tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4162: The importance of age-related cytokines in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ju-Yoon Yoon, Sandrine LaFarge, David Dawe, Sunjay Lakhi, Rajat Kumar, Aaron Marshall, Spencer Gibson, James B. Johnston
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of the elderly with the median age at diagnosis being 72 years. Prognosis is highly variable with the relative survival progressively worsening after age 65 years. In this study we have evaluated whether the age-related cytokines, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha, play a role in the poor survival of elderly patients with CLL. The plasma levels and biological effects of the age-related cytokines, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha, were evaluated in 193 CLL patients of varying ages. Patients were chosen randomly to reflect the age spectrum and sex distribution of the Manitoban CLL population. As predicted from population studies, the survival of patients progressively worsened with age, with the primary causes of death being CLL or one of its complications (infection or second tumors). Cytokine levels were increased in CLL compared to 37 age- and sex-matched controls. A third of patients aged &amp;lt;/=65 years had increased IL-6, compared to 10% in patients &amp;lt; 65. A high correlation was found between the plasma levels of these three cytokines with age and Beta2-microglobulin (a measure of tumor burden). The plasma levels of the cytokines also correlated with each other, suggesting they increased in parallel. In contrast, the standard CLL prognostic markers IgVH mutational status, ZAP-70, CD38 and Rai stage did not correlate with cytokine levels or age. Patients with increased IL-6 or IL-8 had a poorer survival than those with normal levels. For IL-6, this difference was more marked for those &amp;lt;/=65 years. Furthermore, focusing on older patients, multivariate analysis with backward selection of variables showed IL-6 and Beta2-microlgobulin to be significant predictors of survival, while the mutational status and Rai stage were not significant. The cause of death was due to CLL-related causes and not to frailty or cardiovascular disease. However, increased cytokine levels correlated with a higher lifetime incidence of cardiovascular disease. Thus, one source of cytokines may be cardiovascular disease, although CLL cells also secreted low amounts of IL-6 and IL-8. The two cytokines, in turn, significantly increased the adhesion of leukemic cells to stromal cells, suggesting that these cytokines may influence the microenvironment, which would contribute to poor survival. In summary, IL-6 and IL-8 are predictors of survival in CLL, where IL-6 is a stronger predictor of survival in older patients than mutational status or Rai stage. Importance of IL-6 and IL-8 may be associated with their role in facilitating the leukemic-stromal cell interaction. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4162. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4162
Cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis: K-ras mutations and Tp53 dysfunction are implicated in the neoplastic development
Authors: Kirsten Muri Boberg, Erik Schrumpf, Annika Bergquist, Ulrika Broomé, Albert Pares, Helen Remotti, Aasa Schjölberg, Anne Spurkland, Ole Petter Fraas Clausen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Factor XIII in scleroderma: in vitro studies
Authors: M. PAYE, DOMINIQUE READ, BETTY NUSGENS, C.M. LAPIERE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

The administration of Factor XIII (FXIII) produces a beneficial effect on the skin lesions in about 50% of the treated patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). The effect of FXIII on various skin fibroblast functions (proliferation, attachment, biosynthetic activity and mechanical properties) was investigated in vitro using normal and PSS strains. In cell culture, most of the PSS fibroblast strains synthesized excessive amounts of collagen. Other cell functions such as adhesion to collagen I or III, to fibronectin, retraction of collagen lattices, proliferation in low serum concentration and degradation of newly synthesized collagen were not significantly different. The addition of FXIII (I U/ml) inhibited the synthesis of collagen by normal fibroblasts and reduced it in PSS fibroblasts to a level similar to that of normal fibroblasts. This effect was observed for cells cultured on plastic or in a collagen lattice. In the latter, an increased amount of collagen degradation was observed. No significant effect of FXIII on the other cell functions was noted. Excessive collagen production by PSS fibroblasts can be repressed by FXIII in vitro by at least two distinct mechanisms: a reduction of collagen synthesis and an increased degradation of the newly synthesized collagen.
Malaria Therapy for Neurosyphilis-Reply
Authors: Paul D. Stolley
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We were interested to read the letter by Ms Whitrow, whose excellent review of the history of Wagner-Jauregg we cited in our article. However, she produces no new data that would lead us to alter our conclusion that we still do not know if malariotherapy was an efficacious therapy for neurosyphilis. The fact that many contemporary clinicians thought it worked is not adequate proof, nor is the comparative trial of malariotherapy with recurrent fever. The proper trial would have been a randomized, controlled trial of malariotherapy with a placebo, but as we pointed out, the randomized, controlled trial was not in use at the time Wagner-Jauregg was studying this question. It is not true that untreated neurosyphilis was always lethal in a predictable time period, so the comparison with recurrent fever, while of interest, does not speak to the question of the efficacy of malariotherapy. Please note that
Comparative investigations of the biodurability of mineral fibers in the rat lung.
Authors: H Muhle, B Bellmann, F Pott
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The biodurability of various glass fibers, rockwool, and ceramic fibers was examined in rat lungs and compared with natural mineral fibers. Experiments were based on studies that have shown that the biodurability of fibers is one of the essential factors of the carcinogenic potency of these materials. Sized fractions of fibers were instilled intratracheally into Wistar rats. The evenness of distribution of fibers in the lung was checked by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or careful examination of the fiber suspension before treatment. After serial sacrifices up to 24 months after treatment, the fibers were analyzed by SEM following low temperature ashing of the lungs. Parameters measured included number of fibers, diameter, and length distribution at the various sacrifice dates, so that analyses could be made of the elimination kinetics of fibers from the lung in relation to fiber length (FL). Size selective plots of the fiber elimination correlated with fiber diameters enables the mechanism of the fiber elimination (dissolution, fiber breakage, physical clearance) to be interpreted. The half-time of fiber elimination from the lung ranges from about 10 days for wollastonite to more than 300 days for crocidolite. The biodurability of man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) is between these values and is dependent on the chemical composition of the fibers and the diameter and length distribution. Results indicate that the in vivo durability of glass fibers is considerably longer than expected from extrapolation of published data on their in vitro dissolution rates.
Fear God and work hard
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (1997)

