tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Roentgenologic Atlas of the Hand and Wrist in Systemic Disease
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Despite the title, this volume addresses itself not only to roentgenographic changes of the hand in systemic disease but also to several disorders localized to the hand. Although each section contains one or two pages of introductory remarks, as noted by the authors, the book is, indeed, an atlas, not a textbook. About 300 roentgenograms, including a few arteriograms, each supplemented by a brief description and appropriate reference, depict hand changes in about as many different maladies. Most of the photographically reproduced roentgenograms display the intended findings well. Several fail to show osseous detail as accurately as one would like. The vast range of conditions included certainly prove the authors' point that the hand frequently reflects systemic disease rather accurately. Those interested in musculoskeletal disorders—congenital, metabolic, infectious, arthritic, neoplastic, vascular—should appreciate this most useful and reasonably priced reference. Everyone, of course, when attempting to solve a perplexing diagnostic mystery, would
Concurrent Herpes Zoster and Varicella
Authors: B. K. Muller, W. J. Gomes
Journal: BMJ (1965)

ovary and uterus were adherent to the rectum, and a considerable amount of altered blood was present in the pelvis.All other intra-abdominal viscera were normal.Total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were done.The patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged three weeks after operation.On subsequent questioning she stated that she had experienced vague abdominal pains from time to time, but that these were unrelated to her periods.Histological examination of the hernial sac did not reveal any definite endometrial infiltration, and it therefore seems evident that the large amount of altered blood present in the sac at operation was due to direct extension from the extensive pelvic endometriosis, which had other- wise remained " silent."The Figure shows the appearance of the specimens removed at operation.
The Safety of Hydrogen in Shunt Detection
Authors: ROBERT B. DICKERSON, WALTER L. JENSEN, ROBERT V. HOLLISON
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The hazards of hydrogen as used for the detection of shunts has been studied under clinical conditions with the Standard Mine Safety Appliance Explosimeter and under additional simulated circumstances far more extreme than would ever be encountered in a catheterization laboratory. Because of the lightness of the gas and its ready diffusibility, explosive concentrations were transiently identified in small zones that were grossly different from those reportedly associated with "heavier than air" explosive gases. With its use in single inhalations for the identification of an intracardiac shunt and with allowances for a liberal safety factor, no explosive risk exists outside a conical envelope, which may be considered to extend 3 feet above, 6 inches below, and 12 inches laterally in all directions from the patient's mouth. Ordinary electronic apparatus, motor-driven syringes, and x-ray equipment, provided they are commonly grounded and outside this zone, require no explosive safety precautions in their use when hydrogen is used in this manner for shunt detection. Room ventilation is desirable for personal comfort but should not be considered a safety requirement. Release of large quantities of hydrogen has shown that there is no reason to specify a time interval between inhalations for the dispersion of hydrogen. These conclusions are not intended to bemean those measures that are routinely followed to avoid the generation of static electricity. 16 But were a spark generated, it would be of no significance unless it occurred in the restricted zone described.
