tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of amrinone on experimental acute myocardial ischaemic injury
Authors: R. E RUDE, R. A KLONER, P. R MAROKO, S. KHURI, S. KARAFFA, L. W V DeBOER, E. BRAUNWALD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

This study was performed to assess the effects of the promising new inotropic agent amrinone on acute myocardial ischaemic injury in the anaesthetised, non-failing canine heart. Eight dogs underwent serial 15 min coronary artery occlusion (CAO) with intervening periods of coronary reperfusion. Saline was infused during the control CAO and amrinone or isoprenaline was infused intravenously at rates necessary to raise left ventricular dP/dt (LV dP/dt) by equivalent amounts in the latter two CAOs. Summed epicardial ST segment elevation (ΣST) was 42.9 ± 14.9 mV in the control CAO, but increased significantly to 76.1 ± 14.4 mV during CAO with amrinone infusion and to 68.6 ± 16.4 mV during CAO with isoprenaline infusion (P<0.001). Acute ischaemic injury was further assessed by mass spectrometric measurement of intramyocardial Pco2 (Pm,co2) during a control CAO (saline infusion) and CAO with amrinone or isoprenaline infused to raise LV dP/dt by equivalent amounts in seven dogs. The magnitude of Pm,co2 rise from baseline(ΔPm,co2) was 6.0 ± 0.5 kPa (45.3 ± 3.9 mmHg) for the control CAO, and was significantly higher during CAO with amrinone or isoprenaline infusion (8.7 ± 0.7 and 8.5 ± 1.0 kPa (64.9 ± 5.0 and 63.7 ± 7.2 mmHg), P <0.01 and P <0.05, respectively). Reproducible changes for ΣST and ΔPm,co2 in consecutive CAO's without inotropic stimulation were documented in further studies. We conclude that amrinone, when infused to produce positive inotropic effects equivalent to those of isoprenaline, is equally detrimental in increasing acute myocardial ischaemic injury in the non-failing canine heart, as manifest by augmentation of epicardial ST segment elevation and intramyocardial Pco2 with both agents during coronary occlusion.
Heme Oxygenase-1 microsatellite polymorphism and haplotypes are associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Chau-Chyun Sheu, Rihong Zhai, Zhaoxi Wang, Michelle N. Gong, Paula Tejera, Feng Chen, Li Su, B. Taylor Thompson, David C. Christiani
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)
Efficacy and safety of lactosaminated human serum albumin-adenine arabinoside monophosphate in chronic hepatitis B patients non-responders to interferon therapy: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Jean-Pierre Zarski, Karl Barange, Claude Souvignet, Marco Bertini, Patrick Marcellin, Albert Tran, Yves Deugnier, Patrick Couzigou, Agnès Plages, Pierre Ambroise-Thomas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Interaction between lymphocytes and platelets in the synthesis of prostacyclin.
Authors: K K Wu, A C Papp, C E Manner, E R Hall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

