tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevated Exhaled Nitric Oxide in High-Risk Neonates Precedes Transient Early but Not Persistent Wheeze
Authors: Bo L. K. Chawes, Frederik Buchvald, Anne Louise Bischoff, Lotte Loland, Mette Hermansen, Liselotte B. Halkjær, Klaus Bønnelykke, Hans Bisgaard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Elevated fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) concentration has been suggested to predict early childhood wheeze and sensitization.Objectives: To investigate the association between FeNO in asymptomatic neonates and the development of wheeze patterns and atopic intermediary phenotypes in the first 6 years of life.Methods: We measured FeNO in 253 healthy 1-month-old neonates from the Copenhagen Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood birth cohort and monitored prospectively wheezy episodes by daily diary cards during the first 6 years of life. Total IgE, specific IgE, and blood eosinophil count were assessed at age 6 months, 4 years, and 6 years. Associations were studied by Cox regression, logistic regression, and generalized linear models.Measurements and Main Results: Increased neonatal FeNO level was significantly associated with the development of recurrent wheeze in the first year of life (hazard ratio, 2.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 6.2; P = 0.026) but not thereafter. The association was unaffected by environmental tobacco smoke exposure. FeNO was not associated with elevated levels of total IgE, specific IgE, or blood eosinophil count at any age point and was unrelated to neonatal lung function.Conclusions: An elevated FeNO level in asymptomatic neonates born to mothers with asthma preceded the development of transient early wheezing, but not persistent wheezing during preschool age, and was unrelated to atopy. This suggests an early disease process other than small airway caliber contributing to the transient wheezing phenotype.
AIP1: a new player in TNF signaling
Authors: M. Eugenia Guicciardi, Gregory J. Gores
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Apoptosis signal–regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is an upstream activator of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling cascades. Evidence now shows that the ASK1-interacting protein, AIP1, plays an important role in TNF-α–induced ASK1 activation by facilitating dissociation from its inhibitor.
Peer Review
Authors: L. William Coulter
Journal: JAMA (1974)

For elitism to masquerade as peer review, for its direction to be that of adjudicative control, and for it to do so under the guise of education is common currency. It is incongruous with classical peer review and quite interdicts the bright promise afforded by a distinctly educational perspective. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1161-1163, 1974)
Rapid, reliable and responsive: for whom?
Authors: K.F. Rabe, P.J. Sterk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

The European Respiratory Journal (ERJ) is proud to be part of a lively society.The year 2003 has been an eventful one for the European Respiratory Society (ERS).The first Lung Science meeting in Taormina was held, where a select number of young scientists presented their latest research data.The ERJ Taormina Supplement [1] convincingly illustrates the high scientific quality of this meeting, which fortunately is going to be an annual event.Then we had the ERS Annual Congress in Vienna.What a joy!According to the latest figures this even became the biggest respiratory meeting in the world.Last but not least, the ERS School is planning to hold no less than nine educational courses in a variety of locations in Europe, and based on the experience from 2003 it is anticipated that these courses will be extremely successful.Why do we emphasise this?Well, it proves that the ERS is truly alive.It is a diverse society with a huge number of people attending its meetings with interests ranging from treatment standards and therapeutic guidelines, to public health, clinical trials, and respiratory cell biology.The ERJ is part of this society, and even more, it is the binding element next to the ERS meetings.This means that this journal is translating the events and data emerging from this scientific community into written form.Therefore, translational medicine is for us not just a fashion!It is what you as members of this society want.We like to be the voice of the ERS.But, don9t worry: we will also at times surprise you.
Wireless capsule endoscopy versus ileocolonoscopy for the diagnosis of postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease: a prospective study
Authors: A Bourreille
Journal: Gut (2006)

