tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Air pollution and respiratory morbidity.
Authors: R L Maynard, R E Waller
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Alternative and complementary medicine for asthma Readers of the review by D J Lane and T V Lane (November 1991;46:787-97) might conclude that hypnosis has little to offer asthmatic patients.Although the report of Ewer and Stewart' is quoted as showing improvement in symptom scores and some peak expiratory flow rates and decreased use of bronchodilators, no mention is made of a 74-9% improvement (p < 0-01) in the degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to a stan- dardised methacholine challenge test.These authors state that "while our hypnotic tech- nique does not eliminate bronchial hyperresponsiveness it does provide a clinically useful and non-toxic adjuvant to drug treat- ment that might benefit about half of the asthmatic population."This approach could well reduce the use of the toxic drugs, such as troleandomycin, gold, azathioprine, and methotrexate, mentioned as steroid sparing agents by Shiner and Geddes.2The British Tuberculosis Association's study3 did not report negative results as stated in the review.On the contrary, "independent clinical assessors considered the asthma to be much better in 59% of the hypnosis groups and in 43% of the control group, the difference being significant."These results were obtained by using only direct suggestion under hypnosis plus autohypnosis daily; more advanced methods, such as reciprocal inhibition, were not used.In my own study4 it was possible to with- draw oral prednisolone or to reduce the dose in 14 of the 16 patients treated by hypnosis.The number of hospital admissions during the first year of hypnotherapy fell to 13, compared with 44 during the previous year.This represented a reduction of 249 hospital days, which, at 1988 costs (£170 per day), saved the NHS £42 330.As some 55 000 adults are admitted each year for asthma, savings to the NHS could be considerable if hypnotherapy were to be used more widely.
Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes With Telmisartan, Ramipril, or Both in People at High Renal Risk
Authors: Sheldon W. Tobe, Catherine M. Clase, Peggy Gao, Matthew McQueen, Anja Grosshennig, Xingyu Wang, Koon K. Teo, Salim Yusuf, Johannes F.E. Mann
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— In the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global End Point Trial (ONTARGET), dual therapy did not reduce cardiovascular or renal outcomes compared with either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers alone. Previous controlled trials with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers have demonstrated greater cardiovascular and renal benefit in people with renal risk. We hypothesized that dual therapy would be more effective than monotherapy in patients with low glomerular filtration rate and elevated albuminuria. Methods and Results— Post hoc analysis was performed of renal subgroups of dual therapy versus monotherapy for the ONTARGET study and angiotensin receptor blocker versus placebo for the Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACE Intolerant Subjects With Cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND). The studies featured hazard ratios by subgroups and Cox regression models with factors for treatment, subgroup, and interactions. The main cardiovascular outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure, and the main renal outcome was the composite of chronic dialysis or doubling of creatinine. In ONTARGET, there was no cardiovascular or renal benefit from dual over monotherapy in any subgroup, even with low glomerular filtration rate and/or elevated albuminuria. In TRANSCEND, in the comparison of angiotensin receptor blocker with placebo, there was a significant interaction for the main renal outcome ( P =0.01) in the direction of harm for patients with normoalbuminuria (0.37 versus 0.16 events per 100 patient-years; hazard ratio, 2.35; confidence interval, 1.33 to 4.15) but a trend to benefit with microalbuminuria (0.52 versus 0.89 events per 100 patient-years; hazard ratio, 0.60; confidence interval, 0.25 to 1.46) and macroalbuminuria (1.57 versus 2.60 events per 100 patient-years; hazard ratio, 0.71; confidence interval, 0.21 to 2.44). Conclusions— This post hoc analysis does not support dual therapy over monotherapy in high–vascular risk patients with low glomerular filtration rate or albuminuria. This observation is a post hoc comparison and should be interpreted appropriately. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00153101.
