tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transplantation and Cytogenetic Studies of Herpesvirus saimiri-Induced Disease in Marmoset Monkeys2
Authors: Barbara Marczynska, Lawrence Falk, Lauren Wolfe, Friedrich Deinhardt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

Journal Article Transplantation and Cytogenetic Studies of Herpesvirus saimiri-Induced Disease in Marmoset Monkeys Get access Barbara Marczynska, Barbara Marczynska Departments of Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's and University of Illinois Medical Centers, Chicago, Illinois 60612 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lawrence Falk, Lawrence Falk Departments of Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's and University of Illinois Medical Centers, Chicago, Illinois 60612 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lauren Wolfe, Lauren Wolfe Departments of Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's and University of Illinois Medical Centers, Chicago, Illinois 60612 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Friedrich Deinhardt Friedrich Deinhardt Departments of Microbiology, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's and University of Illinois Medical Centers, Chicago, Illinois 60612 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 50, Issue 2, February 1973, Pages 331–337, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/50.2.331 Published: 01 February 1973 Article history Received: 29 June 1972 Accepted: 04 October 1972 Published: 01 February 1973
New Strategies in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer: Many Combinations of Targeted Drugs Available
Authors: Vandana Abramson, Carlos L. Arteaga
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The anti-HER2 drugs trastuzumab and lapatinib are increasingly changing the natural history of early and metastatic HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Many other agents targeted against the HER2 signaling network are in clinical development, and these are or will soon be combined with the currently approved anti-HER2 therapies. We review herein recent data in support of the early use of combinations of agents targeted to the HER2 network as the most rational approach against this subtype of breast cancer. We propose that the optimal combination or combinations of anti-HER2 agents delivered early in the natural history of HER2+ breast cancer should close to eliminate acquired drug resistance, shorten the duration of therapy, and potentially dispense with the need of concurrent chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 17(5); 952–8. ©2011 AACR.
Phylogenomic Test of the Hypotheses for the Evolutionary Origin of Eukaryotes
Authors: Nicolas C. Rochette, Céline Brochier-Armanet, Manolo Gouy
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

The evolutionary origin of eukaryotes is a question of great interest for which many different hypotheses have been proposed. These hypotheses predict distinct patterns of evolutionary relationships for individual genes of the ancestral eukaryotic genome. The availability of numerous completely sequenced genomes covering the three domains of life makes it possible to contrast these predictions with empirical data. We performed a systematic analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of ancestral eukaryotic genes with archaeal and bacterial genes. In contrast with previous studies, we emphasize the critical importance of methods accounting for statistical support, horizontal gene transfer, and gene loss, and we disentangle the processes underlying the phylogenomic pattern we observe. We first recover a clear signal indicating that a fraction of the bacteria-like eukaryotic genes are of alphaproteobacterial origin. Then, we show that the majority of bacteria-related eukaryotic genes actually do not point to a relationship with a specific bacterial taxonomic group. We also provide evidence that eukaryotes branch close to the last archaeal common ancestor. Our results demonstrate that there is no phylogenetic support for hypotheses involving a fusion with a bacterium other than the ancestor of mitochondria. Overall, they leave only two possible interpretations, respectively, based on the early-mitochondria hypotheses, which suppose an early endosymbiosis of an alphaproteobacterium in an archaeal host and on the slow-drip autogenous hypothesis, in which early eukaryotic ancestors were particularly prone to horizontal gene transfers.
