tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Central scheme for clinical negligence proposed
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Proposals for a pooling arrangement to cover clinical negligence claims against NHS trusts are outlined in a consultation paper issued by the Department of Health. They offer trusts an alternative method of funding negligence claims. In 1993-4 the NHS paid out about £100m in claims by patients for negligent treatment.

The proposed centralised scheme is at an early stage of development but the department says that the pool will be based on three fundamental principles:

It is not intended to shield NHS trusts fully from the costs arising from clinical negligence. This would depend on their ability to prevent incidents happening and reacting speedily to provide a remedy when they do.

The proposals aim to strike a balance between the right of patients to seek redress for clinical negligence through litigation and the right of the doctor, nurse, or midwife concerned to be defended against malicious accusations of negligence, as well as the need to achieve value for money from NHS resources.

Health minister Brian Mawhinney said that the new scheme would provide a simple financial mechanism to counter the cost of increasing litigation to the NHS. He said that it would give an incentive to trusts to strive …
168. Antitumoral Efficacy of Multiple Injection of JX-594 (Thymidine Kinase (TK) Deleted, Human GM-CSF Inserted Wyeth Strain) Via Tail Vein in N-Nitrosomorpholine (NNM) Treated Rats
Authors: Jae-seok Kim, June-Hyung Kim, Jong-yeong Oh, Byeong-ho Park, Jin-Han Yoon, Steve H. Thorne, David H. Kirn, Tae-ho Hwang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
RAPIDITY OF THE PULSE DEPENDENT UPON PERSISTENT DISTURBANCE OF THE VASOMOTOR MECHANISM
Authors: K. Boney
Journal: BMJ (1915)

The predicrotic wave is all but lost, whilst respiratory irregu- larity and hyperdicrotism appear.Such a fall of tension in an P.88 P sidudiwR" P.g 10 WAA1X old patient with moderately high arterial pressure indicate serious cardiac inadequacy.CASE It1.A woman, aged 63, suffering from beart failure, with oedema of the ankles, a mitral systolic murmur and a grossly irregular pulse.On exertion the irregularity becomes extreme, but the pressure varies with each arterial beat; the pulse is markedly p. In8 sii P. 170 50 steps exertion
Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Empyema
Authors: ANMOL S. MAHAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 July 1975Ultrasound in Diagnosis of EmpyemaANMOL S. MAHAL, M.D., ALLEN B. WEISSE, M.D., F.A.C.P., PAUL A. BOLANOWSKI, M.D., LEE B. REICHMAN, M.D., M.P.H, F.A.C.P.ANMOL S. MAHAL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALLEN B. WEISSE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL A. BOLANOWSKI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LEE B. REICHMAN, M.D., M.P.H, F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-1-123_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We have read with interest the article by Sandweiss and associates "Ultrasound in Diagnosis, Localization, and Treatment of Loculated Pleural Empyema" (Ann Intern Med 82:50-53, 1975).The authors concluded that "pleural empyema presents as an echo-free space with a sharp distal border. Fibrosis, on the other hand, shows multiple weak interval echoes and a relatively weak distal border due to the attenuation of sound within the inhomogeneous mass." They presented four cases to prove the above point. They added that "necrotic debris or clotted blood or both could produce echoes within an empyema causing confusion with fibrosis"... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Martland Hospital-College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey New Jersey Medical School Newark, New Jersey 07107 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byÉchographie thoracique en pneumologie 1 July 1975Volume 83, Issue 1Page: 123-124KeywordsBloodFibrosisUltrasound imaging Issue Published: 1 July 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Ability of a meta-analysis to prevent redundant research: systematic review of studies on pain from propofol injection
Authors: C. Habre, M. R. Tramer, D. M. Popping, N. Elia
Journal: BMJ (2014)

