tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extramedullary plasmacytoma: cytological and genotypic studies
Authors: T. TAMAMORI, F. NAKAYAMA, H. SUGIMOTO, J. FENXIANG, K. IWATSUKI, M. TAKIGAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

A 62-year-old woman had multiple plasmacytomas in the skin and lymph nodes, without Bence-Jones protein or a monoclonal peak of serum immunoglobulins. Infiltrating plasmacytoid cells expressed cytoplasmic IgG (λ) and surface CD38, without any B-cell markers. There was no visceral or bone marrow involvement suggestive of multiple myeloma. Southern blot analysis of extracted DNA from the cutaneous lesions showed two rearranged bands with an immunoglobulin, but not a T-cell receptor, gene probe. The patient showed a poor response to chemotherapy, and died of bronchopneumonia. The clinical course and cytological features differentiate multiple cutaneous extramedullary plasmacytomas from solitary cutaneous extramedullary plasmacytoma and cutaneous lesions associated with tnultiple myeloma.
Cardiac Vectors in The Frontal Plane
Authors: Joseph M. Schuster
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The brief essay, "Determining the Direction of the Cardiac Vectors in the Frontal Plane" (<b>199</b>:665, 1967), offers presumably a simplification of an established method of determining by inspection the mean frontal-plane vector of the QRS, T, or other elements of the curve. The authors' principle, that a mean or instantaneous vector force is the center of a 180° arc of positivity, is only a corollary to the principle that the establishment of a null line or zone, or the determination of a scalar lead which is algebraically near zero, puts the mean vector force for the complex 90° away from the null line. It would have been much simpler for them to examine their curve, with lead III having a negative QRS potential and lead aV<sub>F</sub>a positive potential, and assume that an algebraically zero force or netisoelectric line would fall between the two leads.
Technology and Handicapped People
Authors: Ernest W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This is a report on technology and handicapped people by a project committee of the Subcommittee on Health and Life Sciences Division of the Office of Technology Assessment by the Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources. It contains four parts: "Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps," "Technology," "Resource Allocation," and "Policy Options." There are 232 references. I was impressed with the organization and the volume of facts and figures, particularly relating to our deficiencies in resource allocation in this vital area. Clearly documented are the voids in evaluation, marketing, and coordination of technologies for reducing handicaps. However, a notable deficiency was the absence of a psychiatrist among the consultants and resource staff, undoubtedly reflected in the scarcity of medical aspects considered in the report. Nevertheless, the material included is not readily available in a single source. I recommend this volume for inclusion in our libraries concerned with the handicapped.
Israeli army's shoot to kill policy
Authors: Yoram Blachar
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—Summerfield's letter presents nothing new. No one has ever denied that occasional abuses do take place within the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) due, in part, to the pressure of fearing for your life in an unconventional war, where women and teenagers serve as suicide bombers, and boys as young as 11 are exploited by Palestinian terrorists.1

As an example, a Palestinian woman, Wafa al-Bas, recently …
Studies of basal and peak acid output with an augmented histamine test
Authors: J. H. Baron
Journal: Gut (1963)

