tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE NECESSITY FOR MEDICAL TRUSTEESHIP AND FOR A CENTRAL LABORATORY IN STATE MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS.
Authors: A. P. OHLMACHER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The contact between the medical profession and the state medical institutions is not close enough. This is true everywhere in the United States. It is particularly true in Ohio. Among the thirty-five trustees governing the eight principal state hospitals in Ohio there are at present but three medical men as members of the boards. To be sure, the medical profession has a representative as local executive head of these hospitals and a number of medical men are employed in the capacity of assistant physicians. But in the real governing body, the one vested with final authority in all important matters, physicians are conspicuous by their absence. Such a condition is bad both for our profession and for the state institutions. The medical profession has much to gain from the proper administration of the state hospitals, and particularly in so far as it concerns the use of the vast material of
Engineered humanized dimeric forms of IgG are more effective antibodies.
Authors: P C Caron, W Laird, M S Co, N M Avdalovic, C Queen, D A Scheinberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Humanized IgG1 M195 (HuG1-M195), a complementarity determining region-grafted recombinant monoclonal antibody, is reactive with CD33, an antigen expressed on myelogenous leukemia cells. M195 is in use in trials for the therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia. Since biological activity of IgG may depend, in part, on multimeric Fab and Fc clustering, homodimeric forms of HuG1-M195 were constructed by introducing a mutation in the gamma 1 chain CH3 region gene to change a serine to a cysteine, allowing interchain disulfide bond formation at the COOH terminal of the IgG. Despite similar avidity, the homodimeric IgG showed a dramatic improvement in the ability to internalize and retain radioisotope in target leukemia cells. Moreover, homodimers were 100-fold more potent at complement-mediated leukemia cell killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity using human effectors. Therefore, genetically engineered multimeric constructs of IgG may have advantages relative to those forms that are found naturally.
Single-Dose Therapy for Cystitis in Women
Authors: Thomas M. Hooton
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We evaluated single-dose regimens of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, and cyclacillin as treatment for acute cystitis in 38 women. The trial was prematurely stopped because of frequent treatment failures. At two days after treatment, all 13 patients given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were cured, while four (31%) of 13 given amoxicillin and four (33%) of 12 given cyclacillin had persistent bacteriuria. At two weeks, 11 (85%) of 13 patients given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, six (50%) of 12 given amoxicillin, and three (30%) of ten given cyclacillin were cured. One patient with positive results of antibody-coated bacteria testing who was treated with cyclacillin had signs and symptoms of acute pyelonephritis three days after treatment, and two patients treated with amoxicillin and one treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole converted antibody-coated bacteria test results from negative to positive after therapy. We conclude that single-dose treatment of cystitis in unselected women with cyclacillin and amoxicillin may result in low cure rates and that progression to acute pyelonephritis may occur following ineffective single-dose therapy.
XII. Untoward Reactions to Blood Transfusion
Authors: John A. Merritt, William C. Moloney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

OVER 4,500,000 blood transfusions are given each year in the United States, and the use of blood and blood fractions is steadily increasing. Nevertheless, it is estimated that in 1 of 5000 recipients fatal complications develop from untoward reactions to blood transfusions. Since most of these catastrophes are preventable, the physician bears a special responsibility for using blood and blood products wisely and only when clearly indicated. Moreover, it is essential that he be aware of the nature of the complications to blood transfusion and the methods required to prevent and manage them.In general complications can be divided into . . .
The Insertion Allele of the ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism
Authors: Arshia Panahloo, Christine Andrès, Vidya Mohamed-Ali, Mairi M. Gould, Phillipa Talmud, Steve E. Humphries, John S. Yudkin
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The insertion/deletion (ID) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD), although the mechanism of this association is not apparent. We tested the hypothesis that the deletion allele of the ACE gene is associated with insulin resistance.We related ACE genotype to components of the insulin-resistance syndrome in 103 non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) and 533 nondiabetic white subjects. NIDDM subjects with the DD genotype had significantly lower levels of specific insulin (DD 38.6, ID 57.1, and II 87.4 pmol.L-1 by ANOVA, P = .011). Non-insulin-treated subjects with the DD genotype had increased insulin sensitivity by HOMA % (DD 56.4%, II 29.4%, P = .027) and lower levels of des 31,32 proinsulin (DD 3.3, II 7.6 pmol.L-1, P = .012) compared with II subjects. There were no differences in prevalence of CHD or levels of blood pressure, serum lipids, or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity between the three ACE genotypes. In nondiabetic subjects there were no differences in insulin sensitivity, levels of insulin-like molecules, blood pressure, PAI-1, serum lipids, or CHD prevalence between the three ACE genotypes.We conclude that increased cardiovascular risk of the DD genotype is not mediated through insulin resistance or abnormalities in fibrinolysis. Conversely, we report an increased sensitivity in NIDDM subjects with the ACE DD genotype.
Giant Cavernous Hemangioma of the Esophagus
Authors: John H. Feist
Journal: JAMA (1976)

