tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Traffic Fatalities in NepalRESEARCH LETTERS
Authors: Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, Shinji Nakahara, Krishna C Poudel, Masao Ichikawa, Susumu Wakai
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Central sleep apnoea and inflammation are independently associated with arrhythmia in patients with heart failure
Authors: Kan Sano, Eiichi Watanabe, Junichiro Hayano, Yuuki Mieno, Yoshihiro Sobue, Mayumi Yamamoto, Tomohide Ichikawa, Hiroki Sakakibara, Kazuyoshi Imaizumi, Yukio Ozaki
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Z-DNA: a new twist in gene regulation?
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A DNA structure that was just an in vitro crystallographic curiosity two years ago when it was first announced may be a mechanism for regulating gene expression in a wide range of multicellular organisms. The work takes on medical interest with the recent finding of antibodies to the novel DNA structure, called "Z-DNA," in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The existence of Z-DNA was first reported in December 1979 by a team from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, and the University of Leiden, The Netherlands, headed by MIT professor of biochemistry Alexander Rich, PhD (<i>Nature</i>1979;282:680-686). They had been pursuing a problem important only to biochemistry insiders. The world in general was satisfied with the conclusion that DNA is found under all circumstances in the familiar right-handed double helix (called "B-DNA") whose structure was deciphered by Watson and Crick in 1953. But some scientists had discovered that the
Cough Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Revisited
Authors: Marc J. Girsky, John Michael Criley
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Femoral arterial pressure before and during induced ventricular fibrillation during implantable defibrillator threshold testing demonstrates control blood pressure (A); rapid, regular coughing (B); slower, irregular coughing (C); and no coughing (D).
Case 29-1982
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Charles Trey, Sara E. Kirkham, Christos A. Athanasoulis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Presentation of CaseA 43-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hepatomegaly and ascites.He was well until eight months earlier, when he underwent emotional stress on changing his job. During the next two months he gained 4 kg in weight, and his stools increased from one to four a day. Six months before admission he began to have intermittent midabdominal pain that occurred during exertion and after the ingestion of alcohol or rich foods and was relieved by defecation. Four months before entry a physician found that the abdomen was protuberant, but no fluid wave or hepatic . . .
Effects of Age on Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements of Healthy Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, Macula, and Optic Nerve Head
Authors: Kyung Rim Sung, Gadi Wollstein, Richard A. Bilonick, Kelly A. Townsend, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Larry Kagemann, Robert J. Noecker, James G. Fujimoto, Joel S. Schuman
Journal: Ophthalmology (2009)
CDC, Statistics Center Weather 'Marriage'
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

NEXT MONTH, the National Center for Health Statistics begins its fourth year as part of the CDC. Until June 1987, it was under the direct supervision of the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health (<i>JAMA</i>. 1988;259:336) in the Department of Health and Human Services. But it was argued that there ought to be a much closer relationship with the CDC, although the two agencies go about data collecting differently. "Of necessity," says Walter R. Dowdle, PhD, CDC deputy director, "ours is quick and dirty. We have to move fast, get what information we can rapidly on a disease outbreak, find out how extensive it is, and determine what might lead to identifying its cause." In regard to chronic disease, for example, he says, "the National Center for Health Statistics can more readily provide the data to show where interventions may be needed, and demonstrate their effectiveness." A number of
Practical Considerations of Venous Pressure
Authors: Hugh Hudson Hussey, Harold Jeghers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

CLINICAL interest in venous pressure has centered mainly on the alteration in its measurement in cases of heart disease.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 In this connection most of the literature on the subject is concerned with the utility of venous-pressure measurement in confirming the diagnosis and following the progress of congestive heart failure. In addition, in the past few years the results of studies of venous pressure in its relation to the mechanism of heart failure have provoked a lively debate. At the same time there have been noteworthy improvements in technic of measurement, as well as increasing awareness of the value of the . . .
A Tetracycline-Repressible Transactivator System to Study Essential Genes in Malaria Parasites
Authors: Paco Pino, Sarah Sebastian, EunBin Arin Kim, Erin Bush, Mathieu Brochet, Katrin Volkmann, Elyse Kozlowski, Manuel Llinás, Oliver Billker, Dominique Soldati-Favre
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)

