tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a Web-Based Intervention With Mobile Phone Support in Treating Depressive Symptoms in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Stephanie Nobis, Dirk Lehr, David Daniel Ebert, Harald Baumeister, Frank Snoek, Heleen Riper, Matthias Berking
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Depression is common in diabetes and linked to adverse health outcomes. This study evaluated the efficacy of a guided web-based intervention in reducing depression in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 260 participants with diabetes and elevated depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D ≥23]) were randomly assigned to the GET.ON Mood Enhancer Diabetes (a guided self-help intervention, n = 130) or a brief online unguided psychoeducation program for depression (n = 130). The primary outcome was depressive symptoms severity (CES-D). The secondary outcomes included diabetes-specific emotional distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes [PAID] scale) and participant satisfaction (adaption CSQ-8). Data were collected at baseline and 2 months after randomization. To identify differences in outcome between the groups, we used analyses of covariance with the baseline CES-D score as covariate on both intent-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) basis. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significantly less depressive symptom severity at posttreatment based on ITT (d = 0.89) and PP analyses (d = 1.00). The intervention participants displayed a significantly larger reduction in diabetes-specific emotional distress (d = 0.58, ITT). The intervention appeared to be acceptable to the participants; 95% (n = 121) would recommend the training to a friend with diabetes in need of psychological help. CONCLUSIONS A guided, web-based intervention to reduce depression in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes is effective in reducing both depressive symptoms and diabetes-specific emotional distress.
Experimental Production of Rate-Dependent Bundle Branch Block in the Canine Heart
Authors: MARCELO V. ELIZARI, GERARDO J. NAU, RAÚL J. LEVI, JULIO O. LÁZZARI, M. SUSANA HALPERN, MAURICIO B. ROSENBAUM
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

The main ventricular conducting fascicles were slightly injured in anesthetized dogs by gently scratching them with a blunt needle introduced through the ventricular wall. Initially the bundle branch block that resulted was rate independent (stage 1). When conduction returned to normal, both premature atrial and vagal stimulation reproduced the bundle branch block (stage 2). During stage 2 (5-15 minutes), three conduction ranges were documented: an early (phase 3) block range, a late (phase 4) block range, and an intermediate normal conduction range. The normal conduction range was narrow at the beginning but widened progressively, mostly at the expense of the phase 4 block range. Another period during which only phase 4 bundle branch block occurred (stage 3) preceded total normalization (stage 4). The escape beats that arose from the injured fascicle were most abundant and had the shortest coupling during stage 1, they were less common and their coupling became longer during stages 2 and 3, and they disappeared in stage 4. The tachycardia-dependent or phase 3 bundle branch block was related to a prolongation of refractoriness; the bradycardia-dependent or phase 4 bundle branch block was attributed to slight hypopolarization, enhanced spontaneous diastolic depolarization, and a shift in the threshold potential toward zero. These abnormalities were assumed to be secondary to the hypopolarization, which was probably the basic derangement. This hypothesis satisfactorily accounts for the observation that phase 3 and phase 4 bundle branch block commonly coexist in the same injured fascicle.
Predisposition to Atherosclerosis by Infections
Authors: Abhiram Prasad, Jianhui Zhu, Julian P.J. Halcox, Myron A. Waclawiw, Stephen E. Epstein, Arshed A. Quyyumi
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Several microorganisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that infections may predispose to atherosclerosis by inflicting endothelial injury.Of 375 patients undergoing coronary angiography, 218 had assessment of endothelial function using intracoronary acetylcholine (ACH) and of endothelium-independent function with sodium nitroprusside and adenosine. Immunoglobulin-G antibody titers to cytomegalovirus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis A virus, and herpes simplex virus-1 were measured. Pathogen burden was defined as the number of positive antibodies. Although positive serology to individual pathogens tended to be associated with increased incidence of coronary arteriosclerosis (CAD), the pathogen burden correlated with the presence of CAD, even after adjustment for risk factors (OR 1.3; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.6, P=0.018). Moreover, the severity of CAD was independently associated with the pathogen burden (P=0.001). Pathogen burden was an independent predictor of endothelial dysfunction, determined as the percent change in coronary vascular resistance in response to ACH (P=0.009) but not the responses to sodium nitroprusside or adenosine. Pathogen burden was also an independent determinant of endothelial function in the subgroup with angiographically normal coronary arteries.The immunoglobulin-G antibody response to multiple pathogens (pathogen burden) is an independent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and the presence and severity of CAD. Endothelial dysfunction provides the crucial link by which pathogens may contribute to atherogenesis.
