tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What is a monophasic action potential?
Authors: A KADISH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

See article by Kondo et al.  [6]  (pages 635–644) in this issue .

One approach to developing better pharmacologic therapy for arrhythmias is to define the electrophysiologic mechanism for clinical rhythm disturbances. However, this approach is problematic, because extracellular electrograms do not provide precise information regarding the dispersion of repolarization or after-depolarizations. Floating microelectrodes have limitations in an experimental laboratory and are not widely applicable clinically. Thus, the ability to record monophasic action potentials (MAPs) using contact catheter electrodes in both experimental and clinical situations has raised the hope that cellular properties that are important in arrhythmogenesis can be identified reliably [1,2]. Indeed, several studies have suggested that the mechanism of clinical arrhythmias, such as right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia, can be determined based on monophasic action potential recordings [3,4]. However, there have been some basic questions regarding the mechanism of generation of MAPs that have not been resolved, and this has hampered the ability to fully interpret MAP recordings. The initial description of MAP was based on an in vivo contact electrode catheter, in which a recording is made between a distal tip that inactivates myocardium due to pressure and an indifferent electrode located several milliliters … 

*Tel.: +1 312 926 0630; fax: +1 312 926 0607. Email address: a-kadish{at}northwestern.edu
Trends in the Incidence of Myocardial Infarction and in Mortality Due to Coronary Heart Disease, 1987 to 1994
Authors: Wayne D. Rosamond, Lloyd E. Chambless, Aaron R. Folsom, Lawton S. Cooper, David E. Conwill, Limin Clegg, Chin-Hua Wang, Gerardo Heiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To clarify the determinants of contemporary trends in mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), we conducted surveillance of hospital admissions for myocardial infarction and of in-hospital and out-of-hospital deaths due to CHD among 35-to-74-year-old residents of four communities of varying size in the United States (a total of 352,481 persons in 1994). Between 1987 and 1994, we estimate that there were 11,869 hospitalizations for myocardial infarction (on the basis of 8572 hospitalizations sampled) and 3407 fatal coronary events (3023 sampled).
Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome caused by a novel splice site mutation in ABHD5
Authors: S. Badeloe, M. van Geel, I. Nagtzaam, M.E. Rubio-Gozalbo, R.L. Oei, P.M. Steijlen, M.A.M. van Steensel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome caused by a novel splice site mutation in ABHD5 Get access S. Badeloe, S. Badeloe Departments of DermatologyGROW Research School, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Van Geel, M. Van Geel Departments of DermatologyGROW Research School, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Nagtzaam, I. Nagtzaam Departments of DermatologyGROW Research School, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.E. Rubio‐Gozalbo, M.E. Rubio‐Gozalbo PediatricsLaboratory for Genetic Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Maastricht, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.L. Oei, R.L. Oei Departments of DermatologyGROW Research School, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.M. Steijlen, P.M. Steijlen Departments of DermatologyGROW Research School, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.A.M. Van Steensel M.A.M. Van Steensel Departments of DermatologyGROW Research School, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands Correspondence: M.A.M. van Steensel. E‐mail: mvst@sder.azm.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 158, Issue 6, 1 June 2008, Pages 1378–1380, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08544.x Published: 01 June 2008
Interstitial Accumulation of Na+ and K+ During Flush–Out and Cold Storage of Rat Livers: Implications for Graft Survival
Authors: Ying-hua Tian, Chifumi Fukuda, Martin K. Schilling
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Intracellular-type electrolyte solutions were introduced into organ preservation to prevent K+ efflux and Na+ and Cl- influx into cells and cell swelling during cold ischemia. We studied cation accumulation in the interstitial space by microdialysis, during rat liver cold storage and after flush-out with high-K+ and low-K+ solutions. The effect of Na+ and K+ on graft function and survival was studied in an isolated perfused liver model and an orthotopic transplantation model after rat liver storage in iso-osmolar high-K+ and low-K+ solutions. After 24 hours of cold ischemia [Na+]o dropped from 136 +/- 2 mmol/L to 91.8 +/- 1.1 mmol/L, and [K+]o increased from 5.9 +/- 0.1 mmol/L to 12.2 +/- 1.6 mmol/L (P < .001 vs. control). [Na+]o and [K+]o after flush-out did not equilibrate with [Na+]sol and [K+]sol after 24 hours of cold storage. Rat livers preserved in low-K+ solutions produced significantly more bile during isolated reperfusion and released less alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase into the reperfusion medium than high-K+ solutions. Rat liver survival after 14 hours of preservation was higher in low-K+ solutions (13 of 13) than in high-K+ solutions (7 of 13). Those studies indicate that during cold storage of rat livers, transmembraneous Na+-K+ sodium-potassium exchange might not follow the 3:2 stochiometry of a sole sodium-potassium exchange via Na+-K+ sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), and that low-K+ solutions might improve graft function and survival after rat liver preservation.
The subdivision of the T4 (CD4) subset on the basis of the differential expression of L-C/T200 antigens.
Authors: C E Rudd, C Morimoto, L L Wong, S F Schlossman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The T4 (CD4) subset of T lymphocytes has been subdivided into two major subsets, a suppressor/inducer subset (T4+,2H4+) and a helper subset (T4+,2H4-) on the basis of the differential expression of the L-C/T200 (CD45) antigens. The 2H4 antigen itself comprises at least three distinct polypeptides at 125,200, and 220 X 10(3) Mr, of which the 200 and 220 X 10(3) Mr polypeptides constitute the highest Mr isoforms of a pool of five distinct L-C/T200 antigens. The T4+,2H4+ subset expresses at least four of these isoforms at 180, 190, 200, and 220 X 10(3) on the cell surface, while the T4+,2H4- subset expresses only the 180 and 190 X 10(3) Mr forms. Pulse-chase analysis and endoglycosidase treatment revealed that the 125 X 10(3) Mr chain of the 2H4 antigen is nonglycosylated, while the 200 and 220 X 10(3) polypeptides are structurally related and derived by N- and O-linked glycosylation from two nascent subunits at 150 and 160 X 10(3) Mr. The function of the T4+,2H4+ subset could be blocked only by an antibody reactive with the L-C/T200 isoforms enriched with O-linked oligosaccharides at 200 and 220 X 10(3) Mr.
Effect of the Addition of Chemotherapy to Radiotherapy on Cognitive Function in Patients With Low-Grade Glioma: Secondary Analysis of RTOG 98-02
Authors: Roshan S. Prabhu, Minhee Won, Edward G. Shaw, Chen Hu, David G. Brachman, Jan C. Buckner, Keith J. Stelzer, Geoffrey R. Barger, Paul D. Brown, Mark R. Gilbert, Minesh P. Mehta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

