tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SUPPRESSION OF BLOOD GROUP AGGLUTINABILITY OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES BY CERTAIN BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDES
Authors: Ruggero Ceppellini, Maurice Landy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Erythrocytes coated with bacterial capsular polysaccharides, notably the Vi antigen, were no longer agglutinated by antibodies directed against the various antigens native to the red cell surface. These effects could not be attributed to prevention of antibody uptake even though in some systems the uptake of antibody was diminished. In fact, agglutination by Rh-incomplete antibody was brought back to the original titer only after the sensitized Vi-coated cells had been subjected to ten alternating exposures to globulin and antiglobulin. Hemagglutination by Newcastle, mumps, and influenza viruses was also suppressed. Erythrocytes coated with Vi polysaccharide assumed the distinctive physicochemical attributes of this acidic polymer which results in a stabilization of the erythrocyte suspension as manifested by increased electrophoretic mobility and a striking decrease in the rate of sedimentation. Among the possible models for explaining the nature of the Vi effect on immune agglutination, the data favor interference with lattice formation.
Trial of Procaine in the Aged
Authors: S. R. Fee, A. N. G. Clark
Journal: BMJ (1961)

DEPARTMENTto isolate staphylococci from wounds, and this may apply to swabs taken from noses and wounds at the time of operation.Compared with the extensive investigations of Williams and Miles (1949) our isolation rate of Staph.aureus from fresh lacerations was low.This was probably in part due to a difference in cultural methods, and in part due to the fact that our patients were attended to sooner after the accident and their lacerations were smaller.On the other hand, the much shorter time taken by the majority of wounds to heal is almost certainly because our patients were seen sooner after the operation, and were therefore eligible for earlier discharge.As did Williams and Miles (1949), we found that patients might become infected with staphylococci of the same type as those they carried in the nose.When allowance has been made for these reservations, it is still surprising that there was no apparent transfer of staphylococci from septic to clean patients.The explanation for this may perhaps lie in the careful surgical and nursing technique which was used.In this series of patients with post-operative sepsisStaph.aureus accounted for less than a third of the infections at the first dressing.It is not possible to state a source for the majority of these organisms or for the other bacteria isolated from wounds.There can, however, be no doubt of the value to the patient and to the hospital of preventing post-operative infection.Return to work was quicker among the patients whose wounds healed without infection, and the length of their attendance in the casualty department was half that of the patients whose wounds became septic.Summary A series of 362 clean patients were operated upon in a casualty theatre used for clean and septic patients.At the first dressing, usually six to seven days later, 35 patients had wounds with pus.Staph.aureus was isolated from 11 of these wounds.All the strains were different in type, and none were of the same type as those infecting septic patients operated upon in the same theatre in the same period.We are indebted to Mr. J. 0. Robinson, surgeon in charge of the surgery, for permission to conduct this investigation,
TWINE IN LIEU OF THE ELASTIC LIGATURE FOR PERFORMING GASTROENTEROSTOMY.
Authors: J. W. DRAPER MAURY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

During the past winter two innovations have been practiced at the surgical laboratory of Columbia University. They consisted in the carrying out of suggestions<sup>1</sup>made in a previous communication from the laboratory, to-wit: First, that gastroenterostomy might be successfully practiced with the use of a triangular instead of a quadrangular stitch; and second, that the material for inserting the stitch might be twine instead of the elastic ligature. Weir objected to the technic as originally devised by McGraw, because he feared that the patency of the opening might be affected by bridges of tissue establishing themselves between the margins of the siit. He said that if a method could be found by which the elastic could be made to "punch out," it would stem to be ideal. Two students of the Columbia Medical School finally perfected the stitch. They were Messrs. Kussler and Thomas, and they should receive full credit
Sleeping on animal fur is related to asthma outcomes in later childhood
Authors: Christina Tischer, Marie Standl, Irina Lehmann, Beate Schaaf, Andrea von Berg, Joachim Heinrich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Animal furs might represent a “proxy” for high and diverse microbial exposures within a critical time window of immune development. We assessed whether sleeping on animal fur shortly after birth is associated with asthma and atopy up to the age of 10 years. LISAplus participants (n=2441) from Munich and Leipzig, Germany, were included in the analysis. Animal fur exposure, cofactors and health outcomes were obtained periodically up to 10 years of age by parental questionnaires. Information on specific IgE to aeroallergens was available at 10 years. Cytokine-producing peripheral T-cells were assessed in a subgroup of children at 2 and 3 years. Confounder-adjusted associations were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. Sleeping on animal fur was very common (55%). In adjusted logistic regression analyses, sleeping on animal fur was inversely associated with recurrent early wheezing at 4 years (adjusted OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61–0.93) and current asthma at 6 years (adjusted OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.31–1.01). Furthermore, sleeping on animal fur during the first 3 months of life was significantly associated with a persistently stimulated interferon-γ response until the age of 3 years. Animal fur could be an effective measure of creating environments associated with higher microbial exposure.
