tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of two calcium phosphate pastes on the remineralization of artificial caries: a randomized controlled double-blind in situ study
Authors: Somkamol Vanichvatana, Prim Auychai
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

To test the efficacy of two calcium phosphate pastes compared to that of fluoride toothpaste on remineralizing artificial caries in situ, this study had a double-blind crossover in situ design, involving three experimental phases of 14 days each, with an 8-day washout period between phases. Nine healthy subjects participated in the study. The subjects wore removable palatal appliances mounted with six human enamel slabs with artificial caries lesions, and in each of the experimental phases, used one of the following methods two times/day: group A, brushing with 1.0 g of Colgate Regular Flavor, followed by applying 0.25 g of Tooth Mousse Plus; group B, brushing with 0.25 g of Clinpro Tooth Crème; and group C, brushing with 1.0 g of Colgate Regular Flavor. After 14 days, the enamel slabs (54 slabs/group) were embedded in resin, sectioned and examined with a polarized-light microscope, and the lesion areas were quantified using Image-Pro Plus. All experimental groups showed a significant reduction in lesion area compared to the initial lesion area (paired t-test, P<0.001). The mean reduction in lesion area of Groups A, B and C were (0.029±0.010), (0.030±0.009) and (0.027±0.009) mm2, respectively. There were no statistical differences between groups (Kruskal–Wallis test, P>0.05). All three groups remineralized the enamel slab lesions, indicating model sensitivity to fluoride. Given the differences in usage amounts and treated regimens, Clinpro Tooth Crème provided similar benefits to the fluoride toothpaste; however, no additional benefit of Tooth Mousse Plus was observed when used in conjunction with the fluoride toothpaste. A comparative study suggests that fluoride toothpaste is as effective at promoting cavity repair as more expensive alternative treatments. Tooth demineralization accelerates the formation of dental caries, and consumers can now choose between several calcium- and phosphate-rich compounds that were developed to augment the reparative properties of conventional fluoride toothpastes. Somkamol Vanichvatana and Prim Auychai of Chulalongkorn University in Thailand studied the effectiveness of two of these products, CPP-ACPF and f TCP, with a group of volunteers. They confirmed that both compounds promoted remineralization in tooth enamel with artificially induced caries. However, neither product meaningfully outperformed fluoride toothpaste alone. In contrast to previous studies that have suggested some additional benefit, the researchers had volunteers use CPP-ACPF and f TCP directly according to manufacturer's specifications. Therefore, fluoride toothpaste may generally offer a more economical approach to treating caries.
Rehabilitation of the Severely Disabled, vol 1: Evaluation of the Disabled Living Unit
Authors: Sedgwick Mead
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The Disabled Living Unit (a rehabilitation center in American usage) was set up at Oxford in 1960 with 12 beds (later expanded to 18) plus a research cottage. Volume 1 records follow-up experience with 267 patients admitted in a two-year period (1964-1966). The study is concerned with the longitudinal social and health history of persons with catastrophic disabilities involving poliomyelitis, muscular dystrophy and atrophy, spastic hemiplegia (from various causes), severe arthritides, tetraplegia (usually from diving or vehicular accidents), multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. The test battery covered intellect and personality; impairment (14 subheadings); appliances, equipment, and aids; social and welfare services; mobility; personal care; work, hobbies, and interests; education. Volume 2 deals with an expanded period, 1964-1968, and an augmented patient group, 1,200 in number. Its approach is not comparative or statistical, as is volume 1, but is an exposition of actual techniques found successful in dealing with the physically
Effect of Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy on Glucose and Insulin Concentrations
Authors: Mark A Espeland, Patricia E Hogan, S Edwin Fineberg, George Howard, Helmutt Schrott, Myron A Waclawiw, Trudy L Bush
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To characterize the long-term impact of four hormone therapy regimens on insulin and glucose concentrations measured during a standard oral glucose tolerance test. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Intervention Study was a 3-year placebo-controlled randomized trial to assess effects of four hormone regimens on cardiovascular risk factors. This efficacy analysis describes glucose and insulin concentrations from 788 adherent women at baseline and at 1 and 3 years' postrandomization RESULTS When compared with women taking placebo, those taking conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) at 0.625 mg/day with or without a progestational agent had mean fasting insulin levels that were 16.1% lower, mean fasting glucose levels 2.2 mg/dl lower, and mean 2-h glucose levels 6.4 mg/dl higher (each nominal P &amp;lt; 0.05). No significant differences were apparent between women taking CEE only versus the three progestin regimens: medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) at 2.5 mg daily (continuous MPA), MPA at 10 mg on days 1–12 (cyclical MPA), and micronized progesterone (MP) (cyclical) at 200 mg on days 1–12. The impact of hormone therapy on insulin and glucose depended on baseline levels of fasting insulin and 1-h glucose (P &amp;lt; 0.05). However, the treatment effects on carbohydrate metabolism appeared to be consistent across participant subgroups formed by lifestyle, clinical, and demographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Oral hormone therapy involving 0.625 mg/day of CEE may modestly decrease fasting levels of insulin and glucose. Postchallenge glucose concentrations are increased, however, which may indicate delayed glucose clearance.
Federal Support of Graduate Medical Education
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The nation's teaching hospitals, which have come under increasing pressures in recent years to change their traditional ways, face a future of reduced federal support and greater private insistence that they compete in the medical marketplace on the basis of price. The pace of these trends, which have been emerging gradually, has accelerated because of the Reagan administration's proposed sharp reduction in federal support of graduate medical education, the decided squeeze that this reduction will place on state governments, and the growing reluctance of private payers to subsidize the care of people other than their own employees, particularly in high-cost . . .
Reduced oncotic necrosis in fas receptor-deficient C57BL/6J-lpr mice after bile duct ligation
Authors: Jaspreet S. Gujral, Jie Liu, Anwar Farhood, Hartmut Jaeschke
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Neutrophils aggravate cholestatic liver injury after bile duct ligation (BDL). Recently, it was suggested that hepatocellular apoptosis might be critical for liver injury in this model. To test the hypothesis that apoptosis could be a signal for neutrophil extravasation and injury, we assessed parameters of apoptosis and inflammation after BDL using 2 different approaches: (1) wild-type and Fas receptor-deficient lpr mice of the C57BL/6J or C3H/HeJ strains, and (2) treatment with the pancaspase inhibitor z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk)in C3HeB/FeJ mice. After BDL for 3 days, total cell death was estimated to be between 10% and 50% of all cells evaluated. However, less than 0.1% of hepatocytes showed apoptotic morphology in all 3 strains. Processing of procaspase-3, caspase-3 enzyme activities, and immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 18 cleavage products indicated no activation of caspases. Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed increased expression of many inflammatory mediators but no effect on proapoptotic genes. More than 50% of all accumulated neutrophils were extravasated and colocalized with foci of oncotic hepatocytes and chlorotyrosine adducts. z-VAD-fmk treatment had no effect on apoptosis or liver injury after BDL but eliminated apoptosis after galactosamine/endotoxin in C3HeB/FeJ mice. In Fas receptor-deficient lpr mice (C57BL/6J), expression of inflammatory mediators, neutrophil accumulation and extravasation, chlorotyrosine adduct formation, and liver injury were reduced. This protection was not observed in lpr mice of the endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ strain. In conclusion, liver injury (oncotic necrosis) after BDL correlated with the severity of the inflammatory response. The minimal amount of apoptosis had no effect on inflammation or on the overall injury. (Hepatology 2004;40:998-1007).
Staying the Course—With a Few Adjustments
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Diabetes Care is the most widely read clinical diabetes journal. This is due, in large part, to the vision and strategies of the previous editors: Jay S. Skyler (1978–1982, the founding editor), F. John Service (1983–1987), David C. Robbins (1988–1991), Allen L. Drash (1992–1996), and Charles M. Clark, Jr. (1997–2001). A measure of its influence is the recent adoption of a Portuguese edition of Diabetes Care by the 3,000-member Brazilian Diabetes Society as their official publication. Editions of Diabetes Care are also being published in Europe, Asia, and Ibero-America. One of the first such editions was published in Spanish.

