tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mortality and cancer rates among workers in the Swedish PVC processing industry.
Authors: G Molina, B Holmberg, S Elofsson, L Holmlund, R Moosing, P Westerholm
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Personnel lists from four PVC-processing industries were collected on production of employees with at least three months of employment at the beginning of 1945 and the last day of employment December 31, 1974. Of 2073 persons, 103 could not be followed up, because they had moved abroad. The remaining persons comprise the cohort of 1970 individuals who were analyzed and compared with the national population with respect to mortality from various diseases and cancer morbidity. The death risk from myocardial infarction is elevated in the cohort. This elevation is most clearly apparent in the subcohort which had at least two years of exposure time and where the analysis was directed at circumstances chronologically close to the time of exposure. The myocardial infarction risk related to vinyl chloride exposure is discussed in relation to earlier studies on the vascular effects of vinyl chloride. An indication of an elevated risk of morbidity and mortality from tumors in the digestive organs is also present. However, this is not statistically confirmed. A few future follow-ups of the present study are necessary in order to clarify any possible elevated risk of tumors in the PVC-processing industry.
The Medical Outcomes Study
Authors: Theodore Kastner
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Given the complexity of the health care system and its interaction with patients, studies such as the MOS are prone to methodological weaknesses. Dr Greenfield and colleagues 1 candidly identify a number of significant flaws. However, the authors fail to identify one additional source of variance that may further confound their findings.  Both the physician and patient groups were assigned to systems of care (eg, HMO, independent practice association [IPA], or fee for service [FFS]) as of the mid to late 1980s. 2 However, as managed care has matured in each of the three study cities, a significant number of physicians and their patients are likely to have moved from one system to another during the 7 years for which outcome data were collected. In addition, the MOS predates the arrival of point-of-service plans, which would cloud the assignment of patients to any system of care. Finally,
Vagal Resection in Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: A. A. MacKelvie
Journal: BMJ (1957)

