tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Crime Labs or the Street for Drug Information?-Reply
Authors: William Hopkins
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply. —  Regarding the accuracy and value of providing physicians with information on drug use derived from street research, the suggestion by Dr Stein is that we are taking information at face value; this is a definite inaccuracy. One might question whether a 20-year-old study would be relevant today or applicable in New York. Although beat bags, look-a-likes, and dummies (terms referring to counterfeit substances used to cheat buyers) are common in New York, those who buy these products are usually inexperienced users or out-of-towners. These items are mainly sold in areas that attract transients (eg, bus and train terminals and Time Square). Drug users are much more streetwise and sophisticated today.  From the emphasis on accuracy, it is clear that Dr Stein does not understand the function of our research. Admittedly, many drug users do not know what substances they are ingesting. It would be risky for a
DEXA Bone Densitometry Measurements in Adults with X-linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: LEONARD ROSENTHALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Bone mineral densities in adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia are variable, and while most are reportedly normal some can be very high. Eighteen patients with adult X-linked hypophosphatemia underwent bone mineral determinations of the lumbar spine and femoral neck with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Most of them were on various treatment regimens. Ten of 18 patients (55%) had spinal bone mineral densities that were greater than two standard deviations above the age-matched mean, and 3 of 11 patients (27%) had bone mineral densities of the femoral neck in excess of two standard deviations. Eight patients (median age 41.5 years) were followed serially for 24 to 42 months, and they exhibited a spinal bone loss of 0.019 gm/cm2/year.
In Praise of the Cognitive Specialist
Authors: Rachel Sorokin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

On Being a Doctor4 January 2011In Praise of the Cognitive SpecialistRachel Sorokin, MDRachel Sorokin, MDFrom Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-154-1-201101040-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail My father's diabetologist saved his life, although few credit her with the rescue. Most honor the 2 cardiothoracic surgeons, the many cardiologists, the nephrologist, or the pulmonologist. But those physicians intervened in crises. This wonderful diabetologist orchestrated the 10 000 days that constituted nearly half of my father's lifetime.I wish to celebrate one physician's ability to inspire the daily discipline that living with diabetes demands. Our health care system poorly reimburses cognitive specialists. Physician colleagues also often overlook and ignore their heroic contribution.An internist diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus in my father on his 38th birthday, after 3 weeks ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107.Corresponding Author: Rachel Sorokin, MD, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 111 South 11th Street, Suite 2210, Philadelphia, PA 19107; e-mail, rachel.[email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 January 2011Volume 154, Issue 1Page: 70-71KeywordsEjection fractionExerciseGlucoseHypoglycemiaInsulinKidneysMedical dialysisMyocardial infarctionSurgeonsType 1 diabetes ePublished: 4 January 2011 Issue Published: 4 January 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of magnesium deficiency on renal magnesium and calcium transport in the rat.
Authors: S L Carney, N L Wong, G A Quamme, J H Dirks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Recollection of micropuncture experiments were performed on acutely thyroparathyroidectomized rats rendered magnesium deficient by dietary deprivation. Urinary magnesium excretion fell from a control of 15 to 3% of the filtered load after magnesium restriction. The loop of Henle, presumably the thick ascending limb, was the major modulator for renal magnesium homeostasis. The transport capacity for magnesium, however, was less in deficient rats than control animals. Absolute magnesium reabsorption increased with acute infusions of magnesium chloride but was always less in magnesium-deficient rats than control rats for any given filtered load, which suggests either a defect of a resetting of the reabsorption mechanism. Recollection micropuncture demonstrated that this was a characteristic of the loop of Henle. Proximal magnesium reabsorption remained unchanged at 15% of the filtered load and was unaffected by magnesium deficiency or acute magnesium repletion. Distal tubular magnesium reabsorption was limited during depletion and increased to a similar extent in control and deficient rats with enhanced magnesium delivery. Calcium reabsorption was not altered in magnesium deficiency; however, elevations of extracellular magnesium resulted in a specific inhibition of calcium reabsorption within the loop of Henle. These data suggest that overall control of renal magnesium reabsorption occurs within the loop of Henle and that the proximal tubule reabsorbs a constant fraction of the filtered load despite variations in body magnesium status.
