tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differences in alpha-adrenergic responsiveness between human internal mammary arteries and saphenous veins.
Authors: J S Weinstein, W Grossman, R M Weintraub, R L Thurer, R G Johnson, K G Morgan
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Little is known regarding specific biologic and pharmacologic differences between human internal mammary arteries and saphenous veins. To better define the role of alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction in human internal mammary arteries and saphenous veins, we obtained fresh specimens of both vessels from 32 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Dose-response curves were generated for the relatively selective alpha 1-receptor agonist phenylephrine, the alpha 2-receptor agonist BHT-920, and the alpha 1- and alpha 2-receptor agonist norepinephrine. Phenylephrine elicited similar contractile responses in internal mammary arteries and saphenous veins, with a mean EC50 (the effective concentration necessary to produce 50% of the maximal contraction) of 1.4 X 10(-6) M for internal mammary arteries and 1.8 X 10(-6) M for saphenous veins (p = NS). Selective stimulation of alpha 2-receptors with BHT-920 elicited a marked contractile response only in saphenous veins. Dose-response curves for phenylephrine and BHT-920 were shifted to the right for both vessels in the presence of the alpha 1-receptor antagonist prazosin and the alpha 2-receptor antagonist yohimbine, respectively. Norepinephrine elicited contraction at a lower concentration in saphenous veins than in internal mammary arteries with a mean EC50 of 7.8 X 10(-8) M for saphenous veins and a mean EC50 of 3.4 X 10(-7) M for internal mammary arteries (p less than 0.05). The results suggest that alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction is caused primarily by alpha 1-receptors in human internal mammary arteries and by alpha 1- and alpha 2-receptors in human saphenous veins.
Don't give up hope
Authors: Kaushal Raj Pandey
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In a recent visit to the intensive care unit I saw a 69 year old Hindu patient. His case was unusual in that he had been brought back to our hospital after active treatment had been declined by his family at an earlier presentation.

He had first visited the hospital 25 days previously for limb weakness and bladder and bowel incontinence associated with dizziness but no headache. He had no spinal injury, and the results from magnetic resonance imaging were normal. He was sent back home with conservative management—corticosteroid, multivitamins, …
DIET DRINK CONSUMPTION AND THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS: A REPORT FROM THE WOMEN'S HEALTH INITIATIVE
Authors: Ankur Vyas, Linda Rubenstein, Jennifer Robinson, Rebecca Seguinz, Mara Z. Vitolins, Rasa Kazlauskaite, James Shikany, Karen C. Johnson, Linda Snetselaar, Robert Wallace
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Biologic Monitoring of Exposure to Environmental Chemicals throughout the Life Stages: Requirements and Issues for Consideration for the National Children’s Study
Authors: Dana B. Barr, Richard Y. Wang, Larry L. Needham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Biomonitoring of exposure is a useful tool for assessing environmental exposures. The matrices available for analyses include blood, urine, breast milk, adipose tissue, and saliva, among others. The sampling can be staged to represent the particular time period of concern: preconceptionally from both parents, from a pregnant woman during each of the three trimesters, during and immediately after childbirth, from the mother postnatally, and from the child as it develops to 21 years of age. The appropriate sample for biomonitoring will depend upon matrix availability, the time period of concern for a particular exposure or health effect, and the different classes of environmental chemicals to be monitored. This article describes the matrices available for biomonitoring during the life stages being evaluated in the National Children's Study; the best biologic matrices for exposure assessment for each individual chemical class, including consideration of alternative matrices; the analytical methods used for analysis, including quality control procedures and less costly alternatives; the costs of analysis; optimal storage conditions; and chemical and matrix stability during long-term storage.
Serum glutamate dehydrogenase as a marker of hepatocyte necrosis in alcoholic liver disease.
Authors: P R Mills, R J Spooner, R I Russell, P Boyle, R N MacSween
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Serum glutamate dehydrogenase concentration was assessed as a marker of the degree of hepatocyte necrosis found at liver biopsy in 95 patients suspected of having alcoholic liver disease. Although the serum concentration was raised in 54 patients, no relation between it and the severity of hepatocyte necrosis could be established. Glutamate dehydrogenase was therefore not confirmed to be a useful indicator of hepatocyte necrosis in patients with chronic alcoholism.
