tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
α-Fetoprotein mRNA in the circulation as a predictor of postsurgical recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective study
Authors: Masayoshi Ijichi, Tadatoshi Takayama, Masayuki Matsumura, Yasushi Shiratori, Masao Omata, Masatoshi Makuuchi
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) messenger RNA (mRNA) has been proposed as a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells disseminated into the circulation, but its clinical significance remains controversial. We prospectively assessed the prognostic value of AFP mRNA in patients undergoing curative hepatic resection for HCC. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 87 patients before and after surgery to determine the presence of AFP mRNA by use of a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. A primary endpoint was recurrence-free interval. AFP mRNA was detectable preoperatively in 31 patients (36%) and postoperatively in 30 patients (34%). With a median follow-up period of 28 months (range, 3-41 months), HCC recurred in 46 patients (53%). Among 4 groups separated according to preoperative and postoperative AFP mRNA status, patients with consistent positivity of AFP mRNA showed the highest recurrence rate (85%) and trend to distant or multiple recurrence. The recurrence-free interval was significantly shorter in patients with postoperative positivity of AFP mRNA than in those without (53% [95% CI, 36-71] vs. 88% [95% CI, 79-96] at 1 year, 37% [95% CI, 17-57] vs. 60% [95% CI, 46-75] at 2 years; P =.014), whereas the preoperative positivity of AFP mRNA provided no significance (P =.100). Cox's proportional-hazards model identified the postoperative positivity of AFP mRNA as an independent prognostic factor for HCC recurrence (relative risk, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.26-4.34; P =.007). In conclusion, postsurgical recurrence of HCC can be predicted by detecting AFP mRNA-expressing cells in peripheral blood.
Prognostic Value of Multidetector Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography for Prediction of All-Cause Mortality
Authors: James K. Min, Leslee J. Shaw, Richard B. Devereux, Peter M. Okin, Jonathan W. Weinsaft, Donald J. Russo, Nicholas J. Lippolis, Daniel S. Berman, Tracy Q. Callister
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Need for a Physician in the Mountains of North Carolina
Authors: Agnes Willard Bartlett
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Far up in the mountains of North Carolina is a little hospital, founded and run by a trained nurse, Miss Lydia Holman, who for twelve years has quietly worked among these mountain people, not only bringing to them medical aid and care, but also teaching modern sanitary improvements, hygiene and social betterment. When the railroad ran its line through Altapass, a small building was erected for use during its construction, and after the completion of the road, seeing the splendid work Miss Holman was doing there, the railroad gave the building to her to use as a hospital. Miss Holman's work covers a large area, patients traveling many miles to reach the little hospital, or sending for her in all sorts of weather, night or day, so that her work has really become that of a physician as well as a nurse, because she could not refuse
Effects of Aminophylline on the Dynamics of Left Ventricular Failure.
Authors: S. M. Pariser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961Effects of Aminophylline on the Dynamics of Left Ventricular Failure.S. M. Pariser, M.D., (Assoc.), S. M. Sancetta, M.D., F.A.C.P., H. Schwartz, M.D., F.A.C.P.S. M. Pariser, M.D., (Assoc.)Search for more papers by this author, S. M. Sancetta, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, H. Schwartz, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1038_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe favorable clinical effects of aminophylline in left ventricular failure are generally accepted. However, correlative physiologic data are scanty. Accordingly, the present study of the cardiopulmonary circulatory effects of intravenous aminophylline on the altered dynamics of left ventricular failure was undertaken. Particular emphasis was directed to the correlation of cardiac ouput and the left ventricular mean filling pressure. The pulmonary veno-capillary ("PC") pressure was used as the index of the left ventricular mean filling pressure.Twelve patients with significant heart disease were studied. The etiologies included systemic hypertension, coronary heart disease, aortic and mitral valvular disease, and diffuse myocardial fibrosis.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1038-1038KeywordsCardiovascular therapyCoronary heart diseaseEtiologyHypertensionMyocardial fibrosisValvular diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Lipoma arborescens co-existing with psoriatic arthritis releases tumour necrosis factor alpha and matrix metalloproteinase 3
Authors: A. R. Fraser, M. E. Perry, A. Crilly, J. H. Reilly, A. J. Hueber, I. B. McInnes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

