tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infectious Mononucleosis, Childhood Social Environment, and Risk of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Henrik Hjalgrim, Karin Ekström Smedby, Klaus Rostgaard, Daniel Molin, Stephen Hamilton-Dutoit, Ellen T. Chang, Elisabeth Ralfkiaer, Christer Sundström, Hans-Olov Adami, Bengt Glimelius, Mads Melbye
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) has been associated with an increased risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), implicating a role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in HL development. Although essential to the understanding of the association, it has remained uncertain if the relationship is restricted to the EBV-positive subset of HL. We collected information on mononucleosis history and childhood socioenvironmental characteristics in a population-based study of 586 patients with classic HL and 3,187 controls in Denmark and Sweden. Tumor EBV status was established for 499 cases by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. Odds ratios (OR) for the relationship between HL risk and mononucleosis and other risk factors were estimated by logistic regression for HL in younger (18-44 years) and older (45-74 years) adults, overall and by tumor EBV status. All analyses were adjusted for country-specific measures of maternal education and mononucleosis history. IM was associated with an increased risk of EBV-positive [OR, 3.23; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.89-5.55] but not EBV-negative HL (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.86-2.14). Risk of EBV-positive HL varied with time since IM and was particularly pronounced in younger adults (OR, 3.96; 95% CI, 2.19-7.18). IM-associated lymphomas occurred with a median of 2.9 years (1.8-4.9 years) after infection. The EBV specificity of the IM association was corroborated by a case-case comparison of IM history between younger adult EBV-positive and EBV-negative HL patients (OR(IM EBV+ HL versus EBV- HL), 2.68; 95% CI, 1.40-5.12). We found further evidence that IM is associated only with EBV-positive HL. This finding is compatible with the notion that EBV-positive and EBV-negative HL may have different etiologies.
New analysis pinpoints ethnic differences in cancer incidence in England
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Black and Asian people in England are significantly less likely to develop cancer overall than white people, finds the first comprehensive national analysis of cancer incidence by ethnicity.

But Black and Asian people are particularly vulnerable to certain cancers, such as those of the stomach and prostate, and in some cases are likely to have poorer survival than their white counterparts, the findings show.

The analysis is published by the National Cancer Intelligence Network in collaboration with the charity Cancer Research UK and brings together data on all new cases of cancer diagnosed in England between 2002 and 2006.

The network was set up in 2008 to …
Prevention and Control of Influenza by Chemoprophylaxis and Chemotherapy
Authors: George Gee Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC drugs to prevent and treat influenza would be of only academic interest if safe vaccines were always available, produced lasting or reasonably persistent immunity, and were used effectively. At present, neither the goals nor extent of use of immunoprophylaxis for influenza is adequate to produce any "herd immunity" or substantially interrupt virus transmission. Available vaccines induce a rise in serum antibody in approximately 85% of vaccinees, but produce respiratory secretory antibody in only a small percentage. Protection against influenza in the same year occurs in about 70% of vaccinees. When a major new antigenic strain of influenza virus appears, less vaccine is available, two or more injections may be required, and the production of immunity is less. The duration of immunity following killed-virus vaccines is limited to a few years, and there is uneasiness among biologists about the advisability of using defective live virus preparations that might produce latent
Guidelines for resuscitation and transfer of patients with serious head injury.
Authors: D Gentleman, M Dearden, S Midgley, D Maclean
Journal: BMJ (1993)

a , 60 160 Cerebral perfusion pressure (mm Hg) FIG 2-Cerebral autoregulation-(top) normal: constant cerebral bloodflow within wide limits ofcerebral perfusion pressure; (bottom) impaired autoregulation after serious head injury: "pressure passive" cerebral bloodflow supervision of experienced doctors.If not immediately available, they should be summoned promptly to the resuscitation room.Assessment and resuscitation must proceed accord- ing to the principles of life support, following the order
Chest X-Ray Film Not Needed During Antituberculosis Chemoprophylaxis
Authors: William C. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Among those given isoniazid (INH) chemoprophylaxis are many persons who have no lung disease but who are, nonetheless, at great risk from pulmonary tuberculosis. They are close contacts of newly discovered cases of tuberculosis, persons known to have recently become tuberculous infected (converted from negative to positive tuberculin reaction), and tuberculin reactors through the age of 20 years. 1 Many are children; some are women of childbearing age. Their exposure to ionizing radiation, even to the small dosages associated with chest roentgenograms, should be commensurate with the results achieved. 2 We conducted the following study to determine whether these tuberculin-positive persons need periodic chest roentgenograms while they take prophylactic treatment with INH.  Material and Methods.—  The population studied (Fig 1 and 2) consisted of 552 men, women, and children who had no evidence of lung disease when they accepted antituberculosis chemoprophylaxis at the New Orleans Tuberculosis Clinic
P311 induces a TGF-β1–independent, nonfibrogenic myofibroblast phenotype
Authors: Desi Pan, Xiaoning Zhe, Sandhya Jakkaraju, Gregory A. Taylor, Lucia Schuger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

