tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hes1 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia development through FLT3 repression
Authors: T Kato, M Sakata-Yanagimoto, H Nishikii, M Ueno, Y Miyake, Y Yokoyama, Y Asabe, Y Kamada, H Muto, N Obara, K Suzukawa, Y Hasegawa, I Kitabayashi, K Uchida, A Hirao, H Yagita, R Kageyama, S Chiba
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Analysis of the p16 gene (CDKN2) as a candidate for the chromosome 9p melanoma susceptibility locus
Authors: A. Kamb, D. Shattuck-Eidens, R. Eeles, Q. Liu, N. A. Gruis, W. Ding, C. Hussey, T. Tran, Y. Miki, J. Weaver-Feldhaus, M. McClure, J. F. Aitken, D. E. Anderson, W. Bergman, R. Frants, D. E. Goldgar, A. Green, R. MacLennan, N. G. Martin, L. J. Meyer, P. Youl, J. J. Zone, M. H. Skolnick, L. A. Cannon-Albright
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
Women With Breast Cancer Who Opt for Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy May Overestimate Future Risk
Authors: Jill Jin
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular Characterization of Breast Cancer Core Biopsy Specimens by Gene Expression Analysis Using Standardized Quantitative RT-PCR.
Authors: J. Anderson, S. Shak, C. Millward, M. Labusch, I. Chen, D. Watson, F. Baehner
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Core biopsies (CBx) are increasingly the initial diagnostic procedure of choice for breast masses. Clinical studies of the 21 gene assay, which was optimized for small amounts of fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue, have been performed on core biopsies in the neoadjuvant setting (Gianni et al, JCO 2005 and Chang et al, Br Cancer Res Treat 2008). We report here the results of pathology review and quantitative RT-PCR analysis of a large number of CBx in clinical practice.Methods: Cases included all Oncotype DX tests reported by the Genomic Health laboratory from July 15, 2005 through May 31, 2009. Pathology review of H and E stained sections, manual microdissection, RNA quantification, and quantitative RT-PCR analysis for each gene were performed according to the pre-specified eligibility criteria and methods used in the NSABP and Kaiser Permanente clinical validation studies. Descriptive analysis was performed on de-identified data with IRB approval.Results: There were 103,863 submissions to the clinical laboratory, of which 11,757 (11.3%) were identified on pathology review as CBx. The initial submission success rate was 94.3% on all cases, and was slightly lower in the CBx (91.6%) than in surgical resections (SRx) (95.7%). The most common reason for initial failure was insufficient tumor or no tumor found in 5.6% of CBx and 3.0% of SRx. Insufficient RNA (&amp;lt;275 ng) was found in 2.6% of CBx and 0.3% of SRx. Other causes of failure, such as RT-PCR process failures, were uncommon. In 80% of cases of initial failure another specimen was submitted by the site; the success rate on the resubmissions was 80% for both initial CBx and initial SRx. Thus, the overall success rate was &amp;gt;97%. As expected, the rate of manual microdissection to remove non-tumor elements was higher in SRx than CBx (33.0 vs 3.9% of cases). In addition, the total yield of RNA, on average, was greater in SRx than CBx (4.2 µg vs 2.5 µg). The average Recurrence Score (RS) in CBx and SRx was similar - RS mean (±SD) = 18.9 (±12.4) in CBx and 19.7 (±11.3) in SRx. A wide range of RS was observed in CBx. The proportion of tumors with RS &amp;lt;18, 18 - 30, and ≥ 31 was 58.8%, 28.6%, and 12.6% in CBx and 52.3%, 35.6%, and 12.1% in SRx. The distributions of quantitative ER, PR, and HER2 in CBx were also similar to SRx.Conclusions: This large study indicates that quantitative RT-PCR analysis can be successfully performed on breast cancer core biopsies. Rigorous pathology review prior to gene expression analysis to identify cases with insufficient or no tumor is required to ensure the quality of gene expression analysis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6021.
FDG Uptake in the Diaphragm and Crura, Vocal Cords, and Base of Tongue in a Crying Child
Authors: Young Ha Park, Jun Hyun Baik, Myeong Im Ahn, Jee Young Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

