tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disorders of Voluntary Muscle
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This third edition, expanded by about 200 pages, firmly establishes this work as the standard reference on skeletal muscle. The title, to some extent a misnomer, fails to denote the excellent summary of normal skeletal muscle structure and function that comprises the first 160 pages. Initial discussions on classical histology and physiology remain essentially unchanged from the previous edition. The chapter on biochemical aspects of muscle, with its current bibliography, distills recent information into a readable and intelligible text. This includes discussion of muscle proteins, their mechanism of synthesis, and their interaction to produce the precisely coordinated, highly organized process of muscle contraction. Advances in pathology and physiology necessitated a new chapter on peripheral nerves, which portrays Wallerian degeneration in modern terms. This serves well as a basis for the expanded chapter on clinical aspects of neuropathies. Emerging concepts implicate neuronal dysfunction in certain disorders previously considered as primary muscle
Anti-IL-5 Therapy (Mepolizumab) in Hypereosinophilic Syndromes and Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Cytokine Secretion and Decreased Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia
Authors: M.L. Stein, J.M. Villanueva, S.C. Jameson, B. Buckmeier, A.H. Filipovich, M.H. Collins, Y. Yamada, A.H. Assa'ad, M.E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
CA125 and endometriosis
Authors: M. Muyldermans, F.J. Cornillie, P.R. Koninckx
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

This review covers the literature on CA125 and endometriosis; data on CA125 and oncology are not discussed. In normal women, plasma concentrations of CA125 are increased slightly at ovulation and significantly during menstruation. Marked increases are observed during pregnancy and following peritoneal irritation by infection or surgery. These data are consistent with the concept that CA125 in normal women is mainly derived from the endometrium and the irritated peritoneum. Plasma concentrations of CA125 are markedly elevated in women with cystic ovarian endometriosis and/or deeply infiltrating endometriosis, but not, or only slightly, in the luteal phase of women with minimal or mild endometriosis. This is consistent with the recent concept which considers minimal endometriosis as a normal condition occurring intermittently in many women, in contrast with deep endometriosis and cystic ovarian endometriosis which are called 'endometriotic disease'. Serum CA125 is not a good marker for endometriosis but it is a helpful additional parameter to diagnose endometriotic disease in patients with chronic pelvic pain. Following treatment of endometriosis, elevated plasma concentrations of CA125 could be used as an argument that treatment has been incomplete, or that the condition has recurred. Assaying CA125 in peritoneal fluid requires high sample dilutions or a modified immunoradiometric assay, and until now, its clinical value has been questionable.
THE SURGICAL TECHNIQUE OF ASEPTIC WOUNDS.
Authors: HENRY O. MARCY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Notwithstanding the revolution already wrought in the technique of wound treatment, I must yet think that no subject more important or practical can be brought before the profession at the present. Wound infection, in a general way, is fairly well understood, and those who have given special attention to the subject will, at least in a large degree, accept the opinion which I published some years since, that suppuration, supervening in a wound, deliberately made by the surgeon, through healthy integuments, indicates that there has been some avoidable error in its technique. If the conscientious surgeon accepts this view as the standard by which to criticise his work, and earnestly seeks to determine the cause of the error, he will find a gradual elimination of much that is superfluous, as well as defective in detail. For the scientific skillful surgeon a bacteriologic training is almost a<i>sine qua non</i>, since
Hip Protectors for Preventing Hip Fracture
Authors: Pekka Kannus, Jari Parkkari
Journal: JAMA (2007)

cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(6):365-373. 8. Elliott PM, Poloniecki J, Dickie S, et al. Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: identification of high risk patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36(7):22122218. 9. Maron BJ, McKenna W, Danielson GK, et al. ACC/ESC clinical expert consensus document on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Committee to Develop an Expert Consensus Document on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42(9):1687-1713. 10. Maron BJ, Spirito P, Shen W-K, et al. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JAMA. 2007;298(4):405-412. 11. Elliott PM, Gimeno B Jr, Mahon NG, Poloniecki JD, McKenna WJ. Relation between severity of left ventricular hypertrophy and prognosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 2001;357(9254):420-424. 12. Lin G, Nishimura RA, Connolly HM, Dearani JA, Sundt TM III, Hayes DL. Severe symptomatic tricuspid valve regurgitation due to permanent pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(10):16721675. 13. Spirito P, Bellone P, Harris KM, Bernabo P, Bruzzi P, Maron BJ. Magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy and risk of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(24):1778-1785. 14. Sorajja P, Nishimura RA, Ommen SR, Ackerman MJ, Tajik AJ, Gersh BJ. Use of echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: clinical implications of massive hypertrophy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2006;19(6):788-795. 15. Sorajja P, Ommen SR, Nishimura RA, McCully RB, Tajik AJ, Gersh BJ. The longterm outcome of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(6)(suppl A):169A. 16. Elliott P, Gimeno J, Tome M, McKenna W. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J. 2006; 27(24):3073. 17. Rickers C, Wilke NM, Jerosch-Herold M, et al. Utility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2005; 112(6):855-861.
