tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Residual Gastric Volume and Risk of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia—Reply
Authors: Jean Reignier, Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Softwhere: Health Care
Authors: Robert Hogan
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Sooner or later, computer users are united in a final common pathway: the search for good software. An outstanding program can rescue a mediocre piece of hardware from the scrap heap; an uninspired package (or, worse yet, the absence of sufficient software altogether) can destroy the utility of the most sophisticated home, personal, or office computer. Where does one look for medical software? The local computer store salesperson is likely to offer hightech platitudes at the mention of "medical software" ("Oh, yes, it's under development"). The general-interest microcomputer magazines have little to offer, and even the massive hardware-specific catalogues have thin medical sections at best. I breathed a small sigh of relief at the initial release of<i>Softwhere: Health Care</i>. The publication of a much larger second edition is cause for a somewhat larger sigh. The strengths of the work are substantial. Many hundreds of programs are listed in a
Increased Concentration of 99mTc-Methylene Diphosphonate and 67Ga-Citrate in Extracranial Bone Metastases from Pinealoma
Authors: NORIHISA TONAMI, HIKARU SETO, TOSHIO MAEDA, KINICHI HISADA, KAZUHIKO INOUE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

A rare case of extracranial bone metastases from pinealoma is reported. 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate and 67Ga-citrate scans were of great clinical value in confirming the presence of bone metastases. Bone lesions were positively delineated by both radionuclides, but the concentration of 67Ga-citrate was more extensive than that of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate.
Sleep related hypoxaemia in hypertensive and normotensive men.
Authors: I C Gleadhill, E E McCrum, C C Patterson, G D Johnston, A Evans, J MacMahon
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--An association between hypertension and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been found by some researchers but remains controversial. Since such an association would have important implications for the investigation and management of hypertension, the rate of nocturnal hypoxaemic episodes has been compared in hypertensive and normotensive men. METHODS--The study was carried out in the community in Belfast and its environs. Thirty four men with mild to moderate hypertension aged 40-64 years were identified from general practice and a hypertension clinic. Normotensive men, matched for age and body mass index, were selected from a community survey. Subjects answered a sleep questionnaire and underwent overnight pulse oximetry at home. Computer analysis of the results gave the number and magnitude of dips in oxygen saturation (SaO2 dips, 4% or greater). RESULTS--The median number of SaO2 dips/hour for hypertensives was 2.0, and for normotensives was 0.8. Lowest SaO2 and mean SaO2 levels were significantly lower in the hypertensive group. Only one subject had a rate of SaO2 dips/hour greater than five and symptoms suggestive of OSA. CONCLUSIONS--Both hypertensive and normotensive men had relatively few episodes of nocturnal hypoxaemia. The small increase in the rate of SaO2 dips in hypertensive subjects has not yet been fully explained. These results imply that OSA is not common in hypertensive subjects and is unlikely to be an important cause of hypertension.
Poor providers of social care will be put into special measures and closed down if necessary
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Providers of social care in England will face tough new sanctions in which those that consistently fail to provide good quality care or that don’t treat vulnerable patients with dignity and respect will be put into special measures and ultimately risk being closed down, the health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, has said.

The announcement came alongside evidence that a scheme of special measures introduced in 11 failing hospitals in the wake of the scandal at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust has triggered “transformational improvements in services.”1

The Care Quality Commission will introduce a new inspection and ratings regime for the 25 000 care home and home care services in England from October, which will be designed to “shine a light on poor care to drive up standards.” The system will look …
Expert Witness for Whom?
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Expert witness for the prosecution? Expert witness for the defense? Expert witness for the court? How about unbiased expert witness for the truth? Elsewhere in this issue, Goldsmith<sup>1,2</sup>describes in two MEDICAL NEWS stories the evolving opinion pertaining to the practice of being an expert witness, with particular emphasis on forensic psychiatry, morality, ethics, and law. As the litigious elements of our society have flourished, some components have grown relatively unnoticed. Among these have been the so-called friction costs attendant to litigation before and during a trial. One such by-product has been a burgeoning medical expert consultant and witness business. Our legal adversary system flourishes both as a tradition and as an expression of the aggressive nature of our society. In contrast to some other societies, advocates here have both the opportunity and responsibility of presenting the best possible case for their side, often using expert consultation and witnesses.
Government faces pressure to tackle obesity
Authors: A. Elliott
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Ministers are under pressure from leading scientists and nutrition experts to take urgent action on childhood obesity.

Reports from the Food Standards Agency and the Medical Research Council this week warned that government action was needed to avert a “looming obesity epidemic.”

