tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health Care Reform Now: A Prescription for Change
Authors: Eric G. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Marine Rear Guard Escapes Serious Injury While Covering UN Evacuation From Somalia
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THE MARINES covering evacuation of the last United Nations (UN) peacekeepers from Somalia were in turn covered by military medicine. The last US Marines to leave the beaches of the civil war—torn African country, despite being under fire from some Somali clan members, suffered only sprains, bruises, minor burns from back-flashes of their own rapid-fire weapons, and—in two or three instances—heat exhaustion from the 28°C (82°F) temperatures combined with the 80% humidity, says Steven L. Nichols, MD, a US Navy commander. Nichols is CATF (Commodore, [three-ship] Amphibious Task Force) surgeon aboard the USS<i>Essex</i>, an amphibious assault ship whose nearly 2000 US Marine Corps troops were the last to leave the land where UN forces have sought since 1992 to help feed the population and end interclan fighting (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993; 269:2833-2838 and 270:2531, 2535). The United States withdrew its forces from long-term duty there a year ago (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:894). <h3>International</h3>
Griffiths and doctors--some reflections
Authors: A. Bussey
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the efficacy and safety of adalimumab on uveitis in patients with early onset, chronic, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated or idiopathic anterior uveitis and an inadequate response to topical steroids and methotrexate (MTX). <h3>Methods</h3> Patients aged 4 years or more with ocular inflammation quantified by laser flare photometry (LFP) ≥30 photon units/ms were double-blindly randomised (1:1) to 2 groups, one treated with placebo and one with adalimumab subcutaneously at a dose of 24 mg/m<sup>2</sup> in patients aged &lt;13 years, 40 mg in the others, every other week. The primary outcome was response at month 2 (M2) defined as a 30% reduction of inflammation on LFP in the assessable eye with more severe baseline inflammation and no worsening on slit lamp examination. From M2 to M12, all patients received adalimumab. <h3>Results</h3> At M2, among 31 patients included in intention-to-treat analysis, there were 9/16 responders on adalimumab and 3/15 on placebo (P=0.038, Χ<sup>2</sup> test; relative risk=2.81, 95% CI 0.94 to 8.45; risk difference: 36.3%, 95% CI 2.1 to 60.6); there was no significant difference using the Standardised Uveitis Nomenclature classification criteria of improvement. Thirty patients continued the trial after M2 and received adalimumab (open-label phase), 29 reached M12. There were seven serious adverse events none related to study treatment. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This trial is in favour of using adalimumab in patients with early onset, chronic anterior uveitis, which is in most cases associated with JIA, in case of inadequate response to topical therapy and MTX. LFP could be a valuable tool to assess early treatment efficacy. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT01385826.
Risk of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with oral anticoagulants: population based retrospective cohort study
Authors: H.-Y. Chang, M. Zhou, W. Tang, G. C. Alexander, S. Singh
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine the real world safety of dabigatran or rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in terms of gastrointestinal bleeding. <b>Design</b> Retrospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Large administrative database of commercially insured people in United States from 1 October 2010 through 31 March 2012. <b>Participants</b> Enrollees with a prescription of warfarin, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban between 1 October 2010 and 31 March 2012, who were aged 18 years or older, had continuous enrollment and no oral anticoagulant use during the six months before the entry date, with known age and sex, and with no gastrointestinal bleeding for at least six months before the cohort entry date. The final study sample of 46 163 patients included 4907 using dabigatran, 1649 using rivaroxaban, and 39 607 using warfarin. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Time to gastrointestinal bleeding. Hazard ratios were derived from Cox proportional hazard models with propensity score weighting and robust estimates of errors. <b>Results</b> Dabigatran users tended to be older (dabigatran <i>v</i> rivaroxaban <i>v</i> warfarin: 62.0 <i>v</i> 57.6 <i>v</i> 57.4 years) and more likely to be male (69% <i>v</i> 49% <i>v</i> 53%). The rate of gastrointestinal bleeding was highest among dabigatran users and lowest among rivaroxaban users (dabigatran <i>v</i> rivaroxaban <i>v</i> warfarin: 9.01 <i>v</i> 3.41 <i>v</i> 7.02 cases per 100 person years). After adjustment for potentially confounding covariates, there was no evidence of a statistically significant difference in the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding between dabigatran and warfarin users (adjusted hazard ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.53) or between rivaroxaban and warfarin users (0.98, 0.36 to 2.69). <b>Conclusions</b> Although rates of gastrointestinal bleeding seem to be similar in this commercially insured sample of adults in the United States, we cannot rule out as much as a 50% increase in the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding with dabigatran compared with warfarin or a more than twofold higher risk of bleeding with rivaroxaban compared with warfarin.
