tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arterial hypertension in cirrhosis: arterial compliance, volume distribution, and central haemodynamics
Authors: Jens Henrik Henriksen, Stefan Fuglsang, Flemming Bendtsen, Søren Møller
Journal: Gut (2006)

<b>Background and aim:</b> Arterial hypertension is a common disorder. Hyperkinetic circulation and reduced effective volaemia are central elements in the haemodynamic dysfunction in cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cirrhotic patients with arterial hypertension are normokinetic and normovolaemic or whether they reveal the same circulatory dysfunction as their normotensive counterparts. <b>Material and methods:</b> Thirty three patients with arterial hypertension were identified among 648 patients with cirrhosis: 14 in Child class A, 12 in class B, and seven in class C. Controls were 130 normotensive cirrhotic patients, 19 controls with normal arterial blood pressure and without liver disease, and 16 patients with essential arterial hypertension. All groups underwent haemodynamic investigation with determination of cardiac output (CO), plasma volume (PV), central blood volume (CBV), hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), hepatic blood flow (HBF), arterial compliance (AC), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in the supine position. <b>Results:</b> Liver function, as evaluated by galactose elimination capacity, indocyanine green clearance, HBF, and Child score, was significantly better in hypertensive cirrhotics than in their normotensive counterparts (p&lt;0.05–0.01) but portal pressure was similar (HVPG 13 <i>v</i> 15 mm Hg; NS). AC was significantly lower and normal in the arterial hypertensive cirrhotic group (1.07 <i>v</i> 1.39 mm Hg/ml; p&lt;0.02) and SVR was significantly higher and normal (1475 <i>v</i> 1020 dyn×s/cm<sup>5</sup>; p&lt;0.01). Arterial hypertensive cirrhotic patients were hyperdynamic (CO 6.80 <i>v</i> 7.14 l/min; NS) and central hypovolaemic (CBV 19.8 <i>v</i> 20.6 ml/kg; NS), as were normotensive patients, but differences were found in relation to arterial blood pressure. Whereas arterial pressure was inversely correlated with CO, PV, and Child score in the normotensive group (p&lt; 0.01), the same correlations were either direct or insignificant in arterial hypertensive cirrhotics. <b>Conclusion:</b> Arterial hypertensive cirrhotic patients are hyperkinetic and central hypovolaemic, in common with their normotensive counterparts, but vasodilatation is reduced and regulation of arterial blood pressure may be less deranged.
The Role of p53 in Suppression of KSHV Cyclin-induced Lymphomagenesis
Authors: Emmy W. Verschuren, J. Graeme Hodgson, Joe W. Gray, Scott Kogan, Nic Jones, Gerard I. Evan
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes a cyclin D homolog, K cyclin, that is thought to promote viral oncogenesis. However, expression of K cyclin in cultured cells not only triggers cell cycle progression but also engages the p53 tumor suppressor pathway, which probably restricts the oncogenic potential of K cyclin. Therefore, to assess the tumorigenic properties of K cyclin in vivo, we transgenically targeted expression of K cyclin to the B and T lymphocyte compartments via the E micro promoter/enhancer. Around 17% of E micro -K cyclin animals develop lymphoma by 9 months of age, and all such lymphomas exhibit loss of p53. A critical role of p53 in suppressing K cyclin-induced lymphomagenesis was confirmed by the greatly accelerated onset of B and T lymphomagenesis in all E micro -K cyclin/p53(-/-) mice. However, absence of p53 did not appear to accelerate K cyclin-induced lymphomagenesis by averting apoptosis: E micro -K cyclin/p53(-/-) end-stage lymphomas contained abundant apoptotic cells, and transgenic E micro -K cyclin/p53(-/-) lymphocytes in vitro were not measurably protected from DNA damage-induced apoptosis compared with E micro -K cyclin/p53(wt) cells. Notably, whereas aneuploidy was frequently evident in pre-lymphomatous tissues, end-stage E micro -K cyclin/p53(-/-) tumors showed a near-diploid DNA content with no aberrant centrosome numbers. Nonetheless, such tumor cells did harbor more restricted genomic alterations, such as single-copy chromosome losses or gains or high-level amplifications. Together, our data support a model in which K cyclin-induced genome instability arises early in the pre-tumorigenic lymphocyte population and that loss of p53 licenses subsequent expansion of tumorigenic clones.
TARGETING OF IODINE-123-LABELLED TUMOUR-ASSOCIATED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO OVARIAN, BREAST, AND GASTROINTESTINAL TUMOURS
Authors: A.A. Epenetos, S. Mather, M. Granowska, C.C. Nimmon, L.R. Hawkins, K.E. Britton, J. Shepherd, J. Taylor-Papadimitriou, H. Durbin, J.S. Malpas, W.F. Bodmer
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
Graffiti, greenery, and obesity in adults: secondary analysis of European cross sectional survey
Authors: Anne Ellaway, Sally Macintyre, Xavier Bonnefoy
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Obesity levels are high and increasing worldwide. Being overweight is linked with increased death rates and contributes to a wide range of conditions, including ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, certain cancers, and diseases of the gall bladder.1 The principal cause of obesity is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. And there is growing recognition that, independently of individual characteristics, place of residence may be associated with health outcomes, including body size2 and health related behaviours, such as level of physical exercise.3

