tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Disorders in Neurology
Authors: L Bromley
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed A H V Schapria, S DiMauro Butterworth-Heinemann, £45, pp 254 ISBN 0-7506-0585-5

Once upon a time, aeons ago, a small bacterium-like prokaryotic organism invaded a nucleated cell. After a stormy relationship they settled down and became devoted to one another. Each kept its own DNA and ribosomes; the cell provided a comfortable home, while the prokaryote became a wonderful source of energy and evolved into a mitochondrion.

But, just as cells suffer genetic mutations and mishaps in their nuclear DNA, so do mitochondria in the mitochondrial DNA. Inheritance of mitochondrial genetic disorders is maternal because the sperm gets its nuclear DNA into the egg but leaves the mitochondria outside. Sons and daughters may suffer the …
The E3-Ligase TRIM Family of Proteins Regulates Signaling Pathways Triggered by Innate Immune Pattern-Recognition Receptors
Authors: Gijs A. Versteeg, Ricardo Rajsbaum, Maria Teresa Sánchez-Aparicio, Ana M. Maestre, Julio Valdiviezo, Mude Shi, Kyung-Soo Inn, Ana Fernandez-Sesma, Jae Jung, Adolfo García-Sastre
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Is Transfusion Hepatitis Here to Stay?
Authors: George Grady
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Recipients of a group of transfusions that included one or more units positive for hepatitis B antigen (Australia antigen) by a widely used radioimmunoassay method (Ausria-125) have two to four times the average risk of hepatitis B infection after blood transfusion, according to the report by Hollinger et al. in this issue (p. 385). If serologic evidence is included in calculations of infection rates, the number of events observed was large enough for the excess risk associated with positive tests to be significant statistically. In a small number of the recipients documentable liver disease also developed. These cases were proportionately . . .
The History of Tumor Virology
Authors: Ronald T. Javier, Janet S. Butel
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract In the century since its inception, the field of tumor virology has provided groundbreaking insights into the causes of human cancer. Peyton Rous founded this scientific field in 1911 by discovering an avian virus that induced tumors in chickens; however, it took 40 years for the scientific community to comprehend the effect of this seminal finding. Later identification of mammalian tumor viruses in the 1930s by Richard Shope and John Bittner, and in the 1950s by Ludwik Gross, sparked the first intense interest in tumor virology by suggesting the possibility of a similar causal role for viruses in human cancers. This change in attitude opened the door in the 1960s and 1970s for the discovery of the first human tumor viruses—EBV, hepatitis B virus, and the papillomaviruses. Such knowledge proved instrumental to the development of the first cancer vaccines against cancers having an infectious etiology. Tumor virologists additionally recognized that viruses could serve as powerful discovery tools, leading to revolutionary breakthroughs in the 1970s and 1980s that included the concept of the oncogene, the identification of the p53 tumor suppressor, and the function of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor. The subsequent availability of more advanced molecular technologies paved the way in the 1980s and 1990s for the identification of additional human tumor viruses—human T-cell leukemia virus type 1, hepatitis C virus, and Kaposi's sarcoma virus. In fact, current estimates suggest that viruses are involved in 15% to 20% of human cancers worldwide. Thus, viruses not only have been shown to represent etiologic agents for many human cancers but have also served as tools to reveal mechanisms that are involved in all human malignancies. This rich history promises that tumor virology will continue to contribute to our understanding of cancer and to the development of new therapeutic and preventive measures for this disease in the 21st century. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):7693–706]
Second case of CML with aberrant BCR‐ABL fusion transcript (e8/a2) with insertion of an inverted ABL intron 1b sequence
Authors: Takeshi Sugimoto, Kentaro Ijima, Hisashi Hisatomi, Tohru Murayama, Ishikazu Mizuno, Akio Hato, Shion Imoto, Ryuichiro Nishimura, Tamio Koizumi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract We found a case of Ph‐positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patient with an atypical BCR‐ABL transcript that was undetectable by a routine reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for major BCR‐ABL. Additional RT‐PCR and sequence analyses have demonstrated that the aberrant transcript consists of a fusion of BCR exon 8 (e8) and ABL exon 2 (a2) with an insertion of a 55‐bp inverted sequence of intron 1b between them. The nucleotide sequences of the aberrant transcript were identical to those of a previously reported CML patient. These are the only two CML cases in the literature with identical aberrant BCR‐ABL transcripts. Am. J. Hematol. 77:164–166, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prepaid Entitlements
Authors: James L. Schroeder, John T. Clarke, James R. Webster
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The transition from a fee-for-service model to a prepaid health care system creates new challenges for both physicians and patients. Occasionally both can feel trapped in the new setting and must rely on new or different strategies to reach sometimes divergent objectives. This may alter the physician-patient relationship in ways that neither likes. Based on our experience in a large multispecialty academic group practice, we have developed management strategies to mitigate such stresses on both parties. These include review of marketing efforts; education of new patients to foster realistic expectations; a physician-generated, prospective internal policy for dealing with dissatisfied patients and physicians; a strong central administrative physician to serve as a "lightning rod" and counselor; and continuing physician orientation and education to improve judgment and attitudes. These strategies promote the physician's role as expert consultant-educator with the best interests of the patient as the first priority.
Beware adopting rigid rules
Authors: H. Marcus, D. Sayer, T. Harris
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Perry and colleagues try to identify high risk clinical characteristics for subarachnoid haemorrhage in neurologically intact patients with acute headache,1 but we caution against the rigid adoption of clinical decision rules on the basis of their findings.

