tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori related hypergastrinaemia is the result of a selective increase in gastrin 17.
Authors: G Mulholland, J E Ardill, D Fillmore, R S Chittajallu, G M Fullarton, K E McColl
Journal: Gut (1993)

Helicobacter pylori infection increases the serum concentration of gastrin, and this may be one of the mechanisms by which it predisposes to duodenal ulceration. Different forms of circulating gastrin were studied both basally and postprandially in 13 duodenal ulcer patients before and one month after eradication of H pylori. Three antisera that are specific for particular regions of the gastrin molecules were used. Gel chromatography indicated that &gt; 90% of the circulating gastrin consisted of gastrin (G) 17 and G34 both before and after eradicating the infection. The basal median total immunoreactive gastrin concentration fell from 26 pmol/l (range 11-43) to 19 pmol/l (8-39) (p &lt; 0.05), entirely because of a fall in G17 from 6 pmol/l (&lt; 2.4-25) to &lt; 2.4 pmol/l (&lt; 2.4-23) (p &lt; 0.001). The median (range) basal G34 values were similar before (15 pmol (2-36)) and after (10 pmol (2-30)) eradication. The median total immunoreactive gastrin concentration determined 20 minutes postprandially fell from 59 pmol/l (38-114) to 33 pmol/l (19-88) (p &lt; 0.005), and again this was entirely the result of a fall in G17 from 43 pmol/l (9-95) to 17 pmol/l (&lt; 2.4-52) (p &lt; 0.001). The median postprandial G34 values were similar before (13 pmol/l, range 6-42) and after (15 pmol/l, range 6-30) eradication. Eating stimulated a noticeable rise in G17 but little change in G34, both in the presence and absence of H pylori. The finding that H pylori infection selectively increases G17 explains why the infection causes mainly postprandial hypergastrinaemia. G17 is increased selectively because H pylori predominantly affects the antral mucosa which is the main source of G17 whereas G34 is mainly duodenal in origin. This study also indicates that the increased concentration of gastrin in H pylori infection is the result of an increase in one of the main biologically active forms of the hormone.
Confirmation of association of the REL locus with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in the UK population
Authors: S. Eyre, A. Hinks, E. Flynn, P. Martin, A. G. Wilson, J. R. Maxwell, A. W. Morgan, P. Emery, S. Steer, L. J. Hocking, D. M. Reid, P. Harrison, P. Wordsworth, W. Thomson, J. Worthington, A. Barton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have contributed to the identification of at least 14 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility loci.1 One of the first RA GWAS included 1522 cases and 1850 controls from the USA/Sweden and identified TRAF1/C5 as a novel RA locus.2 This GWAS was recently repeated after including an additional 1550 cases and 3310 controls from the USA and restricting analysis to US subjects.3 In the expanded sample, two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) mapping to the REL locus showed association with RA. REL encodes c-Rel, a member of the nuclear factor kappa B family of transcription factors and one of the associated SNP (rs13031237) maps to an intron of this gene. The association was validated in an independent sample of 2604 RA cases and 2882 controls from the USA/Canada, with strong evidence for association in the combined samples (rs13031237, p=3.1×10−14). We aimed to test the …
STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
Authors: Henry C. Maguire, Merrill W. Chase
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

A method of establishing regular and intense sensitivity to picric acid is described, based upon an initial sensitization by a "split-adjuvant" technique in which the intradermal injection of mycobacteria in paraffin oil precedes or follows the administration of allergen to the same sites. When subsequent contact applications of picric acid are later made, the degree of sensitivity rises in steps such that reactivity occurs in tests made with low concentrations of picric acid, in the range of 0.06-0.006% but varying somewhat from one experiment to another. This heightening of picric acid reactivity represents an anamnestic response in the area of delayed hypersensitivity. The characteristics of contact reactions to the weak allergen, picric acid, differ from those encountered with covalently binding haptens, PCI and DNCB. A slow evolution from an initial micropapular reaction to full reaction requires about 3 days, leading often to a micaceous scale, with histological evidence of vesiculation even while the reaction is still feeble, and to an infiltrate containing a significant number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Substitution of an emulsion of picric acid in complete Freund's adjuvant as a priming experience proved to be much less efficient. The split-adjuvant technique offers a general plan for sensitizing with weak allergens. Indeed, technically, sensitization can be acquired even when, for priming, the allergen is applied topically over intradermal depots of mycobacteria in paraffin oil. Compatibility between sensitizer and adjuvant is not required.
