tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of HIV related Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with potent antiretroviral therapy: prospective cohort study
Authors: B. Ledergerber, A. Telenti, M. Egger
Journal: BMJ (1999)

ConclusionOur study identified a level of cylinder usage whereby it becomes cost effective to provide oxygen by concentrator at home in Northern Ireland.A more widespread provision of concentrators is likely to represent a cost saving.We would advocate that regional health authorities review their current arrangements for provision of oxygen at home and perform a cost analysis to determine at what level it becomes more cost effective to provide oxygen by concentrator. Contributors:LGH had the original idea for the study, retrieved the data
Comparative effects of calcipotriol solution (50 μg/ml) and betamethasone 17-valerate solution (1 mg/ml) in the treatment of scalp psoriasis
Authors: M.R. KLABER, P.E. HUTCHINSON, A. PEDVIS-LEFTICK, K. KRAGBALLE, T.L. REUNALA, P.C.M. KERKHOF, M.K. JOHNSSON, L. MOLIN, M.S. CORBETT, N. DOWNES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

The efficacy, tolerability and safety of calcipotriol solution and betamethasone 17-valerate solution were compared in a multicentre, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel group study. Four hundred and seventy-four patients with scalp psoriasis were recruited from six European countries and Canada. Following a 2-week washout period, either calcipotriol solution (50 μg/ml) or betamethasone 17-valerate solution (1 mg/ml) was applied twice daily for 4 weeks. After this time, patients who required no further active treatment were observed for relapse. Retreatment with calcipotriol was offered to those patients who relapsed, and who were originally in the calcipotriol-treated group. The two treatment groups were well matched at baseline. At the end of treatment, the proportion of patients who had 'cleared' or 'markedly improved' was statistically significantly greater in the betamethasone group (75%) than in the calcipotriol group (58%) (P < 0.001) (95% confidence interval of difference 25.3 → 8.6). The decrease in total sign score (sum of scores for erythema, thickness and scaliness) at the end of treatment was also statistically significantly greater in the betamethasone group (61%) than the calcipotriol group (45%) (P < 0.001) (95% confidence interval of difference 9.7 → 23.1). Adverse events were reported by 87 patients in the calcipotriol group, and 31 patients in the betamethasone group; the most common was lesional or perilesional irritation, which occurred significantly more frequently with calcipotriol (26%) than with betamethasone (8%) (P < 0.001). Fifteen patients (6%) in the calcipotriol group and four (1%) in the betamethasone group withdrew from the study because of adverse events or unacceptable treatment response (P < 0.017). There was no statistically significant change in serum total calcium in either treatment group. There was no significant difference in the rate of relapse between the two treatment groups. In the 69 calcipotriol-treated patients who relapsed, re-treatment with calcipotriol was effective and well tolerated. Calcipotriol solution was effective in treating mild to moderate scalp psoriasis. However, betamethasone solution was significantly more effective, and was associated with statistically significantly less local irritation on the scalp and face.
Treatment of Hypertrophic Muscular Subaortic Stenosis by Septectomy.
