tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Retransplantation of scarce organs: the ethical lessons
Authors: J. M. Zinberg
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —I agree with Dr Ubel and colleagues 1 that transplant efficacy justifies revising the organ allocation system to direct more organs to primary transplant candidates instead of retransplant candidates. Unlike the authors, I believe Rawls' theory of justice 2 supports this course. Rawls proposes that people behind a veil of ignorance that obscures their current or future conditions will choose a just allocation of social goods. Rational, self-interested persons would want to maximize their chance of receiving a scarce, lifesaving resource (such as an organ transplant) should the need arise. They may be ignorant as to whether they will ever need a transplant, but it is common knowledge that transplantable organs are in short supply. Limiting the number of scarce organs any one person can receive would, as Ubel et al agree, maximize everyone's opportunity to receive a transplant. Rational planners would be willing to forgo potential retransplantation
The monocystic ovary syndrome.
Authors: J W Delahunt, R V Clements, I D Ramsay, J Newton, W P Collins, J Landon
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Three patients with oligomenorrhoea and hirsutism thought to have the polycystic ovary syndrome were found to have only one ovarian cyst. Endocrine findings were similar to those found in the polycystic syndrome, but apart from the single cyst the ovaries were histologically normal; a biopsy specimen of a cyst showed normal follicular appearances and no evidence of luteinisation. These cysts may be the cause of this condition, producing abnormal amounts of ovarian steroids which modify the pituitary response. Further studies are needed, however, to determine this possibility.
The Bradshaw Lecture on some New Vaso-Dilators: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London
Authors: J. B. Bradbury
Journal: BMJ (1895)

Before Ertyhrol Tetranitrate.T.N.20 min after tr..Erythrol Tetra-nitrate.TN 50 mlmn after I gr.Erythrol Tetra-nitrate TN I hrafter I gr.Erythrol Tetranitrate
Adrenergic blockade in hypertension
Authors: J. Metha
Journal: JAMA (1978)

HYPERTENSION with its sequelae is the second most common cause of death after atherosclerosis in the United States. A great deal of work has been done in the past decade to define the pathogenesis and to rationalize therapy for so-called essential hypertension. There is a suggestion that hyperactivity of the central and peripheral sympathetic nervous system either in response to stress or de novo leads to hypertension in some patients. A decline in blood pressure (BP) in hospitalized patients and during relaxation states (eg, meditation) lends support to this theory. Experimental application of epinephrine to hypothalamic or medullary receptors has resulted in sympathetic discharge and an increase in systemic BP. Some persons have been shown to have hyperdynamic circulation characterized by high plasma catecholamine levels, tachycardia, systemic hypertension, and high cardiac output in the early phase of hypertension. Long-standing hypertension increases the sodium content of the arteriolar wall and eventually
Development of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistulae in Children After Cavopulmonary Shunt
Authors: Harold S. Bernstein, Michael M. Brook, Norman H. Silverman, James Bristow
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The cavopulmonary shunt procedure is now used for palliation of complex congenital heart lesions in infants. While pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae (PAVF) are a well-known complication of this surgery in older patients, no study of the prevalence of this condition in children and young infants has been reported.We compared 29 patients with cavopulmonary shunts or total caval exclusion with 53 control subjects evaluated by contrast echocardiography at the University of California, San Francisco. The primary cardiac lesion, age at the time of surgery, type of right heart bypass procedure, provision of auxiliary pulmonary blood flow, and changes in oxygen saturation over time were compared. The prevalence of PAVF in children after cavopulmonary anastomosis is 60%, higher than previously reported. The prevalence is significantly higher in infants < 6 months old and in those with a heterotaxy syndrome. The provision of an additional source of pulsatile, pulmonary blood flow appears to have little effect on the development of PAVF. Patients who developed PAVF had arterial oxygen saturations at the time of discharge from surgery similar to those who did not develop them. Those with PAVF had significantly lower arterial and pulmonary venous oxygen saturations at follow-up as a result of their intrapulmonary shunt.Contrast echocardiography provides a sensitive method for the detection of PAVF. While the origins, natural history, and ultimate clinical significance of PAVF in children after cavopulmonary anastomosis are unclear, surveillance by contrast echocardiography is indicated for all patients who have had this procedure because PAVF may cause significant intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting in some patients.
