tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation of granulopoiesis by the basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional inhibitors Id1 and Id2
Authors: Miranda Buitenhuis, Hanneke W. M. van Deutekom, Liesbeth P. Verhagen, Anders Castor, Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen, Jan-Willem J. Lammers, Leo Koenderman, Paul J. Coffer
Journal: Blood (2005)
826 SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF TWICE DAILY VERSUS EVERY 8 HOUR TELAPREVIR WITH PEGINTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN (PR) IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Y. Horsmans, R.S. Brown, M. Buti, K. Agarwal, W. Sievert, E. Janczewska, S. Zeuzem, L. Nyberg, C. Hezode, M. Rizzetto, R. Parana, S. De Meyer, R. De Masi, D. Luo, J. Witek
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Vikenti Vikentievich Veresaev (Smidovich), 1867–1945
Authors: Naomi Raskin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IN 1901 great excitement was created in Russian literary circles by the publication of Memoirs of a Physician, written by the thirty-three-year-old Veresaev. The medical press took him to task for "unwarranted attacks" on medical education; the lay press was horrified at the thought that people's lives were being entrusted to incompetent, poorly trained physicians. Veresaev suddenly became the most famous and most abused physician in all Russia.Yet, when one reads this sixty-year-old discourse on teaching methods, medical ethics, public-health problems, alcoholism, mental disease, child mortality and the relations between mortality statistics, medical progress, sanitation and economics, one cannot . . .
Abstract LB-40: Guanine nucleotide exchange factors Dock7 and Ect2 mediate HGF/c-MET-induced glioblastoma cell invasion.
Authors: David W. Murray, Sebastien Didier, Vincent M. Paulino, Amanda Chan, Nhan L. Tran, Annette T. Byrne, Marc H. Symons
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor. It is an incurable disease with an average life expectancy of just 14 months following diagnosis. GBM morbidity is primarily due to its rapid growth, neovascularization and invasion throughout the brain. The angiogenesis inhibitor, bevacizumab, now approved for GBM treatment, has been shown to cause enhanced tumor cell invasion in part via c-MET (HGF-receptor) signaling. We have previously shown that several members of the Rho family of small GTPases, including Rac1, Rac3, RhoG and Cdc42, play central roles in GBM tumor cell invasion. Rho GTPases are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rho GEFs). Herein we focus on identifying GEFs that act on Rac subfamily members and which are of functional importance in GBM. We found that Dock7 and Ect2, two GEFs that can activate Rac proteins, show elevated mRNA and protein expression in human GBM tissue in comparison with non-neoplastic brain. RNAi-mediated depletion of these GEFs in GBM cell lines resulted in decreased HGF- and serum-induced tumor cell invasion in 3-dimensional extracellular matrix in vitro and organotypic ex vivo brain slice invasion assays. GEF activity of Dock7 and Ect2 were shown to be increased by HGF using a pull-down with Rac1G15A, a nucleotide binding-deficient mutant of Rac1. Furthermore, Dock7 and Ect2 were shown to be required for HGF-induced Rac1 activation, lamellipodia formation and cell spreading. Dock7, but not Ect2, was shown to co-immunoprecipitate with c-MET and this interaction was HGF-dependent and required the c-MET adaptor protein GAB1. Dock7 and GAB1 were furthermore shown to co-immunoprecipitate in an HGF-dependent manner. GAB1 was shown to be required for HGF-induced Dock7 and Ect2 Rac1 GEF activities, Rac1 activation and HGF-induced GBM cell invasion. In summary, we have identified two GEFs that are of functional and clinical relevance in the development of the GBM pathologic phenotype. Dock7 and Ect 2 represent potential new drug targets for the management of GBM, especially in combination with an anti-angiogenic approach. Citation Format: David W. Murray, Sebastien Didier, Vincent M. Paulino, Amanda Chan, Nhan L. Tran, Annette T. Byrne, Marc H. Symons. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors Dock7 and Ect2 mediate HGF/c-MET-induced glioblastoma cell invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-40. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-40
DIAGNOSTIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS SEEN IN OUTPATIENT PSYCHIATRIC CLINICS FOR AN ENTIRE STATE (MARYLAND): IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PSYCHIATRIST AND THE MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM PLANNER
Authors: ANITA K. BAHN, CAROLINE A. CHANDLER, LEON EISENBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

This study demonstrates the feasibility and utility of the routine collection of diagnostic and demographic data from all psychiatric outpatient clinics serving residents of a defined geographic area. These data added to existing mental hospital figures and supplemented by reports from private practicing psychiatrists and community agencies not under a psychiatrist's direction will provide a more complete identification of the community's mental health problems, an important step toward the ecology of mental illness.
