tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spinal Inflammation in the Absence of Sacroiliac Joint Inflammation on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Active Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Désirée van der Heijde, Joachim Sieper, Walter P. Maksymowych, Matthew A. Brown, Robert G. W. Lambert, Suchitrita S. Rathmann, Aileen L. Pangan
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2013)

Objective To evaluate the presence of spinal inflammation with and without sacroiliac (SI) joint inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with active nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA), and to compare the disease characteristics of these subgroups. Methods ABILITY‐1 is a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of adalimumab versus placebo in patients with nonradiographic axial SpA classified using the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society axial SpA criteria. Baseline MRIs were centrally scored independently by 2 readers using the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) method for the SI joints and the SPARCC 6–discovertebral unit method for the spine. Positive evidence of inflammation on MRI was defined as a SPARCC score of ≥2 for either the SI joints or the spine. Results Among patients with baseline SPARCC scores, 40% had an SI joint score of ≥2 and 52% had a spine score of ≥2. Forty‐nine percent of patients with baseline SI joint scores of &lt;2, and 58% of those with baseline SI joint scores of ≥2, had a spine score of ≥2. Comparison of baseline disease characteristics by baseline SI joint and spine scores showed that a greater proportion of patients in the subgroup with a baseline SPARCC score of ≥2 for both SI joints and spine were male, and patients with spine and SI joint scores of &lt;2 were younger and had shorter symptom duration. SPARCC spine scores correlated with baseline symptom duration, and SI joint scores correlated negatively with the baseline Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, but neither correlated with the baseline Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, total back pain, the patient's global assessment of disease activity, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, morning stiffness, nocturnal pain, or C‐reactive protein level. Conclusion Assessment by experienced readers showed that spinal inflammation on MRI might be observed in half of patients with nonradiographic axial SpA without SI joint inflammation.
Intracutaneous and Intravesical Immunotherapy With Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin Compared With Intravesical Mitomycin in Patients With Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results From a Prospective Randomized Phase III Trial
Authors: Rianne J.M. Lammers, Wim P.J. Witjes, Maria H.D. Janzing-Pastors, Christien T.M. Caris, J. Alfred Witjes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Purpose Despite current treatment after transurethral resection of a bladder tumor, recurrences and progression remain a problem. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) was beneficial in earlier studies. In this study, safety and efficacy of KLH were compared with that of mitomycin (MM). Patients and Methods Patients with intermediate- and high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) without carcinoma in situ were enrolled in a randomized phase III trial. In all, 283 patients were randomly assigned for 16 adjuvant intravesical instillations with KLH after preimmunization, and 270 patients were randomly assigned for 11 adjuvant intravesical instillations with MM. Primary outcome measurement was recurrence-free survival (RFS). Secondary outcome measurements were progression-free survival, adverse events (AEs), and the effect of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response on clinical outcome. Results There were significantly more pT1 tumors in the MM group (P = .01). In a log-rank test, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, KLH was less effective than MM regarding RFS (all P &lt; .001). Progression was uncommon (n = 20). In univariate Cox regression analyses, KLH tended to prevent progression more effectively than MM, but in multivariate Cox regression analyses, this could not be shown. AEs were common but mild. Fever, flu-like symptoms, and fatigue occurred significantly more after KLH treatment. Allergic reactions and other skin disorders occurred significantly more after MM treatment. Significantly more DTH-positive patients developed a recurrence than DTH-negative patients. Conclusion KLH had a different safety profile and was inferior to MM in preventing NMIBC recurrences. KLH tended to be more effective than MM in preventing progression. More research is needed to clarify the immunologic effects of KLH and the effects of KLH on progression.
Phase II Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Cisplatin-Epinephrine Injectable Gel Administered to Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: T.W.T. Leung, S. Yu, P.J. Johnson, J. Geschwind, T.J. Vogl, K. Engelmann, G.J. Gores, M. Giovannini, J. O’Grady, M. Heneghan, M. Stewart, E.K. Orenberg, P.J. Thuluvath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To study the efficacy and safety of percutaneous cisplatin-epinephrine (CDDP-EPI) injectable gel in patients with localized unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Eligible patients had histologically proven HCC, no prior treatment except for surgery, and no more than three tumors (each measured < or = 7 cm, total tumor volume < or = 200 cm(3)). They were treated percutaneously under ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) guidance, with up to 10 mL of CDDP-EPI gel (1 mL contains 4 mg of CDDP and 0.1 mg of EPI) per treatment and four treatments in 6 weeks to a maximum of eight treatments. The primary end points were tumor response, defined by change of percentage of tumor necrosis according to CT criteria, and safety. Survival parameters were secondary end points.From June 1997 to April 2000, 58 patients (median age, 65 years) entered the study. All patients were assessable for safety, and 51 were assessable for efficacy. The median number of treatments was four (range, one to eight treatments). Objective response rate was 53% (27 of 51 patients), including 16 complete and 11 partial responses. Of the 27 responders, 14 (52%) subsequently developed progressive disease, but in most of them (93%), a new tumor arose at untreated liver sites. Median survival was 27 months (range, 18.4 to 35.7 months). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 79%, 56%, and 14% respectively. The procedure was well tolerated with only minor side effects.Percutaneous local ablation with CDDP-EPI injectable gel can induce significant tumor necrosis and local control for localized unresectable HCC, and the treatment is well tolerated.
