tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The living individual and its kind
Authors: Michael Thompson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The empirical advances the target article makes over Atran (1990) tend not so much to enrich our knowledge of the “folk taxonomic” hierarchy as to militate against the idea of one. Folk-biological domain-specific universals are to be found not in “taxonomic” kind-kind subordination relations, but in the relation of individual organisms to low ranking kinds and in the peculiarities of those kinds.
Contribution of allied health professionals to NHS care goes unrecorded
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The NHS lacks evidence to show whether the £2bn (€2.5bn; $3bn) it spent on allied health professionals (AHPs) in 2013 improved care quality, analysts have said.

The Health Foundation and Nuffield Trust said that AHPs were a growing part of the NHS workforce and were likely to deliver more care in future, often supporting people with long term conditions.

But Holly Dorning, a Nuffield research analyst, said, …
Lower Limb Paralysis Induced in Mice by a Temperature-Sensitive Mutant of Moloney Leukemia Virus2
Authors: J. A. McCarter, J. K. Ball, J. V. Frei
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

A temperature-sensitive mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus defective in an early function and injected into newborn mice produced lower limb paralysis. Susceptible mice were inbred strains CFW/D, CBA/H, C3H/Bi/Ka, and outbred NIH Swiss stock. Inbred W/Fu rats and C57BL/Ka mice did not develop the paralysis, though the latter were infected with virus; the sera from these mice produced paralysis in susceptible CFW mice.
High prevalence of autoimmune urticaria in children with chronic urticaria
Authors: Luigia Brunetti, Ruggiero Francavilla, Vito L. Miniello, Michael H. Platzer, Domenica Rizzi, Maria Letizia Lospalluti, Lars K. Poulsen, Lucio Armenio, Per Stahl Skov
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Alteration of myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐ATPase and Na<sup>+</sup>–Ca<sup>2+</sup>exchanger expression in human left ventricular volume overload
Authors: Przemyslaw Leszek, Malgorzata Szperl, Anna Klisiewicz, Jadwiga Janas, Andrzej Biederman, Tomasz Rywik, Walerian Piotrowski, Mieczyslaw Kopacz, Jerzy Korewicki
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
Foreign Medical School Education of American Citizens
Authors: Alex W. Ulin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent federal regulations governing the participation of foreigners in the American postgraduate medical education program will have a substantial impact on the staffing of many of our hospitals and health care facilities. There are now several restrictions placed on foreign medical students so that their option of electing to stay in this country, live here, and practice medicine here may become a virtual impossibility.<sup>1</sup>At the present moment, there are literally thousands of foreign physicians who are staffing the various health facilities, eg, clinics, nursing homes, institutes, and hospitals. This number faces drastic reduction (241:917, 1979).<sup>2</sup>How will we replace this lost specialized type of manpower? In the light of this question, the education of American citizens in foreign medical schools, and parenthetically, the program for training physicians' assistants, requires further critical scrutiny as well as constructive consideration. There are many American students enrolled
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia on F-18 FDG PET
Authors: Sally M. Sojan, Ghee Chew
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 49-year-old male renal transplant recipient presented with tonsillar posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). He went into complete remission after Mabthera and CHOP therapy but then developed anemia (Hb 4 g/dL). A gastric ulcer secondary to cytomegalovirus was discovered endoscopically. Ganciclovir was begun but neutropenia and fever developed. Chest x-ray showed interstitial changes in a perihilar distribution. There was further weight loss and a rise in LDH. Recurrence of PTLD was suspected and PET was performed. Lung aspirate revealed Pneumocystis pneumonia. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) treatment was begun but the patient died soon after.