Coronary Arterio-venous Fistulae
Authors: C. P. Newcombe, W. Whitaker, P. G. Keates
Journal: Thorax (1964)

The discovery of a continuous murmur at an unusual site over the praecordium presents an interesting diagnostic problem.Abnormalities of the coronary circulation are among the possible causes for such a finding, but they are rare.In this report we describe three patients with coronary arterio-venous fistulae and draw attention to the ease and elegance of the diagnosis of this condition by retrograde aortography.CASE REPORTS CASE 1 (B.H.) A woman aged 38 years was referred for assessment of a murmur first heard at the age of I'resent address: Yoi-k County Hospital
Skeletal muscle necrosis in severe falciparum malaria
Authors: H J De Silva, A K E Goonetilleke, N Senaratna, N Ramesh, U S Jayawickrama, K S A Jayasinghe, L R Amarasekera
Journal: BMJ (1988)

inadvertent tracheobronchial intubation,2 pneumothorax,3 and broncho- pleural fistula.4Displacement of the tube during feeding may cause aspiration pneumonia.'Weighted tubes have a lower risk of misplacement and displacement but are more difficult to pass in uncooperative patients.The complication reported here was potentially serious.We do not know of any previous reports of difficulty in removing a nasogastric tube or of the tube breaking.The manufacturers (Vidomedex) admit that removal can be difficult and suggest that the nostril should be examined before the tube is passed.If difficulty is encountered during removal they suggest trying to advance the tube again, retrieve the weight from the pharynx, cut it off, and remove it through the mouth.The firm impaction of the weight made subsequent advance or withdrawal of the tube impossible in our patient.It is easy to see how the weight could become lodged behind a septal spur or a turbinate bone on removal.In such cases we therefore agree with the manufacturers' advice that per oral removal should be tried.In a patient with a narrow nostril a tube without a weight passed over a guidewire may be safer.1 James RM.An unusual complication of passing a narrow bore nasogastric tube.