Recurrent bladder cancer presenting as rectal linitis plastica
Authors: Jana Hashash, Nadia Habib-Bein, Asif Khalid, Fadi Francis
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 55-year-old man presented with a 4-day history of rectal pain, urgency, and a feeling of heaviness. He had also noticed thinning of the caliber of his stool. His past history included stage II, T2 – 3, muscle invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma, diagnosed 10 months previously, for which he had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, and the creation of an ileal conduit. A few days prior to this presentation, evaluation by his urologist and oncologist had deemed him to be cancer-free.
Antibodies that Inhibit Malaria Merozoite Surface Protein–1 Processing and Erythrocyte Invasion Are Blocked by Naturally Acquired Human Antibodies
Authors: José A. Guevara Patiño, Anthony A. Holder, Jana S. McBride, Michael J. Blackman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Merozoite surface protein–1 (MSP-1) of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum undergoes at least two endoproteolytic cleavage events during merozoite maturation and release, and erythrocyte invasion. We have previously demonstrated that mAbs which inhibit erythrocyte invasion and are specific for epitopes within a membrane-proximal, COOH-terminal domain of MSP-1 (MSP-119) prevent the critical secondary processing step which occurs on the surface of the extracellular merozoite at around the time of erythrocyte invasion. Certain other anti–MSP-119 mAbs, which themselves inhibit neither erythrocyte invasion nor MSP-1 secondary processing, block the processing-inhibitory activity of the first group of antibodies and are termed blocking antibodies. We have now directly quantitated antibody-mediated inhibition of MSP-1 secondary processing and invasion, and the effects on this of blocking antibodies. We show that blocking antibodies function by competing with the binding of processing-inhibitory antibodies to their epitopes on the merozoite. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies specific for certain MSP-1 sequences outside of MSP-119 also act as blocking antibodies. Most significantly, affinity-purified, naturally acquired human antibodies specific for epitopes within the NH2-terminal 83-kD domain of MSP-1 very effectively block the processing-inhibitory activity of the anti-MSP-119 mAb 12.8. The presence of these blocking antibodies also completely abrogates the inhibitory effect of mAb 12.8 on erythrocyte invasion by the parasite in vitro. Blocking antibodies therefore (a) are part of the human response to malarial infection; (b) can be induced by MSP-1 structures unrelated to the MSP-119 target of processing-inhibitory antibodies; and (c) have the potential to abolish protection mediated by anti–MSP-119 antibodies. Our results suggest that an effective MSP-119–based falciparum malaria vaccine should aim to induce an antibody response that prevents MSP-1 processing on the merozoite surface.
Clinical Significance of a Hydroxyproline-containing Protein in Human Plasma*
Authors: E. Carwile LeRoy, Albert Sjoerdsma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Recently, we have identified a hydroxyproline- containing protein(s) in human plasma (1) and developed a specific method for its assay (2).The behavior of this protein (hyproprotein) as shown in precipitation and gel filtration experi- ments indicates that it is a large molecule; its resistance to digestion by proteolytic enzymes suggests further that it may be a form of collagen (2).As part of a program of study to determine the significance and possible origin of this circu- lating protein, a survey was made of plasma hypro- protein levels in a large number of normal sub- jects and in patients with a variety of clinical disorders.Also, comparisons were made with the levels of excretion in the urine of hydroxyprolinecontaining peptides. MethodsSubjects.These were 101 normal individuals and 146 patients with various diseases.The normal subjects ranged in age from newborn to 93 years.The new- borns were from normal deliveries at the National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Md.Normal children and adolescents were either outpatients seen for routine checkup at the Navy Pediatric Clinic or volunteers from the Bethesda community.Normal adults in the 20-to 70-year age range were either employees or hos- pitalized volunteers at the National Institutes of Health; the 70to 93-year age range was comprised of residents of a nursing home in the Bethesda area.The patients studied ranged inage from 20 to 67 years and were seen at either the National Naval Medical Center or the National Institutes of Health.Technique.Initially, blood samples from the antecubi- tal veins of fasting subjects were drawn into .01vol heparin (heparin sodium, 1,000 U.S.P. units per ml).In later studies, the same relative amount of 40%o (wt/ vol) sodium citrate was used as discussed under Results.The blood was centrifuged at 40 C for 30 minutes at 1,000 X g, and the plasma was separated.Routinely the
