tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunological T-cell memory in the in vitro-induced experimental autoimmune orchitis: specificity of the reaction and tissue distribution of the autoantigens.
Authors: H Wekerle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Immunological memory has been induced in vitro against testicular autoantigens by priming normal rat T lymphocytes against autologous testis cells, and by permitting the isolated blast cells to revert back to small secondary lymphocytes (secondary EAO cells) in the absence of the priming antigen. The secondary EAO cells vigorously respond in a secondary response when reconfronted with syngeneic testis or lymphoid cells. Their responsiveness to nonself stimulator cells is, however, reduced. Secondary cells derived from concanavalin A-stimulated blasts, do not show that pattern of specificity. The specificity of the secondary EAO cells is definite, and cannot be affected by further culture on allogeneic fibroblasts, which are antigenic for unprimed T lymphocytes. At least part of the autoantigens are determined by the major histocompatibility gene complex (MHC). Factors provided by the culture system do not appear to determine the specificity of this reaction. Only minor cell populations can restimulate secondary EAO cells. One of these populations is presumably phage-like cells within the lymphoid populations can elicit a secondary EAO response. Thus, the autoantigens relevant in the secondary EAO response are either MHC antigens restricted to these testicular and lymphoid subpopulations, or MHC antigens recognized in conjunction with organ-specific non-MHC determinants.
The lung in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: B A Scobie
Journal: BMJ (1971)

specific infection, seems a convincing argu- ment for routine testing by general practi- tioners of the sexually-active women patients on their lists.Even if a large majority of women examined should prove to be free from any form of genital infection, routine screening programmes-wherever carried out -offer the only means of eventually controlling sexually-transmitted disease.-Weare, etc.,
Assuring Quality Out-patient Care for Children: Guidelines and a Management System
Authors: Jeffrey C. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This book describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a quality assurance system for pediatric ambulatory care. The system (Pediatric Protocol Project) is now used in emergency departments and walk-in clinics in several large New York City hospitals that are staffed by physicians with various levels of training and experience. The system described consists of four components: (1) standards for optimal care, (2) structured encounter forms, (3) a computerized management information system, and (4) parent education materials designed to improve compliance and decrease unnecessary utilization of emergency services. The writing is clear and concise, and the book is well organized and liberally referenced. There is an interesting chapter about the history of quality assurance efforts, from Hippocrates and Florence Nightingale up to modern computer systems. The authors outline many of the methodologies that have been utilized in quality assurance programs and discuss some problems associated with each of them. The
Identification of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA sequences in human hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: David A. Shafritz, Michael C. Kew
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

DNA extracts from hepatocellular carcinomas of 13 patients from South Africa were examined for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA sequences by molecular hybridization using [ 32 P]-labeled recombinant, cloned, and purified HBV-DNA. Eight patients were HBV carriers as demonstrated by the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HB s Ag) in their serum, and each of these patients had HBV-DNA sequences in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue. Five patients who were not HB s Ag carriers, did not have HBV-DNA in their tumors. In DNA extracts from all tumors of patients who were HB s Ag-positive, the HBV-DNA was integrated into the host genome. The integration pattern was unique for each tumor, but HBV-DNA bands of a given length were present in more than one specimen and in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (PLC/PRF/5). These results suggest that integration of HBV-DNA into the human genome occurs in conjunction with malignant transformation.
Comprehensive review needed to inform guidance on air quality standards
Authors: A. D. Wonham, M. Kliner, A. Keenan, O. Adeyemi, J. Atkinson, E. Dardamissis, A. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (2014)

It seems counterintuitive that in Cesaroni and colleagues’ study larger particles of smoke, dust, and dirt (PM10) were significantly associated with coronary events but smaller toxic organic compounds and heavy metals (PM2.5) were not.1 However, this was a multicentre cohort study including a meta-analysis of its 11 cohorts and must be considered as part of the wider evidence base.

