tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevation of the Cortisol-Dehydroepiandrosterone Ratio in Drug-Free Depressed Patients
Authors: Allan H. Young, Peter Gallagher, Richard J. Porter
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Elevated basal cortisol levels are a feature of depressive illness and cause deficits in learning and memory. The adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has antiglucocorticoid properties that may offer protection against the deleterious effects of cortisol. The authors examined the ratio of cortisol to DHEA in drug-free depressed patients and a matched comparison group. METHOD: Cortisol and DHEA were measured in saliva samples from 39 patients with unipolar depression who had been medication free for at least 6 weeks and 41 healthy comparison subjects. RESULTS: The molar cortisol-DHEA ratio was significantly higher in the depressed patients than in the healthy comparison subjects. Cortisol-DHEA ratios from saliva samples taken at 8:00 p.m. correlated positively with length of current depressive episode. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated cortisol-DHEA ratios may be a state marker of depressive illness and may contribute to the associated deficits in learning and memory. Administration of DHEA or other antiglucocorticoid treatments may reduce neurocognitive deficits in major depression.
The effect of gas cooking on bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the role of immunoglobulin E
Authors: M. Kerkhof, J.G.R. de Monchy, B Rijken, J.p Schouten
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Some studies have shown an association between gas cooking and respiratory symptoms. This study investigated whether gas cooking affects bronchial responsiveness and whether particular subjects are more sensitive to this effect. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with the dose-response slope (Percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) divided by total dose of methacholine given) as the dependent variable in 1,921 subjects from a random sample of the Dutch population, aged 20-70 yrs. Whether the association was different according to sex, age, total immunoglobulin (Ig)E, specific IgE to inhalant allergens or smoking habits was tested by including interaction terms into the regression model. Subjects who used gas for cooking had a higher prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (provocative dose causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20) &lt; or = 2 mg) than those who used electricity (21% versus 14%) and this was dependent on the presence of atopy. Especially subjects with total IgE levels in the highest quartile had a significantly higher dose-response slope when using gas for cooking. This was independent of the presence of specific IgE to inhalant allergens. These results show increased bronchial responsiveness with gas cooking, which was only found in subjects with high total immunoglobulin E levels. This suggests that atopic subjects are sensitive to adverse effects of gas cooking on respiratory health.
Coronary Revascularization (Surgical or Percutaneous) Decreases Mortality After the First Year in Diabetic Subjects but not in Nondiabetic Subjects With Multivessel Disease
Authors: Paulo R. Soares, Whady A. Hueb, Pedro A. Lemos, Neuza Lopes, Eulógio E. Martinez, Luis A.M. Cesar, Sergio A. Oliveira, Jose A.F. Ramires
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— It is currently unknown whether revascularization procedures are associated with an improvement in mortality among diabetic subjects, as compared with a more conservative medical treatment. Methods and Results— In MASS II, a total of 611 patients with stable multivessel coronary disease were randomly assigned to medical treatment, surgery, or angioplasty. From these, 190 patients had diabetes (medical, 75 patients; angioplasty, 56 patients; surgery, 59 patients) and comprised the present study population. Mortality rates were analyzed for the entire 5 years of follow-up. Separate analyzes were also performed for mortality at 2 time intervals: during the first year and after the first year of follow-up. We calculated the probability of death conditional on surviving to the start of the interval analyzed. The cumulative 5-year mortality as well as the mortality during the first year of follow-up was not significantly different among treatment groups, both for diabetic and for nondiabetic subjects. Also, during years 2 to 5, the mortality of the 3 treatment groups was not different for nondiabetic subjects. Among diabetic subjects, however, patients randomized to angioplasty or surgery had a significantly lower mortality between years 2 and 5 than those allocated to medical treatment ( P =0.039). Conclusion— Surgery, angioplasty, and medical treatment appear to be associated with similar mortality rates for non-diabetic subjects. For diabetic subjects, however, coronary revascularization (percutaneous or surgical) significantly decreased the risk of death after the first year and up to 5 years, compared with medical treatment alone.