JCBRmm 321 medicine and to report on the aims of treatment; secondly, to follow up a series of out-patients so treated.Out of a total of 3,226 consecutive referrals during the five-year period 1948-52 235 patients received a course of psychotherapy.The types of psychotherapy used were: (1) superficial for 45% of the cases, and (2) distributive analysis for 49% ; the remaining 6% were treated mainly by abreactive methods.The average number of sessions given to each patient was seven.We followed up these patients early in 1954.No patient was followed up who-had not been discharged for at least 15 months, and in about 35% the follow-up period was at least two and a half years.59% were interviewed by the original therapist, 15% by a social worker, and only 10% were untraced.The method of follow-up is described in detail.It was found that of our 235 patients 40% were "much improved," 32% were "improved," and 15%were "not improved"; the remainder were either untraced or had died.It is our opinion that results of this order can be expected from short courses of psychotherapy in a provincial out-patient department provided that a careful selection of cases is first made.
Skeletal muscle perfusion and metabolism during canine endotoxin shock
Authors: A A V. LAMBALGEN, W BRONSVELD, V. D. BOS, L G THIJS, A D M KESTER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Conflicting data exist in literature about the effects of endotoxin on skeletal muscle perfusion and metabolism during canine endotoxin shock. In 12 dogs we therefore studied (six control and six endotoxin treated, 1.5 mg·kg−1) under etomidate (4 mg·kg−1·h−1) anaesthesia muscle blood flow (radioactive microspheres) in fore limb, thorax, diaphragm and hind limb (five different muscles) and skin blood flow before (t=0) and 90 and 120 min after endotoxin. We also measured blood flow in the femoral artery and vein (electromagnetic flow transducers) and the arteriovenous differences of oxygen, lactate, glucose and FFA over the femoral vascular bed (at t=0, 30, 90 and 120 min). Endotoxin administration caused a fall of flow in the femoral artery and vein (by 65 and 63%, respectively at t= 15). After t=60 flow in the femoral artery and vein increased slowly but the flows were still below the preshock values at t=20 (by 33 and 50%, respectively). Skeletal muscle and skin flow did not decrease or even increased after endotoxin but decreased in the control group. Percentage of cardiac output distributed to brachial, intercostal and hind limb muscle and skin increased after endotoxin (by 163, 167, 111 and 120%, respectively at t=20). The five muscles of the hind limb did not respond differently to endotoxin. In spite of diminished arterial inflow, skeletal muscle perfusion was thus maintained in the hind limb, probably due to closing of shunts and redistribution of blood away from bone. Oxygen extraction but also lactate release by the femoral bed had increased during endotoxin shock. After endotoxin femoral glucose extraction was only elevated at t= 30 when arterial glucose concentration had also increased. The femoral bed produced free fatty acids (FFA) but during endotoxin shock the arteriovenous concentration difference of FFA decreased. Our data suggest that skeletal muscle flow nor oxygen consumption and glucose metabolism is affected during 2 h of canine endotoxin shock. Lactate production, however, tended to increase.
Porcine catabolin stimulates prostaglandin E2 secretion but does not affect intracellular cyclic AMP production in pig synovial fibroblasts.
Authors: G J Carroll
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Responses in vitro to partially purified porcine leucocyte catabolin were studied in pig synovial fibroblasts.In serum-free cultures catabolin was found to stimulate secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a time and concentration-dependent manner. The initial stimulation of PGE2 secretion occurred only after a latent interval of six hours. In the same cell line catabolin was found to have no effect on the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) at times ranging from 30 s to 20 min, even at concentrations up to 15 times greater than that required to promote accelerated release of glycosaminoglycans from cultured bovine nasal cartilage. It is therefore concluded that in pig synovial fibroblasts catabolin evokes a delayed secretion of PGE2 but does not alter cyclic AMP production.
Symmetrical Protrusion of Orbital Fat
Authors: W. Bowman
Journal: BMJ (1849)

THE following case excited some interest among those who saw its progress; and is published for the sake of whatever light it may throw on others of a similar character.Henry John B., setat. 16,a very healthy-looking boy, of ruddy com- plexion, reddish hair, son of a publican at lslington, came to the Ophthalmic Hospital, Moorfields, in February 1848, for a swelling of both upper eye-lids, which made his friends and himself uneasy by its un- sightlppear nce, though he had experienced no pain.The swelling was pbcisely alike on the two sides.It was almost limited to the outer half, or outer two-thirds of the lid, extending from the -brow to wthin a sixteenth of an inch of the tarsal border, where it ceased by a groove, over which the relaxed and distended integument hung, as was very evident when the lid was viewed in profile.The swelling was reddish in the middle part, from fulness of the cutaneous vessels.It was quite soft, as if from cdema of the parts subjacent to the skinl; and when pressed by the finger, no resistance was encountered, nor was any indentation left.The skin was thin, and slipped freely over the orbicularis muscle, nor was it easy to seize between the finger and thumb a fold of this muscular layer.When this was done, however, the feeling was that of redundant and loose cellular tissue beneath, and not of any tumour.Eversion of the lid showed the conjunctiva and subjaent tissue to be perfectly natural.Pressure behind the external angular process detected no tumour.The globe was in all respects healthy.Careful inquiry as to his general functions, only served to show that he was in exceUlent health.
Thoracic Gallium Uptake in Patients with Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis
Authors: ROBERT TIEN, WARREN H. MOORE, RAMESH D. DHEKNE, STEPHEN E. LONG, LOREN M. GLASSER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG) is a rare condition with histological similarities to Wegener's granulomatosis and malignant lymphoma. Characteristically there is an anglocentric, anglodestructlve lymphoreticular cell infiltrate. The lungs are usually affected, and, less frequently, the skin, nervous system, kidney, and bowel are involved. The prognosis is poor and frank lymphoma develops, in some cases terminally. The usual radiological appearance of the lungs consists of bilateral nodular lower zone opacities. The authors report two patients (siblings) with LG, and their gallium scans are presented. In each case there was a significant accumulation of gallium in the lungs at times of clinically active disease. The limited role of gallium imaging in this disease is discussed.
A Death in the Family
Authors: Lawrence R. Ricci
Journal: JAMA (1987)