Italian National Survey of Digestive Endoscopy Disinfection Procedures
Authors: G. B. Orsi, A. Filocamo, L. Di Stefano, A. Tittobello
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Inadequate disinfection of endoscopes and associated instrumentation can result in transmission of bacterial infections to patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the disinfection procedures carried out in the Italian centers of digestive endoscopy.An anonymous postal questionnaire on the methods of cleaning and disinfecting endoscopy equipment in Italy was sent to 781 digestive endoscopy centers; 386 units (49.4 %) replied.Automatic washers were available in 47.6% of units. Nearly all the respondets (99.2%) cleaned the instruments before disinfection, using detergent, germicidal or enzymatic cleaner, but only 69.7% carried out brushing. Most centers (89.2 %) used a glutaraldehyde-based disinfectant (51 % used 2 % glutaraldehyde; 26.9% used 0.4% glutaraldehyde with 1.41% phenol and 0.26% sodium phenate; 5.9% used either; 5.4% did not specify glutaraldehyde formulation). The contact time of the disinfectant was < 10 minutes (1.8%), between 10 and 19 minutes (47.4%), between 20 and 29 minutes (31.9 %) and > or = 30 minutes (16.6%). The use-life of the disinfectant was > or = 14 days in 27.3 % of the centers with automatic washers and 30.8% in all centers. Only 25.4% of the centers carried out some form of sterilization for biopsy forceps. The majority (83.4 %) modified their disinfection procedures in the case of infectious disease patients. Quality control tests on the efficacy of the endoscopy disinfection procedures were carried out in 44.6 % of units. Only 43 % of the centers were based in hospitals with an infection control (surveillance) program.The data collected in the study showed that, in general, there is compliance with the Società Italiana di Endoscopia Digestiva (SIED) and Società Italiana di Gastroenterologia (SIGE) guidelines, although with some important exceptions.
Does Syphilis Facilitate Sexual Acquisition of HIV?-Reply
Authors: Michael Samuel
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Mr Potterat has put forward an interesting hypothesis to explain the higher prevalence of HIV infection among homosexual/bisexual blacks (66%) than whites (49%) in the San Francisco Men's Health Study. We have now analyzed data from the San Francisco Men's Health Study with respect to the occurrence of syphilis in the study population. Indeed, a higher percentage of blacks than whites (38% vs 28%) gave a history of syphilis, as suggested by Mr Potterat. However, syphilis was approximately equally reported by HIV-infected blacks and whites (42% vs 41%). To evaluate the independent association of syphilis with HIV infection, we performed a logistic regression analysis that included the following variables: syphilis, race (black or white), and the most important established risk factors for HIV infection (number of male sexual partners in the previous two years, number of partners with whom anal receptive intercourse had been carried out in the
Gastrointestinal Clearance of Drugs with Activated Charcoal
Authors: Gerhard Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The mainstays of caring for patients who have swallowed poison or been given an overdose of drugs are inhibition of absorption (in acute poisoning after oral injection) or specific treatment (if any is available), enhancement of drug elimination from the body, and supportive care (in acute or chronic poisoning). Activated charcoal has been generally recognized as an effective adsorbent of many drugs and other potentially toxic substances. Administered promptly and in sufficiently large amounts, activated charcoal appreciably reduces the gastrointestinal absorption of such drugs as aspirin, acetaminophen, phenobarbital, digoxin, phenytoin, and phenylpropanolamine.1 2 3 4 5 Now, recent evidence indicates that activated charcoal not . . .