Asthma trends Causes of wheeze and asthma may differ
Authors: S Ross, D Godden, G Douglas, J Legge, J Friend, H Booth, C Hartley-Sharpe, H Walters, C C Godley, R McCallum, C E Bucknall, S Kendrick, J H Higham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Two papers report the outcome of childhood asthma in Tasmania1 and Melbourne2 in subjects now in their 30s. We reported a 25 year follow up of schoolchildren in Aberdeen3,4 and think that our findings influence the interpretation of these Australian papers.

In the 1964 random community survey that provided the baseline for our study, subjects were classified as having asthma, “wheeze in the presence of respiratory infection” (wheezy bronchitis), or no respiratory symptoms (comparison subjects).5 Review after 25 years of subjects from each group showed that 61% of those who had had asthma in childhood continued to wheeze in adult life, compared with 30% of those who had had wheezy bronchitis; 11% of the comparison subjects had developed wheeze since the original study.

Of the subjects who had not had symptoms in childhood who were reviewed by Mark A Jenkins and colleagues, 10.6% had developed symptoms by the age of 29-32,1 a similar percentage to that in our study. Of those who had had symptoms in childhood, 25.6% continued to experience symptoms as adults, a much smaller percentage than we had found. The reason for the difference from our results may lie in the ages at the time of the original studies: the Tasmanian children were identified at age 7, while ours were selected at 10 to 15, when a number of wheezy children would have already grown out of their symptoms. Another explanation may lie in the definition of symptoms in adults: Jenkins and colleagues defined them as the “occurrence of an asthma attack within the previous 12 months,” which is a more stringent definition than that used in our study (wheeze in the past 12 months) or the study by Helmut Oswald and colleagues (wheeze in the past three …
Modulation of Growth Factor Action
Authors: Johannes Waltenberger
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Abstract Peptide growth factors are involved in fundamental cellular processes relevant for cardiovascular physiology and pathology, namely, atherogenesis and angiogenesis. The modulation of growth factor–related signals represents a novel strategy for the treatment of cardiac and vascular disease. Experimental modulation of growth factor action has already provided a better understanding of cardiovascular biology and pathophysiology. In turn, the development of specific and powerful molecular tools is setting the stage for the exploration of their clinical potentials. Current strategies include the use of recombinant proteins, specific inhibitors of protein-protein interactions, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the generation and application of dominant-negative molecules, the development of antisense strategies, and a variety of different gene transfer approaches. Parallel avenues of research are heading toward the same goal, the specific suppression of potent pathogenic stimuli that induce and promote atherogenesis or the augmentation of beneficial ones such as induction of therapeutic angiogenesis. The successful application of one of these strategies seems to be in reach and will certainly be a milestone in molecular medicine.
Points from Letters: Influenza Immunization
Authors: C. O. M. Priday
Journal: BMJ (1972)

volve us in a bureaucratic jamboree, invite us to participate in the most unprofessional labour tactics, and suffer administrative counteraction.Simultaneously it could re- move one of the bases of our professional standing, full-time patient responsibility.It opens the door to future administrative elimination of "overtime," with substitution of alternative medical cover.Full-time consultants are likely to be hard hit."Right to private practice" invites the assumption of some remuneration from private practice when finally pricing the contract.But some full-time consultants re- ject this form of practice and others have deliberately rejected their access to private practice to leave this to their part-time colleagues or work in medical or geo- graphical areas where private practice is rare.Has anyone considered how these un-
Diagnosis of abdominal masses with percutaneous biopsy guided by ultrasound.