STUDIES ON EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Harry Goldblatt, Yale J. Katz, Harvey A. Lewis, Evelyn Richardson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

A simple, rapid method for the bioassay of renin has been presented. Reliable and consistent results are obtained by this method whereby an arbitrary dog unit of renin has been established. The response of normal unanesthetized dogs to renin is independent of the body weight of dogs weighing between 10 and 25 kilos. An estimate of potency of renin per kilo of body weight of the test animals is therefore not only unnecessary but misleading. A dog unit of renin has been defined as that amount which raises the blood pressure at least 30 and not more than 35 mm. Hg within 3 minutes in at least three unanesthetized dogs. The potency is expressed as dog units of renin per cubic centimeter. The determination of the amount of renal substance represented by a cubic centimeter of extract and the number of dog units per cubic centimeter give an estimate of the yield of renin which can be expressed as dog units of renin per gram of original renal tissue. By determination of the number of dog units per cubic centimeter and the amount of nitrogen in milligrams per cubic centimeter in any renal extract the purity of the renin can be determined and expressed as dog units of renin per milligram N. The establishment of a standard method for the bioassay of renin is considered highly desirable and the method outlined in this paper is suggested for this purpose.
The Molecular Basis of Adaptive Evolution of Squirrelfish Rhodopsins
Authors: S. Yokoyama
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

The wavelengths of maximal absorption (lambdamax) of the rhodopsins of nine squirrelfishes (N. sammara, N. argenteus, S. punctatissimum, S. microstoma, S. diadema, S. xantherythrum, S. spiniferum, N. aurolineatus, and S. tiere) and two soldierfishes (M. violacea and M. berndti) vary between 481 and 502 nm. Phylogenetic and mutagenesis analyses suggest that the common ancestor of these pigments had a lambdamax value of approximately 493 nm, and the contemporary lambdamax values were generated mostly by amino acid replacements E122M, F261Y, and A292S. The probability of observing all these amino acid replacements at specific branches of the phylogenetic tree is only 2.5 x 10(-9); it is highly unlikely that these changes have occurred by neutral evolution. Because of a close association between the lambdamax values of these pigments and the wavelengths of light available to the corresponding species, the excess number of amino acid changes at specific branches in the phylogenetic tree strongly suggests that the rhodopsins have undergone adaptive changes at various stages of the holocentrid evolution.
Combined temporal arteriography and selective biopsy in suspected giant cell arteritis.
Authors: J R Sewell, D J Allison, D Tarin, G R Hughes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Superficial temporal arteriography was studied by selective biopsy of abnormal arterial segments and random biopsy of the main stem in 33 patients with clinically supected giant cell arteritis. Of the total of 33 temporal arteriograms 9 showed definite abnormalities (7 in the periphery and 2 in the main stem). Selective biopsy of the 7 peripheral abnormal segments showed arteritis in only 2, narrowing of the vessels in the remainder being due to atheroma (3) and fibrointimal thickening (2)--that is, 5 9false positives9 for temporal arteritis on arteriography. Histological evidence of arteritis was found in 9 patients, only 5 of whom had clearly abnormal arteriograms--that is, 4 9false negatives9. Thus temporal arteriography appears to have low sensitivity for identifying arteritic lesions and also frequently gives 9false positive9 results. It is concluded that temporal arteriography is not a satisfactory alternative to biopsy, and that its value as an adjunct to selective biopsy is limited because of its frequent failure to detect lesions found histologically.
Studies of a Humoral Sodium Transport Inhibitory Activity in Normal Dogs and Dogs with Ligation of the Inferior Vena Cava
Authors: V. M. BUCKALEW, C. D. LANCASTER
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Plasma ultrafiltrates of dogs acutely expanded with saline inhibit toad bladder sodium transport. The present studies were performed to delineate further the chemical and physiological characterist...
