tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GRAVITY DRAINAGE IN HAND INFECTIONS
Authors: Albert Llewellyn Hall
Journal: JAMA (1930)

To the Editor:  —In reply to the criticism of Dr. Douglas W. Owen (The Journal, Dec. 7, 1929, p. 1828) of my article on Gravity Drainage (The Journal, Oct. 5, 1929, p. 1083), he has apparently misconstrued my position on the subject since he states that  the examples cited a lack of knowledge of the anatomy of the lymphatics of the hand has led to erroneous conclusions.  I made no reference to the lymphatics of the hand but confined my views entirely to the excellent results that follow the use of gravity drainage when properly placed incisions are made. I never make dorsal incisions of the hand unless pus is present subcutaneously and the point of infection primarily is in the dorsal skin; then an incision should be made at the site nearest to the pus chamber and the hand inverted, thus utilizing gravity as an aid to proper
Human Rabies Transmitted by the Bite of a Bat
Authors: John R. Kent, Sydney M. Finegold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE 1929 outbreak of rabies in Trinidad demonstrated that vampire bats, Desmodus rotundus murinus Wagner, and fruit-eating bats may transmit the rabies virus naturally to cattle and man.1 , 2 Although Pawan1 discovered rabies in an insectivorous bat as long ago as 1936, it has only recently been appreciated that these bats (as well as the vampire bats and fructivorous bats) may play an important part in the epidemiology of rabies. This is especially important in the United States, where only insectivorous bats are found (the vampire bat has been found in three of the Mexican states along the United States border, . . .
Nature of Malignant Hypertension
Authors: V. K. G. Pillay
Journal: BMJ (1965)

and as sensible as similar ones would be coming from a Ghanaian working for a brief spell in Bulgaria and describing medicine in Europe (let alone life, customs, etc.).May I point out a few of the statements which are just not true if they are meant to refer to the majority of English-speaking countries.(1) "The larger part of the work will be in clinical spheres which are already familiar."What about malaria, amoebiasis, malnutrition, endomyocardial fibrosis, rickets, Burkitt's tumour, ainhum, typhoid fever, ruptured uterus, vesico- vaginal fistula, etc.?(2) " The ubiquitous and excellent Boyle's machine is almost always available."It is almost always not available.(3) " Post-mortem examination . . .should not be difficult."What about bodies brought in from the bush three or more days after death ?(4) " We feel it right to emphasize that at least 80% of what one will see and do is familiar general practice adapted to the African scene."Certainly not.This is proved by the authors themselves.They write a bit further on " Poverty, ignorance, and poor housing and hygiene are the facts of life throughout Africa.The diseases they cause . . .make up the bulk of a doctor's work."This is certainly not the case in the United Kingdom.
Gerodontology: 'long in tooth' but not short of dental care
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Gerodontology—the study of the dentition and dental problems of elderly persons—has joined geriatrics and gerontology as a growing health care specialty. Faced with the combination of a decline in dental caries among younger persons and an increasing number of aging patients who have not, as a recent issue (Jan 10) of<i>Harvard Medical Area Focus</i>puts it, "had the benefits of improved dental techniques, oral hygiene, and fluoride treatment that began to enhance dental health in the 1960s," many schools are preparing students to turn their attention to those older patients who have still managed to keep some of their teeth. According to Ronald L. Ettinger, DDS, Iowa City, Iowa, president of the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry, about 12% of the 60 dental schools in this country accredited by the American Dental Association offer a truly comprehensive course in geriatric care. This bears out the results of a survey
Prevention of HIV Infection in Primary Care: Current Practices, Future Possibilities
Authors: Harvey J. Makadon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

More than a decade has passed since the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] epidemic began; our failure to develop an effective vaccine and adequate medical treatments indicates that future research and practice must work to prevent the spread of HIV. We review the literature on the current HIV-prevention practices of primary care physicians and highlight opportunities for clinical prevention. Prevention is hindered in four ways: 1) by narrow conceptions of medical care and of the role of the physician; 2) by physicians' discomfort with discussing human sexuality and illicit drug use and their attitudes toward persons with HIV or AIDS; 3) by constraints on time and resources; and 4) by the ambiguity of HIV prevention messages. We suggest strategies to overcome these barriers, including modifications in public policy, health care delivery systems, and medical education. These strategies support a nonhierarchical physician–patient relationship, with attention to culture and values, that will help physicians to identify and work with persons at increased risk for HIV infection.
Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Russell P. Tracy
Journal: Circulation (1998)

n this issue of Circulation, Ridker and colleagues 1 discuss the incremental value of CRP as a predictor of future CVD events.Their conclusion is that CRP is at least additive to HDL and total cholesterol with respect to risk prediction.In fact, there is some evidence that lipids and CRP are better predictors jointly than would be expected by adding up their individual predictive powers.CRP appeared to predict events in those at low risk on the basis of lipids, and CRP-lipid relationships to events were minimally altered by adjustment for other known CVD risk factors.These findings have important implications for CVD risk assessment and risk management.
Severe deficiency of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood from multiple myeloma patients.
Authors: L M Pilarski, M J Mant, B A Ruether, A Belch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

A major problem in the assessment of circulating B lymphocytes in multiple myeloma is the extent to which cells with passively absorbed Ig contribute to the assay. We have analyzed peripheral blood B cell numbers in 51 patients in various treatment categories by using an assay that is not subject to artifacts involving cytophilic Ig. We have defined a B lymphocyte by three different criteria (a) expression of a high surface density of Ig (b) expression of a high density of HLA.DR and (c) expression of a marker exclusive to surface Ig+ B cells. By these criteria, normal individuals have an average of 6% B cells. In multiple myeloma patients, B cell levels in purified mononuclear cell preparations are severely reduced. Untreated patients and the majority of patients on intermittent chemotherapy have 20-600-fold fewer B cells than do normal donors (average = 0.3%). This decrease was even greater in whole blood of patients as compared with normal donors (100-1,000-fold fewer B cells). The number of B cells did not correlate with disease status or paraprotein concentration. We found no evidence to support the idea that B lymphocytes in patients include a substantial monoclonal subset.
Antiidiotypes against anti-H-2 monoclonal antibodies. V. In vivo antiidiotype treatment induces idiotype-specific helper T cells.
Authors: H Auchincloss, J A Bluestone, D H Sachs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Mice have been treated in vivo with xenogeneic antiidiotypes prepared against a murine monoclonal anti-H-2Kk antibody, 11-4.1. B cell immune responses have been found to be altered by such treatment as evidenced by a modification in the idiotypic repertoire of the humoral response to H-2 antigens. Transfer of purified T cells into nude mice before anti-idiotype treatment showed that T cells are involved in the induction of idiotope-bearing antibodies by xenogeneic antiidiotype. Studies using bone marrow chimeras indicate that the environment in which either T or B cells mature does not appear to alter VH region genetic control of induction of antiidiotype-induced molecules. By adoptive transfer studies, T cells from antiidiotype-treated mice were found capable of modifying the idiotypic repertoire of B cells subsequently exposed to antigen even when the T cells were obtained from antiidiotype-primed mice of inappropriate allotype. Although it still must be determined whether idiotypic or antiidiotypic T cells are involved in such B cell idiotype regulation, these results indicate that some T cell functions are altered by xenogeneic antiidiotypes prepared against B cell products and suggest that T cell immunity to major histocompatibility complex antigens may also be affected by such reagents.
