tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Morphologic Changes in the Peritoneal Membrane of Patients with Renal Disease
Authors: John D. Williams, Kathrine J. Craig, Nicholas Topley, Christopher Von Ruhland, Maureen Fallon, Geoffrey R. Newman, Ruth K. Mackenzie, Geraint T. Williams
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. This study examined the morphologic features of the parietal peritoneal membranes of 130 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and compared them with the features of the peritoneal membranes of normal individuals, uremic predialysis patients, and patients undergoing hemodialysis. The median thickness of the submesothelial compact collagenous zone was 50 μm for normal subjects, 140 μm for uremic patients, 150 μm for patients undergoing hemodialysis, and 270 μm for patients undergoing PD (P < 0.001 for all versus normal subjects). Compact zone thickness increased significantly with the duration of PD therapy [0 to 24 mo, 180 μm (n = 58); 25 to 48 mo, 240 μm (n = 24); 49 to 72 mo, 300 μm (n = 13); 73 to 96 mo, 750 μm (n = 16); >97 mo, 700 μm (n = 19)]. Vascular changes included progressive subendothelial hyalinization, with luminal narrowing or obliteration. These changes were absent in samples from normal subjects but were present in 28% of samples from uremic patients and 56% of biopsies from patients undergoing PD. In the PD group, the prevalence of vasculopathy increased significantly with therapy duration (P = 0.0001). The density of blood vessels per unit length of peritoneum was significantly higher for patients with membrane failure and was correlated with the degree of fibrosis (P = 0.01). For the first time, a comprehensive cross-sectional analysis of the morphologic changes in the peritoneal membranes of patients undergoing PD is provided. The infrequency of fibrosis in the absence of vasculopathy suggests that vasculopathy may predispose patients to the development of fibrosis. This study provides a sufficiently large cohort of samples to allow structure-function relationships to be established, as well as providing a repository of tissue for further studies.
Characterization of Biological Processes through Automated Image Analysis
Authors: Jens Rittscher
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2010)

The systems-level analysis of complex biological processes requires methods that enable the quantification of a broad range of phenotypical alterations, the precise localization of signaling events, and the ability to correlate such signaling events in the context of the spatial organization of the biological specimen. The goal of this review is to illustrate that, when combined with modern imaging platforms and labeling techniques, automated image analysis methods can provide such quantitative information. The article attempts to review necessary image analysis techniques as well as applications that utilize these techniques to provide the data that will enable systems-level biology. The text includes a review of image registration and image segmentation methods, as well as algorithms that enable the analysis of cellular architecture, cell morphology, and tissue organization. Various methods that enable the analysis of dynamic events are also presented.
How can we achieve better prevention of progression to tuberculosis among contacts?
Authors: Steffen Geis, Gudrun Bettge-Weller, Udo Goetsch, Oswald Bellinger, Gisela Ballmann, Anja M. Hauri
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

How can we achieve better prevention of progression to tuberculosis among contacts?To the Editor:Strategies for control and elimination of tuberculosis (TB) in low-incidence settings are directed toward treatment of recently acquired latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in TB contacts [1].To identify this target population for preventive treatment the development of more specific, in vitro assays for LTBI, the interferon (INF)-c release assays (IGRAs), has offered an alternative method for LTBI diagnosis.Although IGRAs are increasingly recommended in national guidelines, evidence that positive IGRA results are prognostic for developing TB is still limited [2, 3], especially outside of prospective studies with welldefined inclusion criteria.Therefore, we investigated progression towards active TB among IGRA positive contacts of active TB cases under routine field conditions and calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) for progression and the number needed to treat (NNT) with preventive treatment to prevent one incident TB case.Additionally, we introduced different cut-off values for IGRA positivity and compared the computed progression rates.Among all contacts with a positive tuberculosis-specific IGRA we describe the uptake of preventive treatment.
Immuno Nanoparticles Integrated Electrical Control of Targeted Cancer Cell Development Using Whole Cell Bioelectronic Device
Authors: Evangelia Hondroulis, Rui Zhang, Chengxiao Zhang, Chunying Chen, Kosuke Ino, Tomokazu Matsue, Chen-Zhong Li
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