Hypothermia Treatment Needs Controlled Studies
Authors: FRANCIS P. CHINARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1979Hypothermia Treatment Needs Controlled StudiesFRANCIS P. CHINARD, M.D.FRANCIS P. CHINARD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-6-990_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Indicative of current interest in hypothermia are recent publications, including a review (1), articles (2, 3), an editorial (4), and a spate of letters to the editor of this journal in the February issue (5-7) in response to the review (1).Hypothermia is not a new problem, and it is unfortunate there have not yet been adequately constructed series that could permit assessment of the advantages of one rewarming procedure over another. About the only general agreement evident is that the patients should be rewarmed. Available guidelines are based on necessarily limited personal experience and on extrapolations...References1. REULER J: Hypothermia: pathophysiology, clinical settings, and management. Ann Intern Med 89:519-527, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. WELTONMATTOXMILLERPETMECKY DKRF: Treatment of profound hypothermia. JAMA 240:2291-2292, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CHINARD F: Accidental hypothermia—a brief review. J Med Soc NJ 75:610-614, 1978 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. EDITORIAL: Treating accidental hypothermia. Br Med J 2:1383-1384, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. ROTMAN H: Hypothermia (letter). Ann Intern Med 90:273, 1979 LinkGoogle Scholar6. ARNOLD J: Hypothermia (letter). Ann Intern Med 90:273 1979 LinkGoogle Scholar7. PORTNOI V: Hypothermia (letter). Ann Intern Med 90:273-274, 1979 LinkGoogle Scholar8. TOMASZEWSKi W: Changements électrocardiographiques observés chez un homme mort de froid. Arch Coeur 31:525-528, 1938 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FRANCIS P. CHINARD, M.D.Affiliations: New Jersey Medical School Newark, NJ 07103 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAccidental hypothermiaAccidental HypothermiaAccidental hypothermia Review of the literature 1 June 1979Volume 90, Issue 6Page: 990-991KeywordsExtrapolationHypothermia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
ETIOLOGY OF DEMENTIA PRÆCOX.
Authors: WILLIAM A. WHITE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

A number of articles on this subject have appeared lately in the medical press, setting forth the general proposition that dementia praecox is a disease due to autointoxication. The arguments of the writers have been backed up by the results of chemical analyses, which, in many instances, have been gone into in great detail and very exhaustively.  It seems to me that the chemists have gone to great lengths to find a cause which is right at hand and. further, that they have been singularly short-sighted in their reasoning. Their results have been obtained from the, examination of cases acknowledged to be dementia praecox, and because they have found changes in the blood and secretions from which they can argue the development in the body of autotoxins they have presumed these autotoxins to be the cause of the disease. If these chemical changes had been found before the development of
The Use of Bowman's Layer Vertical Topographic Thickness Map in the Diagnosis of Keratoconus
Authors: Mohamed Abou Shousha, Victor L. Perez, Ana Paula Fraga Santini Canto, Pravin K. Vaddavalli, Fouad E. Sayyad, Florence Cabot, William J. Feuer, Jianhua Wang, Sonia H. Yoo
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Bradykinin stimulates NF-kappaB activation and interleukin 1beta gene expression in cultured human fibroblasts.
Authors: Z K Pan, B L Zuraw, C C Lung, E R Prossnitz, D D Browning, R D Ye
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Bradykinin (BK), a pluripotent nonameric peptide, is known for its proinflammatory functions in both tissue injury and allergic inflammation of the airway mucosa and submucosa. To understand the mechanisms by which BK serves as an inflammatory mediator, the human lung fibroblast cell line WI-38 was stimulated with BK and the expression of IL-1beta gene was examined. BK at nanomolar concentrations induced a marked increase in immunoreactive IL-1beta, detectable within 2 h in both secreted and cell-associated forms. BK-induced IL-1beta synthesis was inhibited by a B2-type BK receptor antagonist and by treatment of the cells with pertussis toxin, indicating the involvement of a BK receptor that couples to the G(i)/G(o) class of heterotrimeric G proteins. Whereas cycloheximide and actinomycin D both inhibited BK-induced IL-1beta synthesis, results from Northern blot and nuclear run-on assays suggested that BK acted primarily at the transcription level which led to the accumulation of IL-1beta message in stimulated cells. Gel mobility shift assays were used with nuclear extracts from stimulated WI-38 cells to examine the transcription mechanism for BK-induced IL-1beta expression. A DNA binding activity specific for the decameric kappaB enhancer was detected and was found to contain the p50 and p65 subunits of the NF-kappaB/rel protein family. BK-induced NF-kappaB activation correlated with IL-1beta message upregulation with respect to agonist concentration, time course, sensitivity to bacterial toxins, and blockade by the B2 receptor antagonist. After BK stimulation, a significant increase in the activity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was observed in WI-38 cells transfected with a reporter plasmid bearing the kappaB enhancers from the IL-1beta gene. Deletion of the kappaB enhancer sequence significantly reduced BK-induced chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. These findings suggests a novel function of BK in the activation of NF-kappaB and the induction of cytokine gene expression.