Gastric emptying in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
Authors: I W Campbell, R C Heading, P Tothill, T A Buist, D J Ewing, B F Clarke
Journal: Gut (1977)

Gastric emptying was studied in 12 diabetic patients, six with and six without objective evidence of autonomic neuropathy and in 20 non-diabetic controls, using a double isotope scinti-scanning technique which differentiated between solid and liquid emptying. Three patients with autonomic neuropathy exhibited gastric stasis, although this was detected by conventional radiology in only one. Neither the patients with stasis nor those without exhibited abnormally rapid early gastric emptying. In patients without stasis, the normal differentiation between solid and liquid emptying was impaired, suggesting an abnormality of antral peristalsis not attributable to vagal denervation. Both intravenous and oral metoclopramide produced symptomatic improvement in two patients with gastric stasis and restored their gastric emptying to normal.
Classification and Identification of Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-Like Species
Authors: Karen Steidinger, Jan Landsberg, R. William Richardson, Earnest Truby, Barbara Blakesley, Paula Scott, Patricia Tester, Torstein Tengs, Patrice Mason, Steve Morton, David Seaborn, Wayne Litaker, Kimberly Reece, David Oldach, Leonard Haas, Gerardo Vasta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Dinoflagellates can be classified both botanically and zoologically; however, they are typically put in the botanical division Pyrrhophyta. As a group they appear most related to the protistan ciliates and apicomplexans at the ultrastructure level. Within the Pyrrhophyta are both unarmored and armored forms of the dominant, motile flagellated stage. Unarmored dinoflagellates do not have thecal or wall plates arranged in specific series, whereas armored species have plates that vary in thickness but are specific in number and arrangement. In armored dinoflagellates, the plate pattern and tabulation is a diagnostic character at the family, subfamily, and even genus levels. In most cases, the molecular characterization of dinoflagellates confirms the taxonomy on the basis of external morphology; this has been demonstrated for several groups. Together, both genetic and morphological criteria are becoming increasingly important for the characterization, separation, and identification of dinoflagellates species. Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like species are thinly armored forms with motile dinospore stages characterized by their distinct plate formulae. Pfiesteria piscicida is the best-known member of the genus; however, there is at least one other species. Other genetically and morphologically related genera, now grouped under the common names of Lucy, Shepherd's crook, and cryptoperidiniopsoid, are being studied and described in separate works. All these other heterotrophic dinoflagellate groups, many of which are thought to be benign, co-occur in estuarine waters where Pfiesteria has been found.
