tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial-Sensing Proteins in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: José María Moreno-Navarrete, José Manuel Fernández-Real
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Obesity is well known to be associated with a cluster of metabolic diseases such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis (1). Alterations of the innate immune system are increasingly recognized to be intrinsically linked to metabolic pathways in humans (2). Central to metabolic diseases is insulin resistance associated with a low-grade inflammatory status (3). The mechanisms through which proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1α, interact with cellular insulin signal transduction cascades have been better understood in the last few years (4–6). In vivo, a direct correlation between increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance has been well demonstrated (3,7). The origin of this increased inflammatory activity in obesity and type 2 diabetes is virtually unknown. Immune system homeostasis is challenged by continuous external insults, such as saturated fatty acid–rich diets (8), pathogen-associated molecular patterns like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (9), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) (10), burden of infection (11), and oxidative stress (12). These continuous insults could result in a chronic low level of inflammation associated with insulin resistance.

Here, we review the potential significance of neutrophil dysfunction in subjects with type 2 diabetes and the consequence of altered antimicrobial-sensing protein profile in obesity-related metabolic disturbances.

Given that 60–70% of blood leukocytes are granulocytes and over 90% of granulocytes are neutrophils, polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) are the largest fraction of white blood cells. PMNs possess a variety of functions, including chemotaxis, adhesion to the endothelium and foreign agents, phagocytosis, and microbicidal activity. PMNs are able to penetrate and migrate into infected tissues and destroy invading microorganisms after internalization by producing multiple toxic agents such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), proteases (elastase), and proteins interfering with bacterial development.

Chronic disease (such as type 2 diabetes), age-associated insulin resistance, nutrition, …
Normal insulin-dependent activation of Akt/protein kinase B, with diminished activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, in muscle in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Young-Bum Kim, Svetlana E. Nikoulina, Theodore P. Ciaraldi, Robert R. Henry, Barbara B. Kahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

To determine whether the serine/threonine kinase Akt (also known as protein kinase B) is activated in vivo by insulin administration in humans, and whether impaired activation of Akt could play a role in insulin resistance, we measured the activity and phosphorylation of Akt isoforms in skeletal muscle from 3 groups of subjects: lean, obese nondiabetic, and obese type 2 diabetic. Vastus lateralis biopsies were taken in the basal (overnight fast) and insulin-stimulated (euglycemic clamp) states. Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal was reduced 31% in obese subjects and 63% in diabetic subjects, compared with lean subjects. Glycogen synthase (GS) activity in the basal state was reduced 28% in obese subjects and 49% in diabetic subjects, compared with lean subjects. Insulin-stimulated GS activity was reduced 30% in diabetic subjects. Insulin treatment activated the insulin receptor substrate-1–associated (IRS-1–associated) phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) 6.1-fold in lean, 3.7-fold in obese, and 2.4-fold in diabetic subjects. Insulin also stimulated IRS-2–associated PI 3-kinase activity 2.2-fold in lean subjects, but only 1.4-fold in diabetic subjects. Basal activity of Akt1/Akt2 (Akt1/2) and Akt3 was similar in all groups. Insulin increased Akt1/2 activity 1.7- to 2.0-fold, and tended to activate Akt3, in all groups. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt1/2 was normal in obese and diabetic subjects. In lean subjects only, insulin-stimulated Akt1/2 activity correlated with glucose disposal rate. Thus, insulin activation of Akt isoforms is normal in muscle of obese nondiabetic and obese diabetic subjects, despite decreases of approximately 50% and 39% in IRS-1– and IRS-2–associated PI 3-kinase activity, respectively, in obese diabetic subjects. It is therefore unlikely that Akt plays a major role in the resistance to insulin action on glucose disposal or GS activation that is observed in muscle of obese type 2 diabetic subjects.
VOLVULUS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE FOLLOWING ILEO-COLOSTOMY
Authors: N. Duggan
Journal: BMJ (1920)

r M"TEZCABRJornA 889 ribs the liver dullness seems to extend upwards into the axilla and the resistance to the fingers is increased.No definite change in the breath -sounds beyond(l some lesseining over the d(ull area.X-ray evidence showe(d a large cyst, abouit 4 to 5 inches in diameter, present in the axillary line, just above the diaphragm oni the right side.A beautifully clear outline was shown and there was no possible doubt as tQ the inature of the disease.No blood cell clhanges.There was a shadow at the root of the lung of small size.The radiologist reporte(d that this was due to inflammatory thickening around a Lbronchus.Operation revealed a degetnerated cyst full of odourless pus an(d ,Cyst d6bris.The patient bas since developed phthisis.2. F. F., aged 38, sailo'r, admitted May, 1914, with pleural efftision.He had a history of left-sided pneumonia an(d pleurisy for the last eighteen months.Comnplained of cough aed increasing weakniess.After aspiration there remained -a6me dullDess below third._rib in front.The pleural fluid con- tAined polynuclear cells.He was dischargedl at the enid of three weeks relieved.Readmitted May, 1915.He hlad lost flesh, and had an irritating cough, relieve'd by lying on the left side.Movement on left side restricted.The heirt
Reply to W. Tapper et al
Authors: Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Florence Magrangeas, Stéphane Minvielle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