Firstly, although the hallmark of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage is headache reaching maximal intensity immediately …
A 72-Year-Old Man With Localized Prostate Cancer, 1 Year Later
Authors: Thomas L. Delbanco
Journal: JAMA (1996)

At the Surgical Grand Rounds held approximately 1 year ago, Dr Peter Albertsen discussed the management of localized prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 6 (3+3) in a 72-year-old man with a history of arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease and coronary artery bypass graft surgery 13 years before.<sup>1</sup>Dr Albertsen focused on three options: radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, or watchful waiting. We asked the patient and his primary doctor to comment on the year that had passed and the patient's decision to monitor his symptoms and undergo periodic physical examinations and testing of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). <h3>Mr S, the PATIENT:</h3> Looking back on the events of the past year, I feel that my decision not to have prostate surgery or radiation was right for me. During the year, I again developed angina that didn't respond to the medicine I was taking. Fourteen years after my bypass surgery, I
Long-Term Prognosis in Schizophrenia Using the Becker-Wittman Scale and the Phillips Scale
Authors: JOSEPH H. STEPHENS, GARRETT O'CONNOR, GERALD WIENER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Charts of 100 schizophrenic inpatients, of whom half deteriorated and half recovered, were rated on the Becker-Wittman and Phillips Prognostic Scales by a rater blind to the long-term follow-up. Scores on both scales were highly correlated with each other, with follow-up status, and with a process or nonprocess classification by an independent rater. Five factors extracted from a correlation matrix of scores on individual score items were similar to those prognostic variables previously described by others.
Role of COL4A1 in Small-Vessel Disease and Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Douglas B. Gould, F. Campbell Phalan, Saskia E. van Mil, John P. Sundberg, Katayoun Vahedi, Pascale Massin, Marie Germaine Bousser, Peter Heutink, Jeffrey H. Miner, Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve, Simon W.M. John
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Small-vessel diseases of the brain underlie 20 to 30 percent of ischemic strokes and a larger proportion of intracerebral hemorrhages. In this report, we show that a mutation in the mouse Col4a1 gene, encoding procollagen type IV alpha1, predisposes both newborn and adult mice to intracerebral hemorrhage. Surgical delivery of mutant mice alleviated birth-associated trauma and hemorrhage. We identified a COL4A1 mutation in a human family with small-vessel disease. We concluded that mutation of COL4A1 may cause a spectrum of cerebrovascular phenotypes and that persons with COL4A1 mutations may be predisposed to hemorrhage, especially after environmental stress.
Thiazolidinediones expand body fluid volume through PPARγ stimulation of ENaC-mediated renal salt absorption
Authors: You Fei Guan, Chuanming Hao, Dae Ryong Cha, Reena Rao, Wendell Lu, Donald E. Kohan, Mark A. Magnuson, Reyadh Redha, Yahua Zhang, Matthew D. Breyer
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
A310 helical turn is essential for the proliferation-inhibiting properties of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (CCL3)
Authors: Katrin Ottersbach, John Mclean, Neil W. Isaacs, Gerard J. Graham
Journal: Blood (2005)

