tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tuberculin Reaction in Typhoid Fever
Authors: Ruben E. Siasoco, Chiung-Lin Chen, Te-Wen Chang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 September 1974Tuberculin Reaction in Typhoid FeverRUBEN E. SIASOCO, M.D., CHIUNG-LIN CHEN, M.D., TE-WEN CHANG, M.D.RUBEN E. SIASOCO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CHIUNG-LIN CHEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, TE-WEN CHANG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-3-400_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: During the past 2 years, we have examined the prevalence of a positive tuberculin reaction in patients with typhoid fever. A total of 131 persons were studied. Of these, 60 had typhoid fever and 71 were selected according to their age, sex, and geographic location to match them with the patients. Most of the latter group were patients' family members. A positive reaction was defined as 10 mm or more of induration after intradermal injection of 5 tuberculin units of purified protein derivative. The results are summarized in Table 1.Since the prevalence of positive tuberculin reactions... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySalmonellosisBacterial Infection and Tuberculin ReactivityROBERT E. PIERONI, M.D. 1 September 1974Volume 81, Issue 3Page: 400-400KeywordsGeographic areasIntradermal injectionsTuberculinTyphoid Issue Published: 1 September 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abortion does not increase mental health problems in women, shows review
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Having an abortion makes no difference to a woman’s mental health, shows a major review of the evidence to date.

The finding, from a review carried out by the National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health at the Royal College of Psychiatrists, should put an end to research investigating the psychological effects of abortion, said Tim Kendall, director of the centre and a member of the review’s steering group. 

“A more fruitful line of inquiry is to look at the mental health needs of [women] with an unwanted pregnancy—not the resolution of that pregnancy,” he told a press briefing to launch the review.

The review claims to be the most comprehensive and systematic review to date of the evidence of mental health problems in women with unwanted …
Evidence that cagA+Helicobacter pylori strains are disappearing more rapidly than cagA- strains
Authors: G I Perez-Perez
Journal: Gut (2002)

Background and aims: The prevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> colonisation in populations in developed country has been declining, as shown by community based serological surveys of adults in Vammala, Finland in 1973 and 1994. In this study, we determined whether the proportion of subjects colonised by <i>cagA</i><sup>+</sup> or <i>cagA</i><sup>−</sup><i>H pylori</i> strains has changed as the overall prevalence of <i>H pylori</i><sup>+</sup> has declined. Methods: We examined 911 sera from Vammala9s study for antibodies to the CagA antigen of <i>H pylori</i> using a truncated CagA protein as the antigen in an ELISA and we examined the trend in acquisition and carriage of <i>cagA</i><sup>+</sup> strains. Results: As expected, the prevalence of carriage of both <i>cagA</i><sup>+</sup> and <i>cagA</i><sup>−</sup> strains fell between 1973 and 1994 (p&lt;0.001). However, the prevalence of <i>cagA</i><sup>+</sup> strains among those &lt;45 years declined (34% to 8%) significantly (p&lt;0.001) more than for <i>cagA</i><sup>−</sup> strains (12% to 6%). Of 221 subjects with paired serum samples, 12 (5.4%) changed <i>H pylori</i> status; the estimated seroconversion and reversion rates were 0.4% and 0.13% per year, respectively. Except for the few individuals who changed serostatus, absolute antibody levels to <i>H pylori</i> antigens, including CagA, changed little over the 21 year period. Conclusions: The decline in CagA seroprevalence predominantly reflects declining acquisition of <i>cag</i><sup>+</sup> strains in younger subjects. In addition, these data confirm that <i>H pylori</i> acquisition chiefly occurs during childhood but continues to occur during adulthood, albeit at low rates, in developed countries.
Ulcer-related antigens?
Authors: C Sirtori
Journal: BMJ (1971)

