tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Consultation: An Approach to Learning and Teaching
Authors: William A. Norcross
Journal: JAMA (1985)

"The consultation is the central act of medicine, and as such, it deserves to be understood." So begins chapter 1 of the excellent text,<i>The Consultation: An Approach to Learning and Teaching</i>. To the British, the word "consultation" refers to the medical interview, rather than to the solicited report of a medical subspecialist. This book is designed to improve medical interviewing skills for primary care personnel at all levels of training: undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing medical education. The text is well written, succinct, well organized, and comprehensive. Those looking for a simple "cookbook" approach to medical interviewing should not purchase this book, but those who are interested in developing their interviewing skills or the skills of the practitioners they teach would do well to read it. The first few chapters lay the theoretical groundwork for an understanding of the medical consultation. This includes a brief review of the general approaches
Huguenot Refugee Doctors in England
Authors: Henry R. Viets
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE Huguenot Society of London, for more than seventy years, has meticulously collected data regarding the thousands of Protestants from France and the Low Countries who took refuge in England throughout the two hundred years between the Reformation and the suppression of reformed religion in France. There were two main periods of large-scale immigration: the first, in the mid-sixteenth century, corresponding with the attempt to eradicate Protestantism from the Netherlands and following the massacre of St. Bartholomew's Eve in Paris (1572); and the second, before and immediately after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. During the hundred . . .
Airway Responsiveness in Mild to Moderate Childhood Asthma
Authors: Kelan G. Tantisira, Ryan Colvin, James Tonascia, Robert C. Strunk, Scott T. Weiss, Anne L. Fuhlbrigge
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Airway responsiveness is a prognostic marker for asthma symptoms in later life.To evaluate characteristics responsible for persistence of airway responsiveness in children with asthma.A total of 1,041 children, initially aged 5-12 years, with mild to moderate persistent asthma enrolled in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) were studied prospectively for 8.6 +/- 1.8 years with methacholine challenges yearly.Least squares geometric mean models were fit to determine effects of sex and age on airway responsiveness (provocative concentration producing 20% decrease in FEV(1) [PC(20)]). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine factors at baseline and over time, which were associated with PC(20) at end of follow-up. A total of 7,748 methacholine challenges were analyzed. PC(20) increased with age, with boys having greater increase after age 11 years than girls (P < 0.001). The divergence coincided with the mean age for Tanner stage 2. Postpubertal girls had greater airway responsiveness, even after adjustment for FEV(1) and other potential confounders. Although multivariable regression analyses noted a variety of factors that influenced airway responsivness in both sexes, a history of hay fever (beta= -0.30, P = 0.005), respiratory allergy (beta= -0.32, P = 0.006), or recent inhaled corticosteroid usage (beta= -0.18, P = 0.02) were associated with decrements in final log PC(20) only in girls.Airway responsiveness (PC(20)) is more severe in the postpubertal female with asthma than in males. Although there are factors associated with airway responsiveness in both males and females, sex-specific factors may contribute to new insights into asthma pathogenesis.
