tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Formation of the First Black Medical Society
Authors: Bernard L. Albert
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  I read with great interest A Case of Professional Exclusion in 1870: The Formation of the First Black Medical  by H. W. Nickens, 1 which appeared in the May 3 issue of JAMA .  Although the American Medical Association claimed that it did not discriminate, in effect it did discriminate against black physicians by insisting until recently that in order to be a member of the AMA, every physician also had to be first a member of the component  and  societies. The refusal of these societies to elect blacks to membership in many southern states barred them from membership in the American Medical Association. I was pleased that JAMA published Nickens' article to document the actions of one such medical society, the Medical Society of the District of Columbia, which is unique in that it is both the state and the local medical society for
Effect of experimental pancreatic growth on the content of xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes in the pancreas.
Authors: J Ross, J A Barrowman
Journal: Gut (1987)

The concentration in pancreatic tissue and the total pancreatic content of three xenobiotic metabolising enzymes has been determined in two models of experimental pancreatic growth namely, cholecystokinin-octapeptide injections and soy flour feeding. No significant change in pancreatic concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase or glucuronyl transferase was detected. In both models of pancreatic growth, however, the concentration of glutathione-S-transferase was significantly reduced. It is possible that the reduction in this enzyme may be of some importance in determining the susceptibility of the pancreas to carcinogenesis observed with long term soy flour feeding.
Stepwise progression of B lineage differentiation supported by interleukin 7 and other stromal cell molecules.
Authors: S Hayashi, T Kunisada, M Ogawa, T Sudo, H Kodama, T Suda, S Nishikawa, S Nishikawa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Growth of early B precursor cells was investigated in vitro by using rIL-7 and IL-7-defective stromal cell line PA6 as separate growth signals. B cell development proceeds through three sequential stages different from the growth signal requirement. The cells in the first stage require PA6 alone for the proliferation, and differentiate into the second stage, which requires both PA6 and IL-7 for its growth. When IL-7 is available for the cells in the second stage, they proliferate extensively on the PA6 layer, and some acquire the ability to proliferate in response to IL-7 alone. This sequential change of growth signal requirement, however, does not proceed autonomously along the time schedule. The possibility that it is primarily directed by the result of Ig gene rearrangement is considered. This mode of growth control may explain why only functional B cells are selected in the error-prone process of Ig gene rearrangement during B lineage differentiation.
Overseas Graduates and Training
Authors: A. K. Sen, R. R. Malpe, R. R. Cavale, I. A. Siddiqe, A. Q. Qureshi, M. A. R. Kamath, S. Pal, C. Vidyasagar
Journal: BMJ (1967)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICA-et al., in that following a criminal abortion induced by a midwife 6 ft.(1.8 m.) of protruding intestinal loops were cut off.Laparotomy was performed two hours and ten minutes after the accident.A tapeworm was found free in the peritoneal cavity.Surgery consisted of an end-to-end anastomosis of the severed bowel and a subtotal hysterectomy.The patient had a fairly uneventful recovery.The second case was one where a well- qualified gynaecologist performed a D. and C. for a termination of an early (four-weeks) pregnancy).Six hours later a laparotomy was performed for severe abdominal pain with signs of peritoneal irritation.The terminal ileum was perforated in five different places and 15 cm. of it was resected.An end-to-end anastomosis was performed.A tear in the fundus of the uterus was sutured.The postoperative course was stormy, but the patient left home on the 12th postoperative day.-Iam, etc., Beirut,
Hypoglycemia — A Complication of Hemodialysis
Authors: Gerald A. Rigg, Bernard A. Bercu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

CEREBRAL dysfunction is occasionally encountered during the course of hemodialysis. A cause of these symptoms is the dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, which may be manifested by confusion, headache, hypertension, convulsions, coma and even death.1 Confusion, lethargy and coma followed by death have also been reported2 to result from hemodialysis with a high glucose concentration in the dialysis bath, with consequent extreme hyperglycemia and hyperosmolality. This report details a third cause of cerebral symptoms after hemodialysis – that of hypoglycemia.Case ReportE.S. (W.C.G.H. 332485), a 33-year-old man with renal failure secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis, was started on hemodialysis, with the use . . .
Angiotensin II: a potent regulator of acidification in the rat early proximal convoluted tubule.
Authors: F Y Liu, M G Cogan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The early proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is the site of 50% of bicarbonate reabsorption in the nephron, but its control by angiotensin II has not been previously studied. In vivo microperfusion was used in both the early and late PCT in Munich-Wistar rats. Systemic angiotensin II administration (20 ng/kg X min) or inhibition of endogenous angiotensin II activity with saralasin (1 microgram/kg X min) caused profound changes in bicarbonate absorption in the early PCT (169 +/- 25 and -187 +/- 15 peq/mm X min, respectively). Because the bicarbonate absorptive capacity of the early PCT under free-flow conditions is 500 peq/mm X min, angiotensin II administration or inhibition affected greater than 60% of proton secretion in this segment. Both agents less markedly affected bicarbonate absorption in the late PCT (+/- 28 peq/mm X min) or chloride absorption (+/- 68-99 peq/mm X min) in both the early and late PCT. Because of its potential for controlling the majority of bicarbonate absorption in the early PCT (hence greater than or equal to 30% of bicarbonate absorption in the entire nephron), angiotensin II may be a powerful physiologic regulator of renal acidification.
"Place of publication" bias?
Authors: Y Ben-Shlomo, G Davey Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

