tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis and prognostic value of cholangiography in a Dutch population
Authors: C Y Ponsioen
Journal: Gut (2002)

Median survival of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has been estimated to be 12 years. Cholangiography is the gold standard for diagnosis but is rarely used in estimating prognosis.To assess the natural history of Dutch PSC patients and to evaluate the prognostic value of a cholangiographic classification system.A total of 174 patients with established PSC attending a university hospital and three teaching hospitals from 1970 to 1999.Charts were reviewed for validity and time of diagnosis, concurrent inflammatory bowel disease, interventions, liver transplantation, occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma, and death. Follow up data were obtained from the charts and from the attending clinician or family physician. Median follow up was 76 months (range 1-300). The earliest available cholangiography was scored using a radiological classification system for the severity of sclerosis, developed in our institution. Survival curves were computed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cholangiographic staging was used to construct a prognostic model, applying Cox proportional hazards analysis.The estimated median survival from time of diagnosis to death from liver disease or liver transplantation was 18 years. Cholangiocarcinoma was found in 18 (10%) patients. Fourteen patients (8%) underwent liver transplantation. Cholangiographic scoring was inversely correlated with survival. A combination of intrahepatic and extrahepatic scoring, together with age at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, proved strongly predictive of survival.The observed survival was considerably better than reported in earlier series from Sweden, the UK, and the USA. Classification and staging of cholangiographic abnormalities has prognostic value.
Notes on Health Resorts: XIII.--Gossensass
Authors: D. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1893)

TNuLBzmg 1175 'under treatment is already 2,533, althouigh it is only seven weeks sincethe ,tide began to turn while the number of cases of scarlet fever alone, which may be expectea to require accommodation simultaneously in the -autumn, ranges according to the basis of computation adopted from 4,800 to 6,300.The cases, however, must be dealt with, the beds must be found, the land must be obtained on which to place the hos- pitals.The matter is complicated by the fact that every site must be submitted for approval to the Local Government Board, which is not immediately responsible for dealing with the difficulty, which can take its time, and which may veto -each suggested site without giving any reason or indicating at all what conditions will be exacted in the future.This question is one of most serious public importance.Take the case of Tottenham as an instance.A site was chosen by the managers and refused by the Local Government Board.Scar- let fever was advancing by leaps and bounds; there was an oabsolute dearth of beds.At last the Board allowed the pur- -chase of the freehold, but even then would only sancUon its use for fever purposes for the space of one year.The neces- sity of getting beds was, however, absolute, and in seven weeks a hospital for 500 patients sprang into existence, It was a splendid display of energy, a tour de force, but at what a cost was the emergency met ?A freehold purchased and a hospital built for one year's use.Take Tooting again.After months of search and investiga-
Kikuchi's disease
Authors: B. Rhodes, A. S M Jawad
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

In their case report of a patient with Kikuchi’s disease Dr Chung and colleagues (July 2004 JRSM1) refer to reported associations with systemic lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and infection with toxoplasmosis, Yersinia enterocolitica and herpesvirus 6. Kikuchi’s disease has also been associated with four other autoimmune diseases—polymyositis,2 mixed connective tissue disease,3 adult and juvenile onset Still’s disease4 and the antiphospholipid syndrome.5 In addition cases have been linked with breast and gastric malignancy6,7 and infections with Epstein–Barr virus, parvovirus B19 and herpesvirus 8.8–10

As Chung et al. state, a viral aetiology has been suggested but never satisfactorily proven. Given the variety of disease associations, it is possible that Kikuchi’s disease represents an unusual response of histiocytes and T-cells to a range of local or systemic immune stimuli, including both foreign and self antigens.
Aurora-A overexpression as an early marker of reflux-related columnar mucosa and Barrett’s oesophagus
Authors: V. Agnese, D. Cabibi, D. Calcara, M. Terrasi, G. Pantuso, E. Fiorentino, C. Intrivici, G. Colucci, F. Aragona, N. Gebbia, V. Bazan, A. Russo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
Human CD4+ T cell recent thymic emigrants are identified by protein tyrosine kinase 7 and have reduced immune function
Authors: Christopher J. Haines, Thierry D. Giffon, Li-Sheng Lu, Xiaowei Lu, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Douglas T. Ross, David B. Lewis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