Following ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease (CD), early endoscopic recurrence predicts recurrence of symptoms. The aim of the study was to compare ileocolonoscopy and wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) for the detection of postoperative recurrence in CD.WCE and ileocolonoscopy were performed within six months following surgery in 32 prospectively enrolled patients. Two independent observers interpreted the results of WCE. Recurrence in the neoterminal ileum was defined by a Rutgeerts score>or=1. When observers at WCE did not concur, WCE results were considered as either true negative or true positive and sensitivity and specificity were calculated according to both assumptions.Recurrence occurred in 21 patients (68%) and was detected by ileocolonoscopy in 19 patients. Sensitivity was 90% and specificity 100%. Sensitivity of WCE was 62% and 76% and specificity was 100% and 90%, respectively, depending on assumptions. There was a correlation between the severity of the lesions measured by both methods (p<0.05). Lesions located outside the scope of conventional endoscopy were detected by WCE in two thirds of patients with excellent interobserver agreement (kappa>0.9) for all lesions with the exception of ulceration (kappa=0.7).The sensitivity of WCE in detecting recurrence in the neoterminal ileum was inferior to that of ileocolonoscopy. In contrast, WCE detected lesions outside the scope of ileocolonoscopy in more than two thirds of patients. Additional follow up studies are needed to assess the clinical relevance of such lesions. At the present time, it seems that WCE cannot systematically replace ileocolonoscopy in the regular management of patients after surgery.
Time-tested 'Hospital' Planes, Crews Ready for Routine or Disaster Situations
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

ARMY PARATROOPERS who survived the fiery aircraft crash in North Carolina are being treated at the military's unique burn center at Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Tex (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265: 1917-1922). These burn victims, their comrades who were taken to Texas later, and numerous other military patients have some of the world's most unusual airplanes to thank for a swift, medically supported trip. The aircraft involved are C-9A Nightingales, specially modified versions of the McDonnell Douglas DC-9 twin-jet commercial airliner. Aeromedical evacuation of course is nothing new—a hot-air balloon having been used for that purpose during the 1870 siege of Paris, France, and the first known plan to transport patients by airplane having been proposed by US Army officers in 1910 (<i>JAMA</i>. 1945;127:525) —and neither are the C-9As, the first of which began US Air Force service 26 years ago (<i>JAMA</i>. 1968;205:30-31). However, the C-9As now are
708 FACTORS INFLUENCING FAILURE OF LIVER STIFFNESS MEASUREMENTS USING TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY – MONOCENTRIC EXPERIENCE
Authors: R. Sirli, I. Sporea, A. Jurchis, S. Bota, A. Deleanu, I. Dan, M. Ardelean, N. Cornu, A. Popescu, M. Danila, R. Timar
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Prognostic Value of Pathologic Complete Response After Primary Chemotherapy in Relation to Hormone Receptor Status and Other Factors
Authors: Valentina Guarneri, Kristine Broglio, Shu-Wan Kau, Massimo Cristofanilli, Aman U. Buzdar, Vicente Valero, Thomas Buchholz, Funda Meric, Lavinia Middleton, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose To evaluate whether hormonal receptor (HR) status can influence the prognostic significance of pathologic complete response (pCR). Patients and Methods This retrospective analysis included 1,731 patients with stage I to III noninflammatory breast cancer treated between 1988 and 2005 with primary chemotherapy (PC). Ninety-one percent of patients received anthracycline-based PC, and 66% received additional taxane therapy. pCR was defined as no evidence of invasive tumor in the breast and axillary lymph nodes. Results Median age was 49 years (range, 19 to 83 years). Sixty-seven percent of patients (n = 1,163) had HR-positive tumors. A pCR was observed in 225 (13%) of 1,731 patients; pCR rates were 24% in HR-negative tumors and 8% in HR-positive tumors (P &lt; .001). A significant survival benefit for patients who achieved pCR compared with no pCR was observed regardless of HR status. In the HR-positive group, 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 96.4% v 84.5% (P = .04) and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 91.1% v 65.3% (P &lt; .0001) for patients with and without pCR, respectively. For the HR-negative group, 5-year OS rates were 83.9% v 67.4% (P = .003) and 5-year PFS rates were 83.4% v 50.0% (P &lt; .0001) for patients with and without pCR, respectively. After adjustment for adjuvant hormonal treatment, HR status, clinical stage, and nuclear grade, patients who achieved a pCR had 0.36 times the risk of death. Conclusion pCR is associated with better outcome regardless of HR status in breast cancer patients who receive PC.
An unusual cause of abdominal pain in a patient with hepatitis C cirrhosis
Authors: A Cardenas
Journal: Gut (2005)

