Ulrika Birgersdotter-Green, Mahnaz Behboodikhah, Peter Ott, Kathryn A. Glatter, Serge Tobias, Howard Frumin, Byron K. Lee, John Merillat, Isaac Wiener, Samuel Wang, Harlan Grogin, Sung Chun, Rob Patrawalla, Brian Crandall, Jeffrey S. Osborn, J. Peter Weiss, Donald L. Lappe, Stacey Neuman
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators have relied on multiple ventricular fibrillation (VF) induction/defibrillation tests at implantation to ensure that the device can reliably sense, detect, and convert VF. The ASSURE Study (Arrhythmia Single Shock Defibrillation Threshold Testing Versus Upper Limit of Vulnerability: Risk Reduction Evaluation With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantations) is the first large, multicenter, prospective trial comparing vulnerability safety margin testing versus defibrillation safety margin testing with a single VF induction/defibrillation.A total of 426 patients receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator underwent vulnerability safety margin or defibrillation safety margin screening at 14 J in a randomized order. After this, patients underwent confirmatory testing, which required 2 VF conversions without failure at < or = 21 J. Patients who passed their first 14-J and confirmatory tests, irrespective of the results of their second 14-J test, had their devices programmed to a 21-J shock for ventricular tachycardia (VT) or VF > or = 200 bpm and were followed up for 1 year. Of 420 patients who underwent 14-J vulnerability safety margin screening, 322 (76.7%) passed. Of these, 317 (98.4%) also passed 21-J confirmatory tests. Of 416 patients who underwent 14-J defibrillation safety margin screening, 343 (82.5%) passed, and 338 (98.5%) also passed 21-J confirmatory tests. Most clinical VT/VF episodes (32 of 37, or 86%) were terminated by the first shock, with no difference in first shock success. In all observed cases in which the first shock was unsuccessful, subsequent shocks terminated VT/VF without complication.Although spontaneous episodes of fast VT/VF were limited, there was no difference in the odds of first shock efficacy between groups. Screening with vulnerability safety margin or defibrillation safety margin may allow for inductionless or limited shock testing in most patients.
FUNCTIONAL MATURATION OF THYMIC LYMPHOCYTE POPULATIONS IN VITRO
Authors: Donald E. Mosier, Carl W. Pierce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Mouse thymocytes were cultured for short periods of time either alone or with one of two supporting cell populations, splenic adherent cells or thymic epithelial cells. The thymus-derived (T) cell activity of thymocytes cultured on supporting cell populations increased dramatically during 2 days of culture, as assayed in the mixed lymphocyte interaction (MLI), response to phytomitogens, and helper cell activity in the in vitro antibody response. The level of activity attained was equal to that of spleen and lymph node lymphocytes and greater than that of steroid-resistant thymocytes. The cultured thymocytes had surface antigens characteristic of mature T lymphocytes with regard to theta and H-2. The appearance of functionally active lymphocytes in vitro depended upon cell division. Most of the active cultured cells arose from cells already undergoing maturation, i.e., from cells with reduced theta determinants and increased H-2 determinants. We therefore have generated a population of thymocytes indistinguishable from peripheral T lymphocytes using simple in vitro techniques. The extent to which the production of these active lymphocytes depends upon in vitro differentiation is discussed.
"Bedside Blood Urea"
Authors: R. L. Searcy, J. A. Giddings, L. M. Bergquist
Journal: BMJ (1963)

schizophrenic vagrant automatically merits detention "in the interests of his own health and safety."'For many the memory of the chronic wards inclines them to the informality of the roads rather than that of the hospital.It has been said of such men in a common lodging house, "They're head cases.It isn't their fault.But they shouldn't be here."2-Iam, etc., Day Hospital,
Intragastric bacterial activity and nitrosation before, during, and after treatment with omeprazole.
Authors: B K Sharma, I A Santana, E C Wood, R P Walt, M Pereira, P Noone, P L Smith, C L Walters, R E Pounder
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Ten healthy volunteers were studied before, during, and after treatment with omeprazole 30 mg daily for two weeks. On the 14th night mean nocturnal (2100-0700) intragastric acidity was significantly decreased by 75% (p less than 0.001). At 0700, 22 hours after the last dose of omeprazole, there were significant increases in the bacterial count and the nitrite and N-nitrosamine concentrations in the gastric juice (p less than 0.001). Three days later these changes had resolved. Short term treatment of healthy volunteers with omeprazole is associated with a short lived increase in the gastric bacterial flora, with endogenous production of N-nitroso compounds.
