tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Beneficial Effects of Calcimimetics on Progression of Renal Failure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Hiroaki Ogata, Eberhard Ritz, Giulio Odoni, Kerstin Amann, Stephan R. Orth
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. In renal failure, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is not only involved in the genesis of disturbed calcium/phosphate metabolism and ostitis fibrosa; it is also a permissive factor in the genesis of hypertension, cardiovascular damage, and dyslipidemia. The allosteric activator of the calcium sensing receptor NPSR-568 (R-568) has been shown to reduce the serum intact PTH (iPTH) concentration in uremic rats. It was the purpose of this study in subtotally nephrectomized (SNX) rats to compare pharmacologic abrogation of secondary hyperparathyroidism by R-568 with parathyroidectomy (PTX). The effects on progression of renal failure, BP, and lipid and structural parameters of kidney and heart were studied. Four groups of male SD-rats were studied: (<i>1</i>) sham-operated + vehicle-treated rats (controls); (<i>2</i>) SNX + vehicle-treated rats (SNX); (<i>3</i>) parathyroidectomized SNX + vehicle-treated rats (SNX+PTX); and (<i>4</i>) SNX + calcimimetic R-568-treated rats (SNX+R-568). R-568 (50 μmol/kg per d) was administered by gavage. Eight weeks after SNX, serum creatinine concentration, urinary albumin excretion, BP, and serum LDL-cholesterol concentration were significantly lower in both R-568-treated and parathyroidectomized SNX compared with vehicle-treated SNX. In addition, structural abnormalities of the kidney (glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial changes) and the heart (interstitial fibrosis, capillary length density, arteriolar wall thickness) were significantly less pronounced than in vehicle-treated SNX. It is concluded that in experimental renal failure abrogation of hyperparathyroidism by administration of a calcimimetic or PTX similarly attenuates progression of renal failure. Furthermore, it interferes with the development of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac remodeling. E-mail: stephan.orth@gmx.net
Involved and uninvolved skin from psoriatic subjects: are they equally diseased? Assessment by skin transplanted to congenitally athymic (nude) mice.
Authors: G G Krueger, D A Chambers, J Shelby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

A highly significant, but unanswered, question in the pathogenesis of psoriasis relates to how normal appearing and diseased skin can coexist, undergo spontaneous flares and remissions, and yet appear to be genetically acquired. A plausible explanation for these disparate observations is that there is a basic defect in epidermal proliferation of skin of subjects with psoriasis and that disease expression is governed by other host factors. To address this question, we compared epidermal proliferation of skin involved and uninvolved with psoriasis with normal skin before and after transplantation to congenitally athymic (nude) mice, a biologic milieu free of humoral factors unique to the donor host. Results demonstrated that (a) before transplant, synthesis of DNA by the epidermal cells from skin uninvolved and involved with psoriasis is significantly higher than normal, 1.6 and 3.6 times, respectively; (b) 6 wk after transplantation, synthesis of DNA by epidermal cells is unchanged for normal skin, increased for uninvolved skin, and decreased for involved skin. These increases and decreases are of such a magnitude that at 6 wk the number of epidermal cells synthesizing DNA per 1,000 basal cells is identical, and is 2.2 times that of normal skin. When removed from the milieu of the afflicted host, skin involved and uninvolved with psoriasis appear equally "diseased." These data support the notion that there is aberrant epidermal proliferation in skin of patients with psoriasis and that host factors appear to play a role both in the expression and nonexpression of this disease.
Tracheal granuloma pyogenicum with erlotinib treatment for lung cancer
Authors: P.M. Putora, G. Benz, R. Rodriguez, M. Brutsche, M. Früh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

To the Editors:

We present the case of a 64 yr-old ex-smoker (20 pack-yrs) with a squamous cell carcinoma of the lung who developed a tracheitis and granuloma pyogenicum during treatment with erlotinib. Among the specific side-effects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, paronychia with granuloma pyogenicum has been reported frequently; however, granuloma pyogenicum has never been described in the trachea with erlotinib treatment.

