tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leukemic proliferation of myeloblasts after granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor administration following lymphoma‐type chemotherapy in a patient with uterine cervical myeloblastoma
Authors: Seiji Kawano, Eiji Tatsumi, Noriko Yoneda, Nobuo Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Yoshida, Toshiki Natazuka, Toshimitsu Matsui, Yoshinobu Nakao, Takehito Ota, Masaki Deguchi, Matsuto Mochizuki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)
Reconstitution of human Fc gamma RIII cell type specificity in transgenic mice.
Authors: M Li, U Wirthmueller, J V Ravetch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The human low affinity receptors for the Fc domain of immunoglobulin G, Fc gamma RIII, are encoded by two genes (IIIA and IIIB) which share &amp;gt;95% sequence identity in both coding and flanking sequences. Despite this extraordinary sequence conservation, IIIA is expressed in natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages and is absent in neutrophils, whereas IIIB is expressed only in neutrophils. To determine the molecular basis for this differential expression, we have generated transgenic mice using the genomic sequences of IIIA and IIIB. IIIA and IIIB transgenic mice show faithful reconstitution of this human pattern of cell type specificity. To determine the cis acting sequence elements that confer this specificity, we constructed chimeric genes in which 5.8 kb of 5' sequences of the IIIB gene has been replaced with a homologous region from the IIIA gene, and conversely, IIIA 5' sequences have been substituted for the analogous region of the IIIB gene. Promoter swap transgenic mice that carry IIIA 5' flanking sequences express Fc gamma RIII in macrophages and NK cells. In contrast, promoter swap transgenic mice that contain IIIB 5' sequences express Fc gamma RIII in neutrophils only. These studies define the elements conferring the cell type-specific expression of the human Fc gamma RIII genes within the 5' flanking sequences and first intron of the human Fc gamma RIIIA and Fc gamma RIIIB genes.
Structural and inflammatory changes in COPD: a comparison with asthma.
Authors: P K Jeffery
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality.In Europe COPD and asthma, together with pneumonia, are the third most common cause of death.In North America COPD is the fourth leading cause of death, and mortality rates and prevalence are increasing.The incidence and morbidity from COPD are rising.The main risk factors are cigarette smoking and occupational exposure.
Pilot study of combination treatment for gall stones with medium dose chenodeoxycholic acid and a terpene preparation.
Authors: W R Ellis, K W Somerville, B H Whitten, G D Bell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Thirty patients with radiolucent stones in a radiologically functioning gall bladder were treated for up to two years with a combination of Rowachol (one capsule twice daily), a mixture of cyclic monoterpenes, and chenodeoxycholic acid (7.0-10.5 mg/kg/day). The patients were not selected for body weight or size of stones. All complete dissolutions diagnosed by oral cholecystography were confirmed or refuted by ultrasound examination. Control of symptoms was excellent, only one patient withdrawing from the study because of persistent biliary pain. No evidence of hepatotoxicity was detected biochemically, and diarrhoea due to chenodeoxycholic acid was minimal at this dose. Stones disappeared completely in 11 patients (37%) within one year and in 15 (50%) within two years. These results compared favourably with those obtained with similar doses of chenodeoxycholic acid alone, in particular those of the National Co-operative Gallstone Study (complete dissolution in 13.5% of patients at two years). Treatment with a combination of medium dose chenodeoxycholic acid with Rowachol for radiolucent gall stones is economical, effective, and likely to minimise persistent symptoms and adverse effects of treatment.
Probucol Normalizes Cholesteryl Ester Transfer in IDDM
Authors: J D Bagdade, E Stein, M C Ritter
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE Cholesteryl ester transfer (CET) is pathologically increased in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and the resulting enrichment of the apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins with cholesteryl ester (CE) is believed to increase their atherogenicity. Because we have shown previously that treatment with the lipid-modifying antioxidant probucol normalizes CET in nondiabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia, we sought to determine whether the same beneficial effects could be achieved in IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS CET was measured by both mass and isotopic assay in eight normolipidemic (triglyceride, 102; cholesterol, 192; high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, 45 mg/dl) IDDM patients (fructosamine 495 ± 146 μmol/l; normal 174–286) before and after 2 months of treatment with probucol (1.0 g/day). RESULTS Before treatment, CET was accelerated abnormally (P &amp;lt; 0.001). As expected, probucol decreased plasma (−13%; P &amp;lt; 0.025) and HDL2 cholesterol levels (−52%; P &amp;lt; 0.025) and the concentration of lipoprotein A-I particles (P &amp;lt; 0.025). In conjunction with these changes, CET fell dramatically in all subjects (mass assay: −94%; isotopic assay: −22%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) with no change in the mass of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) (pretreatment 2.91 ± 0.97 vs. posttreatment 3.21 ± 1.03 μg/ml). Glycemic control, however, improved significantly (fructosamine 409 ± 85 μmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Because it is believed that accelerated CET promotes the formation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins enriched with atherogenic CE, the capacity of probucol to reverse this functional abnormality without adversely affecting glycemic control suggests that it has a place in the therapy of IDDM.
Location of the Journal.
Authors: A. C. Simonton
Journal: JAMA (1896)

San Jose, Cal., July 8, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Permit me a word on the question of permanent location of theJournal of the Association. This question has been submitted to the members of theAssociation, and each one should have been allowed to come to his own conclusion and cast his ballot in accordance therewith without any attempts at electioneering or log-rolling from any quarter. The editor has wisely abstained from any suggestions whatever. This is as it should be. But the silence has been broken by Dr. Newton of New Jersey. If electioneering is in order there may be a thousand members who would like to have a say. Shall we say it? If so extend the time of voting a month or two and keep everything else out of theJournaland we will have a picnic. I move that there be no further electioneering allowed in
Human/severe combined immunodeficient mouse chimeras. An experimental in vivo model system to study the regulation of human endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion molecules.
Authors: H C Yan, I Juhasz, J Pilewski, G F Murphy, M Herlyn, S M Albelda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The ability of circulating white blood cells to enter inflamed tissues is mediated by specific cell adhesion molecules thought to be expressed in a programmed and sequential manner to form an "adhesion cascade." Because of the complexity of this process, it is becoming increasingly important to develop in vivo models. Two major problems have limited the utility of current animal models. The first is the inability of many of the antibodies developed against cell adhesion molecules in human cell culture models to cross-react in animals. The second is the uncertainty in extrapolating animal (particularly rodent) findings to humans. To circumvent these problems, full thickness human skin grafts were transplanted onto immunodeficient (severe combined immunodeficient) mice. After 4-6 wk, the transplanted skin grafts closely resembled normal skin histologically and maintained their human vasculature as determined by immunohistochemical staining with human-specific endothelial cell markers. Intradermal injection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha resulted in the reversible upregulation of the leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and in an active inflammatory reaction with migration of murine leukocytes into cytokine-injected areas. These results indicate that the severe combined immunodeficient mouse/human skin transplant model provides a useful in vivo system in which to study human endothelium during the process of inflammation.
Exposure of Residues in the Cyclic Nucleotide–Gated Channel Pore: P Region Structure and Function in Gating
Authors: Zhong-Ping Sun, Myles H Akabas, Evan H Goulding, Arthur Karlin, Steven A Siegelbaum
Journal: Neuron (1996)

In voltage-gated ion channels and in the homologous cyclic nucleotide–gated (CNG) channels, the loop between the S5 and S6 transmembrane segments (P region) is thought to form the lining of the pore. To investigate the structure and the role in gating of the P region of the bovine retinal CNG channel, we determined the accessibility of 11 cysteine-substituted P region residues to small, charged sulfhydryl reagents applied to the inside and outside of membrane patches in the open and closed states of the channel. The results suggest that the P region forms a loop that extends toward the central axis of the channel, analogous to the L3 loop of bacterial porin channels. Furthermore, the P region, in addition to forming the ion selectivity filter, functions as the channel gate, the structure of which changes when the channel opens.