VASCULAR lesions of the esophagus are extremely uncommon.<sup>1</sup>Reports of benign tumors in that location collected from 1912 to 1948 show that hemangiomas occurred in only 2.2% of the cases.<sup>2</sup>We report the following case because of its unusually interesting clinical features. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A coal miner, aged 48, was referred with the diagnosis of tumor of the esophagus, demonstrated by esophagraphy. He had sought medical advice because of mild but progressive shortness of breath over a oneyear period, occasional belching, and epigastric discomfort. He had no other symptoms referrable to the chest or digestive system, and results of a physical examination were normal. Posteroanterior and lateral chest roentgenograms showed widening of the superior mediastinum, and a midmediastinal mass displacing the trachea anteriorly. Esophagoscopy (with a conventional open instrument) showed an extrinsic pressure defect without ulceration or mucosal lesions, and a mucosal biopsy report indicated chronic
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR MEASURING THE QUANTITY OF ALBUMIN IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BY THE SICARD-CANTELOUBE RACHIDIAN ALBUMINOMETER
Authors: Joseph C. Regan
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The determination of the quantity of albumin in the cerebrospinal fluid may often afford information of distinct value in separating normal from pathologic fluids. Several methods have been proposed for the purpose. Bybee and Lorenz have employed the Brandenburger method for urinalysis, while Mestrezat has made use of a colorimetric method. Nissl has utilized the precipitation of the albumin by Esbach's reagent, measuring the precipitate by centrifugating. An opalescent reaction has been described, in which to a known quantity of cerebrospinal fluid nitric acid is added drop by drop. This mixture is carefully shaken until opalescence remains constant. The degree of opalescence is then compared to a standard previously graded, and indicating that a certain degree of opalescence corresponds to a definite amount of albumin per liter. None of these methods are as simple, we believe, as that proposed by Sicard and Canteloube,<sup>1</sup>and it is with the purpose
Phase 2 Trial of Linifanib (ABT-869) in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Eng-Huat Tan, Glenwood D. Goss, Ravi Salgia, Benjamin Besse, David R. Gandara, Nasser H. Hanna, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Raymond Thertulien, Michael Wertheim, Julien Mazieres, Thomas Hensing, Christa Lee, Neeraj Gupta, Rajendra Pradhan, Jiang Qian, Qin Qin, Frank A. Scappaticci, Justin L. Ricker, Dawn M. Carlson, Ross A. Soo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
A STUDY OF ILLNESS IN A GROUP OF CLEVELAND FAMILIES
Authors: William S. Jordan, Irving Gordon, William R. Dorrance
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

Feeding of stool supernates to volunteers has demonstrated that there are at least two different types—afebrile and febrile—of acute infectious non-bacterial gastroenteritis. The afebrile illness, produced by the Marcy agent previously described, has an average incubation period of 60 hours and is characterized by watery diarrhea. The agent (FS) responsible for the febrile illness has been carried through 3 human passages. The febrile disease has an average incubation period of 27 hours and is characterized by constitutional symptoms. It is believed that the two agents are not the same because of the differences in incubation period, the clinical picture, and the absence of cross-immunity. Intranasal instillation of throat washings obtained from 2 persons with gastroenteritis failed to produce illness in 2 groups of volunteers.
Young adults with arthritic hips
Authors: M D Northmore-Ball
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Total hip replacement, about 40 000 of which are performed annually in the United Kingdom, is widely believed to be the only viable surgical treatment for arthritis of the hip. While total hip replacement is extremely effective for late middle aged or elderly patients, such that more than 95% of patients will probably die with their original implant in situ, the operation has limitations in younger people. The replacement has to last much longer, and young patients, unless restricted by some more generalised disease, tend to overload artificial joints with unrestricted activity. The long term results in this age group are therefore poorer, with several series reporting 25-30% of cases needing revision by 15 years (H Malchau, P Herberts, annual meeting of American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Atlanta 1996).1

