tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypothyroidism in a patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: C. Gardner, P. Richardson, C. Wong, N. Polavarapu, G. Kemp, D. Cuthbertson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Consider hypothyroidism as a cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasingly recognised as a cause of chronic liver disease (affecting in some series 30-40% of the population1) and the commonest cause of abnormal liver function tests. The disease spans a spectrum of histopathological abnormalities, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis and steatosis with necroinflammation to steatosis with necroinflammation accompanied by varying degrees of fibrosis (which may progress to cirrhosis and its complications, including liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma).2 

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is characterised by a bright liver echo pattern on abdominal ultrasonography, and although it is often accompanied by raised liver enzymes, in many cases liver biochemistry is normal.3 Most patients are asymptomatic, with liver disease identified incidentally from abnormalities discovered in routine biochemistry tests or imaging performed for other reasons.

Although obesity is the commonest and primary metabolic cause, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may arise secondary to several other endocrine disorders, including thyroid dysfunction, growth hormone deficiency, adrenal insufficiency, and polycystic ovary syndrome.4 It is important to consider and screen for underlying conditions in the diagnostic approach to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

We report the case of a young man diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in whom an underlying cause was discovered.

A 33 year old, previously healthy man presented to his general practitioner with a hot swollen ankle of recent onset. He had no other joint involvement and no systemic symptoms apart from general lethargy, which he attributed to his shift work. He did not drink alcohol and was not taking any prescribed medication or over the counter drugs. He had a history of untreated obstructive sleep apnoea. His general practitioner diagnosed gout and recommended treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs but arranged to check renal function and liver …
Probabilistic Modeling of DNA Mismatch Repair Effects on Cell Cycle Dynamics and Iododeoxyuridine-DNA Incorporation
Authors: Evren Gurkan, Jane E. Schupp, Mohammad A. Aziz, Timothy J. Kinsella, Kenneth A. Loparo
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Previous studies in our laboratory have described increased and preferential radiosensitization of mismatch repair-deficient (MMR−) HCT116 colon cancer cells with 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR). Indeed, our studies showed that MMR is involved in the repair (removal) of IUdR-DNA, principally the G:IU mispair. Consequently, we have shown that MMR− cells incorporate 25% to 42% more IUdR than MMR+ cells, and that IUdR and ionizing radiation (IR) interact to produce up to 3-fold greater cytotoxicity in MMR− cells. The present study uses the integration of probabilistic mathematical models and experimental data on MMR− versus MMR+ cells to describe the effects of IUdR incorporation upon the cell cycle for the purpose of increasing IUdR-mediated radiosensitivity in MMR− cells. Two computational models have been developed. The first is a stochastic model of the progression of cell cycle states, which is applied to experimental data for two synchronized isogenic MMR+ and MMR− colon cancer cell lines treated with and without IUdR. The second model defines the relation between the percentage of cells in the different cell cycle states and the corresponding IUdR-DNA incorporation at a particular time point. These models can be combined to predict IUdR-DNA incorporation at any time in the cell cycle. These mathematical models will be modified and used to maximize therapeutic gain in MMR− tumors versus MMR+ normal tissues by predicting the optimal dose of IUdR and optimal timing for IR treatment to increase the synergistic action using xenograft models and, later, in clinical trials. [Cancer Res 2007;67(22):10993–11000]
Characterization of self-assembling copolymers in aqueous solutions using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: N. Beghein, L. Rouxhet, M. Dinguizli, M.E. Brewster, A. Ariën, V. Préat, J.L. Habib, B. Gallez
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Progression to Hepatitis and Fibrosis Secondary to Lomitapide Use—Reply
Authors: Frank M. Sacks, Maxine Stanesa, Robert A. Hegele
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Transcriptome analysis of human tissues and cell lines reveals one dominant transcript per gene
Authors: Mar Gonzàlez-Porta, Adam Frankish, Johan Rung, Jennifer Harrow, Alvis Brazma
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

