tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessing the assessments: U.K. dermatology trainees’ views of the workplace assessment tools
Authors: S.N. Cohen, P.B.J. Farrant, S.M. Taibjee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

The workplace assessments, direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS), mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) and multisource feedback (MSF, formerly known as 360 degrees appraisal), are now mandatory during dermatology specialist training in the U.K. The opinions of those undergoing such assessments in any medical specialty have rarely been sought.To collate the experience and views of U.K. dermatology trainees on the three workplace assessments.A questionnaire was circulated in autumn 2006 to all U.K. dermatology specialist registrars (SpRs) registered as members of the British Association of Dermatologists (n = 269).A total of 138 responses were received (51%). Seventeen SpRs had not experienced any of the assessments; 92 had undergone MSF, 95 DOPS and 54 mini-CEX. The total experience of the respondents amounted to a minimum of 251 DOPS, 122 MSF and 142 mini-CEX. Trainees appreciated the formative aspects of the assessments, especially feedback and training opportunities, although not all trainees reported receiving useful feedback. MSF was praised for the insights that it provides. All of the assessments were found to be time-consuming and difficult to organize. DOPS and mini-CEX carried a degree of stress and artificiality. Concerns were raised over the possibility of victimization by MSF raters. Discussion of performance in the assessments was rarely prominent in trainees' annual summative reviews.Trainees appreciate the formative benefits which derive from the assessments, namely feedback, reassurance of satisfactory performance and, in the case of DOPS and mini-CEX, additional one-to-one training from consultants. Some problems came to light. The issues raised will not be unique to dermatology and other specialties should take note.
Gastric Ulcer in Hiatal Hernia
Authors: Seymour Fiske Ochsner
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In a study of 1,212 hiatal hernias, gastric ulcer was identified in the herniated segment of the stomach in 15 patients. This complication is a serious one that should be looked for in every patient with a hiatal hernia. Adequate radiologic examination is important. This includes careful fluoroscopic study with the patient in erect and supine positions, and multiple radiographs of the herniated segment in barium-filled and air-contrast phases. Cooperative effort with an endoscopist is helpful in diagnosis. Treatment requires judicious therapy, repair of the hiatal hernia, and surgical excision.
Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis: Etiology and Clinical Course
Authors: G Gitnick
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1984)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
The effect of diminished osteogenic signals on reduced osteoporosis recovery in aged mice and the potential therapeutic use of adipose-derived stem cells
Authors: Hen-Yu Liu, Jeng-Fong Chiou, Alexander T.H. Wu, Ching-Yu Tsai, Jyh-Der Leu, Lai-Lei Ting, Ming-Fu Wang, Hsuan-Yu Chen, Che-Tong Lin, David F. Williams, Win-Ping Deng
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Association between tumour necrosis factor- inhibitors and risk of serious infections in people with inflammatory bowel disease: nationwide Danish cohort study
Authors: N. Nyboe Andersen, B. Pasternak, N. Friis-Moller, M. Andersson, T. Jess
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate whether people with inflammatory bowel disease treated with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors are at increased risk of serious infections. <b>Design</b> Nationwide register based propensity score matched cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Denmark, 2002-12. <b>Participants</b> The background cohort eligible for matching comprised 52 392 people with inflammatory bowel disease, aged 15 to 75 years, of whom 4300 were treated with TNF-α inhibitors. To limit confounding, a two stage matching method was applied; firstly matching on age, sex, disease duration, and inflammatory bowel disease subtype, and secondly matching on propensity scores (1:1 ratio); this yielded 1543 people treated with TNF-α inhibitors and 1543 untreated to be included in the analyses. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The main outcome was any serious infection, defined as a diagnosis of infection associated with hospital admission. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for two risk periods (90 and 365 days after the start of TNF-α inhibitor treatment). Hazard ratios of site specific serious infections were obtained solely for the 365 days risk period. <b>Results</b> Within the 90 days risk period, 51 cases of infection were observed in users of TNF-α inhibitors (incidence rate 14/100 person years), compared with 33 cases in non-users (9/100 person years), yielding a hazard ratio of 1.63 (95% confidence interval 1.01 to 2.63). Within the risk period of 365 days, the hazard ratio was 1.27 (0.92 to 1.75). In analyses of site specific infections, the hazard ratio was above 2 for several of the subgroups but only reached statistical significance for skin and soft tissue infections (2.51, 1.23 to 5.12). <b>Conclusions</b> This nationwide propensity score matched cohort study suggests an increased risk of serious infections associated with use of TNF-α inhibitors within the first 90 days of starting treatment and a subsequent decline in risk. This calls for increased clinical awareness of potential infectious complications among people with inflammatory bowel disease using these drugs, especially early in the course of treatment.
