Diabetes, Fish Oil, and Vascular Disease
Authors: William E. Connor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Editorials15 December 1995Diabetes, Fish Oil, and Vascular DiseaseWilliam E. Connor, MDWilliam E. Connor, MDFrom Oregon Health Sciences University Portland, OR 97201.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-12-199512150-00010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The major cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus is macrovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease, stroke, and atherosclerosis of the lower extremities. Indeed, the incidence of these ischemic complications is 1.7 to 4 times greater in men with diabetes than in men without diabetes and is 2.7 to 6.4 times greater in women with diabetes than in women without diabetes [1]. The presence of diabetes even eliminates the usual protection from coronary disease that premenopausal women have compared with men of similar age. Diabetic persons of either sex have had a two- to four-fold increase in mortality in ...References1. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study. JAMA. 1979;241:2035-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Pyorala K, Laakso M, Uusitupa M. Diabetes and atherosclerosis: an epidemiologic view. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1987;3:463-524. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Steiner G. Atherosclerosis, the major complication of diabetes. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1985;189:277-97. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Kaplan NM. The deadly quartet. Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:1514-20. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988;37:1594-607. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. Bang HO, Dyerberg J, Hjoorne N. The composition of food consumed by Greenland Eskimos. Acta Med Scand. 1973;200:69-73. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. Bang HO, Dyerberg J. Lipid metabolism and ischemic heart disease in Greenland Eskimos. In: Draper HH, ed. Advances in Nutritional Research. New York: Plenum; 1980:1-32. Google Scholar8. Connor WE. N-3 fatty acids and heart disease. In: Kritchevsky D, Carroll KK, eds. Nutrition and Disease Update: Heart Disease. Champaign, IL: American Oil Chemists' Society Pr; 1994:7-42. Google Scholar9. Leaf A, Weber PC. Cardiovascular effects of n-3 fatty acids. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:549-57. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar10. Landgraf-Leurs MM, Drummer C, Froschl H, Steinhuber R, Von Schacky C, Landgraf R. Pilot study on omega-3 fatty acids in type I diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1990;39:369-75. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar11. Jensen T, Stender S, Goldstein K, Holmer G, Deckert T. Partial normalization by dietary cod-liver oil of increased microvascular albumin leakage in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and albuminuria. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:1572-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar12. Friday KE, Childs MT, Tsunehara CH, Fujimoto WY, Bierman EL, and Ensinck JW. Elevated plasma glucose and lowered triglyceride levels from omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in type II diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1989;12:276-81. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar13. Heine RJ. Dietary fish oil and insulin action in humans. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993;683:110-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar14. Connor WE, Prince MJ, Ullmann D, Riddle M, Hatcher L, Smith FE, et al . The hypotriglyceridemic effect of fish oil in adult-onset diabetes without adverse glucose control. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993;683:337-40. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar15. Toft I, Bonaa KH, Ingebretsen OC, Nordoy A, Jenssen T. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and blood pressure in essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1995;123:911-8. LinkGoogle Scholar16. Connor WE. The impact of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on the synthesis and clearance of apo B lipoproteins and chylomicrons. In: Proceedings from the Scientific Conference on Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Nutrition, Vascular Biology, and Medicine. Dallas: American Heart Assoc; 1995. Google Scholar17. Harris WS. Fish oils and plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in humans: a critical review. J Lipid Res. 1989;30:785-807. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar18. Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF, Rogers S, Holliday RM, Sweetnam PM, et al . Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet. 1989;2:757-61. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: William E. Connor, MDAffiliations: From Oregon Health Sciences University Portland, OR 97201.Corresponding Author: William E. Connor, MD, Department of Medicine, L465, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201-3098. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEffects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Glucose Homeostasis and Blood Pressure in Essential Hypertension Ingrid Toft , Kaare H. Bonaa , Ole C. 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Italian Fish Oil Multicenter StudyOmega-3 Fatty Acids from FishDiet and Lifestyle in Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes 15 December 1995Volume 123, Issue 12Page: 950-952KeywordsBlood plasmaBlood pressureDiabetes mellitusDietFatty acidsGlucoseHypertensionOilsType 2 diabetesVascular diseases ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...