tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical evidence of benefits of a dietary supplement containing probiotic and carotenoids on ultraviolet-induced skin damage
Authors: D. Bouilly-Gauthier, C. Jeannes, Y. Maubert, L. Duteil, C. Queille-Roussel, N. Piccardi, C. Montastier, P. Manissier, G. Piérard, J.-P. Ortonne
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Clinical evidence of benefits of a dietary supplement containing probiotic and carotenoids on ultraviolet‐induced skin damage Get access D. Bouilly‐Gauthier, D. Bouilly‐Gauthier Research and Development, Laboratoires innéov, 25–29 Quai Aulagnier, 92665 Asnières sur Seine cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Jeannes, C. Jeannes Research and Development, Laboratoires innéov, 25–29 Quai Aulagnier, 92665 Asnières sur Seine cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Maubert, Y. Maubert Centre de Pharmacologie, Clinique Appliquée à la Dermatologie, Nice, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Duteil, L. Duteil Centre de Pharmacologie, Clinique Appliquée à la Dermatologie, Nice, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Queille‐Roussel, C. Queille‐Roussel Centre de Pharmacologie, Clinique Appliquée à la Dermatologie, Nice, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Piccardi, N. Piccardi Research and Development, Laboratoires innéov, 25–29 Quai Aulagnier, 92665 Asnières sur Seine cedex, France Nathalie Piccardi. E‐mail: npiccardi@rd.loreal.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Montastier, C. Montastier COMETAP, Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Manissier, P. Manissier Research and Development, Laboratoires innéov, 25–29 Quai Aulagnier, 92665 Asnières sur Seine cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Piérard, G. Piérard Service de Dermatopathologie, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.‐P. Ortonne J.‐P. Ortonne Service de Dermatologie, CHU L'Archet 2, Nice, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 163, Issue 3, 1 September 2010, Pages 536–543, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09888.x Published: 01 September 2010
Nongenomic effects of 17β-estradiol in human platelets: potentiation of thrombin-induced aggregation through estrogen receptor β and Src kinase
Authors: Laura Moro, Stefania Reineri, Daniela Piranda, Daniela Pietrapiana, Paolo Lova, Alessandra Bertoni, Andrea Graziani, Paola Defilippi, Ilaria Canobbio, Mauro Torti, Fabiola Sinigaglia
Journal: Blood (2004)
Adult pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis
Authors: A. Tazi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Adult pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is a rare disorder of unknown aetiology that occurs predominantly in young smokers, with an incidence peak at 20–40 yrs of age. In adults, pulmonary involvement with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis usually occurs as a single-system disease and is characterised by focal Langerhans' cell granulomas infiltrating and destroying distal bronchioles. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest is essential to the diagnosis, typically showing a combination of nodules, cavitated nodules, and thick- and thin-walled cysts. A high macrophage count in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is a common but nonspecific finding that merely reflects exposure to tobacco smoke. BAL is useful for eliminating infections and the other infiltrating lung disorders that can be seen in young adults. Langerhans' cells can be identified in BAL fluid, but, in contrast to what was initially hoped, this test shows a very low sensitivity and is rarely useful in the diagnosis of the disease. The definite diagnosis of pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis requires identification of Langerhans' cell granulomas, which is usually achieved by surgical lung biopsy at a site selected by chest HRCT. In practice, however, lung biopsy is performed on a case-by-case basis. No effective treatment is available to date, and improved understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is urgently needed, and should help in the development of specific therapeutic strategies for patients with this orphan disease.
