tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen: patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials
Authors: C Davies, J Godwin, Richard Gray, M.J. Clarke, D Cutter, S Darby, P McGale, Huade Pan, C Taylor, Yiwei Wang, Mitch Dowsett, James N Ingle, R Peto
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
Sam68-Like Mammalian Protein 2, Identified by Digital Differential Display as Expressed by Podocytes, Is Induced in Proteinuria and Involved in Splice Site Selection of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Authors: Clemens D. Cohen, Peter P. Doran, Simone M. Blattner, Monika Merkle, Guo Q. Wang, Holger Schmid, Peter W. Mathieson, Moin A. Saleem, Anna Henger, Maria P. Rastaldi, Matthias Kretzler
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Podocytes, the glomerular epithelial cells of the kidney, share important features with neuronal cells. In addition to phenotypical and functional similarities, a number of gene products have been found to be expressed exclusively or predominantly by both cell types. With the hypothesis of a common transcriptome shared by podocytes and neurons, digital differential display was used to identify novel podocyte-expressed gene products. Comparison of brain and kidney cDNA libraries with those of other organs identified Sam68-like mammalian protein 2 (SLM-2), a member of the STAR family of RNA processing proteins, as expressed by podocytes. SLM-2 expression was found to be restricted in the kidney to podocytes. In proteinuric diseases, SLM-2, a known regulator of neuronal mRNA splice site selection, was found significantly upregulated on mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of SLM-2 by short interfering RNA in podocytes was performed to evaluate its biologic role. RNA splicing of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key regulator of the filtration barrier and expressed as functionally distinct splice isoforms, was evaluated. VEGF(165) expression was found to be reduced by 25% after SLM-2 knockdown. In vivo, the glomerular expression of SLM-2 correlated with the mRNA levels of VEGF(165). This study demonstrates the power of digital differential display to predict cell type-specific gene expression by hypothesis-driven analysis of tissue cDNA libraries. SLM-2-dependent VEGF splicing indicates the importance of mRNA splice site selection for glomerular filtration barrier function.
The Need for Regional Integrated Care for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: John P. Vavalle, Christopher B. Granger
Journal: Circulation (2011)

A 57-year-old man suffered a sudden cardiac arrest at home, witnessed by his son, who called 911 and began cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately.Emergency medical services (EMS) were activated and arrived on the scene within 10 minutes.The patient was found to be in ventricular fibrillation and was defibrillated 5 times by EMS.He was intubated in the field, and an ECG revealed inferior STsegment elevation.The Reperfusion of Acute Myocardial Infarction in North Carolina Emergency Departments protocol was initiated.He was transported across county lines, past a non-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) hospital, directly to a PCI facility, where the preactivated catheterization laboratory was awaiting arrival (Figure 1).On presentation, he was comatose with a pulse of 90/min, blood pressure of 90/ 70 mm Hg, and had pulmonary edema with distant heart tones.Case 2 presentation: A 76-year-old man was driven by his family to his local emergency department after having 1 day of worsening shortness of breath and 2 hours of substernal chest pain.On arrival to this non-PCI facility, he was found to be in respiratory
Central aponeurosis tears of the rectus femoris: practical sonographic prognosis
Authors: R Balius, A Maestro, C Pedret, A Estruch, J Mota, L Rodríguez, P García, E Mauri
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

This study is a statistical analysis to establish whether a correlation exists between the level and degree of rectus femoris (RF) central tendon injury and the amount of time that an athlete is unable to participate subsequently, referred to as "sports participation absence" (SPA).Causal-comparative study.35 players from two high-level Spanish soccer teams with an injury to the central tendon of the RF based on clinical and ultrasound criteria.Ultrasound examination was performed with an 8-2 MHz linear multifrequency transducer. All studies included both longitudinal and transverse RF sections.At the proximal level the SPA time is 45.1 days when the injury length is 4.0 cm. This value increases by 5.3 days with each 1 cm increase in the length of injury. In the case of distal level injury, SPA time is 32.9 days when the injury length is 3.9 cm. This value increases by 3.4 days with each 1 cm increase. In the total representative sample, SPA time when the injury length is 4.2 cm corresponds to 39.1 days. This value increases by 4.2 days per length unit.RF central tendon injury at the proximal level is associated with a greater SPA time than at the distal level. Patients with a grade II injury have an SPA time longer than those with a grade I injury whether the injury is located proximal or distal.
Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and filled root canals of teeth associated with apical periodontitis
Authors: Qian-Qian Wang, Cheng-Fei Zhang, Chun-Hung Chu, Xiao-Fei Zhu
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

To investigate the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and filled root canals of patients requiring endodontic retreatment for apical periodontitis. Patients with apical periodontitis who were referred for endodontic retreatment were examined. The type and quality of the restoration, symptoms, quality of obturation were recorded. During retreatment, an oral rinse sample and root canal sample were cultured using brain-heart infusion agar and bile esculinazide agar to select for E. faecalis. The 16S rRNA technique was used to identify E. faecalis. A total of 32 women and 22 men (mean age: 38 years; s.d.: 11 years) and 58 teeth were studied. The prevalence of E. faecalis was 19% in the saliva and 38% in the root canals. The odds that root canals harbored E. faecalis were increased if the saliva habored this bacterium (odds ratio=9.7; 95% confidence interval=1.8–51.6; P<0.05). Teeth with unsatisfactory root obturation had more cultivable bacterial species in root canals than teeth with satisfactory root obturation (P<0.05). E. faecalis is more common in root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis than in saliva. The prevalence of E. faecalis in root canals is associated with the presence of E. faecalis in saliva. Pathogenic bacteria in the saliva, including Enterococcus faecalis, can colonize imperfectly sealed root canals, research from China shows. E. faecalis is associated with chronic periodontitis and often found in the mouths of patients who have undergone root canal or other endodontic procedures. From a study of 54 patients with periodontitis and root canals requiring retreatment, a research team led by Cheng-Fei Zhang of the University of Hong Kong observed a significant association between E. faecalis in the saliva and the presence of this species within root canals. However, the researchers generally detected these bacteria more at root canal sites than in saliva. They also found that poorly sealed canals generally contained more diverse populations of bacteria, highlighting that greater care should be taken in performing this procedure.
Loss of the Mismatch Repair Protein MSH6 in Human Glioblastomas Is Associated with Tumor Progression during Temozolomide Treatment
Authors: Daniel P. Cahill, Kymberly K. Levine, Rebecca A. Betensky, Patrick J. Codd, Candice A. Romany, Linsey B. Reavie, Tracy T. Batchelor, P. Andrew Futreal, Michael R. Stratton, William T. Curry, A. John Iafrate, David N. Louis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Glioblastomas are treated by surgical resection followed by radiotherapy [X-ray therapy (XRT)] and the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide. Recently, inactivating mutations in the mismatch repair gene MSH6 were identified in two glioblastomas recurrent post-temozolomide. Because mismatch repair pathway inactivation is a known mediator of alkylator resistance in vitro, these findings suggested that MSH6 inactivation was causally linked to these two recurrences. However, the extent of involvement of MSH6 in glioblastoma is unknown. We sought to determine the overall frequency and clinical relevance of MSH6 alterations in glioblastomas.The MSH6 gene was sequenced in 54 glioblastomas. MSH6 and O(6)-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) immunohistochemistry was systematically scored in a panel of 46 clinically well-characterized glioblastomas, and the corresponding patient response to treatment evaluated.MSH6 mutation was not observed in any pretreatment glioblastoma (0 of 40), whereas 3 of 14 recurrent cases had somatic mutations (P = 0.015). MSH6 protein expression was detected in all pretreatment (17 of 17) cases examined but, notably, expression was lost in 7 of 17 (41%) recurrences from matched post-XRT + temozolomide cases (P = 0.016). Loss of MSH6 was not associated with O(6)-methylguanine methyltransferase status. Measurements of in vivo tumor growth using three-dimensional reconstructed magnetic resonance imaging showed that MSH6-negative glioblastomas had a markedly increased rate of growth while under temozolomide treatment (3.17 versus 0.04 cc/mo for MSH6-positive tumors; P = 0.020).Loss of MSH6 occurs in a subset of post-XRT + temozolomide glioblastoma recurrences and is associated with tumor progression during temozolomide treatment, mirroring the alkylator resistance conferred by MSH6 inactivation in vitro. MSH6 deficiency may therefore contribute to the emergence of recurrent glioblastomas during temozolomide treatment.