A systematic review in 2009 identified 26 studies …
Beyond isolated word recognition
Authors: Simon P. Liversedge, Hazel I. Blythe, Denis Drieghe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract In this commentary we concur with Frost's view of the centrality of universal principles in models of word identification. However, we argue that other processes in sentence comprehension also fundamentally constrain the nature of written word identification. Furthermore, these processes appear to be universal. We, therefore, argue that universality in word identification should not be considered in isolation, but instead in the context of other linguistic processes that occur during normal reading.
Comparative effects of training, concentric training, eccentric training and their combination on strength of selected body segments
Authors: Inder Singh Pal
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of three different types of isotonic training programme, viz. eccentric, concentric and combination of both on strength of selected body segments, and the study was confined to strength variables of leg and arms only. Only female students of age ranging between 14 and 16 years, studying in classes 7, 8 and 9 were randomly selected from Dorins, New Delhi as subjects for the study and they were assigned to three experimental groups (A, B and C) and a control group ‘D’, on the basis of initial test performance of standing broad jump for the leg strength and pull ups and modified push ups for the arm strength. The subjects selected were day scholars and were not undergoing any physical training; the health records of the institution revealed that all the subjects were healthy and fit to undergo the training programme. The random group design was chosen for the study. The explosive strength of leg, which was measured by administering test of standing broad jump, was horizontal. The leg strength score was the distance covered by the subject to the nearest centimetres, while arm strength is calculated by the formula, that is (pull ups + modified push ups) (w/10 + H-60), for which pull ups and modified push ups test were conducted, which is the maximum number of pull ups and modified push ups completed by the subjects, for computing the formula height and weight were also found in feet and pound, respectively. The training was carried out for a period of 10 weeks excluding the time required for conducting pretest and post-test. The subjects were trained thrice in a week that is, on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. On the basis of finding from three experimental groups and one control group, pretest and post-test were examined by applying of co-variance (F-ratio) with regard to the three experimental groups and also for difference between pretest and post-test means, the t test was applied. All the three experimental treatments, concentric, eccentric and combination of both the training were significantly effective in improving the leg and arm strength. No significant difference was observed among the experimental group (eccentric, concentric and combination) of both types of training when compared with one another. No significant improvement was noticed in the control group which may be a reflection of inactivity, which showed that all the types of training were equally effective.
Abstract 5036: Activating MEK1(F129L) mutation as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to MEK inhibition in human cancers carrying the B-RafV600E mutation
Authors: Huifeng Niu, Huisheng Wang, Sherif Daouti, Wen-Hui Li, Yang Wen, Christine Rizzo, Brian Higgins, Kathryn Packman, Neal Rosen, John F. Boylan, David Heimbrook
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Targeting the Ras/Raf/MEK pathway represents a promising anticancer strategy. The clinical development of MEK inhibitors, similar to other highly selective targeted agents, is expected to have limited durable clinical response due to the emergence of drug acquired resistance. To identify potential mechanisms underlying such resistance, we established MEK inhibitor-resistant clones (HT-29R) from a human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 harboring the B-Raf V600E mutation. HT-29R are resistant to MEK inhibition under both in vitro and in vivo growth conditions. Drug-induced feedback activation of MEK/ERK and downstream targets were found primarily accountable for the resistance. Moreover, we identified the MEK1(F129L) mutation as a molecular mechanism responsible for pathway activation. In an isogenic cell system and extending into other cancer cell lines, the MEK1(F129L) mutant exhibits higher intrinsic kinase activity than wild type (WT) MEK1, leading to a significant activation of ERK and downstream targets confering resistance to MEK inhibition. The MEK1(F129L) mutation showed stronger binding to c-Raf which suggests an underlying mechanism of the higher kinase activity of the MEK1(F129L). Importantly, the combination of Raf and MEK inhibitors overcame resistance and exhibited greater synergy in HT-29R as compared to HT-29S. This study suggests MEK1 mutation could be a potential mechanism of drug acquired resistance emerging in MEK inhibitor-treated cancer patients and should be monitored in the clinic. Combined inhibition of Raf and MEK represents a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome the resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5036. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5036
Association between hypertension and variation in the α- and β-adducin genes in a white population
Authors: Ji-Guang Wang, Jan A. Staessen, Cristina Barlassina, Robert Fagard, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Harry A. Struijker-Boudier, Laura Zagato, Lorena Citterio, Elisabetta Messaggio, Giuseppe Bianchi
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Troublesome belching with fetor odour: Emad El-Omar, Editor
Authors: F. Rashid, R. Singh, A. Cole, S. Y. Iftikhar
Journal: Gut (2010)