A Laminin-Collagen Complex Drives Human Epidermal Carcinogenesis through Phosphoinositol-3-Kinase Activation
Authors: Elizabeth A. Waterman, Noriyasu Sakai, Ngon T. Nguyen, Basil A.J. Horst, Dallas P. Veitch, Clara N. Dey, Susana Ortiz-Urda, Paul A. Khavari, M. Peter Marinkovich
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Laminin-332 (formerly laminin-5) and collagen VII are basement membrane proteins expressed at the invasive front of human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumors. These proteins have protumorigenic properties, but whether laminin-332 and collagen VII promote SCC tumors by providing adhesion or other nonadhesive extracellular cues, or whether laminin-332 and collagen VII interact together in this process remains unknown. In this study, we examined the role of these molecules by a structural approach using an in vivo model of human SCC tumorigenesis. Here, we show that individual domains (VI and V-III) on the laminin-332 beta3 chain provide distinct and highly divergent cell adhesion and tumor-promoting functions. We found that laminin beta3 domain VI provided a critical role in the assembly of stable adhesion complexes, but this domain was not required in SCC tumors. Instead, we found that laminin beta3 domain V-III played an essential role in SCC carcinogenesis/invasion through binding to collagen VII, which in turn, led to phosphoinositol-3-kinase activation and protection from apoptosis. Overexpression of constitutively active p110 phosphoinositol-3-kinase subunit was sufficient to restore invasion and tumorigenesis in transformed cells lacking laminin-332/collagen VII interaction in a manner independent of cellular adhesion. These studies show distinctive adhesive and signaling functions in individual domains of laminin-332, one which is required for normal epithelial adhesion and one which is required for SCC tumorigenesis. This uncoupling of stable adhesion from tumor progression in our studies suggests that laminin-332/collagen VII interaction promotes epidermal carcinogenesis through signaling rather than adhesion.
55. Lentiviral-Mediated Silencing of Mutant SOD-1 Using RNAi Causes Long Term Correction of ALS in a Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: Gareth S. Ralph, Pippa A. Radcliffe, Denise M. Day, Janine M. Carthy, Susan M. Kingsman, Kyriacos A. Mitrophanous, Mimoun Azzouz, Nicholas D. Mazarakis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting in selective death of motor neurons of the cerebral cortex, brain stem and spinal cord. Some familial cases are caused by missense mutations in the gene encoding the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1). conferring a toxic gain of function to this protein. The precise mechanisms of these neurodegenerative effects are unknown. Gene therapy-based strategies for treating ALS have mainly utilised viral vectors to overexpress neurotrophic genes in motor neurons of transgenic mouse models. One potential alternative approach to alleviate ALS symptoms (caused by mutations in SOD-1) would be to specifically silence expression of the mutant form of this gene. Interfering RNA (RNAi) provides us with a powerful tool for mediating such therapeutic gene silencing approaches. Viral vectors have provided an efficient method for delivering interfering RNA by overexpression of short hairpin loop structures (shRNAs), that are processed into functional double stranded RNAi molecules in the host cell.
Studies Suggest a Darker Side of 'Benign' Microbes
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

NEW TECHNIQUES for diagnosing mycoplasma infections combined with rigorous culture and serologie methods are transforming long-standing perceptions of the tiny organisms as agents of mild and self-limiting illness to something more troubling. Evidence mounting in the past few years is prompting a réévaluation of mycoplasmata, the smallest free-living organisms, microbiologist Gail H. Cassell, PhD, told researchers and clinicians who met in Toronto, Ontario, for the 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC). Studies are revealing that members of this family of microorganisms, long pigeonholed as relatively benign pathogens, apparently cause a variety of illnesses, including pneumonia—both mild and severe—far more often than previously thought. <h3>Low-Profile Microbes</h3> One reason that the potential of the mycoplasmata for causing more severe disease has been underappreciated is that these fastidious microbes are difficult to grow and work with in the laboratory. This has meant that efforts to determine whether a patient had
Health concepts, issues, and experience in the Abakaliki area, Nigeria.