In addition to readership, another way to assess a journal’s effect is by its “impact factor.” The impact factor is a measure of the frequency with which the “average” article in a journal has been cited in a particular year. It is calculated as the number of current citations of articles published in the journal during the previous two years divided by the number of …
NIDDM in the elderly
Authors: Graydon S Meneilly, Thomas Elliott, Daniel Tessier, Lori Hards, Hugh Tildesley
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

We conducted this study to assess the metabolic alterations in elderly patients with NIDDM.Healthy, lean (n = 15; age, 73 +/- 1 years; BMI, 23.8 +/- 0.5 kg/m2), and obese (n = 10; age, 71 +/- 1 years; BMI, 28.9 +/- 1.2 kg/m2) control subjects and lean (n = 10; age, 75 +/- 2 years; BMI, 24.0 +/- 0.5 kg/m2) and obese (n = 23; age, 73 +/- 1 years; BMI, 29.9 +/- 0.7 kg/m2) NIDDM patients underwent a 3-h glucose tolerance test, a 2-h hyperglycemic glucose clamp study, and a 3-h euglycemic glucose clamp study with tritiated glucose methodology to measure glucose production and disposal rates.Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was greater in both lean and obese NIDDM patients than in control subjects. Insulin responses during the oral glucose tolerance test were similar in obese subjects (control subjects: 417 +/- 64 pmol/l; NIDDM patients: 392 +/- 47 pmol/l) but were reduced in lean NIDDM patients (control subjects: 374 +/- 34 pmol/l; NIDDM patients: 217 +/- 20 pmol/l, P < 0.01). Lean and obese NIDDM patients had absent first-phase insulin responses during the hyperglycemic clamp. Second-phase insulin responses were reduced in lean (P < 0.01 vs. control subjects by analysis of variance) but not obese NIDDM patients. Hepatic glucose output was not increased in lean or obese NIDDM patients. Steady-state (150-180 min) glucose disposal rates were 16% less in lean NIDDM patients (control subjects: 8.93 +/- 0.37 mg.kg LBM (lean body mass)-1.min-1; NIDDM patients: 7.50 +/- 0.28 mg.kg LBM-1.min-1, P < 0.05) and 37% less in obese NIDDM patients (control subjects: 8.17 +/- 0.38 mg.kg LBM-1.min-1; NIDDM patients: 5.03 +/- 0.36 mg.kg LBM-1.min-1, P < 0.001).Lean elderly NIDDM patients have a profound impairment in glucose-induced insulin release but mild resistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal. Obese elderly NIDDM patients have adequate circulating insulin, but marked resistance to insulin-mediated glucose disposal. Hepatic glucose output is not increased in elderly NIDDM patients.
Abstract 3503: CCT241533 is a novel, potent and selective inhibitor of CHK2 and potentiates the cellular effects of PARP inhibitors
Authors: Victoria E. Anderson, Paul D. Eve, Michael I. Walton, John J. Caldwell, Laurence H. Pearl, Antony W. Oliver, Ian Collins, Michelle D. Garrett
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract CHK2 is a checkpoint kinase involved in the ATM-mediated response to double stranded DNA breaks (DSB). Detection of DSB by the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex leads to activation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, which can then phosphorylate CHK2 on threonine 68. This facilitates CHK2 to dimerisation and autophosphorylation in trans at threonine 383/387, resulting in full activation and subsequent phosphorylation in cis at serine 516, a biomarker read out of CHK2 activation. Once activated, CHK2 phosphorylates a range of targets involved in DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. It has been suggested that inhibitors of CHK2 may increase the efficacy of genotoxic cancer therapies. However, the evidence so far is inconsistent. We have therefore developed a CCT241533, a potent and selective inhibitor of CHK2, as a molecular tool and potential therapeutic agent (the structure will be disclosed in the presentation). The co-crystal structure of CCT241533 bound to the kinase domain of CHK2 confirms that the compound binds the ATP binding pocket. CCT241533 inhibits CHK2 with an IC50 of 3 nM and shows minimal inhibitory activity against a panel of known kinases at 1 μM, including CHK1 (IC50 = 245 nM). We show that CCT241533 blocks CHK2 activity in three human tumor cell lines (HT29, HeLa, MCF7) in which we have confirmed functional activation of CHK2. We also show that CCT241533 potentiates the growth inhibitory effect of two structurally distinct Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in p53 defective human cancer cells. We further demonstrate that this cellular effect correlates with inhibition of PARP inhibitor-mediated induction of CHK2 activity, as assessed by the phospho-serine 516 biomarker and CHK2 mobility shift. This adds strength to the conclusion that the potentiation between the two compounds is due to their effects on CHK2. To summarize, we have developed a potent and selective CHK2 inhibitor and show, for the first time, potentiation between CHK2 inhibition and PARP inhibition. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3503.