To examine whether, according to the conclusions of a 2000 systematic review with meta-analysis on interventions to prevent pain from propofol injection that provided a research agenda to guide further research on the topic, subsequently published trials were more often optimally blinded, reported on children, and used the most efficacious intervention as comparator; and to check whether the number of new trials published each year had decreased and whether the designs of trials that cited the review differed from those that did not.Systematic review comparing old trials (published before, and included in, the review) with new trials (published afterwards).Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and bibliographies to January 2013.Randomised studies testing any intervention to prevent pain from propofol injection in humans.136 new trials (19,778 patients) were retrieved. Compared with the 56 old trials (6264 patients), the proportion of optimally blinded trials had increased from 10.7% to 38.2% (difference 27.5%, 95% confidence interval 16.0% to 39.0%, P<0.001), and the proportion of trials that used the most efficacious intervention as comparator had increased from 12.5% to 27.9% (difference 15.4%, 4.0% to 26.9%, P=0.022). The proportion of paediatric trials had increased from 5.4% to 12.5%, although this was not significant (difference 7.1%, -1.0% to 15.2%, P=0.141). The number of new trials published each year was significantly higher (median number/year 12 (range 7-20) v 2.5 (0-9), P<0.001) with no obvious decreasing trend. 72.8% (n=99) of the new trials cited the review, with their designs similar to trials not citing the review. Only 36.0% (n=49) of the new trials were considered clinically relevant since they used the most efficacious intervention as comparator or included a paediatric population.The impact of the systematic review on the design of subsequent research was low. There was an improvement in the reporting of optimal blinding procedures and a tendency towards an increase in the proportion of paediatric trials. The most efficacious intervention was more often chosen as comparator but remained marginally used, and the number of trials published per year had not decreased. The use of systematic reviews should be encouraged to inform rational, and thus ethical, trial design and improve the relevance of new research.
Studies Probe Microbes in Raw Milk, Swine
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interaction between Mutant Ataxin-1 and PQBP-1 Affects Transcription and Cell Death
Authors: Hitoshi Okazawa, Tina Rich, Alex Chang, Xi Lin, Masaaki Waragai, Masunori Kajikawa, Yasushi Enokido, Akihiko Komuro, Seishi Kato, Masao Shibata, Hiroshi Hatanaka, M.Maral Mouradian, Marius Sudol, Ichiro Kanazawa
Journal: Neuron (2002)
Antihemophilic Factor VIII in Hemophilia
Authors: Joseph J. Mazza
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Seven surgical procedures were successfully performed on five patients suffering from classic hemophilia. Hemostasis was maintained by the use of three factor VIII concentrates: cryoprecipitate, American National Red Cross high-purity concentrate, and a lyophilized glycine-precipitated fraction. Significant hemorrhage occurred twice, in each instance when the patient's factor VIII levels fell below 20% of normal. The availability of satisfactory concentrates of factor VIII permits consideration of elective surgical procedures in the hemophiliac. It should be emphasized, however, that such operations should be undertaken only if the indications are unequivocal and the necessary clinical and laboratory facilities are available.
Comparison of maximal myocardial blood flow during adenosine infusion with that of intravenous dipyridamole in normal men
Authors: Sammy Y. Chan, Richard C. Brunken, Johannes Czernin, Gerold Porenta, William Kuhle, Janine Krivokapich, Michael E. Phelps, Heinrich R. Schelbert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Does length or eccentricity of coronary stenoses influence the outcome of transluminal dilatation?
Authors: B Meier, A R Gruentzig, J Hollman, T Ischinger, J M Bradford
Journal: Circulation (1983)

In 526 patients undergoing a first percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of a single native vessel, we studied the influence of length and eccentricity of the lesion on complications and primary success. Long stenoses (greater than or equal to 5 mm, n = 153) did not differ from short stenoses (less than or equal to 4 mm, n = 265) in terms of overall complications or gain in lumen diameter and distal pressure. Eccentric stenoses (n = 155) showed a lower rate of primary success than concentric stenoses (n = 338) (80% vs 89%, p less than 0.05). Inability to cross the stenosis was the main reason for failure. Stenoses that were long and eccentric (n = 51) had the highest incidence of complications (24%) and stenoses that were short and concentric (n = 177) the lowest (12%, p less than 0.05). However, the average outcome expressed by gain in lumen diameter and distal pressure was equal in both groups and is obviously more dependent on technical factors than on anatomy. Nevertheless, length and, particularly, eccentricity of a lesion constitute risk factors for PTCA. They may be overcome by technical skill and sophisticated equipment, such as steerable catheters.
OBSERVATIONS ON A STRAIN OF SPIROCHÆTA PALLIDA ISOLATED FROM THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Henry J. Nichols
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

A strain of Spirochœta pallida isolated from the nervous system has shown the following constant characters: (1) thick form; (2) the production of hard, well demarcated lesions with necrotic centers; (3) a characteristic location of the lesion; (4) a short incubation period; (5) a tendency to generalize with lesions of the skin and eye, following local inoculation of the testicle and scrotum. It is suggested that these characters constitute a definite strain of highly invasive power and that a classification of members of the pallida group may be made in accordance with this power.
Hepatitis B virus infection: A strong case against ageism
Authors: Daniela C. Kroy, Georg M. Lauer, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

