tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Once-daily dosing with Atenolol in patients with mild or moderate hypertension.
Authors: A P Douglas-Jones, J M Cruickshank
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Because of the difficulties patients have in adhering to their drug regimens a trial was performed in which patients with essential hypertension were given, in random order and for four weeks each, three different doses of atenolol to be taken once daily. Atenolol effectively decreased lying and standing blood pressures, and there was no difference between the effects of the three doses. The simplicity of the regimen, as well as atenolol9s freedom from troublesome side effects, should be valuable in helping patients adhere to long-term treatment.
CD40 Is Constitutively Expressed on Platelets and Provides a Novel Mechanism for Platelet Activation
Authors: David P. Inwald, Alison McDowall, Mark J. Peters, Robin E. Callard, Nigel J. Klein
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

CD40 is a 48-kDa phosphorylated transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the TNF receptor superfamily. CD40 has been demonstrated on a range of cell types, and it has an important role in adaptive immunity and inflammation. CD40 has recently been described on platelets but platelet activation by CD40 has not been described. In the present study, we use flow cytometry and immunoblotting to confirm that platelets constitutively express surface CD40. CD40 mRNA was undetectable, suggesting that the protein is synthesized early in platelet differentiation by megakaryocytes. Ligation of platelet CD40 with recombinant soluble CD40L trimer (sCD40LT) caused increased platelet CD62P expression, alpha-granule and dense granule release, and the classical morphological changes associated with platelet activation. CD40 ligation also caused beta3 integrin activation, although this was not accompanied by platelet aggregation. These actions were abrogated by the CD40L blocking antibody TRAP-1 and the CD40 blocking antibodies M2 and M3, showing that activation was mediated by CD40L binding to platelet CD40. beta3 integrin blockade with eptifibatide had no effect, indicating that outside-in signaling via alphaIIbbeta3 was not contributing to these CD40-mediated effects. CD40 ligation led to enhanced platelet-leukocyte adhesion, which is important in the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of thrombosis or inflammation. Our results support a role for CD40-mediated platelet activation in thrombosis, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.
Partner Violence Screening and Women’s Quality of Life—Reply
Authors: Joanne Klevens, Romina Kee
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Proteolytic cleavage and activation of pro-macrophage-stimulating protein by resident peritoneal macrophage membrane proteases.
Authors: M H Wang, A Skeel, E J Leonard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), which is secreted as biologically inactive pro-MSP, is activated to MSP by cleavage at a single peptide bond. Our objectives were to determine the form of MSP in circulating blood and to study proteolytic activation of pro-MSP by its target cell. Western blot of immunoaffinity-purified serum MSP showed that all the protein was pro-MSP, without detectable MSP. The circulating form of the protein is therefore pro-MSP, and conversion to MSP does not occur when blood is shed. Incubation of radiolabeled pro-MSP with murine peritoneal macrophages caused proteolytic cleavage to predominantly inactive fragments. Among several protease inhibitors, soybean trypsin inhibitor was one of two that inhibited nonspecific cleavage and revealed a macrophage proteolysis of pro-MSP, and certain concentrations enhanced cleavage to mature MSP. Macrophage membranes had nonspecific and specific pro-MSP proteolytic activity, which was not present in macrophage culture fluids. The results suggest that control of MSP activity can occur at the level of the target cell by proteolytic cleavage of pro-MSP to mature MSP or to inactive fragments.
Detection of anti-dsDNA as diagnostic tool.
Authors: A J Swaak, J Groenwold, L A Aarden, T E Feltkamp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The diagnostic significance of anti-dsDNA determinations was evaluated in 2 different groups of patients. When the immunofluorescence technique (IFT) with Crithidia luciliae and the Farr assay with 3H-labelled-PM2 DNA were applied to a selected panel of 536 sera from patients with various well-defined autoimmune diseases, positive results were obtained only with serum samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). On the other hand when we screened 4431 sera sent to our laboratory for diagnostic reasons, we observed a high incidence of antibodies to dsDNA in patients who did not fulfil the preliminary American Rheumatism Association9s criteria for SLE and did not have the diagnosis SLE. Furthermore, a significant number of the positive sera showed peculiar behaviour in that they were positive only in the IFT on Crithidia luciliae and not in the Farr assay.
Elevated levels of the CXCR3 chemokine ligand ITAC is associated with the development of severe transplant coronary artery disease in humans
Authors: John Kao, Jon Kobashigawa, Michael C. Fishbein, Robb C. Mac Lellan, Marie Burdick, John Belperio, Robert M. Strieter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Chronic ethanol effects on cellular immune responses to hepatitis B virus envelope protein: An immunologic mechanism for induction of persistent viral infection in alcoholics
Authors: M Geissler, A Gesien, J R Wands
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common in alcoholics and may result in chronic infection. Persistence of HBV infection could be partially caused by the effects of ethanol on the cellular and humoral immune response to viral structural proteins. The DNA-based immunization approach was used to experimentally assess the effects of chronic ethanol feeding on immune responses directed against the middle envelope protein (MHBs) of HBV. Mice were fed an ethanol or isocaloric, pair-fed control liquid diet for 8 weeks, followed by immunization with a plasmid construct containing the pre-S2/S gene that encodes for MHBs. Chronic ethanol consumption marginally reduced the levels of the antibody to hepatitis B surface proteins (anti-HBs) generated by the DNA-based immunization approach. Initially, cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) activity was higher in ethanol-fed mice but progressively declined following the second and third immunizations as compared with control mice. In addition, CTL and CD4+ T helper (TH) cells responded poorly to increasing concentrations of envelope protein and peptides in vitro with respect to generation of CTL activity and proliferative responses. Finally, proliferating CD4+ T cells derived from ethanol-fed animals had substantial changes in the levels of cytokines secreted into the culture supernatants as compared with control mice. These studies show that chronic ethanol consumption substantially alters the cellular immune responses to a human viral structural protein, and that these effects may contribute to the persistence of viral infection.
World Trends in Medical Education: Faculty, Students, and Curriculum
Authors: Norman B. Roberg
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Deans and professors from 18 countries of Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and India describe the evolution of their medical schools, and the current changes in curricula, postgraduate education, and internal governance. The "world trends" refer to the growing social-utilitaristic role of the medical school in serving the needs of the countries for medical services, and the increasing influences of governments, health ministries, and insurance systems upon education and training. The curricular changes, admission policies, programs of postgraduate education, and changes in governance of the medical schools reflect these social and political pressures. The historical sections, especially those on the newer nations, illustrate the transition from colonial to national medical schools, the desire of these countries to adapt training to their desperate needs for medical care, and the efforts to be scientifically independent and respected. In all countries, rich or poor, money limits medical services and, as the medical school
Remnant-Like Particle Cholesterol and Insulin Resistance in Nonobese Nonhypertensive Japanese Glucose-Tolerant Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mitsuo Fukushima, Ataru Taniguchi, Yoshikatsu Nakai, Masahiko Sakai, Kentaro Doi, Kazuko Nin, Tsuyoshi Oguma, Shoichiro Nagasaka, Kumpei Tokuyama, Yutaka Seino
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Decreased insulin sensitivity in offspring whose parents
Protracted Hypervitaminosis A Following Long-term, Low-Level Intake
Authors: William A. Farris, John W. Erdman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