Despite possessing marked structural similarities, the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha; CCL3) and RANTES (CCL5) display differential activity in hematopoietic progenitor-cell-inhibitory assays, with MIP-1alpha being active and RANTES inactive in this context. We have sought to identify the key structural determinants of this property of MIP-1alpha. This has involved constructing MIP-1alpha/RANTES chimeras by swapping structural domains between the 2 proteins. Results indicate that, in contrast to other chemokine functions, neither the N nor the C termini are key determinants of inhibitory activity. The motif that appears to be most important for this activity lies between the second and fourth cysteines of MIP-1alpha and further domain swap analysis has narrowed this down to the 3 10 helical turn preceding the first beta-strand in MIP-1alpha. More detailed analysis has highlighted the role played by a specific dipeptide motif in the proliferation-inhibitory activity of chemokines. The involvement of the 3 10 helical-turn motif in chemokine function is unprecedented and this study therefore identifies a novel, functionally essential motif within chemokines. In addition, this study further attests to the alternative mechanisms of action used by MIP-1alpha in inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor-cell proliferation and regulation of leukocyte migration.
After the Revolution: DRGs at Age 30
Authors: Kevin Quinn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

1 October 2013 marked 30 years since Medicare began paying hospitals by diagnosis-related group (DRG), arguably the most influential innovation in the history of health care financing. Initially developed as a tool for hospital management, DRGs became the basis of the inpatient prospective payment system that Medicare implemented in 1983. The strong incentives were revolutionary in their impact. Medicare spending growth slowed sharply, and, more remarkable, hospitals posted record profits. After the link between cost and payment was broken, hospitals moved quickly to cut costs. Nevertheless, a literature survey concluded that none of the worst fears about adverse effects on patients were realized. Diagnosis-related groups have also come to define "the product of a hospital" for purposes of benchmarking and risk adjustment. The acceptance of DRG algorithms owes much to their categorical approach, clinical focus, and transparency. The 2 most commonly used algorithms, Medicare DRGs and All Patient Refined (APR) DRGs, typically explain more than 40% of cost variance in inpatient stays, although with considerable range by care category. Because Medicare DRGs are unsuitable for obstetrics, pediatrics, and neonatology, some payers prefer APR DRGs. Diagnosis-related groups have proven to be a suitable basis for payment, as evidenced by widespread use. Common issues include mitigation of adverse incentives, appropriate payment for extremely costly stays, applicability to certain hospitals and care categories, and growing complexity. The DRG experience offers lessons about the effectiveness of financial incentives, the likelihood of adverse effects, the usefulness of case-mix measures, the risks of growing complexity, and the example that sensible policy need not be the domain of any one political party or other entity.
EXPERIMENTS OUTLINING THE LIMITATIONS OF OPERATIONS ON THE ABDOMINAL AORTA
Authors: Charles Goodman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

