tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DHHS Halts Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

SOMETIMES A COMPLICATED PROBLEM has a simple solution. At least that iswhatPeterPronovost,MD,PhD, medical director of the Center for Innovation in Quality Patient Care at Johns HopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,hasdemonstrated through his studies on the use ofchecklists toreduceerrorsathospitals. For example, his published results suggest that implementing a simple checklistsystemnationwidecouldsubstantially reducetheincidenceofhospital-acquired bloodstreaminfections,whichcostanestimated $3.6 billion each year. Now, however, Pronovost’s ongoing efforts to study the longer-term outcomes of using checklists to reduce infections have been drawn into a debate. At issue is the question of whether such quality improvement research should be required to meet the same standards for protecting human participants as research on the effectiveness of new drugs, devices, or procedures.
Nosocomial Transmission of Delta Hepatitis
Authors: LUDWIG A. LETTAU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

A previously asymptomatic carrier of hepatitis B virus receiving chronic hemodialysis developed acute delta hepatitis. The patient regularly received dialysis treatments on the same machine as a parenteral drug abuser with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic hepatitis whose serum was strongly positive for delta antibody. The drug abuser had a major bleeding episode that caused extensive environmental contamination 3 months before onset of illness in the index patient. No other patients receiving dialysis or staff members had evidence of delta infection. A surgeon previously infected with hepatitis B from the same parenteral drug abuser also had delta antibody. Testing for delta virus is indicated for both HBsAg-positive parenteral drug abusers and patients with hemophilia receiving chronic hemodialysis. All patients who are HBsAg- and delta-positive should receive dialysis separately from patients who are HBsAg-positive and delta-negative. Susceptible patients on dialysis and staff should receive hepatitis B vaccine to protect against both hepatitis B and delta virus infection.
The Extent of Lymphadenectomy Seems to Be Associated with Better Survival in Patients with Nonmetastatic Upper-Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: How Many Lymph Nodes Should Be Removed?
Authors: Marco Roscigno, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Vitaly Margulis, Pierre Karakiewicz, Mesut Remzi, Eiji Kikuchi, Richard Zigeuner, Alon Weizer, Arthur Sagalowsky, Karim Bensalah, Jay D. Raman, Christian Bolenz, Wassim Kassou, Theresa M. Koppie, Christopher G. Wood, Jeffrey Wheat, Cord Langner, Casey K. Ng, Umberto Capitanio, Roberto Bertini, Mario I. Fernández, Shuji Mikami, Masaru Isida, Philipp Ströbel, Francesco Montorsi
Journal: European Urology (2009)
How is gastroenteritis treated?
Authors: P S Morrison, T M Little
Journal: BMJ (1981)