Age related attenuation of the endothelium dependent relaxation to noradrenaline in isolated pig coronary arteries
Authors: T. Murohara, H. Yasue, M. Ohgushi, N. Sakaino, M. Jougasaki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

The aim was to investigate the relationship between vascular aging and endothelial regulation of the vascular tone by various agonists in isolated pig coronary arteries. EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS AND DESIGN: Coronary artery rings from young (4-6 month old) and aged (3-4 years old) Yorkshire pigs were studied under isometric tension by organ chamber experiments. Cumulative concentration-response curves were obtained for vasorelaxing agents including noradrenaline (with beta blocker), substance P, bradykinin, and glyceryl trinitrate in rings precontracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). The degree of atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries was examined by light microscopy after the pharmacological experiments.In the presence of propranolol (3 x 10(-6)M), noradrenaline (10(-8)-10(-5)M) caused endothelium dependent relaxation. The maximum relaxation was significantly greater in the young [45.4(SEM 2.5)% of the magnitude of precontraction induced by PGF2 alpha] than in the aged group [26.9(3.0)%] (p less than 0.001). However, magnitudes of relaxation to substance P, bradykinin, and glyceryl trinitrate were not significantly different between the young and the aged groups. The alpha 2 antagonist yohimbine (3 x 10(-6)M) inhibited the endothelium dependent relaxation to noradrenaline, but the alpha 1 antagonist prazosin (10(-6)M) failed to inhibit the response. Gossypol (3 x 10(-5)M) and methylene blue (10(-5)M), both inhibitors of endothelium dependent relaxation, abolished alpha 2 adrenoceptor mediated relaxation, but a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10(-5)M) did not affect the response. Histologically almost all young pig coronary arteries were free of atherosclerotic changes, whereas aged arteries had fatty streaks with slightly narrowed lumen in 22 of 38 rings (58%). The remaining aged pig coronary rings were free from atherosclerosis. Comparison of the endothelium dependent relaxation to noradrenaline between the rings with fatty streaks and those without lesions in the aged pigs suggested that the attenuated response was due both to vascular aging and to fatty streak development.The endothelium dependent relaxation to noradrenaline via the alpha 2 adrenoceptor was attenuated by vascular aging and also by fatty streak formation in isolated pig coronary arteries. Thus vascular aging may affect the sympathetic regulation of the coronary arterial tone by the attenuation of endothelium dependent relaxation to catecholamines via alpha 2 adrenoceptors.
The epidermis in thyroid disease*
Authors: P.J.A. HOLT, J. LAZARUS, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Epidermal dimensions, replication and anabolic activity have been studied in thirteen patients with thyrotoxicosis and seven patients with hypothyroidism. Epidermal thickness and rete pattern were significantly reduced in hypothyroidism. The rates of epidermal cell division and anabolic activity in the epidermis were estimated by measuring the rates of incorporation of tritiated precursor compounds and were found to be increased in thyrotoxicosis. The mean autoradiographic labelling indices after the intracutaneous injection of tritiated thymidine were 9-1% in thyrotoxic patients and 4-3% in the hypothyroid group. None of the changes observed could be correlated accurately with the degree of thyroid gland activity, but increased thyroid activity was reflected in the epidermal changes better than decreased thyroid activity.
PREDICTION OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE BY REGIONAL WASHOUT RATE DISPERSION IN CARDIAC MIBG SPECT IMAGING
Authors: Hironori Yamamoto, Takahisa Yamada, Takashi Morita, Yoshio Furukawa, Yusuke Iwasaki, Masato Kawasaki, Atsushi Kikuchi, Takashi Naito, Tadao Fujimoto, Kentaro Ozu, Takumi Kondo, Kaoruko Sengoku, Tsutomu Kawai, Satoshi Takahashi, Masatake Fukunami
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Donor Organ Distribution
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FDA drops legal battle to introduce graphic pictures on cigarette packs
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The federal government is abandoning a legal battle to place pictures of blackened lungs and dead bodies on the front of cigarette packets.

The Food and Drug Administration will not appeal a court decision blocking it from requiring tobacco companies to put large graphic health warnings on cigarette packages. In a letter obtained by the Associated Press, the US attorney general, Eric Holder, said that the …
Carcinogens and cancers in freshwater fishes.
Authors: J J Black, P C Baumann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Epizootics of neoplasms in freshwater fish species are considered in relation to circumstantial and experimental evidence that suggest that some epizootics of neoplasia of hepatocellular, cholangiocellular, epidermal, and oral epithelial origin may be causally related to contaminant exposure. Although there is concern for the safety of consuming fish affected with neoplasms, this concern may be misdirected as direct transmission of cancer by ingesting cancerous tissue would seem unlikely. Of greater concern is the matter of toxic and cancer-causing chemicals present in edible fish that exhibit neoplasia as a symptom of past exposure via residence in a polluted waterway. There is ample evidence to suggest that contaminant chemicals ingested via contaminated Great Lakes fish may already be affecting both human and ecosystem health, but these effects are subtle and may require new approaches to the study of the affected systems.