pH-sensitive polymeric micelles triggered drug release for extracellular and intracellular drug targeting delivery
Authors: Yanhua Liu, Wenping Wang, Jianhong Yang, Chengming Zhou, Jin Sun
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013)

Most of the conventional chemotherapeutic agents used for cancer chemotherapy suffer from multidrug resistance of tumor cells and poor antitumor efficacy. Based on physiological differences between the normal tissue and the tumor tissue, one effective approach to improve the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy is to develop pH-sensitive polymeric micellar delivery systems. The copolymers with reversible protonation–deprotonation core units or acid-liable bonds between the therapeutic agents and the micelle-forming copolymers can be used to form pH-sensitive polymeric micelles for extracellular and intracellular drug smart release. These systems can be triggered to release drug in response to the slightly acidic extracellular fluids of tumor tissue after accumulation in tumor tissues via the enhanced permeability and retention effect, or they can be triggered to release drug in endosomes or lysosomes by pH-controlled micelle hydrolysis or dissociation after uptake by cells via the endocytic pathway. The pH-sensitive micelles have been proved the specific tumor cell targeting, enhanced cellular internalization, rapid drug release, and multidrug resistance reversal. The multifunctional polymeric micelles combining extracellular pH-sensitivity with receptor-mediated active targeting strategies are of great interest for enhanced tumor targeting. The micelles with receptor-mediated and intracellular pH targeting functions are internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by endosomal-pH triggered drug release inside the cells, which reverses multidrug resistance. The pH sensitivity strategy of the polymeric micelles facilitates the specific drug delivery with reduced systemic side effects and improved chemotherapeutical efficacy, and is a novel promising platform for tumor-targeting drug delivery.
Antibodies to double-stranded (native) DNA in active chronic hepatitis.
Authors: P Davis, A E Read
Journal: Gut (1975)

Sera from 36 patients with active chronic hepatitis were studied for the presence of antibodies to double-stranded (native) DNA. These antibodies are a specific antinuclear antibody previously shown to have a high degree of specificity for systemic lupus erythematosus. Fifteen of the 36 patients (42%) were found to have levels of antibody usually only reported in systemic lupus erythematosus and higher than those seen in a control population. Anti-DNA antibodies were not found in a group of 22 patients with other forms of liver disease.
CASES OF PURPURA, ENDING FATALLY, ASSOCIATED WITH HAEMORRHAGE INTO THE SUPRARENAL CAPSULES
Authors: E. GRAHAM LITTLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1901)

Journal Article CASES OF PURPURA, ENDING FATALLY, ASSOCIATED WITH HÆMORRHAGE INTO THE SUPRARENAL CAPSULES Get access E. GRAHAM LITTLE, B.A. CAPE UNIV., M.D. LOND., M.R.C.P. LOND. E. GRAHAM LITTLE, B.A. CAPE UNIV., M.D. LOND., M.R.C.P. LOND. Assistant Physician Physician in Charge of the Skin‐Department at the East London Hospital for Children and Dispensary for Women, Shadwell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 13, Issue 12, 1 December 1901, Pages 445–467, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1901.tb16353.x Published: 01 December 1901
Expression of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Cell Adhesion Molecule 6 Oncoprotein in Atypical Ductal Hyperplastic Tissues Is Associated with the Development of Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Indira Poola, Babok Shokrani, Rakesh Bhatnagar, Robert L. DeWitty, Qingqi Yue, George Bonney
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Background: Epidemiologic studies have established that women with prior atypical ductal hyperplastic (ADH) lesions have a 5-fold increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer (IBC). However, there is currently no means of identifying a subclass of ADH from women who will most likely develop cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether elevated expression of carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) in ADH tissues is associated with the development of IBC. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with archival ADH tissues and clinical information on the development/nondevelopment of IBC. The control group was ADH from patients who had no prior history of IBC and did not develop cancer within 5 years after the diagnosis of ADH (n = 44). The test group was ADH from patients who either developed cancer concurrently or subsequently after diagnosis (ADHC; n = 44). The expression of CEACAM6 was studied by immunohistochemistry and the results were statistically analyzed for significant association to develop cancer (P value), specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Results: Of the 44 control ADH tissues from patients with no history of cancer, 9 were positive for CEACAM6. Among the ADHC tissues, 40 of 44 samples were positive. Statistical analysis of CEACAM6 expression data showed a significant association between its expression and cancer development, high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Conclusions: The expression of CEACAM6 in ADH lesions is strongly associated with the development of IBC, therefore, it can be applied as a diagnostic marker either singly or in combination with other marker(s) to predict IBC development in women with ADH lesions. It could also be a potential molecular therapeutic target for preventing IBC.