Does genetic anticipation occur in familial rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: C Deighton, P Heslop, J McDonagh, D Walker, G Thomson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVE--To determine if there is evidence for genetic anticipation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by analysing the possibility that parental disease status and age at proband conception influence the age of onset and disease severity of the proband. METHOD--RA outpatients were identified and data were also taken from Newcastle multicase RA pedigrees. Comparisons of age of onset and parental age at proband conception were made for pedigrees grouped according to the disease status of the parents. Correlation coefficients and linear regression models were calculated for the age of RA onset in the probands. Measures of disease severity were compared in RA mother-proband pairs. RESULTS--The results were similar in both the outpatient (n = 153) and multicase pedigree (n = 15) samples. Significant results were confined to pedigrees in which the mother had RA (20 of the outpatient probands and seven of the multicase group). Probands in these sibships had a younger age of RA onset than their affected mothers (38.3 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 33.8 to 42.8) versus 53.7 (47.3 to 60.0) (p = 0.002) in the outpatient sample; 32.4 years (25.3 to 39.6) versus 43.4 years (29.0 to 57.9) (p = 0.1) in the multicase pedigrees). In the maternal RA group, both the maternal and paternal age at proband conception showed significant negative correlations (r = -0.65, p = 0.002 and r = -0.60, p = 0.005, respectively in the outpatient sample) and linear regression coefficients with age of proband disease onset. In seven affected mother-proband pairs, the probands had a tendency to more severe disease, despite shorter disease duration and younger age. CONCLUSIONS--This preliminary analysis has suggested that within pedigrees in which the mother has RA, the features of genetic anticipation and observations consistent with premutation models may prevail.
First experience with enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (Myfortic<sup>®</sup>) in severe recalcitrant adult atopic dermatitis: an open label study
Authors: S.G.A. van Velsen, I.M. Haeck, C.A.F.M. Bruijnzeel-Koomen, M.S. de Bruin-Weller
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Severe atopic dermatitis (AD) is often treated successfully with oral immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporin (CsA) or oral corticosteroids. However, some patients develop adverse effects or are unresponsive to these first-choice oral immunosuppressive drugs.To evaluate whether enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) is an effective treatment in patients with severe, recalcitrant AD.Ten patients with severe, recalcitrant AD were treated with EC-MPS 720 mg twice daily for 6 months. All patients had to discontinue other oral immunosuppressive drugs due to adverse effects (n = 8) or nonresponsiveness (n = 2). Disease activity was monitored using the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (modified SCORAD) index and the Leicester Sign Score (LSS). Additionally, the level of serum thymus and activation-regulated cytokine (TARC) was measured. During treatment, safety laboratory examination was performed. Total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) was followed during treatment. Use of topical corticosteroids was recorded before and during treatment.Compared with baseline, the mean scores for disease activity significantly decreased during treatment with EC-MPS [modified SCORAD (P = 0.04), LSS severity (P = 0.01), LSS extent (P = 0.01)]. In addition, serum TARC levels and total serum IgE levels significantly decreased after treatment compared with before (P = 0.03; P = 0.05). Disease activity decreased after approximately 2 months of treatment and stabilized during the 6-month treatment period. No differences in the amount of topical corticosteroids used in the 6 months prior to treatment compared with the 6-month treatment period were found (P = 0.4). None of the patients discontinued use of EC-MPS and only mild adverse effects were seen.In this study EC-MPS at a dose of 720 mg twice daily for 6 months has proven to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for patients with severe, recalcitrant AD.
