tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A ryanodine receptor-like molecule expressed in the osteoclast plasma membrane functions in extracellular Ca2+ sensing.
Authors: M Zaidi, V S Shankar, R Tunwell, O A Adebanjo, J Mackrill, M Pazianas, D O'Connell, B J Simon, B R Rifkin, A R Venkitaraman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) reside in microsomal membranes where they gate Ca2+ release in response to changes in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. In the osteoclast, a divalent cation sensor, the Ca2+ receptor (CaR), located within the cell's plasma membrane, monitors changes in the extracellular Ca2+ concentration. Here we show that a RyR-like molecule is a functional component of this receptor. We have demonstrated that [3H] ryanodine specifically binds to freshly isolated rat osteoclasts. The binding was displaced by ryanodine itself, the CaR agonist Ni2+ and the RyR antagonist ruthenium red. The latter also inhibited cytosolic Ca2+ elevations induced by Ni2+. In contrast, the responses to Ni2+ were strongly potentiated by an antiserum Ab129 raised to an epitope located within the channel-forming domain of the type II RyR. The antiserum also stained the surface of intact, unfixed, trypan blue-negative osteoclasts. Serial confocal sections and immunogold scanning electron microscopy confirmed a plasma membrane localization of this staining. Antiserum Ab34 directed to a putatively intracellular RyR epitope expectedly did not stain live osteoclasts nor did it potentiate CaR activation. It did, however, stain fixed, permeabilized cells in a distinctive cytoplasmic pattern. We conclude that an RyR-like molecule resides within the osteoclast plasma membrane and plays in important role in extracellular Ca2+ sensing.
British doctors in Kosovo appeal for NHS help
Authors: K. Weaver
Journal: BMJ (1999)

British doctors working for KFOR's peace keeping mission in Kosovo are urgently trying to secure funding for the treatment in Britain of four Albanian youngsters badly injured as a result of the war.

Based at 22 Field Hospital in Lipljan in the British sector, near Pristina, the doctors say that their attempts to arrange airlifts of the worst cases to the United Kingdom are being frustrated by bureaucratic delays. Roger Hackney, an orthopaedic surgeon working there since mid-June, told the BMJ: “We don't have the kit for specialist surgery, and most charities are not interested in secondary care as it's expensive and not very glamorous. The Germans have already … taken over 60 children back to Germany for treatment—we [Britain] haven't been able to take even one.”

One urgent case is “Lulu,” a 14 year old Albanian girl who stepped on a mine that blew off her right leg and blinded her in …
Release of [3H]acetylcholine in human isolated bronchi. Effect of indomethacin on muscarinic autoinhibition.
Authors: I Wessler, H Bender, P Härle, K D Höhle, G Kirdorf, H Klapproth, T Reinheimer, J Rícný, K E Schniepp-Mendelssohn, K Racké
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Receptor-mediated regulation of acetylcholine release in the airways, particularly in humans, remains unclear. In the present study, the tissue content of acetylcholine and release of [3H]acetylcholine were measured in freshly dissected human bronchi obtained at thoracotomy. Large (main and lobar bronchi) and small (segmental and subsegmental bronchi) airways contained considerable amounts of endogenous acetylcholine (300 +/- 50 pmol/100 mg wet weight), whereas significantly less was found in lung parenchyma (60 +/- 30 pmol/100 mg). Isolated small bronchi incubated in an organ bath with the precursor [3H]choline synthesized significant amounts of [3H]acetylcholine (26,000 +/- 4,000 dpm/100 mg). Subsequent transmural stimulation (four 20 s trains at 15 Hz) of radiolabeled bronchi caused an enhanced tritium outflow that was abolished by removal of extracellular calcium or by tetrodotoxin. HPLC analysis of the medium collected before, during, and after transmural stimulation showed that the electrically stimulated tritium outflow represented exclusively [3H]acetylcholine, whereas the outflow of [3H]choline and [3H]phosphorylcholine was not affected by electrical stimulation. Oxotremorine (0.1 and 1 mumol/L) inhibited evoked [3H]acetylcholine release in a concentration-related manner, whereas atropine (0.03 mumol/L) enhanced evoked [3H]acetylcholine release. Inactivation of cyclooxygenase activity by 3 mumol/L of indomethacin did not impair the inhibitory effect of 0.1 or 1 mumol/L of oxotremorine. In conclusion, the present experiments indicate a considerable cholinergic innervation of human large and small airways.
ELEVATED RIGHT VENTRICULAR OXIDATIVE METABOLISM USING C-11 ACETATE PET IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Keiichiro Yoshinaga, Hiroshi Ohira, Ichizo Tsujino, Osamu Manabe, Chietsugu Katoh, Katsuhiko Kasai, Takahiro Satoh, Noriko Oyama, Masaharu Nishimura, Nagara Tamaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
An Address on Medicine and Medical Organisation in Japan
Authors: E. Hart
Journal: BMJ (1891)

