tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchial Asthma: Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Mark J. Ellenbogen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<i>Bronchial Asthma</i>, edited by M. Eric Gershwin, is an excellent compendium of up-to-date information concerning a common medical syndrome. The chapters in this wellwritten book span the total range of the illness, including pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment. The editor has also incorporated chapters on important and hard-to-find information such as epidemiology and psychological considerations. The chapters on immunology are complex but understandable. The medical diagnosis and treatment section is well organized and would be genuinely valuable to an active clinician. A specific allergy history and survey questionnaire is included. Pharmacology and pathophysiology are integrated quite well, and all aspects of asthma from childhood to adult, and even problems of pregnancy, are discussed. I believe that this book is a success. Current information is well referenced and presented in a concise, easily readable style. More importantly, each author is genuinely trying to teach the reader. The frequent use of tables
Antigen-Specific Tolerance by Autologous Myelin Peptide–Coupled Cells: A Phase 1 Trial in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Andreas Lutterotti, Sara Yousef, Andreas Sputtek, Klarissa H. Stürner, Jan-Patrick Stellmann, Petra Breiden, Stefanie Reinhardt, Christian Schulze, Maxim Bester, Christoph Heesen, Sven Schippling, Stephen D. Miller, Mireia Sospedra, Roland Martin
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Antigen-coupled cells result in antigen-specific tolerization for treatment of multiple sclerosis.
KIDNEY FUNCTION DURING NORMAL PREGNANCY I. THE INCREASED UREA CLEARANCE OF NORMAL PREGNANCY 1
Authors: Margaret Nice
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1935)

With the advent of urea and creatinine clearance tests as measures of kidney function, the possibility of more closely associating the etiology of the toxemias of pregnancy with renal pathol- ogy was reopened.Thus, Stander, Ashton and Cadden (1) undertook an investigation of renal function in the toxemias of pregnancy and deter- mined the urea and creatinine clearance rates, in conjunction with a number of other tests of kid- ney function, on 65 women in various stages of pregnancy.They found no important variations in normal pregnancy or in the low reserve kidney of pregnancy.However, both clearances were subnormal, at from 55 to 80 per cent, in nephritic toxemias (Stander's classification (2)).Cadden and McLane (3) extended these studies on 343 pathological pregnancies, using urea and creati- nine clearance and the phenolsulphonephthalein tests of kidney function, and concluded that only urea clearance was sufficiently sensitive to dif- ferentiate chronic nephritis from the other toxe- mias of pregnancy.Their antepartum averages were: for 9 cases of normal pregnancy, 122.7 per cent; for 90 of low reserve kidney, 101.7; for 87 of nephritis, 75.3; for 17 of preeclampsia, 84.4; and for 4 cases of eclampsia, 54.7 per cent., in 103 tests performed in the ninth month of pregnancy, found urea clearance values from 90 to 140 per cent, averaging 127 per cent, in normal pregnancy, and from 26 to 84 per cent in eclampsia, chronic nephritis and the late toxemias of pregnancy.There were a few high values in the last two groups.Cantarow
"God and the Doctor we Alike Adore."
Authors: Burnside Foster
Journal: JAMA (1896)

St. Paul, Nov. 30, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The lines quoted by R. M. W. in your issue of Nov. 28, 1896, and concerning the authorship of which he asks information, are a translation of a Latin epigram written by Euricius Cordus, who was a professor of medicine in Marburg in the sixteenth century. The original, Latin is: "Tres medicus facies habet, unam quando rogatur, Angelicam; mox est, cum juvat ipse, Deus. Post, ubi curato poscit sua præmia morbo, Horridus apparet terribilisque Sathan." Yours truly,
Studies of the pathogenesis of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.