On Aug 24,1982, at 3:13 AM in a large metropolitan teaching hospital, my father, at the age of 72, died of complications from diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. During his brief hospitalization, we, his family, experienced his leaving the modern American way: an odd mixture of cold lighting, bright machinery, and rare, unexpected warmth. My first glimpse of my father in the hospital startled and humbled me. One month before, he had been a fully functional, retired machinist. Since then, cancer, malnutrition, and dehydration had transformed him into an invalid. A screen exists between the way we see ourselves and our loved ones and how modern medicine sees us. I recall my confused and saddened brother describing how a nurse had asked him if our father could<i>walk</i>when he had been home. For the most part, his physicians were competent. To me they were deferential; to my family, condescending. Teaching hospital
141 VITAMIN D AND CHOLESTEROL SERUM LEVELS ARE INVERSELY ASSOCIATED IN HCV, HIV AND HIV/HCV COINFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: M.P. González, G.B. Klautau, D.P. Prestes, M.C. Mendes-Corrêa, D.F. Mazo, F.J. Carrilho, M.G. Pessoa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Role of Mahaim fibers in cardiac arrhythmias in man.
Authors: J J Gallagher, W M Smith, J H Kasell, D W Benson, R Sterba, A O Grant
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Twelve patients with evidence of Mahaim fibers are reported, six with nodoventricular (NV) fibers and six with fasciculoventricular (FV) fibers. All patients with NV fibers had left bundle branch block morphology, and a sustained reentrant tachycardia with this morphology was proved in each case. In three of the six, ventriculoatrial dissociation occurred during tachycardia. We postulate that the mechanism of this tachycardia is a macroreentry circuit using the NV fiber for the antegrade limb and the His-Purkinje system with a portion of the atrioventricular node for the retrograde limb. ECGs of patients with FV fibers were varied, suggesting a functional relation to the right or left side of the septum. No direct relationship of FV fibers to observed arrhythmias could be found.
The Migratory Needle Story.
Authors: Robert T. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1906)

New York City, Dec. 4, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The pace having been set for the wandering needle, it is now my turn. We were smoking our pipes around the camp-fire after a good dinner of venison and trout. Apropos of some suggestion I told of the travels of a needle. It was a mild story—being mine. "That's nothing," said Dick, "me and Larry was trapping one winter, and we slept together. He got a porcupine quill in his leg in the fall, and in the spring it came out of my shoulder."
Paediatrician suspended after she "threw objectivity to the winds"
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A senior consultant paediatrician has been suspended from her job pending an independent review of her clinical practice after she was strongly criticised by a High Court judge for her role in wrongly branding two former day nursery workers guilty of abusing their charges.

Camille San Lazaro has been suspended by Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust, which has commissioned the inquiry into her practice. She has also been suspended from her appointment as a senior lecturer at Newcastle University.

Dr San Lazaro also faces a complaint to the General …
Normal Thymocyte Negative Selection in TRAIL-deficient Mice
Authors: Erika Cretney, Adam P. Uldrich, Stuart P. Berzins, Andreas Strasser, Dale I. Godfrey, Mark J. Smyth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

