tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obstetricians' Prior Malpractice Experience and Patients' Satisfaction With Care
Authors: Gerald B. Hickson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To examine the relationship between prior physician malpractice experience and patients' satisfaction with care.Women were interviewed using a questionnaire that contained structured and open-ended questions.Mothers of all stillborn infants, infant deaths, and a random sampling of viable infants drawn from 1987 Florida Vital Statistics were sorted into four groups based on the malpractice claims experience of their obstetricians between 1983 and 1986. Interviews were completed with 963 of 1536 women, most by telephone, 53 by in-person interview.Mothers' responses to closed-ended and open-ended questions about their perceptions of the care they received during their pregnancy, labor, and delivery.Even though none of the women actually filed a claim, a consistent pattern of differences emerged when comparing women's perceptions of care received. Patients seeing physicians with the most frequent numbers of claims but without high payments were significantly more likely to complain that they felt rushed, never received explanations for tests, and were ignored. In response to the open-ended question, "What part of your care were you least satisfied with?" women seeing physicians in the High Frequency malpractice risk group offered twice as many complaints as those seeing physicians who had never been sued. Problems with physician-patient communication were the most commonly offered complaints.Physicians who have been sued frequently are more often the objects of complaints about the interpersonal care they provide even by their patients who do not sue.
Trauma to the urinary tract.
Authors: S H Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1971)

strains and 11 antibiotics, with the findings of Dr. Stokes's and Professor Mary Barber's departments.In all, the participating labo- ratories reported on 3,386 tests, and only 114 of their results were classified as errors.On this basis, 97 % of their reports were "correct".The clinicians who depend on us for vitally important information may find this figure more reassuring.
Serum interleukin 12 concentration in juvenile chronic arthritis
Authors: M Gattorno, P Picco, S Vignola, F Stalla, A Buoncompagni, V Pistoia
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> The aim of this study was to evaluate serum interleukin (IL) 12 concentration in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), according to disease subtype, activity, and duration. IL12 has been demonstrated to prime the selective expansion of T helper (Th) cells with a Th1-type pattern of cytokine production. <h3>METHODS</h3> Sixty eight serum samples from 50 JCA patients (12 systemic, 12 polyarticular, 26 pauciarticular), 20 serum samples from age matched healthy controls were tested with two different immunoassays specific for total IL12 (p40 and p70 heterodimer) and for IL12 (p70) heterodimer, respectively. The following disease activity parameters were evaluated: (a) presence of arthritis at least in one joint, (b) physician global estimate of disease activity, (c) disability index according to the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), (d) C reactive protein (CRP). <h3>RESULTS</h3> Total IL12 (p40 and p70 heterodimer) was significantly higher in JCA active patients than in those on clinical remission and in healthy controls (p &lt; 0.001). Conversely, detectable concentrations of IL12 (p70) heterodimer were found in three active JCA patients only. Moreover, total IL12 (p40 and p70 heterodimer) showed a significant negative correlation both with time from disease diagnosis (<i>r</i> = −0.29, p = 0.04) and, for the pauciarticular subgroup, with disease activity duration (<i>r</i> = − 0.71, p &lt; 0.001). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> This study shows that the p40 moiety of IL12 is increased in serum samples from active JCA patients, especially in the earliest phases of the disease, whereas biological active IL12 (p70) heterodimer is virtually undetectable.
