tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intra-Atrial Pressure Increases Rate and Organization of Waves Emanating From the Superior Pulmonary Veins During Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Jérôme Kalifa, José Jalife, Alexey V. Zaitsev, Suveer Bagwe, Mark Warren, Javier Moreno, Omer Berenfeld, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) commonly associates with atrial dilatation by poorly understood mechanisms. We hypothesized that elevation of intra-atrial pressure elicits high-frequency and spatio-temporally organized left atrial (LA) sources emanating from the superior pulmonary veins.We used a stretch-related AF model in the sheep heart to induce stable episodes of AF (>40 minutes) in 9 animals. Video movies of the LA free wall (LAFW) and LA superior pulmonary vein junction (JPV) were obtained by using di-4-ANEPPS. Electrograms from the right atrium were recorded. At intra-atrial pressures >10 cm H2O, the maximum dominant frequency (DFMax) was significantly higher in the JPV than in the LAFW (12.0+/-0.2 and 10.5+/-0.2 Hz, respectively [mean+/-SEM]; P<0.001). Below 10 cm H2O, DFMax was similar in the JPV and LAFW (10.8+/-0.3 versus 10.2+/-0.3 Hz; P=0.6); DFMax in both JPV and LAFW was significantly higher than in the right atrium (7.8+/-0.3 Hz; P<0.001). Analysis of excitation direction in JPV showed positive correlation between intra-atrial pressure and the number of waves emanating from the left superior pulmonary vein (r=0.79, P=0.02) but not from the LAFW (r=0.54, P=0.09). The number of spatio-temporally periodic waves in the JPV correlated with pressure (r=0.92, P=0.002). In 3 cases, JPV rotors were identified with a cycle length equal to 1/DFMax.We demonstrate for the first time that an increase in intra-atrial pressure increases the rate and organization of waves emanating from the superior pulmonary veins underlying stretch-related AF.
Effectiveness of an educational video on concussion knowledge in minor league hockey players: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Michael D Cusimano, Mary Chipman, Peter Donnelly, Michael G Hutchison
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background With the heightened awareness of concussions in all sports, the development and implementation of effective prevention strategies are necessary. Education has been advocated as an effective injury prevention intervention. Purpose To examine the effectiveness of the ‘Smart Hockey: More Safety, More Fun’ video on knowledge transfer among minor league hockey players. Study Design Cluster-randomised controlled trial. Methods A total of 267 participants from two age divisions and competitive levels were assigned to either a video or no-video group. The video was shown (or not shown) to the entire team as a result of random assignment. To evaluate the effectiveness of the educational video, questionnaires specific to concussion knowledge and players’ attitudes and behaviours were completed. Results There was a significant increase in the players’ concussion knowledge scores immediately following exposure to the video (F(1,103)=27.00, p&lt;0.001). However, concussion knowledge at 2 months was not significantly different between the video and no-video groups, after controlling for prior knowledge level, age and competitive level (F(1,115)=0.41, p=0.523). Similarly, players’ attitudes and behaviour scores at 2 months did not differ between groups (F(1,115)=0.41, p=0.507). Conclusions We were able to show that a single viewing of an educational video in hockey could immediately improve knowledge about concussion but that this effect was transient and lost at 2-month follow-up. Future prevention endeavours in hockey and other sports should attempt to incorporate strategies and modalities to enhance knowledge retention.
Grouped caging predisposes male mice to ankylosing enthesopathy.
Authors: S Weinreich, J Capkova, B Hoebe-Hewryk, C Boog, P Ivanyi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the number of males per cage as a possible risk factor for murine ankylosing enthesopathy (ANKENT)--a spontaneous joint disease with parallels to human seronegative spondylarthropathies--since ANKENT shows incomplete penetrance of genetic susceptibility factors among individuals living in a stable environment. METHODS: Frequency of ANKENT was compared among males housed with females, with other males, or alone. RESULTS: In three independent cohorts, a trend was observed that males housed with females rarely develop the disease, in contrast to males housed with other males (P &lt; 0.25, P &lt; 0.05, and P &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, no males caged alone developed ANKENT, whereas disease did occur in males grouped together (P &lt; 0.01). When healthy males (retired breeders) were recaged either alone or with other males, ANKENT developed among the grouped males only (P &lt; 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Caging males together is a relative risk factor for ANKENT. Grouped caging may perturb the immune system through endocrine pathways or modify microbiological load through behaviour (for example, infection due to biting).
