tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Menopause in Japanese Women-Reply
Authors: Johanna Perlmutter
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —This book was read through the eyes of a gynecologist who is knowledgeable about the menopause. By definition, the menopause is a distinct entity that is based on the cessation of menses. There is no question about this. Women in the United States are very vocal about their symptoms and tend to associate any malady, disorder, or complaint that they have with this stage of their life. All of these problems are not necessarily related to menopause. In contrast, women in Japan have traditionally answered questions politely and according to their assumption of what you want to hear and not what they are experiencing. Dr Lock acknowledges that in the text of her book. To get a clear picture of the specifics of what these women are experiencing is difficult. If one modifies a questionnaire to account for cultural differences, it is no longer the same instrument. Moreover,
Fundamental aspects of dose--response relationships and their extrapolation for noncarcinogenic effects of metals.
Authors: G F Nordberg, P Strangert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Fundamental differences in dose--response relationships between "stochastic" and "nonstochastic" effects of chemicals are identified and discussed. The difficulties in extrapolating into the low-dose region of dose--response curves are pointed out. In some instances of nonstochastic effects, observations concerning interindividual variability in biological half-time and threshold body burden for symptoms may be used for such extrapolation. An example based on data from the literature concerning effects of methyl-mercury on the nervous system is given. The confidence intervals of the extrapolated risk-values are computed and discussed in relation to assumptions concerning the mathematical model to be used in the extrapolation process.
Pretreatment Serum Level of Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) as a Prognostic Factor in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Endocrine Therapy
Authors: Naoto Kamiya, Koichiro Akakura, Hiroyoshi Suzuki, Shinzou Isshiki, Akira Komiya, Takeshi Ueda, Haruo Ito
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Abstract 1221: Establishment and characterization of a chemoresistant glioblastoma cell line from an Iraqi patient
Authors: Ahmed M. Al-Shammari, Ahmed A. Al-Juboory, Asmaa A. Al-Mukhtar, Amal M. Ali, Zaid A. Al-Hili, Nahi Y. Yaseen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumour in humans, and has a very poor prognosis. As it is a well known fact that environmental factors especially radiation exposure is a major risk for glioblastoma multiforme and Iraq had been exposed in a relatively short period to 2 international wars with documented radiation exposure, so this paper might give justification for establishment of a new glioblastoma cell line. This cell line has been established from a cerebral glioblastoma multiforme in a 72-year-old Iraqi man who underwent surgery for an intracranial tumour in 2005. The morphology, growth kinetics, karyotype, immunocytochemistry and angiogenesis factor expression profile of this ANGM5 cell line were studied. The cell line has been grown continuously for more than 200 serial passages in standard culture media presenting no sign of cell senescence. The cultured cells are elongated or multipolar in shape and the population doubling time is 28 hours. The karyotype is complex and the chromosomal number varied between 46 and 48. The cell line is resistant to Temozolomide, cisplatin, vincristine and etoposide. This chemoresistance could be explained by the overexpression of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) which found to be overexpressed by this cell line. Immunocytochemistry also showed that this cell line exhibited several characteristic features of glioblastomas, analysis of glial markers demonstrated that cells are positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and negative for nestin and calbindin. Protein microarray analysis showed very high production of TIMP2 as well as other factors that are important for the invasiveness and aggressiveness of glioblastoma. This glioblastoma cell line is a useful addition to the cell lines currently available for study of the pathobiology and chemoresistance properties of glioblastoma multiforme as well as for antitumour drug discovery. Citation Format: Ahmed M. Al-Shammari, Ahmed A. Al-Juboory, Asmaa A. Al-Mukhtar, Amal M. Ali, Zaid A. Al-Hili, Nahi Y. Yaseen. Establishment and characterization of a chemoresistant glioblastoma cell line from an Iraqi patient. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1221. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1221
ROENTGEN RAY TREATMENT OF LEUKEMIA.REPORT OF CASE (MYELOGENOUS TYPE) WITH APPARENT IMPROVEMENT; DEATH; AUTOPSY.