Authors: C Chukwuma
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Environmental health problems are increasingly receiving global attention. The health of entire nations may not only be affected by adverse environmental conditions, but by nutritional deficiencies that lead to morbidity and mortality. The type and extent of adverse health effects in a population depend on the potential for exposure to some environmental factors and pathogens as well as other environmental variables like industrialization, sanitation conditions, and urbanization. National and international comparisons between health status indicators can reveal the extent of any differences that exist, including dynamic changes in prevailing environmental conditions which may be helpful in characterizing the role of specific risk factors. Improvements in collection of environmental data related to health can help to identify, control, and eliminate many of the factors that are associated with environmental risk in the Abakaliki area of eastern Nigeria.
A regulatory feedback loop involving p63 and IRF6 links the pathogenesis of 2 genetically different human ectodermal dysplasias
Authors: Francesca Moretti, Barbara Marinari, Nadia Lo Iacono, Elisabetta Botti, Alessandro Giunta, Giulia Spallone, Giulia Garaffo, Emma Vernersson-Lindahl, Giorgio Merlo, Alea A. Mills, Costanza Ballarò, Stefano Alemà, Sergio Chimenti, Luisa Guerrini, Antonio Costanzo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The human congenital syndromes ectrodactyly ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip/palate syndrome, ankyloblepharon ectodermal dysplasia clefting, and split-hand/foot malformation are all characterized by ectodermal dysplasia, limb malformations, and cleft lip/palate. These phenotypic features are a result of an imbalance between the proliferation and differentiation of precursor cells during development of ectoderm-derived structures. Mutations in the p63 and interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) genes have been found in human patients with these syndromes, consistent with phenotypes. Here, we used human and mouse primary keratinocytes and mouse models to investigate the role of p63 and IRF6 in proliferation and differentiation. We report that the DeltaNp63 isoform of p63 activated transcription of IRF6, and this, in turn, induced proteasome-mediated DeltaNp63 degradation. This feedback regulatory loop allowed keratinocytes to exit the cell cycle, thereby limiting their ability to proliferate. Importantly, mutations in either p63 or IRF6 resulted in disruption of this regulatory loop: p63 mutations causing ectodermal dysplasias were unable to activate IRF6 transcription, and mice with mutated or null p63 showed reduced Irf6 expression in their palate and ectoderm. These results identify what we believe to be a novel mechanism that regulates the proliferation-differentiation balance of keratinocytes essential for palate fusion and skin differentiation and links the pathogenesis of 2 genetically different groups of ectodermal dysplasia syndromes into a common molecular pathway.
Minimal change nephrotic syndrome presenting after acute decompression.
Authors: P D Yin, K W Chan, M K Chan
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Une observation: un plongeur (19 ans) est oblige de remonter rapidement d'une profondeur de 30,5 m et presente quelques jours plus tard des douleurs et vertiges, une dyspnee et un anasarque generalise (des seances de recompression ont ete interrompues trop vite). Le malade est atteint de syndrome nephrotique du a une glomerulonephrite a lesions minimes. Bons resultats, a court terme, des corticosteroides
Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls as inhibitors of the sulfation and glucuronidation of 3-hydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene.
Authors: Peter van den Hurk, Gerhard A Kubiczak, Hans-Joachim Lehmler, Margaret O James
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can be metabolized by cytochromes P450 to hydroxylated biotransformation products. In mammalian studies, some of the hydroxylated products have been shown to be strong inhibitors of steroid sulfotransferases. As a part of ongoing research into the bioavailability of environmental pollutants in catfish intestine, we investigated the effects of a series of hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) on two conjugating enzymes, phenol-type sulfotransferase and glucuronosyltransferase. We incubated cytosolic and microsomal samples prepared from intestinal mucosa with 3-hydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene and appropriate cosubstrates and measured the effect of OH-PCBs on the formation of BaP-3-glucuronide and BaP-3-sulfate. We used PCBs with 4, 5, and 6 chlorine substitutions and the phenolic group in the ortho, meta, and para positions. OH-PCBs with the phenolic group in the ortho position were weak inhibitors of sulfotransferase; the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranged from 330 to 526 microM. When the phenol group was in the meta or para position, the IC50 was much lower (17.8-44.3 microM). The OH-PCBs were more potent inhibitors of glucuronosyltransferase, with IC50s ranging from 1.2 to 36.4 microM. The position of the phenolic group was not related to the inhibitory potency: the two weakest inhibitors of sulfotransferase, with the phenolic group in the ortho position, were 100 times more potent as inhibitors of glucuronosyltransferase. Inhibition of glucuronosyltransferase by low concentrations of OH-PCBs has not been reported before and may have important consequences for the bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of other phenolic environmental contaminants.
