tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION.
Authors: J. S. BILLINGS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The Carnegie Institution of Washington was established by Mr. Andrew Carnegie in 1902. Its work up to this time has been largely tentative and experimental, seeking for information and advice as to what is most needed in its line of work. <h3>ITS ORGANIZATION AND FUNDS.</h3> It has recently been reorganized under the provisions of a special charter granted by Congress in which its objects are declared to be "to encourage in the broadest and most liberal manner, investigation, research, and discovery, and the application of knowledge to the improvement of mankind." In general, it may be said that its objects are similar to those of the Smithsonian Institution, which are "the increase and diffusion of knowledge." A part of its income is set aside as a reserve fund for building or other purposes and another part is reserved for expenses of administration and printing. Omitting these, it has
Analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: P. Sedgwick, L. Marston
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A randomised controlled trial investigated whether a low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy reduced the incidence of macrosomic (large for gestational age) infants. Participants were an at risk group—women without diabetes, in their second pregnancy, who had previously given birth to an infant weighing more than 4000 g. The intervention consisted of a low glycaemic index diet from early pregnancy; the control was no dietary intervention. The primary outcome measure was birth weight, and the secondary outcome was gestational weight gain from baseline (measured at 24, 28, 34, and 40 weeks). Treatment groups were compared at each gestational age using the independent samples t test.1 The researchers reported that a low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy did not reduce the incidence of large for gestational age infants in women at risk of fetal macrosomia. It did, however, have a significant effect on gestational weight gain. At each measured gestational age, except for 24 weeks, the intervention group gained significantly less weight than the control group⇓. View this table: Comparison of gestational weight gain between intervention and control groups Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
Immunohistochemical Expression of p16 and p21 in Pituitary Tissue Adjacent to Pituitary Adenoma versus Pituitary Tissue Obtained at Autopsy: Is There a Difference?
Authors: Emilija Manojlovic Gacic, Milica Skender-Gazibara, Ivan Soldatovic, Dusko Dundjerovic, Novica Boricic, Savo Raicevic, Vera Popovic
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2015)
Gelatinase activity during wound healing
Authors: M.S. AGREN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Gelatinase activity during wound healing Get access M.S. ÅGREN M.S. ÅGREN Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, PO Box 016250 (R‐250), Miami. FL 33101. U.S.A. Dr M.S. Ågren, Coloplast A/S, Holtedam 1. DK‐3050 Humblebeck, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 131, Issue 5, 1 November 1994, Pages 634–640, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04974.x Published: 01 November 1994 Article history Accepted: 23 March 1994 Published: 01 November 1994
Training More Generalists
Authors: Robert D. Robinson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 January 1994Training More GeneralistsRobert D. Robinson, MDRobert D. Robinson, MDSt. Vincent's Hospital; Indianapolis, IN 46240Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-1-199401010-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The two articles concerning medical generalism [1, 2] show an interesting contrast of responses to the shortage of medical foot soldiers. From his office within the Beltway, Dr. Rivo [1] predictably credits Washington with causing the problem. He also predictably calls for a classic governmental response: mandates backed up by fiscal blackmail. He avows little faith in “minor course corrections in the medical marketplace”.Dr. Barondess [2], on the other hand, exposes some basic realities: There is currently no shortage of training opportunities for generalists but there is a great shortage of those wishing to fill them. ...References1. Rivo ML. Internal medicine and the journey to medical generalism. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:146-52. Google Scholar2. Barondess JA. The future of generalism. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119: 153-60. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert D. Robinson, MDAffiliations: St. Vincent's Hospital; Indianapolis, IN 46240 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRedlicher Erwerb bei verstärkter Rechtsscheingrundlage 1 January 1994Volume 120, Issue 1Page: 92-93KeywordsBiopsyBronchoscopyEchocardiographyEndoscopyIntubationTriageVentilators ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Britain has become less equal in death
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

If you live in Glasgow you are 66% more likely to die prematurely than if you live in rural Dorset and 31% more likely than if you live in Bristol. Where you live in Britain is a better guide to your chance of an early death now than at any time in almost half a century, according to a report from the Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

Although absolute mortality for all groups in society has fallen steadily since the 1950s, the gap between people living in different areas has widened, particularly since the 1980s. People living in the tenth of areas with the …
Long-Term Follow-up after Treatment of Rabies by Induction of Coma
Authors: William T. Hu, Rodney E. Willoughby, Howard Dhonau, Kenneth J. Mack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Adhya and Laha suggest nicking the skin while the needle remains in place, which may prove useful as long as the operator takes care not to cause damage by inadvertent movement of the indwelling needle during the process.They also refer to an interesting study that describes the use of a small-gauge pilot needle to locate the internal jugular vein and an innovative technique to then stabilize it. 4This small-gauge pilot needle may be particularly useful when patients have coagulopathy or when ultrasonography is not available.We agree that, ideally, an experienced operator should be present for all central venous catheterization procedures.This is especially important for patients with known risk factors for difficult catheterization.
