tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA07: Genetic predispositions to pediatric cancers
Authors: Mignon L. Loh
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Fortunately, childhood cancer remains a rare entity in the United States, with only 13,500 new cancers diagnosed per year in patients under the age of 19 years. However, an important component of the workup for the child who presents with cancer is obtaining a detailed family history of malignancy, which may provide clues to the frequently asked question posed by parents about “How did this happen to us?” Correctly identifying families who suffer from cancer predisposition syndromes provides critically important information for affected family members with respect to future prevention and screening. In addition, certain congenital syndromes are associated with an increased risk of malignancy and the altered genes identified in these syndromes have provided important clues about the pathogenesis of human cancer and cellular functions, which have also provided opportunities to identify new therapeutic approaches. This education session will provide a broad overview of the most common familial cancer risk syndromes that practicing oncologists should be familiar with as well as the types of cancers that most frequently occur in children with common congenital syndromes. In addition, emerging targeted therapeutic options will be discussed, where relevant. Citation Format: Mignon L. Loh. Genetic predispositions to pediatric cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr IA07.
At the Epicentre: Hong Kong and the SARS Outbreak
Authors: Josephine Querido
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2004)

Published a year after the devastating SARS outbreak in Hong Kong—described by some as Hong Kong's 9/11—this book takes a look at various different aspects of the 21st century's first new infectious disease. What actually happened in those first few weeks as the epidemic unfolded?
Gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics
Authors: WILLIAM A STACK, CHRISTOPHER J HAWKEY
Journal: Gut (1997)

Gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics. Friedman G, Jacobson ED, McCallum RW. (Pp 930; illustrated; $183.00.) Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997. ISBN 0-397-51625-8.

Considering the major advances in gastrointestinal therapeutics in recent years, it is timely that a new book dedicated to gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics should be published. Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics consists of 59 chapters divided into 15 sections on all aspects of gastrointestinal pharmacology. In fact, there is considerable emphasis on gastrointestinal pathophysiology so the book could easily be called Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics . It is written almost exclusively (apart from a token European), by American based gastroenterologists and pharmacologists and thus has quite an American feel to it.