776 CIRRHOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIA IS A MULTIFACTORIAL CONDITION: EVIDENCE OF REDUCED PLATELET PRODUCTION AND INCRESED PLATELET DESTRUCTION
Authors: P. Pradella, F. Zorat, L. Uxa, C. Comar, S. Turchetto, S. Bonetto, G. Pozzato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Abstract B12: A novel gene signature associated with response to adoptively transferred T cells in a mouse model of breast cancer
Authors: Michele L. Martin, Hye-Jung Elizabeth Chun, Janine Hsu, David Ou, Steven M. Jones, Peter Watson, Brad H. Nelson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Adoptive T cell therapy involves the infusion of large numbers of activated, tumor-reactive T cells. In clinical trials, this method often results in mixed responses, wherein some tumor nodules respond while others do not, indicating that the local tumor environment is a critical determinant of response. Aim: We sought to identify a gene expression signature associated with sensitivity of mammary tumors to adoptive T cell therapy in a mouse model of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A transgenic mouse model was used to derive a panel of mammary tumor lines expressing an ovalbumin-tagged version of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Within the panel were tumor lines that reproducibly underwent complete regression (CR), partial regression (PR), or progressive disease (PD) after adoptive transfer of naive, ovalbumin-specific CD4+ (OT-II) and CD8+ (OT-I) T cells. Six representative tumors representing three outcome groups (CR, PR, and PD) underwent Affymetrix gene expression profiling, and results were validated by quantitative PCR. Results: Gene expression profiling identified four biological pathways associated with outcome following adoptive immunotherapy: leukocyte extravasation, extracellular matrix receptor, GM-CSF receptor, and LXR/RXR receptor pathways. From these pathways, 32 genes that ranked highest for discriminating CR and PD were chosen for further study. The tight junction protein Claudin 4 was expressed at high levels in PD tumors, intermediate levels in PR tumors, and low levels in CR tumors. By contrast, expression levels of the secreted extracellular matrix protein Reelin and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18 were higher in CR tumors compared to PR and PD tumors. Conclusions: Pathways related to cell junctions, extracellular matrix and inflammation influence the response of mammary tumors to adoptively transferred T cells. Currently, we are modulating expression of these and other genes in mammary tumors to identify regulatory nodes that determine outcome and are amenable to therapeutic intervention. Funding: Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Michael Smith Foundation, BC Cancer Foundation Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):B12
Incidence of advanced chronic renal failure and the need for end stage renal replacement treatment.
Authors: T G Feest, C D Mistry, D S Grimes, N P Mallick
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the age related incidence of advanced chronic renal failure in two areas of England. DESIGN--Prospective study of patients newly identified as having advanced chronic renal failure within a two year period; subsequent monitoring of patients9 clinical course for a further 26 months. SETTING--Devon and Blackburn. SUBJECTS--Those patients in a population of 708,997 who developed advanced chronic renal failure (serum creatinine concentration greater than 500 mumol/l) for the first time during a two year period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS--210 Patients (148 per million population per year) developed advanced chronic renal failure, 117 (51%) of whom were over 70. The age related incidence rose from 58 per million per year in those aged 20-49 to 588 per million per year in those aged 80 or over. Only 54% (113) of patients were referred to a nephrologist; 120 patients (57%) needed dialysis or died within three months of presenting without receiving dialysis, and 187 (89%) died or needed dialysis within three years. After those unsuitable for further treatment had been excluded, 78 patients per million population per year aged under 80 needed to start long term renal replacement treatment. CONCLUSIONS--Many patients suitable for renal replacement treatment are still not referred for nephrological opinion and are denied treatment. If the treatment rate in the United Kingdom rose from the 1988 rate of 55.1 per million per year to 78 per million per year then the number of patients receiving treatment would rise to about 800 per million. This is double the present number and has considerable but predictable resource implications for the NHS.