Background and aims: Although delayed gastric emptying is considered a major pathophysiological mechanism in functional dyspepsia, the efficacy of prokinetic drugs has not been established.Recent studies using macrolide prokinetics were negative but receptor desensitisation may have played a role.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence on meal induced symptoms of acutely administered erythromycin in patients with gastroparesis.Methods: In 20 patients with functional dyspepsia, gastric emptying was studied twice using the 14 C octanoic acid and 13 C glycin breath test to establish the reproducibility of the test.Breath samples were taken before the meal and at 15 minute intervals for a period of 240 minutes postprandially.At each breath sampling, the patient was asked to grade the intensity (0-3) of six dyspeptic symptoms.Twenty four patients (three men, mean age 43.5 (3) years) with dyspeptic symptoms and delayed gastric emptying were studied twice after pretreatment with saline or erythromycin intravenously.Results: Meal related symptom severity scores were reproducible.Treatment with erythromycin significantly enhanced solid and liquid gastric emptying (t 1/2 146 (27) v 72 (7) minutes, respectively (p,0.01), and 87 (6) v 63 (5) minutes (p,0.001)).Only the severity of bloating was significantly improved by erythromycin (23 (3.9) v 14.5 (2.7); p,0.01); all other symptoms and the cumulative meal related symptom score were not altered by erythromycin.Conclusions: In a setting where desensitisation played no role, erythromycin enhanced gastric emptying was not associated with a beneficial effect on meal related symptom severity.
Enhanced Apoptosis and Tumor Regression Induced by a Direct Agonist Antibody to Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Receptor 2
Authors: Kazuhiro Motoki, Eiji Mori, Atsushi Matsumoto, Mayumi Thomas, Takafumi Tomura, Robin Humphreys, Vivian Albert, Mari Muto, Hitoshi Yoshida, Masami Aoki, Taro Tamada, Ryota Kuroki, Hideaki Yoshida, Isao Ishida, Carl F. Ware, Shiro Kataoka
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Substantial evidence indicates that supraoligomerization of the death receptors for Fas ligand and tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is necessary for efficient activation of the apoptotic pathway. Bivalent IgG antibodies can induce the efficient apoptosis by mimicking the natural ligands but only after these antibodies are further oligomerized by cross-linking. In this study, we generated a novel agonist antibody to TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) capable of inducing apoptosis without cross-linking and elucidated its mode of action and efficacy. Experimental Design: A fully human antibody to TRAIL-R2, KMTR2, was generated from KM Mouse immunized with TRAIL-R2 ectodomain. Apoptosis-inducing activities of unfractionated or purified monomeric IgG of KMTR2 was evaluated in the presence or absence of cross-linkers, secondary antibodies or Fc receptor–expressing effector cells, against human colorectal adenocarcinoma Colo205. Oligomerization of TRAIL-R2 was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography and confocal microscopy, and in vivo efficacy was examined in Colo205 xenograft model. Results: KMTR2 specifically recognized TRAIL-R2 and induced apoptosis with or without cross-linking. Size exclusion chromatography showed that the apoptosis activity coeluted with monomeric IgG and was effective independent of secondary antibody or Fc receptor–expressing effector cells. The antibody formed supracomplexes with soluble recombinant and membrane-anchored TRAIL-R2 and enhanced clustering of TRAIL-R2 on cell surface without cross-linking. KMTR2 was dramatically efficacious in reducing established human tumor. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that novel agonist antibody KMTR2 can direct antibody-dependent oligomerization of TRAIL-R2 and initiates efficient apoptotic signaling and tumor regression independent of host effector function. Thus, the direct agonist would be a lead candidate for cancer therapeutics.
Molecular phylogeny of the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi.
Authors: M Gouy, W H Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1989)

