tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Hospitalized Adolescent: A Guide to Managing the III and Injured Youth
Authors: Leon D. Hankoff
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This book deals with the special problems facing the primary care physician who treats the adolescent patient in the general hospital setting. The authors have undertaken a difficult task—trying to provide the principles of psychological management for an extremely broad and varied group of somatic conditions united only by a common age range. The book surveys the range of problems of adolescence in hospital practice and also sketches in readable form the general area of adolescent psychology and the special topic of the adolescent's reaction to somatic illness. One of the most valuable aspects of the book is the attention given to the influences and reactions of the environment surrounding the adolescent. The attitudes of medical staff and parents toward adolescents are discussed as well as hospital routines and practices affecting the patient. Needless to say, the stereotyped practices and attitudes of the hospital environment are often a source of
Effects of sex hormones on oncogene expression in the vagina and on development of sexual dimorphism of the pelvis and anococcygeus muscle in the mouse.
Authors: T Iguchi, Y Fukazawa, H A Bern
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Neonatal treatment of female mice with diethystilbestrol (DES) is known to induce ovary-independent persistent proliferation and cornification of vaginal epithelium. This irreversibly changed vaginal epithelium persistently expressed higher levels of c-jun and c-fos mRNAs, which was not altered by postpubertal estrogen. Sexual dimorphism was encountered in mouse pelvis and anococcygeus muscle. Postpubertal estrogen changed the shape of the pelvis to the female type and postpubertal androgen changed it to the male type. Neonatal exposure to DES and to the antiestrogen tamoxifen altered the developmental pattern of the pelvis, which contained lower concentrations of calcium and phosphorus than controls. The size of anococcygeus muscle was increased by postpubertal androgen but decreased by postpubertal estrogen. However, neonatal estrogen (DES) exposure permanently enlarged the anococcygeus muscle. Thus, neonatal treatment of mice with estrogen and antiestrogen results in irreversible changes in nonreproductive as well as reproductive structures.
Adjuvant regional chemotherapy and systemic chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy alone in patients with stage II–III colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled phase III trial
Authors: Bernard Nordlinger, Philippe Rougier, Jean-Pierre Arnaud, Muriel Debois, Jaques Wils, Jean-Claude Ollier, Olivier Grobost, Philippe Lasser, Jacob Wals, Jerome Lacourt, Jean-François Seitz, Jose Guimares dos Santos, Harry Bleiberg, Rémy Mackiewickz, Thierry Conroy, Olivier Bouché, Thierry Morin, Liliana Baila, Eric van Cutsem, Laurent Bedenne
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2005)
Type III Hyperlipoproteinaemia
Authors: P. Borrie
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Eighteen patients with type III hyperlipoproteinaemia, diagnosed on the basis of skin lesions, serum lipids, and lipoprotein electrophoresis, have been fully investigated over a period of 15 years. The incidence of coronary artery disease was only slightly increased, and was not increased at all among first-degree relatives. Peripheral occlusive arterial disease was probably more common. An increased incidence of carbohydrate intolerance was found in neither the patients nor their relatives. The effects of treatment on the skin were uniformly good.
Estrogens from the Outside In: Alkylphenols, BPA Disrupt ERK Signaling <i>in Vitro</i>
Authors: Julia R. Barrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Efforts to minimize people's exposure to air pollution historically have focused on curbing emissions from tailpipes and smokestacks.But increases in vehicle-kilometers traveled-that is, more cars spending more time on the road-have tempered that effect.Moreover, residential areas, hospitals, and schools often are built adjacent to main traffic arteries, where emissions are highest.An international group of public health researchers now says it's time to start separating people from sources of air pollution as a means of protecting public health [EHP 119(1):29-36; Giles et al.].Air pollution can cause myriad cardiovascular and respiratory problems including asthma, bronchitis, and heart disease.Outdoor air pollutants can easily migrate indoors, and most exposure to ambient air pollution occurs inside buildings.Recent research indicates that people living near congested highways face a greater risk of such diseases and that moving to a lesspolluted neighborhood lowers their risk.The authors describe "promising and largely unexplored" approaches to reducing the health impact of air pollution through interventions targeted at communities and at indivi duals.They base their recommendations on published studies and discussions from a 2009 workshop on this topic held in Vancouver, Canada.The authors argue that cities can improve residents' health by considering air quality during land-use planning.For example, creating high-density, mixed-use areas would enable more people to walk or bicycle to work, school, and shops, thereby reducing emissions and encouraging more exercise; ideally, safe pedestrian and cycling greenways would be located away from traffic.For longerdistance travel, the authors suggest low-emission public transit.And in areas where wood burning is an important heating method, woodstove exchange programs can help residents acquire cleaner-burning stoves affordably.Risk factors for heart disease include a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and a high-sodium diet.Therefore, the authors posit that another approach to reducing a person's risk of being affected by air pollution is to minimize one's overall risk of heart disease.This could involve interventions that encourage people to eat a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants and to get regular exercise.However, because pollution levels vary even within cities, exercise should be planned to minimize exposure.Variations occur by season, with ozone being higher in the summer and particulates from woodstoves higher in the winter, for example.Traffic-related pollutants also spike during rush hour and are higher in heavily traveled areas.