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A Activates the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Pathway<i>In vitro</i>and<i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Dana M. Bronte-Tinkew, Mauricio Terebiznik, Aime Franco, Michelle Ang, Diane Ahn, Hitomi Mimuro, Chihiro Sasakawa, Mark J. Ropeleski, Richard M. Peek, Nicola L. Jones
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori confers an increased risk for the development of gastric cancer. However, the exact mechanisms whereby this bacterium causes carcinogenesis have not been completely elucidated. Recent evidence indicates that aberrant activation of the signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway may play a role in gastric carcinogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that H. pylori infection modulates STAT3 signaling, favoring gastric cancer development. In epithelial cells infected with H. pylori, STAT3 was activated, as assessed by immunoblotting for phosphorylated STAT3, immunofluorescence of translocated STAT3, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and luciferase activation in transfected cells. Activation was dependent on translocation but not phosphorylation of cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) in host cells. Activation seemed to be receptor-mediated because preincubation of cells with the interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor superantagonist sant7 or inhibition of gp130 by a monoclonal antibody prevented H. pylori-mediated STAT3 activation. However, activation was not related to autocrine activation by IL-6 or IL-11. CagA+ wild-type H. pylori, but not the noncarcinogenic cagA- mutant, activated STAT3 in gastric epithelial cells in vivo in the gerbil model of H. pylori-mediated gastric carcinogenesis. Collectively, these results indicate that H. pylori CagA activates the STAT3 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, providing a potential mechanism by which chronic H. pylori infection promotes the development of gastric cancer.
GENERALIZED PUSTULAR PSORIASIS.
Authors: HARVEY BAKER, TERENCE J. RYAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article GENERALIZED PUSTULAR PSORIASIS: A CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAI. STUDY OF 104 CASES Get access HARVEY BAKER, HARVEY BAKER Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar TERENCE J. RYAN TERENCE J. RYAN Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 12, 1 December 1968, Pages 771–793, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb11947.x Published: 01 December 1968 Article history Accepted: 17 May 1968 Published: 01 December 1968
T-Regulatory Cells: Key Players in Tumor Immune Escape and Angiogenesis
Authors: Andrea Facciabene, Gregory T. Motz, George Coukos
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract T-regulatory cells (Tregs) are found infiltrating tumors in a vast array of tumor types, and tumor-infiltrating Tregs are often associated with a poor clinical outcome. Tregs are potent immunosuppressive cells of the immune system that promote progression of cancer through their ability to limit antitumor immunity and promote angiogenesis. Here, we discuss the ways in which Tregs suppress the antitumor immune response and elaborate on our recent discovery that Tregs make significant direct contributions to tumor angiogenesis. Further, we highlight several current therapies aimed at eliminating Tregs in cancer patients. Given the multifaceted role of Tregs in cancer, a greater understanding of their functions will ultimately strengthen future therapies. Cancer Res; 72(9); 2162–71. ©2012 AACR.
Sofosbuvir with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for treatment-naive patients with hepatitis C genotype-1 infection (ATOMIC): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial
Authors: Kris V Kowdley, Eric Lawitz, Israel Crespo, Tarek Hassanein, Mitchell N Davis, Michael DeMicco, David E Bernstein, Nezam Afdhal, John M Vierling, Stuart C Gordon, Jane K Anderson, Robert H Hyland, Hadas Dvory-Sobol, Di An, Robert G Hindes, Efsevia Albanis, William T Symonds, M Michelle Berrey, David R Nelson, Ira M Jacobson
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Studying development in the 21<sup>st</sup> Century
Authors: Michael S. C. Thomas, Gert Westermann, Denis Mareschal, Mark H. Johnson, Sylvain Sirois, Michael Spratling
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract In this response, we consider four main issues arising from the commentaries to the target article. These include further details of the theory of interactive specialization, the relationship between neuroconstructivism and selectionism, the implications of neuroconstructivism for the notion of representation, and the role of genetics in theories of development. We conclude by stressing the importance of multidisciplinary approaches in the future study of cognitive development and by identifying the directions in which neuroconstructivism can expand in the Twenty-first Century.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Improves Breast Screening Sensitivity in <i>BRCA</i> Mutation Carriers Age ≥ 50 Years: Evidence From an Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xuan-Anh Phi, Nehmat Houssami, Inge-Marie Obdeijn, Ellen Warner, Francesco Sardanelli, Martin O. Leach, Christopher C. Riedl, Isabelle Trop, Madeleine M.A. Tilanus-Linthorst, Rodica Mandel, Filippo Santoro, Gek Kwan-Lim, Thomas H. Helbich, Harry J. de Koning, Edwin R. Van den Heuvel, Geertruida H. de Bock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

There is no consensus on whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be included in breast screening protocols for women with BRCA1/2 mutations age ≥ 50 years. Therefore, we investigated the evidence on age-related screening accuracy in women with BRCA1/2 mutations using individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis.