Authors: M Honda, H R Smith, A D Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

We studied the immune functions of two patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) in an attempt to determine whether the B cells were primarily hyperactive or, rather, if T cell abnormalities might underlie the B cell hyperactivity observed in these patients. We found that the B cells of the AILD patients did not proliferate spontaneously, nor were they induced to proliferate excessively by fresh normal T cells. In contrast, AILD T cells induced both autologous and allogeneic B cells to proliferate and to differentiate into Ig secreting cells. Spontaneous culture supernates of T cells obtained from each patient induced substantial proliferation of B cells (B cell-activating activity) as well as proliferation in a standard costimulatory assay (B cell growth factor activity). The culture supernate of a T cell line, which was established from one patient, showed both activities. The T cell line supernate also induced Ig production by staphylococcal A Cowan-activated B cells. None of these properties of AILD T cells was found among 10 normal controls. The addition of AILD T cells to autologous or allogeneic B cells in the presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) led to marked suppression of both proliferation and Ig production. This was true even in the presence of fresh normal T cells. Pretreatment studies showed that suppressor cells were induced by the interaction of AILD T cells with PWM-activated B cells. The present study suggests that the B cell hyperactivity observed in AILD patients might in part be due to excessive T cell effects on B cells. In addition, our results may help clarify the paradoxical impaired responsiveness to in vitro stimulation with PWM by active B cells from patients with autoimmune diseases.
Controlled Allergen Exposure in the Environmental Exposure Chamber (EEC) Results in a Late Phase Inflammatory Response Evidenced by Increased Eosinophils in the Upper Airway of Allergic Patients
Authors: N. Camuso, S. Zafar, N. Najera, A. Liac, G. Aguirre, A. Salapatek
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Adequacy of prescribing nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy for the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome on the basis of night time respiratory recording variables.
Authors: J M Montserrat, A Alarcon, P Lloberes, E Ballester, C Fornas, R Rodriguez-Roisin
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--The increased demand of full polysomnographic studies, not only for diagnostic purposes but also for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration, has produced long waiting lists. Simpler methods are therefore needed to avoid having to refer all patients for full polysomnography. The hypothesis that CPAP therapy for the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) can be performed exclusively on the basis of recording night time respiratory variables was tested. METHODS--The level of CPAP in a group of 41 patients (three women) of mean (SD) age 52 (10) years, body mass index 31.5 (4.4) kg/m2, and apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) 53(16) events/hour was measured. During a two week period CPAP titration was performed in a random order in two settings: (1) in the sleep laboratory using full polysomnography; and (2) in the respiratory ward using equipment which continuously recorded and displayed pulse oximetry, airflow, chest and abdominal motion, and body position. The level of CPAP was increased progressively until apnoea, hypopnoea, snoring, and thoraco-abdominal paradox disappeared. RESULTS--No differences in CPAP levels (9.34(2.2) versus 9.68 (2.1) cm H2O) were found between full polysomnography and night time respiratory recordings. The accuracy of the measurement of both procedures showed good agreement. Only one patient showed a significant difference in CPAP level requirements between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS--Night time respiratory recording is sufficient to permit a reasonable choice of CPAP levels to abolish all the respiratory disturbances in most of the patients studied.
The American College of Physicians Award Lecture: The Central Nervous Mechanisms Involved in Pyrogen Fever.
Authors: Philip Bard
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968The American College of Physicians Award Lecture: The Central Nervous Mechanisms Involved in Pyrogen Fever.Philip Bard, Ph.D.Philip Bard, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1140_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThat bodily changes evoked by pyrogen are those exhibited by an animal exposed to cold suggests that fever results from activation of the hypothalamic mechanism requisite for defense against hypothermia, one that mediates reduction in heat loss and increase in heat production. Cats that have long survived truncation of the brain stem below the hypothalamus cannot resist chilling and show no trace of fever when given pyrogen intravenously in doses that cause a marked elevation of body temperature in normal, decorticate, and hypothalamic animals (all of which possess a normal regulation against cold). Microinjections of pyrogen (one one-hundredth the threshold... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Philip Bard, Ph.D.Affiliations: Baltimore, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1140-1140KeywordsBrainFeversHypothalamusHypothermiaTemperature ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Gout and Hyperuricaemia in Rural and Urban Populations
Authors: A. J. Popert, J. V. Hewitt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1962)

Estimates of the prevalence of gout in different countries vary widely, but previously reported studies have related to selected groups, such as patients attending a hospital clinic, and no reliable information is available of the prevalence of the disease in the general population.Many wellauthenticated reports have shown that the incidence of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia is in the region of 25 per cent. in the blood relatives of patients with gout (Talbott, 1940; Smyth, 1957; Stecher, Hersh, and Solomon, 1949).These studies have been interpreted as showing that hyperuricaemia is due to the inheritance of a single autosomal dominant gene with higher penetrance in the male than the female, although Hauge and Harvald (1955) suggested that more than one gene might be concerned.The familial nature of gout has been recognized since antiquity and is not in doubt, but whether familial hyperuricaemia is necessarily always associated with an increased incidence of clinical gout is not clear.Data bearing on this question, which have been obtained during surveys carried out by the Field Unit of the Empire Rheumatism Council under the direction of Dr. J. S. Lawrence, are presented in this paper.
