tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Novel Augmentation Strategy for Treating Resistant Major Depression
Authors: Richard C. Shelton, Gary D. Tollefson, Mauricio Tohen, Stephen Stahl, Kimberley S. Gannon, Thomas G. Jacobs, William R. Buras, Frank P. Bymaster, Wei Zhang, Kimberley A. Spencer, Peter D. Feldman, Herbert Y. Meltzer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

Treatment-resistant depression is a significant public health concern; drug switching or augmentation often produce limited results. The authors hypothesized that fluoxetine could be augmented with olanzapine to successfully treat resistant depression.An 8-week double-blind study was conducted with 28 patients who were diagnosed with recurrent, nonbipolar, treatment-resistant depression without psychotic features. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: olanzapine plus placebo, fluoxetine plus placebo, or olanzapine plus fluoxetine.Fluoxetine monotherapy produced minimal improvement on various scales that rate severity of depression. The benefits of olanzapine monotherapy were modest. Olanzapine plus fluoxetine produced significantly greater improvement than either monotherapy on one measure and significantly greater improvement than olanzapine monotherapy on the other measures after 1 week. There were no significant differences between treatment groups on extrapyramidal measures nor significant adverse drug interactions.Olanzapine plus fluoxetine demonstrated superior efficacy for treating resistant depression compared to either agent alone.
Rare codons capacitate Kras-driven de novo tumorigenesis
Authors: Nicole L.K. Pershing, Benjamin L. Lampson, Jason A. Belsky, Erin Kaltenbrun, David M. MacAlpine, Christopher M. Counter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The KRAS gene is commonly mutated in human cancers, rendering the encoded small GTPase constitutively active and oncogenic. This gene has the unusual feature of being enriched for rare codons, which limit protein expression. Here, to determine the effect of the rare codon bias of the KRAS gene on de novo tumorigenesis, we introduced synonymous mutations that converted rare codons into common codons in exon 3 of the Kras gene in mice. Compared with control animals, mice with at least 1 copy of this Kras(ex3op) allele had fewer tumors following carcinogen exposure, and this allele was mutated less often, with weaker oncogenic mutations in these tumors. This reduction in tumorigenesis was attributable to higher expression of the Kras(ex3op) allele, which induced growth arrest when oncogenic and exhibited tumor-suppressive activity when not mutated. Together, our data indicate that the inherent rare codon bias of KRAS plays an integral role in tumorigenesis.
Prognostic Variables at Intake and Long-Term Level of Function in Schizophrenia
Authors: Steven J. Siegel, Farzin Irani, Colleen M. Brensinger, Christian G. Kohler, Warren B. Bilker, J. Daniel Ragland, Stephen J. Kanes, Ruben C. Gur, Raquel E. Gur
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