Prognostic factors and survival in children with perinatal HIV-1 infection
Authors: P.A Tovo, C Gabiano, E Palomba, M de Martino, L Galli, N Cappello, R D'Elia, E Ruga, A Loy, A Plebani, G.V Zuccotti, P Dallacasa, G Ferraris, D Caselli, C Fundaró, P D'Argenio, N Principi, M Stegagno
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Pathologic and Virologie Studies of Tumors Induced in Mice by Two Strains of Murine Sarcoma Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: P. J. Simons, D. J. McCully
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Neonatal Prince Henry mice were inoculated by various routes with 2 concentrations of murine sarcoma virus (Moloney)—MSV(M)—and murine sarcoma virus (Harvey)—MSV(H). Stock MSV(M), inoculated intramuscularly, induced large tumors that uniformly killed the mice. A tenfold dilution of MSV(M) was inoculated intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or intraperitoneally. All animals inoculated subcutaneously had prolonged survival, and a proportion (30%) of those inoculated intramuscularly had prolonged survival. One-third of the long-surviving mice died of lymphocytic leukemia without detectable solid tumor. Historically, the MSV(M)-induced lesions were reactive, consisting of inflammation and repair involving mesenchymal cells. In some lesions, endothelial cells were stimulated to produce slight vasoformation. In the mice surviving for longer periods, there was transition from the typical lesion to fibrous scar tissue, and, at the same time, there were active lesions in the abdominal and chest walls. Infectious MSV(M) was detected in the tumor, spleen, and plasma of these mice. Cells from MSV(M)-induced tumors could not be established in culture. Inoculation by all routes of stock and tenfold diluted MSV(H) resulted in rapid death, with only 3 of 16 mice inoculated subcutaneously surviving for more than 50 days. Histologically, the tumors were intensely vasoformative and very suggestive of angiosarcoma. Many mice had hemorrhagic lesions in the brain. The spleens showed proliferation of reticulum cells with associated erythroblastosis, often leading to splenic rupture and hemoperitoneum. Cells from MSV(H)-induced tumors could be established in culture, with continuous release of MSV(H). It is concluded that Prince Henry mice respond differently to the 2 strains of MSV. These results are discussed in relation to other studies using different strains of mice.
The pathogenesis of amiodarone-induced pigmentation and photosensitivity
Authors: C.B. ZACHARY, D.N. SLATER, D.W. HOLT, G.C.A. STOREY, D.M. MACDONALD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

A new method has been used to measure tissue levels of amiodarone and its major metabolite desethylamiodarone. Amiodarone-pigmented skin has a drug and metabolite concentration ten times that of non-pigmented skin. Iodine-rich amiodarone and its metabolite have been detected in secondary lysosomes by energy dispersive analysis of X-rays. Amiodarone induces a phototoxic reaction with an action spectrum in both the UV-B and UV-A wavelengths.
