tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long Half-Life for Cefazolin in Anuria
Authors: TIMOTHY D. MOORE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1978Long Half-Life for Cefazolin in AnuriaTIMOTHY D. MOORE, B. PHARM., SHIV K. SETH, PH. D.TIMOTHY D. MOORE, B. PHARM.Search for more papers by this author, SHIV K. SETH, PH. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-269_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: "Guidelines for Drug Therapy in Renal Failure" by Bennett and colleagues (1) provides valuable information to the practitioner. Individualization of drug therapy by monitoring serum levels is preferred because of the great variation among patients in pharmacokinetics. The following case illustrates potential problems in using average patient data when adjusting cefazolin doses in decreased renal function.A 26-year-old white man was admitted to The Ohio State University Hospitals on 18 July 1977. He gave a history of renal disease for 3 years and had been on chronic hemodialysis since April 1974. In June 1977 he underwent cadaveric...References1. BENNETTSINGERGOLPERFEIGCOGGINS WITPC: Guidelines for drug therapy in renal failure. Ann Intern Med 86:754-783, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. WELLINGCRAIGAMIDONKUNIN PWGC: Pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in normal and uremic subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 15:344-353, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LEROYCANONNEFILLASTREHUMBERT AMJG: Pharmacokinetics of cefazolin, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, in normal and uraemic patients. Curr Ther Res 16:878-889, 1974 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. WELLINGCRAIGKUNIN PWC: Prediction of drug dosage in patients with renal failure using data derived from normal subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 18:45-52, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. YOST R: Convulsions associated with sodium cefazolin: a case report. Am Surg 43:417-420, 1977 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Ohio State University Hospitals Columbus, OH 43210 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1978Volume 88, Issue 2Page: 269-270KeywordsDrug therapyHalf lifePharmacokineticsRenal diseasesRenal failure Issue Published: 1 February 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Identification of Alcohol Abuse Using Laboratory Tests and a History of Trauma
Authors: H. A. SKINNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

In a study involving 68 ambulatory patients with known alcohol problems and 68 social drinkers matched for age and sex, a questionnaire about the patients' history of trauma identified 7 out of 10 subjects with drinking problems. In contrast, abnormal values for gammaglutamyl transferase, mean corpuscular volume, or highdensity lipoproteins had only moderate sensitivity (26% to 40%) for identifying alcohol problems but excellent specificity (88% to 99%) for ruling out cases. Similar rates of sensitivity and specificity were found among 61 family practice patients. Diagnostic accuracy was improved by combining tests results, using computer-based logistic regression analysis. This study suggests that a brief questionnaire on history of trauma is valuable for the earlier detection of problem drinking in ambulatory populations, in contrast to laboratory tests, which appear to have high sensitivity only with more chronic alcoholics.
Regarding the Unkind Death of Billie Belle
Authors: S. W. Tolle, V. Tilden, Michael Williams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters21 August 2001Regarding the Unkind Death of Billie BelleSusan W. Tolle, MD and Virginia Tilden, RN, DNScSusan W. Tolle, MDOregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201-3098 (Tolle, Tilden)Search for more papers by this author and Virginia Tilden, RN, DNScOregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201-3098 (Tolle, Tilden)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-4-200108210-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Williams touches on a vital ethical issue that deserves more attention (1). He tells of a physician who labeled a loving son a murderer for wanting to stop his dying mother's dialysis treatments. Our research interviews with family members who participated in the decision to withdraw life-sustaining treatments revealed the anguish that can occur after such miscommunication (2). Of the 49 families we interviewed, 7 spontaneously volunteered concerns about killing or murdering and used such emotionally charged language as “I killed him, I know I did.” One family member spoke of his request to withdraw the ...References1. Williams M. Billie Belle's unkind death. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:743-4. [PMID: 11074910] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Tilden VT, Tolle SW, Nelson CA, Fields J. Family decision-making to withdraw life-sustaining treatments from hospitalized patients. Nurs Res. 2001;50:105-15. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Edwards M, Tolle S. Disconnecting a ventilator at the request of a patient who knows he will then die: the doctor's anguish. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:254-6. [PMID: 1616221] LinkGoogle Scholar4. Solomon M, O'Donnell L, Jennings B, Guilfoy V, Wolf S, Nolan K, et al . Decisions near the end of life: professional views on life-sustaining treatments. Am J Public Health. 1993;83:14-23. [PMID: 8417600] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. . Ethics manual. Fourth edition. American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:576-94. [PMID: 9518406] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201-3098 (Tolle, Tilden) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBillie Belle's Unkind Death Michael K. Williams Regarding the Unkind Death of Billie Belle Michael K. Williams Metrics 21 August 2001Volume 135, Issue 4Page: 302-303KeywordsEmotionsHomicideMedical dialysisTouchVentilators ePublished: 21 August 2001 Issue Published: 21 August 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Nonpermissive HLA-DPB1 disparity is a significant independent risk factor for mortality after unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Roberto Crocchiolo, Elisabetta Zino, Luca Vago, Rosi Oneto, Barbara Bruno, Simona Pollichieni, Nicoletta Sacchi, Maria Pia Sormani, Jessica Marcon, Teresa Lamparelli, Renato Fanin, Lucia Garbarino, Valeria Miotti, Giuseppe Bandini, Alberto Bosi, Fabio Ciceri, Andrea Bacigalupo, Katharina Fleischhauer
Journal: Blood (2009)
Toscana virus meningitis case in Switzerland: an example of the ezVIR bioinformatics pipeline utility for the identification of emerging viruses
Authors: S. Cordey, M. Bel, T.J. Petty, M. Docquier, L. Sacco, L. Turin, P. Cherpillod, S. Emonet, M. Louis-Simonet, E.M. Zdobnov, J. Ambrosioni, L. Kaiser
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)

Toscana virus (TOSV) represents a frequent cause of viral meningitis in the Mediterranean Basin that remains neglected in neighbouring countries. We report a documented TOSV meningitis case in a traveller returning from Tuscany to Switzerland. While routine serological and PCR assays could not discriminate between TOSV and Sandfly fever Naples virus infection, a high-throughput sequencing performed directly on the cerebrospinal fluid specimen and analysed with the ezVIR pipeline provided an unequivocal viral diagnostic. TOSV could be unequivocally considered as the aetiological agent, proving the potential of ezVIR to improve standard diagnostics in cases of infection with uncommon or emerging viruses.
Fractures of long bones occurring in neonatal intensive therapy units.
Authors: J Gibbs
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Thirdly, tamoxifen is known to reduce the incidence of local relapse after surgery, and this may militate against the need for radiotherapy after local excision while simultaneously reducing the incidence of contralateral breast cancer.4The alternative policy advocated by Drs Hamilton and Buchanan-close observationwould certainly tell us something of the natural course of the disease and establish precisely the incidence of local relapse after local excision alone.But in 10 years or more we would be no further on.The beauty of the two x two factorial trial is that it not only allows us to study the natural course of the disease but also shows whether one of two approaches might reduce the incidence of local relapse while allowing precise estimation of the cost-benefit ratios.
Non-Cell-Autonomous Mechanism of Activity-Dependent Neurotransmitter Switching
Authors: Alicia Guemez-Gamboa, Lin Xu, Da Meng, Nicholas C. Spitzer
Journal: Neuron (2014)

Activity-dependent neurotransmitter switching engages genetic programs regulating transmitter synthesis, but the mechanism by which activity is transduced is unknown. We suppressed activity in single neurons in the embryonic spinal cord to determine whether glutamate-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) switching is cell autonomous. Transmitter respecification did not occur, suggesting that it is homeostatically regulated by the level of activity in surrounding neurons. Graded increase in the number of silenced neurons in cultures led to graded decrease in the number of neurons expressing GABA, supporting non-cell-autonomous transmitter switching. We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed in the spinal cord during the period of transmitter respecification and that spike activity causes release of BDNF. Activation of TrkB receptors triggers a signaling cascade involving JNK-mediated activation of cJun that regulates tlx3, a glutamate/GABA selector gene, accounting for calcium-spike BDNF-dependent transmitter switching. Our findings identify a molecular mechanism for activity-dependent respecification of neurotransmitter phenotype in developing spinal neurons.