The skin is an important bulwark of acquired immunity against intestinal helminths
Authors: Kazushige Obata-Ninomiya, Kenji Ishiwata, Hidemitsu Tsutsui, Yuichiro Nei, Soichiro Yoshikawa, Yohei Kawano, Yoshiyuki Minegishi, Nobuo Ohta, Naohiro Watanabe, Hirotaka Kanuka, Hajime Karasuyama
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2013)

Once animals have experienced a helminthic infection, they often show stronger protective immunity against subsequent infections. Although helminthic infections are well known to elicit Th2-type immune responses, it remains ill-defined where and how acquired protection is executed. Here we show that skin-invading larvae of the intestinal helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis are surrounded by skin-infiltrating cells and are prevented from migrating out of infected skin during the second but not the first infection. B cell– or IgE receptor FcεRI–deficient mice showed impaired larval trapping in the skin. Selective ablation of basophils, but not mast cells, abolished the larval trapping, leading to increased worm burden in the lung and hence severe lung injury. Skin-infiltrating basophils produced IL-4 that in turn promoted the generation of M2-type macrophages, leading to the larval trapping in the skin through arginase-1 production. Basophils had no apparent contribution to worm expulsion from the intestine. This study thus reveals a novel mode of acquired antihelminth immunity, in which IgE-armed basophils mediate skin trapping of larvae, thereby limiting lung injury caused by larval migration.
Immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis shares genetic susceptibility with multiple myeloma
Authors: N. Weinhold, A. Försti, M. I. da Silva Filho, J. Nickel, C. Campo, P. Hoffmann, M. M. Nöthen, D. Hose, H. Goldschmidt, A. Jauch, C. Langer, U. Hegenbart, S. O. Schönland, Kari Hemminki
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Improving the Process of Informed Consent in the Critically Ill
Authors: Nicole Davis, Anne Pohlman, Brian Gehlbach, John P. Kress, Jane McAtee, Jean Herlitz, Jesse Hall
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Context Invasive procedures are often performed emergently in the intensive care unit (ICU), and patients or their proxies may not be available to provide informed consent. Little is known about the effectiveness of intensivists in obtaining informed consent. Objectives To describe the nature of informed consent in the ICU and to determine if simple interventions could enhance the process. Design, Setting, and Patients Prospective study of 2 cohorts of consecutively admitted patients (N = 270) in a 16-bed ICU at a university hospital. All patients admitted to the ICU during the baseline period from November 1, 2001, to December 31, 2001, and during the intervention period from March 1, 2002, to April 30, 2002, were included. Intervention A hospital-approved universal consent form for 8 commonly performed procedures (arterial catheter, central venous catheter, pulmonary artery catheter, or peripherally inserted central catheter placement; lumbar puncture; thoracentesis; paracentesis; and intubation/mechanical ventilation) was administered to patients or proxies. Handouts describing each procedure were available in the ICU waiting area. Physicians and nurses were introduced to the universal consent form during orientation to the ICU. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of informed consent for invasive procedures at baseline and after intervention; whether the patient or proxy provided informed consent; and understanding by the consenter of the procedure as determined by the responses on a questionnaire. Results Fifty-three percent of procedures (155/292) were performed after consent had been obtained during the baseline period compared with 90% (308/340) during the intervention period (absolute difference, 37.4%; P &amp;amp;lt;.001). During baseline, the majority (71.6%; 111/155) of consents were provided by proxies. This was also the case during the intervention period in which 65.6% (202/308) of consents were provided by proxies (absolute difference, 6.0%; P = .23). Comprehension by consenters of indications for and risks of the procedures was high and not different between the 2 periods ( P = .75). Conclusions Invasive procedures are frequent in the ICU and consent for them is often obtained by proxy. Providing a universal consent form to patients, proxies, and health care clinicians significantly increased the frequency with which consent was obtained without compromising comprehension of the process by the consenter.
Haemodynamic effects of dextro-propranolol in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: D. Bennet, R. Balcon, J. Hoy, E. Sowton
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Intravenous injections of 20-25 mg. d-propranolol did not change the heart rate or systemic pressure in 13 patients with cardiac infarction. Cardiac output was depressed in 10, but there was no clinical deterioration. d-Propranolol was better tolerated than dl-propranolol under these conditions and justifies further investigation as an anti-dysrhythmic agent. The major depressant effects of dl-propranolol following cardiac infarction appear to be due to beta-adrenergic blockade and not to a direct depressant action on cardiac muscle.
Correction of hyperglycemia with phlorizin normalizes tissue sensitivity to insulin in diabetic rats.
