tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic importance of degree of differentiation and cyst rupture in stage I invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Ignace Vergote, Jos De Brabanter, Anthony Fyles, Kamma Bertelsen, Nina Einhorn, Paul Sevelda, Martin E Gore, Janne Kærn, Herman Verrelst, Kjerstin Sjövall, Dirk Timmerman, Joos Vandewalle, Marleen Van Gramberen, Claes G Tropé
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Dyssynchronous Heart Failure
Authors: Marc Vanderheyden, Jozef Bartunek
Journal: Circulation (2009)

C ardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been imple- mented as a novel "hemodynamic therapy" for advanced heart failure patients. 14][5] Favorable alterations of clinical outcome were consistent across multiple studies, and CRT has evolved into a Class I indication for such patients with broad QRS complex and severely depressed left ventricular function.
The challenge of overdiagnosis begins with its definition
Authors: S. M. Carter, W. Rogers, I. Heath, C. Degeling, J. Doust, A. Barratt
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Overdiagnosis means different things to different people. S M Carter and colleagues argue that we should use a broad term such as too much medicine for advocacy and develop precise, case by case definitions of overdiagnosis for research and clinical purposes
Strength training exercise for special population
Authors: K Prabhakaran Manilal
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Development of an appropriate strength training programme for different population is a complicated process. This programme design requires a solid understanding of the underlying scientific principles and should be based on a sound rationale. For an effective strength training programme design, it is very important to identify the specific variables that need to be controlled in order to better predict the training outcomes. The proper combination of these variables will determine the type of exercise stimulus presented to the body because presentation of appropriate exercise stress is very vital for optimum physiological adaptation. Strength training exercise prescription for children, women and elderly people need special attention, as it should cater the training goal and individual need.
Rescue! Therapy and the paradox of the Barcalounger
Authors: S.I. Rennard, P. Calverley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

A ship sinks at sea. The occupants are left floating in the ocean aided only by their life preservers and buoyant pieces of debris. Fortunately, a Coast-Guard cutter, attracted by an SOS sent from the sinking ship, arrives and saves the day. This is a rescue.

Asthma is characterised by episodes of acutely worsening airflow, secondary to bronchospasm. An asthmatic, when exposed to a trigger, may develop acute bronchospasm, together with frightening and sometimes life-threatening symptoms. Rapid-acting bronchodilators, administered in a timely way, can reverse the bronchospasm, thus saving the day. This is termed “rescue” in asthma therapy.

Acute episodes of asthma can be initiated by a variety of triggers ranging from cold air, cigarette smoke, dust, perfume and viral infections, to a variety of allergens including animal dander, insect and mite proteins, plant pollens and mould spores. An asthma attack can vary in severity, rate of onset and rate of resolution. Unexpected symptoms may be less dramatic and relatively mild and may commonly occur in some asthmatics. Unscheduled use of rapid-acting bronchodilators taken for acute symptom relief for all these various episodes is termed “rescue”.

This use of rescue treatment has several utilities. Reserving the term rescue for severe “attacks” would require a definition of attacks, a daunting prospect. The concept also has mechanistic validity. The airway in the asthmatic with baseline conditions has its “normal” luminal diameter and airway tone. In response to a stimulus, airway tone acutely increases while airflow acutely decreases. Therefore, when the …
Malnutrition-Inflammation Modifies the Relationship of Cholesterol with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Gabriel Contreras, Bo Hu, Brad C. Astor, Tom Greene, Thomas Erlinger, John W. Kusek, Michael Lipkowitz, Julia A. Lewis, Otelio S. Randall, Lee Hebert, Jackson T Wright, Cynthia A. Kendrick, Jennifer Gassman, George Bakris, Joel D. Kopple, Lawrence J. Appel
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

