tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of chronic graft-versus-host disease after transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells versus bone marrow in allogeneic recipients: long-term follow-up of a randomized trial
Authors: Mary E. D. Flowers, Pablo M. Parker, Laura J. Johnston, Alice V. B. Matos, Barry Storer, William I. Bensinger, Rainer Storb, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Stephen J. Forman, Karl G. Blume, Paul J. Martin
Journal: Blood (2002)
Mutiny in the cholera centre
Authors: C. M De Wind
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The first cases of severe watery diarrhoea arrived in Burao Hospital in Somaliland at the beginning of May 1994. On the eighth day the team of Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF) helped the local health authorities to move 27 inpatients to an empty school nearby. This was the start of a cholera epidemic where the political problems we encountered posed more problems than the disease itself.

The school, with its separate wards for intravenous and oral rehydration was like a five star cholera hotel, although the patients preferred to lie outside in the spacious gardens where trees provided shade and served as drip stands. Male hospital nurses, all with experience of previous epidemics, ran the cholera treatment centre helped by enthusiastic Red Crescent volunteers. MSF's expatriate doctor, nurse, and logistician, and our local Somali staff also helped. The police posted 20 guards at the gate. Machine guns in hand, they saw to it that everybody going in and out stepped through the chlorine footbath. A total of 842 patients were treated, with a mortality of about 1%. These statistics came under severe criticism from our headquarters in Amsterdam, however, because the …
MONITORING SECRETORY MEMBRANE WITH FM1-43 FLUORESCENCE
Authors: Amanda J. Cochilla, Joseph K. Angleson, William J. Betz
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1999)

▪ Abstract FM1-43 and similar styryl dyes have proven useful as probes for membrane trafficking because they reversibly stain membranes, are impermeable to membranes, and are more fluorescent when bound to membranes than when in solution. Because these dyes stain membranes in an activity-dependent manner, they are ideal for studies of neurotransmitter release mechanisms such as synaptic vesicle recycling, exocytosis, and endocytosis. FM dyes have been used in conjunction with other techniques such as fluorescent calcium indicator dyes and electrophysiological techniques to elucidate mechanisms of presynaptic calcium homeostasis and modulation of neurotransmitter release. Presynaptic membranes have been marked by FM dyes in studies of synaptogenesis and reinnervation. As a probe for endocytosed membranes, these dyes have been used to examine vacuole formation in yeast. These versatile membrane dyes are useful in a variety of applications.
Distribution of Marker Enzymes and Mucin in Intestinal Metaplasia in Human Stomach and Relation of Complete and Incomplete Types of Intestinal Metaplasia to Minute Gastric Carcinomas&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: N Matsukura, K Suzuki, T Kawachi, M Aoyagi, T Sugimura, H Kitaoka, H Numajiri, A Shirota, M Itabashi, T Hirota
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Intestinal metaplasia of the human stomach was classified into two types, complete and incomplete. The complete type was associated with the intestinal marker enzymes sucrose alpha-D-glucohydrolase, alpha, alpha-trehalase, aminopeptidase (microsomal) (APM), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Tissue of this type contained goblet cells and Paneth's cells but not high-iron diamine (HID)-positive mucin staining with HID-Alcian blue. The incomplete type of intestinal metaplasia was associated with sucrose alpha-D-glucohydrolase, APM, goblet cells, and HID-positive mucin but not with alpha, alpha-trehalase, ALP, or Paneth's cells. For the examination of the distribution of the complete and incomplete types in 84, 27, and 16 resected specimens of human stomach with gastric carcinoma, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer, respectively, disaccharidases were located with Tes-Tape. Specimens with intestinal metaplasia were divided into three classes: complete type only (class I), incomplete type only (class II), and a mixture of areas of the complete and incomplete types (class III). Of the 84 specimens from patients with gastric carcinoma, intestinal metaplasia was found in 76 (01%), and the percentages of specimens of classes I, II, and III were 32, 22, and 46, respectively. In these specimens, the percent incidence of class I increased and that of class II decreased with age. Of the 27 specimens from patients with gastric ulcer, 16 (59%) shopwed intestinal metaplasia and 10 of the 16 (63%) specimens were of class II. Of the 16 specimens from patients with duodenal ulcer, only 3 (19%) specimens showed intestinal metaplasia and all of them were of class II. The relationships of the complete and incomplete types of intestinal metaplasia to gastric carcinoma wre studied in 26 foci of minute carcinoma of the stomach less than 5 mm in largest diameter. Nineteen of 20 (05%) foci of the intestinal type of minute carcinoma were surrounded by intestinal metaplasia and 16 foci (80%) were surrounded by the incomplete type of intestinal metaplasia.