Influence of Deformability of Human Red Cells upon Blood Viscosity
Authors: HOLGER SCHMID-SCHöNBEIN, ROE WELLS, JERRY GOLDSTONE
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

The viscosity of blood at high rates of shear is unusually low compared to other suspensions of similar concentration. The underlying mechanisms were studied by rotational viscometry, red cell filtration, viscometry of packed cells and direct microscopic observation of red cells under flow in a transparent cone plate viscometer. Deformability of red cells was altered osmotically or abolished by aldehyde fixation. The normal red cells under isosmotic conditions passed easily through filter pores (5 to 14 µ diameter). After osmotic crenation, deformability of cells in pore flow was reduced. Normal cells were deformed into a variety of shapes at high rates of shear, while crenated cells tumbled undeformed. Suspensions of these normal cells showed more pronounced shear thinning (reduction of viscosity with increasing shear rate) than suspensions of crenated cells. Suspensions of rigid cells showed greatly increased viscosity and a shear thickening as a function of shear rate and shear time. The physiological deformability is of critical importance to blood flow at high rates of shear. This is possible through a fluid transition of the erythrocyte caused by a rotation of the membrane with and around the cell contents. This phenomenon is the prime cause of the progressive reduction in viscosity with increasing shear.
Cellular and Mitochondrial Dual‐Targeted Organic Dots with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics for Image‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Guangxue Feng, Wei Qin, Qinglian Hu, Ben Zhong Tang, Bin Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Targeted delivery of drugs toward mitochondria of specific cancer cells dramatically improves therapy efficiencies especially for photodynamic therapy (PDT), as reactive oxygen species (ROS) are short in lifetime and small in radius of action. Different from chemical modification, nanotechnology has been serving as a simple and nonchemical approach to deliver drugs to cells of interest or specific organelles, such as mitochondria, but there have been limited examples of dual‐targeted delivery for both cells and mitochondria. Here, cellular and mitochondrial dual‐targeted organic dots for image‐guided PDT are reported based on a fluorogen with aggregation‐induced emission (AIEgen) characteristics. The AIEgen possesses enhanced red fluorescence and efficient ROS production in aggregated states. The AIE dot surfaces are functionalized with folate and triphenylphosphine, which can selectively internalize into folate‐receptor (FR) positive cancer cells, and subsequently accumulate at mitochondria. The direct ROS generation at mitochondria sites is found to depolarize mitochondrial membrane, affect cell migration, and lead to cell apoptosis and death with enhanced PDT effects as compared to ROS generated randomly in cytoplasm. This report demonstrates a simple and general nanocarrier approach for cellular and mitochondrial dual‐targeted PDT, which opens new opportunities for dual‐targeted delivery and therapy.