Abstract LB-392: <i>JunB and cJun dependent PDGFRβ expression reveals imatinib/nilotinib treatment as effective therapeutic strategy for ALK driven lymphomas.</i>
Authors: Ana Iris Schiefer, Lukas Kenner
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) are frequent non Hodgkin Lymphomas of T-cell origin, comprising 40% of all non-Hodgkin Lymphomas of childhood and 2–8% of adulthood. Half of the cases are associated with a t(2;5) translocation, leading to the fusion of NPM gene and ALK tyrosine kinase, resulting in its constitutive activation. The AP-1 transcription factors JunB and cJun are downstream effectors of NPM-ALK. To investigate the role of JunB and cJun in NPM-ALK mediated tumorgenesis, we used a murine NPM-ALK T- cell lymphoma model in which the conditional deletion of JunB and cJun was selectively restricted to CD4+ T lymphocytes. Loss of JunB and cJun in transgenic T cells resulted in significantly increased disease latency and doubled the mean survival rate. We identified PDGFRβ as direct target of cJun and JunB. These transcription factors directly bind to a highly conserved AP-1 site within the promoter region of PDGFRβ and activate its transcription in vitro. We further investigated the effects of PDGFRβ inhibition in NPM-ALK xenografts and in a murine NPM-ALK T-cell lymphoma model using the kinase inhibitors imatinib and nilotinib. Treated xenografts showed significant smaller tumor masses, CD4-NPM-ALK mice displayed a drastic increase in mean survival rate. Based on these very promising data we even had the chance to check effects of imatinib therapy in a patient with relapsed ALK+ ALCL. After treatment with six cycles CHOP, one cycle ICE, allogenic stem cell transplantation with previous conditioning with BEAM, he received imatinib. Within one week of therapy lymph nodes regressed and B-symptoms declined. A PET-CT revealed complete remission two weeks after imatinib initiation. In summary, these data demonstrate a pathogenic role of JunB/cJun as well as PDGFRβ in NPM-ALK mediated lymphomagenesis. Our study encourages the development of specific clinical trials for human ALCLs using tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-392. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-392
Angiographic demonstration of intrahepatic termination of left gastric vein: a venous anomaly.
Authors: N H Strickland, P Dawson
Journal: Gut (1992)

<h3>Objective</h3> To determine if observational studies examining the association of wholegrain foods with cardiovascular disease (CVD) with food industry sponsorship and/or authors with conflicts of interest (COI) with the food industry are more likely to have results and/or conclusions that are favourable to industry than those with no industry ties, and to determine whether studies with industry ties differ in their risk of bias compared with studies with no industry ties. <h3>Design</h3> Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. <h3>Data sources</h3> We searched eight databases from 1997 to 2017 and hand searched the reference lists of included studies. <h3>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies</h3> Cohort and case–control studies that quantitatively examined the association of wholegrains or wholegrain foods with CVD outcomes in healthy adults or children. <h3>Results</h3> 21 of the 22 studies had a serious or critical risk of bias. Studies with industry ties more often had favourable results compared with those with no industry ties, but the Confidence Interval (CI) was wide, Risk Ratio (RR)=1.44 (95% CI 0.88 to 2.35). The same association was found for study conclusions. We did not find a difference in effect size (magnitude of RRs) between studies with industry ties, RR=0.77 (95% CI 0.58 to 1.01) and studies with no industry ties, RR=0.85 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.00) (p=0.50) I<sup>2</sup> 0%. These results were comparable for studies that measured the magnitude using Hazard Ratios (HR); industry ties HR=0.82 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.88) versus no industry ties HR=0.86 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.91) (p=0.34) I<sup>2</sup> 0%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We did not establish that the presence of food industry sponsorship or authors with a COI with the food industry was associated with results or conclusions that favour industry sponsors. The association of food industry sponsorship or authors with a COI with the food industry and favourable results or conclusions is uncertain. However, our analysis was hindered by the low level of COI disclosure in the included studies. Our findings support international reforms to improve the disclosure and management of COI in nutrition research. Without such disclosures, it will not be possible to determine if the results of nutrition research are free of food industry influences and potential biases. <h3>PROSPERO registration number</h3> CRD42017055841.
Recurrent perforation of the ileum
Authors: J. D. Cormack, M. A. Melsom, J. G. Winwick
Journal: Gut (1970)

Ulceration of the small intestine is rare, perforation of such ulcers is also rare, and repeated perforation is still rarer. A case with this history is presented, and the aetiology of such cases briefly discussed, as the current literature gives a varied emphasis regarding the important causes of ulceration of the small intestine.
Prevalence and Presentation of Lactose Intolerance and Effects on Dairy Product Intake in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Jianfeng Yang, Yanyong Deng, Hua Chu, Yanqun Cong, Jianmin Zhao, Daniel Pohl, Benjamin Misselwitz, Michael Fried, Ning Dai, Mark Fox
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Transport of ammonia in the rabbit cortical collecting tubule.