Abstract No. 4 Many patients receiving high-dose phototherapy are not being reviewed
Authors: L. Mackintosh, C. Ashton, D. Bilsland
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Abstract No. 4 Many patients receiving high‐dose phototherapy are not being reviewed Get access L. Mackintosh, L. Mackintosh Department of Dermatology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Ashton, C. Ashton Department of Dermatology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Bilsland D. Bilsland Department of Dermatology, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 4, 1 October 2006, Page 867, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07477_4.x Published: 01 October 2006
Oral adverse effects for escitalopram (Cipralex<sup>�</sup>)
Authors: D.J. Aframian
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Adverse drug reactions manifest in the orofacial region in a number of ways including pigmentation of the soft and/or hard tissues, mucosal eruptions mimicking lichen planus (lichenoid eruption, lichen planus‐like) and lupus erythematosus, and lesions may also resemble vesiculo‐ulcerative conditions such as pemphigus vulgaris or mucous membrane pemphigoid.1 Here I present a case of a young woman treated with escitalopram who developed a dark lip pigmentation as well as a lichenoid reaction on the buccal mucosa. Five months after cessation of the drug, the oral and perioral lesions resolved. A 24‐year‐old caucasian female initially attended the Oral Medicine Clinic of the Hebrew University Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, in June 2005 with a complaint of pigmentation of her lower lip as well as an uncomfortable sensation in her mouth. The patient had taken escitalopram for 4 months due to mild depression and further stated that the lip lesion developed approximately 1 month after initiation of drug therapy; the burning or uncomfortable sensation followed 1 month later. The patient started taking Harmonet® (20 μg ethinyl estradiol + 75 μg gestodene, a low‐dose oral contraceptive) 2 months prior to presentation noting that the oral lesions were already present. The patient reported no tobacco use and no known allergies to foods or medications and no use of any other drugs—such as tetracycline, chlorhexidine, antimalarial or chemotherapeutic agents—that might induce oral pigmentation. Furthermore, no dental treatment including amalgam restorations were performed during the previous year.
Informing Physicians About Promising New Treatments for Severe Disease
Authors: Phillip A. Hertzman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  In addition to its relevance regarding treatment, the article by Drs Steinbrook and Lo 1 is timely in regard to the issue of the dissemination of other medical intelligence to physicians. The spread of information after the recent discovery of the association between tryptophan use and the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome is illustrative. After our initial report to the Centers for Disease Control and the New Mexico Department of Health and Environment on October 26, 1989, an article headlined Three N.M. Women Contract Unusual Medical Syndrome appeared in the Albuquerque Journal on November 7, 1989. Word quickly spread across the nation by means of newspaper reports. On November 11, 1989, after 55 cases had been reported in nine states, the Food and Drug Administration warned consumers temporarily to stop using tryptophan; on November 14, 1989, New Mexico banned the sale of the substance. Although a report 2 appeared
Bioengineered Cardiac Grafts : A New Approach to Repair the Infarcted Myocardium?
Authors: J. Leor, S. Aboulafia-Etzion, A. Dar, L. Shapiro, I. M. Barbash, A. Battler, Y. Granot, S. Cohen
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The myocardium is unable to regenerate because cardiomyocytes cannot replicate after injury. The heart is therefore an attractive target for tissue engineering to replace infarcted myocardium and enhance cardiac function. We tested the feasibility of bioengineering cardiac tissue within novel 3-dimensional (3D) scaffolds.We isolated and grew fetal cardiac cells within 3D porous alginate scaffolds. The cell constructs were cultured for 4 days to evaluate viability and morphology before implantation. Light microscopy revealed that within 2 to 3 days in culture, the dissociated cardiac cells form distinctive, multicellular contracting aggregates within the scaffold pores. Seven days after myocardial infarction, rats were randomized to biograft implantation (n=6) or sham-operation (n=6) into the myocardial scar. Echocardiography study was performed before and 65+/-5 days after implantation to assess left ventricular (LV) remodeling and function. Hearts were harvested 9 weeks after implantation. Visual examination of the biograft revealed intensive neovascularization from the neighboring coronary network. Histological examination revealed the presence of myofibers embedded in collagen fibers and a large number of blood vessels. The specimens showed almost complete disappearance of the scaffold and good integration into the host. Although control animals developed significant LV dilatation accompanied by progressive deterioration in LV contractility, in the biograft-treated rats, attenuation of LV dilatation and no change in LV contractility were observed.Alginate scaffolds provide a conducive environment to facilitate the 3D culturing of cardiac cells. After implantation into the infarcted myocardium, the biografts stimulated intense neovascularization and attenuated LV dilatation and failure in experimental rats compared with controls. This strategy can be used for regeneration and healing of the infarcted myocardium.