Authors: LAWRENCE C. GROSH
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In August, 1903, Senn<sup>1</sup>reported the apparent cure of a case of myelogenous leukemia under the influence of the Röntgen ray. This form of treatment was instituted after failure to better the patient's condition by the drugs usually tried in this disease and when the case appeared hopeless. The blood findings in Senn's case are not reported as fully as might be desired, but there can be little doubt that the patient's condition was markedly bettered under the influence of the treatment. This was evidenced by the diminution in volume of the spleen, together with a decrease proportionately of myelocytes in the peripheral blood and a return of the polymorphonuclear elements to nearly the normal proportion. Senn<sup>2</sup>has also reported a case of lymphatic leukemia benefited under<i>x</i>-ray treatment. This case, together with an undoubted case of pseudoleukemia, judging from the clinical and blood findings, was reported under the title,
Metallothionein-dependent up-regulation of TGF-β2 participates in the remodelling of the myxomatous mitral valve
Authors: Alexia Hulin, Christophe F. Deroanne, Charles A. Lambert, Bruno Dumont, Vincent Castronovo, Jean-Olivier Defraigne, Betty V. Nusgens, Marc A. Radermecker, Alain C. Colige
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Although an excessive extracellular matrix remodelling has been well described in myxomatous mitral valve (MMV), the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain largely unknown. Our goal was to identify dysregulated genes in human MMV and then to evaluate their functional role in the progression of the disease. Dysregulated genes were investigated by transcriptomic, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analyses of the P2 segment collected from human idiopathic MMV during valvuloplasty (n = 23) and from healthy control valves (n = 17). The most striking results showed a decreased expression of two families of genes: the metallothioneins-1 and -2 (MT1/2) and members of the ADAMTS. The mechanistic consequences of the reduced level of MT1/2 were evaluated by silencing their expression in normal valvular interstitial cells (VICs) cultures. The knock-down of MT1/2 resulted in the up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2). Most importantly, TGF-β2 was also found significantly increased in MMV tissues. The activation of VICs in vitro by TGF-β2 induced a down-regulation of ADAMTS-1 and an accumulation of versican as observed in human MMV. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that MMV are characterized by reduced levels of MT1/2 accompanied by an up-regulation of TGF-β2. In turn, increased TGF-β2 signalling induces down-regulation of aggrecanases and up-regulation of versican, two co-operating processes that potentially participate in the development of the pathology.
Rheumatic Neuritis and Neuro-Retinitis
Authors: N. C. Macnamara
Journal: BMJ (1890)

clamp open to 2 inches; put up the broken limb as usual.July 29th.Firm union in the bones; limb perfectly straight.August 8th.Fractured and straightened his right leg in the lower third in the same manner as the left.October 8th.Discharged; deformity quite cured.B. N. (a patient of Dr. Ashley Cummins), aged 2 years; right knock-knee.August 21st.Under chloroform Dr. Cum- mins fractured her right femur 2 inches above the knee- joint; the arms of the clamp were open to 3 inches; put up the limb in the usual manner in a curved long splint.October 1st.Discharged; deformity cured.E. B., aged 1 year; angular deformity of left radius and ulna, of which no satisfactory history could be given.September 9th, 1889.Fractured radius and ulna quite close to the wrist-joint, using the steel wedge; arms of clamp open to 2 inches; straightened the limb and put it up in side splints.October 10th.Bones united; limb quite straight; discharged cured. C. B
Effects of Surgical Ventricular Reconstruction and Mitral Complex Reconstruction on Cardiac Oxidative Metabolism and Efficiency in Nonischemic and Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Takashi Sugiki, Masanao Naya, Osamu Manabe, Satoru Wakasa, Suguru Kubota, Satoru Chiba, Hiroyuki Iwano, Satoshi Yamada, Keiichiro Yoshinaga, Nagara Tamaki, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Yoshiro Matsui