Maternal Glucose at 28 Weeks of Gestation Is Not Associated With Obesity in 2-Year-Old Offspring
Authors: David J. Pettitt, Sonia McKenna, Ciara McLaughlin, Christopher C. Patterson, David R. Hadden, David R. McCance
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Diabetes during pregnancy is a strong risk factor for obesity in the offspring, but the age at which this association becomes apparent is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of glycemia during pregnancy with anthropometry in offspring of nondiabetic pregnant women from the Belfast U.K. center of the multinational Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study.Women from the HAPO Study were invited to participate in follow-up of their offspring aged 2 years. Measurements included height, weight, and thickness of triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfolds.A total of 1,165 offspring (73% of eligible children; 598 boys and 567 girls) were seen from ages 22-30 completed months. The only association that reached statistical significance was between categories of maternal 1-h glucose and BMI Z score >or=85th percentile at 2 years (P = 0.017). Overall the correlations between maternal glucose during pregnancy and BMI Z score at age 2 years were weak (fasting glucose r = 0.05, P = 0.08; 1-h glucose r = 0.04, P = 0.22; 2-h glucose r = 0.03, P = 0.36; and area under the curve for glucose r = 0.04, P = 0.18).This study found little association between maternal glucose during pregnancy and obesity in the offspring at this young age. These findings are not unexpected given that study results for young offspring whose mothers had diabetes during pregnancy were indistinguishable from those for normal offspring at this age. It will be interesting to see whether, as these children age, maternal glucose during pregnancy in the ranges included in the HAPO Study will be associated with obesity in their children.
Dissociation Between Ionic Remodeling and Ability to Sustain Atrial Fibrillation During Recovery From Experimental Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Tae-Joon Cha, Joachim R. Ehrlich, Liming Zhang, Yan-Fen Shi, Jean-Claude Tardif, Tack Ki Leung, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Congestive heart failure (CHF) downregulates atrial transient outward (I(to)), slow delayed rectifier (I(Ks)), and L-type Ca(2+) (I(Ca,L)) currents and upregulates Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange current (I(NCX)) (ionic remodeling) and causes atrial fibrosis (structural remodeling). The relative importance of ionic versus structural remodeling in CHF-related atrial fibrillation (AF) is controversial.We measured hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters, mean duration of burst pacing-induced AF (DAF), and atrial-myocyte ionic currents in dogs with CHF induced by 2-week ventricular tachypacing (240 bpm), CHF dogs allowed to recover without pacing for 4 weeks (REC), and unpaced controls. Left ventricular ejection fraction averaged 58.6+/-1.2% (control), 36.2+/-2.3% (CHF, P<0.01), and 57.9+/-1.6% (REC), indicating full hemodynamic recovery. Similarly, left atrial pressures were 2.2+/-0.3 (control), 13.1+/-1.5 (CHF), and 2.4+/-0.4 (REC) mm Hg. CHF reduced I(to) density by approximately 65% (P<0.01), decreased I(Ca,L) density by approximately 50% (P<0.01), and diminished I(Ks) density by approximately 40% (P<0.01) while increasing I(NCX) density by approximately 110% (P<0.05). In REC, all ionic current densities returned to control values. DAF increased in CHF (1132+/-207 versus 14.3+/-8.8 seconds, control) and remained increased with REC (1014+/-252 seconds). Atrial fibrous tissue content also increased in CHF (2.1+/-0.2% for control versus 10.2+/-0.7% for CHF, P<0.01), with no recovery observed in REC (9.4+/-0.8%, P<0.01 versus control, P=NS versus CHF).With reversal of CHF, there is complete recovery of ionic remodeling, but the prolonged-AF substrate and structural remodeling remain. This suggests that structural, not ionic, remodeling is the primary contributor to AF maintenance in experimental CHF.
Anxieties and fears about plutonium.