Monoclonal antibodies against the EGFR ( e.g. cetuximab) and EGFR tyrosine receptor inhibitors (TKIs) ( e.g. gefinitib and erlotinib) have been shown to improve treatment outcomes in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Generally, these agents are better tolerated than classical cytotoxic agents showing a different toxicity profile. Specific side-effects of EGFR-targeting agents include diarrhoea and particularly skin toxicity, such as acneiform eruptions, xerosis, eczema, fissures, teleangiectasia, hyperpigmentation, hair changes and paronychia with granuloma pyogenicum [1]. Skin toxicity has been associated with EGFR inhibitor antitumor activity [1].

A 64 yr-old male was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the right upper lobe and was treated with a right upper lobectomy in December 2002 (pathological (p)T1 pN1 (three positive lymph nodes out of 33 removed)). No adjuvant …
Increased adherence to keratinocytes of peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes of a patient with drug-induced erythema multiforme
Authors: I. BRUYNZEEL, E.M.H. RAAIJ, D.M. BOORSMA, P. HAAN, R. WILLEMZE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of drug‐induced erythema multiforme (EM) are still largely unknown. The observation that epidermal keratinocytes (KC) in EM express intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) points to a putative role for T‐cell/KC adhesion in the pathogenesis of EM. In this study, the binding of peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (PBML) from a patient with carbamazepine‐induced EM and of normal control PBML to autologous and heterologous KC was investigated, using two different binding assays. Patient PBML obtained at the time of disease (tO) showed an increased binding to ICAM‐1‐positive heterologous KC, which could be inhibited completely by anti‐LFA‐1. Adhesion of patient PBML‐tO to autologous KC, and to carbamazepine‐pretreated heterologous KC in sections of skin biopsies, was also increased, but was found to be only partially LFA‐1 ‐dependent. These findings support the view that PBML/KC adherence plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this drug‐induced EM.
Hyperplastic Polyps and the Risk of Adenoma Recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial
Authors: Adeyinka O. Laiyemo, Gwen Murphy, Leah B. Sansbury, Zhuoqiao Wang, Paul S. Albert, Pamela M. Marcus, Robert E. Schoen, Amanda J. Cross, Arthur Schatzkin, Elaine Lanza
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
THE DETECTION OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN FLIES COLLECTED DURING EPIDEMICS OF POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: James D. Trask, John R. Paul, Joseph L. Melnick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

1. A series of 19 different samples of flies collected within epidemic areas during and after the onset of nearby human cases of poliomyelitis have been tested for the virus of poliomyelitis. Four of these samples proved positive. 2. Methods used in collecting the flies, preparing the inocula, and examining the inoculated monkeys (and other animals) are described. 3. All of the positive tests were obtained by the intranasal and intra-abdominal inoculation of Java (cynomolgus) monkeys. Green African and rhesus monkeys represented the smaller number of other monkeys used in which only negative results were obtained. 4. All of the positive samples (as well as nearly all the negative ones) contained "blow flies," and green bottle flies.
Occupational dermatitis in a hairdresser
Authors: Allison Worth, S Hasan Arshad, Aziz Sheikh
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A 25 year old hairdresser complains of a rash on her hands. She thinks she might be allergic to the solutions she uses at work.

Defining the problem —Up to 50% of hairdressers develop dermatitis of the hand within three years of starting work, usually either irritant contact dermatitis resulting from chemical damage or allergic contact dermatitis from a delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity reaction. Distinguishing between these is difficult on clinical grounds but is important because of a worse prognosis in the allergic form if exposure to the allergen is not eliminated.

How is the problem affecting her? —Her symptoms may be affecting her day to day life. She may be distressed and embarrassed and may fear for future employment prospects.

