tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Mellitus and the Pneumococcus
Authors: Robert Austrian
Journal: JAMA (1980)

THE COMMENTARY on "Pneumococcus Infection in Diabetes Mellitus: Is This a Justification for Immunization?"1 raises an interesting issue. It may indeed be true that the attack rate of pneumococcal pneumonia in well-regulated diabetics is no higher than that in the nondiabetic population, although data to confirm or to refute this view are lacking. The view set forth by the author that "diabetic ketoacidosis is precipitated by infection" is widely held by those knowledgeable about diabetes mellitus. The cited COMMENTARY also states that vascular changes in the course of diabetes may affect a number of organs, including the kidneys and heart, the ultimate failure of which would be a detriment to resistance to pneumococcal infection. <h3>Value of Prophylaxis</h3> The question of the value of prophylaxis for pneumococcal infection may be approached from several points of view. One is to look at the incidence of such infection and to make a judgment
696 ELEVATED EXPRESSION OF OSTEOPONTIN IS RELATED TO ADIPOSE TISSUE MACROPHAGE ACCUMULATION AND LIVER STEATOSIS IN MORBID OBESITY
Authors: A. Bertola, V. Deveaux, S. Bonnafous, D. Rousseau, R. Anty, A. Wakkach, M. Dahman, J. Tordjman, K. Clément, S.E. McQuaid, K.N. Frayn, P.M. Huet, J. Gugenheim, S. Lotersztajn, Y. Le Marchand-Brustel, A. Tran, P. Gual
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Treatment of instrumental oesophageal perforation.
Authors: I C Wesdorp, J F Bartelsman, K Huibregtse, F C den Hartog Jager, G N Tytgat
Journal: Gut (1984)

Results of a conservative approach in the treatment of instrumental oesophageal perforation were evaluated in 54 patients. The perforations occurred either during introduction of/or manipulation with fibre-endoscopes (six), during dilatation procedures with metal olives (five), mercury bougies (six) or during pneumodilatation (two) in 19 patients without malignancy and during an intubation procedure of a plastic prosthesis in 35 patients with an inoperable malignant oesophageal narrowing. In the majority of patients (94.4%) the diagnosis of oesophageal perforation was made within two hours. Conservative treatment consisted of nothing by mouth, antibiotics and naso-oesophageal suction. Of the 19 patients without malignancy, 14 were treated conservatively and five by surgery (primary closure and drainage) with no deaths. All patients with an oesophageal perforation caused by palliative intubation received conservative treatment with three deaths (8.6%). Non-surgical treatment of instrumental oesophageal perforation is feasable and acceptable, provided the perforation is detected early, before major contamination has occurred and is indicated in case of perforation in patients with malignancy.
Nefazodone-Induced Liver Failure: Report of Three Cases
Authors: J Aranda-Michel, A Koehler, P A Bejarano, J E Poulos, B A Luxon, C M Khan, L C Ee, W F Balistreri, F L Weber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Liver failure is a rare but devastating result of drug toxicity. Objective: To describe three cases of subfulminant liver failure that were probably caused by nefazodone, a new antidepressant that is a synthetically derived phenylpiperazine. Design: Case series. Setting: Two university medical centers and a children's hospital. Patients: Three women 16 to 57 years of age. Intervention: Two patients underwent liver transplantation; the third was listed for transplantation but subsequently improved. Measurement: Liver biopsy. Results: Nefazodone was administered for 14 to 28 weeks before the onset of symptoms. The duration of jaundice before onset of encephalopathy ranged from 4 to 6 weeks. All cases of liver failure had similar histologic appearance, with prominent necrosis in the centrolobular areas (zone 3). One patient had successful liver transplantation, one underwent transplantation but died, and one improved without transplantation. The temporal onset of disease after the start of nefazodone therapy suggested severe hepatocellular injury caused by the drug. Conclusions: Because nefazodone seems to cause severe hepatocellular injury in an idiosyncratic manner, routine liver chemistries should be performed before starting nefazodone therapy and patients should be monitored regularly. Therapy should be discontinued if liver enzyme concentrations become abnormal.
