tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High-Pressure Injection Injury
Authors: Ronald J. O'Reilly
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ACCIDENTAL high-pressure paint-, oil-, or grease-gun injection is a known serious soft-tissue injury that requires prompt and specialized therapy.<sup>1-7</sup>This article describes a newly recognized and previously unreported high-pressure injection injury associated with the enhanced recovery process of the petroleum industry. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 25-year-old man sought aid because of a high-pressure injection injury to the left hand, of several hours' duration. The patient was at work on an oil rig, where he was passing a hose for forced pumping of a well. The hose contained mud, graphite, and seawater at 71 kg/sq cm (1,000 lb/sq in) pressure. A small defect occurred in the hose beneath the patient's left hand with injection at the base of the middle finger. Physical examination showed a puncture wound at the proximal flexor crease of the middle finger. The wound was stained dark gray around the edges. There was fusiform swelling
THE EFFECTS OF SALINE CATHARTICS IN CONDITIONS OF DEHYDRATION
Authors: FRANK P. UNDERHILL
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Numerous investigations within recent years have demonstrated the importance of changes in blood concentration in various experimental and clinical conditions. It has been shown, 1 for example, that the saline purgatives produce their characteristic effect, in large measure at least, by withdrawing fluid from the blood. In view of the extensive use of saline purgatives, it is desirable to have knowledge of their effects on blood concentration in conditions associated with water deprivation. The present communication outlines the results of such an investigation.  INFLUENCE OF SALINE PURGATIVES IN A CONDITION OF WATER DEPRIVATION  Methods.  —Normal adult female dogs were maintained without food and water during the period of experimentation. After periods of from seven to nine days, these animals were given, by stomach tube, doses of either potassium and sodium tartrate (Rochelle salt), sodium sulphate (Glauber's salt) or magnesium sulphate (Epsom salt). Hemoglobin estimations were made by the method of
Changing the research criteria for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: obstacles and opportunities
Authors: Daniela Berg, Anthony E Lang, Ronald B Postuma, Walter Maetzler, Guenther Deuschl, Thomas Gasser, Andrew Siderowf, Anthony H Schapira, Wolfgang Oertel, José A Obeso, C Warren Olanow, Werner Poewe, Matthew Stern
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2013)
Prospective Analysis of Traffic Exposure as a Risk Factor for Incident Coronary Heart Disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Haidong Kan, Gerardo Heiss, Kathryn M. Rose, Eric A. Whitsel, Fred Lurmann, Stephanie J. London
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

For people living close to busy roads, traffic is a major source of air pollution. Few prospective data have been published on the effects of long-term exposure to traffic on the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD).In this article, we examined the association between long-term traffic exposure and incidence of fatal and nonfatal CHD in a population-based prospective cohort study.We studied 13,309 middle-age men and women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, without previous CHD at enrollment, from 1987 to 1989 in four U.S. communities. Geographic information system-mapped traffic density and distance to major roads served as measures of traffic exposure. We examined the association between traffic exposure and incident CHD using proportional hazards regression models, with adjustment for background air pollution and a wide range of individual cardiovascular risk factors.Over an average of 13 years of follow-up, 976 subjects developed CHD. Relative to those in the lowest quartile of traffic density, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) in the highest quartile was 1.32 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.65; p-value for trend across quartiles = 0.042]. When we treated traffic density as a continuous variable, the adjusted HR per one unit increase of log-transformed density was 1.03 (95% CI, 1.01-1.05; p = 0.006). For residents living within 300 m of major roads compared with those living farther away, the adjusted HR was 1.12 (95% CI, 0.95-1.32; p = 0.189). We found little evidence of effect modification for sex, smoking status, obesity, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, hypertension, age, or education.Higher long-term exposure to traffic is associated with incidence of CHD, independent of other risk factors. These prospective data support an effect of traffic-related air pollution on the development of CHD in middle-age persons.
