tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fractalkine and CX3CR1 are involved in the recruitment of intraepithelial lymphocytes of intrahepatic bile ducts
Authors: Kumiko Isse, Kenichi Harada, Yoh Zen, Takashi Kamihira, Shinji Shimoda, Mine Harada, Yasuni Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Fractalkine is a chemokine with both chemoattractant and cell-adhesive functions, and in the intestine it is involved with its receptor CX3CR1 in the chemoattraction and recruitment of intraepithelial lymphocytes. We examined the pathophysiological roles of fractalkine and CX3CR1 in normal and diseased bile ducts. Expression of fractalkine and CX3CR1 were examined in liver tissues from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (17 cases) and controls (9 cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis, 10 cases of extrahepatic biliary obstruction, 20 cases of chronic viral hepatitis C, and 18 cases of histologically normal livers). Expression of fractalkine in biliary epithelial cells (BECs) in response to cytokine treatments was examined using a human cholangiocarcinoma cell line (HuCC-T1) and human intrahepatic BEC line. The chemotaxis of CX3CR1-expressing monocytes (THP-1) toward fractalkine was assayed using chemotaxis chambers. Fractalkine messenger RNA/protein were expressed on BECs of normal and diseased bile ducts, and their expression was upregulated in injured bile ducts of primary biliary cirrhosis. CX3CR1 was expressed on infiltrating mononuclear cells in portal tracts and on CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes of injured bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis. Fractalkine messenger RNA expression was upregulated in two cultured BECs on treatment with lipopolysaccharide and Th1-cytokines (interleukin 1β, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor α). THP-1 cells showed chemotaxis toward fractalkine secreted by cultured cells. In conclusion, Th1-cytokine predominance and lipopolysaccharide in the microenvironment of injured bile ducts resulting from primary biliary cirrhosis induce the upregulation of fractalkine expression in BECs, followed by the chemoattraction of CX3CR1-expressing mononuclear cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and their adhesion to BECs and the accumulation of biliary intraepithelial lymphocytes. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:506–516.)
206 THE UN-SUSTAINABLE MATCH IN HCV LIVER TRANSPLANT PATIENTS
Authors: A.W. Avolio, S. Agnes, M.C. Lirosi, M. Salizzoni, A. Pinna, B. Gridelli, L. De Carlis, M. Colledan, G. Gerunda, U. Valente, G. Rossi, G. Ettorre, A. Risaliti, V. Mazzaferro, F. Bresadola, M. Rossi, G. Tisone, F. Zamboni, L. Lupo, O. Cuomo, F. Calise, A. Vitale, N. Nicolotti, R. Romagnoli, A. Cucchetti, S. Gruttadauria, I. Mangoni, D. Pinelli, R. Montalti, M. Gelli, L. Caccamo, G. Vennarecci, D. Nicolini, E. Regalia, U. Baccarani, Q. Lai, T. Manzia, E. Tondolo, M. Rendina, A. Perrella, E. Scuderi, B. Antonelli, C. de Waure, M. Angelico, P. Burra, A. Gasbarrini, U. Cillo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Peripheral chemoreceptor control of fetal renin responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia.
Authors: C E Wood, C Kane, H Raff
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The renin response to hypoxia in late gestation fetal sheep has been well characterized. However, the renin response to asphyxia--the combination of hypoxia and hypercapnia--has not been extensively studied. The purpose of this study was to determine 1) the interaction of hypoxia and hypercapnia in the control of renin secretion in late gestation fetal sheep and 2) the role of peripheral arterial chemoreceptors therein. Chronically catheterized fetal sheep (intact or sinoaortic denervated) were exposed to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia for 30 minutes. Hypercapnia alone had no effect on plasma renin activity or aldosterone but did result in a significant increase in angiotensin II. Hypercapnia combined with hypoxia resulted in a significant increase in renin activity, angiotensin II, and aldosterone. Sinoaortic denervation attenuated the renin and angiotensin II responses to hypercapnia plus hypoxia. The increase in renin and angiotensin II in response to hypercapnia with or without concomitant hypoxia strongly correlated with the magnitude of the decrease in arterial pH in intact fetuses only. Hypoxia alone and in concert with hypercapnia increased mean arterial pressure and decreased heart rate in intact but not sinoaortic denervated fetuses. We conclude that 1) hypercapnia more potently increases plasma renin activity than does hypoxia in late gestation fetal sheep, 2) arterial pH may be the relevant signal perceived by the peripheral arterial chemoreceptors for the control of the renin-angiotensin system during asphyxia, and 3) the cardiovascular response to hypoxia is mediated, in part, by peripheral arterial chemoreceptors.
The juxtaposition of science and medicine in sport. Can we all play together nicely?
Authors: David A Opar, Ebonie Rio
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