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According to the plinth, David Livingstone's statue beside the Zambesi was “unveiled by his excellency the right honorable the lord llewellin, gbe, mc, td, dl, governor general of the federation of rhodesia and nyasaland, and dedicated by his grace the lord archbishop of central africa, edward francis paget, on 16 november 1955.”

Today the inscription seems older than its 42 years but the sculpture itself is ageless, with its resolute chin, gormless moustache, and trouser legs tied with ploughman's “nicky tams”—more useful as anti-creepy-crawly devices in Zimbabwe than in Lanarkshire.

Visiting Scots cannot help swelling with proprietorial pride. Livingstone's five …

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RECENT BIOCHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DEVELOPMENTS IN PSYCHIATRY
Authors: MORTIMER D. SACKLER, RAYMOND R. SACKLER, ARTHUR M. SACKLER, JOHAN H. W. VAN OPHUIJSEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

The therapeutic as well as the physiologic implications of the biochemotherapies have been stressed; the development of 4 of them, thyroid and sex steroids, insulin and histamine, has been sketched; some of our physiologic and clinical data and observations have been integrated into a brief review of a formulation linking fundamental biochemical processes to the etiology and pathogenesis of certain psychiatric disorders. This concept has been presented as historically consistent with the deductions of Kraepelin, Freud, Bleuler, and Jelgersma as to the participation of endogenous biochemical factors in schizophrenic causation. In conclusion, it is submitted that some of the most severe of the psychiatric disorders are no more a primary disease of the brain by itself than the exophthalmous of hyperthyroidism is a primary ocular disease or that diabetes is a primary disease of the blood or kidneys. It is proposed that the outlook even in the most malignant psychiatric processes is being dramatically improved by the early administration of such relatively simple and effective therapeutic agents as histamine and the sex steroids. The ultimate definition of the biochemical processes associated with mental disease must lead to an advanced science of psychiatry in which preventive therapy—biochemical as well as psychologic—will come into its own.
Blood Lead Concentrations &lt; 10 μg/dL and Child Intelligence at 6 Years of Age
Authors: Todd A. Jusko, Charles R. Henderson, Bruce P. Lanphear, Deborah A. Cory-Slechta, Patrick J. Parsons, Richard L. Canfield
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundFew studies provide data directly relevant to the question of whether blood lead concentrations &lt; 10 μg/dL adversely affect children’s cognitive function.ObjectiveWe examined the association between blood lead concentrations assessed throughout early childhood and children’s IQ at 6 years of age.MethodsChildren were followed from 6 months to 6 years of age, with determination of blood lead concentrations at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, and 3, 4, 5, and 6 years of age. At 6 years of age, intelligence was assessed in 194 children using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence–Revised. We used general linear and semiparametic models to estimate and test the association between blood lead concentration and IQ.ResultsAfter adjustment for maternal IQ, HOME scale scores, and other potential confounding factors, lifetime average blood lead concentration (mean = 7.2 μg/dL; median = 6.2 μg/dL) was inversely associated with Full-Scale IQ (p = 0.006) and Performance IQ scores (p = 0.002). Compared with children who had lifetime average blood lead concentrations &lt; 5 μg/dL, children with lifetime average concentrations between 5 and 9.9 μg/dL scored 4.9 points lower on Full-Scale IQ (91.3 vs. 86.4, p = 0.03). Nonlinear modeling of the peak blood lead concentration revealed an inverse association (p = 0.003) between peak blood lead levels and Full-Scale IQ down to 2.1 μg/dL, the lowest observed peak blood lead concentration in our study.ConclusionsEvidence from this cohort indicates that children’s intellectual functioning at 6 years of age is impaired by blood lead concentrations well below 10 μg/dL, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition of an elevated blood lead level.
US pro-life groups ask black women to avoid abortion, calling it genocide
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Last month about 80 billboards went up on highways around Atlanta, Georgia, calling African American children “an endangered species.”