Dietary Vitamin A Intake and Risk for Hip Fracture
Authors: Gunner Sigurdsson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters7 September 1999Dietary Vitamin A Intake and Risk for Hip FractureGunner Sigurdsson, MDGunner Sigurdsson, MDReykjavík Hospital, University of Iceland; 108 Reykjavík, Iceland (Sigurdsson)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-5-199909070-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest Melhus and colleagues' article on the association between vitamin A and bone mineral density and fractures (1). The authors might, however, further discuss the limitations of their study. The bone mineral density part of the study was cross-sectional and included 175 women who were 28 to 74 years of age. Univariate analysis did not show any significant association between bone mineral density and retinol intake (P > 0.2). In multivariate analysis, however, the authors found a significant association without clarifying which additional covariates made the effect of retinol significant. For example, it is well known ...Reference1. Melhus H, Michaëlsson K, Kindmark A, Bergström R, Holmberg L, Mallmin H, et al . Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:770-8. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Reykjavík Hospital, University of Iceland; 108 Reykjavík, Iceland (Sigurdsson) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoExcessive Dietary Intake of Vitamin A Is Associated with Reduced Bone Mineral Density and Increased Risk for Hip Fracture Hakan Melhus , Karl Michaelsson , Andreas Kindmark , Reinhold Bergstrom , Lars Holmberg , Hans Mallmin , Alicja Wolk , and Sverker Ljunghall Dietary Vitamin A Intake and Risk for Hip Fracture Håkan Melhus , Karl Michaëlsson , and Andreas Kindmark Metrics Cited ByVitamin A and Bone HealthCalcium from plant sources is beneficial to lowering the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean womenVitamin A and retinol intakes and the risk of fractures among participants of the Women’s Health Initiative Observational StudyOsteoporosis: the role of micronutrientsVitamin A and Bone HealthCalcium, vitamin D, and nutrition in elderly adults 7 September 1999Volume 131, Issue 5Page: 392KeywordsBone densityHip fracturesMultivariate analysisVitamin AVitamin D Issue Published: 7 September 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
The role of low pressure baroreceptors in reflex vasoconstrictor responses in man
Authors: Robert P. Zoller, Allyn L. Mark, Francois M. Abboud, Phillip G. Schmid, Donald D. Heistad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Studies were performed on 11 healthy men to evaluate the role of low pressure baroreceptors in the reflex forearm vasoconstrictor responses (plethysmography) to venous pooling produced by lower body negative pressure. Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at - 5, - 10, - 20, and - 40 mm Hg lowered central venous pressure by 42, 59, 74, and 93%, respectively, and decreased forearm vascular conductance by 24, 29, 34, and 40%, respectively. The decreases in forearm blood flow and conductance during the low levels of venous pooling (LBNP - 5 and - 10 mm Hg) occurred without significant changes in arterial pressure, arterial dP/dt. and heart rate. These results with the low levels indicate that maneuvers which decrease venous return and central venous pressure in man can influence forearm vascular tone without significant changes in the determinants of carotid and aortic baroreceptor activity. During high levels of venous pooling (LBNP - 20 and - 40 mm Hg), significant decreases in arterial pressure and dP/dt and significant increases in heart rate accompanied the further reductions in central venous pressure, forearm blood flow, and forearm vascular conductance. About 73% of the decrease in conductance during venous pooling at LBNP - 40 mm Hg, which was sufficient to decrease arterial pressure and activate high pressure baroreceptor reflexes, occurred during low levels of venous pooling at LBNP - 10 mm Hg without changes in arterial pressure. This suggests that much of the forearm vasoconstriction with the high levels of venous pooling, which were sufficient to decrease arterial pressure, may be accounted for by reflexes originating in areas other than high pressure baroreceptors. The results of these studies suggest that low pressure baroreceptors exert an important influence on forearm vascular tone during decreases in venous return and central venous pressure in man.
TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in the lysosome
Authors: Eicke Latz, Annett Schoenemeyer, Alberto Visintin, Katherine A Fitzgerald, Brian G Monks, Cathrine F Knetter, Egil Lien, Nadra J Nilsen, Terje Espevik, Douglas T Golenbock
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
Simultaneous stimulation of slow-wave sleep and growth hormone secretion by gamma-hydroxybutyrate in normal young Men.
Authors: E Van Cauter, L Plat, M B Scharf, R Leproult, S Cespedes, M L'Hermite-Balériaux, G Copinschi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The aim of this study was to investigate, in normal young men, whether gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a reliable stimulant of slow-wave (SW) sleep in normal subjects, would simultaneously enhance sleep related growth hormone (GH) secretion. Eight healthy young men participated each in four experiments involving bedtime oral administration of placebo, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 g of GHB. Polygraphic sleep recordings were performed every night, and blood samples were obtained at 15-min intervals from 2000 to 0800. GHB effects were mainly observed during the first 2 h after sleep onset. There was a doubling of GH secretion, resulting from an increase of the amplitude and the duration of the first GH pulse after sleep onset. This stimulation of GH secretion was significantly correlated to a simultaneous increase in the amount of sleep stage IV. Abrupt but transient elevations of prolactin and cortisol were also observed, but did not appear to be associated with the concomitant stimulation of SW sleep. Thyrotropin and melatonin profiles were not altered by GHB administration. These data suggest that pharmacological agents that reliably stimulate SW sleep, such as GHB, may represent a novel class of powerful GH secretagogues.