Comment on: Ellervik et al. Elevated Transferrin Saturation and Risk of Diabetes: Three Population-Based Studies. Diabetes Care 2011;34:2256–2258
Authors: Baqiyyah N. Conway
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

I read with fascination the article by Ellervik et al. (1) demonstrating the increased risk of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes associated with elevated transferrin saturation levels. In accord with this, I previously reported significantly increased levels of total hemoglobin concentration in individuals with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (2). Others have shown significantly higher androgen levels in both males and females with type 1 diabetes compared with nondiabetic controls (3). Androgens have a direct stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis. I agree with Ellervik et al. that very high iron concentrations may cause destruction of pancreatic β-cells in a nonautoimmune manner. However, I propose that other factors may …
Switching on Chromosomal Translocations
Authors: Almudena R. Ramiro, Michel C. Nussenzweig, André Nussenzweig
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Activation-induced deaminase initiates three different antibody diversification reactions: class switch recombination, somatic hypermutation (SHM), and gene conversion. We have shown that, in addition to antibody diversification, activation-induced deaminase can also initiate Burkitt's lymphoma–like c-myc/IgH translocations. However, distinct DNA damage- and oncogene-induced checkpoints operate in B cells to produce a normal intrachromosomal class switch recombination event or an aberrant interchromosomal fusion. These findings open the way to study the molecular pathways taking place at the early stages of malignant transformation. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(16): 7837-9)
Protein Evolution Is Faster Outside the Cell
Authors: Karin Julenius, Anders Gorm Pedersen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Some proteins are highly conserved across all species, whereas others diverge significantly even between closely related species. Attempts have been made to correlate the rate of protein evolution to amino acid composition, protein dispensability, and the number of protein-protein interactions, but in all cases, conflicting studies have shown that the theories are hard to confirm experimentally. The only correlation that is undisputed so far is that highly/broadly expressed proteins seem to evolve at a lower rate. Consequently, it has been suggested that correlations between evolution rate and factors like protein dispensability or the number of protein-protein interactions could be just secondary effects due to differences in expression. The purpose of this study was to analyze mammalian proteins/genes with known subcellular location for variations in evolution rates. We show that proteins that are exported (extracellular proteins) evolve faster than proteins that reside inside the cell (intracellular proteins). We find weak, but significant, correlations between evolution rates and expression levels, percentage of tissues in which the proteins are expressed (expression broadness), and the number of protein interaction partners. More important, we show that the observed difference in evolution rate between extra- and intracellular proteins is largely independent of expression levels, expression broadness, and the number of protein-protein interactions. We also find that the difference is not caused by an overrepresentation of immunological proteins or disulfide bridge-containing proteins among the extracellular data set. We conclude that the subcellular location of a mammalian protein has a larger effect on its evolution rate than any of the other factors studied in this paper, including expression levels/patterns. We observe a difference in evolution rates between extracellular and intracellular proteins for a yeast data set as well and again show that it is completely independent of expression levels.
CASE OF ANGIOKERATOMA WITH CHILBLAIN CIRCULATION, ERYTHEMA PERNIO, AND BAZIN'S DISEASE
Authors: S. E. DORE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1903)

Journal Article CASE OF ANGIOKERATOMA WITH CHILBLAIN CIRCULATION, ERYTHEMA PERNIO, AND BAZIN'S DISEASE Get access S. E. DORE, M.B.Camb S. E. DORE, M.B.Camb Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 15, Issue 9, 1 September 1903, Pages 323–324, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1903.tb16521.x Published: 01 September 1903
Cytokines and the lung
Authors: G.B. Toews
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Cytokines are signal molecules that induce movement, differentiation, growth and death of many cell types. Cytokines generate these effects through interactions with receptors, which relay a signal into the cell triggering a response. Cytokine-receptor interactions are promiscuous; a combining site of any receptor can bind many ligands. Promiscuity allows for the generation of agonists, alternative ligands that activate a receptor in a way similar to the normal ligands and antagonists, ligands that bind to a receptor, but neutralize the effects of an agonist. Cytokine-receptor interactions induce many diverse (pleiotropic) effects. Cytokine-receptor interactions are redundant; several cytokines can perform the same function. Mammalian hosts use cytokines to maintain homeostasis and to provide signals crucial to host responses to invading microbes and other injurious agents. Cytokines are the molecular messages, which: 1) initiate and amplify inflammatory and immune responses by recruiting and activating cells; 2) regulate the activation and differentiation of T‐ and B‐lymphocytes, whose functions are crucial to specific cell-mediated immunity; and 3) initiate and regulate local repair processes critical to the resolution of inflammatory responses. Further studies of cytokines and their receptors should provide a framework for therapeutic interventions in patients with dysregulated inflammatory responses.