1. Injuries of the abdominal aorta in dogs may be corrected with subsequent perfect restoration of the continuity of the vessel. 2. The complete occlusion of the aorta for a period of 30 minutes is not necessarily followed by serious consequences. 3. In cases in which a portion of the aorta must be resected, an arterial segment taken from another animal can be safely utilized as a transplant. 4. While the reestablishment of the continuity of the severed aorta by the circular suture is possible, the approximation of the severed ends during the suture entails such injury that thrombosis frequently occurs. Therefore, when the aorta is completely severed, the introduction of a transplanted segment is indicated. 5. An arterial tube of increased caliber made of smaller vessels such as the carotid lends itself readily as a transplant to the severed aorta, with a reasonable assurance of reestablishing the continuity of this vessel. 6. Defects in the aorta can be readily corrected by the use of fascial transplants with a minimum danger of thrombosis.
"Refractory" Ascites in Cirrhosis: Its Management by a Multiple Diuretic Approach.
Authors: F. Steigmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962"Refractory" Ascites in Cirrhosis: Its Management by a Multiple Diuretic Approach.F. Steigmann, M.D., F.A.C.P., A. Sison, M.D.F. Steigmann, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, A. Sison, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-681_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPatients with cirrhosis of the liver occasionally have a "refractory" ascites that resists all therapeutic measures, including the "thiazide" diuretics. Therefore, repeated abdominal paracenteses, portosystemic shunts, bilateral adrenalectomies, or injections of human albumin or dialyzed autogenous ascitic fluid are performed; these give little help but have many reactions.The finding of low sodium content in the urine, saliva, sweat, and feces of these patients, but with increased secretion of aldosterone, suggested the use of aldosterone antagonists for them. Spironolactone, 400 mg daily, plus one of the thiazide derivatives (300 mg hydrochlorothiazide, or 20 to 30 mg benzydroflumethiazide), proved to be... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Ill. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 681-681KeywordsAlbuminsAldosteroneAscitesCirrhosisDiureticsLiverSalivaSodiumSweatUrine Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Yohimbine in neurally mediated syncope. Pathophysiological implications.
Authors: R Mosqueda-Garcia, R Fernandez-Violante, J Tank, M Snell, G Cunningham, R Furlan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

In this study, we evaluated if increased sympathetic stimulation is an essential requirement for the development of neurally mediated syncope (NMS) by manipulating overall sympathetic outflow in subjects susceptible to tilt-induced syncope. Eight previously characterized patients with recurrent NMS (five females and three males; 34+/-2 yr) were recruited from the Vanderbilt Syncope Unit and eight age-matched controls underwent initial administration of clonidine (CLO) or yohimbine (YHO). This was done, prospectively, to determine doses of these agents that would increase or decrease plasma norepinephrine levels by >/= 30%. On a different day, in all subjects we determined intraarterial blood pressure, EKG and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) both supine and during upright tilt. After this, subjects randomly received either CLO or YHO, and 3 h later another tilt was performed. After 1 wk, a similar procedure with the other drug was performed. During the two basal tilts, all the control subjects completed the study, whereas all the NMS patients developed syncope. Reduction in sympathetic tone by CLO resulted in a decreased tolerance to tilt in three out of eight controls and in all the NMS patients. In contrast, YHO not only increased basal plasma NorEpi levels and MSNA, but also prevented syncope in seven out of eight patients. In a selected population of patients, increased sympathetic activity is not a prerequisite for the development of syncope. Yohimbine-induced enhancement of sympathetic tone in patients with NMS improves orthostatic tolerance and raises the possibility that this drug may be a useful agent in the treatment of NMS.
Inflammation‐Induced Drug Release by using a pH‐Responsive Gas‐Generating Hollow‐Microsphere System for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis
Authors: Ming‐Fan Chung, Wei‐Tso Chia, Hung‐Yi Liu, Chun‐Wen Hsiao, Hsu‐Chan Hsiao, Chih‐Man Yang, Hsing‐Wen Sung
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