This study assessed the relationship between symptoms and cognitive measures at intake and functional outcome 2-8 years later (average 3 years) in first-episode and previously treated schizophrenia patients.A composite cognitive score was assessed at intake to determine the influence of cognition on later functional outcome. At intake and follow-up, positive and negative symptoms were assessed with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, and affective symptoms were assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Level of function in seven domains (social function, occupational function, independent living, symptom severity, fullness of life, extent of psychiatric hospitalization, and overall level of function) at intake and follow-up was assessed with the Strauss-Carpenter Level of Function scale. The contributions of sex, education, and duration of illness to functional outcome were also examined.The results indicated that symptoms at intake had distinct patterns of prognostic significance for functional outcome in previously treated patients, compared with first-episode patients. In addition, male and female patients differed in the degree to which initial symptoms were correlated with later function.Initial level of function, symptoms, sex, education, and duration of illness are all important predictors for functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia.
Unsupervised phenotyping of Severe Asthma Research Program participants using expanded lung data
Authors: Wei Wu, Eugene Bleecker, Wendy Moore, William W. Busse, Mario Castro, Kian Fan Chung, William J. Calhoun, Serpil Erzurum, Benjamin Gaston, Elliot Israel, Douglas Curran-Everett, Sally E. Wenzel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Expression of HLA-C molecules confers target cell resistance to some non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cells in a manner analogous to allospecific natural killer cells.
Authors: C S Falk, A Steinle, D J Schendel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Specific HLA molecules have recently been shown to confer target cell resistance to lysis by some CD3- natural killer (NK) cells. For certain NK clones, resistance is governed by two specificities (NK1 and NK2) that are associated with particular HLA-C alleles: in general, target cells expressing Cw1, Cw3, Cw7, or Cw8 are susceptible to NK1 but resistant to NK2 clones, whereas target cells expressing Cw2, Cw4, Cw5, or Cw6 are susceptible to NK2 and resistant to NK1 cells. These two clusters of HLA-C alleles are distinguished by a dimorphism in the alpha 1 helical region, localized at amino acid positions 77 and 80. In this report, we show that highly enriched CD3+/CD56- cytotoxic T cell sublines and CD3-/CD56+ NK sublines derived from the same donor have identical cytolytic specificities when tested against a panel of allogeneic LCL and various HLA-B and -C transfectant cell lines. The lysis pattern of the allogeneic cells appeared to be related to the NK2 specificity for both effector cells: LCL expressing HLA-Cw2, Cw4, Cw5, or Cw6 alleles were lysed, while LCL expressing HLA-Cw1, Cw3, or Cw7 molecules were resistant. Resistance to lysis could be conferred to susceptible target cells by transfection with a Cw*0702 gene, while expression of a Cw*0602 gene did not provide protection. Similar patterns of HLA-C-mediated resistance were also found with two polyclonal T cell lines generated from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of unrelated donors. Thus, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules that induced resistance to particular NK cells also regulated target cell resistance to lysis by these non-MHC-restricted effector T cells. For both types of effector cells, direct binding to HLA-C molecules was