The promotion of functional urinary bladder regeneration using anti-inflammatory nanofibers
Authors: Matthew I. Bury, Natalie J. Fuller, Jay W. Meisner, Matthias D. Hofer, Matthew J. Webber, Lesley W. Chow, Sheba Prasad, Hatim Thaker, Xuan Yue, Vani S. Menon, Edward C. Diaz, Samuel I. Stupp, Earl Y. Cheng, Arun K. Sharma
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Long-term clinical impact of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Masato Komori, Nobukazu Yuki, Takayuki Nagaoka, Masatoshi Yamashiro, Kiyoshi Mochizuki, Akira Kaneko, Keiji Yamamoto, Kazumasa Hikiji, Michio Kato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Phase III Trial of Bevacizumab Plus Interferon Alfa Versus Interferon Alfa Monotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Final Results of CALGB 90206
Authors: Brian I. Rini, Susan Halabi, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Walter M. Stadler, Daniel A. Vaena, Laura Archer, James N. Atkins, Joel Picus, Piotr Czaykowski, Janice Dutcher, Eric J. Small
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Bevacizumab is an antibody that binds vascular endothelial growth factor and has activity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) is the historic standard initial treatment for RCC. A prospective, randomized, phase III trial of bevacizumab plus IFN-alpha versus IFN-alpha monotherapy was conducted.Patients with previously untreated, metastatic clear cell RCC were randomly assigned to receive either bevacizumab (10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks) plus IFN-alpha (9 million units subcutaneously three times weekly) or the same dose and schedule of IFN-alpha monotherapy in a multicenter phase III trial. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate, and safety.Seven hundred thirty-two patients were enrolled. The median OS time was 18.3 months (95% CI, 16.5 to 22.5 months) for bevacizumab plus IFN-alpha and 17.4 months (95% CI, 14.4 to 20.0 months) for IFN-alpha monotherapy (unstratified log-rank P = .097). Adjusting on stratification factors, the hazard ratio was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.73 to 1.01; stratified log-rank P = .069) favoring bevacizumab plus IFN-alpha. There was significantly more grade 3 to 4 hypertension (HTN), anorexia, fatigue, and proteinuria for bevacizumab plus IFN-alpha. Patients who developed HTN on bevacizumab plus IFN-alpha had a significantly improved PFS and OS versus patients without HTN.OS favored the bevacizumab plus IFN-alpha arm but did not meet the predefined criteria for significance. HTN may be a biomarker of outcome with bevacizumab plus IFN-alpha.
SOME ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOMICROGRAPHS OF B. SUBTILIS
Authors: Ralph W. G. Wyckoff, Adrian L. Ter Louw
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. Type-specific antipneumococcus immunity has been induced in rabbits by immunization with antigen prepared by combining a specific derivative of the capsular polysaccharide of Type III Pneumococcus with globulin from horse serum. 2. Rabbits immunized with this antigen acquire active immunity against infection with virulent Type III pneumococci. 3. The sera of the immune rabbits contain type-specific antibodies which precipitate the Type III capsular polysaccharide, agglutinate Type III pneumococci, and specifically protect mice against Type III infection. 4. The experimental data are discussed with reference to: (1) the concurrence in the immune sera of type-specific antibodies for Pneumococcus and precipitins for horse globulin; (2) the determining influence of the capsular polysaccharide on the specificity of the antigen as a whole; (3) the unity of the type-specific precipitins, agglutinins, and protective antibodies induced by a single compo of the pneu mococcus in chemical union with an unrelated, animal protein.
Mycobacterial Skin Infection by an Unidentified Species
Authors: ROGER A. FELDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Twenty-nine patients from a geographically limited area, predominantly in Minnesota and Southern Manitoba, had myobacterial skin infection. Acid-fast bacilli were found in biopsy specimens of the lesions but could not be cultured. The patients presented most frequently in winter months and most often had lymph node swelling and an associated positive tuberculin test. They responded to local excision or antituberculous therapy, or both. It is suggested that these patients had primary skin infections, with a single species of mycobacterium, and they represent a previously undescribed clinical problem.
Receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK) and its ligand RANK-L coincide with expression of rapamycin receptor FKBP12 in neointimal dendritic cells
Authors: Alexander Jabs, Dirk Skowasch, Margaret Forney Prescott, Berndt Lüderitz, Gerhard Bauriedel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Genomic signatures of near-extinction and rebirth of the crested ibis and other endangered bird species
Authors: Shengbin Li, Bo Li, Cheng Cheng, Zijun Xiong, Qingbo Liu, Jianghua Lai, Hannah V Carey, Qiong Zhang, Haibo Zheng, Shuguang Wei, Hongbo Zhang, Liao Chang, Shiping Liu, Shanxin Zhang, Bing Yu, Xiaofan Zeng, Yong Hou, Wenhui Nie, Youmin Guo, Teng Chen, Jiuqiang Han, Jian Wang, Jun Wang, Chen Chen, Jiankang Liu, Peter J Stambrook, Ming Xu, Guojie Zhang, M Thomas P Gilbert, Huanming Yang, Erich D Jarvis, Jun Yu, Jianqun Yan
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Nearly one-quarter of all avian species is either threatened or nearly threatened. Of these, 73 species are currently being rescued from going extinct in wildlife sanctuaries. One of the previously most critically-endangered is the crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. Once widespread across North-East Asia, by 1981 only seven individuals from two breeding pairs remained in the wild. The recovering crested ibis populations thus provide an excellent example for conservation genomics since every individual bird has been recruited for genomic and demographic studies.Using high-quality genome sequences of multiple crested ibis individuals, its thriving co-habitant, the little egret, Egretta garzetta, and the recently sequenced genomes of 41 other avian species that are under various degrees of survival threats, including the bald eagle, we carry out comparative analyses for genomic signatures of near extinction events in association with environmental and behavioral attributes of species. We confirm that both loss of genetic diversity and enrichment of deleterious mutations of protein-coding genes contribute to the major genetic defects of the endangered species. We further identify that genetic inbreeding and loss-of-function genes in the crested ibis may all constitute genetic susceptibility to other factors including long-term climate change, over-hunting, and agrochemical overuse. We also establish a genome-wide DNA identification platform for molecular breeding and conservation practices, to facilitate sustainable recovery of endangered species.These findings demonstrate common genomic signatures of population decline across avian species and pave a way for further effort in saving endangered species and enhancing conservation genomic efforts.
Assessing Public Health Emergency Preparedness: Concepts, Tools, and Challenges
Authors: Christopher Nelson, Nicole Lurie, Jeffrey Wasserman
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2006)

Policymakers are increasingly seeking to determine whether the federal government's recent investments in public health preparedness have left the public health system better prepared to respond to large-scale public health emergencies. Yet, there remain questions about how to define "public health emergency preparedness," how much preparedness is enough, and how preparedness can be measured and assessed. This chapter identifies the key challenges associated with measuring public health preparedness and reviews approaches currently in use. We also identify some emerging measurement techniques that might help address some of these challenges.
Evidence that cytokine-mediated immune interactions induced by Schistosoma mansoni alter disease outcome in mice concurrently infected with Trichuris muris.
Authors: A J Curry, K J Else, F Jones, A Bancroft, R K Grencis, D W Dunne
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

In murine models of Schistosoma mansoni infection, egg production is associated with a switch from T helper cell (Th)1- to Th2-type responses to both schistosome-specific and unrelated antigens. Polyparasitism is common in human populations within S. mansoni endemic areas. We have, therefore, examined whether coinfection with S. mansoni could affect the outcome of a second parasitic infection, through Th2 cytokine-dependent modifications to the host immune response. We find that when mice susceptible to infection with the gut nematode Trichuris muris are coinfected with S. mansoni, they acquire the capacity to resolve T. muris infection, thus demonstrating a resistant phenotype. This ability to expel T. muris is associated with the production of Th2-associated cytokines, and corresponding antibody isotypes, in response to S. mansoni egg antigens. The Th2 response shows that there is no compartmentalization between spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, and that the expulsion of T. muris is not caused by any changes in the host intestine associated with excretion of schistosome eggs. This influence of schistosome infections may be important, not only for the outcome of infections with unrelated pathogens in endemic areas, but also for the efficacy of vaccines in such areas.