PRELIMINARY NOTE ON A MONOMORPHIC TRYPANOSOME FOUND IN THE BLOOD OF A NATIVE OF THE GOLD COAST
Authors: J. W. S. Macfie
Journal: BMJ (1917)

JOURNAL for October 14th last by Drs.Haultain and Swift on this subject cannot be overestimated.I lhave tlhought thlat a few further'observations fromii my 'owIn experience in fifteen cases, all primiparae, would perhaps be of lhelp.These results were embodied in a paper read before the Biradford Medico-Chirargical Society in Marelh, 191b.To acquire tle -technique of Kronig's method was not easy.The first difficulty was to know wlen tW give thle first dose.I fancy I lhave miet cases in whiich the os was the size of a crow.n,but wvlere, notwithstanding tlhis, tllc uterine pains were inliibited by thlc h,yoscine, wlhicl
Protein kinase C and rho activated coiled coil protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) modulate Alzheimer's APP metabolism and phosphorylation of the Vps10-domain protein, SorL1
Authors: Rachel F Lane, Scott A Small, Joshua W Gatson, Michelle E Ehrlich, Sam Gandy
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2010)

Generation of the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is differentially regulated through the intracellular trafficking of the amyloid β precursor protein (APP) within the secretory and endocytic pathways. Protein kinase C (PKC) and rho-activated coiled-coil kinases (ROCKs) are two "third messenger" signaling molecules that control the relative utilization of these two pathways. Several members of the Vps family of receptors (Vps35, SorL1, SorCS1) play important roles in post-trans-Golgi network (TGN) sorting and generation of APP derivatives, including Aβ at the TGN, endosome and the plasma membrane. We now report that Vps10-domain proteins are candidate substrates for PKC and/or ROCK2 and act as phospho-state-sensitive physiological effectors for post-TGN sorting of APP and its derivatives. Analysis of the SorL1 cytoplasmic tail revealed multiple consensus sites for phosphorylation by protein kinases. SorL1 was subsequently identified as a phosphoprotein, based on sensitivity of its electrophoretic migration pattern to calf intestine alkaline phosphatase and on its reaction with anti-phospho-serine antibodies. Activation of PKC resulted in increased shedding of the ectodomains of both APP and SorL1, and this was paralleled by an apparent increase in the level of the phosphorylated form of SorL1. ROCK2, the neuronal isoform of another protein kinase, was found to form complexes with SorL1, and both ROCK2 inhibition and ROCK2 knockdown enhanced generation of both soluble APP and Aβ. These results highlight the potential importance of SorL1 in elucidating phospho-state sensitive mechanisms in the regulation of metabolism of APP and Aβ by PKC and ROCK2.
Of gods and leeches: treatment of priapism in the nineteenth century
Authors: D Hodgson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Priapism is defined as a prolonged erection in the absence of sexual desire.The name derives from the Greek god Priapus who had an erect penis very much associated with sexual desire (Figure 1).It is written that his parents were Zeus and Aphrodite.When Hera, the wife of Zeus, heard of the pregnancy she cursed the child, such that, when the boy was born with oversized genitals, he was rejected by Aphrodite.The boy was brought up by shepherds who noticed that wherever they took him flowers would bloom and animals would copulate furiously.He thus became a god of fertility.I have looked for references to priapism in works from the nineteenth century-a time when medicine began to benefit from scientific method and the formal recording of experience. 1 The Wellcome Trust's (London) History of Medicine database was used to find case reports published on priapism in journals of the 19th century.The selection, as will be seen, was mainly British.In addition, textbooks from the urogenital section of the Wellcome Library for the History and Understanding of Medicine were studied for recommendations on treatment of the condition.][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The original journals for seven of these could be traced. 2-80][11] All but two of the reports were published in the second half of the century.
