tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nursing comes of age.
Authors: C. Fear, G. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Underdiagnosis of personality disorder reflects a to consider the applications, and a shortlist of for advice, although only one general practitioner tendency to concentrate on presenting symptoms, two was drawn up.These two were then seen at admitted to requesting such help.One community ignorance of criteria for making the diagnosis some length by every governor; in my case three psychiatric nurse had received post-basic training and of its impact on the prognosis of coexisting governors met together, seeing each candidate for in clinical psychopharmacology, but most updated conditions, and pessimism about its treatment.about an hour and a half.Extensive references their knowledge from the British National Many patients suffering from personality disorder were acquired by the headhunter; even the services Formulary, pharmaceutical representatives, and have little tolerance of psychic or physical pain, of a graphologist were used.I had previously nursing journals.Seven general practitioners sup- They attempt to deal with such pain or to bolster viewed such people with suspicion: to me they ported prescribing by community psychiatric poor self esteem by adopting various maladaptive smacked of fortune tellers and mumbo jumbo.The nurses i'n principle.Three general practitioners, strategies such as overdose, other self harm, eating graphologist's assessment of the two candidates two community psychiatric nurses, and two psy- disorder, alcohol ordrugmisuse, antisocial activity, was remarkably perceptive, not only mirroring chiatrists disagreed with prescribing by community or promiscuity.almost exactly our own assessment but confound-psychiatric nurses on the grounds that the nurses Patients with personality disorder thus tend to ing one candidate's husband by its accuracy.When lacked knowledge of general medicine and thera- present for help in crisis, often dramatically.As a the interviews were complete the governors met peutics.Two psychiatrists viewed the nurses as result of chilldhood experiences (for example, (about two weeks later) and after some two hours' having a limited role in prescribing.sexual abuse) they mistrust figures in authority, discussion the choice was made.Our study indicated awareness of the changing including doctors and nurses.This mistrust is Of course, the reputation of a school depends on role of community psychiatric nurses among the rooted in a profoundly low self esteem, and illness its head, but so does the reputation of a department nurses themselves, general practitioners, and psy- is perceived as being deserved.Help provided is and a hospital depend on its consultant staff.There chiatrists.Opinion on the issue of prescribing by perceived as not being merited, and therefore has to be a better way of appointing con'sultants nurses remained divided.It could certainly save engagement in and compliance with treatment are than the present system; reform is long overdue, doctors' time and provide rapid titration of drug impaired.
Using CD4 lymphocyte count to predict survival with HIV infection
Authors: V Harindra
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Andrew N Phillips and colleagues used the CD4 lymphocyte count to predict long term survival after HIV infection in men with haemophilia,1 but the biological variables that influence the CD4 count limit the applicability of their results to other risk groups - for example, homosexual men.

I studied 25 HIV positive patients who had been followed up for more than …
Increased risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus at low plasma vitamin E concentrations: a four year follow up study in men
Authors: J. T Salonen, K. Nyyssonen, T.-P. Tuomainen, P. H Maenpaa, H. Korpela, G. A Kaplan, J. Lynch, S. P Helmrich, R. Salonen
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To investigate whether low vitamin E status is a risk factor for incident non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. <b>Design</b>: Population based follow up study with diabetes assessed at baseline and at four years. <b>Setting</b>: Eastern Finland. <b>Subjects</b>: Random sample of 944 men aged 42-60 who had no diabetes at the baseline examination. <b>Intervention</b>: Oral glucose tolerance test at four year follow up. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: A man was defined diabetic if he had either (a) a fasting blood glucose concentration &gt;/=6.7 mmol/l, or (b) a blood glucose concentration &gt;/=10.0 mmol/l two hours after a glucose load, or (c) a clinical diagnosis of diabetes with either dietary, oral, or insulin treatment. <b>Results</b>: 45 men developed diabetes during the follow up period. In a multivariate logistic regression model including the strongest predictors of diabetes, a low lipid standardised plasma vitamin E (below median) concentration was associated with a 3.9-fold (95% confidence interval 1.8-fold to 8.6-fold) risk of incident diabetes. A decrement of 1 µmol/l of uncategorised unstandardised vitamin E concentration was associated with an increment of 22% in the risk of diabetes when allowing for the strongest other risk factors as well as serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. <b>Conclusions</b>: There was a strong independent association between low vitamin E status before follow up and an excess risk of diabetes at four years. This supports the theory that free radical stress has a role in the causation of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
ROLE OF MYOCARDIAL HAEMORRHAGE IN PREDICTING ADVERSE LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING AFTER REPERFUSED ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. CAN WE OUTPERFORM MICROVASCULAR OBSTRUCTION?
