tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Israel Medical Association fights to stop legalisation of force feeding prisoners on hunger strike
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Israel Medical Association has voiced its strong opposition to a proposed government amendment before the Knesset, which was endorsed by Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu, to allow force feeding of prisoners who launch hunger strikes.

Some 190 Palestinian security prisoners, believed by Israeli security authorities to have been involved in terrorist acts against the state, have been in administrative detention instead of being tried in a civilian or military court. Since April, 125 of them have gone on hunger strike, and about 70 have been hospitalised. Their physical conditions have declined as a result of consuming food only from outside prison while refusing meals prepared by the Israel Prison Service. All of the …
Tumor Paint: A Chlorotoxin:Cy5.5 Bioconjugate for Intraoperative Visualization of Cancer Foci
Authors: Mandana Veiseh, Patrik Gabikian, S-Bahram Bahrami, Omid Veiseh, Miqin Zhang, Robert C. Hackman, Ali C. Ravanpay, Mark R. Stroud, Yumiko Kusuma, Stacey J. Hansen, Deborah Kwok, Nina M. Munoz, Raymond W. Sze, William M. Grady, Norman M. Greenberg, Richard G. Ellenbogen, James M. Olson
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Toward the goal of developing an optical imaging contrast agent that will enable surgeons to intraoperatively distinguish cancer foci from adjacent normal tissue, we developed a chlorotoxin:Cy5.5 (CTX:Cy5.5) bioconjugate that emits near-IR fluorescent signal. The probe delineates malignant glioma, medulloblastoma, prostate cancer, intestinal cancer, and sarcoma from adjacent non-neoplastic tissue in mouse models. Metastatic cancer foci as small as a few hundred cells were detected in lymph channels. Specific binding to cancer cells is facilitated by matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) as evidenced by reduction of CTX:Cy5.5 binding in vitro and in vivo by a pharmacologic blocker of MMP-2 and induction of CTX:Cy5.5 binding in MCF-7 cells following transfection with a plasmid encoding MMP-2. Mouse studies revealed that CTX:Cy5.5 has favorable biodistribution and toxicity profiles. These studies show that CTX:Cy5.5 has the potential to fundamentally improve intraoperative detection and resection of malignancies. [Cancer Res 2007;67(14):6882–8]
TREATMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS WITH A PHENOTHIAZINE DERIVATIVE (PROCHLORPERAZINE) WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AFTER CARE
Authors: J. ST. LAURENT, C. H. CAHN, T. A. BAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

1. Prochlorperazine has proved to be an effective drug for the treatment of acute psychotic conditions and for maintenance therapy in an after care setting of chronic psychiatric patients. It is particularly valuable in paranoid states and schizophrenia. Frequent side effects (53%) especially of the extrapyramidal type were generally controlled without difficulty by the addition of anti-parkinsonian drugs. 2. Frequently, discontinuation or decrease of the dose of prochlorperazine resulted in exacerbation of symptoms, which in most cases responded promptly to resumption of maintenance therapy or to increase of dosage.
Dilated cardiomyopathy in homozygous myosin-binding protein-C mutant mice
Authors: Bradley K. McConnell, Karen A. Jones, Diane Fatkin, Luis H. Arroyo, Richard T. Lee, Orlando Aristizabal, Daniel H. Turnbull, Dimitrios Georgakopoulos, David Kass, Meredith Bond, Hideshi Niimura, Frederick J. Schoen, David Conner, Donald H. Fischman, Christine E. Seidman, J.G. Seidman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