Authors: L L Hamm, D Trigg, D Martin, C Gillespie, J Buerkert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Nonionic diffusion and diffusion equilibrium of ammonia have been generally accepted as the mechanism of urinary ammonium excretion. However, these characteristics have not been examined directly in vitro. In the present studies, nonionic diffusion and diffusion equilibrium of ammonia were examined in rabbit cortical collecting tubules perfused in vitro. Collected fluid ammonium and pH were measured in tubules exposed to chemical gradients of NH3/NH+4. In tubules perfused with an acid perfusate free of ammonia and bathed with solutions containing NH4Cl, collected fluid ammonia failed to equilibrate across the epithelium except at slow flow rates. The estimated apparent permeability coefficient to NH3 was approximately 5 X 10(-3) cm/s. Predominant nonionic diffusion of NH3, rather than transport of NH+4, was indicated by alkalinization of luminal fluid in tubules exposed to peritubular NH4Cl and by the relative influence of peritubular NH+4 and NH3 on ammonia entry. In tubules perfused with an acid solution containing NH4Cl, little loss of ammonium was detectable, indicating a low permeability to NH+4. In contrast to the restricted diffusion of NH3 in cortical collecting tubules, proximal convoluted tubules exhibited a much higher apparent permeability to NH3. In conclusion, nonionic diffusion of NH3 accounted for most ammonium transport in the proximal convoluted tubule and in the cortical collecting tubule. However, there was relatively restricted diffusion in the collecting tubules; this may account for the failure of whole kidney ammonium excretion to obey quantitatively the predictions of nonionic diffusion and diffusion equilibrium of ammonia.
Apparent Failure in Endocarditis Prophylaxis
Authors: Joseph Golbus
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  The article by Durack et al reports 52 cases of apparent endocarditis prophylaxis failure. Two of their conclusions we found particularly interesting. First, endocarditis prevention failures are not rare. Second, failure of attempted endocarditis prophylaxis may occur even when the organism is sensitive in vitro to the antibiotic used. In 63% of their reported cases for which antimicrobial susceptibility data were available, the infecting organism was susceptible to the antibiotic used for prophylaxis. While most patients received prophylaxis regimens now regarded as inadequate, five patients infected with viridans streptococci received a recommended American Heart Association antibiotic regimen as prophylaxis. Four of those strains were susceptible to the antibiotic given. In one strain, the sensitivity pattern was unknown. It is not clear, however, by which method susceptibility was determined. This becomes very important when considering the concept of tolerance.  Tolerant organisms are those that are inhibited at standard
Spatiotemporal unit formation
Authors: Thomas F. Shipley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Findings in dynamic unit formation suggest that completion processes reflect the optics of our world. Dynamic unit formation may depend on patterns of motion signals that are consistent with the causes of optical changes. In addition, dynamic completion conforms to a local curvature minimization constraint. Such relational aspects of vision are important to consider in linking perceptual experience and neural activity.