Muzolimine: a new high-ceiling diuretic suitable for patients with advanced renal disease.
Authors: A Dal Canton, D Russo, R Gallo, G Conte, V E Andreucci
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Muzolimine was administered by mouth to 24 patients with creatinine clearances ranging from 4 to 28 ml/min to treat oedema or hypertension, or both. In four of these 24 patients muzolimine was given after intravenous high-dose frusemide had been unsuccessful. Muzolimine significantly increased urine volume and excretions of sodium, chloride, and potassium ions. Its diuretic efficacy was further shown by a mean reduction in body-weight of 8% and by the disappearance of oedema in all affected patients, even those refractory to intravenous frusemide. No rebound phenomenon was observed after the drug was stopped. Mean blood pressure was reduced in all hypertensive patients. Blood pressure was restored to normal in five out of seven patients treated with muzolimine alone and 10 out of 11 in whom muzolimine had been added to previously unsatisfactory antihypertensive treatment. Muzolimine was well tolerated by all patients. Muzolimine appears to be the diuretic of choice when treating patients with advanced renal disease.
MS-20 * LEPTOMENINGEAL DISSEMINATION IN RELAPSED ADULT MEDULLOBLASTOMA: PATTERNS OF DISEASE AND ROLE OF INTRATHECAL CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: M. Penas-Prado, V. K. Puduvalli, A. Mahajan, G. Rao, P. D. Brown, A. W. K. Yung
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: The role of intrathecal chemotherapy (ITc) for relapsed adult medulloblastoma (MB) with leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) has not been prospectively evaluated. OBJECTIVES: 1. Evaluate clinical, imaging and CSF findings, treatment and outcome of adults developing LMD at MB relapse. 2. Compare outcome of patients treated with ITc vs. other treatments alone (NITc). METHODS: Retrospective review of single institutional experience (1978-11/2004) of adult patients (≥18 yo) was performed. Clinical, imaging, CSF, treatment and outcome data were collected. Time to progression (TTP) and survival from LMD diagnosis were estimated by Kaplan Meier method. Outcome of patients who received ITc vs. NITc was compared by log-rank test. RESULTS: Among 105 patients, we identified 20 patients with imaging and/or CSF diagnosis of LMD at relapse. Thirteen had received craniospinal radiation without chemotherapy at initial diagnosis. Median survival after LMD diagnosis was 9 months (95%CI 7, 12). Two patients died without starting therapy for relapse and were excluded from further analysis. Of the remaining 18, 6 received ITc (3 methotrexate, 2 liposomal cytarabine, 1 topotecan) in addition to systemic chemotherapy, and 1 received spinal radiation. The remaining 12 received systemic chemotherapy (varied regimens), in addition to spinal radiation (2) and radiosurgery to posterior fossa (1). Median TTP from LMD diagnosis was 7 months (95%CI 5, 9) and did not differ between the 2 groups (p = 0.99). Median survival for ITc group was 8 months (95%CI 4, 11), vs. 12 months (95%CI 0-30) for NITc group (p = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis of LMD in relapsed adult MB is poor. More than 50% of patients had not received adjuvant chemotherapy, potentially increasing the risk for treatment failure. Addition of ITc to treatment regimen did not improve outcome in our series. Results need to be confirmed in prospective trials.