ROLE OF INTRAOPERATIVE OCTREOTIDE STUDIES IN LOCALIZATION OF INSULIN SECRETING LESIONS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: A Takalkar, M Charron, O Hardy, K Baskin, L Steinmuller, C Stanley, N S. Adzick
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Greater New York and New England Chapters, the Society of Nuclear Medicine 18th Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Session Abstracts October 22–October 24, 2004—Stamford, Connecticut: PDF Only
HIGH-DOSE INTRAVENOUS GAMMAGLOBULIN FOR MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Authors: PH. Gajdos, H. Outin, D. Elkharrat, D. Brunel, P. de Rohan-Chabot, J.C. Raphael, M. Goulon, C. Goulon-Goeau, E. Morel
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
α- and β-Adrenergic Pathways Differentially Regulate Cell Type–Specific Apoptosis in Rat Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Eri Iwai-Kanai, Koji Hasegawa, Makoto Araki, Tsuyoshi Kakita, Tatsuya Morimoto, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The apoptosis of cardiac myocytes may play a role in the development of heart failure. Norepinephrine is one of the factors activated in heart failure and can induce myocardial cell apoptosis in culture. However, it is unknown if α- and β-adrenergic pathways coordinately or differentially regulate apoptosis and if this apoptotic pathway uses common or cell type–specific apoptotic signals. Methods and Results —We stimulated cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes with an α 1 -adrenergic agonist (PE, phenylephrine), a β-adrenergic agonist (isoproterenol [Iso]) or a membrane-permeable cAMP analogue (8-Br-cAMP) in serum-free conditions for 48 hours. Iso and 8-Br-cAMP markedly increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells (%TUNEL-positive nuclei &gt;40%) compared with saline stimulation (&lt;10%). DNA fragmentation was also confirmed by ladder formation in agarose gels. Apoptotic myocytes were characterized by cell shrinkage and nuclear condensation, consistent with morphological features of apoptosis. The Iso-induced apoptosis was almost completely inhibited by the protein kinase A–specific inhibitor KT5720. In contrast, PE inhibited 8-Br-cAMP–induced myocardial cell apoptosis. The apoptosis-inhibitory effect by PE was negated by the α 1 -adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin and the MEK-1–specific inhibitor PD098059. Interestingly, although 8-Br-cAMP markedly induced apoptosis in cardiac myocytes, it completely blocked serum depletion–induced apoptosis in PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma cell line. Conclusions —These findings indicate that α- and β-adrenergic pathways differentially regulate myocardial cell apoptosis. The results also suggest that a cAMP– protein kinase A pathway is necessary and sufficient for β-adrenergic agonist–induced apoptosis and that this apoptotic pathway is not functional in other cell types, for example, PC12 cells.
Abstract 5673: Mechanisms responsible for the antitumor effect of metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (Cy) and doxorubicin (Dox) in murine tumor models of mammary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Leandro E. Mainetti, Viviana R. Rozados, María J. Rico, Eduardo Roggero, O. Graciela Scharovsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) refers to the chronic, equally spaced, delivery of low doses of different chemotherapeutic drugs, without extended interruptions. We have already demonstrated that the administration, as an intervention strategy, of metronomic CY + DOX in M-406 and M-234p mammary adenocarcinomas-bearing mice inhibited tumor growth, increasing the survival rate. Our present aim was to study the mechanism/s by which that therapeutic effect was achieved. CBi and Balb/c inbred mice were s.c. challenged on day 0 with M-406 and M-234p mammary tumors, respectively, and treated from day 9 (M-406) and 10 (M-234p) on with: I) no further treatment (controls); II) CY in the drinking water (20mg/kg body weight/day); III) Dox (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), three times/week; IV) Treated as II + III. Blood samples were taken on days 0 and 20 (M-406) or 30 (M-324p) to evaluate VEGF and IL-10 serum levels determined by ELISA. Tumors were excised on days 25 and 31 for M-406 and M-234p, respectively, fixed and paraffin embedded for detection of Ki67 molecule by immunohistochemistry and apoptosis by the TUNEL technique. In the M-234p model the VEGF serum concentration of control animals (group I) was, on day 31, significantly higher than that measured on day 0 (p&amp;lt;0,005), while on day 31, groups II, III y IV showed lower values than group I (p&amp;lt;0.005) in the same day, and similar than those on day 0. The IL-10 serum levels in group IV were significantly higher than those found in group I and III. The apoptosis level in tumor cells in group IV was significantly higher when compared to control group (p&amp;lt;0.05). Also, the staining for the proliferation marker Ki67 showed values significantly lower in the tumors of animals treated with CY + DOX than those in group I. A similar behavior was seen in the M-406 tumor model. In conclusion, opposing to the expected results, the animals with the better therapeutic outcome showed the highest IL-10 concentration, a result that could indicate a possible immunostimulatory effect of this cytokine; the antitumor effect of MCT with CY plus DOX in mammary tumor models would be achieved, at least in part, by the inhibition of both tumor angiogenesis and proliferation in addition to the stimulation of tumor cells apoptosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5673. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5673
SPLENIC ANEMIA, OR "BANTI'S DISEASE," COMPLICATED BY DIABETES MELLITUS.