The growth in the physical performance team in the elite sport environment has been exponential in recent times. There have never been more personnel involved in the preparation, recovery and injury management of athletes. The practitioners, all with varying and vast skill sets, often include sports physicians, physiotherapists, rehabilitation co-ordinators, strength and conditioning coaches and sports scientists. In some instances, the quest for elite performance has never been so well resourced. Though it must be said, this not true in all sports, including those with less public profile and funding, especially women's sports, which still lacks parity in many facets including the depth of the physical performance team. For the purposes of this editorial, we wish to turn our focus to the juxtaposition of science and medicine in sport and those environments where substantial physical performance teams exist.

Striving for improved performance often involves pushing the athlete to the limit of their capacity, with the ever-present risk of injury. In the perfect world, managing and minimising the risk of injury in athletes would be a collaborative effort, using all the expertise available within the physical performance team; using the experience and learnings from the diverse backgrounds of the team to identify at-risk athletes; instigate interventions to reduce the likelihood of injury and implementing screening and monitoring systems to give daily or weekly information to vindicate your approach or alert you to the need for closer re-examination.

All great in theory.

Anyone who has been involved, in any extent, in an elite sporting environment knows all too well the friction that can exist within the physical performance team. Often there are divergent viewpoints, typically, but not exclusively, between medical (doctor/physio) and performance (S&C and sport scientists) departments (and not to mention the coaching department!). Of course this diversity and robust debate …
Website of the week: Living with diabetes
Authors: B. Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A selection of online resources

Diabetes is one of the world's biggest health problems, and its prevalence is increasing. In the United Kingdom alone, an estimated 1.4 million people have diabetes. This number is predicted to double by 2010, and an estimated 1 million people may have the disease without knowing it. People who want to live their lives without limits, even with diabetes, will need to know a lot about their illness and a lot about themselves. The foundation of basic diabetes care has not changed much in recent years, yet more is becoming known about diabetes every day. Information about diabetes and diabetes care can be obtained from many sources. Most sites featured here offer useful links, media cuttings, …
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction
Authors: H. Sakamoto, M. Kitano, T. Komaki, Y. Takeyama, M. Kudo
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Severe stenosis and obstruction of a pancreaticogastrostomy anastomosis sometimes occurs after surgical pancreatic resection and pancreaticogastrostomy, resulting in abdominal pain and aggravation of diabetes as a result of ductal hypertension [1]. Endoscopic ultrasound-(EUS-)guided pancreaticogastrostomy has been reported as a method for reducing ductal hypertension in patients with chronic pancreatitis. We report a patient who underwent EUS-guided reconstruction of a pancreaticogastrostomy with gastropancreatic stent placement, which rapidly improved his symptoms [2] [3].
H1N1 Vaccine Urged for Health Workers, But Some Resist Getting on Board
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2009)

AS THE VACCINE TO PREVENT THE 2009influenzaA(H1N1)virushas become available in the United States, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has stressed that the firstdosesshouldbegiventocertaingroups.Onesuchgroup,healthcare workers, were designated as a priority group to receive the vaccine, not only to protectpatientsbutalso toprotect themselves and to reduce staff illness and absenteeism at a time when clinical workers may be desperately needed. “Personally, I feel like it’s an important part of quality of care, an opportunity not only to increase your chances of being able to come to work but to decrease your chances of transmitting an infectious agent to at-risk patients,” said Jay Butler, MD, director of the CDC’s H1N1 Vaccine Task Force. But many health care workers worldwide ignore standing advice that they should be vaccinated each year against seasonal influenza. If past behavior is any predictor of future actions, public health officials have reason to be concerned that physicians, nurses, and other health care personnel may not follow the CDC’s recommendations for immunization.
792 48 WEEKS OF PEGINTERFERON alfa-2a/RIBAVIRIN IMPROVES SVR24 AND DECREASES RELAPSE ACROSS HCV GENOTYPE 2/3 PATIENT SUBGROUPS NOT ACHIEVING A RAPID VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE: N-CORE STUDY
Authors: T. Berg, M.L. Shiffman, S. Zeuzem, C.P. Berg, C. de Figueiredo- Mendes, G.J. Dore, M.L. Ferraz, M.C. Mendes-Corrêa, M. Patelli Lima, E. Parise, A.M. Perez Rios, T. Reuter, A.J. Sanyal, S.D. Shafran, M. Hohmann, F. Tatsch, H. Cheinquer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Infectious disease surveillance update
Authors: Stephanie Bartlett
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2013)