A Randomized Trial of Inhaled Cyclosporine in Lung-Transplant Recipients
Authors: Aldo T. Iacono, Bruce A. Johnson, Wayne F. Grgurich, J. Georges Youssef, Timothy E. Corcoran, Deidre A. Seiler, James H. Dauber, Gerald C. Smaldone, Adriana Zeevi, Samuel A. Yousem, John J. Fung, Gilbert J. Burckart, Kenneth R. McCurry, Bartley P. Griffith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Conventional regimens of immunosuppressive drugs often do not prevent chronic rejection after lung transplantation. Topical delivery of cyclosporine in addition to conventional systemic immunosuppression might help prevent acute and chronic rejection events.We conducted a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of inhaled cyclosporine initiated within six weeks after transplantation and given in addition to systemic immunosuppression. A total of 58 patients were randomly assigned to inhale either 300 mg of aerosol cyclosporine (28 patients) or aerosol placebo (30 patients) three days a week for the first two years after transplantation. The primary end point was the rate of histologic acute rejection.The rates of acute rejection of grade 2 or higher were similar in the cyclosporine and placebo groups: 0.44 episode (95 percent confidence interval, 0.31 to 0.62) vs. 0.46 episode (95 percent confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.64) per patient per year, respectively (P=0.87 by Poisson regression). Survival was improved with aerosolized cyclosporine, with 3 deaths among patients receiving cyclosporine and 14 deaths among patients receiving placebo (relative risk of death, 0.20; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.06 to 0.70; P=0.01). Chronic rejection-free survival also improved with cyclosporine, as determined by spirometric analysis (10 events in the cyclosporine group and 20 events in the placebo group; relative risk of chronic rejection, 0.38; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.82; P=0.01) and histologic analysis (6 vs. 19 events, respectively; relative risk, 0.27; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.11 to 0.67; P=0.005). The risks of nephrotoxic effects and opportunistic infection were similar for patients in the cyclosporine group and the placebo group.Inhaled cyclosporine did not improve the rate of acute rejection, but it did improve survival and extend periods of chronic rejection-free survival. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00268515.).
PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUS CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING: INCIDENCE AND BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS
Authors: Alejandro Sanchez, Sergio Braga, Jose R. Costa, Carlos Collet, Fausto Feres, Alexandre Abizaid, Ricardo Costa, Rodolfo Staico, Dimytri Siqueira, Galo Maldonado, Amanda GMR Sousa, J Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: How Accurate Are Children with Diabetes at Reading Chemstrip bG?
Authors: Cheril Clarson, Denis Daneman, Marcia Frank, Judy Link, Kusiel Perlman, Robert M Ehrlich
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Accuracy of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) using Chemstrip bG (Bio-Dynamics, Indianapolis, Indiana) was studied in 90 randomly selected children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). For 28 children (mean age 8.3 ± 3.6 yr) a parent routinely read the Chemstrip at home. The remaining 62 children (mean age 13.7 ± 2.8 yr) read the Chemstrip themselves. Each child or parent analyzed 20 capillary blood samples using Chemstrips and answered a questionnaire on SMBG. The accuracy of SMBG of the group was high (mean correlation coefficient = 0.89 ± 0.05), but consistency of measurement was variable (mean standard deviation = 1.90 ± 0.57) and there was a general tendency to underread Chemstrips (mean y-intercept = 1.05 ± 1.48; mean slope = 0.80 ± 0.17). For each subject, 0–65% (mean of 34%) of readings were within 10% of the laboratory measurement, and 17–100% (mean 68%) within 20%. These results indicate that most subjects were fairly accurate in reading Chemstrips; however, analysis of accuracy is useful in identifying individuals who are inaccurate or inconsistent in SMBG. Continuing supervision of SMBG is necessary in children with IDDM.
