tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infections Due to Staph. aureus in a General Hospital
Authors: M. E. Florey, V. Ungehauer
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Through an invitation extended to me to work in the United States, an opportunity was provided of study- ing the present clinical significance of lesions in which Staphylococcus aureus is found.The investigation was carried out in the New York Hospital, and the time of year chosen was the six months comprising the late autumn, winter, and early spring of 1956-7.It was hoped thereby to include a period of the year when septic conditions were considered to be most prevalent.The object of the study was to discover: (1) the inci- dence of staphylococcal infections, (2) their relation to antibiotic resistance, and (3) their clinical severity.To get a general picture, recourse was had to contemporary records of the whole of the hospital, exclusive of private patients, while more particular study was made of samples obtained from two-monthly studies on each of the floors devoted to an out-patient surgical clinic, to general surgery (including fractures and plastic work), and to general medicine.For purposes of reference Staph.aureus in the hospital records was defined as " a typical pigmented staphylococcal colony which shows haemolysis on a blood agar plate."One should empha- size that there were two sorts of investigation going on at the same time: (1) into the records of the hospital and (2) from direct personal observations.
Buttock Placement of the Implantable Pulse Generator: A New Implantation Technique for Sacral Neuromodulation &amp;ndash; A Multicenter Study
Authors: W.A. Scheepens, E.H.J. Weil, G.A. van Koeveringe, D. Rohrmann, H.E.M. Hedlund, B. Schurch, E. Ostardo, M. Pastorello, C. Ratto, J. Nordling, Ph.E.V. van Kerrebroeck
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Platelet-derived growth factor plays a critical role to convert bone marrow cells into glomerular mesangial-like cells
Authors: Akira Suzuki, Hirotsugu Iwatani, Takahito Ito, Enyu Imai, Masaru Okabe, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Yoshitaka Isaka, Masaya Yamato, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
P170 Changes in the epidemiology of lung cancer in a hospital in London, UK between 2000 and 2012: Abstract P170 Table 1
Authors: K Ward, D Rao, SS Birring, R Lal, S Desai, S Ahmad, S Pomplun, J Kelly, I Atuchar, RD Barker
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Changes in the epidemiology of lung cancer could have important implications for treatment and prognosis. International studies have suggested adiminishing gap between the incidence of lung cancer in men and women and an increasing proportion of adenocarcinomas.<sup>1</sup> We examined our own cohort of patients from a teaching hospital in south London UK to see whether these observations could be replicated. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients with suspected intra-thoracic malignancy were logged in a bespoke database. Relevant parameters were recorded. Data items were defined according to the specifications of the Lucada dataset. Stage was coalesced into “Early” (1–2a), “locally advanced” (3a, 3b) and advanced (4). Analysis was restricted to the major cell types squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, small cell and probable lung cancer unknown histology, first seen between January 1st 2000 and January 1st 2012. We analysed age, sex, histological cell type, stage and performance status by epoch. The results were tabulated and examined visually and using the chi-square test. Age was examined using one-way Anova. We used SPSS for MAC V19. <h3>Results</h3> One thousand three hundred and fifty patients met the entry criteria. Variables were distributed as follows; 839 men (62%), median age 71 years (inter quartile range 61–78), squamous cell 474 (35%), adenocarcinoma 404(30%), small cell (12%), probable cancer unconfirmed histologically 307(23%). early stage 234 (17%), locally advanced 366 (27%), advanced 620 (46%), not staged 130 (10%). Performance status 0–262 (19%), 1–38829(%), 2–290 (21%), 3–213 (16%), 4–111 (8%), not staged 86 (6%). The proportion of patients with squamous cell carcinoma decreased from 47% to 24% and the proportion with adenocarcinoma increased from 21% to 45% (p&lt;0.001). The proportion of patients with lung cancer who were women rose from 28% to 44% (p=0.02). No temporal changes were seen in the other variables. <h3>Discussion</h3> There have been dramatic changes in the epidemiology of lung cancer in our hospital over a 12 year period. The significance of these changes for treatment and prognosis should be explored. Devesa SS, Bray F, Vizcaino AP, Parkin DM. International lung cancer trends by histologic type: Male: Female differences diminishing and adenocarcinoma rates rising. <i>International Journal of Cancer</i> 2005; 117(2):294–99.
Function of Pulmonary Neuronal M<sub>2</sub> Muscarinic Receptors in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: LING SAI ON, PETCHARA BOONYONGSUNCHAI, SAMANTHA WEBB, LISA DAVIES, PETER M. A. CALVERLEY, RICHARD W. COSTELLO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Anticholinergic drugs often cause a considerable degree of bronchodilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary neuronal M2 muscarinic receptors function to limit the magnitude of vagally induced bronchoconstriction. We hypothesized that the effectiveness of anticholinergic agents in patients with COPD may reflect increased vagal reactivity due to dysfunction of M2 muscarinic receptors. The function of M2 receptors and the magnitude of vagally induced bronchoconstriction were assessed in subjects with normal lung function and in subjects with COPD. A nasal cold dry air challenge was used to induce a bronchoconstriction, measured as a change in airway resistance (Raw) at 5 Hz (R5) using impulse oscillometry. In subjects with COPD R5 rose from 0.68 ± 0.06 to 0.74 ± 0.07 kPa/L/s after the cold dry air challenge (p < 0.01) and in the control subjects R5 rose from 0.34 ± 0.03 to 0.39 ± 0.03 kPa/L/s (p < 0.01). The bronchoconstriction was inhibited by pretreatment with ipratropium bromide, indicating that it was vagally mediated. In both groups of subjects pretreatment with the selective M2 muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine (5 mg/ml) prevented the cold air–induced bronchoconstriction, indicating normal function of M2 receptors. These studies indicate that M2 muscarinic receptors are functional in subjects with stable COPD.
Vitamin C and the elderly.
Authors: J. C. Brocklehurst, L. L. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (1969)