Clinical Outcomes with First-Line Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and a History of Diabetes: Results From the Aries Observational Cohort Study
Authors: J. Bendell, A. Cohn, Y. Mun, S. Fish, N. Sommer, A. Grothey
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Sex-stratified Linkage Analysis Identifies a Female-specific Locus for IgE to Cockroach in Costa Ricans
Authors: Gary M. Hunninghake, Jessica Lasky-Su, Manuel E. Soto-Quirós, Lydiana Avila, Catherine Liang, Stephen L. Lake, Thomas J. Hudson, Mitzi Spesny, Eduardo Fournier, Jody S. Sylvia, Nelson B. Freimer, Barbara J. Klanderman, Benjamin A. Raby, Juan C. Celedón
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

The basis for gender influences on allergen-specific IgEs is unclear.To perform regular and sex-stratified genomewide linkage analyses of IgE to each of three allergens (Ascaris lumbricoides, Blatella germanica [German cockroach]), and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus [dust mite]) and to conduct an association study of a candidate gene in a linked genomic region.Genomewide linkage analyses of allergen-specific IgEs were conducted in 653 members of eight large families of Costa Rican children with asthma. An analysis of the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IgE measurements was conducted in 417 parent-child trios in Costa Rica. Significant results were replicated in 470 families of white children in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP).Among all subjects, there was suggestive evidence of linkage (LOD >/= 2.72) to IgE to Ascaris (on chromosome 7q) and IgE to dust mite (on chromosomes 7p and 12q). In a sex-stratified analysis, there was significant evidence of linkage to IgE to cockroach on chromosome 5q23 (peak LOD, 4.14 at 127 cM) in female subjects. TSLP is located within the 1.5 LOD-unit support interval for this linkage peak and has female-specific effects on lung disease in mice. In a sex-stratified analysis, the T allele of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2289276 in TSLP was associated with reductions in IgE to cockroach (in Costa Rican girls) and total IgE (in girls in Costa Rica and in CAMP; P value for sex-by-genotype interaction, <0.01 in both studies).Consistent with findings in murine models, a variant in TSLP may have female-specific effects on allergic phenotypes.
The Community and Medical Education: Organization and Function of a Board of Concerned Citizens
Authors: CARROLL M. LEEVY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

A Board of Concerned Citizens was organized in 1971 to facilitate the resolution of problems between the College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey at Newark and the community in which it is located. The board has provided an orderly input by consumers, representatives of community organizations and nonfaculty employees into decisions on policies and programs of the medical and dental schools. It has aided in the resolution of employee grievances and student problems, given support needed to assist the development of quality health care services, helped improve the climate for clinical research, and served as an intermediary between the community and college on issues of special concern to local residents. An opinion poll conducted 3½ years after its organization shows continued support by citizenry, nonfaculty employees, faculty, and students for a Board of Concerned Citizens. Experiences of the board indicate that investigations and recommendations of a properly organized and motivated group of community residents and leaders can provide an effective bridge between a community and a medical or dental school.
Association of Thyroid Carcinoma with Gardner's Syndrome in Siblings
Authors: Mortimer R. Camiel, Joseph E. Mulé, Leslie L. Alexander, David L. Benninghoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

WE are documenting the records of two sisters with Gardner's syndrome each of whom also had thyroid carcinoma. In view of the familial setting of their major illness, Gardner's syndrome, and its usual association with other tumors, the presence of thyroid carcinoma is probably meaningful.The most compelling aspect of Gardner's syndrome is familial polyposis of the large intestine, with a predisposition to colorectal cancer in early adulthood. Gardner and his colleagues described this condition with osteomas, fibromas and epidermal cysts and believed that the syndrome represents a disturbance in a single dominant gene.1 Newly reported cases, and the continuing . . .
IL-10 is a key cytokine in psoriasis. Proof of principle by IL-10 therapy: a new therapeutic approach.
