tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sequential QRS vector subtractions in acute myocardial infarction in humans. Time course and relationship to serial changes in serum CK-MB concentration.
Authors: J P Wikswo, S C Gundersen, W Murphy, A K Dawson, R F Smith
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We used an automated recording system and computer analysis to perform hourly QRS subtractions on ECG signals obtained with dipolar leads in 14 patients admitted within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).The resulting changes in QRS time-voltage area were expressed as a difference vector (QRSMD) which was found to have a simple time course that was similar for infarcts in different locations and closely fit the equation: QRS H ,,where to is the time of admission, t is the time of each measurement, fl is the exponential development rate, and a is the asymptotic value for QRS« D .QRSMD changes rapidly and essentially linearly during the initial 10 hours and the changes were 90% complete at 13 ± 2 hours.When a was computed from data obtained after hospital entry, it correlated poorly with infarct size estimated from CK-MB analysis.Extrapolations to correct for changes assumed to have occurred prior to entry did not significantly improve the correlation.Hie exponential development rate, p, and the initial growth rate, a/}, were also poor predictors of infarct size estimated by the CK-MB method.The QRSMU and the integral of serum CK-MB release had a similar time course, with the QRSMU changes preceding the changes in CK-MB concentration by approximately 10 hours.It is concluded that the QRS difference vector measured during the AMI has a characteristic time course that is independent of anatomical location and has similarities to the integrated CK-MB release course.However, the rate of change of QRSMD and various functions of the maximum QRS difference are poor predictors of infarct sire as determined by the CK-MB method.The apparent inability of QRSMP to predict infarct size may be due to the lack of a preinfnrction control ECG recording, to slowly developing changes in the ECG that were completed after the period of observation in our study, or to distortion of the QRS complex by injury currents associated with ST segment elevation.
Time for a Creative Transformation of Epidemiology in the United States
Authors: Michael S. Lauer
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Discovery of naturally occurring transmissible chronic hepatitis B virus infection among<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>from mauritius island
Authors: Tatiana Dupinay, Tarik Gheit, Pierre Roques, Lucyna Cova, Philippe Chevallier-Queyron, Shin-i Tasahsu, Roger Le Grand, François Simon, Geneviève Cordier, Lahcen Wakrim, Soumaya Benjelloun, Christian Trépo, Isabelle Chemin
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Despite a high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in endangered apes, no HBV infection has been reported in small, old-world monkeys. In search for a small, nonhuman primate model, we investigated the prevalence of HBV infection in 260 macaque (Cercopithecidae) sera of various geographical origins (i.e., Morocco, Mauritius Island, and Asia). HBV-positive markers were detected in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from Mauritius Island only, and, remarkably, HBV DNA was positive in 25.8% (31 of 120) and 42% (21 of 50) of serum and liver samples, respectively. Strong liver expression of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antigen was detected in approximately 20%-30% of hepatocytes. Furthermore, chronic infection with persisting HBV DNA was documented in all 6 infected macaques during an 8-month follow-up period. Whole HBV genome-sequencing data revealed that it was genotype D subtype ayw3 carrying substitution in position 67 of preS1. To confirm infectivity of this isolate, 3 Macaca sylvanus were inoculated with a pool of M. fascicularis serum and developed an acute HBV infection with 100% sequence homology, compared with HBV inoculum. We demonstrated the presence of a chronic HBV infection in M. fascicularis from Mauritius Island. This closely human-related HBV might have been transmitted from humans, because the initial breeding colony originated from very few ancestors 300 years ago when it was implemented by Portuguese who imported a handful of macaques from Java to Mauritius Island. Conclusion: This report on natural, persisting HBV infection among cynomolgus macaques provides the first evidence for the existence of a novel, small simian model of chronic HBV infection, immunologically close to humans, that should be most valuable for the study of immunotherapeutic approaches against chronic hepatitis B. (Hepatology 2013;58:1610–1620)
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Glycemic Control: Evidence from Observational Studies and Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Assiamira Ferrara, Andrew J. Karter, Joseph V. Selby
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