To elucidate the role of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (MyBP-C) in myocardial structure and function, we have produced mice expressing altered forms of this sarcomere protein. The engineered mutations encode truncated forms of MyBP-C in which the cardiac myosin heavy chain-binding and titin-binding domain has been replaced with novel amino acid residues. Analogous heterozygous defects in humans cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mice that are homozygous for the mutated MyBP-C alleles express less than 10% of truncated protein in M-bands of otherwise normal sarcomeres. Homozygous mice bearing mutated MyBP-C alleles are viable but exhibit neonatal onset of a progressive dilated cardiomyopathy with prominent histopathology of myocyte hypertrophy, myofibrillar disarray, fibrosis, and dystrophic calcification. Echocardiography of homozygous mutant mice showed left ventricular dilation and reduced contractile function at birth; myocardial hypertrophy increased as the animals matured. Left-ventricular pressure-volume analyses in adult homozygous mutant mice demonstrated depressed systolic contractility with diastolic dysfunction. These data revise our understanding of the role that MyBP-C plays in myofibrillogenesis during cardiac development and indicate the importance of this protein for long-term sarcomere function and normal cardiac morphology. We also propose that mice bearing homozygous familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy–causing mutations may provide useful tools for predicting the severity of disease that these mutations will cause in humans.
Pathway-Specific Analysis of Gene Expression Data Identifies the PI3K/Akt Pathway as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Julie K. Schwarz, Jacqueline E. Payton, Ramachandran Rashmi, Tao Xiang, Yunhe Jia, Phyllis Huettner, Buck E. Rogers, Qin Yang, Mark Watson, Janet S. Rader, Perry W. Grigsby
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Cervical tumor response on posttherapy 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is predictive of survival outcome. The purpose of this study was to use gene expression profiling to identify pathways associated with tumor metabolic response. Experimental Design: This was a prospective tissue collection study for gene expression profiling of 62 pretreatment biopsies from patients with advanced cervical cancer. Patients were treated with definitive radiation. Fifty-three patients received concurrent chemotherapy. All patients underwent a pretreatment and a 3-month posttherapy FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT). Tumor RNA was harvested from fresh frozen tissue and hybridized to Affymetrix U133Plus2 GeneChips. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify signaling pathways associated with tumor metabolic response. Immunohistochemistry and in vitro FDG uptake assays were used to confirm our results. Results: There were 40 biopsies from patients with a complete metabolic response (PET-negative group) and 22 biopsies from patients with incomplete metabolic response (PET-positive group). The 3-year cause-specific survival estimates were 98% for the PET-negative group and 39% for the PET-positive group (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). GSEA identified alterations in expression of genes associated with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in patients with a positive follow-up PET. Immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray of 174 pretreatment biopsies confirmed p-Akt as a biomarker for poor prognosis in cervical cancer. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 inhibited FDG uptake in vitro in cervical cancer cell lines. Conclusions: Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is associated with incomplete metabolic response in cervical cancer. Targeted inhibition of PI3K/Akt may improve response to chemoradiation. Clin Cancer Res; 18(5); 1464–71. ©2012 AACR.
CASE OF SUICIDE BY CUT THROAT
Authors: J. S. Bartrum
Journal: BMJ (1855)

JOUNAJ[Now.It, aln. a Ax action was not stong eough to brig up the contents 'hbi stomach.He went to bd, and rlept most of the da: in fact, he had no subsequent trouble, except a little gk1Ing from ndems of the uvula.I took out the stitches on the 28th, and found that the wouand had entirely healed; and so it remained.Of course the bony aperture still remains to be relieved by artificial MOM.
Unc93B1 biases Toll-like receptor responses to nucleic acid in dendritic cells toward DNA- but against RNA-sensing
Authors: Ryutaro Fukui, Shin-ichiroh Saitoh, Fumi Matsumoto, Hiroko Kozuka-Hata, Masaaki Oyama, Koichi Tabeta, Bruce Beutler, Kensuke Miyake
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 7, and 9 recognize microbial nucleic acids in endolysosomes and initiate innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR7/9 in dendritic cells (DCs) also respond to self-derived RNA/DNA, respectively, and drive autoantibody production. Remarkably, TLR7 and 9 appear to have mutually opposing, pathogenic or protective, impacts on lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Little is known, however, about the contrasting relationship between TLR7 and 9. We show that TLR7 and 9 are inversely linked by Unc93B1, a multiple membrane-spanning endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein. Complementation cloning with a TLR7-unresponsive but TLR9-responsive cell line revealed that amino acid D34 in Unc93B1 repressed TLR7-mediated responses. D34A mutation rendered Unc93B1-deficient DCs hyperresponsive to TLR7 ligand but hyporesponsive to TLR9 ligand, with TLR3 responses unaltered. Unc93B1 associates with and delivers TLR7/9 from the ER to endolysosomes for ligand recognition. The D34A mutation up-regulates Unc93B1 association with endogenous TLR7 in DCs, whereas Unc93B1 association with TLR9 was down-regulated by the D34A mutation. Consistently, the D34A mutation up-regulated ligand-induced trafficking of TLR7 but down-regulated that of TLR9. Collectively, TLR response to nucleic acids in DCs is biased toward DNA-sensing by Unc93B1.
Laboratory and Clinical Studies with Buffered and Nonbuffered Acetylsalicylic Acid
Authors: G. A. Cronk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