A 37-year-old lady presented with a 5-month history of upper abdominal pain, belching with odour which was occasionally feculent. She also noticed intermittent postprandial epigastric fullness associated with excessive burping. The …
ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION OF MICE WITH THE POLYSACCHARIDES OF PNEUMOCOCCI TYPES I, II AND III
Authors: José Zozaya, Janet Clark
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

1. Pneumococcus polysaccharides Types I, II and III adsorbed on collodion particles, and Types I and III adsorbed on carbon (norit) are antigenic in mice. 2. Unadsorbed pneumococcus polysaccharide of Type I is antigenic in mice in proper dilution. One preparation of Type II polysaccharide was not antigenic, while another one immunized against Types I and II. Type III polysaccharide was only slightly antigenic against Type III but immunized against Type I. 3. The antigenicity of pneumococcus polysaccharide in optimal dosage is tentatively explained by an adsorption phenomenon taking place in the body in instances in which the polysaccharides had not been adsorbed before injection. 4. The aggressin-like action of large doses of pneumococcus polysaccharides Types I, II and III is further established.
Raised levels of interleukin 6 in systemic lupus erythematosus correlate with anaemia
Authors: B J M Ripley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Raised levels of the cytokines interleukin (IL) 6 and IL10 have been reported in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).To determine if levels of IL6 and IL10 correlate with organ/system-specific disease activity in SLE, using the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Disease Activity Index.Levels of IL6 and IL10 in serum samples from 171 patients with SLE and 50 normal controls were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of cytokines in individual patients with SLE were compared with the presence or absence of active disease in eight organ/systems using the BILAG index.Levels of IL6 were significantly higher (p = 0.005) in patients with active compared with inactive haematological disease, as scored by the BILAG index. Further analysis showed that this association was dependent on an inverse correlation (p = 0.002, r = -0.26) between IL6 levels and haemoglobin levels in patients with SLE. In contrast, IL10 levels did not correlate with individual organ/system disease activity.Raised levels of IL6 in SLE may influence the development of anaemia in this disease. These findings are in agreement with an increasing number of studies, which support physiological links between IL6 and anaemia. Importantly, with the exception of the haematological system, our studies do not provide evidence of any individual organ/system which would respond to therapeutic manipulation of either IL6 or IL10 levels.
TCT-492 Renal sympathetic denervation: Does reduction of left ventricular mass translate into improved intramyocardial perfusion?
Authors: Martin Schmidt, Florian Roessner, Uli Ebersberger, Manuel Berger, Diethmar Antoni, Uwe Dorwarth, Johannes Rieber, Ellen Hoffmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Use of Hepatitis B Immune Globulin: Reassessment Needed
Authors: Alfred M. Prince
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is now a licensed and available product. It is currently recommended for use in prevention of hepatitis B infection after acute exposure to blood infected with hepatitis B, as with accidental "needle sticks."Recently, the Public Health Service Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices reviewed the use of HBIG and standard immune serum globulin (ISG) in prevention of hepatitis.1 Although supporting the recommendations approved by the Bureau of Biologics of the Food and Drug Administration, this committee implied that they might be broadened somewhat, and also stressed the potential advantage of using ISG in various settings . . .
Cycloprodigiosin hydrochloride, a new H+/Cl? symporter, induces apoptosis in human and rat hepatocellular cancer cell linesin vitro and inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in nude mice
Authors: Chizuko Yamamoto, Hiroto Takemoto, Kenji Kuno, Daigo Yamamoto, Airo Tsubura, Keiko Kamata, Hajime Hirata, Akitsugu Yamamoto, Haruhiko Kano, Toshihito Seki, Kyoichi Inoue
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The effects of cycloprodigiosin hydrochloride (cPrG-HCl), a new H + /Cl − symporter, were examined in liver cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo . In the in vitro MTT assay, cPrG-HCl inhibited the growth of 6 liver cancer cell lines (Huh-7, HCC-M, HCC-T, dRLh-84, and H-35, hepatocellular carcinoma; HepG2, hepatoblastoma) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) at 72 hours' treatment for liver cancer cell lines were 276 to 592 nmol/L, while that for isolated normal rat hepatocyte was 8.4 μmol/L. The cPrG-HCl treatment of Huh-7 cells induced apoptosis as confirmed by the appearance of a subG 1 population, intranucleosomal DNA fragmentation, and chromatin condensation. cPrG-HCl raised the pH of acidic organelles and lowered pHi (below pH 6.8). In addition, the apoptosis in Huh-7 cells induced by cPrG-HCl was strongly suppressed when the cells were cultured with imidazole, a cell-permeable base. In the in vivo assay, nude mice bearing subcutaneous xenografted Huh-7 cells received 2 weeks of treatment with cPrG-HCl (1 or 10 mg/kg/d) subcutaneously. This treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the control after 8 days. The control mice were treated with 1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in saline (vehicle). A histopathological examination using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method showed apoptosis in the treated tumor cells. No pathological changes were observed in any organs, and the serum alanine transaminase levels remained within normal limits. These results suggest that cPrG-HCl may be useful for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Retraining macrophages to kill tumors
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Some tumors avoid getting killed by turning macrophages into immune-suppressive cells. Hagemann et al. (page 1261) now find that these impotent cells can be reverted into weapons of tumor destruction by simply suppressing a kinase.