The food industry watchdog set out a range of radical options for ministers, including a levy on advertisements aimed at children, in a document on promoting foods to children.

Health warnings on foods high in fat, salt, and sugar and an end to ministerial endorsement …
Evidence for compromised aldosterone synthase enzyme activity in preeclampsia
Authors: Kushiar Shojaati, Maja Causevic, Bert Kadereit, Bernhard Dick, Jeanine Imobersteg, Henning Schneider, Ernst Beinder, Maki Kashiwagi, Brigitte M. Frey, Felix J. Frey, Markus G. Mohaupt
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Monilia Infection of the Gastrointestinal Tract.
Authors: Philip Eras
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Monilia Infection of the Gastrointestinal Tract.Philip Eras, M.D., Michael J. Goldstein, M.D., F.A.C.P., Paul Sherlock, M.D., F.A.C.P.Philip Eras, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Michael J. Goldstein, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Paul Sherlock, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1067_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe incidence, extent, and severity of fungal infection of the gastrointestinal tract were investigated, and the symptoms and complications of such infection are described.Autopsy protocols at Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases for the years 1960 to 1964, inclusive, were reviewed for evidence of histologically proved fungal involvement of the gastrointestinal tract. One hundred six cases ofCandida albicansin the gastrointestinal tract were found. Of these, 72 patients had either leukemia or lymphoma, and the remainder had a variety of other malignant neoplasms. Approximately 10% of all patients with Hodgkin's disease, reticulum cell sarcoma, and the leukemias... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1067-1067KeywordsAutopsyCandidaCandida albicansFungal diseasesGastrointestinal infectionsGastrointestinal tractHodgkin lymphomaLymphocytic leukemiaLymphomaSarcoma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Lengthened survival raises problems in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Joan Arehart-Treichel
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Although the increase in life span to an average of 24 years, thanks to improved therapy for lung infections, better nutritional management, symptomatic therapy, psychological-sociological support, and other clinical and research advances, has greatly benefited patients with cystic fibrosis and their families, it has also raised a new set of psychological and sociological problems for them. For example, youngsters with cystic fibrosis often no longer look sickly, but they frequently are still socially handicapped by delayed physical development, chronic cough, and other symptoms of their disease. Teenagers with cystic fibrosis tend to take one of two approaches to life. One is to live for today and forget about training to work as an adult. The other is to prepare for an adult career, with the strong possibility that by the time they are ready to launch it, they will be too sick to work. What's more, those young adults with
323. In Vivo Regulation of rAAV-Mediated GDNF Expression in the Rat Striatum
Authors: Corinna Burger, Emily Piercefield, Layla Sullivan, Ronald Mandel, Nicholas Muyczka
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

A number of tetracycline-regulated systems constructed in rAAV vectors were evaluated to control in vivo expression of glial cell line- derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the rat neostriatum. The first system involved two vectors: rAAV construct contained tetracycline (tet) -inducible promoter driving expression of GDNF (tet-GDNF), and the other was a bicistronic vector encoding the reverse transactivator and silencer for the tet-regulated system (rtTA/ tTS). The second vector system incorporated all the elements required for the regulated expression of GDNF in one construct. This arrangement contained a mutated rtTA (rtTA2s-M2), a bidirectional tet-induceable autoregulatory promoter controlling the expression of rtTA2s-M2 and GDNF, in AAV2 inverted terminal repeats (TR2:M2-GDNF). The third construct system was identical to the later vector but contained AAV5 TR (TR5:M2-GDNF). As much as 5.4 fold induction of GDNF over un-induced levels could be achieved in vivo, using the dual vector system. However, measurable background expression was observed in the un-induced state. Un-induced GDNF expression could be reduced to near background levels by increasing the ratio of the reverse transactivator-repressor vector to the tet-GDNF. On the other hand the bidirectional constructs showed high expression of GDNF in the uninduced state, but the TR5 seemed to reduce the expression observed in the uninduced state with the TR2 bidirectional construct. We conclude that a dual vector system might be more efficient at regulating gene expression in the context of rAAV vectors. Based on these results we are developing improved versions of the two vector system to limit uninduced transgene expression and to increase the levels of induction in the "on" state. Dr. Muzyczka is an inventor on patents related to recombinant Adeno-associated virus technology and owns equity in a gene therapy company that is commercializing AAV for gene therapy applications. Dr. Mandel and Dr. Burger are inventors on patents related to recombinant Adeno-associated virus technology.
Oral Exposure to Genistin, the Glycosylated Form of Genistein, during Neonatal Life Adversely Affects the Female Reproductive System
Authors: Wendy N. Jefferson, Daniel Doerge, Elizabeth Padilla-Banks, Kellie A. Woodling, Grace E. Kissling, Retha Newbold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Developmental exposure to environmental estrogens is associated with adverse consequences later in life. Exposure to genistin (GIN), the glycosylated form of the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) found in soy products, is of concern because approximately 20% of U.S. infants are fed soy formula. High circulating levels of GEN have been measured in the serum of these infants, indicating that GIN is readily absorbed, hydrolyzed, and circulated.We investigated whether orally administered GIN is estrogenic in neonatal mice and whether it causes adverse effects on the developing female reproductive tract.Female CD-1 mice were treated on postnatal days 1-5 with oral GIN (6.25, 12.5, 25, or 37.5 mg/kg/day; GEN-equivalent doses), oral GEN (25, 37.5, or 75 mg/kg/day), or subcutaneous GEN (12.5, 20, or 25 mg/kg/day). Estrogenic activity was measured on day 5 by determining uterine wet weight gain and induction of the estrogen-responsive gene lactoferrin. Vaginal opening, estrous cyclicity, fertility, and morphologic alterations in the ovary/reproductive tract were examined.Oral GIN elicited an estrogenic response in the neonatal uterus, whereas the response to oral GEN was much weaker. Oral GIN altered ovarian differentiation (i.e., multioocyte follicles), delayed vaginal opening, caused abnormal estrous cycles, decreased fertility, and delayed parturition.Our results support the idea that the dose of the physiologically active compound reaching the target tissue, rather than the administered dose or route, is most important in modeling chemical exposures. This is particularly true with young animals in which phase II metabolism capacity is underdeveloped relative to adults.
Diarrhoea after continent ileostomy.
Authors: D G Kelley, M E Branon, S F Phillips, K A Kelly
Journal: Gut (1980)