Cleavage of roquin and regnase-1 by the paracaspase MALT1 releases their cooperatively repressed targets to promote TH17 differentiation
Authors: Katharina M Jeltsch, Desheng Hu, Sven Brenner, Jessica Zöller, Gitta A Heinz, Daniel Nagel, Katharina U Vogel, Nina Rehage, Sebastian C Warth, Stephanie L Edelmann, Renee Gloury, Nina Martin, Claudia Lohs, Maciej Lech, Jenny E Stehklein, Arie Geerlof, Elisabeth Kremmer, Achim Weber, Hans-Joachim Anders, Ingo Schmitz, Marc Schmidt-Supprian, Mingui Fu, Helmut Holtmann, Daniel Krappmann, Jürgen Ruland, Axel Kallies, Mathias Heikenwalder, Vigo Heissmeyer
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Are Clinical Trials Cost-effective?-Reply
Authors: Allan S. Detsky
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  Dr Adcock and Mr Terry are correct in pointing out that my study did not employ a random selection of trials. This article was a first step in the model's becoming operational, and as such I wished to select a group of trials that covered a wide range of costs and sizes of populations for which the therapies could be applied. The next step should be a random selection of trials, or, even better, all trials should be funded by specific agencies.  Dr Goldstein judges that two of the trials that accounted for the bulk of the costs were, in retrospect, not cost-effective in terms of life-years extended because they did not show a reduction in all-cause mortality. It is important to keep in mind that my model deals with the planning stage of the trial. That is, the model calculates the expected cost effects of the trial
Raised cardiac troponins: Troponins seem to be sensitive but not specific
Authors: Matthew L Grove
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor-Despite research in tropical medicine being undertaken in countries from low human development index, authorship and editorial opinion remain with countries from higher development index.This unfair trend observed by Keiser et al demands to be addressed and overturned. 1 This observed bias may arise because countries of high human development index fund the bulk of research in tropical medicine. 2 3Authors from these countries have prepared the grant applications, taken principal investigator status, and believe that they should take primary or terminal authorship.Researchers from low human development index countries can break this cycle only if they can obtain international funding themselves or are allowed authorship by the principal investigators.It seems this is rarely extended to the collaborators in tropical countries, even though they are the ones practically conducting the study.If such generosity in authorship and mentorship were provided, this would enable researchers from low human devel-
Narcolepsy and immunity.
Authors: J D Parkes, N Langdon, C Lock
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Narcolepsy and immunityTwenty thousand people in Britain and 100 000 in the United States believe they have narcolepsy-estimates derived from newspaper advertisements, television, and telephone sur- veys.' Undoubtedly some of these do not have true narco- lepsy (the specific syndrome of narcolepsy/cataplexy), but many cases go undiscovered, and the condition is common.Narcolepsy is not a life threatening illness, but excessive daytime drowsiness, due to this or other causes, is a formidable health problem.Many sufferers from narcolepsy are bitter about their illness, and some complain that they spend most of their lives asleep.Narcolepsy causes difficulties throughout life: problems at work, broken marriages, and industrial and road traffic accidents.The recent foundation of the United Kingdom Narcolepsy Association (c/o Central Manchester Community Health Council, St Ann's Churchyard, Manchester M2 7LN) is a landmark in the history of this strange disorder.The clinical features of narcolepsy are well described in two books published recently.23The diagnosis should be apparent from the history alone, but the condition is often missed.The usual age ofonset is late puberty, but narcolepsy may start at any age from 5 to 70.Sometimes the symptoms are attributed to laziness, or the condition may be confused with other causes of daytime drowsiness, notably sleep apnoea.The characteristic atonia and paralysis of cataplexy may be unreported or accepted as normal.Two other features-frequent sleep paralysis and presleep dreams -may help to confirm clinical suspicions, but these are not always present.A gap of over 40 years has been recorded between the onset of daytime drowsiness and a first attack of cataplexy.4Narcolepsy is a disorder of rapid eye movement sleep, not ofbody clocks.5 Rapid eye movement sleep occurs at unusual times, including at the onset of sleep, and the normal accompaniments of this sleep stage-dreaming and muscle atonia-occur separately and during wakefulness.Rapid eye movement activity is not, however, always present in nar- coleptics at sleep onset and may occur at this time in other conditions-for example, after sleep deprivation and in depressive illness.6Sleep studies, which are very expensive and not widely available in Britain, may not, therefore, always confirm the diagnosis.Recently neurones generating rapid eye movement sleep have been localised to the junction
Handheld computers in clinical practice:Are useful in informing and educating patients…
Authors: Adam Magos, Malini Sharma, Lucie Buck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Handheld computers have a use in clinical medicine that was not included in the review by Al-Ubaydli1: they can be adapted to provide patients with useful information and educational material.

We use colour images held on a personal digital assistant (PDA) during consultations to help patients learn more about their clinical diagnosis and understand the proposed management. We have a library of images, of the normal …