Differences between smokers who completed or dropped out of a program to increase daily physical activity
Authors: Mahara Proença, Juliana Gomes Zabatiero, Demetria Kovelis, Leandro Cruz Mantoani, Karina Couto Furlanetto, Andrea Akemi Morita, Gianna Kelren Waldrich Bisca, Fábio Pitta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Initiatives to increase physical activity in daily life (PADL) of smokers are important, although interventions in this population are frequently characterized by high dropout rates. Objectives: To investigate and compare the characteristics of smokers who completed or dropped out of a program to increase PADL. Methods: 105 smokers with normal lung function started a 5-month program which aimed at increasing PADL by using pedometers (DigiWalker SW-200 Yamax) in order to achieve a target of 10000 steps/day. Participants responded to questionnaires concerning smoking history (cigarettes/day and pack-years index), quality of life (SF-36) and anxiety and depression symptoms (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory, respectively). Lung function (spirometry) and functional exercise capacity (6-minute walking test) were also assessed, besides baseline PADL assessment with a pedometer for six days. Results: When comparing smokers who completed the program (n=54; 27 male) with those who dropped out (n=51; 16 male), there were significant differences concerning age (51[47-58] vs 48[36-51] years, respectively; p=0.004; median[IQR]); pack-years (35[19-47] vs 23[13-40]), respectively; p=0.03), PADL (8746[6059-11029] vs 7226[4060-9120] steps/day, respectively; p=0.01) and most SF-36 dimensions, especially physical function (90[80-100] vs 85[64-91], respectively; p=0.005). Conclusions: Smokers who dropped out of the program were younger, physically less active and with worse quality of life than those who completed it. In protocols aiming at increasing daily physical activity of smokers, strategies must be developed to avoid these target subjects to dropout.
Enhanced liver regeneration following changes induced by hepatocyte-specific genetic ablation of integrin-linked kinase
Authors: Udayan Apte, Vasiliki Gkretsi, William C. Bowen, Wendy M. Mars, Jian-Hua Luo, Shashikiran Donthamsetty, Ann Orr, Satdarshan P.S. Monga, Chuanyue Wu, George K. Michalopoulos
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Following liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, liver grows back precisely to its original mass and does not exceed it. The mechanism regulating this "hepatostat" is not clear and no exceptions have been found to date. Although pathways initiating liver regeneration have been well studied, mechanisms involved in the termination of liver regeneration are unclear. Here, we report that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) (involved in transmission of the extracellular matrix [ECM] signaling by way of integrin receptors) and/or hepatic adaptations that ensue following ILK hepatocyte-targeted removal are critical for proper termination of liver regeneration. Following partial hepatectomy (PHx), mice with a liver-specific ILK ablation (ILK-KO-Liver) demonstrate a termination defect resulting in 58% larger liver than their original pre-PHx mass. This increase in post-PHx liver mass is due to sustained cell proliferation driven in part by increased signaling through hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and the beta-catenin pathway and Hippo kinase pathways.The data indicate that ECM-mediated signaling by way of ILK is essential in proper termination of liver regeneration. This is the first evidence of a defect leading to impaired termination of regeneration and excessive accumulation of liver weight following partial hepatectomy.
Serum C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels in non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Baykal Tulek, Habibe Koylu, Fikret Kanat, Ugur Arslan, Faruk Ozer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The basic uses of C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in the clinical practise is in the diagnosis and follow-up of infectious disease. The fact that CRP already achieves high levels in cases with lung cancer, however, limits its diagnostic specificity. PCT may be an important marker in the differential diagnosis of febrile lung cancer patients with high CRP levels.  Our objective in this study was to determine the levels of CRP and PCT in patients with newly diagnosed non-infectious non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to relate these results to patient and disease characteristics.  Serum CRP and PCT levels were measured in 79 histopathologically proved NSCLC patients and 20 healthy controls. Results were compared with demographic and clinical variables in patients with NSCLC.  Serum CRP concentrations were significantly higher in NSCLC patients compared to the control group (7.79 (3.36 – 26.10) mg/dl  vs . 38.30 (7.79 – 185) mg/dl; p 0.05). A mild, positive correlation was found between CRP level and tumor diameter. When comparing CRP levels in the lung cancer patients grouped according to age, sex, smoking status, clinical TNM staging and performance status (PS), the only significant difference found was that according to PS score.  High serum CRP levels in noninfectious NSCLC patients are mainly related to PS status and tumour size. Adding serum PCT measurement in these patients may contribute to exclude infections in patients with NSCLC.