Abstract Background RNA sequencing has opened new avenues for the study of transcriptome composition. Significant evidence has accumulated showing that the human transcriptome contains in excess of a hundred thousand different transcripts. However, it is still not clear to what extent this diversity prevails when considering the relative abundances of different transcripts from the same gene. Results Here we show that, in a given condition, most protein coding genes have one major transcript expressed at significantly higher level than others, that in human tissues the major transcripts contribute almost 85 percent to the total mRNA from protein coding loci, and that often the same major transcript is expressed in many tissues. We detect a high degree of overlap between the set of major transcripts and a recently published set of alternatively spliced transcripts that are predicted to be translated utilizing proteomic data. Thus, we hypothesize that although some minor transcripts may play a functional role, the major ones are likely to be the main contributors to the proteome. However, we still detect a non-negligible fraction of protein coding genes for which the major transcript does not code a protein. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that the transcriptome from protein coding loci is dominated by one transcript per gene and that not all the transcripts that contribute to transcriptome diversity are equally likely to contribute to protein diversity. This observation can help to prioritize candidate targets in proteomics research and to predict the functional impact of the detected changes in variation studies.
Redistribution of renal allograft-responding leukocytes during rejection. II. Kinetics and specificity.
Authors: A Nemlander, A Soots, E von Willebrand, B Husberg, P Hayry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

We investigated the traffic of allograft-responding leukocytes between the host and graft without handling of these cells in vitro. The blood flow between the host and graft was disconnected, the proliferating cells were labeled with [3H]thymidine selectively in the graft or in the host, the label was chased with cold thymidine, and the circulation was reestablished. The localization of labeled cells was quantitated by autoradiography. The first host-derived labeled cells appeared in the graft and graft-derived labeled cells in the host, already on the 1st d after transplantation. This was followed by an exponential increase in the labeled cell traffic in both directions. The peak of traffic was observed on day 4 after transplantation, whereafter the traffic rapidly declined and tapered off. This decline was not due to exhaustion of supply, as the labeled cells continued to proliferate in their original compartments, nor to a slowdown of blood circulation, which took place 2-3 d later. We consider the decline to indicate that the rejection has proceeded to a (irreversible) stage autonomous of the host lymphatic and hematopoietic system. During the exponential increase, nearly one-third of the graft-infiltrating inflammatory cells were replaced as a consequence of relocalization during each 18-h-period. All mononuclear white cell types, with the exception of granulocytes, participated in the traffic. Most lymphoid cells entrapped in the graft were descendents of recent cell divisions; most of the mononuclear phagocytes derived from a preexisting phagocyte pool. The entrapment of labeled leukocytes in a relevant graft was specific: when an allograft and an autograft were simultaneously transplanted, a more than 50-fold entrapment was observed in the allograft, compared with the autograft. Very few of the cells localized in irrelevant positions, such as the liver and lung, of the recipient.
PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF MYOCARDIAL CRYPTS IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Martin S. Maron, Ethan Rowin, David Lin, Evan Appelbaum, C. Michael Gibson, John Lesser, Tammy Haas, Jana Lindberg, James Udelson, Warren Manning, Barry Maron
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nose and nasopharynx: clinical features, tumor immunophenotype, and treatment outcome in 113 patients.
Authors: M M Cheung, J K Chan, W H Lau, W Foo, P T Chan, C S Ng, R K Ngan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

To study the clinical features and outcome for primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the nose/nasopharynx (NNP-NHLs) according to immunophenotype.One hundred thirteen Chinese patients with primary NNP-NHLs that belonged to the categories E, F, G, or H according to the Working Formulation (WF), with full immunophenotypic data and complete clinical follow-up data, were analyzed in this retrospective study.Ninety (79.6%) patients had localized (stage I or II) disease, while 23 (20.4%) had stage III or IV disease. The lymphomas in 51 (45.1%), 24 (21.3%), and 38 (33.6%) patients showed natural killer (NK)/T- (CD56-positive), T-cell, and B-cell immunophenotype, respectively. Seventy-three patients (65.8%) achieved a complete remission, of whom 34 (46.6%) subsequently relapsed. The median follow-up time for those alive was 88 months. The 5-year actuarial disease-free and overall survival rates were 34.4% and 37.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that only stage and immunophenotype were significant for survival. NK/T lymphomas were distinctive among the three immunophenotypes in the following aspects: the highest male-to-female ratio, more frequent involvement of the nasal cavity alone, higher risk of dissemination to the skin, more frequent development of hemophagocytic syndrome, and the worst prognosis (overall median survival, 12.5 months).The three immunophenotypes studied are shown to exhibit different clinical patterns. Since the NK/T phenotype carries the worst prognosis, patients who present with NNP-NHL should have their tumors analyzed for CD56 expression.
COMBINED SHOCK AND CORPUS LUTEUM HORMONE THERAPY
Authors: OTTO BILLIG, JOHN D. BRADLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