The molecular basis of thymocyte negative selection, which plays a critical role in establishing and maintaining immunological tolerance, is not yet resolved. In particular, the importance of the death receptor subgroup of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-family has been the subject of many investigations, with equivocal results. A recent report suggested that TRAIL was a critical factor in this process, a result that does not fit well with previous studies that excluded a role for the FADD-caspase 8 pathway, which is essential for TRAIL and Fas ligand (FasL) signaling, in negative selection. We have investigated intrathymic negative selection of TRAIL-deficient thymocytes, using four well-established models, including antibody-mediated TCR/CD3 ligation in vitro, stimulation with endogenous superantigen in vitro and in vivo, and treatment with exogenous superantigen in vitro. We were unable to demonstrate a role for TRAIL signaling in any of these models, suggesting that this pathway is not a critical factor for thymocyte negative selection.
Presentation and incidence of Hirschsprung's disease.
Authors: J D Orr, W G Scobie
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>Objective</h3> Apathy has been reported as a possible adverse effect of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS). We investigated the prevalence and severity of apathy in 22 patients with Parkinson9s disease (PD) who underwent STN-DBS and the effects on quality of life (QOL). <h3>Method</h3> All patients were assessed with the Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS), the Apathy Scale (AS) and the Parkinson9s Disease Questionnaire and were compared to a control group of 38 patients on pharmacotherapy alone. The relationship between apathy and clinico-demographic variables was explored through correlation analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Apathy was reported by a similar proportion of patients in the two groups: 18.4% in the DBS group and 22.7% in the control group according to LARS ratings; 45.5% in the DBS group and 42.1% in the control group according to AS ratings. There was no significant difference in apathy or QOL ratings between the two groups. Significant correlations were observed between poorer QOL and degree of apathy, as measured by the LARS (p&lt;0.001) and AS (p=0.021). PD-related disability also correlated with both apathy ratings (p&gt;&lt;0.001 and p=0.017, respectively). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our findings suggest that STN-DBS is not associated with changes in apathy in the PD population, as there was no difference in prevalence or severity of apathy between patients who had undergone STN-DBS and those on pharmacotherapy alone. More severe apathy was associated with a higher level of disability due to PD and worse QOL in PD but no other clinico-demographic characteristics.
PUERPERAL INFECTION; ITS PATHOLOGY, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT.
Authors: R. R. KIME
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The term "puerperal fever" should be abandoned, as it is too broad and includes conditions which are not peculiar to the puerperal state, hence misleading. Puerperal septicemia as used by many is also objectionable; it should be limited in its application and used only to indicate cases of true septicemia. Textbooks and lexicons define "puerperal fever" as an acute infectious disease due to septic inoculation. Some authorities apologize for the definition, and well they may under the present light and knowledge of these conditions. In writing upon this subject, some five years since, for the Tri-State Medical Association I endeavored to demonstrate the existence of two general classes of puerperal infection. Such a view then met with strong opposition and some of our best authorities wrote me such a distinction could not be maintained. To-day I am more fully convinced than ever that we have a septic and a putrid
A Polycistronic MicroRNA Cluster, <i>miR-17-92</i>, Is Overexpressed in Human Lung Cancers and Enhances Cell Proliferation
Authors: Yoji Hayashita, Hirotaka Osada, Yoshio Tatematsu, Hideki Yamada, Kiyoshi Yanagisawa, Shuta Tomida, Yasushi Yatabe, Katsunobu Kawahara, Yoshitaka Sekido, Takashi Takahashi
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs, thought to be involved in physiologic and developmental processes by negatively regulating expression of target genes. We have previously reported frequent down-regulation of the let-7 miRNA family in lung cancers and, in the present study, assessed alteration in a panel of 19 lung cancer cell lines. As a result, we found for the first time that the miR-17-92 cluster, which comprises seven miRNAs and resides in intron 3 of the C13orf25 gene at 13q31.3, is markedly overexpressed in lung cancers, especially with small-cell lung cancer histology. Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of increased gene copy numbers of the miRNA cluster in a fraction of lung cancer cell lines with overexpression. In addition, we were able to show predominant localization of C13orf25 transcripts within the nucleus and introduction of the expression construct of the miR-17-92 cluster, but not the putative open reading frame of C13orf25, enhancing lung cancer cell growth. These findings clearly suggest that marked overexpression of the miR-17-92 cluster with occasional gene amplification may play a role in the development of lung cancers, especially in their most aggressive form, small-cell lung cancer, and that the C13orf25 gene may well be serving as a vehicle in this regard.
Chloride dependent amino acid transport in the human small intestine.
Authors: L K Munck
Journal: Gut (1995)