Transbronchial biopsy as a tool to evaluate small-airways disease in asthma. Cons
Authors: A. James, N. Carroll
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Recently, there has been renewed interest in the importance of the small airways (internal perimeter <6 mm) in asthma 1. This was initiated largely by the observation that the use of the inhaled corticosteroid beclomethasone as a small-particle formulation, with greater penetration to the peripheral lung, results in similar improvements in symptoms and lung function at half the delivered dose of standard formulations of beclomethasone 2. The structure of the small airways is altered in asthma, even in mild cases 3, and structural changes in the small airways will theoretically lead to greater alterations in airway mechanics than similar changes in the central airways 4. Therefore, it seems desirable to find a way to safely assess the pathology of small airways in asthma. Transbronchial biopsy (TBB) is not the way to do it, at least not yet.

In this issue of the Journal, Balzar et al. 5 have shown that small airways are present in 45% of TBB specimens from patients with severe asthma. In the same cases, the density (cells·mm−2) of inflammatory cells in the small airways (membranous bronchioles and smaller) seen in TBB was greater than the density in endoscopic bronchoscopic biopsies (EBB) from medium and large airways (cartilaginous bronchi) of patients with severe asthma. The authors conclude that TBB may be used to assess pathological changes in small airways in asthma. They have shown considerable endeavour in highlighting the potential of these tissue specimens for study. However, TBB should not yet be regarded as a useful tool for assessing asthma, for two reasons: 1) the significance of greater numbers of inflammatory cells·mm−2 in the distal airway compared with central airways as a marker of a pathological process needs to be validated; and 2) the usefulness of the results does not outweigh the …
Human B-lymphocyte antigens expressed by lymphocytic and myelocytic leukemia cells. I. Detection by rabbit antisera.
Authors: R Billing, B Rafizadeh, I Drew, G Hartman, R Gale, P Terasaki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

A previously uncharacterized human B-lymphocyte antigen has been detected by rabbit antisera raised to papain digests of spleen cell membranes. The unabsorbed sera reacted in both cytotoxicity and immunofluorescent tests with normal B lymphocytes and cultured B-cell lines but not with normal T lymphocytes or cultured T-cell lines. The cytotoxicity titers against B cells were as high as 1:32,000, whereas the same sera undiluted were negative against T cells. By immunofluorescent staining 6-14% of unfractionated normal lymphocytes and 48-85% of B-rich lymphocyte preparations were positive. Normal peripheral blood granulocytes, platelets, erythrocytes, and phytohemagglutinin blasts were negative. The antisera reacted with the same high titers against leukemia cells from approximately 70% of the patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, and seven of eight cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. From absorption studies it appeared that the same antigen was being expressed by leukemia cells and normal B lymphocytes. Using immunofluorescent staining the anti-B-cell antisera were able to detect positive leukemia cells in the bone marrow of patients with advanced leukemia and to monitor the elimination of these cells after chemotherapy. Soluble B-cell antigen was found in the serum of some leukemia and lymphoma patients do but not in normal serum.