ORAL INFECTION AND STERILIZATION.
Authors: M. L. RHEIN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The lack of requisite training of medical undergraduates in dental principles is well understood by our Section. Appreciating as we do the bar to general efficiency which this defect in primary education causes, it has been for many years one of the important aims of the Section on Stomatology to endeavor to have proper instruction in dental principles made a part of the medical curriculum. To all practitioners laboring under this disqualification, oral infection will always be more or less of a bugaboo. This is due to the fact that in order to be able to comprehend any departure from a normal condition of the tissues in the dental region, it is necessary to be thoroughly familiar with the physiologic appearance of these parts. The most important thing in oral infection is, naturally, a proper diagnosis. For this purpose it may be best to separate the subject into
Therapy of Experimental Babesiosis
Authors: KENNETH S. ROWIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Babesia microti infections established in hamsters were treated successfully with clindamycin. Regimens that contained this drug consistently cleared the infection rapidly and without relapse once the drug was discontinued. Late in the course of the infection, the addition of quinine, through the oral but not parenteral route, to clindamycin therapy, was more effective than clindamycin alone. Both clindamycin and the combination of clindamycin and oral quinine are safe, effective treatments for life-threatening babesiosis.
Synovial fluid ferritin in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: D R Blake, P A Bacon, E J Eastham, K Brigham
Journal: BMJ (1980)

through the decade (x2=577, df=9, p<.<0001), mainly owing to the high incidences in 1978 and particularly 1979.I analysed the 31 cases occurring in 1979 in more detail to see whether the expected associations had been distorted.The male to female ratio was 27:4 (6 8:1).Firstborn children constituted 42% of cases (13/31) compared with 31 °0 of live-born children.The number of affected infants born each
Religious Tradition and Concern for the Welfare of All Living Beings
Authors: Richard Piekarz
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Etiology of Fulminant Viral Hepatitis in Greece
Authors: George Papaevangelou, Nicolaos Tassopoulos, Anastasia Roumeliotou-Karayannis, Clive Richardson
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The etiology of fulminant viral hepatitis was determined in 65 consecutive cases among 1,814 (3.58%) adults with acute viral hepatitis who were admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital of Athens from May, 1981 to August, 1983. Radioimmunoassays were used to detect hepatitis B virus, hepatitis A virus and δ-agent markers. Enzyme immunoassay was used to detect anti-HBc IgM. Hepatitis B virus was responsible for 48 (73.9%), non-A, non-B for 16 (24.6%) and hepatitis A virus for one case (1.5%). The use of anti-HBc IgM identified 10 cases of fulminant type B hepatitis among HBsAg negative, anti-HBc and anti-HBs positive patients. Fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis was superimposed on 10 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers; δ-agent co-infection was diagnosed in two fulminant type B hepatitis cases. These data show that hepatitis B virus is the major cause of fulminant hepatitis in Greece. HBsAg carriers are at high risk for fulminant non-A, non-B hepatitis. α-agent does not seem to be as important as in Italy and other countries.