Evolution and Divergence of the MADS-Box Gene Family Based on Genome-Wide Expression Analyses
Authors: R. Kofuji
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

MADS-box genes encode transcription factors involved in various important aspects of development and differentiation in land plants, metazoans, and other organisms. Three types of land plant MADS-box genes have been reported. MIKCC- and MIKC*-type genes both contain conserved MADS and K domains but have different exon/intron structures. M-type genes lack a K domain. Most MADS-box genes previously analyzed in land plants are expressed in the sporophyte (diploid plant body); few are expressed in the gametophyte (haploid plant body). Land plants are believed to have evolved from a gametophyte (haploid)-dominant ancestor without a multicellular sporophyte (diploid plant body); most genes expressed in the sporophyte probably originated from those used in the gametophyte during the evolution of land plants. To analyze the evolution and diversification of MADS-box genes in land plants, gametophytic MADS-box genes were screened using macroarray analyses for 105 MADS-box genes found in the Arabidopsis genome. Eight MADS-box genes were predominantly expressed in pollen, the male gametophyte; all but one of their expression patterns was confirmed by Northern analyses. Analyses of the exon/intron structure of these seven genes revealed that they included two MIKCC-type, one M-type, and four MIKC*-type MADS-box genes. Previously, MIKC*-type genes have been reported only from a moss and a club moss, and this is the first record in seed plants. These genes can be used to investigate the unknown ancestral functions of MADS-box genes in land plants. The macroarray analyses did not detect expression of 56 of 61 M-type MADS-box genes in any tissues examined. A phylogenetic tree including all three types of Arabidopsis MADS-box genes with representative genes from other organisms showed that M-type genes were polyphyletic and that their branch lengths were much longer than for the other genes. This finding suggests that most M-type genes are pseudogenes, although further experiments are necessary to confirm this possibility. Our global phylogenetic analyses of MADS-box genes did not support the previous classification of MADS-box genes into type I and II groups, based on smaller scale analyses. An evolutionary scenario for the evolution of MADS-box genes in land plants is discussed.
Failure of chronic sodium chloride loading to protect against norepinephrine-induced acute renal failure in dogs.
Authors: R W Baehler, T A Kotchen, C E Ott
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

We previously have shown that chronic sodium chloride (NaCl) loading protects against HgCl2-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in dogs. To determine whether NaCl loading protects against an ischemic model of ARF, unilateral oliguric renal failure was produced by the infusion of norepinephrine (NE) into the renal artery of both saline-expanded (SE) and water-drinking (WD) dogs (n = 7). The renal renin content (30 U/g kidney) of SE dogs was suppressed (P less than 0.001) compared to that of WD dogs (132 +/- 18). Forty-eight hours after infusion of NE (1.5 microgram/kg per min X 100 min), inulin clearances from the infused kidney of SE (6 ml/min +/- 2) and WD dogs (7 +/- 2) did not differ; in both groups, respective clearances from the noninfused kidney (43 ml/min +/- 3) and (36 +/- 5) also did not differ from each other. The present fall in renal blood flow to the infused kidney 48 hours after NE in SE (44%) and WD dogs (38%) did not differ. Because of failure to demonstrate protection, a lower dose of NE (0.75 microgram/kg per min X 40 min) was infused into SE and WD animals (n = 6). Forty-eight hours after low dose NE, inulin clearances of the infused kidney of SE (17 ml/min +/- 5) and WD dogs (17 +/- 4) did not differ. Respective clearances in the noninfused kidney of SE (46 ml/min +/- 6) and WD dogs (35 +/- 4) did not differ. Therefore, despite suppression of renal renin content, NaCl loading failed to protect against this ischemic model of ARF. In conclusion, unlike HgCl2-induced ARF, it is unlikely that the renin angiotensin system contributes to the pathogenesis of this ischemic model of ARF.
Use of the Denver pleuroperitoneal shunt in the treatment of chylothorax secondary to filariasis.
Authors: N D Kitchen, D B Hocken, R M Greenhalgh, D K Kaplan
Journal: Thorax (1991)

A 57 year old woman developed a chylothorax as a result of having had filariasis as a child. This failed to respond to conservative measures but was successfully managed by means of a Denver pleuroperitoneal shunt.
The Quality of Medical Care Provided to Vulnerable Community-Dwelling Older Patients
Authors: Neil S. Wenger, David H. Solomon, Carol P. Roth, Catherine H. MacLean, Debra Saliba, Caren J. Kamberg, Laurence Z. Rubenstein, Roy T. Young, Elizabeth M. Sloss, Rachel Louie, John Adams, John T. Chang, Patricia J. Venus, John F. Schnelle, Paul G. Shekelle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Many people 65 years of age and older are at risk for functional decline and death. However, the resource-intensive medical care provided to this group has received little evaluation. Previous studies have focused on general medical conditions aimed at prolonging life, not on geriatric issues important for quality of life. To measure the quality of medical care provided to vulnerable elders by evaluating the process of care using Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders quality indicators (QIs). Observational cohort study. Managed care organizations in the northeastern and southwestern United States. Vulnerable older patients identified by a brief interview from a random sample of community-dwelling adults 65 years of age or older who were enrolled in 2 managed care organizations and received care between July 1998 and July 1999. Percentage of 207 QIs passed, overall and for 22 target conditions; by domain of care (prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up); and by general medical condition (for example, diabetes and heart failure) or geriatric condition (for example, falls and incontinence). Patients were eligible for 10 711 QIs, of which 55% were passed. There was no overall difference between managed care organizations. Wide variation in adherence was found among conditions, ranging from 9% for end-of-life care to 82% for stroke care. More treatment QIs were completed (81%) compared with other domains (follow-up, 63%; diagnosis, 46%; and prevention, 43%). Adherence to QIs was lower for geriatric conditions than for general medical conditions (31% vs. 52%; P < 0.001). Care for vulnerable elders falls short of acceptable levels for a wide variety of conditions. Care for geriatric conditions is much less optimal than care for general medical conditions.
