tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis among the Homeless — Preventing Another Outbreak through Community Action
Authors: Vin Gupta, Nancy Sugg, Marite Butners, Gillian Allen-White, Alexandra Molnar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

A Seattle clinic offers homeless people with latent tuberculosis infection vouchers for meals at a local bakery as an incentive for adhering to newly available 12-week directly observed therapy — a cost-effective solution that may stem future tuberculosis outbreaks.
Impact of DOTS and DOTS-plus on multidrug resistant TB: DOTS-plus strengthens, not weakens, DOTS programmes
Authors: E. A Nardell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—In their decision analysis Sterling et al hypothesise but offer no evidence that the efficacy of DOTS (directly observed treatment, short course) has ever been diminished by DOTS-plus.1 On the contrary, under the current rigorous procedure for obtaining second line drugs at drastically reduced prices, the Green Light Committee of the World Health Organization assures that only programmes with demonstrably strong DOTS and DOTS-plus components are approved, …
Health Care Information and the Protection of Personal Privacy: Ethical and Legal Considerations
Authors: Lawrence Gostin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

During the early 1990s, the U.S. government addressed the issue of providing universal health care to all its citizens. Although this issue has not been completely resolved, centralization of electronic data and sharing of health care information among insurers and providers have been pursued. The emergence of electronic data banks in health care has raised another issue: each citizen's right to privacy compared with the collective benefit to society when critical data on quality assurance and scientific research are shared by an array of network users. The choices we face are difficult, and the solution may necessarily reflect a compromise that alters traditional beliefs in the right to personal privacy. However, Congress can take the initiative by enacting statutes to ensure that sensitive information contained in electronic patient records is not divulged without a patient's consent and is protected against fraudulent access and abuse.
Disclosure of Incurable Illness to Spouses: Do They Want to Know? A Swedish Population-Based Follow-Up Study
Authors: Hanna Dahlstrand, Arna Hauksdóttir, Unnur Valdimarsdóttir, Carl-Johan Fürst, Karin Bergmark, Gunnar Steineck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Awareness of the cancer patient's terminal state decreases the risk of psychological morbidity of the bereaved. We wanted to determine whether male spouses of cancer patients who died from their disease had received information that the illness was incurable and to determine their preferences of disclosure.The study included 907 widowers whose wives had died of cancer. In an anonymous questionnaire, we asked whether the widower had received information that his wife's illness was incurable and about his attitudes towards receiving this information.Six hundred ninety-one widowers (76%) participated. Eighty percent of the widowers reported that they were told [corrected] that the wife's cancer was incurable, and 21% reported that they had been informed within 1 week before the patient's death. Although 14% of the widowers did not think the next of kin should be told immediately when the patient's cancer is beyond cure, 39% of the men did not want the patient to be immediately informed. Furthermore, 71% of the men who were never informed about the incurable illness believed that the next of kin should receive that information immediately.Although a large majority of men prefer an immediate disclosure about the incurable stage of their wife's illness, 41% of the husbands received this information during the last week of the patient's life or not at all. These findings indicate that there is room for improvement in the level of communication between health providers and the husbands of women with incurable cancer.
Surgical Management of the Aged
Authors: P. Childs, S. A. Mason
Journal: BMJ (1949)

iThe days of our years are threescore years and ten and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years, yet is their strength labour and sorrow; for it is soon cuit off.and we fly away."The average age of the population is increasing, and is likely to do so.It therefore seems reasonable to survey the results of surgery in those patients who are over the age of 70 years, the one-time allotted span of life.During the thirty months January, 1947, to June, 1949, 1,609 patients were admitted to the 32 surgical beds of one surgical unit at a London teaching hospital.Of these 1,609 patients 131 were over the age of 70-seven were not sub- mitted to surgery, 24 were submitted to minor surgery, and 99 were submitted to major surgery.It is instructive to compare this situation with those existing 10 and 20 years ago.Table I shows in a comparable number of admis- TABLE I
How France messed up CPD/CME for healthcare professionals
Authors: H. Maisonneuve
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Don’t follow suit

For the past 20 years, French decision makers have tried to implement a continuing professional development/continuing medical education (CPD/CME) system for healthcare professionals. The current system, which was implemented in 2012, is about to collapse. French decision makers tried to implement a top-down system; health professionals had little responsibility for implementation.

