tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Maximally Attained Level of Pulmonary Function
Authors: Xiaobin Wang, Tjeert T. Mensinga, Jan P. Schouten, Bert Rijcken, Scott T. Weiss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

This study investigated the determinants of sex-specific maximally attained levels of FEV(1), VC, and the ratio of FEV(1) to VC. Subjects were between the ages of 15 and 35 years (1,818 males and 1,732 females), participating in the Vlagtwedde/Vlaardingen study in The Netherlands. The subjects were followed (3-year intervals) with questionnaire, spirometry, peripheral blood eosinophil counts, and testing for airway responsiveness to histamine. Skin tests were performed only at study onset. Regression splines were used to assess the effects of these variables on levels of FEV(1), VC, and the ratio of FEV(1) to VC, with adjustment for age, height, and area of residence. Current (-44 ml/pack/day) and cumulative (-85 ml/10 packs/year) cigarette smoking were significant predictors of reduced maximal level of FEV(1) in males but not in females. The presence of respiratory symptoms (-114 ml in males, -106 ml in females), increased eosinophils (-128 ml [males], -53 ml [females]), and increased airway responsiveness (-225 ml [males], -213 ml [females]) were all significant predictors of reduced level of FEV(1). To the degree that these factors diminished plateau phase pulmonary function, they may be important predictors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in later life.
James Thacher, M.D. (1754–1844)
Authors: Charles H. Bradford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

ONE of the most cherished among the rare paintings owned by the Countway Library is the appealing portrait of James Thacher, M.D. Appealing? some critics might remark with a rising inflection. Yes, appealing, because of the very qualities that only fine art can depict. The portrait's charm lies in its conscious avoidance of charm —in its homeliness, if you will. Not pretentious, not in the least handsome, it catches the eyes with an expression that is sympathetic, sincere, and human in every feature.The reason for mentioning Thacher's portrait, however, is not its artistic merits. It is the man, not . . .
Inhaled formoterol in the prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children.
Authors: A L Boner, E Spezia, P Piovesan, E Chiocca, G Maiocchi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The duration and magnitude of the effect of inhaled formoterol (12 micrograms) against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) was compared with that of inhaled salbutamol (200 micrograms) and that of placebo in 15 children with asthma and EIB in a double-blind, double-dummy, within-patient, placebo-controlled study. The treatments were given by metered dose aerosol on three different days. The exercise test was performed at the 3rd and the 12th hour after dosing. The magnitude of the blocking effect was assessed both by evaluating the lowest FEV1 reading obtained within an hour after each exercise test and by considering the percent decrease below the baseline FEV1 measured before drug administration. Comparison of the lowest values obtained during the hour after each exercise test shows that formoterol was significantly better than both salbutamol (p = 0.022), and placebo (p = 0.001) in limiting exercise-induced bronchoconstriction after the first exercise test (3 h after dosing), while no difference was observed between salbutamol and placebo (p = 0.198). After the second exercise test (12 h after dosing), formoterol again proved to be more effective than both salbutamol (p = 0.008) and placebo (p = 0.001), and no significant difference was observed between salbutamol and placebo (p = 0.391). The evaluation of the mean percentage decrease in FEV1 confirmed the results in favor of formoterol in both the exercise tests. No adverse effects were reported in any treatment group. The protection against EIB is significantly more prolonged after formoterol than after salbutamol, and persists for 12 h after dosing.
