tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchodilator Responsiveness in Normal Infants and Young Children
Authors: AMY B. GOLDSTEIN, ROBERT G. CASTILE, STEPHANIE D. DAVIS, DAVID A. FILBRUN, ROBERT L. FLUCKE, KAREN S. McCOY, ROBERT S. TEPPER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Several studies have demonstrated that normal infants exhibit bronchoconstriction after inhalation of nonspecific agonists and that the induced airway narrowing can be reversed by the inhalation of a β -agonist. However, there are very limited data on baseline airway tone and the airway response to a β -agonist in this subject population. The purpose of our study was to evaluate in normal infants baseline airway responsiveness to the inhaled β -agonist, albuterol, using changes in maximal expiratory flows. Forty-one healthy infant volunteers with no history of respiratory disease or recurrent wheezing (ages 5.4 to 141.4 wk) were studied. Maximal expiratory flow– volume curves were obtained at baseline and 10 min after inhalation of albuterol (n = 28) or placebo (n = 13) using a metered-dose inhaler with a spacer. The mean percent change was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the albuterol versus placebo group for FEV0.5 (2.2% versus − 1.5%), FEF75% (10.6% versus − 3.1%), and FEF85% (12.9% versus 0.5%). Six of 28 albuterol-treated infants demonstrated increases in FEF75% greater than two standard deviations from the mean change in FEF75% seen in the placebo group. These infants were younger and more frequently exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy. We conclude that normal healthy infants have overall levels of baseline airway tone that are similar to that reported in adults and older children; however, among the infants we evaluated the response to an inhaled bronchodilator was greatest in the youngest infants and in those exposed to tobacco smoking.Keywords: airway responsiveness; asthma; tobacco smoke; infant pulmonary function; bronchodilator
Intra-partum Uterine Rupture
Authors: R. Hodkinson
Journal: BMJ (1952)

ISLET-CELL TUMOUR OF PANCREAS administration of glucose may serve as a first-aid measure, but it is now considered that absorption is very slow and incomplete (Peters and Van Slyke, 1946). SummaryA fatal case of functioning islet-cell tumour of the pancreas in a woman of 20 is described.The regular association of symptoms with the start of the menstrual period is noted.Pathological findings are given, and some suggestions are made about treatment in the light of experience with insulin coma therapy in schizophrenia.We wish to thank Professor R. A. Willis for his opinion on the pituitary gland and Dr. T. M. Cuthbert, physician superintendent, St. Luke's Hospital, for his advice and opinion on the electroencephalogram.
Epigastric pain in a woman with previous Behcet's disease
Authors: A Hokama, H Samura, J Arakaki, R Murabayashi, K Shimoji, H Chinen, K Kishimoto, F Kinjo, T Nishimaki, J Fujita
Journal: Gut (2009)

A 36-year-old Japanese woman presented with sudden onset epigastric pain. Her medical history included an 8 year history of Behcet’s disease with …
Educational Programs in US Medical Schools, 2004-2005
Authors: Barbara Barzansky, Sylvia I. Etzel
Journal: JAMA (2005)

