tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Easing of Suffering in Children With Cancer at the End of Life: Is Care Changing?
Authors: Joanne Wolfe, Jim F. Hammel, Kelly E. Edwards, Janet Duncan, Michael Comeau, Joanna Breyer, Sarah A. Aldridge, Holcombe E. Grier, Charles Berde, Veronica Dussel, Jane C. Weeks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

In the past decade studies have documented substantial suffering among children dying of cancer, prompting national attention on the quality of end-of-life care and the development of a palliative care service in our institutions. We sought to determine whether national and local efforts have led to changes in patterns of care, advanced care planning, and symptom control among children with cancer at the end of life.Retrospective cohort study from a US tertiary level pediatric institution. Parent survey and chart review data from 119 children who died between 1997 and 2004 (follow-up cohort) were compared with 102 children who died between 1990 and 1997 (baseline cohort).In the follow-up cohort, hospice discussions occurred more often (76% v 54%; adjusted risk difference [RD], 22%; P < .001) and earlier (adjusted geometric mean 52 days v 28 days before death; P = .002) compared with the baseline cohort. Do-not-resuscitate orders were also documented earlier (18 v 12 days; P = .031). Deaths in the intensive care unit or other hospitals decreased significantly (RD, 16%; P = .024). Parents reported less child suffering from pain (RD, 19%; P = .018) and dyspnea (RD, 21%; P = .020). A larger proportion of parents felt more prepared during the child's last month of life (RD, 29%; P < .001) and at the time of death (RD, 24%; P = .002).Children dying of cancer are currently receiving care that is more consistent with optimal palliative care and according to parents, are experiencing less suffering. With ongoing growth of the field of hospice and palliative medicine, further advancements are likely.
Human Primary Colon Carcinomas Xenografted Into Nude Mice. I. Characterization of Plasminogen Activators Expressed by Primary Tumors and Their Xenografts23
Authors: Jean-François Cajot, Bernard Sordat, Egbert K. O. Kruithof, Fedor Bachmann
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Journal Article Human Primary Colon Carcinomas Xenografted Into Nude Mice. I. Characterization of Plasminogen Activators Expressed by Primary Tumors and Their Xenografts Get access Jean-François Cajot, Jean-François Cajot Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernard Sordat, Bernard Sordat Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Egbert K. O. Kruithof, Egbert K. O. Kruithof Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fedor Bachmann Fedor Bachmann Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 77, Issue 3, September 1986, Pages 703–712, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/77.3.703 Published: 01 September 1986 Article history Received: 31 December 1984 Revision received: 09 December 1985 Accepted: 03 January 1986 Published: 01 September 1986
From the National Institutes of Health
Authors: James B. Wyngaarden
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis
Authors: Wan Beom Park, Won Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Jae-Joon Yim, Moonsuk Kim, Yong Jin Jung, Nam Joong Kim, Dong Hee Kim, Yoon Jun Kim, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Myoung-don Oh, Hyo Suk Lee
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Yersinia V–Antigen Exploits Toll-like Receptor 2 and CD14 for Interleukin 10–mediated Immunosuppression
Authors: Andreas Sing, Dagmar Rost, Natalia Tvardovskaia, Andreas Roggenkamp, Agnès Wiedemann, Carsten J. Kirschning, Martin Aepfelbacher, Jürgen Heesemann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

A characteristic of the three human-pathogenic Yersinia spp. (the plague agent Yersinia pestis and the enteropathogenic Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica) is the expression of the virulence (V)-antigen (LcrV). LcrV is a released protein which is involved in contact-induced secretion of yersinia antihost proteins and in evasion of the host's innate immune response. Here we report that recombinant LcrV signals in a CD14- and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent fashion leading to immunosuppression by interleukin 10 induction. The impact of this immunosuppressive effect for yersinia pathogenesis is underlined by the observation that TLR2-deficient mice are less susceptible to oral Y. enterocolitica infection than isogenic wild-type animals. In summary, these data demonstrate a new ligand specificity of TLR2, as LcrV is the first known secreted and nonlipidated virulence-associated protein of a Gram-negative bacterium using TLR2 for cell activation. We conclude that yersiniae might exploit host innate pattern recognition molecules and defense mechanisms to evade the host immune response.
