tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of immunoglobulin E in patients with markedly elevated serum immunoglobulin E levels.
Authors: S C Dreskin, P K Goldsmith, W Strober, L A Zech, J I Gallin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The metabolism of human IgE was studied in normals, severe atopics, and patients with the hyperimmunoglobulin E-recurrent infection (HIE; Job's) syndrome to determine whether IgE metabolism is altered in patients with marked elevation of serum IgE. Purified polyclonal 125I-IgE was administered intravenously and serial plasma and urine samples were obtained. After analysis, the metabolic data support previously published evidence that IgE (at concentrations found in normal individuals) is catabolized at a higher fractional rate than other immunoglobulins and is catabolized by both an intravascular and an extravascular pathway. In addition, the data show that the fractional catabolic rate for IgE is significantly less for the atopic patients (mean +/- SEM = 0.20 +/- 0.01) and for the HIE patients (0.15 +/- 0.02) than for the normal volunteers (0.52 +/- 0.06; P less than 0.01) and is inversely related (r = -0.851; P less than 0.001) to the serum IgE concentration. These findings have specific importance in showing that decreased fractional catabolic rate contributes substantially to elevation of IgE in atopic and HIE patients. In addition, the findings have general significance in that they lead to a unifying hypothesis of immunoglobulin catabolism.
<i>ABCA3</i>Gene Mutations in Newborns with Fatal Surfactant Deficiency
Authors: Sergey Shulenin, Lawrence M. Nogee, Tarmo Annilo, Susan E. Wert, Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Michael Dean
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Pulmonary surfactant forms a lipid-rich monolayer that coats the airways of the lung and is essential for proper inflation and function of the lung. Surfactant is produced by alveolar type II cells, stored intracellularly in organelles known as lamellar bodies, and secreted by exocytosis. The gene for ATP-binding cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3) is expressed in alveolar type II cells, and the protein is localized to lamellar bodies, suggesting that it has an important role in surfactant metabolism.We sequenced each of the coding exons of the ABCA3 gene in blood DNA from 21 racially and ethnically diverse infants with severe neonatal surfactant deficiency for which the etiologic process was unknown. Lung tissue from four patients was examined by high-resolution light and electron microscopy.Nonsense and frameshift mutations, as well as mutations in highly conserved residues and in splice sites of the ABCA3 gene were identified in 16 of the 21 patients (76 percent). In five consanguineous families with mutations, each pair of siblings was homozygous for the same mutation and each mutation was found in only one family. Markedly abnormal lamellar bodies were observed by ultrastructural examination of lung tissue from four patients with different ABCA3 mutations, including nonsense, splice-site, and missense mutations.Mutation of the ABCA3 gene causes fatal surfactant deficiency in newborns. ABCA3 is critical for the proper formation of lamellar bodies and surfactant function and may also be important for lung function in other pulmonary diseases. Since it is closely related to ABCA1 and ABCA4, proteins that transport phospholipids in macrophages and photoreceptor cells, it may have a role in surfactant phospholipid metabolism.
Metastatic Apocrine Carcinoma of the Scalp: Prolonged Response to Systemic Chemotherapy
Authors: Kaoutar Tlemcani, Douglas Levine, Richard V. Smith, Margaret Brandwein-Gensler, David A. Staffenberg, Madhur K. Garg, Keivan Shifteh, Missak Haigentz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
Practice Patterns of International and U.S. Medical Graduate Psychiatrists
Authors: Carlos Blanco, Cletus Carvalho, Mark Olfson, Molly Finnerty, Harold Alan Pincus
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

The practice patterns of international medical graduate (IMG) and U.S. medical graduate (USMG) psychiatrists were compared.Using data from the 1996 National Survey of Psychiatric Practice, the authors compared IMGs and USMGs in terms of demographic characteristics, practice settings, patients' clinical characteristics, and sources of reimbursement.The IMGs surveyed tended to be older than USMGs, included a higher proportion of women, and were more racially heterogeneous. They worked longer hours, worked more frequently in the public sector, and treated a higher proportion of patients with psychotic disorders. The IMGs also received a higher percentage of their income than USMGs from Medicaid and Medicare, whereas the reverse was true of self-payment. Most of these differences remained significant after psychiatrist's age, gender, race, board certification, and work setting were controlled for.IMG and USMG psychiatrists have different practice patterns. Policies that substantially decrease the number of IMG psychiatrists may adversely affect the availability of psychiatrists to treat minorities and other underserved populations.