On Nov 25, the Ministry of Health in Mexico reported an additional four cases of cholera infection, bringing the total number of confirmed cases in the country to 184. The current outbreak began in September, and is the first local transmission of cholera recorded in Mexico since 2001. Local health authorities are working to ensure access to drinking water and basic sanitation at the community level. Awareness campaigns focusing on safe water and food consumption are being carried out in Spanish and indigenous languages.
Secretary of Health, Human Services to Hear Recommendations for Improving Immunization
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

TODAY'S MEASLES outbreaks may be the first sign of serious trouble in the nation's immunization system. Partly because rubeola is more readily transmitted than other childhood infections such as rubella and mumps, "the appearance of measles is a sensitive indicator of the inadequacies of our vaccination system," says Donald A. Henderson, MD, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md, and chair of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee to the secretary of the US Department of Health and Human Services. "It raises the specter of whether we might expect, further down the line, outbreaks of polio [should it be imported], pertussis, and diphtheria." If the system is failing to provide the current vaccines——such as for measles—to the nation's children effectively, then it is totally inadequate to provide the new vaccines that are waiting in the wings, Henderson says. The latter include<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>vaccines for 2-month-old infants (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1375)
Eosinophils differentially accumulate in the necrotic and capsule areas of solid tumors independent of CD4+ T-cell activities*1
Authors: T.D. Nguyen, S.A. Cormier, C.E. Bedient, C.A. Protheroe, D.M. Dimina, S.I. Ochkur, M.P. McGarry, N.A. Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
NHS operating framework for 2010-11 places emphasis on quality
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The NHS operating framework for England for 2010-11 sets out how the payment system will be changed to reward quality, with increases to hospitals only available by improving quality.

After 2011 the fixed price tariff system will be abandoned. For the first time “best practice tariffs” will be introduced so that the prices paid reflect the highest quality care and the NHS will no longer pay for “never events.”

Much of the content of the framework was pre-empted by health secretary Andy Burnham last week when he launched his document NHS 2010-15 ( BMJ 2009;339:b5451, doi:10.1136/bmj.b5451). The operating framework document puts more flesh on the bones of this vision. For the third year in a row the national priorities remain the same, including reducing healthcare acquired infections and maintaining target waiting times.

In a forward to the report the NHS chief executive, David Nicholson, said, “If we are successful, the NHS in five years’ time will have more services closer to home and therefore less investment and activity in the acute sector. There will be much less variation, with the NHS pound increasingly spent on defined quality …
The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
Authors: C. Bruce Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This publication represents the proceedings of a symposium on atherogenesis presented before the 1971 annual meeting of the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists. The editors are to be commended for their selection of topics and speakers. In most instances each of the ten chapters gives a clear and concise picture of important facets of a disease that is due to a combination of many factors. The material presented is well documented throughout; there is a total of 959 references in the book. The introductory chapter by Haust and More is outstanding and fervently urges all investigators to abandon their unitarian theories of atherogenesis and accept a multifaceted theory of pathogenesis. Almost one third of the book, written by Stamler and co-workers, is devoted to risk factors in atherogenesis. Much of this chapter has appeared in other publications. However, Stamler and co-workers have again presented a forceful and convincing case
Early determinants of physical activity in adolescence: prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Pedro C Hallal, Jonathan C K Wells, Felipe F Reichert, Luciana Anselmi, Cesar G Victora
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To examine the effects of early social, anthropometric, and behavioural variables on physical activity in adolescence. <b>Design</b> Prospective birth cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Pelotas, southern Brazil. <b>Participants</b> 4453 adolescents aged 10-12 years participating in the Pelotas 1993 birth cohort study (follow-up rate 87.5%). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Sedentary lifestyle (&lt; 300 minutes of physical activity per week) and median physical activity score (minutes per week). <b>Results</b> The prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle at age 10-12 years was 58.2% (95% confidence interval 56.7% to 59.7%). Risk factors for a sedentary lifestyle in adolescence were female sex, high family income at birth, high maternal education at birth, and low birth order. Weight gain variables at ages 0-1, 1-4, and 4-11 years and overweight at age 1 or 4 years were not significant predictors of physical activity. Levels of physical activity at age 4 years, based on maternal report, were inversely related to a sedentary lifestyle at age 10-12 years. <b>Conclusions</b> Physical activity in adolescence does not seem to be programmed by physiological factors in infancy. A positive association between birth order and activity may be due to greater intensity of play in childhood and adolescence. Tracking of physical activity from age 4 to 10-12 years, however, suggests that genetic factors or early habit formation may be important.
Comparisons of Condylar Movements with the Functional Occlusal Clutch and Tray Clutch Recording Methods in CADIAX® system
Authors: Bi‐jie Han, Hong Kang, Lai‐kui Liu, Xin‐zhu Yi, Xiao‐qing Li
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2010)

