tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association between features of the insulin resistance syndrome and alzheimer's disease independently of apolipoprotein e4 phenotype: cross sectional population based study
Authors: J. Kuusisto, K. Koivisto, L. Mykkanen, E.-L. Helkala, M. Vanhanen, T. Hanninen, K. Kervinen, Y A. Kesaniemi, P. J Riekkinen, M. Laakso
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine the association between features of the insulin resistance syndrome and Alzheimer9s disease. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional population based study. <b>Subjects:</b> 980 people aged 69 to 78 (349 men, 631 women). <b>Setting:</b> Population of Kuopio, eastern Finland. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Presence of features of the insulin resistance syndrome and diagnosis of Alzheimer9s disease by detailed neurological and neuropsychological evaluation. <b>Results:</b> 46 (4.7%) subjects were classified as having probable or possible Alzheimer9s disease. In univariate analyses, apolipoprotein E4 phenotype (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval 3.24: 1.77 to 5.92), age (1.16; 1.05 to 1.29), low level of education (0.82; 0.72 to 0.93), low total cholesterol concentration (0.77; 0.59 to 1.00), high systolic blood pressure (1.01; 1.00 to 1.03), high fasting and 2 hour plasma glucose concentrations (1.11; 1.01 to 1.23 and 1.08; 1.03 to 1.13, respectively), high fasting and 2 hour insulin concentrations (1.05; 1.02 to 1.08 and 1.003; 1.00 to 1.01, respectively), and abnormal glucose tolerance (1.86; 1.23 to 2.80) were significantly associated with Alzheimer9s disease. In multivariate analysis including apolipoprotein E4 phenotype, age, education, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol concentration, fasting glucose concentration, and insulin concentration, apolipoprotein E4 phenotype, age, education, total cholesterol, and insulin were significantly associated with Alzheimer9s disease. In 532 non-diabetic subjects without the e4 allele hyperinsulinaemia was associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer9s disease (prevalence of disease 7.5% <i>v</i> 1.4% in normoinsulinaemic subjects, P=0.0004). In contrast, in the 228 with the e4 allele hyperinsulinaemia had no effect on the risk of disease (7.0% <i>v</i> 7.1%, respectively). <b>Conclusion:</b> Features of the insulin resistance syndrome are associated with Alzheimer9s disease independently of apolipoprotein E4 phenotype. <h3>Key messages</h3> Apolipoprotein E4 phenotype is a risk factor for Alzheimer9s disease Other risk factors for Alzheimer9s disease are not well documented in previous studies In this study, hyperinsulinaemia and other features of the insulin resistance syndrome were associated with Alzheimer9s disease Insulin resistance is affected by modifications in lifestyle, so the risk of Alzheimer9s disease might be reducible by the same measures
Hydroxyurea in the management of therapy resistant psoriasis
Authors: A.M. LAYTON, R.A. SHEEHAN-DARE, M.J.D. GOODFIELD, J.A. COTTERILL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Eighty-five patients with extensive chronic plaque psoriasis, unresponsive to conventional topical therapy, were treated with long-term hydroxyurea in a dose of 0.5-1.5 g daily. Fifty-two (61%) had a satisfactory remission during treatment without significant adverse effects. Treatment was discontinued in 33 patients (39%), due to an inadequate response or significant relapse during treatment and because of adverse reactions (19%). Four (4.7%) patients on hydroxyurea developed actinic psoriasis. Significant haematological abnormalities occurred in 30 patients (35%), but these became normal following a reduction in the dose of hydroxyurea or temporarily stopping the drug. In only six was it considered necessary to discontinue treatment because of bone marrow suppression. Our experience suggests that hydroxyurea is an effective long-term treatment for psoriasis that is refractory to conventional topical therapy and that the incidence of serious adverse effects compares favourably with other cytotoxic drugs.
EVI1 is critical for the pathogenesis of a subset of MLL-AF9–rearranged AMLs
Authors: Eric M. J. Bindels, Marije Havermans, Sanne Lugthart, Claudia Erpelinck, Elizabeth Wocjtowicz, Andrei V. Krivtsov, Elwin Rombouts, Scott A. Armstrong, Erdogan Taskesen, Jurgen R. Haanstra, H. Berna Beverloo, Hartmut Döhner, Wendy A. Hudson, John H. Kersey, Ruud Delwel, Ashish R. Kumar
Journal: Blood (2012)
Improving Physician Well-Being
Authors: David Mahoney, John Freedy, Clive Brock
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Letter from America
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In Atlanta, Georgia, you can visit the house where Margaret Mitchell wrote Gone with the Wind. The actual typewriter, marked with her nail varnish, is in a glass case. You learn that in her original manuscript the heroine was called Pansy. When an editor questioned this she chose Scarlett. Well, gee whizz. Was Rhett originally named Rab, I wonder.