Authors: L Rossetti, D Smith, G I Shulman, D Papachristou, R A DeFronzo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Insulin resistance is characteristic of the diabetic state. To define the role of hyperglycemia in generation of the insulin resistance, we examined the effect of phlorizin treatment on tissue sensitivity to insulin in partially pancreatectomized rats. Five groups were studied: group I, sham-operated controls; group II, partially pancreatectomized diabetic rats with moderate glucose intolerance; group III, diabetic rats treated with phlorizin to normalize glucose tolerance; group IV, phlorizin-treated controls; and group V, phlorizin-treated diabetic rats restudied after discontinuation of phlorizin. Insulin sensitivity was assessed with the euglyemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique in awake, unstressed rats. Insulin-mediated glucose metabolism was reduced by approximately 30% (P less than 0.001) in diabetic rats. Phlorizin treatment of diabetic rats completely normalized insulin sensitivity but had no effect on insulin action in controls. Discontinuation of phlorizin in phlorizin-treated diabetic rats resulted in the reemergence of insulin resistance. These data demonstrate that a reduction of beta-cell mass leads to the development of insulin resistance, and correction of hyperglycemia with phlorizin, without change in insulin levels, normalizes insulin sensitivity. These results provide the first in vivo evidence that hyperglycemia per se can lead to the development of insulin resistance.
Cost-Effectiveness and Net Benefit of Enhanced Treatment of Depression for Older Adults With Diabetes and Depression
Authors: Wayne Katon, Jürgen Unützer, Ming-Yu Fan, John W. Williams, Michael Schoenbaum, Elizabeth H.B. Lin, Enid M. Hunkeler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the incremental cost-effectiveness and net benefit of a depression collaborative care program compared with usual care for patients with diabetes and depression. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This article describes a preplanned subgroup analysis of patients with diabetes from the Improving Mood-Promoting Access to Collaborative (IMPACT) randomized controlled trial. The setting for the study included 18 primary care clinics from eight health care organizations in five states. A total of 418 of 1,801 patients randomized to the IMPACT intervention (n = 204) versus usual care (n = 214) had coexisting diabetes. A depression care manager offered education, behavioral activation, and a choice of problem-solving treatment or support of antidepressant management by the primary care physician. The main outcomes were incremental cost-effectiveness and net benefit of the program compared with usual care. RESULTS—Relative to usual care, intervention patients experienced 115 (95% CI 72–159) more depression-free days over 24 months. Total outpatient costs were $25 (95% CI −1,638 to 1,689) higher during this same period. The incremental cost per depression-free day was 25 cents (−$14 to $15) and the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year ranged from $198 (144–316) to $397 (287–641). An incremental net benefit of $1,129 (692–1,572) was found. CONCLUSIONS—The IMPACT intervention is a high-value investment for older adults with diabetes; it is associated with high clinical benefits at no greater cost than usual care.
Overexpression of OLC1, Cigarette Smoke, and Human Lung Tumorigenesis
Authors: Jingsong Yuan, Jinfang Ma, Hongwei Zheng, Taiping Shi, Wenyue Sun, Qiao Zhang, Dongmei Lin, Kaitai Zhang, Jie He, Yousheng Mao, Xia Gao, Peng Gao, Naijun Han, Guobin Fu, Ting Xiao, Yanning Gao, Dalong Ma, Shujun Cheng
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

Background Exposure to cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for lung cancer, but how it induces cancer is unclear. The overexpressed in lung cancer 1 ( OLC1 ) gene is one of 50 candidate lung cancer genes identified by suppression subtractive hybridization as having higher expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) than normal lung epithelia.