Standard subcutaneous dosing of unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in surgical ICU patients leads to subtherapeutic factor Xa inhibition
Authors: Sara S. Cheng, Kristen Nordenholz, David Matero, Nathan Pearlman, Martin McCarter, Csaba Gajdos, Christine Hamiel, Angela Baer, Elizabeth Luzier, Zung Vu Tran, Timothy Olson, Kelly Queensland, Ryan Lutz, Paul Wischmeyer
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
In Vivo 16-Slice, Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography for the Assessment of Experimental Atherosclerosis
Authors: Juan F. Viles-Gonzalez, Michael Poon, Javier Sanz, Teresa Rius, Konstantin Nikolaou, Zahi A. Fayad, Valentin Fuster, Juan J. Badimon
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Noninvasive imaging can detect early atherosclerotic disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), because of its excellent spatial resolution, is already established as a tool for plaque characterization. Sixteen-slice, multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) was recently introduced into the field of cardiac imaging, with promising results for noninvasive angiography. We compared the capabilities of MDCT and MRI for the assessment of noncalcified, atherosclerotic plaques.Six atherosclerotic rabbits underwent in vivo imaging by MDCT and 1.5-T MRI. MDCT parameters were 120 kV, 120 mA/s, collimation 12x0.75, and spatial resolution 0.6x0.6 mm. MRI parameters were as follows: for proton density, repetition time/echo time (TR/TE) 2300/5.6; for T2, TR/TE 2300/62; and for T1, TR/TE 800/5.6; slice thickness was 3 mm and spatial resolution, 0.3x0.3 mm. Blinded analysis of 3-mm axial reconstructions from MDCT and the carefully matched MRI images (182 sections) showed excellent agreement between both modalities. MDCT yielded a slightly larger lumen area, anteroposterior diameters, and lateral diameters, with no significant differences in total vessel area. The sensitivity and specificity, respectively, to detect noncalcified, atherosclerotic plaques were 89% and 77% for MDCT and 97% and 94% for MRI. Fibrous-rich and lipid-rich plaque could not be differentiated visually, although they showed different attenuation properties (116+/-27 vs 51+/-25 Hounsfield units, P<0.01).Both techniques allow reliable detection of noncalcified, atherosclerotic plaques and accurate assessment of vessel areas and diameters. MDCT offers the additive value of a very short image acquisition time when compared with MRI. The subtle measurement differences found between modalities may be due to the better spatial resolution of MRI, which probably explains its superiority for tissue characterization.
A randomised controlled trial of acupuncture care for persistent low back pain: cost effectiveness analysis
Authors: J Ratcliffe, K J Thomas, H MacPherson, J Brazier
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate the cost effectiveness of acupuncture in the management of persistent non-specific low back pain. <b>Design</b> Cost effectiveness analysis of a randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Three private acupuncture clinics and 18 general practices in York, England. <b>Participants</b> 241 adults aged 18-65 with non-specific low back pain of 4-52 weeks9 duration. <b>Interventions</b> Ten individualised acupuncture treatments over three months from acupuncturists trained in traditional Chinese medicine (n = 160) or usual care only (n = 81). <b>Main outcome measure</b> Incremental cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained over two years. <b>Results</b> Total costs to the United Kingdom9s health service during the two year study period were higher on average for the acupuncture group (£460; €673; $859) than for the usual care group (£345) because of the costs associated with initial treatment. The mean incremental health gain from acupuncture at 12 months was 0.012 QALYs (95% confidence interval −0.033 to 0.058) and at 24 months was 0.027 QALYs (−0.056 to 0.110), leading to a base case estimate of £4241 per QALY gained. This result was robust to sensitivity analysis. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed acupuncture to have a more than 90% chance of being cost effective at a £20 000 cost per QALY threshold. <b>Conclusion</b> A short course of traditional acupuncture for persistent non-specific low back pain in primary care confers a modest health benefit for minor extra cost to the NHS compared with usual care. Acupuncture care for low back pain seems to be cost effective in the longer term. <b>Trial registration</b>ISRCTN80764175[controlled-trials.com].