Laparoscopic surgery was more effective than medical management for chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Kalpesh Jani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Grant A, Wileman S, Ramsay C, et al. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of minimal access surgery amongst people with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease—a UK collaborative study. The REFLUX trial. Health Technol Assess. 2008;12:1-181. 18796263
PRS-02: Gefitinib (IRESSA) versus docetaxel in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer pre-treated with platinum-based chemotherapy: a randomized, open-label Phase III study (INTEREST)
Authors: Jean-Yves Douillard, Edward Kim, Vera Hirsh, Tony Mok, Mark Socinski, Radj Gervais, Yi-Long Wu, Longyun Li, Mark Sellers, Elizabeth Lowe
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Protective efficacy of standard Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccination in infants aged 4.5 months: interim analysis of a randomised clinical trial
Authors: C. L Martins, M.-L. Garly, C. Bale, A. Rodrigues, H. Ravn, H. C Whittle, I. M Lisse, P. Aaby
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the protective efficacy of measles vaccination in infants in a low income country before 9 months of age. <b>Design</b> Randomised clinical trial. <b>Participants</b> 1333 infants aged 4.5 months: 441 in treatment group and 892 in control group. <b>Setting</b> Urban area in Guinea-Bissau. <b>Intervention</b> Measles vaccination using standard titre Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine at 4.5 months of age. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Vaccine efficacy against measles infection, admission to hospital for measles, and measles mortality before standard vaccination at 9 months of age. <b>Results</b> 28% of the children tested at 4.5 months of age had protective levels of maternal antibodies against measles at enrolment. After early vaccination against measles 92% had measles antibodies at 9 months of age. A measles outbreak offered a unique situation for testing the efficacy of early measles vaccination. During the outbreak, 96 children developed measles; 19% of unvaccinated children had measles before 9 months of age. The monthly incidence of measles among the 441 children enrolled in the treatment arm was 0.7% and among the 892 enrolled in the control arm was 3.1%. Early vaccination with the Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine prevented infection; vaccine efficacy for children with serologically confirmed measles and definite clinical measles was 94% (95% confidence interval 77% to 99%), for admissions to hospital for measles was 100% (46% to 100%), and for measles mortality was 100% (−42% to 100%). The number needed to treat to prevent one case of measles between ages 4.5 months and 9 months during the epidemic was 7.2 (6.8 to 9.2). The treatment group tended to have lower overall mortality (mortality rate ratio 0.18, 0.02 to 1.36) although this was not significant. <b>Conclusions</b> In low income countries, maternal antibody levels against measles may be low and severe outbreaks of measles can occur in infants before the recommended age of vaccination at 9 months. Outbreaks of measles may be curtailed by measles vaccination using the Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine as early as 4.5 months of age. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical Trials NCT00168558 [ClinicalTrials.gov].
Response of the Physiologic Gastroesophageal Sphincter to Increased Intra-abdominal Pressure *
Authors: Guido Van Derstappen, E. Clinton Texter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

A zone of increased intraluminal pressure in- terposed between the tubular esophagus and pre- sumed to be due to tonically contracted circular muscle fibers was described by Fyke, Code, and Schlegel (1) in 1956.Frequently only the nar- row abdominal portion of this sphincter imposes a pressure barrier between the gastric and esopha- geal lumina when the pleuroperitoneal pressure gradient is increased (2)(3)(4)(5)(6).Reflux in patients with sliding hiatal hernia has been attributed to the upward displacement of the sphincter and the absence of the abdominal segment (7, 8).Although there is agreement concerning the importance of the compression effect of increased intra-abdominal pressure during inspiration in the maintenance of sphincter competency, the role of the diaphragmatic crura remains controversial.Monges (9) showed that a balloon filled with radiopaque liquid in the esophagogastric area is compressed during deep inspiration in a ring-like fashion that he attributed to right crural contrac- tion.Our studies were designed to contrast the effects of passive abdominal compression and deep inspiration on intraluminal pressure and pH and thereby to differentiate a crural (pinchcock) ac- tion from a dome (intra-abdominal pressure) ac- tion of the diaphragm. Methods and Materials
International patterns in the care of acute myocardial infarction patients in the occluded artery trial (OAT): Characteristics of 1,835 screened patients
Authors: Michael Ragosta, Aldo P. Maggioni, Lampros K. Michalis, Irene Lang, Antonio C. Carvalho, Krystyna Loboz-Grudzien, Gerry Devlin, Gilmar Reis, Peter Merciar, Sandra Forman, Gervasio A. Lamas, Judith S. Hochman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Robotically assisted left ventricular epicardial lead implantation for biventricular pacing
Authors: Joseph J. DeRose, Robert C. Ashton, Scott Belsley, Daniel G. Swistel, Margot Vloka, Frederick Ehlert, Roxana Shaw, Jonathan Sackner-Bernstein, Zak Hillel, Jonathan S. Steinberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The gatekeeper mutation T315I confers resistance against small molecules by increasing or restoring the ABL-kinase activity accompanied by aberrant transphosphorylation of endogenous BCR, even in loss-of-function mutants of BCR/ABL
Authors: A A Mian, M Schüll, Z Zhao, C Oancea, A Hundertmark, T Beissert, O G Ottmann, M Ruthardt
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Causes of death in sickle-cell disease in Jamaica.