Comparative Effectiveness of Pharmacologic Interventions for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Raveendhara R. Bannuru, Christopher H. Schmid, David M. Kent, Elizaveta E. Vaysbrot, John B. Wong, Timothy E. McAlindon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Background: The relative efficacy of available treatments of knee osteoarthritis (OA) must be determined for rational treatment algorithms to be formulated. Purpose: To examine the efficacy of treatments of primary knee OA using a network meta-analysis design, which estimates relative effects of all treatments against each other. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception through 15 August 2014, and unpublished data. Study Selection: Randomized trials of adults with knee OA comparing 2 or more of the following: acetaminophen, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib, intra-articular (IA) corticosteroids, IA hyaluronic acid, oral placebo, and IA placebo. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently abstracted study data and assessed study quality. Standardized mean differences were calculated for pain, function, and stiffness at 3-month follow-up. Data Synthesis: Network meta-analysis was performed using a Bayesian random-effects model; 137 studies comprising 33 243 participants were identified. For pain, all interventions significantly outperformed oral placebo, with effect sizes from 0.63 (95% credible interval [CrI], 0.39 to 0.88) for the most efficacious treatment (hyaluronic acid) to 0.18 (CrI, 0.04 to 0.33) for the least efficacious treatment (acetaminophen). For function, all interventions except IA corticosteroids were significantly superior to oral placebo. For stiffness, most of the treatments did not significantly differ from one another. Limitation: Lack of long-term data, inadequate reporting of safety data, possible publication bias, and few head-to-head comparisons. Conclusion: This method allowed comparison of common treatments of knee OA according to their relative efficacy. Intra-articular treatments were superior to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, possibly because of the integrated IA placebo effect. Small but robust differences were observed between active treatments. All treatments except acetaminophen showed clinically significant improvement from baseline pain. This information, along with the safety profiles and relative costs of included treatments, will be helpful for individualized patient care decisions. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
THE INFLUENCE OF RESISTANCE ON THE CHARACTER OF DISEASE IN EXPERIMENTAL RESPIRATORY INFECTION
Authors: F. S. Jones
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

An organism of the Pasteurella group (Pasteurella avicida) has been shown to possess considerable pathogenicity for rabbits when injected into the trachea. 1 cc. of bouillon containing 1/100 cc. of a 24 hour bouillon culture introduced by means of a curved metal tube passed through the larynx gives rise to a rapidly fatal septicemia in which the lungs are not particularly involved. Rabbits may be made completely resistant to this intratracheal infection by means of intratracheal, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous injections of killed cultures. Vaccination and subsequent injection of living culture beneath the skin resulted in extensive abscess formation about the site of inoculation. Vaccines sprayed on the mucous membranes of the nose and throat failed to raise appreciably the resistance against subsequent intratracheal injection. Rabbits whose resistance has been stimulated within narrow limits by a small dose of vaccine beneath the skin become more resistant to the experimental respiratory infection. The character of the disease is changed from a rapidly fatal septicemia without lung involvement to a more prolonged pneumonia. The blood remains sterile for varying periods. Consolidations of the more dependent lobes occur with considerable regularity. In two instances a characteristic empyema developed in the course of the experiments.
Individual differences in the effect of daily stressors on psoriasis: a prospective study
Authors: E.W.M. Verhoeven, F.W. Kraaimaat, E.M.G.J. de Jong, J. Schalkwijk, P.C.M. van de Kerkhof, A.W.M. Evers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

There is increasing evidence that stressors contribute to the severity of chronic inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis. However, much less is known about possible individual differences between patients in their stress reactivity, particularly the role of cognitive and behavioural factors, such as the role of worrying or scratching behaviour, in reaction to itch.To investigate the direct and moderating role of individual stress reactivity factors, particularly of cognitive and behavioural patterns of worrying and scratching, on the relationship between daily stressors and changes in disease severity [Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)] and itch in patients with psoriasis.Patients were followed for 6 months through monthly clinical and self-reported measures of daily stressors, itch, disease severity and individual reactivity factors. Data from 62 patients were suitable for analysis.Cognitive and behavioural patterns of worrying and scratching were both independently related to an increase 4 weeks later in disease severity (PASI) and itch, at moments when patients experienced a high level of daily stressors. At these moments, stressors also interacted with vulnerability factors, showing that patients with more daily stress and high worrying and scratching had particularly worsened disease severity and itch.Patients with high levels of worrying and scratching are most vulnerable to the impact of stressors on their psoriasis, particularly at highly stressful periods.
Presence of Intratumoral Stem Cells in Breast Cancer Patients with or without BRCA Germline Mutations.