Cholesterol Reduction Yields Clinical Benefit
Authors: A. Lawrence Gould, Jacques E. Rossouw, Nancy C. Santanello, Joseph F. Heyse, Curt D. Furberg
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background There has been a continuing debate about the overall benefit of cholesterol lowering. We performed a novel meta-analysis of all randomized trials of more than 2 years’ duration (n=35 trials) to describe how coronary-heart-disease (CHD), non-CHD, and total mortality are related to cholesterol lowering and to type of intervention. Methods and Results The analytic approach was designed to separate the effects of cholesterol lowering itself from the other effects of the different types of intervention used. For every 10 percentage points of cholesterol lowering, CHD mortality was reduced by 13% ( P &lt;.002) and total mortality by 10% ( P &lt;.03). Cholesterol lowering had no effect on non-CHD mortality. Certain types of intervention had specific effects independent of cholesterol lowering. Fibrates (clofibrates, 7 trials; gemfibrozil, 2 trials) increased non-CHD mortality by about 30% ( P &lt;.01) and total mortality by about 17% ( P &lt;.02). Hormones (estrogen, 2 trials; dextrothyroxin, 2 trials) increased CHD mortality in men by about 27% ( P &lt;.04), non-CHD mortality by about 55% ( P &lt;.03), and total mortality by about 33% ( P &lt;.01). No specific effects independent of cholesterol lowering were found due to diet (n=11) or other interventions (resins, 5; niacin, 3; statins, 2; partial ileal bypass, 1). Conclusions The results suggest that cholesterol lowering itself is beneficial but that specific adverse effects of fibrates and hormones increase the risk of CHD (hormones only), non-CHD, and total mortality.
Predictors of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp
Authors: D. H. Han, S. W. Kim, S. H. Cho, D. Y. Kim, C. H. Lee, S. S. Kim, C. S. Rhee
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSNP) and asthma are inflammatory lesions of the respiratory epithelium. This study was conducted to evaluate predictive factors of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in patients with CRSNP.BHR was evaluated using a methacholine bronchoprovocation test (MBPT) in 122 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with CRSNP at Seoul National University Hospital from January 2004 to June 2006. The following parameters were analyzed and compared between the BHR and non-BHR groups: symptoms, atopic status, current smoking, disease severity of CRSNP based on the Lund-Mackay scoring system of sinus CT, and counts of eosinophils in the serum and nasal tissues.Thirty-five percent of the patients were found to have BHR, and BHR was found to occur more frequently in patients that were currently suffering from sneezing (P = 0.007). In addition, the mean eosinophil counts of the serum and nasal tissues were higher in the BHR group than in the non-BHR group (P = 0.001 for the serum, P = 0.045 for the nasal tissues), and the eosinophil counts of the serum correlated to those of the nasal tissues (r = 0.334, P = 0.013). The disease severity, as determined by the Lund-Mackay scoring system, was not different between the two groups (P > 0.05). The best cutoff serum eosinophil count for predicting BHR in CRSNP patients was determined to be 300 cells/microl (sensitivity 70%, specificity 70%).Taken together, these results indicate that moderate to severe sneezing and a serum eosinophil count > or = 300 cells/microl may be predictive factors for BHR in patients with CRSNP.
Chronic liver disease mortality in the United States, 1990-1998
Authors: Sirenda Vong, Beth P. Bell
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

In 1998, chronic liver disease (CLD) was the tenth leading cause of death in the U.S. Alcohol and hepatitis C are thought to be important etiologies. However, traditional methods for calculating CLD mortality rates from death certificates may underestimate hepatitis C-related CLD mortality. We studied patterns of CLD deaths reported from 1990 through 1998, using an expanded definition that included death certificates where CLD, viral hepatitis, or CLD-related sequelae were reported as the underlying cause. We calculated overall age-specific and age-adjusted mortality rates, and according to demographic characteristics and recorded causes, and evaluated trends using linear regression modeling. CLD mortality declined 5% overall from 1990 through 1994 (12.1 to 11.6/100,000; P = 0.002), but remained unchanged from 1995 through 1998 (P = 0.366). Decreases were similar for all causes except hepatitis C, for which rates increased 220% from 1993 to 1998 (0.57 to 1.67/100,000). Rates declined in all racial-ethnic groups except American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN), among whom rates were unchanged. Of 30,933 CLD deaths in 1998, 39% were coded as alcohol related, 15% as hepatitis C, 4% as hepatitis B, and 44% had no recorded cause. Age-adjusted rates were higher among males (47.6/100,000) than females (32.2/100,000) and among Hispanics (19.1/100,000) compared with non-Hispanics (10.8/100,000). Rates among AI/AN (28.7/100,000) were more than twice those of African Americans and whites (12.9/100,000 and 11.5/100,000, respectively). In conclusion, 1998 CLD deaths and the proportion attributable to viral hepatitis increased by 23% and 19%, respectively, compared with traditional methods. Mortality declines of the early 1990s were not sustained after 1994. Large disparities in CLD mortality remain, particularly among American Indians and Alaska Natives.