Kaposi's Sarcoma and Immunoblastic Sarcoma in the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Robert A. Figlin
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is being recognized with increasing frequency. The epidemiology of this syndrome suggests a horizontally transmissible agent. The spectrum of opportunistic infections observed in these patients is well documented.<sup>1</sup>A higher incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma as well as squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity, cloacogenic carcinoma of the rectum, primary lymphomas of the brain, and systemic Burkitt's-like lymphomas has been noted.<sup>2,3</sup>We now describe a patient with AIDS who experienced both Kaposi's sarcoma and B-cell immunoblastic sarcoma. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 31-year-old homosexual man was admitted to UCLA Medical Center with a two-month history of an enlarging right mandibular mass. The patient denied parenteral drug abuse. Medical history included an episode of localized varicella zoster, syphilis, and multiple episodes of gonorrhea. Eight months before admission, the patient noted the eruption of multiple, raised, reddish-brown lesions on his extremities, face,
Checkpoint-apoptosis uncoupling in human and mouse embryonic stem cells: a source of karyotpic instability
Authors: Charlie Mantel, Ying Guo, Man Ryul Lee, Min-Kyoung Kim, Myung-Kwan Han, Hirohiko Shibayama, Seiji Fukuda, Mervin C. Yoder, Louis M. Pelus, Kye-Seong Kim, Hal E. Broxmeyer
Journal: Blood (2007)
Organochlorine Exposure and Incidence of Diabetes in a Cohort of Great Lakes Sport Fish Consumers
Authors: Mary Turyk, Henry Anderson, Lynda Knobeloch, Pamela Imm, Victoria Persky
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundStudies have demonstrated ubiquitous human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as p,p′-diphenyldichloroethene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Although there is considerable evidence that POP exposures are associated with prevalent diabetes, these studies do not establish causality because the cross-sectional study design does not allow for assessment of temporality of the exposure–disease association. Prospective studies, however, have been lacking.ObjectivesThis study was designed to determine whether POP body burdens are related to incidence of diabetes in a cohort of Great Lakes sport fish consumers.MethodsThe cohort was established in the early 1990s and followed through 2005. We tested serum for DDE and PCB congeners and assessed diabetes diagnosis, demographics, and fish consumption. Associations of diabetes with exposures were examined prospectively in participants without diabetes in 1994–1995, followed through 2005. Annual percent changes in DDE and PCB-132/153 from 1994 to 2005 were examined by diabetes status.ResultsDDE exposure was associated with incident diabetes. Incident diabetes was not associated with mono-ortho PCB-118, total PCBs, or years of sport fish consumption. Annual percent change in DDE and PCB-132/153 did not differ significantly by diabetes status.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates an association between DDE exposure and incident diabetes. The findings of an association of DDE with incident diabetes and the lack of effect of diabetes on annual percent change in POPs do not support the hypothesis that associations of POPs with diabetes are attributable to reverse causality. Additional studies should address the biological pathways by which DDE could affect glucose homeostasis.
Marcello Malpighi, Physician and Scientist
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A triumph of American scholarship, this massive study<sup>1</sup>of Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694) represents an achievement truly stupendous. Actually the work comprises several monographs held together by inner logic. The central core is the embryological discoveries of Malpighi, but to make the analysis meaningful, Adelmann has constructed a vast framework. Realizing that no work can be understood apart from its environment, the author placed Malpighi in a historical context of tremendous scope and thereby contributes profoundly to our understanding of the 17th century. Since Adelmann wants the reader to have direct acquaintance with the first-hand records, he aimed to make these records "accessible and comprehensible." He presents the sources to provide "not only illumination at the focus but also a diffusion of light from it in all directions." To achieve his goal Adelmann has combed virtually every record which bears on the life of Malpighi— his published works and those of
A Plea for the Condom, Especially for Teenagers
Authors: Yehudi M. Felman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

DURING the past two decades, a revolution has taken place in contraceptive use in this country. The diaphragm and the condom, mainstays of contraception until the advent of the pill, have gradually fallen into disfavor among increasingly wide segments of the population who prefer the more modern and convenient oral contraceptive or the intrauterine devices (IUDs). Although condom sales have actually risen in the past ten years, its use among teenagers has declined.<sup>1</sup>The net effect of these developments has been to increase dramatically the number of persons using some form of effective contraception. Nevertheless, in calendar year 1976 there were 588,744 pregnancies in teenagers between the ages of 15 and 19 years that were carried to term in the United States,<sup>2</sup>an all-time high; 231,734 legal abortions were performed in this same age group.<sup>3</sup>Furthermore, despite easy and, until recently, free-of-cost access to abortion since the
Heat research guides current practices in professional tennis
Authors: Todd S Ellenbecker, Kathleen A Stroia
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Professional tennis places extraordinary demands on elite tennis players. Previously published profiles characterise the inherent physiological demands of tennis play and the adaptations incurred by elite-level tennis players. These include the requirement of repeated maximal level exertions during points with average durations ranging between 2 and >8 s depending on the match surface and player's gender.1 ,2 Match durations of greater than 5 h can be encountered. During these matches, a work rest ratio of 1 : 2 is reported with movement demands requiring a mean of three shots, 4.2 directional changes and an average distance of 3 m is required to optimally position the body for shot production and execution. All of this can occur during extreme environmental temperatures played in outdoor stadiums and tennis facilities.