In moderate and severe CKD, the association of cholesterol with subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) is weak. We examined whether malnutrition or inflammation (M-I) modifies the risk relationship between cholesterol levels and CVD events in African Americans with hypertensive CKD and a GFR between 20 and 65 ml/min per 1.73 m². We stratified 990 participants by the presence or absence of M-I, defined as body mass index <23 kg/m² or C-reactive protein >10 mg/L at baseline. The primary composite outcome included cardiovascular death or first hospitalization for coronary artery disease, stroke, or congestive heart failure occurring during a median follow-up of 77 months. Baseline total cholesterol (212 ± 48 versus 212 ± 44 mg/dl) and overall incidence of the primary CVD outcome (19 versus 21%) were similar in participants with (n = 304) and without (n = 686) M-I. In adjusted analyses, the CVD composite outcome exhibited a significantly stronger relationship with total cholesterol for participants without M-I than for participants with M-I at baseline (P < 0.02). In the non-M-I group, the cholesterol-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CVD increased progressively across cholesterol levels: HR = 1.19 [95% CI; 0.77, 1.84] and 2.18 [1.43, 3.33] in participants with cholesterol 200 to 239 and ≥240 mg/dl, respectively (reference: cholesterol <200). In the M-I group, the corresponding HRs did not vary significantly by cholesterol level. In conclusion, the presence of M-I modifies the risk relationship between cholesterol level and CVD in African Americans with hypertensive CKD.
The Effect of Polymorphisms of the β<sub>2</sub>-Adrenergic Receptor on the Response to Regular Use of Albuterol in Asthma
Authors: ELLIOT ISRAEL, JEFFREY M. DRAZEN, STEPHEN B. LIGGETT, HOMER A. BOUSHEY, REUBEN M. CHERNIACK, VERNON M. CHINCHILLI, DAVID M. COOPER, JOHN V. FAHY, JAMES E. FISH, JEAN G. FORD, MONICA KRAFT, SUSAN KUNSELMAN, STEPHEN C. LAZARUS, ROBERT F. LEMANSKE, RICHARD J. MARTIN, DIANE E. McLEAN, STEPHEN P. PETERS, EDWIN K. SILVERMAN, CHRISTINE A. SORKNESS, STANLEY J. SZEFLER, SCOTT T. WEISS, CHANDRI N. YANDAVA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Inhaled β -adrenergic agonists are the most commonly used medications for the treatment of asthma although there is evidence that regular use may produce adverse effects in some patients. Polymorphisms of the β2-adrenergic receptor ( β2-AR) can affect regulation of the receptor. Smaller studies examining the effects of such polymorphisms on the response to β -agonist therapy have produced inconsistent results. We examined whether polymorphisms at codon 16 ( β2-AR-16) and codon 27 ( β2-AR-27) of the β2-AR might affect the response to regular versus as-needed use of albuterol by genotyping the 190 asthmatics who had participated in a trial examining the effects of regular versus as needed albuterol use. During the 16-wk treatment period there was a small decline in morning peak expiratory flow in patients homozygous for arginine at B2-AR-16 (Arg/Arg) who used albuterol regularly. This effect was magnified during a 4-wk run out period, during which all patients returned to using as-needed albuterol, so that by the end of the study Arg Arg patients who had regularly used albuterol had a morning peak expiratory flow 30. 5 ± 12.1 L/min lower (p = 0.012) than Arg/Arg patients who had used albuterol on an as needed basis. There was no decline in peak flow with regular use of albuterol in patients who were homozygous for glycine at β2-AR-16. Evening peak expiratory flow also declined in the Arg/Arg patients who used albuterol regularly but not in those who used albuterol on an as-needed basis. No significant differences in outcomes between regular and as-needed treatment were associated with polymorphisms at position 27 of the β2-AR. No other differences in asthma outcomes that we investigated occurred in relation to these β2-AR polymorphisms. Polymorphisms of the β2-AR may influence airway responses to regular inhaled β -agonist treatment.
Prediction of outcome after PEA in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension using indexed pulmonary artery diameter
Authors: B. E. Scholzel, M. C. Post, S. Dymarkowski, W. Wuyts, B. Meyns, W. Budts, W. Morshuis, R. J. Snijder, M. Delcroix
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality [1]. It occurs in 2–4% of patients after acute pulmonary embolism [2]. Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the treatment of choice to relieve pulmonary artery obstruction in patients with CTEPH and has been remarkably successful [3]. However, in 10–50% of patients PEA is not possible due to either distal pulmonary vascular obstruction that is surgically inaccessible or significant comorbidities thought to be associated with an unacceptably high risk [4]. Therefore, careful selection of operable candidates is paramount. A correlation between the main pulmonary artery (PA) diameter and pulmonary haemodynamic parameters before PEA have been described in CTEPH patients [5]. We evaluated whether preoperative PA diameter indices could predict the occurrence of mortality and clinical worsening after PEA.