Cowpox Virus Inhibits the Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing to Evade T Cell Recognition
Authors: Dina Alzhanova, David M. Edwards, Erika Hammarlund, Isabel G. Scholz, Daniëlle Horst, Mary J. Wagner, Chris Upton, Emmanuel J. Wiertz, Mark K. Slifka, Klaus Früh
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
The<i>Pueblo</i>Incident: Psychological Reactions to the Stresses of Imprisonment and Repatriation
Authors: RAYMOND C. SPAULDING, CHARLES V. FORD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The 82 surviving crew members of the U.S.S. Pueblo were evaluated psychiatrically 48 to 72 hours after their release from North Korea. Slightly more than half the crew admitted to experiencing significant anxiety or depression during captivity. Factors associated with poorer adjustment included immaturity, passive-dependency, and obsessive-compulsiveness. Those with schizoid personalities tolerated the imprisonment well. Previous descriptions of a repatriation syndrome in prisoners of war, consisting of initial apathy followed by anger and hostility. were confirmed.
AAV Vectors Expressing LDLR Gain-of-Function Variants Demonstrate Increased Efficacy in Mouse Models of Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Suryanarayan Somanathan, Frank Jacobs, Qiang Wang, Alexandra L. Hanlon, James M. Wilson, Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Rationale: Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder that arises because of loss-of-function mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia is a candidate for gene therapy using adeno-associated viral vectors. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and inducible degrader of LDLR (IDOL) negatively regulate LDLR protein and could dampen adeno-associated viral vector encoded LDLR expression. Objective: We sought to create vectors expressing gain-of-function human LDLR variants that are resistant to degradation by human PCSK9 (hPCSK9) and IDOL and thereby enhance hepatic LDLR protein abundance and plasma LDL cholesterol reduction. Methods and Results: Amino acid substitutions were introduced into the coding sequence of human LDLR cDNA to reduce interaction with hPCSK9 and human IDOL. A panel of mutant human LDLRs was initially screened in vitro for escape from PCSK9. The variant human LDLR-L318D was further evaluated using a mouse model of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia lacking endogenous LDLR and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic, APOBEC-1 (double knockout). Administration of wild-type human LDLR to double knockout mice, expressing hPCSK9, led to diminished LDLR activity. However, LDLR-L318D was resistant to hPCSK9-mediated degradation and effectively reduced cholesterol levels. Similarly, the LDLR-K809R\C818A construct avoided human IDOL regulation and achieved stable reductions in serum cholesterol. An adeno-associated viral vector serotype 8.LDLR-L318D\K809R\C818A vector that carried all 3 amino acid substitutions conferred partial resistance to both hPCSK9- and human IDOL–mediated degradation. Conclusions: Amino acid substitutions in the human LDLR confer partial resistance to PCSK9 and IDOL regulatory pathways with improved reduction in cholesterol levels and improve on a potential gene therapeutic approach to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia subjects.
Mark Twain's Cat
Authors: Lloyd W. Kitchens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters2 February 1999Mark Twain's CatLloyd W. Kitchens Jr., MDLloyd W. Kitchens Jr., MDDallas, TX 75214Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-3-199902020-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Mr. Andes' sensitive, gracefully written essay, “Mark Twain's Cat,” deals with learning to cope with chronic disease (1). The title refers to Twain's observation that “The boy who carries a cat around by its tail learns a lesson that can be taught in no other way.”I too have had a Mark Twain-esque cat visited upon me—Crohn disease for 32 years, since age 19. Using some of the insights that Mr. Andes describes, I was able to complete my medical training and carry on a busy practice of medical oncology for 20 years before the cat got ...Reference1. Andes GM. Mark Twain's cat. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:1043-4. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lloyd W. KitchensJr., MDAffiliations: Dallas, TX 75214 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 February 1999Volume 130, Issue 3Page: 246 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 2 February 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Predictive value of microalbuminuria in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes of long duration.
