tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
First trimester prenatal diagnosis and detection of carriers of haemophilia A using the linked DNA probe DX13.
Authors: R M Winter, K Harper, E Goldman, R S Mibashan, R C Warren, C H Rodeck, R J Penketh, R H Ward, R M Hardisty, M E Pembrey
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Although the use of a gene specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probe is the method of choice for detecting carriers of genes for rare genetic disorders, there will always be families in which such probes cannot be used because key subjects are not informative for restriction fragment length polymorphisms in or around the gene. In these cases closely linked DNA markers have to be used. An X chromosome specific DNA probe, DX13, which is closely linked to the haemophilia A locus on the X chromosome, was used for early prenatal diagnosis in two cases and to detect carriers in a series of nine possible heterozygote women. The first reported crossover between DX13 and the factor VIII:C locus was observed in this study. There are complexities inherent in using any linked DNA probe for assignment of genes, but such techniques are clinically important.
Chickenpox in pregnancy. Acyclovir for uncomplicated chickenpox?
Authors: C H Mann, M P Wyldes
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Recently we treated a 42 year old man with bowel obstruction at multiple sites due to advanced colonic carcinoma.A course of high dose steroids given eight months previously for radiotherapy induced emesis had resulted in a rapid evolution of a hypomanic state with complete insomnia.While treating him with steroids for his obstruction4 we infused 12mg of dexamethasone during the day and substituted a low dose of midazolam infusion at night.On this regimen his insomnia or hypomania did not recur and his bowel obstruction resolved on day 12.When he was converted to oral medication, diazepam 10mg was substituted for midazolam at night and he continued to sleep well.Sleep disturbance is not one of the best known side effects of steroids, but insomnia has medical and social sequelae that require recognition and action.Appropriate prescribing even in the most difficult cases may allow the patient enormous benefit from steroids and a good night's sleep.
Eubacterial HslV and HslU Subunits Homologs in Primordial Eukaryotes
Authors: Bernard Couvreur, Rudy Wattiez, Alex Bollen, Paul Falmagne, Dominique Le Ray, Jean-Claude Dujardin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