necessary to achieve inhibition since preincubation with mAb specific for class I molecules destroyed the protection from lysis of HLA-Cw7 expressing target cells. mAbs specific for CD3 and CD8 molecules had no influence on lysis or inhibition of the NK-like T cells. Formation of MHC complexes with particular peptides did not appear to be essential to confer resistance, since a cell line with defective peptide transporter genes (TAP genes), when transfected with an appropriate HLA-C allele, was as resistant to lysis as HLA-C transfectant lines with normal TAP function. These results suggest that HLA-C molecules may deliver negative regulatory signals to some non-MHC-restricted T cells in a manner similar to that described previously for particular NK cells.
Comparison of the functional results of single lung transplantation for pulmonary fibrosis and chronic airway obstruction
Authors: R. A. Chacon, P. A. Corris, J. H. Dark, G. J. Gibson
Journal: Thorax (1998)

BACKGROUND: Single lung transplantation (SLT) is now a treatment option for patients with both pulmonary fibrosis and advanced chronic airway obstruction. Lung function after transplantation might be expected to be different in these two groups of patients because of the effect of the remaining native lung, but the implications of these differences have not been fully explored. METHODS: The functional results of a stable population of 20 patients (13 chronic airway obstruction, seven pulmonary fibrosis) after SLT with no evidence of obliterative bronchiolitis were analysed. The differences between the two populations in the interrelations between and determinants of total lung capacity (TLC), subdivisions of lung volume, airway function (spirometry, maximum expiratory flow volume curves, and moments analysis of the spirogram) respiratory mechanics (PV curves and maximal respiratory pressures), CO transfer factor (TLCO) and the distribution of perfusion, ventilation and volume of the transplanted and native lungs were compared. RESULTS: Total lung capacity after SLT (TLCpost) was normal in the patients with pulmonary fibrosis (mean (SE) 103.9 (6.9)% predicted) but remained significantly elevated in patients with airway obstruction (126.4 (4.4)%. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and vital capacity (VC) improved to similar values after SLT in both groups with a final VC of 76.8 (5.9)% and 66.7 (3.9)% in patients with fibrosis and airway obstruction, respectively. Maximum expiratory flows were generally lower and moments analysis of the spirogram showed slower lung emptying with significantly greater second and third moments (alpha 2 and alpha 3) in patients with airway obstruction. Relative ventilation and perfusion of the transplanted lung were both greater in both populations but relative ventilation of the transplanted lung was significantly greater in patients treated for airway disease than in those with pulmonary fibrosis. TLCO was also significantly higher in patients who had received a transplant for chronic airway obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that differences in the functional results of SLT for airway disease and pulmonary fibrosis are relatively minor. In this series the native hyperinflated lung in chronic airway disease was not more disadvantageous to overall function than the native lung in pulmonary fibrosis. However, tests of lung function based on the terminal portion of the forced spirogram are likely to be less sensitive for the detection of obliterative bronchiolitis in patients who have received a transplant for advanced airway obstruction than in those with pulmonary fibrosis.
Is a persistent adenovirus infection involved in coeliac disease?
Authors: M J Carter, M M Willcocks, H C Mitchison, C O Record, C R Madeley
Journal: Gut (1989)