Abstract 2341: Curcumin targets a stem-like subpopulation of Lewis lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Roudabeh J. Jamasbi, Dejun Yan, Michael E. Geusz
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Curcumin, an active component of the spice turmeric, can exert cytotoxic effects on cancer cells without harming normal tissues. The objectives of this investigation were to a) determine the effects of different doses and durations of curcumin exposure on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells; b) characterize any curcumin-resistant LLC subpopulation, which may include cancer stem cells (CSCs); and c) demonstrate whether curcumin's cytotoxic effects are enhanced by visible light. Cultured LLC cells were exposed to 10-60 μM curcumin for 2, 4, 8, 16 and 30 hrs at 37°C. After incubation, the cell density was measured by the absorbance of crystal violet staining. The results confirmed that curcumin eliminates LLC cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. We then chose 60 μM curcumin, which caused the highest cell loss (&amp;gt;99%), to select for a curcumin-surviving subpopulation. A cell line established from the survivors was found to have slower growth rate, expressed lower levels of NFκB and aldehyde dehydrogenase (two CSC markers). Tumors developed when syngeneic mice were injected with either LLC cells or the surviving line, although tumor growth appeared slower for the surviving line. The results indicate that curcumin exerts damaging effects not only on cancer cells but also on CSCs. The efficacy of curcumin is hampered outside the digestive tract because of its low bioavailability. To test enhancement of curcumin effects by light, we exposed LLC cells to curcumin and visible light simultaneously. This combination caused greater damage to LLC cells than curcumin or light alone. Our results support a role for curcumin as an anti-cancer agent, especially when combined with visible light or other radiation sources. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2341. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2341
286 POTENTIAL PROTEOMIC BIOMARKERS IN ASSESSING LIVER FIBROSIS USING SELDI-TOF MS
Authors: S.C. Ozen Karatayli, D. Mizrak, M. Sayki, M. Ozkan, E. Erden, C. Yurdaydin, R. Idilman, A.M. Bozdayi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
NI-36 * VALIDATION OF RANO CRITERIA: CONTRIBUTION OF T2/FLAIR ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA TREATED WITH BEVACIZUMAB
Authors: R. Huang, R. Rahman, W. Pope, B. Ellingson, K. Ballman, S. Felton, S. K. Anderson, L. Nayak, E. Lee, L. Abrey, E. Galanis, D. Reardon, T. Cloughesy, P. Wen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

PURPOSE: Since its introduction, the RANO criteria have not been validated using outcome data from prospective trials. We examined the radiologic data of patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab from the randomized phase II BRAIN trial (AVF3708g) to determine the effect of including T2/FLAIR evaluation in the RANO criteria on measurements of objective response rates (ORR) and progression free survival (PFS). METHODS: The imaging data of 163 patients with recurrent glioblastoma from the BRAIN trial were evaluated by 6 readers blinded to clinical information. The ORR and median PFS were determined using the RANO criteria and compared to those obtained using the Macdonald criteria. Landmark analyses were performed at 2, 4 and 6 months, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the associations between OR and progression with subsequent survival. RESULTS: The ORRs were 0.331 (95% CI: 0.260 - 0.409) and 0.393 (95% CI: 0.317 - 0.472) by RANO and Macdonald criteria, respectively (p < 0.0001). The median PFS was 4.6 months (95% CI: 4.1-5.5) using RANO criteria, compared to 6.4 months (95% CI: 5.5-7.1) as determined by Macdonald criteria (p = 0.01). At 2-, 4-, and 6-month landmarks, both OR status and PFS determined by RANO criteria were predictive of overall survival (OS) (hazard ratios for 4-month landmark; OR HR= 1.93, p = 0.0012, PFS HR = 4.23, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The inclusion of T2/FLAIR assessment in the RANO criteria results in moderate and statistically significant differences in median PFS and ORR. OR and PFS determined by RANO correlated with OS.