LITERATURE reports of hypervitaminosis A in children and adults are not uncommon. Bauernfeind<sup>1</sup>has compiled a list of 579 cases of acute or chronic hypervitaminosis A. The occurrence of vitamin A toxicity may be greater than suspected, as some cases may be misdiagnosed as idiopathic benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri). Infants and children are far more sensitive to high intakes of the vitamin than are adults. Chronic symptoms of the disorder are seen with intakes from about 2,500 to 50,000 IU/kg of body weight, with more sensitivity shown by infants.<sup>1</sup> We present an unusual case of hypervitaminosis A in which the level of intake was low (ten times the recommended daily allowance), but the severity and duration of the symptoms and elevation of serum retinol binding protein were prolonged. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 16-year-old boy complained of bifrontal headache associated with nausea for five to eight days,
Operating Room Fatalities
Authors: James Henry Ferguson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The obstetrician-gynecologist has a new interest in operating and delivery room fatalities, particularly the increasing deaths due to cardiac arrest and aspiration of stomach contents. The inability to prepare some patients adequately for obstetric anesthesia is a frequent handicap. Hasty induction of anesthesia, incomplete preanesthetic medication, and a full stomach are common in delivery rooms. Inexperienced personnel and inadequate equipment add to the anesthetic risk. Fetal death can also occur or begin with accidents of anesthesia. Improvement in resuscitation of the newborn infant is being realized. The anesthesiologist and physiologist are contributors to this advance. The pathologist can aid by helping us to understand better our failures.
Reorganization of the cardiac gap junctions in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gabriele Plenz, Volker Arps, Eschert Heike, Stefan Christiansen, Joerg Stypmann, Ulrich Jahn, Mario C. Deng, Hans H. Scheld, Dieter Hammel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
890 ACTIVATION OF INNATE IMMUNITY CELLS MAY PREDICT EARLY HCV TREATMENT OUTCOME IN HIV/HCV CO-INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: A. Sacchi, E. Lalle, C. Vlassi, A. Vitali, G. D'Offizi, F. Martini, I. Abbate, G. Rozera, M.R. Capobianchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The Natural History of Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Peter H. Gann
Journal: JAMA (2005)

