tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlation of structure and function in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: R M Cherniack, T V Colby, A Flint, W M Thurlbeck, J A Waldron, L Ackerson, M I Schwarz, T E King
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The early stage of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is thought to involve a smaller number of alveoli and to be characterized predominantly by cellularity and minimal fibrosis, whereas advanced disease involves a large number of alveoli and is characterized predominantly by fibrosis with minimal cellularity. In addition, correlative studies have indicated that prognosis and response to therapy is determined in part by the extent of fibrosis and cellularity. This study was undertaken to determine whether pulmonary function assessment would help distinguish between the cellular and fibrotic phases of this disorder, as determined by a semiquantitative pathology scoring system that comprised four factor scores: fibrosis, cellularity, granulation/connective tissue, and desquamation. Ninety-six untreated patients with biopsy-confirmed IPF (27 never smokers, 32 current smokers, and 37 ex-smokers) were evaluated. In the group as a whole, there was no significant relationship between the fibrosis or the connective/granulation tissue factor scores and any of the physiologic parameters. The DLCO correlated with the "desquamation" and the total pathology scores, whereas the TLC and FVC correlated with the cellularity factor score. In the current smokers, the coefficient of elastic retraction, DLCO/VA, and FEV1/FVC ratio were significantly lower than in never smokers and ex-smokers, and TLC and FVC were higher than in never smokers. Also, the mean cellularity and granulation/connective tissue factor scores were significantly lower, and the desquamation factor score was significantly higher than those in never smokers and ex-smokers. Both age and smoking status were significant for the cellularity factor score, whereas for the connective/granulation tissue factor score, age was not significant but smoking status was.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Common Cold — Relief at Last?
Authors: R. Gordon Douglas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

So far, common colds have not yielded to advances in modern science. Nothing we do seems to prevent their regular occurrence or alleviate the annoying symptoms — and we try hard. The 1985 over-the-counter market for common cold treatments is estimated to amount to $556 million (Singh V: personal communication). As many a clinician has noted, the symptoms of the common cold, if treated vigorously, will go away within seven days, whereas if left alone they disappear over the course of a week.In spite of this discouraging news about common colds, much has been learned over the past 30 . . .
182. An Effective and Valuable Process Using Disposable Membrane-Based Technologies for Pure Plasmid DNA Isolation and Purification: Throughput, Quality, and Cleaning Validation Advantages
Authors: Hugo L. Gonzalez, Sriram Ramakrishnan, Shane Johnson, Andrew Doig, Henry L. Hebel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

There is high demand for high purity plasmid DNA for use in the fields of gene therapy and DNA vaccination. A need also exists for a cost-effective process that significantly reduces the time and expense of current plasmid production technologies. Our method involves purifying plasmid DNA from lysed bacterial cells using only disposable membrane technologies. We have previously demonstrated the use of an automated lysis machine, consisting of a high-shear mixing device and an air column. This method is highly cost-effective for production runs of commercial-scale plasmid. We present here an overview of the downstream purification parameters, which also supports cost-effective and efficient processing. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the use of membrane chromatography simplifies compliance with ever-evolving regulatory standards in areas such as cleaning validation and process control.
The Recognition of Hepatic Metastases Through Radioisotope Color Scanning
Authors: Sheldon Baum
Journal: JAMA (1966)

With the color technique for radioisotope scanning, gold Au 198 scans of the liver were correlated with the pathological findings in 116 patients. Scans were interpreted as being positive for space-occupying lesions in 46 patients, of whom 41 were proved to have metastases. In 70 patients, the scan was interpreted as showing no evidence of space-occupying lesions. This diagnosis was borne out pathologically in all but one patient. Since each color represents a given percentage of radioactivity, it is possible to interpret the color scan in a semiquantitative manner. Space-occupying lesions of the liver, indicated by areas of reduced radioactivity, can be easily identified on the scan. It is suggested that the close correlation between the scan and pathological findings is due to more objective evaluation of semiquantitative data when the color technique is used.
Could joining EU club spell disaster for the new members?
Authors: Katka Krosnar
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Almost a third of Lithuania's doctors have said they would like to go abroad when the country joins the European Union in May. Health minister Juozas Olekas tells Katka Krosnar how he hopes to keep them at home 

Despite his cheerful manner Lithuania's health minister Juozas Olekas faces a serious problem—how to keep doctors in the country.

According to the ministry's own research, 61% of doctors in training and 27% of practising doctors said they wanted to work abroad once the Baltic country joins the European Union this May, along with nine other states. Of those, 15% of doctors in training and 5% of practising doctors firmly intend not to return.

