tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Attacks on the American Medical Association.
Authors: Philip Mills Jones
Journal: JAMA (1906)

San Francisco, Sept. 21, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Please allow me to congratulate you most sincerely on the presentation, in recent issues ofThe Journal, of the facts pertinent to the Walker resolutions, which were introduced at the Boston session, and also the explanation of the attitude of the<i>Medical Record</i>in its despicable attack on the Association. In regard to the Walker resolutions, it is rather unpleasant to me to note that my motion, which, you will recall, was to reconsider the motion which placed these resolutions on the table, has been rather generally looked on as an indication of approval of these resolutions. This is most emphatically an error. Dr. Happel correctly stated the intent of my motion in his reply to Dr. Carstens' letter. My desire was to emphasize the rejection of the proposed resolutions, and to prevent any attempt at their subsequent consideration. The President ruled
Hyper-Alpha-2-Macroglobulinemia in Narcotic Addicts
Authors: NABEEL F. ADHAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Significant increases of serum α-2-macroglobulin (α-2-M) were detected in narcotic addicts presenting at a methadone treatment center. The mean α-2-M level was 341 ± 14 mg/dl compared with 231 ± 8 mg/dl in normal persons (p < 0.01). In a comparable group of alcoholics with laboratory evidence of hepatic dysfunction the mean α-2-M level was 208 ± 10 mg/dl. Although the serum immunoglobulin M content was also substantially elevated in the narcotic-addict group, no correlation was obtained between the serum content of this protein and α-2-M. Similarly, no correlation between α-2-M level and serum zinc content was observed. When the values of the trypsin-binding activity of serum measured in 13 addicts, 15 alcoholics with laboratory evidence of hepatic dysfunction, and 16 normal subjects were plotted against the amount of α-2-M measured in the same subjects, a linear correlation was obtained between trypsin-binding activity and α-2-M. Thus, the significantly increased serum trypsin-binding activity observed in the addicts is that which might be expected if normal α-2-M is being accumulated in large amounts as a result of increased macroglobulin synthesis.
CD34+CD38−CD58− cells are leukemia-propagating cells in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Y Kong, Y-J Chang, Y-R Liu, Y-Z Wang, Q Jiang, H Jiang, Y-Z Qin, Y Hu, Y-Y Lai, C-W Duan, D-L Hong, X-J Huang
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Daniel Weintraub, Eugenia Mamikonyan
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2019)

A" was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease at 51 years of age, 5 years after seeing a neurologist for a variety of symptoms, ranging from assumed complications of bulging vertebral discs, cervical radiculopathy, headaches, and carpal tunnel syndrome.Ultimately, she was referred to a movement disorders neurologist who assessed her pain, decreased left upper extremity dexterity and arm swing, gait stiffness and weakness, and rigidity, as well as prominent depression and anxiety symptoms, and she received a diagnosis of mild idiopathic Parkinson's disease (stage 1.5 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale).She received a prescription for a dopamine agonist (pergolide) as part of an openlabel monotherapy study for young-onset Parkinson's disease.However, she began to experience gastrointestinal side effects, and, in an effort to delay initiating levodopa therapy, her neurologist prescribed another dopamine agonist, pramipexole, at a dosage of 0.25 mg t.i.d.Pramipexole resulted in improvement in parkinsonism without gastrointestinal upset.After approximately 4-6 months of pramipexole treatment, the patient noticed that sporadic trips to casinos with friends became more frequent, lasted longer than a few hours, and involved spending, on slot machines, more than her allotted $40 per trip.While at the casino, it became increasingly difficult for Ms. A's spouse to persuade her to leave.She would feel euphoric while gambling, and she used her winnings for continued gambling.Given that she was by nature a conscientious and responsible individual with no history of significant gambling, this behavior was out of character.She did have chronic depression and anxiety symptoms that long predated onset of Parkinson's disease and had been managed over the years with various psychotropic medications (including bupropion at the time of impulse control disorder onset) and psychotherapy.She asked her neurologist if pramipexole was linked to personality changes or compulsive behaviors and was informed that it was not a potential side effect.Over the course of the next 2 years, Ms. A's thrice-daily dose of pramipexole was gradually increased to 0.5 mg, then 0.75 mg, and finally 1 mg.During that period, Ms.A gambled away $1 million dollars and gained 40 pounds.
Liver Toxicity After Acetaminophen Ingestion
Authors: John Ambre
Journal: JAMA (1977)