and a diuretic.Some of these results have already been reported.2In the group taking clonidine and a diuretic, our results are in substantial agreement with those of Dr. Amery and colleagues, the major side effects being dryness of mouth and drowsiness.However in patients taking clonidine, methyldopa, and a diuretic, we achieved good control (standing systolic S 150 mm Hg) in 44 out of 54 patients, while the incidence of side effects was reduced because lower doses were necessary when compared to the group taking clonidine with a diuretic.These resultsindicate that the triple drug regimen allows good control of blood pres- sure with a minimum of side effects and its use would appear to be of some benefit especially in the irritable, nervous, hypertensive patient requiring some sedation.-Weare, etc.,
Ten-Year Incidence of Chagas Cardiomyopathy Among Asymptomatic <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> –Seropositive Former Blood Donors
Authors: Ester C. Sabino, Antonio L. Ribeiro, Vera M.C. Salemi, Claudia Di Lorenzo Oliveira, Andre P. Antunes, Marcia M. Menezes, Barbara M. Ianni, Luciano Nastari, Fabio Fernandes, Giuseppina M. Patavino, Vandana Sachdev, Ligia Capuani, Cesar de Almeida-Neto, Danielle M. Carrick, David Wright, Katherine Kavounis, Thelma T. Goncalez, Anna Barbara Carneiro-Proietti, Brian Custer, Michael P. Busch, Edward L. Murphy
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Very few studies have measured disease penetrance and prognostic factors of Chagas cardiomyopathy among asymptomatic Trypanosoma cruzi-infected persons.We performed a retrospective cohort study among initially healthy blood donors with an index T cruzi-seropositive donation and age-, sex-, and period-matched seronegatives in 1996 to 2002 in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo and Montes Claros. In 2008 to 2010, all subjects underwent medical history, physical examination, ECGs, and echocardiograms. ECG and echocardiogram results were classified by blinded core laboratories, and records with abnormal results were reviewed by a blinded panel of 3 cardiologists who adjudicated the outcome of Chagas cardiomyopathy. Associations with Chagas cardiomyopathy were tested with multivariate logistic regression. Mean follow-up time between index donation and outcome assessment was 10.5 years for the seropositives and 11.1 years for the seronegatives. Among 499 T cruzi seropositives, 120 (24%) had definite Chagas cardiomyopathy, and among 488 T cruzi seronegatives, 24 (5%) had cardiomyopathy, for an incidence difference of 1.85 per 100 person-years attributable to T cruzi infection. Of the 120 seropositives classified as having Chagas cardiomyopathy, only 31 (26%) presented with ejection fraction <50%, and only 11 (9%) were classified as New York Heart Association class II or higher. Chagas cardiomyopathy was associated (P<0.01) with male sex, a history of abnormal ECG, and the presence of an S3 heart sound.There is a substantial annual incidence of Chagas cardiomyopathy among initially asymptomatic T cruzi-seropositive blood donors, although disease was mild at diagnosis.
THE UMBILICAL CORD.A METHOD OF DRESSING.
Authors: A. L. BELT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

When the first stage of labor is nearing completion it is my custom to procure a common glass tumbler, in which 1/2,000 or 1/3,000 solution of bichlorid of mercury with sterile water is prepared, and into this several pieces of sterile gauze and three strong braided silk ligatures are placed. A pair of shears and a compression forceps are then put in a sterilizer or basin on the stove to boil. The second stage of labor completed, I tie the cord at two points about six inches from the child's body, cut between and pass the child to the nurse to wash while I care for the mother. When ready to dress the cord, the hands being sterile, I wash the child's abdomen and the cord with a piece of gauze taken from the bichlorid solution previously prepared, carefully cleansing the base of the cord and the omphalic folds. This
Oral glucose loading suppresses coronary flow velocity reserve on transthoracic doppler echocardiography in healthy young adults
Authors: Kohei Fujimoto, Takeshi Hozumi, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Kotaro Tokai, Kenei Shimada, Takashi Muro, Minoru Yoshiyama, Kazuhide Takeuchi, Shunichi Homma, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Histamine Release and Intracellular Potentials During Anaphylaxis in the Isolated Heart
Authors: GEORGE A. FEIGEN, E. M. VAUGHAN WILLIAMS, JANICE K. PETERSON, C. B. NIELSEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