In a series of 12 selected cases it has been found that combined shock and corpus luteum therapy is of definite benefit in the alleviation of psychotic symptoms, especially if connected with "post-puerperal" and premenstrual activations or exacerbations.
Binding of components of the properdin system to cultured human lymphoblastoid cells and B lymphocytes.
Authors: A N Theofilopoulos, L H Perrin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Immunofluorescence studies showed that properdin (P) and factor B bind to C3-C3b receptor bearing human lymphoblastoid cells (Raji, Daudi) and B type human peripheral lymphocytes (HPL). P bound to Raji cells first incubated with normal human serum (NHS). EDTA, but not EGTA, halted the binding of P to cells incubated with NHS. However, fixation of P to Raji cells, after incubation with NHS first reacted with inulin, was independent of Ca++ and -g++ ions. Fixation of P to Raji cells depended on the presence of C3 or C3b and occurred in the absence of factor D and factor B. Binding of P to B type HPL was detectable only after incubation of these cells with NHS first reacted with inulin; under these conditions binding of P to Raji cells was also greatly enhanced. With both Raji cells and HPL, factor B was detectable on cell surfaces only after incubation of these cells with NHS first reacted with activators of the P system. Binding of factor B to cells required the presence of C3b and binding or stabilization of cell bound factor B necessitated the presence of activated P. P and factor B were detectable only on cultured cells having C3-C3b receptors. However, incubation of NHS with all lymphoblastoid cell lines studied resulted in activation of P and cleavage of factor B. Binding of P and factor B to cells may follow one of three sequences; (a) activated P in fluid phase combines with C3, factor D, and factor B, and the whole complex fixes to cellular C3-C3b receptors via its C3 moiety; (b) C3b generated in fluid phase combines with P, C3, factor D, and factor B and binds to C3-C3b receptors; or (c) C3 or C3b first binds onto the C3-C3b receptors and thereafter interacts with P, factor D, And factor B. Binding of components of the P system to cells or other particles may relate to such biological phenomena as lysis, phagocytosis, proliferation, attraction of other cell types, and alteration of responsiveness to external stimuli.
Effects of Allergen Challenge on Airway Epithelial Cell Gene Expression
Authors: Craig M. Lilly, Hiroki Tateno, Tsuyoshi Oguma, Elliot Israel, Larry A. Sonna
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Allergen exposure induces the airway epithelium to produce chemoattractants, proallergic interleukins, matrix-modifying proteins, and proteins that influence the growth and activation state of airway structural cells. These proteins, in turn, contribute to the influx of inflammatory cells and changes in structure that characterize the asthmatic airway. To use the response of the airway epithelium to allergen to identify genes not previously associated with allergic responses, we compared gene expression in cytokeratin-positive cells before and after segmental allergen challenge. After challenge with concentrations of allergen in the clinically relevant range, 755 (6%) of the detectable sequences had geometric mean fold-changes in expression, with 95% confidence intervals that excluded unity. Using a prospectively defined conservative filtering algorithm, we identified 141 sequences as upregulated and eight as downregulated, with confirmation by conventional polymerase chain reaction in all 10 sequences studied. Using this approach, we identified asthma-associated sequences including interleukin (IL-)-3, IL-4, and IL-5 receptor subunits, the p65 component of nuclear factor-κB, and lipocortin. The genomic response of the human airway to concentrations of allergen in the clinically relevant range involves a greater number of genes than previously recognized, including many not previously associated with asthma that are differentially expressed after airway allergen exposure.
Overexpression of activin A in stage IV colorectal cancer
Authors: S. Wildi, J. Kleeff, H. Maruyama, C. A. Maurer, M. W. Büchler, Murray Korc
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND AIMS</h3> Activins and inhibins are dimeric polypeptides that belong to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily and that bind to transmembrane receptors with serine/threonine kinase activity. The aim of this study was to characterise, in colon cancer cell lines and in normal and malignant human colon tissues, levels of expression of inhibin subunits that are involved in activin/inhibin dimer formation, and of the type I and II activin receptors (actRI and actRII). <h3>METHODS</h3> Expression of inhibin subunits and activin receptors was analysed by northern blot analysis. Inhibin βA and activin receptor expression were also assessed by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, activin A/inhibin βA localisation in human colon samples was assessed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Inhibin βA mRNA was expressed in CaCo2 cells but not in SW 837 or SW 1463 cells whereas inhibin βB and inhibin α were below the level of detection. In contrast, all four activin receptors were present in the three cell lines. Colon cancers overexpressed inhibin βA mRNA in comparison with normal colon, and this overexpression was greatest in stage IV tumours. ActRIb mRNA levels were slightly higher in the normal colon than in cancer tissues. By immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation, activin A and inhibin βA mRNA were present in the mucosal epithelial cells in normal tissues from patients with stage I disease but were either absent or weakly present in normal tissues from patients with stage IV disease. Conversely, they were present at weak to moderate levels in stage I cancers but at high levels in stage IV cancers. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Our findings indicate that activin A is overexpressed in human colorectal tumours, especially in stage IV disease, raising the possibility that activin A may have a role in advanced colorectal cancer.
Parenteral metoclopramide for acute migraine: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ian Colman, Michael D Brown, Grant D Innes, Eric Grafstein, Ted E Roberts, Brian H Rowe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To assess the evidence from controlled trials on the efficacy and tolerability of parenteral metoclopramide for acute migraine in adults. <b>Data sources</b> Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, conference proceedings, clinical practice guidelines, and other sources. <b>Selection criteria</b> Randomised controlled trials of parenteral metoclopramide for acute migraine in adults. <b>Results</b> We reviewed 596 potentially relevant abstracts and found 13 eligible trials totalling 655 adults. In studies comparing metoclopramide with placebo, metoclopramide was more likely to provide significant reduction in migraine pain (odds ratio 2.84, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 7.68). Used as the only agent, metoclopramide showed mixed effectiveness when compared with other single agents. Heterogeneity of studies for combination treatment prevented statistical pooling. Treatments that did include metoclopramide were as, or more, effective than comparison treatments for pain, nausea, and relapse outcomes reported in all studies. <b>Conclusions</b> Metoclopramide is an effective treatment for migraine headache and may be effective when combined with other treatments. Given its non-narcotic and antiemetic properties, metoclopramide should be considered a primary agent in the treatment of acute migraines in emergency departments.
Long term results of operation for shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis.
Authors: L Dernevik, P Gatzinsky
Journal: Thorax (1985)