Authors: H. A. HARE
Journal: JAMA (1899)

In the Medical News of March 27, 1897, I reported several cases illustrating grave changes in the blood. One of these, it will be recalled, was a man aged 24 years, who had a negative family history and a personal history that he had had double pneumonia in 1894, and in the same year had fallen a distance of thirty feet while working in a mine, sustaining as a result of this fall severe injury to his head and neck. He was admitted to the Jefferson Hospital in 1895, with the statement that in July of that year he had begun to suffer from severe pain beneath the clavicle of the left side, this extending downward into the left hypochondria 1 . He was exceedingly pale, his conjunctivae yellow, and the spleen enormously large. The urine was entirely normal. Later on, an examination of his eyes, by Professor de Schweinitz, revealed
Weekly Docetaxel and Vinorelbine (VIN-DOX) as First Line Treatment in Patients with Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
Authors: Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Carmine Pizza, Riccardo Autorino, Michele De Laurentiis, Ombretta Marano, Adele D’Alessio, Giuseppe Cancello, Vincenzo Altieri, Giampaolo Tortora, Sisto Perdonà, Angelo Raffaele Bianco, Sabino De Placido
Journal: European Urology (2004)
The Doctor is Sick
Authors: P. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Admission to hospital proved to be a turning point for writer and composer Anthony Burgess. In 1959 he became a patient at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in Queen Square, London. This heralded 12 months of hyperactivity during which he completed five novels: the first was The Doctor is Sick and the last, his most famous, A Clockwork Orange ( BMJ 2011;342:d1266, doi=10.1136/bmj.d1266). Aged 42, he had previously published only four novels; when he died aged 76, he had written 33.

Burgess’s explanation for his creative outburst was that he wanted to provide for his wife: while …
Phaeohyphomycosis caused by <i>Exophiala salmonis</i>
Authors: V. Madan, D. Bisset, P. Harris, S. Howard, M.H. Beck
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala salmonis Get access V. Madan, V. Madan The Dermatology Centre and ‡Department of Microbiology, University of Manchester, School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford, U.K. Departments of *Pathology and †Surgery, Royal Bolton NHS Trust, Bolton, U.K. E‐mail: vishalmadan@doctors.net.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Bisset, D. Bisset The Dermatology Centre and ‡Department of Microbiology, University of Manchester, School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford, U.K. Departments of *Pathology and †Surgery, Royal Bolton NHS Trust, Bolton, U.K. E‐mail: vishalmadan@doctors.net.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Harris, P. Harris The Dermatology Centre and ‡Department of Microbiology, University of Manchester, School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford, U.K. Departments of *Pathology and †Surgery, Royal Bolton NHS Trust, Bolton, U.K. E‐mail: vishalmadan@doctors.net.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Howard, S. Howard The Dermatology Centre and ‡Department of Microbiology, University of Manchester, School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford, U.K. Departments of *Pathology and †Surgery, Royal Bolton NHS Trust, Bolton, U.K. E‐mail: vishalmadan@doctors.net.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.H. Beck M.H. Beck The Dermatology Centre and ‡Department of Microbiology, University of Manchester, School of Medicine, Hope Hospital, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Salford, U.K. Departments of *Pathology and †Surgery, Royal Bolton NHS Trust, Bolton, U.K. E‐mail: vishalmadan@doctors.net.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 5, 1 November 2006, Pages 1082–1084, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07492.x Published: 01 November 2006
Statins may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Taking statins for at least five years reduced the relative risk of colorectal cancer by 47%, a large study has shown.