Pansy was not the only one in Georgia to benefit from an inspired change of name. In the 1850s Atlanta itself was called Terminus. The Mitchell house is one of few old buildings in the city, which has followed a cycle of …
Lung Cancer and Pneumothorax-Reply
Authors: Charles I. Hyde
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our case report and comment clearly referred only to those patients with simultaneous primary lung cancer and spontaneous pneumothorax. We do not disagree with Snell's comments concerning patients with metastatic tumors to the lung and simultaneous spontaneous pneumothorax, viz, that such patients are seen more frequently and are usually younger than patients with primary lung cancer. We are encouraged to know that Snell agrees that extensive and aggressive workup is usually unnecessary for proper diagnosis of these patients.
Sphingolipids in the Lungs
Authors: Stefan Uhlig, Erich Gulbins
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION2. BRIEF OVERVIEW OF SPHI...3. SPHINGOLIPIDS IN PULMO...4. OUTLOOKReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Response to Comment on Lázaro-Martínez et al. Antibiotics Versus Conservative Surgery for Treating Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Randomized Comparative Trial. Diabetes Care 2014;37:789–795
Authors: José Luis Lázaro-Martínez, Javier Aragón-Sánchez, Esther García-Morales
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We appreciate very much the comments on our article (1) from Landman et al. (2). It could be extracted that every patient in whom osteomyelitis is suspected should undergo a bone biopsy, but this is not based on evidence. Based on this thought, the current tendency of treating diabetic foot osteomyelitis exclusively with antibiotics could not be supported. Most studies in which the patients were treated with antibiotics did not have microbiologic and/or histopathologic confirmation of bone infection. The only modern series confirming osteomyelitis by histopathology and microbiology are probably surgical. We could conclude that most patients in whom antibiotics were successful did not in fact have osteomyelitis. …
The n- vs. u-serration is a learnable criterion to differentiate pemphigoid from epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in direct immunofluorescence serration pattern analysis
Authors: J.B. Terra, J.M. Meijer, M.F. Jonkman, G.F.H. Diercks
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article The n‐ vs. u‐serration is a learnable criterion to differentiate pemphigoid from epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in direct immunofluorescence serration pattern analysis Get access J.B. Terra, J.B. Terra Center for Skin Blistering Diseases Department of Dermatology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Hanzeplein 9700 RB Groningen the Netherlands Correspondence Jorrit B. Terra. E‐mail: j.b.terra@umcg.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. Meijer, J.M. Meijer Center for Skin Blistering Diseases Department of Dermatology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Hanzeplein 9700 RB Groningen the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.F. Jonkman, M.F. Jonkman Center for Skin Blistering Diseases Department of Dermatology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Hanzeplein 9700 RB Groningen the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.F.H. Diercks G.F.H. Diercks Center for Skin Blistering Diseases Department of Dermatology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Hanzeplein 9700 RB Groningen the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 1, 1 July 2013, Pages 100–105, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12308 Published: 01 July 2013
A Comparison of the Pulmonary Blood Flow between Left and Right Lungs in Normal Subjects and Patients with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: C. T. DOLLERY, J. B. WEST, D. E. L. WILCKEN, P. HUGH-JONES
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Carbon dioxide labeled with oxygen-15 has been used to study the regional blood flow in the lungs of patients with pulmonary stenosis. The upper and lower zone flows were normal in patients with isolated pulmonary stenosis, but both were low in patients with the tetralogy of Fallot. A comparison of the two upper zones showed a significantly higher blood flow through the left upper zone in patients with both isolated pulmonary stenosis and the tetralogy of Fallot. A significantly higher flow was also found through the left upper zone than the right of normal subjects. By contrast, patients with atrial septal defect had a higher flow through the right upper zone than the left. Neither difference was as large as in the patients with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Patients with ventricular septal defect and those with patent ductus arteriosus had almost identical flow through the two upper zones.
Observational Research, Randomised Trials, and Two Views of Medical Science
Authors: Jan P Vandenbroucke
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Summary Two views exist of medical science: one emphasises discovery and explanation, the other emphasises evaluation of interventions. This essay analyses in what respects these views differ, and how they lead to opposite research hierarchies, with randomisation on top for evaluation and at bottom for discovery and explanation. The two views also differ strongly in their thinking about the role of prior specification of a research hypothesis. Hence, the essay explores the controversies surrounding subgroup analyses and multiplicity of analyses in observational research. This exploration leads to a rethinking of the universally accepted hierarchy of strength of study designs, which has the randomised trial on top: this hierarchy may be confounded by the prior odds of the research hypothesis. Finally, the strong opinions that are sometimes displayed in pitting the two types of medical science against each other may be explained by a difference in “loss function”: the difference in penalty for being wrong. A longer, more detailed version of this paper is found in supplementary Text S1.
Untreated Hodgkin Lymphoma With Skin Infiltration and Satellite Skin Nodule in a 15-Year-Old Female Adolescent
Authors: Ahmad Alhuraiji, Saad Akhtar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 15-year-old female adolescent presented with progressive neck swelling of 1 year duration and received 6 months of antituberculosis therapy in a local hospital with no benefit. After excision biopsy, she came to our institution. Examination showed 3 fungating, ulcerating neck masses and a chest wall skin nodule. Pathology confirmed Hodgkin lymphoma, stage IV BXE. FDG PET/CT showed a large neck tumor, a satellite skin nodule with local skin infiltration of tumor. She received 6 cycles of ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) chemotherapy and radiation therapy 2100 cGy. After chemotherapy, FDG PET/CT was negative. She is 2 years disease free.
Updated Hodgkin's disease. Patterns of spread
Authors: D. W. Smithers
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Success in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease during the last few years has followed improved methods to detect the extent of the disease, better estimation of the likely rate of advance, and more efficient application of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. All three (detection of involvement, forecast of further dissemination, and extent and method of treatment) have contributed to or depended on a better understanding of the modes and directions of spread of the disease. Misunderstandings and inaccuracies in the estimate of degree of spread may be overcome to some extent by making splenectomy and total nodal irradiation routine procedures. While this is likely to improve overall survival figures, some patients will receive more extensive treatments than they need, which may be dangerous. The chance of success with chemotherapy may be seriously prejudiced in those patients who still develop spread to nonlymphoid organs. Thus, a better understanding of the mode and
Do infants count like scientists?
Authors: Andreas Wiefel, Sabina Pauen, Michael Dueck
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract We discuss methodological problems and present our own empirical data on calculation tasks in toddlers. We propose to develop enriching theoretical models concerning quantity representations, based on empirical findings from developmental psychology. A revitalization of the debate is worthy, because it is reminiscent of the philosophical dispute on universal entities in scholasticism and Plato's theory of ideal numbers.
Differences between Streptococcal Infections of the Throat and of the Skin
Authors: Lewis W. Wannamaker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