A Novel Experimental Heme Oxygenase-1–Targeted Therapy for Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer
Authors: Moulay A. Alaoui-Jamali, Tarek A. Bismar, Ajay Gupta, Walter A. Szarek, Jie Su, Wei Song, Yingjie Xu, Bin Xu, Guoan Liu, Jason Z. Vlahakis, Gheorghe Roman, Jinsong Jiao, Hyman M. Schipper
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a member of the heat shock protein family, plays a key role as a sensor and regulator of oxidative stress. Herein, we identify HO-1 as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for advanced prostate cancer (PCA). Immunohistochemical analysis of prostate tissue using a progression tissue microarray from patients with localized PCA and across several stages of disease progression revealed a significant elevation of HO-1 expression in cancer epithelial cells, but not in surrounding stromal cells, from hormone-refractory PCA (HRPCA) compared with hormone-responsive PCA and benign tissue. Silencing the ho-1 gene in HRPCA cells decreased the HO-1 activity, oxidative stress, and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase/p38 kinase. This coincided with reduced cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell invasion in vitro, as well as inhibition of prostate tumor growth and lymph node and lung metastases in vivo. The effect of ho-1 silencing on these oncogenic features was mimicked by exposure of cells to a novel selective small-molecule HO-1 inhibitor referred to as OB-24. OB-24 selectively inhibited HO-1 activity in PCA cells, which correlated with a reduction of protein carbonylation and reactive oxygen species formation. Moreover, OB-24 significantly inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth and lymph node/lung metastases in vivo. A potent synergistic activity was observed when OB-24 was combined with Taxol. Together, these results establish HO-1 as a potential therapeutic target for advanced PCA.
Comparison of melanocytic naevi with photographs, a recommended method
Authors: R. Marks
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Comparison of melanocytic naevi with photographs, a recommended method Get access R. Marks R. Marks Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria 3065 Australia E‐mail: renniema@svhm.org.au Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 2, 1 February 2003, Page 365, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05097_2.x Published: 01 February 2003
Evolution of crystallins: expression of lens-specific proteins in the blind mammals mole (Talpa europaea) and mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi).
Authors: Y Quax-Jeuken, S Bruisten, H Bloemendal, W W de Jong, E Nevo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1985)

The mole (Talpa europaea; Insectivora) and the mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi; Rodentia) both have degenerated eyes as a convergent adaptation to subterranean life. The rudimentary eye lenses of these blind mammals no longer function in a visual process. The crystallin genes, which display a lens-specific expression pattern, were studied in these blind mammals and in related species with normal eyes by hybridizing their genomic DNAs with probes obtained from cDNA clones for alpha A-, alpha B-, and beta Bp-crystallins from calf and gamma 3-crystallin from the rat. For all crystallin genes examined, the hybridization signals of mole and mole rat genomic DNA were comparable, respectively, with those of shrew and of rat and mouse, normal-vision representatives of the orders Insectivora and Rodentia. The expression of the crystallins at the protein level was tested by using antiserum specific for alpha-crystallin in immunofluorescence reactions on lens sections of mole and mole rat eyes and by using antisera against the beta- and gamma-crystallins on sections of the mole eye. All antisera gave positive fluorescence reactions exclusively with lens tissue of these blind mammals, indicating that the crystallins are still normally expressed despite the fact that these lenses have had no function in a visual process in these mammals for at least many million years. These findings apparently imply that some unknown selective advantage has conserved the crystallin genes and their expression after the loss of normal function of the lenses.
