tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica—a new cutaneous marker of malignancy
Authors: A. BAZEX, A. GRIFFITHS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

The historical background and the main clinical features of a specific paraneoplastic dermatosis, acrokeratosis paraneoplastica, are reviewed. Typical features are erythematous scaly lesions on the extremities, ears and bridge of the nose, associated with a malignancy, most frequently in the laryngo-pharyngeal region.
Emergency Vagotomy and Pyloroplasty for Perforated Duodenal Ulcer: Study of 73 Cases
Authors: M. G. Machayya
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Seventy-three unselected patients with perforated duodenal ulcer were treated by vagotomy and pyloroplasty in a six-year period. Postoperative complications were commoner when the operation was carried out after more than six hours after perforation. The follow-up results were similar to those for elective vagotomy and pyloroplasty carried out in the hospital during the past nine years.
THE INFLUENCE OF CORTISONE ON EXPERIMENTAL VIRAL INFECTION
Authors: Edwin D. Kilbourne
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Cortisone is a highly potent inhibitor of influenza virus synthesis in the chick embryo, inducing manifest inhibition in doses of 0.1 to 1.0 microg/egg. Inhibition of viral synthesis is only temporarily manifest. As infection continues, the negation by cortisone of the self-limiting effects of viral autointerference obscures the coincident cortisone effect on synthesis. The inhibitory effect of cortisone may be induced late in the course of viral multiplication, after conclusion of the latent period. It is proposed that inhibition of viral synthesis with cortisone is a corollary of the steroid's inhibitory effects on growth and protein synthesis of the infected host. The role of adrenal corticoids in the regulation of infection with obligate intracellular parasites deserves continued investigation.
Pharmacokinetics of toxic chemicals in breast milk: use of PBPK models to predict infant exposure.
Authors: Rebecca A Clewell, Jeffery M Gearhart
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Factors controlling the transfer of potentially toxic chemicals in the breast milk of nursing mothers include both chemical characteristics, such as lipophilicity, and physiologic changes during lactation. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can aid in the prediction of infant exposure via breast milk. Benefits of these quantitative models include the ability to account for changing maternal physiology and transfer kinetics, as well as the chemical-specific characteristics, in order to produce more accurate estimates of neonatal risk. A recently developed PBPK model for perchlorate and iodide kinetics in the lactating and neonatal rat demonstrates the utility of PBPK modeling in predicting maternal and neonatal distribution of these two compounds. This model incorporates time-dependent changes in physiologic characteristics and includes interactions between iodide and perchlorate that alter the distribution and kinetics of iodide.
Forty Years On
Authors: S. Brook
Journal: BMJ (1955)

<h3>Abstract</h3> HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain prevalent despite implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Development of HAND is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the brain; therefore, upregulation of antioxidant defenses is critical to curtail neuronal damage. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme essential for maintaining cellular viability. We hypothesized that SOD2 was upregulated during retroviral infection. Using a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaque model of HIV, quantitative PCR showed elevated <i>SOD2</i> mRNA in cortical gray (GM, 7.6-fold for SIV vs. uninfected) and white matter (WM, 77-fold for SIV vs. uninfected) during SIV infection. Further, SOD2 immunostaining was enhanced in GM and WM from SIV-infected animals. Double immunofluorescence labeling illustrated that SOD2 primarily co-localized with astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in SIV-infected animals. Interestingly, in ART-treated SIV-infected animals, brain <i>SOD2</i> RNA levels were similar to uninfected animals. Additionally, using principal component analysis in a transcriptomic approach, <i>SOD2</i> and <i>GFAP</i> expression separated SIV-infected from uninfected brain tissue. Projection of these data into a HIV dataset revealed similar expression changes, thereby validating the clinical relevance. Together, our findings suggest that novel SOD2-enhancing therapies may delay the onset or reduce severity of HAND seen in ART-treated HIV-infected patients.
STUDIES IN EXPERIMENTAL EXTRACORPOREAL THROMBOSIS
Authors: Walter R. Johnson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

As the result of these modifications, many of which in themselves may appear trifling, the course of events in the extracorporeal loop is greatly affected. White thrombi, it is true, are laid down in from 10 to 20 minutes, but the formation of fibrin sufficient to cause obstruction is prevented for 3 hours or more. Thus, the observations in normal animals tend to approach those described in Paper III, after the use of anticoagulants such as heparin and hirudine. The new technic offers certain advantages in the study of the details of the early stages of thrombosis.
