tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reflecting and Regrouping After Failed Trials, Sepsis Researchers Forge On
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

BEDEVILED in recent years by well-publicized disappointments in clinical trials of anti-sepsis agents, researchers are regrouping and rethinking their approach to the complex problem of sepsis. "We've had tremendous disappointments in the past," noted Roger Bone, MD, president and chief executive officer of the Medical College of Ohio in Toledo. "There have been a number of drugs that worked like gangbusters in animal trials, but they haven't done anything worthwhile in humans." But despite these setbacks, a number of sepsis researchers gathered at a recent meeting in Washington, DC, expressed optimism that continued attempts to understand the pathophysiology of sepsis and learn from past mistakes will ultimately pay off in new ways to treat the condition. Such discoveries would be heartily welcomed by critical care physicians. Sepsis kills about 100 000 of the 400 000 or so patients in the United States who develop the syndrome each year. And in
Is It Time for a Tobacco-free Military?
Authors: Elizabeth A. Smith, Sara A. Jahnke, Walker S.C. Poston, Larry N. Williams, Christopher K. Haddock, Steven A. Schroeder, Ruth E. Malone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Achieving a tobacco-free military requires rethinking current perceptions of service members' tobacco use and unmasking the forces perpetuating those perceptions. Prohibiting tobacco use would be entirely consistent with other military requirements regarding health.
Cancer Prevention: Recent Results in Cancer Research
Authors: James R. Egner
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nevus Flammeus-Reply
Authors: Robert G. Carney
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am happy to have your comments regarding treatment of port-wine hemangiomas. I did not go deeply into the treatment of these lesions, since the question itself left doubt as to the nature of the lesion. Although I am without personal experience in tattooing of flesh-colored pigments over this type of angioma, it has been my impression that exact color matching with normal skin is often difficult and it seems, to me at least, that a peculiar-looking artificial lesion attracts more attention than a naturally occurring one. However, I am aware that the patient may feel differently. It is not unusual to see a patient who is perfectly happy even with a severe radiodermatitis which has replaced, at least partially, a port-wine mark. Most important, I think, is that nothing be done which scars the skin or changes its contours and elasticity. Cosmetic hiding of the lesions
An unusual uveitis in Tanzanian children.
Authors: D. Yorston, A. Foster, J. Treharne
Journal: BMJ (1989)

In 1982-7, 254 children with panuveitis were seen at Mvumi Hospital, Tanzania, representing 56% of all cases of uveitis seen. Half were aged under 2. No consistent abnormality accounted for the uveitis and it resolved spontaneously over 6-12 weeks. A trial of prednisolone was performed in 30 children: 18 showed improvement by four weeks compared with 20 of 35 controls given only topical steroids and mydriatics.
Reversible Renal Insufficiency due to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis
Authors: Robert D. Toto, Helen C. Mitchell, Hing-Chung Lee, Cynthia Milam, William A. Pettinger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To review the incidence of reversible renal insufficiency in patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis undergoing antihypertensive therapy. Design: Retrospective analysis of 73 patients in a long-term blood pressure control study that compared the effects of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor plus conventional antihypertensive agents compared with placebo plus antihypertensive agents. Setting: Hospital-based outpatient treatment center. Interventions: Patients were divided into group 1, which received enalapril plus conventional antihypertensives, and group 2, which received placebo plus conventional antihypertensives. Measurements: Blood pressure and serum creatinine levels were measured, and imaging studies of the main renal arteries were done. Main Results: In group 1, eight of 42 patients (19%, 95% Cl, 9% to 34%) developed reversible renal insufficiency, defined as an unexpected increase in serum creatinine of 88 μmol/L or higher. Six episodes of reversible renal insufficiency occurred during July and August when temperatures were 32.2 °C to 37.8 °C (90 °F to 100 °F). Renal artery stenosis was excluded by renal arteriogram or ultrasonic duplex scanning. All eight group-1 patients had a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure below their baseline level during reversible renal insufficiency (mean change, - 28 ± 10 mm Hg, P < 0.001). The increase in the serum creatinine level was inversely correlated with the decrease in the mean arterial pressure (r= - 0.68, P < 0.01). Reversible renal insufficiency was successfully managed by withdrawing or reducing enalapril as well as other antihypertensive agents. Subsequently, enalapril was tolerated by seven of the eight patients without recurrence of renal insufficiency. In contrast, none of 31 (Cl, 0% to 11%) patients in group 2 developed reversible renal insufficiency despite the fact that both the incidence of decreases in mean arterial pressure in 6 of 31 patients (19%) and the magnitude of the decreases in mean arterial pressure (mean change, - 33 ± 16 mm Hg) were similar to those observed in group 1. Conclusions: Reversible renal insufficiency in hypertensive nephrosclerosis associated with ACE inhibitor therapy correlates with relative hypotension, is not dependent on renal artery stenosis, and can usually be managed by dose reduction.