New antimicrobials against Mycobacterium marinum infection
Authors: R.B.S. Laing, R.F. Wynn, C.L.S. Leen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article New antimicrobials against Mycobacterium marinum infection Get access R.B.S. Laing, R.B.S. Laing Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, City Hospital, Greenbank Drive, Edinburgh EH10 5SB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.F. Wynn, R.F. Wynn Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, City Hospital, Greenbank Drive, Edinburgh EH10 5SB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.L.S. Leen C.L.S. Leen Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, City Hospital, Greenbank Drive, Edinburgh EH10 5SB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 131, Issue 6, 1 December 1994, Page 914, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08606.x Published: 01 December 1994
506 GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF ENOS AND INOS HAVE NO RELATION TO THE SEVERITY OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN CONTAST TO THE INFLAMMATORY PARAMETERS
Authors: K. Dvorak, M. Jachymova, J. Petrtyl, L. Vitek, M. Lenicek, P. Urbanek, T. Svestka, A. Linhart, P. Jansa, Z. Marecek, R. Bruha
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
25(OH) vitamin D levels in pediatric asthma and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Keya Rani Lahiri, Fehmida Najmuddin, Amruta Landge
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction: Insights into 25(OH) vitamin D levels in asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) has shown anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and immune enhancement properties.  Aims&objectives: To study the vitamin D levels in asthma and AR and its correlation with classification, exacerbations and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR).  Materials & methods: We performed 25(OH) vitamin D levels in 25 cases, who were on inhaled therapies. Oral vitamin D(60,000 IU once a week for 10 weeks) was administered in cases of deficiency(  Results: Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 19(76%), insufficiency in 2(8%). Intermittent asthma were 6(27.27%), of whom 5(83.3%) were deficient. Mild persistent asthma showed deficient vitamin D levels in 9(64.3%) and insufficiency in 2(14.3%). Both the cases of moderate persistent asthma had deficient levels. Association of allergic rhinitis grading with vitamin D levels revealed that all the 3(14.29%) cases of mild intermittent AR were deficient. Mild persistent AR was seen in 5(23.81%), of whom 3(60%) were deficient & 1(20%) was insufficient. Moderate persistent AR was observed in 12(57.14%), of whom 9(75%) had deficient levels. The correlation of asthma classification (p value 0.005) & AR grading (p value 0.047) with vitamin D levels were significant. Reduction in asthma exacerbations and improvement in PEFR scores were observed 3 months after oral vitamin D therapy.  Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 19 cases. Correlation of 25(OH) vitamin D levels with asthma and AR classification, exacerbations and PEFR were significant.
Family History of Breast and Ovarian Cancers and BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in a Population-Based Series of Early-Onset Breast Cancer
Authors: N. Loman, O. Johannsson, U. Kristoffersson, H. Olsson, A. Borg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the two major susceptibility genes involved in hereditary breast cancer. This study was undertaken to provide reliable population-based estimates of genetic influence and to characterize the nature and prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations in early-onset breast cancer.In a series comprising all women diagnosed with breast cancer under the age of 41 years in southern Sweden during 1990 through 1995 (n = 262), family history of cancer was evaluated in 95% (n = 250) of the case subjects and germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 were analyzed in 89% (n = 234). All statistical tests were two-sided.A total of 97 case subjects had at least one first- or second-degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer; 34 (14%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.6% to 18%) cases had at least two first- or second-degree relatives, 22 (8.8%; 95%CI = 5.3% to 12%) had one first-degree relative, and 41 (16%; 95% CI = 12% to 21%) had one second-degree relative with either cancer. If two females affected with breast or ovarian cancer who were related through an unaffected male were also defined as first-degree relatives, then a higher number of case subjects, 120 (48%; 95% CI = 42% to 54%), had at least one first-degree or second-degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer. Sixteen (6.8%; 95% CI = 4.0% to 11%) BRCA1 mutation carriers and five (2.1%; 95% CI = 0.70% to 4.9%) BRCA2 mutation carriers were identified. Among case subjects with one first- or more than one first- or second-degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer, BRCA mutations were more frequent (P<.001) than among the case subjects without this degree of family history. BRCA mutations were also statistically significantly more common among women with bilateral breast cancer than among women with unilateral breast cancer (P =.002). BRCA mutations were more common among younger case subjects than among older ones (P =.0027).Almost half (48%) of women in southern Sweden with early-onset breast cancer have some family history of breast or ovarian cancer, and 9.0% of early-onset breast cancer cases are associated with a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Mutation carriers were more prevalent among young women, women with at least one first- or second-degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer, and women with bilateral breast cancer.