Long-term follow-up of a randomized trial comparing the combination of cyclophosphamide with total body irradiation or busulfan as conditioning regimen for patients receiving HLA-identical marrow grafts for acute myeloblastic leukemia in first complete remission
Authors: Didier Blaise, Dominique Maraninchi, Mauricette Michallet, Josy Reiffers, Jean Pierre Jouet, Noël Milpied, Agnes Devergie, Michel Attal, Jean Jacques Sotto, Mathieu Kuentz, Norbert Ifrah, Charles Dauriac, Pierre Bordigoni, Nicole Gratecos, François Guilhot, Denis Guyotat, Eliane Gluckman, Jean Paul Vernant
Journal: Blood (2001)
Effects of dietary fibers on weight gain, carbohydrate metabolism, and gastric ghrelin gene expression in mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Zhong Q. Wang, Aamir R. Zuberi, Xian H. Zhang, Jacalyn Macgowan, Jianhua Qin, Xin Ye, Leslie Son, Qinglin Wu, Kun Lian, William T. Cefalu
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Whole-transcriptome analysis of endothelial to hematopoietic stem cell transition reveals a requirement for Gpr56 in HSC generation
Authors: Parham Solaimani Kartalaei, Tomoko Yamada-Inagawa, Chris S. Vink, Emma de Pater, Reinier van der Linden, Jonathon Marks-Bluth, Anthon van der Sloot, Mirjam van den Hout, Tomomasa Yokomizo, M. Lucila van Schaick-Solernó, Ruud Delwel, John E. Pimanda, Wilfred F.J. van IJcken, Elaine Dzierzak
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are generated via a natural transdifferentiation process known as endothelial to hematopoietic cell transition (EHT). Because of small numbers of embryonal arterial cells undergoing EHT and the paucity of markers to enrich for hemogenic endothelial cells (ECs [HECs]), the genetic program driving HSC emergence is largely unknown. Here, we use a highly sensitive RNAseq method to examine the whole transcriptome of small numbers of enriched aortic HSCs, HECs, and ECs. Gpr56, a G-coupled protein receptor, is one of the most highly up-regulated of the 530 differentially expressed genes. Also, highly up-regulated are hematopoietic transcription factors, including the “heptad” complex of factors. We show that Gpr56 (mouse and human) is a target of the heptad complex and is required for hematopoietic cluster formation during EHT. Our results identify the processes and regulators involved in EHT and reveal the surprising requirement for Gpr56 in generating the first HSCs.
Making Healthy Choices Easier: Regulation versus Nudging
Authors: Pelle Guldborg Hansen, Laurits Rohden Skov, Katrine Lund Skov
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2015)

In recent years, the nudge approach to behavior change has emerged from the behavioral sciences to challenge the traditional use of regulation in public health strategies to address modifiable individual-level behaviors related to the rise of noncommunicable diseases and their treatment. However, integration and testing of the nudge approach as part of more comprehensive public health strategies aimed at making healthy choices easier are being threatened by inadequate understandings of its scientific character, its relationship with regulation, and its ethical implications. This article reviews this character and its ethical implication with a special emphasis on the compatibility of nudging with traditional regulation, special domains of experience, and the need for a more nuanced approach to the ethical debate. The aim is to advance readers' understanding and give guidance to those who have considered working with or incorporating the nudge approach into programs or policies aimed at making healthful choices easier.
Standing Committee on Epidemiology and Health Services Research
Authors: S van der Linden
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Report to the General Assembly in Prague, June 2001

At the last EULAR congress in Nice this standing committee held an educational symposium on “Clinical Epidemiology in Practice”. This initiative was very well received and highly appreciated by the participants. Therefore, the committee organised a similar symposium at this congress.

The …
Autosomal Recessive Bestrophinopathy
Authors: Camiel J.F. Boon, L. Ingeborgh van den Born, Linda Visser, Jan E.E. Keunen, Arthur A.B. Bergen, Judith C. Booij, Frans C. Riemslag, Ralph J. Florijn, Mary J. van Schooneveld
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Membrane protein lesions in erythrocytes with Heinz bodies.
Authors: O S Platt, J F Falcone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

We studied Heinz body-containing erythrocytes with three different unstable hemoglobins: Nottingham, Brockton, and unclassified. We demonstrated two classes of membrane protein defects in unstable hemoglobin-containing cells (UH-RBCs), a defect of the spectrin-depleted inside-out vesicle (UH-IOV), and a defect of spectrin (UH-spectrin) itself. The composition of UH-IOVs is the same as control with respect to quantity of ankyrin and proportion inside-out. However, UH-IOVs bind even less spectrin than IOVs derived from sickle erythrocytes (SS-IOVs), suggesting a severe functional defect in the ankyrin of UH-RBCs (UH-ankyrin). Further evidence that UH-ankyrin is abnormal is demonstrated by the virtual absence of ankyrin in isotonic membrane shells of UH-RBCs (UH-shells), and abnormal mobility and decreased binding of the 72-kD (spectrin-binding) alpha-chymotryptic fragment of UH-ankyrin (UH-72-kD) to control spectrin. All UH-RBC membranes were spectrin-deficient (60% of control). In addition, spectrin isolated from UH-RBCs (UH-spectrin) was abnormal in two respects: (a) presence of a fast-moving band on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels of both 0 degree C and 37 degrees C extracts, and (b) decreased binding to actin in the presence of protein 4.1. UH-spectrin did exhibit normal self-association, binding to IOVs and binding to actin in the absence of protein 4.1. This pattern of normal and abnormal spectrin functions has been described for spectrin subjected to mild diamide oxidation, suggesting the role of oxidation is the pathogenesis of membrane defect(s) of erythrocytes with abnormal hemoglobins.