To test the hypothesis that prostacyclin (PGI2) is formed via a biochemical interaction between platelets and lymphocytes, we measured eicosanoids by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). A distinct 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6KPGF1 alpha) peak was noted when [14C]arachidonic acid ([14C]AA) was added to the mixed cell preparations which was increased by pretreating platelets with 1-benzylimidazole (1-BI). Lymphocytes prelabeled with [14C]AA failed to form 6KPGF1 alpha when stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or ionophore A23187. When the prelabeled platelets were suspended together with aspirin-treated lymphocytes and stimulated with ionophore, thrombin, or collagen, a 6KPGF1 alpha peak was detected and enhanced by 1-BI. These results were supported by quantifying the 6KPGF1 alpha content in the HPLC-purified fraction by RIA. Adding prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) directly to lymphocytes led to 6KPGF1 alpha production. Platelet aggregation and release were inhibited by lymphocytes in a dose-related manner. We conclude that lymphocytes possess PGI2 synthase activity which is capable of converting platelet-derived PGH2 into PGI2. PGI2 formed is sufficient to inhibit platelet function.
Human facial allotransplantation: a 2-year follow-up study
Authors: Shuzhong Guo, Yan Han, Xudong Zhang, Binglun Lu, Chenggang Yi, Hui Zhang, Xianjie Ma, Datai Wang, Li Yang, Xing Fan, Yunjing Liu, Kaihua Lu, Huiyuan Li
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
Tumor-selective action of HDAC inhibitors involves TRAIL induction in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Angela Nebbioso, Nicole Clarke, Emilie Voltz, Emmanuelle Germain, Concetta Ambrosino, Paola Bontempo, Rosana Alvarez, Ettore M Schiavone, Felicetto Ferrara, Francesco Bresciani, Alessandro Weisz, Angel R de Lera, Hinrich Gronemeyer, Lucia Altucci
Journal: Nature Medicine (2004)
Diagnosis and management of adults with chronic heart failure: summary of updated NICE guidance
Authors: A. Al-Mohammad, J. Mant, P. Laramee, S. Swain
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Heart failure affects 900 000 people in the United Kingdom.1 Its prevalence is increasing owing to improved prognosis of ischaemic heart disease (the major cause of heart failure) and an ageing population.2 3 The two main types of heart failure are left ventricular systolic dysfunction and that associated with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Both types have a poor prognosis, although the introduction of effective treatments has led to a fall in mortality from heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction (from 26% at six months in 1995 to 14% at six months in 2005).4 New evidence has emerged on diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and monitoring of people with heart failure, and use of this evidence to guide diagnosis and management is likely to improve outcomes further and increase the cost effectiveness of services. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure (which is a partial update of its 2003 guidelines5).6 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. The new recommendations are indicated in parentheses. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. With the exception of the recommendations on drug treatment, all the recommendations apply to the diagnosis and management of heart failure with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ### Diagnosis
Identification of attenuation and antitermination regulation in prokaryotes
Authors: Warren C Lathe, Mikita Suyama, Peer Bork
Journal: Genome biology (2002)

Many operons of biochemical pathways in bacterial genomes are regulated by processes called attenuation and antitermination. Though the specific mechanism can be quite different, attenuation and antitermination in these operons have in common the termination of transcription by a RNA 'terminator' fold upstream of the first gene in the operon. In the past, detecting regulation by attenuation or antitermination has often been a long process of experimental trial and error, on a case by case basis. We report here the prediction of over 290 upstream regions of genes with attenuation or antitermination regulation structures in the completed genomes of Bacillis subtilis and Escherichia coli for which extensive experimental studies have been done on attenuation and antitermination regulation. These predictions are based on a computational method devised from characteristics of known terminator fold candidates and benchmark regions of entire genomes. We extend this methodology to 24 additional complete genomes and are thus able to give a more complete picture of attenuation and antitermination regulation in bacteria.
Does This Patient With Headache Have a Migraine or Need Neuroimaging?
Authors: Michael E. Detsky, Devon R. McDonald, Mark O. Baerlocher, George A. Tomlinson, Douglas C. McCrory, Christopher M. Booth
Journal: JAMA (2006)

In assessing the patient with headache, clinicians are often faced with 2 important questions: Is this headache a migraine? Does this patient require neuroimaging? The diagnosis of migraine can direct therapy, and information obtained from the history and physical examination is used by physicians to determine which patients require neuroimaging.To determine the usefulness of the history and physical examination that distinguish patients with migraine from those with other headache types and that identify those patients who should undergo neuroimaging.A systematic review was performed using articles from MEDLINE (1966-November 2005) that assessed the performance characteristics of screening questions in diagnosing migraine (with the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria as a gold standard) and addressed the accuracy of the clinical examination in predicting the presence of underlying intracranial pathology (with computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging as the reference standard).Two authors independently reviewed each study to determine eligibility, abstract data, and classify methodological quality using predetermined criteria. Disagreement was resolved by consensus with a third author.Four studies of screening questions for migraine (n = 1745 patients) and 11 neuroimaging studies (n = 3725 patients) met inclusion criteria. All 4 of the migraine studies illustrated high sensitivity and specificity if 3 or 4 criteria were met. The best predictors can be summarized by the mnemonic POUNDing (Pulsating, duration of 4-72 hOurs, Unilateral, Nausea, Disabling). If 4 of the 5 criteria are met, the likelihood ratio (LR) for definite or possible migraine is 24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-388); if 3 are met, the LR is 3.5 (95% CI, 1.3-9.2), and if 2 or fewer are met, the LR is 0.41 (95% CI, 0.32-0.52). For the neuroimaging question, several clinical features were found on pooled analysis to predict the presence of a serious intracranial abnormality: cluster-type headache (LR, 10.7; 95% CI, 2.2-52); abnormal findings on neurologic examination (LR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.4-12); undefined headache (ie, not cluster-, migraine-, or tension-type) (LR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.0-7.1); headache with aura (LR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.6-6.6); headache aggravated by exertion or a valsalva-like maneuver (LR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.8); and headache with vomiting (LR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.6). No clinical features were useful in ruling out significant pathologic conditions.The presence of 4 simple historical features can accurately diagnose migraine. Several individual clinical features were found to be associated with a significant intracranial abnormality, and patients with these features should undergo neuroimaging.
Intestinal Transport During Fasting and Malnutrition
Authors: Ronaldo P. Ferraris, Hannah V. Carey
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2000)