Time to Shatter the Glass Ceiling for Minority Faculty
Authors: Jordan J. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Myocardiai Localization of Technetium-99m MDP in an Infant
Authors: JAMES C. FLEMING, THEODORE J. PYSHER, JOE C. LEONARD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Diffuse myocardial uptake of pyrophosphate has been reported in acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis and amyloidosis. Persistent blood pool activity has been reported also to give the appearance of diffuse myocardial uptake. This is the first reported case of diffuse uptake using Tc-99m MDP during screening for evidence of child abuse. The localization of Tc-99m MDP was due to diffuse myocardial ischemia secondary to poor cardiac output following cardiac arrest.
Advances in Molecular Staging of Melanoma Patients: Multimarker Analysis of Archival Lymph Node Tissue
Authors: Klaus J. Busam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.07.982 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12913105 Advances in Molecular Staging of Melanoma Patients: Multimarker Analysis of Archival Lymph Node Tissue Klaus J. BusamxKlaus J. BusamSearch for articles by this author Show More Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.07.982 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Advances in Molecular Staging of Melanoma Patients: Multimarker Analysis of Archival Lymph Node Tissue." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(19), pp. 3550–3551© 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Fondaparinux in Patients with Impaired Renal Function: The Right Choice?
Authors: Keith A.A. Fox
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters1 April 2008Fondaparinux in Patients with Impaired Renal Function: The Right Choice?Keith A.A. Fox, MBChBKeith A.A. Fox, MBChBFrom the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-7-200804010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Drs. Famularo and Minisola for their comments, but it is important to note that the dose of enoxaparin used in our study was the dose approved by regulatory agencies and recommended by acute coronary syndrome guidelines. To optimize both safety and efficacy, we chose the dose of fondaparinux on the basis of the PENTUA (Pentasaccharide in Unstable Angina) trial, a phase II study in patients with acute coronary syndromes, and other data. Using the “full dose” of an experimental drug may not be appropriate when the goal is to minimize bleeding risk yet provide appropriate efficacy. ...Reference1. Yusuf S, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, Afzal R, Pogue J, Granger CB, et al; OASIS-6 Trial Group. Effects of fondaparinux on mortality and reinfarction in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the OASIS-6 randomized trial. JAMA. 2006;295:1519-30. [PMID: 16537725] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Keith A.A. Fox, MBChBAffiliations: From the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom.Disclosures: Dr. Fox received grants, consultancies, and honoraria from Sanofi-Aventis, Merck-Sharpe-Dohme, and GlaxoSmithKline. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoInfluence of Renal Function on the Efficacy and Safety of Fondaparinux Relative to Enoxaparin in Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes Keith A.A. Fox , Jean-Pierre Bassand , Shamir R. Mehta , Lars Wallentin , Pierre Theroux , Leopoldo Soares Piegas , Vicent Valentin , Tiziano Moccetti , Susan Chrolavicius , Rizwan Afzal , and Salim Yusuf , on behalf of the OASIS 5 InvestigatorsFondaparinux in Patients with Impaired Renal Function: The Right Choice? Giuseppe Famularo and Giovanni Minisola Metrics 1 April 2008Volume 148, Issue 7Page: 561-562KeywordsAcute coronary syndromeHemorrhageMortalityPatient advocacyPlasma proteinsRandomized trialsSafetySafety studiesStrokeUnstable angina ePublished: 1 April 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mortality Rates, Causes of Death, and Health Status Among Displaced and Resident Populations of Kabul, Afghanistan
Authors: Bradford D. Gessner
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine the mortality and health effects from the current civil war in Kabul, Afghanistan.One resident population and one displaced population.Between November 22 and December 16, 1993, we conducted a retrospective, population-based, household survey, interviewing 312 displaced families and 300 resident families.During the 285 days before the survey, the highest average daily crude mortality rate and the mortality rate for those younger than 5 years (0.9 and 2.6 per 10,000 population per day, respectively) were among residents who had lived at their current location for 10 months or less. The average daily crude mortality rate and the mortality rate for those younger than 5 years were lower among displaced persons (0.6 and 1.9 per 10,000 per day) and lowest among residents who had lived at their current location for more than 10 months (0.5 and 0.6 per 10,000 per day). Overall, the most common cause of death for both groups was gunshot or other war trauma; for children younger than 5 years, deaths resulting from measles, diarrhea, and acute respiratory tract infection predominated.While provision of basic public health measures would likely decrease mortality among both displaced and resident populations, the most urgent health need is for a cessation of hostilities against the civilian population. During humanitarian relief operations, organizations should not focus exclusively on persons identified as displaced.
Mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux in recumbent asymptomatic human subjects.
Authors: J Dent, W J Dodds, R H Friedman, T Sekiguchi, W J Hogan, R C Arndorfer, D J Petrie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

We investigated the mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in 10 health volunteer subjects. Continuous recordings of intraluminal esophageal pH and pressure were obtained on two consecutive nights from 6:00 p.m. to 6:30 a.m. in each subject. During each study, the subject remained recumbent, except to eat a standardized meal after 1 h of basal recording. A manometric assembly with seven recording lumens monitored: (a) lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure via a sleeve device 6.5 cm in length, (b) esophageal-body motor activity, (c) swallowing activity in the pharynx, and (d) gastric pressure. An electrode 5 cm above the LES recorded esophageal pH. Sleep was monitored by electroencephalogram. All subjects showed wide variations of basal LES pressure. GER was not related to low steady-state basal LES pressure, but rather occurred during transient 5-30 s episodes of inappropriate complete LES relaxation. The inappropriate LES relaxations were usually either spontaneous or immediately followed appropriate sphincter relaxation induced by swallowing. The majority of GER episodes occurred within the first 3 h after eating. During the night LES relaxation and GER occurred only during transient arousals from sleep or when the subjects were fully awake, but not during stable sleep. After GER the esophagus was generally cleared of refluxed acid by primary peristalsis and less frequently by secondary peristalsis. Nonperistaltic contractions were less effective than peristalsis for clearing acid from the esophagus. We conclude that in asymptomatic recumbent subjects GER is related to transient inappropriate LES relaxations rather than to low steady-state basal LES pressure and also, that primary perstalsis is the major mechanism that clears the esophagus of refluxed material.
A rapid flow cytometric assay to detect CD4+ and CD8+ T-helper (Th) 0, Th1 and Th2 cells in whole blood and its application to study cytokine levels in atopic dermatitis before and after cyclosporin therapy
Authors: A.M. Farrell, P. Antrobus, D. Simpson, S. Powell, H.M. Chapel, B.L. Ferry
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

The immune response in atopic dermatitis (AD) is thought to be driven by T-helper (Th) 2 cytokines. Using flow cytometry, higher frequencies of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing interleukin (IL)-4 and correspondingly lower frequencies of CD4+ T cells producing interferon (IFN)-gamma have been found in patients with AD compared with healthy controls. It would be of interest to know whether other Th1 and Th2 cytokines such as IL-5, IL-13 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha are similarly skewed in patients with AD and whether this immune skewing, detected via a simple blood assay, can be correlated with other clinical measurements or treatments in AD.To use a rapid (4-h) flow cytometric assay to study a wide range of Th1 and Th2 cytokine patterns in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with AD, comparing them with non-atopic healthy controls. To correlate cytokine patterns with the degree of eosinophilia observed and in the case of one patient with severe disease, to observe the effect of cyclosporin therapy on peripheral blood cytokine patterns.Peripheral blood from eight patients with AD and 23 healthy controls was examined for the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha using flow cytometry.Significantly higher frequencies of CD4+/IL-4+ (P < 0.005) and CD4+/IL-13+ (P < 0.0001) and lower frequencies of CD4+/IFN-gamma+ (P < 0.002) and CD8+/TNF-alpha+ (P < 0.05) T lymphocytes were found in patients with AD compared with controls. There were significant positive correlations with the increased percentages of CD4+/IL-4+ and CD4+/IL-13+ T lymphocytes and the degree of eosinophilia observed (P < 0.05, P < 0.001) and a negative correlation between the percentage of CD4+/IFN-gamma+ T lymphocytes and eosinophilia (P < 0.05). In one patient examined before and 8 days after cyclosporin therapy, 50% or greater reductions were observed in percentages of peripheral blood CD8+/IL-5+, CD8+/IL-13+, CD4+/IL-4+ and CD4+/IL-5+ T lymphocytes following cyclosporin therapy. A smaller reduction of 15% after cyclosporin therapy was found in percentages of CD4+/IL-13+ T cells.These data strongly support a Th2 predominance in the peripheral blood of AD. The results suggest that administration of cyclosporin therapy in patients with AD may help to restore the Th2 cytokine imbalance seen in these patients.