In the conventional treatment of osteomyelitis, the penetration of antibiotics into the infected bone is commonly poor. To ensure that the local antibiotic concentration is adequate, this work develops an injectable calcium phosphate (CP) cement in which is embedded pH‐responsive hollow microspheres (HMs) that can control the release of a drug according to the local pH. The HMs are fabricated using a microfluidic device, with a shell of poly( d,l ‐lactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) and an aqueous core that contains vancomycin (Van) and NaHCO 3 . At neutral pH, the CP/HM cement elutes a negligible concentration of the drug. In an acidic environment, the NaHCO 3 that is encapsulated in the HMs reacts with the acid rapidly to generate CO 2 bubbles, disrupting the PLGA shells and thereby releasing Van locally in excess of a therapeutic threshold. The feasibility of using this CP/HM cement to treat osteomyelitis is studied using a rabbit model. Analytical results reveal that the CP/HM cement provides highly effective local antibacterial activity. Histological examination further verifies the efficacy of the treatment by the CP/HM cement. The above findings suggest that the CP/HM cement is a highly efficient system for the local delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis.
It's a MALDI but it's a goodie: MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for microbial identification
Authors: Paul Randell
Journal: Thorax (2014)

The last few years have witnessed a revolution in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory with the emergence of matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) as an indispensible tool in microbial identification. In many laboratories this has superseded biochemical profiling. A mass spectrum is acquired from an unknown micro-organism and this proteomic fingerprint is then compared with a database of reference spectra to ascertain the likely genus and species identity. The reproducibility of this method is facilitated by the analysis of continually produced, highly abundant proteins (mainly ribosomal proteins) in the mass range 2000 to 20 000 Da. MALDI-TOF MS is reliable and rapid and has the ability to determine the identity of an isolate from culture in a matter of minutes rather than the hours or days required by more traditional methods. In addition to microbial identification of cultured isolates, work is underway to extend the utility of MALDI-TOF MS to include bacterial identification directly from clinical samples as well as providing timely information regarding antibiotic resistance and typing of different micro-organisms.
Company launches campaign to "counter" BMJ claims
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A public relations company with clients in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry has launched a global campaign to “counter” a recent BMJ article on “female sexual dysfunction” that detailed drug company sponsorship of medical meetings where the condition was defined (4 January, p 45).

London based HCC De Facto this week sent email messages to women's health groups in Canada and Australia seeking volunteers to speak to the press and help generate media coverage to counter the journal …
993. Mouse Model of Acute Hepatitis Using Adenovirus Vector Designed for Gene Therapy
Authors: Tamon Nishino, Katsuhito Iikura, Toya Ohashi, Yoshikatsu Eto
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Mouse model for hepatitis has been studied for years. However narrow host range of infection made it difficult to create suitable model. To overcome this problem, other investigators uses transgenic mouse which express portion of hepatitis viral genome, chemical compound which induce injury of hepatocyte and murine hepatitis virus such as mouse hepatitis virus. For acute hepatitis model, transgenic mouse is not appropriate because it expresses viral all the time. Chemical compound is not suitable because it doesn't induce immunological reaction like viral hepatitis. Using mouse hepatitis virus is hard to quantify viral amount and dangerous because it can spread easily in animal facility.
The effect of meditation on shooting performance.
Authors: E E Solberg, K A Berglund, O Engen, O Ekeberg, M Loeb
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

To study effects of meditation on the shooting performance.25 elite shooters were investigated in an independent groups design. The results in standardised test shootings indoors and in ordinary competitions outdoors were assessed before and after regular meditation training for the experimental group. The experience of tension during the test shootings was self recorded on a visual analogue scale (VAS).The competition results in the outdoor season (1993), just after the meditation training period, compared with the results the previous season (1992), were better in the meditation group (P < 0.05). No significant difference between the groups was observed in the test shootings before and after the relaxation intervention. A significant association was shown between low tension and the results in the test shootings (correlation r = 0.42, P < 0.0001; Wilcoxon rank sum test, z = -3.36, P < 0.001); 18% (= r2) of the variance in performance was explained by tension.Meditation may enhance competitive shooting performance.