IN JAP N. Deli.ered, bIl re(uest, to the Medical Faculty of Toki'.1BN-1EIRl,EST IHAlRT.(Fromn t AVhorthanl Report in the " Japan Mail," April 9th.)I'he Character an(1 Contrasts of .Japan.-TheIm7perial Japanese (ni/n)rif an(d its Professors.-Y'heMuseums and hospitals.-Praieie and Cr(iticiem.-SuggestedSubjects.forStudfy Japanese Physicians from their lSecial Flield oq
Study that supports mammography for women under 50 is criticised
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A new study supports breast cancer screening for women under 50 years old, as the researchers say that most deaths from breast cancer occur in younger women who do not receive regular mammograms. But some experts have queried omissions in the study.

Mammography screening remains controversial, with studies showing varying benefits. The NHS breast cancer screening programme routinely invites women over 50 every three years for screening. However, the scheme is in the process of being extended to women from the age of 47.

The latest study, published in the journal Cancer , uses a technique called “failure analysis,” which looks backwards from death to discover correlations at diagnosis instead of looking forwards from the start of a study.1 Only one other failure analysis related to cancer has been published to date.

The researchers looked at 7301 patients with invasive breast cancers diagnosed between 1990 and 1999, who were followed until 2007. Among this group …
Population and Personalized Medicine in the Modern Era
Authors: Jessica L. Mega, Marc S. Sabatine, Elliott M. Antman
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Observer Factors in the Measurement of Blood Pressure
Authors: Jane Wilcox
Journal: JAMA (1962)

NURSES TODAY assist in many clinical research projects, both by giving care to patients and by making measurements and other observations which are part of the data collected in the research. At the Clinical Center for Medical Research of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md., the Nursing Department makes a special effort to insure that the data collected by nurses are valid and reliable. This is a report of an investigation of a measurement frequently made by nurses when assisting in clinical research, namely, the measurement of blood pressure. In the clinical determination of blood pressure, errors of measurement arise from the limitations of the sphygmomanometer, from the inherent variability of human arterial blood pressure, and from interobserver differences. It was decided to study specifically the contribution of the nurseobserver. The aim was to answer the question, "How much alike do nurses measure blood pressure?" and to study
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Simon Thompson, Lois Kim, Alan Scott
Journal: BMJ (2005)

a banner headline on the front page of a popular tabloid newspaper read: "Cancer danger of folic acid" on the basis of a paper by Charles et al on taking folate in pregnancy and risk of maternal breast cancer. 1 2 Although coverage in the broadsheets was more balanced, the overall message would inevitably cause concern to women taking folate to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defect in a desired pregnancy.Despite the likelihood that the most likely explanation for the reported association is chance, as reported in the commentary to the paper, 2 numerous susceptible women will probably not take folate, and some of these may conceive fetuses with neural tube defects.In addition, what company or government will take responsibility for fortification of wheat and corn flour with folate, now that this question has been raised?The authors themselves point out that the numbers are small and the confidence intervals large.The risk was also associated with a much larger dose of folate than is routinely used to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.Those who write such papers and those who publish them cannot disclaim ethical responsibility for how the data are interpreted and must consider more carefully their ethical responsibilities in such situations.
Conception and congenital abnormalities after chemotherapy of acute myelogenous leukaemia in two men.
Authors: J A Russell, R L Powles, R T Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1976)