Critical Review of Complementary Therapies for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Simon Wilkinson, Gerald W. Chodak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Despite its prominence as the most frequently diagnosed solid tumor among men in the United States, relatively little is known about the etiology of prostate cancer. Furthermore, research into treatment strategies for prostate cancer continues to lag behind research for the other most common cancers. At the same time, however, the popularity of complementary therapies among prostate cancer patients continues to grow. In this article, we provide a critical review of the most recent evidence for dietary modifications, food supplements, and herbs in prostate cancer prevention and treatment. Despite encouraging data for some of these interventions, even the strongest proponents of complementary therapy agree that only randomized controlled trials can provide sufficient evidence on which to create universal guidelines. However, such trials are highly complex and expensive, and they require lengthy follow-up. Until such trials are completed, an opportunity exists for health care professionals to improve their knowledge and understanding of the current evidence for or against complementary therapy in prostate cancer.
848 HIGH CONCORDANCE OF SVR4, SVR12, AND SVR24 IN PATIENTS WITH HCV INFECTION WHO HAVE RECEIVED TREATMENT WITH SOFOSBUVIR
Authors: E. Lawitz, E.J. Gane, J. Lalezari, R.H. Hyland, J. Ma, W.T. Symonds, T. Hassanein, K.V. Kowdley
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: M.K. Kan, G.B. Hopkins, C.F.X. Carroll
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Ninety-one patients with chest pain suggestive of acute myocardial infarction were studied by static technetium Tc 99m stannous pyrophosphate scintigraphy and dynamic sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m cardioangiography. Twenty-three of 26 patients (88%) with acute transmural infarcts and 12 of 17 patients (71%) with nontransmural infarcts had abnormal static studies. In 45 patients with negative scintigrams, ECG or serum enzyme changes consistent with acute infarction failed to develop. Three false-positive static studies (6%) were recorded. Twenty of 43 (47%) patients with acute infarction had hemodynamic or structural abnormalities identified by cardioangiography. The dynamic study also proved helpful in localizing the site of infarction and in ruling out certain causes of false-positive static scintigrams. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1637-1640, 1977)
Time-dependent SCD risk during mountain hiking.
Authors: M Burtscher
Journal: Circulation (1994)

serum ferritin as a heart disease risk factor for reasons discussed previously4: "The strength of serum ferritin as a risk factor for IHD (ischemic heart disease) may vary considerably over its clinically observed range.The unresolved question involves the amount of iron required for promotion of IHD.Perhaps the key protective factor is the maintenance of iron depletion.Nearly maximal promotion of IHD may require relatively small amounts of storage iron.After iron sufficiency is achieved, further increments may be associated with progressively less added risk per additional mg of storage iron.If this is the case, serum ferritin would behave as a strong risk factor, but only over the extreme low end of its observed range.... Above the extreme low end of its observed range, serum ferritin may also be a significant, though weaker, risk factor.Clearly there are many more iron-replete men and postmenopausal women without clinical evidence of IHD than with.If iron depletion is protective and if the other risk factors promote disease only in iron-replete subjects, serum ferritin may appear to be a risk factor only insofar as it is a marker for the number of years a given subject has been iron replete."The "number of years a given subject has been iron replete" is an especially important factor in evaluating sex differences in iron stores as they relate to risk.Serum ferritin measurements at one point in time do not reveal the duration of exposure to stored iron.A 50-year-old woman may have more iron stores than some 50-year-old men.However, she may have been exposed to stored iron for only 1 or 2 years, whereas her 50-year-old husband may have had an equivalent stored iron burden for one or two decades.A given serum ferritin value may thus have a greater impact on the development of heart disease in a man than in a woman of the same age because of his much longer exposure to stored iron.Identification of low TIBC as a risk factor for myocardial infarction1 is an important finding.However, it is most significant as additional support for the concept that iron depletion protects against ischemic heart disease,2-5 not for the limited hypothesis that transferrin is an independent negative risk factor.