Outcomes Using Lower vs Higher Hemoglobin Thresholds for Red Blood Cell Transfusion
Authors: Jeffrey L. Carson, Paul A. Carless, Paul C. Hébert
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Is a lower vs higher hemoglobin threshold best for minimizing both red blood cell use and adverse clinical outcomes when used to trigger red blood cell transfusions in anemic patients in critical care and acute care settings?Compared with higher hemoglobin thresholds, a hemoglobin threshold of 7 or 8 g/dL is associated with fewer red blood cell units transfused without adverse associations with mortality, cardiac morbidity, functional recovery, or length of hospital stay.
Control of coronary vascular tone by nitric oxide.
Authors: M Kelm, J Schrader
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

A specific difference-spectrophotometric method was used to measure nitric oxide (NO) release into the coronary effluent perfusate of isolated, constant-flow-perfused guinea pig hearts. Authentic NO applied into the coronary circulation decreased vascular resistance dose dependently and enhanced coronary release of cyclic GMP (cGMP) fivefold. Increasing oxygen tension in aqueous solutions from 150 to 700 mm Hg decreased NO half-life (5.6 seconds) by 32%. During single passage through the intact coronary system, 86% of the infused NO was converted to nitrite ions. Oxidation of NO was more than 30 times faster within the heart than in aqueous solution. Endogenously formed NO was constantly released into the coronary effluent perfusate at a rate of 161 +/- 11 pmol/min. The NO scavenger oxyhemoglobin and methylene blue increased coronary resistance and decreased cGMP release (basal release, 342 +/- 4 fmol/min), whereas superoxide dismutase reduced coronary resistance. L-Arginine (10(-5) M) slightly decreased coronary perfusion pressure and enhanced release of cGMP. NG-Monomethyl L-arginine (10(-4) M) reduced basal release of NO and cGMP by 26% and 31%, respectively, paralleled by a coronary vasoconstriction. Bradykinin in the physiological range from 5 x 10(-11) M to 10(-7) M dilated coronary resistance vessels, which was paralleled by the release of NO and cGMP. Onset of NO release preceded onset of coronary vasodilation in all cases. Upon stimulation with bradykinin, amounts of endogenously formed NO were within the same range as the dose-response curves for exogenously applied NO both for changes in coronary resistance and cGMP release. Acetylcholine (10(-5) M), ATP (10(-5) M), and serotonin (10(-8) M) increased the rate of NO and cGMP release, resulting in coronary vasodilation. Our data suggest the following: 1) NO, the most rapidly acting vasodilator presently known, is metabolized within the heart mainly to nitrite and exhibits a half-life of only 0.1 second; 2) in the unstimulated heart, basal formation of NO may play an important role in setting the resting tone of coronary resistance vessels; 3) the kinetics and quantities of NO formation suggest that NO is causally involved in the bradykinin-induced coronary vasodilation; and 4) amounts of NO formed within the heart stimulated with ATP, acetylcholine, and serotonin are effective for vasodilation.
P02.01 * MRI ASSESSMENT OF TUMOR SIZE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH DENDRITIC CELL IMMUNOTHERAPY
Authors: V. Cuccarini, C. Schettino, D. Acquino, A. Scotti, L. Cuppini, G. Finocchiaro, M. Bruzzone, M. Eoli
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND AND AIM: RANO criteria are widely used for response assessment in brain tumor clinical trials based on cytotoxic and/or anti-angiogenic treatments. In cancer immunotherapy the induction of inflammatory responses may be relevant and careful evaluation of changes in tumor size may help discriminating therapy-driven changes from tumor progression. We compared volume measurements on post-contrast, three dimensional (3D) T1-weighted images (T1WI) with cross-sectional areas on two dimensional (2D) T1WI, according to RANO, in patients with first diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) enrolled in a phase I-II phase study based on dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy associated to the Stupp regimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 118 MRI studies from 22 adult patients with newly diagnosed GBM. The main radiological inclusion criteria was residual tumor volume 10mm) of the contrast-enhancing lesion. In 3D measurements volume was estimated by the PACS workstation software (MedStation version 4.9.902.6). Volumetric analysis was performed on isotropic high resolution 3D T1WI. the enhancing tumor was outlined in all slices excluding the cystic areas. RESULTS: 11/118 studies (9.3%) were excluded because no enhancing lesions were present. 30 of 107 remaining scans (25.4%) were evaluated for volume only because one diameter <10 mm. The median area on 2D was 547 mm2, the median volume on 3D was 577 mm3. A high correlation between the two measurements was observed in the 77 scans in which both the area and the volume were measurable (r = 0.85, p<0.0001). When looking at the difference between scans performed at two consecutive time points, no significant difference was observed in percentage variations calculated by the two methods (Wilcoxon test p = 0.49). Furthermore there was a high correlation between the percentage differences in the two measurements (r = 0.66, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that tumor cross-sectional areas on post contrast 2D T1WI are comparable to volumes on 3D T1WI. However approximately 25% of scans were lost to the 2D evaluation because they had at least a diameter less than the RANO cut off (10 mm). Thus, volumetric measurements can provide a more informative evaluation of tumor size, a feature that can be particularly useful in immunotherapy trials.