What about viral community acquired pneumonias?
Authors: G Y Shin
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Although Durrington and Summers mention that viruses are a cause of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), they seem to have disregarded respiratory viruses in their review.1 I was intrigued by the absence of “respiratory viruses” as a cause of CAP in intensive care.

A quick PubMed review of the literature (limited to …
Treadmill Testing in Hypertensives-Reply
Authors: Jerome L. Fleg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Miller raises some interesting issues. In at least two studies, exaggerated blood pressure responses to treadmill exercise testing have correlated with greater left ventricular mass.<sup>1,2</sup>Due to the observational design of these studies, however, it is impossible to determine whether exercise habits per se actually caused the increase in left ventricular mass. However, the subjects in both of these studies were not physically trained, making such a cause-and-effect relationship unlikely. A more likely explanation for the relationship between exercise blood pressure and left ventricular mass is that the exaggerated exercise blood pressure response is merely a marker for the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy rather than its cause. No study of which I am aware, including those cited by Dr Miller, demonstrates a longitudinal increase in left ventricular mass by high-repetition/low-resistance training. Although the use of a "screening" treadmill exercise test to assess blood pressure response
D-Dimer Levels as a Marker of Cutaneous Disease Activity
Authors: Mark G. Kirchhof, Agnes Y. Y. Lee, Jan P. Dutz
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Biochemical markers of disease allow clinicians to monitor disease severity, progression, and response to treatment. C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate are commonly used biochemical markers of inflammatory disease. We present 2 cases that indicate that D-dimer levels may be useful as a potential biochemical marker of disease activity in certain cutaneous inflammatory conditions.We report 2 cases in which clinical disease activity correlates with D-dimer levels. The first case is a woman in her 50s with a diagnosis of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. The second case is a man in his 20s with recurrent urticaria. In both patients, plasma D-dimer levels increased with clinical evidence of disease activity and decreased with treatment and resolution of the disease flare. Interestingly, serum C-reactive protein levels did not correlate with disease activity and were found to be normal during clinically active disease.We show the potential value of D-dimer measurements as a marker of vasculocentric and/or vasculopathic inflammation and suggest that vascular endothelial damage may be ongoing in certain cutaneous inflammatory conditions.