Phenoxybenzamine in Benign Prostatic Obstruction
Authors: Jonathan S. Staub
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent assessment of prostatectomy for benign prostatic urinary tract obstruction,<sup>1</sup>it was pointed out that despite the improvement of most patients, the surgical mortality and frequency of complications are higher than reported in the literature. This prompts us to report our anecdotal experience with the αadrenergic blocker phenoxybenzamine. We have given this drug to an estimated 80 patients with symptomatic prostatic hyperplasia. Most of these patients have experienced prompt and substantial relief of their symptoms and improved bladder emptying within three or four days. No decrease in effectiveness has developed in patients treated for as long as six years. A dosage of 10 mg daily generally has been adequate and rarely has resulted in significant side effects. Although phenoxybenzamine has been oncogenic in some rodent tests, this effect has not been reported in humans. In an excellent recent review, Caine<sup>2</sup>speculates that the
A retrospective TBNET assessment of linezolid safety, tolerability and efficacy in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: G. B. Migliori, B. Eker, M. D. Richardson, G. Sotgiu, J-P. Zellweger, A. Skrahina, J. Ortmann, E. Girardi, H. Hoffmann, G. Besozzi, N. Bevilacqua, D. Kirsten, R. Centis, C. Lange
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Linezolid is used to treat patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR)/extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-tuberculosis (TB) cases, although clinical data on its safety, tolerability and efficacy are lacking. We performed a retrospective, nonrandomised, unblinded observational study evaluating the safety and tolerability of linezolid at 600 mg q.d. or b.i.d. in MDR/XDR-TB treatment in four European countries. Efficacy evaluation compared end-points of 45 linezolid-treated against 110 linezolid-nontreated cases. Out of 195 MDR/XDR-TB patients, 85 were treated with linezolid for a mean of 221 days. Of these, 35 (41.2%) out of 85 experienced major side-effects attributed to linezolid (anaemia, thrombocytopenia and/or polyneuropathy), requiring discontinuation in 27 (77%) cases. Most side-effects occurred after 60 days of treatment. Twice-daily administration produced more major side-effects than once-daily dosing (p = 0.0004), with no difference in efficacy found. Outcomes were similar in patients treated with/without linezolid (p = 0.8), although linezolid-treated cases had more first-line (p = 0.002) and second-line (p = 0.02) drug resistance and a higher number of previous treatment regimens (4.5 versus 2.3; p = 0.07). Linezolid 600 mg q.d. added to an individualised multidrug regimen may improve the chance of bacteriological conversion, providing a better chance of treatment success in only the most complicated MDR/XDR-TB cases. Its safety profile does not warrant use in cases for which there are other, safer, alternatives.
Cardiac tamponade due to pneumopericardium.
Authors: S L Johnston, R M Oliver
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Pneumopericardium is rare in acute asthma and cardiac tamponade has not been reported. The case is reported of a 20 year old asthmatic patient in whom assisted ventilation and high airway pressures resulted in tension pneumopericardium with clinical signs of cardiac tamponade that were relieved by pericardial aspiration.