With increasing frequency, the physician is confronted with the problem of determining the risk of liver toxicity in a person who may have ingested an overdose of acetaminophen. To be effective, antidotal therapy must be given early after acetaminophen ingestion when the patient, despite the toxic injury occurring in his liver, may appear quite well. We have reviewed the cases of the first five persons who came to our institution with a history of having ingested a large overdose of acetaminophen. In each case plasma or serum acetaminophen levels were low and substantial liver injury did not occur. Measurement of acetaminophen levels, indicating the amount of drug absorbed, were a more reliable index of the risk of toxic liver injury and the need for antidotal therapy than the estimate of the dose ingested. (<i>JAMA</i>238:500-501, 1977)
Autonomic innervation of the heart.
Authors: E W Van Stee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

This brief review describes recent advances in the areas of myocardial receptors that discharge into nonmyelinated, afferent, vagal C-fibers and the regional distribution of sympathetic postganglionic neurons to the myocardium. Complex, nonencapsulated nerve endings discharging into myelinated afferents have been known to exist for many years. More recently, however, indirect evidence for the existence of cardiac receptors that are either silent or exhibit low resting rates of activity, and discharge into slowly conducting C-type fibers, has been demonstrated. The receptors themselves have not yet been identified histologically. Cardiac receptors include subpopulations that are preferentially activated by chemical stimuli, including a variety of exogenous chemicals as well as prostaglandins. Another subpopulation is preferentially activated by mechanical stresses in the physiological range. Further investigation may reveal their participation in overall cardiovascular regulation, and mediation of responses to exogenous chemical stimuli. Four principal cardiac sympathetic nerves have been identified in the right thoracic region and three on the left. Most carry sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. Stimulation of individual nerves, before and after parasympathetic blockade, results in regionally, well-defined myocardial responses.
Book Review Interventional Spine: An Algorithmic Approach Edited by Curtis W. Slipman, Richard Derby, Frederick A. Simeone, and Tom G. Mayer. 1454 pp., illustrated, with CD-ROM. Philadelphia, Saunders, 2008. $249. 978-0-7216-2872-1
Authors: John C. Keel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
The Human Vocal Tract: Anatomy, Function, Development and Evolution
Authors: Byron J. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Human speech and language hold a special fascination for all scientists. Speech is the most distinctive function differentiating<i> Homo sapiens</i>as a species. Verbal communication is the most complex neuromotor activity of which we are capable. It challenges the limits of our comprehension to envision the sequence of biochemical and physiological events involved in calling up instantaneously each of the subsegments of speech from their central nervous system storage locations, lining them up coherently, and expressing them audibly with subtle intonations and other modifying features that convey information and emotion. When did human beings first develop speech and language beyond the range of gutteral, animal sounds? The answer may be discoverable through studies of the evolution of the human vocal tract, and this book is a compendium of the best information available on this subject. The story unfolds through an integration of important discoveries from such disciplines as embryology, developmental
Make Your Diabetic Patients Walk
Authors: Chiara Di Loreto, Carmine Fanelli, Paola Lucidi, Giuseppe Murdolo, Arianna De Cicco, Natascia Parlanti, Anna Ranchelli, Cristina Fatone, Chiara Taglioni, Fausto Santeusanio, Pierpaolo De Feo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

To establish the impact of different amounts of increased energy expenditure on type 2 diabetes care.Post hoc analysis of long-term effects of different amounts of increased energy expenditure (metabolic equivalents [METS] per hour per week) through voluntary aerobic physical activity was performed in 179 type 2 diabetic subjects (age 62 +/- 1 years [mean +/- SE]) randomized to a physical activity counseling intervention. Subjects were followed for 2 years and divided into six groups based on their increments in METs per hour per week: group 0 (no activity, n = 28), group 1-10 (6.8 +/- 0.3, n = 27), group 11-20 (17.1 +/- 0.4, n = 31), group 21-30 (27.0 +/- 0.5, n = 27), group 31-40 (37.5 +/- 0.5, n = 32), and group >40 (58.3 +/- 1.8, n = 34).At baseline, the six groups did not differ for energy expenditure, age, sex, diabetes duration, and all parameters measured. After 2 years, in group 0 and in group 1-10, no parameter changed; in groups 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, and >40, HbA(1c), blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and estimated percent of 10-year coronary heart disease risk improved (P < 0.05). In group 21-30, 31-40, and >40, body weight, waist circumference, heart rate, fasting plasma glucose, serum LDL and HDL cholesterol also improved (P < 0.05). METs per hour per week correlated positively with changes of HDL cholesterol and negatively with those of other parameters (P < 0.001). After 2 years, per capita yearly costs of medications increased (P = 0.008) by USD393 in group 0, did not significantly change in group 1-10 (USD 206, P = 0.09), and decreased in group 11-20 (USD -196, P = 0.01), group 21-30 (USD -593, P = 0.009), group 31-40 (USD -660, P = 0.003), and group >40 (USD -579, P = 0.001).Energy expenditure >10 METs . h(-1) . week(-1) obtained through aerobic leisure time physical activity is sufficient to achieve health and financial advantages, but full benefits are achieved with energy expenditure >20 METs . h(-1) . week(-1).
The pursuit of quality in anaesthesia
Authors: K C Judkins
Journal: BMJ (1983)