IN man the two most common sites of infection with streptococci are the upper respiratory tract and the skin. For several decades the intense preoccupation of streptococcal investigators with infection of the pharynx and related structures advanced our knowledge of this form of streptococcal infection and its complications, whereas streptococcal infections of the skin received relatively little attention. An increasing interest in skin infections in recent years, however, has resulted in a better understanding of this form of streptococcal infection and a growing realization of the many features that set it aside from infection of the upper respiratory tract with . . .
Management of soft tissue defects of the foot
Authors: A. E. J. Trevatt, R. O. Igwe, U. Khan
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A 57 year old man presented to his general practitioner with a pigmented lesion on the heel of his left foot. He had not previously sought medical advice about the lesion but had recently become worried that it was growing in size. He was fit and well with no medical history of note.

Excision biopsy confirmed that the lesion was a malignant melanoma and he was referred urgently for wide local excision according to melanoma guidelines. The histological margins were clear with no residual disease seen. Staging examinations were negative. The tumour was less than 1 mm thick and there was no evidence of locoregional or distant metastasis. The resultant excision defect measured 4×4 cm and was not amenable to primary closure.

Initially a split skin graft was used to reconstruct the wound. However, this was not durable enough and failed, so a plastic surgeon who specialised in lower limb reconstruction was consulted (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Reconstruction of a post-excisional wound on the patient’s left foot





### 1. Why is wound reconstruction in the foot challenging?

#### Short answer

The foot is subject to weight bearing stresses and requires sensate tissue reconstruction that can withstand the shearing forces present during ambulation. Reconstruction options are limited by the paucity of available adjacent soft tissue.

