tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The solitary pulmonary nodule.
Authors: D. M. Geddes, M. Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1989)

refusers confirmed earlier findings that problems with social relationships persist and that psychiatric referrals are common when they are adults.25Such studies, however, predate the current use of family therapy, and research is now called for on the effectiveness of this treatment.School refusal therefore remains a challenge, perhaps comparable to an unexplained fever.Though it may resolve spontaneously, it may have serious implications justifying prompt referral and a full investigation with the participation of not only the whole family but also the school and educational authorities.
The Out-of-Circuit Rectum in Ulcerative Colitis: The Bumpy Road Less Traveled
Authors: Walter E. Longo
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Health Care for Immigrants — Implications of Obama's Executive Action
Authors: Benjamin D. Sommers, Wendy E. Parmet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Interview with Dr. Benjamin Sommers on the potential effects on the health care system of President Barack Obama’s executive action on immigration. (09:52)Download President Obama has announced his intention to grant millions of undocumented immigrants a reprieve from the threat of deportation, along with the possibility of legal employment. If the plan is implemented, it could have substantial effects on the health care system.
SELECTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION STRATEGY BASED ON ATRIAL STRUCTURAL REMODELING: A LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT-MRI BASED MODEL
Authors: Gaston R. Vergara, Nazem W. Akoum, Nathan Burgon, Troy Badger, Joya A. Ganguly, Kamran Rizvi, Alexies Ramirez, Thomas Haslam, Marcos Daccarett, Chris McGann, Rob MacLeod, Nassir Marrouche
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Hepatitis C virus dynamics during induction with high PEG-IFN doses and ribavirin compared with low PEG-IFN doses plus ribavirin in naive patients with chronic hepatitis C, genotype 1
Authors: J.F. Sánchez-Avila, M. Buti, Y. Lurie, M. Martell, R. Esteban, J. Guardia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Incidence of Adverse Events Associated With Use of Perflutren Contrast Agents for Echocardiography
Authors: Charles A. Herzog
Journal: JAMA (2008)

dividual presented in our Grand Rounds, the upper limit of normal for pulmonary artery systolic pressure, assuming an estimated right atrial pressure of 5 mm Hg, is approximately 30 mm Hg, given his age (younger than 49 years) and body mass index (less than 25 [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared]). 1 In groups of individuals who are relatively young and nonobese, an upper limit of normal of 30 mm Hg for pulmonary artery systolic pressure (assuming a right atrial pressure of 5 mm Hg) is not too conservative.For example, in our cohort of patients with sickle cell disease followed up at the National Institutes of Health, the median age was 34 years and body mass index was 24.Similarly, in our group of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection followed up at the University of California San Francisco, the median age was 47 years and body mass index was 24.Finally, in a study of patients with sickle cell disease, a tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity of 2.5 m/s or greater (which corresponds to a pulmonary artery systolic pressure of approximately 30 mm Hg) was strongly associated with an increased risk of death (rate ratio, 10.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-47.0;P Ͻ.001). 2 Therefore, in individuals with sickle cell disease, we believe that a pulmonary artery systolic pressure greater than 30 mm Hg should be considered abnormal.
Remarks on the Operative Treatment of Various Internal Derangements of the Knee-Joint: Read before the South-Eastern Branch of the British Medical Association
Authors: W. J. Walsham
Journal: BMJ (1899)

I HAVE chosen this subject because the derangements of the knee-joint to which I am about to refer are, comparatively speaking, common, and are therefore conditions with which, whether we devote ourselves to surgery or to general practice, we are constantly brought in contact.These derangements may be classed as: (i) Loose bodies;(2) detachment or displacement of the semilunar cartilages;
Assisted discharge for patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: safe and effective
Authors: J KILLEN
Journal: Thorax (2000)