Social network size and social participation amongst community dwelling patients with COPD: A mixed methods study
Authors: Christopher Barton, Tanja Effing, Paul Cafarella, Jeffrey Fuller, Peter Frith
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction : Little is known about the social networks of people with COPD. The aim of this study was to provide preliminary information about social network size and characteristics of social relationships amongst a small group of patients with COPD.  Methods : Six males and four females wait listed for pulmonary rehabilitation in South Australia participated. Severity of dyspnoea ranged from mMRC category 2 to 4. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected on 2 occasions in participants’ homes. Two short (approx. 30 minute) qualitative interviews about experiences living with COPD and impact on social relationships were conducted, then, building on this discussion an ego-centric social network map was constructed. Information about social support (given and received) was collected as well as quality of life and fatigue, psychological distress, network type and socio-demographic characteristics.  Results : Network size ranged from 3 to 55 members (Median=13.5). A local self-contained network type was most common (n=4) and all but 1 participant reported 9often9 or 9sometimes9 receiving social support from within their network. All participants identified significant physical and/or psychological barriers to engaging in social relationships. Participants described 9determination, adaptation, support (from a partner or close friend), and routine9 as reasons for continued participation in social activities and relationships despite these barriers.  Conclusion : Participants identified more than just physical barriers to social participation, but also described useful strategies to maintain and engage with their social network.
Prognostic Role of HuR in Hereditary Breast Cancer
Authors: Mira Heinonen, Rainer Fagerholm, Kirsimari Aaltonen, Outi Kilpivaara, Kristiina Aittomäki, Carl Blomqvist, Päivi Heikkilä, Caj Haglund, Heli Nevanlinna, Ari Ristimäki
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: HuR is an mRNA-binding protein that enhances the stability of certain transcripts and can regulate their translation. Elevated cytoplasmic expression of HuR protein has been linked to carcinogenesis and is associated with reduced survival in breast, ovarian, and gastric adenocarcinomas. Experimental Design: Here, we have explored the relevance of HuR in familial breast cancer. Tumor samples were collected from patients with identified BRCA1 (n = 51) or BRCA2 (n = 47) mutations or familial non-BRCA1/2 cases (n = 525), and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Among familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer patients, cytoplasmic HuR protein expression was present in 39.4% of the cases and was associated with estrogen receptor negativity, progesterone receptor negativity, p53 positivity, high tumor grade, and ductal type of the tumor. In multivariate analysis, cytoplasmic HuR expression was an independent marker of reduced survival in the non-BRCA1/2 group along with tumor size &amp;gt;2 cm, lymph node metastasis, and high histologic grade. In patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, cytoplasmic HuR expression was more frequent (62.7% for BRCA1 and 61.7% for BRCA2) than in the non-BRCA1/2 group, but in BRCA-mutated subgroups cytoplasmic HuR expression did not associate with survival. Conclusions: Our results show that HuR is an important prognostic factor in familial breast cancer patients and may contribute to carcinogenesis in this disease.
The coming of age of galectins as immunomodulatory agents: impact of these carbohydrate binding proteins in T cell physiology and chronic inflammatory disorders
Authors: J M Ilarregui
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Immune cell homoeostasis is attributed to multiple distinct safety valves that are interconnected and intervene at defined checkpoints of the life cycle of immunocytes to guarantee clonal expansion and functional inactivation of self-reactive potentially autoaggressive lymphocytes. Galectins, animal lectins defined by shared consensus amino acid sequence and affinity for β-galactose containing oligosaccharides, are found on various cells of the immune system, and their expression is associated with the differentiation and activation status of these cells. Over the past few years, galectins have been implicated in the regulation of many aspects of T cell physiology such as cell activation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition, a growing body of experimental evidence indicates that galectins may play critical roles in the modulation of chronic inflammatory disorders, autoimmunity, and cancer. Given the increased interest of immunologists in this field, the growing body of information raised during the past few years and the potential use of galectins as novel anti-inflammatory agents or targets for immunosuppressive drugs, we will summarise recent advances on the role of galectins in different aspects of T cell physiology and their impact in the development and/or resolution of chronic inflammatory disorders, autoimmunity, and cancer.
An Exploratory Study Into the Effectiveness of a Combination of Traditional Chinese Herbs in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mechele Collins, James R. McFarlane
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

While a range of drugs are used to ameliorate the effects of type 2 diabetes and its complications, they tend to slow rather than stop the progression of the disease (1). Many herbs have been used traditionally by different cultures in the management of type 2 diabetes (2); however, in general there is little scientific evidence to support their efficacy. The aim of this project was to conduct a small-scale trial to examine the effects of a commercial combination of Trichosanthes kirilowii, Polygonatum sibiricum, Dioscorea oppostia, Panax ginseng, and Stevia rebaudiona and chromium nicotinamide (Glucostat; Health World Limited, …
Could we take lime, purple, orange, and teal as unique hues?