We thank Aguilar-Salinas et al. (1) for their interest in our paper (2), and we agree that the cross-sectional associations between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and lower HbA1c levels we reported do not establish causality. We concur with the need of long-term clinical trials among women with diabetes in order to understand whether and to what extent HRT may improve glycemic control. However, our findings are consistent with small and short-term randomized trials in women with diabetes (3,4,5). We demonstrated a number of differences between HRT users and nonusers in our report and went …
Presence of allergenic food in the diet of children given a prophylactic allergen-restricted diet*1
Authors: B.J. Vlieg-Boerstra, B.J. Beusekamp, C.M.A. Bijleveld, S. van der Heide, S.A.A. Wolt-Plompen, J. Kukler, E.J. Duiverman, A.E.J. Dubois
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Pauper fees by Wealthy Corporations.
Authors: C. H. Emery
Journal: JAMA (1906)

would be more benefited by such hearty, cordial co-operation than these leaders and surgeons, and lesser benefits would soon extend to every other physician, and especially to the younger element in the profession,.and I again urge that it be tried, confident, from long experience and observation, that it will do all that is promised.
Suppression of alveolar macrophage membrane-receptor-mediated phagocytosis by model particle-adsorbate complexes: physicochemical moderators of uptake.
Authors: G J Jakab, T H Risby, S S Sehnert, R R Hmieleski, M I Gilmour
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

In order to assess the abilities of alveolar macrophages (AMs) to phagocytize adsorbent-adsorbate complexes, rat AMs were incubated in vitro with two carbon blacks that have 15-fold differences in specific surface areas (ASTM classification N339 less than Black Pearls 2000) sorbed with 0.5 and 1.0 monolayer coverages of a polar and semi-polar adsorbate (acrolein and benzofuran, respectively). One-half monolayer coverages of N339 with either adsorbates significantly suppressed the phagocytosis of the carbon black, whereas one monolayer coverage did not. Neither adsorbate at either coverages affected the phagocytosis of Black Pearls 2000. The capacity of macrophages to phagocytize a subsequent particle challenge via the Fc-membrane receptor was quantified following treatment of the macrophages with the carbon black-adsorbate complexes. Treatment of the macrophages with carbon black N339-adsorbates complexes at both coverages impaired Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis, whereas no effect was observed when the carbon black was Black Pearls 2000. The results of this study indicate that the surface properties of the particles, the chemical properties of the chemical pollutants, and the interactions between particles and pollutants play a major role in defining the biological effect of particle-pollutant complexes.
Abstract 3750: Body mass index and obesity- and diabetes-associated genotypes and risk for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hongwei Tang, Xiaoqun Dong, Manal M. Hassan, James L. Abbruzzese, Donghui Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: There is accumulating evidence that obesity and diabetes are modifiable risk factors for pancreatic cancer. However, the genetic factors predispose individuals with obesity or diabetes to pancreatic cancer has not been identified. Aims: To investigate the hypothesis that obesity- and diabetes-related genes modify the risk of pancreatic cancer. Methods: We genotyped 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), nuclear receptor family 5 member 2 NR5A2 (aka liver receptor homolog 1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene in 1,070 patients with pancreatic cancer and 1,175 cancer-free controls that are enrolled in a case control study conducted at MD Anderson Cancer Center during 2000-2008. Information on risk factors was collected by personal interview. Genotypes were determined using the Taqman method. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. Results: The PPARγ P12A (rs1801282) GG genotype was inversely associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (AOR: 0.21, 95%CI: 0.07−0.62). Three NR5A2 variants (rs12029406, rs3790844 and rs3790843) that were previously identified in a genome-wide association study were significantly associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer, AORs ranging 0.57-0.79. Two FTO gene variants (rs8050136 and rs9939609) and one ADIPOQ variant (rs17366743) were differentially associated with pancreatic cancer according to levels of body mass index (BMI) (P interaction = 0.0001, 0.0015, and 0.03). The variant alleles were associated reduced risk of pancreatic cancer among individuals with normal weight but increased risk among those with excess body weight. For example, the AOR (95%CI) for FTO IVS1-2777 AC/AA genotype (rs8050136) was 0.72 (0.55-0.96) and 1.54 (1.14-2.09) in participants with a BMI &amp;lt;25 or ≥ 25 kg/m2, respectively. We observed no significant association between AMPK genotype and pancreatic cancer and no genotype interactions with diabetes or smoking. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a protective effect of PPARγ P12A GG genotype and NR5A2 variants on pancreatic cancer. A positive association of FTO and ADIPOQ gene variants with pancreatic cancer may be limited to persons who are overweight. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3750. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3750
Global Eradication of Polio—Reply
Authors: Stephen L. Cochi
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SERONEGATIVITY AND PAEDIATRIC AIDS
Authors: Y.D. Senturia, C.S. Peckham, A.E. Ades, GaryS. Marshall, StephenD. Barbour, StanleyA. Plotkin, KwangHo Pyu, HansD. Ochs, RalphJ. Wedgwood, GaryS. Marshall, StephenD. Barbour, StanleyA. Plotkin
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
In contemporary patients with polycythemia vera, rates of thrombosis and risk factors delineate a new clinical epidemiology
Authors: Tiziano Barbui, Alessandra Carobbio, Elisa Rumi, Guido Finazzi, Heinz Gisslinger, Francesco Rodeghiero, Maria Luigia Randi, Alessandro Rambaldi, Bettina Gisslinger, Lisa Pieri, Irene Bertozzi, Ilaria Casetti, Animesh Pardanani, Francesco Passamonti, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: Blood (2014)
Sphingosine kinase regulates the rate of endothelial progenitor cell differentiation
Authors: Claudine S. Bonder, Wai Y. Sun, Tyson Matthews, Carlos Cassano, Xiaochun Li, Hayley S. Ramshaw, Stuart M. Pitson, Angel F. Lopez, P. Toby Coates, Richard L. Proia, Mathew A. Vadas, Jennifer R. Gamble
Journal: Blood (2008)
Patient takes her fight for trastuzumab to the High Court
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A 53 year old woman with early stage breast cancer this week became the first patient to go to court in Britain to try to force the NHS to pay for her treatment with the humanised monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin).