CD4+ recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) comprise a clinically and immunologically important T cell population that indicates thymic output and that is essential for maintaining a diverse αβ–T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of the naive CD4+ T cell compartment. However, their frequency and function are poorly understood because no known surface markers distinguish them from older non-RTE naive CD4+ T cells. We demonstrate that protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) is a novel marker for human CD4+ RTEs. Consistent with their recent thymic origin, human PTK7+ RTEs contained higher levels of signal joint TCR gene excision circles and were more responsive to interleukin (IL)-7 compared with PTK7− naive CD4+ T cells, and rapidly decreased after complete thymectomy. Importantly, CD4+ RTEs proliferated less and produced less IL-2 and interferon-γ than PTK7− naive CD4+ T cells after αβ-TCR/CD3 and CD28 engagement. This immaturity in CD4+ RTE effector function may contribute to the reduced CD4+ T cell immunity observed in contexts in which CD4+ RTEs predominate, such as in the fetus and neonate or after immune reconstitution. The ability to identify viable CD4+ RTEs by PTK7 staining should be useful for monitoring thymic output in both healthy individuals and in patients with genetic or acquired CD4+ T cell immunodeficiencies.
ADAM10 Inhibition of Human CD30 Shedding Increases Specificity of Targeted Immunotherapy<i>In vitro</i>
Authors: Dennis A. Eichenauer, Vijaya Lakshmi Simhadri, Elke Pogge von Strandmann, Andreas Ludwig, Vance Matthews, Katrin S. Reiners, Bastian von Tresckow, Paul Saftig, Stefan Rose-John, Andreas Engert, Hinrich P. Hansen
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract CD30 is a transmembrane protein selectively overexpressed on many human lymphoma cells and therefore an interesting target for antibody-based immunotherapy. However, binding of therapeutic antibodies stimulates a juxtamembrane cleavage of CD30 leading to a loss of target antigen and an enhanced release of the soluble ectodomain of CD30 (sCD30). Here, we show that sCD30 binds to CD30 ligand (CD153)–expressing non-target cells. Because antibodies bind to sCD30, this results in unwanted antibody binding to these cells via sCD30 bridging. To overcome shedding-dependent damage of normal cells in CD30-specific immunotherapy, we analyzed the mechanism involved in the release. Shedding of CD30 can be enhanced by protein kinase C (PKC) activation, implicating the disintegrin metalloproteinase ADAM17 but not free cytoplasmic calcium. However, antibody-induced CD30 shedding is calcium dependent and PKC independent. This shedding involved the related metalloproteinase ADAM10 as shown by the use of the preferential ADAM10 inhibitor GI254023X and by an ADAM10-deficient cell line generated from embryonically lethal ADAM10−/− mouse. In coculture experiments, the antibody-induced transfer of sCD30 from the human Hodgkin's lymphoma cell line L540 to the CD30-negative but CD153-expressing human mast cell line HMC-1 was inhibited by GI254023X. These findings suggest that selective metalloproteinase inhibitors blocking antibody-induced shedding of target antigens could be of therapeutic value to increase the specificity and reduce side effects of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies. [Cancer Res 2007;67(1):332–8]
Health implications of environmental exposure to asbestos.
Authors: J C McDonald
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The health impact of environmental pollution resulting from the industrial use of asbestos can be assessed in three ways. First, there are the direct epidemiological surveys. These indicate that domestic exposure has been responsible for cases of mesothelioma and possibly lung cancer and radiological changes in family contacts of asbestos workers. Exposure in the neighborhood of crocidolite mines and factories has also resulted in cases of mesothelioma but no similar evidence exists for chrysotile or amosite. Neither air nor water pollution has been directly incriminated as a cause of either respiratory or digestive malignancies. Second, a few attempts have been made to extrapolate from exposure response findings in industrial cohorts. For several reasons, even for lung cancer, this approach is dubious: the observed gradients have a 100-fold range in slope; the equivalences of dust, fiber and gravimetric measures are largely guesswork; and the carcinogenic potential of mineral fibers, particularly for the pleura, varies enormously with fiber type and/or dimensions. No adequate exposure-response observations have been made for mesothelioma. A third approach makes use of the differing incidence of mesothelioma in men and women. Data from several countries indicate that, until the 1950s (i.e., 30-40 years after significant industrial use of asbestos began), the rates were similar in both sexes. Since then, the incidence in males has risen steeply--in the U.S. and U.K. at about 10% per annum. In females, on the other hand, there has been little or no convincing increase. These data suggest that the
Identification and function of T cells reactive with citrullinated vimentin in HLA-DRB1*0401 humanised mice and rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: O Snir, M Rieck, K Klich, L Klareskog, J H Buckner, V Malmstrom
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