concentration should not reflect similar brain concentrations.Considerable indirect evidence supports this view, though we are not aware of any study that has looked at this issue directly or which, if any, brain regions and receptors are deemed the most sensitive to the lowering of peripheral cholesterol concentration.In conclusion, we believe that the degree of the low cholesterol state combined with its duration might be a risk factor for the development of an abnormal mental state.Further research is required to investigate the role of both high density and low density lipoproteins in addition to total cholesterol.Magnetic resonance imaging tech- niques that visualise brain cholesterol in relation to serum concentrations should be used in future investigations.
Why Patients With Asthma Go to the Emergency Room
Authors: YOSSEF Aelony
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article titled "Education for Self-treatment by Adult Asthmatics" by Maiman et al (241:1919, 1979) assesses the ability of a nurse educator to teach asthmatics who attend an emergency room in crisis thus reducing further emergency room visits by stressing self-medication to the patient. The article failed to note that the usual emergency room treatment (237:1141, 1977) itself teaches the patient to return there with his next attack. The usual treatment includes one or more of the following therapies: subcutaneous epinephrine injections, intravenous aminophylline, intermittent positive-pressure breathing with an aerosolized β-adrenergic bronchodilator, or oxygen. Since these treatment modalities are usually not available for home use, any attempt to teach the patient to self-medicate runs counter to his emergency room experience. This conditioning to use emergency room treatment is unfortunate, because (1) oral elixir of theophylline (dose of 400 mg) is well tolerated and produces in 20 minutes an
Felty's Syndrome: Long-Term Follow-up After Splenectomy
Authors: RICK A. MOORE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

The clinical, hematologic, and serologic features, before and after splenectomy, of 15 patients with Felty's syndrome are described. Follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 13½ years. Splenectomy relieved the neutropenia in 66% of the patients, with no late relapses. The frequency of infections was markedly decreased in most of the patients who had a return of the neutrophil count to normal after splenectomy. The indications and contraindications for splenectomy are discussed.
The Acute Abdomen in the Aged
Authors: A. Standeven
Journal: BMJ (1955)