Apical Muscular Ventricular Septal Defects Between the Left Ventricle and the Right Ventricular Infundibulum
Authors: Krishna Kumar, James E. Lock, Tal Geva
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Effective transcatheter or surgical closure of apical muscular ventricular septal defects (VSDs) requires accurate delineation of variable and often complex anatomy. These defects have generally been considered as communications between the apexes of both left and right ventricles. Methods and Results Among 50 consecutive patients with multiple muscular VSDs referred for transcatheter device closure between October 1987 and April 1993, a subset of 10 patients (aged 7 days to 28 years) with apical muscular VSDs shared a unique set of anatomic characteristics: (1) large and often single opening in the left ventricle; (2) multiple right ventricular openings in the anterior aspect of the apical septum; and (3) separation of the right ventricular apical region into which the VSDs open from the rest of the right ventricular inflow and outflow by prominent muscle bundles. Additional analysis of the anatomy by use of echocardiography and cineangiography showed that these muscular defects were between the left ventricular apex and right ventricular infundibular apex. In 6 patients, the transcatheter devices used to create a septum in these hearts were placed in the right ventricle, straddling muscle bundles that separated the apical VSD from the rest of the right ventricular inflow and outflow, resulting in incorporation of a portion of the right ventricular infundibular apex into the physiological left ventricle. Three patients had devices placed between the apexes of the left ventricle and the infundibulum. The defect closed spontaneously within the right ventricle in 1 patient. One patient died after surgery for tetralogy of Fallot in situs inversus. The remaining 9 patients were all clinically well at the time of their most recent follow-up visit (follow-up duration, 32±11 months). This distinct type of apical VSD was identified by echocardiography in 20 of 274 patients who were followed up clinically for muscular VSDs. Conclusions Left ventricular–infundibular apical VSDs constitute a distinct morphological type of muscular VSD that can be distinguished by echocardiography and cineangiography. In selected cases, the infundibular apex can be separated from the rest of the right ventricular inflow and outflow to eliminate flow across these defects.
Real-time observation of glomerular hemodynamic changes in diabetic rats: Effects of insulin ARB
Authors: Bing Li, Jian Yao, Kazuko Kawamura, Yukiko Oyanagi-Tanaka, Mari Hoshiyama, Tetsuo Morioka, Fumitake Gejyo, Makoto Uchiyama, Takashi Oite
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Abstract 11096: Clinical Validation of High Sensitive Cardiac Troponin T in Heart Failure: Comparison with N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide and Echocardiographic Parameters
Authors: Atsushi Kusumoto, Masaaki Miyata, Takuro Kubozono, Yoshiyuki Ikeda, Takuro Shinsato, So Kuwahata, Shoji Fujita, Kunitsugu Takasaki, Toshinori Yuasa, Shuichi Hamasaki, Chuwa Tei
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Hemodynamics of Uremic Anemia
Authors: MARTIN S. NEFF, KWAN E. KIM, MICHAEL PERSOFF, GADDO ONESTI, CHARLES SWARTZ
Journal: Circulation (1971)

This study was undertaken to assess the importance of an elevated cardiac output in the generation of the hypertension associated with chronic renal failure. Forty stable uremic patients on a program of maintenance hemodialysis underwent hemodynamic studies. Cardiac index measured by dye dilution was found to be significantly elevated. Calculated peripheral vascular resistance was normal despite elevated blood pressure. Six patients underwent serial hemodynamic studies over a period of 6 to 12 weeks while being transfused with packed red blood cells to a normal hematocrit. Blood volume and body weight were constant during the study period. Cardiac index decreased during transfusion, reaching a normal level at a hematocrit of 30%. Diastolic blood pressure progressively rose, averaging an increase of 20 mm Hg at a hematocrit of 40%. Peripheral vascular resistance increased by 80% at a hematocrit of 40%. We concluded that the elevation of cardiac index in uremic patients is secondary to anemia and is reversible when the hematocrit is raised over 30%. The high cardiac index is not responsible for hypertension because restoration of cardiac index to normal by transfusion raises blood pressure rather than lowers it.
John Michael Naish
Authors: S. Naish
Journal: BMJ (2009)

John Michael Naish was born the seventh of eight children to pioneering medical parents: Lucy, one of the first women to qualify from the Royal Free in 1902, and Albert Ernest, who was a founder member of the British Paediatric Association, now a royal college, in 1928. Three of his siblings also became doctors, and his sister Alice Stewart later became world-renowned for her study that connected the x ray examination of pregnant women with childhood leukaemia.

After growing up in Sheffield and being educated at Abbotsholme School in Derbyshire, John went up to Cambridge in 1933 …
A new age in asthma research: study of chemical mediators
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Thirty-four years of research culminated early this year in both the elucidation of the structure and the in vitro synthesis of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS) by a team of scientists from Boston and Stockholm. The new information about SRS adds to a rapidly expanding body of knowledge about the natural chemicals that produce asthmatic symptoms. Many experts in this field think that these mediators lead to both allergic and nonallergic asthma, since they originate from mast cells and mast cells respond to many stimuli other than the antibody involved in allergy (IgE). Thus, this work potentially could benefit patients with a wide range of respiratory illnesses. A second molecule that has been isolated, analyzed, and synthesized in the last year and is believed to be involved in allergic reactions is platelet-activating factor (PAF). Work on SRS has overshadowed progress on PAF, partly because SRS has a longer history—40 years
Histological evolution of recurrent basal cell carcinoma and therapeutic implications for incompletely excised lesions
Authors: S. Boulinguez, C. Grison-Tabone, L. Lamant, S. Valmary, R. Viraben, J.M. Bonnetblanc, C. Bedane
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background It has been proposed that the management of incompletely excised recurrent basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) should depend on their histological appearance, and that nonaggressive recurrent BCCs may not require re-excision. Objectives To determine the histological evolution of recurrent BCCs. Methods In a 14-year retrospective study analysing histological sections of recurrent BCCs, 390 specimens from 191 patients were blindly classified by three physicians into aggressive and nonaggressive types according to Sexton's classification. Initial histological sections were available for 33 of the recurrent BCCs. Descriptive analysis was performed. Results Eight of 33 (24%) recurrent BCCs became histologically more aggressive. Four of 20 (20%) originally nonaggressive BCCs became aggressive during recurrence and four of 13 (31%) originally aggressive BCCs showed a more aggressive component during recurrence. These incompletely excised aggressive BCCs were sited in periorbital and perinasal areas and on the cheek, and were re-excised. Conclusions Management of incompletely excised nonaggressive BCCs (nodular or superficial types) is still a matter of debate. Previously reported studies have shown recurrence in < 10% of nonaggressive incompletely excised BCCs. Our study showed that rare recurrences of these initially nonaggressive BCCs showed an aggressive component in 20% of cases. These results suggest that initially nonaggressive incompletely excised BCCs do not require re-excision except if they are located in sites with a poor prognosis.