Doping in Sport
Authors: A. Dirix
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1973)

PREAMBULEII ne sera guere question de brosser un tableau complet du doping; I'etendue, la complexite et l'6volution rapide du probleme ne le permettrait pas.L'expose sera fait en fonction d'observations et de travaux en grande partie personnels et faits au cours des toutes dernieres annees. 11sera surtout question de cyclisme pour la raison que c'est dans ce milieu qu'il nous a ete possible d'approfondir le probleme, qui cependant d6passe de tres loin le mondu du sport.Des cas precis sont cit6s et les r6sultats des examens de laboratoires specialises sont communiques.L'ensemble des donnees est confronte avec les connaissances m~dicales theoriques, scientifiques, physiologiques, pathologiques et psychologiques, etudi6es dans differents pays: toutefois les donn~es du probleme 6tudi6es en Belgique seront communiquees d'une faion plus etendue.1. -DEFINITION De tres nombreuses definitions ont e donnees, qui en fait ont la meme signification.La loi Beige qui inter- dit la pratique du doping 3 l'occasion de competitions sportives dit:((Est consid6re comme pratique du doping, I'utilisation de substances ou l'emploi de moyens en vue d'augmenter artificiellement le rendement d'un athlete qui participe ou se pr6pare b une competition sportive, lorsque cela peut etre nuisible A son int6grite physique ou psychique.))D'autres definitions dont celle du groupement extra-scolaire du Conseil de l'Europe, de la Ligue V6locip6dique Beige et de l'Union Cycliste Internationale, font egalement mention du pr6judice qui peut etre port6 6 I'ethique sportive.11. -LISTE DES PRODUITS DOPANTS De tres nombreuses listes ont e communiqu6es:1. Le comite de leducation extra-scolaire du Conseil de l'Europg a publie une le liste en 1963: sa complexite fut telle, qu'on la remplaca en 1965 par une liste de substances qui doivent avoir la priorite dans la lutte.1) Les narcotiques (morphine, heroi-ne etc....) conformement b la nomenclature internationale en vigueur.2) Les medicaments du groupe des amphetamines, y compris I'amphetamine elle-meme et ses derives m6thyl et hydroxy.3) La strychnine.4) L'ether diethylique.5) La trinitroglycerine.6) La phenylm6thylmorpholine (phenmetrazine).7) Les dialcoylamides de l'acide crotonyl-alcoyl-am inobutyriques.2. La Licue VWlocivedique Belge (L.V.B.) a publie en 1967 une longue liste des produits defendus: 1) Les produits deprimants: (alcool en dose exageree, et stupefiants mentionnes A I'arret6 royal du 31-12-39).2) Les psychost i m ulants: e.a.
A Pilot Study of Social and Emotional Factors Influencing a Patient's Ability to Follow an Antihypertensive Program.
Authors: John R. Caldwell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967A Pilot Study of Social and Emotional Factors Influencing a Patient's Ability to Follow an Antihypertensive Program.John R. Caldwell, M.D., F.A.C.P., Dasja de Jongh, M.S.W., Sidney Cobb, M.D., Monroe D. Dowling, M.D.John R. Caldwell, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Dasja de Jongh, M.S.W.Search for more papers by this author, Sidney Cobb, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Monroe D. Dowling, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1035_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHypertension, like diabetes, requires lifelong medical supervision. A substantial proportion of patients drop out of treatment. To discover why, 66 patients were evaluated medically and in terms of social-emotional factors. Data were gathered from medical records and personal interviews. An "emergency" group of 42 patients had had a hypertensive emergency after discontinuing treatment. The "control" group of 24 patients had had prolonged consistent treatment with good control of their disease.The pretreatment severity of disease was found to be comparable for both groups as determined by degree of retinopathy, presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, level of serum creatinine, and basal... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Detroit and Ann Arbor, Michigan, and New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1035-1035KeywordsCreatinineEmotionsHypertensionLeft ventricular hypertrophyPilot studiesRetinopathy Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...