A Placenta-Specific Gene Ectopically Activated in Many Human Cancers Is Essentially Involved in Malignant Cell Processes
Authors: Michael Koslowski, Ugur Sahin, Rita Mitnacht-Kraus, Gerhard Seitz, Christoph Huber, Özlem Türeci
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The identification and functional characterization of tumor-specific genes is a prerequisite for the development of targeted cancer therapies. Using an integrated data mining and experimental validation approach for the discovery of new targets for antibody therapy of cancer, we identified PLAC1. PLAC1 is a placenta-specific gene with no detectable expression in any other normal human tissue. However, it is frequently aberrantly activated and highly expressed in a variety of tumor types, in particular breast cancer. RNAi-mediated silencing of PLAC1 in MCF-7 and BT-549 breast cancer cells profoundly impairs motility, migration, and invasion and induces a G1-S cell cycle block with nearly complete abrogation of proliferation. Knockdown of PLAC1 is associated with decreased expression of cyclin D1 and reduced phosphorylation of AKT kinase. Moreover, PLAC1 is localized on the surface of cancer cells and is accessible for antibodies which antagonize biological functions of this molecule. These features, in summary, make PLAC1 an attractive candidate for targeted immunotherapeutic approaches. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9528–34]
Toward a New U.S. Chemicals Policy: Rebuilding the Foundation to Advance New Science, Green Chemistry, and Environmental Health
Authors: Michael P. Wilson, Megan R. Schwarzman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

ObjectiveWe describe fundamental weaknesses in U.S. chemicals policy, present principles of chemicals policy reform, and articulate interdisciplinary research questions that should be addressed. With global chemical production projected to double over the next 24 years, federal policies that shape the priorities of the U.S. chemical enterprise will be a cornerstone of sustainability. To date, these policies have largely failed to adequately protect public health or the environment or motivate investment in or scientific exploration of cleaner chemical technologies, known collectively as green chemistry. On this trajectory, the United States will face growing health, environmental, and economic problems related to chemical exposures and pollution.ConclusionsExisting policies have produced a U.S. chemicals market in which the safety of chemicals for human health and the environment is undervalued relative to chemical function, price, and performance. This market barrier to green chemistry is primarily a consequence of weaknesses in the Toxic Substances Control Act. These weaknesses have produced a chemical data gap, because producers are not required to investigate and disclose sufficient information on chemicals' hazard traits to government, businesses that use chemicals, or the public; a safety gap, because government lacks the legal tools it needs to efficiently identify, prioritize, and take action to mitigate the potential health and environmental effects of hazardous chemicals; and a technology gap, because industry and government have invested only marginally in green chemistry research, development, and education. Policy reforms that close the three gaps—creating transparency and accountability in the market—are crucial for improving public and environmental health and reducing the barriers to green chemistry. The European Union's REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) regulation has opened an opportunity for the United States to take this step; doing so will present the nation with new research questions in science, policy, law, and technology.
The Mineral Waters of Brides-Les-Bains and Salins-Moutiers
Authors: P. Delastre
Journal: BMJ (1888)

incus affections of the eyes is particularly striking when the object is to prevent the endless relapses of keratitis Although the opiniioIn of a consilernable part of the medical profession is opposed to the uise of Kreuiznaclh waters in florid intlammations and ulcerationis, notlhing in my experience juistifies the laying downl of such a contrat-ind(licationi.
A NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL TEST FOR PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS: RESULTS IN 750 PATIENTS
Authors: CHARLES SHAGASS, ARTHUR L. JONES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

The sedation threshold is a determination of the amount of intravenous sodium amytal required to produce certain EEG and speech changes. This paper presents data showing the relationship between the threshold and psychiatric diagnosis in 750 consecutively tested patients. There were also 45 nonpatient control subjects. A large number of statistically significant differences between the thresholds of various diagnostic groups was demonstrated. These differences suggested the use of the threshold for several diagnostic problems, which included: a. measuring degree of manifest anxiety; b. differentiating between hysterical and obsessional personality trends; c. confirming presence of organic psychosis; d. differentiating acute from chronic schizophrenia; e. differentiating neurotic from psychotic depression; f. predicting therapeutic outcome with ECT. It was emphasized that, for clinical purposes, the threshold should be applied within the context of the total clinical picture.