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Hepatic Steatosis in Northern Italy
Authors: Stefano Bellentani, Gioconda Saccoccio, Flora Masutti, Lory S. Crocè, Giovanni Brandi, Franco Sasso, Giovanni Cristanini, Claudio Tiribelli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Although hepatic steatosis is seen with increasing frequency in clinical practice, its prevalence and risk factors are unknown. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatic steatosis, such as alcohol consumption and obesity. Design: Cross-sectional, observational study. Setting: Participants in the Dionysos Study. Patients: 257 participants assigned to one of four categories (67 controls, 66 obese persons, 69 heavy drinkers, and 55 obese heavy drinkers). Measurements: Ethanol intake, assessed by a validated questionnaire and expressed as daily (g/d) and lifetime (kg) consumption, and body mass, expressed as body mass index. Biochemical tests of liver and metabolic function and hepatic ultrasonography were done. Results: The prevalence of steatosis was increased in heavy drinkers (46.4% [95% CI, 34% to 59%]) and obese persons (75.8% [CI, 63% to 85%]) compared with controls (16.4% [CI, 8% to 25%]). Steatosis was found in 94.5% (CI, 85% to 99%) of obese heavy drinkers. Compared with controls, the risk for steatosis was higher by 2.8-fold (CI, 1.4-fold to 7.1-fold) in heavy drinkers, 4.6-fold (CI, 2.5-fold to 11.0-fold) in obese persons, and 5.8-fold (CI, 3.2-fold to 12.3-fold) in persons who were obese and drank heavily. In heavy drinkers, obesity increased the risk for steatosis by twofold (CI, 1.5-fold to 3.0-fold) (P < 0.001), but heavy drinking was associated with only a 1.3-fold (CI, 1.02-fold to 1.6-fold) increase in risk in obese persons (P = 0.0053). Elevated alanine aminotransferase and triglyceride levels are the most reliable markers of steatosis. Conclusions: Steatosis is frequently encountered in healthy persons and is almost always present in obese persons who drink more than 60 g of alcohol per day. Steatosis is more strongly associated with obesity than with heavy drinking, suggesting a greater role of overweight than alcohol consumption in accumulation of fat in the liver.
Relative Efficiency of Depolarization and Repolarization of the Myocardium Determined from the Spatial Vectorcardiogram
Authors: CHARLES E. KOSSMANN, STANLEY A. BRILLER, NATHAN MARCHAND
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

Utilizing differential vectorcardiography and certain calculations, a method is presented by which the relative quantities of electrical energy expended in depolarization and repolarization of the myocardium in man can be determined.
DISCORDANCE IN LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLE NUMBER (LDL-P) AND APOLIPOPROTEIN B (APO B) LEVEL
Authors: Pamela Morris, Narinder Bhalla, Kellie Mclain, Hector Malave, James Underberg, Ralph Joe Teague, Hollye Garner, Deborah Winegar, Ray Pourfarzib
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Medical School Curriculum in the People's Republic of China
Authors: E. Grey Dimond
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A brief report of the curriculum of the Shanghai Second Medical School is given.  The curriculum is being followed by students admitted in September 1975.  The general groupings of subjects are: 1) political studies;  2) practical study of industry agriculture and the military;  3) physical education;  and 4) vocational studies.  The education and training of the students in the 1st 2nd and 3rd year are described.  Special advanced lecture courses are given near the end of the 2nd and 3rd years.  The 12 weeks of practical study of industry agriculture an d the military occur throughout the 3 years.  The quota of medical students admitted the 1st year is geographically distributed;  the student admitted comes from a work assignment.  1/2 of the new students are women.  All students admitted can anticipate becoming physicians;  additional tutoring is provided for a student in academic difficulty.  Most of the gruduates have definite work assignments on leaving medical schooly Almost all of the specialists in obstetrics gynecology and pediatrics are women.