Endophthalmitis after Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Steven M. Cohen, Harry W. Flynn, Timothy G. Murray, William E. Smiddy, Lawrence R. Avins, Christopher F. Blodi, Stanley Chang, Steven M. Cohen, Susan G. Elner, Harry W. Flynn, W. Sanderson Grizzard, Mark E. Hammer, Dennis P. Han, Mark W. Johnson, William F. Mieler, Timothy G. Murray, Andrew J. Packer, Vincent S. Reppucci, William E. Smiddy, Thomas A. Weingeist
Journal: Ophthalmology (1995)

To describe the clinical course and incidence of culture-proven postvitrectomy endophthalmitis in 18 patients from five academic centers and three private practices.Patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for recent trauma or endophthalmitis were excluded. The average age was 58 years (range, 21-85 year). Sixty-one percent of the patients (11/18) had diabetes mellitus. The indication for initial vitrectomy was vitreous hemorrhage (n = 10), macular epiretinal membrane (n = 3), recurrent retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (n = 2), retinal detachment with retinoschisis (n = 1), proliferative diabetic retinopathy with tractional retinal detachment (n = 1), and dislocated intraocular lens (n = 1). None of these eyes received prophylactic intraocular antibiotics during the vitrectomy.All eyes were treated with intraocular antibiotics after the diagnosis of postvitrectomy endophthalmitis was made. Final visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to no light perception and included five eyes with 20/50 or better visual acuity and 11 eyes with less than 5/200 visual acuity. Nine eyes had a final visual acuity of no light perception. Of the 16 eyes infected with a single organism, 71% (5/7) of eyes infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci retained 20/50 or better final visual acuity compared with no eyes (0/9) infected with other organisms (P = 0.005). Two eyes infected with both coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Streptococcus had a final visual acuity of 20/400. Three eyes with a total hypopyon later had enucleation or evisceration. Based on the data from four medical centers, the incidence of endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy performed over the last 10 years was 9/12,216 (0.07%).Endophthalmitis after vitrectomy is rare. Postvitrectomy bacterial endophthalmitis caused by organisms other than coagulase-negative staphylococci has a poor visual prognosis.
Studies of the effect of metoclopramide and apomorphine on gastric emptying and secretion in man
Authors: N. Ramsbottom, J. N. Hunt
Journal: Gut (1970)

With oral and intravenous doses of metoclopramide there was no constant effect on the gastric emptying of test meals of glucose or sodium citrate, nor was secretion of acid by the stomach in response to test meals of glucose or sodium citrate affected. Apomorphine, in subnauseous doses (0.25 mg intravenously) slowed the gastric emptying of test meals containing sodium citrate, and 10 mg of intravenous metoclopramide abolished the slowing of gastric emptying caused by apomorphine.
Hypoglycemia Aggravates Critical Illness–Induced Neurocognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Thomas Duning, Ingeborg van den Heuvel, Annabelle Dickmann, Thomas Volkert, Carola Wempe, Julia Reinholz, Hubertus Lohmann, Hendrik Freise, Björn Ellger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Tight glycemic control (TGC) in critically ill patients is associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia. Whether those short episodes of hypoglycemia are associated with adverse morbidity and mortality is a matter of discussion. Using a case-control study design, we investigated whether hypoglycemia under TGC causes permanent neurocognitive dysfunction in patients surviving critical illness. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS From our patient data management system, we identified adult survivors treated for &amp;gt;72 h in our surgical intensive care unit (ICU) between 2004 and 2007 (n = 4,635) without a history of neurocognitive dysfunction or structural brain abnormalities who experienced at least one episode of hypoglycemia during treatment (hypo group) (n = 37). For each hypo group patient, one patient stringently matched for demographic- and disease-related data were identified as a control subject. We performed a battery of neuropsychological tests investigating five areas of cognitive functioning in both groups at least 1 year after ICU discharge. Test results were compared with data from healthy control subjects and between groups. RESULTS Critical illness caused neurocognitive dysfunction in all tested domains in both groups. The dysfunction was aggravated in hypo group patients in one domain, namely that of visuospatial skills (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Besides hypoglycemia, both hyperglycemia (r = −0.322; P = 0.005) and fluctuations of blood glucose (r = −0.309; P = 0.008) were associated with worse test results in this domain. CONCLUSIONS Hypoglycemia was found to aggravate critical illness–induced neurocognitive dysfunction to a limited, but significant, extent; however, an impact of hyperglycemia and fluctuations of blood glucose on neurocognitive function cannot be excluded.