Several previous studies have profiled the body core temperature responses during competition as well as estimated sweat rates (1 to over 3.5 L/h) from elite-level tennis players during matches in challenging thermal environmental conditions.3 ,4 Core body temperatures …
Bile salt inhibition of motility in the isolated perfused rabbit terminal ileum.
Authors: D N Armstrong, H K Krenz, I M Modlin, G H Ballantyne
Journal: Gut (1993)

The effects of bile on small bowel motility were studied in isolated, perfused rabbit terminal ileum. It was proposed that bile delivery into the distal ileum would inhibit ileal motor activity, by peptide YY (PYY) release and therefore the effect of luminal bile on motor activity was examined and PYY release measured. Luminal bile and taurocheodeoxycholic acid (10 mmol) inhibited ileal motor activity. Arterial infusion of venous effluents from a bile inhibited ileum suppressed motor activity in a second isolated ileum. This shows the presence of a humoral inhibitor of ileal motor activity. Luminal bile increased venous PYY concentrations (42.5 (8.5) to 502 (46.2) pmol/l; p < 0.01) and increased bile salt values (1.7 (0.36) to 88.6 (5.6) 10 mumol/l/l; p < 0.005). Arterial infusion of taurocheodeoxycholic acid at concentrations found in the venous effluent (100 mumol/l/l) suppressed motility (p < 0.001) but infusion of PYY at concentrations in the venous effluent (500.0 pmol/l) failed to inhibit motility. Furthermore, PYY antagonist, PYX 1, failed to reverse the bile induced inhibition of motility. Luminal bile salts inhibit terminal ileal motility and this is independent of PYY release. By slowing motility, bile salts may participate in their own absorption by the 'ileal pump' and in the 'ileal brake' mechanism.
The Effect of Information Presentation on Beliefs About the Benefits of Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Michael B. Rothberg, Laura Scherer, Mohammad Amin Kashef, Megan Coylewright, Henry H. Ting, Bo Hu, Brian J. Zikmund-Fisher
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> For stable angina, the benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are limited to symptom relief, but patients often believe that PCI prevents myocardial infarction (MI). Whether presenting accurate information about the benefits of PCI would dispel these beliefs remains unknown. We hypothesized that explanatory information would be more effective for influencing volunteers' beliefs. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the effect of explicit and explanatory information on participants' beliefs about PCI and their willingness to choose it. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> We conducted a randomized trial in 2012 among adults older than 50 years living in the general community. We recruited participants using the Internet. <h3>Interventions</h3> Participants read 1 of 3 scenarios in which they experienced class I angina and were referred to a cardiologist. The cardiologist provided no information about the effects of PCI on MI risk, a specific statement that PCI does not reduce MI risk, or an explanation of why PCI does not reduce MI risk. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Participants' beliefs about the benefit of PCI and choice of PCI and medication. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1257 participants (90.0%) completed the survey; 54.5% chose PCI. Compared with those receiving explicit and explanatory information, those receiving no information were most likely to believe that PCI prevents MI (71.0% vs 38.7% vs 30.6%, respectively;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), most likely to choose PCI (69.4% vs 48.7% vs 45.7%, respectively;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), and least likely to agree to medication therapy (83.1% vs 87.4% vs 92.3%, respectively;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Across the entire sample, the decision to have PCI was strongly correlated with the belief that PCI would prevent MI (odds ratio, 5.82 [95% CI, 4.13-8.26]) and that the participant would feel less worried (odds ratio, 5.36 [95% CI, 3.87-7.45]), but was not associated with how much participants were limited by symptoms. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In the setting of mild, stable angina, most people assume PCI prevents MI and are likely to choose it. Explicit information can partially overcome that bias and influence decision making. Explanatory information was the most effective intervention in overcoming this bias.