TCT-851 Outcomes with first- vs. second- generation drug-eluting stents in coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs): systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Viswanatha Lanka, Vishal G. Patel, Bilal Saeed, Bavana Rangan, Shuaib Abdullah, Jerrold Grodin, Subhash Banerjee, Emmanouil Brilakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Role of tumor cell immune escape mechanisms in cytomegalovirus‐mediated oncomodulation
Authors: Jindrich Cinatl, Martin Scholz, Hans Wilhelm Doerr
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2004)

Abstract It has been known for a long time that cytomegalovirus (CMV) has evolved mechanisms that allow the escape from the host immune surveillance. In the past, many efforts have been done to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this virus‐mediated immune escape and thus virus persistence. However, it is unknown, whether CMV may also impair immune responses directed against tumor cells. This might have severe consequences on tumor progression and may explain the growing evidence for CMV‐mediated oncomodulation. This review summarizes recent work on CMV‐mediated immune escape mechanisms of tumor cells and oncomodulation and proposes novel aspects that may be important for understanding the CMV‐associated tumor progression. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Radial artery access for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: R Andrew Archbold, Nicholas M Robinson, Richard J Schilling
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Abnormal liver function after an unplanned consultationThis case was described on 31 July and 7 August (BMJ 2004;329, 273 and 342).Debate on the management of the patient continues on bmj.com/cgi/content/full/329/7460/273#responses).On 28 August we will publish the outcome of the case together with commentaries on the issues raised by the management and online discussion from the patient and relevant experts.
Adalimumab alone and in combination with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in clinical practice: the Research in Active Rheumatoid Arthritis (ReAct) trial
Authors: G. R Burmester, X. Mariette, C. Montecucco, I. Monteagudo-Saez, M. Malaise, A. G Tzioufas, J. W J Bijlsma, K. Unnebrink, S. Kary, H. Kupper
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of adalimumab alone or in combination with standard disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <b>Methods:</b> Patients with active RA despite treatment with DMARDs or prior treatment with a tumour necrosis factor antagonist participated in a multicentre, open-label clinical study of adalimumab 40 mg every other week for 12 weeks with an optional extension phase. Patients were allowed to continue with pre-existing traditional DMARDs. Long-term safety results are reported for all patients (4210 patient-years (PYs) of adalimumab exposure). The observed effectiveness results at week 12 are reported using American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. <b>Results:</b> Among the 6610 treated patients, adalimumab was generally well tolerated. Serious infections occurred in 3.1% of patients (5.5/100 PYs, including active tuberculosis, 0.5/100 PYs). Demyelinating disease (0.06%) and systemic lupus erythematosus (0.03%) were rare serious adverse events. The standardised incidence ratio of malignancy was 0.71 (95% CI 0.49 to 1.01). The standardised mortality ratio was 1.07 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.49). At week 12, 69% of patients achieved an ACR20 response, 83% a moderate, and 33% a good EULAR response. Adalimumab was effective in combination with a variety of DMARDs. The addition of adalimumab to antimalarials was comparably effective to the combination of adalimumab and methotrexate. <b>Conclusions:</b> Considering the limitations of an open-label study, adalimumab alone or in combination with standard DMARDs appeared to be well tolerated and effective in 6610 difficult-to-treat patients with active RA treated in clinical practice.
