tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
1101. Rapid and Long-Term Protection Against Anthrax Lethal Toxin
Authors: Julie L. Boyer, Kazuhiko Kasuya, Jeffrey Howard, Neil R. Hackett, James M. Wilson, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Any delay in the treatment of anthrax significantly affects the chances of survival, therefore, an ideal vaccine or therapy for Bacillus anthracis would not only provide persistent protection but also act rapidly. We have addressed the requirement for rapid protection with a human adenovirus (Ad)-based vector (AdαPAscAb) encoding a single chain antibody that neutralizes protective antigen (PA; a critical component of B. anthracis lethal toxin; Kasuya et al. Molecular Therapy 2005; 11:237–244), and the requirement for long-term protective immunity with an Ad-based vector encoding PA (AdsechPA; Tan et al, Hum Gene Ther. 2003; 14:1673). The present study evaluates two strategies for the induction of both short-term and long-term protective immune responses, one combining 2 Ad vectors, and one using an AAV vector. For the combined Ad vector strategy, two Ad-based vectors were co- administered to mice: (1) AdαPAscAb, encoding a neutralizing anti- PA single chain antibody, to elicit short-term passive immunity; and (2) AdsechPA, encoding PA, to elicit active immunity and thus long- term protective immunity. Mice immunized with AdαPAscAb alone had detectable serum anti-lethal toxin neutralizing antibodies (NAb) by 3 days post-administration that dropped to the assay limit of detection by day 28, while mice immunized with AdsechPA alone had measurable anti-lethal toxin NAb titers by 14 days post-administration that continued to increase through 6 wk. Co- immunizing with both vectors led to circulating anti-lethal toxin NAb titers from 3 d through 6 wk post-administration. Mice immunized with AdαPAscAb alone were fully protected (100%) against a lethal toxin challenge at 3 days post-immunization, 20% at day 14, and 0% at 28 days. Mice immunized with AdsechPA alone were completely susceptible to lethal toxin challenge (0% survival) at 3 d post-immunization, but were fully protected (100% survival) at 14 and 28 days post-immunization. Importantly, mice co- immunized with AdαPAscAb and AdsechPA had rapid and long term protection, with complete protection against a lethal toxin challenge from 3 days through 28 days post-administration (100% survival). The 2nd strategy to induce rapid and protective immunity is based on the delivery of a non-human primate serotype (rh10) adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding a single chain antibody that neutralizes PA (AAVαPAscAb). Animals immunized with AAVαPAscAb had circulating serum anti-lethal toxin NAb from 2 wk through at least 10 wk post-administration. At 11 wk post- administration, 100% of the immunized animals survived a lethal toxin challenge. These data demonstrate that co-administration of Ad vectors inducing passive and active immunity, respectively or an AAV vector coding for inducing passive immunity, will satisfy the requirement for rapid and persistent protective immune responses against B. anthracis, a fundamental requirement for an effective anti-bioterrorism vaccine.
The Effects of Nitroglycerin and Amyl Nitrite on Arteriolar and Venous Tone in the Human Forearm
Authors: DEAN T. MASON, EUGENE BRAUNWALD, Frederick A. Bullock, Clara V. King
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The effects of sublingual nitroglycerin and inhaled amyl nitrite on the arteriolar and venous beds of the forearm were studied in 11 normal subjects. Forearm blood flow was measured with a strain-gauge plethysmograph, and venous tone was determined both by an acute occlusion technic, and by several equilibration technics. Nitroglycerin reduced systemic arterial pressure, elevated forearm blood flow, lowered forearm vascular resistance and decreased venous tone. Amyl nitrite diminished arterial pressure, elevated forearm blood flow, markedly decreased forearm vascular resistance, but in contrast to nitroglycerin augmented venous tone strikingly. This venoconstriction was abolished or diminished when adrenergic activity was impeded by administration of either guanethidine or reserpine.
ETIOLOGY OF PARESIS
Authors: Arthur W. Hurd
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1902)