52 units of Monotard insulin (both 80 units).He was converted to 100 unit insulin and given a 1 ml 100 unit click count syringe.This produces an audible click for every subdivision on the syringe-that is, every two units.He was warned repeatedly that he must draw up seven clicks of Actrapid and 26 clicks of Monotard insulin to give the correct dose.He returned to clinic thirsty and polyuric with persistent 2% glycosuria at home and an afternoon random glucose concentration of 13-4 mmol/l (241 mg/100 ml).He had, in fact, been injecting himself with the correct 14 units of Actrapid but only 26 units of Monotard, which he was carefully reading off the syringe with his new glasses.The audible clicks seemed superfluous and he was given standard disposable 1 ml 100 unit insulin syringes instead.It is fortunate that he did not try to inject 52 clicks of insulin.
Heart tissue generated from human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Human heart tissue that contains blood vessels and beats spontaneously has been generated from human embryonic stem cells, according to a recent report in Circulation Research (2007 Jan 11, doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000257776.05673.ff). 

A team at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa put together a combination of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells produced from human embryonic stem cells with fibroblasts isolated from mouse embryos to produce highly vascularised tissue. They used a biodegradable polymer …
The “High” Risk of Energy Drinks
Authors: Amelia M. Arria
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In vitro fertilization: a potential means for toxicity testing
Authors: Benjamin G. Brackett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Uses and potential uses of in vitro fertilization are: (1) a research tool for investigating biochemistry of fertilization, (2) an assay for fertilizing ability, (3) a potentially useful clinical approach for certain cases of infertility, and (4) a potentially useful means for improving animal breeding. In vitro fertilization methodology is sufficiently advanced for gametes of several mammalian species, especially mouse, rabbit, and rat, for use in evaluating effects imposed by toxic agents of environmental or genetic origin. Alteration of the normal events of fertilization and/or embryonic development following transfer of in vitro fertilized embryos into surrogate dams can serve as end point(s) in applying this means for toxicity testing. In vitro fertilization of mouse and rat ova has been explored as an alternative to in vivo fertilization in male contraceptive development studies. Original observations on toxicity of abnormal O(2) concentrations for rabbit fertilization in vitro are reported here. Ova were fertilized under 0, 20, 48, and 95% O(2), but toxicity from the extreme conditions, 0 and 95% was apparent from comparison of proportions of fertilized ova reaching the 4-cell stage during the 24-hr incubation. Toxicity was further evidenced by inability of embryos fertilized under 0 and 95% O(2) tensions, in contrast to those fertilized under 20% O(2), to sustain normal gestation following their transfer into recipient does. Recent success in the fertilization of cow ova in vitro in this laboratory provides encouragement to develop a useful means for testing normalcy of gametes in this species. Such studies might lead to useful screening procedures for avoidance of human infertility resulting from hazardous environmental conditions.
Use of Glutethimide for Preoperative Medication in Children
Authors: Dexter R. Branch, Richard R. Pastorello
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

TN an attempt to find a more effective preoperative medication for children, one that would produce good sedation with the least amount of respiratory depression, it was decided to evaluate the combination of glutethimide (Doriden) and scopolamine with and without meperidine. For the past year at this hospital, glutethimide, in doses of 0.5 to 1.0 gm., for "hour-of-sleep" medication for patients in the elderly age group on the night before surgery, has had satisfactory results, with none of the confusion or excitement often seen with barbiturates. Matlin1 reports satisfactory results after both preoperative and postoperative administration. Scharwächter2 describes the use . . .
The adenosine hypothesis revisited: relationship between purine release and coronary flow in isolated rat heart
Authors: R. ZUCCHI, U. LIMBRUNO, R. PODDIGHE, M. MARIANI, G. RONCA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