The addition of PCV (procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine) chemotherapy to radiotherapy (RT) for patients with WHO grade 2 glioma improves progression-free survival (PFS). The effect of therapy intensification on cognitive function (CF) remains a concern in this population with substantial long-term survival.A total of 251 patients with WHO grade 2 glioma age ≥ 40 years with any extent of resection or age < 40 years with subtotal resection/biopsy were randomly assigned to RT (54 Gy) or RT plus PCV. We observed 111 patients age < 40 years with gross total resection. CF was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline and years 1, 2, 3, and 5.Overall, few patients experienced significant decline in MMSE score. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients experiencing MMSE score decline between the randomized study arms at any time point. Both study arms experienced a significant gain in average MMSE score longitudinally over time, with no difference between arms.The MMSE is a relatively insensitive tool, and subtle changes in CF may have been missed. However, the addition of PCV to RT did not result in significantly higher rates of MMSE score decline than RT alone through 5 years of follow-up. Patients in both randomly assigned arms experienced a statistically significant average MMSE score increase over time, with no difference between arms. The addition of PCV chemotherapy to RT improves PFS without excessive CF detriment over RT alone for patients with low-grade glioma.
Cross sectional study of reporting of epileptic seizures to general practitioners
Authors: J. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> Comparison of reporting of recent epileptic seizures by patients to a doctor and anonymously. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional study of patients with epilepsy by comparison of paired questionnaires. <b>Setting:</b> Rural and urban general practices in Norfolk. <b>Participants:</b> 122 patients aged over 16 years and able to self complete a questionnaire who were recruited by 31 general practitioners when attending for review of their epilepsy. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> The difference in reported occurrence of seizure to general practitioners and in a linked anonymous questionnaire. <b>Results:</b> 18 patients failed to report a seizure in the past year to their general practitioner (uncontrolled epilepsy). 40% (24/60) of people with epilepsy who anonymously reported a seizure in the past year held a driving licence, but only six revealed this to their general practitioner. The unemployment rate was 34%, substantially higher than the 9% in the general population. Measures of anxiety, depression, and stigmatisation were higher in patients with uncontrolled epilepsy. <b>Conclusions:</b> A significant proportion of patients with epilepsy underreport their seizures. Recognition of underreporting is important if patients are to benefit from adequate and appropriate treatment. General practitioners9 ability to treat epilepsy is hampered by their role in regulating the rights of epileptic patients to hold a driving licence or access certain occupations. <h3>Key messages</h3> People with epilepsy may be reluctant to report seizures to their general practitioners as epilepsy affects their eligibility for a driving licence and access to various employment and leisure activities In this study about a sixth of patients anonymously reported seizures in the past year which they had not revealed to their general practitioner 40% of patients who anonymously reported a seizure in the past year held a driving licence, but only a quarter of these admitted this to their general practitioner People who had had seizures in the past year were significantly more depressed and felt more stigmatised than those who had not had a seizure Underreporting of seizures has important consequences for treatment, and doctors need to put more effort into explaining this to patients
Placing Environmental Next-Generation Sequencing Amplicons from Microbial Eukaryotes into a Phylogenetic Context
Authors: Micah Dunthorn, Johannes Otto, Simon A. Berger, Alexandros Stamatakis, Frédéric Mahé, Sarah Romac, Colomban de Vargas, Stéphane Audic, BioMarKs Consortium, Alexandra Stock, Frank Kauff, Thorsten Stoeck
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Nucleotide positions in the hypervariable V4 and V9 regions of the small subunit (SSU)-rDNA locus are normally difficult to align and are usually removed before standard phylogenetic analyses. Yet, with next-generation sequencing data, amplicons of these regions are all that are available to answer ecological and evolutionary questions that rely on phylogenetic inferences. With ciliates, we asked how inclusion of the V4 or V9 regions, regardless of alignment quality, affects tree topologies using distinct phylogenetic methods (including PairDist that is introduced here). Results show that the best approach is to place V4 amplicons into an alignment of full-length Sanger SSU-rDNA sequences and to infer the phylogenetic tree with RAxML. A sliding window algorithm as implemented in RAxML shows, though, that not all nucleotide positions in the V4 region are better than V9 at inferring the ciliate tree. With this approach and an ancestral-state reconstruction, we use V4 amplicons from European nearshore sampling sites to infer that rather than being primarily terrestrial and freshwater, colpodean ciliates may have repeatedly transitioned from terrestrial/freshwater to marine environments.
Alcohol, Nutrient Intake, and Hypertension in US Adults
Authors: Harvey W. Gruchow
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Data from the first Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed with multivariate statistical techniques to determine whether there was evidence for a contributory role of alcohol in hypertension and to provide a suitable perspective on the importance of nutrient variables compared with other established risk factors for hypertension. The results of these analyses reaffirm the importance of alcohol and sodium intakes on blood pressures among US adults. Potassium (inversely) and phosphorus (directly) were also identified as important nutrient predictors of higher systolic blood pressure. Calcium intake was significantly related to systolic blood pressure only among nonwhite men and was not a significant predictor of systolic pressure overall. In addition, the results of the study reemphasized the paramount importance of age, race, and obesity in determining hypertension. Current nutrient intakes, by comparison, are relatively less important.
The constituents and mechanisms of generation of ‘endothelial cell—colony forming units’
Authors: Gareth J. Padfield, Abigail Short, Nicholas L. Mills, Kay Samuel, Marc Turner, David E. Newby, G. Robin Barclay, Olga Tura-Ceide
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