For the new member states, such as Lithuania, being part of the European Union means the axing of borders and therefore free movement of people within the bloc, as well as automatic and unconditional recognition across the union for qualifications and training obtained in their own country. In short, that makes migration easier and, with average wages significantly lower in most of the 10 new member states than in the 15 existing ones, much more likely.

Lithuania may not be the only nation facing a major migration of its doctors, but it is a small country with just 3.5 million inhabitants. It is treating the problem extremely seriously and seeking ways to limit the effects. With average wages just 1400 litas (£277; $503; …
Bevacizumab in Patients With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia and Severe Hepatic Vascular Malformations and High Cardiac Output
Authors: Sophie Dupuis-Girod, Isabelle Ginon, Jean-Christophe Saurin, Denis Marion, Elsa Guillot, Evelyne Decullier, Adeline Roux, Marie-France Carette, Brigitte Gilbert-Dussardier, Pierre-Yves Hatron, Pascal Lacombe, Bernard Lorcerie, Sophie Rivière, Romain Corre, Sophie Giraud, Sabine Bailly, Gilles Paintaud, David Ternant, Pierre-Jean Valette, Henri Plauchu, Frédéric Faure
Journal: JAMA (2012)

The only treatment available to restore normal cardiac output in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and cardiac failure is liver transplant. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatments such as bevacizumab may be an effective treatment.To test the efficacy of bevacizumab in reducing high cardiac output in severe hepatic forms of HHT and to assess improvement in epistaxis duration and quality of life.Single-center, phase 2 trial with national recruitment from the French HHT Network. Patients were 18 to 70 years old and had confirmed HHT, severe liver involvement, and a high cardiac index related to HHT.Bevacizumab, 5 mg per kg, every 14 days for a total of 6 injections. The total duration of the treatment was 2.5 months; patients were followed up for 6 months after the beginning of the treatment.Decrease in cardiac output at 3 months after the first injection, evaluated by echocardiography.A total of 25 patients were included between March 2009 and November 2010. Of the 24 patients who had echocardiograms available for reread, there was a response in 20 of 24 patients with normalization of cardiac index (complete response [CR]) in 3 of 24, partial response (PR) in 17 of 24, and no response in 4 cases. Median cardiac index at beginning of the treatment was 5.05 L/min/m(2) (range, 4.1-6.2) and significantly decreased at 3 months after the beginning of the treatment with a median cardiac index of 4.2 L/min/m(2) (range, 2.9-5.2; P < .001). Median cardiac index at 6 months was significantly lower than before treatment (4.1 L/min/m(2); range, 3.0-5.1). Among 23 patients with available data at 6 months, we observed CR in 5 cases, PR in 15 cases, and no response in 3 cases. Mean duration of epistaxis, which was 221 minutes per month (range, 0-947) at inclusion, had significantly decreased at 3 months (134 minutes; range, 0-656) and 6 months (43 minutes; range, 0-310) (P = .008). Quality of life had significantly improved. The most severe adverse events were 2 cases of grade 3 systemic hypertension, which were successfully treated.In this preliminary study of patients with HHT associated with severe hepatic vascular malformations and high cardiac output, administration of bevacizumab was associated with a decrease in cardiac output and reduced duration and number of episodes of epistaxis.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00843440.
People in Crisis: Clinical and Public Health Perspectives
Authors: Jeffrey M. Levine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 October 2002People in Crisis: Clinical and Public Health PerspectivesJeffrey M. Levine, MDJeffrey M. Levine, MDBronx–Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, New York.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-7-200210010-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Fifth edition. Hoff LA. 528 pages. San Francisco: Jossey–Bass; 2001. $39.00. ISBN 0787954217. Order phone 888-378-2537.Field of medicine: Mental health.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Crisis workers, nurses, social workers, primary care physicians, emergency physicians, and psychiatrists.Purpose: To provide a developmental context in which helping professionals can clinically conceptualize and intervene with patients in crisis.Content: The author presents crisis intervention theory and specific clinical situations in 13 chapters. “Crisis” in this framework includes generally accepted traumatic events, such as war, personal violence, and natural disaster, as well as normal developmental events, such as loss of a loved one, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bronx–Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, New York. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 2002Volume 137, Issue 7Page: 630KeywordsHealth information technologyNatural disastersOutpatientsPrevention, policy, and public healthPrimary care physiciansPsychiatry and mental healthSafetySoftware toolsSubstance abuseSurgery ePublished: 1 October 2002 Issue Published: 1 October 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Unilateral Arcus Senilis: Sign of Occlusive Disease Of the Carotid Artery
Authors: J. Lawton Smith
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Arcus senilis is an annular infiltration of lipid material in the periphery of the cornea and is a natural consequence of aging. Bilaterality is the hallmark of this finding, which is seen in 60% of people between the ages of forty and sixty, and is virtually always present by eighty years of age.<sup>1</sup>We wish to report unilateral arcus senilis in a patient who had contralateral internal carotid artery occlusive disease. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> This 85-year-old man was seen at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute for progressive visual loss extending over a five-year period. He also had experienced numerous episodes of amaurosis fugax in the left eye for one year. During these episodes, which would last from one to three minutes, he had no light perception in the left eye. There were no associated symptoms, such as paresthesias or weakness. He had been in good