Authors: Robert D. Bloodwell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Treatment of Hypertrophic Muscular Subaortic Stenosis by Septectomy.Robert D. Bloodwell, M.D., Robert D. Leachman, M.D., Grady L. Hallman, M.D., Don W. Chapman, M.D., F.A.C.P., Denton A. Cooly, M.D.Robert D. Bloodwell, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert D. Leachman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Grady L. Hallman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Don W. Chapman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Denton A. Cooly, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1033_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough the pathogenesis of muscular subaortic stenosis remains obscure and hemodynamic alterations remain in controversy, most observers regard this lesion as a well-established clinical entity. The wide spectrum of symptomatic and physiologic involvement leads to difficulty in developing methods of selecting patients for surgical therapy and evaluating results. Many successful operations have been reported that reduce the gradient across the left ventricular outflow, leading to relief of congestive failure, syncope, and angina. Previous direct techniques such as simple myotomy or excision of subvalvular myocardium by a transaortic approach have not been entirely satisfactory.Results of operative treatment of 26 patients... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert D. Bloodwell, M.D.; Robert D. Leachman, M.D.; Grady L. Hallman, M.D.; Don W. Chapman, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Denton A. Cooly, M.D.Affiliations: Houston, Texas PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe surgical treatment of congenital aortic stenosis 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1033-1034KeywordsAnginaHemodynamicsLesionsMyocardiumPathogenesisPatientsStenosisSyncope ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Patients with type 1 diabetes exhibit altered cerebral metabolism during hypoglycemia
Authors: Kim C.C. van de Ven, Cees J. Tack, Arend Heerschap, Marinette van der Graaf, Bastiaan E. de Galan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) experience, on average, 2 to 3 hypoglycemic episodes per week. This study investigated the effect of hypoglycemia on cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with uncomplicated T1DM. For this purpose, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic and hypoglycemic glucose clamps were performed on separate days, using [1-13C]glucose infusion to increase plasma 13C enrichment. In vivo brain 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the time course of 13C label incorporation into different metabolites and to calculate the tricarboxylic acid cycle flux (VTCA) by a one-compartment metabolic model. We found that cerebral glucose metabolism, as reflected by the VTCA, was not significantly different comparing euglycemic and hypoglycemic conditions in patients with T1DM. However, the VTCA was inversely related to the HbA1C and was, under hypoglycemic conditions, approximately 45% higher than that in a previously investigated group of healthy subjects. These data suggest that the brains of patients with T1DM are better able to endure moderate hypoglycemia than those of subjects without diabetes.
TIME-RESOLVED LEFT VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIAL STRESS IN HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION REVEALS A MARKED INCREASE IN LATE SYSTOLIC MYOCARDIAL LOAD
Authors: Rahul Chandrashekhar, Scott Akers, Amin Vakilipour, Prithvi Shiva-Kumar, Philip Haines, Snigdha Jain, Hassam Saif, Walter Witschey, Victor A. Ferrari, Julio A. Chirinos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Decreased Hippocampal Blood Flow Related to Memory Impairment After Cardiovascular Surgery: Assessment by Reconstructed SPECT Parallel to the Longitudinal Axis of the Hippocampal Formations
Authors: TSUNEHIKO NISHIMURA, KAZUKI FUKUCHI, KOHEI HAYASHIDA, YOSHIAKI HIROSE, BUN-ICHI IWAMOTO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Hippocampal damage has been linked to memory impairment. To clarify the relationship between decreased hippocampal blood flow and memory impairment in patients after cardiovascular surgery, the authors compared Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT findings and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Eight patients who had valve replacement, two who underwent aorto-coronary bypass, two who had aortic aneurysm replacement and one who had a ventricular septal defect closure were included in this study. Cerebral perfusion was estimated using reconstructed tomographic images, which were parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hippocampal formations. The hippocampal uptake ratios of Tc-99m HMPAO were calculated and normalized to that of the cerebellum. In three patients whose MMSE score decreased after surgery, the hippocampal uptake ratio was significantly reduced (0.69 +/- 0.09) compared with the remaining 10 patients whose MMSE scores did not decrease after surgery (0.91 +/- 0.02). These data suggest that SPECT imaging parallel to the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus is sensitive to decreased hippocampal blood flow, and decreased hippocampal blood flow is related to memory impairment in some patients after cardiovascular surgery.
South Africa: does a truth commission promote social reconciliation?
Authors: D. Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In South Africa the Truth and Reconciliation Commission is winding to a close next year after a marathon of testimony taking from victims and perpetrators. It has pushed rather harder than similarly named commissions in El Salvador or Argentina, where the political and military order implicated in the events under investigation was still essentially in power. Its purpose has been to facilitate society's recognition of the extent of state violence during apartheid by recording the accounts of ordinary victims and thus promote reconciliation.

What can we reliably say about the role of public apology, acknowledgment, and forgiveness in the aftermath …
Why do people with rheumatoid arthritis still die prematurely?