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Intracoronary Administration of AdvFGF-5 (Fibroblast Growth Factor-5) Ameliorates Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Prevents Myocyte Loss in Swine With Developing Collaterals and Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Petra Lynch, Te-Chung Lee, James A. Fallavollita, John M. Canty, Gen Suzuki
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Fibroblast growth factor (AdvFGF-5) improves regional function by stimulating myocyte hypertrophy without increasing myocardial perfusion in swine with hibernating myocardium. We performed the present study to determine whether AdvFGF-5 could prevent the progression of LV dysfunction in swine with ischemic cardiomyopathy.Swine were chronically instrumented with LAD and LCX stenoses to produce viable dysfunctional myocardium and studied 1 month after instrumentation in the closed-chest sedated state. Flow and regional function before and 30 days after intracoronary AdvFGF-5 (2x10(12) vp, n=9) were compared with animals receiving intracoronary AdvEGFP (2x10(12) vp, n=6). Histological analysis was performed to quantify myocyte size, myocyte nuclear density, apoptosis (TUNEL), and the frequency of myocytes in the proliferative phase of the cell cycle (Ki-67 staining). LAD wall-thickening (27+/-3 to 46+/-6%, P<0.05) and EF (39+/-4 to 56+/-3%, P<0.05) increased after AdvFGF-5. AdvFGF-5 increased maximal perfusion during adenosine vasodilation despite no differences in baseline flow or stenosis severity. After AdvFGF-5, TUNEL-positive myocytes decreased 6-fold and Ki-67 positive myocyte nuclei increased 2-fold. As a result, AdvFGF-5 produced a marked increase in myocyte nuclear density (957+/-54 to 1447+/-40 nuclei/mm2, P<0.05).These data indicate that AdvFGF-5 increases regional function and maximal perfusion distal to stenotic arteries when administered before the development of collaterals. This was associated with a reduction in myocyte apoptosis, an increase in Ki-67-positive myocytes, and an increase in myocyte number. Thus, AdvFGF-5 offers a potential therapeutic approach to prevent the progression of ischemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
Subdural Haematomata and Effusions in Infancy
Authors: G. Ormiston
Journal: BMJ (1956)

National Blood Transfusion Service needs at least 650,000 regular donors to make sure that adequate supplies of blood are available to meet the needs of the hospitals, to replace the older donors when they reach the age of 65, and to provide adequate reserves of blood plasma.Anyone who is in normal health and between the ages of 18 and 65 is welcomed at the donor sessions, which are held frequently in convenient places throughout England and Wales.
When a medical qualification is not good enough
Authors: Guy Houghton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I was born into a medical family, and I clearly recollect saying, at the age of 4, that I was going to be a doctor like my father: this predated my older sister's and brother's decisions to read medicine. My father had joined his father in general practice, and two of his brothers also became GPs. My mother, whose parents were both medically qualified, was …
Neuroanatomy of body weight control: lessons learned from leptin
Authors: Diana L. Williams, Michael W. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Rather than arising from the passive accumulation of excess calories, obesity is a state in which the biologically defended level of body fat stores increases due to defects in the homeostatic process that matches food intake and energy expenditure over time. By deleting leptin receptors from distinct brain regions and neuronal subsets, researchers are beginning to identify the neuroanatomical substrates responsible for this regulation. In this issue of the JCI, Scott et al. demonstrate that loss of leptin receptors in a subset of hindbrain neurons increases food intake in mice, but, unlike what is observed when leptin receptors are deleted from hypothalamic neurons, these mice compensate by increasing energy expenditure and hence do not become obese. Although many brain areas can regulate energy intake and/or energy expenditure, it is likely that only a small subset of neurons actively matches the two over time. It is vital to clarify how this works if we are to improve our understanding of obesity pathogenesis and options available for its treatment.