Multiple myeloma associated with serum amino acid disturbance and high output cardiac failure
Authors: Noriomi Kuribayashi, Hiromitsu Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki Hata, Minoru Yoshida, Takashi Sonoki, Akitoshi Nagasaki, Tatsuya Kimura, Kazufumi Okamoto, Mitsurou Kurose, Hiroyuki Tsuda, Kiyoshi Takatsuki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

We experienced a plasma cell leukemia (PCL) patient complicated with high output cardiac failure (HOCF), proved as his elevated cardiac index and pulmonary artery wedge pressure and decreased systemic vascular resistance index in a hemodynamic study. We found no possible causes of HOCF. Interestingly, HOCF was improved as PCL responded to intensive chemotherapy. On the other hand, he showed consciousness disturbance, and had frequent attacks of generalized seizure. His electroencephalogram showed slow waves, and a spike and wave complex. Hyperammonemia and abnormal amino acid distribution were also found. This abnormal serum amino acid distribution, especially elevated glycine level, was different from that seen in chronic liver failure, and he had no hepatic disease. After intensive chemotherapy, the serum ammonia level and glycine level decreased. In this patient, PCL seemed to be responsible for HOCF, hyperammonemia, and abnormal amino acid distribution. We experienced two more cases of multiple myeloma (MM) with HOCF, hyperammonemia, abnormal serum amino acid distribution, and consciousness disturbance of unknown origin. Those two cases showed slow waves in the electroencephalogram. Improvement was seen in their HOCF, hyperammonemia, and abnormal amino acid levels after chemotherapy. The possibility of MM as a cause of HOCF is discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 57:77–81, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Abstract 1037: Effects of stimulary GTP binding protein on the expression of histone deacetylase 6 and 8
Authors: Jeong Ah Lim, Ji-Yeon Park, Yong-Sung Juhnn
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Stimulatory heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (Gαs protein) is one of the four families of α subunit in G proteins, and stimulates cAMP production. Gαs protein is involved in many cellular signaling pathways, and regulates various cellular metabolism and gene expression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are the enzymes that perform epigenetic regulation of gene expression by removing of acetyl groups from histones. The HDAC family is composed of 18 proteins, and belongs to two major families: the zinc-dependent HDACs (class I, II, and IV), and NAD-dependent (sirtuins-like class III). Human class I HDACs include HDAC1, 2, 3 and 8, and human class II HDACs include HDAC4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10. Thus we analyzed the effect of Gαs on the expression of HDAC isoforms and its underlying molecular mechanism in H1299 human lung cancer cells. We found the expression of HDAC6 and HDAC8 isoforms were increased by the overexpression of the constitutively active Gαs proteins (GαsQL). The levels of HDAC6 and HDAC8 mRNA were increased following GαsQL expression. Treatment with forskolin also increased HDAC6 and HDAC8 levels, and treatment with H89 inhibited the increase in HDAC6 and HDAC8 levels induced by GαsQL. Furthermore, prostaglandin E2, a Gαs activating signal, also increased in HDAC8 levels. The increased expression of HDAC6 through this signaling pathway caused a decrease in acetylation level of α-tubulin. From these results, it is concluded that Gαs-cAMP signaling pathway augments HDAC6 and HDAC8 expression in H1299 lung cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1037. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1037