Recent evidence has implicated adenovirus 12 in the aetiology of coeliac disease so that persistent infection by this virus must be considered. We have undertaken a search for adenovirus DNA in duodenal biopsy samples from a total of 26 coeliac and non-coeliac patients. We could find no evidence of persistent virus DNA by Southern blot techniques even under conditions which approach a sensitivity of one copy of virus genome per cell, and use either adenovirus 12 or 41 DNA.
A call for help
Authors: D. A Kirkbride
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Telephone consultations are frequently used in the outpatient setting in order to avoid unnecessary travel and to reduce hospital visit-related costs for patients. However, they are limited by the absence of non-verbal communication in contrast to video consultation. Little is known considering the possible advantages of using video consultation in comparison to telephone consultation according to both patients and healthcare providers. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with colorectal diseases were asked to choose between a telephone consultation or a video consultation for their next appointment at the outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral centre. Willingness to use video consultation, value of non-verbal communication, patient satisfaction, provider satisfaction and user friendliness of the video connection technology were measured using questionnaires. <h3>Results</h3> None of the included patients ever had a video consultation before with a healthcare provider. Nonetheless, 22/50 preferred a video consultation over a telephone consultation. Patients who preferred a video consultation underlined the benefits of providing visual feedback to both patients and healthcare providers. Moreover, healthcare providers felt they were better able to assess the patients’ healthcare condition. <h3>Conclusion</h3> For patients who value both verbal and non-verbal interaction and feel comfortable with the use of video consultation, video consultation is the preferred contact modality. Shared decision making should be used to choose the preferred interaction modality. For patients with low digital skills, support might be needed or video consultation may not be the preferred choice.
DEVIATIONS OF THE NASAL SEPTUM AND THE SUBMUCOUS RESECTION OPERATION: RECORDS OF ONE HUNDRED CASES
Authors: J. W. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1911)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Language is fundamentally predictable, both on a higher schematic level as well as low-level lexical items. Regarding predictability on a lexical level, collocations are frequent co-occurrences of words that are often characterized by high strength of association. So far, psycho-and neurolin guistic studies have mostly employed highly artificial experimental paradigms in the investigation of collocations by focusing on the processing of single words or isolated sentences. In contrast, here we analyze EEG brain responses recorded during stimulation with continuous speech, i.e. audio books. We find that the N400 response to collocations is significantly different from that of non-collocations, whereas the effect varies with respect to cortical region (anterior/ posterior) and laterality (left/right). Our results are in line with studies using continuous speech, and they mostly contradict those using artificial paradigms and stimuli. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first neurolinguistic study on collocations using continuous speech stimulation.
Nitric Oxide–Generating Compounds Inhibit Total Protein and Collagen Synthesis in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Valeri Kolpakov, David Gordon, Thomas J. Kulik
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) participates in the regulation of vascular tone and smooth muscle cell proliferation, but little is known of its effect on total protein and matrix synthesis in smooth muscle. We studied the effects of the NO-generating compounds S -nitroso- N -acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 0.4 to 1.2 mmol/L) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.1 to 0.5 mmol/L) on total protein (using [ 3 H]leucine) and collagen (using [ 3 H]proline) synthesis in cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells. Both agents caused dose-dependent inhibition of the relative rate of protein (maximum reduction of 87% [SNAP] and 80% [SNP]) and collagen synthesis, as measured by trichloroacetic acid–precipitated label. The magnitudes of percent inhibition of total protein and collagen synthesis were approximately equal. Inhibition of protein synthesis by SNAP and SNP was prevented by hemoglobin (10 μmol/L), suggesting that the protein synthesis inhibition was due to NO release. Inhibition of protein synthesis was reversible after removal of SNAP and SNP and was not caused by damage to the cells. These results suggest that NO may function as a modulator of vascular smooth muscle cell protein synthesis and production of extracellular matrix components.
Percutaneous Versus Surgical Treatment for Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy and Enlarged Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflets
Authors: Chris van der Lee, Folkert J. ten Cate, Marcel L. Geleijnse, Marcel J. Kofflard, Chiara Pedone, Lex A. van Herwerden, Elena Biagini, Wim B. Vletter, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— The purpose of this study was to compare percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) and septal myectomy combined with mitral leaflet extension (MLE) in symptomatic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients with an enlarged anterior mitral valve leaflet (AMVL). Both PTSMA and myectomy reduce septal thickness and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient; however, an uncorrected enlarged AMVL may predispose to residual systolic anterior motion (SAM) after successful standard myectomy or PTSMA. Myectomy with MLE previously demonstrated superior hemodynamic results compared with standard myectomy, but its value relative to PTSMA is unknown. Methods and Results— Twenty-nine patients (aged 44±12 years) underwent myectomy with MLE, and 43 patients (aged 52±17 years) underwent PTSMA. Mitral leaflet area was similar in both groups (16.7±3.4 versus 15.9±2.7 cm 2 , respectively). After PTSMA, 2 patients died, 4 needed a reintervention, and 4 required a permanent pacemaker for complete heart block. After surgery, only 1 patient needed a reintervention. At 1-year follow-up, LVOT gradients did not differ between surgical and PTSMA patients (17±14 versus 23±19 mm Hg, respectively). Preinterventional mitral regurgitation grade was more severe in the surgical group, but with myectomy combined with MLE, the residual grade was similar to that of PTSMA. Mean SAM grade decreased significantly more after surgery (from 2.9±0.3 to 0.5±0.7 mm Hg versus from 2.8±0.5 to 1.3±0.9 mm Hg, P &lt;0.05). Conclusions— PTSMA in these selected patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy had more periprocedural complications and resulted in more reinterventions. Hemodynamic results (SAM grade and reduction in mitral regurgitation) were better in surgical patients.
Public Health Informatics: How Information-Age Technology Can Strengthen Public Health
Authors: Andrew Friede, Henrik L. Blum, Mike McDonald
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1995)