Frequency of provoked coronary arterial spasm in 1089 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography.
Authors: M E Bertrand, J M LaBlanche, P Y Tilmant, F A Thieuleux, M R Delforge, A G Carre, P Asseman, B Berzin, C Libersa, J M Laurent
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We established the incidence of coronary artery spasm provoked by 0.4 mg of methergine in 1089 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography. The test was performed after routine coronary arteriography. Subjects included patients with angina, both typical and atypical, patients who had recently had myocardial infarction and patients with either valvular disease or congestive cardiomyopathy. Patients with spontaneous spasm, left main narrowing or severe three-vessel disease were excluded. One hundred thirty-four patients experienced focal spasm. Focal spasm was uncommon in patients with atypical precordial pain (1.2%), angina of effort (4.3%), valvular disease (1.95%) or cardiomyopathy (0%). It occurred most often in patients with angina at rest and less often in patients with angina both at rest and induced by exercise. Spasm was provoked in 20% of patients with recent transmural infarction, but in only 6.2% of patients studied later after infarction. Spasm was superimposed on fixed atherosclerotic lesions in 60% of the patients. No serious complications were encountered. Although the patients who underwent provocation tests in this study are not representative of all patients with coronary artery disease, spasm occurred in 20% of patients who experienced a coronary event and in 15% of patients who complained of chest pain.
Masters of Madness: Social Origins of the American Psychiatric Profession
Authors: Ralph Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Here is an easily read medical history that combines scholarship with good style to recount the beginnings of the American Psychiatric Association. Implicitly,<i>Masters of Madness</i>offers insight into a pressing medical problem faced by many contemporary physicians: how, when faced with an uninformed public, to introduce a new medical technology. In<i>Masters of Madness</i>the new medical technology was the European development of "moral therapy" (the process) combined with the American concept of the "asylum" (the structure). For the 13 physicians who banded together in 1844 to form the first national medical society, the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Association Institutions of the Insane, this new technology was<i>the</i>answer to mental illness, while simultaneously promising an outstanding professionalism for emerging American psychiatry. Although much attention is given to committees, the author attempts to enliven the tale with details of the personalities of the original 13. Despite their
Task force IV: Economic trends affecting adult cardiology
Authors: Richard O. Russell, Margaret M. Beahrs, Jack L. Davis, Irene H. Butter, Walter H. Caulfield, Richard D. Judge, Peter R. Mahrer, Henry D. McIntosh, Nancy J. Merrick, R.Joe Noble, William Y. Rial, Arnold M. Weissler, Victor M. Zink
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
A Culture-Independent Sequence-Based Metagenomics Approach to the Investigation of an Outbreak of Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli O104:H4
Authors: Nicholas J. Loman, Chrystala Constantinidou, Martin Christner, Holger Rohde, Jacqueline Z.-M. Chan, Joshua Quick, Jacqueline C. Weir, Christopher Quince, Geoffrey P. Smith, Jason R. Betley, Martin Aepfelbacher, Mark J. Pallen
Journal: JAMA (2013)

HE OUTBREAK OF SHIGA-TOXIgenic Escherichia coli (STEC), which struck Germany in May-June 2011, illustrated the effects of a bacterial epidemic on a wealthy, modern, industrialized society, with more than 3000 cases and more than 50 deaths. 1During an outbreak, rapid and accurate pathogen identification and characterization is essential for the management of individual cases and of an entire outbreak.Traditionally, clinical bacteriology has relied primarily on laboratory isolation of bacteria in pure culture as a prerequisite to identification and characterization of an outbreak strain.Often, however, in vitro culture proves slow, difficult, or even impossible, and recognition of an out-See also pp