Recurrent Radiographic Dye-Induced Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Harvey A. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

AZOTEMIC, diabetic patients may be prone to acute renal failure after intravenous pyelography.<sup>1</sup>Two of the proposed etiologic factors are dehydration and hyperuricosuria.<sup>2</sup>We observed two such episodes in a diabetic patient despite hypouricemic therapy and vigorous hydration. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 43-year-old diabetic man with long-standing hypertension, coronary arteriosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, and peripheral neuropathy was admitted to the Philadelphia Veterans Administration Hospital on Feb 8, 1973, for treatment of congestive heart failure. On admission, his serum creatinine level was 5.0 mg/100 ml, and uric acid concentration was 8.5 mg/100 ml. Daily urine output was 1,500 to 3,000 ml, and protein excretion averaged 1.0 gm/24 hr. On Feb 13, drip infusion pyelography with 300 ml of 25% diatrizoate sodium was performed without resulting hypotension, rash, or other acute reactions. The pyelogram showed no structural abnormalities. Despite no change in cardiac function, the patient became severely oliguric (urine
Impact of HIV on tuberculosis in developing countries.
Authors: C M Parry, O Kamoto, A D Harries, L Nyong'onya Mbewe, D S Nyangulu
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Letters to the Editor other three dimensions.We believe that a gap of one day between both measurements is justifiable to obtain test-retest reliability of the CRQ in this particular group of patients.Perhaps the most fundamental mis- understanding is that our research was fo- cused on the prediction of a specific criterion (criterion validity) based on the scores of the CRQ.In our research we investigated the validity of the four dimensions of the CRQ by relating these dimensions to comparable dimensions of the SCL-90.Thus, the prin- cipal focus was not on the prediction of a criterion (according to Mrs Jones, the scores of the SCL-90), but on the ability of the CRQ to measure the four dimensions.From a methodological point of view it should be noted that the scores on the CRQ are based on psychological properties of individuals.As a consequence it is often impossible to find a single satisfactory real world criterion avail- able for the evaluation of its validity.The SCL-90 can never serve as such a naturally occurring criterion.Content validity and con- struct validity are powerful tools to establish our understanding ofwhat dimensions ofspe- cific measurement instruments intend to measure, and that was, indeed, the core issue of our research.
The Interpretation of Death
Authors: Z. J. Lipowski
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The last two decades have brought an unprecedented upsurge of interest in death and dying. The focus on death as an object of systematic study is one of the most remarkable developments in contemporary social history. A new branch of science, thanatology, has emerged to organize accruing observations about man's attitudes toward death and the various modes of dying. Hundreds of journal articles and books reflect this new trend. As the volume of relevant literature grows, we can afford to be more discriminating in evaluating new publications. A new book on this subject should provide novel observations or theoretical formulations, or guidelines for clinical management of the dying and bereaved. The book under review offers nothing new. It is a compilation of previously published articles and book excerpts. There are 14 chapters in the section on "Death" and 7 in that on "Mourning." The selection is heavily biased in favor
The Law in Medical Practice
Authors: George E. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1966)

first six chapters of this book ran serially inThe Journal(volumes 193 and 194 in 1965). Chapter 5, Medical Evidence in Court, is particularly well written and helpful although the author may be a bit over-enthusiastic in his statement, The above constitutes all the rules of evidence and rationale for the rules with which a physician need be familiar in order to be comfortable in his role as a witness.  Chapter 7 discusses ethical problems relating to clinical experimentation on humans, care of the terminally ill, antidysthanasia (failure to take positive action to prolong life) and euthanasia (taking positive action to end life). Chapters 8 and 9 consist of a complete transcript for a mock trial relating to low back pain, material which can be very helpful to the program chairman of a joint county medical society-county bar association meeting.  This book should not be confused withThe
PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF RECURRENT AND UNREMITTING ANGINA WITH PERCUTANEOUS INTERVENTION VERSUS OPTIMAL MEDICAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE: A POST HOC ANALYSIS OF THE CLINICAL OUTCOMES UTILIZING REVASCULARIZATION AND AGGRESSIVE DRUG EVALUATION TRIAL
Authors: Amarinder Bindra, Koon Teo, Mandeep Sidhu, Pamela Hartigan, David Maron, William Kostuk, Steven Sedlis, G.B. John Mancini, Eric Bates, Benjamin Scirica, John Spertus, William Weintraub, Bernard Chaitman, William Boden
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)