The formation of endothelial cell-colony forming units (EC-CFUs) is increased by vascular injury, although their function in vivo is unclear. We, therefore, examined the constituents of EC-CFUs and the mechanisms of their generation. We performed immunohistochemical characterization of EC-CFUs and their mononuclear precursors. Using fluorescent-activated cell sorting, we evaluated the capacity of mononuclear subpopulations to generate EC-CFUs, and monitored their migratory behaviour when co-incubated with EC-CFUs. Time-lapse microscopy was used to observe colony maturation. Cellular proliferation within EC-CFUs was assessed using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and anti-proliferative agents. EC-CFUs exhibited typical endothelial characteristics; however, several endothelial markers were weakly expressed or absent. Macrophage and lymphocyte antigens were intensely expressed. EC-CFUs readily incorporated BrdU, and failed to develop in the presence of anti-proliferative agents (P < 0.01; n = 12). Time-lapse microscopy demonstrated that the characteristic EC-CFU ‘spindle cells’ are not EC-CFU progeny, but are mononuclear cells migrating towards, and incorporating into colonies. Only CD14+ monocytes were necessary for EC-CFU formation. CD14 expression was progressively down-regulated during colony maturation (P < 0.001; n = 6). Although unable to generate EC-CFUs directly, CD34+ cells could differentiate into CD14+ cells and potentiate EC-CFU formation. EC-CFUs exhibit endothelial characteristics, but are predominantly CD14+ derived macrophages and are a potent stimulus for lymphocyte migration. Proliferation is necessary for EC-CFU generation; however, colony growth also occurs as a result of leucocyte migration. Although confirmatory in vivo studies are required, EC-CFU formation likely reflects leucocyte activation as a reparatory response to vascular denudation or tissue ischaemia.
Clinical Trials in Relapsed Prostate Cancer: Defining the Target
Authors: H. I. Scher, M. Mazumdar, W. K. Kelly
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