Figure 1

Ovarian tumors (blue) are destroyed in mice injected with macrophages in which IKKβ signals are inhibited (bottom).




Macrophages can destroy tumor cells by producing inflammatory molecules. But macrophages within tumors often secrete harmless antiinflammatory cytokines and proteins that promote tumor growth. Tumor cells induce this transformation, but the signals that drive the conversion were unknown.

Hagemann et al. now find that tumor macrophages in mice are disarmed by signals that activate NF-κB—a transcription factor that normally drives inflammation. As in inflammation, tumor macrophage NF-κB was turned on by IκB kinase (IKK) β. In tumors, however, IKKβ also suppressed STAT1—a transcription factor that turns on tumor-fighting genes. The basis for this difference is unclear. Perhaps the tumor contains unique cues that instruct the IKK pathway to shut off STAT1.

STAT1 suppression in macrophages depended solely on the cytokine receptor IL-1R and its downstream adaptor, MyD88, suggesting that tumors might protect themselves by secreting the IL-1R ligand, IL-1β. Macrophages from tumors or from healthy animals became in vivo tumor killers when engineered to express dominant-negative IKKβ. These reprogrammed macrophages produced high levels of IL-12, which recruited tumor-fighting NK cells. The group is now investigating whether infusing similarly reprogramed macrophages into cancer patients will help reverse tumor growth.
Abstract 4625: Curcumin suppresses the expression of HER-2 gene and interferes with redox regulated pathways in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells
Authors: T.J. Thomas, Sripriya Venkiteswaran, Thresia Thomas, PingAr Yang, Hui-Chen Hsu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a polyphenolic phytochemical, is the major pigment in turmeric, a popular spice in Oriental cuisine. Curcumin is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic properties. We studied the effect of curcumin on cell growth, gene regulation, cell cycle and cell signaling parameters in a HER-2 over-expressing human breast cancer cell line, SK-BR-3. Curcumin inhibited the growth of SK-BR-3 cells with an IC50 value of 5 ± 1 µM, as determined by trypan blue exclusion assay at 48 and 72 h. In contrast, measurement of apoptosis, using the APO-BRDU assay, showed &amp;lt; 5% apoptosis after exposing SK-BR-3 cells to 5 µM curcumin for 24, 48, or 72 hours. Apoptosis increased to ∼ 80% at 25 µM concentration. To understand the basis of these phenomena, we examined the effects of curcumin on several molecular parameters. At 25 µM concentration, curcumin suppressed the expression of HER-2 gene by a significant 70% (P&amp;lt;0.005) at 16 and 24 hours after treatment, as measured by real time qPCR assay. Curcumin further caused a 2- to 4-fold increase in p21 and p27 mRNA levels. Twenty five µM concentration of curcumin also suppressed the expression of cyclin B1, cyclin D1 and cyclin E mRNA levels. In addition, curcumin arrested cells in the G2/M phase of cell cycle, and decreased cyclin A, cyclin B1 and cyclin E protein levels. At 10 to 50 µM concentrations, curcumin also caused a decrease in phospho-HER-2 and total-HER-2 protein levels. Pre-treatment with the anti-oxidant glutathione partially reversed apoptosis induced by curcumin and restored HER-2 and cyclin D1 protein levels. These results indicate that the apoptotic effects of curcumin on HER-2 over-expressing breast cancer cells result from interference with redox-mediated cell growth regulatory pathways. Increased levels of glutathione attenuated the effects of curcumin, an important consideration for translational research and clinical trials on curcumin. Since some of its growth inhibitory effects can be restored by exogenous glutathione, cellular redox status is an important factor in curcumin sensitivity of breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4625. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4625
Letter: Deaths during dentistry.
Authors: P J Tomlin
Journal: BMJ (1974)

effects should "have the fullest possible con- fidence" in her method.It may be that the confused image some women have of oral contraceptives is a re- flection of the difficulties many doctors clearly have in deciding when the above symptoms are a sign of serious biochemical alterations.If this is the case, it may be even more difficult for health personnel who are not qualified medical practitioners to dispense these pharmacologically active compounds with the high standard of care that is expected in Britain.-Iam, etc.,
PDGF, TGF-β, and FGF signaling is important for differentiation and growth of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): transcriptional profiling can identify markers and signaling pathways important in differentiation of MSCs into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages
Authors: Felicia Ng, Shayne Boucher, Susie Koh, Konduru S. R. Sastry, Lucas Chase, Uma Lakshmipathy, Cleo Choong, Zheng Yang, Mohan C. Vemuri, Mahendra S. Rao, Vivek Tanavde
Journal: Blood (2008)
Liver/kidney microsome antibody type 1 and hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Francloise Lunel, Nisen Abuaf, Lionel Frangeul, Patrick Grippon, Michèle Perrin, Yann Le Coz, Dominique Valla, Eric Borotto, Anne-Marie Yamamoto, Jean-Marie Huraux, Pierre Opolon, Jean-Claude Homberg
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Recent studies have shown that hepatitis C virus antibodies are present in a large proportion of patients with autoimmune hepatitis type 2. We have studied 83 patients with liver/kidney microsome antibody-positive type 1 hepatitis. Hepatitis C virus antibodies were sought in every case by second-generation tests (hepatitis C virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and recombinant immunoblot assay). Hepatitis C virus RNA sequences were sought in 22 patients (12 with recombinant immunoblot assay-positive results and 10 with recombinant immunoblot assay-negative results) by means of polymerase chain reaction and by use of primers located in the 5' noncoding region. Sixty-four patients (77%) had positive results for hepatitis C virus antibodies in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, and 41 (49.3%) were confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay. Hepatitis C virus RNA sequences were found in all the recombinant immunoblot assay-positive patients but in none of the 10 who were recombinant immunoblot assay-negative. The recombinant immunoblot assay-negative patients were younger than those who were positive (13 +/- 11 vs. 50 +/- 11 years) and had higher gamma-globulin levels and liver/kidney microsome antibody-positive type 1 titers (61% had a titer of 1:1,000 or more, vs. only 17% of the recombinant immunoblot assay-positive patients).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)