Practice Guidelines and Practicing Medicine
Authors: Robert H. Brook
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Various factors, including increased financial pressures on the health system, the rapidity of the introduction of technology, and data showing high levels of inappropriate care, will coalesce into a movement that will yield practice guidelines. If the guidelines are developed with the aid of the best methods and if they are applied constructively, then the twin goals of increased health of the American public and physician satisfaction can be achieved.
Lubricity and stability of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) polymer layer on Co–Cr–Mo surface for hemi-arthroplasty to prevent degeneration of articular cartilage
Authors: Masayuki Kyomoto, Toru Moro, Ken-ichi Saiga, Fumiaki Miyaji, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, Yoshio Takatori, Kozo Nakamura, Kazuhiko Ishihara
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Amino-aciduria Secondary to a Functioning Parathyroid Carcinoma
Authors: A. K. KHACHADURIAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

Case Reports1 June 1962Amino-aciduria Secondary to a Functioning Parathyroid CarcinomaA. K. KHACHADURIAN, M.D.A. K. KHACHADURIAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-6-931 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe introduction of chromatographic methods for the determination of amino-acids led to the discovery of numerous conditions associated with increased urinary excretion of amino acids in various inherited or acquired conditions. In our laboratory we have adapted the ninhydrin colorimetric method for the simple determination of total amino-acids of urine as a screening method for the detection of amino-acidurias. It was during these studies that we encountered gross amino-aciduria in a patient with hyperparathyroidism. Following the removal of a parathyroid carcinoma the urinary amino-acid excretion returned to normal.Survey of the literature did not reveal any report of a similar...References1. KHACHADURIANKNOXCULLEN AWEAM: Colorimetric ninhydrin method for total alpha amino acids of urine. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 56: 321, 1960. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. DENT CE: The aminoaciduria in Fanconi syndrome. A study making extensive use of techniques based on paper partition chromatography. Biochem. J. 41: 240, 1947. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. JONIXHUISMAN JHTH: Aminoaciduria in rachitic children. Lancet 2: 428, 1953. Google Scholar4. CUSWORTHDENT DCCE: Renal clearance of amino acids in normal adults and in patients with aminoaciduria. Biochem. J. 74: 550, 1960. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. AYERSCHEISSPITTS JLWARF: Independence of phosphate reabsorption and glomerular filtration in the dog. Amer. J. Physiol. 151: 168, 1947. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Beirut,From the Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.Requests for reprints should be addressed to A. K. Khachadurian, M.D., Department of Biochemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAminoaciduria—Its Relationship to Vitamin D and Parathyroid HormoneEffect of parathyroid hormone on renal tubular reabsorption of amino acidsDibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate enhancement of α-methyl-d-glucoside accumulation by kidney cortex slicesPrimary hyperparathyroidism and hyperaminoaciduriaErbliche tubuläre PartialfunktionsstörungenUrinary Excretion of Amino AcidsUrinary Excretion of Amino Acids 1 June 1962Volume 56, Issue 6Page: 931-934KeywordsAmino acidsCalciumExcretionHyperparathyroidismParathyroid tumorsPhosphorusResearch laboratoriesThyroidThyroidectomyUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...