A re-examination of the methods of developing new treatments for patients with prostate cancer whose disease has progressed during hormone therapy is necessitated by the following: 1) the impact of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing on patient selection, 2) the increasing number of studies using noncytotoxic approaches, and 3) the lack of validated methods to report outcomes. PSA monitoring after primary therapy has increased the number of patients referred for therapy with a rising value in this marker or an asymptomatic change in a radionuclide bone scan as the only manifestation(s) of relapse. The development of drugs for this population of patients presents a unique challenge because the classical criterion used to assess efficacy in the phase II setting, i.e., the presence of objective changes in measurable disease sites, frequently does not apply. Since no approach has been proven to prolong survival, the highest priority must be placed on developing new therapies. Standardizing the methods for evaluating treatments is also essential so that promising strategies are pursued and inactive therapies are not developed further.
CD4-guided structured antiretroviral treatment interruption strategy in HIV-infected adults in west Africa (Trivacan ANRS 1269 trial): a randomised trial
Authors: Christine Danel, Raoul Moh, Albert Minga, Amani Anzian, Olivier Ba-Gomis, Constance Kanga, Gustave Nzunetu, Delphine Gabillard, François Rouet, Souleymane Sorho, Marie-Laure Chaix, Serge Eholié, Hervé Menan, Delphine Sauvageot, Emmanuel Bissagnene, Roger Salamon, Xavier Anglaret
Journal: The Lancet (2006)
Late Arterial Responses (6 and 12 Months) After <sup>32</sup> P β-Emitting Stent Placement
Authors: Andrew Farb, Sweta Shroff, Michael John, William Sweet, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (2001)