3D ANGIOGRAPHY/IVUS-VH BASED ANALYSIS OF TEMPORAL CHANGES IN NECROTIC CORE CONTENT AND LUMINAL DISTRIBUTION WITH STATIN TREATMENT
Authors: Zhi Chen, Andreas Wahle, Richard Downe, Tatiana Masiarova, Hana Skalicka, Ross Vimr, Ales Kral, Stepan Jerabek, John Lopez, Milan Sonka, Tomas Kovarnik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
High-Dose Bolus Urography
Authors: Bashir H. Mamdani
Journal: JAMA (1975)

High-dose bolus urography was evaluated in 38 patients with severe renal failure. lothalamate meglumine (Conray 60) (2 ml/kg of body weight) was injected within one minute and nephrotomograms were taken for 30 minutes, with delayed films until 24 hours. Immediate nephrograms were obtained in all cases. The collecting systems, seen in 29 cases, were dilated in three. In the rest, obstruction could be ruled out by a combination of roentgenographic criteria. No untoward reactions occurred, and all the required information was obtained within 30 minutes. The results were superior to plain nephrotomography or infusion pyelography. We conclude that bolus nephrotomography is the procedure of choice in the investigation of severe renal failure. (<i>JAMA</i>234:1054-1056, 1975)
Hepatitis B virus polymerase impairs interferon-α-induced STA T activation through inhibition of importin-α5 and protein kinase C-δ
Authors: Jieliang Chen, Min Wu, Xiaonan Zhang, Wen Zhang, Zhanqing Zhang, Lixiang Chen, Jing He, Ye Zheng, Cuncun Chen, Fan Wang, Yunwen Hu, Xiaohui Zhou, Cong Wang, Yang Xu, Mengji Lu, Zhenghong Yuan
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Treatment with exogenous interferon (IFN)-α is not effective in the majority of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Recent evidence suggests that HBV has evolved strategies to block the nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 to limit IFN-α-induced cellular antiviral responses. However, it remains unclear whether STAT1 translocation is impaired in chronic hepatitis B patients and what mechanisms are involved. Here we report that the expression of HBV polymerase (Pol) in human hepatic cell lines inhibited induction of IFN-stimulated genes and resulted in a weakened antiviral activity of IFN-α. Ectopic expression of Pol suppressed IFN-α-induced STAT1 serine 727 phosphorylation and STAT1/2 nuclear accumulation, whereas STAT1 tyrosine 701 phosphorylation, and STAT1-STAT2 heterodimer formation were not affected. Further studies demonstrated that Pol interacted with the catalytic domain of protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) and perturbed PKC-δ phosphorylation and its association with STAT1, which resulted in the suppression of STAT1 Ser727 phosphorylation. Moreover, Pol was found to interfere with nuclear transportation of STAT1/2 by competitively binding to the region of importin-α5 required for STAT1/2 recruitment. Truncation analysis suggested that the terminal protein and RNase H domains of Pol were able to bind to PKC-δ and importin-α5, respectively, and were responsible for the inhibition of IFN-α signaling. More importantly, the inhibition of STAT1 and PKC-δ phosphorylation were confirmed in a hydrodynamic-based HBV mouse model, and the blockage of IFN-α-induced STAT1/2 nuclear translocation was observed in HBV-infected cells from liver biopsies of chronic HBV patients.These results demonstrate a role for Pol in HBV-mediated antagonization of IFN-α signaling and provide a possible molecular mechanism by which HBV resists the IFN therapy and maintains its persistence.