IGHT FROM THE STARS IN STEPHAN’S QUINTET IN THE Pegasus constellation takes 270 million years to reach Earth. By the time this light arrives and allows observers to see these galaxies, the stars are no longer there. Observing the long-term outcomes for patients with minimally treated prostate cancer evokes a similar although much less extreme dilemma. In this issue of JAMA, Albertsen and colleagues 1 report updated results from a cohort of Connecticut men who received neither surgical nor radiation therapy for prostate cancer diagnosed between 1971 and 1984. This cohort is noteworthy because it is the largest of its kind yet assembled. In addition, it is populationbased and has a mean follow-up time of more than 20 years— which is virtually Hubble telescope range given the pace of
Ciliary Dysmorphology and Dysfunction — Primary or Acquired?
Authors: Thomas F. Boat, Johnny L. Carson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Cilia at the epithelial surface of conducting airways protect the lungs through their pivotal role in the clearance of mucus and potentially injurious inhaled particles. Clearance requires ciliary movement, a function that depends in turn on specialized microstructures, including microtubules and dynein arms, that are assembled into the axoneme, a functional unit subserving motion.Early in this century, Siewert1 noted the frequent occurrence of bronchiectasis in his patients with situs inversus. Thirty years later, Kartagener2 described a syndrome characterized by a triad of findings: situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and chronic sinusitis. It was not until 1976 that Afzelius3 and Pedersen and . . .
A man with back pain
Authors: B. R. K. Smith, A. Shaw, D. Howlett
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 41 year old man presented to the emergency department with a one week history of severe and worsening lower thoracic back pain. Examination was unremarkable, with no focal neurological signs. His blood tests were normal except for an isolated raised C reactive protein of 21 mg/L (reference range 0-6). Thoracolumbar spine radiographs showed a T11 wedge fracture, which was unchanged from an earlier radiograph taken six weeks previously. This radiograph had been taken after a fall in which he also fractured his left hip, which needed internal fixation. During that admission he was treated for an Escherichia coli urinary tract infection.

At the current presentation he was unable to mobilise and required admission for analgesia. Over the next 48 hours his pain gradually worsened and at day four he developed a fever (39°C). Blood cultures grew E coli . Urgent magnetic resonance imaging of the spine was arranged (fig 1⇓). 



Fig 1 Sagittal T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan of the thoracolumbar spine without contrast





### 1 What are the radiological findings?

#### Short answer

The image shows an anterior wedge fracture of T11 (fig 2⇓). There is abnormal high signal within the T10/11 disc space and destruction of the adjacent vertebral endplates with associated angulation of the spine. Soft tissue is projecting posteriorly and causing narrowing of the spinal canal and compression of the distal cord. Oedema is seen within the T10/11 vertebral bodies.