The opening chapter discusses the fundamentals of gastrointestinal pharmacology. In other general pharmacology text books the section mainly dealing with pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics is generally avoided by students in …
Localization of an autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa gene to chromosome 7q
Authors: Siobhán A. Jordan, G. Jane Farrar, Paul Kenna, Marian M. Humphries, Denise M. Sheils, Rajendra Kumar-Singh, Elizabeth M. Sharp, Nuria Soriano, Carmen Ayuso, Javier Benitez, Peter Humphries
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Impact of diabetes on coronary remodeling in patients with acute coronary syndromes: An intravascular ultrasound study
Authors: Andrea S. Abizaid, Roxana Mehran, Gary S. Mintz, Alexandre A. Abizaid, George Dangas, Alexandra J. Lansky, Michael Farkouh, Milena G. Adamian, Eve D. Aymong, Manuela Negoita, Izat Hjazi, Costantino Costantini, Yoshio Kobayashi, Jeffrey W. Moses, Gregg W. Stone, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Retinoids activate the irritant receptor TRPV1 and produce sensory hypersensitivity
Authors: Shijin Yin, Jialie Luo, Aihua Qian, Junhui Du, Qing Yang, Shentai Zhou, Weihua Yu, Guangwei Du, Richard B. Clark, Edgar T. Walters, Susan M. Carlton, Hongzhen Hu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Retinoids are structurally related derivatives of vitamin A and are required for normal vision as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. Clinically, retinoids are effective in treating many skin disorders and cancers. Application of retinoids evokes substantial irritating side effects, including pain and inflammation; however, the precise mechanisms accounting for the sensory hypersensitivity are not understood. Here we show that both naturally occurring and synthetic retinoids activate recombinant or native transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), an irritant receptor for capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of chili peppers. In vivo, retinoids produced pain-related behaviors that were either eliminated or significantly reduced by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 function. These findings identify TRPV1 as an ionotropic receptor for retinoids and provide cellular and molecular insights into retinoid-evoked hypersensitivity. These findings also suggest that selective TRPV1 antagonists are potential therapeutic drugs for treating retinoid-induced sensory hypersensitivity.
Self-Monitored Blood Glucose in Pregnant Women Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Paquita Montaner, Rosa Domınguez, Rosa Corcoy
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Comment -I interpret these results to support the recommendation of both the American Kidney Foundation and the American Diabetes Association that ACR can be used instead of a timed collection.Timed collections, 24 h or otherwise, are very inconvenient and often not collected accurately.Since albumin excretion is highly variable from day to day (up to 25%), a repeat ACR to fulfill the criterion of two of three positive values within a 3-to 6-month period as recommended for the diagnosis of microalbuminuria would very likely have reduced the false-positive rate of 6%.Mogensen CE: Microalbuminuria predicts clinical proteinuria and early mortality in maturity-onset diabetes.
TCT-758 Percutaneous Thrombectomy with Right Coronary Judkins 8 French Guide Catheter for the Treatment of High Risk Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Hugo Gutierrez Leonard, Jose Luis Ojeda Delgado, L.E. Berumen Dominguez, M. Rodriguez Regino, Violeta Valencia Santoyo, M.A. Ramirez Aldaraca, V.M. Diaz de Anda, Carlos Vonderwalde
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Disseminated Visceral Kaposi's Sarcoma
Authors: John H. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A rare neoplasm, disseminated visceral Kaposi's sarcoma, appeared rapidly during the late rejection of a homograft kidney in a 35-year-old Negro woman. No evidence of tumor was present in the recipient prior to transplantation, and postmortem examination of the donor also revealed no neoplasia. Some features of Kaposi's sarcoma suggest its similarity to neoplasms of the Burkitt's type. It appears possible that immunosuppressant therapy may have permitted the development of this tumor in a transplant recipient.
Clinical Implications of Recent Findings from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) and Other Studies of Hypertension
Authors: Curt D. Furberg, Bruce M. Psaty, Marco Pahor, Michael H. Alderman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Several recent comparative trials in hypertension have reported that similar blood pressure reductions may not necessarily translate into similar reductions in risk for cardiovascular complications. Thus, the method used to lower blood pressure may be important. In the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment To Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), low-dose chlorthalidone as the first-line drug was superior to doxazosin. The 25% higher risk for major cardiovascular events associated with doxazosin was attributed primarily to a doubling in the risk for heart failure. A meta-analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suggested that despite achieving similar blood pressure reductions, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are superior to other antihypertensive drugs in reducing the risk for acute myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events, but not stroke. Although individual comparative trials have failed to show conclusively that calcium-channel blockers differ from other antihypertensive drugs, a meta-analysis that included all published trials concluded that calcium-channel blockers are inferior to other classes of drugs in reducing the risk for acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. These observations suggest not only that antihypertensive drugs may have important mechanisms of action apart from blood pressure lowering but also that effective treatment is not a matter of simply lowering blood pressure. These findings have potential implications for the regulatory approval of antihypertensive agents, revisions of treatment guidelines, the design of future randomized trials comparing different antihypertensive drugs and, most important, the selection of drugs for the treatment of hypertensive patients.
Book Review Bailey and Love's Short Practice of Surgery 21st edition. Edited by Charles V. Mann and R.C.G. Russell. 1519 pp., illustrated. New York, Chapman and Hall, 1992. $85.95. ISBN 0–442–31584–8 . (Distributed in the U.S. by Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.)
Authors: Lawrence W. Norton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Recommendations from the iSBTc-SITC/FDA/NCI Workshop on Immunotherapy Biomarkers
Authors: Lisa H. Butterfield, A. Karolina Palucka, Cedrik M. Britten, Madhav V. Dhodapkar, Leif Håkansson, Sylvia Janetzki, Yutaka Kawakami, Thomas-Oliver Kleen, Peter P. Lee, Cristina Maccalli, Holden T. Maecker, Vernon C. Maino, Michele Maio, Anatoli Malyguine, Giuseppe Masucci, Graham Pawelec, Douglas M. Potter, Licia Rivoltini, Lupe G. Salazar, Dolores J. Schendel, Craig L. Slingluff, Wenru Song, David F. Stroncek, Hideaki Tahara, Magdalena Thurin, Giorgio Trinchieri, Sjoerd H. van Der Burg, Theresa L. Whiteside, Jon M. Wigginton, Francesco Marincola, Samir Khleif, Bernard A. Fox, Mary L. Disis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

To facilitate development of innovative immunotherapy approaches, especially for treatment concepts exploiting the potential benefits of personalized therapy, there is a need to develop and validate tools to identify patients who can benefit from immunotherapy. Despite substantial effort, we do not yet know which parameters of antitumor immunity to measure and which assays are optimal for those measurements.The iSBTc-SITC (International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer-Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer), FDA (Food and Drug Administration), and NCI (National Cancer Institute) partnered to address these issues for immunotherapy of cancer. Here, we review the major challenges, give examples of approaches and solutions, and present our recommendations.Although specific immune parameters and assays are not yet validated, we recommend following standardized (accurate, precise, and reproducible) protocols and use of functional assays for the primary immunologic readouts of a trial; consideration of central laboratories for immune monitoring of large, multi-institutional trials; and standardized testing of several phenotypic and functional potential potency assays specific to any cellular product. When reporting results, the full QA (quality assessment)/QC (quality control) should be conducted and selected examples of truly representative raw data and assay performance characteristics should be included. Finally, to promote broader analysis of multiple aspects of immunity, and gather data on variability, we recommend that in addition to cells and serum, RNA and DNA samples be banked (under standardized conditions) for later testing. We also recommend that sufficient blood be drawn to allow for planned testing of the primary hypothesis being addressed in the trial, and that additional baseline and posttreatment blood is banked for testing novel hypotheses (or generating new hypotheses) that arise in the field.
Dissecting the functional role of different isoforms of the L-type Ca2+ channel
Authors: Emmanuel Bourinet, Matteo E. Mangoni, Joël Nargeot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