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of the two clutches on recording the condylar movement. Ten subjects (6 women, 4 men; mean age 25.4 years) participated in the study. The mandibular movement, sagittal condylar inclination angle, and transversal condylar inclination angle of each subject were recorded with the CADIAX® using the two clutches, respectively. The characteristics of the tracings of the protrusion, opening, and mediotrusion were analyzed with the t‐test statistics at α = 0.05 level. The Kappa values were calculated for an assessment of the congruence of the tracings. The results showed that the contour, direction, and dimension of the tracings in the two clutches were approximately same, but the tracings determined by the functional occlusal clutch were more regular and congruent. In the group segment recorded with the tray clutch, opening/closing paths of one subject showed crossed and time curves of three subjects appeared peak‐like changes of velocity, but none were statistically different (P>0.05). The research suggests that the functional occlusal clutch should be preferred in the evaluation of the mandibular function, as the tracings with the tray clutch are more likely to produce false positive results.
THE PREPARATION OF PRIVATE HOUSES FOR OPERATIONS
Authors: JOHN COOKE HIRST
Journal: JAMA (1913)

It is perfectly feasible to arrange private houses for operations so that the lack of hospital facilities need not be felt. An abdominal operation is, of course, more easily done and the patient more easily cared for in a hospital than at the patient's home, but even this type of operation can be adequately cared for at home, provided the preparation is sufficiently well made. Ordinary operations, especially plastics for the repair of the injuries of childbirth, are satisfactorily done in the patient's home. A trained nurse, or one at least accustomed to the care of surgical cases and with a working knowledge of asepsis, is most desirable, but not indispensable, provided the physician is willing to give minute instructions as to the care required and to attend to such details as catheterization himself. <h3>The Choice of a Room.</h3> —If possible, the room should be one adjoining the patient's bedroom,
Calcium-Antagonist Drugs
Authors: Jeffrey S. Flier, Lisa H. Underhill, Solomon H. Snyder, Ian J. Reynolds
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

THE use of a group of drugs collectively referred to as "calcium antagonists," "slow channel antagonists," or "calcium-channel blockers" is likely to increase in the coming years. Currently, calcium antagonists are used primarily in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, and only three of these drugs —nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem — are available in the United States. However, numerous others that are already available to European clinicians are likely to be used in this country in the near future.One of the most striking aspects of the calcium-antagonist drugs is their chemical heterogeneity (Fig. 1). Many of these drugs were developed . . .
FURTHER EXPERIENCES WITH A MODIFICATION IN THE OPERATIVE METHOD FOR INVETERATE RELAPSING AND ALL AGGRAVATED FORMS OF PES EQUINO-VARUS.
Authors: A. F. JONAS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Congenital deformities involving chiefly the mediotarsal joint come so frequently to our notice that they seem to have lost interest. Manipulations, brisement forcé, tenotomies and retentive appliances when carried out with judgment and patience in time tend to recovery in a large number of cases. When these corrected deformities pass from under the observation of the surgeon the results are designated as satisfactory, meaning by that, that the plantar surface rests squarely on the floor and that walking is accomplished, not perfectly, for there is still a slight limp, a slight toeing inwards, possibly a moderate rolling inwards of the entire extremity. The patient and friends are cautioned that relapse is possible and probable if corrective measures are at once abandoned. Your injunction, it is one thing to correct a deformity and an entirely different and more important matter to keep it corrected, is given with emphasis in the hope
Cardiology Patient Page
Authors: Joseph P. Ornato, Mary M. Hand
Journal: Circulation (2001)

ach year, Ϸ1.1 million Americans experience a heart attack; Ϸ460 000 of them are fatal.Of those who die, almost half do so suddenly, before they can get to a hospital.Although a heart attack is a frightening event, if you learn the signs of a heart attack and what steps to take, you can save a life-perhaps even your own.
Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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Endocarditis and the mitral valve.
Authors: M Stannard, A J Goble
Journal: BMJ (1967)

of these cases was strongly positive on the bone marrow, though only very weakly posi- tive on the peripheral blood.The anti-D antibody titre was 1/1,024.Exaimination of this infant's blood showed that virtually only Rh-negative cells (that is, like those given by transfusion) were present.This observation supports the hypothesis that the late anaemia seen in verysevere Rh disease is due to the persistence of antibodies in the blood.This phenomenon has become apparently more common recently, since, because intrauterine transfusion is now per- formed, these infants do not require large exchange transfusion at birth, and also there is an increasing survival of severe cases.-We are, etc.,