A major obstacle in analyzing gene function in apicomplexan parasites is the absence of a practical regulatable expression system. Here, we identified functional transcriptional activation domains within Apicomplexan AP2 (ApiAP2) family transcription factors. These ApiAP2 transactivation domains were validated in blood-, liver-, and mosquito-stage parasites and used to create a robust conditional expression system for stage-specific, tetracycline-dependent gene regulation in Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium berghei, and Plasmodium falciparum. To demonstrate the utility of this system, we created conditional knockdowns of two essential P. berghei genes: profilin (PRF), a protein implicated in parasite invasion, and N-myristoyltransferase (NMT), which catalyzes protein acylation. Tetracycline-induced repression of PRF and NMT expression resulted in a dramatic reduction in parasite viability. This efficient regulatable system will allow for the functional characterization of essential proteins that are found in these important parasites.
Management of Diseases Without Current Treatment Options
Authors: Ava K. Kiser, Peter J. Pronovost
Journal: JAMA (2009)

After being diagnosed with a disabling, chronic disease, such as some retinal diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, there is nothing more disheartening than for the patient to hear that nothing can be done to treat it.Tragically, some diseases still lack a medical treatment to slow, stop, or reverse their course.In addition, even when therapy is available to treat a chronic disease, some patients are often left with distressing symptoms.Research to alleviate these symptoms has received relatively little attention, and physicians struggle with how to provide care for these patients.Studies are needed to understand and mitigate patients' disease-related symptoms that often result in significant distress, morbidity, and reduced quality of life.In this Commentary, we discuss research that is based on patient feedback and focused on investigating the concerns pertinent to patients.
Gastric and Splenic Visualization in Hepatic Artery Perfusion Scintigraphy (HAPS) Secondary to Aberrant Vascular Flow
Authors: Jason Kosove, Gary Greene
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 36-year-old woman with a history of colon cancer and liver metastases was receiving chemotherapy by direct hepatic artery infusion. Suspicion for inappropriate distribution of chemotherapeutic agent arose with development of gastric ulceration. A liver scan with SPECT imaging after infusion of 2.70 mCi of Tc-99m MAA into the hepatic artery catheter demonstrated radiotracer uptake in the liver, spleen, and stomach with a focal area of dense radiotracer uptake in the region of the proximal proper hepatic artery. The findings are consistent with thrombus in the proper hepatic artery and reversal of flow into the splenic and gastroduodenal arteries.
Small Intestinal Myeloid Metaplasia
Authors: Dafna Schreibman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Extramedullary hematopoiesis is rarely found in the gastrointestinal tract. A patient with postpolycythemic myeloid metaplasia who previously underwent splenectomy presented with recurrent, protracted gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. Elaborate workup failed to reveal the source of bleeding. Intraoperative endoscopy with transillumination disclosed multiple submucosal lesions along the entire small bowel, which proved to be extramedullary hematopoiesis. After institution of hydroxyurea therapy, the rate of bleeding diminished considerably. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:2580-2582)
Improved Perioperative Outcomes With Minimally Invasive Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: Hop S. Tran Cao, Nicole Lopez, David C. Chang, Andrew M. Lowy, Michael Bouvet, Joel M. Baumgartner, Mark A. Talamini, Jason K. Sicklick
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

IMPORTANCE Interest in minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy (MIDP) has grown in recent years, but currently available data are limited.Greater insight into application patterns and outcomes may be gained from a national database inquiry.OBJECTIVES To study trends in the use of MIDP and compare the short-term outcomes of MIDP with those of open distal pancreatectomy.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Population-based retrospective cohort study evaluating perioperative outcomes and hospital charge measures for distal pancreatectomy, comparing the surgical approaches and adjusting for patient-and hospital-level factors, among patients undergoing elective distal pancreatectomy from 1998 to 2009 in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample in a 20% stratified sample of all US hospitals. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESIn-hospital mortality, rates of perioperative complications and splenectomy, total charges, and length of stay.RESULTS A total of 8957 distal pancreatectomies were included in this analysis, of which 382 (4.3%) were MIDPs.On a national level, this projected to 42 320 open distal pancreatectomies and 1908 MIDPs.The proportion of distal pancreatectomies performed via minimally invasive approaches tripled between 1998 and 2009, from 2.4% to 7.3%.The groups were comparable for sex and comorbidity profiles, while patients who underwent MIDP were 1.5 years older.On multivariate analysis, MIDP was associated with lower rates of overall predischarge complications, including lower incidences of postoperative infections and bleeding complications, as well as a shorter length of stay by 1.22 days.There were no differences in rates of in-hospital mortality, concomitant splenectomy, or total charges. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThis population-based study of MIDP reveals that the application of this approach has tripled in practice and provides strong evidence that MIDP has evolved into a safe option in the treatment of benign and malignant pancreatic diseases.
NHS locally organised research scheme: regional research committees and the way they work.
Authors: B T Williams
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Regional research committees vary so widely in size, composition, and their methods of judging proposals that the standards of adjudication may also vary. Once the research has started it tends to be poorly monitored, and comparatively little attempt is made to discover whether the inexperienced researcher's ability has been promoted. Fostering the research spirit entails more than the provision of funds, and some regional health authorities may need to establish more formal ways of supervising and evaluating the research they support.
The Role of the Modern Hospital
Authors: EDWIN L. CROSBY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