Authors: H J Jaeger, J MacFie, C J Mitchell, N Couse, D Wai
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the accuracy and safety of percutaneous biopsy of abdominal masses guided by ultrasound. DESIGN--Prospective study. SETTING--Combined gastroenterology service, Scarborough Hospital. PATIENTS--108 Consecutive patients identified as having a discrete mass on diagnostic ultrasound examination of the abdomen. INTERVENTION--A sample of tissue was obtained with an aseptic technique under local anaesthesia: an 18 steel wire gauge needle (Tru-Cut) was mounted in a spring loaded firing device (Biopty gun) that was advanced under simultaneous ultrasound scanning, permitting precise localisation of the target organ. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Results of histological examination of tissue specimens. RESULTS--Biopsy failed in four patients. Adequate histological specimens were obtained in 104 patients with masses in the liver (31), pancreas (37), kidney (10), and adrenal glands (six) and in 20 undiagnosed abdominal and retroperitoneal masses. Follow up was until death or confirmation of the diagnosis. Three complications but no deaths occurred. Malignancy was suspected in 84 patients before biopsy. This was confirmed in 70 patients, in 26 of whom confirmation of dissemination obviated the need for further investigation. In 10 patients biopsy indicated a previously unsuspected primary tumour, and in 12 it showed only a benign lesion. Among 24 patients considered to have benign disease biopsy showed an unsuspected neoplasm in seven. Use of biopsy thus had a major effect on clinical management in 55 patients. Four false negative but no false positive diagnoses resulted from the procedure. CONCLUSION--Percutaneous biopsy of abdominal and retroperitoneal masses under ultrasound guidance is a safe and accurate method of obtaining a histological diagnosis. The results obtained have a considerable effect on clinical management.
The ACP Evidence-Based Guide to Complementary &amp;amp; Alternative Medicine
Authors: Stephen M. Sagar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 September 2009The ACP Evidence-Based Guide to Complementary & Alternative MedicineStephen M. Sagar, MDStephen M. Sagar, MDFrom McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-5-200909010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Jacobs BP, Gundling K, eds. 452 pages. Philadelphia: American Coll of Physicians; 2009. $64.95. ISBN 9781934465042. Order at www.acponline.org.Field of medicine: Internal medicine, family practice, oncology, and psychiatry.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Clinicians, medical students, or advanced practice nurses interested in complementary and alternative medicine or integrative medicine who wish to refer to the hierarchy of evidence that supports or refutes specific interventions and their adverse effects.Purpose: To provide a critical, evidence-based reference to complementary and alternative medicine methodology, research clinical practice, and safety.Content: The book includes chapters on definitions and principles, the clinical encounter, allergic disorders, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stephen M. Sagar, MDAffiliations: From McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 2009Volume 151, Issue 5 Page: 368 Keywords Complementary and alternative medicine Drug interactions Drugs Evidence based medicine Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation Obesity Obstetrics and gynecology Quality improvement Safety Stable coronary artery disease ePublished: 1 September 2009 Issue Published: 1 September 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Anti-DNA antibodies in discoid lupus erythematosus. Follow-up study.
Authors: B Bresnihan, G R Hughes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Anti-DNA antibodies have been detected previously in patients with chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) despite the absence of overt systemic manifestations. 27 patients with DLE were followed up 3 years after the detection of anti-DNA antibodies in 7. None had developed other features of systemic lupus erythematosus. We conclude that the occasional finding of anti-DNA antibodies in patients with DLE does not predict those likely to develop systemic disease.
Medical Licensure and Professional Discipine 1976
Authors: ROBERT C. DERBYSHIRE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Editorials1 September 1976Medical Licensure and Professional Discipine 1976ROBERT C. DERBYSHIRE, M.D., F.A.C.S.ROBERT C. DERBYSHIRE, M.D., F.A.C.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-3-384 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn this bicentennial year american medical licensure has reached a uniformity and reasonableness considered unattainable as recently as 10 years ago. With the current almost universal acceptance by medical licensing boards of the certificate of the National Board of Medical Examiners and the Federation Licensing Examination (FLEX), only occasional pockets of provincialism prevent free migration of physicians from state to state. That we can soon eliminate these is doubtful.We have not progressed so well in professional discipline. Present means of discipline are under criticism of force never felt before, and for good reason. Physicians must face this fact; they...References1. DERBYSHIRE R: Medical ethics and discipline. JAMA 228:59-62, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. New York Times: 25 February 1973, pp. 1, 48 Google Scholar3. New York Times: 29 January 1976, pp. 1, 24 Google Scholar4. NESBITT J: The sick doctor statute. A new approach to an old problem. Fed Bull 57:266-279, 1970 Google Scholar5. Chapter 13 Medicine and Surgery. Arizona statutes as amended: 32-1451, 1974 Google Scholar6. BOYKIN P: Personal communication Google Scholar7. AMA Judicial Council Opinions and Reports. Chicago, American Medical Association, 1971, p. 18 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROBERT C. DERBYSHIRE, M.D., F.A.C.S. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOrganotin Compounds 1 September 1976Volume 85, Issue 3Page: 384-385 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Fate of Collateral Vessels After Successful Coronary Angioplasty in Patients With Effort Angina
Authors: Masatoshi Fujita, Izuru Nakae, Tetsuro Fudo, Terumitsu Tanaka, Tomoyuki Iwase, Shun-ichi Tamaki, Ryuji Nohara, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Prophylactic Oophorectomy to Reduce the Risk of Ovarian and Breast Cancer in Carriers of<i>BRCA</i>Mutations
Authors: Daniel Haber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes encode proteins that participate in the cellular response to DNA damage; inactivating mutations in these genes heighten susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers. The mechanism underlying this tissue specificity is not understood, nor is it clear why mutations in these genes, which are associated with inherited cancer, are not a feature of sporadic breast cancer. The susceptibility to cancer results from the inheritance of one mutant allele of either BRCA1 or BRCA2 (autosomal dominant transmission), followed by the loss of the second allele in breast or ovarian epithelial cells (loss of heterozygosity), leading to complete . . .