Adolescent Tobacco Use and Physical Activity
Authors: Sheldon B. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Escobedo et al<sup>1</sup>noted that present data indicate lower use of tobacco by high school athletes than among their noncompetitive peers. Many factors are postulated as responsible for this trend, including counseling from coaching staff about smoking and "perceptions about reduced sports performance because of smoking." Students and coaches see these as facts rather than perceptions. A recent conference presented by the Atlanta Coalition Against Tobacco (Athletics or Tobacco? November 13, 1992, Atlanta, Ga) brought forth many statements by students and athletes that attitudes of coaches are a significant factor in the avoidance of tobacco products by athletes. Many coaches make the use of tobacco a grounds for suspension, which obviously gets a very clear message across to the student athlete. Students are also quite aware of the effect of tobacco use on performance and that some activities such as competitive track competition are virtually incompatible
US Graduate Medical Education, 2000-2001
Authors: Sarah E. Brotherton
Journal: JAMA (2001)

For the last three quarters of a century, the American Medical Association's national collection of graduate medical education (GME) data has evolved in its scope and methods. This year's GME survey involved new technology. The National GME Census for 2000-2001, jointly administered by the American Medical Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges, was part of an Internet-based product called GME Track. Because of technical problems, data collection was less complete than in previous years. Similar to the 1999-2000 survey, we observed an increase in the number of subspecialty programs, with 79 more than last year (2.1% increase), and a decrease in the number of specialty programs, with 40 (0.9%) fewer. Parallel to this continuing trend was a decrease in the number of graduates of US medical schools who were matched into primary care residencies, particularly family practice programs (20% decrease compared with 1996-1997). The number of graduates of osteopathic medical schools training in allopathic programs continued to rise, increasing 7.9% from last year. Numbers of Hispanic and Asian graduates from US allopathic medical schools (USMDs) in graduate year 1 (GY1) positions increased numerically to 887 and 2356, respectively, and proportionally by 7.2% and 17.3%, respectively. Although the number of white USMDs in GY1 positions increased, their proportion decreased slightly among those with known race or ethnicity from 72.2% to 71.7%, and the number of black USMD GY1 residents, numbering 859, declined from the previous year. Although we observed an overall decline in the average number of on-duty hours expected of residents in their first year in a program (from 55 in 1996-1997 to 54 in 2000-2001; P<.001), the average number of hours reported by the majority of programs that typically report the most on-duty hours did not decrease. The issues of resident work hours and the diversity and specialty distribution of the physician workforce continue to foster debate.
Ionic dialysance allows an adequate estimate of urea distribution volume in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Salvatore D.I. Filippo, Celestina Manzoni, Simeone Andrulli, Giuseppe Pontoriero, Cesare Dell'Oro, Vincenzo L.A. Milia, Flavia Tentori, Monica Crepaldi, Maria Carla Bigi, Francesco Locatelli
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Frank Donal Schofield
Authors: A. Radford, L. Schofield
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The management of radiation-induced secondary malignancies in the female genital tract after pelvic radiation treatment for a primary gynecological tumor is a challenge for multidisciplinary teams that follow survivors. Considering the lack of data on the incidence of this disease and the absence of guidelines for its management, in this review, the available literature is analyzed to determine the characteristics and the clinical management of gynecological radiation-induced secondary malignancies. Gynecological radiation-induced secondary malignancies were found to be predominantly more aggressive, poorly differentiated, and had rare histologic types compared with sporadic tumors. The management is influenced by previous radiation doses and the localization of the radiation-induced secondary malignancies. Surgery, when feasible, was the cornerstone; re-irradiation was an option when a surgical approach was not feasible and high-dose conformal techniques should be preferred considering the need to spare previously irradiated surrounding normal tissues. Clinical outcomes, when reported, were poor in terms of local control and survival. Given the difficulty in managing these uncommon malignancies, a centralization of care in sites that are connected to research networks actively partaking in international discussions and with higher expertise in complicated surgery or radiotherapy should be considered to improve clinical outcomes.