France enacted large scale reforms of CPD in 1990, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2004, and 2009. However, each of them failed, mainly because of conflicts of opinion between powerful unions, schools of medicine, and to a lesser degree medical societies. The current system was included in an ambitious July 2009 law called Hopital, Patients, Sante et Territoires (Hospital, Patients, Health and Territories). The full description takes 160 pages,1 but it is essentially based on evaluating professional practices (using the Deming quality cycle) and promotes evidence based practices. More than 2000 providers are registered, rather than accredited. 

Unlike the previous systems, which were designed for the country’s 220 000 physicians, the current system includes 1.5 million healthcare professionals from 19 professions. The objective was that each professional should perform one CPD activity a …
"BEE-CELL," RESULTING IN BLADDER STONE AND IN VESICOVAGINAL AND RECTOVAGINAL FISTULAS
Authors: Walter L. Finton
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Of the numerous anticonceptional devices with their various detrimental complications, this case of bee-cell has shown more local pathologic changes than those presented by any case that has come to my attention, either directly or by a review of the literature. A robust looking married woman, aged 35, had had four healthy children, the youngest, 7 years of age. The labors were uncomplicated. She had not had any serious illnesses. About two years after the birth of her youngest child, she inserted into the vagina a device called by the manufacturers a bee-cell. This was a heavy rubber cube about 2 inches in each dimension. On each of its six surfaces was a conical depression apparently to fit over the cervix, giving the user a wide range of latitude in the manner and skill of its insertion. A depression for the cervix was available regardless of which surface happened
EFFECT OF HOUSE STAFF TRAINING PROGRAMS ON PATIENT CARE
Authors: James Bordley
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The effect of house staff training programs on patient care has received relatively little formal attention. The few observations which have been recorded lack acceptable controls. It would be desirable, for example, to use as a standard the level of patient care in a hospital which has no house staff. I have never worked in such a hospital, and in the present circumstances I find this a handicap. My assignment is further complicated by the almost endless number of variables that have to be taken into account. Interns and residents, even those with the highest intellectual attainments, do not possess characters cast in a common mold. Regardless of the training program and technical skills, the house officer's perceptiveness and the impact of his personality on that of the sick person are likely to determine whether he will have a favorable or unfavorable effect on the care of the patient. At
Non-invasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma ⩽2cm in cirrhosis. Diagnostic accuracy assessing fat, capsule and signal intensity at dynamic MRI
Authors: Jordi Rimola, Alejandro Forner, Silvia Tremosini, Maria Reig, Ramón Vilana, Luis Bianchi, Carlos Rodríguez-Lope, Manel Solé, Carmen Ayuso, Jordi Bruix
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Tuning sensitivity to IL-4 and IL-13: differential expression of IL-4Rα, IL-13Rα1, and γc regulates relative cytokine sensitivity
Authors: Ilkka S. Junttila, Kiyoshi Mizukami, Harold Dickensheets, Martin Meier-Schellersheim, Hidehiro Yamane, Raymond P. Donnelly, William E. Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Interleukin (IL)-4 and -13 are related cytokines sharing functional receptors. IL-4 signals through the type I (IL-4Rα/common γ-chain [γc]) and the type II (IL-4Rα/-13Rα1) IL-4 receptors, whereas IL-13 utilizes only the type II receptor. In this study, we show that mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages and human and mouse monocytes showed a much greater sensitivity to IL-4 than to IL-13. Lack of functional γc made these cells poorly responsive to IL-4, while retaining full responsiveness to IL-13. In mouse peritoneal macrophages, IL-4 potency exceeds that of IL-13, but lack of γc had only a modest effect on IL-4 signaling. In contrast, IL-13 stimulated greater responses than IL-4 in fibroblasts. Using levels of receptor chain expression and known binding affinities, we modeled the assemblage of functional type I and II receptor complexes. The differential expression of IL-4Rα, IL-13Rα1, and γc accounted for the distinct IL-4–IL-13 sensitivities of the various cell types. These findings provide an explanation for IL-13's principal function as an “effector” cytokine and IL-4's principal role as an “immunoregulatory” cytokine.