P311, also called PTZ17, was identified by suppressive subtraction hybridization as potentially involved in smooth muscle (SM) myogenesis. P311 is an 8-kDa protein with several PEST-like motifs found in neurons and muscle. P311 transfection into two fibroblast cell lines, NIH 3T3 and C3H10 T1/2, induced phenotypic changes consistent with myofibroblast transformation, including upregulation of SM α−actin and SM22, induction of FGF-2, VEGF, PDGF, and PDGF receptors, upregulation of integrins α3 and α5, and increased proliferation rate. The P311-mediated changes differed, however, from the well-characterized myofibroblast in that P311 inhibited TGF-β1, TGF-β receptor 2, and TGF-β1–activating MMP-2 and MMP-9, with the resultant decrease in collagen 1 and 3 expression. The effect of P311 on collagen was overcome by exogenous TGF-β1, indicating that the cells were responsive to TGF-β1 paracrine stimulus. In support of a role for P311 in vivo, immunohistochemical examination of human wounds showed P311 only in myofibroblasts and their activated precursors. To our knowledge, these studies are the first to implicate P311 in myofibroblast transformation, to demonstrate that transformation may occur independently of TGF-β1, and to suggest that P311 may prevent fibrosis.
High-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone in consolidation therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: R F Schlenk, U Germing, F Hartmann, A Glasmacher, J T Fischer, F del Valle y Fuentes, K Götze, H Pralle, C Nerl, H Salwender, W Grimminger, A Petzer, M Hensel, A Benner, L Zick, K Döhner, S Fröhling, H Döhner
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Two Patients With Abnormal Skeletal Muscle Uptake of Tc-99m Hydroxymethylene Diphosphonate Following Liver Transplant: Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy and Graft vs Host Disease
Authors: Jeffrey M. Gremmels, Gerald A. Kirk
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Tc-99m hydroxymethylene disphosphonate administered for skeletal scintigraphy may be seen in the extraosseous tissues for various etiologies. This report presents similar abnormal lower extremity skeletal muscle uptake in 2 patients status postorthotopic liver transplant. Although the history and scintigraphic appearance of the 2 were similar, subtle differences in cutaneous lesions and histology led to disparate diagnoses.
Intralesional rituximab for cutaneous B-cell lymphoma
Authors: T. Paul, P. Radny, S.M. Krober, A. Paul, H-J. Blaheta, C. Garbe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has been approved for systemic treatment of relapsed or refractory CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. As cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (CBCL) also expresses the CD20 molecule, three patients with histologically and immunohistochemically confirmed CBCL without systemic involvement were treated with low-dose intralesional rituximab in a pilot study. Single doses applied ranged from 10 to 30 mg per lesion, according to lesion extent, with a cumulative dose of up to 350 mg. Injections were given two or three times weekly for 3-5 weeks, with a second cycle after 6 weeks in one patient with incomplete remission. Complete and lasting remission was achieved in each patient; this has persisted for up to more than 1 year. The observed adverse events were of grade 1 severity. Results suggest that intralesional rituximab may be a safe and effective new therapy modality for CBCL.
Distinct Functions of Epidermal and Myeloid-Derived VEGF-A in Skin Tumorigenesis Mediated by HPV8
Authors: Xiaolei Ding, Tina Lucas, Gian P. Marcuzzi, Herbert Pfister, Sabine A. Eming
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Beta human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been suspected to be carcinogenic in nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), but the basis for potential viral contributions to these cancers is poorly understood. In particular, it is unresolved how HPV-infected keratinocytes escape cell-cycle control and whether their cross-talk with immune cells is critical for tumorigenesis. In nonviral preclinical models, the angiogenic cytokine VEGF-A has been identified as a critical regulator of NMSC. In this study, we dissected the contribution of epidermal versus myeloid cell-derived VEGF-A in HPV-mediated skin cancer by interbreeding an HPV8 transgenic mouse model with a conditional disruption of VEGF-A restricted to either epidermal or myeloid cells. Although only epidermal-derived VEGF-A was essential for initiation of skin tumor development, both spontaneously and UV-light triggered, both epidermal and myeloid cell-derived VEGF-A contributed to regeneration-induced tumorigenesis upon HPV8 overexpression, partly not only through a paracrine effect on endothelial cells, but also most probably through an additional autocrine effect on epidermal cells. Our findings offer new mechanistic insights into distinct functions of epidermal versus myeloid cell-derived VEGF-A during HPV-mediated tumorigenesis, with possible implications for preventing this disease.
IL-7 receptor effector T cells are increased in the inflamed salivary glands of pSS patients and correlate with inflammatory markers
Authors: A. Bikker, A. Kruize, M. Wenting, M. Versnel, J. Bijlsma, F. Lafeber, J. van Roon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