Preliminary studies on the fate of inhaled vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) in rats.
Authors: R E Hefner, P G Watanabe, P J Gehring
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Rats were exposed to vinyl chloride monomer gas (VCM) in a closed recirculating system. The rate at which VCM was removed from the system via metabolism was determined for rats exposed to initial concentrations of VCM ranging from 50 to 1167 ppm. Upon exposure to initial concentrations of 50 to 105 ppm, the rate of metabolism was 8.04 plus or minus 3.40 x 10(-3) min-1. Upon exposure to initial concentrations ranging from 202 to 1167 ppm, the rate constants were less; the mean value being 2.65 plus or minus 1.35 x 10(-3) min-1. Regardless of concentration, the disappearance followed apparent first order kinetics. Pretreatment of rats with pyrazole prior to exposure to initial concentrations of 65 and 1234 ppm VCM caused 71 and 87% reductions in the rate of metabolism. Ethanol caused 96% and 83% reductions in the rate of VCM metabolism by rats exposed to 56 and 97 ppm VCM, respectively. Ethanol was less effective in blocking the rate of metabolism by rats exposed to high concentrations of VCM; 46 and 36% in rats exposed to 1025 and 1034 ppm VCM. In rats exposed to an initial concentration of 65 ppm VCM, SKF-525-A administration caused no inhibition of the rate of VCM metabolism; however, a 19% inhibition was seen in rats exposed to 1038 ppm. The nonprotein sulfhydryl content of the liver (glutathione and cysteine) of rats exposed to VCM concentrations ranging from 50 to 15,000 ppm VCM is reduced without a relationship to dose. With repeated daily exposure the degree of reduction is reduced. Preliminary results indicate that the primary metabolites of VCM react with the nonprotein sulfhydryl. Final metabolic products excreted in the urine appear to be S-(2-hydroxyethyl) cysteine and S-(2-carboxymethyl)cysteine and the respective N-acetyl derivatives. Monochloroacetic acid was identified as another potential metabolite. Considering the results in toto, it is hypothesized that VCM is readily and extensively metabolized. Metabolism via the primary pathway, postulated to involve alcohol dehydrogenase, is swamped by exposures to concentrations exceeding 220 ppm. In rats exposed to concentrations at and exceeding this level, metabolism occurs via a secondary pathway(s), postulated to be epoxidation and/or peroxidation. These results are considered pertinent is assessing the potential hazard at low level exposures to VCM.
Nitrogen-Free Plasmalogen Observed in Infarcted Myocardium of the Dog
Authors: M. H. HACK, V. J. FERRANS
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

Heart tissue from dogs in which myocardial infarction was induced experimentally was analyzed histochemically and chromatographically for plasmalogens. A new, nitrogen-free plasmalogen was observed that was confined to the infarcted area; marked histochemical alterations in the pattern of distribution of the plasmalogens occurred. The new plasmalogen is believed to be a polymer of phosphatidic acid plasmalogen.
Interleukin-11: stimulation in vivo and in vitro by respiratory viruses and induction of airways hyperresponsiveness.