Sufficiency of Information in 510(k) Summaries
Authors: Philip J. Phillips
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Determination of total lung capacity (TLC) without body plethysmography
Authors: Inon Cohen, Adam LaPrad, Ori Adam, Zachi Peles, Robert Brown, Julian Solway, Jeffrey Fredberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

We report here a new method to determine TLC that requires neither body plethysmography (PLETH), gas dilution, nor thoracic imaging. With cheeks supported, the subject breathes through a flow interruption valve downstream of a parallel chamber of known gas volume, comprising a so-called MiniBox (Fig.1 inset). The subject also performs standard spirometry. Pressure and flow metrics were derived from both these maneuvers in a training population, as well as TLC PLETH  measured on the same day (Platinum Elite, MGC, and ZAN 500, nSpire). Data mining methods were used to generate a formula from which we calculated TLC of any individual subject. Our population comprised 59 healthy adult women (31.5+15.5y, 23.3+4.9 BMI), 83 healthy adults men, (31.0+14.9y, 24.1+3.3 BMI), 25 patients with restrictive disease (48.8+16.4y, 29.4+6.8 BMI), and 101 patients with obstructive disease (62.9+11.9y, 27.7+4.9 BMI). Across this heterogeneous population we found TLC MiniBox =1.01TLC PLETH , r=0.91 (Pearson), CI: 0.922-0.88 (Fig.1). The coefficient of variation (CV) for repeated trials was 5.1%. These results establish a robust new method for accurate, rapid, and reproducible determination of TLC not only in healthy subjects but also in patients with a range of obstructive and restrictive disorders. Because it is compact, rapid, and accurate, this method is suitable for use in a physician office.  This work was sponsored by PulmOne Ltd., Ra’anana, Israel.
Structure and expression of human IgG FcRII(CD32). Functional heterogeneity is encoded by the alternatively spliced products of multiple genes.
Authors: D G Brooks, W Q Qiu, A D Luster, J V Ravetch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The structural heterogeneity of the human low affinity receptor for IgG, FcRII(CD32), has been elucidated through the isolation, characterization, and expression of cDNA clones derived from myeloid and lymphoid RNA. These clones predict amino acid sequences consistent with integral membrane glycoproteins with single membrane spanning domains. The extracellular domains display sequence homology to other Fc gamma Rs and members of the Ig supergene family. A minimum of three genes (Fc gamma RIIa, IIa', and Fc gamma RIIb) encode these transcripts, which demonstrate highly related extracellular and membrane spanning domains. IIa/IIa' differ substantially in the intracytoplasmic domain from IIb. Alternative splicing of the IIb gene generates further heterogeneity in both NH2- and COOH-terminal domains of the predicted proteins. Comparison to the murine homologues of these molecules reveals a high degree of conservation between the products of one of these genes, Fc gamma RIIb, and the murine beta gene in primary sequence, splicing pattern, and tissue distribution. In contrast, the sequence of IIa' indicates its relationship to the beta-like genes, with mutation giving rise to a novel cytoplasmic domain, while IIa is a chimera of both alpha- and beta-like genes. Expression of these cDNA molecules by transfection results in the appearance of IgG binding molecules that bear the epitopes defined by the FcRII(CD32) mAbs previously described.
Preclinical and Clinical Estimates of the Basal Apoptotic Rate of a Cancer Predict the Amount of Apoptosis Induced by Subsequent Proapoptotic Stimuli
Authors: Lian Zhang, Brian D. Kavanagh, Andrew M. Thorburn, D. Ross Camidge
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

We hypothesized that the basal apoptotic rate (BAR) of a cancer would predict sensitivity to subsequent proapoptotic stimuli. To explore this, preclinical and clinical BAR assays were developed measuring cumulative apoptotic events through ELISAs for soluble caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30) normalized to either cell number increase or total tumor volume, respectively.The BARs of A549, HCC44, and SW1573 non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines were measured following different pro/antiapoptotic manipulations. In isogenic wild-type and stable knockdown (KD) series, pretreatment BARs were correlated with response to proapoptotic stimuli and compared with established apoptosis assays. Pretreatment and posttreatment serum was available from stereotactic body radiation therapy patients.Caspase inhibition and p53 KDs reduced the BAR, whereas serum deprivation, XIAP, or Bcl2 KDs increased the BAR. The nontreated BAR rank ordering of the XIAP series recapitulated that with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and caspase-3/7 activity assays, and predicted each line's sensitivity to TRAIL or irradiation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, however, underestimated basal apoptosis during increased apoptotic stress, and caspase-3/7 activity detected minimal death in the media. P53 KDs with lower nontreated BARs were less sensitive to TRAIL and cisplatinum than wild-type. Stereotactic body radiation therapy increased serum M30 values, and the pretreatment clinical BAR strongly correlated with fold change in M30 on treatment (r = 0.93).M30-based BAR assays reflect apoptosis accurately and are more amenable to clinical application than existing apoptosis assays. The pretreatment BAR correlates with cell and/or tumor sensitivity to extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway stimulation. Prospective clinical exploration is warranted.