The branching order of the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi has been a controversial issue. Using the transformed distance method and the maximum parsimony method, we investigated this problem by comparing the sequences of several kinds of macromolecules in organisms spanning all three kingdoms. The analysis was based on the large-subunit and small-subunit ribosomal RNAs, 10 isoacceptor transfer RNA families, and six highly conserved proteins. All three sets of sequences support the same phylogenetic tree: plants and animals are sibling kingdoms that have diverged more recently than the fungi. The ribosomal RNA and protein data sets are large enough so that in both cases the inferred phylogeny is statistically significant. The present report appears to be the first to provide statistically conclusive molecular evidence for the phylogeny of the three kingdoms. The determination of this phylogeny will help us to understand the evolution of various molecular, cellular, and developmental characters shared by any two of the three kingdoms. Noting that the large-subunit rRNA sequences have evolved at similar rates in the three kingdoms, we estimated the ratio of the time since the animal-plant split to the time since the fungal divergence to be 0.90.
Hemodynamic Changes in Patients with Portal Venous Obstruction
Authors: Didier Lebrec, Christian Bataille, Eric Bercoff, Dominique Valla
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics were evaluated in five adult patients with portal hypertension due to portal venous obstruction and were compared with those of patients with cirrhosis and those of a control group. In patients with portal venous obstruction, the gradient between wedged and free hepatic venous pressures ranged from 2 to 3 mm Hg, as in the control group, and was significantly lower than in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatic blood flow averaged 0.521 ± 0.127 liter per min per m 2 (mean ± S.D.) and was significantly lower than that measured in cirrhotic and normal patients. Cardiac index averaged 3.788 ± 0.629 liters per min per m 2 ; this high value for cardiac index was not significantly different from that measured in cirrhotic patients, but was significantly higher than in patients of the control group. It is suggested that a hyperkinetic circulatory state may result from the development of portal-systemic venous collateral circulation in patients with portal venous obstruction having normal liver and hepatic venous pressures
Reconstitution of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma–Type EBV Infection Induces Tumorigenicity
Authors: Eri Seto, Tadamasa Ooka, Jaap Middeldorp, Kenzo Takada
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Several reports have shown that the EBV-encoded BARF1 gene has oncogenic activity. We have recently reported that BARF1 is expressed as a latent gene in most nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC), suggesting that BARF1 may have an important role in NPC oncogenesis. However, we found that when the NPC-derived EBV-negative cell lines, HONE-1 and CNE-1, were infected with EBV in vitro, BARF1 was not expressed, although the expression of other latent genes was identical to that of NPC tumors. Therefore, we generated a recombinant EBV (rEBV) carrying the BARF1 gene (BARF1-rEBV) under the SV40 promoter to reconstitute the NPC-type EBV infection. NPC-derived EBV-negative cell lines were stably infected with either a wild-type rEBV (wild-rEBV) or BARF1-rEBV. The resultant BARF1-rEBV–infected NPC cell clones represented NPC-type EBV expression, and BARF1 expression was similar to that observed in NPC tissues. BARF1-rEBV–infected cell clones grew to a higher cell density and were more resistant to apoptosis than wild-rEBV–infected counterparts. BARF1 protein was quickly secreted into the culture medium, and secreted BARF1 contributed to the increase of cell densities in NPC cells, but it had no effect on resistance to apoptosis. Furthermore, BARF1-rEBV–infected cell clones became tumorigenic in nude mice. These results suggest that BARF1 plays an important role in NPC development. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1030–6]
Analysis of the Expression of Peptide–Major Histocompatibility Complexes Using High Affinity Soluble Divalent T Cell Receptors
Authors: Sean M. O'Herrin, Michael S. Lebowitz, Joan G. Bieler, Basel K. al-Ramadi, Ursula Utz, Alfred L.M. Bothwell, Jonathan P. Schneck
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Understanding the regulation of cell surface expression of specific peptide–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) complexes is hindered by the lack of direct quantitative analyses of specific peptide–MHC complexes. We have developed a direct quantitative biochemical approach by engineering soluble divalent T cell receptor analogues (TCR–Ig) that have high affinity for their cognate peptide–MHC ligands. The generality of this approach was demonstrated by specific staining of peptide-pulsed cells with two different TCR–Ig complexes: one specific for the murine alloantigen 2C, and one specific for a viral peptide from human T lymphocyte virus–1 presented by human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens–A2. Further, using 2C TCR– Ig, a more detailed analysis of the interaction with cognate peptide–MHC complexes revealed several interesting findings. Soluble divalent 2C TCR–Ig detected significant changes in the level of specific antigenic–peptide MHC cell surface expression in cells treated with γ-interferon (γ-IFN). Interestingly, the effects of γ-IFN on expression of specific peptide–MHC complexes recognized by 2C TCR–Ig were distinct from its effects on total H-2 Ld expression; thus, lower doses of γ-IFN were required to increase expression of cell surface class I MHC complexes than were required for upregulation of expression of specific peptide–MHC complexes. Analysis of the binding of 2C TCR–Ig for specific peptide–MHC ligands unexpectedly revealed that the affinity of the 2C TCR–Ig for the naturally occurring alloreactive, putatively, negatively selecting, complex, dEV-8–H-2 Kbm3, is very low, weaker than 71 μM. The affinity of the 2C TCR for the other naturally occurring, negatively selecting, alloreactive complex, p2Ca–H-2 Ld, is ∼1000-fold higher. Thus, negatively selecting peptide–MHC complexes do not necessarily have intrinsically high affinity for cognate TCR. These results, uniquely revealed by this analysis, indicate the importance of using high affinity biologically relevant cognates, such as soluble divalent TCR, in furthering our understanding of immune responses.
Tendon rupture in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: A J Richards
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