In patients with pSS local T cell-driven inflammation contributes to destruction of exocrine glands associated with clinical symptoms of dryness. Recently the authors documented increased interleukin (IL)-7 in labial salivary glands (LSG) of pSS patients that was capable to induce Th1 and Th17 activity and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. IL-7 mediates its effects by signaling through the high affinity IL-7Rα subunit and γc chain. The authors and others have shown that IL-7R<sup>+</sup> CD4 T cells that strongly proliferate upon TCR activation, while IL-7R<sup>−</sup> CD4 T cells are anergic and can be regulatory of nature. This suggests that IL-7R<sup>+</sup> T cells contribute to the increased inflammatory response in LSG of pSS patients, especially in the presence of increased local IL-7 expression. To identify IL-7R expression in the labial salivary gland and to examine the phenotypical characteristics of IL-7R<sup>+</sup> T cells between pSS and non-Sjögren9s syndrome sicca (nSS) patients. The presence of infiltrating immune cells and IL-7R<sup>+</sup> cells in inflamed salivary glands of pSS patients (n=14) and non-inflamed LSG of nSS patients (n=7) was studied by immunohistochemistry and FACS analysis upon tissue digestion. In the LSG of pSS patients significantly increased numbers of IL-7R<sup>+</sup> cells were found as compared to nSS (pSS vs nSS; 244.3±40.7 vs 12.3±4.6 cells/mm<sup>2</sup>). IL7R<sup>+</sup> T cells were found throughout the tissue but mainly in the CD3-rich lymphocytic areas. IL7R<sup>+</sup> T cells significantly (all p&lt;0.01) correlated with local disease parameters (lymphocytic focus score (LFS); r=0.744 and % IgA<sup>+</sup> cells r=−0.658) as well as with immune cells present in the LSG (CD3 r=0.890; CD20 r=0.717; CD1a r=0.660; CD208 r=0.763). FACS analysis of isolated cells from patients9 LSG confirmed a strongly increased percentage of both CD3 and IL-7R<sup>+</sup> CD3 T cells in pSS as compared to nSS (both p&lt;0.01). Furthermore, abundant IL-7R expression was detected on high proportions of CD4 and CD8 (on average 66% ± 5% and 56% ± 4%, respectively). Other CD45<sup>+</sup> leucocytes and CD45<sup>−</sup> tissue cells did not or hardly express the IL-7R. IL-7R<sup>+</sup> CD3, CD4 and CD8 T cells as percentage of the total LSG cells significantly correlated with the LFS (p≤0.05, r=0.533; p≤0.01, r=0.593; p≤0.01, r=0.631, respectively). The abundant presence of IL-7R<sup>+</sup> T cells in the inflamed salivary glands of pSS patients, which correlates to inflammation, suggests that increased IL-7 expression could significantly contribute to glandular inflammation by activation of IL-7R<sup>+</sup> effector T cells. Hence, blockade of the IL-7R might be a novel therapeutic strategy for pSS.
Clinical effect of driver mutations of JAK2, CALR, or MPL in primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Elisa Rumi, Daniela Pietra, Cristiana Pascutto, Paola Guglielmelli, Alejandra Martínez-Trillos, Ilaria Casetti, Dolors Colomer, Lisa Pieri, Marta Pratcorona, Giada Rotunno, Emanuela Sant’Antonio, Marta Bellini, Chiara Cavalloni, Carmela Mannarelli, Chiara Milanesi, Emanuela Boveri, Virginia Ferretti, Cesare Astori, Vittorio Rosti, Francisco Cervantes, Giovanni Barosi, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Mario Cazzola
Journal: Blood (2014)
Parabens as Urinary Biomarkers of Exposure in Humans
Authors: Xiaoyun Ye, Amber M. Bishop, John A. Reidy, Larry L. Needham, Antonia M. Calafat
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Parabens appear frequently as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetic products, in pharmaceuticals, and in food and beverage processing. In vivo and in vitro studies have revealed weak estrogenic activity of some parabens. Widespread use has raised concerns about the potential human health risks associated with paraben exposure.Assessing human exposure to parabens usually involves measuring in urine the conjugated or free species of parabens or their metabolites. In animals, parabens are mostly hydrolyzed to p-hydroxybenzoic acid and excreted in the urine as conjugates. Still, monitoring urinary concentrations of p-hydroxybenzoic acid is not necessarily the best way to assess exposure to parabens. p-hydroxybenzoic acid is a nonspecific biomarker, and the varying estrogenic bioactivities of parabens require specific biomarkers. Therefore, we evaluated the use of free and conjugated parent parabens as new biomarkers for human exposure to these compounds.We measured the urinary concentrations of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, butyl (n- and iso-), and benzyl parabens in a demographically diverse group of 100 anonymous adults. We detected methyl and n-propyl parabens at the highest median concentrations (43.9 ng/mL and 9.05 ng/mL, respectively) in nearly all (> 96%) of the samples. We also detected other parabens in more than half of the samples (ethyl, 58%; butyl, 69%). Most important, however, we found that parabens in urine appear predominantly in their conjugated forms.The results, demonstrating the presence of urinary conjugates of parabens in humans, suggest that such conjugated parabens could be used as exposure biomarkers. Additionally, the fact that conjugates appear to be the main urinary products of parabens may be important for risk assessment.
CORRELATION OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM PROGRESSION WITH PROGRESSION OF CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS ON CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Irfan Zeb, Tigran Khachatryan, Yasmin S. Hamirani, Khurram Nasir, Kelcey N. Nishihara, Sameer Raina, Song S. Mao, Naser Ahmadi, Matthew J. Budoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)–PDGF receptor interaction activates bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells derived from chronic lymphocytic leukemia: implications for an angiogenic switch
Authors: Wei Ding, Traci R. Knox, Renee C. Tschumper, Wenting Wu, Susan M. Schwager, Justin C. Boysen, Diane F. Jelinek, Neil E. Kay
Journal: Blood (2010)
Abstract 988: Oncogenic PI3K mutations lead to NF-κB-dependent cytokine expression following growth factor deprivation
Authors: Jessica Hutti, Adam Pfefferle, Charles Perou, Albert Baldwin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract While growth factor-independent signaling and proliferation are well-established hallmarks of cancer, little is known regarding growth factor-independent changes in gene expression which occur downstream from oncogenes. The PI3K pathway is one of the most commonly misregulated signaling pathways in human cancers. Here, MCF10A cells expressing the two most common PI3K mutations, PIK3CA E545K and H1047R, were used to identify the repertoire of genes altered by oncogenic PI3K mutations following growth factor deprivation. This gene set most closely correlated with gene signatures from claudin-low and basal-like breast tumors, and categorical enrichment analyses suggested that NF-κB target genes were dramatically upregulated by these mutations. An IKKα inhibitor was used to identify the subset of PI3K-driven genes that is NF-κB dependent. Interestingly, virtually all of these NF-κB dependent genes were secreted proteins, suggesting a paracrine role for this gene set. Among these genes was IL-6, a cytokine frequently expressed in tumors which plays a critical role in generating a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Consistent with this, conditioned media from cells expressing the E545K or H1047R mutations led to increased STAT3 activation in recipient THP-1 monocytes or normal epithelial cells in a NF-κB and IL-6-dependent manner. Together, these data define a PI3K-driven, NF-κB-dependent gene expression profile which may play a critical role in promoting a microenvironment amenable to tumor progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 988. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-988
Primary and Consultant Care
Authors: Daniel M. Barr
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Four of five national data sets were adequate to distinguish primary and consultant care by specialty. The one data set that could not be used in this way includes most acute hospital care provided in the United States. Using a functional classification that was independent of specialty, one of five national data sets is purported by its sponsors to distinguish primary from consultant care, and that effort is not ongoing. Greater effort is needed to collect ongoing data distinguishing primary and consultant care specialties by function.
A Case of Strangulated Hernia into the Fossa Intersigmoidea
Authors: F. S. Eve
Journal: BMJ (1885)