Authors: Claudia Raineri, Annalisa Turco, Sergio Leonardi, Mara Bonardi, Michela Cottini, Guido Tavazzi, Margherita Calcagnino, Gabriele Crimi, Maurizio Ferrario, Mario Previtali
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
COSTOVERTEBRAL DISLOCATION OF THE FIRST AND SECOND RIBS
Authors: Frederick Christopher
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Dislocation of the ribs at the costovertebral articulation is so extremely rare that the present case seems to merit reporting. Stewart and Warren<sup>1</sup>in 1929 described a case of dislocation of the first rib. They made an exhaustive study of the literature and found only thirteen cases, including their own, in nearly two hundred years. These authors presented a brief summary of the reported cases. Since that time Brooksher<sup>2</sup>has reported another case, a dislocation of the twelfth rib. He also refers to Schertlein,<sup>3</sup>who reported an isolated case of costovertebral dislocation of the first rib. Schertlein states that there is but one recorded case in the German literature from 1909 to 1929 and cites Riedinger, who in 1888 compiled nine cases from the literature, of which only one case could be regarded as true luxation. Bohle<sup>4</sup>has since reported two cases, making in all a total of nineteen reported cases. Of
Tuberculosis of Muscle
Authors: Robert Katz, Monte A. Herman, Sol Katz
Journal: JAMA (1964)

PRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS of skeletal muscle was first described in 1886. Since then this entity has rarely been observed. In the strict sense, primary muscular tuberculosis does not occur, except by accidental inoculation as with a contaminated needle. The term primary tuberculous myositis is used to describe the clinical situation in which the most prominent lesion in the course of hematogenous tuberculosis involves the muscle, and not the fact that the infection occurred primarily in the muscle.<sup>1</sup>Hematogenous spread of tubercle bacilli to muscle has been described in very few cases and has been noted to be exceptionally rare.<sup>1,2,3</sup> The following is a well-documented report of skeletal muscle involvement as a prominent clinical feature of hematogenous tuberculosis, and is thought to represent the third such case in the American literature. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 43-year-old Negro male porter noted the onset of cough, weakness, anorexia, weight loss, and left-sided
Abstract LB-100: Optimal modulation of DNA repair in CLL therapy
Authors: Lilian Amrein, David Davidson, May Shawi, Luca Petruccelli, Wilson Miller, Raquel Aloyz, Lawrence Panasci
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Resistance to chlorambucil (CLB) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) can occur as a consequence of increased DNA repair including c-abl stimulated Rad-51 related homologous recombinational repair (HRR) and DNA-PK related nonhomologous endjoining (NHEJ). Recent reports suggest that the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-abl plays an important role in CLL. In particular, we have previously demonstrated that imatinib inhibition of c-abl or NU7026 inhibition of DNA-PK in CLL lymphocytes results in sensitization to CLB in most samples. Here we report that nilotinib, a superpotent (20-30 fold greater than niltinib) inhibitor of c-abl is more efficacious than imatinib in sensitizing CLL lymphocytes to CLB in the majority of the CLL lymphocyte samples associated with a greater nilotinib related inhibition of c-abl autophosporylation, increased apoptosis and decreased repair of CLB-induced DNA damage (increased activated H2AX). Furthermore, in CLL samples in which c-abl was inhibited by either inhibitor, there was an increased activation of DNA-PK. Utilizing NU7026, a specific inhibitor of DNA-PK, with nilotinib or imatinib resulted in further sensitization to CLB but there was a greater sensitization to CLB with nilotinib than imatinib. These results suggest: (1) a more potent inhibition of c-abl is more efficacious in sensitizing CLL lymphocytes to CLB, (2) inhibition of c-abl results in a compensatory increase in DNA-PK and (3) inhibiting both DNA repair systems optimally sensitizes CLL lymphocytes to CLB, an effect which is most pronounced with the more potent c-abl inhibitor, nilotinib. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-100.