Asthmatic Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Stimulation of Collagen Production
Authors: ANNETTE T. HASTIE, WALTER K. KRAFT, KRISTIN B. NYCE, JAMES G. ZANGRILLI, ALI I. MUSANI, JAMES E. FISH, STEPHEN P. PETERS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Epithelial injury and subepithelial collagen deposition are characteristic of asthma. We hypothesized that epithelial cell proliferation increases after airway injury in asthmatics, that epithelial cells stimulate lung myofibroblast collagen production, and that both processes are modulated by allergen-recruited inflammatory cells. Epithelial cells obtained at baseline, 1 d, and 1 and 2 wk after endobronchial allergen challenge from asthmatics and nonasthmatics were placed in culture, with and without bronchoalveolar lavage cells obtained from the same segment. Epithelial cell proliferation and collagen synthesis by human lung myofibroblasts stimulated with culture medium from these epithelial cells were determined. Epithelial proliferation increased (108 ± 50% above baseline, p = 0.01 for d, and p = 0.004 for group × day interaction) 1 wk postchallenge in cells from asthmatics, but not from nonasthmatics, and required bronchoalveolar lavage cell coculture. Culture medium from epithelium harvested from asthmatics, but not from nonasthmatics, at 1 to 2 wk postchallenge stimulated collagen type III production 50% to 70% (p = 0.043 for clinical group, p = 0.012 for day, and p = 0.022 for group × day interaction), but not collagen type I. This effect was independent of an acute eosinophilic response. We conclude that epithelial cells from asthmatics, but not from nonasthmatics, are stimulated to proliferate after allergen challenge, and over 1 to 2 wk postchallenge, stimulate collagen type III synthesis by lung myofibroblasts. Epithelial cell proliferation appears dependent upon infiltrating inflammatory cells, but stimulation of collagen type III does not.
Monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy.
Authors: R K Oldham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1983)

The need for improved specificity in cancer therapy is apparent. With the advent of monoclonal antibodies, the possibility of specifically targeted therapy is being considered. Early trials of monoclonal antibody in experimental animals and humans have indicated its ability to traffic to specific tumor sites and to localize on or around the tumor cells displaying antigens to which the antibody is directed. This evidence of specific targeting, along with preliminary evidence of therapeutic efficacy for monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates with drugs, toxins, and isotopes is encouraging. The current status of clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies is reviewed and an example of the experimental approach for the development of immunoconjugates in animal models is presented.
Preoperative staging of carcinoma of the bronchus: can computed tomographic scanning reliably identify stage III tumours?
Authors: P G White, H Adams, M D Crane, E G Butchart
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--The aim of preoperative computed tomographic (CT) assessment of patients with carcinoma of the bronchus is to stage the tumour accurately, and forewarn the surgeon of any possible local extrapulmonary extension of tumour in patients considered to have potentially resectable disease. The ability of CT scanning to differentiate between conventionally resectable lung cancer (TNM stages I and II), locally advanced but resectable lung cancer (TNM stage IIIa), and locally advanced but unresectable lung cancer (TNM stage IIIb) was determined in a group of patients accepted for surgery. METHODS--Computed tomographic scans of 110 patients who underwent thoracotomy for intended resection of carcinoma of the bronchus, including 52 cases with stage III and 58 cases with stage I or II disease, were reviewed and the CT features and radiological interpretations correlated with the surgical and pathological findings. RESULTS--Thirteen CT scans were judged not to have been of diagnostic quality: of the remaining 97 cases 45 had stage III lung cancer, of whom 30 had successful resections, and 52 had stage I or stage II tumours. There was no difference in the frequencies of CT observations--including contiguity of tumour and mediastinum or chest wall, apparent mediastinal or chest wall invasion, proximity of tumour to the carina, mediastinal nodal enlargement, pulmonary collapse or consolidation and pleural effusion--in patients with stage I/II disease and patients with stage III disease. Similar results were found when the same observations were compared in all patients with resected disease and those with unresectable tumour. Sensitivity and specificity of CT was 27% and 96% respectively for tumour unresectability, 50% and 89% for mediastinal invasion, 14% and 99% for chest wall invasion, and 61% and 76% for mediastinal nodal metastases. Only 19 of 45 stage III tumours were correctly identified as being stage III and resectable or unresectable. CONCLUSIONS--In patients being considered for thoracotomy for resection of lung cancer, CT scanning used as the sole method of staging is of limited value for differentiating between stage I/II and stage III tumours. Patients should not be denied the opportunity for curative surgery on the basis of equivocal CT signs.