I am indebted to Sir Philip Crampton for an examination of one of the most extraordinary pathological dissections of diseased bone, perhaps, in existence, consisting of the entire internal ear, cochlea, vestibulum, and semicircular canals, from the meatus of a lady, who, after the mnost urgent syniptoms of inflammation of the brain, with paralysis of the face, arm, and leg, with total deafness of one side, recovered from the head-symptoms and the paralysis of the extremi- 4..N Pia.2.-Wilde's sequestrum (enlarged on the same scale as Fig. 1).Fma. 2A.-Ouitline of Fig. 2 (natural size).ties, after a copious discharo-e of matter from the ear.The discharge continued until Sir Philip, perceiving a portion of loose bone lying deep in the meatus, drew forth the specimen from which this illustration has been made.In this, it does not appear that the hard external enamel of the bone was affe ted, but the scala cochleme is far more beautifully displayed than couild possibly have been done by art."This case differs obviously from Sliaw's and Hinton's, and from the present one, in the severity of the constitutional symptoms; and the unilateral paralysis is noteworthy.Politzer, commenting oIn this case, reads that this disappeared after the removal of the sequestrum; but it will be seen that Wilde's language is not clear on this point, for the statement would apply equally well to the deafness, from which the patient can hardly have recovered.
Tumor vasculature targeting following co-delivery of heparin-taurocholate conjugate and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid using cationic nanolipoplex
Authors: Ji-young Kim, Gayong Shim, Hyun-woo Choi, Jooho Park, Seung Woo Chung, Sunil Kim, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Chan-Wha Kim, Sang Yoon Kim, Victor C. Yang, Yu-Kyoung Oh, Youngro Byun
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
WHAT MEANS CAN BE JUDICIOUSLY EMPLOYED TO SHORTEN THE TERM AND LESSEN THE PAIN OF NATURAL LABOR?
Authors: JOHN MORRIS
Journal: JAMA (1883)