Four-Year Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01E and Its Interaction with Malaria Exposure
Authors: Ally Olotu, Gregory Fegan, Juliana Wambua, George Nyangweso, Ken O. Awuondo, Amanda Leach, Marc Lievens, Didier Leboulleux, Patricia Njuguna, Norbert Peshu, Kevin Marsh, Philip Bejon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01E has entered phase 3 trials, but data on long-term outcomes are limited.
383 CAN REPEATED TRANSARTERIAL CHEMOEMBOLIZA-TION WITH RADIATION THERAPY BE EFFECTIVE AND SAFE THERAPEUTIC OPTION FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA WITH MAJOR VESSEL INVASION?
Authors: K.M. Kim, I.S. Park, G.Y. Ko, H.K. Yoon, K.B. Sung, Y.S. Lim, H.C. Lee, Y.H. Chung, Y.S. Lee, D.J. Suh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Abstract 3540: Prostate cancer-infiltrating mast cells suppress anti-tumor immunity through a TGFβ and IL-13 dependent mechanism
Authors: Stephanie K. Watkins, Arthur A. Hurwitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Immune suppression is a major obstacle in the design of successful immune-based therapies for cancer. Using an experimental model of prostate cancer, we previously demonstrated the rapid induction of tolerance and suppressive activity in adoptively transferred tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells. The mechanism of this tolerance induction involved T cell interactions with tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs) which express elevated levels of the forkhead box protein, FOXO3. We now propose a mechanism by which tumor-infiltrating mast cells exert immune suppressive activity on both T cells and DCs. Mast cells were identified as approximately 30% of the total CD45+ tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and were capable of degranulation and promoting immune suppression. Purified tumor-associated mast cells (TA-MC) spontaneously secreted IL-13 and TGF-β which were further increased by FcαR cross-linking or LPS stimulation. The suppression of Ag-specific T cells and the development of tolerogenic DC were found to be dependent on TA-MC secretion of TGF-β and IL-13 during in vitro co-culture. Further, blocking IL-13 and TGF-β in vivo prevented the induction of DC tolerogenicity and the induction of T cell tolerance, which, in turn, resulted in reduced tumor burden. Our findings reveal novel mast cell-mediated mechanisms that favor immune tolerance over anti-tumor immunity and therefore provide promising targets for the enhancement of cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3540. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3540
Rituximab in relapsed lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: long-term results of a phase 2 trial by the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG)
Authors: Holger Schulz, Ute Rehwald, Franck Morschhauser, Thomas Elter, Christoph Driessen, Thomas Rüdiger, Peter Borchmann, Roland Schnell, Volker Diehl, Andreas Engert, Marcel Reiser
Journal: Blood (2007)
Quantitative assessment of primary skin irritants in vitro in a cytotoxicity model: comparison with in vivo human irritation tests
Authors: K-P. Wilhelm, B. Bottjer, C-P. Siegers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background While great efforts have been made in recent years to develop in vitro methods for assessing skin irritation potential, there are relatively few data that correlate in vitro data with in vivo data. Objectives To expand our previously reported investigations on in vitro vs. in vivo correlation of a series of homologous N‐alkyl sulphates of different alkyl chain length to include primary skin irritants of different chemical classes. Methods Anionic surfactants (three different sodium alkyl sulphonates and sodium lauryl sulphate), cationic surfactants (three alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides), non‐ionic surfactants (polyoxyethylene‐20‐cetyl ether and Tween 20), benzoic acid, dimethyl sulphoxide and phenol were chosen as model irritants. A spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte line, HaCaT, was used as an in vitro model to predict the cutaneous irritation. The end‐point used to assess toxicity was uptake of the vital dye neutral red (NR) 24 h after dosing. The cytotoxicity data from these assays were compared with the irritant responses (as evaluated by measurement of erythema and transepidermal water loss) obtained after 24‐h application of the same compounds (100 µL of 20 mmol L−1 aqueous solution) to the volar forearm of human volunteers. Results All tested irritants had cytotoxic effects as demonstrated by a decreased NR uptake, which showed a clear dose–response relationship. Concentrations resulting in 50% inhibition of NR uptake (IC50) ranged from 8 µmol L−1 (hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) to 328 mmol L−1 (dimethyl sulphoxide). We found a good overall correlation between in vitro cytotoxicity (NR uptake IC50 values) and in vivo irritation potential in humans. Only the high molecular weight compounds Tween 20 and polyoxyethylene‐20‐cethyl ether were problematic, as their irritation potential was overestimated by the in vitro assay. This non‐conformity of these high molecular weight (> 1000) compounds was expected, and can be largely attributed to the epidermal permeability barrier. The epidermal barrier, which greatly limits the percutaneous penetration of xenobiotics in vivo, does not exist in cell culture models. Conclusions The in vitro cytotoxicity model is a useful screening tool, but data should be interpreted critically and require confirmation by appropriate in vivo studies.