Authors: C. M. Forsblom, P. H. Groop, A. Ekstrand, L. C. Groop
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the predictive value of microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate 30-300 mg/24 h) as a risk factor for overt diabetic nephropathy in patients with longstanding insulin dependent diabetes. DESIGN--10 year follow up of patients with normoalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate &lt; 30 mg/24 h), microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24 h), and macroalbuminuria (&gt; 300 mg/24 h) based on two out of three timed overnight urine samples. SETTING--Outpatient clinic of Helsinki University Hospital. SUBJECTS--72 consecutive patients who had had insulin dependent diabetes for over 15 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Urinary albumin excretion rate, mortality, and prevalence of diabetic complications after 10 years. RESULTS--56 patients were re-examined at 10 year follow up, 10 had died, five were lost to follow up, and one was excluded because of non-diabetic kidney disease. At initial screening 22 patients had macroalbuminuria, 18 had microalbuminuria, and 26 had normal albumin excretion. Only five (28%, 95% confidence interval 10% to 54%) of the microalbuminuric patients developed macroalbuminuria during the 10 year follow up and none developed end stage renal failure. Two (8%, 1% to 25%) normoalbuminuric patients developed macroalbuminuria and four (15%, 4% to 35%) became microalbuminuric. Seven (32%, 14% to 55%) of the macroalbuminuric patients developed end stage renal failure and six (27%, 11% to 50%) died of cardiovascular complications. CONCLUSION--Microalbuminuria is not a good predictor of progression to overt nephropathy in patients with longstanding insulin dependent diabetes.
Risk factors for development of sexually abusive behaviour in sexually victimised adolescent boys: cross sectional study
Authors: D. Skuse, A. Bentovim, J. Hodges, J. Stevenson, C. Andreou, M. Lanyado, M. New, B. Williams, D. McMillan
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To identify factors that may increase the risk of a sexually victimised adolescent boy developing sexually abusive behaviour. <b>Design</b>: Sexually victimised boys who had sexually abused other children were compared with sexually victimised boys who had not done so. <b>Setting</b>: Social services departments in south east England were invited to refer sexually abused and sexually abusing boys to a London postgraduate teaching hospital. <b>Subjects</b>: 25&nbsp;adolescent boys aged between 11&nbsp;years and 15&nbsp;years and 11&nbsp;months. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Adjusted odds ratios estimated from unconditional logistic regression. <b>Results</b>: Unadjusted odds rations for witnessing (8.1) as well as experiencing (18.0) intrafamilial violence and discontinuity of care (7.2) discriminated boys who had sexually abused from others who were solely victims of sexual abuse. Only the adjusted odds ratios for witnessing intrafamilial violence (39.7)discriminated the two groups. <b>Conclusions</b>: The risk of adolescent boys who have been victims of sexual abuse engaging in sexually abusive behaviour towards other children is increased by life circumstances which may be unrelated directly to the original abusive experience, in particular exposure to a climate of intrafamilial violence. Our findings have implications for the management of boys found to have been sexually abused and raise important questions about the possibility of secondary prevention of subsequent abusive behaviour in those at greatest risk.
Urethritis at a Regional VD Clinic
Authors: John H. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> McChesney et al (226:37, 1973) reported the incidence of gonococcal urethritis in male college students with urethritis to be 8%. They contrasted their findings with those of Kraus and Volk,<sup>1</sup>who found that the number of cases of urethritis at their clinic was equally divided between nonspecific and gonococcal urethritis. As McChesney et al report urethritis in Caucasian college students and Kraus and Volk in middle-class patients, we would like to report briefly on the venereal-disease frequency in black male patients with urethritis at the Neighborhood Union Venereal Disease Clinic, Atlanta. Of 388 male blacks having urethritis, 259 (66.8%) received only a Gram-stain test of urethral exudate, 33 (8.5%) received only a culture test of urethral secretions onto a Thayer-Martin plate, 69 (16.7%) received both tests, and 27 (7.0%) received neither. The Figure presents the relative venereal-disease frequency in these patients with clinical urethritis. Fifty-six and
Type III hyperlipoproteinemic phenotype in transgenic mice expressing dysfunctional apolipoprotein E.