Fasting or malnutrition (FM) has dramatic effects on small intestinal mucosal structure and transport function. Intestinal secretion of ions and fluid is increased by FM both under basal conditions and in response to secretory agonists. Intestinal permeability to ions and macromolecules may also be elevated by FM, which increases the potential for fluid and electrolyte losses and for anaphylactic responses to luminal antigens. Mucosal atrophy induced by FM reduces total intestinal absorption of nutrients, but nutrient absorption normalized to mucosal mass may actually be enhanced by a variety of mechanisms, including increased transporter gene expression, electrochemical gradients, and ratio of mature to immature cells. These observations underscore the value of enteral feeding during health and disease.
FAT is a component of glomerular slit diaphragms
Authors: Tsutomu Inoue, Eishin Yaoita, Hidetake Kurihara, Fujio Shimizu, Tatsuo Sakai, Tatsuya Kobayashi, Kazufumi Ohshiro, Hiroshi Kawachi, Hirokazu Okada, Hiromichi Suzuki, Itaru Kihara, Tadashi Yamamoto
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Lumbar disc degeneration: association between osteophytes, end-plate sclerosis and disc space narrowing
Authors: Stephen R Pye, David M Reid, Mark Lunt, Judith E Adams, Alan J Silman, Terence W O'Neill
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Lumbar disc degeneration is characterised radiologically by the presence of osteophytes, end-plate sclerosis and disc space narrowing.To determine the strength of the association between increasing severity of combinations of these features in a population sample of men and women.Men and women aged >or=50 years were recruited from a primary care-based community health index in Aberdeen, UK. Participants had lateral spinal radiographs performed according to a standard protocol. The intervertebral disc spaces (L1/2-L4/5) were evaluated for the presence of anterior osteophytes, end-plate sclerosis and disc space narrowing using a graded semiquantitative score (grade 0-3). Log linear modelling was used to determine the associations (pairwise) between increasing severity of these features, with the results expressed as beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).There were 286 men (mean age 65.3 years) and 299 women (mean age 65.2 years) with spinal radiographs, yielding a total of 2340 assessable lumbar vertebral levels. In all, 73% of vertebral levels had evidence of osteophytes, 26% of sclerosis and 37% of disc space narrowing. Increasing severity of osteophyte grade was associated with an increasing severity both of sclerosis and of disc space narrowing, whereas the severity of sclerosis was associated with the severity of narrowing. This was true at all vertebral levels. The strongest association, however, was between osteophytes and sclerosis (beta coefficient = 2.7, 95% CI 2.4 to 3.1). For sclerosis and narrowing the beta coefficient was 1.9 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.1), whereas for osteophytes and narrowing the beta coefficient was much weaker at 1.2 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.3). There was no important influence of vertebral level on any of these associations.The association between increasing severity of osteophytes and end-plate sclerosis is stronger than for other combinations of radiographic features of lumbar disc degeneration.
Allergen-specific IgE, IgG, and Th2-type Cytokine Responses are Effectively Downregulated by Immunotherapy with the Novel Dendritic Cell (DC)-Stimulating Antibody, B7-DCXAb
Authors: H. Kita, J.L. Checkel, K. Iijima, S. Radhakrishnan, V.P. Van Keulen, B.J. Mcclimon, T. Kobayashi, D.A. Plager, L.R. Pease
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Gefitinib versus Docetaxel for Previously Treated NSCLC—Response
Authors: Dae Ho Lee, Sang-We Kim
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Gefitinib obtained approval in Korea in 2003 based on the result of IDEAL-1, which had shown a higher response rate of 27.5% than that of 7.1% in a docetaxel trial ([1, 2][1]). Therefore, at the time of designing our trial, unlike other new agents waiting for approval, gefitinib was already being
Beware of the midline scalp lump
Authors: P A Bodkin, R Bhangoo, A R Walsh, S Sgouros
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