JOURNAfants and adults who were taking ampicillin, but no detectable amounts of ampicillin were found after chromatography. Marked Variations in Serum Bilirubin LevelsBetween Spectrophotometric and Diazo- coupling Methods when Applied to Serum from One Premature Infant on Ampicillin 50 mg.(Twice Daily)
Afghanistan conflict sees sharp rise in child and civilian casualties
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Civilian casualties in Afghanistan increased by nearly a third in the first six months of the year compared with last year, according to a report by the United Nations.

The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan said that 1271 civilians were killed and 1997 were wounded, with insurgent groups blamed for 76% of such casualties. The number of deaths and injuries to children were up by 55%, with 176 killed and 389 wounded.

The assistance mission said there were two main reasons for the increase in civilian casualties: firstly, anti-government elements used a greater number of larger and more sophisticated improvised explosive devices throughout the country; and secondly, the number of civilians assassinated and executed by anti-government forces rose by more than …
In Utero Exchange Transfusion by Direct Intravascular Injection in Severe Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Authors: Peter A. Grannum, Joshua A. Copel, Steven C. Plaxe, Angela L. Scioscia, John C. Hobbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

TRADITIONALLY, attempts to give transfusions to severely affected isoimmunized fetuses have involved the intraperitoneal injection of packed red cells.1 2 3 The success of this procedure depends on absorption of the blood through the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic vessels of the fetus. Since there may be erratic and inconsistent absorption in severely hydropic fetuses, Rodeck et al.4 , 5 instituted fetoscopically directed simple intravascular transfusion.With direct access to the fetal circulation through the umbilical vein, one can determine the extent of fetal anemia and deposit red cells directly into fetal vessels, circumventing the problems of unpredictable absorption from the peritoneal cavity. In addition, the hematocrit . . .
Inhibitory effects of trolox-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles on tert-butylhydroperoxide induced RAW264.7 apoptosis
Authors: Lu Han, Li-Bo Du, Anil Kumar, Hong-Ying Jia, Xing-Jie Liang, Qiu Tian, Guang-Jun Nie, Yang Liu
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Abstract 5525: Development of novel high-throughput screening assay system for exploring EMT inhibitors.
Authors: Kazuya Arai, Ruriko Sakamoto, Manabu Itoh, Hiromi Miura, Manami Shimomura, Tetsuya Nakatsura
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: EMT (Epitherial-Mesenchymal transition) is a significant event in tumor metastasis and malignancy. Cancer cells are stimulated by EMT-inducible agonists from the surrounding stromal cells, and cause transformation such as weakening of cell-cell adhesion and the accompanying acceleration of cell migration and invasion. Inhibition of EMT is considered to enable controlling of malignant transformation. In this study, we developed a high-throughput assay system of EMT inhibitor screen in 3D cell culture. Method: We adopted 3D cell culture method on NanoCulture® Plate (NCP), a scaffold type spheroid culture plate, as a culture method which can confirm spheroid morphologies. TGF-β and its inhibitor, SB431542, were used as an EMT inducer and as a positive control for EMT inhibitor, respectively. Expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and zeb-1, represent EMT maker genes, were evaluated by qRT-PCR. As hypoxia inside the spheroids reflected the spheroid size and cell-cell adhesion strength, we visualized the intra-spheroid hypoxia, and used it as an indicator for EMT induction and inhibition. Result: A549 cell spheroids gradually collapsed, by the weakening of cell-cell adhesion, and cells migrating out from the spheroids, by treating with TGF-β. This collapse of the spheroids was inhibited by SB431542 treatment. SB431542 treatment also accompanied inhibition of E-cadherin down-regulation, and N-cadherin, vimentin and zeb-1 up-regulation. These results indicate that this method is clearly reproducing EMT and its inhibition. And we elucidated that intra-spheroid hypoxicity was closely correlated with spheroid morphology. From this, it is demonstrated that this method is simple but high-precision assay. Conclusion: We developed a high-throughput assay system for EMT inhibitor screen, by evaluating intra-spheroid hypoxicity as an indicator for alternation of the spheroid morphology. This method is an unique method which enables to evaluate EMT condition, by monitoring the collapse of spheroids directly. We are now running a screen for EMT inhibitor candidate compounds, by using this assay system. Citation Format: Kazuya Arai, Ruriko Sakamoto, Manabu Itoh, Hiromi Miura, Manami Shimomura, Tetsuya Nakatsura. Development of novel high-throughput screening assay system for exploring EMT inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5525. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5525
Levels of circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and eosinophils increase upon acute psychosocial stress in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Gerhard Schmid-Ott, Burkard Jaeger, Christiane Adamek, Heidrun Koch, Friedhelm Lamprecht, Alexander Kapp, Thomas Werfel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
TEMPORARY CLEARING OF A CATARACTOUS LENS.
Authors: HIRAM WOODS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The writings of Risley, Jackson, de Schweinitz, Weeks, Knapp, Pyle and others, have introduced into the management of partial lens opacities considerations which make the old and easy classification of incipient and ripe cataracts unsatisfactory to the observer, and unjust or cruel to the patient. A few clinical truths seem to have been firmly established. We know that the situation of early opacities is of prognostic importance; that senility is neither the only nor the most important factor in etiology of so-called primary senile cataract; that the uveal tract, especially the choroid, should be minutely studied; that "spontaneous cures" now and then occur from absorption, with or without capsule puncture, or from luxation; that hygienic, optical and medicinal care are of importance, and seem to retard progress of lens-clouding: that ripening operations are unreliable, and probably entirely unnecessary; that if the opacity interferes with vision to a great degree, and
Efficacy of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Primary Humoral Immunodeficiency Disease
Authors: CHARLOTTE CUNNINGHAM-RUNDLES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Twenty-one patients with primary humoral immunodeficiency were treated for 1 year with a chemically intact immunoglobulin, 300 mg/kg body weight given intravenously every 3 weeks, to compare immunoglobulin levels and clinical status with results achieved after standard treatment with intramuscular immunoglobulin given previously for 1 year. A substantial reduction of specific acute illnesses and antibiotic use was found for 18 of the 21 patients, particularly during the second 6 months of treatment. Average IgG levels before intravenous infusion were increased 243 mg/dL over previous intramuscular pre-injection levels. Adverse effects were recorded for 2.5% of infusions.
Comparison of five new antihistamines (H1-receptor antagonists) in patients with allergic rhinitis using nasal provocation studies and skin tests
Authors: J. van Steekelenburg, P. A. R. Clement, M. H. L. Beel
Journal: Allergy (2002)