Few studies have explored which features of the local neighbourhood might be related to these outcomes or behaviours, although perceived attractiveness has been found to be related to levels of physical activity.4 Levels of incivilities, such as litter and graffiti, are associated with poorer health outcomes such as general wellbeing but not, to our knowledge, with levels of physical activity. Few studies use …
Association Between Renal Failure and Foot Ulcer or Lower-Extremity Amputation in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: David J. Margolis, Ole Hofstad, Harold I. Feldman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between foot ulcers (DFU) and lower-extremity amputation (LEA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes. RESARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of individuals enrolled between 2002 and 2006 who were aged > or =35 years, had a history of diabetes, and were cared for in general practice. The physicians participated in The Health Information Network of the U.K.The presence of DFU or LEA and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated in 90,617 individuals with a median time of observation of 2.4 years. Of these individuals 378 had an LEA and 2,619 had a DFU. CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) was noted in 23,350 (26%) individuals in our cohort. For the development of DFU compared with our reference group (group 1 [eGFR > or =60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)]), the hazard ratio (HR) for group 2 (eGFR > or =30 and <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) was 1.85 (95% CI 1.71-2.01) and for group 3 (eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) was 3.92 (3.23-4.75) (all P < 0.001). For LEA, the HR for group 2 was 2.08 (1.68-2.58) and for group 3 was 7.71 (5.29-11.26) (all P < 0.001).In this observational study, there is a strong association between stage of CKD and DFU or LEA that is probably not just related to the presence of peripheral arterial disease. Individuals with even moderate CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) have an increased risk for DFU and LEA.
Deficient autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in Kaposi's sarcoma associated with deficiency of Leu-3+ responder T cells.
Authors: S Gupta, B Safai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) and T cell subsets defined with monoclonal antibodies were analyzed in the peripheral blood of homosexual males with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). All seven patients demonstrated decreased AMLR (P less than 0.001) when compared with age- and sex-matched simultaneously studied controls. These patients also showed decreased proportions of Leu-3+ (helper/inducer phenotype) and an increase in the proportion of Leu-2+ (suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype) T cells. Leu-3+ T cells were purified from two patients by depleting Leu-2+ T cells in complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Leu-3+ T cells from both patients demonstrated poor proliferative response in the AMLR. In allogeneic MLR, patients' T cells were poor responders and their non-T cells were poor stimulators against healthy controls. This study demonstrates deficiency of both AMLR and allogeneic MLR in patients with KS. The decreased AMLR is associated with qualitative and functional deficiency of Leu-3+ responder T cells. Whether the functional deficiency of Leu-3+ responder T cells in the AMLR is a general phenomena or a feature of a subset of patients with KS remains to be determined.
George Suter Williamson, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C).
Authors: R. Roy Forsey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article George Suter Williamson, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C). Get access R. Roy Forsey R. Roy Forsey Hitorian, Canadian Dermatological Association Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 7, 1 July 1966, Pages 416–417, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12238.x Published: 01 July 1966
Feasibility, accuracy, and clinical effect of point-of-care Xpert MTB/RIF testing for tuberculosis in primary-care settings in Africa: a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Grant Theron, Lynn Zijenah, Duncan Chanda, Petra Clowes, Andrea Rachow, Maia Lesosky, Wilbert Bara, Stanley Mungofa, Madhukar Pai, Michael Hoelscher, David Dowdy, Alex Pym, Peter Mwaba, Peter Mason, Jonny Peter, Keertan Dheda
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Reduced vitamin D levels are associated with autoimmune response in tuberculosis patients: Figure 1
Authors: Wenli Li, Rui Zhang, Kuo Zhang, Liqiong Song, Ping H Hong, Yuan Zhang, Jiehong Xie, Lunan Wang, Jinming Li
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