There currently exist a great number of different mouse lines in which the activity of a particular gene of interest has been inactivated or enhanced. However, it is also possible to insert specific mutations in a gene so that the pharmacological sensitivity of the gene product is altered. An example of such an approach shows how the abolition of the sensitivity of an L-type Ca(2+) channel isoform to dihydropyridines allows the investigation of the physiological role of these channels in different tissues.
Nodular Granulomatous Perifolliculitis
Authors: Donald E. Hazelrigg
Journal: JAMA (1975)

INFECTION with<i>Trichophyton rubrum</i>, a common dermatophyte, is most often a chronic infection of the feet and toenails. However, occasionally T<i>rubrum</i>infections may produce atypical clinical manifestations that may mimic other cutaneous diseases. A rarely reported manifestation of T<i>rubrum</i>infection is nodular granulomatous perifolliculitis (NGP), which may be easily misdiagnosed. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old man was seen in December 1973 for evaluation of nodular lesions of three months' duration on the extensorsurface of his left wrist. The lesions had gradually developed during the preceding summer, at which time the patient had worn a leather watchband (approximately 5 cm wide) that completely occluded the area in which the eruption had developed. Except for being occasionally pruritic, the nodules were otherwise asymptomatic. There was no history of skin lesions in the involved area nor of similar cutaneous lesions present elsewhere. The patient did however have a history of
Medicine and Government
Authors: Rashi Fein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Among the glories of modern medical education are the extraordinary facilities available for research. I am therefore somewhat embarrassed to report that the research for these remarks was done at home, at my breakfast table. The two daily newspapers delivered to my front steps, lawn, or driveway every morning served as my sources. Newspapers are educational: on the so-called "comic pages," I learn about medicine from Rex Morgan, M.D., about law from Judge Parker, and about politics from Doonesbury. Over the past three or four weeks, I have also learned about this year's commencement addresses. On the basis of my . . .
Isolated hepatocytes: use in experimental and clinical hepatology.
Authors: A J Strain
Journal: Gut (1994)

Isolated hepatocytes: use in experimental and clinical hepatologyIt is now over 25 years since Howard and Pesch first used collagenase to disaggregate adult liver tissue, with the resultant successful isolation of viable and functional hepatocytes.'Before that, numerous mechanical and enzymatic ways of disrupting liver tissue had been used, with a limited degree of success only.Alternatives such as the use of tissue slices or explant organ cultures were also unsatisfactory and of only limited use.Then Berry and Friend introduced a major development when they described the first liver perfusion procedure.2This led to a considerably improved viability of hepatocytes and a yield that was estimated to comprise up to 50% of the original tissue.Although many investigators subsequently reported modi- fications, it is Seglen, in a series of meticulous studies, who is largely credited with substantially refining the technique and establishing the so called two step collagenase perfusion technique3 which has become the 'standard' protocol for many thousands of investigators.This technique involves perfusing the liver with a divalent cation free buffer, effectively loosening the desmosome and hemi-desmosome junctions between the adjacent cells and extracellular matrix.This is followed by proteolytic digestion of the matrix with collagenase, and careful maintenance of the temperature, pH, and oxygenation.This procedure results in complete disaggregation of the parenchymal tissue without the mech- anical disruption which is so detrimental to the viability of hepatocytes.The capsule can then be removed and the hepatocytes simply shaken out into the medium, yielding cells with consistently high viability and purity.This commentary does not aim to review the methodology, since this has been achieved in an excellent comprehensive monograph,4 but to discuss interesting recent developments and their impact on experimental and clinical hepatology.These developments now enable investigators to isolate hepatocytes from numerous species, including man, to isolate cells from small biopsy sized fragments of liver, and to maintain them under various conditions in vitro for pro- longed periods without loss of differentiated phenotype.These improvements have opened the way for extensive in vitro studies of liver growth, metabolism, and toxicology and on July 26, 2023 by guest.
<i>JAK2</i>V617F Mutation in Unexplained Loss of First Pregnancy
Authors: Eric Mercier, Géraldine Lissalde-Lavigne, Jean-Christophe Gris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