It was the aim of the authors to compare all of the latest second-generation antihistamines and to see if there were significant differences in their efficacy. It is important for ENT specialists to know if these differences exist, as it is for general practitioners trying to choose between these drugs.In 12 confirmed grass pollen allergic patients the authors performed nasal smears to asses eosinophilia, histamine/grass pollen skin tests, and grass pollen nasal provocation tests. All tests were performed before and after administration of one of five different antihistamines (cetirizine, loratadine, ebastine, fexofenadine, mizolastine) or placebo. The order of administration of antihistamines and placebo was randomised, and patients were not aware of which drug they were given. A decrease in nasal eosinophilia (nasal smear), or nasal or skin reactivity (provocation tests) was looked for.A significant decrease in nasal eosinophilia was observed for all antihistamines but not for placebo. For the grass pollen nasal provocation tests, the decrease was significant for nasal blockage and sneezing; for rhinorrhea there was an insignificant decrease that was true for all antihistamines. A significant reduction in histamine/grass pollen skin test reactivity was also observed for all antihistamines, during an 8 h observation period. A significant difference in efficacy between the different antihistamines could not be found with any of the tests performed.For the newer nonsedating H1-antagonists there appears to be no clinically relevant differences in activities--at least not in our study. Preference of the patient may be the most important factor in making a choice between these drugs.
Eve Hammer (Moskovic)
Authors: Eleanor Moskovic
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Medical microbiologist who became a pioneer of hospital infection controlRobert Blowers had a lifelong interest in Staphylococcus aureus and hospital infection.From the mid-1950s onwards he produced a succession of publications on the prevention of hospital infections, particularly those following surgery.These ranged across the design of operating theatres, isolation rooms, and surgical clothing, and the prevention of the airborne spread of infection and clinical protocols for wound management.He co-produced the seminal textbook Hospital Infection: Causes and Prevention, which became the "bible" on infection control for nearly 20 years.In 1959 he was a key member of the Ministry of Health working group that produced a report on staphylococcal infections in hospitals.At a Department of Health workshop in December 2004, just a week before Robert's death, his major contribution was recalled by the department's inspector of microbiology and infection control, who had that week sent him a Christmas card with the message "you will be pleased to know that we are at last trying to implement your 1959 recommendations!"
Visual complications of mitral leaflet prolapse.
Authors: L A Wilson, P W Keeling, A D Malcolm, R W Russel, M M Webb-Peploe
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Four young women and six older men with mitral leaflet prolapse presented with visual disturbances consistent with embolism in the ophthalmic or posterior cerebral circulation. Cardiac arrhythmias were common, but these are rarely associated with focal ischaemia. The evidence that mitral leaflet prolapse caused the embolism in these patients is suggestive but not conclusive. Further studies are needed. All patients with acute cerebral or ocular ischaemia should undergo through cardiovascular assessment, which should include routine echocardiography.
TREATMENT OF LOOSE TEETH DUE TO INFLAMMATORY DEGENERATION OF THE GUMS AND ALVEOLAR PROCESS
Authors: JOSEPH HEAD