Take a detailed occupational history —Has she had skin problems before? Symptoms that develop after a new job is started or that improve when she is away from work indicate an occupational problem. Which solutions does she think …
Reduced frequencies of NKp30+NKp46+, CD161+, and NKG2D+ NK cells in acute HCV infection may predict viral clearance
Authors: Galit Alter, Stephanie Jost, Suzannah Rihn, Laura L. Reyor, Brian E. Nolan, Musie Ghebremichael, Ronald Bosch, Marcus Altfeld, Georg M. Lauer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Brief Hospitalization on a Crisis Service: A Study of Patient and Treatment Variables
Authors: W. RAY WALKER, LOWELL B. PARSONS, W. DOUGLAS SKELTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The authors conducted a study of a brief hospitalization unit of a general hospital crisis intervention service to obtain empirical data on certain aspects of the patients and of the treatment services. They found that patients admitted to the unit had major psychiatric problems and that the same number with similar psychopathology were admitted during the day as during the night. Twice as many patients were discharged with plans for outpatient treatment than for inpatient treatment; these two groups differed on several dimensions of psychopathology. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for staff and treatment programs on such a unit.
How deadly is seasonal influenza-associated pneumonia? The German Competence Network for Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: H. von Baum, B. Schweiger, T. Welte, R. Marre, N. Suttorp, M. W. R. Pletz, S. Ewig
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

The emergence of new influenza virus subtypes has rekindled the interest in the clinical course and outcome of patients with influenza-associated pneumonia. Based on prospective data from 5,032 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) included in the German Competence Network for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAPNETZ), we studied the incidence, clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with influenza-associated CAP and compared these findings with patients without influenza. Diagnosis relied on a positive PCR for influenza in throat washings. 160 patients with influenza-associated CAP were identified (3.2% of total population, 12% of those with defined aetiology). 34 (21%) patients with seasonal influenza had a concomitant pathogen (mostly <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>). Patients with influenza-associated CAP were significantly older, had been vaccinated less often and had preceding antibacterial treatment less often. 30-day mortality was low (4.4%) and not different to that of patients with pneumonia caused by bacterial (6.2%) or viral (other than influenza) pathogens (4%). Patients with influenza plus a bacterial pathogen (mixed influenza-associated pneumonia) had a higher mortality than those with pure influenza-associated pneumonia (9% <i>versus</i> 3.2%). Mortality was higher in patients with mixed compared with pure influenza-associated pneumonia. However, we could not observe any excess mortality in patients with influenza-associated pneumonia.
Prinzmetal's Angina
Authors: R. Charles Curry
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ALMOST 18 years have passed since Prinzmetal and his colleagues<sup>1</sup>originally described a variant form of angina pectoris characterized by cyclic attacks of chest pain occurring at rest and associated with transient ST-segment elevation. Prinzmetal postulated that these attacks were due to spasm of a major coronary artery. Recently, a number of investigators have reported coronary artery spasm occurring during spontaneous episodes of variant angina confirming Prinzmetal's hypothesis. Since spontaneous attacks of variant angina may be infrequent, specific tests for provoking coronary artery spasm in variant angina would be helpful in the diagnosis and evaluation of therapy in patients with this disorder. This case of a patient with classic Prinzmetal's angina illustrates the clinical presentation, current pharmacologic therapy, angiographic changes associated with pain episodes, an old but revived provocative test, and a new therapeutic agent for treatment of this condition. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 40-year-old woman was awakened at
EXPERIMENTAL NEPHRITIS IN RATS INDUCED BY INJECTION OF ANTIKIDNEY SERUM
Authors: Joseph E. Smadel, Homer F. Swift
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