RADIUM IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOUS ADENITIS
Authors: E. S. Molyneux
Journal: BMJ (1919)

RADIUM IN TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOUS ADENITIS.[ 705 the slowing down of physiological action; while the evidence obtained by the authors in sterilizing lice out- wardly by immersion in lysol solution in connexion with trenclh fever res -arch also points in the same direction.In order to obtain further evidence on this question, which is of great importance from the point of view of the treatment of verminous heads, the following experiment was made: EXPERIMENT V.-Effect of Im:miersion in.Kerosene., t.erosene as supplied at retail shops was used at, a tempera- tu1re of 200C.(680 F.), the period of immersion being 5 minutes.0ot of the lice made active nmovements while immersed and one or two made slight movements immediately'after'removal. METHOD.i :Active Lice.A' 'etive lice were placed on "slips of flannel' shirt 'm4terial ton Which nits had been laisd>,by a number of 'females'dunring'a foei4iod of one week.14-8t B 'tch (16 adults.6 -nymuphs, 3 larvae).-Afterimmprsion the sl pIof ;lnimnel was laid for 10 lOnt.es on filte r paper to drain, then put hLd, a?l, c'-d boird briox and kept inm icubator at 80 F. No reqcover'y.'.?t',mL 0^Butc1:10 adults, 6 byns?hs, 9 larvae).-Afterimmergiou the 6iee'1se,re'removed to filterpapZir,-dried off and placed oan a fr6sli slip tf-Ilanuel in a cardboard boxaiand kept in incubator at 800 F?. When e,xomlied 18 hours later 6 were living 2 feeble and 4 nearly dead), 19. The survivors died withcut recovering full activity.. 194ird B,1¢h (7 adults. 5nympbp, 9 larvae,.-After immersion the were placed in soapy water at 820 F. th)en transferred to clean * tXr at the same tempelrttr6,-and drained off oIi filter papei, tians- ffad to; a fresh sihp 'o flannol'fn a cardboard box and-kept in i-n- oubato at 800F On exam'ination 18;hours later 2(nynphs)-ere active. 2 were feeble, 8 very feeble, and 9 dead.The survivors died within 48 hlours, but as no attempt at feeding was made it cannot be chtaJluded that-the nymphs which recovered their activity died from the after-effects of their imnmersion, though this is probable.*Nits.These received similar treatment to the active -lice, save that in.the, case, of the -secopd batch a. number of the eggs were removed from the fl&nnel to wvhich t14ey were attached, and incubated apart from the remainder, which were left attached to it.The results were as follows:First Batch (170 nits).-Nonebatched.decottd fiatch (191 nits).-101Dits were removed from the flannel; of these 82, hatched; 90 nits were left on the flannel, which was drained of' oil so'far''as possible by gentle pressure between filter pep r;, only 2 batched'.-"Thi.rdBatph:(18J nit).-Atleat 3 of these eggs developed, but the young lice died d uring the process of emergence from the egg.None of the remainder hatched.; ~~~~Cr4 cl-si-ons..ntat fatality to active lice following immersion in kerosene i du'e rather to the oil on thi `Prf&ce of the insect or the object tV which it clings obtainjnB entrance to its body:.after removal from the fluid than, during the short period of immersion.
WHO's World Health Report 2003
Authors: G. Walt
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Lattice models are workhorses of practical option pricing, especially for American options, but an important design criterion is that they need to be set up so that the interior branches recombine, otherwise, they become computationally intractable; the underlying state variable becomes path-dependent, the tree "splinters," and the number of distinct nodes goes up exponentially rather than arithmetically as the number of time steps grows. Unfortunately, we have accumulated a great deal of evidence that volatility is time varying, which is a factor that splinters the tree. In this article, Beliaeva and Nawalkha show how to get around the problem by transforming the returns process to create two uncorrelated path-independent trees for returns and variance that can be put together into a single recombining two-dimensional lattice. The procedure is general; here they illustrate its use with the popular Heston model. <b>TOPICS:</b>Options, factor-based models
Diagnosis of Hyperparathyroidism in Patients Presenting with Urinary Calculi
Authors: D. J. Oakland
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MEDIBW3:To.=lRNALThere appears to be no proved advantage in exceeding a dose of 30 mg. of prednisolone daily except for a " loading dose " in the emergencies of hypercalcaemia and cerebral and pulmonary metastases.A previous history of sex hormone insensitivity does not significantly influence response to corticoids, nor, in this series, does the age- group.Evidence is presented suggesting that the benefits of corticoid therapy may have a different mechanism from those due to sex-hormone control in breast carcinoma.Objective response to corticoids is, in general, not as prolonged nor as complete as that following adrenalectomy, but subjective benefit is noted in a considerable proportion of cases.Combination with an alkylating agent gives remarkable, although short-lived, palliation of intrathoracic metastases.Figs. 1 and 2 are reproduced from Acta; Unio internationalis