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib interacts synergistically with the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid to induce T-leukemia/lymphoma cells apoptosis
Authors: Q-L Zhang, L Wang, Y-W Zhang, X-X Jiang, F Yang, W-L Wu, A Janin, Z Chen, Z-X Shen, S-J Chen, W-L Zhao
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
916-88 Simultaneous Measurement of Left Ventricular Volume and Parasympathetic Activity During Head-up Tilt in Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: Bonpei Takase, Tomoo Nagai, Akira Kurita, Sinji Nakao, Hideki Mitani, Ritusi Kato, Hiroyuki Hikita, Koh Arakawa, Haruo Nakamura, Humio Oti, Yoiti Kondo, Sigenobu Isigami
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
P1281 GENERATION AND PERFORMANCE OF VALUE-BASED OUTCOME INDICATORS IN LIVER DISEASE: THE MULTICENTER V.B.M.H. STUDY
Authors: M. Rota, S. Okolicsanyi, A. Ciaccio, M. Gemma, M. Gentiluomo, A. Grisolia, P.A. Cortesi, L. Scalone, L. Mantovani, G. Cesana, M.G. Valsecchi, P. Pontisso, M.U. Mondelli, G. Marchesini, L. Fabris, V. Mazzaferro, P. Burra, M. Colledan, S. Fagiuoli, L.S. Belli, M. Strazzabosco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Secondary autoimmune diseases occurring after HSCT for an autoimmune disease: a retrospective study of the EBMT Autoimmune Disease Working Party
Authors: Thomas Daikeler, Myriam Labopin, Massimo Di Gioia, Mario Abinun, Tobias Alexander, Irene Miniati, Francesca Gualandi, Athanasios Fassas, Thierry Martin, Carl Philipp Schwarze, Nico Wulffraat, Maya Buch, Antonia Sampol, Enric Carreras, Benedicte Dubois, Bernd Gruhn, Tayfun Güngör, David Pohlreich, Annemie Schuerwegh, Emilian Snarski, John Snowden, Paul Veys, Anders Fasth, Stig Lenhoff, Chiara Messina, Jan Voswinkel, Manuela Badoglio, Jörg Henes, David Launay, Alan Tyndall, Eliane Gluckman, Dominique Farge
Journal: Blood (2011)
Organic Brain Syndromes
Authors: JOSEPH P. McEVOY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Awareness of the medical disorders that frequently present with neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms and careful attention to a basic medical evaluation in every "psychiatric" patient will obviate referral of such patients to mental health facilities where their medical problems are less likely to be property diagnosed and treated. These disorders can be organized according to the predominant area of psychopathology (delirium, dementia, organic amnestic, delusional, hallucinatory, affective, and personality syndromes).
Regulation of immunoglobulin (Ig)E synthesis in the hyper-IgE syndrome.
Authors: D Vercelli, H H Jabara, C Cunningham-Rundles, J S Abrams, D B Lewis, J Meyer, L C Schneider, D Y Leung, R S Geha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The hyper-IgE (HIE) syndrome is characterized by high IgE serum levels, chronic dermatitis, and recurrent infections. The mechanisms responsible for hyperproduction of IgE in HIE patients are presently unknown. We investigated whether spontaneous in vitro IgE synthesis by PBMC from seven HIE patients was sensitive to signals (cell adhesion, T/B cell cognate interaction and lymphokines: IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-gamma) known to regulate IgE induction in normals. Our results show that, unlike IL-4 dependent IgE synthesis induced in normals, spontaneous IgE production by PBMC from HIE patients was not blocked by monoclonal antibodies to CD2, CD4, CD3, and MHC class II antigens. Furthermore, antibodies to IL-4 and IL-6 did not significantly suppress IgE production. IFN-gamma had no significant effects on spontaneous in vitro IgE synthesis. To test whether an imbalance in lymphokine production might underlie hyperproduction of IgE in HIE patients, mitogen-induced secretion of IL-4 and IFN-gamma by PBMC was assessed. No significant difference was detected between HIE patients and normal controls. Thus, ongoing IgE synthesis in the HIE syndrome is largely independent of cell-cell interactions and endogenous lymphokines, and is due to a terminally differentiated B cell population, no longer sensitive to regulatory signals.