On the basis that the most repeatable measurement of acid output of the stomach is the peak half hour after an augmented dose of histamine, the author suggests a modification of the Kay test, including titration of the gastric juice to neutrality and measurement of the chloride concentration. The aspiration tube was sited fluoroscopically. It is suggested that the ;peak half hour' should be substituted for the period 15-45 minutes after administration of histamine. This modification is supported by the presented data. It should be noted, however, that the titration technique has also been modified. The ranges of basal and maximum gastric secretion (volume, acidity, acid output, parietal and non-parietal components) in 20 normal males and 20 normal females are presented and analysed for differences of age and sex. Both basal and maximum (histamine stimulated) gastric secretion declined with age, more so in women than in men. ;Maximum' gastric secretion was greater in men than in women, especially in older subjects.
CLUSTERING OF TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY CASES IN UNITED STATES IN 2011
Authors: Sadip Pant, Abhishek Deshmukh, Kathan Mehta, Nileshkumar Patel, Apurva Badheka, Neeraj Shah, Ankit Chothani, Smith Giri, Kaustubh Dabhadkar, Jawahar Mehta, Charanjit Rihal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Determinants for the Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study
Authors: Jaana Lindström, Markku Peltonen, Johan G. Eriksson, Sirkka Aunola, Helena Hämäläinen, Pirjo Ilanne-Parikka, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Matti Uusitupa, Jaakko Tuomilehto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Intensive lifestyle intervention significantly reduced diabetes incidence among the participants in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. We investigated whether and to what extent risk factors for type 2 diabetes and other baseline characteristics of the study participants modified the effectiveness of the lifestyle intervention.Overweight, middle-aged volunteers with impaired glucose tolerance were randomly assigned to intensive lifestyle intervention (n = 265) or to a control group (n = 257) for a median of 4 years. Diabetes status was ascertained annually with repeated oral glucose tolerance testing. Incidence rates of diabetes and hazard ratios (HRs) comparing the intervention group with the control group were calculated by sex and baseline tertiles of age, BMI, waist circumference, plasma glucose concentration at fasting and 2 h after a glucose load, fasting serum insulin and insulin resistance index, and categories of composite baseline Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC). Interactions between the intervention assignment and baseline risk factors on diabetes risk were analyzed.The intervention was most effective among the oldest individuals (HRs 0.77, 0.49, and 0.36 by increasing age tertiles, respectively; P(interaction) = 0.0130) and those with a high baseline FINDRISC (HRs 1.09, 0.84, 0.34, and 0.22 by increasing risk score category, respectively; P(interaction) = 0.0400). The effect of the intervention on diabetes risk was not modified by other baseline characteristics or risk factors.The FINDRISC may be useful in identifying high-risk groups most likely to benefit from intensive lifestyle intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes.
P484The inhibition of lysyl oxidase improves the cardiovascular remodeling associated with obesity in rats
Authors: E Martinez-Martinez, M Miana, R Jurado-Lopez, M Luaces, F Islas, M Galan, N Lopez-Andres, J Martinez-Gonzalez, C Rodriguez, V Cachofeiro
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: We have previously reported that leptin can participate in the cardiovascular fibrosis associated with obesity. One of the key steps in the synthesis and maturation of the ECM involves the enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX), which allows the crosslinking of collagen and elastin fibers and the formation of a stable and insoluble ECM. Therefore, we explore the effects of an inhibitor of LOX activity, beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), on cardiovascular alterations in a model of diet-induced obesity in rats, and whether or not these effects could involve the modulation of the profibrotic effects of leptin.
Reframing HIV and AIDS
Authors: L. Stabinski
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Last month WHO declared the HIV/AIDS epidemic a global health emergency. Should governments go one step further and treat it as a disaster? 

Over the past 20 years, the public health community has learnt a tremendous amount about the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Yet, despite widespread discussion about the epidemic and some measurable progress, the overall response has been insufficient: globally 42 million people are already infected with HIV, prevalence continues to rise, and less than 5% of those affected have access to lifesaving medicines.1 In the face of this growing crisis, the World Health Organization has made scaling up treatment a key priority of the new administration.2 We argue that not only is the HIV/AIDS epidemic an emergency, but its devastating effects on societies may qualify it as one of the most serious disasters to have affected humankind. As such, this crisis warrants a full disaster management response.