Synergy of therapeutic vaccination against HPV16 oncogenic proteins and standard chemotherapeutics
Authors: Cornelis J Melief, Marij JP Welters, Tetje van der Sluis, Helene van Meir, Suzanne van Duikeren, Suzanna Huppelschoten, Ekaterina S Jordanova, Judith Kroep, Gemma Kenter, Vincent Smit, Ferry Ossendorp, Bob van de Water, Mariette van Poelgeest, Jacobus Burggraaf, Ramon Arens, Sjoerd H van der Burg
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts We previously developed a synthetic long peptide (SLP) vaccine against HPV16 oncoproteins that induced lesion regression in patients with HPV16+ high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, correlated with strong vaccine-prompted HPV16-specific T cell responses. In patients with
A Role for Platelets and Endothelial Selectins in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Leukocyte Recruitment in the Brain Microvasculature
Authors: Juliana Carvalho-Tavares, Michael J. Hickey, Jamie Hutchison, Jean Michaud, Ian T. Sutcliffe, Paul Kubes
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —The mechanisms mediating leukocyte recruitment into the cerebral nervous system during inflammation are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the leukocyte recruitment in the brain microcirculation by intravital microscopy. Superfusion of the brain with artificial cerebrospinal fluid did not induce leukocyte rolling or adhesion. However, intraperitoneal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) caused marked leukocyte rolling and adhesion in the brain microcirculation. Histology revealed that the recruitment was primarily of neutrophils. Both E- and P-selectin were required for TNF-α–induced leukocyte recruitment, as rolling was reduced after treatment with either anti–E- or anti–P-selectin antibody and eliminated in E- or P-selectin–deficient mice. A significant increase in brain P- and E-selectin expression was seen after TNF-α treatment, but both were an order of magnitude less than in any other tissue. We observed significant platelet paving of TNF-α–stimulated endothelium and found that anti-platelet antibody reduced leukocyte rolling and adhesion, as did acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). However, depletion of platelets did not reduce cerebral P-selectin expression. Moreover, chimeric mice lacking P-selectin on endothelium but not platelets had significantly decreased P-selectin expression and reduced leukocyte recruitment in the brain. This suggests a role for endothelial P-selectin in cerebral leukocyte recruitment. In conclusion, TNF-α–induced neutrophil recruitment into the brain requires both endothelial E-selectin and P-selectin as well as platelets, but platelet P-selectin was not a major contributor to this process.
Use of alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists in the functional assessment of the sympathetic nervous system.
Authors: D Robertson, M R Goldberg, C S Tung, A S Hollister, R M Robertson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We studied the effects of clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist, and yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist, on blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma catecholamines in 12 patients with autonomic dysfunction. Clonidine (0.1 mg, orally) lowered blood pressure 18 +/- 3 torr in six subjects and raised it 5 +/- 1 torr in six. The change in blood pressure in response to this dose of clonidine was inversely proportional to the supine level of norepinephrine (P less than 0.05). Yohimbine (4-64 micrograms/kg) raised plasma norepinephrine and blood pressure in six patients with degenerative autonomic dysfunction. Yohimbine also attenuated by 50% (P less than 0.05) the hypotensive response to head-up tilt of patients with degenerative autonomic dysfunction. Clonidine depends upon postjunctional hypersensitivity and the degree of autonomic insufficiency to elicit its pressor response. In contrast, the pressor response to yohimbine is related to the capacity of the sympathetic nervous system to be activated and release norepinephrine. If plasma norepinephrine levels following yohimbine administration are monitored, the biochemical and hemodynamic response to the drug may provide a sensitive indication of the capacity of the sympathetic nervous system to be activated in patients with autonomic dysfunction.
Sustaining the Common Language
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

SOME months ago its was reported that Mr. Robert Burchfield, the chief editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, had said at a press conference1 in Chicago that in another 200 years, English-speaking Americans and English-speaking Britons will not be able to understand what they are saying to each other. He said that vocabulary, not accent, would be the stumbling block, and he pointed out that the language split began late in the 18th century. Since that time there has been a progressive divergence between British English and American English, and Mr. Burchfield believes that this division will eventually lead . . .
