tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A human Ro/SS-A autoantigen is the homologue of calreticulin and is highly homologous with onchocercal RAL-1 antigen and an aplysia "memory molecule".
Authors: D P McCauliffe, E Zappi, T S Lieu, M Michalak, R D Sontheimer, J D Capra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The Ro/SS-A (Ro) autoantigens consist of at least four immunologically distinct proteins which are recognized by autoantibodies typically found in sera from patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome and in subsets of patients with lupus erythematosus. We recently isolated a 1.9-kb human cDNA clone which encodes one of these Ro autoantigens. Synthetic oligonucleotides corresponding to the human Ro sequence were used to amplify the homologous gene from a murine B cell cDNA library using the polymerase chain reaction. The mouse cDNA-encoded amino acid sequence was found to be 94% homologous to the human Ro sequence and is 100% homologous to murine calreticulin, a high affinity calcium-binding protein which resides in the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The amino acid sequence of rabbit calreticulin is 92% homologous to both murine calreticulin and human Ro. Onchocerca volvulus and Drosophila melanogaster also have molecules that are highly homologous to human Ro. In addition, human Ro has a molecular mass, isoelectric point, and significant amino acid sequence similar to the Aplysia californica snail neuronal protein 407. These homologies suggest that this Ro protein has a very basic cellular function(s) which may in part involve calcium binding.
Anthropometric Facial Proportions in Medicine
Authors: Richard Carlton Schultz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Quantification of facial normality and beauty has always been an ambitious and elusive undertaking. This book has attempted to do so by an extensive, highly technical study of face and head measurements according to sex, ethnic origin, and age. Various indices have been established relating facial proportions subdivided by facial regions. Measurements are further classified by increasing and decreasing indices and by significantly differing and nonsignificantly differing indices. These indices are numerical expressions of facial proportions and are different from the frequently cited cephalometric angles. Although these indices are described as the simplest indicators of changes in the relationships among measurements, their interpretation often proves to be a difficult and elusive task. Canons of facial proportion were formulated by scholars and artists during the Renaissance and were based on the relationships among regions of the face and head established by the great Greek sculptures of antiquity. These neoclassic canons were
First High Court judgment on sex abuse in Cleveland.
Authors: C Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A case is reported in which the presence of endocardial pacemaker catheter electrodes provoked an unusual reaction—an adhesive endocarditis. Two pacemaker catheters were in the right ventricle during the last nine months of life. The normal reaction to these foreign bodies of fibrin deposition and endothelialization was intensified so that the first catheter could not be removed after 17 days. Because one catheter was introduced from the left side of the neck, it lay in a commissure of the tricuspid valve to which it was firmly adherent. This constitutes a potential hazard if the removal of the catheter is forcibly attempted, although it does not interfere with the function of the tricuspid valve. Despite this, thrombosis was absent and generally is not a problem with modern materials.
Slow intestinal transit: A motor disorder contributing to cholesterol gallstone formation in the ground squirrel
Authors: Q Xu, R B Scott, D T Tan, E A Shaffer
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Impaired gallbladder motility is an established factor in cholesterol gallstone formation. We assessed whether altered small intestinal smooth muscle contractility with slow transit might potentiate gallstone formation by further impeding enterohepatic cycling of bile acids. Ground squirrels were fed a 1% or a trace (controls) cholesterol diet. Small intestinal transit was evaluated from 51Cr distribution in conscious, fasted animals 20 minutes after infusion into the proximal jejunum. Small intestinal and gallbladder smooth muscle contractility was determined in vitro . Biliary lipid secretion was measured from the cannulated common duct and the bile salt pool size calculated by isotope dilution. Gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) assessed bile salt profile. In animals on the 1% cholesterol diet, aboral transit was significantly delayed, the maximal contractile response to bethanechol was markedly increased ( P &lt;.05) with no change in median effective concentration in either circular or longitudinal muscle strips from both the jejunum and ileum, and the gallbladder contractile responses to bethanechol and cholecystokinin (CCK) were decreased. Cholesterol saturation index and the fraction of deoxycholic acid in the pool doubled, whereas the total bile salt pool size remained unchanged in cholesterol–fed animals. In this model, a high–cholesterol diet is associated with altered small intestinal smooth muscle contractility and prolonged small intestinal transit, in addition to diminished gallbladder contractility. The resulting sluggish enterohepatic cycling of bile salts, associated with expanded deoxycholate pool, contributes to cholesterol gallstone formation.