Mechanism of initial distribution of blood-borne colon carcinoma cells in the liver
Authors: Naomi Mizuno, Yukio Kato, Kazuhiko Shirota, Yuki Izumi, Tatsuro Irimura, Hideyoshi Harashima, Hiroshi Kiwada, Naomi Motoji, Akiyo Shigematsu, Yuichi Sugiyama
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Clinical and Molecular Analysis of Macrolide Resistance in <b><i>Mycobacterium avium</i></b> Complex Lung Disease
Authors: David E. Griffith, Barbara A. Brown-Elliott, Brett Langsjoen, Yansheng Zhang, Xi Pan, William Girard, Kenwyn Nelson, James Caccitolo, Julio Alvarez, Sara Shepherd, Rebecca Wilson, Edward A. Graviss, Richard J. Wallace
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: The clinical features and outcome of macrolide-resistant Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease are not known.Objectives: Characterize patients, treatment, and isolates in macrolide-resistant MAC lung disease.Methods: Retrospective chart review, susceptibility testing, molecular fingerprinting, and DNA sequence analyses of resistant MAC isolates.Measurements and Main Results: We identified 51 patients over a 15-yr period with clarithromycin-resistant MAC (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ⩾ 32 μg/ml) lung disease at a single referral center. Twenty-four (47%) patients had nodular disease with bronchiectasis and 27 (53%) had upper lobe cavitary disease. Most patients (77%) had M. intracellulare. Sequencing of the 23S r-RNA gene showed 49 of 51 isolates (96%) with the expected mutation in adenine 2058 or 2059. Risk factors for resistance included macrolide monotherapy or combination with a quinolone only (39/51 or 76%). Macrolide resistance developed in 12 of 303 (4.0%) patients started on the American Thoracic Society–recommended two companion drugs, with no risk difference in clarithromycin versus azithromycin and daily versus intermittent therapy. Sputum conversion with macrolide-resistant MAC occurred in 11 of 14 (79%) patients who received more than 6 mo of injectable aminoglycoside therapy and lung resection, compared with 2 of 37 (5%) who did not. The 1-yr mortality in patients who remained culture positive was 34% (13/38) compared with 0% (0/13) of patients who became culture negative (converted).Conclusions: Macrolide resistance rarely occurs in patients also receiving ethambutol and a rifamycin. Macrolide-resistant MAC lung disease requires aggressive drug and surgical therapy for cure.
HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine prevented cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ≥ grade 3 in young women
Authors: Brian Budenholzer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Lehtinen M, Paavonen J, Wheeler CM, et al; HPV PATRICIA Study Group. Overall efficacy of HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against grade 3 or greater cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: 4-year end-of-study analysis of the randomised, double-blind PATRICIA trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:89-99. 22075171
Prevalence of headache among handheld cellular telephone users in Singapore: a community study.
Authors: S E Chia, H P Chia, J S Tan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We carried out a cross-sectional community study in Singapore to determine the prevalence of specific central nervous system (CNS) symptoms among hand-held cellular telephone (HP) users compared to nonusers and to study the association of risk factors and CNS symptoms among HP users. A total of 808 men and women between 12 and 70 years of age, who lived in one community, were selected using one-stage cluster random sampling and responses to a structured questionnaire. The prevalence of HP users was 44.8%. Headache was the most prevalent symptom among HP users compared to non-HP users, with an adjusted prevalence rate ratio of 1.31 [95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.70]. There is a significant increase in the prevalence of headache with increasing duration of usage (in minutes per day). Prevalence of headache was reduced by more than 20% among those who used hand-free equipment for their cellular telephones as compared to those who never use the equipment. The use of HPs is not associated with a significant increase of CNS symptoms other than headache.
Echocardiographic Manifestations of Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: JAMES C. DILLON, SONIA CHANG, HARVEY FEIGENBAUM
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Seventeen patients with left bundle branch block were studied using standard echocardiographic techniques employing a strip chart recorder. All 17 patients were found to have specific echocardiographic findings of abnormal septal motion uniquely different from previously described forms found in volume overload states of the right ventricle as well as coronary artery disease. The specific echocardiographic abnormality demonstrated in left bundle branch block is a very dynamic posterior motion of the interventricular septum occurring within 0.04 seconds of the onset of the QRS and preceding the anterior motion of the posterior left ventricular wall during ventricular ejection. This type of septal motion is not seen in the other forms of abnormal septal motion and appears to be specific for left bundle branch block.