To determine the nature and frequency of malabsorption in patients with continent ileostomies, faeces and urine from 42 patients with ileal pouches and from 19 patients with conventional ileostomies were analysed and compared. The patients with conventional ileostomy were matched with patients with ileal pouches. Thirteen of the patients with pouches were found to have excessive faecal volumes which were accompanied by increased faecal losses of electrolytes, nitrogen, and fat, and by decreased vitamin B12 uptake. The remaining patients with continent ileostomies had faecal and urinary outputs which were similar to those of patients with conventional ileostomies. Thus, evidence of malabsorption was found in approximately 30% of this group of patients with continent ileostomies.
Randomized Phase III Study of Capecitabine Plus Oxaliplatin Compared With Fluorouracil/Folinic Acid Plus Oxaliplatin As First-Line Therapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jim Cassidy, Stephen Clarke, Eduardo Díaz-Rubio, Werner Scheithauer, Arie Figer, Ralph Wong, Sheryl Koski, Mikhail Lichinitser, Tsai-Shen Yang, Fernando Rivera, Felix Couture, Florin Sirzén, Leonard Saltz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose To evaluate whether capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) is noninferior to fluorouracil. folinic acid, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX-4) as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). Patients and Methods The initial design of this trial was a randomized, two-arm, noninferiority, phase III comparison of XELOX versus FOLFOX-4. After patient accrual had begun, the trial design was amended in 2003 after bevacizumab phase III data became available. The resulting 2 × 2 factorial design randomly assigned patients to XELOX versus FOLFOX-4, and then to also receive either bevacizumab or placebo. We report here the results of the analysis of the XELOX versus FOLFOX-4 arms. The analysis of bevacizumab versus placebo with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is reported separately. The prespecified primary end point for the noninferiority analysis was progression-free survival. Results The intent-to-treat population comprised 634 patients from the original two-arm portion of the study, plus an additional 1,400 patients after the start of the amended 2 × 2 design, for a total of 2,034 patients. The median PFS was 8.0 months in the pooled XELOX-containing arms versus 8.5 months in the FOLFOX-4–containing arms (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 97.5% CI, 0.93 to 1.16). The median overall survival was 19.8 months with XELOX versus 19.6 months with FOLFOX-4 (HR, 0.99; 97.5% CI, 0.88 to 1.12). FOLFOX-4 was associated with more grade 3/4 neutropenia/granulocytopenia and febrile neutropenia than XELOX, and XELOX with more grade 3 diarrhea and grade 3 hand-foot syndrome than FOLFOX-4. Conclusion XELOX is noninferior to FOLFOX-4 as a first-line treatment for MCRC, and may be considered as a routine treatment option for appropriate patients.
Standardization of Surgical Implants
Authors: N. Capener
Journal: BMJ (1956)