Diabetes, Its Treatment, and Catastrophic Medical Spending in 35 Developing Countries
Authors: Crystal M. Smith-Spangler, Jay Bhattacharya, Jeremy D. Goldhaber-Fiebert
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To assess the individual financial impact of having diabetes in developing countries, whether diabetic individuals possess appropriate medications, and the extent to which health insurance may protect diabetic individuals by increasing medication possession or decreasing the risk of catastrophic spending.
MTA1 Promotes STAT3 Transcription and Pulmonary Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Authors: Suresh B. Pakala, Suresh K. Rayala, Rui-An Wang, Kazufumi Ohshiro, Prakriti Mudvari, Sirigiri Divijendra Natha Reddy, Yi Zheng, Ricardo Pires, Sandra Casimiro, M. Radhakrishna Pillai, Luis Costa, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Overexpression of the prometastatic chromatin modifier protein metastasis tumor antigen 1 (MTA1) in human cancer contributes to tumor aggressiveness, but the role of endogenous MTA1 in cancer has not been explored. Here, we report the effects of selective genetic depletion of MTA1 in a physiologically relevant spontaneous mouse model of breast cancer pulmonary metastasis. We found that MTA1 acts as a mandatory modifier of breast-to-lung metastasis without effects on primary tumor formation. The underlying mechanism involved MTA1-dependent stimulation of STAT3 transcription through action on the MTA1/STAT3/Pol II coactivator complex, and, in turn, on the expression and functions of STAT3 target genes including Twist1. Accordingly, we documented a positive correlation between levels of MTA1 and STAT3 in publicly available breast cancer data sets. Together, our findings reveal an essential modifying role of the physiologic level of MTA1 in supporting pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer.
Carriage of adhesive Escherichia coli after restorative proctocolectomy and pouch anal anastomosis: relation with functional outcome and inflammation.
Authors: A J Lobo, P M Sagar, J Rothwell, P Quirke, P Godwin, D Johnston, A T Axon
Journal: Gut (1993)

Restorative proctocolectomy with pelvic ileal reservoir is a well accepted option for the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis. Acute pouchitis is a common complication and resembles acute ulcerative colitis. Patients with ulcerative colitis carry Escherichia coli that adhere to epithelial cells and thus this study examined whether acute pouchitis is associated with the carriage of adhesive E coli. E coli isolated from stool samples from 24 patients (median age 34 years, range 16-64; 13 men, 11 women) who had had restorative proctocolectomy with pelvic ileal reservoir were examined by means of the buccal epithelial cell adhesion assay. Patients were studied at a median of 12 months (range 7-21) after operation. Eight of 24 patients had acute pouchitis at the time of study. Adhesive E coli were detected in nine of 24 patients with a pelvic ileal reservoir compared with none of 12 controls (p < 0.05). The buccal epithelial cell adhesion index was inversely related to the degree of acute pouchitis (rs = 0.46, p = 0.024) and to the functional outcome (rs = -0.49, p = 0.022). Carriage of adhesive E coli was not related to the design of the reservoir. By contrast with ulcerative colitis, acute pouchitis is not associated with the carriage of adhesive E coli.
Selective Tumor Hypoxia Targeting by Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug TH-302 Inhibits Tumor Growth in Preclinical Models of Cancer
Authors: Jessica D. Sun, Qian Liu, Jingli Wang, Dharmendra Ahluwalia, Damien Ferraro, Yan Wang, Jian-Xin Duan, W. Steve Ammons, John G. Curd, Mark D. Matteucci, Charles P. Hart
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Tumor hypoxia underlies treatment failure and yields a more aggressive, invasive, and metastatic cancer phenotype. TH-302 is a 2-nitroimidazole triggered hypoxia-activated prodrug of the cytotoxin bromo-isophosphoramide mustard (Br-IPM). The purpose of this study is to characterize the antitumor activity of TH-302 and investigate its selective targeting of the hypoxic cells in human tumor xenograft models.