A Lecture on the History of Embryulcia
Authors: A. R. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1884)

11VA 7*frY'M1aJ iovwxIf4LPft'318A4 may be fairly called local hypertrophies-of tissue, no 'well defined line of demar ation can be-drawin.'Some of the ehronic mammary'of glandular tumours illustrfate this.'But, even it' such outgioWtha the lirst departure from norlnal type' is siown, not'only in the formntion of their substance, bit also' in the 'fact that they are not in such' close physiological relation Oith normal Structures as these are w'ith each other..The sympathy' which universally prevails between {he seve, ial structures and organs df the, body, and which is mafitiined either through the blood of by the nervous system, or in both ways, vaties in degree iamong natural structures; but between all, these anid tumours, a farl'wider divergence is found.They rise and fall -less with the ebb and flow of general life, and they are less affected by 4lhanges' in other; structures.Thus, by the most innoceht and homologous'tum6 irn,' is the first step taken 'towards-Ah independenit life;'asid,' it' 'may`b observed, that 'this independence gradually gains srength, and tbecomes more marked as we pass from "the, most innocent,' through tumourS of varying degr-ees 3f mialignancy, to the.very WC6fst iand, -as' 'we have seen, it is to the comparative independenco of Wtir life, that the most deadly of their attributes belog.And while ttmour-s of the most innocent type touh,-and, indeed, ass'into nXtral -strudtures, the most malignant touch, if they do not actually paiginto, the class of parasites:.P}rasites are living forms, having, toiP'idi rarious degrees, a pbower of independent life.For the most part, they can flourish only inthe living body; sand while there, they too are within the pale of the laws of its natural life;b*ut, 'within thiis, they have an individual life, more independent of that of the boAy in which they live than tumours possess and, moreover, they tin, for a longer period, mnaintain life altogether apart from the body t are prone to infest."They can maintain a separate life in some otfits lower grades; but they can-exhibit theiriful vital endowments only in the body to which they belong.Now at present it must be
Induction of EMT by Twist Proteins as a Collateral Effect of Tumor-Promoting Inactivation of Premature Senescence
Authors: Stéphane Ansieau, Jeremy Bastid, Agnès Doreau, Anne-Pierre Morel, Benjamin P. Bouchet, Clémence Thomas, Frédérique Fauvet, Isabelle Puisieux, Claudio Doglioni, Sara Piccinin, Roberta Maestro, Thibault Voeltzel, Abdelkader Selmi, Sandrine Valsesia-Wittmann, Claude Caron de Fromentel, Alain Puisieux
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)
The search for safer cigarettes.
Authors: T. Higenbottam
Journal: BMJ (1989)

taken a more proactive stance."2Given that most knowledge comes "in dribs and drabs," why should information not be given out in this way: or should the department always wait until each issue is completely clarified?I often mix my metaphors, but not I hope to the level of a "proactive stance."But if, as I believe, the committee was harsh in its criticism, it was soon outpaced by the media.The political correspondent of Today began his article on 30 June with the sentence, "Twenty six babies died because bungling health chiefs delayed a warning over deadly listeria for two years."One would scarcely suspect from that statement that listeria is commonly found in food, that many of us are carriers, and that there is much still to be learnt about the problems posed by this organism.
Prior to paradigm integration, the task is to resolve construct definitions of gF and WM
Authors: Damian P. Birney, David B. Bowman, Gerry Pallier
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Blair's account, like the intelligence field in general, treats many distinct constructs as if they were practically interchangeable – this is not self-evident. Paradigm integration and rationalization of redundant nomenclature are important for the continued development of understanding. The prior task is to demonstrate where synonymity of constructs across paradigms occurs, and where it fails. We present arguments why this is the case.
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Activate Lymphoid-Specific Genetic Programs Irrespective of Their Cellular Origin
Authors: Hirokazu Shigematsu, Boris Reizis, Hiromi Iwasaki, Shin-ichi Mizuno, Dan Hu, David Traver, Philip Leder, Nobuo Sakaguchi, Koichi Akashi
Journal: Immunity (2004)