Authors: J D Watts
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Reptilase test in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma SIR,-I read with interest the report by Dr P J Johnson and others (1 October, p 869) of their experience with the reptilase test in patients with various liver diseases, in which these authors contrasted their data with those which I had recorded in a group of Africans with primary liver cancer.tPursuing the latter studies on a group of British patients I became aware of striking differences, particularly in regard to dysfibrinogenaemia.Unfortunately Dr Johnson and his colleagues do not appear to have evaluated this phenomenon.In my experience the reptilase test has been con- sistently abnormal in British and African patients with primary liver cancer, with and without coexistent cirrhosis, in contrast to the normal results obtained in patients with carcinoma metastatic to the liver.However, the corresponding information in cirrhosis un- complicated by tumour does indicate that many of these patients do have an abnormal reptilase test in the absence of dysfibrinogenaemia.These data have been presented on a number of occasions,2 X and a detailed account is to appear shortly.5It includes a description of the modified reptilase test and a putative explanation for the racial differences and the apparently discrepant findings in cirrhosis.
Interspecific RNA in situ hybridization reveals perinuclear mastermind transcripts in drosophila virilis
Authors: A. T. Schmid, S. J. Newfeld, B. Yedvobnick
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Interspecificand intraspecific comparisons of protein coding and noncoding nucleotide sequences have improved our understanding of the function and molecular evolution of numerous genes.In addition to sequence comparisons, for complex developmental genes an interspecific comparison of RNA expression patterns can be informative (Lukowitz et al. 1994).Preliminary data for such comparisons can be obtained from interspecific RNA in situ hybridization experiments.Using probes from Drosophila melanogaster, we examined the embryonic transcription pattern of the neurogenic gene mastermind (mam) in D. virilis.The analysis indicated that mam transcription is highly conserved in the two species and also revealed an unexpected feature of mam RNA local'ization during very early development.mam was identified through its role in the formation of the nervous system in the D. melanogaster embryo (Lehmann et al. 1983).Subsequent genetic analyses have demonstrated that mam has numerous roles in embryonic and postembryonic development (Ruohola et al. 199 1, Hartenstein et al. 1992).Molecular analyses reveal that mam encodes a nuclear protein and that the protein is highly repetitive, displaying numerous amino acid homopolymers.Nonrepetitive regions of mam show very limited similarity to sequences of known function, but prominent clusters of charged amino acids are evident.Studies of mam expression identified transcripts which accumulate in a spatially and temporally dynamic pattern (Smoller et al. 1990; Bettler, Schmid, and Yedvobnick 199 1; unpublished data).Interspecific nucleotide sequence comparison of the protein coding region of mam from D. melanogaster and D. virilis revealed an equilibrium between natural selection and molecular drive; extensive length variation in repetitive regions appears to be balanced by selection to maintain the overall amino acid length between two conserved clusters of
Bevacizumab Added to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Harry D. Bear, Gong Tang, Priya Rastogi, Charles E. Geyer, André Robidoux, James N. Atkins, Luis Baez-Diaz, Adam M. Brufsky, Rita S. Mehta, Louis Fehrenbacher, James A. Young, Francis M. Senecal, Rakesh Gaur, Richard G. Margolese, Paul T. Adams, Howard M. Gross, Joseph P. Costantino, Sandra M. Swain, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, Norman Wolmark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Bevacizumab and the antimetabolites capecitabine and gemcitabine have been shown to improve outcomes when added to taxanes in patients with metastatic breast cancer. The primary aims of this trial were to determine whether the addition of capecitabine or gemcitabine to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, followed by doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, would increase the rates of pathological complete response in the breast in women with operable, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative breast cancer and whether adding bevacizumab to these chemotherapy regimens would increase the rates of pathological complete response.
Ionized calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration in serum of patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: K Hamada, S Nagai, T Tsutsumi, T Izumi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The aim of this study was to evaluate alterations in calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis. The serum concentrations of calcium (sCa), ionized calcium (sCa2+), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (s1,25(OH)2D3) and parathyroid hormone (sPTH), serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity (sACE) and urinary excretion of calcium (uCa) were studied in 36 Japanese patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, aged 48.1+/-15.3 yrs (mean+/-SD), 15 males and 21 females. During the study the patients were on a daily diet with 500 mg calcium and 1000 mg phosphorus for a total of 6 days. sCa2+ was above the normal range (>1.26 mmol x L(-1)) in 10 patients (27.8%), 12 patients (33.3%) were hypercalciuric, and 16 patients (44.4%) showed alteration in calcium metabolism, with an increase in values of sCa, sCa2+ or uCa. There was a significant correlation between sCa2+ and s1,25(OH)2D3 (p<0.001), as well as between sCa2+ and sACE (p<0.001). s1,25(OH)2D3 in patients with extrathoracic involvement (ETI) tended to be higher than in patients without ETI. sCa2+ was less than 1.23 mmol x L(-1) (p<0.05) in the majority of patients without ETI, and sCa2+ was less than 1.24 mmol x L(-1) in the majority of normocalciuric patients. In conclusion, a disease-related alteration in calcium metabolism was seen in about 40% of patients with sarcoidosis, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D probably plays a crucial role in this abnormality. The serum concentration of ionized calcium was considered to be a useful index for the disease activity of sarcoidosis.