Authors: C. Singer, P. Zabkova, G. Pfeiler, D. Gschwantler-kaulich, A. Fink-Retter, C. Staudigl, I. Walter, G. Hudelist, A. Spiess, E. Kubista
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background:BRCA-1/2 germline mutations are responsible for early onset breast cancer with poor outcome. The underlying causes of the particularly malignant phenotype are not completely understood, but mammary stem cells appear to have a key role in this process.Materials and Methods: We have investigated the presence of mammary stem/progenitor cells in normal tissues and in tumor tissues obtained from women with and without BRCA1/2 germline mutations by utilizing ALDH-1 immunohistochemistry.Results: Isolated ALDH-1 positive cells were found in 15/18 (64%) of breast cancer samples from women with BRCA 1 or 2 mutations and in 33 /51 (65%) of matched sporadic breast cancer cases (p=0.5949, Chi Square test). While mammary stem cells were also detected in non-malignant breast lesions, only 41% of the tissues contained ALDH-1 positive cells (p=0.0371, Chi Square test). In patients with BRCA germline mutations ALDH-1 positive cells were more common in p53 positive (p=0.0028, Chi Square test) tumors, in high grade (p=0.0796), and in larger tumors (p=0.0604), while no such association was seen in sporadic cancer cases. In our patients, the expression of ALDH-1 positive cells in breast cancer was neither associated with disease-free and overall survival, nor time to metastasis.Conclusion: Breast cancers from BRCA mutation carriers do not harbour more ALHD-1 positive cells than sporadic tumors, and their more aggressive phenotype can thus not be explained by an increased stem cell pool. The presence of ALDH-1 in normal breast tissue suggests that additional factors determine the biological behaviour of mammary stem cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1156.
The Function of Myosin and Myosin Light Chain Kinase Phosphorylation in Smooth Muscle
Authors: K E Kamm, J T Stull
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1985)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Treprostinil Monotherapy for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Zhi-Cheng Jing, Keyur Parikh, Tomas Pulido, Carlos Jerjes-Sanchez, R. James White, Roblee Allen, Adam Torbicki, Kai-Feng Xu, David Yehle, Kevin Laliberte, Carl Arneson, Lewis J. Rubin
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, fatal disease with no cure. Parenteral and inhaled prostacyclin analogue therapies are effective for the treatment of PAH, but complicated administration requirements can limit the use of these therapies in patients with less severe disease. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the oral prostacyclin analogue treprostinil diolamine as initial treatment for de novo PAH. Methods and Results— Three hundred forty-nine patients (intent-to-treat population) not receiving endothelin receptor antagonist or phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor background therapy were randomized (treprostinil, n=233; placebo, n=116). The primary analysis population (modified intent-to-treat) included 228 patients (treprostinil, n=151; placebo, n=77) with access to 0.25-mg treprostinil tablets at randomization. The primary end point was change from baseline in 6-minute walk distance at week 12. Secondary end points included Borg dyspnea index, clinical worsening, and symptoms of PAH. The week 12 treatment effect for 6-minute walk distance (modified intent-to-treat population) was 23.0 m ( P =0.0125). For the intent-to-treat population, 6-minute walk distance improvements were observed at peak (26.0 m; P =0.0001) and trough (17.0 m; P =0.0025) plasma study drug concentrations. Other than an improvement in the combined 6-minute walk distance/Borg dyspnea score, there were no significant changes in secondary end points. Oral treprostinil therapy was generally well tolerated; the most common adverse events (intent-to-treat) were headache (69%), nausea (39%), diarrhea (37%), and pain in jaw (25%). Conclusions— Oral treprostinil improves exercise capacity in PAH patients not receiving other treatment. Oral treprostinil could provide a convenient, first-line prostacyclin treatment option for PAH patients not requiring more intensive therapy. Clinical Trial Registration:— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00325403 .
Atabrine in Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: ANTONIO M. SAMIA, MARIANO M. ALIMURUNG
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The therapeutic efficacy of Atabrine in ventricular tachycardia has not yet been clearly demonstrated. In this case report, Atabrine stopped ventricular tachycardia and restored normal sinus rhythm following the fifth two-hourly oral dose of 0.30 Gm. Nausea and vomiting were the only toxic effects noted. Ventricular tachycardia, in this case, occurred as a complication of acute myocardial infarction. The latter's characteristic electrocardiographic picture became obvious as the arrhythmia was corrected.