First observation of homozygous hemoglobin hamadan (B 56 (D7) GLY‐ARG) and beta thalassemia (‐29 G&gt;A)‐ hemoglobin Hamadan combination in a Turkish family
Authors: Ece Akar, Sibel Özdemir, Ismail Hakki Timur, Nejat Akar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract During screening surveys for beta thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobins in Mugla, a city located in the Aegean Region of Turkey, a hemoglobin variant was detected in two large families residing in two neigboring cities (i.e., Muğla and Aydin) without any clinical signs. Further analysis of the variant revealed it as Hb Hamadan (B 56 (D7) GLY‐ARG). Family screening revealed the father of the propositus as homozygote Hb Hamadan. The grandfather of the index case was detected as combination of Hb Hamadan with beta thalassemia. The beta thalassemia carrier had a promotor mutation at −29 G&gt;A, which is also a novel mutation. Furthermore, we described a simple and rapid restriction enzyme digestion protocol (Hha I) for the verification of Hb Hamadan. The clinical and hematologic data of the index case and his father showed that neither homozygous Hb Hamadan nor combination with beta thalassemia has clinical importance. This is also important especially from the prenatal diagnosis point of view. Am. J. Hematol. 74:280–282, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice lacking tumor necrosis factor-α
Authors: Naoya Maekawa, Hisayasu Wada, Tsugiyasu Kanda, Tamikazu Niwa, Yasuhiro Yamada, Kuniaki Saito, Hisayoshi Fujiwara, Kenji Sekikawa, Mitsuru Seishima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
A case-control study for differences among hepatitis B virus infections of genotypes A (subtypes Aa and Ae) and D
Authors: Yasuhito Tanaka, Izumi Hasegawa, Takanobu Kato, Etsuro Orito, Noboru Hirashima, Subrat K. Acharya, Robert G. Gish, Anna Kramvis, Michael C. Kew, Namiko Yoshihara, Santosh Man Shrestha, Mobin Khan, Yuzo Miyakawa, Masashi Mizokami
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

There are two subtypes of hepatitis B virus genotype A (HBV/A) and they are provisionally designated Aa (“a” standing for Africa/Asia) and Ae (“e” for Europe). In a case-control study, 78 HBV/Aa, 78HBV/Ae, and 78HBV/D carriers from several countries were compared. The prevalence of HBe antigen (HBeAg) in serum was significantly lower in carriers of HBV/Aa than in carriers of HBV/Ae (31% vs. 49%; P = .033), with a difference more obvious in the carriers aged 30 years or younger (34% vs. 67%; P = .029). HBV DNA levels in the carriers of HBV/Aa (median, 3.46 log copies/mL; 95% CI, 2.93-3.95) were significantly lower than those of carriers of HBV/Ae (6.09 log copies/mL; 95% CI, 4.24-7.64) or of carriers of HBV/D (5.48 log copies/mL; 95% CI, 4.06-7.02), regardless of the HBeAg status ( P &lt; .001). The most specific and frequent substitutions in 54 HBV/Aa isolates were double substitutions for T1809 (100%) and T1812 (96%) immediately upstream of the precore initiation codon, which would interfere with the translation of HBeAg in HBV/Aa infections. They were not detected in 57 HBV/Ae or 61 HBV/D isolates examined. The double mutation in the core promoter (T1762/A1764) was more frequent in both HBV/Aa (50%) and HBV/Ae (44%) than in HBV/D isolates (25%; P &lt; .01), whereas the precore mutation (A1896) occurred in HBV/D isolates only (48%; P &lt; .0001). In conclusion, the clearance of HBeAg from serum may occur by different mechanisms in HBV/Aa, HBV/Ae, and HBV/D infections, which may influence clinical manifestations in the Western countries where both genotypes A and D are prevalent. (Hepatology 2004;40:747-755.)
Any questions: Ultraviolet light for psoriasis
Authors: R. M Mackie
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Approximately 80% of people with psoriasis will observe that their psoriatic plaques are improved by exposure to natural sunlight, 10% notice no difference, and 10% report deterioration. This observation has led to the widespread use of artificial ultraviolet radiation as one method of treating psoriasis either singly or in combination. Broad band ultraviolet B (290-320 nm) has been widely used for many years either as monotherapy or …
Pseudoainhum and erythropoietic protoporphyria
Authors: A.P. CHRISTOPHER, C.E.H. GRATTAN, M.A. COWAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

We report the development of pseudoainhum in a patient with erythropoietic protoporphyria, the first report, to our knowledge, of these two unusual conditions occurring together. An excellent cosmetic and functional result was achieved with a Z plasty.