Ann Marie Rogers, of Swindon, Wiltshire, claims that Swindon Primary Care Trust is breaching her human rights in refusing to fund the treatment, which would cost £21 …
Most UK datasets of routinely collected health statistics fail to collect information on ethnicity and religion
Authors: Kishwar Sultana, Aziz Sheikh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

The reduction of ethnic inequalities is a long-declared UK government priority,1 but despite the moral and increasingly legal imperative to provide equitable healthcare to all sections of the population, there is very limited evidence of progress in achieving this objective. More recently, New Labour has also committed itself to tackling the very considerable religious inequalities in health and social outcomes that have become evident from analysis of data from the 2001 Census.2 Similar ethnic and religious inequalities in health outcomes almost certainly exist in many other pluralist societies.

Given the difficulties in reducing health inequalities for certain disorders, the very considerable gaps remaining in our knowledge in relation to minority communities for many other conditions, and the known under-representation of minority groups in research (both in the UK and US),3,4 it is important that every effort is made to make use of existing data sources to describe and understand the nature of ethnic- and faith-based variations in health outcomes, and assess progress in tackling these inequalities.

The UK enjoys some of the foremost datasets of routinely collected health statistics, and greater exploitation of these is potentially of considerable importance to shaping policy, prioritizing research and identifying foci for service delivery improvements. In order to investigate the fitness for purpose of these datasets, we sought to interrogate them for evidence of inclusion of ethnicity and faith variables and, where recorded, to see whether there was a consistent approach to recording that would allow comparisons between datasets.
SMAC Mimetics Sensitize Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug–Induced Apoptosis by Promoting Caspase-3–Mediated Cytochrome <i>c</i> Release
Authors: Alexander Bank, Peng Wang, Chunying Du, Jian Yu, Lin Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are effective in suppressing the formation of colorectal tumors. However, the mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effects of NSAIDs remain unclear. The effects of NSAIDs are incomplete, and resistance to NSAIDs is often developed. Growing evidence has indicated that the chemopreventive activity of NSAIDs is mediated by induction of apoptosis. Our previous studies showed that second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC)/Diablo, a mitochondrial apoptogenic protein, plays an essential role in NSAID-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. In this study, we found that SMAC mediates NSAID-induced apoptosis through a feedback amplification mechanism involving interactions with inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, activation of caspase-3, and induction of cytosolic release of cytochrome c. Small-molecule SMAC mimetics at nanomolar concentrations significantly sensitize colon cancer cells to NSAID-induced apoptosis by promoting caspase-3 activation and cytochrome c release. Furthermore, SMAC mimetics overcome NSAID resistance in Bax-deficient or SMAC-deficient colon cancer cells by restoring caspase-3 activation and cytochrome c release. Together, these results suggest that SMAC is useful as a target for the development of more effective chemopreventive strategies and agents. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):276–84]
JAMA Therapeutic!! And We'd Used It Only as Shim, Fan, Fire Starter, Seat, and Swatter
Authors: De Lamar Gibbons