The response of the sensitized guinea pig heart to perfusion, with an effective dose of ovalbumin, was found to consist of an acceleration of the rate, an increase in the amplitude of contraction, and a decrease in coronary flow, confirming the earlier observations of Wilcox and Andrus. The characteristic mechanical reaction of the isolated atria was an increase in amplitude and frequency of contraction, the more intense effects resulting in fibrillation. Electrophysiologically, atrial activity was demonstrable by bursts of action potentials, recurring as soon as the membrane had repolarized sufficiently to be re-excited. The resting potential was reduced, and the overshoot and the rate of rise of the action potential were diminished. All of the mechanical and electrical events noted in the Langendorff heart and the atrial preparations during anaphylaxis could be reproduced precisely by an appropriate dose of histamine. Evidence for the release of histamine by both the perfused heart and the isolated atria was first obtained by pharmacologic methods and then confirmed by paper chromatography of butanolic extracts. * Histamine was quantitatively estimated by a bioassay method which is discussed in detail in this report.
Improvement in left ventricular wall motion following nitroglycerin.
Authors: J H McAnulty, M T Hattenhauer, J Rösch, F E Kloster, S H Rahimtoola
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Coronary artery disease patients frequently have left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. Though nitroglycerin is commonly used in ischemic heart disease, its effects on wall motion abnormalities is unknown. In this study we have evaluated the effects of nitroglycerin on wall motion abnormalities and on ejection fraction in 25 patients. Sixteen had coronary artery disease (greater than 70% luminal narrowing). Six had no evidence of heart disease and three had congestive cardiomyopathies with normal coronary arteries. Left ventricular angiography was performed prior to and six minutes after administration of 0.4 mg of sublingual nitroglycerin. Twelve of the 16 coronary artery disease patients had wall motion abnormalities, and in seven of these, segmental wall motion improved after nitroglycerin. In five, all motion did not change. The initial heart rate, left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressure, and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes were not different for those whose wall motion improved versus those whose did not. The increase in the former and fall in the latter three hemodynamic parameters were significant (P less than 0.01) and similar for the two groups. In those whose wall motion abnormalities improved after nitroglycerin, ejection fraction (mean plus or minus se) increased significantly (P less than 0.05), from 0.47 plus or minus 0.025 to 0.62 plus or minus 0.046. In those without improvement, the ejection fraction went from 0.55 plus or minus 0.056 to 0.58 plus or minus 0.051 (NS). Three patients with congestive cardiomyopathy showed no improvement in ventricular wall motion or ejection fraction after nitroglycerin. Left ventricular wall motion abnormalities and ejection fraction improved in some coronary artery disease patients following nitroglycerin. The mechanism for this is unknown; however, ventriculography before and after nitroglycerin may be of potential usefulness for identifying areas of reversible wall motion abnormalities.
Risk of cardiovascular events and celecoxib: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brent Caldwell, Sarah Aldington, Mark Weatherall, Philippa Shirtcliffe, Richard Beasley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

ObjectivesTo examine whether the increased risk of cardiovascular events with rofecoxib represents a class effect of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitors. DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomized double-blind clinical trials of celecoxib of at least 6 weeks' duration and presented data on serious cardiovascular thromboembolic events. Data sources included six bibliographic databases, the relevant files of the United States Food and Drug Administration, and pharmaceutical company websites. Main outcome measuresPooled fixed effects estimates of the odds ratios for risk of cardiovascular events with celecoxib compared with comparator treatment were calculated using the inverse variance weight method. The main outcome measure was myocardial infarction. ResultsFour placebo-controlled trials with 4422 patients were included in the primary meta-analysis comparing celecoxib with placebo. The odds ratio of myocardial infarction with celecoxib compared to placebo was 2.26 (95% confidence interval 1.0 to 5.1). For composite cardiovascular events [odd ratio 1.38 (95% CI 0.91 to 2.10)], cardiovascular deaths [OR 1.06 (95% CI 0.38 to 2.95)] and stroke [OR 1.0 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.84)] there was no significant increase in risk with celecoxib. The secondary meta-analysis which included a total of six studies (with placebo, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and paracetamol as comparators) of 12 780 patients, showed similar findings with a significant increased risk with celecoxib for myocardial infarction [OR 1.88 (95% CI 1.15 to 3.08)] but not other outcome measures. ConclusionThe available data indicate an increased risk of myocardial infarction with celecoxib therapy, consistent with a class effect for COX-2 specific inhibitors.
Questionnaires of Loyalty for Medical Residents Rotating through Federal Hospitals
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

A GROUP of medical residents at Stanford University Medical Center have won a noteworthy victory in avoiding answering certain questions about political affiliations that were required for appointments on rotating residencies of several months at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Palo Alto, California.1 The questions asked were the following:Are you now or within the past ten years have you been a member of the Communist Party U.S.A.., or any subdivision of the Communist Party U.S.A..?Have you ever organized or helped to organize or become a member of any organization or group of persons which, during the period of . . .
Opposition to swine flu vaccine seems to be growing worldwide
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

As governments gear up to launch national vaccination programmes against swine flu, questions are beginning to emerge about how many people will be prepared to take up the offer of the vaccine.