Abstract 2129: Effects of talactoferrin on lung adenoma prevention in A/J mice
Authors: Donna Seabloom, Arthur Galbraith, Anna Haynes, Jenny Antonides, Alisha Fujita, Beverly R. Wuertz, Vernon Steele, Frank Ondrey, Lee Wattenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Talactoferrin is a promising non-toxic solid tumor cancer agent which has met with some success in the treatment of early stage lung cancer clinically in humans. It is well tolerated and early phase clinical trials with this agent demonstrated efficacy and immune stimulation as an oral dendritic cell-mediated immunotherapy agent. We felt the nature of this agent would be suitable in the chemoprevention setting in experimental lung carcinogenesis in a B[A]P mouse model. We utilized 120 seven week old female A/J mice. All groups received Benzo[a]pyrene by oral gavage in three doses of 3mg/kg body weight over the course of one week. Animals were then randomized into 5 groups of 24 mice per group based on weight. Experimental diets, talactoferrin (Agennix Inc., Indianapolis, IN) at 1.40 and 0.42% of diet, were started one week or eight weeks after last dose of B[a]P. Animals were continued on the feeding schedule, weighed weekly, and monitored for weight loss, attenuation, rough hair coat, or other signs of ill health. The study was concluded 16 weeks after administration of B[a]P. The agent was well tolerated for the duration of the experiment and there was no observable toxicity. The average number of adenomas per animal was 14.04 ± 0.9315 (N=24) in the control group, 18.14 ± 1.448 (N=22) in the early low dose group, 16.70 ± 1.295 (N=23) in the late low dose group, 15.09 ± 1.408 (N=23) in the early high dose group and 14.46 ± 1.213 (N=24) in the late high dose group. We conclude talactoferrin is well tolerated in the A/J mouse model. We also conclude talactoferrin did not inhibit carcinogenesis in A/J mice at a dose range of 420mg/kg/day to 1400mg/kg/day. Citation Format: Donna Seabloom, Arthur Galbraith, Anna Haynes, Jenny Antonides, Alisha Fujita, Beverly R. Wuertz, Vernon Steele, Frank Ondrey, Lee Wattenberg. Effects of talactoferrin on lung adenoma prevention in A/J mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2129. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2129
Typhoid Fever Caused by Chloramphenicol-Resistant Organisms
Authors: Ruth M. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Salmonella typhi resistant to chloramphenicol, streptomycin sulfate, tetracycline, and sulfonamides were isolated from blood and fecal specimens of a patient who had recently travelled to Mexico. Such multiple drug resistances are characteristic of S typhi epidemic in Mexico and are identical with patterns in strains of Shigella species also prevalent in Latin America; episomal transfer of resistance has been postulated.  By incubation of mixed cultures, multiple drug resistance was transferred from our patient's S typhi culture to a susceptible strain of Escherichia coli , and then to another susceptible strain of S typhi , and to S typhimurium . Awareness of the occurrence of such resistant strains of S typhi is important because chloramphenicol, the usual drug of choice, will be ineffective. Moreover, the case of transfer of resistance among typhoidal, other salmonellal and coliform bacilli in vitro should alert physicians to the possibility of spread of such resistance.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Significance of Certain Symptoms and Physical Signs in Anaemic Patients
Authors: A. A. Dawson, D. Ogston, H. W. Fullerton
Journal: BMJ (1969)

In a study of 133 anaemic and 111 non-anaemic hospital patients pallor of recent onset was the only symptom which was significantly associated with the severity of the anaemia. Dizziness in acute blood loss anaemia, and anorexia and painful tongue in vitamin-B(12) deficiency, were the only symptoms which might be helpful in diagnosing the type of anaemia. The frequency of glossitis in patients with megaloblastosis was confirmed, but neither glossitis nor nail changes were significantly more common in patients with iron-deficiency anaemia than in the control patients.