A case-control study to assess the risk of immune thrombocytopenia associated with vaccines
Authors: Lamiae Grimaldi-Bensouda, Marc Michel, Elodie Aubrun, Pamela Leighton, Jean-Francois Viallard, Daniel Adoue, Nadine Magy-Bertrand, Guillaume Tisserand, Mehdi Khellaf, Jean-Marc Durand, Philippe Quittet, Olivier Fain, Bernard Bonnotte, Anne Sophie Morin, Nicolas Limal, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau, Nathalie Morel, Brigitte Pan-Petesch, Olivier Decaux, Matthieu Mahevas, Michel Ruel, Karim Sacre, Francois Lefrere, Lucien Abenhaim, Bertrand Godeau
Journal: Blood (2012)
Analysis by a plaque assay of IgG- or IgM- dependent cytolytic lymphocytes in human blood.
Authors: B Wåhlin, H Perlmann, P Perlmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

When monolayers of bovine erythrocytes (Eb) were exposed to purified human blood lymphocytes and either IgG or IgM fractions of rabbit anti-Eb serum, clear zones (plaques) appeared when Eb had been lysed by antibody-dependent effector cells (K cells). IgG-dependent plaque formation was complete by 20 h of incubation, while the IgM-dependent reaction required 40 h. The estimated minimal numbers of plaque forming cells (PFC) were 5.6% (IgG) and 2.0% (IgM) of the added lymphocytes. Inhibition experiments with human IgG or IgM indicated that different immunoglobulin receptors on the effector cells were involved in the two systems. In the IgG system, approximately 50% of the PFC had complement receptors and approximately 30% receptors for Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin (HP). In the IgM system, less than 10% of the PFC had complement receptors, while approximately 60% had HP receptors. The results suggest that a subset of human T cells had IgM-dependent K-cell potential. These cells are different from the majority of the IgG-dependent K cells.
Outlook following "somnolence syndrome" after prophylactic cranial irradiation.
Authors: D Parker, J S Malpas, R Sandland, P C Sheaff, J E Freeman, A Paxton
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Outlook following "somnolence syndrome" after prophylactic cranial irradiationThe "somnolence syndrome" consists of drowsiness, lethargy, anorexia, and irritability occuring in about 600% of children six
Percutaneous Endoscopic Polypectomy of Gallbladder Polyps
Authors: Z.-L. Ji, H.-R. Chen, E.-H. Wang, D.-T. Yang, N.-R. Gao, J.-Z. Yang, B.-Y. Liu
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

We report here our preliminary experience with percutaneous endoscopic polypectomy of gallbladder polyps. Five patients with a total of 17 cholesterol polyps (size: 4-6 mm) and one patient with two gallbladder adenomas (size: 5 mm), four of whom were symptomatic and all of whom refused cholecystectomy, underwent a single-stage procedure under epidural anesthesia. All patients had functioning gallbladders, as assessed by oral cholecystography after stimulation. Following a small incision, the gallbladder was pulled out of the abdominal wall, incised, and a cholecystoscope introduced. The polyps were coagulated at their stalk using microwave irradiation (70-80 mA, 9 sec) and removed for histopathological evaluation thereafter. A catheter was left in situ for ten days. Follow-up for a mean of 11.6 months (8-16 months) showed all patients to be symptom-free and without recurrence of polyps on ultrasonography. Gallbladder function was assessed in five cases by meal-stimulated oral cholecystography, and in one by hepato-iminodiacetate acid (HIDA) scan and was found to be well preserved. The preliminary results warrant further evaluation of this method of removing indeterminate gallbladder polyps.
Neurohumoral modulation of intracellular pH in the heart
Authors: M Puceat, G Vassort
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Neurohumoral modulation of intracellular pH in the heart Get access M Pucéat, M Pucéat * Laboratoire de Physiopathologie cardiovasculaire, INSERM U-390, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 avenue du doyen Gieaud, 34235 Montpellier Cedex 05, France *Correspondence to Dr Pucéat. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G Vassort G Vassort Laboratoire de Physiopathologie cardiovasculaire, INSERM U-390, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 avenue du doyen Gieaud, 34235 Montpellier Cedex 05, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 29, Issue 2, February 1995, Pages 178–183, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88567-1 Published: 01 February 1995 Article history Received: 29 March 1994 Accepted: 06 July 1994 Published: 01 February 1995