Safe Conduct of the Patient through Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Harrison Black, Dwight E. Harken
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE CAREAfter a cardiac operation the general measures included in the care of all patients subjected to thoracic surgery apply. The altered physiology of the open wound of the chest is corrected by an air-tight closure of the chest wall, re-expansion of the lung and continued evacuation of fluid and air through water-sealed drainage tubes. In all cases a posterolateral tube just above the diaphragm will evacuate fluid. When there is any air leak from damaged lung, a second tube may be brought out through the second intercostal space anteriorly. Tubes are removed when they cease to function, . . .
The Septic Tank.
Authors: H. D. Wyllie
Journal: JAMA (1901)

business," and that the publication of such facts as these con- firm it.Let us examine the alleged facts.If they are true, then the above allegations stand.If they are false, then they fall.The "facts" consist of an experience with one board of pension examiners, who examined twenty applicants at once, from one section and found them all suffering from heart disease.These applicants were then examined before disinter- ested physicians who found no heart disease in any of the cases.
Health care is not a human right
Authors: P. Barlow
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Low dose aspirin for preventing and treating pre-eclampsia Author of editorial did not criticise studies' methodologyEditor-In her editorial discussing the value or otherwise of aspirin for preventing and treating pre-eclampsia Duley wonders why the small trials have such different results from the large trials. 1 We suggest the following answer.Evidence based medicine means integrating individual skill with the best available evidence from systematic research.Duley's conclusions, based on several multicentre studies, seem to rely on the conclusions of these studies without her making criticisms of the methodology used.Firstly, the timing of the start of treatment with low dose aspirin is important.The studies consistently fail to show the percentage of women who were < 16 weeks pregnant, the crucial time when maximum trophoblastic invasion is taking place (table ).This issue was raised by de Swiet in Bower's news article 2 and by Beaufilis et al. 3 Secondly, the dose of aspirin used in the later large trials is low.A meta-analysis by Leitich et al (not quoted in the editorial) shows that aspirin was more effective at higher doses (100-150 mg/day) than at lower doses (50-80 mg/day). 4It seems that these large studies have looked at the wrong dose of aspirin used at the wrong time of pregnancy.The editorial's conclusions are based on trials with flawed methodology.The question of whether aspirin given in early pregnancy in an appropriate dose is effective in preventing pre-eclampsia remains unanswered.
Screening for inherited metabolic diseases.
Authors: G M Komrower, I B Sardharwalla
Journal: BMJ (1972)

motor end plates of the lower portion of the face where the injury was situated the concentration of the toxin could have been high enough to produce palsy.The other possibility would be for the toxin to ascend up the nerve fibres in high enough concen- tration to paralyse the motor end plates while some toxin could be absorbed via the blood stream to reach the C.N.S., and give rise to genealized excitatory features.Whatever the explanation, facial palsy as a complication of tetanus is a rare occurrence.An intriguing aspect of the case was that the forehead had escaped while the lower portion of the face (including the orbicularis oculi) was affected.-Weare, etc.,
Effect of D-penicillamine on serum immunoglobulins and rheumatoid factor.
Authors: R Bluestone, L S Goldberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

Moreover, observations on the effect of this drug on serum immunoglobulins and rheumatoid factor titres have yielded conflicting and indefinite results (Jaffe, 1970).Currently, a U.K. multi-centre, double-blind, controlled trial is under way in which D-penicillamine is being compared to a placebo amongst patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (Camp, 1971).A definitive paper reporting that trial will include detailed results of changes in rheumatoid factor titres measured in another laboratory.The present study reports the effect of the active drug versus placebo on the serum immunoglobulins and rheumatoid factor titres over a 6-month period in a group of patients entered into the current trial. Material and methods PATIENT GROUPSera from patients were obtained immediately before therapy and approximately 3 and 6 months after con- tinuous penicillamine or placebo treatment.Patients were coded so that all assays were performed without knowing whether a patient was on drug or placebo*.The dosage schedule was usually designed gradually to achieve oral doses of 1,500 mg. of active penicillamine per day by the 9th week of treatment, and to maintain that dose there- after.However, one patient was still taking the lower initial dose at the 3-and 6-month intervals.SEROLOGICAL TESTS Rheumatoid factor and quantitation of serum immuno- globulins were determined on pre-treatment, and on 3-and 6-monthly samples simultaneously.