Effect of Retroviral Endostatin Gene Transfer on Subcutaneous and Intraperitoneal Growth of Murine Tumors
Authors: A. L. Feldman, H. R. Alexander, S. M. Hewitt, D. Lorang, C. E. Thiruvathukal, E. M. Turner, S. K. Libutti
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: Inhibiting tumor angiogenesis is a promising new strategy for treating cancer. Difficulties with the stability, manufacture, and long-term administration of recombinant antiangiogenic proteins have prompted investigators to use gene therapy to generate these proteins in vivo. We investigated whether transfer of the gene encoding the angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin into the murine liver cell line NMuLi could inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Methods: NMuLi cells were transduced with retroviral vectors containing the murine endostatin gene. The presence and function of endostatin in transduced cell supernatants were confirmed by competitive enzyme immunoassay and endothelial cell proliferation assays. Nude mice were given a subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection with NMuLi cells, control transduced cells (NEF-null), or endostatin-transduced clones (NEF-Endo1 to 4) and were monitored for tumor growth. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Supernatants from the clone secreting the lowest amount of endostatin (NEF-Endo4, 28 ng/mL) inhibited endothelial cell proliferation by 6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0% to 12%), and those from the clone secreting the highest amount (NEF-Endo1, 223 ng/mL) inhibited endothelial cell proliferation by 20% (95% CI = 13% to 27%). Increased levels of endostatin were detected in tumor lysates, but not serum, of mice given a subcutaneous injection of NEF-Endo1 cells. After 63 days, mice given a subcutaneous injection of parental NMuLi or NEF-null cells had tumor volumes of 2400 mm3 (95% CI = 1478 mm3 to 3300 mm3) and 2700 mm3 (95% CI = 2241 mm3 to 3144 mm3), respectively, compared with mean tumor volumes of less than 30 mm3 in mice given an injection of NEF-Endo clones, a statistically significant difference (P<.001). After 123 days, all 16 mice given an intraperitoneal injection of parental NMuLi or NEF-null cells had died, compared with only three (9%) of 32 mice given an injection of NEF-Endo clones. Conclusions: Retroviral endostatin gene transfer leads to secretion of functional endostatin that is sufficiently active to inhibit tumor growth. Further studies of retroviral endostatin gene transfer for the treatment of cancer are warranted.
Endometrial factors in recurrent miscarriage
Authors: T. C. Li
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2002)

Recurrent pregnancy loss may be a consequence of an abnormal embryonic karyotype, or maternal factors affecting the endometrium resulting in defective implantation. In order to study the endometrial factors responsible for recurrent pregnancy loss, endometrial biopsy samples should be precisely timed according to the LH surge, and the investigation should be carried out in a non-conception cycle, prior to the next pregnancy. The various methods of studying the endometrium including morphological studies, morphometry, immunohistrochemistry, measurement of endometrial protein in plasma and uterine flushings, cytokine expression in endometrial cells, leukocyte populations in the endometrium and ultrasonographic and hysteroscopic studies, were reviewed. The clinical relevance of the observed abnormality depends on whether or not the abnormality is persistent in subsequent cycles, and if the observed abnormality is of significant prognostic value. Very little is known about the treatment of endometrial defect associated with recurrent pregnancy loss, but preliminary data suggest that the use of HMG may be of benefit.
Remodelling of the bronchial wall in very young children at risk for developing asthma
Authors: Katarina Berankova, Petr Pohunek, Jiri Uhlik, Lenka Havlikova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Remodelling of the bronchial wall in asthmatic patients includes various attributes like thickening of the basement membrane, hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells or increased vascularity of the subepithelial tissue. Although the prevalence of asthma in childhood is much higher than in adults, we still don9t have much information about the onset and development of these changes. In the past, remodelling of the bronchial wall was considered to be result of a chronic inflammation going on hand in hand with the course of the disease. In this study we analyzed 30 endobronchial biopsies from very young children (average age of 18.9 months) that were taken during bronchoscopic examination done for various reasons (e.g. chronic cough, recurrent bronchitis). Thirteen children with atopic eczema or history of parental asthma were considered at risk for developing asthma and remaining seventeen children formed the control group. We found significant thickening of the basement membrane in children at risk for developing asthma compared to the controls (3.53 µm and 2.89 µm respectively). In ten of these children we analysed the proportion of laminin-positive layer in the total thickness of the basement membrane that was also significantly higher in asthma group (65.94 % and 42.11% respectively). We conclude that these results may support need for early diagnosis of obstruction and subsequent preventative treatment in children in high risk for developing asthma as structural changes in the bronchial mucosa may be present with first symptoms. Supported by GAUK 340911 and IGA MZ NT/11444.