HBV is a noncytopathic hepadnavirus and major human pathogen that causes immune-mediated acute and chronic hepatitis. The immune response to HBV antigens is age dependent: viral clearance occurs in most adults, while neonates and children usually develop chronic infection and liver disease. Here, we characterize an animal model for HBV infection that recapitulates the key differences in viral clearance between early life and adulthood and find that IL-21 may be part of an effective primary hepatic immune response to HBV. In our model, adult mice showed higher HBV-dependent IL-21 production in liver, compared with that of young mice. Conversely, absence of the IL-21 receptor in adult mice resulted in antigen persistence akin to that of young mice. In humans, levels of IL-21 transcripts were greatly increased in blood samples from acutely infected adults who clear the virus. These observations suggest a different model for the dichotomous, agedependent outcome of HBV infection in humans, in which decreased IL-21 production in younger patients may hinder generation of crucial CD8+ T and B cell responses. These findings carry implications for therapeutic augmentation of immune responses to HBV and potentially other persistent liver viruses.
FAILURES IN PSYCHIATRY: THE CHRONIC HOSPITAL PATIENT
Authors: NORMAN C. MORGAN, NELSON A. JOHNSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

1. The records of 2,166 patients who had been hospitalized continuously for two years or more were studied to identify the nature of the mental disease itself and to tabulate certain sociological resources which might play a part in the patient's failure to recover and return to the community. 2. Schizophrenics comprise 63% of the males and 67% of the females. Organic psychoses account for 20% of the males and 18% of the females, while functional psychoses other than schizophrenia make up the remaining 17% of the males and 15% of the females. 3. Median age of the males is 53 years and of the females 57 years. 4. At the time of admission only 22% of the males and 34% of the females were married. This proportion is now smaller, since some patients have been divorced or widowed since admission. 5. At the time of admission only 23% of the males and 27% of the females had both parents living ; many of these parents have since died. 6. Most of the chronic patients had a poor educational background. Eight grades of school or less represented the educational achievement of 74% of the males and 63% of the females. Only 13% of the males and 22% of the females had completed high school or more. 7. Occupational level is essentially that of unskilled labor—68% of the males and 70% of the females having no occupation or being unskilled laborers. Professional workers were almost nonexistent among the chronic males. 8. Whatever the number of living relatives, most of the chronic patients seem to have few interested relatives. Over the last two years the hospital received more than three letters of inquiry in only 9% of the male cases and in only 15% of the female cases. Only 8% of the total have more than 20 dollars while 69% have no personal spending money at all. 9. The data are compared with similar information obtained on 400 discharged patients. 10. Distinction is made between those patients who have become chronic and are described in this paper and the patients currently entering the hospital who are candidates for chronicity. Awareness of the social factors described may facilitate the manage- ment of these cases and help prevent chronicity.
Ganitumab (AMG 479) Inhibits IGF-II–Dependent Ovarian Cancer Growth and Potentiates Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Pedro J. Beltran, Frank J. Calzone, Petia Mitchell, Young-Ah Chung, Elaina Cajulis, Gordon Moody, Brian Belmontes, Chi-Ming Li, Steven Vonderfecht, Victor E. Velculescu, Guorong Yang, Jingwei Qi, Dennis J. Slamon, Gottfried E. Konecny
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-IR) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Ganitumab is an investigational, fully human monoclonal antibody against IGF-IR. Here, we explore the therapeutic potential of ganitumab for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Experimental Design: The effects of ganitumab were tested in vitro against a panel of 23 established ovarian cancer cell lines. The ability of ganitumab to inhibit IGF-I–, IGF-II–, and insulin-mediated signaling was examined in vitro and in tumor xenografts using ovarian cancer models displaying IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT pathway activation by two distinct mechanisms, PTEN loss and IGF-II overexpression. Drug interactions between ganitumab and cisplatin, carboplatin, or paclitaxel were studied in vitro and in vivo. Results: In vitro, growth inhibition varied significantly among individual ovarian cancer cell lines. IGF-II mRNA and phospho–IGF-IR protein expression were quantitatively correlated with response to ganitumab, and PTEN mutations conferred resistance to ganitumab. Ganitumab potently inhibited baseline and IGF-I–, IGF-II–, and insulin-induced IGF-IR and IGF-IR/insulin hybrid receptor signaling in vitro and in vivo. Synergistic and additive drug interactions were seen for ganitumab and carboplatin or paclitaxel in vitro. Furthermore, ganitumab significantly increased the efficacy of cisplatin in ovarian cancer xenograft models in vivo. Conclusions: These observations provide a biologic rationale to test ganitumab as a single agent or in combination with carboplatin/cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with ovarian cancer. Moreover, assessment of tumor expression of IGF-II, phospho–IGF-IR, or PTEN status may help select patients with ovarian cancer who are most likely to benefit from ganitumab. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2947–58. ©2014 AACR.