The pathological mechanisms leading to a lost of immunological tolerance and inciting rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are not fully understood. However, autoimmunity towards several post-translationally modified (citrullinated) synovial antigens is thought to have a central role in disease pathogenesis. Of particular interest is vimentin, a synovial antigen to which antibodies towards its citrullinated form are commonly found in both RA sera and synovial fluid. …
MotifAdjuster: a tool for computational reassessment of transcription factor binding site annotations
Authors: Jens Keilwagen, Jan Baumbach, Thomas A Kohl, Ivo Grosse
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

Valuable binding-site annotation data are stored in databases. However, several types of errors can, and do, occur in the process of manually incorporating annotation data from the scientific literature into these databases. Here, we introduce MotifAdjuster http://dig.ipk-gatersleben.de/MotifAdjuster.html , a tool that helps to detect these errors, and we demonstrate its efficacy on public data sets.
Genomic Differences Between Pure Ductal Carcinoma <i>In Situ</i> of the Breast and that Associated with Invasive Disease: a Calibrated aCGH Study
Authors: Vladimir V. Iakovlev, Nona C.R. Arneson, Vietty Wong, Chunjie Wang, Stephanie Leung, Gaiane Iakovleva, Keisha Warren, Melania Pintilie, Susan J. Done
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: In the quest for new targets, genomes of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC) have been compared previously; however, genomic alterations associated with cancer progression were difficult to identify. We hypothesized that significant events can be detected by comparing lesions with a broader range of behavior: from pure DCIS to IDC associated with lymph node metastasis. Experimental Design: Array comparative genomic hybridization, calibrated by self-self hybridization tests, was used to study 6 cases of pure DCIS and 17 cases of DCIS paired with IDC where 8 tumors had spread to the local lymph nodes. Results: Pure DCIS exhibited a marginally higher degree of genomic complexity than DCIS and IDC components of invasive tumors. The latter two showed similarity between tumors and between components of the same tumor with several regions detected preferentially compared with pure DCIS. IDC associated with lymph node metastases showed similarity of genomic profiles as a group. Gain on 17q22-24.2 was associated with higher histologic grade, large IDC size, lymphatic/vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that DCIS and IDC are associated with specific genomic events. DCIS associated with IDC is genomically similar to the invasive component and therefore may represent either a clone with high invasive potential or invasive cancer spreading through the ducts. Specifically, gain on 17q22-24.2 is a candidate region for further testing as a predictor of invasion when detected in DCIS and predictor of nodal metastasis when detected in DCIS or IDC.
Inhibition of protein kinase CK2 with the clinical-grade small ATP-competitive compound CX-4945 or by RNA interference unveils its role in acute myeloid leukemia cell survival, p53-dependent apoptosis and daunorubicin-induced cytotoxicity
Authors: Laura Quotti Tubi, Carmela Gurrieri, Alessandra Brancalion, Laura Bonaldi, Roberta Bertorelle, Sabrina Manni, Laura Pavan, Federica Lessi, Renato Zambello, Livio Trentin, Fausto Adami, Maria Ruzzene, Lorenzo A Pinna, Gianpietro Semenzato, Francesco Piazza
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2013)