D3-05: Prediction of best objective response and survival to the first-line chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer by 18FDG-PET
Authors: Jinji Yang, Yilong Wu, Yujuan Huang, Riqiang Liao, Yisheng Huang, Qing Zhou, Chongrui Xu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Identification of Fibrous Cap Rupture With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Highly Associated With Recent Transient Ischemic Attack or Stroke
Authors: Chun Yuan, Shao-xiong Zhang, Nayak L. Polissar, Denise Echelard, Geraldo Ortiz, Joseph W. Davis, Elizabeth Ellington, Marina S. Ferguson, Thomas S. Hatsukami
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — High-resolution MRI has been shown to be capable of distinguishing intact, thick fibrous caps from thin and ruptured caps in human carotid atherosclerosis in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine whether MRI identification of fibrous cap thinning or rupture is associated with a history of recent transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke. Methods and Results — Fifty-three consecutive patients (mean age, 71 years; 49 male) scheduled for carotid endarterectomy were recruited after obtaining informed consent. Twenty-eight subjects had a recent history of TIA or stroke on the side appropriate to the index carotid lesion, and 25 were asymptomatic. Preoperative carotid MRI was performed in a 1.5-T GE Signa scanner that generated T 1 -, PD-, and T 2 -weighted and three-dimensional time-of-flight images. Using previously reported MRI criteria, the fibrous cap was categorized as intact-thick, intact-thin, or ruptured for each carotid plaque by blinded review. There was a strong and statistically significant trend showing a higher percentage of symptomatic patients for ruptured caps (70%) compared with thick caps (9%) ( P =0.001 Mann-Whitney test for cap status versus symptoms). Compared with patients with thick fibrous caps, patients with ruptured caps were 23 times more likely to have had a recent TIA or stroke (95% CI=3, 210). Conclusions — MRI identification of a ruptured fibrous cap is highly associated with a recent history of TIA or stroke. Ongoing prospective studies will determine the predictive value fibrous cap characteristics, as visualized by MRI, for risk of subsequent ischemic events.
Reproducibility of arrhythmia induction with intracardiac electrophysiologic testing: Patients with clinical sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Peter J. Kudenchuk, Jack Kron, Charles G. Walance, Edward S. Murphy, Cynthia D. Morris, Karen K. Griffith, John H. Mcanulty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
144 ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE TO PLATELET RATIO INDEX (APRI) IS ASSOCIATED WITH IN-HOSPITAL LIVER DISEASE SEVERITY AND MORTALITY
Authors: C.R. Jayasekera, M. Lee, E.S. Echevarría, M.M. Kagimu, E. Seremba, C.K. Opio, P. Ocama, A. Ahmed
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
High prevalence of antimicrobial drug-resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in asymptomatic children living in an urban slum
Authors: Tamara B. Souza, Mauro B. Morais, Soraia Tahan, Ligia C.F.L. Melli, Mirian S.C. Rodrigues, Isabel C.A. Scaletsky
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
Influence of Temperature on Neutrophil Trafficking During Clinical Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Philippe Menasché, Jacqueline Peynet, Nicole Haeffner-Cavaillon, Marie-Paule Carreno, Thierry de Chaumaray, Valentine Dillisse, Bouchaı̂b Faris, Armand Piwnica, Gérard Bloch, Alain Tedgui
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells and their subsequent transendothelial migration play a major role in inflammatory damage elicited by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) because these events are linked to the release of cytotoxic proteases and oxidants. However, the patterns of neutrophil trafficking in relation to systemic temperature during clinical CPB have not yet been characterized. Methods and Results Twenty case-matched patients undergoing warm (31.8±0.4°C) or cold (26.3±0.5°C, P &lt;.0001 versus warm) bypass were studied. Blood samples were simultaneously collected from the right and left atria before, at the end of, and 30 minutes after CPB. Plasma levels of C3a, P- and E-selectins, elastase, and interleukin-8 were determined by immunoassays. The results demonstrate: (1) a rise in C3a, reflecting complement activation, (2) a fall in soluble E-selectin consistent with an increased