A recent report found that vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased autoimmune response in healthy individuals and systemic lupus erythematosus patients.In addition, a potential mechanism about the role of vitamin D in B cell hyperactivity and autoantibody production had been proposed.1 However, increased autoimmune response and autoantibody production can also be observed in several other diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). Accumulating evidences demonstrate that TB patients have high titres of a variety of autoantibodies.2,–,4 Our research sought to investigate whether a …
Prediction of multivessel disease after inferior myocardial infarction.
Authors: B R Chaitman, D D Waters, F Corbara, M G Bourassa
Journal: Circulation (1978)

We correlated clinical parameters with angiographic findings in 108 men with a previous isolated inferior myocardial infarction, to determine if these parameters could predict accurately which patients had multivessel disease. Of 71 men in angina class 2-3, 42 had three vessel disease versus only seven of the 37 who were either asymptomatic or angina class 1 (P less than 0.001). Multivessel disease was present in 35 of the 36 who had anterior ST-T abnormalities at rest (P less than 0.001) and 16 of the 17 with cardiomegaly. Among men 55 years and older, the incidence of multivessel disease was 94% compared to 70% in men less than 55 (P less than 0.03). We conclude that functional angina class, age, and the presence of resting anterior ST and T abnormalities are highly predictive of associated left system disease in survivors of inferior infarction.
Plasma exchange in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Michael Meurer, O. Braun-Falco
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Journal Article Plasma exchange in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris Get access Michael Meurer, Michael Meurer Dermatologischen‐Universitäts‐Klinik, Frauenlobstrasse 9, 8 München 2, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Braun‐Falco O. Braun‐Falco Dermatologischen‐Universitäts‐Klinik, Frauenlobstrasse 9, 8 München 2, West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 100, Issue 2, 1 February 1979, Pages 231–232, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb05571.x Published: 01 February 1979
The effect of stimulation on the myoelectrical activity of the rectosigmoid in man
Authors: I. Taylor, H. L. Duthie, R. Smallwood, B. H. Brown, D. Linkens
Journal: Gut (1974)

The myoelectrical activity of the rectosigmoid has been studied in 66 subjects at rest and after stimulation with either pentagastrin 6.0 mug/kg hr intravenously in 21 cases, neostigmine 0.5 mg intramuscularly in 20 cases, or two bisacodyl suppositories in 19 cases. Two electrical rhythms were present at rest. A faster rhythm (frequency 6-9 cycles/min) predominated and its incidence was significantly increased by neostigmine at all levels in the rectosigmoid and by bisacodyl in the rectum only. The incidence of the slower rhythm (frequency 2.5-4.0 cycles/min) was significantly increased by pentagastrin which had no effect on the faster rhythm. The amplitude of each basic electrical rhythm rose when its incidence was increased. Motor waves were augmented corresponding to which of the two electrical rhythms was increased after stimulation.
Cocaine-induced Churg-Strauss vasculitis
Authors: R Orriols, X Munoz, J Ferrer, P Huget, F Morell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