Authors: O Einarsson, G P Geba, Z Zhu, M Landry, J A Elias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

To address the role of IL-11 in viral airways dysfunction, we determined whether infectious agents that exacerbate asthma stimulate stromal cell IL-11 production, determined whether IL-11 could be detected at sites of viral infection and evaluated the effects of IL-11 on airway physiology. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3), and rhinovirus (RV) 14 were potent stimulators while cytomegalovirus and adenovirus only weakly stimulated and herpes simplex virus type 2 and bacteria did not stimulate IL-11 elaboration. IL-11 was not detected or barely detected in nasal aspirates from children without, but was detected in aspirates from children with viral upper respiratory tract infections. The levels of IL-11 were highest in patients with clinically detectable wheezing. IL-11 also caused nonspecific airways hyperresponsiveness in BALB/c mice. These studies demonstrate that three major causes of viral-induced asthma, RSV, RV, and PIV, in contrast to other viruses and bacteria, share the ability to induce stromal cell IL-11 production. They also demonstrate that IL-11 can be detected in vivo during viral respiratory infections, that the presence of IL-11 correlates with clinical bronchospasm and that IL-11 is a potent inducer of airways hyperresponsiveness. IL-11 may be an important mediator in viral airways disorders.
Raised serum albumin in hip osteoarthrosis: a comparative study in women of some blood chemical parameters in aging and in cases of femoral neck fractures, osteoporotic vertebral crush fractures, and hip osteoarthrosis.
Authors: C H Rapin, R Lagier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Twelve blood parameters were studied in five groups of women totalling 120 subjects--group I: 26 blood donors (average age 45.2 years, range 23-66); group II: 18 patients with various cerebral, cardiovascular, or infectious illnesses (average age 79.9 years, range 66-92); group III: 28 patients with femoral neck fractures (average age 79.4 years, range 56-95); group IV: 12 patients with hip osteoarthrosis (average age 71.7 years, range 60-87); group V: 36 patients with vertebral crush fractures associated with postmenopausal and involutional osteoporosis (average age 63.0 years, range 51-75). The parameters measured were total proteins, albumin, total, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, and gamma globulins, total calcium, phosphates, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and haemoglobin. Statistical analysis showed that each group differed from the others even with adjustment for age. Among the discriminant parameters, serum albumin had a distinctive position. Significantly high concentrations of serum albumin in the group with osteoarthrosis raise the question of the possible existence of a population prone to osteoarthrosis in whom the serum albumin level may reflect a special nutritional state associated with the well known bone density in subjects with hip osteoarthrosis. Albumin values in patients with femoral neck fractures are lower than normal but non-significantly. The difference between the group with vertebral crush fractures and that with femoral neck fractures seems to be due to age.
Effect of Stimulation of Hypothalamus and Reticular Activating System on Production of Cardiac Arrhythmia
Authors: HOUSHANG J. ATTAR, MARIO T. GUTIERREZ, SAMUEL BELLET, J. R. RAVENS
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

Changes in blood pressure and the electrocardiogram were studied before and after the stimulation of the hypothalamus (anterior, lateral, and posterior) and the reticular formation of the pons in anesthetized cats. The stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus produced a rise of blood pressure and usually bradycardia; tachycardia was rarely observed. Arrhythmias were not observed, and the electrocardiographic changes consisted only of slight ST elevation and deepening of the T waves. Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus produced a rise in blood pressure of a lesser magnitude than that of the anterior hypothalamus but was associated with a transitory phase of A-V dissociation and frequent premature systoles. Stimulation of the posterolateral hypothalamus resulted in the same rise in blood pressure as that of stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus and was accompanied by nodal rhythms, aberrant ventricular conduction, and fusion beats. Stimulation of the reticular formation produced a rise in blood pressure similar to stimulation of the lateral and posterolateral hypothalamus and was associated with slight tachycardia, widening of the QRS complexes, transitory A-V dissociation with nodal escapes and ectopic beats of ventricular origin, and fusion beats. These findings suggest that: (1) the hypothalamus serves as a pathway for cardiac neurovegetative stimuli, probably via the reticular formation, producing predominantly sinus node depression; (2) the posterolateral hypothalamus and reticular formation have similar functions in the production of cardiac arrhythmia.