Transmission of H7N7 avian influenza A virus to human beings during a large outbreak in commercial poultry farms in the Netherlands
Authors: Marion Koopmans, Berry Wilbrink, Marina Conyn, Gerard Natrop, Hans van der Nat, Harry Vennema, Adam Meijer, Jim van Steenbergen, Ron Fouchier, Albert Osterhaus, Arnold Bosman
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
Preliminary Observations on the Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Gas Tensions in the Knee-Joint in Normal and Pathological Conditions
Authors: O. A. Savage, H. J. Taylor
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1939)

THE injection method of estimating the carbon dioxide and oxygen tissue gas tensions has been extensively used for observa- tions in the pleural cavity, the peritoneal cavity, the bladder, the washed-out stomach and intestine, the subcutaneous tissues and the body fluids.The principle of the method is that air, nitrogen or a mixture of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen is injected into the tissue or part whose oxygen and carbon dioxide tension it is desired to measure.The gas is left until in equilibrium with the tissue gases and a sample is then removed and analysed.The subject has been reviewed by J. Argyll Campbell (1931).It cannot be said that the presence of the injected gas is usually normal, but injection of gas into the pleural cavity is a routine method of treating tuberculosis of the lung and the injection of oxygen into the sheath of the nerve is a method of treating sciatica.We can find no data with regard to gas tensions in joints.It is from this point of view that we have made measurements of gas tensions in joints, both normal and diseased.Previously gas has been injected into joints with two objects in view:(a) FOR DIAGNOSTIC PuRPosEs.-Inflation of the joint, it is claimed, gives clearer radiographs and thus facilitates examina- tion.It has been used by many authors, notably Terracol and
Second-Generation Monoclonal Antibodies to Intestinal MUC2 Peptide Reactive With Colon Cancer
Authors: P.-X. Xing, J. Prenzoska, G. T. Layton, P. L. Devine, I. F.C. McKenzie
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Background: Antitumor antibodies have traditionally been made to whole tumors or tumor extract. The use of defined synthetic antigens would be desirable for producing monoclonal antibodies. Purpose: Our purpose was to determine if antipeptide antibody to MUC2 had antitumor activity and specificity. Methods: A 29aminoacid peptide to MUC2 was synthesized and monoclonal antibodies were produced after immunizing BALB/c mice with peptidekeyholelimpet hemocyanin in complete Freund's adjuvant, and the monoclonal antibodies were tested on peptides and human tissues. Results: CCP31, CCP37, and CCP58 monoclonal antibodies were produced using MUC2 MI29 (KYPTTTPISTTTMVTPTPTPTGTQTPTTT) containing one repeat unit of 23 amino acids and part of the next repeat of four amino acids. These antibodies reacted with the MUC2derived peptide but not with MUC1 or MUC3derived peptides. One of the monoclonal antibodies, CCP58, reacted strongly with human colon cancer and normal intestine in both fresh and formalinfixed tissues; two other antibodies, CCP37 and CCP31, reacted only with fresh human tissues of normal colon and malignant colon tumors by immunoperoxidase staining. In addition, CCP37 and CCP58 reacted strongly with human gastric cancer; all antibodies reacted weakly with human salivary gland, and none reacted with tissues from normal human lung, kidney, stomach, pancreas, or endometrium. By analysis of mucin molecules by Western blotting, the antigen detected by monoclonal antibodies CCP37 and CCP58 was found to be of a high relative molecular mass (520 kd). Conclusions: AntiMUC2 peptide antibodies appear to be relatively tissue specific and represent a new method of producing antitumor antibodies. [J Natl Cancer Inst 84:699–703,1992
Prospective Comparison of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Authors: Georgette Adjorlolo-Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To compare mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2, respectively) and to assess the impact of maternal HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections on child survival.Prospective cohort study.Maternal and child health center in a lower socioeconomic class district of Abidjan, Ivory Coast.A total of 18,099 women delivering between 1990 and 1992 were tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. A cohort of 613 pregnant women and their infants was followed prospectively (138 women reactive to HIV-1, 132 reactive to HIV-2, 69 reactive to both viruses, and 274 HIV-seronegative).Rates of perinatal transmission for HIV-1, HIV-2, and both viruses, determined from results of serological and polymerase chain reaction tests on children; survival of infants born to HIV-1-positive, HIV-2-positive, dually reactive, and HIV-seronegative women.Of the 18,099 women tested, 9.4% were reactive to HIV-1 alone, 1.6% to HIV-2 alone, and 1.0% to both viruses. The rate of perinatal transmission of HIV-1 was 24.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.8% to 33.7%), compared with 1.2% (95% CI, 0.0% to 3.5%) for HIV-2 (relative risk, 21.3; 95% CI, 2.9 to 154.3). Overall, 19.0% (95% CI, 9.0% to 29.0%) of infants of dually reactive women became infected; of the 11 children concerned, 10 were infected with HIV-1 and one with HIV-1 and HIV-2. Infants of HIV-seropositive mothers had a reduced survival; mortality rates were 15.1, 13.0, 6.5, and 3.4 deaths per 100 child-years, respectively, for children of HIV-1-positive, dually reactive, HIV-2-positive, and HIV-seronegative women.The rate of perinatal transmission of HIV-2 (1.2%) was much lower than the rate of perinatal transmission of HIV-1 (24.7%), and this was associated with more favorable survival for infants of HIV-2-infected mothers. Dually reactive women could transmit both viruses, although transmission usually involved HIV-1 only. Public health guidelines should incorporate advice that perinatal transmission of HIV-2 is rare.