As Director of the American Hospital Association, Dr. Crosby anticipates the influence of Medicare upon existing and future hospital facilities. Trends include closer interaction between government and the voluntary health system and a changing concept of financing, brought about by the purchase of health services by fewer and larger organized buyers. Areas are projected in which hospital utilization will rise abruptly, such as ambulatory care facilities and general hospital psychiatric units. To achieve the kind of program that will satisfy the evolving concept of community mental health, hospitals and physicians must work closely together.
Mechanisms by Which Adenosine Restores Conduction in Dormant Canine Pulmonary Veins
Authors: Tomás Datino, Laurent Macle, Xiao-Yan Qi, Ange Maguy, Philippe Comtois, Denis Chartier, Peter G. Guerra, Angel Arenal, Francisco Fernández-Avilés, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Adenosine acutely reconnects pulmonary veins (PVs) after radiofrequency application, revealing “dormant conduction” and identifying PVs at risk of reconnection, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Methods and Results— Canine PV and left-atrial (LA) action potentials were recorded with standard microelectrodes and ionic currents with whole-cell patch clamp before and after adenosine perfusion. PVs were isolated with radiofrequency current application in coronary-perfused LA-PV preparations. Adenosine abbreviated action potential duration similarly in PV and LA but significantly hyperpolarized resting potential (by 3.9±0.5%; P &lt;0.05) and increased dV/dt max (by 34±10%) only in PV. Increased dV/dt max was not due to direct effects on I Na , which was reduced similarly by adenosine in LA and PV but correlated with resting-potential hyperpolarization ( r =0.80). Adenosine induced larger inward rectifier K + current (I KAdo ) in PV (eg, −2.28±0.04 pA/pF; −100 mV) versus LA (−1.28±0.16 pA/pF). Radiofrequency ablation isolated PVs by depolarizing resting potential to voltages positive to −60 mV. Adenosine restored conduction in 5 dormant PVs, which had significantly more negative resting potentials (−57±6 mV) versus nondormant (−46±5 mV, n=6; P &lt;0.001) before adenosine. Adenosine hyperpolarized both, but more negative resting-potential values after adenosine in dormant PVs (−66±6 mV versus −56±6 mV in nondormant; P &lt;0.001) were sufficient to restore excitability. Adenosine effects on resting potential and conduction reversed on washout. Spontaneous recovery of conduction occurring in dormant PVs after 30 to 60 minutes was predicted by the adenosine response. Conclusions— Adenosine selectively hyperpolarizes canine PVs by increasing I KAdo . PVs with dormant conduction show less radiofrequency-induced depolarization than nondormant veins, allowing adenosine-induced hyperpolarization to restore excitability by removing voltage-dependent I Na inactivation and explaining the restoration of conduction in dormant PVs.
PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON PATIENTS UNDERGOING NONCONCVULSIVE ELECTRIC-STIMULATION TREATMENT
Authors: MARIANNE BERAN, JOHN C. PERKINS, ROBERT W. SCOLLON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

It was attempted to study some effects of nonconvulsive electric-stimulation as they are reflected in psychological test performances. The experimental group consisted of 19 white, male patients of a veterans hospital who were diagnosed as severe neurotic or mild, borderline schizophrenics, and who had not received insulin or electric therapy before. The control group was composed of 15 white, male patients of a veterans mental hygiene clinic carrying similar diagnoses and comparable for initial test scores. Tests of intellectual functioning (Revised Beta Examination, Wechsler Memory Scale, Form I, and some other tests of cognitive functions) were administered to the whole experimental group before EST and from 0 to 6 days after the 10th treatment. The control group was tested and retested with the Revised Beta and the Wechsler Memory Scale, Form I, at comparable time intervals. All tests of the experimental group showed a gain in mean scores upon retest after the 10th treatment but this increase was not significantly different from the increase obtained in the control group. The conclusion seems to be justified that no impairment or gain in cognitive functions were discernible as far as these functions are measurable by the tests used. In order to assess the influence of a larger number of ESTs, 9 patients of the experimental group were tested with the same tests for a third time after successful completion of the treatment series, which varied from 14 to 41 ESTs. The group continued to make gains on the tests. As there are no controls available for this phase of the study, one can only infer that learning ability does not seem to be adversely affected by such a number of, ESTs. Ten patients of the experimental group were tested with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Rorschach before and after completion of treatment. Significant differences were found between the pre-and posttesting for the categories hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, and psychasthenia. An item analysis showed changes in the direction away from abnormal trends, indicating that the patients as a group felt reduction in somatic complaints, increase in energy and emotional control, as well as improvement in the ability to concentrate. Quantitative analysis of the Rorschach record showed no significant indications of change except for minor alterations pointing up a trend toward increase of emotional control and adjustment to environment. Statistical results must be interpreted in the light of the fact that there is no control group for the MMPI and Rorschach and that the mean differences might be the result of sampling error. Further and carefully controlled studies are needed. Also needed are additional, more refined, and qualitatively oriented psychological investigations that may reveal more subtle emotional and intellectual changes that escape our notice, when we use standard, quantitative testing methods.
Second gastric cancers among patients with primary sporadic and familial cancers in Sweden
Authors: J. Ji, Kari Hemminki
Journal: Gut (2006)