SINCE the introduction of acetylsalicylic acid as an antirheumatic and analgesic agent, its effective-ness in controlling mild pain and its paucity of side reactions have made it the most widely used drug in the world. Many combinations of acetylsalicylic acid with other chemicals have been produced in attempts to increase its pain-relieving efficiency or to decrease the number of side reactions occurring after its administration. This study was designed to examine the relative efficiency or deficiency of buffered and nonbuffered acetylsalicylic acid as a pharmaceutical agent.Methods and MaterialsBecause of the multiple difficulties inherent in investigations where the measurement . . .
Gefitinib versus cisplatin plus docetaxel in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (WJTOG3405): an open label, randomised phase 3 trial
Authors: Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Satoshi Morita, Yasushi Yatabe, Shunichi Negoro, Isamu Okamoto, Junji Tsurutani, Takashi Seto, Miyako Satouchi, Hirohito Tada, Tomonori Hirashima, Kazuhiro Asami, Nobuyuki Katakami, Minoru Takada, Hiroshige Yoshioka, Kazuhiko Shibata, Shinzoh Kudoh, Eiji Shimizu, Hiroshi Saito, Shinichi Toyooka, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Masahiro Fukuoka
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2009)
Growth of donor-derived dendritic cells from the bone marrow of murine liver allograft recipients in response to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Authors: L Lu, W A Rudert, S Qian, D McCaslin, F Fu, A S Rao, M Trucco, J J Fung, T E Starzl, A W Thomson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Allografts of the liver, which has a comparatively heavy leukocyte content compared with other vascularized organs, are accepted permanently across major histocompatibility complex barriers in many murine strain combinations without immunosuppressive therapy. It has been postulated that this inherent tolerogenicity of the liver may be a consequence of the migration and perpetuation within host lymphoid tissues of potentially tolerogenic donor-derived ("chimeric") leukocytes, in particular, the precursors of chimeric dendritic cells (DC). In this study, we have used granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor to induce the propagation of progenitors that give rise to DC (CD45+, CD11c+, 33D1+, nonlymphoid dendritic cell 145+, major histocompatibility complex class II+, B7-1+) in liquid cultures of murine bone marrow cells. Using this technique, together with immunocytochemical and molecular methods, we show that, in addition to cells expressing female host (C3H) phenotype (H-2Kk+; I-E+; Y chromosome-), a minor population of male donor (B10)-derived cells (H-2Kb+; I-A+; Y chromosome+) can also be grown in 10-d DC cultures from the bone marrow of liver allograft recipients 14 d after transplant. Highly purified nonlymphoid dendritic cell 145+ DC sorted from these bone marrow-derived cell cultures were shown to comprise approximately 1-10% cells of donor origin (Y chromosome+) by polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, sorted DC stimulated naive, recipient strain T lymphocytes in primary mixed leukocyte cultures. Evidence was also obtained for the growth of donor-derived cells from the spleen but not the thymus. In contrast, donor cells could not be propagated from the bone marrow or other lymphoid tissues of nonimmunosuppressed C3H mice rejecting cardiac allografts from the same donor strain (B10). These findings provide a basis for the establishment and perpetuation of cell chimerism after organ transplantation.
Screening for Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Follow-Up Study of Patients With Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
Authors: Maarten J. Titulaer, Paul W. Wirtz, Luuk N.A. Willems, Klaas W. van Kralingen, Peter A.E. Sillevis Smitt, Jan J.G.M. Verschuuren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