KATP channels and basal coronary vascular tone
Authors: J. Daut, H.-G. Klieber, S. Cyrys, T. Noack
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article KATP channels and basal coronary vascular tone Get access Jürgen Daut, Jürgen Daut Physiologisches Institut der Technischen Universität Munchen, Munich, Germany: H-G Klieber, S Cyrys; Institut für Normale und Pathologische Physiologie der Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany: J Daut, T Noack. Correspondence to Professor Daut, at Institut für Normale und Pathologische Physiologie der Universität Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 2, 35033 Marburg, Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans-Georg Klieber, Hans-Georg Klieber Physiologisches Institut der Technischen Universität Munchen, Munich, Germany: H-G Klieber, S Cyrys; Institut für Normale und Pathologische Physiologie der Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany: J Daut, T Noack. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sabine Cyrys, Sabine Cyrys Physiologisches Institut der Technischen Universität Munchen, Munich, Germany: H-G Klieber, S Cyrys; Institut für Normale und Pathologische Physiologie der Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany: J Daut, T Noack. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas Noack Thomas Noack Physiologisches Institut der Technischen Universität Munchen, Munich, Germany: H-G Klieber, S Cyrys; Institut für Normale und Pathologische Physiologie der Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany: J Daut, T Noack. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 6, June 1994, Pages 811–817, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.6.811 Published: 01 June 1994 Article history Received: 22 February 1994 Accepted: 29 March 1994 Published: 01 June 1994
Associations of GAD65- and IA-2-Autoantibodies With Genetic Risk Markers in New-Onset IDDM Patients and Their Siblings. The Belgian Diabetes Registry
Authors: Christina L Vandewalle, Alberto Falorni, Åke Lernmark, Patrick Goubert, Harry Dorchy, Willy Coucke, Crispin Semakula, Bart Van Der Auwera, Leon Kaufman, Frans C Schuit, Daniël G Pipeleers, Frans K Gorus
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To investigate the association of GAD (65-kDa) autoantibodies (GAD65-Abs) and IA-2 autoantibodies (IA-2-Abs) with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ and insulin gene (INS) risk markers in patients with recent-onset IDDM and their siblings.Blood was sampled from 608 recent-onset IDDM patients and 480 siblings, aged 0-39 years and consecutively recruited by the Belgian Diabetes Registry, to determine GAD65- and IA-2-Ab (radiobinding assay), HLA-DQ- (allele-specific oligonucleotyping), and INS-genotypes (restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis; siblings, n = 439).At the onset of IDDM, GAD65-Abs were preferentially associated with two populations at genetic risk but only in the 20- to 39-year age-group: 1) their prevalence was higher in carriers of DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 (88 vs. 73% in non[DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302], P = 0.001), and 2) an association was found in patients lacking this haplotype but carrying DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201, together with INS I/I (87 vs. 54% vs. non[INS I/I], P = 0.003). Siblings of IDDM patients also presented the association of GAD65-Abs with DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 (13 vs. 2% non[DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302], P < 0.001), while associations with the second genetic risk group could not yet be assessed. At the onset of IDDM, IA-2-Ab prevalence was higher in carriers of DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 (69 vs. 39% non[DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302], P < 0.001) but not of DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 or INS I/I. This association was present in both the 0- to 19- and the 20- to 39-year age-groups. It was also found in siblings of IDDM patients (4 vs. 0% non[DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302], P < 0.001).Both GAD65- and IA-2-Abs exhibit higher prevalences in presence of HLA-DQ- and/or INS-genetic risk markers. Their respective associations differ with age at clinical onset, suggesting a possible usefulness in the identification of subgroups in this heterogeneous disease.
Racial and Community Factors Influencing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Rates for All 1986 Medicare Patients
Authors: Kenneth C. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This study examines the differences in the rates of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between white and black Medicare patients.This is a cross-sectional study with data from the 1986 Health Care Financing Administration hospital claims records on all Medicare patients, the 1988 update of the Bureau of Health Professions area resource file, and the 1985 Census Bureau's county population estimates file.Data are from all Medicare patients in the United States in 1986.Sex- and age-adjusted CABG rates for whites and blacks over the age of 65 years were computed for each of 50 states and 305 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs).Nationally the CABG rate was 27.1 per 10,000 for whites (40.4 for white men and 16.2 for white women), but only 7.6 for blacks (9.3 for black men and 6.4 for black women). Racial differences were greater in the Southeast, particularly in nonmetropolitan areas, than in other regions. Neither white nor black SMSA rates were associated with the rate of admission for acute myocardial infarction (an indication of the amount of coronary artery disease). White rates, but not black rates, were associated with the number of thoracic surgeons per 100,000 people.For patients insured by Medicare, race is strongly associated with CABG rates, and this association is greater for men than for women and greater in the Southeast than in other parts of the country. Physician supply may relate to the CABG rates for whites.