Allergen‐induced nasal hyperreactivity appears unrelated to the size of the nasal and dermal immediate allergic reaction
Authors: M. Andersson, B. V. Kogerer, P. Andersson, U. Pipkorn
Journal: Allergy (1987)

It has been previously demonstrated in nasal challenge studies that there is an increased sensitivity to allergen following an initial allergen challenge. A similar feature has been demonstrated following natural allergen exposure in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. To further explore the characteristics of this “priming” phenomenon and its relationship to other expressions of their allergic airway disease, 28 hay fever patients with strictly seasonal disease were studied. Skin tests with the relevant pollen allergen and histamine were performed and the size of the immediate and late phase allergic reaction was determined. An initial nasal allergen challenge was followed by a rechallenge of the nose with allergen 24 h later using a lavage technique. Determinations of TAME‐esterase activity, as a biochemical marker of the allergic reaction, were made in the returned lavage fluid. The number of sneezes was counted and nasal symptoms were also assessed using a scoring technique. 19 of 28 patients (67%), displayed an increased responsiveness at rechallenge with similar findings in terms of symptom scores and TAME‐esterase measurements. The increase was statistically significant for the symptoms of nasal blockage, which increased from 0.7 ± 0.1 (mean ± SEM) to 1.1 ±0.2 (P ± 0.05), and nasal secretion which rose from 1.1 ± 0.2 to 1.7 ± 0.2 (P &lt; 0.01). A composite nasal symptom score which also took account of the number of sneezes, increased from 2.9 ± 0.4 to 4.0 ± 0.3 (P &lt; 0.01). The TAME‐esterase activity in the recovered lavage fluid following challenge with the same allergen dose increased from 11.7 ± 2.4 to 18.7 ± 2.8 CPM/10 3 (P &lt; 0.01). No correlation was found between the increased responsiveness and the size of initial immediate reaction either in the nose or in the skin, or the presence or size of any late phase dermal reaction. There was, however, a correlation between the size of initial allergen response in the nose and skin (r = 0.43). As an increased responsiveness to allergen appears to be of clinical significance at natural allergen exposure, further studies of the pathophysiology of this phenomenon are called for.
Evaluation of Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio to Predict No-Reflow in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Abdulkadir Yıldız, Abdullah Tuncez, Nihat Polat, Halit Acet, Mustafa Oylumlu, Murat Yuksel, Abdurrahman Akyuz, Mesut Aydin, Mehmet Zihni Bilik, Mehmet Ata Akil, Faruk Ertas, Hasan Kaya, Mehmet Ali Elbey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Prevention of spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma in long-evans cinnamon rats with hereditary hepatitis by th administration of d-penicillamine
Authors: Kang Jong-Hon, Yuji Togashi, Hiroshi Kasai, Masuo Hosokawa, Noritoshi Takeichi
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Acute hepatitis spontaneously develops in the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat at the age of 4 mo, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma develops after the chronic hepatitis that persists for over a year. Previously, abnormal copper accumulation was found in the livers of Long-Evans Cinnamon rats from birth, and it was reported that short-term administration of D-penicillamine, a copper-chelating agent, prevented acute hepatitis in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats. In this study we investigated whether long-term administration of D-penicillamine could also prevent chronic hepatitis and subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats. During long-term observation, which was continued from 11 to 70 wk after birth, no elevation of serum transaminase levels was observed in the Long-Evans Cinnamon rats treated with D-penicillamine. Moreover, no histological changes characteristic of the chronic hepatitis were observed in D-penicillamine-treated Long-Evans Cinnamon rats, which were killed at 70 wk of age. Furthermore, placental glutathione S-transferase-positive foci, described as a marker for preneoplastic lesions in the liver, were not detected, and thus hepatocarcinogenesis was completely prevented in D-penicillamine-treated Long-Evans Cinnamon rats. We also found that the amount of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine, one of oxidative DNA damage products in the liver, was decreased in the Long-Evans Cinnamon rats treated with D-penicillamine. These findings suggest that a process of the prolonged liver-cell injury and regeneration was essential for spontaneous development of hepatocellular carcinoma in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats with abnormal copper metabolism.