ATP-dependent protease complexes are present in all three kingdoms of life, where they rid the cell of misfolded or damaged proteins and control the level of certain regulatory proteins. They include the proteasome in Eukaryotes, Archea, and Actinomycetales and the HslVU (ClpQY) complex in other eubacteria. We showed that genes homologous to eubacterial HslV (ClpQ) and HslU (ClpY) are present in the genome of trypanosomatid protozoa and are expressed. The features of the cDNAs indicated that bona fide trypanosomatid messengers had been cloned and ruled out bacterial contamination as the source of the material. The N-terminal microsequence of HslV from Leishmania infantum (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) permitted the identification of the propeptide cleavage site and indicated that an active protease is present. High similarities (≥57.5%) with the prototypical HslV and HslU from Escherichia coli and conservation of residues essential for biochemical activity suggested that a functional HslVU complex is present in trypanosomatid protozoa. The structure of the N-termini of HslV and HslU further suggested mitochondrial localization. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that HslV and HslU from trypanosomatids clustered with eubacterial homologs but did not point to any particular bacterial lineage. Because typical eukaryotic 20S proteasomes are present in trypanosomatids, we concluded that the eubacterial HslVU and the eukaryotic multicatalytic protease are simultaneously present in these organisms. To our knowledge this is the first report of a eubacterial HslVU complex in eukaryotes and, consequently, of the simultaneous occurrence of both a proteasome and HslVU in living cells.
Role of the Na <sup>+</sup> /H <sup>+</sup> Exchanger in Short-Term Atrial Electrophysiological Remodeling
Authors: J. Vijay Jayachandran, Douglas P. Zipes, Juan Weksler, Jeffrey E. Olgin
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The pathophysiology underlying electrophysiological remodeling (ER) from rapid atrial rates is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that activation of the Na + /H + exchanger (NHE) by ischemia contributes to ER. Methods and Results —Twenty-eight dogs were studied under autonomic blockade. In 15 closed-chest dogs, atrial fibrillation was simulated by right atrial pacing at 600 bpm over 5 hours. Of these, 9 (pace/NHEI) received HOE642, a selective inhibitor of the NHE, and 6 (pace/control) received saline. In pace/controls, atrial effective refractory period (AERP) at a drive cycle length (DCL) of 400 ms shortened from 143±7 to 118±5 ms (1 hour) and to 122±17 ms (5 hours). Shortening of AERP was prevented in the pace/NHEI group ( P =0.02 compared with pace/controls). At baseline in all 15 dogs, pacing at shorter DCL resulted in shortening of AERP (physiological rate adaptation), which was lost at 5 hours in pace/controls. In pace/NHEI animals, rate adaptation was maintained despite 5 hours of pacing ( P =0.02). In 13 other open-chest dogs, right atrial ERP was determined before and after occlusion of the right coronary artery. Five received HOE642 (ischemia/NHEI), 5 saline (ischemia/control), and 3 intravenous glibenclamide. In ischemia/controls, AERP 400 decreased (156±30 to 130±32 ms). Shortening of AERP was not prevented by glibenclamide (180±20 to 153±33 ms) but was prevented in ischemia/NHEI dogs (169±12 to 184±19 ms, P =0.001 compared with ischemia/controls and ischemia/glibenclamide). Rate adaptation was lost in ischemia/controls and preserved in ischemia/NHEI dogs ( P =0.02). Conclusions —Activation of the NHE is one mechanism underlying short-term ER.
Injury and Violence Prevention: Behavioral Science Theories, Methods, and Applications
Authors: Kyran Quinlan
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Opposite Effects of Training in Rats With Stable and Progressive Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: M.L. Handoko, F.S. de Man, C.M. Happé, I. Schalij, R.J.P. Musters, N. Westerhof, P.E. Postmus, W.J. Paulus, W.J. van der Laarse, A. Vonk-Noordegraaf
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Exercise training in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) is a promising adjunct to medical treatment. However, it is still unclear whether training is beneficial for all PH patients. We hypothesized that right ventricular adaptation plays a pivotal role in the response to training. Methods and Results— Two different dosages of monocrotaline were used in rats to model stable PH with preserved cardiac output and progressive PH developing right heart failure. Two weeks after injection, PH was confirmed by echocardiography, and treadmill training was initiated. Rats were trained for 4 weeks unless manifest right heart failure developed earlier. At the end of the study protocol, all rats were functionally assessed by endurance testing, echocardiography, and invasive pressure measurements. Lungs and hearts were further analyzed in quantitative histomorphologic analyses. In stable PH, exercise training was well tolerated and markedly increased exercise endurance (from 25±3.9 to 62±3.9 minutes; P &lt;0.001). Moreover, capillary density increased significantly (from 1.21±0.12 to 1.51±0.07 capillaries per cardiomyocyte; P &lt;0.05). However, in progressive PH, exercise training worsened survival (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 14.2) and increased pulmonary vascular remodeling. In addition, training induced widespread leukocyte infiltration into the right ventricle (from 135±14 to 276±18 leukocytes per 1 mm 2 ; P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— In our rat model, exercise training was found to be beneficial in stable PH but detrimental in progressive PH. Future studies are necessary to address the clinical implications of our findings.
A STUDY OF THE TUBERCULIN REACTIONS IN SKIN AND EYE: A SERIES OF ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-THREE CASES
Authors: C. McNeil
Journal: BMJ (1909)