April a history or marks of syphilis in paretics in percentages varying from ii to per cent, as collected by Peterson, Mott, Hirschl and others.In the cases of paresis coming under my observation for the past 10 years a percentage of 20 was found, but this is undoubtedly far too low, for there are mahy elements in hospital practice which tend to render it impossible to obtain reliable histories.For instance, many of our patients, because of their mental condition,
OP03 Telaprevir-based therapy in G1 HCV-infected patients with prior null response, partial response or relapse to peginterferon/ribavirin: REALIZE trial final results
Authors: G. Foster, S. Zeuzem, P. Andreone, S. Pol, E. Lawitz, M. Diago, S. Roberts, R. Focaccia, Z. Younossi, None A H, R. V. Heeswijk, S. de Meyer, D. Luo, G. Picchio, M. Beumont
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> This Phase 3 study evaluated telaprevir (T) in combination with pegylated-IFN alfa-2a (P) and ribavirin (R) in well-characterised G1 prior-PR treatment failure patients including prior PR non-responders (null and partial) and relapsers. <h3>Method</h3> REALIZE was a randomised, international, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating efficacy, safety and tolerability of T (750 mg q8 h) plus P (180μg/w) and R (1000–1200 mg/d) compared with PR alone. The treatment arms (randomised 2:2:1, stratified by viral load and prior response) were: 12-weeks T/PR, followed by 36-weeks PR (T12PR48); 4-weeks PR followed by 12 weeks T/PR (T delayed start, DS), then 32-weeks PR (T12(DS)/PR48); 48-weeks PR (Pbo/PR48). The primary objective was efficacy of the T/PR arms in non-responders and relapsers. Secondary objectives included evaluation of T DS and efficacy in prior-null and -partial responders. HCV RNA was quantified using COBAS TaqManÆ v2.0 assay (LLOQ=25 IU/ml). <h3>Results</h3> 833 patients were screened, and 662 treated. 70% of patients were male, 93% Caucasian, 26% had cirrhosis, and 89% had baseline HCV RNA ≥800 000 IU/ml. AEs reported more frequently in T arms were rash, pruritus, diarrhoea, anorectal disorders and anaemia. 13% of T/PR patients had premature discontinuation (D/C) of T due to AEs: rash (4%) and anaemia (3%) were the most common AEs leading to T D/C. <h3>Conclusion</h3> T/PR SVR was significantly superior to PR in all prior-treatment failure populations including null- and partial-responders. A telaprevir delayed start did not have a significant impact on SVR rates. Safety profile of T/PR was consistent with that observed in treatment naive subjects.
Common Causes of Injury and Legal Action in Laser Surgery
Authors: H. Ray Jalian, Chris A. Jalian, Mathew M. Avram
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3>To identify common causes of legal action, injuries, claims, and decisions related to medical professional liability claims stemming from cutaneous laser surgery.<h3>Design</h3>Search of online public legal documents using a national database.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Frequency and nature of cases, including year of litigation, location and certification of provider, injury sustained, cause of legal action, verdict, and indemnity payment.<h3>Results</h3>From 1985 to 2012, the authors identified 174 cases related to injury stemming from cutaneous laser surgery. The incidence of litigation related to laser surgery shows an increasing trend, with peak occurrence in 2010. Laser hair removal was the most common litigated procedure. Nonphysician operators accounted for a substantial subset of these cases, with their physician supervisors named as defendants, despite not performing the procedure. Plastic surgery was the specialty most frequently litigated against. Of the preventable causes of action, the most common was failure to obtain an informed consent. Of the 120 cases with public decisions, 61 (50.8%) resulted in decisions in favor of the plaintiff. The mean indemnity payment was $380 719.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Claims related to cutaneous laser surgery are increasing and result in indemnity payments that exceed the previously reported average across all medical specialties. Nonphysicians performing these procedures will be held to a standard of care corresponding to an individual with appropriate training; thus, physicians are ultimately responsible for the actions of their nonphysician agents.
Defective in vitro suppressor cell function in idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy.
Authors: R E Fowles, C P Bieber, E B Stinson
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Because abnormalities of the immune system may be involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy (ICCM), we studied suppressor cell function in patients with ICCM.Previously described in vitro techniques were modified for optimal demonstration of concanavalin A (con A)-inducible suppressor activity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM).Baseline responses in the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) were similar for PBM from 16 normal subjects, eight patients with end-stage coronary artery dis- ease (CAD), and 18 patients with ICCM.In the presence of autologous, con A-treated PBM, MLR responses were significantly suppressed for normals (geometric mean disintegrations/min decreasing from 36,308 to 4677; p < 0.001) and for CAD patients (25,703 decreasing to 50l1;p < 0.001).In contrast, autologous, con A-treated PBM from patients with ICCM failed to suppress MLR responses (30,902 increasing to 44,688; p < 0.005).Similar results were observed in mitogen stimulation experiments.Con A-treated PBM from a normal subject suppressed the MLR response of PBM from an ICCM patient.The failure of con A-treated PBM to inhibit in vitro immune responses may reflect an in vivo defect in suppressor cell function in patients with ICCM.
The missing chapter: The interaction between behavioral and symbolic inheritance
Authors: Anne S. Warlaumont, Rick Dale
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract A strength of Jablonka &amp; Lamb's (J&amp;L's) book lies in its accessible as well as thorough treatment of genetic and epigenetic inheritance. The authors also provide a stimulating framework integrating evolutionary research across disciplines. A weakness is its unsystematic treatment of the interaction between behavioral and symbolic inheritance, particularly in their discussion of language.
Childhood mortality after a high dose of vitamin A.
Authors: M. Lavender, C. Vickery
Journal: BMJ (1992)