The billboards were posted by Too Many Aborted (www.toomanyaborted.com), an organisation that calls on pregnant black women to avoid abortion and have their babies to prevent “genocide.” Another website, http://blackgenocide.org, is sending a similar message.

The billboards and messages play on mistrust of the medical system among many black people in the United States and compare abortion to slavery and ethnic cleansing.

The billboards in Atlanta were posted during February, national black history month. They were first reported by the Associated Press news agency in the …
New roles for Notch in tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Warren S. Pear
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a dominantly inherited disease that is characterized by the growth of multiple benign tumors that are often difficult to treat. TSC is caused by mutations that inactivate the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, which normally function to inhibit activation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. In this issue of the JCI, two studies reported by Karbowniczek et al. and Ma et al. link TSC inactivation with activated Notch signaling (see the related articles beginning on pages 93 and 103, respectively). Using a variety of approaches, both studies show that inactivation of TSC leads to Notch1 activation. Furthermore, studies in tumor cells suggest that inhibiting Notch slows growth of the tumor cells. Although much remains to be learned about the precise mechanisms by which TSC loss leads to Notch activation, the newly identified link of TSC to Notch provides the rationale for testing Notch inhibitors in TSC-associated tumors.
Methotrexate Therapy in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Roger L. Black, William M. O'Brien, Eugene J. Van Scott, Robert Auerbach, Arthur Z. Eisen, Joseph J. Bunim
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A double-blind study comparing the response of 21 patients with psoriatic arthritis to a series of three parenteral injections of methotrexate at 10-day intervals with the response to a similar series of three placebo injections has been reported. Methotrexate was found to be effective in suppressing the skin manifestations, decreasing joint tenderness and swelling, improving joint range of motion, and decreasing the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Side effects included anorexia or nausea in 13 patients, burning sensation in the skin in ten, depression of the white blood cell count below 4,000/cu mm in seven, oral ulcerations in two, and mild hair loss in one. This therapy should be reserved for patients with severe disabling disease who have failed to respond to more conservative measures.
Production of lactic acid by respiratory muscles
Authors: S Freedman, N. Cooke, J Moxham
Journal: Thorax (1983)