1. Three different inbred lines of rats were found to vary in their response to antikidney serum: rats of the Whelan strain were most susceptible to nephrotoxin and most prone to develop chronic glomerulonephritis immediately following the acute injury induced by this agent; animals of the Evans strain were almost as vulnerable to the acute effects of nephrotoxin; Wistar rats were the least affected. 2. Both Evans and Wistar rats usually recovered quickly from the acute injury, and between the 2nd and 5th months after injection they excreted normal or only slightly abnormal urines. During this period of absence of clinical signs of disease, histopathological examination of their kidneys revealed only minor scarring in the glomerular tufts. 3. Most of these apparently recovered rats subsequently developed a slowly progressing chronic glomerulonephritis irrespective of whether they were fed a basal or high protein diet. 4. Histopathologically similar renal lesions were present in all three strains of rats with active chronic nephritis regardless of whether the chronic disease followed immediately the acute nephrotoxic injury or was separated from it by an interval of months. These lesions were somewhat more severe, however, in Whelan rats. 5. Some intraglomerular scarring was present in the kidneys of all rats which survived acute nephrotoxic nephritis. It was especially prominent in those animals that remained clinically cured for as long as a year. 6. The permanent clinical recovery of certain animals, which were found to have moderate glomerular fibrosis on postmortem examination, suggests that factors other than this residual scarring contributed to the development of the recurrent nephritis observed in most of the Evans and Wistar rats. These unknown factors may produce varying degrees of renal functional trauma affecting both glomeruli and tubules.
Homicide-Suicide in Older Persons
Authors: Donna Cohen, Maria Llorente, Carl Eisdorfer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the annual incidence of homicide-suicide and to compare patterns and antecedents in old and young spousal/consortial cases. METHOD: Homicide-suicide cases were ascertained in four medical examiner districts covering seven entire Florida counties from 1988 to 1994. The districts were chosen to determine rates in two regions of Florida, comparable in size of the total population and proportion of older persons. Annual homicide-suicide incidence rates per 100,000 population and homicide-suicides as a percentage of total homicides and total suicides separately were calculated by age group and Florida region. Complete medical examiner files were obtained, and 160 variables were coded from medical examiner reports to compare features and clinical characteristics by age and region. RESULTS: Annual incidence rates ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 per 100,000 for persons under age 55 and from 0.4 to 0.9 per 100,000 for persons age 55 and older, with higher rates in the older group every year but two. Cases of spousal/consortial homicide-suicide were the most common in both age groups. The younger couples in both regions were comparable, except for racial composition, but the older couples differed. West central Florida couples were in their seventies, Caucasian, usually married, and both in poor health; and there were indications of depression or alcohol abuse in half the perpetrators. Two-thirds of the southeastern Florida couples were Hispanic; there was a mean age difference of 18 years between perpetrators and victims; and verbal discord, physical violence, and separation were prominent antecedents. CONCLUSIONS: The base rate for homicide-suicide in both age groups was higher than that reported in previous studies. Spousal/consortial homicide-suicides were the dominant form, and although psychopathology was strongly implicated, homicide-suicides are violent lethal acts resulting from additive or multiplicative effects of diathesis, including culture, and stressful experiences.
Familial aggregation of FEF25-75 and FEF25-75/FVC in families with severe, early onset COPD
Authors: D L DeMeo
Journal: Thorax (2004)

The Boston Early-Onset COPD study showed that current or ex-smoking first degree relatives of severe early onset COPD probands have significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) and FEV(1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) values than current or ex-smoking control subjects, which suggests the existence of genetic risk factors for the development of COPD in response to cigarette smoking. We hypothesised that first degree relatives of early onset COPD probands may also have lower values of spirometric parameters such as forced expiratory flow at the mid-portion of forced vital capacity (FEF(25-75)) and FEF(25-75)/FVC.Using generalised estimating equations, FEF(25-75) and FEF(25-75)/FVC were analysed in 333 first degree relatives of probands with severe early onset COPD and 83 population based controls; analyses were also performed on data stratified by smoking status. Narrow sense heritability estimates were calculated using a variance component approach.Significantly lower FEF(25-75) and FEF(25-75)/FVC were observed in smoking (FEF(25-75): beta -0.788 l/s (95% CI -1.118 to -0.457), FEF(25-75)/FVC: beta -20.4% (95% CI -29.3 to -11.6, p<0.0001 for both phenotypes) and non-smoking (FEF(25-75): beta -0.357 l/s (95% CI -0.673 to -0.041, p = 0.0271), FEF(25-75)/FVC: beta -9.5% (95% CI -17.1 to -1.9, p = 0.0145)) first degree relatives of early onset COPD probands. Narrow sense heritability estimates for FEF(25-75) (h(2) = 0.38) and FEF(25-75)/FVC (h(2) = 0.45) were similar to those for FEV(1) and FEV(1)/FVC.Lower values of FEF(25-75) and FEF(25-75)/FVC in non-smoking first degree relatives of early onset COPD probands than in controls suggest a genetic susceptibility to develop obstructive lung disease, independent of smoking, which is magnified by exposure to deleterious environments as suggested by the further decrements in FEF(25-75) and FEF(25-75)/FVC seen in smoking first degree relatives. FEF(25-75) and FEF(25-75)/FVC have high heritability and are important intermediate phenotypes for inclusion in genetic epidemiological studies of COPD.
Complete genomic organization of futb encoding a bovine alpha 3- fucosyltransferase: exons in human orthologous genes emerged from ancestral intronic sequences
Authors: A. Wierinckx, D. Mercier, A. Oulmouden, J. M. Petit, R. Julien
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