Rechallenge With Crystalline Niacin After Drug-Induced Hepatitis From Sustained-Release Niacin
Authors: Yaakov Henkin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Niacin (nicotinic acid) is available in several forms, including crystalline preparations and various types of sustained-release preparations. Evidence exists that sustained-release niacin, with respect to both dosage and severity, is more hepatotoxic than crystalline niacin. Three patients who developed hepatitis during treatment with sustained-release niacin were rechallenged with equivalent or higher doses of crystalline niacin, with no evidence of recurring hepatocellular damage. Although the mechanism for niacin-induced hepatitis is unknown, these cases support previous observations that crystalline niacin may be less hepatotoxic than sustained-release preparations in certain patients.
Results of induction therapy with vincristine and prednisone alone in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Report of 43 patients and review of the literature
Authors: Charles E. Hess, John W. Zirkle
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract The complete remission (CR) rate in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received vincristine (VCR) plus prednisone (PRED) alone for induction is &gt; 90%, and has not improved with the use of more intensive regimens. In adults with ALL, using the same regimen, a CR rate of only 50% is frequently quoted, and is apparently based mainly on unpublished data on only 13 patients from an early Acute Leukemia Group B protocol. We reviewed the case records of 43 adults with previously untreated ALL seen between July 1, 1966 and December 31, 1978 who received VCR + PRED alone for induction. A CR rate of 66% was achieved and compares to an overall figure of 61% from 162 patients collected from the literature. The CR rate was age dependent with 21/29 (76%) &lt; 50 years of age achieving a CR compared to 4/19 (29%) who were &lt; 50 years of age (P &lt; 0.02). The median duration of CR was 8.3 months. For those who achieved a CR, the median survival was 19 months compared to five months for those who either failed to achieve a CR or who achieved only a partial remission (P = 0.004). All patients who achieved a CR received maintenance therapy, and approximately one‐half also received CNS prophylaxis with intrathecal methotrexate. The incidence of isolated CNS relapse was 11% in those who received CNS prophylaxis compared to 20% in those who did not. From these data and a review of the literature, we conclude that approximately two‐thirds of adults with ALL will achieve a CR with the use of VCR + PRED alone. The median duration of CR, however, is &lt; one year and the median survival is approximately two years. Whether the use of more intensive induction, consolidation, and maintenance regimens will improve these results remains to be established.
The Hospitalist Movement — Time to Move On
Authors: Laurence F. McMahon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The rapid emergence of hospitalist care in the United States has been extraordinary, with more than 20,000 hospitalists practicing today.1 Several factors underlie this growth, including the increased demands placed on primary care physicians that make caring for both inpatients and outpatients difficult, restrictions on the work hours of residents, and the belief that "practice makes perfect."1,2 Although hospitalists may improve outcomes and enhance clinical efficiency, there has been concern that fragmenting the continuity of care could lead to more medical errors and dissatisfied patients.3 Early research focusing on cost and clinical outcomes sought to inform the debate about . . .
Migratory Pseudopneumothorax-Reply
Authors: Robert E. Falcone
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  The number of patients undergoing tube thoracostomy for artifactual pneumothorax, or worse yet, not undergoing thoracostomy for a missed pneumothorax, is probably much higher than we are willing to admit. Because many hospitals do not maintain in-house radiologists for immediate consultation on a 24-hour basis, the physician needs an understanding of basic radiography. The patient with migratory pseudopneumothorax provides an interesting clinical vignette for further discussion, which has been accurately and concisely provided by Dr Bohrer.