Authors: K Asadullah, W Sterry, K Stephanek, D Jasulaitis, M Leupold, H Audring, H D Volk, W D Döcke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Overexpression of proinflammatory, type 1 cytokines has been demonstrated in psoriasis and is believed to be of pathophysiological importance. IL-10 is a type 2 cytokine with major impact on immunoregulation, since it inhibits type 1/proinflammatory cytokine formation. Therefore, we investigated its role in psoriasis. We found a relative deficiency in cutaneous IL-10 mRNA expression compared with other inflammatory dermatoses. Interestingly, patients during established antipsoriatic therapy showed higher IL-10 mRNA expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells than patients before therapy. This suggested that IL-10 may have antipsoriatic capacity. Therefore, we performed a phase 2 pilot trial with subcutaneous IL-10 administration (8 microg/kg/d) over 24 d in three patients. Clinical efficiency measured by objective and subjective parameters was found. Immunosuppressive effects (depressed monocytic HLA-DR expression, TNF-alpha and IL-12 secretion capacity, IL-12 plasma levels, and responsiveness to recall antigens) as well as a shift toward a type 2 cytokine pattern (increasing proportion of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 producing T cells, selective increase in IgE serum levels) were observed. Remarkably, IL-10 administration also enhanced the intracutaneous IL-10 mRNA expression. Our investigations demonstrate the major importance of IL-10 in psoriasis and show that IL-10 administration represents a new therapeutic approach. This is the first report on IL-10 therapy for cutaneous disorders.
Abstract 1121: The long non-coding RNA MALAT1 is an essential gene regulator for lung cancer metastasis in a novel human knockout model .
Authors: Tony Gutschner, Monika Hämmerle, Moritz Eißmann, Jeff Hsu, Youngsoo Kim, Gene Hung, Alexey Revenko, Gayatri Arun, Marion Stentrup, Matthias Groß, Martin Zörnig, A. Robert MacLeod, David L. Spector, Sven Diederichs
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The long non-coding RNA MALAT1 was one of the first lncRNAs associated with cancer: it is a highly conserved nuclear ncRNA and a predictive marker for metastasis development in lung cancer. However, its high abundance and nuclear localization have greatly hampered its functional analysis since it is only inefficiently knocked down by RNA interference (RNAi). To uncover its functional importance, we developed a MALAT1 knockout model in human lung tumor cells by genomically integrating RNA destabilizing elements site-specifically into the MALAT1 locus using Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN).This approach yielded a more than 1000-fold silencing of MALAT1 providing a unique loss-of-function model. Proposed mechanisms of action of MALAT1 include regulation of splicing or gene expression. In lung cancer, MALAT1 does not alter alternative splicing but actively regulates gene expression inducing a signature of metastasis-associated genes. Consequently, MALAT1-deficient cells are impaired in migration and form fewer tumor nodules in a mouse xenograft model. Encouraged by this discovery of the essential function of MALAT1 in lung cancer metastasis, we wanted to analyze whether MALAT1 could also be therapeutically targeted: We developed Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) effectively blocking MALAT1 expression in the cell culture and in the animal. Notably, MALAT1-ASO treatment prevents metastasis formation after tumor implantation. Thus, targeting MALAT1 with antisense oligonucleotides provides a potential therapeutic approach to prevent lung cancer metastasis with MALAT1 serving as both, predictive marker and therapeutic target. Lastly, regulating gene expression, but not alternative splicing is the critical function of MALAT1 in lung cancer metastasis. In summary, ten years after the discovery of the lncRNA MALAT1 as a biomarker for lung cancer metastasis, our loss-of-function model unravels the active function of MALAT1 as a regulator of gene expression governing hallmarks of lung cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Tony Gutschner, Monika Hämmerle, Moritz Eißmann, Jeff Hsu, Youngsoo Kim, Gene Hung, Alexey Revenko, Gayatri Arun, Marion Stentrup, Matthias Groß, Martin Zörnig, A. Robert MacLeod, David L. Spector, Sven Diederichs. The long non-coding RNA MALAT1 is an essential gene regulator for lung cancer metastasis in a novel human knockout model . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1121. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1121