Authors: S Fazio, Y L Lee, Z S Ji, S C Rall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Transgenic mice were prepared that expressed a dysfunctional apo E variant, apo E (Arg-112, Cys-142), which is associated with dominant inheritance of type III hyperlipoproteinemia (type III HLP) in humans. Among eight founder mice, plasma apo E (Arg-112, Cys-142) levels varied 100-fold and directly correlated with plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. On a normal chow diet, mice expressing high levels (> 70 mg/dl) of the dysfunctional apo E had grossly elevated plasma lipids, with cholesterol levels of up to 410 mg/dl and triglyceride levels of up to 1,210 mg/dl. Upon agarose electrophoresis, plasma from these mice demonstrated beta-very low density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL). Mice expressing low (< 2.5 mg/dl) or intermediate (21 mg/dl) levels of the apo E variant had much less severe hyperlipidemia and did not have beta-VLDL. Although the transgenic mouse beta-VLDL were enriched in cholesteryl esters compared with normal mouse VLDL, they were not as cholesterol enriched as human beta-VLDL from type III HLP subjects. Transgenic mouse beta-VLDL injected into normal mice were cleared from plasma at a significantly slower rate than normal mouse VLDL, demonstrating the impaired catabolism of beta-VLDL. Thus, transgenic mice expressing high levels of the dysfunctional apo E (Arg-112, Cys-142) variant have many characteristics of the human type III HLP phenotype and appear to be a suitable animal model for this disorder.
The Interface Between Undergraduate and Graduate Medical Education
Authors: William D. Holden
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The principal current problem related to the interface between undergraduate and graduate medical education is the lack of preparation of graduating medical students to assume many of the patient-care responsibilities required in certain graduate programs. There are two sides to the interface, and both require attention if the problem is to be resolved. The educational quality of the generally permissive fourth year of medical school should be examined in terms of the need for medical schools to prepare students for graduate educational programs. An effective broad first year of graduate medical education requires the development of institutional policy by all clinical departmental directors jointly and the delegation of operational responsibility to a small group of professionals. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1148-1150, 1979)
A School for Crime
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Having passed through the uproar of the 60s, we should not be too surprised to find a goodly number of the uproarious now joining the establishment. It has been a continuously interesting experience to observe the metamorphosis of these peers of one's youth, who probably never considered Robert Frost's wise presentiment that I never dared be radical when young, for fear it would make me conservative when old.  Some of the immediate causes of the restlessness of the 60s are well known—among others, Vietnam and the terrible assassinations. These may have acted as the trigger. But we are prone to forget that struggle is always in progress between young and old, usually latent but potentially dangerous if misunderstood. The social habits of the young—seemingly new, revolutionary, and dangerous—are nothing of the kind, for a modus vivendi can usually be found. As human behavior, these are best understood by those willing
Assessment of the Treatment Effect of Enoxaparin for Unstable Angina/Non–Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Elliott M. Antman, Marc Cohen, David Radley, Carolyn McCabe, Janet Rush, Jerome Premmereur, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Two phase III trials of enoxaparin for unstable angina/non–Q-wave myocardial infarction have shown it to be superior to unfractionated heparin for preventing a composite of death and cardiac ischemic events. A prospectively planned meta-analysis was performed to provide a more precise estimate of the effects of enoxaparin on multiple end points. Methods and Results —Event rates for death, the composite end points of death/nonfatal myocardial infarction and death/nonfatal myocardial infarction/urgent revascularization, and major hemorrhage were extracted from the TIMI 11B and ESSENCE databases. Treatment effects at days 2, 8, 14, and 43 were expressed as the OR (and 95% CI) for enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin. All heterogeneity tests for efficacy end points were negative, which suggests comparability of the findings in TIMI 11B and ESSENCE. Enoxaparin was associated with a 20% reduction in death and serious cardiac ischemic events that appeared within the first few days of treatment, and this benefit was sustained through 43 days. Enoxaparin’s treatment benefit was not associated with an increase in major hemorrhage during the acute phase of therapy, but there was an increase in the rate of minor hemorrhage. Conclusions —The accumulated evidence, coupled with the simplicity of subcutaneous administration and elimination of the need for anticoagulation monitoring, indicates that enoxaparin should be considered as a replacement for unfractionated heparin as the antithrombin for the acute phase of management of patients with high-risk unstable angina/non–Q-wave myocardial infarction.