An Address on Nurses and Nursing
Authors: S. O. Habershon
Journal: BMJ (1880)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Management of a patient9s diabetes is entirely dependent upon the type of diabetes they are deemed to have. Patients with Type 1 diabetes are insulin deficient so require multiple daily insulin injections, whereas patients with Type 2 diabetes still have some endogenous insulin production so insulin treatment is only required when diet and tablets do not establish good glycaemic control. Despite the importance of a correct diagnosis, classification of diabetes is based on aetiology and relies on clinical judgement. There are no clinical guidelines on how to determine whether a patient has Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. We aim to systematically review the literature to derive evidence-based clinical criteria for the classification of the major subtypes of diabetes. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> We will perform a systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies to establish clinical criteria that predict the subsequent development of absolute insulin deficiency seen in Type 1 diabetes. Insulin deficiency will be determined by reference standard C-peptide concentrations. Synthesis of criteria identified will be undertaken using hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> As this is a systematic review, there will be no ethical issues. We will disseminate results by writing up the final systematic review and synthesis for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and will present at national and international diabetes-related meetings.
"Cherry picking" did not occur in studied example
Authors: M. J. Bolland, A. Grey, I. R. Reid
Journal: BMJ (2010)

In their discussion of composite end points,1 Cordoba and colleagues highlight the reporting of vascular events in our trial of calcium supplements2 as an example of “cherry picking”: the post-hoc selection of a composite end point to create a significant P value. An allegation of cherry picking is an indictment of both authors and editorial staff, and should be supported by …
An ENU-induced mouse mutant of SHIP1 reveals a critical role of the stem cell isoform for suppression of macrophage activation
Authors: Nhu-Y. N. Nguyen, Mhairi J. Maxwell, Lisa M. Ooms, Elizabeth M. Davies, Adrienne A. Hilton, Janelle E. Collinge, Douglas J. Hilton, Benjamin T. Kile, Christina A. Mitchell, Margaret L. Hibbs, Stephen M. Jane, David J. Curtis
Journal: Blood (2011)
Steroid hormone receptor analysis in human melanoma and non-malignant human skin
Authors: HANS-JORG GRILL, PETER BENES, BERNHARD MANZ, BERND MORSCHES, GUNTER W. KORTING, KUNHARD POLLOW
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Steroid hormone receptor analysis in human melanoma and non‐malignant human skin Get access HANS‐JÖRG GRILL, HANS‐JÖRG GRILL Abteilung für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Mainz, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar PETER BENES, PETER BENES Universitätshautklinik, Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität, Mainz, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BERNHARD MANZ, BERNHARD MANZ Abteilung für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Mainz, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BERND MORSCHES, BERND MORSCHES Universitätshautklinik, Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität, Mainz, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GÜNTER W. KORTING, GÜNTER W. KORTING Universitätshautklinik, Johannes Gutenberg‐Universität, Mainz, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar KUNHARD POLLOW KUNHARD POLLOW Abteilung für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Mainz, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue s23, 1 November 1982, Pages 64–65, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb01035.x Published: 01 November 1982
SPONTANEOUS RENO-INGUINAL FISTULA
Authors: ABRAHAM RAVICH
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Renal fistulas may be traumatic or spontaneous in origin, the traumatic type following accidental injuries to the kidney or operative procedures. In the present discussion the spontaneous type will be the only one considered.  Spontaneous renal fistula was known even to the ancients, Hippocrates having described it as a complication of renal calculus. Although it was always considered a rarity, the older medical literature contained a fair number of case reports. Rayer, 1 in his textbook on diseases of the kidney, published in 1839, discussed the subject at great length and cited a number of cases that came under his own observation. In 1889 Rollin 2 was able to collect thirteen contemporaneous cases, and Chazet 3 in 1900 reported from the literature of the time twelve cases associated with renal tuberculosis. This is in marked contrast with the paucity of such reports in the more recent literature, only five cases
ON THE TREATMENT OF PHLEGMONOUS ERYSIPELAS AND OTHER FORMS OF SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATION BY IMMERSION IN ICE WATER.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: HENRY BERGSTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

nuclear.According to certain authors, there are mononuclear pus cells, but Ziegler's " Pathology " in the last German edition says : " Among the cells emigrating from the circulatory system, two forms may be distinguished, viz : mono-and polynuclear, and the term pus cell refers to the polynudear forms."
THE TREATMENT OF PSEUDARTHROSIS AND RETARDED CALLUS FORMATION BY INJECTION OF BLOOD.