to a value more characteristic of an elderly patient.5Our patient's diet was also deficient in vitamin D. The combination of nutritional deficiency and barbiturate habituation may cause more morbidity in the elderly than is generally recognised.Although several indices of enzyme induction rely on a single estimation (serum GGT, urinary 24-hour glutaric acid, or 6r-OHcortisol excretion) they are non-specific and correlate poorly in individual subjects.Antipyrine half life is widely used as an index of drug oxidation but the need for serial blood samples is time consuming and unpleasant for the patient.The use of saliva samples overcomes both problems and provides accurate estimations of half life.3The simplicity of sample collection makes it analogous to glucose tolerance tests by finger prick, which can be performed by paramedical staff, and it could have wider clinical application than plasma half life estimations.
The Destabilization of Health Care
Authors: Eli Ginzberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

During the past 15 years, there have been many signs of the increasing destabilization of the health care system in the United States. Between the Flexner report in 1910 and the beginning of the 1970s, a period of six decades, the system had been characterized by a remarkable stability that reflected three factors: the dominance of the medical profession; local sponsorship of community hospitals; and the practice of cross-subsidization, which enabled physicians and hospitals to care for many of the poor by overcharging the affluent. The established system could adjust to new opportunities, and the underlying structure protected and fostered . . .
Correlation of initial autoantibody profile and clinical outcome in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Józefa Wesierska-Gadek, Edward Penner, Pier Maria Battezzati, Carlo Selmi, Massimo Zuin, Eva Hitchman, Howard J. Worman, Eric M. Gershwin, Mauro Podda, Pietro Invernizzi
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Although there have been significant advances in understanding the clinical and biochemical features of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), there is still a paucity of data on the usefulness of biomarkers as prognostic indicators. This is particularly important at the time of initial diagnosis. Indeed, the widespread use of antimitochondrial antibody testing has led to an earlier diagnosis of asymptomatic PBC and it is difficult to predict which patients will experience a benign versus a rapidly progressive course. To address this issue, we examined a unique population of 127 newly diagnosed patients with PBC during a 15-year period of observation that began in January 1990. Sera from these patients were analyzed for antimitochondrial, antinuclear, and anti-smooth muscle antibodies, and immunoblotting was performed for nuclear pore complex (NPC). The patients were then followed up longitudinally using biochemical liver function tests. No patient was under any medical therapy for PBC at the time of the initial sera collection. Data were analyzed based not only on the clinical features, but also the Mayo score and specific outcome measures, including time to death, need for liver transplantation, and complication free survival. Among patients with early disease, bilirubin increased to >2 mg/dL in the anti-NPC(+) patients (26% vs. 5%, P = .019). Anti-NPC antibodies remained stable or slightly increased over the period of observation. In condusion, anti-NPC identifies patients likely to experience an unfavorable clinical course and more rapid disease progression.
Pathophysiology and Diagnosis
Authors: F. Tremaine Billings
Journal: JAMA (1964)