The Significance of Preoperative Impaired Sensorium on Surgical Outcomes in Nonemergent General Surgical Operations
Authors: Csaba Gajdos, Deidre Kile, Mary T. Hawn, Emily Finlayson, William G. Henderson, Thomas N. Robinson
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

With an aging population, preoperative assessment of the frail older adult requires evaluation beyond simply accounting for chronic diseases. Impaired cognition is a recognized characteristic of the frail older adult.To examine the effect of preoperative impaired sensorium (IS) on general surgical outcomes.Retrospective cohort study using data between January 2005 and December 2010 at academic and community hospitals participating in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Patients undergoing nonemergent general surgical operations were studied. Multivariable logistic regression involving 45 preoperative patient-level risk factors and comorbidities was used to calculate the conditional probability of having IS. Patients having and not having preoperative IS were matched on their propensity scores using a 1:1 greedy matching technique. Propensity score matching resulted in almost all (n = 1765) patients with IS uniquely matching to a patient without IS, resulting in a cohort size of 3530. Complication rates between patients with and without IS were compared.Rates of postoperative complications and death following nonemergent general surgical operations.In total, 294 037 patients were studied, of whom 1771 (0.6%) had preoperative IS. Patients with IS were older and had more significant preoperative risk factors and comorbidities. As a result, unadjusted analysis found that 22 of 23 postoperative complications were significantly more likely to occur in patients with IS. Within the matched cohort, rates of postoperative pneumonia, ventilator dependence, progressive renal insufficiency, urinary tract infection, stroke, venous thromboembolism, and postoperative death continued to be significantly (P < .05) elevated in patients with IS.Impaired sensorium significantly increases postoperative morbidity and mortality independent of other preoperative risk factors and comorbidities following nonemergent general surgical operations. Incorporation of impaired cognitive function into routine preoperative risk assessment and decision making could be an important addition to traditional risk assessment strategies.
Mediators of Hypersensitivity and “Fog”‐Induced Asthma
Authors: R. J. SHAW, S. D. ANDERSON, S. R. DURHAM, K. M. TAYLOR, R. E. SCHOEFFEL, W. GREEN, P. TORZILLO, A. B. KAY
Journal: Allergy (1985)

Seven asthmatic and five normal subjects inhaled increasing amounts of nebulized water (“fog”). Neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA), histamine and FEV 1 measurements were undertaken before and at time intervals after challenge. In asthmatics, the mean maximal reduction in FEV 1 (± 1 SD) was 46.6%± 11.5; whereas, in normal subjects, the reductions were less than 20% of pre‐challenge values after the inhalation of 33 ml of water. There were no significant differences in the pre‐challenge values for NCA between the asthmatics and the normal controls. When the highest values for NCA during the 30 min after challenge in the asthmatics were compared with controls there was a significant increase (P &lt; 0.02). The percentage change in NCA was also significantly greater in the asthmatics compared with the controls at 10 min after challenge (P &lt; 0.05). Fog‐induced NCA was shown to be associated with proteins with approximate molecular weight of 600,000 daltons (as assessed by gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl‐S400). There was an increase in plasma histamine in the asthmatics after challenge but this was not significantly greater than the controls. These findings support the view that mediators might be involved in fog‐induced asthma, possibly as a result of mast cell degranulation by “osmotic shock”.
Biocompatibility of N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymers containing adriamycinImmunogenicity, and effect on haematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow in vivo and mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro
Authors: B RIHOVA, M BILEJ, V VETVICKA, K ULBRICH, J STROHALM, J KOPECEK, R DUNCAN
Journal: Biomaterials (1989)
Arterial Hypertension in Dogs
Authors: HENRY A. SCHROEDER, MELVIN L. GOLDMAN
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Various methods were devised in attempts to produce chronic hypertension in dogs. The induction of anxiety was unsuccessful. Bilateral renal denervation combined with injections of epinephrine appeared to produce temporary hypertension. Permanent hypertension was induced by unilateral renal ischemia with the other kidney left intact only in dogs of nervous temperament. Certain dogs were extremely resistant to the development of hypertension even when several methods were combined. Neurogenic hypertension induced by section of the moderator nerves is probably a true hypertension. It is obvious that the host factor may be as important as the method employed.