So, can anything else be done, and if so, when should patients be referred? Fortunately, there are several possibilities (M D Northmore-Ball, S R D'Souza, J Varughese, A M R New, meeting of European Hip Society, Helsinki 1996). Hips that fail early do so through secondary …
A FILTRABLE VIRUS CAUSING A TUMOR-LIKE CONDITION IN RABBITS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO VIRUS MYXOMATOSUM
Authors: Richard E. Shope
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

The properties of the agent causing a tumor-like condition in rabbits have been tested experimentally and the conclusion reached that it is a filtrable virus. While the tumor-like condition and infectious myxoma differ markedly in their clinical and pathological pictures, they have been found to be related immunologically. The relationships of the tumor-producing virus to the virus of infectious myxoma, and of the tumor-like condition to malignant neoplasms have been discussed.
Roles for Calreticulin and a Novel Glycoprotein, Tapasin, in the Interaction of MHC Class I Molecules with TAP
Authors: Bhanu Sadasivan, Paul J Lehner, Bodo Ortmann, Thomas Spies, Peter Cresswell
Journal: Immunity (1996)

Assembly of MHC class I–β2 microglobulin (β2m) dimers in the endoplasmic reticulum involves two chaperones. Calnexin has previously been shown to interact with free class I heavy chains. Here, we show that the related chaperone, calreticulin, binds human class I–β2m dimers prior to peptide loading. Calreticulin remains associated with at least a subset of class I molecules when they, in turn, bind to TAP. Further evidence suggests that the interaction of class I–β2m dimers with TAP occurs via a novel uncharacterized 48 kDa glycoprotein, tapasin, which can bind independently to TAP and class I–β2m–calreticulin complexes. Tapasin is absent from the mutant cell line .220, in which class I–TAP association and peptide loading is defective.
DMPA and bone density.
Authors: K Dalton, M J Dalton
Journal: BMJ (1991)

his life was not threatened.The eventual outcome -a mobile, two legged man-is far preferable to a disarticulated or hindquarter amputation.The hospital stay of seven months was a small price to pay for the patient's present state of health.The comments relating to the cost of his post- operative care are short sighted and obviously take no account of the patient's wishes, quality of life, and the long term cost to society of a young man with a mutilating amputation.
Avoiding hand eczema in healthcare workers
Authors: K. Thomas, J. English
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Good evidence that individualised education can lead to secondary prevention

Occupational hand eczema in healthcare workers is common worldwide and an important public health concern.1 In our institution, and probably across the whole of the healthcare sector, the rise in incidence and prevalence has mirrored the campaigns to reduce hospital acquired infections.2 It is perhaps not surprising that irritant contact dermatitis occurs in people who wash their hands as often as 50-60 times a shift, and because damaged skin often carries a higher bacterial load,3 this also has implications for infection control. Fortunately, this problem is potentially amenable to prevention strategies.