The need to develop validated outcome measures to assess response to therapies in single joints has been recognized. In 2004, a task force was established to assess established and novel outcome measures in accordance with the OMERACT filter (truth, discrimination, and feasibility) for single joint assessment. This report describes the proceedings of the single joint assessment special interest group (SIG) at OMERACT 9, including an updated literature review of imaging of the knee joints, with a focus on the extent to which these modalities fulfill the OMERACT filter. A series of studies are reported that examine patient reported, clinical examination, and imaging outcomes in therapeutic studies in knee arthritis. A summary of discussions from the meeting are presented that raise many of the ongoing challenges in establishing appropriate domains to evaluate a range of conditions and potential therapeutic interventions. Because of emerging drug candidates and modalities targeting individual joints, the ongoing work of this SIG is providing the evidence base that can be used to establish a core domain set to incorporate as outcomes in future studies.
Gear treatment to category of post-MI patient
Authors: John Maurice
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A patient has had a myocardial infarction (MI), has been in a coronary care unit, and is about to leave the hospital. It seems possible, by assessing only four variables before discharge, to evaluate with reasonable accuracy his or her risk of dying within the next two years, as well as the type of treatment (if any) to be prescribed prophylactically during the posthospital period.  This new prognostic capability is the result of a multicenter observational study completed last winter and, in some respects, still being analyzed. Arthur J. Moss, MD, chief investigator and clinical professor of medicine at the University of Rochester (NY) School of Medicine and Dentistry, recently presented the findings of the study, which involved 866 patients from nine centers in four regions of the United States, at an international conference in Florence, Italy.  Twenty-four-hour ECG Holter monitoring, beginning sometime between the third and 14th day after
Guidelines for long-term management of patients with Kawasaki disease. Report from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association.
Authors: A S Dajani, K A Taubert, M Takahashi, F Z Bierman, M D Freed, P Ferrieri, M Gerber, S T Shulman, A W Karchmer, W Wilson
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Long-term management of patients with Kawasaki disease should be tailored to the degree of coronary arterial involvement. This committee has made recommendations for each risk level about antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy, physical activity, follow-up assessment by a pediatric cardiologist or primary care physician, and the appropriate diagnostic procedures that may be performed to evaluate cardiac disease. The risk level for a given patient with coronary arterial involvement may change over time because of changes in coronary artery morphology. The recommendations for management presented here are intended as practical interim guidelines until additional prospective or retrospective data are compiled to define more clearly the natural history of Kawasaki disease.
Rapid improvement in abnormal pulmonary epithelial permeability after stopping cigarettes
Authors: B. D Minty, C Jordan, J G Jones
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A new, non-invasive method of measuring pulmonary epithelial damage in man was compared with traditional tests of small-airway function. Pulmonary epithelial permeability was expressed as the half-time clearance from the lung into blood of (99m)Tc-diethylene triaminepenta-acetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) deposited predominantly in the alveoli from an inhaled aerosol.Recovery from abnormal pulmonary permeability was recorded after stopping smoking for 21 days in a group of young symptomless cigarette smokers. Before stopping smoking there was a significant correlation between half-time lung clearance of (99m)Tc-DTPA and carboxyhaemoglobin concentration (r=0.69; p <0.05). There was no correlation between carboxyhaemoglobin value and closing volume, the only other abnormal test of airway function. Twenty-four hours after stopping smoking the mean half-time lung clearance of (99m)Tc-DTPA had increased significantly (p <0.001) from a baseline of 15.8 min (SEM 1.3 min) to 25.5 min (SEM 2.5 min). The mean half-time clearance continued to increase to a maximum of 35.5 min (SEM 3.1 min) at seven days, but was significantly less than the reported half-time clearance for non-smokers (59 min, SEM