corner of the heater with her face applied closely to the grill.She was im- mediately immersed under the cold-water tap of a bath, and medical help was sought.On admission she had blistering burns mainly affecting the midface and the centre of her forehead, extending asymmetrically over the temporal region into the hairline.Her hair was not singed.There was considerable associated oedema, and the appearance 12 hours after injury is shown in the figure .Treatment was by exposure, and after six days she had a clearly demarcated extensive superficial injury.A case conference accepted unanimously that this injury was accidental.The skin is currently beginning to repigment, but her ultimate facial appearance will depend on the uniformity of this repigmentation.
Taking the Suspected Mentally Ill off the Streets to Public General Hospitals
Authors: Luis R. Marcos, Neal L. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Unlike specialists in other areas of medicine, psychiatrists are often faced with having to treat patients against their will. Lack of awareness of their illness and lack of motivation to seek treatment, impaired judgment and reality testing, and potential dangerousness to themselves or to others are commonly found among the seriously mentally ill. To protect patients and society, laws have been enacted that require the involuntary psychiatric evaluation and treatment of patients who are not capable of recognizing their need for psychiatric care.During the 1950s and early 1960s the criteria for civil commitment were vaguely defined, and there was . . .
Back Pain in an Adolescent-Reply
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Disk protrusion does occur in 15-year-old boys, but rarely so. Low-back myofascial strain is by far the more common injury in a young man with strong muscles guarding a healthy spine. Straight leg-raising can rotate the pelvis and through ligamentous or muscle pull irritate the lumbosacral region, producing pain in this condition.<sup>1</sup>Radiation or referral of pain can occur without nerve root irritation, and, indeed, the experimental injection of hypertonic saline solution into the lumbosacral supraspinous ligament has generated sciatic-like pain reaching as far distal as the calf.<sup>2</sup>Restricted kick is nonspecific; although it might suggest quadriceps weakness, it could as well indicate guarding to avoid discomfort. In the face of usual and symmetrical deep-tendon reflexes, normal sensation, unilateral positive straight leg-raising (unconfirmed by forced ankle dorsiflexion) only at 70° and roentgenographic findings negative for disk space or foraminal narrowing or pathological condition, I believe the
Collaborative Ocular Oncology Group Report Number 1: Prospective Validation of a Multi-Gene Prognostic Assay in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Michael D. Onken, Lori A. Worley, Devron H. Char, James J. Augsburger, Zelia M. Correa, Eric Nudleman, Thomas M. Aaberg, Michael M. Altaweel, David S. Bardenstein, Paul T. Finger, Brenda L. Gallie, George J. Harocopos, Peter G. Hovland, Hugh D. McGowan, Tatyana Milman, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, E. Rand Simpson, Morton E. Smith, David J. Wilson, William J. Wirostko, J. William Harbour
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
miRNAs 182 and 183 Are Necessary to Maintain Adult Cone Photoreceptor Outer Segments and Visual Function
Authors: Volker Busskamp, Jacek Krol, Dasha Nelidova, Janine Daum, Tamas Szikra, Ben Tsuda, Josephine Jüttner, Karl Farrow, Brigitte Gross Scherf, Claudia Patricia Patino Alvarez, Christel Genoud, Vithiyanjali Sothilingam, Naoyuki Tanimoto, Michael Stadler, Mathias Seeliger, Markus Stoffel, Witold Filipowicz, Botond Roska
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Doctors and Their Patients: A Social History
Authors: Joe Sample
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This book was originally published in 1985 under the title<i>Bedside Manners</i>and is now presented in a new edition. The author justifies this new volume in his introduction thus: Since this book was written in 1985, all the problems it describes have become worse. With every passing year the gap between doctor and patient widens, as doctors retreat increasingly into a shell of resentment and patients become ever more exasperated with the impersonality of care. What problems exist? Basically, says the author, "For a whole complex of reasons, doctors and patients eye each other with mistrust." Shorter's premise is that the doctor-patient relationship is the beginning and the solution to the problem. As a professor of history, his training and inclination require "going back and examining the roots" as a means of understanding the problem. Shorter has two other qualifications that enhance his credibility for reviewing the doctor-patient relationship.
The β-Globin Locus Control Region in Combination With the EF1α Short Promoter Allows Enhanced Lentiviral Vector-mediated Erythroid Gene Expression With Conserved Multilineage Activity
Authors: Claudia A Montiel-Equihua, Lin Zhang, Sean Knight, Heba Saadeh, Simone Scholz, Marlene Carmo, Maria E Alonso-Ferrero, Michael P Blundell, Aiste Monkeviciute, Reiner Schulz, Mary Collins, Yasuhiro Takeuchi, Manfred Schmidt, Lynette Fairbanks, Michael Antoniou, Adrian J Thrasher, H Bobby Gaspar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Some gene therapy strategies are compromised by the levels of gene expression required for therapeutic benefit, and also by the breadth of cell types that require correction. We designed a lentiviral vector system in which a transgene is under the transcriptional control of the short form of constitutively acting elongation factor 1α promoter (EFS) combined with essential elements of the locus control region of the β-globin gene (β-LCR). We show that the β-LCR can upregulate EFS activity specifically in erythroid cells but does not alter EFS activity in myeloid or lymphoid cells. Experiments using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter or the human adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene demonstrate 3-7 times upregulation in vitro but >20 times erythroid-specific upregulation in vivo, the effects of which were sustained for 1 year. The addition of the β-LCR did not alter the mutagenic potential of the vector in in vitro mutagenesis (IM) assays although microarray analysis showed that the β-LCR upregulates ~9% of neighboring genes. This vector design therefore combines the benefits of multilineage gene expression with high-level erythroid expression, and has considerable potential for correction of multisystem diseases including certain lysosomal storage diseases through a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy approach.
A CASE OF SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMIA TWO WEEKS AFTER ENUCLEATION OF THE INJURED EYE.Read in the Section of Ophthalmology, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: GEO. H. GOODE
Journal: JAMA (1890)

The patient whose history I report was a boy 11 years of age. He was injured in a quarrel with another boy on the third day of last October, and was brought to my office immediately after the injury. He had been struck by a rock the size of a man's fist, and from the absence of any marks on the face must have received the full force of the blow in the eye. Examination showed a complete vertical rupture of the cornea and a slight extension of the wound into the sclerotic below. Exactly to what extent the contents of the globe had suffered it was impossible at the time to determine. The serious nature of the injury was explained to the friends, and the mere possibility of retaining the eyeball, though shrunken, was placed before them ; while the probable necessity of its removal at any future time
The safety of fine-needle aspiration guided by endoscopic ultrasound: a prospective study
Authors: M. Al-Haddad, M. Wallace, T. Woodward, S. Gross, C. Hodgens, R. Toton, M. Raimondo
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de M. Al-Haddad et al., pp. 204Endoscopy 2008; 40(03): 356-356DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306816
(7) Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (dizygotic twins)
Authors: R.P. Warin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article (7) Sjogren‐Larsson syndrome (dizygotic twins) Get access R.P. Warin R.P. Warin Bristol Royal Infirmary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue s15, 1 December 1977, Pages 33–34, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14315.x Published: 01 December 1977
Hyaluronic acid / chitosan multilayer coatings on neuronal implants for localized delivery of siRNA nanoplexes
Authors: Hanna Hartmann, Susanne Hossfeld, Burkhard Schlosshauer, Ursula Mittnacht, Ana Paula Pêgo, Martin Dauner, Michael Doser, Dieter Stoll, Rumen Krastev
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
A pathogenic autoimmune process targeted at a surrogate epitope.
Authors: A T Kozhich, Y Kawano, C E Egwuagu, R R Caspi, R K Maturi, J A Berzofsky, I Gery
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Immunization with the retinal interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) induces in a variety of animals an inflammatory eye disease, experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). We have previously shown that sequence 1181-1191 of bovine IRBP (BOV 1181-1191) is immunodominant and highly uveitogenic and immunogenic in Lewis rats. Sequence 1181-1191 of the rat IRBP (RAT 1181-1191) differs from BOV 1181-1191 by two residues, at positions 1188 and 1190, that are pivotal for the immunological activity of the bovine epitope. Here we show that, unlike its bovine homologue, RAT 1181-1191 did not induce EAU or an immune response in Lewis rats. The immunological inactivity of RAT 1181-1191 in Lewis rats is due at least in part to its poor affinity toward the antigen-presenting cells of these rats, as shown by its failure to compete with binding of BOV 1181-1191 to Lewis adherent spleen cells. Moreover, unlike all other known autologous homologues of immunopathogenic epitopes, RAT 1181-1191 was not recognized by lymphocytes sensitized against BOV 1181-1191 and failed to stimulate proliferation, uveitogenic capacity or signal transduction in these cells. These findings thus suggest that RAT 1181-1191 is not a likely target for lymphocytes sensitized against BOV 1181-1191 in the process in which these cells recognize IRBP in the rat eye and trigger the inflammatory reaction of EAU. Our data further suggest that the target for the disease-inducing lymphocytes is sequence 273-283 of the rat IRBP: (a) sequence 273-283 is highly conserved and is identical in the bovine and rat proteins; (b) determinant 273-283 is a "repeat" of 1181-1191 in the fourfold structure of IRBP and shares seven residues with BOV 1181-1191; (c) rat peptide 273-283 is recognized by lymphocytes sensitized against BOV 1181-1191 and stimulates them for proliferation and for acquisition of uveitogenicity; and (d) moreover, sequence 273-283 is superior to BOV 1181-1191 in its capacity to generate uveitogenicity in lymphocytes sensitized against this bovine peptide. The present study thus describes for the first time a system in which an autologous homologue of an immunopathogenic epitope is inactive and a "surrogate" determinant apparently serves as the target for lymphocytes sensitized against the immunopathogenic peptide.
Genomics and global health
Authors: T. Pang
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The current revolution in genomics, culminating in the sequencing of the human genome, has tremendous potential to improve health globally. Of particular interest is how these advances will affect the health of people living in the developing countries. The reality that much of the advances in genomics were made, and in part are owned, by the developed world has given rise to the concern that a genomics divide will be created that will further widen the equity gap in health between rich and poor nations.1 In fact, genomics and related technologies should be used to narrow the existing unethical inequities in global health. A report soon to be released by the World Health Organization focuses on this inequity and points out, for example, that some 80% of investments in 2000 and DNA patents in genomics in the period 1980-93 are held in the United States.2 Of the 1233 new drugs marketed between 1975 and 1999, only 13 were approved specifically for tropical diseases.2