The normal uptake and biodistribution patterns of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), as well as the physiological variants and benign pathologic conditions of FDG accumulation, should be recognized to identify malignant neoplasms or metastatic diseases. The authors describe the incidental uptake of FDG in the diaphragm, the crura, the tongue base, and the vocal cords using dual-modality PET/CT imaging in a crying child. Hyperventilation and hyperactivity of the associated muscles are thought to be the potential underlying mechanism of this condition.
An assessment of air toxics in Minnesota.
Authors: G C Pratt, K Palmer, C Y Wu, F Oliaei, C Hollerbach, M J Fenske
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We used monitoring and modeling to assess the concentrations of air toxics in the state of Minnesota. Model-predicted concentrations for 148 hazardous air pollutants were from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cumulative Exposure Project (1990 data). Monitoring data consisted of samples of volatile organic compounds, carbonyls, and particulate matter [Less than and equal to] 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter collected at 25 sites throughout the state for varying periods of time (up to 8 years; 1991-1998). Ten pollutants exceeded health benchmark values at one or more sites by modeling, monitoring, or both (including acrolein, arsenic, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, carbon tetrachloride, chromium, chloroform, ethylene dibromide, formaldehyde, and nickel). Polycyclic organic matter also exceeded the benzo[a]pyrene health benchmark value assumed to represent this class of pollutants. The highest modeled and monitored concentrations of most pollutants were near the center of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area; however, many smaller cities throughout the state also had elevated concentrations. Where direct comparisons were possible, monitored values often tended to exceed model estimates. Upper-bound excess lifetime inhalation cancer risks were estimated to range from 2.7 [times] 10(-5) to 140. 9 [times] 10(-5) (modeling) and 4.7 [times] 10(-5) to 11.0 [times] 10(-5) (using a smaller set of monitored carcinogens). Screening noncancer hazard indices summed over all end points ranged from 0.2 to 58.1 (modeling) and 0.6 to 2.0 (with a smaller set of monitored pollutants). For common sets of pollutants, the concentrations, cancer risks, and noncancer hazard indices were comparable between model-based estimates and monitored values. The inhalation cancer risk was apportioned to mobile sources (54%), area sources (22%), point sources (12%), and background (12%). This study provides evidence that air toxics are a public health concern in Minnesota.
Long-Term Trends in Childhood Diabetes Mortality: 1968–1998
Authors: John H. DiLiberti, Rodney A. Lorenz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

In the context of recent improvements in type 1 diabetes therapy, to describe longitudinal trends in mortality attributable to childhood diabetes and to investigate socioeconomic and health services correlates of mortality.We extracted mortality data for 1968-1998 from National Center for Health Statistics files and covariates from the Bureau of Health Professions Area Resource File. Analytical techniques included linear and Poisson regression and standard descriptive statistics.Childhood (defined as 0-19 years of age) age-adjusted mortality from diabetes declined from 9.5 (1968) to 3.0 (1984) deaths per 10 million but remained relatively constant subsequently. All-cause childhood mortality, however, continued to decline. Older children experienced higher mortality rates, as did those living in counties with higher levels of unemployment.Despite recent improvements in therapy, diabetes-related mortality among children has not declined for 14 years. This finding may be partially attributable to sociodemographic factors influencing access to care, but the remaining mortality may defy available treatment methods. Reducing childhood diabetes mortality rates below the current apparent plateau may require new prevention and/or treatment strategies.
Sudden Death after Myocardial Infarction — Who Needs Prophylaxis, and When?
Authors: Alfred E. Buxton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Although the age-adjusted mortality from cardiovascular disease has declined in recent years, the number of sudden deaths has risen.1 According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 63 percent of deaths from cardiovascular causes in the United States, or more than 450,000 events, in 1998 were sudden and unexpected, most being attributable to coronary disease. Sudden death is the end result of multiple processes, usually manifested electrocardiographically as ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia.The type of arrhythmia observed depends on the temporal relation to myocardial infarction. In the acute phase of myocardial infarction, the metabolic consequences of . . .
Circumcision Status and Risk of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Gregorio A. Millett
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that male circumcision reduces men's risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during heterosexual intercourse. Less is known about whether male circumcision provides protection against HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM).To quantitatively summarize the strength of the association between male circumcision and HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) across observational studies of MSM.Comprehensive search of databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, Sociofile, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and correspondence with researchers, to find published articles, conference proceedings, and unpublished reports through February 2008.Of 18 studies that quantitatively examined the association between male circumcision and HIV/STI among MSM, 15 (83%) met the selection criteria for the meta-analysis.Independent abstraction was conducted by pairs of reviewers using a standardized abstraction form. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.A total of 53,567 MSM participants (52% circumcised) were included in the meta-analysis. The odds of being HIV-positive were not significantly lower among MSM who were circumcised than uncircumcised (odds ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-1.11; number of independent effect sizes [k]=15) [corrected].). Higher study quality was associated with a reduced odds of HIV infection among circumcised MSM (beta, -0.415; P = .01). Among MSM who primarily engaged in insertive anal sex, the association between male circumcision and HIV was protective but not statistically significant (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-2.28; k=4) [corrected].Male circumcision had a protective association with HIV in studies of MSM conducted before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.69; k = 3).Neither the association between male circumcision and other STIs (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.15; k=8) nor its relationship with study quality was statistically significant (beta, 0.265; P=.47) [corrected].Pooled analyses of available observational studies of MSM revealed insufficient evidence that male circumcision protects against HIV infection or other STIs. However, the comparable protective effect of male circumcision in MSM studies conducted before the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, as in the recent male circumcision trials of heterosexual African men, supports further investigation of male circumcision for HIV prevention among MSM.
Exome sequencing identifies frequent mutation of ARID1A in molecular subtypes of gastric cancer
Authors: Kai Wang, Junsuo Kan, Siu Tsan Yuen, Stephanie T Shi, Kent Man Chu, Simon Law, Tsun Leung Chan, Zhengyan Kan, Annie S Y Chan, Wai Yin Tsui, Siu Po Lee, Siu Lun Ho, Anthony K W Chan, Grace H W Cheng, Peter C Roberts, Paul A Rejto, Neil W Gibson, David J Pocalyko, Mao Mao, Jiangchun Xu, Suet Yi Leung
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
A Secreted Isoform of ErbB3 Promotes Osteonectin Expression in Bone and Enhances the Invasiveness of Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Nanyue Chen, Xiang-Cang Ye, Khoi Chu, Nora M. Navone, E. Helene Sage, Li-Yuan Yu-Lee, Christopher J. Logothetis, Sue-Hwa Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The propensity for prostate cancer to metastasize to bone led us and others to propose that bidirectional interactions between prostate cancer cells and bone are critical for the preferential metastasis of prostate cancer to bone. We identified previously a secreted isoform of ErbB3 (p45-sErbB3) in bone marrow supernatant samples from men with prostate cancer and bone metastasis and showed by immunohistochemical analysis of human tissue specimens that p45-sErbB3 was highly expressed in metastatic prostate cancer cells in bone. Here, we show that p45-sErbB3 stimulated mouse calvaria to secrete factors that increased the invasiveness of prostate cancer cells in a Boyden chamber invasion assay. Using gene array analysis to identify p45-sErbB3–responsive genes, we found that p45-sErbB3 up-regulated the expression of osteonectin/SPARC, biglycan, and type I collagen in calvaria. We further show that recombinant osteonectin increased the invasiveness of PC-3 cells, whereas osteonectin-neutralizing antibodies blocked this p45-sErbB3–induced invasiveness. These results indicate that p45-sErbB3 enhances the invasiveness of PC-3 cells in part by stimulating the secretion of osteonectin by bone. Thus, p45-sErbB3 may mediate the bidirectional interactions between prostate cancer cells and bone via osteonectin. [Cancer Res 2007;67(14):6544–8]
Radiologic-pathologic correlation of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with internal radiation using yttrium-90 microspheres
Authors: Ahsun Riaz, Laura Kulik, Robert J. Lewandowski, Robert K. Ryu, Georgia Giakoumis Spear, Mary F. Mulcahy, Michael Abecassis, Talia Baker, Vanessa Gates, Ritu Nayar, Frank H. Miller, Kent T. Sato, Reed A. Omary, Riad Salem
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