S. Doubtful signs of phthisis pulmonalis; no tubercle bacilli in sputum; splenic extract iv.Strong suspicion.Dr. Heredia's case.Suspected tuberculous peritonitis; splenic -extract iv.Strong precipitate in six hours.Dr. Surveyor's case of obstinate fever; suspicion of .pulmonarytuberculosis; no tubercle bacilli in sputum; splenic extract iv.Strong reaction in eight hours.Dr. Purshotum's case of phthisis pulmonalis ; six months -improving; tubercle bacilli found in sputum; splenic extract iv.4Strong reaction in six hours.
The Weight of Evidence on the Association of Isotretinoin Use and the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Cătălin Mihai Popescu, Michael Bigby
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections: A New Source for Nosocomial Outbreaks
Authors: LOUIS D. SARAVOLATZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Over a 19-month period, 165 patients with 183 infections caused by community-acquired, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were seen at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. The proportion of community-acquired staphylococcal infections resistant to methicillin rose from 3% in March 1980 to 38% in September 1981. Drug abuse, serious underlying illness, previous antimicrobial therapy, and previous hospitalization were all associated with the development of this infection. Concurrent with the community epidemic was a nosocomial epidemic of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection, which accounted for 30.6% of all nosocomial staphylococcal infections in January 1981. Control measures that included isolation, discharge precautions for carriers, and eradication of employee carriage were effective in preventing nosocomial transmission. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus carriage among employees was 0.7%. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus may originate in the community as well as in the hospital, and presents a threat to patients in both settings.
Dynamic Micelle Laser Light Scattering Studies of the to Vesicle Transition in Model and Native Bile
Authors: Peter Schurtenberger, Norman A. Mazer, Werner Känzig
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Using quasielastic light scattering, we investigated the formation of vesicles produced spontaneously by diluting a mixed micellar solution of bile salt and lecithin beyond the micellar phase boundary. The vesicles were nearly monodisperse, and their size varied between 120 to 500 A depending upon the dilution conditions. A systematic study of the dependence of the vesicle size upon the bile salt and lecithin concentration was made and interpreted in terms of a simple equilibrium model. Likewise, the particle size distribution in native bile obtained from the dog was studied. A comparison of the dilution effect on native bile and on model bile of identical biliary Iipid composition provides unambiguous evidence for micellar aggregates and the occurrence of a micelle to vesicle transition in native bile.
The Metabolism and Mechanism of Action of Aldosterone*
Authors: DAVID J. MORRIS
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1981)

ALTHOUGH the clinical importance of the adrenal cortex in the regulation of electrolyte balance had long been realized (1), it was not until the early 1950s that the major regulatory steroid, aldosterone, was isolated and identified by Simpson et al. (2). Simpson and Tait used a sensitive mineralocorticoid bioassay based on changes of urinary 24Na/42K ratios in adrenalectomized rats to help isolate aldosterone (3). Aldosterone is still the most potent mineralocorticoid known: 30–50 times more potent than deoxycorticosterone and at least a thousand times more active than the glucocorticoids, cortisol and corticosterone. Aldosterone's greater potency is balanced by a reduced secretory rate compared with most other adrenal steroids (4, 5). Its synthesis, exclusively by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, is responsive to dietary sodium and potassium manipulations and more acutely to ACTH, plasma potassium concentrations, and the renin-angiotensin system (5, 6). Many of the initial investigations were undertaken principally to study regulation of the secretion of aldosterone in normal and pathophysiological conditions.
Genetics of kidney failure and the evolving story of APOL1
Authors: David J. Friedman, Martin R. Pollak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results from a wide array of processes that impair the kidney’s ability to perform its major functions. As many as 20 million Americans suffer from CKD and nearly a half million from end-stage renal disease, but there are also examples of centenarians with adequate renal function. Family-based and genome-wide studies suggest that genetic differences substantially influence an individual’s lifetime risk for kidney disease. One emerging theme is that evolution of genes related to host defense against pathogens may limit kidney longevity. The identification of these genetic factors will be critical for expanding our understanding of renal development and function as well as for the design of novel therapeutics for kidney disease.
Control of Recurrent Tachycardia of Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome by Surgical Ligature of the A-V Bundle
Authors: LEONARD S. DREIFUS, HENRY NICHOLS, DRYDEN MORSE, YOSHIO WATANABE, RAYMOND TRUEX
Journal: Circulation (1968)