HELMET USE AMONG SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: K Pfister, N Romanow, C Emery, W Meeuwisse, A Nettel-Aguirre, B Hagel
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background There is little information on ski/snowboard helmet prevalence at ski areas in southern Alberta, with no published reports on correct helmet fit or helmet standards. Objective To determine the prevalence of helmet use and correct helmet fit among skiers/snowboarders at an Alberta ski area. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting An urban ski area in Alberta, Canada. Participants Skiers/snowboarders of all ages. Risk factor assessment Skiers/snowboarders were interviewed (n=914) and systematically observed (n=2014) at the ski area. Main outcome measurements Helmet use and correct helmet fit. Prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each outcome separately for interviews and systematic observations. Results Preliminary results for helmet use indicate that the likelihood of wearing a helmet is higher for those &lt;13 years old (PR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01–1.17) and for 13–17 year olds (PR 1.13; 95% CI 1.07–1.20) compared with older participants; skiing/snowboarding with adults (PR 1.24; 95% CI 1.11–1.40) vs. alone, and if adult companions were wearing a helmet (PR 3.01; 95% CI 1.71–5.30). Preliminary results for helmet fit indicate that the likelihood of wearing a helmet correctly increases if skiing/snowboarding with adults and children (PR 2.86; 95% CI 1.28–6.36) vs. no companions, and if the child was wearing a helmet (PR 4.45; 95%CI 1.22− 16.28). The likelihood of wearing a helmet correctly was lower for ages 13–17 (PR 0.80; 95% CI 0.69–0.93) compared with 18–54 and for snowboarders (PR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77–0.97) compared with skiers. Conclusions This information has the potential to influence policy regarding mandatory helmet use and may be used to educate those with an interest in helmet safety and the public on the use and correct use of a helmet.
Monoclonal antibodies detect receptor-induced binding sites in Glu-plasminogen
Authors: Jaena Han, Nagyung Baik, Kee-Hwan Kim, Jian-Ming Yang, Gye Won Han, Yun Gong, Mercè Jardí, Francis J. Castellino, Jordi Felez, Robert J. Parmer, Lindsey A. Miles
Journal: Blood (2011)
Pulmonary Function in Long-Term Survivors of Testicular Cancer
Authors: Hege S. Haugnes, Nina Aass, Sophie D. Fosså, Olav Dahl, Marianne Brydøy, Ulf Aasebø, Tom Wilsgaard, Roy M. Bremnes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Long-term toxicity after cancer treatment has gained increasing clinical attention. We evaluated pulmonary function in long-term survivors of testicular cancer (TC).The pulmonary function of 1,049 TC survivors treated during 1980 to 1994 at three university hospitals in Norway was assessed by spirometry and a questionnaire (1998 to 2002). The patients were categorized into five treatment groups, as follows: surgery only (n = 202); radiotherapy only (n = 449); chemotherapy (cisplatin < or = 850 mg; n = 306); chemotherapy (cisplatin > 850 mg [higher-dose group]; n = 62); and chemotherapy and pulmonary surgery (cis/pulmsurg; n = 30). Spirometry variables included forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Actual values and percentages of predicted normal values (FVC%pred and FEV1%pred, respectively) are reported. Restrictive lung disease was defined as FEV1/FVC > or = 70% and FVC%pred less than 80%.Median observation time was 11.2 years (range, 5 to 21 years). Compared with the surgery group, the higher-dose or cis/pulmsurg groups had considerably lower age-adjusted FVC (higher-dose: beta = -.37; P = .001; cis/pulmsurg: beta = -.58; P < .001), FEV1 (higher-dose: beta = -.24; P = .014; cis/pulmsurg: beta = -.55; P < .001), FVC%pred (higher-dose: beta = -8.3; cis/pulmsurg: beta = -10.5; bothP < .001), and FEV1%pred (higher-dose: beta = -6.8; P = .003; cis/pulmsurg: beta = -12.4; P < .001). Adjustment for total testosterone, body mass index, smoking, and physical activity did not change these associations. Eight percent of all patients had restrictive lung disease, and the highest prevalence was in the higher-dose group (17.7%) and the cis/pulmsurg (16.7%) group. Compared with patients who underwent surgery only, these groups had odds ratio for restrictive disease of 3.1 (95% CI, 1.3 to 7.3) and 2.5 (95% CI, 0.8 to 7.6), respectively.Large doses of cisplatin-based chemotherapy and combined chemotherapy/pulmonary surgery are significantly associated with decreased pulmonary function several years after TC treatment.