Abstract Background The involvement of protein kinase CK2 in sustaining cancer cell survival could have implications also in the resistance to conventional and unconventional therapies. Moreover, CK2 role in blood tumors is rapidly emerging and this kinase has been recognized as a potential therapeutic target. Phase I clinical trials with the oral small ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 are currently ongoing in solid tumors and multiple myeloma. Methods We have analyzed the expression of CK2 in acute myeloid leukemia and its function in cell growth and in the response to the chemotherapeutic agent daunorubicin We employed acute myeloid leukemia cell lines and primary blasts from patients grouped according to the European LeukemiaNet risk classification. Cell survival, apoptosis and sensitivity to daunorubicin were assessed by different means. p53-dependent CK2-inhibition-induced apoptosis was investigated in p53 wild-type and mutant cells. Results CK2α was found highly expressed in the majority of samples across the different acute myeloid leukemia prognostic subgroups as compared to normal CD34 + hematopoietic and bone marrow cells. Inhibition of CK2 with CX-4945, K27 or siRNAs caused a p53-dependent acute myeloid leukemia cell apoptosis. CK2 inhibition was associated with a synergistic increase of the cytotoxic effects of daunorubicin. Baseline and daunorubicin-induced STAT3 activation was hampered upon CK2 blockade. Conclusions These results suggest that CK2 is over expressed across the different acute myeloid leukemia subsets and acts as an important regulator of acute myeloid leukemia cell survival. CK2 negative regulation of the protein levels of tumor suppressor p53 and activation of the STAT3 anti-apoptotic pathway might antagonize apoptosis and could be involved in acute myeloid leukemia cell resistance to daunorubicin.
Pseudomonas thoracic empyema secondary to nosocomial rhinosinusitis
Authors: P Meyer, JM Guerin, Y Habib, C Levy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1988)

Three cases of Pseudomonas thoracic empyema occurring in nasotracheally intubated patients are reported. Paranasal rhinosinusitis, a well documented complication of prolonged nasotracheal intubation, could be the primary infectious location. Massive respiratory tract colonization leads to extensive necrotizing pulmonary lesions. Failure of diagnosis and treatment of sinus involvement could be responsible for persistent or recurrent pleural empyema. Treatment includes continuous pleural drainage, sinusitis treatment and antibiotics. This complication should be considered in the choice between early tracheostomy and prolonged nasotracheal intubation in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients.
Randomized Trial of a Hypnosis Intervention for Treatment of Hot Flashes Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Gary Elkins, Joel Marcus, Vered Stearns, Michelle Perfect, M. Hasan Rajab, Christopher Ruud, Lynne Palamara, Timothy Keith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Hot flashes are a significant problem for many breast cancer survivors. Hot flashes can cause discomfort, disrupted sleep, anxiety, and decreased quality of life. A well-tolerated and effective mind-body treatment for hot flashes would be of great value. On the basis of previous case studies, this study was developed to evaluate the effect of a hypnosis intervention for hot flashes.Sixty female breast cancer survivors with hot flashes were randomly assigned to receive hypnosis intervention (five weekly sessions) or no treatment. Eligible patients had to have a history of primary breast cancer without evidence of detectable disease and 14 or more weekly hot flashes for at least 1 month. The major outcome measure was a bivariate construct that represented hot flash frequency and hot flash score, which was analyzed by a classic sums and differences comparison. Secondary outcome measures were self-reports of interference of hot flashes on daily activities.Fifty-one randomly assigned women completed the study. By the end of the treatment period, hot flash scores (frequency x average severity) decreased 68% from baseline to end point in the hypnosis arm (P < .001). Significant improvements in self-reported anxiety, depression, interference of hot flashes on daily activities, and sleep were observed for patients who received the hypnosis intervention (P < .005) in comparison to the no treatment control group.Hypnosis appears to reduce perceived hot flashes in breast cancer survivors and may have additional benefits such as reduced anxiety and depression, and improved sleep.
Olympic drug testing centre will house new 10m research facility after games
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A groundbreaking research centre is to be funded with £10m (€12.8m; $15.7m) over five years and will be based at the current antidoping facilities for the London Olympic Games.

The new Medical Research Council Phenome Centre at the current Olympics antidoping laboratory in Harlow, Essex, will help researchers to explore disease characteristics so as to develop new drugs and treatments. Researchers at the centre will investigate the phenome patterns of patients and volunteers by analysing samples, usually blood or urine, very rapidly and on an unprecedented scale.