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  In my practice, patients with low back pain have responded dramatically to the JAMA -Gibbons back device, which is constructed by rolling two issues of JAMA into a roll 7.6 cm (3 inches) in diameter and wrapping them securely with tape.  To use the device (it works particularly well in an automobile seat), the buttocks are pressed back as far as possible against the seat or chair. The device is then placed crosswise between the lumbar spine and the seat and adjusted downward into the lower lumbosacral area. Leaning back against the device restores the lordotic curvature to the lumbar spine and exquisite relief results.  Trials using newspapers proved quite unsatisfactory. The black from the print comes off on the clothing and the newspapers rapidly lose their resiliency. The JAMA -Gibbons device is basically hard, and firm resiliency is important. Other publications may also work, but then
Opposing Wall Mechanics Are Significantly Influenced by Longitudinal Cardiac Rotation in the Assessment of Ventricular Dyssynchrony
Authors: Karen P. Phillips, Zoran B. Popović, Pascal Lim, John E. Meulet, Conor D. Barrett, Luigi Di Biase, Deborah Agler, James D. Thomas, Richard A. Grimm
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
A 76-Year-Old Man With Recurrent Clostridium difficile–Associated Diarrhea
Authors: Ciarán P. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a common and increasingly severe nosocomial infectious disease. The case of Mr S, a 76-year-old man with multiple recurrences of CDI, illustrates the difficulties in treating recurrent disease and the way it complicates the management of other medical conditions. Risk factors for CDI include antimicrobial use, hospital admission, advancing age, and severe underlying disease. A clinical diagnosis of CDI is usually confirmed by identifying C difficile toxins in a stool sample. Evidence supports metronidazole, 500 mg every 6 hours for 10 to 14 days, as the treatment of choice for mild to moderately severe CDI. Oral vancomycin, 125 mg every 6 hours for 10 to 14 days, is recommended for severe CDI, for which it is more effective than metronidazole. Recurrent CDI occurs in more than 20% of patients when metronidazole or vancomycin treatment is discontinued. Few studies have evaluated treatment options for recurrent CDI, but a prolonged, tapering, and pulse-dosed regimen of oral vancomycin is commonly used. Careful attention to antimicrobial stewardship and infection control practices is essential to curb this nosocomial, iatrogenic disease.
Domestic Violence and Physician Intervention
Authors: Sallie Rixey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 September 1996Domestic Violence and Physician InterventionSallie Rixey, MD, MEdSallie Rixey, MD, MEdFranklin Square Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD 21237Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Although I appreciate Dr. Weinberg's experience described in his recent essay, I fear that his story may inadvertently create barriers to intervention. For the last 6 years I have taught medical students, residents, and practicing physicians about domestic violence. My sessions begin by having the participants select their top reasons “why doctors don't ask” from a survey of 20 commonly offered statements. The results are always the same: “Don't know what to do; don't know how to ask; don't want to open Pandora's box.” Opening Pandora's box is not a matter of time or scheduling. What is ...References1. Weinberg R. Communion. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:804-5. Google Scholar2. McCauley J, Kern DE, Kolodner K, Dill D, Schroeder AF, DeChant HK, et al. The “battering syndrome”: prevalence and clinical characteristics of domestic violence in primary care internal medicine practices. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:737-46. Google Scholar3. Flitcraft A. From public health to personal health: violence against women across the life span [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:800-2. Google Scholar4. Alpert EJ. Violence in intimate relationships and the practicing internist: new “disease” or new agenda? Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:774-81. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Sallie Rixey, MD, MEdAffiliations: Franklin Square Hospital Center, Baltimore, MD 21237 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMedical StoriesThe epistemically virtuous clinician 1 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 5Page: 427KeywordsBehaviorDomestic violenceFearPreventive medicine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...