Neovascularization in Human Atherosclerosis
Authors: Pedro R. Moreno, K-Raman Purushothaman, Marc Sirol, Andrew P. Levy, Valentin Fuster
Journal: Circulation (2006)

I n the absence of disease, the vasa vasorum nurture the outer component of the vessel wall, and the intima is fed by oxygen diffusion from the lumen.As disease progresses, the intima thickens, and oxygen diffusion is impaired.As a result, vasa become the major source for nutrients to the vessel wall. 1 The vasa vasorum structure consists of a network of small arteries and veins, as shown in Figure 1.In the coronary arteries, vasa originate from bifurcation segments of epicardial vessels; in the ascending aorta, vasa originate from coronary and brachiocephalic arteries; and in the descending thoracic aorta, vasa originate from intercostal, lumbar, and mesenteric arteries.
Bone Formation and Inflammation in Cardiac Valves
Authors: Emile R. Mohler, Francis Gannon, Carol Reynolds, Robert Zimmerman, Martin G. Keane, Frederick S. Kaplan
Journal: Circulation (2001)

For nearly a century, the mechanical failure of calcified heart valves was attributed to a passive degenerative process. Recently, several case reports described bone formation in surgically excised heart valves and suggested an unexpected process of tissue repair.We studied the prevalence and pathology of heterotopic ossification in 347 surgically excised heart valves (256 aortic, 91 mitral) in 324 consecutive patients (182 men, 142 women; mean age 68 years) who underwent cardiac valve replacement surgery between 1994 and 1998. The valves were examined microscopically to determine the prevalence and features of bone formation and remodeling. Two hundred eighty-eight valves (83%) had dystrophic calcification. Mature lamellar bone with hematopoietic elements and active bone remodeling were present in 36 valves (13%) with dystrophic calcification. Endochondral bone formation, similar to that seen in normal fracture repair, was identified in 4 valves. Microfractures were present in 92% of all valves with ossification. Neoangiogenesis was found in all valves with ossification. Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP 2/4), potent osteogenic morphogens, were expressed by myofibroblasts and preosteoblasts in areas adjacent to B- and T-lymphocyte infiltration in valves where ossification was identified. Mast cells were present in calcified and ossified valves and were especially prominent in atheromatous regions.Heterotopic ossification consisting of mature lamellar bone formation and active bone remodeling is a relatively common and unexpected finding in end-stage valvular heart disease and may be associated with repair of pathological microfractures in calcified cardiac valves.
Removal of P-Cresol Sulfate by Hemodialysis
Authors: Andres W. Martinez, Natalie S. Recht, Thomas H. Hostetter, Timothy W. Meyer
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Protein-bound solutes are poorly cleared by dialysis. Among the most extensively studied of these solutes is p-cresol, which has been shown to be toxic in vitro. This study examined the form in which p-cresol circulates and quantified its removal by hemodialysis. HPLC analysis of plasma from hemodialysis patients contained a peak whose mobility corresponded to synthetic p-cresol sulfate (PCS) but no detectable unconjugated p-cresol. Treatment with sulfatase resulted in recovery of this peak as p-cresol, confirming its identity. Subsequent studies compared the removal of PCS and another protein-bound solute, indican, to the removal of urea during clinical hemodialysis treatments. PCS and indican were 94 +/- 1% and 93 +/- 2% bound to plasma protein, respectively. Protein-binding caused a predictable decrease in measured dialytic clearance, which averaged 20 +/- 4 ml/min for PCS and 25 +/- 5 ml/min for indican as compared with 260 +/- 20 ml/min for urea. Volumes of distribution for the protein-bound solutes were greater than the plasma volume, averaging 15 +/- 7 L for PCS and 14 +/- 3 L for indican as compared with 37 +/- 7 for urea. Solute reduction ratios were 20 +/- 9% for PCS, 30 +/- 7% for indican, and 69 +/- 5% for urea. We conclude that p-cresol circulates in the form of its sulfate conjugate, PCS. PCS is poorly removed by hemodialysis because its clearance is limited by protein binding and the ratio of its volume of distribution to its clearance is high.