Neonatal Outcome in Planned v Unplanned Out-of-Hospital Births in Kentucky
Authors: M. Ward Hinds
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We conducted a survey of 1,064 out-of-hospital Kentucky births during 1981 to 1983 in order to classify each by planning status (planned or unplanned to occur out of hospital) and attendant. Among the 809 births for which we obtained information, 575 (71.1%) were planned. We examined birth outcome by low birth weight (LBW) and neonatal mortality (NM). Compared with planned births, unplanned births were associated with increased risk of LBW (odds ratio = 6.6; 95% confidence limits [CL], 3.9 to 11.2, adjusted for maternal age). Furthermore, after adjusting for maternal age and parity, LBW births occurred at less than expected frequency among planned births (observed to expected [O:E] ratio = 0.48; 95% CL, 0.29 to 0.73), but at greater than expected frequency among unplanned births (O:E ratio = 2.9; 95% CL, 2.2 to 3.8). A similar, but nonsignificant, trend was seen for NM and NM was much greater in the unplanned group (72.7 per 1,000 live births) than in the planned group (3.5 per 1,000).
The multicomponent nature of difficult asthma
Authors: Bernard Dyke, Tasneem Rahman, Vijay Joshi, Veeresh Patil, Christine Townshend, Ramesh Kurukulaaratchy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Difficult Asthma poses significant management challenges. Better clinical understanding of the nature of this state could facilitate better care.   Aim:  To aid understanding of Difficult Asthma, we characterised patients in our Adult Difficult Asthma Clinic.   Methods:  Retrospective data for all patients seen during a calendar year were collated including demographic factors, comorbidities, asthma severity (BTS steps), and spirometry.   Results:  The clinic saw 185 patients (mean age 48.2 years), who were mainly female (66.1%). Most were atopic (73.2%) with mean total IgE of 769.8. Mean FEV 1  was 2.16 (68.5%) and FEV 1 /FVC 68.9%. Most patients were at Step 4 BTS management (57.9%), with equal proportions at Steps 5 (21.3%) and 3 (19.1%). One fifth were on maintenance prednisolone, 2.7% on oral steroid sparing agents, 4.9% on antifungal therapy and 11.0% on Omalizumab. Asthma hospital admission occurred in 25%. Comorbidities included rhinitis (80.7%), GORD (58.5%), obesity (43.2%), dysfunctional breathing (41.5%), salicylate sensitivity (32.6%), and psychological comorbidity (20.8%). Coexistent COPD was noted in 13.3% and bronchiectasis in 10.5%. Current smoking was present in 13.3%. Comorbidities were usually addressed by appropriate pharmacotherapy or behavioural therapy.   Conclusion:  Our Difficult Asthma population had high treatment needs but most patients were managed without need for Step 5 BTS therapy or Omalizumab and avoided hospitalisation. Our data suggest a multicomponent nature to Difficult Asthma with high prevalence of aggravating comorbidities that merit attention alongside asthma therapy. Addressing such comorbidity may offer avenues to improve the “difficult breathing syndrome” experienced by these patients.