A small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is found in 50% of patients with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). We evaluated screening to optimize screening strategy for SCLC. It is important to detect these tumors early in newly diagnosed patients with LEMS to offer optimal patient treatment.A large nationwide cohort study of consecutive patients in the Netherlands, seen between 1990 and 2007, were screened for the presence of a tumor using chest x-ray, computed tomography of the thorax (CT-thorax), [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), bronchoscopy, and/or mediastinoscopy.SCLC was found in 54 patients, and in 46 patients, no tumor was found during a median follow-up of 8 years (range, 3 to 26 years). All patients with SCLC had a positive smoking history and 86% were still smoking at diagnosis. SCLC was found in 92% of these patients within 3 months and in 96% within a year. At first screening, CT-thorax detected an SCLC in 45 patients (83%), whereas chest x-ray found the tumor in only 23 patients (51%). An SCLC was found during secondary screening in another nine patients (median, 3 months; range, 1 to 41 months). In six patients, a lung tumor was found by CT-thorax or FDG-PET, and in three patients, extrapulmonary metastases were found, initially without identifiable tumor mass on CT-thorax.In almost all patients (96%), the SCLC was found within 1 year of diagnosis. CT-thorax scans detected most of the tumors (93%) and was far more sensitive than chest x-ray (51%). FDG-PET may have additive value in selected cases. We propose a screening protocol based on CT-thorax and FDG-PET.
Recent advances: personalised use of current Crohn's disease therapeutic options
Authors: Séverine Vermeire, Marc Ferrante, Paul Rutgeerts
Journal: Gut (2013)

Several aspects of the management of Crohn9s disease (CD) are shared between patients. The goal of all therapies should be to achieve clinical and endoscopic remission in a timely manner to avoid disease progression and abdominal resections. The way this goal is achieved may differ and predicting how the disease will evolve, what the most appropriate therapy with the highest chance of success will be, how long a therapy needs to be continued, and what the intensity of follow-up should be are more difficult questions and require an individualised approach. Clinical parameters have been suggested to aid in the therapeutic decision process but lack specificity. Although much promise has been put in molecular markers, these have not yet found their way to the clinic. More recently, clinicians have started to gain interest in drug level monitoring to adapt doses of immunomodulators and/or anti-tumour necrosis factor antibodies in an individualised manner. An increasing number of studies show that therapeutic drug monitoring can help physicians to improve and personalise the management of their patients. What is needed now are pharmaco-economic studies showing that personalised management of CD is cost effective.
CALCIUM METABOLISM AFTER THYRO-PARATHYROIDECTOMY
Authors: Olaf Bergeim, F. T. Stewart, P. B. Hawk
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

The metabolism of calcium was studied in a man after complete removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. A slight retention of calcium (0.4578 of a gram of calcium oxide in the ten-day period) was noted. The urinary calcium excretion was low, averaging 0.0134 of a gram per day on a daily ingestion averaging 1.6736 grams of calcium oxide. A slight increase was observed during the period of study in the calcium content of the blood. No symptoms of tetany were noted in the patient, who survived operation thirty-nine days. The low urinary and blood calcium values are taken to show deficient absorption of calcium, which may bear some relation to the decreased gastric secretion after parathyroidectomy. Attempts are made to explain the non-occurrence of tetany as due to the high calcium intake and to the development of a compensatory mechanism in which the pituitary body may play a part.
Heterogeneity of psoriasis and bimodal activation of local immune responses
Authors: C. Albanesi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Heterogeneity of psoriasis and bimodal activation of local immune responses Get access C. Albanesi C. Albanesi Laboratory of Experimental Immunology Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI)‐IRCCS Rome Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 170, Issue 1, 1 January 2014, Pages 7–8, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12750 Published: 01 January 2014
On the Health-Conditions of Lincolnshire; and on Some Current Medical Topics
Authors: A. M. Adam
Journal: BMJ (1878)