Chaos-related deterministic regulation of heart rate variability in time- and frequency domains: effects of autonomic blockade and exercise
Authors: I. Hagerman, M. Berglund, M. Lorin, J. Nowak, C. Sylven
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

To study non-linear complexity or chaotic behaviour of heart rate in short time series and its dependence on autonomic tone.Ten healthy individuals (5 men, mean age 44 years) were investigated at rest, after intravenous injections of propranolol (0.15 mg/kg), followed by atropine (0.03 mg/kg). On another occasion, investigation was made during exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 40% and at 70% of maximal working capacity. Heart rate variability was assessed by: local sensitive dependence on initial conditions as quantitated by the dominant Lyapunov exponent, coefficient of variation of heart rate, power spectral analysis of high- and low-frequency bands and the 1/f-slope of the very-low-frequency band and time domain analysis.The approximate dominant Lyapunov exponent was positive at rest and remained positive during autonomic blockade and during exercise. The exponent decreased significantly with propranolol+atropine and even more so during exercise but did not attain zero. At baseline approximate predictability was lost after about 30 s whereas after autonomic blockade or exercise it was lost after about 60 s. The 1/f-slope remained unaltered around -1. As expected, power in high- and low-frequency bands as well as time domain index decreased significantly with autonomic blockade. The low-frequency band and time domain index were affected by exercise.Heart rate variability of sinus rhythm in healthy individuals has characteristics suggestive of low-dimensional chaos-like determinism which is modulated but not eliminated by inhibition of autonomic tone or by exercise. The dominant Lyapunov exponent characterises heart rate variability independent or the other investigated measures.
Germ Line Polymorphism in Metastatic Progression
Authors: Kent W. Hunter, Nigel P. Crawford
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Somatic genetic analysis of tumors and metastases has yielded a plethora of information regarding genes associated with cancer progression. However, somatic alterations in tumor cells are only one source of variability. Genetic polymorphism may also play a significant role in person-to-person variability in metastasis frequency, raising the intriguing possibility that some individuals could be predisposed to secondary tumor development. The identification and characterization of these polymorphisms may have significant implications for the development of tailored treatment or prevention of recurrent disease. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(3): 1251-4)
An in vitro lymphocytotoxicity assay for studying adverse reactions to sulphonamides
Authors: N. H. SHEAR, S. P. SPIELBERG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article An in vitro lymphocytotoxicity assay for studying adverse reactions to sulphonamides Get access N. H. SHEAR, N. H. SHEAR Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Medical Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5 Dr N. Shear, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. P. SPIELBERG S. P. SPIELBERG Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s28, 1 July 1985, Pages 112–113, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb15637.x Published: 01 July 1985
Incomplete erythropoietic protoporphyria caused by a splice site modulator homozygous <scp>IVS</scp> 3‐48C polymorphism in the ferrochelatase gene
Authors: M. Mizawa, T. Makino, H. Nakano, D. Sawamura, T. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is an inherited cutaneous porphyria caused by both the partial deficiency of ferrochelatase (FECH) and the existence of cytosine at IVS3-48 in trans to a mutated FECH allele. However, physicians occasionally encounter patients with EPP with a mild phenotype associated with a slight increase in the erythrocyte-free protoporphyrin concentration and no FECH gene mutations. In this study, genetic analyses were performed on three patients with a mild phenotype of EPP, with photosensitivity, slightly increased erythrocyte-free protoporphyrin concentrations and only a few fluorocytes in the peripheral blood. After obtaining the patients' and their parents' informed consent, a direct sequence analysis of the FECH gene and a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were performed on samples from the patients. The FECH gene mutation was not detected in the direct sequence analyses in any of the patients. However, all three patients had the homozygous IVS3-48C polymorphism. These findings suggest that homozygous IVS3-48C polymorphism of the FECH gene is associated with a slight elevation of the protoporphyrin level in erythrocytes, resulting in a mild EPP phenotype.