Authors: S E Gabriel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Premature death has been long recognised as a manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Three lines of evidence can explain why patients with RA die prematurely and why the mortality gap between patients with RA and the general population appears to widening. First, patients with RA have a higher risk of several serious comorbid conditions and they tend to experience worse outcomes after the occurrence of these illnesses. Second, patients with RA do not appear to receive optimal primary or secondary preventive care. And third, the systemic inflammation and immune dysfunction associated with RA appears to promote and accelerate comorbidity and mortality. This paper provides a brief summary and interpretation of the data underlying these findings. Together, these results provide a compelling argument in favour of a focused research programme aimed specifically at eliminating premature death in patients with RA.
MULTIPLE PERIOSTEAL SARCOMATA OF THE CRANIUMWITH INVOLVEMENT OF RETROPERITONEAL LYMPH NODES, AND ATTENDING SEVERE, PROBABLY PERNICIOUS, ANEMIA.
Authors: WALTER L. BIERRING
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Through the exhaustive work of Warthin the retroperitoneal lymph nodes or hemolymph glands have been given an important rêle in human pathology. Changes in these hitherto frequently unrecognized structures are specially significant of anemia and processes accompanied by hemolysis. I feel that the case, a description of which I wish to submit, illustrates this relationship in a special way, and offers a few additional points of pathologic interest as to warrant its being presented before this section. The case occurred in the practice of Dr. C. B. Kimball of West Liberty, Iowa, to whom I feel indebted for calling my attention to it and furnishing me with the principal clinical data, which in brief were as follows: A. B., girl 5 years of age, who until three months before her death enjoyed good health and had been regarded as an unusually robust child. When first seen
NOVEL MECHANISM FOR THE SUSTAINED DURABILITY OF PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN-KEXIN TYPE 9 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY LY3015014
Authors: Patrick Eacho, Krista Schroeder, Thomas Beyer, Ryan Hansen, Victor Wroblewski, Bomie Han, Richard Pickard, Mark Kowala
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Authors' reply to Llewellyn
Authors: W. McNulty, G. Cox, I. Au-Yong
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Llewellyn gives an interesting insight into the intricacies of likelihood ratios.1 2 Investigating solitary pulmonary nodules may require multiple, invasive investigations with a significant burden on the patient. The probability of malignancy varies widely, depending on patient and radiological …
The delta agent comes of age.
Authors: H C Thomas
Journal: Gut (1985)

Combretastatin-A4 (CA-4) is a natural derivative of the African willow tree Combretum caffrum. CA-4 is one of the most potent anti-mitotic components of natural origin but it is however intrinsically unstable. A novel series of CA-4 analogues incorporating a 3,4-diaryl-2-azetidinone (β-lactam) ring were designed and synthesised with the objective to prevent cis-trans isomerisation and improve the intrinsic stability without altering the biological activity of CA-4. Evaluation of selected β-lactam CA-4 analogues demonstrated potent anti-tubulin, anti-proliferative and anti-mitotic effects in human leukemia cells. A lead β-lactam analogue, CA-476 displayed comparable antiproliferative activities with CA-4. CA-476 induced rapid apoptosis in HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells which was accompanied by depolymerisation of the microtubular network, PARP cleavage, caspase-3 activation and Bcl-2 cleavage. A prolonged G2M cell cycle arrest accompanied with a sustained phosphorylation of mitotic spindle checkpoint protein, BubR1, and the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL preceded apoptotic events in K562 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Molecular docking studies in conjunction with comprehensive cell line data rule out CA-4 and β-lactam derivatives as P-glycoprotein substrates. Furthermore, both CA-4 and CA-476 induced significantly more apoptosis compared to imatinib mesylate in ex-vivo CML patient samples including those positive for the T315I mutation displaying resistance to imatinib mesylate and dasatinib. In summary, synthetic intrinsically stable analogues of CA-4 have been designed and synthesised which display significant clinical potential as anti-leukemic agents.