Electrical properties of cells determine most of the cellular functions, particularly ones which occur in the cell's membrane. Manipulation of these electrical properties may provide a powerful electrotherapy option for the treatment of cancer as cancerous cells have been shown to be more electronegative than normal proliferating cells. Previously, we used an electrical impedance sensing system (EIS) to explore the responses of cancerous SKOV3 cells and normal HUVEC cells to low intensity (<2 V/cm) AC electric fields, determining that the optimal frequency for SKOV3 proliferation arrest was 200 kHz, without harming the non-cancerous HUVECs. In this study, to determine if these effects are cell type dependant, human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7) were subjected to a range of frequencies (50 kHz-2 MHz) similar to the previously tested SKOV3. For the MCF7, an optimal frequency of 100 kHz was determined using the EIS, indicating a higher sensitivity towards the applied field. Further experiments specifically targeting the two types of cancer cells using HER2 antibody functionalized gold nanoparticles (HER2-AuNPs) were performed to determine if enhanced electric field strength can be induced via the application of nanoparticles, consequently leading to the killing of the cancerous cells without affecting non cancerous HUVECs and MCF10a providing a platform for the development of a non-invasive cancer treatment without any harmful side effects. The EIS was used to monitor the real-time consequences on cellular viability and a noticeable decrease in the growth profile of the MCF7 was observed with the application of the HER2-AuNPs and the electric fields indicating specific inhibitory effects on dividing cells in culture. To further understand the effects of the externally applied field to the cells, an Annexin V/EthD-III assay was performed to determine the cell death mechanism indicating apoptosis. The zeta potential of the SKOV3 and the MCF7 before and after incorporation of the HER2-AuNPs was also obtained indicating a decrease in zeta potential with the incorporation of the nanoparticles. The outcome of this research will improve our fundamental understanding of the behavior of cancer cells and define optimal parameters of electrotherapy for clinical and drug delivery applications.
Prevalence and Predictors of Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Spanish Women With Diabetes
Authors: Rodrigo Jiménez-Garcia, Valentin Hernandez-Barrera, Pilar Carrasco-Garrido, Angel Gil
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To examine the use of mammography and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear among women with diabetes and to identify predictors of adherence to these tests. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data of a nationally representative sample of Spanish women. Diabetes status was self-reported. Screenings were assessed asking whether they had a mammography (≥40 years) and a Pap smear (18–69 years) within the previous 2 and 3 years, respectively. RESULTS Women with diabetes were less likely to receive mammography (57.9%) or have a Pap smear (61.5%) than women without diabetes (mammography 61.9%, P &amp;lt; 0.05; Pap smear 65.6%, P &amp;lt; 0.05). After adjusting for age, educational level, income, comorbidity, tobacco use, obesity, and physician visits, the corresponding odds ratios remained significant (0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.97) and (0.82, 95% CI 0.66–0.98). Higher educational level was a positive predictor for both tests among diabetic women. CONCLUSIONS Spanish women with diabetes underuse breast and cervical cancer screening tests.
Integrity of the permeability barrier is crucial for maintenance of the epidermal calcium gradient
Authors: G.K. MENON, P.M. ELIAS, K.R. FEINGOLD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Prior studies have demonstrated a Ca2+ gradient within the epidermis, with the highest concentration in the outer nucleated layers, disappearance of the Ca2+ gradient when the permeability barrier is acutely disrupted, and reappearance of the Ca2+ gradient in parallel with barrier repair, and disruption of the gradient in psoriasis. These observations suggest that integrity of the permeability barrier may maintain the epidermal Ca2+ gradient. To determine further whether a functional barrier is crucial for maintaining the Ca2+ gradient, we examined Ca2+ distribution by ion‐capture cytochemistry in essential‐fatty‐acid‐deficient (EFAD) and topical‐lovastatin‐treated mice, which display a chronic barrier abnormality. In both models, loss of the Ca2+ gradient occurred due to increased cytosolic Ca2+ in the lower epidermis, which normally displays a paucity of Ca2+. Moreover, artificial barrier restoration for 48 h with a water vapour‐impermeable wrap normalized the Ca2+distribution pattern. Acute barrier disruption also leads to the loss of the Ca2+ gradient, but in contrast with the chronic models, loss of the gradient was due to decreased Ca2+ in the upper epidermis. Occlusion with a vapour‐impermeable wrap blocked restoration of the Ca2+ gradient after acute barrier disruption. These results demonstrate that chronic barrier disruption increases Ca2+ in the epidermis, and blockade of water flux normalizes Ca2+ distribution, whereas acute barrier disruption leads to loss of Ca2+, and blockade of water flux prevents the return of Ca2+. We conclude: (i) that the epidermal Ca2+ reservoir is derived from the movement of fluids and Ca2+ across the basement membrane, and (ii) that the integrity of the permeability barrier maintains the epidermal Ca2+gradient.
Colonoscopy versus Fecal Immunochemical Testing in Colorectal-Cancer Screening
Authors: Enrique Quintero, Antoni Castells, Luis Bujanda, Joaquín Cubiella, Dolores Salas, Ángel Lanas, Montserrat Andreu, Fernando Carballo, Juan Diego Morillas, Cristina Hernández, Rodrigo Jover, Isabel Montalvo, Juan Arenas, Eva Laredo, Vicent Hernández, Felipe Iglesias, Estela Cid, Raquel Zubizarreta, Teresa Sala, Marta Ponce, Mercedes Andrés, Gloria Teruel, Antonio Peris, María-Pilar Roncales, Mónica Polo-Tomás, Xavier Bessa, Olga Ferrer-Armengou, Jaume Grau, Anna Serradesanferm, Akiko Ono, José Cruzado, Francisco Pérez-Riquelme, Inmaculada Alonso-Abreu, Mariola de la Vega-Prieto, Juana Maria Reyes-Melian, Guillermo Cacho, José Díaz-Tasende, Alberto Herreros-de-Tejada, Carmen Poves, Cecilio Santander, Andrés González-Navarro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Colonoscopy and fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) are accepted strategies for colorectal-cancer screening in the average-risk population.
Observations on Online Services for Diabetes Management
Authors: Chien-Tsai Liu, Yu-Ting Yeh, Ting-I Lee, Yu-Chuan Li
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Kwon et al. (1) demonstrated that an Internet-based blood glucose monitoring system, which provided frequent and responsive interactions between patients and their physicians online, can be as effective as face-to-face diabetes follow-ups. Routine medical services typically include face-to-face patient education, in which each patient receives his/her education materials (such as goals to achieve and the knowledge and skills for self-management). To extend patient education for a lasting effect, we have developed a patient-oriented education management (POEM) system (available at www.dmc.idv.tw) (2).