of rickets (often due to vitamin D deficiency), calcium with or without vitamin D supplementation may be more effective than vitamin D alone. 2 There are not many reports on dilated cardiomyopathy associated with vitamin D deficiency in infants. [3]4][5][6][7] Other nutritional deficiencies to be considered 8 are those of carnitine, selenium and taurine-carnitine in particular, because depletion can diminish ventricular contractility 9 and oral supplementation of L-Carnitine is effective. 10 Dilated cardiomyopathy caused by nutritional deficiencies seems to have a better prognosis than idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.Appropriate treatment can lead to complete resolution.Thus, in an infant with cardiac failure, a nutritional cause deserves early consideration.
Suppressed natural killer cell activity in patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: John W. Semple, Suzanne Bruce, John Freedman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cell activity was studied in 17 patients with primary chronic idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP). Fifteen of 17 patients had a significantly reduced NK cytotoxicity against 51 chromium labeled K562 target cells (mean LU 20% = 18 ± 20 in patients versus 65 = 2 5 in controls, P &lt; 0.001). NK activity was also significantly reduced in all of six patients with secondary ATP as compared with normal controls (LU 20% 28±15, respectively, P &lt; 0.005). The NK activity in both patient groups correlated with the duration of therapy being received (r = 0.60, P &lt; 0.001). Immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with ATP revealed that CD8‐ cells bearing CD57 (HNK‐1, Leu 7) and CD3‐ cells bearing CD56 (Leu 19) were quantitatively within the normal range. These findings indicate that patients with ATP have a functional defect in NK cytolytic activity.
The Brain–Heart Connection
Authors: Martin A. Samuels
Journal: Circulation (2007)

N eurocardiology has many dimensions, but it may be conceptualized as divided into 3 major categories: the heart's effects on the brain (eg, cardiac source embolic stroke), the brain's effects on the heart (eg, neurogenic heart disease), and neurocardiac syndromes (eg, Friedreich disease).The present review deals with the nervous system's capacity to injure the heart.This subject is inherently important but also represents an example of a much more widespread and conceptually fascinating area of neurovisceral damage in general. History of Learning the Nature of the Brain-Heart ConnectionIn 1942, at the culmination of his distinguished career as Professor of Physiology at Harvard Medical School, Walter B. Cannon published a remarkable paper entitled "'Voodoo' Death," 1 in which he recounted anecdotal experiences, largely from the anthropology literature, of death from fright.These often remote events, drawn from widely disparate parts of the world, had several features in common.They were all induced by an absolute belief that an external force, such as a wizard or medicine man, could, at will, cause demise and that the victim himself had no power to alter this course.This perceived lack of control over a powerful external force is the sine qua non for all the cases recounted by Cannon, who postulated that death was caused "by a lasting and intense action of the sympathico-adrenal system."Cannon believed that this phenomenon was limited to societies in which the people were "so superstitious, so ignorant, that they feel themselves bewildered strangers in a hostile world.Instead of knowledge, they have fertile and unrestricted imaginations which fill their environment with all manner of evil spirits capable of affecting their lives disastrously."Over the years since Cannon's observations, evidence has accumulated to support his concept that "voodoo" death is, in fact, a real phenomenon but, far from being limited to ancient peoples, may be a basic biological principle that provides an important clue to understanding the phenomenon of sudden death in modern society as well as providing a window into the world of neurovisceral disease (also known as psychosomatic illness).George Engel collected 160 accounts from the lay press of sudden death that were attributed to disruptive life events. 2He found that such events could be divided into 8 categories:
SOME ACUTE NASAL AND AURAL CONDITIONS SEEN IN GENERAL PRACTICE
Authors: N. S. Carruthers
Journal: BMJ (1929)