We evaluated the adenosine hypothesis through a new approach, based on the study of the relationship between coronary flow or resistance and purine release, which is an accurate index of myocardial adenosine release. Isolated rat hearts were perfused at different work loads, in hypoxic conditions and after a short period of global ischaemia. When the results of all experiments were considered together, purine release was significantly but weakly related to coronary flow and coronary resistance (r=0.416 v coronary flow, r=0.378 v the reciprocal of coronary resistance, (p<0.01). Closer relationships were obtained within the three subgroups: the correlation coefficients increased to 0.819 and 0.835 (p<0.001) in the hearts perfused at different work loads with normal oxygen supply, to 0.701 and 0.757 (p<0.02 and p<0.01) in the hypoxic hearts, and to 0.897 and 0.978 (p<0.02 and p<0.01) in the hearts recovering from ischaemia. The relationships between purine release and coronary flow or resistance were significantly different in the three subgroups (p<0.001): at any value of purine release coronary resistance was highest during hypoxia and lowest after ischaemia, while the opposite was true for coronary flow. We suggest that the adenosine hypothesis is converted into a "weaker" statement: adenosine is involved in the adjustment between heart performance and coronary resistance but other factors contribute to the regulation of coronary flow, and/or affect the response to adenosine.
Apelin Has In Vivo Inotropic Effects on Normal and Failing Hearts
Authors: Mark F. Berry, Timothy J. Pirolli, Vasant Jayasankar, Jeffrey Burdick, Kevin J. Morine, Timothy J. Gardner, Y. Joseph Woo
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Apelin has been shown ex vivo to be a potent cardiac inotrope. This study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo effects of apelin on cardiac function in native and ischemic cardiomyopathic rat hearts using a novel combination of a perivascular flow probe and a conductance catheter.Native rats (n =32) and rats in heart failure 6 weeks after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (n =22) underwent median sternotomy with placement of a perivascular flow probe around the ascending aorta and a pressure volume conductance catheter into the left ventricle. Compared with sham-operated rats, the ligated rats had significantly decreased baseline Pmax and max dP/dt. Continuous infusion of apelin at a rate of 0.01 microg/min for 20 minutes significantly increased Pmax and max dP/dt compared with infusion of vehicle alone in both native and failing hearts. Apelin infusion increased cardiac contractility, indicated by a significant increase in stroke volume (SV) without a change in left ventricular end diastolic volume (102+/-16% change from initial SV versus 26+/-20% for native animals, and 110+/-30% versus 26+/-11% for ligated animals), as well as an increase in preload recruitable stroke work (180+/-24 mm Hg versus 107+/-9 mm Hg for native animals).The present study is the first to show that apelin has positive inotropic effects in vivo in both normal rat hearts and rat hearts in failure after myocardial infarction. Apelin may have use as an acute inotropic agent in patients with ischemic heart failure.
Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma: treatment with argon laser
Authors: D. KOPERA, J. SMOLLE, H. KERL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma mainly affects middle‐aged women, and usually presents as grouped reddish‐brown papules. Hislopathological features include the presence of multinucleate cells in the reticular dermis, and numerous dilated dermal vessels. The lesions are benign, and may persist for years. Treatment is needed for cosmetic reasons. We report the successful use of the argon laser to treat two patients who had multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma.
Time for change
Authors: M A Branthwaite
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Taking the final step: changing the law on euthanasia and physician assisted suicide Doctors in the United Kingdom can accompany their patients every step of the way, up until the last.The law stops them helping their patients take the final step, even if that is the patient's fervent wish.Next month's debate in the House of Lords could begin the process of changing the law.To help doctors decide where they stand we publish a range of opinions Time for change M A BranthwaiteTwo widely publicised medicolegal cases in the United Kingdom 1 2 have prompted renewed debate about the moral and legal validity of providing assistance to die (box 1). 3 The debate has been fuelled by publication of the report of a House of Lords select committee set up to consider the Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill 4 and final determination by the US courts that hydration and nutrition could lawfully be withdrawn from a patient in a persistent vegetative state. 5 6
“Lost boys of Sudan” have emotional problems
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A group of young unaccompanied Sudanese refugees settling in the United States have generally done well. But some are showing behavioural and emotional problems in their personal and home lives, a study published this week has found ( Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2005;159: 585-91).

Living in an institution or being alone in a US foster family, without any of their relatives or fellow refugees, increased the risk of prolonged psychological distress.

The study followed up the refugees, a group of unaccompanied minors from a Kenyan refugee camp, called the “lost boys of Sudan” by the media, who were resettled in the …