adhesiveness of activated neutrophils, (3) a rise in soluble P-selectin expected to enhance endothelial adhesion of these neutrophils, (4) a rise in elastase, suggesting an adhesion-triggered neutrophil degranulation, and finally (5) a rise in interleukin-8 that is likely to promote transendothelial migration of adherent neutrophils. All of these changes occurred in the two groups of patients and were significant compared with prebypass values. However, in none of the groups was there a significant difference between right and left atrial values for any of the markers. The single difference between cold and warm bypass patients was a significant reduction of elastase release in the cold group ( P &lt;.001 versus the warm group). Conclusions Clinical CPB is associated with biological changes suggesting the occurrence of neutrophil trafficking. Hypothermia provides only partial protection through a reduced release of elastase. Overall, these results reinforce the rationale for the development of therapeutic strategies targeted at blunting the neutrophil-mediated component of bypass-induced inflammatory damage.
Intracavity drainage for bullous, emphysematous lung disease: experience with the Brompton technique.
Authors: G E Venn, P R Williams, P Goldstraw
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Twenty two operations have been performed on 20 patients for the relief of symptoms due to bullous lung disease. Open intubation drainage of the bullae was used in all patients, the technique initially devised by Monaldi for the treatment of intrapulmonary tuberculous abscesses having been modified. Three patients died after surgery. Mortality was associated with low preoperative FEV1 (median 350 ml) and higher preoperative arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) (median 7.8 kPa). Symptomatic improvement was reported by 16 of the remaining 17 patients and was maintained over a median follow up period of 1.6 years. This was accompanied by objective improvement in lung function with a 22% median improvement in FEV1, an 11% median reduction in total lung capacity, and a 26% median reduction in residual volume. In one patient symptoms were unchanged after surgery. The technique described provides a simple method for decompressing bullae by means of a minimally invasive surgical procedure. It also allows for the treatment of further bullae at a later date by closed intubation under local anaesthetic. It has proved a suitable approach for all but those with the poorest lung function and is now our treatment of choice.
THE ACTION OF DIGITALIS IN PNEUMONIA
Authors: Alfred E. Cohn, Ross A. Jamieson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

We have shown in a series of 105 cases of pneumonia, 95 of which we have selected as available for statistical study, that digitalis given by mouth has an action on the heart. We have judged this action to be present because changes occurred in the auriculoventricular conduction time and in the form of the T wave of the electrocardiogram, just as they do in the non-febrile heart. This conclusion is strengthened by finding that the pulse rate in fibrillating and fluttering cases fell in the presence of fever, exactly as it does in non-febrile cases. The dose and the time required to produce these effects are given and are the same as in the non-febrile cases. When there was a difference in the amount necessary to produce one or the other of the changes, it was found that the T wave is more often and more readily affected than the conduction interval. We have shown that the intoxication due to pneumonia is probably not responsible for the changes found, both from a study of the statistics and because in the control cases reverse tendencies were often found (that is, decrease in conduction time and increase in the size of the T wave). We have shown that the method of selection in consequence of which we treated a large number of severe cases did not prejudice our results, because it could be demonstrated that the proximity of death, whether in control or treated cases, was not necessarily associated with the changes we are describing. We have also, by referring to the literature of the subject, brought evidence to show that heart muscle does not undergo those changes in pneumonia, as it does in other infectious diseases, which would lead one to expect changes in conduction found in other diseases. The changes in conduction which have been reported by others were almost entirely associated with the giving of digitalis.