In a linked research paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.e7822), Ibler and colleagues evaluate the usefulness of a structured skin care intervention to prevent hand eczema among healthcare workers in Denmark.4 Primary prevention generally involves the introduction of a skin protection programme,5 which includes reducing exposure to irritants, regularly using fragrance-free and lipid-rich moisturisers, and wearing occlusive gloves for …
PUVA and methotrexate therapy of psoriasis: how closely do dermatology departments follow treatment guidelines?
Authors: D.J. BILSLAND, L.E. RHODES, I. ZAKI, S.M. WILKINSON, K.E. McKENNA, S.E. HANDFIELD-JONES, R.E. AWILLIAMS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Following publication of treatment guidelines for patients with psoriasis, a six-centre audit was undertaken to assess current therapeutic practice for two second-line treatments, PUVA and methotrexate. The audit consisted of random sampling of casenotes by external auditors from a paired dermatology department, and assessment by questionnaire. One hundred and eight PUVA and 118 methotrexate casenotes were audited. The commonest indications for treatment were: (a) failure of tropical therapy--PUVA (mean 81% of casenotes), methotrexate (84%); (b) repeated hospital admissions--PUVA (16%), methotrexate (25%). For both PUVA and methotrexate, some aspects of treatment were well documented: PUVA--psoralen dosage (91%), response to PUVA (89%), cumulative lifetime UVA dosage (81%); methotrexate--pretreatment assessment of full blood count (91%), urea and electrolytes (85%), liver function tests (84%). For other aspects documentation was less complete: PUVA--no documentation of presence/absence of skin cancer history (66%), note of photoactive drugs (32%); methotrexate--concurrent medication (69%), history of presence/absence of liver disease (36%). Another aspect which was poorly documented in both PUVA and methotrexate notes was whether advice on contraception/fertility had been given. There was no indication in 29 of 32 casenotes of females of child-bearing age receiving PUVA, and 52 of 63 case notes of relevant patients on methotrexate. This project has demonstrated that formal, multicentre audit based on published guidelines is a practical proposition.
Gunning for it
Authors: Theodore Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Having reached the age of wishing for fewer rather than more possessions, I still covet only one class of material object: antiquarian books of special interest.

To assist me in this irrational pursuit, several booksellers kindly send me their catalogues, which I pore over with fevered pleasure. Why books that were once held by historical figures should be so desirable to me, I leave to psychologists to discover; suffice it to say that recently I wanted desperately an early edition (1766, no place of publication) of Voltaire’s Treatise on Toleration .