RDICALISOURNALfemale anatomy has been so designed that our instrument makers have not succeeded in devising any apparatus that can cope with incontinence.Faecal incontinence is often due to impacted faeces, when just a thin trickle gets past the mass.Enemas solve this problem and give much encouragement to both patients and relatives.Try to avoid colostomies in the aged.With the intelligent patient all goes well, but with the uneducated infection of the surrounding skin causes much discomfort and misery.Severe rheumatoid or osteoarthritic cases are not common in the real old-age group.Death brings relief from their misery at an earlier age.
Dion Jonathan Maberly
Authors: P. Helliwell
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Born in London, Dion Jonathan Maberly was educated at Sutton Vallence School, Kent. After training at St Thomas’ Hospital, London, he spent a year in Washington, DC, as a medical intern, followed by a period in New Zealand. On his return to the UK he worked at St Thomas’, Hammersmith, and Middlesex hospitals, training in respiratory medicine. In 1974 he was appointed consultant physician at the newly built …
Host cell responses induced by hepatitis C virus binding†
Authors: Xinhua Fang, Mirjam B. Zeisel, Jochen Wilpert, Bettina Gissler, Robert Thimme, Clemens Kreutz, Thomas Maiwald, Jens Timmer, Winfried V. Kern, Johannes Donauer, Marcel Geyer, Gerd Walz, Erik Depla, Fritz von Weizsäcker, Hubert E. Blum, Thomas F. Baumert
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Initiation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is mediated by docking of the viral envelope to the hepatocyte cell surface membrane followed by entry of the virus into the host cell. Aiming to elucidate the impact of this interaction on host cell biology, we performed a genomic analysis of the host cell response following binding of HCV to cell surface proteins. As ligands for HCV-host cell surface interaction, we used recombinant envelope glycoproteins and HCV-like particles (HCV-LPs) recently shown to bind or enter hepatocytes and human hepatoma cells. Gene expression profiling of HepG2 hepatoma cells following binding of E1/E2, HCV-LPs, and liver tissue samples from HCV-infected individuals was performed using a 7.5-kd human cDNA microarray. Cellular binding of HCV-LPs to hepatoma cells resulted in differential expression of 565 out of 7,419 host cell genes. Examination of transcriptional changes revealed a broad and complex transcriptional program induced by ligand binding to target cells. Expression of several genes important for innate immune responses and lipid metabolism was significantly modulated by ligand-cell surface interaction. To assess the functional relevance and biological significance of these findings for viral infection in vivo, transcriptional changes were compared with gene expression profiles in liver tissue samples from HCV-infected patients or controls. Side-by-side analysis revealed that the expression of 27 genes was similarly altered following HCV-LP binding in hepatoma cells and viral infection in vivo. In conclusion, HCV binding results in a cascade of intracellular signals modulating target gene expression and contributing to host cell responses in vivo. Reprogramming of cellular gene expression induced by HCV-cell surface interaction may be part of the viral strategy to condition viral entry and replication and escape from innate host cell responses.
Abstract 5227: The microRNA profile is altered in fibrosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis in mice
Authors: April K. Marrone, Volodymyr Tryndyak, Grace Chappell, Frederick A. Beland, Ivan Rusyn, Igor P. Pogribny
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and its incidence is rising worldwide. The molecular mechanisms associated with the development of HCC are complex and include multiple interconnected alterations driven by both genetic and epigenetic events. Mounting evidence indicates an important role of microRNAs (miRNAs), post-transcriptional negative regulators of gene expression, in the pathogenesis of HCC. In humans, the development of HCC is commonly associated with liver cirrhosis. To mimic the molecular pathogenesis of human HCC, we used a mouse model of fibrosis-associated liver cancer, which was designed to emulate cirrhotic liver. Tumor and non-tumor liver samples from B6C3F1 mice treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN; a single ip injection of 1 mg/kg at 14 days of age) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4; 200 µl/kg, 2 times/week ip for 14 weeks starting at 8 weeks of age) were analyzed. Using TaqMan® array miRNA cards, we identified a total of 52 and 45 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in tumor and non-tumor liver tissue, respectively, from DEN/CCl4-treated mice as compared to those in livers of vehicle-treated control B6C3F1 mice. Importantly, 27 differentially expressed miRNAs were common for both tumor and non-tumor samples from DEN/CCl4-treated mice. These miRNAs are involved in the major cancer pathways including apoptosis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These results suggest that changes in miRNA expression during hepatocarcinogenesis may occur at very early stages of the carcinogenic process, preceding the formation of detectable neoplastic lesions. Most notably, our results showing 27 miRNAs common for tumor and non-tumor tissue suggest that a miRNA profile associated with the development of HCC could potentially be used to decipher the precise molecular mechanisms of disease progression and/or be used as early markers for detecting neoplastic lesions in the liver. Citation Format: April K. Marrone, Volodymyr Tryndyak, Grace Chappell, Frederick A. Beland, Ivan Rusyn, Igor P. Pogribny. The microRNA profile is altered in fibrosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5227. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5227
miR-133 and miR-30 Regulate Connective Tissue Growth Factor
Authors: Rudy F. Duisters, Anke J. Tijsen, Blanche Schroen, Joost J. Leenders, Viola Lentink, Ingeborg van der Made, Veronica Herias, Rick E. van Leeuwen, Mark W. Schellings, Paul Barenbrug, Jos G. Maessen, Stephane Heymans, Yigal M. Pinto, Esther E. Creemers
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

The myocardium of the failing heart undergoes a number of structural alterations, most notably hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and an increase in extracellular matrix proteins, often seen as primary fibrosis. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a key molecule in the process of fibrosis and therefore seems an attractive therapeutic target. Regulation of CTGF expression at the promoter level has been studied extensively, but it is unknown how CTGF transcripts are regulated at the posttranscriptional level. Here we provide several lines of evidence to show that CTGF is importantly regulated by 2 major cardiac microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-133 and miR-30. First, the expression of both miRNAs was inversely related to the amount of CTGF in 2 rodent models of heart disease and in human pathological left ventricular hypertrophy. Second, in cultured cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, knockdown of these miRNAs increased CTGF levels. Third, overexpression of miR-133 or miR-30c decreased CTGF levels, which was accompanied by decreased production of collagens. Fourth, we show that CTGF is a direct target of these miRNAs, because they directly interact with the 3' untranslated region of CTGF. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-133 and miR-30 importantly limit the production of CTGF. We also provide evidence that the decrease of these 2 miRNAs in pathological left ventricular hypertrophy allows CTGF levels to increase, which contributes to collagen synthesis. In conclusion, our results show that both miR-133 and miR-30 directly downregulate CTGF, a key profibrotic protein, and thereby establish an important role for these miRNAs in the control of structural changes in the extracellular matrix of the myocardium.
765 Early hepatitis C recurrence following liver transplantation is influenced by operative and peri-transplant variables
Authors: R GHOBRIAL, I CARMODY, Y HUANG, S SAAB, J GORNBEIN, R STEADMAN, S HAN, F DURAZO, D FARMER, H YERSIZ
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) is the main problem of most transplant programs. We aimed at assessing the antiviral activity and safety of intravenous silibinin (SIL) administered daily during the peri-transplant period.This was a single-centre, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study including 14 HCV-infected patients awaiting LT. Eleven patients received SIL and 3 placebo, for a maximum of 21 days before LT and 7 days after LT.Among the patients who received more than 14 days of pre-LT treatment, the median decrease in viral load (VL) was 2.31 log10 (range 0.6–4.2) in the SIL-treated group (n = 9) versus 0.30 log10 (0.1–0.6) in the placebo group (n = 3) (p = 0.016). During the post-LT treatment, HCV-RNA levels were consistently and significantly (p = 0.002) lower in the SIL group compared to placebo and decreased below the limit of quantification in 2 patients and below the limit of detection in 2 additional patients (all in the SIL-treated group). Peri-transplant treatment with SIL was well tolerated.This proof-of-concept study in patients in the waiting list for LT indicates that daily intravenous silibinin has evident antiviral properties and is well tolerated in the peri-LT period. A longer treatment regimen with silibinin (alone or in combination with other agents) should be assessed in clinical trials for the prevention of hepatitis C recurrence.
Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardias by Rapid Atrial Stimulation
Authors: JOHN W. LISTER, LAWRENCE S. COHEN, WILLIAM H. BERNSTEIN, PHILIP SAMET
Journal: Circulation (1968)

In 10 patients, 24 episodes of supraventricular tachycardia were treated by rapid electrical stimulation of the right atrium. One episode of sinus tachycardia, eight episodes of atrial tachycardia, two episodes of atrial flutter, and 13 episodes of A-V junctional tachycardia occurred. In each case the diagnosis of the arrhythmia was documented by obtaining unipolar and bipolar intra-atrial electrograms. In three cases of supraventricular tachycardia the ventricular rate was slowed as a result of an increased atrial rate. The increased atrial rate caused an increase of the functional refractory period of the A-V junction, and thus, fewer atrial impulses were transmitted to the ventricles. In seven cases, 21 episodes of supraventricular tachycardia were terminated by rapid atrial stimulation. In six of these cases the tachycardia was converted to normal sinus rhythm either during or shortly after atrial stimulation. In one case, 12 episodes of A-V junctional tachycardia were converted to rhythms varying between normal sinus rhythm and a slow A-V junctional rhythm. In this case, after termination of the last episode of A-V junctional tachycardia, the rhythm was stabilized by atrial pacing.
Spontaneous bruising during treatment with isotretinoin
Authors: C. Green
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Spontaneous bruising during treatment with isotretinoin Get access C. Green C. Green Department of Dermatology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 128, Issue 4, 1 April 1993, Page 465, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00213.x Published: 01 April 1993
Reply: Tuberculin Skin Testing
Authors: Jacques Pouchot
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 August 1997Reply: Tuberculin Skin TestingJacques Pouchot, MD, Anne Grasland, MD, and Philippe Vinceneux, MDJacques Pouchot, MDHopital Louis Mourier; 92700 Colombes, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, Anne Grasland, MDHopital Louis Mourier; 92700 Colombes, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, and Philippe Vinceneux, MDHopital Louis Mourier; 92700 Colombes, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-4-199708150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Our study was designed specifically to assess the reliability of the measurement of skin induration obtained after tuberculin skin testing. We could not agree more with the recommendations of Dr. Flynn; of course, as stated in our article, the proper administration of the tuberculin skin test according to the Mantoux technique was a prerequisite of our study. It is undoubtedly essential to administer the tuberculin skin test in the proper way. Moreover, in addition to administering the test correctly and measuring the skin induration carefully, it should be emphasized that the interpretation of the tuberculin skin test result ...References1. Bass JB Jr, Farer LS, Hopewell PC, O'Brien R, Jacobs RF, Ruben F, et al. Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children. American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994; 149:1359-74. Google Scholar2. Longfield JN, Margileth AM, Golden SM, Lazoritz S, Bohan JS, Cruess DF. Interobserver and method variability in tuberculin skin testing. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1984; 3:323-6. Google Scholar3. Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986; 1:307-10. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hopital Louis Mourier; 92700 Colombes, France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1997Volume 127, Issue 4Page: 334KeywordsSkin testsTuberculin Issue Published: 15 August 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...