Book Review The Placenta and Neurodisability (Clinics in Developmental Medicine. No. 169.) Edited by Philip Baker and Colin Sibley. 153 pp., illustrated. London, Mac Keith Press, 2006. $75. 978-1-898-68344-5 Biology and Pathology of Trophoblast Edited by Ashley Moffett, Charlie Loke, and Anne McLaren. 272 pp., illustrated. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2006. $110. 978-0-521-85165-7
Authors: Drucilla J. Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Clinical Experience with Intraurethral Alprostadil (MUSE&lt;sup&gt;&amp;reg;&lt;/sup&gt;) in the Treatment of Men with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Andr&eacute; T. Guay, Jes&uacute;s B. Perez, Ernesto Vel&aacute;squez, Robert A. Newton, Jerilynn P. Jacobson
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Introducing Selfcite 2.0--career enhancing software
Authors: N. Craddock, M. C O'Donovan, M. J Owen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Citation rate is becoming increasingly important as an index of success within medical academia.1 Self citation (referencing one's own earlier publications in a new publication) is a useful method for increasing citation rate.2 Although some academics are undoubted masters of this approach, maximising the benefit from self citation can be tedious, so we have developed a user friendly software package, Selfcite, to help in this task. In this paper we introduce the theory of self citation and give a short description of the Selfcite program.
An assessment of the quality of life in older patients with skin disease
Authors: M. Shah, M. Coates
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

There are few data regarding quality of life in older people with skin disease, particularly concerning those with skin cancer. Access to U.K. secondary care dermatological services is increasingly focusing on skin cancer, which may have a negative effect on waiting times for patients with rashes.To assess the quality of life in patients aged 65 years and over and to determine how this relates to type and extent of skin disease.One hundred consecutive new dermatology patient referrals aged 65 years and above had quality of life assessed by the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Illness Perception Questionnaire. Patients were examined for type and extent of skin disease.There were 49 men (mean age 75.1 years) and 51 women (mean age 75.0 years). Fifty-five per cent of patients had been referred with one or more lesions (76% premalignant or malignant) and 45% had rashes. There was no significant difference between the quality of life scores of men vs. women regarding all three of the questionnaires. However, patients with rashes scored significantly higher (i.e. poorer quality of life) on all but one of the questionnaire parts compared with patients with lesions. Patients with more extensive disease had significantly higher DLQI scores.Older people suffering from rashes had significantly poorer quality of life than patients with lesions, even those with skin cancer. The quality of life is negatively associated with extent of skin disease. Access to specialist dermatological care should take into account the suffering caused by extensive skin diseases. DLQI and a general quality of life questionnaire such as the HADS are quick to deliver and to score, particularly in the setting of a busy outpatient department. They provide an excellent screening tool for psychological problems in older people with skin disease.
Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 Is Essential for Suppressing Dendritic Cell Activation and Systemic Autoimmunity
Authors: Toshikatsu Hanada, Hiroki Yoshida, Seiya Kato, Kentaro Tanaka, Kohsuke Masutani, Jun Tsukada, Yoshio Nomura, Hiromitsu Mimata, Masato Kubo, Akihiko Yoshimura
Journal: Immunity (2003)
Thyroid Nodules and Ultrasound
Authors: JOEL I. HAMBURGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 January 1974Thyroid Nodules and UltrasoundJOEL I. HAMBURGER, M.D.JOEL I. HAMBURGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-1-112 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The excellent paper by Miskin, Rosen, and Walfish (1) clearly shows the utility of ultrasound for differentiating cystic from solid thyroid nodules (not an original observation, as they indicated). I agree with their suggestion that combined ultrasound-scintiscan evaluation will increase the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis and thus reduce the number of benign nodules excised unnecessarily. But proof of this hypothesis requires comparative data on the accuracy of the diagnosis of malignancy in thyroid nodules before and after ultrasound availability, data not provided by them.For several years, on the basis of clinical and scan data, I have...References1. MISKINROSENWALFISH MIP: B-mode ultrasonography in assessment of thyroid gland lesions. Ann Intern Med 79:505-510, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. HAMBURGER J: Nontoxic Goiter: Concept and Controversy. Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1973, pp. 108-124 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOEL I. HAMBURGER, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byManagement of thyroid nodules. I: History and physical examination, blood tests, x-ray tests, and ultrasonographyIs Needle Aspiration of the Cystic Thyroid Nodule Effective and Safe Treatment?The dilemma of the solitary thyroid nodule: Resolution through decision analysisUltrasonic diagnosis in pediatrics The state of the art of ultrasonic diagnosis in pediatrics today Part II 1 January 1974Volume 80, Issue 1Page: 112-113KeywordsThyroidUltrasound imaging ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma: Pathological spectrum and clinical outcome in 51 consecutive patients
Authors: A. Sah, S.L. Barrans, L.A. Parapia, A.S. Jack, R.G. Owen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

The clinical behavior and optimal treatment of patients presenting with skin infiltration by B-cell lymphoma have not been established. To clarify this we assessed the clinical and laboratory features of 51 patients presenting with cutaneous infiltration by B-cell lymphoma. Follow-up data was available for 46 patients with a median age of 68 years (range 16-89 years) and a median follow-up of 32.5 months (range 5-123 months). Thirty-three of 51 (65%) patients had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and 15/51 (29%) had marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). The remaining 3 patients had follicular lymphoma, CLL, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Of the 33 patients with DLBCL, follow-up was available in 29; 24/29 (83%) had primary cutaneous disease, which was unifocal in 17/24 (71%). Following treatment, 8/24 (33%) of the primary cases relapsed. Of the 8 who relapsed, 7 had received local forms of treatment only. Follow-up data was available in 14/15 patients with MZL. 11/14 (79%) had primary cutaneous disease, which was unifocal in 8 (73%). Following treatment, 4 of these cases relapsed (36%); all had received local therapy only. It is evident from this study that a significant proportion ( reverse similar 20%) of patients who present with cutaneous infiltration by B-cell lymphoma have systemic disease. Staging is therefore mandatory in these patients. Approximately 1/3 patients with primary cutaneous DLBCL or MZL ultimately relapse, and relapse rates appear higher in those patients receiving local therapy only. Systemic or combined modality therapy may therefore be the most appropriate treatment at presentation. This should be assessed prospectively in randomized trials.
Removal of Undeflatable Indwelling Catheter
Authors: Jack L. Kelley
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Catheterization of the urinary bladder is such a commonly practiced procedure in medicine that everyone eventually is faced with one or more of its accompanying complications. An uncommon, but perplexing problem is the indwelling catheter that cannot be removed, because the balloon will not decompress by the usual method of aspiration. One then might be tempted to inject more water until the balloon breaks. However this can produce even further complications. A simple solution to this problem is to inject 0.5 cc of ether into the inflation duct leading to the balloon. Immediately a painless pop will occur within the bladder and the catheter is then easily withdrawn. Discomfort or other adverse sequelae have not occurred with this procedure in five clinical situations. No apparent obstruction was found in any of the removed catheters. Possibly, a small bit of debris acted as a ball valve inside the
Benzene-mediated protein kinase C activation.
Authors: C Da Silva, X T Fan, M Castagna
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Extracellular ligands transfer information into the cell through several pathways that operate in an integrated fashion. Protein kinase C, and enzyme that plays a pivotal role in signal transduction, is the molecular target for tumor promoters from the series of phorbol esters. A number of structurally unrelated tumor promoters also enhance protein kinase C, interacting or not interacting with the phorbol ester binding site. Evidence is provided that benzene potently activate protein kinase C in vitro, as well as in intact platelets. The drug does not compete for the phorbol ester binding site and probably affects the hydrophobic environment requires for full enzyme activation. Toluene is equally active. The relevance of the presented findings in the carcinogenic effects of benzene is discussed.