The intention is that this will help them to discover new biomarkers to explain why one person or …
Landing in netball: effects of taping and bracing the ankle.
Authors: D M Hopper, P McNair, B C Elliott
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of bracing and taping on selected electromyographic, kinematic, and kinetic variables when landing from a jump. METHODS: Fifteen netball players performed a jump, so as to land on their dominant limb on a force plate. Electromyographic activity was recorded from the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and peroneus longus muscles. Subjects were also filmed and measures of rearfoot motion were derived. RESULTS: Significantly less electromyographic activity (p&lt;0.007) was observed from the gastrocnemius and peroneus longus muscle groups when subjects were braced. No other significant electromyographical findings were observed. Peak vertical ground reaction force and time to peak for vertical ground reaction force were not affected by bracing and taping, nor were the rearfoot and Achilles tendon angles at foot strike. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of bracing and taping on the selected biomechanics variables associated with landing was specifically limited to a reduction in muscle action, particularly for the braced condition. Netball players can be confident that the biomechanics of their landing patterns will not be altered whether they choose to wear a brace or tape their ankle joints.
Association of Hospital-Level Volume of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cases and Mortality. Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry
Authors: Ryan P. Barbaro, Folafoluwa O. Odetola, Kelley M. Kidwell, Matthew L. Paden, Robert H. Bartlett, Matthew M. Davis, Gail M. Annich
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: Recent pediatric studies suggest a survival benefit exists for higher-volume extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers.Objectives: To determine if higher annual ECMO patient volume is associated with lower case-mix–adjusted hospital mortality rate.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed an international registry of ECMO support from 1989 to 2013. Patients were separated into three age groups: neonatal (0–28 d), pediatric (29 d to <18 yr), and adult (≥18 yr). The measure of hospital ECMO volume was age group–specific and adjusted for patient-level case-mix and hospital-level variance using multivariable hierarchical logistic regression modeling. The primary outcome was death before hospital discharge. A subgroup analysis was conducted for 2008–2013.Measurements and Main Results: From 1989 to 2013, a total of 290 centers provided ECMO support to 56,222 patients (30,909 neonates, 14,725 children, and 10,588 adults). Annual ECMO mortality rates varied widely across ECMO centers: the interquartile range was 18–50% for neonates, 25–66% for pediatrics, and 33–92% for adults. For 1989–2013, higher age group–specific ECMO volume was associated with lower odds of ECMO mortality for neonates and adults but not for pediatric cases. In 2008–2013, the volume–outcome association remained statistically significant only among adults. Patients receiving ECMO at hospitals with more than 30 adult annual ECMO cases had significantly lower odds of mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.46–0.80) compared with adults receiving ECMO at hospitals with less than six annual cases.Conclusions: In this international, case-mix–adjusted analysis, higher annual hospital ECMO volume was associated with lower mortality in 1989–2013 for neonates and adults; the association among adults persisted in 2008–2013.
ESCAPEing from bad-quality air: a cleaner air, from Europe to elsewhere
Authors: Joan B. Soriano, Pippa Powell, Steve Sealy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

There are many areas of life we don’t fully understand: how do babies learn to speak? Why do we sometimes laugh while reading? Why did Peter Sellers never receive an Oscar? Making the connections is not always easy. In a similar way, seasoned respiratory experts often say there are two types of respiratory research that are intrinsically difficult: anything related to tobacco, and environmental epidemiology. The ESCAPE project contributes important evidence to the EU air quality policy debate <http://ow.ly/CnD0m>
Patients' preferences for adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer: what makes AC and CMF worthwhile now?
Authors: V.M. Duric, M.R. Stockler, S. Heritier, F. Boyle, J. Beith, A. Sullivan, N. Wilcken, A.S. Coates, R.J. Simes
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)
Real-life Treatment Paradigms Show Infliximab Is Cost-effective for Management of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Victoria Ung, Nguyen Xuan Thanh, Karen Wong, Karen I. Kroeker, Thomas Lee, Haili Wang, Arto Ohinmaa, Philip Jacobs, Richard N. Fedorak
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)