Influence of Comorbidity on the Outcome of Patients Treated for Out-of-Hospital Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Alfred P. Hallstrom, Leonard A. Cobb, Ben Hui Yu
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background A number of factors have previously been shown to be predictive of survival from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. These include witnessed collapse, prompt initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, early application of defibrillation, and younger age. Arrests occurring away from home are also associated with improved survival. Additionally, hospital mortality after successful resuscitation has been related to a history of congestive heart failure as well as to some of the factors noted above. An association of prearrest comorbidity with outcome has not been systematically evaluated. Methods and Results We define here a comorbidity index, which is constructed from histories of chronic conditions as well as a number of recent symptoms in 282 victims of out-of-hospital VF. This indicator of comorbidity is strongly associated with outcome ( P =.004). However, when analyzing a comprehensive set of predictors of survival after out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation, including the index of comorbidity, we could identify overall only about one fourth of the variation that one might hope to account for. Conclusions Comorbidity appears to be an important (but usually overlooked) predictor of survival from out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. However, most of the statistical variability in predicting survival remains unexplained when we consider comorbidity in conjunction with previously identified predictors of survival.
Bone sarcomas: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
Authors: P.C.W. Hogendoorn, N. Athanasou, S. Bielack, E. De Alava, A.P. Dei Tos, S. Ferrari, H. Gelderblom, R. Grimer, K. Sundby Hall, B. Hassan, P.C.W. Hogendoorn, H. Jurgens, M. Paulussen, L. Rozeman, A.H.M. Taminiau, J. Whelan, D. Vanel
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Phase I dose-escalation trial of iodine 131-labeled monoclonal antibody OKB7 in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Authors: M S Czuczman, D J Straus, C R Divgi, M Graham, P Garin-Chesa, R Finn, J Myers, L J Old, S M Larson, D A Scheinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE Eighteen patients with recurrent or refractory CD21-positive, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were treated in a phase IA dose-escalation therapeutic trial of iodine 131 labeled to a fixed dose of OKB7. METHODS Individual doses of 30 to 50 mCi of 131I on 25 mg OKB7 were administered 2 to 3 days apart to achieve four total 131I-OKB7 dose levels of 90, 120, 160, and 200 mCi. Pharmacology, dosimetry, therapeutic effects, toxicity, human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) response, and maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) were determined. Patients were evaluated by imaging studies (including whole-body gamma camera or single-photon emission computed tomography [SPECT] scans), flow cytometric analysis, bone marrow biopsy, and serial blood sampling. RESULTS Median plasma and whole-body half-lives (T1/2) were 16 hours and 14 hours, respectively. Plasma and whole-body radiation doses were 0.0081 Gy/mCi and 0.0022 Gy/mCi, respectively. Specific tumor visualization was noted in eight of 18 patients. HAMA was detected in 12 of 16 patients. Nonhematologic toxicity was limited to asymptomatic elevations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in five of 15 patients. Hematologic toxicity was observed in six of 18 patients, but was severe in only two patients. MTD in patients with diffuse lymphomatous bone marrow involvement was determined to be 200 mCi in four divided doses of 50 mCi 131I/25 mg OKB7. Antitumor activity was observed in 13 of 18 patients (one partial response [PR] and 12 mixed responses) and was dependent on the 131I-OKB7 dose administered. In general, palpable peripheral lymphadenopathy, enlarged spleens, skin lesions, and circulating OKB7-positive peripheral lymphocytes responded most readily to treatment. 131I-OKB7 was safely administered to a patient in leukemic phase of NHL with prompt subsequent loss of approximately 1 kg of tumor cells from the peripheral blood without associated tumor lysis syndrome. CONCLUSION Because antitumor activity with tolerable toxicity was observed in the majority of this group of heavily pretreated patients, phase II investigation of mAb OKB7 radioconjugates in the therapy of NHL is warranted.