According to the United Nations, a disaster is any “serious disruption of the functioning of a society, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses which exceed the ability of a society to cope using only its own resources.”3 In just over two decades, the epidemic has already killed over 23 million people.4 Although other diseases may have cumulatively resulted in more deaths, HIV and AIDS are unique because they attack young adults in their peak productive years. These are the people who are essential to a society's current stability, potential economic growth, and functioning in the next generation.5 Unless more effort is put into saving lives and remedying the loss of human resource capacities in vulnerable countries with high prevalence or increasing incidence rates, the devastating effects may exceed these societies' ability to cope and could lead to their eventual disintegration. This potential can already be seen in …
How does PUVA inhibit delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity?
Authors: CELIA MOSS, P.S. FRIEDMANN, SAM SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article How does PUVA inhibit delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity? Get access CELIA MOSS, CELIA MOSS Department of Dermatology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.S. FRIEDMANN, P.S. FRIEDMANN Department of Dermatology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SAM SHUSTER SAM SHUSTER Department of Dermatology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue 5, 1 November 1982, Pages 511–516, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00400.x Published: 01 November 1982 Article history Accepted: 05 February 1982 Published: 01 November 1982
Synovium as a source of increased amino-terminal parathyroid hormone-related protein expression in rheumatoid arthritis. A possible role for locally produced parathyroid hormone-related protein in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J L Funk, L A Cordaro, H Wei, J B Benjamin, D E Yocum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1), mediate the joint destruction that characterizes rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies have shown that parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a member of the cascade of proinflammatory cytokines induced in parenchymal organs during lethal endotoxemia. To test the hypothesis that NH2-terminal PTHrP, a potent bone resorbing agent, could also be a member of the synovial cascade of tissue-destructive cytokines whose expression is induced in RA, PTHrP expression was examined in synovium and synoviocytes obtained from patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA). PTHrP production, as determined by measurement of immunoreactive PTHrP(1-86) in tissue explant supernatants, was increased 10-fold in RA versus OA synovial tissue. Synovial lining cells and fibroblast-like cells within the pannus expressed both PTHrP and the PTH/PTHrP receptor, findings that were confirmed by in vitro studies of cultured synoviocytes. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta stimulated PTHrP expression in synoviocytes, while dexamethasone and interferon-gamma, agents with some therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of RA, inhibited PTHrP release. Treatment of synoviocytes with PTHrP(1-34) stimulated IL-6 secretion. These results suggest that proinflammatory cytokine-stimulated production of NH2-terminal PTHrP by synovial tissue directly invading cartilage and bone in RA may mediate joint destruction through direct effects on cartilage or bone, or, indirectly, via the induction of mediators of bone resorption in the tumor-like synovium.
Ethnic differences in mortality from sudden infant death syndrome in New Zealand.
Authors: E A Mitchell, A W Stewart, R Scragg, R P Ford, B J Taylor, D M Becroft, J M Thompson, I B Hassall, D M Barry, E M Allen
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To examine the factors which might explain the higher mortality from sudden infant death syndrome in Maori infants (7.4/1000 live births in 1986 compared with 3.6 in non-Maori children). DESIGN--A large nationwide case control study. SETTING--New Zealand. 485 infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome were compared with 1800 control infants. There were 229 Maori and 240 non-Maori cases of sudden infant death syndrome (16 cases unassigned) and 353 Maori and 1410 non-Maori controls (37 unassigned). RESULTS--Maori infants had 3.81 times the risk (95% confidence interval 3.06 to 4.76) of sudden infant death syndrome compared with non-Maori infants. The risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome within groups were remarkably similar. When Maori and non-Maori controls were compared the prevalence of many of the known risk factors was higher in Maori infants. In particular, mothers were socioeconomically disadvantaged, younger, and more likely to smoke and their infants were of lower birth weight and more likely to share a bed with another person. Multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounders found that simply being Maori increased the risk of sudden infant death syndrome by only 1.37 (95% CI = 0.95 to 2.01), not statistically significantly different from 1. Population attributable risk was calculated for prone sleeping position, maternal smoking, not breast feeding, and infants sharing a bed with another person. In total these four risk factors accounted for 89% of deaths from sudden infant death syndrome in Maori infants and 79% in non-Maori infants. CONCLUSION--The high rate of sudden infant death syndrome among Maori infants is based largely on the high prevalence in the Maori population of the major risk factors. Other risk factors, not related to ethnicity, probably explain remaining differences between Maori and non-Maori children.
Diabetic Acidosis With Initial Hypokalemia
Authors: Eugene Abramson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Initial hypokalemia in diabetic ketoacidosis is an uncommon finding, implying severe total body potassium depletion in excess of that usually encountered. Five cases illustrate the therapeutic pitfalls and challenges presented by such a situation. Potassium replacement should commence early in treatment, after the presence of adequate urine output has been established. There are potential dangers of alkalinization in the face of hypokalemia. The role of magnesium metabolism in ketoacidosis may be significant.
Edward Maurice Backett
Authors: T. Hedley, J. McEwen, E. Russell, R. Weir
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Edward Maurice Backett (“Maurice”) studied zoology and psychology before medicine, and this diversity shaped his approach throughout his medical career. He belonged to a small group, including Archie Cochrane, Jerry Morris, John Pemberton, and Alice Stewart, who established pioneering departments of social medicine in medical schools in the 1950s and ’60s. First in the chair in Aberdeen and then in the foundation …
Primary Varicella Pneumonia
Authors: O. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (1959)