increase of the creatine phosphokinase (CPK) indicated myocarditis: CPK 2865 IU/I, CPKMB 288 IU/1.The CSF contained 24 white blood cells/mm3 (24x 106/1) (94% lymphocytes, 6% monocytes) with an increased level of protein: 1-50 g/l.A spirochaete began to grow in BSK II4 after the second week and a borrelia was identified.It had a diameter of 0.2 lrm and a length between 4 and 22 utm.By
Evolution might select constructivism
Authors: James Hurford, Sam Joseph, Simon Kirby, Alastair Reid
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

There is evidence for increase, followed by decline, in synaptic numbers during development. Dendrites do not function in isolation. A constructive neuronal process may underpin a selectionist cognitive process. The environment shapes both ontogeny and phylogeny. Phylogenetic natural selection and neural selection are compatible. Natural selection can yield both constructivist and selectionist solution to adaptuive problems.
Bromide of Ethyl as an Anaesthetic for Short Operations, and as a Precursor to the Administration of Ether
Authors: W. R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1884)

As has been said, cases of dropsy from mitral regurgitation very 'often recover in hospital.The patients, belonginig to a class the mem- bers of which have to earn their bread, must work hard and undergo Lexposure, and are frequently subject to hardships and privations.It is' under such unfavourable influences that the compensation breaks down, and the reversal of these is often of itself sufficient for recovery.Similar results are furnished by private practice, examples being related.On the other hand, a gentleman of strong build, who had suffered very little inconvenience from mitral regurgitation, established fourteen years before, but in whom extensive dilatation and hypertrophy indicated considerable reflux, began, after a little overwork, to suffer from cotgh and dyspncea, which was soon followed by cedema of the legs, and the equilibrium, thus easily overturned, was never regained.
Increased QT Interval Dispersion Predicts 15-Year Cardiovascular Mortality in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Sara Giunti, Gabriella Gruden, Paolo Fornengo, Federica Barutta, Cristina Amione, Giuseppe Ghezzo, Paolo Cavallo-Perin, Graziella Bruno
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To evaluate the predictive role of increased corrected QT (QTc) and QT interval dispersion (QTd) on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large, unselected type 2 diabetic population.The prospective study included 1,357 type 2 diabetic patients from the Casale Monferrato Study. At baseline, QTc intervals >0.44 s and QTd intervals >0.08 s were considered abnormally prolonged. Both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were assessed 15 years after the baseline examination.During the follow-up period, 862 subjects per 12,450 person-years died. Multivariate analysis showed that the hazard ratio (HR) of cardiovascular mortality was significantly increased in subjects with prolonged QTd (1.26 [95% CI 1.02-1.55]) and was only slightly reduced after multiple adjustments. Conversely, prolonged QTc did not increase the HRs for all-cause or cardiovascular mortality.Increased QTd predicts cardiovascular mortality after a long-term follow-up period in a large, unselected population of type 2 diabetic subjects.