(Read before the Section on Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, June, 1883.) In no one thing has the wisdom and genius of the age been more thoroughly exhibited than in the advance and elevation of the art of midwifery. Once considered an inferior branch of medicine, it has, through the vigor and enlightenment of those pursuing ing it, risen to the highest rank in the scale of the sciences. Men have learned to properly appreciate the knowledge and skill by which, in the most cal hours of existence, pain is ameliorated, sorrow assuaged, and life saved. Through the goodness of God, the original curse placed on the mothers of men has been softened, if not nullified. “In sorrow thou shalt bring forth children” will, before this generation tion has passed away, be but a record of the agony of the past. In the consideration of this subject, my purpose is
The Comprehensive Examination
Authors: Hebbel E. Hoff
Journal: JAMA (1966)

An examination is an expression of policy. For better or worse, whether it is a course examination or a comprehensive, whether it is extramural or intramural, it exemplifies the philosophy of those who give it. It sets standards and establishes orientation, and therefore becomes a guide to the true expectations of the examining body, quite apart from its examining function, that is, it becomes a guide to learning as well as a test of learning. It is these two functions that demand either reconciliation or clear-cut separation. I have often explained this dichotomy to anxious students by the story of the man who entered a restaurant and ordered and ate, in sequence, two complete meals, the first of high calories and low cost, and the second a superbly expensive meal of more modest calories. When questioned about this performance, he stated that the first meal was for his tapeworm, the