In the system, we reorganize each patient’s education materials, medication data, and laboratory test results at every visit and then present the information on the …
Climate Change and Health
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gene expression profiles at diagnosis in de novo childhood AML patients identify FLT3 mutations with good clinical outcomes
Authors: Norman J. Lacayo, Soheil Meshinchi, Paivi Kinnunen, Ron Yu, Yan Wang, Christianna M. Stuber, Lorrie Douglas, Romina Wahab, David L. Becton, Howard Weinstein, Myron N. Chang, Cheryl L. Willman, Jerald P. Radich, Robert Tibshirani, Yaddanapudi Ravindranath, Branimir I. Sikic, Gary V. Dahl
Journal: Blood (2004)
A New Inhalation Technique for Improved Effect of Aerosolized Drugs in Asthma “The Shrug of the Shoulder Method”
Authors: L. C. Laurskn
Journal: Allergy (1986)

A new, simple technique for inhalation of aerosolized drugs is described; During the breathholding period after inhalation from a pressurized aerosol the patient lifts his right and lowers his left shoulder and vice versa to “disperse” the drug as well as possible in the lungs. Twenty outpatients suffering from reversible bronchial obstruction inhaled two puffs from a pressurized terbutaline aerosol in the morning on two consecutive days using the new inhalation technique on one day and their ordinary technique on the other in this randomised, cross‐over trial. Compared with the conventional method the new inhalation technique significantly improved bronchodilation as measured by forced expiratory volume in 1st s and forced vital capacity during a period of 6 h. The new method of inhalation may improve treatment with aerosolized chugs.
The new front line treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma?
Authors: J P C Steele
Journal: Thorax (2003)

The presentation at the recent meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology of the results of the largest phase III trial in malignant pleural mesothelioma has aroused renewed interest in the treatment of this cancer. What are the implications for the ongoing UK mesothelioma trial?

Malignant pleural mesothelioma has become a mainstream cancer. This is partly due to the increasing incidence,1,2 but is also a result of the advances being made in its treatment. This summer the American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting plenary session included a clinical research paper on malignant pleural mesothelioma for the first time.3 In fact, this may well have been the first oral presentation on the disease at this important international meeting. The reason for the increased interest is that the study presented is the largest phase III randomised trial reported in malignant pleural mesothelioma. The trial, which recruited internationally and was led by researchers at the University of Chicago, showed a positive clinical benefit for an experimental arm based on a novel chemotherapy drug. But what do these data mean for respiratory physicians, oncologists and patients, and is this a definitive result? What effect, if any, does this trial result have on the ongoing UK mesothelioma trial?