We measured blood lactate in normal subjects after 10 minutes of sustained maximum voluntary ventilation (SMVV) with end-tidal Pco<sub>2</sub> kept constant and after breathing against a big added respiratory load for 200 breaths. With SMVV subjects sustained on average 68% of the predicted maximum breathing capacity and achieved final lactate concentrations of 1·9 mmol/l (17·1 mg/100 ml), representing an average increase of about 1·0 mmol/l (9·0 mg/100 ml) over resting values. There was a wide range between individuals, from no increase at all to 2·7 mmol/l, despite similar levels of ventilation. Breathing against added loads produced much smaller changes in blood lactate.
Surgical quality: review of Californian measures
Authors: M. S Broder
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Many countries publicly report data on the quality of health care.Because surgical patients often have time to plan their care they are ideal candidates to use such data.We examined the adequacy of publicly reported data about surgical quality in California.We used data specific to California because this state is the most populous in the United States and more surgery is done here than in any other state.We defined surgical procedures as those invasive procedures listed by the National Center for Health Statistics. 1 Methods and resultsWe updated a list of organisations that reported on quality in California in 1998 by telephoning those organisations and searching the internet for new sources of data about quality.We surveyed all organisations and collected data about publicly reported quality measures including procedures covered, risk adjustment method, and new measures planned for release by 2005.We found 18 organisations that reported 333 measures of healthcare quality.All measures examined quality at the hospital level; none related to quality of individual surgeons, groups of surgeons, or health plans.A total of 32 measures (10%) rated quality for 21 procedures.These 21 procedures accounted for 270 395 (12%) of the 2 381 601 surgical procedures performed in California in 1999 (table). 2 The organisations reported structure, process, and outcome measures on 12, 0, and 19 procedures.Several procedures had more than one reported outcome measure.Six of the 10 most common non-obstetric procedures had none (coronary artery stent placement, hysterectomy, cholecystectomy, open reduction or internal fixation of fracture, oophorectomy, and appendectomy).The most often reported outcome was death in hospital and major complication rate, which was reported for 11 different procedures.These procedures comprise 11.6% of the Californian total.Except for hospital volume, all measures were risk adjusted.For all measures except death rates for solid organ transplants and coronary artery bypass grafting, risk adjustment relied on routinely collected administrative data, using ICD-9-CM (international classification of diseases, 9th revision, clinical modification) discharge codes.The time lag between collecting data and reporting varied between six and 36 months.Measures other than annual volumes are based on reporting periods of two to three years.As a result, most current measures reflected care delivered between two and five years ago.Except for coronary artery bypass surgery and transplants, all measures relied on data reported under statutory requirements (for example, hospitals receiving Medicare payments must report deaths and complications).Three new measures are expected by 2005 (related to hip fracture, carotid endarterectomy, and coronary artery bypass grafting).In California by 2005, public reporting of mortality risk adjusted for coronary artery bypass grafting will become mandatory and will include deaths specific to individual surgeons.
Measuring Coverage in MNCH: Challenges in Monitoring the Proportion of Young Children with Pneumonia Who Receive Antibiotic Treatment
Authors: Harry Campbell, Shams el Arifeen, Tabish Hazir, James O'Kelly, Jennifer Bryce, Igor Rudan, Shamim Ahmad Qazi
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Pneumonia remains a major cause of child death globally, and improving antibiotic treatment rates is a key control strategy. Progress in improving the global coverage of antibiotic treatment is monitored through large household surveys such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), which estimate antibiotic treatment rates of pneumonia based on two-week recall of pneumonia by caregivers. However, these survey tools identify children with reported symptoms of pneumonia, and because the prevalence of pneumonia over a two-week period in community settings is low, the majority of these children do not have true pneumonia and so do not provide an accurate denominator of pneumonia cases for monitoring antibiotic treatment rates. In this review, we show that the performance of survey tools could be improved by increasing the survey recall period or by improving either overall discriminative power or specificity. However, even at a test specificity of 95% (and a test sensitivity of 80%), the proportion of children with reported symptoms of pneumonia who truly have pneumonia is only 22% (the positive predictive value of the survey tool). Thus, although DHS and MICS survey data on rates of care seeking for children with reported symptoms of pneumonia and other childhood illnesses remain valid and important, DHS and MICS data are not able to give valid estimates of antibiotic treatment rates in children with pneumonia.
Intracoronary infusion of bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cells abrogates adverse left ventricular remodelling post‐acute myocardial infarction: insights from the reinfusion of enriched progenitor cells and infarct remodelling in acute myocardial infarction (REPAIR‐AMI) trial
Authors: Volker Schächinger, Birgit Assmus, Sandra Erbs, Albrecht Elsässer, Werner Haberbosch, Rainer Hambrecht, Jiangtao Yu, Roberto Corti, Detlef G. Mathey, Christian W. Hamm, Torsten Tonn, Stefanie Dimmeler, Andreas M. Zeiher
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Magnetic resonance direct thrombus imaging differentiates acute recurrent ipsilateral deep vein thrombosis from residual thrombosis
Authors: Melanie Tan, Gerben C. Mol, Cornelis J. van Rooden, Frederikus A. Klok, Robin E. Westerbeek, Antonio Iglesias del Sol, Marcel A. van de Ree, Albert de Roos, Menno V. Huisman
Journal: Blood (2014)
Journal criticises Vioxx study for omitting three heart attacks
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The New England Journal of Medicine has issued an editorial “statement of concern” about the omission of data in a paper it published. It said that three heart attacks were omitted from a study comparing rofecoxib (Vioxx) with naproxen, under-stating the risks of rofecoxib.

The editorial by the journal's three top editors will appear in print in the 29 December issue but was published online on 8 December (www.nejm.org, doi: 10.1056/NEJMe058314).

It said: “Relevant data on cardiovascular outcomes had been deleted from the VIGOR [Vioxx gastrointestinal outcomes research] manuscript prior to its submission to the journal and… the authors had withheld data on other relevant cardiovascular outcomes. …
What about consciousness during learning?
Authors: Annie Vinter, Pierre Perruchet
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Though we fully agree that unconscious processing produces explicit representations that form the conscious phenomenal experience of the subject, identifying phenomenal experience with stable patterns of activation in a PDP network seriously limits O'Brien &amp; Opie's thesis. They fail to recognize the constructive role of consciousness during the learning episode itself, reducing consciousness to a resulting outcome of the learning episode. We illustrate how consciousness can guide and shape the formation of increasingly structured representations of the world by presenting a brief outline of a model for speech segmentation.
Explaining the Persistence of Malaria in South Korea
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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