We present the correlation between radiologic and pathologic findings in HCC patients who underwent radioembolization with yttrium-90 ((90)Y) microspheres prior to resection or transplantation. Thirty-five patients with a total of 38 lesions who underwent liver explantation after (90)Y radioembolization were studied. Imaging surrogates following treatment were evaluated; the explants were examined for assessment of necrosis by pathology. The correlation between radiologic and histologic findings of the treated lesions was analyzed. Twenty-three of 38 (61%) target lesions showed complete pathologic necrosis. All target lesions demonstrated some degree of histologic necrosis at explant. Complete histologic necrosis was seen in 89% of lesions with pretreatment size <3 cm. Complete pathologic necrosis was seen in 100%, 78%, and 93% of the lesions that were shown to have complete response by European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) necrosis criteria, partial response by World Health Organizaton (WHO) criteria, or thin rim enhancement on posttreatment imaging, respectively. In contrast, complete pathologic necrosis was seen in only 52% and 38% of the lesions that showed partial response by EASL criteria and peripheral nodular enhancement, respectively.Post-radioembolization imaging findings of response by EASL and WHO criteria are predictive of the degree of pathologic necrosis. Rim enhancement was an imaging characteristic that correlated well with histologic necrosis.
Richard Gore Benians
Authors: Robin Benians
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former geriatrician Southend (b 1916; q Cambridge1940; FRCP, MD), died on 27 December 2003​2003