Final attempts are made to stop and amend the health bill
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP) is a common upper limb complaint. It has been suggested that this condition is more common among people with cardiometabolic risk factors. This systematic review has synthesised evidence from case–control, cross-sectional and cohort studies on the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and RCRSP. <h3>Design and data sources</h3> Five medical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL and AMED) and reference checking methods were used to identify all relevant English articles that considered MetS and RCRSP. Studies were appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Two reviewers performed critical appraisal and data extraction. Narrative synthesis was performed via content analysis of statistically significant associations. <h3>Results</h3> Three cross-sectional, two case–control and one cohort study met the inclusion criteria, providing a total of 1187 individuals with RCRSP. Heterogeneity in methodology and RCRSP or MetS definition precluded a meaningful meta-analysis. Four of the included studies identified associations between the prevalence of MetS and RCRSP. Studies consistently identified independent cardiometabolic risk factors associated with RCRSP. All studies were level III evidence. <h3>Summary and conclusion</h3> The low-moderate quality evidence included in this review suggests an association between MetS and RCRSP. Most studies demonstrated moderate quality on appraisal. The direction of association and cardiometabolic factors influencing should be investigated by longitudinal and treatment studies. These preliminary conclusions and clinical utility should be treated with caution due to limitations of the evidence base.
An evaluation of automaticity and triggered activity in the canine heart one to four days after myocardial infarction.
Authors: H le Marec, K H Dangman, P Danilo, M R Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Both abnormal automaticity and triggered activity induced by delayed afterdepolarizations have been proposed as the primary mechanism for ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurring in dogs 24 hr after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Because of this controversy, we studied the effects of ventricular pacing and therapeutic concentrations of lidocaine and ethmozin on sustained rhythmic activity of isolated subendocardial preparations excised from the infarct, and on VT in conscious dogs. There were differences in the sustained rhythmic activity cycle length of isolated preparations and the VT cycle length that were attributable to the absence of sympathetic input in the former and its presence in the latter. In isolated tissues, pacing for 1 or 10 beats reset the sustained rhythmic activity and pacing for 1 min induced overdrive suppression. Lidocaine (5 micrograms/ml) had no effect on sustained rhythmic activity but ethmozin (2 micrograms/ml) suppressed it. Delayed afterdepolarizations occurred but appeared to be induced by pacing or by the hyperpolarization associated with recovery. Although delayed afterdepolarizations were infrequent at 24 hr, their frequency increased with the hyperpolarization of the membrane that occurred at 48 to 96 hr after infarction. Delayed afterdepolarizations also occurred more readily when superfusate temperature was lowered. In conscious dogs, pacing the VT for 1 or 10 beats or 1 min had no effect. Lidocaine (2 to 10 micrograms/ml) did not affect the VT but ethmozin (2 to 5 micrograms/ml) increased VT cycle length significantly. Pacing for 1 min in the presence of ethmozin, but not lidocaine, converted VT to sinus rhythm. Our results suggest that although delayed afterdepolarizations occur at 24 hr after infarction in the standard Harris preparation, they are most readily seen as an accompaniment of hyperpolarization, pacing, or lowering of bath temperature. The predominant rhythm at 24 hr appears to be automatic.
Platelet kinetics in human immunodeficiency virus induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zoher Bel‐Ali, Valérie Dufour, Yves Najean
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract A platelet kinetic study was performed in 34 patients (33 homosexuals and/or drug addicts) with (in most of them) severe and isolated thrombocytopenia and human immunodeficiency virus positive serological tests. The reported data indicate that the thrombocytopenia is due to an extracorpuscular hyperdestruction. The sequestration of the labeled platelets is exclusively splenic in most of the cases. Splenectomy was successful in the ten cases in which it was done; however, corticoids showed no or low effect, and Ig‐G infusion had only a temporary efficacy.