The educational environment affects the outcomes of medical education, including the characteristics and distribution of medical school graduates.To report the status of variables related to medical education that represent areas that recently have been in flux or have potential impact on health care delivery.Descriptive survey study comparing selected results of the Liaison Committee on Medical Education Annual Medical School Questionnaire between 2004-2005 and 1994-1995. The questionnaire was sent to the deans of all 125 LCME-accredited medical schools. Response rate was 100% in both years.Overall trends between 1994-1995 and 2004-2005 in the size and composition of the medical school faculty, the numbers of medical school applicants and students, requirements for passage of the US Medical Licensing Examination, medical student work hours, the use of computers in the educational program, the geographic pipeline from entry to medical school to entry to graduate medical education, and the educational background of medical school deans.The number of full-time faculty members increased from 90 016 in 1994-1995 to 119 025 in 2004-2005 (a 32% increase) while the number of medical students remained constant at about 67 000. In 2004-2005, 11% of medical school deans held MD and PhD degrees, 6% held MD and MBA degrees, 4% held MD and MPH degrees, and 2% held an MD and another degree (such as JD). In 2004-2005, 68% of all first-year medical students were residents of the state in which the medical school is located and a mean of 43% of 2005 graduates remained in the same state as the medical school for graduate medical education; results were similar in 1995. In 2004-2005, 58 schools (46%) required students to have their own computers and 35 (28%) to have their own personal digital assistants. In 2004-2005, night call was less common in the family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, and psychiatry clerkships compared with 1994-1995.Although most students remain in their home state for medical school, most students leave the medical school state for residency. Factors external to the medical school, such as funding mechanisms and regulations from the public and private sectors, may be having an impact on faculty size and composition, and on the geographic pipeline of students into medical school and residency training.
PARAFFIN PAPER FOR SURGICAL DRESSINGS
Authors: C. C. Booth
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Comment on the article on paraffin paper for surgical dressings by Dr. Charles M. Harpster, Toledo, Ohio, inThe Journalfor June 8: I tried this method of dressing wounds in 1908 and discarded it because of the imperforate character and allowing poor drainage. I found, however, that if this wax paper was perforated every quarter of an inch with a No. 4 eyelet punch (which can be bought very cheap in any hardware store and some twenty thicknesses of paper can be perforated at one punch) it served the purpose admirably. I reported my experience at the meeting of the American Association of Railway Surgeons in October, 1910. This perforated paper has been used very extensively in the Youngstown Hospital and is a cheap and durable dressing. It allows ample drainage and ample protection to granulation and is not removed from the wound until the wound
Injuries during the 2006 Women’s Rugby World Cup
Authors: D M Schick, M G Molloy, J P Wiley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Background: Although there have been reports of injury rates in men’s World Cup rugby, there has been no research into injury rates in women’s international rugby. Objective: To determine the rate of injury at the 2006 Women’s Rugby World Cup (WRWC). Methods: All participating teams in the 2006 WRWC were enrolled prospectively in this study. Healthcare workers for each team collected data on training and game exposure and information on injuries. Results: 55 players (16%) sustained at least one injury (10.0/1000 player hours); 4 players (1%) sustained two injuries. 45 injuries occurred during games (37.5/1000 player hours) and 14 injuries occurred during practice (12.5/1000 player hours), a statistically significant difference (RR = 12.5, 95% CI 6.9 to 22.8). The injury rate was 39.3/1000 player hours for the forwards and 42.2/1000 player hours for the backs (RR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.3). The front row had the highest injury rate (62.5/1000 player hours). 63.6% of injuries occurred during the tackle. Most injuries occurred to the neck, knee and head/face. The majority of injuries were sprains, muscle injuries and contusions. There were five fractures during the event and four reported concussions. Conclusion: Female players sustained a considerable rate of injury during the 2006 WRWC. Backs had a slightly higher rate of injury than forwards, but the players most often injured were in the front row. The neck/cervical spine and knee were the most commonly injured regions, followed by the head and face. This is the first study to examine injury rates in female rugby players at a World Cup and reports valuable data in this population.
Single filiform polyp in asymptomatic healthy Korean without history of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: H. Kang, Y. Kang, S. Kim, J. Seong, B. Lee, H. Jeong, H. Lee, K. Song
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Here we report the first published case of a single filiform polyp discovered during routine screening in an individual without symptoms or a history of colonic disease.
Presenting Plasma HIV RNA Level and Rate of CD4 T-Cell Decline—Reply
Authors: W. Keith Henry, Pablo Tebas
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Depression-Dependent Dyskinesias in Two Cases of Manic-Depressive Illness
Authors: Neal R. Cutler, Robert M. Post, Alix C. Rey, William E. Bunney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