Chronic hepatitis C: Interferon retreatment of relapsers. A meta-analysis of individual patient data
Authors: Calogero Cammà, Marco Giunta, Liliana Chemello, Alfredo Alberti, Hidenori Toyoda, Christian Trepo, Patrick Marcellin, Friederike Zahm, Solko Schalm, Antonio Craxì
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Relapse after interferon (IFN) therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection occurs in 50% of patients after the initial response. The benefit of retreatment with IFN alone has not been assessed in large controlled studies. To assess the effectiveness and the tolerability of IFN retreatment and to identify the optimal second course regimen, we performed a meta-analysis of individual patient's data on a set of 549 patients (mean age 43.8 years; 12.2 SD, men: 65%) who had an end-of-treatment biochemical response to a first IFN course and then relapsed. Retreatment was started within 24 months after the end of the first course. Biochemical end-of-treatment responses (ETR) and sustained responses (SR) were observed in 405 of 549 (73.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 70.1-77.5) and in 124 of 549 (22.6%; CI 19.1-26.1) patients, respectively. One hundred seventy-five of 404 patients (43.3%; CI 38.6-48.2) developed an end-of-treatment, biochemical, and virological response when retreated. A biochemical and virological SR to retreatment occurred in 73 of 494 (14.8%; CI 11.7-18) patients. Thirty-two patients (5.8%; CI 3.5-7.8) stopped retreatment for adverse effects. Biochemical and virological SR was predicted independently by logistic regression analysis using a negative HCV RNA at the end of the first cycle of IFN ( P = .01) and by retreatment with a high IFN dose ( P = .03). Age, cirrhosis, genotype, and γ-glutamyl transferase levels before retreatment were not significant by multivariate analysis. The excellent tolerability of IFN monotherapy retreatment makes it an option for patients who transiently cleared HCV-RNA during their first IFN course. Patients should be retreated with a high IFN dose regardless of the strength of the dose received during the previous course of treatment.
The Distinction Between Completing a Suicide and Assisting One: Why Treating a Suicide Attempt Does Not Require Closing the “Window of Opportunity”
Authors: Jeffrey P. Spike
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

"The Distinction Between Completing a Suicide and Assisting One: Why Treating a Suicide Attempt Does Not Require Closing the "Window of Opportunity"." The American Journal of Bioethics, 13(3), pp. 26–27
IMPACT OF EJECTION FRACTION ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PCI: A PATIENT-LEVEL POOLED ANALYSIS FROM THE REPLACE-2, ACUITY AND HORIZONS-AMI TRIALS
Authors: Jennifer Yu, George Dangas, Usman Baber, Georgios Vlachojannis, Tim Clayton, Stuart Pocock, Frederick Feit, David Cox, Bruce Brodie, A. Lincoff, Efthymios Deliargyris, Bernard Gersh, C. Michael Gibson, Roxana Mehran, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Hospital pays out six figure sum to widow for error over antifungal drug
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The widow of a man who died after being given five times the appropriate dose of an antifungal drug at Birmingham Heartlands Hospital has accepted a six figure sum plus costs in settlement of her compensation claim.

Paul Richards, 35, had side effects from chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in July 2007 when he was given a fatal dose of the antifungal amphotericin. An inquest into his death reached a verdict of accidental death contributed to by neglect, and the Heart of England NHS Trust, which is responsible for the hospital, admitted a breach of its duty of care.

Despite …
Frequency of Primary Nonadherence to Acne Treatment
Authors: Kathryn L. Anderson, Emily H. Dothard, Karen E. Huang, Steven R. Feldman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Treatment outcomes depend on adherence to the prescribed regimen. Primary nonadherence refers to not obtaining and starting to take a prescribed medication. The frequency of primary nonadherence to acne treatment has not been well characterized. The complexity of multidrug acne regimens may add to this problem but, to our knowledge, has not been explored.To estimate acne treatment primary nonadherence rates and to determine the relationship between primary nonadherence and the number of acne treatments prescribed.A review of medical records from an outpatient university dermatology clinic identified patients with an acne diagnosis at a dermatology visit in the past 3 months who were prescribed 1, 2, or 3 or more treatments. Patients were excluded if they were not English speakers, were not prescribed treatment for their acne, or did not have an active telephone number. Using randomized lists, these patients were queried via telephone regarding which acne treatments they obtained. The results were analyzed using Fisher exact tests and multivariable logistic regression. For patients who were prescribed 1, 2, or 3 or more treatments, 47, 48, and 48 eligible patients were contacted, respectively.The primary study outcomes were the overall rate of primary nonadherence and the rate for each treatment-number subgroup. Secondary outcomes included the association of sex, age, medication type, and electronic prescription status with primary nonadherence.Overall, 27% of patients did not fill all their prescriptions. Of patients who were given 1, 2, or 3 or more treatments, 9%, 40%, and 31%, respectively, did not fill all their prescriptions. There was no statistically significant difference by sex or age for primary nonadherence in any of the 3 treatment-number groups. Based on multivariable analyses, being prescribed a topical retinoid (odds ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.0-8.0) or an over-the-counter product (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.1-12.3) was associated with primary nonadherence. Based on univariate analysis, there was less primary nonadherence with electronic prescriptions compared with paper prescriptions (P < .001).Primary adherence to an acne treatment regimen is better when only 1 treatment is prescribed. Some patients may not complete acne treatment because 1 or more of their medications were never obtained.