A multidisciplinary panel including pulmonologists, radiologists, cardiologists, and cardiothoracic surgeons reviewed each case. Patients were considered suitable for surgery when they were symptomatic, had an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (>250 dyn·s·cm−5), segmental or more proximal lesions and no severe comorbidity. Before surgery all patients underwent standardised work-up as described earlier [4]. The study was approved by the local ethical committees of University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven and St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein.

According to the study by Heinrich et al. [5], the widest diameters of the ascending aorta (Ao) and the widest diameter of the main PA perpendicular to its long axis were …
Cardiac β-Adrenoceptor Desensitization Due to Increased β-Adrenoceptor Kinase Activity in Chronic Uremia
Authors: Kirsten Leineweber, Ingrid Heinroth-Hoffmann, Klaus Po[Combining Diaeresis]nicke, Getu Abraham, Bernd Osten, Otto-Erich Brodde
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

Patients with chronic renal failure develop an autonomic dysfunction with impaired baroreflex control and attenuated cardiovascular beta-adrenoceptor response to noradrenaline. In rats that underwent 5/6-nephrectomy (SNX), cardiac beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness was reduced as well. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further investigate the mechanism underlying cardiac beta-adrenoceptor desensitization in SNX rats. For this purpose, right and left ventricular beta-adrenoceptor density, activity of the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase, and activity and density of the neuronal noradrenaline transporter (uptake1) were assessed in SNX rats. Seven weeks after SNX, rats had developed left heart hypertrophy. Plasma creatinine, urea, and noradrenaline levels were significantly increased; left and right ventricular noradrenaline content was significantly decreased when compared with sham-operated control rats. In these SNX rats, left, but not right, ventricular beta-adrenoceptor density was significantly reduced, and membrane-associated G-protein-coupled receptor kinase activity was significantly increased compared with sham-operated rats. Although right and left ventricular activity of uptake1 was unchanged, the neuronal noradrenaline transporter density was significantly reduced in both ventricles of SNX versus sham-operated rats. An increase in left ventricular G-protein-coupled receptor kinase activity, possibly triggered by enhanced cardiac noradrenaline release, might be responsible for the decrease in left ventricular beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness in SNX rats.
Immunohistochemical detection of P-glycoprotein: prognostic correlation in soft tissue sarcoma of childhood.
Authors: H S Chan, P S Thorner, G Haddad, V Ling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1990)