Mammography Use in Black Women
Authors: Robert H. Jackson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 February 1997Mammography Use in Black WomenRobert H. Jackson, MD and Terry C. Davis, PhDRobert H. Jackson, MDLouisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932Search for more papers by this author and Terry C. Davis, PhDLouisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-4-199702150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Burns and colleagues [1] should be congratulated on successfully completing a truly massive study. We are also interested in improving use of screening mammography in underserved populations.Burns and colleagues confirm our limited local experience [2, 3] of distressingly low rates of mammography use among some women. We are investigating reasons for this by conducting series of patient interviews to identify specific barriers, facilitators, attitudes, and knowledge about mammography. Educational factors appear to be particularly important. Many practitioners and institutions rely on brochures to provide education about mammography, brochures that many women may not be able to ...References1. Burns RB, McCarthy EP, Freund KM, Marwill SL, Shwartz M, Ash A, et al. Black women receive less mammography even with similar use of primary care. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:173-82. Google Scholar2. Jackson RH, Davis TC. Results of a novel screening mammography program [Abstract]. Clin Res. 1992; 40:868A. Google Scholar3. Davis TC, Arnold C, Berkel HJ, Nandy I, Jackson RH, Glass J. Knowledge and attitudes on screening mammography among low-literate, low-income women. Cancer. 1996; 78:1912-20. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1997Volume 126, Issue 4Page: 333-334KeywordsBreast cancerBurnsMammographyPopulation statistics Issue Published: 15 February 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
MECHANICS OF THE V LEVER BRACE IN POTT'S DISEASE.
Authors: C. E. WEBSTER
Journal: JAMA (1885)

But, while it is thus recognized that there is one common poison or basic cause for a large number of apparently diverse diseases, the precise nature of this primal poison is acknowledged to be undetermined by, and unknown to, the author.Now, this theory of the unity of cause and spon¬ taneous origin of such diseases is of much more com¬ prehensive application than is here given it, and is supported by reason, observation and experience, as well as exemplified in chemistry, physiology, etiology, pathology, hygiene and therapeutics, being also in direct conformity with the laws of nature in general.Long since I arrived at the conclusion that there was one common pathogenic factor or underlying morbific principle of a great variety of apparently dis¬ tinct diseases, and that all the varied so-called scor¬
Regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression by IL-4 and TNF-alpha in cultured endothelial cells.
Authors: M F Iademarco, J L Barks, D C Dean
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Interaction between vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on endothelial cells and alpha 4 integrins on leukocytes is thought to mediate the selective recruitment of eosinophils and lymphocytes that occurs in allergic diseases. IL-4 is associated with allergic conditions, and it has been shown to selectively increase expression of VCAM-1 on endothelial cells in vivo, suggesting that it could be responsible for VCAM-1 expression in allergic disease. Using a combination of immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and Northern analysis, we compared the effect of TNF-alpha and IL-4 on VCAM-1 expression. TNF-alpha is also associated with allergic diseases, and it rapidly increases transcription of the VCAM-1 gene. The effect of IL-4 was relatively modest with prolonged kinetics: VCAM-1 was not detected until 72 h after treatment with IL-4. However, when TNF-alpha and IL-4 were combined, there was a synergistic increase in VCAM-1 expression and a dramatic prolongation of the appearance of VCAM-1 on the cell surface. This synergy results from a combination of transcriptional activation by TNF-alpha and the stabilization of resulting transcripts by IL-4. We propose that IL-4 allows subthreshold concentrations of TNF-alpha (concentrations that would not normally activate expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelium) to selectively increase VCAM-1 expression and to prolong its appearance on the surface of cells in allergic disease.