postoperative endotoxaemia is 32%.1 Further work should be directed at identifying those who are at risk and assessing their innate immunity in different clinical situations.If antiendotoxin is then given early, rather than after sepsis is established, the results are likely to be superior to those obtained in the trials published so far.Comparisons can be made with the published trials of steroids in sepsis.For them to be beneficial it was thought necessary to administer steroids in the very early stages.They were deemed in- effective, though confirmatory studies were not performed.Although these two drugs are not comparable, by performing similar studies with antiendotoxins without fully understanding the events leading up to sepsis we run the risk of condemning this potentially useful treatment for the wrong reasons, spending millions in the process.
The Cushing Syndrome Induced by Bronchial Carcinoid Tumors
Authors: Andrew H. Limper, Paul C. Carpenter, Bernd Scheithauer, Bruce A. Staats
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

To define the clinical spectrum of bronchial carcinoid tumors in patients presenting with the Cushing syndrome, to evaluate the role of chest radiographs and computed tomography in their diagnosis, to review the characteristic histologic features, and to determine patient outcome.Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients.A referral-based medical center.Fifteen consecutive patients with the Cushing syndrome evaluated at the Mayo Clinic with histologically proven bronchial carcinoid tumors.Clinical, radiographic, and histologic features.The Cushing syndrome was the initial clinical presentation, and bronchial carcinoid tumors were found later in all 15 patients. The diagnosis of carcinoid tumor was proved histologically in all cases. Ten biopsies showed typical carcinoid tumors, three were histologically atypical, and three were metastatic. Corticotropin was detected by immunostaining in seven of these tumors. Biochemical analysis showed marked elevations of circulating corticotropin with a mean serum value of 156 +/- 58 pmol/L (normal, 4 to 22 pmol/L). Additional clinical features included hypokalemia in six patients and glucocorticoid response to either high-dose dexamethasone or metyrapone in 6 of 13. These hormonally active carcinoid tumors were frequently radiographically occult, with 10 of 15 patients initially having normal chest radiographs. Computed tomography was successful in locating carcinoid tumors in five patients with negative chest radiographs evaluated after 1980. All five remaining patients with normal chest radiographs evaluated before 1980 eventually developed nodular lesions on standard chest radiography from 1 to 10 years later. Ten patients achieved complete remission and two patients, partial remission of the Cushing syndrome after surgical resection. Three patients continued to have symptomatic glucocorticoid excess due to metastatic disease.Although uncommon, the Cushing syndrome may be the initial clinical manifestation of an otherwise indolent bronchial carcinoid tumor. Radiographic imaging of occult lesions can be successfully accomplished with computed tomography. Surgical resection is curative in most patients with this disorder.
Light in the Afternoon
Authors: J. Dennis Mull
Journal: JAMA (1988)