Cardiac sympathetic innervation in patients with idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia
Authors: Michael Schäfers, Hartmut Lerch, Thomas Wichter, Christopher G Rhodes, Adriaan A Lammertsma, Martin Borggrefe, Flemming Hermansen, Otmar Schober, Günter Breithardt, Paolo G Camici
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Fatal Reactions to Benzathine Penicillin G
Authors: Frederick Steigmann
Journal: JAMA (1962)

BENZATHINE PENICILLIN G has been used extensively in recent years, particularly in the treatment and prophylaxis of streptococcal infection and a venereal disease. The over-all reaction rate from this agent appears to be not significantly higher than from other salts of penicillin administered parenterally,as noted from the scarcity of reports of fatal reactions. Thus far, only 13 known fatalities have been recorded. If all the doses used in the United States were converted to 600,000 units, they would total more than 40 million, a roughly estimated fatality incidence of 1 per 3 million doses. The purpose of this report is to describe fatal reactions in 3 patients shortly after they had received an injection of benzathine penicillin G as an antistreptococcal prophylaxis in the management of their rheumatic heart disease. Report of Cases Case1.—A 19-year-old male was admitted because of congestive failure. His past history was essentially negative. He
Inflammatory cytokines and acute graft-versus-host disease after reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Mohamad Mohty, Didier Blaise, Catherine Faucher, Norbert Vey, Reda Bouabdallah, Anne-Marie Stoppa, Frederic Viret, Gwenaelle Gravis, Daniel Olive, Béatrice Gaugler
Journal: Blood (2005)
Phase III Trial of Fluorouracil, Interferon Alfa-2b, and Cisplatin Versus Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin in Metastatic or Unresectable Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Arlene Odelia Siefker-Radtke, Randall E. Millikan, Shi-Ming Tu, Dennis F. Moore, Terry L. Smith, Dallas Williams, Christopher J Logothetis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Previously, we developed a novel biochemotherapy regimen combining interferon alfa-2b with fluorouracil and cisplatin (FAP). We now report the results of a prospective randomized trial comparing FAP with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (M-VAC), the standard chemotherapy regimen for locally advanced and metastatic urothelial cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare the response rates and overall survival of patients with metastatic or unresectable urothelial cancer treated with these two chemotherapy regimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between October 1992 and September 1999, 172 previously untreated patients were registered and randomly assigned to treatment with either FAP or M-VAC. Patients were followed until their death. RESULTS: The pretreatment clinical characteristics of the groups were similar except for sex (P < .01). Sex did not affect prognosis or survival. The objective response rate for patients assigned to FAP was 42% (35 of 83 patients), with complete response observed in eight (10%) of 83 patients. Among the patients assigned to M-VAC, 51 (59%) of 86 had an objective response, with complete response observed in 21 (24%) of 86. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of median survival was 12.5 months for both groups. Both regimens were quite toxic, with more mucocutaneous toxicity in the FAP arm and more myelosuppression in the M-VAC arm. CONCLUSION: Although overall survival was not significantly different, patients assigned to M-VAC had a much better chance of responding to front-line therapy. Thus, FAP is very likely to be inferior to M-VAC and is certainly no less toxic. FAP cannot be recommended as part of the standard armamentarium for urothelial cancer.