Beat-to-Beat Variability of Repolarization Determines Proarrhythmic Outcome in Dogs Susceptible to Drug-Induced Torsades de Pointes
Authors: Morten B. Thomsen, Paul G.A. Volders, Jet D.M. Beekman, Jørgen Matz, Marc A. Vos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Epidemiology of injuries in English professional rugby union: part 1 match injuries
Authors: John H. M. Brooks, C. W. Fuller, S. P. Kemp, Dave B. Reddin
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Objectives: To undertake a detailed, large scale epidemiological study of match injuries sustained by professional rugby union players in order to define their incidence, nature, severity, and causes. Methods: A two season prospective design was used to study match injuries associated with 546 rugby union players at 12 English Premiership clubs. Team clinicians reported all match injuries on a weekly basis and provided details of the location, diagnosis, severity, and mechanism of each injury. Match exposures for individual players were recorded on a weekly basis. Loss of time from training and match play was used as the definition of an injury. Results: The overall incidence of injury was 91 injuries/1000 player-hours, and each injury resulted on average in 18 days lost time. Recurrences, which accounted for 18% of injuries, were significantly more severe (27 days) than new injuries (16 days). Thigh haematomas were the most common injury for forwards and backs, but anterior cruciate ligament injuries for forwards and hamstring injuries for backs caused the greatest number of days absence. Contact mechanisms accounted for 72% of injuries, but foul play was only implicated in 6% of injuries. The ruck and maul elements of the game caused most injuries to forwards, and being tackled caused most injuries to backs. The hooker and outside centre were the playing positions at greatest risk of injury. Conclusions: On average, a club will have 18% of their players unavailable for selection as a consequence of match injuries.
Low-dose leptin reverses skeletal muscle, autonomic, and neuroendocrine adaptations to maintenance of reduced weight
Authors: M. Rosenbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Maintenance of a reduced body weight is accompanied by decreased energy expenditure that is due largely to increased skeletal muscle work efficiency. In addition, decreased sympathetic nervous system tone and circulating concentrations of leptin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine act coordinately to favor weight regain. These "weight-reduced" phenotypes are similar to those of leptin-deficient humans and rodents. We examined metabolic, autonomic, and neuroendocrine phenotypes in 10 inpatient subjects (5 males, 5 females [3 never-obese, 7 obese]) under 3 sets of experimental conditions: (a) maintaining usual weight by ingesting a liquid formula diet; (b) maintaining a 10% reduced weight by ingesting a liquid formula diet; and (c) receiving twice-daily subcutaneous doses of leptin sufficient to restore 8 am circulating leptin concentrations to pre–weight-loss levels and remaining on the same liquid formula diet required to maintain a 10% reduced weight. During leptin administration, energy expenditure, skeletal muscle work efficiency, sympathetic nervous system tone, and circulating concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine returned to pre–weight-loss levels. These responses suggest that the weight-reduced state may be regarded as a condition of relative leptin insufficiency. Prevention of weight regain might be achievable by strategies relevant to reversing this leptin-insufficient state.
Abstract IA10: Molecular testing to personalized EGFR and ALK inhibitor therapies in lung cancer.
Authors: Ming Sound Tsao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The concept of “oncogene addiction” led to the realization that not all patients respond equally to each targeted therapy, and best therapeutic results are obtained when the therapy is given to patients whose tumor harbors the “driver mutation” that is sensitive to the drug. In lung cancer, two currently approved new therapies require patient selection based on the presence of sensitizing epidermal growth factor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutation or the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement. EGFR mutations occur almost always in lung cancer of adenocarcinoma histology, and uncommonly in other histologies except when they also contain adenocarcinoma component. They are more common in East Asian (~45%) compared to Caucasian (~15-25%) patients, in never/light smokers and in female patients. Ninety percent of EGFR sensitizing mutations involve the 3-5 amino acid deletions on exon 19 and the L858R mutation on exon 21. Although ALK rearrangement also occurs mainly in lung adenocarcinoma and never/light smokers, it is not associated with sex or ethnicity. A great majority of the ALK gene rearrangements that occur in lung cancer involve a fusion between the C-terminal of ALK containing the kinase domain and the N-terminal of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4), which results from an inversion on the short arm of chromosome 2. While EGFR mutations are detected by mainly by sequencing or PCR-based techniques, ALK rearrangement is best detected by the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). However, recent data suggest that the oncogenic ALK fusion proteins can be detected with close to 100% sensitivity and specificity in lung cancer by immunohistochemistry using commercially available ALK specific antibodies, while the native ALK protein is not expressed in normal lung cells. Based on a systematic review of the published literatures, experts representing the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), in collaboration with the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the Association of Molecular Pathologists (AMP) recently issued a guideline on Molecular Testing of EGFR and ALK in Lung Cancer. The testing algorithm reported in this guideline will be discussed. Citation Format: Ming Sound Tsao. Molecular testing to personalized EGFR and ALK inhibitor therapies in lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
Experimental hepatic necrosis: Studies on coagulation abnormalities, plasma clearance, and organ distribution of 125I-labelled fibrinogen
Authors: M. O. Rake, P. T. Flute, G. Pannell, K. B. Shilkin, R. Williams
Journal: Gut (1973)

Studies in the rat with hepatic necrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride showed that the abnormalities in one-stage coagulation tests and the increased catabolism of fibrinogen were similar to those found in man with acute viral or drug-induced hepatic necrosis. Determination of the distribution of the radioactive label shows that excessive deposition was maximal in the liver but also occurred in the spleen. The appearance is delayed by heparin but accelerated by tranexamic acid.