Authors: Justin Broackes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Saunders and van Brakel question whether the special status of red, green, yellow, and blue in our perceptual organization is anything more than a shadow cast by the English language. I suggest that it is more than this. We can hardly imagine treating lime, purple, orange, and teal as unique hues, and the reason does not lie in special training. To settle the issue, I suggest some lines for psychological experiment and anthropological investigation.
Association of CD209L tandem repeats polymorphism with susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection, disease progression, and treatment outcomes: a Moroccan cohort study
Authors: N. Fayssel, R. Bensghir, A. Ouladlahsen, H. Abdelghaffar, M. Sodqi, K. Lahlou, S. Benjelloun, K. Marhoum El Filali, S. Ezzikouri, L. Wakrim
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Pioglitazone for patients with type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Janet King, Kris V. Kowdley
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Background No pharmacologic therapy has conclusively proved to be effective for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which is characterized by insulin resistance, steatosis, and necroinflammation with or without centrilobular fibrosis. Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that ameliorates insulin resistance and improves glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Deficiency Accelerates Formation of Arterial Thrombosis Through Oxidative Damage to the Endothelium, Which Is Rescued by Inhaled Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Andrea L. True, Michelle Olive, Manfred Boehm, Hong San, Randal J. Westrick, Nalini Raghavachari, Xiuli Xu, Edward G. Lynn, Michael N. Sack, Peter J. Munson, Mark T. Gladwin, Elizabeth G. Nabel
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 (encoded by Hmox1) catalyzes the oxidative degradation of heme to biliverdin and carbon monoxide. HO-1 is induced during inflammation and oxidative stress to protect tissues from oxidative damage. Because intravascular thrombosis forms at sites of tissue inflammation, we hypothesized that HO-1 protects against arterial thrombosis during oxidant stress. To investigate the direct function of HO-1 on thrombosis, we used photochemical-induced vascular injury in Hmox1-/- and Hmox1+/+ mice. Hmox1-/- mice developed accelerated, occlusive arterial thrombus compared with Hmox1+/+ mice, and we detected several mechanisms accounting for this antithrombotic effect. First, endothelial cells in Hmox1-/- arteries were more susceptible to apoptosis and denudation, leading to platelet-rich microthrombi in the subendothelium. Second, tissue factor, von Willebrand Factor, and reactive oxygen species were significantly elevated in Hmox1-/- mice, consistent with endothelial cell damage and loss. Third, following transplantation of Hmox1-/- donor bone marrow into Hmox1+/+ recipients and subsequent vascular injury, we observed rapid arterial thrombosis compared with Hmox1+/+ mice receiving Hmox1+/+ bone marrow. Fourth, inhaled carbon monoxide and biliverdin administration rescued the prothrombotic phenotype in Hmox1-/- mice. Fifth, using a transcriptional analysis of arterial tissue, we found that HO-1 determined a transcriptional response to injury, with specific effects on cell cycle regulation, coagulation, thrombosis, and redox homeostasis. These data provide direct genetic evidence for a protective role of HO-1 against thrombosis and reactive oxygen species during vascular damage. Induction of HO-1 may be beneficial in the prevention of thrombosis associated with vascular oxidant stress and inflammation.
Smoking, Air Pollution, and the High Rates of Lung Cancer in Shenyang, China
Authors: Z.-Y. Xu, W. J. Blot, H.-P. Xiao, A. Wu, Y.-P. Feng, B. J. Stone, J. Sun, A. G. Ershow, B. E. Henderson, J. F. Fraumeni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

A case-control study involving interviews with 1,249 patients with lung cancer and 1,345 population-based controls was conducted in Shenyang, an industrial city in northeastern China, where mortality rates are high among men and women. Cigarette smoking was found to be the principal cause of lung cancer in this population, accounting for 55% of the lung cancers in males and 37% in females. The attributable risk percentage among females is high compared to elsewhere in China, largely because of a higher prevalence of smoking among women. After adjustment for smoking, there were also significant increases in lung cancer risk associated with several measures of exposure to air pollutants. Risks were twice as high among those who reported smoky outdoor environments, and increased in proportion to years of sleeping on beds heated by coal-burning stoves (kang), and to an overall index of indoor air pollution. Threefold increases in lung cancer risk were found among men who worked in the nonferrous smelting industry, where heavy exposures to inorganic arsenic have been reported. The associations with both smoking and indoor air pollution were stronger for squamous cell and small cell carcinomas than for adenocarcinoma of the lung. Risks due to smoking or air pollution were not greatly altered by adjustment for consumption of fresh vegetables or sources of beta carotene or retinol, prior chronic lung diseases, or education level. The findings suggest that smoking and environmental pollution combine to account for the elevated rates of lung cancer mortality in Shenyang.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Time to Acute Reperfusion Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Elizabeth H. Bradley
Journal: JAMA (2004)