Influence of Prenatal Lead Exposure on Genomic Methylation of Cord Blood DNA
Authors: J. Richard Pilsner, Howard Hu, Adrienne Ettinger, Brisa N. Sánchez, Robert O. Wright, David Cantonwine, Alicia Lazarus, Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa, Adriana Mercado-García, Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo, Mauricio Hernández-Avila
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Fetal lead exposure is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and developmental and cognitive deficits; however, the mechanism(s) by which lead-induced toxicity occurs remains unknown. Epigenetic fetal programming via DNA methylation may provide a pathway by which environmental lead exposure can influence disease susceptibility.This study was designed to determine whether prenatal lead exposure is associated with alterations in genomic methylation of leukocyte DNA levels from umbilical cord samples.We measured genomic DNA methylation, as assessed by Alu and LINE-1 (long interspersed nuclear element-1) methylation via pyrosequencing, on 103 umbilical cord blood samples from the biorepository of the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study group. Prenatal lead exposure had been assessed by measuring maternal bone lead levels at the mid-tibial shaft and the patella using a spot-source (109)Cd K-shell X-ray fluorescence instrument.We found an inverse dose-response relationship in which quartiles of patella lead correlated with cord LINE-1 methylation (p for trend = 0.01) and and tibia lead correlated with Alu methylation (p for trend = 0.05). In mixed effects regression models, maternal tibia lead was negatively associated with umbilical cord genomic DNA methylation of Alu (beta= -0.027; p = 0.01). We found no associations between cord blood lead and cord genomic DNA methylation.Prenatal lead exposure is inversely associated with genomic DNA methylation in cord blood. These data suggest that the epigenome of the developing fetus can be influenced by maternal cumulative lead burden, which may influence long-term epigenetic programming and disease susceptibility throughout the life course.
Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women: A Repeated Measures Analysis
Authors: Kelly K. Ferguson, Thomas F. McElrath, Yin-Hsiu Chen, Bhramar Mukherjee, John D. Meeker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Phthalate exposure occurs readily in the environment and has been associated with an array of health end points, including adverse birth outcomes. Some of these may be mediated by oxidative stress, a proposed mechanism for phthalate action.In the present study, we explored the associations between phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of oxidative stress measured in urine samples from multiple time points during pregnancy.Women were participants in a nested case-control study of preterm birth (n = 130 cases, n = 352 controls). Each was recruited early in pregnancy and followed until delivery, providing urine samples at up to four visits. Nine phthalate metabolites were measured to assess exposure, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and 8-isoprostane were also measured in urine as markers of oxidative stress. Associations were assessed using linear mixed models to account for intraindividual correlation, with inverse selection probability weightings based on case status to allow for greater generalizability.Interquartile range increases in phthalate metabolites were associated with significantly higher concentrations of both biomarkers. Estimated differences were greater in association with monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), and monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), compared with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolites.Urinary phthalate metabolites were associated with increased oxidative stress biomarkers in our study population of pregnant women. These relationships may be particularly relevant to the study of birth outcomes linked to phthalate exposure. Although replication is necessary in other populations, these results may also be of great importance for a range of other health outcomes associated with phthalates.
P3-109: Survival benefit of gefitinib in patients with good performance status and never-smoker: Retrospectiveanalysis of 359 Korean non-small-cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Sangcheol Lee, Myung-Ju Ahn, Byeogn-Bae Park, Yong Sang Hong, Sarah Park, In Gyu Hwang, Hyun Jung Jun, Jin Seok Ahn, Keunchil Park
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)