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Jonathan W. Uhr, M. W. Brandriss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Guinea pigs with delayed hypersensitivity to protein antigens show a specific febrile response accompanied by a lymphopenia following injection of a desensitizing dose of specific antigen. No signs of shock are observed in highly sensitive animals following this injection. The response is not prevented in sensitive guinea pigs by inducing endotoxin tolerance or by pretreating with cortisone before specific challenge. Using a suitable antigen in sufficiently sensitive animals as little as 100 microg. can elicit a pronounced febrile response. Injection of a desensitizing dose of antigen specifically abolishes systemic as well as skin reactivity for several days. Normal or hypersensitive (delayed-type) animals passively sensitized with sufficient amounts of serum antibody show hypothermia after specific challenge and may show a delayed type of fatal shock. Differences were noted between their systemic reactivities, however, and the reactivity seen in specifically challenged tuberculous animals.
Sickle Cell Disease and the Endothelium
Authors: Bertram H. Lubin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The enduring puzzle of sickle cell anemia is how a single deviant base in DNA, which changes a single amino acid in a single protein within a single type of cell, causes a disease with such variable clinical manifestations. Clearly, additional factors — situational and genetic — influence the course of this genetically simple yet clinically complex disorder. Genetic variables that influence the severity of sickle cell disease include levels of other hemoglobins, such as hemoglobin F or hemoglobin C. Other factors, such as responses to episodes of infectious disease, are strongly suspected to predispose patients to sickle crises, but . . .
A Sensitive Approach to Studying ASDs: Teasing Out Relationships between Autism and Maternal Smoking
Authors: Tanya Tillett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Peer Review versus Good Laboratory Practice StandardsWhen it comes to assessing the quality of toxicologic data to develop policy decisions, should regulators rely on journal peer review or on Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) standards?Authors of a review comparing the two conclude that the answer is neither.Instead, they propose that regulators need a well-defined scheme in which the best elements of both processes enable data to be weighed and evaluated in a consistent fashion [EHP 120(7):927-934; McCarty et al.].The authors point out that peer review and GLP standards serve different but complementary needs.Traditional peer review aims to supply scientists with published articles worthy of consideration and debate; GLP standards-which are specific protocols for conducting and reporting experiments-aim to provide regulators with high-quality data that are acceptable across jurisdictions.The authors go on to expose the shortcomings of each framework for policy use.According to their analysis, peer review suffers from reviewer bias, inconsistency in methods between journals, variable ability to identify fraud or falsified data, and a reluctance to publish results that show little or no effects.GLP standards, on the other hand, don't address broad issues of scientific validity, although they
Christmas in July
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A number of readers have written to call our attention to the fact that the beautiful stand of trees used on our July 21, 1978, cover to accompany the article on cutaneous sporotrichosis in forestry workers was not in fact a forest, but a Christmas tree farm. Their point is well taken, and we thank them for writing. Apparently, we were not able to see the trees for the forest.
Gastrointestinal capsule endoscopy: from tertiary centres to primary care
Authors: Reena Sidhu, David S Sanders, Mark E McAlindon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The first endoscope introduced by Bruening in 1907 was a rigid instrument that allowed inspection of the upper gastrointestinal tract under a general anaesthetic.w1 Forty years later the first flexible fibreoptic instrument allowed procedures to be done under local anaesthetic or light sedation. It took a further 20 years for the technological evolution of the first colonoscope. A major advance occurred in 1999, when capsule endoscopy enabled complete visualisation of the small bowel.w2 A capsule is swallowed and propelled through the gastrointestinal tract by the action of peristalsis. It contains an imaging device, which transmits images of the intestine to sensors on the abdominal wall.