EVALUATION OF CARDIAC FUNCTION IN SYMPTOMATIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS IN A SINGLE INFUSION, PHASE 1, DOSE ESCALATION STUDY OF GLIAL GROWTH FACTOR 2
Authors: Evan Brittain, James Muldowney, Carrie Geisberg, Anthony Caggiano, Andrew Eisen, Sarah Anderson, Douglas Sawyer, Lisa Mendes, Daniel Lenihan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A new genetic subgroup of chronic granulomatous disease with autosomal recessive mutations in p40phox and selective defects in neutrophil NADPH oxidase activity
Authors: Juan D. Matute, Andres A. Arias, Nicola A. M. Wright, Iwona Wrobel, Christopher C. M. Waterhouse, Xing Jun Li, Christophe C. Marchal, Natalie D. Stull, David B. Lewis, MacGregor Steele, James D. Kellner, Weiming Yu, Samy O. Meroueh, William M. Nauseef, Mary C. Dinauer
Journal: Blood (2009)
Transection of aortic depressor nerve fails to raise blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: K. TAKEDA, J. HAYASHI, H. ITOH, M. HIRATA, T. NAKATA, M. OGURO, S. KAWASAKI, S. SASAKI, M. NAKAGAWA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Although central resetting via the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) has been known to occur in spontaneously hypertensive rats, the function of the ADN is not yet clear in these animals. To determine whether a baroreflex via the ADN can act to regulate blood pressure during hypertension, blood pressures were measured following ADN transection in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats, and the reflex changes of heart rate and the sympathetic nerve activity were recorded during the pressor response to phenylephrine infusions. Blood pressures were significantly raised 1 day after ADN transections in normotensive rats and continued so for 7 d. Blood pressures were not changed in sham operated rats. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, ADN transections did not alter blood pressures in comparison with sham operated controls. On the seventh day after transections, all rats were anaesthetised with urethane and pressor responses to phenylephrine were examined. Bradycardic and sympathoinhibitory responses to the elevation of blood pressure caused by phenylephrine infusions were significantly smaller in ADN transectioned normotensive rats than in sham operated controls. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, the bradycardic and sympatho-inhibitory responses were not reduced by ADN transections. These findings suggest that the impaired baroreflex via the ADN can contribute to the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
1257 Plasma levels of growth factors (HGH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3) in cirrhotic patients with or without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: J LEGOUX, A GEORGES, R THIBEAULT, A LEPOUTRE, D LAHARIE, S CAZORLA, J DUBUC, L BORDENAVE, M AMOURETTI, V DELEDINGHEN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Long-term Survival Among Men With Conservatively Treated Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Peter C. Albertsen
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To determine age-specific, all-cause mortality, disease-specific mortality, and life expectancy for men aged 65 to 75 years who are treated only with immediate or delayed hormonal therapy for newly diagnosed, clinically localized prostate cancer.A population-based, retrospective cohort study.Patient records were abstracted from 37 acute care hospitals and two Veterans Affairs medical centers in Connecticut. Original pathology slides were sent to a referee pathologist who was blinded to case outcomes.All men identified by the Connecticut Tumor Registry with clinically localized prostate cancer diagnosed in 1971 to 1976 who were aged 65 to 75 years at the time of diagnosis and were untreated or treated with immediate or delayed hormonal therapy.Parametric proportional hazards models incorporating tumor histologic findings, comorbidity, and age at the time of diagnosis to compare cohort survival with that of men in the general population.After a mean follow-up of 15.5 years, the age-adjusted survival for men with Gleason score 2 to 4 tumors was not significantly different from that of the general population. Maximum estimated lost life expectancy for men with Gleason score 5 to 7 tumors was 4 to 5 years and for men with Gleason score 8 to 10 tumors was 6 to 8 years. Tumor histologic findings and patient comorbidities were powerful independent predictors of survival.Compared with the general population, men aged 65 to 75 years with conservatively treated low-grade prostate cancer incur no loss of life expectancy. Men with higher-grade tumors (Gleason scores 5 to 10) experience a progressively increasing loss of life expectancy. Case series reports of survival/mortality experienced by men with clinically localized prostate cancer that fail to control for age, tumor histologic features, and comorbidities risk significant bias.