Structural and Molecular Mechanisms of Gap Junction Remodeling in Epicardial Border Zone Myocytes following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Fabien Kieken, Nancy Mutsaers, Elena Dolmatova, Kelly Virgil, Andrew L. Wit, Admir Kellezi, Bethany J. Hirst-Jensen, Heather S. Duffy, Paul L. Sorgen
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Lateralization of the ventricular gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) occurs in epicardial border zone myocytes following myocardial infarction (MI) and is arrhythmogenic. Alterations in Cx43 protein partners have been hypothesized to play a role in lateralization although mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. To examine potential mechanisms we did nuclear magnetic resonance, yeast 2-hybrid, and surface plasmon resonance studies and found that the SH3 domain of the tyrosine kinase c-Src binds to the Cx43 scaffolding protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) with a higher affinity than does Cx43. This suggests c-Src outcompetes Cx43 for binding to ZO-1, thus acting as a chaperone for ZO-1 and causing unhooking from Cx43. To determine whether c-Src/ZO-1 interactions affect Cx43 lateralization within the epicardial border zone, we performed Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunolocalization for active c-Src (p-cSrc) post-MI using a canine model of coronary occlusion. We found that post-MI p-cSrc interacts with ZO-1 as Cx43 begins to decrease its interaction with ZO-1 and undergo initial loss of intercalated disk localization. This indicates that the molecular mechanisms by which Cx43 is lost from the intercalated disk following MI includes an interaction of p-cSrc with ZO-1 and subsequent loss of scaffolding of Cx43 leaving Cx43 free to diffuse in myocyte membranes from areas of high Cx43, as at the intercalated disk, to regions of lower Cx43 content, the lateral myocyte membrane. Therefore shifts in Cx43 protein partners may underlie, in part, arrhythmogenesis in the post-MI heart.
Short-term effects of regular salmeterol treatment on adult cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: J Bargon, K Viel, N Dauletbaev, R Wiewrodt, R Buhl
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic lung inflammation leading to airways obstruction. Bronchodilators, particularly short-acting beta2-agonists, are, therefore, often used by CF patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate, prospectively, the effects of the long-acting beta2-agonist salmeterol in adult CF patients. Twenty six patients with CF (10 males and 16 females; mean age (+/-SEM) 28+/-2 yrs) with mild-to-moderate airways obstruction (baseline forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) 56+/-2%) were monitored in an open, cross-over trial for 4 weeks by means of peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR), self-recorded symptom scores and body plethysmography. During a 2 week run-in period, all patients continued their treatment, including regular short-acting beta2-agonists. In weeks 3 and 4, short-acting beta2-agonists were replaced by the long-acting beta2-agonist, salmeterol (50 microg b.i.d.). Salmeterol produced a significant increase in PEFR compared to the run-in period (morning 375+/-23 vs 332+/-23 L x min(-1), deltaPEFR +15.1+/-3.1%, p&lt;0.003; evening 384+/-24 vs 349+/-24 L x min(-1), deltaPEFR +11.7+/-2.4%, p&lt;0.04). Similarly, patients reported lower symptom scores, e.g. less dyspnoea during the day, fewer nocturnal awakenings, less intense cough, and fewer unscheduled puffs of short-acting beta2-agonists. Thus, the long-acting beta2-agonist salmeterol provided clinical benefit to a majority of adult cystic fibrosis patients with airways obstruction. These short-term results are promising enough to set up long-term controlled studies.