Fig 1 
A capsule endoscope



Historically the small bowel was considered technically difficult to examine because of its length (3-5 metres), location, and tortuosity.w3 Previously the small bowel could be partly assessed by a push enteroscope, which is longer (about 2 metres) than a standard gastroscope and therefore allows examination of up to 80-120 cm beyond the ligament of Treitz (anatomically the duodenojejunal flexure), while intraoperative enteroscopy required a general anaesthetic and laparotomy. Barium follow through (small bowel meal) and enteroclysis (double contrast small bowel follow through) allow indirect examination of the small bowel but have a low diagnosis rate.1 w4 w5

Given the limitations of these other tests, there has been a surge in investigations on the practical diagnostic ability and clinical utility of capsule endoscopy.

#### Summary points

Capsule endoscopy—a novel method of imaging the small bowel—is safe and can be performed on an outpatient basis in both primary and secondary care

It has a higher positive diagnosis rate in the detection of small bowel pathology than conventional small bowel investigations

Capsule endoscopy can be used to investigate patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and negative results on upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy

We performed …
Abstract 4689: Pre-clinical investigation of the wee1 inhibitor MK-1775 using pharmacodynamic and mechanistic markers in diverse cancer models <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Deborah F. Wilsker, Allison M. Marrero, Melinda Hollingshead, Scott M. Lawrence, Alice Chen, Shivaani Kummar, Joseph M. Covey, Ralph E. Parchment, Robert J. Kinders, Joseph E. Tomaszewski, James H. Doroshow
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Wee1 kinase is a critical regulator of the G2/M checkpoint by initiating inhibitory phosphorylation of the conserved tyrosine-15 residue of cdk1/cdc2. Wee1 also phosphorylates tyrosine 15 of cdk2 and plays a crucial role in maintaining genome integrity during S-phase. MK1775 (NSC 754352) is a small molecule selective inhibitor of Wee1 kinase that is currently under clinical evaluation. We have developed a quantitative immunofluorescence assay to measure inhibition of Wee1 by detection of pY15 of cyclin-dependent kinases. A full analysis of the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of Wee1 inhibition by MK1775, as well as the downstream mechanistic consequences of Wee1 inhibition on DNA repair, apoptosis, and premature mitotic entry markers was performed using two xenograft models: A673 Ewing sarcoma and U87-MG glioblastoma. Four DNA repair markers (pNbs1, γH2AX, Rad51, and pATR) were examined as well as the mitotic marker pHistone H3. Advanced quantitative image analysis was performed using Definiens software to measure changes in PD markers by two approaches: total nuclear area measurements and foci per nucleus. Definiens software enables enhanced analysis of the markers by enumeration of the nuclei in the imaged xenograft tissues over an entire data set with high-content capacity. Our data demonstrate greater than 80% inhibition of pY15-cdk in vivo at the clinically relevant dose of 60 mg/kg (180 mg/m2) MK1775 in two xenograft models. In addition, γH2AX induction was observed after multiple doses of MK1775 as a single agent. A PD biomarker time course was determined for MK1775 and gemcitabine (NSC 750927) as single agents to develop a drug administration schedule for combination studies in a Ewing sarcoma model. The time point at which the DNA damage response peaked following administration of the maximum tolerated dose of gemcitabine in the mouse was determined. This study elucidates a broad profile of PD marker response, as well as the corresponding levels of MK1775 in the xenografts. Funded by NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. Citation Format: Deborah F. Wilsker, Allison M. Marrero, Melinda Hollingshead, Scott M. Lawrence, Alice Chen, Shivaani Kummar, Joseph M. Covey, Ralph E. Parchment, Robert J. Kinders, Joseph E. Tomaszewski, James H. Doroshow. Pre-clinical investigation of the wee1 inhibitor MK-1775 using pharmacodynamic and mechanistic markers in diverse cancer models in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4689. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4689
A STUDY OF THE PATHOGENIC PROPERTIES OF BACILLUS PROTEUS
Authors: W. P. Larson, E. T. Bell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