A Dural Calcification Presenting as a Solitary Lesion on Radionuclide Bone Scan
Authors: R V BOBBA, D FINK-BENNETT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Y.S. is an 80-year-old white woman with metastatic adenocarcinoma. A bone scintisurvey demonstrated a solitary lesion in the right frontal calvarium. Skull x-rays revealed it to be a dural calcification.
Editor claims drug companies have a “parasitic” relationship with journals
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The relationship between medical journals and the drug industry is “somewhere between symbiotic and parasitic,” according to the editor of the Lancet , Richard Horton. But at the moment it has swung too much towards the parasitic, he told the House Commons select committee on health last month in his oral evidence on the role of the industry.

He outlined some of the financial incentives that could, potentially, influence a commercially run medical journal to publish a paper. Many of the formal research papers in the Lancet are reprinted and bought in bulk by drug companies, which use them for marketing purposes, he explained. The drug companies regularly try to exert pressure on the journal to run a paper by arguing that, if the journal does …
Asbestos-Related Malignancy
Authors: Walter G. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

No other medical problem in the last half-century—with the possible exception of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome—has stymied the understanding and treatment efforts of scientists and physicians as has the spectrum of diseases caused by amphibole and chrysotile filaments of the fibrous mineral asbestos. Seminal work by Wagner in South Africa pointed to the mineral as the cause of malignant pleural mesothelioma in 1960, although earlier workers in Britain and Germany had suggested this possibility. Implicated as a cocarcinogen with cigarette smoke in cases of bronchus carcinoma and a cause of pleural plaque formation and fibrosis, the apparently ubiquitous fibrous silicate has become a villain in settings as far apart as shipyards and classrooms. At hand is a sprightly new text on a grim range of diseases caused or abetted by asbestos fibers. About half of the multiauthor volume is devoted to epidemiology, minerology, pathology, and mechanisms of carcinogenesis. All these
Does exposure to sexually transmitted disease predispose to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia?
Authors: J.R. Smith, J. Murdock, D. Carrington, C.E. Frew, A.J. Dougall, H. MacKinnon, D. Baillie, D.M. Byford, C.A. Forrest, J.A. Davis
Journal: Journal of Infection (1992)
Environmental Pollution with Resistant Microbes
Authors: Richard A. Gleckman, Morton A. Madoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The do-no-harm doctrine, fundamental to most physicians, is often unwittingly relegated to secondary status by the understandable human desire to "do something." The unfortunate consequences of this reversal of priorities are nowhere better catalogued than in the chronicles of antibiotic usage, where three decades of secondary catastrophes are recorded. The phenomena resulting from the toxicity and hypersensitivity induced by these miracle drugs exhibit their mark in every bodily organ, cell and orifice. To wager today that any new antimicrobial agent will be completely safe, regardless of its alchemy, is to ignore the laws which make paupers of chronic roulette enthusiasts. . . .