A freebase cocaine-smoking woman developed relapsing fever, bronchoconstriction, arthralgias and weight loss. Pulmonary infiltrates, arthritis, microhaematuria, pruriginous skin rash and mononeuritis multiplex were later added to the clinical picture. Both skin and muscle biopsies showed eosinophilic angiitis. Improvement or worsening of her clinical picture repeatedly coincided with avoidance or use of smoked cocaine, respectively. We suggest that Churg-Strauss vasculitis may be a complication of smoking freebase cocaine.
Comparison of invasive and noninvasive saturation monitoring in prescribing oxygen during exercise in COPD patients
Authors: M Carone, A Patessio, L Appendini, A Purro, E Czernicka, S Zanaboni, CF Donner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

The aim of this study was to determine whether it is possible using ear-oximetry to prescribe the correct oxygen flow rates during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients on long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). Twenty COPD patients on LTOT, with exercise desaturation breathing oxygen at resting flow rates, performed a series of 6-min treadmill walking tests, with a progressive increase in oxygen flows until oxygen saturation measured by ear- or pulse-oximetry (Sp,O2) was above 90%. The exercise studies were repeated the next day, saturation being measured both noninvasively by ear-oximetry (Sp,O2) and invasively by CO-oximeter (Sa,O2). The exercise studies continued until both Sa,O2 and Sp,O2 were above 90%. Reproducibility and agreement of the results were analysed according to Bland and Altman. Sp,O2 was significantly lower than Sa,O2 by, on average, 0.7% (p < 0.004). Sp,O2 reproducibility between the two days was good. The invasive and noninvasive oxygen flow prescriptions agreed in only 10 subjects; in six subjects ear-oximetry over-estimated the oxygen supply (p < 0.0005), whilst in four subjects it underestimated (p < 0.01). Contingency table analysis with coded raw data for the values of the sixth minute (that of the deepest desaturation) showed poor agreement between CO- and pulse-oximetry (Chi-squared p < 0.003). However, theoretically, if the Sp,O2 target had been raised to 93%, there would have been hardly any underestimations of Sa,O2 p = NS). We concluded that noninvasive measurement of oxygen saturation is not adequate for estimating arterial saturation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We suggest, as a working solution, that a new cut-off limit of 93% oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry should be used as the value below which exercise-induced desaturation should be corrected in order to allow oxygen to be properly prescribed during activities of daily life.
Occupational exposures and COPD: an ecological analysis of international data
Authors: P. D. Blanc, A. M. B. Menezes, E. Plana, D. M. Mannino, P. C. Hallal, K. Toren, M. D. Eisner, J-P. Zock
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The occupational contribution to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has yet to be put in a global perspective. In the present study, an ecological approach to this question was used, analysing group-level data from 90 sex-specific strata from 45 sites of the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study, the Latin American Project for the Investigation of Obstructive Lung Disease and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey follow-up. These data were used to study the association between occupational exposures and COPD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage II or above. Regression analysis of the sex-specific group-level prevalence rates of COPD at each site against the prevalence of occupational exposure and ever-smoking was performed, taking into account mean smoking pack-yrs and mean age by site, sex, study cohort and sample size. For the entire data set, the prevalence of exposures predicted COPD prevalence (0.8% increase in COPD prevalence per 10% increase in exposure prevalence). By comparison, for every 10% increase in the proportion of the ever-smoking population, the prevalence of COPD GOLD stage II or above increased by 1.3%. Given the observed median population COPD prevalence of 3.4%, the model predicted that a 20% relative reduction in the disease burden ( i.e. to a COPD prevalence of 2.7%) could be achieved by a 5.4% reduction in overall smoking rates or an 8.8% reduction in the prevalence of occupational exposures. When the data set was analysed by sex-specific site data, among males, the occupational effect was a 0.8% COPD prevalence increase per 10% change in exposure prevalence; among females, a 1.0% increase in COPD per 10% change in exposure prevalence was observed. Within the limitations of an ecological analysis, these findings support a worldwide association between dusty trades and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for both females and males, placing this within the context of the dominant role of cigarette smoking in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causation.
Increased Survival following Tumorigenesis in Ts65Dn Mice That Model Down Syndrome
Authors: Annan Yang, Roger H. Reeves
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Epidemiologic results tend to suggest that adults with Down syndrome have a reduced incidence of cancer, but some studies have reached the opposite conclusion. In this study, we offer direct biological evidence in support of the notion that Down syndrome reduces incidence of multiple types of cancer. Previous studies showed that introduction of the ApcMin mutation into the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome by interbreeding caused formation of intestinal adenomas at a significantly reduced incidence compared with control (euploid) animals that did not have trisomy. To a large degree, this reduction was determined to reflect an increased dosage of the Ets2 tumor repressor gene due to trisomy. Studies of tumor grafts using Ts65Dn suggested angiogenesis as a mechanism that mediated reduced tumor growth, metastasis, and mortality in individuals with Down syndrome. To confirm and extend these findings, we employed the complex cancer mouse model NPcis, which is heterozygous for the Trp53 and Nf1 genes and through LOH develops lymphomas, sarcomas, or carcinomas with 100% penetrance. In this aggressive model, trisomy did not prevent cancer, but it nevertheless extended host survival relative to euploid littermates. However, protection in this case was not attributable to either Ets2 dosage or to reduced angiogenesis. Together, our findings indicate that the genetic complexity underlying Down syndrome supports multiple mechanisms that contribute to reduced mortality from cancer. Cancer Res; 71(10); 3573–81. ©2011 AACR.
The metabolic effect of antenatal corticosteroid therapy
Authors: O. Ogueh
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2000)