The retrospective, case controlled study was conducted in northern Israel by epidemiologists at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology's Medical School and Clalit Health Services National Cancer Control Centre in Haifa and published in the latest issue of the New England Journal of Medicine (2005;352:2184-92). An accompanying editorial by physicians at …
A Comparison of Liver Ultrastructure in Salicylate Intoxication and Reye's Syndrome
Authors: Jacqueline S. Partin, Cynthia C. Daugherty, James A. Mcadams, John C. Partin, William K. Schubert
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

All childhood liver biopsy specimens from The Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation which had been prepared for light and electron microscopy were reviewed to identify biopsies from children with salicylate intoxication. Only two cases of primary salicylate intoxication were identified. The histopathology and ultrastructural pathology were compared to that in two cases of Reye’s syndrome which were selected because they had been treated with salicylates and had comparable serum salicylate concentrations at the time of liver biopsy. Liver biopsy specimens from the cases of salicylate intoxication were nearly normal by light microscopy. Lipid accumulation was minimal, and the content of glycogen and succinic acid dehydrogenase activity was normal. Mitochondria and peroxisomes appeared normal. Light and electron microscopy of liver specimens from the two cases of Reye’s syndrome revealed swollen hepatocytes with microvesicular fat and central nuclei. Glycogen content and succinic acid dehydrogenase activity were diminished. All hepatocyte mitochondria were enlarged, pleomorphic, and had an expanded matrix and no mitochondrial dense bodies. The histopathology and ultrastructural pathology of liver biopsy specimens in salicylate intoxication were different from those in Reye’s syndrome. In children in whom the diagnosis of Reye’s syndrome is obscure, liver biopsy with electron microscopic examination is necessary for definitive diagnosis.
Haematemesis: a new syndrome?
Authors: A T Axon, A Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Three patients presented with symptoms suggesting a Mallory-Weiss tear. Endoscopy showed a localized, clearly demarcated area of bright red mucosa near the gastro-oesophageal junction; this was thought to have arisen by retrograde intussusception of the stomach during vomiting or retching and may have caused the haemorrhage.
STUDIES ON VITAL STAINING
Authors: H. P. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. A spectrophotometric method is discussed which permits quantitative analysis of colored substances present in mixtures. 2. Special attention is given to the analysis of mixtures of two dyes which are being used in a series of studies on vital staining. 3. It is shown that the method can be applied to quantitative analysis of mixtures of naturally occurring animal pigments or to mixtures of these with various other colored substances. 4. Certain limitations of the method and certain necessary precautions are discussed.
Central dopaminergic origin of bromocriptine induced tachycardia in normotensive rats
Authors: S. Lahlou, G. P. Duarte, P. Demenge
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of the tachycardic effect of bromocriptine, a specific dopamine D-2 receptor agonist, which is not abolished, as previously reported, by intravenous domperidone, a selective dopamine D-2 antagonist unable to cross the blood brain barrier. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) that the increase in heart rate after intravenous treatment with bromocriptine could be related to central dopamine receptor stimulation and (2) that it could be induced by a release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla. Methods: Changes in mean aortic pressure and heart rate, induced by treatment with 150 μg·kg−1 bromocriptine intravenously, were measured in conscious or anaesthetised normal or adrenalectomised rats submitted to various pretreatments. Results: In conscious intact rats, intravenous bromocriptine decreased mean aortic pressure (−11 (SEM1) mm Hg) and increased heart rate (62(12)) beats·min−1). Both effects were prevented by intravenous pretreatment (0.3 μg·kg−1) with dopamine D-2 receptor antagonists able to cross the blood brain barrier, such as haloperidol, sulpiride, and metoclopramide. In anaesthetised rats, domperidone (50 and 20 μg·kg−1) given via a lateral cerebral ventricle abolished the bromocriptine induced tachycardia without affecting the hypotensive response. Both effects were unchanged after bilateral adrenalectomy but were completely abolished by intravenous haloperidol pretreatment (0.3 mg·kg−1) in conscious adrenalectomised rats. Conclusions: These results suggest that in anaesthetised and conscious normotensive rats, the bromocriptine induced tachycardia is not related to a release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla but could be elicited by central dopamine D-2 receptor stimulation through a possible increase in cardiac sympathetic tone. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:2022-2027