Streptococcus milleri causing treatable infection in perineal hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: A. S. HIGHET, R. E. WARREN, R. C. D. STAUGHTON, S. O. B. ROBERTS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Streptococcus milleri was isolated from the active lesions of three patients with perineal hidradenitis suppurativa. In each patient, elimination of this organism by appropriate antibiotic therapy was accompanied by marked clinical improvement.
Disseminated porokeratosis in an infant with craniosynostosis
Authors: M.R. JUDGE, M. MICHAELS, V.R. SAMS, T.J. DAVID, J.I. HARPER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article Disseminated porokeratosis in an infant with craniosynostosis Get access M.R. JUDGE, M.R. JUDGE The Hospitals for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. MICHAELS, M. MICHAELS The Hospitals for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V.R. SAMS, V.R. SAMS The Hospitals for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.J. DAVID, T.J. DAVID Booth Hall Childrens'Hospital, Manchester, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.I. HARPER J.I. HARPER The Hospitals for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London, U.K. Dr John Harper, Consultant Dermatologist, The Hospitals for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N3JH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 123, Issue 2, 1 August 1990, Pages 249–254, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb01855.x Published: 01 August 1990
Relationship of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis with obesity, exercise and Mediterranean diet in Spanish schoolchildren
Authors: L. Garcia-Marcos, I. M. Canflanca, J. B. Garrido, A. L.-S. Varela, G. Garcia-Hernandez, F. G. Grima, C. Gonzalez-Diaz, I. Carvajal-Uruena, A. Arnedo-Pena, R. M Busquets-Monge, M. Morales Suarez-Varela, A. Blanco-Quiros
Journal: Thorax (2007)

<b>Background:</b> Although several studies have investigated the influence of diet on asthma in schoolchildren, none of them has evaluated how obesity can modify this effect. A study was undertaken to evaluate the association of various foods and a Mediterranean diet with the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis, adjusting for obesity and exercise. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study was performed in 20 106 schoolchildren aged 6–7 years from eight Spanish cities. Using the ISAAC phase III questionnaire, parents reported chest and nose symptoms, food intake, weight, height and other factors, including exercise. A Mediterranean diet score was developed. A distinction was made between current occasional asthma (COA) and current severe asthma (CSA). <b>Results:</b> Independent of the amount of exercise, each Mediterranean score unit had a small but protective effect on CSA in girls (adjusted OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.98). Exercise was a protective factor for COA and rhinoconjunctivitis in girls and boys (the more exercise, the more protection). Obesity was a risk factor for CSA in girls (adjusted OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.51 to 3.64). Individually, a more frequent intake (1–2 times/week and ⩾3 times/week vs never/occasionally) of seafood (adjusted ORs 0.63 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.91) and 0.53 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.80)) and cereals (adjusted OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.30 to 1.02) and 0.39 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.68)) were protective factors for CSA, while fast food was a risk factor (adjusted ORs 1.64 (95% CI 1.28 to 2.10) and 2.26 (95% CI 1.09 to 4.68)). Seafood (adjusted ORs 0.74 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.92) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.85)) and fruit (adjusted ORs 0.76 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.97) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.88)) were protective factors for rhinoconjunctivitis. <b>Conclusions:</b> A Mediterranean diet has a potentially protective effect in girls aged 6–7 years with CSA. Obesity is a risk factor for this type of asthma only in girls.
Aspects of duodeno-gastric reflux in man
Authors: K. G. Wormsley
Journal: Gut (1972)

Duodeno-gastric reflux has been studied in normal subjects and patients with duodenal and gastric ulceration during the responses to parenteral secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and to acidification of the small intestine. Reflux was absent or slight in normal subjects and most patients with duodenal ulcer but was appreciable in most patients with gastric ulcer. Duodeno-gastric regurgitation may occasionally resultin a misleading assessment of pancreatic exocrine secretory capacity.
Effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Severely Fatigued Disease-Free Cancer Patients Compared With Patients Waiting for Cognitive Behavior Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Marieke F.M. Gielissen, Stans Verhagen, Fred Witjes, Gijs Bleijenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Persistent fatigue is a long-term adverse effect experienced by 30% to 40% of patients cured of cancer. The main objective of this randomized controlled trial was to show the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) especially designed for fatigue in cancer survivors.A total of 112 cancer survivors with somatically unexplained fatigue were allocated randomly to immediate cognitive behavior therapy or to a waiting list condition for therapy. Both conditions were assessed two times, at baseline and 6 months later. The primary outcome variables were fatigue severity (Checklist Individual Strength) and functional impairment (Sickness Impact Profile). Data were analyzed by intention to treat.Analyses were based on 50 patients in the intervention condition and 48 patients in the waiting list condition. Patients in the intervention condition reported a significantly greater decrease than patients in the waiting list condition in fatigue severity (difference, 13.3; 95% CI, 8.6 to 18.1) and in functional impairment (difference, 383.2; 95% CI, 197.1 to 569.2). Clinically significant improvement for the CBT group compared with the waiting list group was seen in fatigue severity (54% v 4% of the patients, respectively) and in functional impairment (50% v 18% of the patients, respectively).Cognitive behavior therapy has a clinically relevant effect in reducing fatigue and functional impairments in cancer survivors.
Relationship of Liver Enzymes to Insulin Sensitivity and Intra-Abdominal Fat
Authors: Tara M. Wallace, Kristina M. Utzschneider, Jenny Tong, Darcy B. Carr, Sakeneh Zraika, Daniel D. Bankson, Robert H. Knopp, Steven E. Kahn
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between plasma liver enzyme concentrations, insulin sensitivity, and intra-abdominal fat (IAF) distribution.Plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, insulin sensitivity (insulin sensitivity index [S(I)]), IAF area, and subcutaneous fat (SCF) area were measured in 177 nondiabetic subjects (75 men and 102 women, aged 31-75 years) with no history of liver disease. On the basis of BMI (< or > or = 27.5 kg/m2) and S(I) (< or > or = 7.0 x 10(-5) min/pmol) subjects were divided into lean insulin sensitive (LIS, n = 53), lean insulin resistant (LIR, n = 60), and obese insulin resistant (OIR, n = 56) groups.Levels of all three liver enzymes were higher in men than in women (P < 0.0001 for each). In men, GGT levels were higher in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive subjects (P < 0.01). In women, GGT levels were higher in the OIR than in the LIS group (P < 0.01) but no different in the LIR group. There was no difference in ALT and AST levels among the LIS, LIR, and OIR groups. GGT was associated with S(I) (r = -0.26, P < 0.0001), IAF area (r = 0.22, P < 0.01), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (r = 0.25, P = 0.001), BMI (r = 0.17, P < 0.05), and SCF area (r = 0.16, P < 0.05) after adjustments for age and sex. In men, only S(I) (r = -0.29, P < 0.05) remained independently correlated with GGT in multiple regression analysis. In women, IAF area (r = 0.29, P < 0.01) and WHR (r = 0.29, P < 0.01) were independently associated with GGT, but S(I) was not.In nondiabetic men GGT but not AST or ALT levels, are inversely related to insulin sensitivity independent of IAF area. However in women, GGT is related to measures of central body fat rather than to insulin sensitivity.
Mutation Conferring Apical-Targeting Motif on AE1 Exchanger Causes Autosomal Dominant Distal RTA
Authors: Andrew C. Fry, Ya Su, Vivian Yiu, Alan W. Cuthbert, Howard Trachtman, Fiona E. Karet Frankl
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

Mutations in SLC4A1 that mislocalize its product, the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger AE1, away from its normal position on the basolateral membrane of the α-intercalated cell cause autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA). We studied a family exhibiting dominant inheritance and defined a mutation (AE1-M909T) that affects the C terminus of AE1, a region rich in potential targeting motifs that are incompletely characterized. Expression of AE1-M909T in Xenopus oocytes confirmed preservation of its anion exchange function. Wild-type GFP-tagged AE1 localized to the basolateral membrane of polarized MDCK cells, but AE1-M909T localized to both the apical and basolateral membranes. Wild-type AE1 trafficked directly to the basolateral membrane without apical passage, whereas AE1-M909T trafficked to both cell surfaces, implying the gain of an apical-targeting signal. We found that AE1-M909T acquired class 1 PDZ ligand activity that the wild type did not possess. In summary, the AE1-M909T mutation illustrates the role of abnormal targeting in dRTA and provides insight into C-terminal motifs that govern normal trafficking of AE1.