A 461 and was in very low spirits about it.I exmined the ierus again, nd endeavoured gently to dilate the os, which I accomplished to the ex- tent of being able to introduce nearly the first joint of my forefinger, which I kept there several minutes; and when I withdrew it, her own expression was that I must have done her good, as all feeling of nausea seemed suddenly to disappear.She was ordered t&; take ice and milkl March 3rd, II A.M.-When I called this morning, I had the great satisfaction of finding that she had not vomited since my manipulation of the previous night, had slept four hours, and then, after taking some ice and milk, three hours more."Oh, you did me so much good last night, and I cannot be too thankful to you for it", was her parting ex- pression.March 4th.-Shepassed another good night, but had a "curious feel- ing of fluttering in the body, accompanied with a sensation of faintness as if she were going to die", but this soon ceased after taking nourish- ment.There was no return of sickness.Did she quicken in the night?She thought so herself.March 5th.-Sheslept well during the night, and had no sickness.Her appetite was returning, and she had taken meat, jelly, and cham- pagne, without inconvenience, also an egg in coffee.She went on well without any more vomiting; paid a visit to her friends in one of the Midland counties; and, after her return home, was confined at full time.CASE II.-In March 1876, a surgeon near Cardiff, after having written to me about the extreme anxiety he felt with respect to his wife, then suffering from serious vomiting during pregnancy, wrote in answer to my reply, as follows."Dear sir,-I must thank you for so kindly giving me the directions for treatment of sickness during pregnancy, and I am thankful to say my wife is much better.I adopted your mode of treatment, and I think with great benefit; although it is but right that I should tell you that my wife had improved considerably, so far as her sickness went, about two days before I adopted your treatment; since then, she has improved daily.She is in her fourth month of pregnancy, and the sickness was most distressing, not even a teaspoonful of any nourish- ment being retained altogether and she became much emaciated."CASE III.-On October 5th, I876, Mr. D
Addition of S-1 to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Gefitinib Overcomes Gefitinib Resistance in Non–small cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines with<i>MET</i>Amplification
Authors: Takafumi Okabe, Isamu Okamoto, Sayaka Tsukioka, Junji Uchida, Erina Hatashita, Yuki Yamada, Takeshi Yoshida, Kazuto Nishio, Masahiro Fukuoka, Pasi A. Jänne, Kazuhiko Nakagawa
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Most non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors with activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are initially responsive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) such as gefitinib and erlotinib, but they almost invariably develop resistance to these drugs. A secondary mutation in EGFR (T790M) and amplification of the MET proto-oncogene have been identified as mechanisms of such acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. We have now investigated whether addition of the oral fluoropyrimidine derivative S-1 to gefitinib might overcome gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cell lines. Experimental Design: The effects of gefitinib on EGFR signaling and on the expression both of thymidylate synthase and of the transcription factor E2F-1 in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells were examined by immunoblot analysis. The effects of S-1 (or 5-fluorouracil) and gefitinib on the growth of NSCLC cells were examined in vitro as well as in nude mice. Results: Gefitinib induced down-regulation of thymidylate synthase and E2F-1 in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells with MET amplification but not in those harboring the T790M mutation of EGFR. The combination of 5-fluorouracil and gefitinib synergistically inhibited the proliferation of cells with MET amplification, but not that of those with the T790M mutation of EGFR, in vitro. Similarly, the combination of S-1 and gefitinib synergistically inhibited the growth only of NSCLC xenografts with MET amplification. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the addition of S-1 to EGFR-TKIs is a promising strategy to overcome EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC with MET amplification.
The MinMax Squeeze: Guaranteeing a Minimal Tree for Population Data
Authors: B. R. Holland
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

We report that for population data, where sequences are very similar to one another, it is often possible to use a two-pronged (MinMax Squeeze) approach to prove that a tree is the shortest possible under the parsimony criterion. Such population data can be in a range where parsimony is a maximum likelihood estimator. This is in sharp contrast to the case with species data, where sequences are much further apart and the problem of guaranteeing an optimal phylogenetic tree is known to be computationally prohibitive for realistic numbers of species, irrespective of whether likelihood or parsimony is the optimality criterion. The Squeeze uses both an upper bound (the length of the shortest tree known) and a lower bound derived from partitions of the columns (the length of the shortest tree possible). If the two bounds meet, the shortest known tree is thus proven to be a shortest possible tree. The implementation is first tested on simulated data sets and then applied to 53 complete human mitochondrial genomes. The shortest possible trees for those data have several significant improvements from the published tree. Namely, a pair of Australian lineages comes deeper in the tree (in agreement with archaeological data), and the non-African part of the tree shows greater agreement with the geographical distribution of lineages.