Fig 2 Sagittal T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan of the thoracolumbar spine without contrast showing abnormal high signal in the T10/11 disc space with destruction of the adjacent endplates (white arrow). The adjacent vertebrae display marrow oedema, and there is cord compression at this …
A phase I study of an autologous GM-CSF-secreting breast cancer vaccine.
Authors: KS Anderson, FS Hodi, T Sasada, C Canning, M Hassett, E Mayer, K Hannagan, J Wong, Y Colson, B Shoji, J Najita, S Sibani, J LaBaer, EP Winer, G Dranoff
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4124 Background: Vaccination with tumor cells engineered to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) generates potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity in multiple tumor models. At DF/HCC, over 100 patients with melanoma, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer have been vaccinated. These studies have led to the identification of targets of immune-mediated tumor destruction. Here, we present analysis on the safety, feasibility, and biologic activity of an autologous GM-CSF-secreting breast cancer vaccine.&amp;#x2028; Methods:27 patients with metastatic breast cancer have undergone tumor procurement for vaccine from malignant pleural effusions (23), ascites (1), tumor nodules (2), lymph node (1), and 12 patients have received vaccine. Cells were transduced with a replication defective adenoviral vector encoding GM-CSF, irradiated, and GM-CSF secretion was measured by ELISA. Patients were required to have received at least one prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease and have an ECOG performance status 0-1. Vaccine was delivered s.c. and i.d. weekly for three weeks, then every other week. Immune monitoring included skin biopsies of vaccine sites, measurement of leukocyte populations, and proteomic-based assessment of antibody responses.&amp;#x2028; Results: Sufficient viable tumor cell yields for vaccination were obtained from all patients, with cellular yields ranging from 1.1-679 x 106 cells and viabilities ranging from 71-100%. Dose levels were based on cellular yield, ranging from 105 -107 cells/dose. The average yield of GM-CSF was 838 ng/106 cells/24 hrs (range: 24.4-5696), higher than the average yields for lung cancer and melanoma. Vaccinated patients were 34-69 years, and received 3-23 vaccines. 9 patients had progressive disease after 3-10 vaccines (1-4 months). One patient had stable disease after 23 vaccines (11 months), resumed vaccination at 16 months for progression and remains on study. One other patient remains on study, and one patient did not have measurable disease. Toxicities related to treatment include grade I/II local injection-site reactions, grade I/II inflammation at tumor sites as well as grade I/II fatigue, fever, nausea, and edema. Skin biopsies of vaccination sites revealed mild-moderate infiltration of lymphocytes, granulocytes, and macrophages.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Breast cancer cells can be harvested in sufficient number for autologous vaccine production from solid tumor as well as from malignant effusions. Autologous vaccination can induce coordinated immune responses with limited toxicity. The proteomic-based identification of antigen-specific immune responses following vaccination will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4124.
Helping Patients Make Better Personal Health Decisions
Authors: Michael J. Barry
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Large immigrant population may have confounded study
Authors: A Hayward, D Kumar, J Bruce, A Charlett
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--N Bhatti and colleagues present an interesting analysis of changing rates of notification of tuberculosis based on national notifications and local data from Hackney.1 The findings are interpreted as suggesting that the national increase is largely due to socioeconomic factors that have affected the white population and established ethnic minority communities to a similar extent. The authors suggest that recent immigration has made only a small contribution to this increase. The study's findings do not justify these conclusions.

As quoted in the paper, …
CAUTION IN USE OF MERCUROCHROME-220 SOLUBLE
Authors: Charles E. Stolz
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Mr. E. J., who had been receiving injections of a 2 per cent. solution of mercurochrome-220 soluble into the bladder twice a week, complained of severe burning and inability to retain the solution, and stated that he would refuse further treatment unless the inconvenience could be controlled. I then injected into the bladder 1 ounce (30 c.c.) of a 5 per cent, solution of procain, followed in five minutes by 1% ounces (45 c.c.) of mercurochrome-220 soluble. He left the office in a few minutes without any discomfort. Three hours later he returned unable to urinate. I passed a No. 22 French catheter and withdrew 8 ounces (235 cc.) of urine, together with numerous pieces of solidified mercurochrome. The catheter became plugged, so I withdrew it and introduced a 26 French metal evacuating catheter and proceeded to clean the bladder. Innumerable pieces of solidified mercurochrome were evacuated,
A biocognitive approach to the conscious core of immediate memory
Authors: Bernard J. Baars
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The limited capacity of immediate memory “rides” on the even more limited capacity of consciousness, which reflects the dynamic activity of the thalamocortical core of the brain. Recent views of the conscious narrow-capacity component of the brain are explored with reference to global workspace theory (Baars 1988; 1993; 1998). The radical limits of immediate memory must be explained in terms of biocognitive brain architecture.