Dry eye disease (DED) is a distressing ocular condition. Due to its multifactorial nature, clinical and biological signs of DED can be inconsistent and sometimes discordant with symptomatology. Consequently, no gold-standard model for determining DED severity exists. This can impact treatment decisions and complicate evaluation of disease progression, particularly within the stringent context of clinical trials. The multinational ODISSEY European Consensus Group is comprised of ophthalmologists who contend with ocular surface disease issues on a daily basis. This group convened to establish a clear and practical algorithm for evaluation and diagnosis of severe DED. Using a consensus-based approach, they assessed 14 commonly used DED severity criteria. The panel agreed that following confirmed DED diagnosis, just two criteria, symptom-based assessment and corneal fluorescein staining were sufficient to diagnose the presence of severe DED in the majority of patients. In the event of discordance between signs and symptoms, further evaluation using additional determinant criteria was recommended. This report presents the ODISSEY European Consensus Group recommended algorithm for DED evaluation, which facilitates diagnosis of severe disease even in the event of discordance between signs and symptoms. It is intended that this algorithm will be useful in a clinical and developmental setting.
The Impact of Repeated Subclinical Acute Rejection on the Progression of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy
Authors: Seiichirou Shishido, Hiroshi Asanuma, Hideo Nakai, Yoshiaki Mori, Hiroyuki Satoh, Isamu Kamimaki, Hiroshi Hataya, Masahiro Ikeda, Masataka Honda, Akira Hasegawa
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is due to both immunologic and non-immunologic factors and results in the development of nonspecific pathologic features that may even be present in long-term well-functioning renal allografts. To investigate the natural history of CAN and potential risk factors associated with progression of these histologic lesions, this study evaluated the of histologic alterations of 124 sequential protocol biopsies performed at 2, 3, and 5 yr after transplantation in 46 patients who exhibited histologic evidence of CAN in the 1-yr biopsy. The occurrence of late acute rejection (AR) greater than 4 mo posttransplant was significantly associated with the development of histologic CAN. In contrast, early clinical AR occurring within 3 mo had no impact on the subsequent development of CAN at 1 yr. Subclinical AR was evident in association with CAN in 50%, 32%, 19%, and 16% of cases with CAN at 1, 2, 3, and 5 yr, respectively. These acute lesions correlated significantly with histologic progression defined as an increased CADI score of the follow-up biopsies. Furthermore, a group of patients who exhibited repeated subclinical AR in the sequential follow-up biopsies had a lower creatinine clearance at 5 yr after transplantation and worse long-term graft survival. In contrast, the absence of evidence of acute inflammation in association with CAN at any time point was associated with minimal deterioration in renal function or progression of renal lesions during the observation period. These results suggest that the persistence of chronic active inflammation may be responsible for the histologic progression of CAN.
Reframing the Debate on Health Care Reform by Replacing Our Metaphors
Authors: G J Annas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Metaphors matter, as our sterile debate on the fi-nancing of health insurance demonstrates so well. In that debate the traditional metaphor of American medicine, the military metaphor, was displaced by the market metaphor in public discourse. Metaphors, which entice us to understand and experience “one kind of thing in terms of another . . . play a central role in the construction of social and political reality.”1 The market metaphor proved virtually irresistible in the public arena and led Congress to defer to market forces to “reform” the financing of health insurance in the United States.We live in a . . .
Waiting times fall, but hospitals are still dirty, survey of patients shows
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Patients in England are not waiting as long as they used to for emergency treatment and outpatient appointments, say two major surveys carried out by an independent healthcare watchdog.

However, patients are still unhappy about the standards of cleanliness in hospitals and would also like more information about their treatment and possible side effects of drugs they have been prescribed.

The surveys, conducted by the Healthcare Commission, were carried out in all 153 acute …
Trichloroacetic acid effects on rat liver peroxisomes and enzyme-altered foci.
Authors: M J Parnell, L D Koller, J H Exon, J M Arnzen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The initiating and promoting effects of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were investigated using a rat hepatic enzyme-altered foci bioassay. The experimental protocol used has been shown to induce gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-positive foci in hepatic tissue following an initiating dose with a genotoxic carcinogen. Twenty-four hours following 2/3 partial hepatectomy, rats received either a single oral dose (1500 mg/kg) or 5000 ppm TCA in drinking water for 10, 20, or 30 days. Two weeks after the end of TCA exposure, the rats were promoted for 3 or 6 months with 500 ppm phenobarbital in drinking water. TCA failed to induce GGT-positive foci using this initiation protocol. In addition, groups of 2/3 partially hepatectomized rats were initiated with a single oral dose of diethylnitrosamine (10 mg/kg) and then administered 50, 500, or 5000 ppm TCA drinking water. In this promotion protocol, TCA exposure resulted in a significant increase in the number of GGT-positive foci. The ability of TCA to stimulate peroxisomal-dependent palmitoyl-coenzyme A oxidation was also investigated. Only the 5000 ppm TCA treatment within the promotion protocol resulted in a significant, although minor, stimulation of peroxisomal enzyme activity. The findings support the hypothesis that TCA may possess weak promoting activity in the rat liver.
REPORT OF FOUR CASES OF SYPHILIS MISTAKEN FOR SMALLPOX, WITH REMARKS ON THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THESE TWO DISEASES.
Authors: JAY F. SCHAMBERG
Journal: JAMA (1902)