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels as drug targets for diseases of the digestive system
Authors: Peter Holzer
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2011)

Approximately 20 of the 30 mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channel subunits are expressed by specific neurons and cells within the alimentary canal. They subserve important roles in taste, chemesthesis, mechanosensation, pain and hyperalgesia and contribute to the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, absorptive and secretory processes, blood flow, and mucosal homeostasis. In a cellular perspective, TRP channels operate either as primary detectors of chemical and physical stimuli, as secondary transducers of ionotropic or metabotropic receptors, or as ion transport channels. The polymodal sensory function of TRPA1, TRPM5, TRPM8, TRPP2, TRPV1, TRPV3 and TRPV4 enables the digestive system to survey its physical and chemical environment, which is relevant to all processes of digestion. TRPV5 and TRPV6 as well as TRPM6 and TRPM7 contribute to the absorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively. TRPM7 participates in intestinal pacemaker activity, and TRPC4 transduces muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation to smooth muscle contraction. Changes in TRP channel expression or function are associated with a variety of diseases/disorders of the digestive system, notably gastro-esophageal reflux disease, inflammatory bowel disease, pain and hyperalgesia in heartburn, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, cholera, hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, esophageal, gastrointestinal and pancreatic cancer, and polycystic liver disease. These implications identify TRP channels as promising drug targets for the management of a number of gastrointestinal pathologies. As a result, major efforts are put into the development of selective TRP channel agonists and antagonists and the assessment of their therapeutic potential.
SPIROCHETES IN ACUTE LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA AND IN CHRONIC BENIGN LYMPHOMATOSIS (HODGKIN'S DISEASE).SECOND COMMUNICATION.
Authors: WILLIAM CHARLES WHITE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In connection with a former communication<sup>1</sup>on spirochetes in Hodgkin's disease, we wish to report two further cases in which spirochetes were found during life. <h3>Case 1.—History.</h3> —The first case presented the picture of acute lymphatic leukemia. The patient had been sick about six weeks. He entered the hospital Wednesday, August 28, and was seen by Dr. Pröscher in the hospital on the morning of this day. <h3>Examination.</h3> —On examination he appeared very anemic and cachectic. The lymph glands over the whole body were swollen, soft and discrete. The lymph glands in the inguinal and crural region were the most enlarged, but those in the cervical and axillary regions were also very large and easily palpable. Glands behind the ear and in the cubital region were enlarged also and distinctly felt. The patient had had profuse hemorrhages from the mouth for five weeks. He had been always healthy up
β<sub>2</sub>-Agonist Tolerance and Exercise-induced Bronchospasm
Authors: Robert J. Hancox, Padmaja Subbarao, Dennis Kamada, Richard M. Watson, Fredrick E. Hargreave, Mark D. Inman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The effect of regular inhaled beta-agonist on the treatment of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction was studied. Eight subjects with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction took 1 week each of salbutamol 200 microg qid or placebo in a random-order, double-blind, crossover study. They then withheld this treatment for 8 hours before performing a dry-air, sub-maximal exercise challenge at a work-rate previously shown to induce a 15% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Five minutes after exercise, they inhaled salbutamol 100, 100, and 200 microg at 5-minute intervals. The mean pre-exercise FEV1 was similar on both study days. However, pretreatment for 1 week with salbutamol led to a significantly greater fall in FEV1 after exercise. The FEV1 remained lower than during the placebo arm despite the administration of salbutamol after exercise. This difference persisted 25 minutes after exercise. It is concluded that regular beta-agonist treatment leads to increased exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and a suboptimal bronchodilator response to beta-agonist. The data suggest that previous regular beta-agonist treatment may lead to a failure to respond to emergency bronchodilator treatment during an acute asthma attack and support current opinion that regular short-acting beta-agonist therapy should not be used to treat asthma.