There was a remarkable stillness in the mosque. It did not seem possible that more than 200 people were there, seated on the floor in orderly rows, each waiting patiently for his or her special moment with the healer. A woman who looked as if she had been crying shuffled slowly forward. As she confided her story, the white-robed man with the piercing gaze leaned toward her, listening intently, and then touched her head, actually grasping it with one hand while he gently brushed her face with a peacock feather. He addressed a few words to her—words that I could not hear; he blew toward her three times; he handed her some herbs folded in a square of paper. Apparently this marked the end of the encounter, for she stood up, whispering her thanks, and another woman took her place. Again the healer leaned forward and focused intently on his
The relationships among ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and mortality in the 2 years after myocardial infarction.
Authors: J T Bigger, J L Fleiss, R Kleiger, J P Miller, L M Rolnitzky
Journal: Circulation (1984)

We examined the relationships among ventricular arrhythmias, left ventricular dysfunction, and mortality after the occurrence of myocardial infarction in 766 patients who enrolled in a nine-hospital study and underwent two special tests. Frequency and repetitiveness of ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) were determined by computer analysis of predischarge 24 hr electrocardiographic recordings. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was determined by radionuclide ventriculography and dichotomized at its optimal value of 30%. Frequency of VPDs was divided into three categories: (1) less than one per hour, (2) one to 2.9 per hour, and (3) three or more per hour. Repetitiveness of VPDs was also divided into three categories: (1) no repetitive VPDs, (2) paired VPDs, and (3) VPD runs. These variables were related, one at a time and jointly, to total mortality and to deaths caused by arrhythmias. The hazard ratios for dying in the higher or highest risk stratum vs the lower or lowest stratum for each variable (adjusted for the effects of the others) were: LVEF below 30%, 3.5; VPD runs, 1.9; and VPD frequency of three or more per hour, 2.0. There were no significant interactions among the three variables with respect to effects on the risk of mortality. There was a suggestion of an interaction between each risk variable and time after infarction. LVEF below 30% was a better predictor of early mortality (less than 6 months) and the presence of ventricular arrhythmias was a better predictor of late mortality (after 6 months).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Treatment Options for Stage I Nonseminoma
Authors: Darren R. Feldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Article Tools ONCOLOGY GRAND ROUNDS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.56.8006 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print November 3, 2014 PMID: 25366681 Treatment Options for Stage I Nonseminoma Darren R. FeldmanxDarren R. FeldmanSearch for articles by this author Show More Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.56.8006 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2014 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Smoking and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux
Authors: C. Stanciu, J. R. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure and intraoesophageal pH has been studied in 25 chronic smokers who complained of heartburn. Smoking a cigarette invariably caused a fall in sphincter pressure, and pH measurements showed an increased tendency for reflux to occur while smoking. When lower oesophageal pH was measured overnight one-third of all reflux episodes occurred while the patients were smoking, and reflux was seen during the smoking of two-thirds of all the cigarettes consumed. It is concluded that cigarette smoking is a common reversible cause of gastro-oesophageal reflux.
Predicting toxicometric parameters on the basis of studying the concentration--time dependence.
Authors: G I Sidorenko, M A Pinigin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

A short-time exposure on the concentration--time relationship base, a classification of substances according to the degree of hazard and the program for assessing safety coefficients have been suggested in order to predict the basic toxicometric parameters (chronic exposure thresholds, maximum allowable concentrations, safety coefficients, and others).
Vitrectomy with Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling versus No Peeling for Idiopathic Full-Thickness Macular Hole
Authors: Kurt Spiteri Cornish, Noemi Lois, Neil W. Scott, Jennifer Burr, Jonathan Cook, Charles Boachie, Ramin Tadayoni, Morten la Cour, Ulrik Christensen, Alvin K.H. Kwok
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Three-Plane Ballistocardiography: The Effect of Age on the Longitudinal, Lateral, and Dorsoventral Ballistocardiograms
Authors: HAROLD W. MARCH
Journal: Circulation (1955)