I wanted it because it had once belonged to the great French gynaecologist and supporter …
DOES THE OPACITY OF INCIPIENT CATARACT EVER REGAIN TRANSPARENCY?
Authors: LEARTUS CONNOR
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our problem is not the mere restoration of vision in a cataractous eye, as this may occur from absorption of the cortex or in traumatic opacity; nor is it the clearing of a diffuse cloudiness of the lens, as this has been observed to follow correction of eyestrain. It is rather the partial or complete transformation of opaque striæ with diffuse opacity into clear lens. Such opacities are seen in the lenses of individuals past middle life, and in some cases are associated with such general diseases as diabetes, Bright's disease, syphilis, and arteriosclerosis; some with uncorrected refractive defects, and others with as yet undefined conditions. Progress, in the non-surgical management of incipient cataract, calls for the settlement of two questions: First. Do the opaque striæ of incipient cataract ever become transformed into transparent lens? Second. What are the conditions under which transformation occurs? If the striated opacity of incipient
A6.1 Interaction between activated lymphocytes and synoviocytes promotes IL-17 secretion, partly mediated by podoplanin
Authors: M Noack, N Thiam, P Miossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterised by an immune cell infiltrate, notably of Th17 cells and a migration of blood derived mononuclear cells that interact with synoviocytes. Here, we study the interactions between synoviocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with focus on the effect of cell contact on the Th17 pathway. The goal is to differentiate intracellular expression from secretion and to identify a mechanism which leads to high IL-17 secretion. In this way, we focus our interest on podoplanin, a transmembrane protein which is increased in RA synovium and known to modulate IL-8 secretion during synoviocyte-platelet interaction. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> A co-culture system with RA synoviocytes and PBMC was developed. Synoviocytes were cultured overnight in 96-well plates and healthy PBMC were seeded at a 1:5ratio for 48 h, in the presence or not of TCR activation with PHA. Transwell system was used to study cell-cell contact. An antibody against podoplanin was pre-incubated 4h with PBMC before co-culture. Supernatants were collected at 48 h and IL-6, IL-1β and IL-17 production measured by ELISA. Extracellular (CD3, CD4) and intracellular (IL-17) staining of PBMC was analysed by flow cytometry at 48 h. <h3>Results</h3> Interaction between synoviocytes and PBMC was sufficient to induce IL-6 and IL-1β production. Flow cytometry analysis showed no difference in the percentage of Th17 cells in activated-PBMC alone or cultured with synoviocytes (3.1 ± 1.7% vs. 3.9 ± 2.7%, respectively, p = 0.4), indicating that Th17 differentiation requires only T cell activation but not cell-cell contact. Conversely IL-17 production was highly increased only in co-cultures with activated-PBMC (346.8 ± 141.6 pg/ml) vs. activated-PBMC alone (37.5 ± 37.1 pg/ml, p = 0.0001). Transwell experiments confirm that contact between synoviocytes and PBMC was critical for IL-17 secretion, as a minor production was observed in transwell system (284.7 ± 106.2 pg/ml in co-culture vs. 5.3 ± 6.1pg/ml in transwell system). Inhibition of podoplanin decreased significantly IL-17 secretion (45.1 ± 19.3%, p = 0.03). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The interaction between resting PBMC and synoviocytes alone induces IL-6 and IL-1β production. TCR activation is required for Th17 differentiation but both PBMC activation and cell interaction with synoviocytes are needed to have high IL-17 secretion, partly mediated by podoplanin.
Inducible Cutaneous Inflammation Reveals a Protumorigenic Role for Keratinocyte CXCR2 in Skin Carcinogenesis
Authors: Christophe Cataisson, Rebecca Ohman, Gopal Patel, Andrea Pearson, Margaret Tsien, Steve Jay, Lisa Wright, Henry Hennings, Stuart H. Yuspa
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Transgenic mice that overexpress PKCα in the epidermis (K5-PKCα mice) exhibit acute CXCR2-mediated intraepidermal neutrophilic inflammation and a strong epidermal hyperplasia in response to application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). We now show that hyperplasia is independent of infiltrating neutrophils. Furthermore, when K5-PKCα mice were initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and promoted with a low dose of TPA, 58% of K5-PKCα mice developed skin papillomas that progressed to carcinoma, whereas wild-type mice did not develop tumors. We confirmed that CXCR2 is expressed by keratinocytes and showed that transformation by oncogenic ras (a hallmark of DMBA initiation) or TPA exposure induced all CXCR2 ligands. Ras induction of CXCR2 ligands was mediated by autocrine activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and nuclear factor-κB, and potentiated by PKCα. Oncogenic ras also induced CXCR2 ligands in keratinocytes genetically ablated for CXCR2. However, ras transformed CXCR2 null keratinocytes formed only small skin tumors in orthotopic skin grafts to CXCR2 intact hosts, whereas transformed wild-type keratinocytes produced large tumors. In vitro, CXCR2 was essential for CXCR2 ligand-stimulated migration of ras-transformed keratinocytes and for ligand activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt pathways. Both migration and activation of ERK and Akt were restored by CXCR2 reconstitution of CXCR2 null keratinocytes. Thus, activation of CXCR2 on ras-transformed keratinocytes has both promigratory and protumorigenic functions. The up-regulation of CXCR2 ligands after initiation by oncogenic ras and promotion with TPA in the mouse skin model provides a mechanism to stimulate migration by both autocrine and paracrine pathways and contribute to tumor development. [Cancer Res 2009;69(1):319–28]
ISOENZYME CHANGES OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE IN PSORIATIC ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: L. MALINA, VL. VOLEK, T. BIELICKY, R. PAPEŽOVA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article ISOENZYME CHANGES OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE IN PSORIATIC ERYTHROCYTES Get access L. MALINA, L. MALINA Dermatological Clinic (Faculty of Hygiene), and I. Medical Clinic (Faculty of Medicine), Charles University, Prague, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar VL. VOLEK, VL. VOLEK Dermatological Clinic (Faculty of Hygiene), and I. Medical Clinic (Faculty of Medicine), Charles University, Prague, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. BIELICKÝ, T. BIELICKÝ Dermatological Clinic (Faculty of Hygiene), and I. Medical Clinic (Faculty of Medicine), Charles University, Prague, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. PAPEŽOVÁ R. PAPEŽOVÁ Dermatological Clinic (Faculty of Hygiene), and I. Medical Clinic (Faculty of Medicine), Charles University, Prague, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 5, 1 May 1969, Pages 352–355, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb13996.x Published: 01 May 1969 Article history Accepted: 09 August 1968 Published: 01 May 1969