The combination of the burgeoning interest in health, health care reform and the advent of the Information Age, represents a challenge and an opportunity for public health. If public health’s effectiveness and profile are to grow, practitioners and researchers will need reliable, timely informati6n with which to make information-driven decisions, better ways to communicate, and improved tools to analyze and present new knowledge. “Public Health Informatics” (PHI) is the science of applying Information- Age technology to serve the specialized needs of public health. In this paper we define Public Health Informatics, outline specific benefits that may accrue from its widespread application, and discuss why and how an academic discipline of public health informatics should be developed. Finally, we make specific recommendations for actions that government and academia can take to assure that public health professionals have the systems, tools, and training to use PHI to advance the mission of public health.
First report of a complete pathological response of a pelvic GIST treated with imatinib as neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: M Salazar
Journal: Gut (2006)

According to a recently published study ( Gut 2005; 54 :1003–8), insulin resistance is a worsening factor in hepatitis C virus (HCV) related chronic hepatitis. There is much debate as to whether insulin resistance depends on hepatitis C virus, or vice versa, or whether it is an independent syndrome.

As insulin resistance is the link between obesity, metabolic alterations, and endothelial damage, it is a characteristic feature of the metabolic syndrome. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is a …
Differences in Maternal Circulating Fatty Acid Composition and Dietary Fat Intake in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Mild Gestational Hyperglycemia
Authors: Xinhua Chen, Theresa O. Scholl, Maria Leskiw, Juanito Savaille, T. Peter Stein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

We investigated the relationship between maternal circulating fatty acids (FAs) and dietary FA intake in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; n = 49), women with hyperglycemia less severe than GDM (impaired glucose challenge test [GCT] non-GDM; n = 80), and normal control subjects (n = 98).
Which individuals are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease and why? Impact of COPD, asthma, smoking, diabetes, and/or chronic heart disease on community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease: Table 1
Authors: Antoni Torres, Francesco Blasi, Nathalie Dartois, Murat Akova
Journal: Thorax (2015)

Pneumococcal disease (including community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease) poses a burden to the community all year round, especially in those with chronic underlying conditions. Individuals with COPD, asthma or who smoke, and those with chronic heart disease or diabetes mellitus have been shown to be at increased risk of pneumococcal disease compared with those without these risk factors. These conditions, and smoking, can also adversely affect patient outcomes, including short-term and long-term mortality rates, following pneumonia. Community-acquired pneumonia, and in particular pneumococcal pneumonia, is associated with a significant economic burden, especially in those who are hospitalised, and also has an impact on a patient9s quality of life. Therefore, physicians should target individuals with COPD, asthma, heart disease or diabetes mellitus, and those who smoke, for pneumococcal vaccination at the earliest opportunity at any time of the year.
Recurrence risk score based on the specific activity of CDK1 and CDK2 predicts response to neoadjuvant paclitaxel followed by 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide in breast cancers
Authors: S.J. Kim, S. Nakayama, K. Shimazu, Y. Tamaki, K. Akazawa, F. Tsukamoto, Y. Torikoshi, T. Matsushima, M. Shibayama, H. Ishihara, S. Noguchi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
The GapA/B Gene Duplication Marks the Origin of Streptophyta (Charophytes and Land Plants)
Authors: Jörn Petersen, René Teich, Burkhard Becker, Rüdiger Cerff, Henner Brinkmann
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Independent evidence from morphological, ultrastructural, biochemical, and molecular data have shown that land plants originated from charophycean green algae. However, the branching order within charophytes is still unresolved, and contradictory phylogenies about, for example,the position of the unicellular green alga Mesostigma viride are difficult to reconcile. A comparison of nuclear-encoded Calvin cycle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPDH) indicates that a crucial duplication of the GapA gene occurred early in land plant evolution. The duplicate called GapB acquired a characteristic carboxy-terminal extension (CTE) from the general regulator of the Calvin cycle CP12. This CTE is responsible for thioredoxin-dependent light/dark regulation. In this work, we established GapA, GapB, and CP12 sequences from bryophytes, all orders of charophyte as well as chlorophyte green algae, and the glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa. Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of all available plastid GAPDH sequences suggest that glaucophytes and green plants are sister lineages and support a positioning of Mesostigma basal to all charophycean algae. The exclusive presence of GapB in terrestrial plants, charophytes, and Mesostigma dates the GapA/B gene duplication to the common ancestor of Streptophyta. The conspicuously high degree of GapB sequence conservation suggests an important metabolic role of the newly gained regulatory function. Because the GapB-mediated protein aggregation most likely ensures the complete blockage of the Calvin cycle at night, we propose that this mechanism is also crucial for efficient starch mobilization. This innovation may be one prerequisite for the development of storage tissues in land plants.