The futb gene, which encodes the first bovine alpha 3-fucosyltransferase described, consists of five exons (a, b, c, d, and e), the first four being located upstream of the coding exon e. Together with the four introns (i1, i2, i3, and i4) they span a DNA genomic sequence of about 10 kb. futb is expressed as four tissue-specific transcripts differing by their 5'-untranslated (5'-UT) regions, but only one transcript includes all exons, while the other three begin at internal sites of exon c. A short sequence of the latter is homologous to distinct 5'-UT exons of FUT6 (alpha 3-fucosylation) and FUT3 (alpha 4-fucosylation), two human genes whose coding sequences are homologous to coding exon e of futb. Upstream and downstream, the exon c intronic regions of the bovine gene are homologous to 5'-UT exons of human FUT3 (exon B) and FUT6 (exons A, B, and C). Thus, exon c appears to be the most ancestral 5'-UT exon known among these alpha 3-fucosyltransferase genes. Interestingly, distribution of short interspersed nuclear elements in the i3 intron adjacent to exon c reveals that two repeat sequences are joined to form a reverse-transcriptase-like encoding sequence highly homologous to an open reading frame located at the 3' end of the bovine gamma globin gene. This organization suggests that duplication events that have generated the primate FUT3-FUT5-FUT6 cluster might have occurred through a long-interspersed-nuclear-element-based mechanism of unequal crossing over, as described for the globin cluster. Complete organization of the bovine futb gene reveals that in addition to duplication events, the lineage leading to primate FUT3, FUT5, and FUT6 genes results from rearrangements of intronic sequences which have created for each new gene specific regulatory 5'-UT exonic sequences.
Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate from Serum Creatinine and Cystatin C
Authors: Lesley A. Inker, Christopher H. Schmid, Hocine Tighiouart, John H. Eckfeldt, Harold I. Feldman, Tom Greene, John W. Kusek, Jane Manzi, Frederick Van Lente, Yaping Lucy Zhang, Josef Coresh, Andrew S. Levey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Estimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that are based on serum creatinine are routinely used; however, they are imprecise, potentially leading to the overdiagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Cystatin C is an alternative filtration marker for estimating GFR.
Chronic kidney disease controversy: how expanding definitions are unnecessarily labelling many people as diseased
Authors: R. Moynihan, R. Glassock, J. Doust
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background:</h3> Without stimulation, the human brain spontaneously produces highly organized, low-frequency fluctuations of neural activity in intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs). Furthermore, without adequate explanatory nociceptive input, patients with somatoform pain disorder experience pain symptoms, thus implicating a central dysregulation of pain homeostasis. The present study aimed to test whether interactions among pain-related ICNs, such as the default mode network (DMN), cingular–insular network (CIN) and sensorimotor network (SMN), are altered in somatoform pain during resting conditions. <h3>Methods:</h3> Patients with somatoform pain disorder and healthy controls underwent resting functional magnetic resonance imaging that lasted 370 seconds. Using a data-driven approach, the ICNs were isolated, and the functional network connectivity (FNC) was computed. <h3>Results:</h3> Twenty-one patients and 19 controls enrolled in the study. Significant FNC (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, corrected for false discovery rate) was detected between the CIN and SMN/anterior DMN, the anterior DMN and posterior DMN/SMN, and the posterior DMN and SMN. Interestingly, no group differences in FNC were detected. <h3>Limitations:</h3> The most important limitation of this study was the relatively short resting state paradigm. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> To our knowledge, our results demonstrated for the first time the resting FNC among pain-related ICNs. However, our results suggest that FNC signatures alone are not able to characterize the putative central dysfunction underpinning somatoform pain disorder.