Carriers of beta amino acids and imino acids in the small intestine of rabbits and guinea pigs are chloride dependent, and a cotransport of chloride, sodium, and 2-methyl-aminoisobutyric acid has been shown. This study examines the chloride dependence of amino acid transport in the human small intestine. The steady state tissue uptake of amino acids, given as the ratio between substrate concentration in intracellular and extracellular water after 35 minutes incubation at 37 degrees C, was determined in mucosal biopsy specimens from the duodenum of patients undergoing diagnostic upper endoscopy and compared using one way analysis of variance. Uptake of leucine and alpha-methyl-D-glucoside in the duodenum and the distal ileum did not differ. The accumulation of all substrates was sodium dependent. In the absence of mucosal chloride the uptake of taurine, glycine, and 2-methyl-aminoisobutyric acid was significantly reduced while that of leucine and alpha-methyl-D-glucoside was unaffected and the reduction of beta alanine uptake not statistically significant. Uptake of 2-methyl-aminoisobutyric acid and proline showed mutual inhibition. Leucine did not reduce uptake of the beta amino acids. In conclusion, chloride dependent transport processes for 2-methyl-amino-isobutyric acid, taurine, and glycine are present in the human small intestine.
Neodymium:YAG laser photocoagulation: a successful new map-guided technique for the intraoperative ablation of ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: R H Svenson, J J Gallagher, J G Selle, S H Zimmern, J M Fedor, F Robicsek
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Neodymium:YAG laser photocoagulation was used in the intraoperative treatment of drug-resistant ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 17 consecutive patients. The cause of VT was previous myocardial infarction in 15, sarcoid in one, and idiopathic in one patient. Electrophysiologic studies were performed preoperatively, before hospital discharge, and 8 to 12 weeks and 1 year after surgery. At surgery, laser photocoagulation was performed on the normothermic heart during VT. Surgical mortality was 11.7%. There was one late nonarrhythmic death 35 days postoperatively. There were 55 VT morphologies. Laser successfully abated 52 of 55. Associated use of cryoablation was required in two of 55. One VT in the patient with sarcoidosis was not successfully ablated but was controlled by procainamide. In the long-term survivors with VT due to myocardial infarction the surgical cure rate was 100%, i.e., no spontaneous or inducible VT. Follow-up ranges from 6 to 18 months (mean 11.8 +/- 4.3). Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation is an effective addition to the operative treatment strategies for VT.
Effects of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) and a lipoxygenase inhibitor (AA-861) on bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine in asthmatic subjects.
Authors: M Fujimura, F Sasaki, Y Nakatsumi, Y Takahashi, S Hifumi, K Taga, J Mifune, T Tanaka, T Matsuda
Journal: Thorax (1986)

The effect of a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, OKY-046, and a selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA-861, on bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine was studied in 23 asthmatic subjects. The provocative concentration of acetylcholine producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20 FEV1) was measured before and after oral administration of OKY-046 (3000 mg over four days) and AA-861 (1100 mg over four days) and inhalation of OKY-046 (30 mg) in 10, 10, and nine asthmatic subjects respectively. Baseline values of FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) were not altered by oral OKY-046, oral AA-861, or inhaled OKY-046. The geometric mean value of PC20 FEV1 increased significantly from 0.55 to 2.24 mg/ml after oral OKY-046, but was unchanged after inhalation of OKY-046 and after oral administration of AA-861. These results suggest that thromboxane A2 may play a part in bronchial hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine.