tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Kala-azar outbreak is symptomatic of humanitarian crisis facing southern Sudan
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An outbreak of kala-azar demonstrates the “dire humanitarian crisis” facing southern Sudan, according to the medical charity Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), as the region heads towards a referendum on independence on 9 January 2011.

The agency says the outbreak is “just one symptom” of the wider medical humanitarian crisis in southern Sudan, which includes an “abysmal lack of healthcare, chronic malnutrition, regular outbreaks of preventable diseases, and insecurity that displaces communities and destroys lives.”

Kala-azar, or visceral leishmaniasis, is a neglected tropical disease carried by sandflies and is endemic in the region. Symptoms include an enlarged spleen, fever, weakness, and wasting. It thrives in poor, remote, and …
Could proximal white subungual onychomycosis be a complication of systemic spread? The lessons to be learned from Maladie Dermatophytique and other deep infections
Authors: R. Baran, N. McLoone, R.J. Hay
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Could proximal white subungual onychomycosis be a complication of systemic spread? The lessons to be learned from Maladie Dermatophytique and other deep infections Get access R. Baran, R. Baran Nail Disease Centre, 42 rue des Serbes, 06400 Cannes, France *Dermatology Department, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AB, U.K. †Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Whitla Medical Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. McLoone, N. McLoone Nail Disease Centre, 42 rue des Serbes, 06400 Cannes, France *Dermatology Department, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AB, U.K. †Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Whitla Medical Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.J. Hay R.J. Hay Nail Disease Centre, 42 rue des Serbes, 06400 Cannes, France *Dermatology Department, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AB, U.K. †Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Whitla Medical Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K Roderick Hay. E‐mail: r.hay@qub.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 153, Issue 5, 1 November 2005, Pages 1023–1025, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06838.x Published: 01 November 2005 Article history Accepted: 18 April 2005 Published: 01 November 2005
The Hypervariable Region of Streptococcus pyogenes M Protein Escapes Antibody Attack by Antigenic Variation and Weak Immunogenicity
Authors: Jonas Lannergård, Mattias C.U. Gustafsson, Johan Waldemarsson, Anna Norrby-Teglund, Margaretha Stålhammar-Carlemalm, Gunnar Lindahl
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
Stomatocytic transformation of red blood cells after marathon running
Authors: Walter H. Reinhart, Shu Chien
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract We studied red blood cell morphology in two marathon runners before, immediately after, and 1 day after a marathon race. A discocyte‐stomatocyte transformation was found by light microscopy of wet preparations and also by scanning electron microscopy, with about one‐half the erythrocytes becoming cup‐shaped after the marathon. These changes were completely reversible within 18 hr after the race.
Research on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication
Authors: Drummond Rennie, Annette Flanagin
Journal: JAMA (2014)

This issue of JAMA includes 3 reports1- 3 first presented at the Seventh International Congress on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication in September 2013.4 At the first congress, held in 1989, the most common topic of the presented abstracts was editorial peer review.5 Since then, the research presented and discussed has substantially broadened to include all aspects of biomedical publication—from research proposals to sharing data after publication.4
THE FOURTH VENEREAL DISEASE
Authors: W. M. Donovan
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To  Editor:  —In  interests of uniform medical nomenclature and to avoid confusion in medical literature, I wish to call attention to  misapplication of  expression the fourth venereal  as used by Cole in his otherwise excellent special article inThe Journal, September 30. In this article  expression is used synonymously with lymphogranuloma inguinale in  title, while in  text  expression is used but once, when he says, It has also been given such names as 'the fourth venereal disease,' 'tropical bubo,'... No reference is given as to when it was first spoken of as the fourth venereal disease, but judging by  context I would assume that it was not many years ago. Neither was mention made of  disease erosive and gangrenous balanitis, to which Corbus and Harris (The Journal, May 8, 1909, p. 1474) gave  status of a fourth venereal
Congenital Aortic Stenosis
Authors: ANDREW G. MORROW, EDWARD H. SHARP, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Ten years ago congenital aortic stenosis was generally considered to be uncommon and seldom to carry a grave prognosis. The severity of obstruction of left ventricular outflow could not be directly assessed and suitable surgical procedures for its correction were not available. The changing concepts in respect to this malformation are reflected in the series of 30 patients described. The lesion was found to be relatively common and frequently serious. The severity and site of obstruction could be precisely evaluated and a physiologic basis was provided for the selection of patients for operation providing direct exposure of the aortic valve.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Bypass Surgery in United States Veterans With Diabetes
Authors: Masoor Kamalesh, Thomas G. Sharp, X. Charlene Tang, Kendrick Shunk, Herbert B. Ward, James Walsh, Spencer King, Cindy Colling, Thomas Moritz, Kevin Stroupe, Domenic Reda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Comparison of fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization and dual color chromogenic <i>in situ</i> hybridization for the assessment of <i>HER</i>2 status on core-needle breast cancer biopsies.
Authors: A Suárez-Gauthier, E García-García, E Conde, A Muñoz, M Torres, C Miró, L García-Estevez, F López-Ríos
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3015 Background: Core-needle biopsies have been shown to be extremely useful for evaluation of prognostic and predictive markers. In breast cancer patients, this is particularly important in the setting of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, it is well known that immunohistochemistry can give conflictive results on small biopsies or core-needle biopsies. This study evaluates the concordance between HER2 gene amplification determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and a new dual color cromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) in a series of core-needle breast biopsies.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods: A total of 37 invasive breast carcinomas diagnosed on core-nedle breast biopsies were selected from our files. Dual color FISH (Dako, Glostrup) and dual color CISH (Dako, Glostrup) were performed in each case. Scoring of the FISH and CISH slides was identical, counting HER2 and CEN-17 signals from 60 tumour nuclei per case. Finally, the gene to CEN-17 ratio was calculated using the cut-off value of HER2/CEN-17 ratio &amp;gt;2 as amplified.&amp;#x2028; Results: All 37 specimens were analyzed successfully by CISH and FISH. A high concordance was found between FISH and CISH in the assessment of HER2 status. 12 cases were amplified and counted easily with both techniques, showing similar ratios. Polysomy was also detected with both techniques in 5 cases with no amplification.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: Given the presumed heterogeneous expression of HER2 immunohistochemistry on core-needle biopsies, dual color CISH might be an alternative to FISH in this setting. Moreover, CISH allows for a better concurrent analysis of morphology, which is particularly important when studying small samples. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3015.
To Kill and Kill Again—Dr Shipman
Authors: Cameron Stark
Journal: BMJ (2005)

ITV 1, 1 March at 9 pm Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> T here are several reasons why murderers are able to kill over long periods. The commonest circumstance is that deaths are not identified as murders, or not connected with one another. Some prey on groups at the edge of society, whose disappearances are not noticed. Fred and Rose West concealed the bodies of their victims, so no murder investigations were launched. Some killers in countries with more population mobility or less developed law enforcement kill for years before detection because deaths are not identified as having one source. … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Weapons injuries during and after periods of conflict: retrospective analysis
Authors: D. R Meddings
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the relative frequency of weapon injuries during conflict and after periods of conflict in the absence of disarmament. <b>Design:</b> Retrospective analysis of a database of war wounds. <b>Setting:</b> Region with a protracted conflict between rival combatant groups and a subsequent transition to the uncontested military authority of a single power. <b>Subjects:</b> 2332 people who received weapons injuries during the conflict or post-conflict periods and were admitted to hospital within 24 hours of injury. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Percentage change in mean monthly admission rate by weapon type between conflict and post-conflict periods; annual incidence of injury by weapon type during conflict and post-conflict periods; percentage change in annual incidence by weapon type between conflict and post-conflict periods. <b>Results:</b> Mean monthly admission rates for injuries from fragmentation munitions decreased by 8% between conflict and post-conflict periods and by 23% for injuries from mines and 32% for gunshot injuries. The decline in admissions for all injuries was 23%. After adjustment for population growth over the study period, declines in annual incidence were 22% for fragmentation munitions injuries, 34% for mine injuries, and 40% for gunshot injuries. The decline in incidence for all injuries was 33%. In-hospital mortality from weapons related injuries increased from 2.5% to 6.1% (P&lt;0.001) between conflict and post-conflict periods. <b>Conclusions:</b> In this setting, continued availability of weapons is associated with increased mortality and a level of injuries from weapons that is only somewhat reduced from that observed during a period of conflict.
Lactulose in baby milks.
Authors: R G Hendrickse
Journal: BMJ (1977)

It is now more than 15 years since the molecular structures of the major prostanoid receptors were elucidated. Since then, substantial progress has been achieved with respect to distribution and function, signal transduction mechanisms, and the design of agonists and antagonists (http://www.iuphar-db.org/DATABASE/FamilyIntroductionForward?familyId=58). This review systematically details these advances. More recent developments in prostanoid receptor research are included. The DP<sub>2</sub> receptor, also termed CRTH2, has little structural resemblance to DP<sub>1</sub> and other receptors described in the original prostanoid receptor classification. DP<sub>2</sub> receptors are more closely related to chemoattractant receptors. Prostanoid receptors have also been found to heterodimerize with other prostanoid receptor subtypes and nonprostanoids. This may extend signal transduction pathways and create new ligand recognition sites: prostacyclin/thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> heterodimeric receptors for 8-<i>epi</i>-prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub>, wild-type/alternative (alt4) heterodimers for the prostaglandin FP receptor for bimatoprost and the prostamides. It is anticipated that the 15 years of research progress described herein will lead to novel therapeutic entities.
Persistent Malignant Stem Cells in del(5q) Myelodysplasia in Remission
Authors: Ramin Tehranchi, Petter S Woll, Kristina Anderson, Natalija Buza-Vidas, Takuo Mizukami, Adam J Mead, Ingbritt Astrand-Grundström, Bodil Strömbeck, Andrea Horvat, Helen Ferry, Rakesh Singh Dhanda, Robert Hast, Tobias Rydén, Paresh Vyas, Gudrun Göhring, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Bertil Johansson, Eva Hellström-Lindberg, Alan List, Lars Nilsson, Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Patients who have the 5q deletion (del[5q]) myelodysplastic syndrome (interstitial deletions involving the long arm of chromosome 5) have complete clinical and cytogenetic remissions in response to lenalidomide treatment, but they often have relapse. To determine whether the persistence of rare but distinct malignant stem cells accounts for such relapses, we examined bone marrow specimens obtained from seven patients with the del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome who became transfusion-independent while receiving lenalidomide treatment and entered cytogenetic remission.
Gene expression profiles associated with acute myocardial infarction and risk of cardiovascular death
Authors: Jinhee Kim, Nima Ghasemzadeh, Danny J Eapen, Neo Christopher Chung, John D Storey, Arshed A Quyyumi, Greg Gibson
Journal: Genome Medicine (2014)

Genetic risk scores have been developed for coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis, but are not predictive of adverse cardiovascular events. We asked whether peripheral blood expression profiles may be predictive of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and/or cardiovascular death.Peripheral blood samples from 338 subjects aged 62 ± 11 years with coronary artery disease (CAD) were analyzed in two phases (discovery N = 175, and replication N = 163), and followed for a mean 2.4 years for cardiovascular death. Gene expression was measured on Illumina HT-12 microarrays with two different normalization procedures to control technical and biological covariates. Whole genome genotyping was used to support comparative genome-wide association studies of gene expression. Analysis of variance was combined with receiver operating curve and survival analysis to define a transcriptional signature of cardiovascular death.In both phases, there was significant differential expression between healthy and AMI groups with overall down-regulation of genes involved in T-lymphocyte signaling and up-regulation of inflammatory genes. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis provided evidence for altered local genetic regulation of transcript abundance in AMI samples. On follow-up there were 31 cardiovascular deaths. A principal component (PC1) score capturing covariance of 238 genes that were differentially expressed between deceased and survivors in the discovery phase significantly predicted risk of cardiovascular death in the replication and combined samples (hazard ratio = 8.5, P < 0.0001) and improved the C-statistic (area under the curve 0.82 to 0.91, P = 0.03) after adjustment for traditional covariates.A specific blood gene expression profile is associated with a significant risk of death in Caucasian subjects with CAD. This comprises a subset of transcripts that are also altered in expression during acute myocardial infarction.
A CHILD WHO CHANGED MY LIFE
Authors: P. Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Just as Dr Hugh Jackson's practice was changed by one child's death (BMJ 1995;310:49), so my life was altered by the death of a boy killed by a V1 flying bomb in 1944. Although this did not lead me to become a doctor, I did eventually become a careers adviser; and over 28 years I must have aided the entry of some 200 students into medical schools.

In the autumn of 1944, when I was serving in civil defence in London, I heard our bell announcing “immediate danger overhead”—a warning of the approach of a flying bomb. Soon the roar of its ram jet cut out and the dive began; the V1 struck the road outside Kensal Green station in north west London, very …
Studies of Oxygen Administration in Respiratory Failure
Authors: FREDERIC ELDRIDGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The effects of low-flow oxygen administration on arterial blood oxygen tension (PO2) carbon dioxide tension (PCO2), and pH were studied in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic pulmonary disease and who had hypoxemia and hypercapnia while breathing room air. Increases of arterial PO2 in these patients almost always led to rises in arterial PCO2. However, the majority of patients tolerated increases in arterial PO2 to adequate levels without developing large increases in either PCO2 or hydrogen ion concentration. Although there were wide variations in the rise in PCO2 for a given increase in PO2, it was found that patients with low initial PO2 tended to have greater PCO2 rises and that in a given patient the greater the increase in PO2, the greater was the resulting increase in PCO2. The findings suggest that a majority of patients with respiratory failure consequent to chronic obstructive respiratory disease can be managed with controlled oxygen during an acute exacerbation of their disease, without recourse to tracheostomy and machine-supported respiration. A suggested approach to this method of management is given. The necessity for repeated blood gas analyses for arterial PO2, PCO2, and pH during the care of these patients is stressed.
Therapeutic Control of Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: J R Archer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