Authors: A N Thomas, C Pattison, G R Serjeant
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A review of the causes of death in 276 patients with sickle-cell disease showed that although the greatest mortality occurred in the first five years of life, roughly one-quarter were aged over 30. Commonest causes of death in the first ten years included acute splenic sequestration, septicaemia, meningitis, aplastic crises, and gastroenteritis. In older patients cerebrovascular accidents and renal failure became common. The acute chest syndrome affected all age groups about equally but appeared to result predominantly from infection in the young and embolism or thrombosis in the old.
Pachydermoperiostosis: scintigraphic, thermographic, plethysmographic, and capillaroscopic observations.
Authors: A G Fam, H Chin-Sang, C A Ramsay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

How is speech understood despite the lack of a deterministic relationship between the sounds reaching auditory cortex and what we perceive? One possibility is that unheard words that are unconsciously activated in association with listening context are used to constrain interpretation. We hypothesized that a mechanism for doing so involves reusing the ability of the brain to predict the sensory effects of speaking associated words. Predictions are then compared to signals arriving in auditory cortex, resulting in reduced processing demands when accurate. Indeed, we show that sensorimotor brain regions are more active prior to words predictable from listening context. This activity resembles lexical and speech production related processes and, specifically, subsequent but still unpresented words. When those words occur, auditory cortex activity is reduced, through feedback connectivity. In less predictive contexts, activity patterns and connectivity for the same words are markedly different. Results suggest that the brain reorganizes to actively use knowledge about context to construct the speech we hear, enabling rapid and accurate comprehension despite acoustic variability.
Inner speech and the meeting of the minds
Authors: William Frawley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Four extensions of Carruthers’ arguments are given. (1) Specifics of the Vygotskyan tradition can enhance his claims. (2) Linguistic relativity might be seen as variation in how logical form (LF) and phonetic form (PF)serve working memory. (3) Language aids intermodular thinking because it makes representations maximally visible. (4) Language for intermodular thinking is not hardwired but opportunistic.
Influence of surfactant components and exposure geometry on the effects of quartz and asbestos on alveolar macrophages.
Authors: J Schimmelpfeng, E Drosselmeyer, V Hofheinz, A Seidel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Bovine (BAM) and rat (RAM) alveolar macrophages were incubated in vitro with DQ12 quartz or UICC chrysotile asbestos either alone or in the presence of dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPL). The reaction of the cells of both species to the untreated dust particles was similar qualitatively and quantitatively, with a loss of viability and release of lactate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase after 20 hr of incubation. In the presence of DPL, the toxicity of quartz to BAM disappeared completely, whereas the protective influence of the phospholipid was distinctly diminished in the case of RAM. The presence of lavage fluid was less effective than that of pure DPL. There was no protective influence of DPL with asbestos either for BAM or for RAM. The effects of phagocytizable, suspended quartz particles were compared with the effects of the same type of particles fixed on a glass surface to exclude the possibility of phagocytosis. The effect of the suspended particles on the viability and release of enzymes was more pronounced than that of the fixed particles. On the other hand, superoxide anion production was stimulated to a much higher degree by the fixed quartz particles. This could be explained by the continuing contact of the outer cell membrane with the silica surfaces, whereas free particles were rapidly phagocytized. The release of lysosomal enzymes induced by fixed quartz particles was a secondary phenomenon following cell death.