THE TREATMENT OF PERITONITIS ASSOCIATED WITH APPENDICITIS
Authors: FREDERICK A. COLLER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In recent years it has become customary to begin articles on acute appendicitis with an apology. Since appendicitis is still the most common acute abdominal lesion, and since its etiology is unknown and its mortality rate is higher than it was fifteen years ago, it would seem that it is still worthy of thoughtful consideration. The mortality of appendicitis in the United States now averages over 20,000 a year. In a majority of these deaths the patients had been in the early decades of life with a good life expectancy. In 1930, one of us<sup>1</sup>made a study of the patients with acute appendicitis treated in the University Hospital during a period of about four years. It was then our practice to perform an appendectomy as soon as the diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made without regard for the stage of the disease. As a result of that study,
ACP Journal Club Stands Alone
Authors: Kathleen Case
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Editorials1 December 1994ACP Journal Club Stands AloneKathleen CaseKathleen CaseSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-11-199412010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In January 1991, ACP Journal Club was introduced as a supplement to Annals of Internal Medicine. Journal Club's distribution with Annals means that it is received by over 100 000 physicians worldwide. Many readers find it an indispensable tool for locating what is relevant and important in their stack of journals.Over the past several years, however, we have received many requests from physicians who are outside the traditional Annals readership—surgeons, general practitioners outside the United States, and other medical specialists who want to keep up with what is going on in internal medicine. In response to those requests, we ...Reference1. Wyatt J. Uses and sources of medical knowledge. Lancet. 1991; 338:1368-73. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBarriers to evidence based practice in primary care: a review of the literatureEvidence-based approach to the medical literature 1 December 1994Volume 121, Issue 11Page: 893 Issue Published: 1 December 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
P2-197: A phase II study of weekly docetaxel/cisplatin and concurrent radiotherapy followed by surgery in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: K.W. Maas, S.Y. Sharouni, E.C. Phernambucq, J.A. Stigt, B.E. van den Borne, H.J. Groen, S Senan, E.F. Smit, R.A. Paul, F.M. Schramel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
703 Sustained non-toxic oxidative stress (h2o2) increases hepatic transferrin receptor 1 mediated iron uptake in vitro and in vivo independent of the IL-6/Hepcidin and IRE/IRP1 network
Authors: D. Rost, B. Andriopoulos, S. Hegedusch, J. Mangin, A. Welker, H.D. Riedel, U. Hebling, J. Wang, K. Pantopoulos, S. Mueller
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone Levels, and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Jared P. Reis, Denise von Mühlen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We thank Lippi et al. (1) for their comment to our recent article (2) examining the cross-sectional relation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with metabolic syndrome and its components in a community-dwelling sample …
High prevalence of Sjogren's syndrome in patients with HTLV-I associated myelopathy
Authors: H. Nakamura, K. Eguchi, T. Nakamura, A. Mizokami, S. Shirabe, A. Kawakami, N. Matsuoka, K. Migita, Y. Kawabe, S. Nagataki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> A high seroprevalence of HTLV-I in female Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients has been reported in Nagasaki, Japan, an area that is heavily endemic for HTLV-I infection. Salivary IgA class antibodies to HTLV-I were common among HTLV-I seropositive patients with SS. This study was undertaken to elucidate the pathogenesis of SS caused by HTLV-I infection. <h3>METHODS</h3> The clinical features and histological findings of SS and the prevalence of serum autoantibodies in 10 patients with HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM) who were consecutively admitted into Nagasaki University School of Medicine, were compared with those of 20 HTLV-I seropositive and 20 HTLV-I seronegative patients with SS. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Ocular and oral manifestations of SS were commonly detected in HAM patients. These patients also had extraglandular manifestations including recurrent uveitis, arthropathy, interstitial pneumonitis, Raynaud's phenomenon, and inflammatory bowel disease. All patients with HAM histologically showed a mononuclear cell infiltration in the labial salivary grands. Six of 10 patients had a mononuclear cell infiltration with a focus score of 1 or greater. According to the preliminary criteria for SS proposed by the European Community, definitive SS was diagnosed in six patients and probable SS in two patients. Serum γ globulin and IgG values were increased in HAM patients. Patients with HAM had lower prevalence of rheumatoid factor, anti-nuclear antibody, and anti-SS-A (Ro) antibody than those of HTLV-I seropositive and HTLV-I seronegative SS patients. However, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of these antibodies among HAM patients with definitive SS, HTLV-I seropositive and HTLV-I seronegative SS patients. The CD3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells preferentially infiltrated into the salivary glands in HAM patients as well as the salivary glands of patients with HTLV-I seropositive and seronegative patients. It seems probable that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HAM patients preferentially infiltrated into the salivary glands, and that these cells produced the autoantibodies as well as anti-HTLV-I antibody. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The results strongly support the idea that HTLV-I is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease in a subset of patients with SS in endemic areas.
Authors' reply to Litwin and Malhotra
Authors: A. D. Nesbitt, P. J. Goadsby
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We welcome Litwin and Malhotra’s list of painful ophthalmic conditions that may resemble some elements of a single attack of cluster headache.1 2 We also agree that patients with these conditions may experience these symptoms on more than one occasion. Their suggestion that neuroimaging is warranted to exclude secondary causes of cluster headache-like pain is echoed …
Hyposensitization Therapy In Ragweed Hay Fever
Authors: Francis C. Lowell
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  We appreciate the opportunity to comment on the article by Drs. Fontana, Holt, and Mainland in this issue.  We question whether a conclusion as to the efficacy or lack of efficacy of injection therapy is warranted in view of the manner in which the study was carried out.  In the course of three studies, 1-3 embracing six pollen-study seasons, we have encountered three particularly difficult obstacles to the assessment of this form of therapy. These are (1) the establishment of experimental control (well appreciated by the authors); (2) the selection of suitable patients, and (3) assessment of the patients' progress.  Neither we nor the authors would be engaged in this difficult enterprise today, after some 50 years of experience with injection therapy, if this brought about striking relief in the great majority of patients who receive it. Thus, from the start, one may anticipate difficulty in demonstrating
Cyclic intravenous pamidronate treatment in children with nodulosis, arthropathy and osteolysis syndrome
Authors: S M Al-Mayouf, S M Madi, B S Bin-Abbas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

serum M-CSF.Additionally, significant correlations between M-CSF and activity index in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis also highlight the potential role of M-CSF in evaluating the activity of the two diseases.
Stepped Care for Maternal Mental Health: A Case Study of the Perinatal Mental Health Project in South Africa
Authors: Simone Honikman, Thandi van Heyningen, Sally Field, Emily Baron, Mark Tomlinson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

As one article in a series on Global Mental Health Practice, Simone Honikman and colleagues from South Africa provide a case study of the Perinatal Mental Health Project, which delivered mental health care to pregnant women in a collaborative, step-wise manner, making use of existing resources in primary care.