WE report the occurrence of state-dependent dyskinesia in two rapidly cycling manic-depressive patients. Marked oral, buccal, lingual, and associated dyskinesias consistently recurred during depression and essentially disappeared during mania over the course of repeated mood cycles. Reports of simultaneous improvements in dyskinesias and mood after electroconvulsive therapy also suggest a relation between mood and dyskinesias.1 , 2 MethodsTwo patients met the criteria for manic-depressive, circular (bipolar Type I) illness. Nurses who were "blind" to medications and, initially, to the interest in the possible association of dyskinesias and mood phase rated the patients according to a global scale that includes scores for . . .
RELATIVE MERITS OF SPINAL AND ETHER ANESTHESIA
Authors: HAROLD L. FOSS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Surgery involves many controversial subjects which add interest to medical discussions and zest to meetings whenever doctors get together. Spinal anesthesia is a recent example, for no method has had stronger partisans ready to defend, on the one hand, or to condemn, on the other. As has been the case with most surgeons, we have been greatly interested in the question of the relative merits of this anesthetic and anxious to know the truth of the matter. On finding recently that sufficient material from which to draw conclusions had accumulated in our own clinic, we attempted to determine the nature of our own results. With no analysis having been made at the time and, therefore, without bias, we offered to read a paper entitled "The Relative Merits of Spinal and Ether Anesthesia" before this section and so, with an open mind and with no attempt at prophesying what our conclusions
Childhood and adult ALL: Differences in epigenetic lesions associated with cell cycle genes
Authors: Marina I. Gutiérrez, Abdul K. Siraj, Muna M. Ibrahim, Azhar Hussain, Kishor Bhatia
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

The impact of silencing tumor suppressor genes involved in cell proliferation in adult and pediatric ALL is still unknown. We analyzed methylation of the master regulators (p73, p53, Rb), CDKIs (p27, p57), and the INK4 locus (p15) in childhood ALLs and describe a relatively low frequency. Comparisons with adult ALL showed that p57 clearly differed in children (7% methylation) and adults (50% methylation). While >20% of adult ALL Ph1 chromosome-negative undergo methylation of p73, p57, and p15, only 3% of childhood ALL carried such anomalies, which is very significant when a higher fraction of pediatric patients has non-Ph1 ALL than do the adult patients. We have studied a large p57 CpG island and expression by real-time RT-PCR. We observed that 53% of childhood leukemias lacked p57 transcripts, and the overall level was 8-fold lower than in normal lymphocytes (P < 0.0001). However, no correlation with methylation was found. Thus, loss of p57 expression in the absence of methylation may be frequent in childhood ALL, suggesting that methylation is not the sole mechanism of p57 downregulation. Methylation differences in ALL may be age-related or, alternatively, reflect different pathogenesis.
Is NMR-based metabolomic analysis of exhaled breath condensate accurate?
Authors: J.L. Izquierdo-García, G. Peces-Barba, S. Heili, R. Diaz, E. Want, J. Ruiz-Cabello
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

To the Editors:

The metabolomic analysis of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a simple noninvasive approach for the study of respiratory system diseases. Previous studies introduced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics as a method allowing a definite separation between healthy patients and patients with airway disease 1, 2. In these studies, the influence of external contaminants was also considered. de Laurentiis et al. 1 reported that the removal of interfering residual external contaminants was crucial for correct EBC analysis and they proposed a cleaning protocol for the “complete removal of the disinfectant signals” from the reusable parts of the condensers.

In order to verify the influence of the disinfectant signals we have compared the EBC 1H-NMR spectra of a healthy subject obtained after the standard cleaning protocol (disinfected for 15 min using a 1.5% Descogen™ solution and flushed for 15 min with water) recommended by the manufacturer’s guidelines and the International Consensus on EBC (fig. 1a) 3; one that was obtained after the cleaning protocol proposed by de Laurentiis et al. 1 (fig. 1b); and one obtained using a device without reusable condenser parts (fig. 1c). EBCs have been collected using an Anacon condenser (Biostec, Valencia, Spain). Sample collection and concentration (>99% water) were similar to those obtained in the procedure described by de Laurentiis …
Effects of ingested chrysotile on DNA synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract and liver of the rat
Authors: D. E. Amacher, A. Alarif, S. S. Epstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