diffuse uptake in the left anterior mediastinal pleura and two foci of pleural uptake in the paraaortic and left bronchial regions (Fig. 1B).The patient received chemotherapy with pemetrexed (an inhibitor of folate synthesis) plus carboplatin.After two courses of therapy, a second 11 C-labeled methionine PET CT study showed very little uptake of the radiopharmaceutical agent (Fig. 1C).The detectable 11 C-labeled methionine uptake in a patient with malignant pleural mesothelioma who had an otherwise negative FDG-PET CT evaluation and the early reduction of this uptake during treatment suggest that metabolic imaging with 11 C-labeled methionine could be an alternative for the metabolic measurement of malignant pleural mesothelioma in patients with negative findings on FDG-PET scans.
Severe hyperkalaemia and ketoacidosis during routine treatment with an insulin pump.
Authors: G Knight, A M Jennings, A J Boulton, S Tomlinson, J D Ward
Journal: BMJ (1985)

During a feasibility study of the use of insulin pumps to treat diabetes ketoacidosis occurred at a rate of 0.14 episodes/patient/year in the first year but was lower in subsequent years. A case of cardiac arrest secondary to hyperkalaemia during ketoacidosis occurred in a patient treated with a pump. The mean (SD) serum potassium concentration on presentation to hospital with ketoacidosis was significantly higher in patients treated with a pump (5.7 (1.1) mmol(mEq)/l) than those treated with conventional injections of insulin (4.9(0.9) mmol/l; p less than 0.01). The high rate of ketoacidosis and raised serum potassium concentrations during treatment with the pump creates doubt about the use of this treatment as an alternative regimen for large numbers of patients in a busy diabetic clinic.
Infantile Agammaglobulinemia and Immediate Hypersensitivity to Penicillin G
Authors: Mitchell Ganier
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A case of X-linked infantile agammaglobulinemia with preserved synthesis of IgE and resultant normal serum levels of IgE is described. The patient had manifestations of atopy and an anaphylactic reaction following the administration of penicillin G. Because he had multiple respiratory tract infections with Gram-positive organisms and did not respond adequately to prophylactic gamma-globulin administration, penicillin therapy was deemed desirable. Therefore, after successful desensitization, therapy with prophylactic ampicillin was started with a resultant decrease in both number and severity of infections.
Occupational IgE‐mediated asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and contact urticaria caused by Easter lily (<i>Lilium longiflorum</i>) and tulip
Authors: P Piirilä, L Kanerva, K Alanko, T Estlander, H Keskinen, M Pajari‐Backas, and, M Tuppurainen
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background : We report on IgE‐mediated asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and contact urticaria to two Liliaceae plants, tulip and Easter lily ( Lilium longiflorum ), diagnosed in a floral shop worker. Methods : Occupational asthma was diagnosed according to patient history, PEF monitoring, and a work‐simulating provocation test. Flower‐specific IgE was studied, and RAST inhibition tests were performed. Results : Skin prick testing showed positive reactions to tulip, Easter lily, and chrysanthemum. Total IgE was 180 kU/l, and specific IgE to tulip was 2.6 and to Easter lily 6.5 kU/l. In the RAST‐inhibition test, no cross‐reactivity was found. Occupational asthma was diagnosed by peak flow monitoring at work and at home, as well as specific inhalation challenge with Easter lily, with an immediate 18% reduction in PEF. In addition, contact urticaria and conjunctivitis were diagnosed. After a 9‐year follow‐up without exposure to lilies, the skin prick tests to L. longiflorum and tulip were still positive, but the specific IgE had disappeared. Conclusions : A case of IgE‐mediated occupational asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and contact urticaria caused by L. longiflorum and tulip is presented. RAST inhibition tests indicated concomitant sensitization to the two Liliaceae plants.
A Radiologist's Point of View
Authors: Marc J. Homer
Journal: JAMA (1981)

AFTER the clinician indicates the examination he wants on the x-ray requisition, there are four choices he has regarding what to do about the section of the form reserved for clinical information. This space will either (1) remain blank, (2) contain incorrect clinical information, (3) contain correct clinical information totally irrelevant to the examination being requested, or (4) contain information that is appropriate to the examination ordered. Having spent the last eight years as a radiologist in three different medical centers, seven community hospitals, and four private offices, it is apparent to me that the options chosen do not relate to the setting of either academia or private practice. It is a function of the individual rather than a function of the institution. Some physicians view the x-ray requisition as an order to the radiologist to perform a particular imaging procedure, and the radiologist's role is to perform the examination