The University of Chicago multicentre trial compared a combination of pemetrexed and cisplatin chemotherapy with a control arm of single …
Eating Disorders: A Guide to Medical Care and Complications
Authors: Lynn M. Manfred
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medical Writings: Book Notes3 April 2001Eating Disorders: A Guide to Medical Care and ComplicationsLynn M. Manfred, MDLynn M. Manfred, MDUniversity of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts. (Manfred)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-7-200104030-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Mehler PS, Anderson AD, eds. Baltimore; Johns Hopkins Univ Pr; 1999. $18.95. ISBN 0801862779. Order phone 800-537-5487.Field of medicine: Internal, family, consultative, and pediatric medicine.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Practitioners who care for patients with eating disorders.Purpose: To provide a reference in which clinicians can rapidly find information on the evaluation and treatment of patients with eating disorders.Content: The first two chapters address the diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders and the roles of various members of a treatment team. The remaining chapters cover the most common and most concerning issues that arise in the medical care ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts. (Manfred) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 April 2001Volume 134, Issue 7Page: 628KeywordsBoneEating disordersFoodNutritionObesityPatientsPsychologySoftware toolsVomiting ePublished: 3 April 2001 Issue Published: 3 April 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases
Authors: G. M. Rees, W. P. Cleland
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Isolated pulmonary metastases from many primary sources were treated by surgery in 37 patients. Twenty-one per cent of those with carcinomas and 16% of those with sarcomas survived for five years. Twenty-four patients are now dead, 21 from generalized tumour dissemination. Occasional long-term survivals were obtained which, when related to the low mortality and morbidity attending thoracotomy, make this form of therapy worthy of consideration in selected cases.
Cyclosporin A Inhibits Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricle Hypertrophy
Authors: Nathalie Koulmann, Valérie Novel-Chaté, André Peinnequin, Rachel Chapot, Bernard Serrurier, Nadine Simler, Hélène Richard, Renée Ventura-Clapier, Xavier Bigard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension involves hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activation as well as elevated resting calcium levels. Cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibits calcium-induced calcineurin activation and blocks the stabilization of HIF-1α in cultured cells.Objectives: We hypothesized that treatment of rats with CsA would prevent HIF-1–dependent gene transcription, lower specific responses to acute hypoxia, and prevent pulmonary hypertension and right ventricle hypertrophy resulting from prolonged exposure to hypoxia.Methods: Acute and chronic responses to hypoxia were studied in rats treated or not treated with CsA (25 mg · kg−1 · d−1).Measurements: Transcript levels of genes encoding the serotonin transporter or four HIF-1 target genes, in rats exposed for 6 h to ambient hypoxia, treated or not by CsA, were measured. In vivo hemodynamics, hematocrit, and heart morphologic characteristics were assessed in rats subjected to hypoxia for 3 wk, treated or not treated with CsA. Changes in mRNA levels of the modulatory calcineurin-interacting protein-1 (MCIP-1) were used as a sensitive indicator of calcineurin activity in lung and heart.Main results: Acute exposure to hypoxia led to a marked increase in mRNA levels of serotonin transporter, modulatory calcineurin-interacting protein-1, and HIF-1 target genes, which was blunted by CsA treatment. Prolonged exposure to hypoxia raised right ventricle pressure, induced right ventricle hypertrophy, and activated cardiac calcineurin, effects that were fully prevented by CsA treatment.Conclusions: These results suggest that CsA prevents hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and right ventricle hypertrophy, either by inhibiting HIF-1 transcriptional activity in lung, by decreasing calcineurin activity in lung and heart, by direct effects of CsA, or by a combination of these factors.
Transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats using supernates of incubated sensitized lymph node cells.
Authors: C C Whitacre, P Y Paterson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Supernates derived from incubated lymph node cells of Lewis rats sensitized to guinea pig spinal cord-Freund's adjuvant transfer experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) to syngeneic recipients. EAE supernatant transfer activity (EAE-STA) is not demonstrable in supernates derived from LNC of control donors not sensitized to nervous tissue. After addition of brain antigen to active supernates, EAE-STA is not longer demonstrable.
HLA-DR-, CD33+, CD56+, CD16- myeloid/natural killer cell acute leukemia: a previously unrecognized form of acute leukemia potentially misdiagnosed as French-American-British acute myeloid leukemia-M3 [see comments]
Authors: AA Scott, DR Head, KJ Kopecky, FR Appelbaum, KS Theil, MR Grever, IM Chen, MH Whittaker, BB Griffith, JD Licht
Journal: Blood (1994)