Analysis of crypt cell proliferation in coeliac disease using MI-B1 antibody shows an increase in growth fraction.
Authors: R Przemioslo, N A Wright, G Elia, P J Ciclitira
Journal: Gut (1995)

This study aimed to investigate the pattern of cellular proliferation and to calculate the growth fraction of small intestinal crypts in 24 patients--eight with untreated coeliac disease (CD), six with treated CD, and 10 controls with normal villous architecture. Duodenal biopsy specimens were stained with MI-B1 antibody using an immunoperoxidase method. Positive stained crypt cells were counted and their position within each intact crypt column was noted. These were used to construct proliferation index distribution curves for each cell position from which the crypt growth fraction for each group of patients was calculated. The crypt growth fraction was found to be higher in the untreated CD group (0.57) than in the treated patients (0.39) and the controls (0.44). The mean (SEM) proliferative index for each crypt was significantly higher in the untreated group (42.3 (10.8)%; p &lt; 0.05) than in the treated CD (21.7 (8.5)%) and control (19.7 (7.5)%) groups and correlated closely with the surface:volume index and enterocyte cell height measurements in all three groups. An increased growth fraction may contribute to other changes in crypt cell kinetics to produce the histological changes seen in untreated CD.
Development of a mouse-specific cDNA set for microarray gene expression analysis: differential gene expression in melanocyte lineage samples of the neural crest
Authors: U. Teichmann, G. Schuler, T. Moore, T. Otsuka, G. Merlino, J. Khan, Y. Chen, M. Bittner, P. Meltzer, J. Trent, W. Pavan
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Quantitative radionuclide assessment of regional ventricular function after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: Results of phase I Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial
Authors: Frans J.Th. Wackers, Michael L. Terrin, David S. Kayden, Genell Knatterud, Sandra Forman, Eugene Braunwald, Barry L. Zaret
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Induction of Long-Term Glycemic Control in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients by Transient Intensive Insulin Treatment
Authors: Hasan Ilkova, Benjamin Glaser, Aydin Tunçkale, Nazif Bagriaçik, Erol Cerasi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes is a slowly progressive disease, in which the gradual deterioration of glucose tolerance is associated with the progressive decrease in β-cell function. Hyperglycemia per se has deleterious effects on both beta-cell function and insulin action, which are partially reversible by the short-term control of blood glucose levels. We hypothesized that the induction of euglycemia, using intensive insulin therapy at the time of clinical diagnosis, could lead to a significant improvement in insulin secretion and action and thus alter the clinical course of the disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirteen newly diagnosed diet-unresponsive type 2 diabetic patients were treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) for 2 weeks and followed longitudinally while being treated with diet alone. RESULTS Four patients were considered therapeutic failures since CSII failed to induce euglycemia (n = 1) or glucose control deteriorated within 6 months after CSII (n = 3). The remaining nine patients were maintained on diet alone with adequate control from 9 to &amp;gt; 50 months (median ± SE, 26 ± 4.8 months). In five patients, glycemic control deteriorated after 9–36 months, but a repeat 2-week CSII treatment reestablished control in four patients. One of these patients underwent a third CSII treatment 13 months later. At the time this article was written, six patients of the initial group were still controlled without medication 16–59 months (median ± SE, 45.5 ± 6.6 months) after the initiation of treatment. Body weight remained unchanged in all patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in a significant proportion of type 2 diabetic patients who fail to respond to dietary measures, short-term intensive insulin treatment can effectively establish responsiveness, allowing long-term glycemic control without medication. Further studies are required to establish whether simpler treatment regimens could be equally effective. If the hypothesis offered here finds support, present approaches to the management of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes may need to be revised.