We appreciate the opportunity to reply to the comments by Tapper et al in relation to our study. To replicate our study, Tapper et al examined del(12p13.31) locus using fluorescent in situ hybridization in 256 patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM), and found a trend for association with overall survival (P .06). After the publication of our work, we substantially increased the number of patients investigated for 12p13.31 deletion. The prognostic impact of this genetic lesion was confirmed in a larger cohort (n 455) of patients newly diagnosed with MM who were enrolled onto Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome clinical trials (Figs 1A and 1B). How can this apparent discrepancy between the study by Tapper et al and our study be explained? In
Book: The Potential for Health
Authors: F. Paccaud
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Kenneth C Calman Oxford University Press, £19.99, pp 292 ISBN 0 19 262944 1 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> This book is much like a conversation, of the sort you have with someone you have just met at a professional meeting: a mixture of common wisdom (mostly) and new ideas (few), and, because a conversation often abruptly changes its direction, a poor organisation of the arguments. Because Kenneth Calman was England's chief medical officer, he has a unique experience of topics related to the practice of public health. These are the … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Hemostasis and Thrombosis
Authors: Harry L. Messmore
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MODERN STEAM STERILIZATION
Authors: MAX RUBNER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

nearly ns possible into line with the short uppermost frag¬ ment.The original packing remained in place forty-seven days.Granulations gradually filled the cavities; the limb became firmer, and to-day the man walks well without crutch or eane and has but \y4 inches shortening.The second plate (Fig. 2) was made Dee. 18, 1912, and shows the fusing of the fragments together und with the callus, the absorption of the projecting spiculae nnd the zigzag direction of the bone.It shows, however, that tlie center of gravity is transmitted properly through the bone ami this accounts for the symmetry und strength of the limb.This patient was seen February 10 when the plate repro¬ duced in Figure 3 was made, lie walked with hardly a perceptible limp and bis limb seemed about as straight and appeared fully as strong as its fellow.A photograph, repro¬ duced in Figure 4, wns taken at this time.The patient stated (hoi lie walks :( miles nf a time without discomfort.The last sinus bad been closed more than a month.The history of this case illustrates:1.The marvelous power of Nature in tin1 restoration of function to a bone apparently hopelessly shattered.2. The advantages of the Fabian policy in wounds with inaccessible depths and unknown tendencies to infection.3. The fallacy of the belief that satisfactory function cannot follow unless fractures are anatomically adjusted.Flß. 4.-Leg's of patient wllh shattered femur (seven months after Injury).Note straightness of leg.Child Labor and Oysters in ^Mississippi.-Thestate of Missis¬ sippi considers her human resources even less significant than her sister state, Louisiana.In five years the state has spent approximately $1(12,000 to replant depleted oyster reefs.Yet to this day, with 2,(100 manufacturing establishments alone, and an average of nearly 51,000 wnge-enrners, Mississippi has not provided a single penny for factory inspection.There is a child-labor law in Mississippi, which provides that no girl under 14 years nnd no boy under 12 shall be employed, but there is no one in the state whose sole business it is to see that the law is enforced.If the sheriff has visited the can¬ neries ns he is "empowered" to Co, he missed the ninety-three children between (! and 14 years of age whom I found actually at work in four Mississippi oyster canneries.-
The very last word
Authors: Jeff Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Hidradenitis suppurativa and pilonidal sinus woundsHidradenitis, an infection of apocrine sweat glands, affects armpits and groins; pilonidal sinus, a tissue infection caused by ingrowing hair, mainly affects the natal cleft.Failed, repeated drainage of the abscesses requires complete excision.The defect usually heals by secondary intention.Initially, excision wounds are usually dressed with polymeric foam.Once the wound has reduced in size, a topical antimicrobial dressing (such as those that contain iodine or silver) may be used.However, grafts or flaps are also used, either as the primary treatment or for non-healing wounds.These wounds often become infected and require prolonged treatment to cover Gram positive and anaerobic organisms.
Serum Trypsin Inhibitor Concentrations in Coal Miners With Respiratory Symptoms
Authors: Harold Resnick
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The repeated demonstration of chronic obstructive airway disease in coal miners suggests the possible involvement of hereditary factors. Since the only known association between heredity and irreversible airway obstructive disease is related to α1-antitrypsin inhibitors, the sera of a group of symptomatic coal miners were studied for antitryptic activity. No homozygous deficient subject was found in the group of coal miners studied. The distribution of trypsin inhibitor capacity suggests that a gaussian distribution provides a good fit to the data.
Prognostic significance of splenectomy for patients with gastric adenocarcinoma undergoing total gastrectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Frank Wang, Yu-Cheng Chang, Tsung-Hsing Chen, Jun-Te Hsu, Chia-Jung Kuo, Chun-Jung Lin, Jen-Shi Chen, Kun-Chun Chiang, Ta-Sen Yeh, Tsann-Long Hwang, Yi-Yin Jan
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
A policy framework for commissioning cancer services
Authors: M. Whitehouse
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Hippocrates cannot have been overconfident about the provision of care for patients with cancer. In one of his aphorisms he pointed out that patients with internal cancers who were treated survived a shorter time than those who were left alone. Some 25 centuries later informed voices have decried Britain's cancer services, some likening progress through them to the vagaries of the lottery. While this analogy is overly pessimistic, the failure of health planners to respond to the improved understanding and treatment of cancers has more than justified much of the recent criticism.

Many doctors also remain ignorant of what is achievable with good cancer care, which is hardly surprising, given the low …
Could embodied simulation be a by-product of emotion perception?
Authors: Julian Kiverstein, Edoardo Zamuner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract The SIMS model claims that it is by means of an embodied simulation that we determine the meaning of an observed smile. This suggests that crucial interpretative work is done in the mapping that takes us from a perceived smile to the activation of one's own facial musculature. How is this mapping achieved? Might it depend upon a prior interpretation arrived at on the basis of perceptual and contextual information?
Heartburn — A Serious Symptom
Authors: Sidney Cohen, Henry P. Parkman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Heartburn is a serious symptom that merits more attention from patients and physicians. It is the hallmark of gastroesophageal reflux, a disorder that may lead to esophagitis, progressing in some patients to the metaplastic columnar mucosal changes known as Barrett's esophagus, and ultimately to adenocarcinoma.Since the 1970s, the incidence of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia has risen more rapidly than the incidence of any other cancer in the United States. During this time, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased by a factor of six to eight, with little change in the incidence of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma. . . .
Budesonide combined with UDCA to improve liver histology in primary biliary cirrhosis: A three-year randomized trial
Authors: Henna Rautiainen, Päivi Kärkkäinen, A‐L Karvonen, Heimo Nurmi, Pekka Pikkarainen, Hannu Nuutinen, Martti Färkkilä
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a safe medical therapy for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), but its effect on liver histology remains uncertain. Budesonide is a glucocorticoid with high receptor activity and high first-pass metabolism in liver. We evaluated the combination of budesonide and UDCA on liver histology and compared this with UDCA alone in a 3-year prospective, randomized, open multicenter study. Patients with PBC (n = 77), at stages I to III, were randomized into 2 treatment arms, A (n = 41): budesonide 6 mg/d and UDCA 15 mg/kg/d and B (n = 36): UDCA 15mg/kg/d. Liver histology was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Liver function tests and glucose and cortisol values were determined every 4 months. Paired liver biopsy specimens were available from 69 patients (A = 37 and B = 32). Stage improved 22% in group A but deteriorated 20% in group B (P = .009). Fibrosis decreased 25% in group A but increased 70% in group B (P = .0009). S-PIIINP decreased significantly in group A. Inflammation decreased in both groups, 34% in group A (P = .02), but only 10% in group B (P = NS). Serum liver enzymes decreased significantly in both treatment arms. Bilirubin values rose in group B but stayed stable in group A (A/B P = .002). A mild systemic glucocorticoid effect from budesonide was evident after 2 years. In conclusion, budesonide combined with UDCA improved liver histology, whereas the effect of UDCA alone was mainly on laboratory values. Studies with longer follow-up using a combination of budesonide and UDCA are warranted to confirm safety and effects. (HEPATOLOGY 2005.)
Quantum models of cognition as Orwellian newspeak
Authors: Michael D. Lee, Wolf Vanpaemel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Faced with probabilistic relationships between causes and effects, quantum theory assumes that deterministic causes do not exist, and that only incomplete probabilistic expressions of knowledge are possible. As in its application to physics, this fundamental epistemological stance severely limits the ability of quantum theory to provide insight and understanding in human cognition.
Over-the-Counter Sales of Statins and Other Drugs for Asymptomatic Conditions
Authors: Mary E. Tinetti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Two Food and Drug Administration advisory committees recently voted not to recommend approval of over-the-counter sales of lovastatin. This article reviews the rationale behind the committees' recommendations and discusses the risks and benefits of nonprescription sales of statins and other medications for asymptomatic conditions.
Theranostic Impact of NG2/CSPG4 Proteoglycan in Cancer
Authors: Pier Andrea Nicolosi, Alice Dallatomasina, Roberto Perris
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