The effects of chrysotile on DNA synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat were studied by measuring the uptake of tritium-labeled thymidine; whole stomach, small intestine, colon liver were removed, cleaned, and homogenized and the DNA was isolated and assayed for tritium label.A dose-response study indicated that 2 weeks after a 5 mg/kg dose of chrysotile, DNA synthesis was increased in the small intestine and colon and reduced in the liver; synthesis was reduced in the small intestine 2 weeks after a 500 mg/kg dose. Following a 100 mg/kg dose of chrysotile, a transient increase in DNA synthesis was noted in the stomach and small intestine at 1 and 7 days, respectively, besides increased synthesis in the colon from 28 to 63 days. These data suggest that asbestos penetrates the gastrointestinal mucosa and influences regulation of DNA synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract.
Evidence of preservation injury to bile ducts by bile salts in the pig and its prevention by infusions of hydrophilic bile salts
Authors: M HERTL
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Preservation injury to bile ducts is a serious problem in liver transplantation, especially when preservation exceeds 12 hours. The authors hypothesized that the injury was caused by contact of bile ducts with bile salts during cold preservation and might be preventable by infusion of more hydrophilic bile salts. Swine livers were harvested after intraportal infusions of saline (control), of the hydrophobic bile salt taurodeoxycholate, or of the hydrophilic bile salts tauroursodeoxycholate or dehydrocholate. The effect of infusing a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic bile acids was also studied. Bile samples were taken before and during the infusions. Then livers were perfused with UW solution, ducts were flushed retrograde with UW, and livers were stored at 0 to 1°C for 20 hours. Bile ducts were harvested after preservation, and coded microscopic slides of the specimens were examined by light microscopy. There was large variability in baseline bile salt concentration. Injury after preservation consisted of sloughing and pyknosis of surface and glandular epithelium. The histologic injury score determined after preservation was directly related to bile salt concentration in bile ducts at the time of flushing. During bile salt infusions, the infused bile salt replaced most or all of the other bile salts present in bile. Severe postpreservation injury of intrahepatic ducts occurred after taurodeoxycholate infusions, but injury was minimal when either of the two hydrophilic bile salts was infused. The mixture of bile acids produced intermediate results. Retrograde flushing with UW does not prevent injury to intrahepatic ducts. The authors conclude that the injury is caused by contact with bile salts, is dependent on bile salt concentration and composition, and is preventable. (HEPATOLOGY 1995; 21:1130–1137.)
Treatment of Radiation-Induced Hemorrhagic Duodenitis with Argon Plasma Coagulation
Authors: H. Toyoda, E. Jaramillo, K. Mukai, T. Saito, N. Imai, H. Naota, T. Sase, T. Mizuno, H. Shiku, I. Imoto, Y. Adachi
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Gastrointestinal bleeding from chronic radiation duodenitis is rare. We present a case of radiation-induced hemorrhagic duodenitis successfully treated with argon plasma coagulation (APC) using a two-channel endoscope with a disposable distal attachment. The patient was a 75-year old woman who had advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis to the lymph nodes of the hilum. She had received palliative treatment with transcatheter arterial embolization of the liver mass and radiation therapy to the hilar lymph nodes. She was referred to our hospital nine month later for radiation-induced hemorrhagic duodenitis with melena. She had received transfusion of 8 units of packed red blood cells over the previous 4 weeks. Empirical treatment with omeprazole had been unsuccessful. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed edematous and friable mucosa with multiple telangiectasias in the bulb and descending part of the duodenum (Figure [1 a]). The vascular lesions were treated by APC (Erbe Medical, Tuebingen, Germany) with a 7-Fr probe at a setting of 50 W and flow rate of 1.5 l/min (Figure [1 ] b). We used a two-channel endoscope (GIF-2T200; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) with a disposable distal attachment (Olympus). The procedure was repeated at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 11 weeks after the first APC treatment, when most of the telangiectasias were eradicated (Figure [1 ] c). After each APC treatment the patient complained of mild epigastric pain, but no serious complications related to the treatment were observed. Melena stopped after the third APC treatment and no more blood transfusion was required. Her hemoglobin level remained stable until her death 8 month later. APC is a diathermy-based, noncontact therapeutic modality with a lower risk of perforation compared with other tissue ablation techniques. APC has been used for the treatment of radiation-induced hemorrhagic proctosigmoiditis and carditis [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6], however, its use in the treatment of radiation-induced hemorrhagic duodenitis has not been previously reported. We initially used a single-channel endoscope, but the procedure became technically difficult due to the strong spasms and bleeding induced by ablation. The two-channel endoscope allowed flushing and suctioning while the distal attachment helped to maintain a good distance between the endoscope and the mucosa for adequate visualization. This made the procedure easier, even in the presence of spasm.
Apolipoprotein A-I and its amphipathic helix peptide analogues inhibit human immunodeficiency virus-induced syncytium formation.
Authors: B J Owens, G M Anantharamaiah, J B Kahlon, R V Srinivas, R W Compans, J P Segrest
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The envelope (membrane) glycoprotein of HIV is essential for virus attachment and entry into host cells. Additionally, when expressed on the plasma membrane of infected cells, the envelope protein is responsible for mediating cell-cell fusion which leads to the formation of multinucleated giant cells, one of the major cytopathic effects of HIV infections. The envelope glycoproteins of HIV contain regions that can fold into amphipathic alpha-helixes, and these regions have been suggested to play a role in subunit associations and in virus-induced cell fusion and cytopathic effects of HIV. We therefore tested the possibility that amphipathic helix-containing peptides and proteins may interfere with the HIV amphipathic peptides and inhibit those steps of HIV infection involving membrane fusion. Apolipoprotein A-I, the major protein component of high density lipoprotein, and its amphipathic peptide analogue were found to inhibit cell fusion, both in HIV-1-infected T cells and in recombinant vaccinia-virus-infected CD4+ HeLa cells expressing HIV envelope protein on their surfaces. The amphipathic peptides inhibited the infectivity of HIV-1. The inhibitory effects were manifest when the virus, but not cells, was pretreated with the peptides. Also, a reduction in HIV-induced cell killing was observed when virus-infected cell cultures were maintained in presence of amphipathic peptides. These results have potential implications for HIV biology and therapy.
Recurrent Right Lower Lobe Disease
Authors: Stanley P. Bohrer
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Dr. Murray L. Janower: This is the first admission to Massachusetts General Hospital of this 15-yr-old male whose chief complaint was recurrent right lower lobe pneumonia. He had been hospitalized elsewhere with this diagnosis 30 mo, 12 mo, and 1 mo prior to this admission. His symptoms 1 mo ago were severe dyspnea, pain in the right chest, and a temperature of 103.6 F (39.8 C). He was treated with penicillin, codeine, acetylsalicylic acid, and oxygen, and responded promptly to treatment, as he had previously.  His chest roentgenogram was reported to have reverted to normal following his illness 30 mo ago, and to have shown some residual changes following the other two episodes. The patient had no exposure to tuberculosis. There had been fractures of the skull and of the leg in an accident at the age of 2 1/2 yr.  Discussion  Dr. Stanley M. Wyman: If it is an
Learning in Medicine
Authors: H J F Hodgson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Colin Coles, Hans Asbjorn Holm Scandinavian University Press, pp 212 ISBN 82-00-21811-2

The editor of the BMJ contributed to Learning in Medicine, including in his chapter a section entitled “How to write better.” One theme of the book is that teachers should assess their effectiveness. In some ways this makes my review a personal communication to the editor.

The book's first tenet is that traditional medical education is discredited. It is authoritarian, hierarchic, coercive, paternalistic, devoid of feedback from the student, and …