Increased expression of P-glycoprotein is associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) in many cell lines. Significant levels of P-glycoprotein have been detected in a number of human tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether P-glycoprotein expression correlates with both response to chemotherapy and prognosis in soft tissue sarcoma of childhood. In a retrospective study, biopsy samples from 30 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and undifferentiated sarcoma (US) treated at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto were analyzed using a semiquantitative immunohistochemical procedure. P-glycoprotein was detected in nine patients, four at diagnosis, and five at subsequent biopsy. All nine patients relapsed after a clinical response (complete [CR] 55%, partial [PR] 45%) to chemotherapy. Twenty of 21 patients with consistently P-glycoprotein-negative tumors received chemotherapy and they all responded clinically (CR 80%, PR 20%). Only one of these 20 patients has relapsed. The probability of relapse-free survival was significantly different (P less than .000000012) in chemotherapy-treated patients whose tumors contained detectable levels of P-glycoprotein (n = 9), compared with those whose tumors contained no detectable P-glycoprotein (n = 20). The overall probability of survival was also significantly different in these two groups (P less than .0000267). Both relapse-free and overall survivals remained statistically different in the two groups of patients when analyzed by the log-rank method, after adjustment for differences in stages and sites. The incidence of other adverse prognostic factors in the two groups, for example, younger and older ages, low pretreatment lymphocyte counts, large tumors, and unfavorable histology were not significantly different. Thus, detectable P-glycoprotein appears to be an important adverse prognostic factor in children with soft tissue sarcoma, and consistent absence of the protein is associated with a favorable prognosis.
Underutilization of Breast-Conserving Surgery and Radiation Therapy Among Women With Stage I or II Breast Cancer
Authors: De Ann Lazovich, Emily White, David B. Thomas, Roger E. Moe
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To identify time trends and factors associated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and delivery of postoperative radiation therapy among women with stage I or II breast cancer.Survey.Population-based cancer registry in the Seattle-Puget Sound (Wash) region.The study included 8095 women diagnosed with stage I or II breast cancer (American Joint Committee on Cancer staging criteria) from 1983 through 1989.Breast-conserving surgery with or without radiation therapy vs mastectomy, and, among women with BCS, a comparison of radiation therapy vs no therapy.In 1985 when results from a US randomized clinical trial of BCS were published, the frequency of BCS peaked (46.3% of stage I; 30.1% of stage II) followed by a return to levels before 1985 for women with stage II breast cancer and a more moderate decline for stage I breast cancer. The likelihood of BCS decreased with increasing age (P less than .001), with stage II disease, and with residence outside the region's major urban center, and it increased with education (P less than .001) or median income (P less than .001) by census tract. The proportion of women who received radiation therapy after BCS decreased with age (P less than .001), was lower for women with stage II than stage I disease, and was lowest in counties without radiation therapy facilities.Despite scientific evidence of the equivalent efficacy of BCS with radiation therapy and mastectomy, BCS is not performed on the majority of women with stage I or II breast cancer as recommended by the National Institutes of Health, and factors are associated with its use that differ from selection criteria outlined by the National Institutes of Health.
Guidelines for the prevention of invasive mould diseases caused by filamentous fungi by the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC)
Authors: I. Ruiz-Camps, J.M. Aguado, B. Almirante, E. Bouza, C.F. Ferrer-Barbera, O. Len, L. Lopez-Cerero, J.L. Rodríguez-Tudela, M. Ruiz, A. Solé, C. Vallejo, L. Vazquez, R. Zaragoza, M. Cuenca-Estrella
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Clinical Breast and Pelvic Examination Requirements for Hormonal Contraception
Authors: Felicia H. Stewart, Cynthia C. Harper, Charlotte E. Ellertson, David A. Grimes, George F. Sawaya, James Trussell
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Clinical breast and pelvic examinations are commonly accepted practices prior to provision of hormonal contraception. Such examinations, however, may reduce access to highly effective contraceptive methods, and may therefore increase women's overall health risks. These unnecessary requirements also involve ethical considerations and unwittingly reinforce the widely held but incorrect perception that hormonal contraceptive methods are dangerous. This article reviews and summarizes the relevant medical literature and policy statements from major organizations active in the field of contraception. Consensus developed during the last decade supports a change in practice: hormonal contraception can safely be provided based on careful review of medical history and blood pressure measurement. For most women, no further evaluation is necessary. Pelvic and breast examinations and screening for cervical neoplasia and sexually transmitted infection, while important in their own right, do not provide information necessary for identifying women who should avoid hormonal contraceptives or who need further evaluation before making a decision about their use.
Molecularly Engineered Self‐Assembling Membranes for Cell‐Mediated Degradation
Authors: Daniela S. Ferreira, Yi‐An Lin, Honggang Cui, Jeffrey A. Hubbell, Rui L. Reis, Helena S. Azevedo
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