IT SEEMS reasonable for me to be participating in the discussion of the town-gown syndrome and of the manifestations of morbidity which it presents. I am in a sense a split personality—I make my living looking after a private practice and I derive great pleasure from the position, Dean of Medical Students. The advantages of this double vision are obvious. I can assume an air of completely cool detachment collecting coldly calculated data, or with heated brow and obvious bias I can stand with either town or gown. It has thus been possible, as a hybrid, to observe and study the basic cellular structure of the pathophysiology of this disorder with the double standard, which the syndrome so richly deserves, of a scientist and a fishwife. It might first be in order to give the town-gown syndrome a proper eponym. Every syndrome worthy of consideration needs an eponym. The town-gown
Viral infections in humans.
Authors: W W Busse
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Viral respiratory infections can increase asthma symptoms in many patients. Although the mechanisms of these effects are not fully established, there is evidence that respiratory viruses can promote some components of allergic inflammation. In this regard, there is evidence that rhinovirus respiratory infections can lead to the development of late allergic reactions to inhaled allergen. This change in response to inhaled allergen supports the possibility that some respiratory infection will promote bronchial inflammation and may be a factor for increased wheezing with respiratory infection.
Methemalbumin and Pancreatitis: A Warning
Authors: P. D. SCHOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 February 1975Methemalbumin and Pancreatitis: A WarningP. D. SCHOW, M.D., E. ENGLERT JR., M.D.P. D. SCHOW, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, E. ENGLERT JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-2-281 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Most acute pancreatitis is of the edematous type and has a low mortality of about 5%. In contrast, the hemorrhagic type is uncommon, accounting for about 15% of acute pancreatitis, but with a high mortality of between 50% and 90%. Such statistics often lull the physician into the expectancy of benignity and confound results of therapeutic clinical trials. They should instead make it a high priority to distinguish the two types in a given patient. Neither clinical severity nor any laboratory test can do this infallibly. Shock, hypocalcemia, prolonged hyperenzymemia, skin changes, and thromboembolic phenomena may occur...References1. NORTHAMROWEWINSTONE BDN: Methaemalbumin in the differential diagnosis of acute haemorrhagic and oedematous pancreatitis. Lancet 1:348-352, 1963 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WINSTONE N: Methemalbumin in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 52:804-808, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KELLYKLEINPORQUEZ TRJ: Methemalbumin in acute pancreatitis: an experimental and clinical appraisal. Ann Surg 175:15-18, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BATTERSBYGREEN CM: The surgical significance of methaemalbuminaemia. Gut 12:995-1000, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. ANDERSONTORONTONEEDLEMAN MIS: Assessment of methemalbumin as a diagnostic test in acute pancreatitis. Arch Surg 98:776-780, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. GOODHEAD B: Significance of methemalbuminemia in acute abdominal emergencies. Arch Surg 101:376-378, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. FAIRLEY N: Methaemalbumin. Q J Med 10:95-138, 1941 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: P. D. SCHOW, M.D.; E. ENGLERTJR., M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine University of Utah College of Medicine Veterans Administration Hospital Salt Lake City, Utah 84132 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDetermination of serum methemalbumin by second-derivative spectroscopy 1 February 1975Volume 82, Issue 2Page: 281-282KeywordsAcute pancreatitisClinical trialsHypocalcemiaLaboratory testsMortalityPancreatitisShock ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Calpain Activation by the Shigella flexneri Effector VirA Regulates Key Steps in the Formation and Life of the Bacterium's Epithelial Niche
Authors: Jean Bergounioux, Ruben Elisee, Anne-Laure Prunier, Françoise Donnadieu, Brice Sperandio, Philippe Sansonetti, Laurence Arbibe
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)