Detection of Autocrine Motility Factor in Urine as a Marker of Bladder Cancer
Authors: R. Guirguis, E. Schiffmann, B. Liu, D. Birkbeck, J. Engel, L. Liotta
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Cell locomotion is an essential requirement for invasion and metastasis of malignant cells. We have previously described the characterization of a 50-kilodalton autocrine motility factor (AMF), a cytokine that stimulates motility in human tumor cells. In this study, we investigated the elaboration of this factor in vivo by human bladder carcinoma and in vitro by a cultured transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder cell line T24P. Urine samples from patients with bladder cancer were assayed for their capacity to stimulate migration of tumor cells. Comparing all TCC cases (22 patients) with all nonmalignant diagnoses (27 patients), we found a statistically significant (P less than .001) difference in the motility values. Invasive TCC cases (15 patients) were significantly (P less than .002) higher in regard to motility values compared with noninvasive TCC cases (8 patients), including one case of carcinoma in situ. In follow-up screening studies evaluating TCC recurrence, the recurrent tumors (9 patients) were higher (P less than .001) in regard to motility values than the tumor-free cases (11 patients). Furthermore, T24P cells showed a dose-dependent motile response to their own serum-free conditioned medium as well as to the AMF present in the urine of TCC patients. This finding is consistent with the source of AMF in the urine of these patients being the cancer itself. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for AMF was also developed. Values determined by ELISA correlated well with the motility values measured separately. These data support the potential usefulness of AMF as a urine marker for bladder TCC.
NOTCH1 promotes T cell leukemia-initiating activity by RUNX-mediated regulation of PKC-θ and reactive oxygen species
Authors: Vincenzo Giambra, Christopher R Jenkins, Hongfang Wang, Sonya H Lam, Olena O Shevchuk, Oksana Nemirovsky, Carol Wai, Sam Gusscott, Mark Y Chiang, Jon C Aster, R Keith Humphries, Connie Eaves, Andrew P Weng
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Evaluation of different strategies for identifying asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction and pre‐clinical (stage B) heart failure in the elderly. Results from ‘PREDICTOR’, a population based‐study in central Italy
Authors: Gian Francesco Mureddu, Luigi Tarantini, Nera Agabiti, Pompilio Faggiano, Serge Masson, Roberto Latini, Giulia Cesaroni, Maria Miceli, Francesco Forastiere, Angela Beatrice Scardovi, Massimo Uguccioni, Alessandro Boccanelli
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
A Practice of Anaesthesia
Authors: Leroy D. Vandam
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Anesthesia texts seem relatively few when counted against those of most other medical specialties. Probably this relates in part to the scope of anesthesiology and to the late appearance of its scriveners, in part to the scattering of material pertaining to the practice of anesthesia. Indeed, many recent anesthesia books are shelved with pharmacology, physiology, and the clinical specialties. The broad spectrum of information explains why there are today only a few worthwhile anesthesia texts of classic proportions. No one individual, or even several, can acquire the experience or find the time to prepare the magnum opus. The only major American text still in print is Collins'<i>Principles of Anesthesiology</i>, a singly authored work dated 1966. Perhaps the British have fared better. Evans and Gray's twovolume work on general anesthesia passed through two editions, ultimately reaching 1,347 pages written by 53 British contributors. The lineal descendant born in 1971 is