The use of peptide engineering to develop self‐assembling membranes that are responsive to cellular enzyme activities is reported. The membranes are obtained by combining hyaluronan (HA) and a rationally designed peptide amphiphile (PA) containing a proteolytic domain (GPQGIWGQ octapeptide) sensitive to matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1). Insertion of an octapeptide in a typical PA structure does not disturb its self‐assembly into fibrillar nanostructures neither the ability to form membranes with HA. In vitro enzymatic degradation with hyaluronidase and MMP‐1 shows that membranes containing the MMP‐1 substrate exhibit enhanced enzymatic degradation, compared with control membranes (absence of MMP‐1 cleavable peptide or containing a MMP‐1 insensitive sequence), being completely degraded after 7 days. Cell viability and proliferation is minimally affected by the enzymatically cleavable functionality of the membrane, but the presence of MMP‐1 cleavable sequence does stimulate the secretion of MMP‐1 by fibroblasts and interfere with matrix deposition, particularly the deposition of collagen. By showing cell‐responsiveness to biochemical signals presented on self‐assembling membranes, this study highlights the ability of modulating certain cellular activities through matrix engineering. This concept can be further explored to understand the cellular remodeling process and as a strategy to develop artificial matrices with more biomimetic degradation for tissue engineering applications.
A monoclonal antibody to a constant determinant of the rat T cell antigen receptor that induces T cell activation. Differential reactivity with subsets of immature and mature T lymphocytes.
Authors: T Hünig, H J Wallny, J K Hartley, A Lawetzky, G Tiefenthaler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

mAb R73 detects a T cell-specific surface molecule consisting of two disulfide-linked subunits of 40 and 46 kD, respectively, on 97% of peripheral rat T cells, as defined by the OX-52 marker. Of the few OX-52+ R73- cells, none are CD4+ but many express the CD8 antigen known to be present on rat NK cells. mAb R73 is mitogenic for unseparated spleen cells and for purified T cells. In the absence of non-T "accessory cells", stimulation by R73 requires artificial crosslinking of the mAb and is largely dependent on exogenous IL-2. Overnight incubation of purified T cells with crosslinked R73 mAb induces blastoid transformation, IL-2-R expression, and modulation of the R73 antigen. In the rat thymus, mature medullary cells express the R73 determinant at the same level as peripheral T cells, whereas 94% of CD4-CD8- thymocytes are R73-. The major CD4+8+ thymocyte population contains 25% R73- and 70% R73low cells. Thymocytes of the CD4-CD8+OX-44- subpopulation that are the direct precursors of CD4+CD8+ cells display a continuum of R73 antigen density from undetectable to very low levels. We conclude that R73 is most likely directed at a constant determinant of the rat alpha/beta heterodimeric TCR and suggest that CD8+ immature thymocytes are the first cells in the T cell differentiation pathway to express this molecule at their surface.
Male Sterility in the Domestic Fowl (&lt;italic&gt;Gallus domesticus&lt;/italic&gt;) After 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitroso-&lt;italic&gt;trans&lt;/italic&gt;-urea (NSC-95441) Treatment of Chicks
Authors: A. Zimber, K. Perk
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1978)

Of 11 male baby chicks treated twice with 3 mg of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitroso-trans-urea (once on the day of hatching and once on the day after), 9 showed absolute lack of spermatogenesis and 2 showed severe inhibition when examined at the age of 6 months. Plasma testosterone level was not altered, however, and histologic examination revealed well-organized testicular interstitial tissue with an abundance of Leydig's cells. In the lining of the seminiferous tubules only Sertoli's cells were present. The weight of the testes from treated animals was only about 10% of control weight. These findings emphasized the possibility that the nitrosoureas cause severe damage to the reproductive system in man.