Abstract 5503: Anti-proliferative role of MMP-9 and uPAR/cathepsin B knockdown in negative regulation of DNA repair mechanisms in human glioma xenografts
Authors: Shivani Ponnala, Krishna Kumar Veeravalli, Chandramu Chetty, Jasti S. Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most lethal forms of brain tumors. Efficient repair of DNA damage, especially double strand breaks (DSBs) and anti-apoptotic mechanisms associated with GBM, makes treating GBM challenging. In the present study, siRNA-mediated transcriptional silencing of MMP-9 and uPAR (MU) and MMP-9 and cathepsin B (MC) in 4910 and 5310 glioma xenograft cells had significant anti-proliferative effect as assessed by BrdU, MTT and clonogenic assays. FACS analysis revealed cells were in sub-G0-G1 phase after xenograft cells were treated with MU or MC. We also investigated the role of MU or MC knockdown in reducing DNA damage response (DDR), which eventually leads to apoptosis in glioma xenograft cells. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed downregulation of DNA PKcs and Ku70/80 levels, which are responsible for non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair. Elevated γH2AX protein expression and increased comet tail length indicated that the reduced NHEJ DNA repair led to accumulation of DSBs in MU and MC knocked down cells. The binding efficiency of Ku70 and Ku80 to DSB was significantly reduced in glioma cells treated with MU or MC. In addition, we noticed a reduced γH2AX and Ku70/Ku80 colocalization at DSBs in MU- and MC-treated xenograft cells. Moreover, MU and MC knockdown in these xenograft cells resulted in the downregulation of several other proteins involved in DNA damage response and the survival pathway (e.g., ATM, Rad 51, CHK2, EGFR, Akt, and ERK). Immunohistochemistry of the brain sections of xenografts injected into nude mice showed a reduced expression of DNA PKcs in animals treated with MU and MC siRNA. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that silencing via MU and MC not only negatively regulates DNA damage response, but also downregulates the proteins associated with the survival pathway. Based on these findings, it appears that silencing MU or MC in addition to radiation could be an effective strategy to treat radioresistant high-grade gliomas, where treatment usually fails due to the enhanced repair of DSBs induced by radiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5503. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5503
Major Progress toward Eliminating Lymphatic Filariasis
Authors: Eric A. Ottesen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

It was 1993 when the International Task Force for Disease Eradication identified lymphatic filariasis as one of only six diseases meeting the criteria for being eradicable or potentially eradicable.1 Since that time, efforts toward this goal have moved ahead rapidly. Recognizing that this disease of disability was a major health drain on the economies, well-being, and development of the 80 mostly poor nations where lymphatic filariasis remained endemic and that tools were available that could eliminate it, the World Health Assembly passed a resolution in 1997 proposing as a public health goal the global elimination of lymphatic filariasis. The principal . . .
An algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: P Bedossa, T Poynard
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Histological activity reflects the global assessment of basic necroinflammatory lesions and is a criterion of major importance in chronic hepatitis C. The aim of this study was to propose and test the accuracy of a simple algorithm that generates a single activity score based on basic pathological features. A panel of 10 pathologists reviewed 363 chronic hepatitis C liver biopsies and graded the activity of hepatitis according to their own experience (reference activity). Then, a consensual algorithm on the grading of activity was established by the 10 experts in a panel discussion. Finally, stepwise discriminant analysis was performed to define which basic features had been intuitively used in the reference activity (statistical activity). To test the accuracy of the algorithm, concordance between the activity defined by the algorithm and the reference activity was assessed. It was compared with concordance between the activity defined by the statistical model and the reference activity. The algorithm proposed by the panel for the grading of activity included piecemeal necrosis and lobular necrosis. Concordance between reference activity and activity defined by the algorithm was substantial (305 cases, 84%, kappa = .75). Discriminant analysis showed that piecemeal necrosis, lobular necrosis, and portal inflammation were independently used to grade the activity. Concordance between reference activity and activity defined by the statistical model was substantial (300 cases, 83%, kappa = .73), virtually identical to the concordance between reference activity and activity defined by algorithm. This study proposes a simple algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis. Its accuracy is as high as that obtained using a statistical approach.
Internal Mammary Nodal Metastases From Breast Cancer Detected by Scintimammography
Authors: PARTHA SINHA, PETER P. LAI, CHANDIN GUHA, JOSEPHINE CHO, LEONARD M. FREEMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 55-year-old woman had a lump in her left breast, which on biopsy proved to be infiltrating ductal carcinoma. She was treated with excisional biopsy and axillary dissection, and all 16 lymph nodes removed were negative for cancer. She received 60.8 Gy external beam radiotherapy to her breast and was followed by yearly mammography. Her third mammogram showed a mass. Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography at this point showed mild to moderately increased uptake in the mass and in the anterior mediastinum. CT scanning confirmed the presence of a mediastinal mass, which fine needle aspiration cytology proved to be metastatic breast cancer. Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography helped to identify the extent of the recurrent disease in the left breast and mediastinum, which otherwise would have been undetected and the patient would have had a mastectomy.