The effect of aerobic training on selected variables in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Karim Baharlouei
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of aerobic training on selected variables in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The method of this study was experimental research. The sample consisted of 22 subjects (11 males, 11 females), mean age and SE, 56.21 years, randomised to a 4-month ET programme. Training consisted of 45–60 min aerobic exercises (60–80% heart rate reserve) three times a week. Blood glucose, BF%, TG, BPs, BPd, HR rest levels and VO 2 max level were obtained before and after a 4-month training period. Results at p&lt;0.05 significance showed the following results: the fasting blood glucose after 4 months training period did not change (p&gt;0.05), but the BF%, TG, BPs, BPd and HR rest levels decreased and VO 2 max level increased. Conclusion 4 months of regular physical activity had a positive effect on some physiological factors (BF%, TG, BPs, BPd, HR of rest and VO 2 max) but no effect on other factors such as fasting blood glucose.
996. Development of an siRNA Based Therapy for Ebola Virus Infection
Authors: Thomas W. Geisbert, Lisa E. Hensley, Kristopher M. Curtis, Joan B. Geisbert, Kathleen M. Daddario, Elliott Kagan, Amy C.H. Lee, Lorne Palmer, Lloyd Jeffs, Ian MacLachlan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Ebola virus infection causes a severe and frequently fatal hemorrhagic fever that is refractory to treatment with currently available antiviral therapeutics. Ebola and the related Marburg virus are of concern as potential bioweapon (BW) threats since they have the potential for aerosol dissemination and weaponization. RNA interference (RNAi) represents a powerful, naturally occurring biological strategy for inhibition of gene expression that has demonstrated utility in the inhibition of viral replication. However, the challenges associated with the effective in vivo delivery of siRNAs has been a major obstacle to their use. Here we describe the development of an siRNA based therapy for Ebola virus (EBOV) infection. Multiple siRNAs were designed targeting the viral polymerase (L) gene. When used either individually or in combination, siRNA inhibited EBOV replication in vitro in Vero and Vero E6 cells. A 60-99% reduction in production of infectious EBOV and 75-100% reduction in numbers of cells expressing EBOV protein was observed. Promising siRNA candidates demonstrating significant inhibition of viral replication in vitro were selected for formulation in Stable Nucleic Acid Particles (SNALP). SNALP consist of siRNA fully encapsulated in a lipid bilayer containing a diffusible polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipid conjugate. The PEG-lipid conjugates in the SNALP particle play an essential role during the formulation process, stabilizing the nascent particle and preventing aggregation in the vial. In the blood, the PEG-lipid shields the positive surface charge, preventing rapid clearance following intravenous injection. Following administration the PEG conjugate dissociates from the SNALP, revealing the positive charge and an increasingly fusogenic lipid bilayer, transforming the particle into a transfection-competent entity. EBOV is known to replicate in the tissues of the reticuloendothelial system, specifically in Kupffer cells of liver, and the monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells of the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies utilizing radiolabelled SNALP in mice demonstrated accumulation of more than 30 percent of the injected dose in the liver and 10 percent in the spleen 24 hours after intravenous administration. Fluorescent microscopy of tissue sections showed that SNALP containing Cy3 labelled siRNA were concentrated in the Kupffer cells and resident macrophages of the liver. Promising formulations were selected for evaluation in a guinea pig model of EBOV hemorrhagic fever. The ability of SNALP delivered siRNA to inhibit EVOV plasma viremia is compared to that of PEI polyplex. Further development and optimization of this technology has the potential to yield effective treatments against EBOV hemorrhagic fever (HF), Marburg virus (MARV) HF and other BW threat agents.
GLP-1 Tablet in Type 2 Diabetes in Fasting and Postprandial Conditions
Authors: Mark K Gutniak, Hillevi Larsson, Steven W Sanders, Olof Juneskans, Jens J Holst, Bo Ahrén
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To examine the absorption of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1(7-36) amide from the buccal mucosa of type 2 diabetic patients. Previously, the effects of the peptide have been studied following intravenous and subcutaneous injection. Now, a mucoadhesive, biodegradable buccal GLP-1 tablet (9 mm) containing 119 nmol has been developed as a possible alternative to injection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 10 type 2 diabetic patients received a single tablet under fasting conditions and before a standard meal in this randomized placebo-controlled study. RESULTS The mean peak GLP-1 concentration was 125.1 pmol/l and occurred 30 min after application. The mean placebo-adjusted area under the curve was 5,334 min pmol/l, consistent with a relative bioavailability of 6% vs. intravenous injection and 42% vs. subcutaneous injection. The half-life of total peptide activity after buccal administration was 17 min. The placebo-adjusted glucose concentrations decreased by 1.4 mmol/l in fasting experiments and by 4.2 mmol/l after a standard mixed meal. In the fasting state at 30 min, plasma insulin increased by 185% and glucagon decreased by 20%, consistent with the increase in plasma GLP-1 concentrations. The peptide exerted a significant insulinotropic effect during meals (calculated as an insulinogenic index, 0–120 min; 84.1 vs. 45.7 in placebo experiments). CONCLUSIONS Potentially therapeutic plasma levels of GLP-1 were achieved after administration of a single buccal tablet in type 2 diabetic patients. The peptide had a marked glucose-lowering effect during the first 2 h. This new GLP-1 tablet may become a feasible alternative treatment for type 2 diabetic patients, although a more prolonged pharmacokinetic profile is required.
518. Mechanism of Difference in the Transcription Activity of Nucleus-Delivered Transgene Introduced by Adenovirus and Lipoplex
Authors: Hidetaka Akita, Susumu Hama, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