In a patient with WPW, type A, pharmacological therapy and radioactive iodine failed to control the disabling, life-threatening arrhythmia. Surgical ligation of the A-V bundle was undertaken in view of the rapidly deteriorating clinical course. Failure to identify A-V block after several sutures were placed in the A-V junction and subsequent activation of the ventricles in a heart with known A-V block demonstrates that the accessory A-V bundles may completely activate the ventricles. Complete elimination of the recurrent tachycardias after A-V ligation suggests that the normal A-V transmission system may be a crucial link in the circus pathway of WPW tachycardia.
Hypotension Caused by Extracorporeal Circulation
Authors: Piet Borgdorff, Durk Fekkes, Geert Jan Tangelder
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodialysis often cause hypotension. We investigated a possible role of pump-induced platelet activation with consequent serotonin release.In rats, a heparin-coated extracorporeal shunt was placed between the proximal part of a carotid artery and the distal part of a femoral artery. Autoperfusion did not affect platelets or hemodynamics. Pump perfusion, however, immediately elicited strong platelet aggregation, whereas aortic pressure rapidly fell to 60+/-12% (mean+/-SD) of its prepump value, partially recovered, and then progressively decreased to 70+/-12% at 2 hours. Femoral resistance doubled and then decreased to 59+/-11%. The initial changes in aortic pressure and femoral resistance were proportional to the amount of platelet aggregation, were accompanied by a rise (6-fold) in plasma serotonin levels downstream of the pump, but not in the aorta, and could be mimicked by serotonin-infusion into the leg. All hemodynamic changes were prevented or largely reduced by blockade of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2 receptors with pizotifen or ritanserin. The hypotension and femoral resistance decrease could also be prevented or abolished by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), an intermediate in 5-HT(2B) receptor-induced vasodilation. When the extracorporeal blood was pumped into the aortic arch instead of the femoral artery, the hypotensive effect was similar and also NO dependent, but it was absent with venous return.Pump perfusion with arterial return of the blood causes hypotension by endothelial NO-release, which in turn is triggered by serotonin from activated platelets.
Review that found PIP implants to be safe was flawed, say campaigners
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Environmental campaigners have raised further concerns about silicone breast implants manufactured by the French company Poly Implant Prothese (PIP), saying that they contained an endocrine disrupting chemical that at low doses could damage developing fetuses.

Their article in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine said that the silicone in the PIP implants had a higher proportion of small sized siloxane molecules D4, D5, and D6 than the norm. It said that even low doses of D4 (octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane) could affect a developing fetus.1

The article disagreed with the conclusion of the expert group chaired by the NHS’s medical director, Bruce …
<i>HHIP</i>,<i>HDAC4</i>,<i>NCR3</i>and<i>RARB</i>polymorphisms affect fetal, childhood and adult lung function: Table 1–
Authors: Samuel A. Collins, Jane S.A. Lucas, Hazel M. Inskip, Keith M. Godfrey, Graham Roberts, John W. Holloway
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

HHIP, HDAC4, NCR3 and RARB polymorphisms affect fetal, childhood and adult lung
History
Authors: Raymond Wolters
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Wintrobes Clinical Hematology
Authors: William R. Best
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Max Wintrobe died in 1986, five years after publication of the single-volume eighth edition. He had been the sole author from 1942 through the first six editions. Several coauthors joined him thereafter and have carried on his superb tradition in these volumes. For the first time they have called on an additional 33 contributors. This is the definitive reference work in clinical and experimental hematology. It is of interest to contrast the first edition of 51 years ago with this ninth edition. Cost has increased from $10 to $165; the approximate number of words from a half to 3 million; illustrations from 174 to 931; and color plates from 14 to 23. These increases have occurred particularly during the past 20 years. While I sampled generously of several chapters, I picked "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia" by John Foerster to illustrate the way knowledge of a component of hematology continues to advance.
Rarity of Drug Problems During Political Protest
Authors: William T. Carpenter
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor:—  The Vietnam Moratorium of Nov 13, 14, and 15, 1969, brought to the Washington, DC, metropolitan area between 180,000 and 800,000 people from all parts of this country and some from abroad. Anticipating this large influx of people, a group of local physicians provided facilities for emergency medical and psychiatric care. The organization and methods of providing emergency care under these circumstances have been described elsewhere (T. M. Chused, et al, unpublished data; W. T. Carpenter, et al, unpublished data). Medical and government officials expected adverse drug reactions (bad trips) to be a significant problem since large numbers of young people would be present. Records were kept so data would be available regarding the nature of psychiatric problems encountered. These data indicate that the reported difficulty from drug use was quite small.  Only 29 people were evaluated and treated at the emergency treatment facility during the three-day
Prognostic Value of Cortisol Response in Septic Shock
Authors: P. Marik
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal