tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cigarette smoking and duodenal ulcer.
Authors: D H Hull, P J Beale
Journal: Gut (1985)

Tobacco smoking delays healing of gastric ulcer and may influence duodenal ulceration. Seventy men, all cigarette smokers, were found to have duodenal ulceration at endoscopy. All were advised to stop smoking and received a three-month course of cimetidine. Endoscopy was repeated at three months (n = 63) and at six months (n = 56). At three months most (79%) patients showed ulcer healing and there was no difference between men who had and had not stopped smoking. At six months, however, a higher proportion (61% vs 28%, p less than 0.05) of smokers (n = 38) than ex-smokers (n = 18) had duodenal ulceration. This difference reflected a combination of increased ulcer persistence and ulcer relapse. Neither cimetidine nor cigarette smoking nor ulcer healing appeared substantially to affect duodenitis and fixed deformity. We conclude that continued cigarette smoking does not prevent the powerful duodenal ulcer healing effect of cimetidine but does predispose to an increased expectation of duodenal ulceration soon after cimetidine has been stopped.
Evaluation of pulmonary reexpansion after thoracocentesis using electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Sergio Alves, Francisco Vargas, Marcelo Amato, Lisete Teixeira, Carlos Carvalho, Roberta Sales, Juliana Puka, Pedro Caruso
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  The time to maximum lung reexpansion after a thoracocentesis (Thc) is unknown. This limitation is due to the lack of a method to accurately and continuously gauge the lung reexpansion. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a method able to continuously measure relative alterations in lung ventilation and may be an attractive method to evaluate lung function affected by a pleural effusion and the effect of Thc.   Objectives:  Quantify the time to maximum lung expansion.   Methods:  EIT electrodes were placed around the thorax two centimeters above the effusion lower level. The EIT images were recorded before, immediately and at 15 min intervals after Thc until three consecutive measurements without alteration in the ventilation of affected lung (defined as a ventilation variation    Results:  We evaluated seven patients with pleural effusion. The mean withdrew effusion volume was 1440 mL. Five patients reexpanded the lung. Before Thc, their mean lung ventilation proportion of the affected lung over the unaffected was 0.19 and rose to 0.71. Two patients achieved maximum reexpansion immediately after Thc, one after 15, one after 30 and one after 60 min. Two patients did not reexpand their lungs.   Conclusions:  Patients that reexpand their lungs after thoracocentesis achieve maximum lung reexpansion immediately or in less than 60 minutes.
Relation between GB virus C/hepatitis G virus and fulminant hepatic failure may be secondary to treatment with contaminated blood and/or blood products
Authors: R Halasz, L Barkholt, C Lara, C Hultgren, Y Ando, U Broomé, B Fischler, A Nemeth, B-G Ericzon, A Sönnerborg, M Sällberg
Journal: Gut (1999)

Background The role of the recently discovered GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) has been debated. Although GBV-C RNA has been detected in many cases of FHF, recent data suggest that the relation between GBV-C and FHF may be accidental. Aims To retrospectively investigate the possible relation between the presence of GBV-C markers (RNA or antibodies to the GBV-C envelope 2 (E2) glycoprotein) and FHF. Methods The presence of GBV-C RNA was determined in serum samples from 58 patients diagnosed with FHF using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Amplified genetic fragments were directly sequenced by the dideoxy chain termination method. Antibodies to GBV-C in serum samples were detected by enzyme immunoassay based on a recombinant GBV-C E2 protein. Results Nine (16%) patients with FHF had GBV-C RNA and 14 (24%) had GBV-C E2 antibodies, which are higher frequencies than in healthy subjects (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05 respectively). Seven of ten patients with GBV-C markers during FHF tested negative for these markers before therapy with blood and/or blood products. Sequence analysis of the GBV-C NS3 region fragments of six FHF patients showed no common sequence pattern or motif. Conclusions The frequencies of both GBV-C RNA and antibodies are higher in patients with FHF than in healthy subjects. However, these increased frequencies may in many cases be explained by the use of contaminated blood and/or blood products given as therapy.
Formation of methotrexate polyglutamates in purified myeloid precursor cells from normal human bone marrow.
Authors: S Koizumi, G A Curt, R L Fine, J D Griffin, B A Chabner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Immature myeloid precursor cells were preferentially selected from normal human bone marrow by using immune rosette techniques that employed monoclonal antibodies against mature granulocytes, monocytes, T and B lymphocytes, and erythroid precursors (Mo5, M3, OKT3, B1, and EP1, respectively). We examined the formation, retention, and cytotoxic effects of methotrexate (MTX) polyglutamates (MTX-PGs) in these purified myeloid precursor cells. After 1- and 24-h exposures to MTX, with thymidine and deoxyinosine as rescue, the intracellular MTX-PG profile was examined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Efflux patterns of MTX-PGs were also studied after additional 1- and 24-h incubations in drug-free media. Cytotoxic effects of retained MTX-PGs on bone marrow myeloid precursors were examined by colony formation in drug-free semisolid agar. Normal myeloid precursor cells converted MTX to MTX-PGs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, preferentially retaining MTX-PGs with three to five glutamyl moieties. At low concentrations of MTX (1 microM), MTX-PG formation was insufficient to maintain saturation of the target enzyme dihydrofolate reductase after removal of drug from the incubation medium, and there was no decrease in myeloid colony formation. At higher concentrations of MTX (10 microM), formation of higher molecular weight polyglutamates was sufficient to allow for 24-h saturation of intracellular binding capacity after removal of extracellular drug and resulted in a 35% reduction in the formation of colony-forming units in culture. Comparison of MTX metabolism in normal bone marrow cells and the MTX-sensitive HL-60 human leukemia cell line showed twofold greater PG formation by these tumor cells after 24-h exposure to 1 or 10 microM MTX, and a marked (greater than 30-fold) increase in cytotoxicity for the HL-60 cells as compared with normal myeloid precursors, suggesting that the MTX polyglutamation may be important to its selective antitumor action.
Endocytosis, intracellular sorting, and processing of exosomes by dendritic cells
Authors: Adrian E. Morelli, Adriana T. Larregina, William J. Shufesky, Mara L. G. Sullivan, Donna Beer Stolz, Glenn D. Papworth, Alan F. Zahorchak, Alison J. Logar, Zhiliang Wang, Simon C. Watkins, Louis D. Falo, Angus W. Thomson
Journal: Blood (2004)
Value of ultrasound and liver function tests in determining the need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in unexplained abdominal pain.
Authors: J R Thornton, A J Lobo, D J Lintott, A T Axon
Journal: Gut (1992)

The value of serum liver function tests and abdominal ultrasound as screening tests of the need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was determined in patients with unexplained abdominal pain without associated jaundice. In 1989 and 1990 1005 ERCPs were undertaken, of which 138 (14%) were for this indication. The duct or ducts of interest were delineated by ERCP in 95% of patients. The lesions found were bile duct stones in 10 patients, chronic pancreatitis in five, pancreatic carcinoma in one, peptic ulcer or duodenitis in four. A satisfactory ultrasound examination had been performed in 94% of patients. For chronic pancreatitis, its sensitivity was 60% and specificity 95%. For choledocholithiasis, the ultrasonic detection of duct dilatation or stones had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 86%. Of the liver function tests, the alkaline phosphatase was more sensitive (67%) than the transaminases (44%) in indicating the presence of bile duct stones and had a high specificity (95%). None of the 10 patients with duct stones had normal ultrasound and normal alkaline phosphatase. Thus it was found that demonstration of a normal common bile duct by abdominal ultrasound and normal serum alkaline phosphatase together have 100% specificity in excluding bile duct stones. Using such knowledge over the two year period of this study would have spared 36 patients the need for ERCP.
Abnormal Cardiac Function After Exercise in Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Children and Adolescents
Authors: Victor C Baum, Lynne L Levitsky, Robert M Englander
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

We evaluated the cardiac response to dynamic exercise in a group of otherwise healthy insulin-dependent older children and adolescents and in a nondiabetic control group by postexercise echocardiography. Both groups had similar left ventricular function at rest. After exercise we found abnormalities in the indicators of systolic function, fractional shortening (0.37 vs. 0.43) and rate-corrected velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (2.80 vs.3.35 circumferences/s). In addition, we found an association of flattened interventricular septal motion with finger contractures in the diabetic subjects. Echocardiographic abnormalities in asymptomatic young diabetic adolescents can be elucidated by postexercise echocardiography. Postexercise echocardiography is a noninvasive procedure that can easily be done in the adolescent population and is useful for evaluating subclinical cardiomyopathy.
Tumor-secific immunity to chemically induced tumors. Evidence for immunologic specificity and shared antigenicity in lymphocyte responses to soluble tumor antigens.
Authors: J T Frbes, Y Nakaw, R T Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Experiments were designed to explore the apparent paradox that methylcholanthrene-induced tumors of mice evoke tumor-unique transplantation immunity but reveal almost complete cross-reacting antigenicity in tests of lymphocyte behavior in vitro. The approach involved use of tumor membranes solubilized in 3 M KCl, employed both as the stimulating antigen source in a new in vitro proliferation assay of lymphocyte recognition, and as immunogens in vivo. The kinetics of the assay resembled those of in vitro tests of mitogen or specific antigen stimulation in other systems. Lymphoid cell proliferation was assessed in peripheral blood leukocytes, lymph nodes (LN), and spleen over the course of tumor bearing, and in animals immunized by tumor amputation or with the solubilized antigens. The pattern of spread of reactivity was from regional LN to spleen, peripheral blood, and nonregional nodes in each circumstance. An unexplained low antigen dose inhibitory phenomenon was encountered in spontaneously proliferating cell subpopulations taken from some tumor-bearing animals. In vitro responses to some but not all solubilized antigens made from multiple syngeneic tumors were detected in each circumstance. The soluble antigens also induced shared resistance to some tumors. The patterns of spread of responsiveness to syngeneic tumor antigens, the time-course, and relative intensity were most compatible with independent clonal responses to multiple tumor-borne antigens, some but not all of which are shared in any family of syngeneic tumors.
Retinoic acid expression associates with enhanced IL-22 production by γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells and attenuation of intestinal inflammation
Authors: Lisa A. Mielke, Sarah A. Jones, Mathilde Raverdeau, Rowan Higgs, Anna Stefanska, Joanna R. Groom, Alicja Misiak, Lara S. Dungan, Caroline E. Sutton, Gundula Streubel, Adrian P. Bracken, Kingston H.G. Mills
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2013)

Retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite, modulates mucosal T helper cell responses. Here we examined the role of RA in regulating IL-22 production by γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells in intestinal inflammation. RA significantly enhanced IL-22 production by γδ T cells stimulated in vitro with IL-1β or IL-18 and IL-23. In vivo RA attenuated colon inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate treatment or Citrobacter rodentium infection. This was associated with a significant increase in IL-22 secretion by γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells. In addition, RA treatment enhanced production of the IL-22-responsive antimicrobial peptides Reg3β and Reg3γ in the colon. The attenuating effects of RA on colitis were reversed by treatment with an anti-IL-22 neutralizing antibody, demonstrating that RA mediates protection by enhancing IL-22 production. To define the molecular events involved, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and found that RA promoted binding of RA receptor to the IL-22 promoter in γδ T cells. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular events controlling IL-22 transcription and suggest that one key outcome of RA signaling may be to shape early intestinal immune responses by promoting IL-22 synthesis by γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells.
Female Breast Cancer Incidence Among Asian and Western Populations: More Similar Than Expected
Authors: Hyuna Sung, Philip S. Rosenberg, Wan-Qing Chen, Mikael Hartman, Wei-yen Lim, Kee Seng Chia, Oscar Wai-Kong Mang, Chun-Ju Chiang, Daehee Kang, Roger Kai-Cheong Ngan, Lap Ah Tse, William F. Anderson, Xiaohong R. Yang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Background:Previous reports suggested that female breast cancer is associated with earlier ages at onset among Asian than Western populations. However, most studies utilized cross-sectional analyses that may be confounded by calendar-period and/or birth cohort effects. We, therefore, considered a longitudinal (forward-looking) approach adjusted for calendar-period changes and conditioned upon birth cohort.
Comparison of static and dynamic intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure using the Campbell diagram.
Authors: S Yan, B Kayser, M Tobiasz, P Sliwinski
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) due to dynamic hyperinflation has been measured as a plateau airway opening pressure during airway occlusion (PEEPi,stat). PEEPi has also been dynamically determined as a fall in esophageal pressure (Pes) before the inspiratory flow starts (PEEPi,dyn). The aims of the current study were to systematically compare PEEPi,stat and PEEPi,dyn and to explain the underlying mechanisms of their difference. The study was performed in healthy subjects with dynamic hyperinflation induced by expiration through a Starling resistor. The Campbell diagram was constructed for each subject by determining the static pressure-volume curves of the lung (Pst,[l]) and chest wall (Pst,[w]). For a given end-expiratory volume, PEEPi,stat was measured on the Campbell diagram as the pressure difference between Pst(w) and -Pst(l). PEEPi,dyn was measured as mentioned above. The effects of respiratory muscle recruitment on PEEPi,dyn were estimated by the Pes values when Pes started to fall relative to Pst(w). We found that: (1) there was a great variability of the PEEPi,dyn/PEEPi,stat ratio among and within subjects; (2) expiratory muscle recruitment was evident on most occasions; (3) persistent inspiratory muscle activity during expiration was present in some subjects; (4) the Pes values at the start of inspiratory flow were frequently on the left of -Pst(l), which contributed to the difference between PEEPi,stat and PEEPi,dyn and implied a greater dynamic than static elastance presumably due to viscoelastic properties; (5) chest wall distortions characterized by inflation of the abdomen with deflation of the rib cage during the initial inspiratory efforts were observed in three subjects. In conclusion, interpretation of PEEPi,dyn needs to be cautious because both expiratory and tonic inspiratory muscle activities that lead to significant over- or underestimation of PEEPi by PEEPi,dyn, respectively, are associated with acute dynamic hyperinflation. In addition, the effects of viscoelastic properties and chest wall distortions on PEEPi,dyn need to be further investigated.
Supervised versus unsupervised intake of six-dose artemether-lumefantrine for treatment of acute, uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Mbarara, Uganda: a randomised trial
Authors: Patrice Piola, Carole Fogg, Francis Bajunirwe, Samuel Biraro, Francesco Grandesso, Eugene Ruzagira, Joseph Babigumira, Isaac Kigozi, James Kiguli, Juliet Kyomuhendo, Laurent Ferradini, Walter Taylor, Francesco Checchi, Jean-Paul Guthmann
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
George E. Brown memorial lecture. Oxygen radicals in cerebral vascular injury.
Authors: H A Kontos
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Acute, severe increases in arterial blood pressure cause sustained cerebral arteriolar dilation, abnormal reactivity to carbon dioxide and to changes in blood pressure, abolition of endothelium-dependent dilation from acetylcholine, discrete morphological lesions of the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle, and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier to plasma proteins. The dilation, abnormal reactivity, and morphological abnormalities are inhibited by pretreatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors or with free radical scavengers. Superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium applied to the brain surface was detectable both during hypertension and one hour after hypertension subsided. Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction is also reduced by inhibitors of the anion channel. The abnormalities seen after hypertension are reproduced by topical application of arachidonate. The results are consistent with the view that acute hypertension induces generation of superoxide anion radical in association with accelerated arachidonate metabolism via cyclooxygenase. This radical enters cerebral extracellular space via the anion channel and gives rise to hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. All three radicals are capable of causing vasodilation by relaxation of cerebral vascular smooth muscle. The hydroxyl radical is the most likely candidate for vascular wall damage. The significance of this mechanism in chronic experimental hypertension or its relevance to human disease is not known.
ROLES OF T AND B LYMPHOCYTES IN THE TERMINATION OF UNRESPONSIVENESS TO AUTOLOGOUS THYROGLOBULIN IN MICE
Authors: James A. Clagett, William O. Weigle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

The data presented in this paper support the hypothesis that unresponsiveness to autologous thyroglobulin (Tg) exists in the T cells and responsiveness exists in the B cells. Such a conclusion is based on the results of antigen-binding studies where few, if any, thymocytes recognized syngeneic Tg. Comparable numbers of antigen-binding lymphocytes for syngeneic Tg were found in the spleens of normal intact mice and of nude mice. The latter fact suggested that B cells exist which recognize self-constituents. From antigen-suicide experiments, a clearer picture of the susceptibility of B cells to iodinated self-antigen and of the obligatory role of antibody in the induction of lesions was developed. Only bone marrow cells (B cells) were affected by [125I]syngeneic Tg, in which case the incidence of lesions was diminished. From adoptive transfer experiments, the results demonstrate that unresponsiveness may be terminated by immunization with a mixture of heterologous (cross-reacting) Tg's. In this situation T cells are required since a B-cell reconstituted host failed to make antibody (plaque-forming cells) and to develop lesions. T cells in this form of an unresponsive state may recognize determinants on the heterologous Tg unrelated to autologous Tg and as such stimulate the normal complement of B cells to produce antibody that both reacts with autologous and heterologous Tg.
Prognostic value of ventricular arrhythmias associated with treadmill exercise testing in patients studied with cardiac catheterization for suspected ischemic heart disease
Authors: Robert M. Califf, Ray A. McKinnis, J. Frederick McNeer, Frank E. Harrell, Kerry L. Lee, David B. Pryor, Robert A. Waugh, Phillip J. Harris, Robert A. Rosati, Galen S. Wagner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1983)
The role of chemotherapy re-challenge in non small cell lung cancer. A retrospective study in a tertiary general hospital and thoracic center
Authors: Alexios S. Strimpakos, Effrossini Patsourou, Dimitra Pouli, Christina Fevranoglou, Ioannis Giozos, Andriani Charpidou, Kostas N. Syrigos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Chemotherapy re-challenge (CTR) is an established clinical approach in some malignancies such as ovarian cancer and small cell lung cancer.   Aims and methods:  We screened medical records of 2160 patients (pts) diagnosed with NSCLC and treated with chemotherapy (CT) at our institution, between January 2003 and February 2011.   Results:  10/2160 pts (0.46%) were offered a CTR regimen. The histological subtypes were adenocarcinoma (A) (5 pts), squamous cell carcinoma (3 pts) and not specified (NS) (2 pts). All patients were of good Performance Status (0-1), and the majority without any comorbidities (7/10). All pts were treated with a platinum agent combined with either pemetrexed (6 pts), taxane (3 pts) or gemcitabine (1 pt). 3/10 pts had initially received adjuvant CT and CTR on their first relapse, whereas 7 pts were initially treated for advanced/metastatic disease. In the later 7 pts, partial response (PR) as best response was observed in 6 (85.7%). Median time to progression (TTP) after the initial CT was 9.8 months (range 3.6-37.5). Best responses following CTR were PR in 2 (20%), stable disease (SD) in 2 (20%) and disease progression (PD) in 4 (40%), with 2 pts still on treatment. Median TTP after CRT was 3 months (2.5-12). The 2 pts with PR after CTR (1 A, 1 NS) were both treated with platinum-pemetrexed combination and had both demonstrated PR after the initial CT and TTP of 9 and 17 mo respectively.   Conclusions:  CTR is rarely opted in NSCLC likely due to rapid disease progression. The role of CTR is limited and rather unsuccessful. Nevertheless, selected patients might benefit from this approach.