The use of antenatal dexamethasone to mature the fetal lung in pregnancies likely to deliver before 34 weeks is almost universal. It reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn and results in an overall improvement in neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although considered to be generally safe, there are concerns about adverse maternal and fetal effects. In a series of studies, we have found that antenatal dexamethasone administration is associated with reduced placental hormone production and maternal bone formation, impaired glucose tolerance and altered function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. In this article, we have compared our data with other reports in the human and reviewed the relevant animal data. We conclude that further studies on the long-term effects of antenatal dexamethasone therapy in the human are warranted with particular emphasis on the long-term effects on the fetus.
An abnormality of the gene that encodes neutrophil Fc receptor III in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: M R Clark, L Liu, S B Clarkson, P A Ory, I M Goldstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

In the course of examining the structure and function of Fc receptors on peripheral blood cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, we identified a patient whose neutrophils did not react with either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies to Fc receptor III. However, neutrophils from the patient were comparable to neutrophils from healthy controls with respect to their expression of Fc receptor II, complement receptor 1, complement receptor 3, and the phosphatidylinositol-linked, complement regulatory protein, decay-accelerating factor. The abnormality of expression of Fc receptor III was limited to the patient's neutrophils (her natural killer cells reacted normally with anti-Fc receptor III antibodies), and was associated with abnormal recognition and binding of IgG-coated erythrocytes. Analysis of genomic DNA revealed evidence that failure of the patient's neutrophils to express Fc receptor III was most likely due to an abnormality of the gene that encodes this receptor.
GDF5 Polymorphism associated with osteoarthritis: risk for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A Martinez, J Varade, J R Lamas, M Fernandez-Arquero, J A Jover, E G de la Concha, B Fernandez-Gutierrez, E Urcelay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) shares some features with osteoarthritis (OA); in terms of synoviocyte activation, synovial hyperplasia and release of proinflammatory cytokines in the synovial fluid, OA seems a quantitatively dampened down variant of RA rather than a totally different entity.1 Moreover, lesions of deep cartilage and subchondral bone have been identified in RA prior to other defects.2

Recently, an association of a functional GDF5 polymorphism with OA was reported.3 GDF5 (growth differentiation factor 5) is a secreted prochondrogenic growth factor detected in regions of future joints during early development. Mutations in mouse and human GDF5 cause defective joints,4 several skeletal dysplasias have been described. RA pathogenesis was speculated to involve an attempt to recapitulate the embryonic limb development programme.5 We hypothesise that RA may share with OA an …
Arginine uptake is attenuated through modulation of cationic amino-acid transporter-1, in uremic rats
Authors: I.F. Schwartz, R. Ayalon, T. Chernichovski, R. Reshef, G. Chernin, T. Weinstein, A. Litvak, Y. Levo, D. Schwartz
Journal: Kidney International (2006)