Some strains of Bacillus proteus obtained from human lesions are pathogenic for rabbits, rats, and guinea pigs. There is good evidence that these strains are also pathogenic for man. All cultures obtained from sources other than human infections were non-pathogenic for the laboratory animals. A non-pathogenic culture may be made pathogenic by the use of aggressins or by inoculation into the anterior chamber of the eye. Proteus cultures lose their virulence rapidly when grown on artificial media. The lesions produced in animals are either simple abscesses, proliferative lesions, or a mixed exudative and proliferative lesion. The proliferative lesions consist mainly of epithelioid cells apparently of connective tissue origin. No giant-cells of the Langhans type are present. The histological type of the lesion does not depend upon the strain employed. Neither does it bear any relation to the clinical severity of the case. The ability to produce the characteristic lesions has no necessary connection with the toxicity of the bacteria. The proteus bacteria probably play a more important part in human pathology than is generally believed.
Subnormal Levels of Glucose in Urine
Authors: Bengt Scherstén
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Since the middle of the 19th century, it has been known that normal urine contains small quantities of glucose.<sup>1-3</sup>Nevertheless, the present knowledge concerning the physiological range of urinary glucose concentrations is on the basis of only a few reports. Nagasaki<sup>4</sup>found the normal range to be 2 to 33 mg of glucose per 100 milliliters of urine in a study of 174 randomly selected cases. In specimens of morning urine Haller<sup>5</sup>recorded values from less than 3.1 to 12.5 mg/100 ml of urine in a small series. Using a glucose oxidase method, Fine<sup>6</sup>found the normal range in 740 individuals to be 1 to 15 mg/100 ml of urine. In his studies the urinary specimens were not collected in the fasting state. Renschler<sup>7</sup>used the hexokinase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase method in an extensive study of urinary glucose in 159 individuals. He found the upper limit
The von Hippel-Lindau Gene, Kidney Cancer, and Oxygen Sensing
Authors: William G. Kaelin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. Recent studies of a relatively rare hereditary cancer syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, have shed new light on the molecular pathogenesis of kidney cancer and, perhaps more important, on how mammalian cells sense and respond to changes in oxygen availability. This knowledge is already translating into new therapeutic targets for kidney cancer as well as for multiple conditions, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, in which ischemia plays a pathogenic role. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of von Hippel-Lindau disease and the role of the VHL gene product (pVHL) in kidney cancer and the mammalian oxygen sensing pathway. E-mail: william_kaelin@dfci.harvard.edu
Ionizing radiation increases adenovirus uptake and improves transgene expression in intrahepatic colon cancer xenografts
Authors: Ming Zhang, Shengping Li, Jun Li, William D Ensminger, Theodore S Lawrence
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

<h2>Abstract</h2> Specific targeting and transgene expression in tumors are critical in adenovirus gene therapy for intrahepatic colon carcinoma metastases. In this study, we investigated if ionizing radiation could increase adenoviral uptake by cells. Various human cell lines and rat hepatocytes were irradiated prior to exposure to a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene adenoviral vector. We found that γ-radiation increased the number of GFP-positive cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner for most cells, ranging from 4.6- to 27.1-fold after a 4-Gy treatment. No induction occurred for lentiviral vector, lipofection, or naked plasmid exposure. Preincubation of cells with adenovirus failed to show an increase, suggesting that radiation might mediate adenoviral infection by inducing viral uptake into cells. We demonstrated that radiation induced internalization of a fluorescence-labeled adenovirus (Cy3-Ad) and an increase in intracellular viral DNA content. Rats bearing intrahepatic colon carcinoma xenografts were irradiated in the tumor region followed by portal venous administration of an adenoviral vector containing a CMV–β-galactosidase (β-gal) gene. Radiation increased β-gal activity in tumors as much as 5.4-fold after a 25-Gy treatment. These data suggest that a combination of regional radiation treatment with adenovirus gene therapy is a rational strategy for improving adenoviral targeting and transgene expression in tumors.