Gastric cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide.1 The aetiology includes causes such as Helicobacter pylori infection (for distal gastric cancer but not for cardia cancer),2 dietary imbalance, smoking, and genetic factors.2,3 Estimation of the incidence of second primary cancers may provide valuable insight into the aetiology and shared risk factors with the initial cancer. However, as gastric cancer patients have poor survival,4 a study of second malignancies after primary gastric cancer may not be informative. Instead, we examined the occurrence of second gastric cancers following any first cancers, based on the nationwide Swedish Family Cancer Database. This database has been described in detail previously.5 Briefly, it was created by linking information from the Multigenerational Register, censuses, Cancer Registry, and death …
Abstract 5239: Relationship between metabolite content on magnetic resonance spectroscopy and contrast enhancing fraction on MRI in patients with astrocytoma
Authors: Mary McLean, Amy Sun, Thomas Bradstreet, Andrea K. Schaeffer, Haiying Liu, Rose-Ann Blenman-Abage, Gary Herman, Stephen Price, John Griffiths
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Both magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and contrast-enhanced MRI are useful diagnostic tools for astrocytoma, but two important MRS peaks - lactate and lipid - are usually not resolvable. We investigated the relationship in astrocytoma between metabolite content measured in vivo using an MRS method that separated lactate from lipid, and tumor aggressiveness as reflected by contrast enhancing fraction (CEF) on MRI. Method: Nine patients with astrocytoma (7 Grade IV, 2 Grade III) had both MRS and contrast-enhanced MRI. For MRS, spectra were edited to obtain separate estimates of lactate and lipid1 as well as N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine, and choline from one 8 cm3 volume of interest (VOI) prescribed within the tumor boundary, avoiding areas of visible necrosis or cysts, and one matching VOI in the contralateral hemisphere. The CEF within the VOI was determined by thresholding T1-weighted images following Gadobutrol administration. Results: Consistent with previous reports2, metabolite content differed markedly in tumor compared to contralateral tissue. Tumors contained higher levels of lactate and lipids and lower NAA and creatine. Choline did not differ significantly between tumor and contralateral tissue. The average CEF was 0.27, with a range from 0.0 in a Grade III tumor to 0.53 in a Grade IV tumor (that is, 53% of the pixels within the Grade IV VOI showed bright signal due to contrast uptake). The small size of the study precluded a formal subgroup analysis by histological grade, but qualitative observation suggests that the CEF, lipid, and lactate were all higher in tumors of Grade IV than III, consistent with expectations. The level of lipid showed a significant positive correlation with CEF (r=0.67, 95% CI 0.01, 0.92), while the numbers were too small to confirm any significant trends for the other metabolites. Conclusion: In this first study to discriminate lactate from lipid and also compare MRS patterns with contrast enhancement in the same tissue volume, we found a positive correlation between lipid signal and CEF. Lipids, lactate, and CEF all appeared higher in higher-grade tumors on qualitative assessment and all merit further investigation as potential biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness. References: 1Star-Lack J et al, J. Magn. Reson. 1998; 133:243-254. 2Howe FA et al, Magn. Reson. Med. 2003; 49:223-232. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5239.
THE HIGH EVENT RATE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TREATED WITH PCI FOR ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES IS OBSERVED IN THE SUBGROUP OF PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION: RESULTS OF THE ALKK-PCI REGISTRY
Authors: Uwe Zeymer, Matthias Hochadel, Anselm Gitt, Harald Darius, Dietrich Andresen, Ralf Zahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Differential Diagnosis and Therapy of Hyperketonemic State
Authors: David S. Schade
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Detection of ketone bodies in the urine or plasma may be used as a rapid, inexpensive diagnostic approach. Understanding the causes of hyperketonemia can lead to identification and appropriate therapy for the underlying cause. At least one urinary ketone measurement should be a routine procedure in all severely ill patients in whom a complete understanding of the underlying pathological processes is not present.