about 12 months, never being longer than three to four weeks without pain.This was often felt in the right hypo- chondrium, and radiated at times through to the back, but not to the shoulders and was not related to meals.He had no history of jaundice, rigors, or pyrexia associated with the pain.He had not vomited, but the pain nauseated him.He suffered considerably from flatulence, and for the pre- vious 12 months he had tended to suffer from frequent bowel actions with loose stools.There had been no blood or mucus in the stools and there was no history of haemat- ]I ntravenous cholangiogranm 80 minutes after injection showing the biliary passages and no gall-bladder.'emesis or melaena.There were no symptoms of urinary disease.His appetite was poor and he had lost weight recently.On.examination his general condition was good.No abnormal physical signs were found except for some tender- ness over the gall-bladder region and over McBurmey's point, not nearly so marked as when he was first seen.Chole- cystitis with possible subacute appendicitis was provisionally diagnosed.Operation.-OnJanuary 17, 1957, the abdomen was ex- plored through a right subcostal incision, and the gall- bladder was found to be completely absent.There was a narrow, shallow groove on the liver in the position of the gall-bladder fossa.The common bile duct was dissected
Paraoxonase polymorphism Met-Leu54 is associated with modified serum concentrations of the enzyme. A possible link between the paraoxonase gene and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetes.
Authors: M C Garin, R W James, P Dussoix, H Blanché, P Passa, P Froguel, J Ruiz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Paraoxonase was identified as a genetic risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in recent studies focusing on a polymorphism affecting position 191. A second polymorphism of the paraoxonase gene affects position 54 and involves a methionine (M allele) to leucine (L allele) change. It was investigated in diabetic patients (n = 408) with and without vascular disease. There were highly significant differences in plasma concentrations and activities of paraoxonase between genotypes defined by the 54 polymorphism: MMAA, MLAA, LLAA; protein, 65.3+/-18.0, 77.9+/-18.0, 93.5+/-26.0 microg/ml; P < 0.0001: activity (phenylacetate), 48.6+/-13.5, 64.1+/-14.5, 68.1+/-13.0 U/ml; P < 0.0001. The 191 variant had little impact on paraoxonase concentrations. Homozygosity for the L allele was an independent risk factor for CVD (odds ratio 1.98 (1.07-3.83); P = 0.031). A linkage disequilibrium (P < 0.0001) was apparent between the mutations giving rise to leucine and arginine at positions 54 and 191, respectively. The study underlines that susceptibility to CVD correlates with high activity paraoxonase alleles. The 54 polymorphism would appear to be of central importance to paraoxonase function by virtue of its association with modulated concentrations. The latter could explain the association between both the 54 and 191 polymorphisms and CVD.
QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICULATE MATERIAL (MANGANESE DIOXIDE) ADMINISTERED INTRAVENOUSLY TO THE DOG, RABBIT, GUINEA PIG, RAT, CHICKEN, AND TURTLE
Authors: Charles C. Lund, Louis A. Shaw, Cecil K. Drinker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