Altered lipid, apolipoprotein, and lipoprotein profiles in inflammatory bowel disease: consequences on the cholesterol efflux capacity of serum using Fu5AH cell system
Authors: Blanca Ripollés Piquer, Hassan Nazih, Arnaud Bourreille, Jean Pierre Segain, Jean Michel Huvelin, Jean-Paul Galmiche, Jean-Marie Bard
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Letter by Malyar et al Regarding Article, “Supervised Exercise Versus Primary Stenting for Claudication Resulting From Aortoiliac Peripheral Artery Disease: Six-Month Outcomes From the Claudication: Exercise Versus Endoluminal Revascularization (CLEVER) Study”
Authors: Nasser M. Malyar, Matthias Meyborg, Holger Reinecke
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Intracoronary shear-related up-regulation of platelet P-selectin and platelet-monocyte aggregation despite the use of aspirin and clopidogrel
Authors: Andy S. C. Yong, Gabrielle J. Pennings, Michael Chang, Afiqah Hamzah, Tommy Chung, Miao Qi, David Brieger, Masud Behnia, Steven A. Krilis, Martin K.C. Ng, Harry C. Lowe, Leonard Kritharides
Journal: Blood (2010)
Incidence of skin cancers in 3867 patients treated with narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy
Authors: R.M.R. Hearn, A.C. Kerr, K.F. Rahim, J. Ferguson, R.S. Dawe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy is a widely used treatment. Psoralen-UVA photochemotherapy (PUVA) increases skin cancer risk and some animal studies have raised the possibility of an increased risk with NB-UVB. The risk of skin cancer in humans following treatment with NB-UVB is unknown.This current analysis forms part of an ongoing study ultimately aiming to define the long-term carcinogenic risk of NB-UVB treatment in humans.Details of all patients receiving NB-UVB treatment until 31/12/2002 in Tayside, Scotland, were accessed from a treatment database and linked to the Scottish Cancer Registry. Indirect standardization was used to compare skin cancer incidence in the study population with age and sex matched cancer registry data for the Tayside population. We also assessed the effect of NB-UVB exposure treatment numbers on the risk of developing skin cancer.Of 4690 records reviewed, 4665 were suitable for analysis with 3886 records linked with the cancer registry and 3867 followed-up for at least 6 months before 31/12/02 (the date at which cancer registration was deemed to be complete). The median number of NB-UVB treatments was 29 with 352 patients receiving > or = 100 treatments. The study gave 24,753 person-years of follow up. First skin cancers recorded in study patients were 27 basal cell carcinomas (BCC), seven squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and six melanomas. No association was found between NB-UVB exposure alone (without PUVA) and any skin cancer. For NB-UVB and PUVA treated patients there was an association with BCC, with 27 BCCs found compared with 14.1 expected in the matched population.We found no significant association between NB-UVB treatment and BCC, SCC or melanoma. There was a small increase in BCCs amongst those also treated with PUVA. These reassuring results do not demonstrate the early increase in skin cancers that was found associated with PUVA treatment. However, cautious interpretation is required as the cohort contained relatively few patients who had a high treatment number and because the slow evolution of skin cancers may result in a delayed incidence peak. Ongoing risk assessment is therefore essential.