píete anesthesia.Treatment by extension, counter and lateral extension was kept up until Feb. 12, 1902.Result: three- fourths inch shortening.Almost able to walk without crutch or other aid.Will have good use of the limb.
Inhibition of Normal Murine Hematopoiesis by Leukemic Cells
Authors: Peter J. Quesenberry, Joel M. Rappeport, Anna Fountebuoni, Richard Sullivan, Kenneth Zuckerman, Marie Ryan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Inhibition of normal mouse hemopoietic stem cells by leukemic cells (C1498) was observed with use of in vitro agar and in vivo diffusion-chamber cultures. The C1498 cells were unresponsive to colony-stimulating activity, and, above a critical threshold, they inhibited normal granulocyte progenitors in agar culture. C1498 cells added to normal marrow in diffusion chambers progressively reduced granulocyte progenitors. The larger, more rapidly growing, C1498 cells showed the most inhibitory effect. Transmembrane culture of C1498 cells adjacent to normal marrow in double diffusion chambers for five to 14 days led to reduction of recovery of granulocyte progenitors (72 +/- 7 per cent of control) and pluripotent stem cells (45 +/- 7 per cent of control) from the normal marrow chambers. These results indicate that leukemic mouse cells inhibit normal mouse-marrow stem cells by releasing a diffusible substance, and this inhibition occurs primarily at the level of the pluripotent stem cell.
Dipyridamole inhibits human peritoneal mesothelial cell proliferation in vitro and attenuates rat peritoneal fibrosis in vivo
Authors: Kuan-Yu Hung, Ren-Shi Shyu, Cheng-Chung Fang, Chien-Chen Tsai, Po-Huang Lee, Tun-Jun Tsai, Bor-Shen Hsieh
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Towards a true prevalence of peptic ulcer: the Sorreisa gastrointestinal disorder study.
Authors: B Bernersen, R Johnsen, B Straume, P G Burhol, T G Jenssen, P A Stakkevold
Journal: Gut (1990)

This study, designed to overcome methodological problems inherent in earlier prevalence studies of peptic ulcer, was carried out in a municipality in northern Norway. It included the total population of 2027, aged 20-69 years, and comprised a questionnaire and search for previously diagnosed peptic ulcers in the local medical records for all subjects, and additional endoscopy of all subjects with dyspepsia and their matched healthy controls (n = 619). The overall prevalence was 10.5% in men and 9.5% in women, a sex ratio close to one and a higher duodenal:gastric ratio than previously reported from this region. A substantial 1% prevalence of asymptomatic ulcers was also observed.
GW25-e1471 Aquired Long QT Syndrome May Contribute to the All Cause Mortality in Hospitalized Patients-A Pilot Study
Authors: Yu Haixu, Liu Jinqiu, Liu Ying, Zhang Yanli, Xu Fei, Zhou Yu, Li Pinrui, Gou Cheng, Guan Xumin, Wang Binhao, Khalid Bin Waleed, Yang Yanzong, Zhang Li, Xia Yunlong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Men with Klinefelter Syndrome: A Cohort Study
Authors: Anthony J. Swerdlow, Minouk J. Schoemaker, Craig D. Higgins, Alan F. Wright, Patricia A. Jacobs
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Background: Men with Klinefelter syndrome have one or more extra X chromosomes and have endocrine abnormalities. Case reports have led to suggestions that men with Klinefelter syndrome have elevated risks of several cancers, but published cohort studies have been relatively small. We conducted a nationwide cohort study to examine these risks. Methods: We followed a cohort of 3518 men who had been cytogenetically diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome in Britain from 1959 through 2002 and compared their cancer incidence and mortality with that of men in the national population. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all cancers was 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0 to 1.4). Compared with the general population, men with Klinefelter syndrome had higher mortality from lung cancer (SMR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.0), breast cancer (SMR = 57.8, 95% CI = 18.8 to 135.0), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SMR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.6 to 6.6) and lower mortality from prostate cancer (SMR = 0, 95% CI = 0 to 0.7). The standardized mortality ratios were particularly high for breast cancer among men with 47,XXY mosaicism (SMR = 222.8, 95% CI = 45.9 to 651.0) and for non-Hodgkin lymphoma among men with a 48,XXYY constitution (SMR = 36.7, 95% CI = 4.4 to 132.5). The cancer incidence data corroborated these associations. Conclusions: These results support a hormonal etiology for breast cancer in men and for prostate cancer and suggest that men with Klinefelter syndrome may be at substantially elevated risks for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, breast cancer, and, perhaps, lung cancer.
Lithium Treatment of Manic-Depressive Illness
Authors: Mogens Schou
Journal: JAMA (1988)