Letter: Meeting the need for doctors.
Authors: T S Kelly, S D Weller
Journal: BMJ (1974)

were found in one family and one more (in a girl of 15) in the other family.The parents did not consider there was anything wrong with the child, but both the girls complained of low backache and vague limb pains for which they had been taking aspirin tablets.Serum calcium and phosphate levels were within the normal range but all had markedly raised serum alkaline phosphatase levels.Rickets during rapid pubertal growth has al,o been freauently reDortedl 2 in Asian immigrants, especially in young girls.In ad- dition to the language problems the custo- mary seclusion of young girls in Pakistani families put them at additional risk of missed diagnosis till the appearance of deformities of the legs and pelvis or perhaps even later.A case, I think, therefore exists for the routine screening of young immigrant girls for rickets before leaving school and also for the screening of other children in the family when a case of rickets is found.There may be a genetic predisposition to rickets.-
Delivery and distribution of aerosolized cyclosporine in lung allograft recipients.
Authors: T G O'Riordan, A Iacono, R J Keenan, S R Duncan, G J Burckart, B P Griffith, G C Smaldone
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The aim of the present study was to identify factors determining the delivery to and distribution of aerosolized cyclosporine A (CSA) in the lungs of patients with severe pulmonary allograft rejection. Five such patients inhaled a previously characterized radioaerosol consisting of 4 to 6 cc of CSA (50 mg/ml) in ethanol mixed with technetium-99m (99mTc) bound to human serum albumin, generated by an AeroTech II nebulizer. The total dose of CSA depositing in the lungs was determined with a previously described inspiratory/expiratory mass-balance filter technique. Regional distribution of drug within the lungs was measured using a gamma camera. In addition, the following physiologic parameters were measured: regional volume and ventilation using xenon-133 (133Xe) equilibrium and 133Xe washout, respectively, and regional perfusion using intravenous 99mTc macroaggregates. The relationships between these parameters and regional drug deposition were assessed using linear regression analysis. The lung dose ranged from 20 to 53 mg (0.097 to 0.175 mg CSA deposited per milligram placed in nebulizer). In recipients of single-lung allografts, preferential drug deposition occurred either in the allograft (two patients) or in the native lung (one patient). Marked nonuniformities in regional distribution were also apparent in two double-lung allograft recipients. There was a weak but statistically significant correlation between regional drug deposition and regional ventilation, as measured by 133Xe washout (r = -0.542, p = 0.014), suggesting that although regional ventilation is important, it is not the only factor determining regional deposition in these patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
748 EFFICACY OF STANDARD OF CARE THERAPY FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTAL DEBIO 025 TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: R. Flisiak, M. Woynarowski, M. Jablkowski, W. Halota, W. Kryczka, A. Horban, A. Czauz-Andrzejuk, J. Bialkowska, M. Pawlowska, D. Zarebska-Michaluk, J. Kierkus, R. Crabbé, J. Liz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Remission in IDDM: Prospective Study of Basal C-Peptide and Insulin Dose in 268 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Tove Agner, Peter Damm, C Binder
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

To elucidate beta-cell function, insulin requirement, and remission period in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), a study was undertaken comprising 268 patients consecutively admitted to Steno Memorial Hospital with newly diagnosed IDDM. The patients were characterized by sex, age, and seasonal variation at onset of diabetes mellitus. During the first 36 mo of the disease, an evaluation was performed for basal C-peptide, HbA1c, and insulin dose per kilogram. Total remission was interpreted as complete discontinuation of insulin therapy for at least 1 wk while still metabolically well controlled, and partial remission was interpreted as an insulin need that was less than or equal to 50% of the insulin dose at discharge from the hospital. During the first 18 mo of the disease, 12.3% of the patients entered total remission (median 6 mo), and 18.3% of the patients entered partial remission (median 6 mo). Patients entering remission had significantly higher basal C-peptide levels than those who did not. Sex, age, and initial HbA1c levels did not influence the frequency of remission.