Expression of α and β integrins during terminal differentiation of cardiomyocytes
Authors: N Maitra
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Background: In the myocardium, myocyte cell division is irreversibly blocked shortly after birth. The signal that initiates cell cycle withdrawal is unknown. The purpose of this study was to relate changes in expression of β1 integrin and its associated α subunits to cardiomyocyte cell cycle progression during the fetal-to-neonatal developmental transition in rat. Methods and results: The developmental expression pattern and function of β1 integrin and several of its associated α subunits were examined using reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and β1 blocking antibodies. During the fetal to neonatal transition, a dramatic shift occurred in the levels of β1 and α isoforms. At the 17-day fetal stage only β1A was present, which remained relatively constant until immediately after birth then decreased by 30% at the adult stage. By contrast, β1D appeared at fetal day 18, increased at neonatal day 2, and afterwards remained constant. This resulted in a ratio of β1A to β1D of about 1:1 in the adult heart. The integrin β1-associated subunits, α3, α6, and α7, were expressed at extremely low levels in 17-day fetal cardiomyocytes. After birth α3 and α6 transiently increased at the 2-day neonatal stage, while α7 isoforms B, C, and X2 progressively increased to the adult stage. Unlike skeletal muscle cells, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis (FACS) showed no down regulation of the α5β1 fibronectin receptor during cell cycle withdrawal. Treatment of cultured cardiomyocytes with β1 blocking antibody inhibited the cell cycle in fetal but not in neonatal cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that progression through the cardiomyocyte cell cycle may be dependent upon cell attachment via integrin β1 and correlate with changes that occur in β1 spliced variants and their respective α isoforms.
Clinicians Agreement in Establishing Glaucomatous Progression Using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph
Authors: Gianmarco Vizzeri, Robert N. Weinreb, Jose M. Martinez de la Casa, Luciana M. Alencar, Christopher Bowd, Madhusudhanan Balasubramanian, Felipe A. Medeiros, Pamela Sample, Linda M. Zangwill
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
NOTES on the DIAGNOSIS of LATENT ABSCESS of the MAXILLARY ANTRUM
Authors: E. C. Baber
Journal: BMJ (1896)

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Evolution of Relative Reading Frame Bias in Unidirectional Prokaryotic Gene Overlaps
Authors: P. J. A. Cock, D. E. Whitworth
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Pairs of unidirectional (same strand) genes can overlap in one of two phases (relative reading frames). There is a striking bias in the relative abundance of prokaryotic gene overlaps in the two possible phases. A simple model is presented based on unidirectional gene overlaps evolving from nonoverlapping gene pairs, through the adoption of alternative start codons by the downstream genes. Potential alternative start codons within upstream gene sequences were found to occur at greater frequencies in one phase, corresponding to the most prevalent phase of gene overlaps. We therefore suggest that the phase bias of overlapping genes is primarily a consequence of the N-terminal extension of downstream genes through adoption of new start codons.
A Novel Role of the Sympatho-Adrenergic System in Regulating Valve Calcification
Authors: Lana Osman, Adrian H. Chester, Padmini Sarathchandra, Najma Latif, Wenfang Meng, Patricia M. Taylor, Magdi H. Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Aortic valve calcification is a progressive process resembling ossification. Recent evidence indicates that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in regulating bone deposition and resorption through the β 2 -adrenergic receptors (β 2 -ARs). The aim of this study is to determine the level and pattern of expression of β 2 -ARs in human valve interstitial cells (ICs) and assess their influence on differentiation of the cells into an osteoblast-like phenotype. Methods and Results— Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a high expression of β 2 -ARs, β 1 -ARs, β 3 -AR,s and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) in calcified aortic valves. The expression of β 2 -ARs and β 1 -ARs mRNA was assessed by real-time TaqMan PCR in cultures of human aortic valve ICs. Human valve ICs treated with the selective β 2 -AR agonist, salmeterol, in the presence of osteogenic medium showed a significant 5-fold decrease in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in comparison to cells treated with osteogenic medium only ( P &lt;0.05). Immunocytochemical staining of the valve ICs showed a concomitant reduction in osteocalcin expression. In addition, other β 2 -AR agonists caused a reduction in the protein expression of bone markers including ALP, Cbfa-1, and periostin. Human valve ICs treated with norepinephrine, in the presence of osteogenic medium, did not show a significant reduction in the ALP activity. Conclusions— These findings suggest an important role of the β 2 -ARs in regulating valve calcification and may identify potential therapeutic targets.