Prostacyclin protects renal tubular cells from gentamicin-induced apoptosis via a PPARα-dependent pathway
Authors: Y.-H. Hsu, C.-H. Chen, C.-C. Hou, Y.-M. Sue, C.-Y. Cheng, T.-H. Cheng, H. Lin, W.-L. Tsai, P. Chan, T.-H. Chen
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Hospital discharge reports: content and design.
Authors: A J Tulloch, G H Fowler, J J McMullan, J M Spence
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The information required by family doctors on initial and final discharge reports from hospitals was specified and 546 such reports from hospitals in Aylesbury, Amersham, Banbury, Oxford, and High Wycombe were reviewed for the availability and accessibility of important information. Several items could have been recorded better, including the name of the hospital, the specialty (or department) concerned, and the name of the consultant in charge of the case. Drug reactions seemed to be under-reported in the initial discharge reports and information about treatment on discharge was inadequate. The recording of the prognosis and information given to the patient was deficient and communication on follow-up needs to be improved. The use of obscure abbreviations was widespread. There is room for improvement in the ease of access to important information, especially the diagnostic assessment, and the time taken for final reports to reach the general practitioner.
In vitro efficacy of forodesine and nelarabine (ara-G) in pediatric leukemia
Authors: Irene Homminga, C. Michel Zwaan, Chantal Y. Manz, Cynthia Parker, Shanta Bantia, Willem Korstiaan Smits, Fiona Higginbotham, Rob Pieters, Jules P. P. Meijerink
Journal: Blood (2011)
Regulation of ventricular atrial natriuretic peptide release in hypertrophied rat myocardium. Effects of exercise.
Authors: H Ruskoaho, P Kinnunen, T Taskinen, O Vuolteenaho, J Leppäluoto, T E Takala
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Left ventricular hypertrophy is characterized by stimulation of ventricular synthesis of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the increased ventricular ANP levels participate in the release of ANP into the circulation. Swimming was used as a physiologic model to induce ANP release from the heart, and atrial and ventricular levels of immunoreactive ANP (IR-ANP) and ANP messenger RNA (mRNA) were measured simultaneously in the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats at rest and after swimming. IR-ANP concentration in the left ventricle of 1-year-old SHR with severe left ventricular hypertrophy was increased in association with the augmentation of ANP mRNA levels, whereas right ventricular levels of ANP were reduced in SHR compared with normotensive controls. A 30-minute exercise in hypertensive and in normotensive rats resulted in marked increases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, plasma catecholamine levels, blood lactate levels, and plasma IR-ANP concentration. The increased ANP secretion was associated with a decrease in left (34-39%) and right (24%) ventricular concentration of IR-ANP; transmurally, this depletion of ventricular IR-ANP was greatest (28%) in the endocardial layer of the left ventricle of SHR. No significant differences were noted in total atrial and left or right auricular IR-ANP concentration between SHR and WKY rats or between the resting and swimming rats. When studied in vitro with an isolated, perfused heart preparation, the hypertrophic ventricular tissue after atrialectomy secreted more ANP into the perfusate than did control hearts; in SHR, ventricles contributed 28% of the total ANP release to perfusate, and in normotensive control rats, ventricles contributed 8%. These studies show that stimulated release of ANP is associated with depletion of endocardial left ventricular stores. The amount of ANP released in vitro and in vivo correlated with the degree of hypertrophy of the ventricle. Finally, the phorbol ester, known to increase ANP secretion from intact perfused hearts, had only a limited effect on ANP release after atrialectomy, suggesting that the secretion of ANP from ventricular cells may be mainly of the constitutive type.
Processes models, environmental analyses, and cognitive architectures: Quo vadis quantum probability theory?