The sequencing of the genomes of numerous microbial pathogens and ongoing efforts to sequence the genomes of mosquito vectors (for example, Anopheles gambiae ) promise benefits in the shorter term for the control of communicable diseases.3 Fosmidomycin, originally developed for treatment of recurrent urinary …
CULTIVATION OF THE RABIES ORGANISM
Authors: ANNA WESSELS WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

From the earliest days of artificial cultivation many investigators have attempted to grow the specific organism of rabies, but few have had the courage to report positive results. Among the latter may be mentioned, for example, Bruschetti (1896), who reported that he had cultivated on special brain-broth mediums an extremely minute pleomorphic bacillus, which up to the sixth culture generation produced typical rabies in susceptible animals; and later Levy (1903), Sormani (1903) and a few others reported equally positive results with cultures of different micro-organisms isolated from rabies animals. No one so far has been able to corroborate these results. Since Negri and others demonstrated that the structured cell inclusions known commonly as Negri bodies are specific for rabies, there have been practically no cultural studies reported; but from verbal reports and demonstrations we know that such studies have been going on in several research laboratories. Among those most interested in the
A Practice of Anaesthesia (Wylie and Churchill-Davidson)
Authors: Rudolph H. de Jong
Journal: JAMA (1979)

When "WC-D" first was published in 1960, it filled a worldwide need for a truly general textbook dealing with the scientific basis for the practice of anesthesiology. That the text met that intent is attested by numerous translations, as well as by new editions appearing every sixth year. The fourth edition continues this tradition of excellence, providing major revisions and new additions. The 46 chapters, covering most facets of present-day anesthesia practice (outpatient anesthesia being one exception), are unsigned, creating the unwitting impression that this is a two-author text, unless one troubles to examine the preface and table of contents. There one learns that Dr Churchill-Davidson has become sole editor, with 18 associate and two assistant editors responsible for all but one chapter. The editor's tight control over presentation is evident throughout and is in notable contrast to the varying styles and frequent overlaps encountered in so many other multiauthored
Let's hope that the pendulum swings back to white coat and formal attire
Authors: C. A. Efthymiou
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Dancer eloquently explained what patients and the public have long thought—today’s doctors look scruffy and cannot easily be identified.1