Early detection of visual defects in infancy
Authors: D M B Hall, S. M Hall
Journal: BMJ (1988)

To determine the part played by screening in detecting visual defects questionnaires were sent to 240 families with blind or partially sighted children identified from the Family Fund's database. Questions were asked on social and family background, the visual disorder and its severity, any other disability, and how and when the disabilities were discovered and subsequently managed. Data from 189 families were analysed, constituting all those with children with major visual defects from the 219 families who replied. The visual defect was first discovered in 111 children by parents, friends, and neighbours, and in 36 by a doctor at the neonatal examination. In only three children who did not have a family history of visual impairment was the defect discovered during a formal screening examination at a child health clinic. Dissatisfaction about medical services was expressed by about a third of the parents, particularly a lack of provision of information and consideration of their worries and a failure to refer the child promptly to educational and treatment services. Visual defects in children under 5 are generally detected by family and friends, not by screening, but detection by the medical profession could be improved by increased awareness and observation and quick referral.
Tissue Endothelin-1 Immunoreactivity in the Active Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque
Authors: Andreas M. Zeiher, Heike Goebel, Volker Schächinger, Christian Ihling
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The pathomorphological substrate of complicated coronary atherosclerotic lesions underlying unstable angina is characterized by a localized chronic inflammatory process. Functionally, coronary lesions associated with unstable angina demonstrate an enhanced vasoreactivity. Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced not only by endothelial cells but also by macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, the cell types characteristic of inflammation. Methods and Results By use of immunohistochemical techniques, we examined the presence of endothelin-1 in coronary atherosclerotic plaque tissue obtained by directional coronary atherectomy of primary lesions from 50 consecutive patients. The tissue specimens of 43 of 50 patients (86%) demonstrated endothelin-1–like immunoreactivity. Endothelin-1–like immunoreactivity preferentially localized to macrophage-rich areas, to hypercellular regions rich in microvessels, and to plaque areas with evidence of prior hemorrhage. Double-immunolabeling revealed that both macrophages (HAM56 positive) and intimal smooth muscle cells (α-actin positive) demonstrated cytoplasmic immunostaining for endothelin-1. Semiquantitative analysis of endothelin-1–like immunostaining revealed significantly ( P &lt;.005) higher staining grades in active (1.86±0.15, n=40) compared with nonactive lesions (0.78±0.35, n=10): endothelin-1 staining grades were significantly ( P &lt;.001) lower in patients with stable angina (0.69±0.19, n=13) than in patients with crescendo angina (1.82±0.30, n=11), with angina at rest (2.08±0.21, n=12), or with angina after myocardial infarction (2.0±0.26, n=14). Conclusions Endothelin-1 immunostaining of atherosclerotic tissue localizes predominantly with plaque components indicative of chronic inflammatory processes. The increased tissue endothelin-1–like immunoreactivity in active coronary atherosclerotic lesions may provide a clue to the mechanisms of increased vasoreactivity of the culprit lesion in acute ischemic syndromes, which is the clinical substrate of the active coronary atherosclerotic plaque.
Antiarrhythmic effects of solvents: III Effects of propylene glycol and benzyl alcohol on contractile force of isolated rabbit heart
Authors: W. J. YASAKA, F. W. EICHBAUM, S. OGA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Journal Article Antiarrhythmic effects of solvents: III Effects of propylene glycol and benzyl alcohol on contractile force of isolated rabbit heart Get access WILSON J. YASAKA, WILSON J. YASAKA From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, and Therapeutic Clinic Section, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FRANTISEK W. EICHBAUM, FRANTISEK W. EICHBAUM From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, and Therapeutic Clinic Section, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SEIZI OGA SEIZI OGA 1 From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, and Therapeutic Clinic Section, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil 1Address for reprints: Dr Seizi Oga, Dept. Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Caixa Postal 4.365, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 13, Issue 12, December 1979, Pages 717–722, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/13.12.717 Published: 01 December 1979