#### Long answer

The plantar skin of the foot is perfectly adapted to weight bearing. It is thicker than skin found elsewhere in the body and more heavily keratinised. Deep to the plantar skin is the strong plantar fascia, which provides …
HER2 Drives Luminal Breast Cancer Stem Cells in the Absence of HER2 Amplification: Implications for Efficacy of Adjuvant Trastuzumab
Authors: Suthinee Ithimakin, Kathleen C. Day, Fayaz Malik, Qin Zen, Scott J. Dawsey, Tom F. Bersano-Begey, Ahmed A. Quraishi, Kathleen Woods Ignatoski, Stephanie Daignault, April Davis, Christopher L. Hall, Nallasivam Palanisamy, Amber N. Heath, Nader Tawakkol, Tahra K. Luther, Shawn G. Clouthier, Whitney A. Chadwick, Mark L. Day, Celina G. Kleer, Dafydd G. Thomas, Daniel F. Hayes, Hasan Korkaya, Max S. Wicha
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Although current breast cancer treatment guidelines limit the use of HER2-blocking agents to tumors with HER2 gene amplification, recent retrospective analyses suggest that a wider group of patients may benefit from this therapy. Using breast cancer cell lines, mouse xenograft models and matched human primary and metastatic tissues, we show that HER2 is selectively expressed in and regulates self-renewal of the cancer stem cell (CSC) population in estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)), HER2(-) luminal breast cancers. Although trastuzumab had no effects on the growth of established luminal breast cancer mouse xenografts, administration after tumor inoculation blocked subsequent tumor growth. HER2 expression is increased in luminal tumors grown in mouse bone xenografts, as well as in bone metastases from patients with breast cancer as compared with matched primary tumors. Furthermore, this increase in HER2 protein expression was not due to gene amplification but rather was mediated by receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK)-ligand in the bone microenvironment. These studies suggest that the clinical efficacy of adjuvant trastuzumab may relate to the ability of this agent to target the CSC population in a process that does not require HER2 gene amplification. Furthermore, these studies support a CSC model in which maximal clinical benefit is achieved when CSC targeting agents are administered in the adjuvant setting. Cancer Res; 73(5); 1635-46. ©2012 AACR.
Physiotherapy and bronchial mucus transport
Authors: CP van der Schans, DS Postma, GH Koeter, BK Rubin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Cough and expectoration of mucus are the best-known symptoms in patients with pulmonary disease. The most applied intervention for these symptoms is the use of chest physiotherapy to increase bronchial mucus transport and reduce retention of mucus in the airways. Chest physiotherapy interventions can be evaluated using different outcome variables, such as bronchial mucus transport measurement, measurement of the amount of expectorated mucus, pulmonary function, medication use, frequency of exacerbation and quality of life. Measurement of the transport rate of mucus in the airways using a radioactive tracer appears to be an appropriate outcome variable for short-term studies. Evaluation of chest physiotherapy only with pulmonary function tests appears to be inadequate in short-term studies. The popularity of using pulmonary function tests is probably based more on the availability of the instruments than on a theoretical basis related to the question of chest physiotherapy improving mucus transport. Quality of life and progression of the disease are not often used as outcome variables, but it may be worthwhile to use these in the future.
Serodiagnosis of Syphilis
Authors: J. Miller, E. P. Johns
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Hospitals in the West of Scotland are to be surveyed as a first step to what may become an all-Scottish hospital census that will provide a background of collated information for any projected scheme of reorganization after the war.The surveyors, appointed by the Secretary of State for Scotland, are two Glasgo,W University professors-Prof.J. M. Mackintosh (Chair of Public Health) and Prof. C. F. W. Iilingworth (Chair of Surgery)-together with the Senior Deputy Medical Officer of Health for Glasgow (Dr.R. J
The Supreme Court and Physician-Assisted Suicide — The Ultimate Right
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The U.S. Supreme Court will decide later this year whether to let stand decisions by two appeals courts permitting doctors to help terminally ill patients commit suicide.1 The Ninth and Second Circuit Courts of Appeals last spring held that state laws in Washington and New York that ban assistance in suicide were unconstitutional as applied to doctors and their dying patients.2,3 If the Supreme Court lets the decisions stand, physicians in 12 states, which include about half the population of the United States, would be allowed to provide the means for terminally ill patients to take their own lives, . . .
Heat shock protein 90 regulates the expression of Wilms tumor 1 protein in myeloid leukemias
Authors: Hima Bansal, Sanjay Bansal, Manjeet Rao, Kevin P. Foley, Jim Sang, David A. Proia, Ronald K. Blackman, Weiwen Ying, James Barsoum, Maria R. Baer, Kevin Kelly, Ronan Swords, Gail E. Tomlinson, Minoo Battiwalla, Francis J. Giles, Kelvin P. Lee, Swaminathan Padmanabhan
Journal: Blood (2010)