Figure 1




Richard considered a career in paediatrics, but his revulsion at the death of some of the premature babies dissuaded him. Ever practical, Richard turned his hand to constructing home made incubators from scrap materials. He served in the Royal Army Medical Corps in Syria, Egypt, and Palestine, and he took part in the Sicily landings. In 1959 he was appointed consultant geriatrician and physician in Southend, where he worked until retirement in 1986. Richard was a dinghy sailor and a keen experimental horticulturalist, and made wine out of everything. He leaves a wife, Edith Florence; three children; and eight grandchildren.
The future of clinical negligence litigation?
Authors: Brian Capstick
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The UK's proposed reforms of claims for clinical injury risk fuelling a compensation culture About 7500 clinical negligence claims are brought each year in England.1 The current system has been criticised by some as complex, inequitable, and expensive in terms of time and legal fee. However, the cost of negligence claims in 2001-2 was £446m,2 less than 1% of the budget for the NHS. Last year, the chief medical officer published a consultation document, Making Amends , which set out proposals for a NHS redress scheme that would provide adjudication for certain clinical negligence claims without the need for legal proceedings.2 It draws on experience in the United States, New Zealand, France, and Scandinavia, which have similar problems. So how will the proposals work, and what will they mean for the NHS? The proposed NHS redress scheme will provide an administrative rather than a judicial route for claims up to £30 000 (€43 640, $54 420) and claims arising from severe neurological impairment related to birth (box). Initially, these schemes would apply only to the hospital sector but would eventually be extended to primary care. The redress scheme proposes that hospitals investigate all adverse events, not only in response to a complaint or claim by the patient. Making Amends predicts about 850 000 adverse events a year, many more than the 33 000 complaints concerning hospital care or the 6797 new clinical claims reported to the NHS Litigation Authority in 2002-3. Although prompt investigation of adverse events that lead to serious injury is a sound risk management measure,3 investigating the larger number of adverse events that cause only minor harm will greatly increase the workload. ### Proposals for NHS redress scheme2
Full engagement in health
Authors: Sunjai Gupta
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—In their editorial on full engagement in health Coulter and Rozansky refer to the benefits of chronic disease self management and the need to build health literacy among patients.1

In England the expert patient programme is one route to realise the benefits of such management and the skilled for health programme a route to build health literacy (S Gupta, seventh European health forum, Gastein, October 2004).2

Coulter and Rozansky also refer to the role of patient empowerment in public health. However, self efficacy, which underlies chronic disease self management, is also associated with a healthy lifestyle. Thus the principles underlying the expert patient programme could be extended to the whole population. Promoting such self regulation of health related behaviour could have enormous benefits in improving health outcomes and containing healthcare costs.3 This is also entirely consistent with the philosophy underlying the new white paper Choosing Health, which aims to support individuals to make informed choices about their health.4
Controlled human exposure to methyl tertiary butyl ether in gasoline: symptoms, psychophysiologic and neurobehavioral responses of self-reported sensitive persons.
Authors: N Fiedler, K Kelly-McNeil, S Mohr, P Lehrer, R E Opiekun, C Lee, T Wainman, R Hamer, C Weisel, R Edelberg, P J Lioy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The 1990 Clean Air Act mandated oxygenation of gasoline in regions where carbon monoxide standards were not met. To achieve this standard, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) was increased to 15% by volume during winter months in many locations. Subsequent to the increase of MTBE in gasoline, commuters reported increases in symptoms such as headache, nausea, and eye, nose, and throat irritation. The present study compared 12 individuals selected based on self-report of symptoms (self-reported sensitives; SRSs) associated with MTBE to 19 controls without self-reported sensitivities. In a double-blind, repeated measures, controlled exposure, subjects were exposed for 15 min to clean air, gasoline, gasoline with 11% MTBE, and gasoline with 15% MTBE. Symptoms, odor ratings, neurobehavioral performance on a task of driving simulation, and psychophysiologic responses (heart and respiration rate, end-tidal CO(2), finger pulse volume, electromyograph, finger temperature) were measured before, during, and immediately after exposure. Relative to controls, SRSs reported significantly more total symptoms when exposed to gasoline with 15% MTBE than when exposed to gasoline with 11% MTBE or to clean air. However, these differences in symptoms were not accompanied by significant differences in neurobehavioral performance or psychophysiologic responses. No significant differences in symptoms or neurobehavioral or psychophysiologic responses were observed when exposure to gasoline with 11% MTBE was compared to clean air or to gasoline. Thus, the present study, although showing increased total symptoms among SRSs when exposed to gasoline with 15% MTBE, did not support a dose-response relationship for MTBE exposure nor the symptom specificity associated with MTBE in epidemiologic studies.
Sciatica and Chymopapain
Authors: D. A. H. Yates
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Arthritis of the middle ear in ankylosing spondylitis 659Bilateral middle ear tomograms showed increased opacity and thickness of the right ossicular joints in the 16*8 cm layer due to sclerosis, increased radio- opacity of the left tympanic cavity, normal relations of the ossicular chain with the inferior wall process, and normal radio-opacity of the antrum and atrium.Pure-tone audiometry (Fig. 1) showed bilateral progressive conductive hearing loss.The Weber test was central, the Rinne test was negative, and Bing and Gelle's tests were unchanged.With speech