During 14 years 34 patients were operated on for shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis. They were followed up after one to 14 years (mean 6.0) by interview, chest radiography, and spirometry. Most were in good condition, but a reduction in vital capacity had occurred in eight and in FEV1 in 15 patients. Radiographs were normal in 28 patients except for small pleural or parenchymal fibrotic changes. One patient had a suspected recurrence of shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis after nine years, suggesting continuation of the disease process despite operation.
Breath hydrogen in pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.
Authors: J Gillon, K Tadesse, R F Logan, S Holt, W Sircus
Journal: Gut (1979)

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is an uncommon condition of unknown aetiology. Bacterial gas production may be an important aetiological factor, but experimental evidence in humans has been lacking. We have studied breath hydrogen excretion as an index of bacterial gas production in 12 patients with PCI and have shown that four out of five with demonstrable cysts produced unusually high levels of hydrogen while fasting. This abnormality has not been previously reported. One patient showed resolution of PCI after antibiotic treatment. These findings confirm the importance of bacterial gas production in the pathogenesis of PCI.
Radiological versus histological diagnosis in UIP and NSIP: survival implications
Authors: K R Flaherty
Journal: Thorax (2003)

<b>Background:</b> High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has an important diagnostic role in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). We hypothesised that the HRCT appearance would have an impact on survival in patients with IIP. <b>Methods:</b> HRCT scans from patients with histological usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP; n=73) or histological non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP; n=23) were characterised as definite UIP, probable UIP, indeterminate, probable NSIP, or definite NSIP. Cox regression analysis examined the relationships between histopathological and radiological diagnoses and mortality, controlling for patient age, sex, and smoking status. <b>Results:</b> All 27 patients with definite or probable UIP on HRCT had histological UIP; 18 of 44 patients with probable or definite NSIP on HRCT had histological NSIP. Patients with HRCT diagnosed definite or probable UIP had a shorter survival than those with indeterminate CT (hazards ratio (HR) 2.43, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.58; median survival 2.08 <i>v</i> 5.76 years) or HRCT diagnosed definite or probable NSIP (HR 3.47, 95% CI 1.58 to 7.63; median survival 2.08 <i>v</i> 5.81 years). Patients with histological UIP with no HRCT diagnosis of probable or definite UIP fared better than patients with histological UIP and an HRCT diagnosis of definite or probable UIP (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.98; median survival 5.76 <i>v</i> 2.08 years) and worse than those with a histological diagnosis of NSIP (HR 5.42, 95% CI 1.25 to 23.5; median survival 5.76 <i>v</i> &gt;9 years). <b>Conclusions:</b> Patients with a typical HRCT appearance of UIP experience the highest mortality. A surgical lung biopsy is indicated for patients without an HRCT appearance of UIP to differentiate between histological UIP and NSIP.