<Purpose>To develop a highly potent artificial vector, which represents a comparable transfection activity to the viral vectors, we must comprehend why and to what extent artificial vectors are inferior to the viral ones. Recently, we demonstrated a systematic and quantitative comparison of intracellular trafficking of exogenous DNA transfected by viral and non-viral, using a combination of TaqMan PCR and a recently developed confocal image-assisted 3- dimensionally integrated quantification (CIDIQ) method. As a result, we found that LipofectAMINE PLUS (LFN) requires three orders of magnitude more intra-nuclear gene copies to exhibit a trans-gene expression comparable to the adenovirus (Ad), suggesting that difference of transfection efficiency principally arises from differences in nuclear transcription (Hama et al. Mol Ther, in press). Here, we address the mechanism for the prominent differences of nuclear transcription. <Methods> To compare the transcription activity of transgenes between Ad genome and plasmid DNA (pDNA), adenovirus genome encoding GFP was purified by guanidine treatment, followed by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. 10 copies of Ad genome and plasmid DNA were microinjected in the nucleus, and then transgene expression was compared. Ad genome and pDNA was visualized by in situ hybridization in order to compare the decondensation processed in the nucleus. <Results> The nuclear microinjection revealed that adenoviral genome exhibited only a slightly higher transgene expression compared with pDNA, suggesting that these two types of DNA are equivalent in transcription process. In contrast, Ad genome was more extensively stained by in situ hybridization compared with pDNA, even under the condition that total nuclear association of LFN was higher than that of Ad genome. This suggested that inefficient intranuclear transcription is rate-limited by poor decondensation of pDNA from LFN in the nucleus. Furthermore, intranuclear signal of adenovirus was restricted to the specific region, where DAPI staining was moderate, indicating that adenovirus was targeted to the euchromatin. <Conclusion> The differences of intranuclear transcription between Ad and LFN were derived from the differences of the decondensation process of pDNA in the nucleus, and intracnuclear localization.
Maternal Adherence Factors in the Treatment of Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Sarah D. Fenerty, Jenna L. O’Neill, Cheryl J. Gustafson, Steven R. Feldman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Failing to Clarify Treatment Action Plans With Mom in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: Comment on "Maternal Adherence Factors in the Treatment of Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis"
Management of Acute Hypercalcemia
Authors: Alastair J.J. Wood, John P. Bilezikian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

HYPERCALCEMIA is a relatively frequent medical problem. Among its many causes (Table 1), by far the most common are cancer and primary hyperparathyroidism.4 Hypercalcemia requiring urgent attention is most often caused by the former, but it can be caused by the latter (parathyroid crisis) or, rarely, by the other disorders listed in Table 1. Distinguishing between cancer-related hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism is usually not difficult, and the diagnosis is readily confirmed by measurements of serum parathyroid hormone. Most patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have elevated serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone, whereas virtually all patients with cancer-associated hypercalcemia have low concentrations.5 Hypercalcemia in patients . . .
1018-48 Comparative Results of Extraction Atherectomy (TEC) in Vein Graft Lesions with and without Thrombus
Authors: Mark Dooris, William W. O’Neill, Melissa May, Sue Glazier, Anne Lichtenberg, Venu Reddy, Cindy L. Grines, Gregory S. Pavlides, Theodore L. Schreiber, Robert D. Safian.
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)