NG2/CSPG4 is an unusual cell-membrane integral proteoglycan widely recognized to be a prognostic factor, a valuable tool for ex vivo and non-invasive molecular diagnostics and, by virtue of its tight association with malignancy, a tantalizing therapeutic target in several tumour types. Although the biology behind its involvement in cancer progression needs to be better understood, implementation of NG2/CSPG4 in the routine clinical practice is attainable and has the potential to contribute to an improved individualized management of cancer patients. In this context, its polymorphic nature seems to be particularly valuable in the effort to standardize informative diagnostic procedures and consolidate forcible immunotherapeutic treatment strategies. We discuss here the underpinnings for this potential and highlight the benefits of taking advantage of the intra-tumour and inter-patient variability in the regulation of NG2/CSPG4 expression. We envision that NG2/CSPG4 may effectively be exploited in therapeutic interventions aimed at averting resistance to target therapy agents and at interfering with secondary lesion formation and/or tumour recurrence.
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding in Severely Obese Adolescents
Authors: Paul E. O’Brien, Susan M. Sawyer, Cheryl Laurie, Wendy A. Brown, Stewart Skinner, Friederike Veit, Eldho Paul, Paul R. Burton, Melanie McGrice, Margaret Anderson, John B. Dixon
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Adolescent obesity is a common and serious health problem affecting more than 5 million young people in the United States alone. Bariatric surgery is being evaluated as a possible treatment option. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (gastric banding) has the potential to provide a safe and effective treatment.To compare the outcomes of gastric banding with an optimal lifestyle program on adolescent obesity.A prospective, randomized controlled trial of 50 adolescents between 14 and 18 years with a body mass index (BMI) higher than 35, recruited from the Melbourne, Australia, community, assigned either to a supervised lifestyle intervention or to undergo gastric banding, and followed up for 2 years. The study was performed between May 2005 and September 2008.Weight loss. Secondary outcomes included change in metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, quality of life, and adverse outcomes.Twenty-four of 25 patients in the gastric banding group and 18 of 25 in lifestyle group completed the study. Twenty-one (84%) in the gastric banding and 3 (12%) in the lifestyle groups lost more than 50% of excess weight, corrected for age. Overall, the mean changes in the gastric banding group were a weight loss of 34.6 kg (95% CI, 30.2-39.0), representing an excess weight loss of 78.8% (95% CI, 66.6%-91.0%), 12.7 BMI units (95% CI, 11.3-14.2), and a BMI z score change from 2.39 (95% CI, 2.05-2.73) to 1.32 (95% CI, 0.98-1.66). The mean losses in the lifestyle group were 3.0 kg (95% CI, 2.1-8.1), representing excess weight loss of 13.2% (95% CI, 2.6%-21.0%), 1.3 BMI units (95% CI, 0.4-2.9), and a BMI z score change from 2.41 (95% CI, 2.21-2.66) to 2.26 (95% CI, 1.91-2.43). At entry, 9 participants (36%) in the gastric banding group and 10 (40%) in the lifestyle group had the metabolic syndrome. At 24 months, none of the gastric banding group had the metabolic syndrome (P = .008; McNemar chi(2)) compared with 4 of the 18 completers (22%) in the lifestyle group (P = .13). The gastric banding group experienced improved quality of life with no perioperative adverse events. However, 8 operations (33%) were required in 7 patients for revisional procedures either for proximal pouch dilatation or tubing injury during follow-up.Among obese adolescent participants, use of gastric banding compared with lifestyle intervention resulted in a greater percentage achieving a loss of 50% of excess weight, corrected for age. There were associated benefits to health and quality of life.ANZCTR Identifier: 12605000160639.
An Untoward Reaction to Accidental Ingestion of LSD in a 5-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Doris H. Milman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A 5-year-old girl with an apparently normal premorbid personality and adjustment became acutely psychotic following a single accidental ingestion of 100μg of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), with agitation, panic, depression and flattening of affect, disorientation, feelings of depersonalization, distortion of body image, and depression of intellectual functioning. In addition she displayed evidences of organic brain dysfunction: impaired visual-motor and visual-perceptual functions, and abnormality of the electroencephalogram. Within days the most florid evidences of disturbance had disappeared but the thinking disorder, distortion of body image, and depression of intelligence quotient persisted for several months. At the end of five months the only residua were the abnormal EEG and disorganization of visual-motor functions. At the end of nine months only the visualmotor functions remained impaired.
Peterborough Hospital at Home Scheme
Authors: F. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1982)

impossible to make a distinction if an exan- thema due to /-lactam compounds is mediated by a "toxic" or an immunological mechanism.Therefore, once a rash occurs the best policy is to perform epicutaneous and intracutaneous tests for penicillin allergy, before subsequent administration of ampicillin or related drugs.In this way unexpected, unpleasant reactions may be avoided.