Advances in the management of rectal cancer
Authors: D Lawes, P B Boulos
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Colorectal cancer is the second most common malignancy in the western world. In the UK 32 000 new cases are diagnosed annually, of which approximately 45% occur in the rectum and rectosigmoid. Although the management of colonic malignancies has not altered greatly in recent years this is not true of rectal cancer: advances in surgical technique, molecular biology, radiological imaging and adjuvant therapy have dramatically altered the way patients are treated. This review gives a brief overview of these changes.
The effects of the modified intermittent sequential pneumatic device (MISPD) on exercise performance following an exhaustive exercise bout.
Authors: A Zelikovski, C L Kaye, G Fink, S A Spitzer, Y Shapiro
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1993)

The Lymphapress, a pneumatic sequential intermittent device is recognized as one of the most effective conservative treatments for lymphoedema, due to its effective 'milking mechanism'. This led us to hypothesize that accelerated removal of fatigue-causing metabolites by mechanical massage could improve an athlete's performance capacity. We conducted trials with 11 men who exercised at a constant workload, on a cycle ergometer, until exhaustion. During a 20-min recovery period a new modified pneumatic sequential intermittent device (the MISPD) was applied to the subjects' legs. The men then performed a second constant load exercise bout. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured during exercise and blood was withdrawn during recovery for the determination of lactate, pyruvate, ammonia, bicarbonate and pH. No difference was found in the blood levels of the 'fatigue causing metabolites' during passive recovery (PR) and recovery with the MISPD (MR). However, the MISPD effected a 45% improvement in the subjects' ability to perform the subsequent exercise bout. The accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space after exercise and its disappearance after the use of the MISPD offers one possible explanation for these results, although psychological effects cannot be discounted.
Airflow obstruction and metabolic syndrome: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: K-B. H. Lam, R. E. Jordan, C. Q. Jiang, G. N. Thomas, M. R. Miller, W. S. Zhang, T. H. Lam, K. K. Cheng, P. Adab
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

There is some evidence that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and metabolic syndrome may be related, perhaps through systemic inflammation, which is common to both. However, the association between the two conditions has not yet been clearly shown. The present study involved 7,358 adults aged ≥50 yrs from a population-based survey who underwent spirometry, a structured interview and measurement of fasting metabolic marker levels. Airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio of less than the lower limit of normal) was present in 6.7%, and the International Diabetes Federation metabolic syndrome criteria were met by 20.0%. The risk of metabolic syndrome was higher in those with airflow obstruction than in those without (odds ratio (OR) 1.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–1.92), after controlling for potential confounders. Of the five components of metabolic syndrome, only central obesity was significantly associated with airflow obstruction (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.09–1.88) after adjusting for body mass index. A similar association was observed in both never and current smokers. In this Chinese sample, airflow obstruction was associated with metabolic syndrome, and, in particular, its central obesity component. This may help explain the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in COPD, and so could guide future clinical practice.
Double blind trial of ionisers in children with asthma sensitive to the house dust mite.
Authors: J A Warner, J L Marchant, J O Warner
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--Manufacturers of ionisers claim many benefits from the use of their devices, including the relief of asthma. Particles removed from the air are likely to include airborne allergens, so ionisers may achieve an effect by reducing the allergen load. METHODS--The effect of ionisers on airborne concentrations of house dust mite allergen Der p I was investigated in a double blind, crossover, placebo controlled trial in the homes of 20 children with allergic asthma. Subjects recorded their peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) twice daily and completed a daily symptom score and treatment schedule on a diary card for two six week periods, one with an active ioniser and the other with a placed ioniser (randomly allocated) used in the living room and the bedroom. RESULTS--Airborne Der p I concentrations fell significantly during the active period compared with the placebo period, but there was no significant change in PEFR, symptom scores, or treatment usage. There was an increase in night time cough which almost reached significance during the active period. CONCLUSIONS--This study indicates that the use of ionisers cannot be recommended in the homes of asthmatic subjects to improve their symptoms. The significant reduction of airborne allergen concentrations may be of use as part of a multidevice allergen avoidance regimen, but the increase in night time cough requires further study.