Regulatory Haplotypes in <i>ARG1</i> Are Associated with Altered Bronchodilator Response
Authors: Qing Ling Duan, Brigitte R. Gaume, Gregory A. Hawkins, Blanca E. Himes, Eugene R. Bleecker, Barbara Klanderman, Charles G. Irvin, Stephen P. Peters, Deborah A. Meyers, John P. Hanrahan, John J. Lima, Augusto A. Litonjua, Kelan G. Tantisira, Stephen B. Liggett
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: β2-agonists, the most common treatment for asthma, have a wide interindividual variability in response, which is partially attributed to genetic factors. We previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the arginase 1 (ARG1) gene, which are associated with β2-agonist bronchodilator response (BDR).Objectives: To identify cis-acting haplotypes in the ARG1 locus that are associated with BDR in patients with asthma and regulate gene expression in vitro.Methods: We resequenced ARG1 in 96 individuals and identified three common, 5′ haplotypes (denoted 1, 2, and 3). A haplotype-based association analysis of BDR was performed in three independent, adult asthma drug trial populations. Next, each haplotype was cloned into vectors containing a luciferase reporter gene and transfected into human airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to ascertain its effect on gene expression.Measurements and Main Results: BDR varied by haplotype in each of the three populations with asthma. Individuals with haplotype 1 were more likely to have higher BDR, compared to those with haplotypes 2 and 3, which is supported by odds ratios of 1.25 (95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.71) and 2.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.34–2.52), respectively. Luciferase expression was 50% greater in cells transfected with haplotype 1 compared to haplotypes 2 and 3.Conclusions: The identified ARG1 haplotypes seem to alter BDR and differentially regulate gene expression with a concordance of decreased BDR and reporter activity from haplotypes 2 and 3. These findings may facilitate pharmacogenetic tests to predict individuals who may benefit from other therapeutic agents in addition to β2-agonists for optimal asthma management.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00156819, NCT00046644, and NCT00073840).
Analysis of dietary intake of selected metals in the NHEXAS-Maryland investigation.
Authors: P B Ryan, K A Scanlon, D L MacIntosh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

As part of a large pilot investigation of multimedia exposure to several classes of environmental contaminants, the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS)-Maryland study, we collected 388 semiquantitative food checklists and duplicate diet solid food samples, analyzed for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead concentrations, from 80 individuals in Maryland in 1995-1996 in a repeated measures design. Here we explore several methods to infer foods most strongly associated with concentrations of these metals observed in the duplicate diet in our data set. We employed two techniques in which logarithmically transformed metal concentrations in the duplicate diet were regressed on individual food item consumption using algorithms designed to identify the foods most associated with the observed duplicate diet concentrations. We also employed an alternative strategy in which foods to be used as independent variables in regression were selected using data collected in national food consumption and residue surveys, with regression procedures proceeding with the selected foods in a similar manner. The concordance of foods selected as major predictors among these three techniques is noteworthy and is discussed. Finally, the Dietary Exposure Potential Model (DEPM) was used with the Dietary Checklist data to predict duplicate diet concentrations within our sample. A comparison between the predicted values and those observed gave R(2) values of 0.180, 0.206, and 0.076 for As, Cd, and Pb, respectively (p < 0.0001 in all cases). We discuss the significance of these observations and the implications for dietary-exposure-based risk analysis and dietary intake epidemiology.