Nosocomial Spread of Linezolid-Resistant, Vancomycin-Resistant<i>Enterococcus faecium</i>
Authors: Inmaculada A. Herrero, Nicolas C. Issa, Robin Patel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci have become important nosocomial pathogens in the United States. Since November 1995, rectal swabs for surveillance for vancomycin-resistant enterococci have been collected twice weekly from adult patients admitted to the liver, kidney, and pancreas transplantation unit at our institution.1 Recently, linezolid-resistant, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium was isolated from seven patients at our institution. All isolates carried the vanA gene and were resistant to linezolid (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC], 16 μg per milliliter), ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin, streptomycin, and vancomycin and were susceptible to quinupristin–dalfopristin and the investigational agents oritavancin (MIC, 1 μg per milliliter) and tigecycline (MIC, . . .
Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) report
Authors: Linda M. Griffith, Morton J. Cowan, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Donald B. Kohn, Jennifer M. Puck, Sung-Yun Pai, Barbara Ballard, Sarah C. Bauer, Jack J.H. Bleesing, Marcia Boyle, Amy Brower, Rebecca H. Buckley, Mirjam van der Burg, Lauri M. Burroughs, Fabio Candotti, Andrew J. Cant, Talal Chatila, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Mary C. Dinauer, Christopher C. Dvorak, Alexandra H. Filipovich, Thomas A. Fleisher, Hubert Bobby Gaspar, Tayfun Gungor, Elie Haddad, Emily Hovermale, Faith Huang, Alan Hurley, Mary Hurley, Sumathi Iyengar, Elizabeth M. Kang, Brent R. Logan, Janel R. Long-Boyle, Harry L. Malech, Sean A. McGhee, Fred Modell, Vicki Modell, Hans D. Ochs, Richard J. O'Reilly, Robertson Parkman, David J. Rawlings, John M. Routes, William T. Shearer, Trudy N. Small, Heather Smith, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Paul Szabolcs, Adrian Thrasher, Troy R. Torgerson, Paul Veys, Kenneth Weinberg, Juan Carlos Zuniga-Pflucker
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The Significance of Isolated Gallium-67 Uptake in the Hilar Lymph Nodes of an Untreated Lymphoma Patient
Authors: GEORGE LARCOS, DAVID C. FARLOW, VINCE F. ANTICO, SIMON M. GRUENEWALD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 69-year-old woman presented with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the right ilioinguinal region in whom bilateral uptake of Ga-67 in hilar lymph nodes was noted on thoracic SPECT. There were no Ga-67 abnormalities elsewhere within the thorax, and a chest CT scan was also normal. The patient received radiotherapy to the inguinal region and remained in clinical remission for 28 months following treatment. She subsequently relapsed at a number of peripheral lymph node sites, but not in the chest. The authors postulate that isolated hilar uptake of Ga-67 SPECT may not be clinically significant in some untreated patients with lymphoma. This scintigraphic finding should be interpreted cautiously, particularly when other chest imaging studies remain negative.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Augment Antitumor Efficacy of Herpes-based Oncolytic Viruses
Authors: Akihiro Otsuki, Ankita Patel, Kazue Kasai, Masataka Suzuki, Kazuhiko Kurozumi, E Antonio Chiocca, Yoshinaga Saeki
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Replication-conditional (oncolytic) mutants of herpes simplex virus (HSV), are considered promising therapeutic alternatives for human malignancies, and chemotherapeutic adjuvants are increasingly sought to augment their efficacy. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a new class of antineoplastic agents because of their potent activity in growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptotic death of cancer cells. The ability of the HDAC inhibitors to upregulate exogenous transgene expression and inhibit interferon (IFN) responses prompted our exploration of their use in improving the antitumor efficacy of oncolytic HSV. We discovered that the yield of viral progeny increased significantly when cultured glioma cells were treated with HDAC inhibitors before viral infection. Valproic acid (VPA), a commonly used antiepileptic agent with HDAC inhibitory activity, proved most effective when used to treat glioma cells before viral infection, but not concomitantly with viral infection. Pretreatment with VPA inhibited the induction of several IFN-responsive antiviral genes, augmented the transcriptional level of viral genes, and improved viral propagation, even in the presence of type I IFNs. Moreover, VPA pretreatment improved the propagation and therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic HSV in a human glioma xenograft model in vivo. These findings indicate that HDAC inhibitors can improve the efficacy of tumor virotherapies.