Russia proposes testing foreigners for AIDS
Authors: P Conradi
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A bill that would require all foreigners entering Russia to be tested for AIDS has provoked opposition from human rights activists but has been welcomed by some doctors. Only three members of the 450 seat Duma, the lower house of parliament, voted against the bill, which was passed after a stormy debate on 28 October.

Condemning AIDS as a disease imported from abroad, deputies agreed measures that would require every foreigner - even tourists and businesspeople on short visits - to carry proof that they were not infected with HIV. Those who are HIV positive or refuse to be tested would face deportation. The bill also makes …
Your Sight: Folklore, Fact and Common Sense
Authors: Ephraim Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This book, written by a professional writer specializing in books and articles on science and medicine, is difficult to categorize in terms of either the audience for which it was written or the function it was intended to serve. The jacket indicates that the book was intended as a layman's guide to good eyesight and the care and protection of eyes. Although a few pages are devoted to some practical considerations about the prevention and treatment of eye disease, most of the book consists of a potpourri of miscellaneous information about the eye. There is a little history, a little mythology, and some anatomy and physiology. Most of the text is devoted to a description of a variety of fairly common ocular disorders. The author has done an excellent job of researching and presenting his material, which is surprisingly accurate and sophisticated despite the fact that he himself is a
Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise: Role of Endothelial Shear Stress
Authors: Josef Niebauer, John P. Cooke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)

Experimental, epidemiologic and clinical studies have provided strong evidence that physical exercise has beneficial effects on multiple physiological variables affecting cardiovascular health (lipoprotein levels, rest blood pressure and heart rate, carbohydrate tolerance, neurohormonal activity). Regular exercise has been shown to slow the progression of cardiovascular disease and to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. More recently, exercise-induced increases in blood flow and shear stress have been observed to enhance vascular function and structure. By increasing the release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin, shear stress augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation and inhibits multiple processes involved in atherogenesis and restenosis. In this review we discuss the underlying mechanisms by which exercise-induced blood flow and shear stress exert their salutary effects on cardiovascular remodeling.
Effect of Verapamil and Procainamide on Atrial Fibrillation–Induced Electrical Remodeling in Humans
Authors: Emile G. Daoud, Bradley P. Knight, Raul Weiss, Marwan Bahu, Walter Paladino, Rajiva Goyal, K. Ching Man, S. Adam Strickberger, Fred Morady
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) shortens the atrial effective refractory period (ERP) and predisposes to further episodes of AF. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of verapamil and procainamide on these manifestations of AF-induced electrical remodeling.In adult patients without structural heart disease, the atrial ERP was measured before and after AF after pharmacological autonomic blockade and administration of verapamil (17 patients), procainamide (10 patients), or saline (20 patients). AF was then induced by rapid pacing. Immediately on AF conversion, the post-AF ERP was measured at alternating drive cycle lengths of 350 and 500 ms. In the saline group, the pre-AF and first post-AF ERPs at the 350-ms drive cycle length were 206+/-19 and 179+/-27 ms (P<.0001), respectively, and at the 500-ms drive cycle length, the values were 217+/-16 and 183+/-23 ms, respectively (P<.0001). There was a similar significant shortening of the first post-AF ERP in the procainamide group. In the verapamil group, however, there was no difference between the pre-AF and the first post-AF ERP at the 350-ms (226+/-15 versus 227+/-22 ms, P=.8) or 500-ms (230+/-17 versus 232+/-20 ms, P=.6) drive cycle length. During determinations of the post-AF ERP, 105 secondary episodes of AF were unintentionally induced in 12% of verapamil patients compared with 90% and 80% of saline and procainamide patients (P<.01 versus verapamil).Pretreatment with the calcium channel antagonist verapamil, but not the sodium channel antagonist procainamide, markedly attenuates acute, AF-induced changes in atrial electrophysiological properties. These data suggest that calcium loading during AF may be at least partially responsible for AF-induced electrical remodeling.