I recently observed surgery in North America and France, where doctors were easily identifiable by their white coat and professional attire. At home, my colleagues are happy to come to work in …
Biology of AAV Serotype Vectors in Liver-Directed Gene Transfer to Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Guangping Gao, You Lu, Roberto Calcedo, Rebecca L. Grant, Peter Bell, Lili Wang, Joanita Figueredo, Martin Lock, James M. Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Vectors based on adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) show promise for the treatment of genetic diseases. This study evaluates the biology of AAV-mediated gene transfer to liver in nonhuman primates (NHPs) using vectors based on AAV serotypes 2, 7, and 8. Transgenes encoding self-proteins were selected to minimize the confounding development of transgene-specific immune responses. These included the β subunit of choriogonadotropic hormone (bCG) and erythropoietin (Epo), both derived from cDNAs from rhesus macaques. Experiments were performed with bCG in rhesus macaques and Epo in cynomolgus macaques. We demonstrated the previously untested hypothesis that preexisting immunity to a natural infection does substantially diminish the efficacy of gene transfer with a vector derived from an endogenous virus. Route of vector administration clearly has an impact on the development of immune responses to self-antigens. In general, efficiency of gene transfer to liver with AAV7 and 8 vectors was higher than what was achieved with AAV2, although a variety of host factors may influence this important parameter, such as preexisting immunity, gender, and transgene immunity.
Passive smoking and cardiorespiratory health in a general population in the west of Scotland.
Authors: D. J. Hole, C. R. Gillis, C. Chopra, V. M. Hawthorne
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE-To assess the risk of cardiorespiratory symptoms and mortality in non-smokers who were passively exposed to environmental smoke.Prospective study of cohort from general population first screened between 1972 and 1976 and followed up for an average of 11.5 years, with linkage of data from participants in the same household.Renfrew and Paisely, adjacent burghs in urban west Scotland.15,399 Men and women (80% of all those aged 45-64 resident in Renfrew or Paisley) comprised the original cohort; 7997 attended for multiphasic screening with a cohabitee. Passive smoking and control groups were defined on the basis of a lifelong non-smoking index case and whether the cohabitee had ever smoked or never smoked.Cardiorespiratory signs and symptoms and mortality.Each of the cardiorespiratory symptoms examined produced relative risks greater than 1.0 (though none were significant) for passive smokers compared with controls. Adjusted forced expiratory volume in one second was significantly lower in passive smokers than controls. All cause mortality was higher in passive smokers than controls (rate ratio 1.27 (95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.70)), as were all causes of death related to smoking (rate ratio 1.30 (0.91 to 1.85] and mortality from lung cancer (rate ratio 2.41 (0.45 to 12.83)) and ischaemic heart disease (rate ratio 2.01 (1.21 to 3.35)). When passive smokers were divided into high and low exposure groups on the basis of the amount smoked by their cohabitees those highly exposed had higher rates of symptoms and death.Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke cannot be regarded as a safe involuntary habit.
Successful treatment of a refractory verruca in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with topical cidofovir
Authors: A.M. Tobin, M. Cotter, A.D. Irvine, B. Kirby
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Successful treatment of a refractory verruca in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with topical cidofovir Get access British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 2, 1 February 2005, Pages 386–388, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06355.x Published: 01 February 2005
Is lactate concentration of major value in determining the prognosis in patients with acute liver failure? Hardly
Authors: Lars E. Schmidt, Fin Stolze Larsen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

In acute liver failure, liver transplantation performed within a time frame of hours to a few days may radically improve the outcome. In patients with an etiology of acute viral, toxic, autoimmune, or cryptogenic hepatitis, the procedure may indeed be life saving. However, the patients with the most dramatic clinical presentation, paracetamol-induced hyperacute liver failure, remain the only group that have a high spontaneous survival rate, even though they may experience advanced stages of disease with multi-organ failure and brain oedema. The selection criteria for emergency liver transplantation in patients with paracetamol-induced liver failure are far from optimal, and there clearly remains a need for improving the selection criteria for transplantation in this group of patients. Lactate has been used as a marker of poor prognosis in patients with a variety of critical conditions requiring intensive care management. In general, the measurement of lactate concentration in a mixed cohort of patients with acute liver failure has turned out to be of limited value for decision making in daily practice. However, patients with paracetamol-induced hyperacute liver failure often present with severe lactate acidosis that frequently is associated with cardiovascular collapse and imminent death. In this subgroup of patients with acute liver failure, lactate could be of potential value as a prognostic marker. Among several selection criteria for urgent liver transplanta
Pranlukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, attenuates allergen-induced early- and late-phase bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic subjects
Authors: Allan Hamilton, Isidore Faiferman, Paul Stober, Richard M. Watson, Paul M. O’Byrne
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)