The Persisting Osler II: Selected Transactions of the American Osler Society 1981-1990
Authors: Gerald Tremblay
Journal: JAMA (1995)

William Osler was cremated—most of him anyway. His brain was spared because he had bequeathed it to the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia before his death. Most of the time, Osler's brain reposes quietly in a huge jar of formalin, sliced and cushioned between layers of cotton. The brain had been carried to the Wistar Institute from Oxford after Sir William's death and autopsy in 1919. It was subsequently much studied, perhaps in the hope of finding the anatomical basis for Osler's greatness. Grossly it is normal for a 70-year-old. In 1959 neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield borrowed it from Wistar and took it to the Neurological Institute in Montreal, where histologic sections were taken. They were normal. Despite its gross and microscopic banality, Osler's brain was special, judging from the fruits of its long labors. Osler's many interests and lasting impact on medicine are reflected in the activities of the American Osler
Abstract 2885: Urokinase plasminogen activator system targeted delivery of arsenic trioxide loaded nanobins as a novel ovarian cancer therapeutic
Authors: Yilin Zhang, Elden P. Swindell, Richard W. Ahn, Anirban Mitra, Andrew P. Mazar, Thomas V. O'Halloran, Hilary A. Kenny, Ernst Lengyel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract That the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) system is constitutively expressed in primary and metastatic ovarian cancer regardless of grade or stage, while it is only weakly expressed in normal tissues, identifies it as a possible therapeutic target. Taking advantage of the tumor-specific expression of uPAR, a nanoscale liposome (nanobin, NB) was coupled with an antibody (ATN 291) against the uPAR ligand, uPA, to facilitate receptor-mediated, targeted drug delivery. The nanobin was loaded with arsenic trioxide (As2O3, in short As), since our previous results had demonstrated effective tumor uptake and induction of tumor cell apoptosis using As loaded nanobins in an orthotropic model of human triple negative breast cancer. We hypothesized that the ATN 291-conjugated nanobin (NB-uPA Ab) would allow specific cellular internalization and increase the therapeutic index of As in ovarian cancer cells. Using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, we measured the cellular uptake of NB(Calcein)-uPA antibody (Ab) in HeyA8, ovarian cancer cells. The data showed a dose-dependent pattern of internalization with maximum internalization at 24 hours. Furthermore, NB-uPA Ab showed elevated cellular uptake when compared to non-targeted NB. More importantly, delivery of the targeted nanobins is uPA/uPAR dependent. High doses of ATN-291 or scuPA inhibited the cellular binding of NB-uPA Ab to HeyA8 cells. Moreover, down-regulation of uPAR expression via RNA interference in ovarian cancer cells inhibited the cellular uptake of the NB-uPA Ab. The cell viability of HeyA8 cells was significantly reduced following treatment of both non-targeted NB(As) and NB(As)-uPA Ab when compared to empty NB treatment as determined by a cytotoxicity assay. However, the cytotoxicity of NB(As)-uPA Ab is 2.1-fold more potent than the non-targeted NB(As). Taken together, these data indicate that the uPA Ab conjugated nanobins improved drug delivery and enhanced the anti-cancer effects of As, demonstrating the utility of targeting the uPA/uPAR system in ovarian cancer chemotherapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2885. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2885
THE PRACTICAL VALUE OF A MEDICAL EDUCATION TO THE STUDENT OF DENTISTRY.