The enteropathogen Shigella flexneri invades epithelial cells, leading to inflammation and tissue destruction. We report that Shigella infection of epithelial cells induces an early genotoxic stress, but the resulting p53 response and cell death are impaired due to the bacterium's ability to promote p53 degradation, mainly through calpain protease activation. Calpain activation is promoted by the Shigella virulence effector VirA and dependent on calcium flux and the depletion of the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin. Further, although VirA-induced calpain activity is critical for regulating cytoskeletal events driving bacterial uptake, calpain activation ultimately leads to necrotic cell death, thereby restricting Shigella intracellular growth. Therefore, calpains work at multiple steps in regulating Shigella pathogenesis by disrupting the p53-dependent DNA repair response early during infection and regulating both formation and ultimate death of the Shigella epithelial replicative niche.
A CLINICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING MODERATE DEGREES OF VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY
Authors: P. C. JEANS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The accepted and easily recognized clinical evidences of vitamin A deprivation are associated only with marked degrees of vitamin A deficiency. Night blindness is one of these several clinical phenomena, but it is one that is not recognized by an ordinary routine examination and one that usually is considered only when the complaint is made by the patient. A routine test for night blindness probably would reveal many more cases than are now suspected. It might be expected also that a suitable method of examination would detect night blindness, which is present in such a mild degree that the afflicted individual is entirely unaware of its existence. Since the etiology of night blindness in these cases is presumably the same, regardless of its degree, it should be possible to detect even moderate deficiency of vitamin A by means of appropriate tests. Our purpose in this presentation is to show that
Natural killer lines and clones with apparent antigen specificity.
Authors: N Suzuki, E Bianchi, H Bass, T Suzuki, J Bender, R Pardi, C A Brenner, J W Larrick, E G Engleman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Fresh CD3-, CD16+ lymphocytes that adhered to selected allogeneic lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) were cultured with LCL in the presence of IL-2-containing medium. The resulting lines as well as clones derived from these lines expressed CD16 and/or CD56, but lacked detectable CD3 or TCR-alpha/beta or TCR-gamma/delta complexes on the cell surface. Northern blot analysis failed to detect CD3 epsilon or TCR-beta transcripts, but revealed the presence of a TCR-gamma chain transcript in one of these lines. In addition to displaying potent cytolytic activity against K562 erythroleukemia cells (a classical NK target), the vast majority of these lines and clones lysed their specific stimulator LCL to a significantly greater extent than irrelevant LCL. This selective killing was inhibited by the addition of cold stimulator LCL or K562 cells, or anti-LFA 1 mAbs, but not by irrelevant LCL or mAbs to CD3, class I or class II MHC antigens. These results indicate that some CD3- lymphocytes, phenotypically indistinguishable from NK cells, can recognize and lyse allogeneic targets in a specific manner.
Paternal mutation of the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1) gene and maternal loss of 11p15 imprinted genes lead to persistent hyperinsulinism in focal adenomatous hyperplasia.
Authors: V Verkarre, J C Fournet, P de Lonlay, M S Gross-Morand, M Devillers, J Rahier, F Brunelle, J J Robert, C Nihoul-Fékété, J M Saudubray, C Junien
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Congenital hyperinsulinism, or persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), is a glucose metabolism disorder characterized by unregulated secretion of insulin and profound hypoglycemia. From a morphological standpoint, there are two types of histopathological lesions, a focal adenomatous hyperplasia of islet cells of the pancreas in approximately 30% of operated sporadic cases, and a diffuse form. In sporadic focal forms, specific losses of maternal alleles (LOH) of the imprinted chromosomal region 11p15, restricted to the hyperplastic area of the pancreas, were observed. Similar mechanisms are observed in embryonal tumors and in the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), also associated with neonatal but transient hyperinsulinism. However, this region also contains the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1) gene and the inward rectifying potassium channel subunit (KIR6.2) gene, involved in recessive familial forms of PHHI, but not known to be imprinted. Although the parental bias in loss of maternal alleles did not argue in favor of their direct involvement, the LOH may also unmask a recessive mutation leading to persistent hyperinsulinism. We now report somatic reduction to hemizygosity or homozygosity of a paternal SUR1 constitutional heterozygous mutation in four patients with a focal form of PHHI. Thus, this somatic event which leads both to beta cell proliferation and to hyperinsulinism can be considered as the somatic equivalent, restricted to a microscopic focal lesion, of constitutional uniparental disomy associated with unmasking of a heterozygous parental mutation leading to a somatic recessive disorder.