Authors: Julian N. Marewski, Ulrich Hoffrage
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract A lot of research in cognition and decision making suffers from a lack of formalism. The quantum probability program could help to improve this situation, but we wonder whether it would provide even more added value if its presumed focus on outcome models were complemented by process models that are, ideally, informed by ecological analyses and integrated into cognitive architectures.
Book: Beating Stress in the NHS
Authors: S. Dosani
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Ruth Chambers, Anthony Schwartz, Elizabeth Boath Radcliffe Medical Press, £24.95, pp 168 ISBN 1 85775 927 3 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Borrowing techniques from therapy and life coaching, this book offers stress reduction remedies, resources, and encouragement. It is visually appealing, with cartoons, bulleted checklists, and boxed exercises breaking up short chunks of text. Reading this book won't change your life. Completing the exercises, learning new techniques, and implementing them may … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Colonic epithelial cell proliferation in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
Authors: S E Green, P Chapman, J Burn, A D Burt, M Bennett, D R Appleton, J S Varma, J C Mathers
Journal: Gut (1998)

Despite the recent discovery of four genes responsible for up to 90% of all cases of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), there will still be families in whom predictive testing is not possible. A phenotypic biomarker would therefore be useful. An upwards shift of the proliferative compartment in colonic crypts is reported to be one of the earliest changes in premalignant mucosa.To assess the role of crypt cell proliferation as a phenotypic biomarker in HNPCC.Thirty five patients at 50% risk of carrying the HNPCC gene (21 of whom subsequently underwent predictive testing and hence gene carrier status was known) and 18 controls.Crypt cell proliferation was measured at five sites in the colon using two different techniques. Labelling index was determined using the monoclonal antibody MIB1 and whole crypt mitotic index was measured using the microdissection and crypt squash technique. The distribution of proliferating cells within the crypts was also assessed.There were no significant differences in the total labelling index or mean number of mitoses per crypt, nor in the distribution of proliferating cells within the crypt, between the study and control groups at any site. When the 21 patients in whom gene carrier status was known were analysed separately there were no significant differences in the measured indices of proliferation between the HNPCC gene carriers and non-gene carriers.Crypt cell proliferation is not a discriminative marker of gene carriage in HNPCC.
Late Results of Haemorrhoidectomy by Ligature and Excision
Authors: R. C. Bennett, M. H. W. Friedman, J. C. Goligher
Journal: BMJ (1963)

URINARY CALCULI MEDIALisReviewing our proved cases of urinary calculi and hyperparathyroidism, we found that the pre-operative serum calcium levels were all recorded to be persistently greater than 12 mg./100ml., although Pyrah (1956) and Black (1953) have reported cases with pre-operative serum calcium values less than 12 mg./ 100 ml.In 21 patients with urinary calculi seen in the period 1955-9, and in whom the serum calcium values continued to range from It to 12 mg./ 100 ml., a follow-up period of two to seven years has shown no conclusive evidence of hyperparathyroidism ; some of these patients have shown excess excretion of urinary calcium, and in one there was radiological evidence of new stone formation, but none of these abnormal features have occurred consistently or together in the same patient.It seems unlikely, therefore, that any cases of hyperparathyroidism have been over- looked in the patients attending this unit with urinary calculi.At the present time it is felt that patients with serial calcium values consistently greater than 10.5 mg./100 ml. and urinary calcium outputs on an ordinary diet con- sistently in excess of 350 mg./24 hours should be admitted to hospital for more elaborate investigations of calcium metabolism, although in our experience it is unlikely that a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism will be established unless the serum calcium concentration is persistently above 12 mg./100ml.It is intended to continue to follow up the group of patients who have had minimal hypercalcaemia (11-12 mg.j 100 ml.), though it seems unlikely that after an interval of two to seven years without recurrent stone formation a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism will be made in any of them.SummaryBecause of the low incidence of hyperparathyroidism in patients with urinary calculus disease attending the uro- logical unit of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital during 1955--9 the methods of diagnosing this condition have been reviewed.The frequency distribution of the normal serum I wish to thank Mr.