Colchicine in Addition to Conventional Therapy for Acute Pericarditis
Authors: Massimo Imazio, Marco Bobbio, Enrico Cecchi, Daniela Demarie, Brunella Demichelis, Franco Pomari, Mauro Moratti, Gianni Gaschino, Massimo Giammaria, Aldo Ghisio, Riccardo Belli, Rita Trinchero
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Colchicine is effective and safe for the treatment and prevention of recurrent pericarditis and might ultimately serve as the initial mode of treatment, especially in idiopathic cases. The aim of this work was to verify the safety and efficacy of colchicine as an adjunct to conventional therapy for the treatment of the first episode of acute pericarditis. Methods and Results— A prospective, randomized, open-label design was used. A total of 120 patients (mean age 56.9±18.8 years, 54 males) with a first episode of acute pericarditis (idiopathic, viral, postpericardiotomy syndromes, and connective tissue diseases) were randomly assigned to conventional treatment with aspirin (group I) or conventional treatment plus colchicine 1.0 to 2.0 mg for the first day and then 0.5 to 1.0 mg/d for 3 months (group II). Corticosteroid therapy was restricted to patients with aspirin contraindications or intolerance. The primary end point was recurrence rate. During the 2873 patient-month follow-up, colchicine significantly reduced the recurrence rate (recurrence rates at 18 months were, respectively, 10.7% versus 32.3%; P =0.004; number needed to treat=5) and symptom persistence at 72 hours (respectively, 11.7% versus 36.7%; P =0.003). After multivariate analysis, corticosteroid use (OR 4.30, 95% CI 1.21 to 15.25; P =0.024) was an independent risk factor for recurrences. Colchicine was discontinued in 5 cases (8.3%) because of diarrhea. No serious adverse effects were observed. Conclusions— Colchicine plus conventional therapy led to a clinically important and statistically significant benefit over conventional treatment, decreasing the recurrence rate in patients with a first episode of acute pericarditis. Corticosteroid therapy given in the index attack can favor the occurrence of recurrences.
Fish Consumption Is Associated With Lower Heart Rates
Authors: Jean Dallongeville, John Yarnell, Pierre Ducimetière, Dominique Arveiler, Jean Ferrières, Michèle Montaye, Gérald Luc, Aluns Evans, Annie Bingham, Bernadette Hass, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Philippe Amouyel
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Fish consumption decreases risk of sudden death. The goal of the present study was to assess the relationship between fish consumption and heart rate. Methods and Results— A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of 9758 men, age 50 to 59 years, without coronary heart disease (CHD) who were recruited in France and Belfast, Ireland, from 1991 to 1993. Heart rate and CHD risk factors were compared among 4 categories of fish consumption, as follows: (1) less than once per week (n=2662), (2) once per week (n=4576), (3) twice per week (n=1964), and (4) more than twice per week (n=556). Fatty acid profiles of erythrocyte phospholipids were determined in a random subsample of 407 subjects. In erythrocyte phospholipids, eicosapentaenoic acid ( P &lt;0.0005), docosahexaenoic acid ( P &lt;0.0001), and total n-3 fatty acid ( P &lt;0.0008) increased across the categories of fish intake. Triglycerides ( P &lt;0.0001), systolic blood pressure ( P &lt;0.006), and diastolic blood pressure ( P &lt;0.0001) were lower and HDL cholesterol levels ( P &lt;0.004) were higher in fish consumers than in nonconsumers. Similarly, heart rate decreased across the categories of fish intake ( P &lt;0.0001). After adjustment for age, center, education level, physical activity, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and antiarrhythmic medications, heart rate remained statistically lower among fish consumers than among nonconsumers ( P for trend &lt;0.0001). Docosahexaenoic acid content of erythrocyte phospholipids was inversely correlated with heart rate ( P &lt;0.03). Conclusions— Fish consumption is associated with decreased heart rate in men. Because heart rate is positively associated with risk of sudden death, this association may explain, at least in part, the lower risk of sudden death among fish consumers.