<h3>Aim</h3> ‘Normal’ range for cardiac troponin I (TnI) has changed with more sensitive tests, but the validity of low-level elevations is contentious. We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcome of patients with an initial TnI level 1–5 times the upper limit of normal. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective study of patients assessed for ACS with initial TnI level between 0.05–0.19 ng/ml. Data collected included demographics, clinical data, TnI levels and outcome. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients who had a serial TnI rise consistent with ACS. <h3>Results</h3> 72 patients were studied; median age 71, median TIMI score 3, 66.7% male. 35 patients (48.6%) had a TnI rise consistent with ACS. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Approximately half of patients with initial TnI between 0.05–0.19ng/ml had a TnI rise consistent with ACS. An initial TnI in this range is not, of itself, indicative of ACS. Clinical decision-making should be guided by clinical features and serial TnI measurement.
773 REDUCTION IN AMMONIA WITH L-ORNITHINE, PHENYLACETATE (OP) BUT NOT ANTI-TNF PREVENTS LPS INDUCED BRAIN EDEMA IN BILE-DUCT LIGATED CIRRHOTIC RATS
Authors: G. Wright, V. Stadlbauer, V. Balasubramaniyan, N. Davies, R. Jalan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in hypertensive heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by transesophageal 3-D reconstruction
Authors: Jürgen Frielingsdorf, Andreas Franke, Harald P. Kühl, Emil Rijken, Winfried Krebs, Heinrich G. Klues, Frank A. Flachskampf, Peter Hanrath
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Abstract 422: (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the metastatic potential of colon cancer
Authors: Manabu Kaneko, Nelson H. Tsuno, Kazushige Kawai, Takeshi Nishikawa, Yasutaka Shuno, Kazuhito Sasaki, Kumiko Hongo, Masaya Hiyoshi, Eiji Sunami, Joji Kitayama, Koki Takahashi, Hirokazu Nagawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objective: Green tea catechins have been shown to be potential chemopreventive agents against various types of cancer Among them, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which accounts for almost 50% of the total catechin content in green tea extract, has been focused due to its potent antioxidant effects. EGCG inhibits enzyme activities and signal transduction pathways, resulting in the suppression of cell proliferation and enhancement of apoptosis. Also, it is reported to inhibit cell invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. However, the exact mechanisms of the anti-proliferative/anti-metastatic activities of EGCG are not completely understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of EGCG on colon cancer cells, especially focusing on cell adhesion. Methods: HT-29 human colon cancer cells were used. The effect of EGCG on the proliferative activity was investigated by the MTS assay. The expression of integrins was analyzed by flow-cytometry. Apoptosis induction was analyzed by flow-cytometry after double-staining of cells with AnnexinV/PI. The ability of cells to adhere to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins was tested by the adhesion assay on fibronectin, collagen and laminin. Results: EGCG dose-dependently decreased the ability of HT-29 cells to proliferate on and adhere to ECM proteins. The amount of cell surface integrins, however, was not affected by EGCG. Additionally, EGCG treatment did not induce apoptosis of HT-29 cells. Therefore, the affection of the proliferative activity by EGCG was attributed to anoikis. Conclusions: EGCG dose-dependently decreased the ability of colon cancer cells to proliferate on and to adhere to ECM proteins. It was not dependent on changes in the expression of β1-integrins, but on the affection of the ability of β1-integrins to bind the ECM proteins. Binding to the ECM proteins is an important event for cancer cells to proliferate, migrate, invade, and form metastatic lesions. Therefore, EGCG, by affecting the ability of colon cancer cells to adhere to ECM proteins, may be a potential agent for the prevention and/or treatment of colon cancer metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 422.
Non-abstractness as mental simulation in the representation of number
Authors: Andriy Myachykov, Wouter P. A. Platenburg, Martin H. Fischer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Abstraction is instrumental for our understanding of how numbers are cognitively represented. We propose that the notion of abstraction becomes testable from within the framework of simulated cognition. We describe mental simulation as embodied, grounded, and situated cognition, and report evidence for number representation at each of these levels of abstraction.
A research agenda on the management of intra-abdominal candidiasis: results from a consensus of multinational experts
Authors: Matteo Bassetti, Monia Marchetti, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Sergio Colizza, Jose Garnacho-Montero, Daniel H. Kett, Patricia Munoz, Francesco Cristini, Anastasia Andoniadou, Pierluigi Viale, Giorgio Della Rocca, Emmanuel Roilides, Gabriele Sganga, Thomas J. Walsh, Carlo Tascini, Mario Tumbarello, Francesco Menichetti, Elda Righi, Christian Eckmann, Claudio Viscoli, Andrew F. Shorr, Olivier Leroy, George Petrikos, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)