A survey published online this week in the BMJ found that just over half of 8500 healthcare workers in Hong Kong said they would not be vaccinated against swine flu because of fears of side effects and doubts about the vaccine’s effectiveness ( BMJ 2009;339:b3391, doi:10.1136/bmj.b3391).

Evidence from 11 focus groups conducted in Canada before the current pandemic also indicates that parents and healthcare workers may refuse to be vaccinated or to vaccinate their children if they believe that the risks outweigh the benefits ( Emerging Health Threats Journal 2009;2:e8, www.eht-forum.org/ehtj/journal/v2/pdf/ehtj09008a.pdf). And a survey by Israel’s ministry of health similarly found that at least 25% of the population is not willing to be vaccinated against swine flu.

Last week England’s chief medical officer, Liam Donaldson, shrugged off suggestions that NHS staff might turn down the vaccine …
Charles Darwin and Panic Disorder
Authors: Thomas J. Barloon
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Charles Darwin (1809-1882) suffered from a chronic illness that, throughout much of his adult life, impaired his functioning and severely limited his activities. The writings of this famous scientist as well as biographical materials indicate that he probably suffered from an anxiety disorder. His symptoms, when considered individually, suggest a variety of conditions, but taken together they point toward panic disorder with agoraphobia. This diagnosis brings coherence to Darwin's activities and explains his secluded lifestyle, including difficulty in speaking before groups and meeting with colleagues.
Pro-Inflammatory Interleukin-1 Genotypes Potentiate the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Events Mediated by Oxidized Phospholipids and Lipoprotein(a)
Authors: Sotirios Tsimikas, Gordon W. Duff, Peter B. Berger, John Rogus, Kenneth Huttner, Paul Clopton, Emmanuel Brilakis, Kenneth S. Kornman, Joseph L. Witztum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Patients' access to personal health information
Authors: L. A Kirwan
Journal: BMJ (1986)

~mu 81986 that is the electrocardiogriphicdreading.-ITfact that a patient has hypertension does not change that-reading.Howiver,-the ined cincin wih confldencein thehistoryandbloodpssures alues may then conclude that left ventricularhyper- trophyis more likely ;
STUDIES ON TYPHUS FEVER
Authors: Hans Zinsser, M. Ruiz Castaneda, C. V. Seastone
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

The above experiments demonstrate that guinea pigs and rats subjected to vitamin-deficient diets to a point at which deficiency symptoms appear, and then inoculated with typhus virus, exhibit clinical pictures which indicate a far more severe infection than that observed in normal animals after inoculation. There is also a wider distribution of Rickettsiae and a concentration of organisms which, in pleural and peritoneal exudates, amounts to almost cultural proportions. Important from our point of view is the fact that these experiments furnished a step toward the accomplishment of our purpose, which was to obtain amounts and concentrations of Rickettsiae suitable for immunological studies until such a time when tissue culture may have developed to a practically useful stage. The experiments are of immediate importance in that they furnish us a method for improving our technique of active immunization reported upon in the preceding paper, No. V (8). From the epidemiological point of view these experiments at least suggest an explanation of one of the important factors which enter into the historical association of high typhus mortality with war and famine.
The Treatment of Typhoid Fever.—A Reply to Dr. John Eliot Woodbridge.
Authors: J. M. Upshur
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Richmond, Va., July 19, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —TheJournalof July 17 contains a communication from Dr. John Eliot Woodbridge criticising my paper published in the current number of theJournal, June 3. I would pass this communication unnoticed, but the writer overlooks my disavowal in my paper of any intention to treat him with discourtesy, and descends to offensive personalities. I pass these by with the single criticism that Dr. Woodbridge has misunderstood me. I read the paper in the Section of Practice at the recent meeting of theAssociation. Dr. Woodbridge was a member of that Section, and I do not understand<i>why</i>he should have waited until now to criticise my position. If not present at the time my paper was read he was when the discussion came up. I was not present during the few remarks he made, and which are reported in the proceedings.
Richard George Macmillan Poston
Authors: G. Poston
Journal: BMJ (2004)