The distribution of manganese dioxide particles 1 hour following intravenous injection in cats, dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, chickens, and turtles is described. This distribution is remarkably constant for all the animals tested, except the cat, in which the injected material is practically equally divided between the lungs and liver. In the other animals the liver performs the main share of the work, and in the cat it has been shown that the liver after 12 hours accumulates the manganese which was formerly deposited in the lungs. The results are in harmony with experiments in which bacterial suspensions are employed for injection and confirm the suggestion previously made (2) that in the first handling of foreign particulate material the animal behaves similarly whether protein or inorganic injections are used.
Group aims to silence claims that vitamins are better than drugs for AIDS
Authors: Pat Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

South Africa's leading AIDS activism group is back in court using its weapon of choice, the law, in its fight for the adequate provision of treatment to South Africa's five million people who are HIV positive.

The group is suing a manufacturer of vitamins, who has fallen foul of regulators in the United Kingdom and the United States, to stop him claiming that his vitamins are more effective than antiretroviral drugs for people with AIDS. They also want him to stop claiming that antiretroviral drugs are too toxic for people with AIDS to take. …
Camptocormia or cormoptosis? The etymology of the word.
Authors: D Karras, J Vassilakos, D Kassimos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

X ray examination of the hands shows, on the left side, underdevelopment of the bones of the carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges without osteodegenerative lesions of the distal interphalangealjoints; Heberden's nodes are present on the right side.
Up-regulation of beta 2 -adrenergic receptors in previously transplanted, denervated nonfailing human hearts
Authors: Hanadi M. Farrukh, Michel White, Jonathan David Port, David Handwerger, Patti Larrabee, Jana Klein, Robert A. Roden, Lisa Skerl, Dale G. Renlund, Arthur M. Feldman, Michael R. Bristow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Results of a phase 2 study of bortezomib in patients with relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma
Authors: Nicholas Di Bella, Raymond Taetle, Kathryn Kolibaba, Thomas Boyd, Robert Raju, David Barrera, Ernest W. Cochran, Philip Y. Dien, Roger Lyons, Peter J. Schlegel, Svetislava J. Vukelja, Julie Boston, Kristi A. Boehm, Yunfei Wang, Lina Asmar
Journal: Blood (2009)
Does a raised pro-BNP level in pleural fluid aid the diagnosis of effusion due to heart failure?
Authors: Z Hall
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Porcel JM, Vives M, Cao G, et al . Measurement of pro-brain natriuretic peptide in pleural fluid for the diagnosis of pleural effusions due to heart failure. Am J Med2004;116:417–20. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are increased in heart failure. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of BNP measurements in pleural fluid from patients with and without heart failure. The pro-BNP concentration … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BAmerican%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bmedicine%26rft.stitle%253DAm%2BJ%2BMed%26rft.aulast%253DPorcel%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BM.%26rft.volume%253D116%26rft.issue%253D6%26rft.spage%253D417%26rft.epage%253D420%26rft.atitle%253DMeasurement%2Bof%2Bpro-brain%2Bnatriuretic%2Bpeptide%2Bin%2Bpleural%2Bfluid%2Bfor%2Bthe%2Bdiagnosis%2Bof%2Bpleural%2Beffusions%2Bdue%2Bto%2Bheart%2Bfailure.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.amjmed.2003.11.008%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15006591%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.11.008&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15006591&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F6%2F537.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000220166600008&link_type=ISI
Diagnosis of dyspepsia from data collected by a physician's assistant.
Authors: J C Horrocks, F T De Dombal
Journal: BMJ (1975)

This paper presents a study of the diagnosis of "dyspepsia" in 154 patients based on data collected at their initial outpatient attendance via an interview with a non-medically qualified physician's assistant. The reactions of patients to this type of interview were favourable, and the data recorded were as reliable as those recorded by clinicians. We conclude (1) that the data recorded by the physician's assistant are valuable diagnostically; (2) where these cannot be collected by a qualified physician, this task may be delegated to a non-medically qualified person; but (3) this interview should augment and not replace the traditional clinical interview.