delta-Aminolevulinic acid synthetase in erythroblasts of patients with pyridoxine-responsive anemia. Hypercatabolism caused by the increased susceptibility to the controlling protease.
Authors: Y Aoki, S Muranaka, K Nakabayashi, Y Ueda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Properties of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase in erythroblasts of patients with pyridoxine-responsive anemia were investigated with special reference to the protease in mitochondria of erythroblasts. delta-Aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity in erythroblasts of patients with this disease before treatment was extremely decreased, whereas it gradually increased in parallel with the improvement of anemia by the therapy with pyridoxal phosphate. The amount of apo-delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase in erythroblasts before treatment was also extremely diminished. Apparent affinity to pyridoxal phosphate of the apo-delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase obtained from erythroblasts of the patients was almost the same as that of normal controls. The activity of a new protease which is considered to be engaged in the regulation of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase levels in mitochondria of erythroblasts was shown to be in normal range in erythroblasts of the patients. On the other hand, apo-delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase obtained from the patients was extremely sensitive to the protease. These results indicate that disturbance of heme synthesis characteristic to pyridoxine-responsive anemia could be ascribed to the hypercatabolism of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase caused by the increased susceptibility to the controlling protease in erythroblasts.
VDTs still beleaguered by worker complaints
Authors: Barbara Bolsen
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Solutions to some of the problems that workers complain of when using video display terminals (VDTs) may already be available. That suggestion came from several participants in a National Academy of Sciences (NAS) symposium on the impact of VDTs on vision. The VDT is a computerized typewriter with a television display screen. An estimated 7 to 10 million are in use in American offices, the majority by clerical workers, and rapid growth is projected, according to Edward Rinalducci, PhD, Georgia Institute of Technology (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1981; 246:110). Rinalducci heads the NAS Committee on Vision, which sponsored the recent two-day symposium as part of a 15-month study it is conducting for the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Evidence suggests that the way in which the VDT is used makes a considerable difference, said Marvin Dainoff, visiting scientist, NIOSH. Dainoff noted that journalists, who control their machines, report
Abstract 2049: Post transcriptional regulation of RhoB expression
Authors: Valerie Glorian, Gerard Maillot, Sophie Poles, Gilles Favre, Stephan Vagner
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Rho GTPases contribute to most steps of cancer initiation and progression, including the acquisition of unlimited proliferation potential, survival, tissue invasion and the establishment of metastases. By contrast to RhoA and RhoC, RhoB has been proposed to act as a tumor suppressor as it is activated in response to various stresses including UV exposure, and since it has been reported to inhibit tumor growth, cell migration and invasion. Unlike RhoA and RhoC, RhoB is often down regulated in human tumour tissues including lung and head and neck cancer and its expression is inversely correlated with tumor aggressiveness. However, the epigenetic regulation of RhoB expression in cancer cells remains to be elucidated. Since several recent works demonstrate that post-transcriptional deregulation of gene expression is involved in carcinogenesis, we have investigated the post-transcriptional regulation of RhoB expression. The RhoB 3’ untranslated region is well conserved between species and has numerous putative binding sites for post-transcriptional regulators such as mRNA binding proteins and microRNAs. By using luciferase assays and polysome analysis, we have found that the translation of the RhoB mRNA is regulated upon UV exposure. One specific miRNA, miR-19b whose expression is regulated by UV, directly targets the RhoB mRNA to control RhoB expression and UV-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, other post-transcriptionnal regulators involved in RhoB expression, such as the mRNA binding proteins HuR and TiaR were also indentified by functional assays using RNA interference strategy. Immunohistochemical analysis on a cohort of human lung tissues ranging from normal to invasive carcinoma are underway to detect a possible correlation between the expression of these proteins and RhoB downregulation in tumor. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2049.