Authors: VICTOR SCHMIEDEN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

fere with the routine treatment of the acute infection.The cold tubs may have to be suspended for a time, the patient will require more care during convalescence, which may be long drawn out, and the prolonged stay in bed may render him more liable to complications, but by taking care of such as they arise one can usually con- trol the situation.I wish to acknowledge my sincere thanks to Prof. Dock, Prof. Canfield
Inhibitory effect of levocabastine on allergen‐induced increase of nasal reactivity to histamine and cell influx
Authors: K. Pazdrak, P. Górski, U. Ruta
Journal: Allergy (1993)

For evaluation of the effect of levocabastine pretreatment on allergen‐induced rhinitis symptoms, changes in nasal washings, and nasal responsiveness to histamine, 12 asymptomatic patients with documented allergic rhinitis participated in a single‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Eight‐day treatment with levocabastine (twice in each nostril, four times a day) caused significant reduction in nasal symptoms and inflammatory cell influx after allergen challenge, as compared with placebo administration. Levocabastine inhibited increased nasal reactivity to histamine induced by allergen provocation, as controlled by rhinitis symptoms and albumin level in nasal washings. These data reveal a high effectiveness of levocabastine in the prevention of allergen‐induced rhinitis symptoms. Moreover, its inhibitory effect on inflammatory cell influx and hyperresponsiveness to histamine suggest that levocabastine is more than a simple H 1 ‐receptor antagonist.
Abstract 100: Somatic mutations in Pyk2 in melanoma alter protein activity, interactions and localization
Authors: Melinda D. Willard, Isabella H. Wulur, Yardena Samuels, Thomas D. Barber, Jared Gartner, Stephen C.J. Parker
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Data indicates that focal adhesion kinases (FAKs) play a critical role in cancer. Specifically, accumulating evidence suggests that overexpression and altered activity of FAKs promotes tumorigenesis, metastasis, and correlates with reduced survival. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2, FAK2) and its role in physiological processes in bone and inflammatory cellular responses have been well-documented. Recently, the role of PYK2 in the induction of endothelial to mesenchymal transition and cancer progression has emerged. Somatic mutations altering the coding region of PTK2B have been detected in melanoma and lung cancer, but the functional significance of these mutations is unknown. Here we demonstrate that cancer-associated mutations of PYK2 found in malignant melanoma lead to altered protein localization, interactions, and activity, and consequently, abnormal cellular behavior. These findings suggest that somatic mutations in PTK2B may promote tumor progression through deregulated protein activity, and highlight the importance of evaluating PYK2 inhibitors to block both the normal and mutant forms of the kinase. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 100. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-100
THE RELATION OF PERIDENTAL GINGIVITIS TO VINCENT'S ANGINA
Authors: F. E. Taylor, W. H. McKinstry
Journal: BMJ (1917)

TIHAT ulcero-miembranous inflammatory affections of the Euccal cavity may be widely distributed on the mtucous mciembranes of tlle mouth and gums, and not confined to thle plmarynx and tonsil in accordance with tlle classical dcscriptions of Vincent's angina, has been recognized by meainy observers since this was pointed out by Vincent fiimn.elf in 1898.In addition to an ulcero-membranous Jlharyugitis and tonsillitis((Vincent's angina),lhe described an ilcero-metnbranous stomatitis and-an uleero-membranous giingrivitis.In all these conditions, two or more of wlhichl are no't uncommonly seen in the same patient,-he found tlhat the same micro-organisms were present-nanlely, tlle sspirillumn and B. ftsirfor;)is (Vincent).
Antigen Ligation Triggers a Conformational Change within the Constant Domain of the αβ T Cell Receptor
Authors: Travis Beddoe, Zhenjun Chen, Craig S. Clements, Lauren K. Ely, Simon R. Bushell, Julian P. Vivian, Lars Kjer-Nielsen, Siew Siew Pang, Michelle A. Dunstone, Yu Chih Liu, Whitney A. Macdonald, Matthew A. Perugini, Matthew C.J. Wilce, Scott R. Burrows, Anthony W. Purcell, Tony Tiganis, Stephen P. Bottomley, James McCluskey, Jamie Rossjohn
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Sensitivity of Liver Function Tests
Authors: John S. Loder
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  In a QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS article (234:99, 1975), Dr Karl appears to confuse the terms transpeptidase-itis with transaminitis. These are far from equivalent terms.  While both γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase and the transaminases can suggest parenchymal liver damage when levels are quite elevated, the lesser sensitivity and specificity of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) especially suggest that a modest rise of a transaminase level probably reflects more actual tissue damage somewhere (heart or liver) than does a proportional rise in γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase. The latter enzyme is proving to be an extremely sensitive indicator of subtle liver damage, eg, in heavy drinkers and in patients with occult hepatic neoplasm, when no other laboratory test is abnormal. 1-3 However, with increasing use, interpretive difficulties are commencing to surface even with this relatively specific enzyme. 4