Comparing the Costs of Radiation Therapy and Radical Prostatectomy for the Initial Treatment of Early-Stage Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jeffrey H. Burkhardt, Mark S. Litwin, Christopher M. Rose, Roy J. Correa, Jonathan H. Sunshine, Christopher Hogan, James A. Hayman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiation are the most common treatments for localized prostate cancer. Given the absence of clinical consensus in favor of one treatment or the other, relative costs may be a significant factor. This study compares the direct medical costs during the month before and 9 months after diagnosis for patients treated primarily with external-beam radiation or radical prostatectomy for early-stage prostate cancer. METHODS: Patients age 65 or older and coded by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry as having been diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated primarily with external-beam radiation or radical prostatectomy during 1992 and 1993 were identified. The initial treatment costs, as measured by Medicare-approved payment amounts, for each strategy were analyzed using linked SEER-Medicare claims data after adjusting for differences in comorbidity and age. An intent-to-treat analysis was also performed to adjust for differences in staging between the two groups. RESULTS: For patients in the treatment-received analysis, the average costs were significantly different; $14,048 (95% confidence interval [CI], $13,765 to $14,330) for radiation therapy and $17,226 (95% CI, $16,891 to $17,560) for radical prostatectomy (P &lt; .001). The average costs for patients in the intent-to-treat analysis were also significantly less for radiation therapy patients ($14,048; 95% CI, $13,765 to $14,330) than for those who underwent radical prostatectomy ($17,516; 95% CI, $17,195 to $17,837; P &lt; .001). CONCLUSION: For patients with early-stage prostate cancer, average costs during the initial treatment interval were at least 23% greater for radical prostatectomy than for external-beam radiation. Major limitations of the research include not studying costs after the initial treatment interval and questionable current applicability, given changes in management of early prostate cancer.
Abstract 3517: Epigenetic interactive regulation and synergistic action of Trichostatin A, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and Cisplatin in ovarian cancer
Authors: Fanliang Meng, Guigin Sun, Mei Zhong, Yanhong Yu, Molly A. Brewer
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relationship between histone modification, DNA methylation and DNA damage repair response that occur in platinum resistant ovarian cancer cell lines treated with epigenetic modifiers in combination with low dose chemotherapy to develop new approaches for chemotherapy resistant ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods: We selected two common epigenetic modifiers Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (decitabine), a demethylating agent which were evaluated alone and in combination with low dose Cisplatin for their tumorigencity in SCID mice and their spheroid formation in serum-free medium with two ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and Hey. We also measured the effect of these drugs on tumor suppression pathways, AKT pathway, and expression of cadherins as well as histone modification. Results: All combinations of TSA, decitabine and Cisplatin inhibited both tumorigenicity and spheroid formation in both cell lines with Hey exhibiting more resistance to treatment. E-cadherin expression was suppressed in SKOV3 cells while N-caderin expression was suppressed in Hey cells with both TSA and Cisplatin and decitabine and Cisplatin. In the Hey cell line, p53 expression was increased by sequential treatment with low dose decitabine and low dose cisplatin and by low dose TSA and low dose cisplatin. The profiling of histone code revealed distinctly different chromatin regulation between Hey cells and SKOV3 cells. The expression patterns and characteristics of cell adhesion, mutiple-drug transporter, apoptosis are distinctly different in these two ovarian cancer cell lines, which may be due to the different origins and stages of these cell lines. Conclusions: The combinations of decitabine, TSA and Cisplatin suppressed the formation and growth of xenograft and tumor spheroid, altered the molecular mechanism of cell adhesion, chemosensitivity, and chromatin modification which may provide a new and promising treatment strategy for chemoresistant ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3517. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3517