The motions of the thorax and of the shins were recorded by a technic which gives approximately the same size waves when a given force is applied to the thorax in each of three planes. Applied to a group of men and women under 30 years of age and another group of normals over 50, the variations in form and size of the ballistocardiographic forces in three planes were recorded. During expiration and as a result of aging, the lateral systolic wave, IJ, increases in size relative to the head-foot IJ. It is concluded that the classic head-foot ballistocardiogram yields inadequate information on the force liberated in systole, particularly in older men.
Predicting the therapeutic efficacy of MSC in bone tissue engineering using the molecular marker CADM1
Authors: Anouk Mentink, Marc Hulsman, Nathalie Groen, Ruud Licht, Koen J. Dechering, Johan van der Stok, Hugo A. Alves, Wouter J. Dhert, Eugene P. van Someren, Marcel J.T. Reinders, Clemens A. van Blitterswijk, Jan de Boer
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Endotracheal Tube Compression Demonstrated by Roentgenogram
Authors: Geral W. Dietz
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Endotracheal tubes have been used with increasing frequency to avoid the use of tracheostomies in patients with respiratory depression. Use of the tubes seems justified in decreasing patient morbidity when an episode of respiratory depression is transient or when episodes of respiratory failure are unlikely to recur. The use of endotracheal tubes, however, may be associated with certain complications with which the attending physician should be familiar.<sup>1-5</sup>This communication describes one such complication, namely, the tendency of some types of endotracheal tubes to collapse and thus obliterate the lumen when the cuff is excessively inflated. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 42-year-old woman was admitted to a local hospital with a one-week history of increasing cough, yellow sputum, and dyspnea, all of which were unresponsive to antibiotics. She had had a long-standing cough and exertional dyspnea despite a lower lobectomy on the right side in 1960 for bronchiectasis. On examination,
753-6 Thoracic Aorta Atherosclerosis in Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia. A Transesophageal Echocardiographic Study
Authors: John Barbetseas, Christos Pitsavos, John Skoumas, Constadina Aggeli, Maria Apostolidou, Gregory Vyssoulis, Pavlas Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Doctor facing GMC inquiry over Shipman deaths admits failures
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A consultant pathologist who concluded that a woman victim of the GP Harold Shipman had died of natural causes admitted a series of failures this week in doing a postmortem examination on her.

Shipman was jailed for life in 2000 for 15 murders and was found hanged in his prison cell in January 2004. The independent inquiry into his career, which concluded that he murdered at least 215 patients over 23 years, criticised …
THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THE IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIAS
Authors: FRANK H. BETHELL
Journal: JAMA (1934)

A lack of sufficient iron available for the requirements of hemoglobin formation leads to anemia of the hypochromic or "secondary" type. Such an anemia may properly be attributed to iron deficiency, even though this element is supplied in usual quantities in the diet. The most frequent cause of iron-deficiency anemia is continued or recurrent excessive loss of blood. The replacement of hemoglobin lost by hemorrhage depletes and finally exhausts the body's reserves of iron.<sup>1</sup>In such cases the dietary iron is insufficient for the increased demand, and anemia results. A "secondary" anemia, occurring most often in middle-aged women, and frequently not associated with excessive loss of blood, has recently attracted a great deal of attention. Its commonly accepted designation is idiopathic hypochromic anemia.<sup>2</sup>Achlorhydria or marked hypochlorhydria is an invariable accompaniment of this condition. The anemia is presumably due to defective absorption of dietary iron, dependent on the
Patterns of radiographic abnormalities associated with basic calcium phosphate and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition in the knee.
Authors: P B Halverson, D J McCarty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Radiographs and synovial fluids from 66 knees representing 59 patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis were evaluated to determine the pattern of radiographic abnormalities associated with basic calcium phosphate (BCP), calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD), or both crystals together. Crystals were found in 71% of fluids. In general, CPPD crystals correlated with patient age, while BCP crystals correlated with joint degeneration. Synovial fluid BCP and CPPD crystals were found together more often than either alone. Joint compartment narrowing and osteophytes in three compartments are often associated with BCP crystals.