EVEN though the title of this article refers to the past of lithium treatment, I shall spare the reader a lengthy account of its history and instead concentrate more on the situation today and the tasks for tomorrow. <h3>PAST: EFFICACY</h3> It is, however, only appropriate that I mention here the two clinical psychiatrists who have been key figures in the development of lithium treatment: John Cade, MD,<sup>1</sup>who in the late 1940s gave lithium to psychiatric patients and discovered its antimanic action, and Poul Christian Baastrup, MD,<sup>2,3</sup>who saw and participated in the documentation of its relapse-preventive or prophylactic action against not only manic but also depressive recurrences. Cade and Baastrup were conscientious clinicians who knew their patients well and who had keen observational powers (Figure). Lithium treatment has gone through a number of developmental phases and crises. They dealt with whether it worked at all or merely
[617] H63D MUTATION IN HFE GENE: ANOTHER INDEPENDENT FACTOR OF SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C INFECTION (HCV)?
Authors: M. Carneiro, F. Souza, A. Teixeira, L. Ramalho, S. Zucoloto, M. Secaf, F. Carneiro, A. Passes, M. Villanova, I. Figueiredo, A. Martinelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Prenatal testosterone exposure, left-handedness, and high school delinquency
Authors: Stanley Coren
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Prenatal exposure to high levels of testosterone may lead to increased probability of left-handedness. Extrapolating from arguments by Mazur &amp; Booth leads to a prediction of increased incidence of antisocial behavior among left-handers. Six hundred ninety-four males were tested for seven indicators of delinquency in high school. Left-handers were more likely to display such behaviors, providing indirect evidence for the hypothesized behavioral effects of testosterone.
Young Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: MARY LORETTA ROSENLUND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Cystic fibrosis has always been considered a children's disease. Because early diagnosis and vigorous treatment have prolonged their survival, several thousand cystic fibrosis patients have now entered young adulthood. They are now faced with medical problems that have been traditionally a part of internal medicine, not pediatrics. They are also faced with the prospect of independent functioning, something for which most of these patients have not been prepared. The experiences at one Cystic Fibrosis Center are discussed, along with some of the new management problems that practitioners of adult medicine will be facing when they take over the care of these patients and their families.
Evidence of normal functional levels of activated protein C inhibitor in combined Factor V/VIII deficiency disease.
Authors: W M Canfield, W Kisiel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Human activated protein C (APC) is a plasma serine protease that possesses amidolytic and anticoagulant activity. The rate at which the amidolytic and anticoagulant activity of APC was neutralized in normal plasma was essentially identical to that observed in plasma obtained from four individuals with combined Factor V/VIII deficiency disease. Incubation of radioiodinated APC with either normal human plasma or the combined Factor V/VIII-deficient plasmas resulted in the formation of a stable complex (Mr = 96,000) of the enzyme and a plasma protein as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Pretreatment of the radiolabeled APC with diisopropyl fluorophosphate prevented the formation of the enzyme-protein complex. On the basis of its ability to form a complex with radiolabeled APC, the APC-binding protein was purified to homogeneity from normal human plasma by ammonium sulfate fractionation, heparin-agarose chromatography, and QAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography. The APC-binding protein (Mr = 54,000) is a glycoprotein, and possesses an amino-terminal sequence of Gly-Arg-Thr-Cys-Pro-Lys-Pro-Asp. The amino-terminal sequence of the APC-binding protein exhibited considerable homology with bovine colostrum inhibitor and pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, but no apparent sequence homology with the plasma serine protease inhibitors. Affinity-purified antibody against APC-binding protein immunoprecipitated a complex of radiolabeled APC and native APC-binding protein from normal human plasma. Complex formation was virtually eliminated in plasma immunodepleted of the APC-binding protein. Quantitative electroimmunoassay indicated essentially equal levels of APC-binding protein antigen in normal plasma compared with plasma from four patients with combined Factor V/VIII deficiency disease.
Can you trust your clinical guidelines?
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2013)

In the 2500 or so years since Hippocrates and his followers penned the first medical guidelines, things have come a long way."Do no harm" is a reasonable starting point, but a physician treating just about any disease imaginable could do with, and indeed can now call on, a little more help than that.And so guidelines are rightly ubiquitous.The collating of research, sharing of experience and dissemination of best practice are critical to ensuring that all physicians are treating patients in a way that is supported by and endorsed by the best evidence available.Given that clinical guidelines are meant to form the basis of practice for all physicians, we should also ensure that they are unambiguously of the highest quality possible, and various bodies and organisations go to great lengths to ensure it.However, this week Jeanne Lenzer's feature looks at a reality that finds this is not always the case (doi:10.1136/bmj.f3830).In particular her article focuses on conflicting interests-something that has long been a problem.Frequent calls have been made for the authors of guidelines to be free of competing interests, after several high profile cases in which guidelines were potentially distorted by the possible gains on offer to some of their creators.Although the relationship of doctor and industry can be complex and indeed sometimes beneficial to patients, it does not seem overly fanciful to hope that guidelines for best practice, that all doctors look to, should be as free from competing interests as possible.And yet, repeatedly, they are not.And sometimes conflicts are not even declared.The point of the article is not to vilify individuals, who often give huge amounts of time and effort to writing guidelines, or indeed to undermine the important role that guidelines can play.However, there is a line of trust from patient to physician, and physician to expert.If either part of the line is damaged by perceived or actual conflicting priorities, we are unnecessarily putting patients at risk.