of the Inflammation Research Associa- tion held in New York in November 1982.It consists principally of accounts of laboratory experiments using in-vitro systems or experimental animals.The first third of the book is concerned with arachidonic acid and its metabolites.This is followed by a section on aspects of the immune response, and then by several reviews on second line inflammatory drugs and experimental animal models of arthritis.The book concludes with abstracts from papers presented at the meeting.In common with many others of its type, this volume contains a number of papers whose purpose is obscure.They fail to include sufficient detail to be of use to the specialist reader but lack the background and structure needed by others.There are, however, a number of useful articles.
Precise Segmental Renal Artery Clamping Under the Guidance of Dual-source Computed Tomography Angiography During Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy
Authors: Pengfei Shao, Lijun Tang, Pu Li, Yi Xu, Chao Qin, Qiang Cao, Xiaobing Ju, Xiaoxin Meng, Qiang Lv, Jie Li, Wei Zhang, Changjun Yin
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Lipid Research Clinics Program
Authors: Peter Franks
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  In reading the LRC-CPPT findings, 1 I wonder why the cholestyramine group had a higher incidence of accidental and homicidal deaths. Is this merely chance or is it possibly causal? The authors note that half of the victims had high blood alcohol levels. Does cholestyramine increase the risk of excessive alcohol consumption in a subgroup of patients? Consider the increased hospitalization rates for gastritis and ulcer in cholestyramine patients. Consider their increases in liver function enzyme levels. Consider that in Table 6 noting selected variables, all values quoted are mean values except those for alcohol consumption, which are quoted as median values. Does this obscure a skewed distribution (with a higher mean) due to a subgroup of patients using cholestyramine with high alcohol consumption? It may be that the higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the cholestyramine group are related to an increased alcohol consumption. It would
A novel protein overexpressed in hepatoma accelerates export of NF-κB from the nucleus and inhibits p53-dependent apoptosis
Authors: Hisako Higashitsuji, Hiroaki Higashitsuji, Toshikazu Nagao, Kohsuke Nonoguchi, Shingo Fujii, Katsuhiko Itoh, Jun Fujita
Journal: Cancer Cell (2002)
Pilocarpine Nitrate and Psychostimulants
Authors: John Prutting
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE PURPOSE of this paper is to report in more detail1the use of pilocarpine nitrate orally in a private practice to combat dryness of the mouth and other side effects of psychostimulants. Although pilocarpine has been reported to antagonize dryness of the mouth caused by ganglion-blocking agents,2there appears to have been no report in the literature of its use with psychostimulants.  The pharmacology of pilocarpine has been thoroughly studied.3It has a highly selective action on cells innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves. It stimulates smooth muscle and exocrine glands innervated by these nerves. The sweat and salivary glands are particularly responsive. Also stimulated are lacrimal, gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal glands, hepatic biliary secretions, and the mucous cells of the respiratory tract. Applied locally it causes miosis, lasting from several hours to a day.  Effects of the alkaloid on the circulatory system are not remarkable. The
Manson's Tropical Diseases
Authors: Raymond E. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The original, single-authored, pocket-sized edition of Manson's Tropical Diseases was published in 1898 when the causes of only a few tropical diseases were known (cholera, plague, and malaria) and when only one nutritional syndrome (beriberi) was recognized if not understood. In contrast, the present 19th edition is a highly definitive, sweeping textbook written by 26 international contributors and weighing almost six pounds.  This book maintains the intended objective as a reference for the clinician and the district health officer working in hot climates. It is organized in a practical and easy-to-follow format. New in this edition, for example, is the presentation of many infectious diseases under their cardinal features (diarrhea, fever, ulcers, pox). Where dominant clinical characteristics are not predictable, diseases are presented traditionally according to biologic agents (worms, bacteria, spirochetes, fungi, viruses). In a short but illuminating overview, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus appear as global
The Length of the Hospital Stay after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Elliott M. Antman, Karen M. Kuntz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

“Doctor, how much damage was there to my heart?” “When can I go home?” Any physician who has worked in a coronary care unit will recognize these two questions as the most common ones asked by patients recovering from myocardial infarction. Until the 1950s, patients were told that the infarcted heart was like a fractured bone, best treated by immobilization and a hospital stay of four to six weeks.1 A major advance, albeit extremely controversial when introduced, was to put a chair next to the hospital bed so that the patient could assume a comfortable seated posture.2 The duration of . . .
Accuracy of noncontact mapping in identifying lines of conduction block as a function of distance
Authors: Hiroshi Aoyama, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Jose Baltazar de Castro, Peter Spector, Daniel L. Lustgarten, Sunny S. Po, Manisha Ashar, Karen J. Beckman, Ralph Lazzara, Warren M. Jackman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)