onstrated different patterns of cardiovascular care by racial and ethnic groups, 1-4 but few have investigated the relative contributions of sociodemographic, economic, clinical, or health system factors to these differences.6][7] Therefore, studies are needed to examine the broad range of factors that might explain racial and ethnic differences in care.Acute reperfusion for patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) provides a good opportunity to examine the interplay of patient and health system fea-tures and racial and ethnic differences in cardiovascular care.Prompt reperfusion markedly improves survival for patients with STEMI [8][9][10][11] and is an indicator of quality of care used by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.Re-cent reports indicate that patients identified as African American/black or as nonwhite minority experience signifi-
Inhaled corticosteroid therapy reduces the risk of rehospitalization and all-cause mortality in elderly asthmatics
Authors: D.D. Sin, J.V. Tu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Elderly patients with asthma have relatively high rates of hospitalization and mortality. Although inhaled corticosteroids have been shown to improve outcomes among younger patients with asthma, their usefulness in elderly patients has not been established. Therefore, a population-based study of patients 65 yrs of age or older, who have been hospitalized at least once with asthma in Ontario, Canada was conducted to determine the impact of inhaled corticosteroids on rehospitalization for asthma and all-cause mortality rates. Data from the Canadian Institute of Health Information was used to capture all patients 65 yrs of age and older who were hospitalized at least once, with the most responsible diagnosis of asthma in Ontario, Canada between fiscal year 1992 and 1996. This database was then linked with drug claims, physician billing and mortality databases. In total, 6,254 consecutive elderly patients with asthma were identified. Sixty percent of these patients were given at least one prescription for inhaled corticosteroids within 90 days postdischarge from their index hospitalization for asthma. Users of inhaled corticosteroids postdischarge were 29% (95% confidence interval (CI) 20%–38%) less likely to be readmitted to hospital for asthma and 39% (95% CI, 20%–53%) less likely to experience all-cause mortality compared to those who did not receive these drugs postdischarge over a one year follow-up period. These findings suggest that inhaled corticosteroids are beneficial in reducing the risk for rehospitalization and all-cause mortality in elderly patients with asthma who have recently been hospitalized for their disease.
Magnetic Resonance of 2-Hydroxyglutarate in <i>IDH1</i> -Mutated Low-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Adam Elkhaled, Llewellyn E. Jalbert, Joanna J. Phillips, Hikari A. I. Yoshihara, Rupa Parvataneni, Radhika Srinivasan, Gabriela Bourne, Mitchel S. Berger, Susan M. Chang, Soonmee Cha, Sarah J. Nelson
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

2-Hydroxyglutarate can be detected ex vivo in biopsy tissue from IDH1 -mutant low-grade gliomas with proton high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy.
Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis IIb with hypoplasia of the inferior vena cava and the right iliac and femoral veins causing recalcitrant stasis leg ulcers
Authors: Jong-Gap Park, Kee-Young Roh, Hyun-Jeong Lee, Seog-Jun Ha, Jun-Young Lee, Sang Seob Yun, Keun Woo Lim, Kyung Sup Song, Jin-Wou Kim
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2003)
Reply to “does chronic hepatitis E virus infection exist in immunocompetent patients?”
Authors: Priya Grewal
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. We thank Drs. Kamar and Izopet for their interest in our case report on chronic hepatitis E in a patient with a distant history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and appreciate their comments on this patient's immune status.1 While we acknowledge that our patient's history of SLE may have increased her susceptibility to developing chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV), it should be noted that the lupus has long been in remission (double‐stranded DNA was negative in 2006, antinuclear antibody (ANA) was negative in 2007, and in 2008 C3 and C4 were both normal and Smith and RNP antibodies were negative), and we feel there is no strong temporal correlation between her medically induced immunosuppression for lupus and the development of her chronic viral hepatitis. Diagnosis of SLE was made in 1973, with prednisone therapy continuing through 1980, along with an initial short course of plaquenil. Transaminase elevations were first noted in 2002, 20 years following cessation of lupus therapy. While our patient did receive two courses of prednisone for presumed autoimmune hepatitis, from October of 2005 through April of 2006 and from March of 2007 through September of 2007, elevated enzymes preceded the steroid courses by 3½ years. Also of note, flow cytometry of bone marrow aspirate performed in March of 2008 for analysis of atypical lymphs was normal and showed no monoclonal B‐cell population, aberrant T‐cell phenotype, or deficiency in her CD3‐, CD4‐, and CD8‐positive cells suggestive of as immunocompromised state. Her peripheral total lymphocyte count has always been normal. The atypical lymphs were likely related to her chronic HEV infection. While we feel that our patient was not immunocompromised during the period of infection with hepatitis E, we welcome Drs. Kamar and Izopet's suggestions and are in agreement that additional details regarding this patient's immune status, especially her anti‐HEV‐specific T‐cell response, are warranted and we will pursue further testing.