Authors: WARREN BROWN HILL
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Much has been said as to the necessity of a broad educational foundation for dental students from a theoretic or scientific point of view. That an educational superstructure can be raised only to a height correlative to the breadth of its scientific foundation will be gainsaid by none; but I would speak of the value of a broad medical education in the everyday practice of the student of dentistry when he has taken upon himself his life-work as a practitioner. There exists too broad a gap between the practice of medicine and dentistry; a field of practice uncultivated by either doctor or dentist; one which can not be reached by either so long as present conditions remain. The doctor fails to recognize the mouth as a cavity in which neural irritations, productive of remote manifestations are developed, but treatsitrather as a cavity for dentists to work in. The infection of
"n of 1" trials
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers investigated whether paracetamol was as effective as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of pain and disability related to osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. A series of double blind, randomised “n of 1” controlled trials was performed. Each drug was taken for two weeks, administered for a maximum of five cycles. Thirteen patients in primary care who had regularly been using NSAIDS were selected. Patients received the same type of NSAID and in the same dosage, if possible, as they were taking before the start of the study. Outcome measures included severity of complaints of pain, stiffness, and limitations in daily functioning, together with satisfaction with drugs and side effects.1

Seven patients completed the study, and it was recommended that six of these change to paracetamol. All the other patients continued with NSAIDs. Three months after the study finished, of the six patients for whom a change to paracetamol was recommended, four were taking NSAIDs for practical reasons or because of a perceived lack of efficacy of paracetamol. The authors concluded that n of 1 trials can be used to investigate the …
Skills test discriminates against non-white GP trainees, court hears
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Ancestry deconvolution is the task of identifying the ancestral origins of chromosomal segments of admixed individuals. It has important applications, from mapping disease genes to identifying loci potentially under natural selection. However, most existing methods are limited to a small number of ancestral populations and are unsuitable for large-scale applications. In this article, we describe Ancestry Composition, a modular pipeline for accurate and efficient ancestry deconvolution. In the first stage, a string-kernel support-vector-machines classifier assigns provisional ancestry labels to short statistically phased genomic segments. In the second stage, an autoregressive pair hidden Markov model corrects phasing errors, smooths local ancestry estimates, and computes confidence scores. Using publicly available datasets and more than 12,000 individuals from the customer database of the personal genetics company, 23andMe, Inc., we have constructed a reference panel containing more than 14,000 unrelated individuals of unadmixed ancestry. We used principal components analysis (PCA) and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) to identify genetic clusters and define 45 distinct reference populations upon which to train our method. In cross-validation experiments, Ancestry Composition achieves high precision and recall.
Occupational and Environmental Cancers of the Respiratory System
Authors: R. M. Mulligan
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This comprehensive work by an author well known in the field of occupational cancer contains 155 pages of text and more than 50 pages of references, indicating how exhaustive is the survey. The epidemiology of respiratory carcinogens is well covered with relation to the nasal sinuses, larynx, and lungs. The enormous variety of possible carcinogenic agents includes dust, silica, tobacco, arsenic, asbestos, chromium, nickel, iron, beryllium, mustard gas, isopropyl oil, coal tar and products, petroleum and products, ionizing radiation (especially in all phases of the uranium industry), and miscellaneous respiratory carcinogens. Several interesting points touched upon are compilation of cases of lung cancer with arsenic exposure, documentation of cases of mesothelioma of pleura and peritoneum in asbestosis, and parallelism between lung cancer and amount of chromium ore produced since 1900, with precipitous rise in both, and with squamous cell and undifferentiated carcinomas as the common types (as also observed with
Spiking of the tibial tubercles--a radiological feature of osteoarthritis?