General practitioner Oldham 1953-2003 (b Oldham 1926; q St Andrews 1953), died from urothelial cancer on 28 November 2003. ​




Figure 1




Following house jobs at Dundee Royal Infirmary George entered general practice and remained in the same Glodwick practice until retirement. He was involved in the creation of the first purpose built health centre in Oldham, and throughout his career he never lived more than a few hundred yards from the surgery. For many years he was secretary of the Oldham Medical Society. He leaves a wife, Christine; four children; and four grandchildren.
Points: A chamber pot and Bible
Authors: R M Towey
Journal: BMJ (1985)

during insulin stress tests carried out for the investigation of pituitary adenomas should be an indication for terminating the hypoglycaemia by administering glucose.In any case, once symptoms of hypoglycaemia occur glucose should be administered to the patient as the purpose of giving insulin (to achieve stress) would have been accomplished.Prompt restoration of the plasma glucose concentration to normal may diminish the risks mentioned above, thus preventing an acute vascular catastrophe.
Insulin Requirements in Insulin-Dependent and Insulin-Requiring GDM Women During Final Month of Pregnancy
Authors: Ruth M McManus, Edmond A Ryan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To determine the significance of falling insulin requirements after the 36th wk of gestation in insulin-requiring pregnant women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin requirements of women with IDDM and IRGDM were assessed from the 36th wk of pregnancy, with evaluation of maternal characteristics and fetal outcomes. RESULTS In 32 pregnancies of women with IDDM, there was a 5 ± 2% decrease in insulin requirements, and in 19 pregnancies of women with IRGDM, there was a 28 ± 10% increase. Of the 62% of women whose insulin requirements declined, the decrement was 12 ± 2% and was associated with longer duration of diabetes (12 ± 2 vs. 6 ± 1 yr, P &amp;lt; 0.05) but not with age, prepregnancy BMI, weight gain, or maternal or fetal complications. Only 3 pregnancies in IRGDM women were associated with a decrease in insulin requirements. Although maternal parameters were no different from those with IDDM, infants born to women with IRGDM were smaller (3531 ± 123 vs. 3874 ± 94 g, P &amp;lt; 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Insulin requirements from the 36th wk of gestation commonly decreased in women with IDDM, associated with longer duration of diabetes but did not carry any adverse prognostic indication for the infants. Women with IRGDM experienced a continual increase in insulin requirements over the final weeks of pregnancy.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen Inhibits Anoikis in Colorectal Carcinoma Cells by Interfering with Trail-R2 (DR5) Signaling
Authors: Raed N. Samara, Luciana M. Laguinge, J. Milburn Jessup
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor marker that is associated with metastasis, poor response to chemotherapy of colorectal cancer (CRC), and anoikis, a form of apoptosis caused by cell detachment from matrix that is dependent on TRAIL-R2 (DR5) and caspase-8 activation in CRC. Although CEA is a homophilic binding protein that may provide survival signals through homotypical cell aggregation, we now report that CEA binds TRAIL-R2 (DR5) directly in two-hybrid assays to decrease anoikis through the extrinsic pathway. Deletion of the PELPK sequence (delPELPK) of CEA (delPELPK CEA) restores sensitivity to anoikis while it maintains its cell aggregation function. Wild-type (WT) CEA also increases experimental hepatic metastasis, whereas the delPELPK CEA does not. Thus, membrane CEA interacts with DR5 to inhibit anoikis and increase metastatic potential in CRC. [Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4774–82]
A continuous tri-phase transition effect for HIFU-mediated intravenous drug delivery
Authors: Kun Zhang, Hangrong Chen, Faqi Li, Qi Wang, Shuguang Zheng, Huixiong Xu, Ming Ma, Xiaoqing Jia, Yu Chen, Juan Mou, Xia Wang, Jianlin Shi
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)