pick;5248p1-foo;0;;clb/clb&gt;Background —Three-month studies of stent-delivered brachytherapy in the rabbit model show reduced neointimal growth. However, intimal healing is delayed, raising the possibility that intimal inhibition is merely delayed rather than prevented. The purpose of this study was to explore the long-term histological changes after placement of β-emitting radioactive stents in normal rabbit iliac arteries. Methods and Results —Three-millimeter β-emitting 32 P stents (6, 24, and 48 μCi) were placed in normal rabbit iliac arteries with nonradioactive stents as controls. Animals were euthanatized at 6 and 12 months, and histological assessment, morphometry, and analysis of endothelialization were performed. Morphometric measurements demonstrated a &gt;50% reduction in intimal growth and percent lumen stenosis within 24- and 48-μCi stents versus control nonradioactive stents at both 6 and 12 months. However, the 24- and 48-μCi stents also showed delayed healing of the intimal surface, characterized by persistent fibrin thrombus with nonconfluent areas of matrix, incomplete endothelialization, and increased intimal cellular proliferation. Stent edge stenosis was present at 12 months in the 24- and 48-μCi stent groups, characterized by both intimal thickening and negative arterial remodeling. Conclusions —Inhibition of intimal growth is maintained 6 and 12 months after 32 P β-emitting stent placement. However, delayed arterial healing, incomplete endothelialization, and edge effects are present.
High Plasma Level of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is an Independent Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cheng Chen, Bernard M.Y. Cheung, Annette W.K. Tso, Yudong Wang, Lawrence S.C. Law, Kwok Leung Ong, Nelson M.S. Wat, Aimin Xu, Karen S.L. Lam
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To investigate whether circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which previously has been shown to be elevated in obesity, could predict the development of type 2 diabetes in a 5.4-year, population-based, prospective study.Baseline plasma FGF21 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 1,900 subjects from the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study (CRISPS). The prospective association of FGF21 with diabetes development over 5.4 years was analyzed using multiple logistic regression.At baseline, plasma levels of FGF21 increased progressively with worsening dysglycemia from normal glucose tolerance, through prediabetes, to diabetes (global trend, P < 0.001). Of 1,292 subjects without diabetes at baseline, a high baseline FGF21 level was a strong independent predictor for diabetes development (odds ratio 1.792; P < 0.01), together with waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose levels.Plasma FGF21 levels were significantly increased in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes and predicted the development of diabetes in humans.
681 HCV NS3/4A-MEDIATED CCL2 AND TNFA SECRETION INCREASE HEPATOCYTE SURVIVAL AND LIVER REGENERATION IN VIVO
Authors: E.D. Brenndörfer, M. Weiland, L. Frelin, E. Derk, G. Ahlen, J.G. Bode, M. Sällberg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Does the HLA-DRB1-genotype influence the course of disease in Danish sarcoidosis patients?
Authors: Nils Milman, Thomas van Overeem Hansen, Michael Skov Jensen, Claus Bo Svendsen, Klaus Richter Larsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: The MHC class II region plays an important role in sarcoidosis, due to modulation of the immune response. HLA-DRB1*15 is associated with non-resolving disease in Swedish sarcoidosis patients (Grunewald et al. Respiratory Research 2010, 11:25). We evaluated the influence of the DRB1-genotype in Danish sarcoidosis patients.

Subjects and methods: DRB1-genotyping was performed by PCR in 85 ethnic Danish sarcoidosis patients (52 men). Age at diagnosis was median 34 years (range 1-72). The follow-up period was median 37 months (range 0-516).

Results: The prevalence of DRB1*01 was lower (p=0.0040) and the prevalence of DRB1*15 higher (p=0.00006) in sarcoidosis patients compared to controls. At follow-up, DRB1*07 was associated with a significantly lower frequency of non-resolving disease >2 years, whereas DRB1*15 was associated with a significantly higher frequency of non-resolving disease.

View this table:

Table 1. Course of sarcoid disease according to DRB1-genotypes





However, there were no significant differences between the DRB1-genotype groups concerning lung function tests (FEV1%, FVC%, DLCO% predicted) and chest X-ray stages according to Scadding.

Conclusions: We have no biochemical markers of sarcoidosis. When the diagnosis has been confirmed, the DRB1-genotype may be used to predict the course of disease. In contrast to Swedish studies we found that DRB1*07 was associated with resolving disease, while our results confirmed the established association between DRB1*15 and non-resolving disease.