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The disease of pyorrhea alveolaris, in spite of its name, is not always associated with a flow of pus from the infected tooth-sockets. As a matter of fact, pus does not appear in 25 per cent of the cases. The main symptoms are inflammation of the peridental membrane, bleeding of the gums at the slightest touch and a tendency for the teeth to elongate and be sensitive to mastication. Finally, the gums separate from the roots of the teeth, forming pockets in which salivary calculus and infection cause such centers of irritation and disintegration that the destruction of the teeth involved is only, a question of time unless the tartar is removed from the roots, the mass of infection destroyed and the gums stimulated to reattach themselves to the roots of the teeth.  A single blind fistula from an infected root may cause the most profound nervous depression, which, being
Effect of Dual Atrioventricular Node Pathways on Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia
Authors: Zoltan Csanadi, George J. Klein, Raymond Yee, Ranjan K. Thakur, Huagui Li
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Dual atrioventricular (AV) node pathway physiology is frequently observed in patients with AV accessory pathways.To examine the implications of this, we identified 36 patients (19 men and 17 women; mean +/- SD age, 30 +/- 13 years) with both phenomena. The 36 patients had 48 accessory pathways. Twenty-seven patients had bidirectional and 9 had unidirectional accessory pathways. Of the 34 patients with inducible atrioventricular reentry, 17 used the slow and 11 used the fast anterograde AV node pathway exclusively during AV reentrant tachycardia, whereas 6 patients used both the fast and the slow AV node pathways. AV node reentrant tachycardia was inducible in addition to AV reentry in 7 patients. Both the cycle length and AH intervals were significantly longer during slow pathway-dependent (cycle length, 411 +/- 58 milliseconds [ms]; AH, 229 +/- 42 ms) than during fast pathway-dependent (cycle length, 322 +/- 40 ms; AH, 121 +/- 25 ms; P < .05) reentrant tachycardias. Two patients had only AV node reentrant tachycardia inducible despite the presence of the accessory pathway. Four patients with technically difficult accessory pathways were managed by AV node modification with slow pathway (3) or fast pathway (1) ablation. Three of them remained free of symptoms 7, 14, and 25 months after the procedure whereas 1 patient had recurrence of arrhythmia.AV reentrance with dual AV node pathways frequently depends exclusively on either the slow or the fast AV node pathway for clinical tachycardia. This may provide additional options for ablation in technically difficult cases when the accessory pathway is not otherwise problematic.
Glucagon and beta-blocker toxicity.
Authors: D E Ward, B Jones
Journal: BMJ (1976)

distended rectum was emptied manually.The limbs and jaw were hypotonic with absent jerks and normal sensation.The CSF protein was normal, and the serum potassium 1 8 mmol/l.Although 100 mmol intravenous and intra- gastric potassium was administered daily, it took 48 hours to raise the serum potassium to 2-5 mmol 1.He could breathe unaided after 36 hours.Recovery was uneventful.
Further Adventures of the Tubercle Bacillus
Authors: Kent A. Sepkowitz
Journal: JAMA (2000)

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ACETOPHENAZINE (TINDAL) AND THIOPROPAZATE (DARTAL) IN AMBULATORY PSYCHONEUROTIC PATIENTS
Authors: HARRY F. DARLING
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

Acetophenazine is compared with thiopropazate in its action on psychoneurotics. It was a more effective drug primarily because more patients could tolerate it due to a low incidence of parkinsonism. [SEE TABLE IN SOURCE PDF.] Drowsiness was its predominant side effect. Effective dose is roughly double that of thiopropazate.