Authors: S Donnelly, D J Hart, D V Doyle, T D Spector
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether 9spiking9 or angulation of the tibial tubercle is associated with other radiographic markers of osteoarthritis (OA) or pain in the knee joint, and could be taken as a reliable marker for early OA, in a large general population sample. METHODS: A total of 950 women from the Chingford general population survey underwent anteroposterior extended weight bearing radiography of the knees. Angulation of the tip of the medial and lateral tubercles, and height of the tubercles above the tibial plateau were measured. These measures were compared with standard radiographic indices including qualitative Kellgren and Lawrence global score, individual scores of osteophytes and joint space narrowing, and pain score. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility for assessment of spiking was tested in a subgroup of 50 films using two observers and two readings. Tibial spiking (angulation and height) was defined for this study as the top 10th centile for the whole population. Patients with normal radiographs (Kellgren and Lawrence grade 0) were allocated to quartile groups on the basis of spiking to define severity. Odds ratios were then calculated for the association of spiking and knee pain. RESULTS: The majority of the measures of tibial spiking were highly reproducible. There was a significant correlation between tibial spike angulation and the presence of osteophytes, but not joint space narrowing. The correlations for spike height with osteophytes and joint space narrowing were poor. There was an association between spike angulation at the lateral tubercle and reported knee pain (odds ratio 1.45 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 2.03)) after adjustment for age, body mass index, and Kellgren and Lawrence score. There was no association between medial spike angulation or spike height and pain. Among the 950 women, 683 (72%) had normal radiographs (Kellgren and Lawrence = 0); in this group there was a similar association between pain and lateral spike angulation, but not medial spike angulation or spike height. CONCLUSIONS: Tibial spiking is associated with the presence of knee osteophytes and is reproducible, but does not have a strong independent relationship with knee pain. In patients with normal radiographs there is no useful correlation between tibial spiking and pain. Isolated tibial spiking is not a reliable sign of early knee OA, and should not routinely be reported.
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 is an autocrine and paracrine survival factor, with additional immune-regulatory functions, expressed by Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells
Authors: Elisabeth Oelmann, Hermann Herbst, Michael Zühlsdorf, Oliver Albrecht, Annette Nolte, Christiane Schmitmann, Oliver Manzke, Volker Diehl, Harald Stein, Wolfgang E. Berdel
Journal: Blood (2002)
Reduction in Severity and Extent of Myocardial Infarction When Nitroglycerin and Methoxamine are Administered during Coronary Occlusion
Authors: JOHN W. HIRSHFELD, JEFFREY S. BORER, ROBERT E. GOLDSTEIN, MICHAEL J. BARRETT, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The effects of treatment with nitroglycerin (TNG) and methoxamine on the degree of ischemic injury occurring during 5 hours of coronary occlusion were studied in 31 closed-chest sedated dogs. Acute coronary occlusion was produced by inflating a cuff previously implanted around the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 10 min of ischemia (assessed by intramyocardial electrodes), dogs were randomized into control and treated groups. Treated dogs received i.v. TNG during the remainder of the 5 hour occlusion. Arterial pressure was maintained at preinfusion levels with i.v. methoxamine. Six of 16 control dogs died; three of 15 treated dogs died. After 24 hours severity of infarct was assessed in survivors by gross inspection, and more quantitatively, by measurement of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) content of myocardium adjacent to each electrode. Transmural infarction was observed in all of the ten surviving control animals but in only two of the 12 treated animals. In control dogs, CPK was inversely related to ST segment elevation observed after 10 min of occlusion: the greater the ST elevation, the lower the myocardial CPK level. This relation was modified in the treated group: at comparable initial levels of ischemia (as judged by ST segment elevation prior to treatment), treated dogs had significantly less CPK depression than control dogs ( P &lt; 0.025). Moreover, in controls, a significant reduction in CPK occurred at 48 of 57 electrode sites where ST elevation was observed after 10 min of occlusion. Only 19 of 69 such sites showed significant CPK reduction in the treated dogs ( P &lt; 0.001). Thus, administration of TNG, with support of arterial pressure by methoxamine, markedly reduces the severity and extent of infarction occurring after 5 hours of coronary occlusion in the dog.
Short stature and diabetic nephropathy
Authors: N. Chaturvedi, J. Fuller, J. Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Rossing and colleagues conclude that short stature is related to the development of diabetic nephropathy in men and speculate that influences in early life could account for their findings.1 This interpretation is based on the assumption that adult height is determined solely by factors operating in utero or early life. But height is also related to parental social class2 and has been used as a proxy for …