Targeting mRNA Stability Arrests Inflammatory Bone Loss
Authors: Chetan S Patil, Min Liu, Wenpu Zhao, Derek D Coatney, Fei Li, Elizabeth A VanTubergen, Nisha J D'Silva, Keith L Kirkwood
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Many proinflammatory cytokines contain adenylate-uridylate-rich elements (AREs) within the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) that confer rapid mRNA destabilization. During the inflammatory response, cytokine mRNA are stabilized via complex interactions with RNA-binding proteins controlled by phosphorylation via multiple signaling pathways including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). In the absence of inflammation, a key cytokine-regulating RNA-binding protein, tristetraprolin (TTP), shuttles mRNA transcripts to degradation machinery in order to maintain low levels of inflammatory cytokines. Using this general model of mRNA decay, over expression of TTP was evaluated in an experimental model of inflammatory bone loss to determine whether altering cytokine mRNA stability has an impact in pathological bone resorption. Using adenoviral-delivered TTP, significant reductions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and prostaglandin (PG)E(2) were observed in vitro through a mechanism consistent with targeting mRNA stability. In vivo analysis indicates a significant protective effect from inflammation-induced bone loss and inflammatory infiltrate in animals overexpressing TTP compared with reporter controls. These findings provide experimental evidence that mRNA stability is a valid therapeutic target in inflammatory bone loss.
Abstract P2-01-08: Imaging overview of metaplastic carcinomas of the breast; a study of 46 cases
Authors: FE Langlands, B Dall, D Dodwell, AM Shabaan, N Sharma
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare form of breast cancer affecting &amp;lt;1% of breast cancer patients. Previous studies report that the size of MBC is greater than conventional invasive ductal carcinoma at presentation. This may reflect the rapid growth rate of MBC or the difficulty in diagnosis. Imaging characteristics of MBC are not well described but the few published reports suggest that MBC often mimics benign lesions on imaging. The aim of this study therefore is to review the clinical presentation, baseline imaging features, surgical management and final surgical pathology of MBC in a large UK breast cancer unit. Methods: All female patients diagnosed with MBC during the time period Jan 2005-2012 were identified from the pathology database at Leeds University Teaching Hospitals Trust. Pathology reports were reviewed and data on MBC type (following the WHO classification), size, grade, nodal and molecular marker status was extracted. Mammography, Ultrasound (USS), CT and MRI features were recorded. Follow-up was complete until May 2013. Results: 46 patients were identified with a median age of 61yrs and a 5yr survival of 32.6% (median 50 months). Of the 46 cases, 33 presented symptomatically (71.7%), 37 (80.4%) showed a mass on mammography of which 28 (75.7%) was ill defined, 4 (10.8%) well defined and 5 (13.5%) spiculated. All 46 cases had a mass on USS. The imaging score was Bi-rads (Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System) 5 in 23 cases, Birads 4c in 17 cases and 4a,b in 6 cases. Thirteen patients had MRI. This was performed either to determine disease extent or for neoadjuvant chemotherapy monitoring. All but one of the tumours was seen as a solid mass with some central necrosis the other was seen as an area of nodular enhancement. Nine cases had a staging CT scan for metastatic disease which was negative in all cases.The average size was 28mm (range 11-75mm), 8 (17.3%) were histological grade 3, 5 (10.9%) cases had involved lymph nodes and 28 (60.8%) cases were triple receptor negative. Only 2 cases were HER2 positive. Conclusion: In this series metaplastic cancers were symptomatic in &amp;gt;70%, tended to be large at the time of presentation and only 11% of cases had nodal involvement which is consistent with previous reports. Review of our radiology revealed that all modalities used (mammogram, USS and MRI) reliably showed characteristics suggestive of malignancy. Features suggestive of malignancy include spiculated or irregular ill defined masses on mammography or ultrasound and on MRI large irregular masses with central necrosis and rim enhancement following contrast. These are characteristic or suggestive of malignancy which is contrary to many previous studies of MBC that suggest MBC is difficult to pick up on imaging and commonly exhibits benign features. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-01-08.