The testicuilar anid ovarian tutiioirs associated witi iacrogen itosonmia have, after microscopical ex.\-amination, been descr ibed uni1der var-ious niameios, but in Mr.. R. P. -lROvlands's recent case of maerogeuitos;omia in a boy, ag.ed 9 years, the tumouroili whicli lie successfilfly excised was regr.lIde(d by Professor Adriani Stokes and1 Jr. G. W.
Antithrombotic activity of inogatran, a new low-molecular-weight inhibitor of thrombin, in a closed-chest porcine model of coronary artery thrombosis
Authors: Yozo Uriuda, Qing-Dong Wang, Lars Grip, Lars Rydén, Per-Ove Sjöquist, Christer Mattsson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

To characterize the antithrombotic activity of inogatran per se in a porcine model of copper-coil-induced coronary artery thrombosis and to compare its effect with that of heparin and ASA.Forty-eight pigs were assigned to one of the following groups: (1) saline; (2) heparin, (a) 75 and (b) 150 IU/kg/h; (3) acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), 12.5 mg/kg; (4) ASA 12.5 mg/kg + inogatran, 0.06 mg/kg/h; (5) ASA 12.5 mg/kg + inogatran, 0.30 mg/kg/h; (6) inogatran, 0.30 mg/kg/h; (7) inogatran, 0.60 mg/kg/h; (8) inogatran, 1.5 mg/kg/h. Computerized vectorcardiography was applied to monitor coronary occlusion and reperfusion.Cumulative time in which coronary arteries were patent, expressed as a percentage of the treatment time (i.e., 90 min) in heparin- and ASA-treated pigs, was 8 +/- 6 and 14 +/- 7%, respectively. This is not significantly different from placebo-treated pigs. Inogatran-treated pigs showed a dose-dependent antithrombotic effect, and the average patency rates were 34 +/- 39, 54 +/- 37 and 80 +/- 32%, in groups 6, 7 and 8, respectively. Combined treatment with inogatran and ASA did not significantly improve the antithrombotic effect. A partial antithrombotic effect of inogatran was maintained for, on average, at least 150 min after the end of treatment, as evidenced by patency rates of 31 +/- 43, 52 +/- 48 and 62% +/- 44, in groups 6, 7, and 8, respectively.Inogatran inhibits the formation of arterial thrombosis more effectively than heparin or ASA. Inhibition of clot-bound thrombin and thrombin-induced platelet activation may be the mechanisms behind this effect. Our findings also suggest that a thrombus formed in the presence of inogatran is more susceptible to spontaneous endogenous fibrinolysis.
Clinical picture and treatment of 2212 patients with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Benjamin Gathmann, Nizar Mahlaoui, Laurence Gérard, Eric Oksenhendler, Klaus Warnatz, Ilka Schulze, Gerhard Kindle, Taco W. Kuijpers, Rachel T. van Beem, David Guzman, Sarita Workman, Pere Soler-Palacín, Javier De Gracia, Torsten Witte, Reinhold E. Schmidt, Jiri Litzman, Eva Hlavackova, Vojtech Thon, Michael Borte, Stephan Borte, Dinakantha Kumararatne, Conleth Feighery, Hilary Longhurst, Matthew Helbert, Anna Szaflarska, Anna Sediva, Bernd H. Belohradsky, Alison Jones, Ulrich Baumann, Isabelle Meyts, Necil Kutukculer, Per Wågström, Nermeen Mouftah Galal, Joachim Roesler, Evangelia Farmaki, Natalia Zinovieva, Peter Ciznar, Efimia Papadopoulou-Alataki, Kirsten Bienemann, Sirje Velbri, Zoya Panahloo, Bodo Grimbacher
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)