Short-course zidovudine for perinatal HIV-1 transmission in Bangkok, Thailand: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nathan Shaffer, Rutt Chuachoowong, Philip A Mock, Chaiporn Bhadrakom, Wimol Siriwasin, Nancy L Young, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Sanay Chearskul, Anuvat Roongpisuthipong, Pratharn Chinayon, John Karon, Timothy D Mastro, RJ Simonds
Journal: The Lancet (1999)
Association Between Aneurysm Shoulder Stress and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion
Authors: Zhi-Yong Li, Umar Sadat, Jean U-King-Im, Tjun Y. Tang, David J. Bowden, Paul D. Hayes, Jonathan H. Gillard
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Aneurysm expansion rate is an important indicator of the potential risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture. Stress within the AAA wall is also thought to be a trigger for its rupture. However, the association between aneurysm wall stresses and expansion of AAA is unclear.Forty-four patients with AAAs were included in this longitudinal follow-up study. They were assessed by serial abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography scans if a critical size was reached or a rapid expansion occurred. Patient-specific 3-dimensional AAA geometries were reconstructed from the follow-up computed tomography images. Structural analysis was performed to calculate the wall stresses of the AAA models at both baseline and final visit. A nonlinear large-strain finite element method was used to compute the wall-stress distribution. The relationship between wall stresses and expansion rate was investigated. Slowly and rapidly expanding aneurysms had comparable baseline maximum diameters (median, 4.35 cm [interquartile range, 4.12 to 5.0 cm] versus 4.6 cm [interquartile range, 4.2 to 5.0 cm]; P=0.32). Rapidly expanding AAAs had significantly higher shoulder stresses than slowly expanding AAAs (median, 300 kPa [interquartile range, 280 to 320 kPa] versus 225 kPa [interquartile range, 211 to 249 kPa]; P=0.0001). A good correlation between shoulder stress at baseline and expansion rate was found (r=0.71; P=0.0001).A higher shoulder stress was found to have an association with a rapidly expanding AAA. Therefore, it may be useful for estimating the expansion of AAAs and improve risk stratification of patients with AAAs.
Rheumatoid factor, but not anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, is modulated by infliximab treatment in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: L De Rycke
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objectives:</b> To analyse the effect of infliximab on IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies, and determine whether baseline autoantibody titres (IgM RF and anti-CCP antibodies) are associated with changes in acute phase reactants. <b>Patients and methods:</b> 62 patients with refractory RA were treated with infliximab combined with methotrexate. At baseline and week 30, serum samples were tested for IgM RF by two agglutination assays, and for anti-CCP antibodies by an ELISA. Percentage change in C reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was calculated. <b>Results:</b> At baseline and week 30 RF titres were reduced significantly during infliximab treatment (p&lt;0.001 and p = 0.038, respectively), whereas anti-CCP antibodies were unchanged (p = 0.240). Baseline IgM RF titres, but not anti-CCP antibodies, correlated inversely with changes in CRP and ESR during treatment. Patients with a marked decrease in acute phase reactants had lower IgM RF titres than those with a smaller decrease in CRP and ESR; no significant differences were found for anti-CCP antibodies. <b>Conclusion:</b> The differential effect of infliximab treatment on IgM RF and anti-CCP antibodies, and the different predictive value on changes in acute phase reactants during infliximab treatment support the existing evidence that RF and anti-CCP antibodies are independent autoantibody systems in RA.
How MIKC* MADS-Box Genes Originated and Evidence for Their Conserved Function Throughout the Evolution of Vascular Plant Gametophytes
Authors: M. Kwantes, D. Liebsch, W. Verelst
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Land plants have a remarkable life cycle that alternates between a diploid sporophytic and a haploid gametophytic generation, both of which are multicellular and changed drastically during evolution. Classical MIKC MADS-domain (MIKCC) transcription factors are famous for their role in sporophytic development and are considered crucial for its evolution. About the regulation of gametophyte development, in contrast, little is known. Recent evidence indicated that the closely related MIKC* MADS-domain proteins are important for the functioning of the Arabidopsis thaliana male gametophyte (pollen). Furthermore, also in bryophytes, several MIKC* genes are expressed in the haploid generation. Therefore, that MIKC* genes have a similar role in the evolution of the gametophytic phase as MIKCC genes have in the sporophyte is a tempting hypothesis. To get a comprehensive view of the involvement of MIKC* genes in gametophyte evolution, we isolated them from a broad variety of vascular plants, including the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii, the fern Ceratopteris richardii, and representatives of several flowering plant lineages. Phylogenetic analysis revealed an extraordinary conservation not found in MIKCC genes. Moreover, expression and interaction studies suggest that a conserved and characteristic network operates in the gametophytes of all tested model organisms. Additionally, we found that MIKC* genes probably evolved from an ancestral MIKCC-like gene by a duplication in the Keratin-like region. We propose that this event facilitated the independent evolution of MIKC* and MIKCC protein networks and argue that whereas MIKCC genes diversified and attained new functions, MIKC* genes retained a conserved role in the gametophyte during land plant evolution.