tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fractal <sup>15</sup> O-Labeled Water Washout From the Heart
Authors: James B. Bassingthwaighte, Daniel A. Beard
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract To characterize the washout of water from the heart, we used a flow-limited (not diffusion- or permeability-limited) marker for blood-tissue exchange, namely, tracer-labeled water. Experiments were performed by injecting 15 O-labeled water into the inflow to isolated blood-perfused rabbit hearts and by recording the tracer content in the heart and in the outflow simultaneously for up to 5 minutes. The data exhibit a particular combination of power law forms: (1) The downslopes of the residue and outflow curves were both power law functions, with the residue diminishing as t −α and the outflow as t −α−1 , where α is interpreted to be the dimensionless exponent of a fractal power law relation characterizing the self-similarity inherent in each curve. (2) The fractional escape rate, given by the outflow curve divided by the residue curve, diminished almost exactly as t −1 . In 18 sets of curves, α averaged 2.21±0.27. These results lead to an improved method for extrapolating the downslopes of indicator dilution curves to estimate their areas and therefore the blood flows. The evidence also points strongly to the conclusions that myocardial water washout is a fractal process and that stirred tank models are inappropriate for the heart.
Spontaneous Closure of a Membranous Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: H. J. Albers, S. E. Carroll, J. C. Coles
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Complete anatomical closure of a high ventricular septal defect by the medial tricuspid leaflet as an accidental finding at necropsy was reported for the first time in 1952 by Hartmann from the Pathological Anatomical Institute in Vienna (Professor H. Chiari).In 1960 Majka and associates reported a case of " spontaneous repair of a ventricular septal defect " which came to necropsy at our hospital.Recently a virtually identical case was discovered accidentally at necropsy on an 86-year-old man.This unusual finding is presented together with its surgical application. Case Discovered at NecropsyThe patient had been at Westminster Hospital for Domiciliary Care from June, 1956.until his death in December, 1961.His previous history was rather vague, but it appeared that he had suffered from frequent upper respiratory-tract infections and pneumonia.On admission and several times during his stay in hospital he was in early heart failure precipitated by respiratory-tract infections.Treatment of the latter and diuretics were sufficient to over- come this problem.Digitalis was not given until April, 1960, when he was aged 84.Physical examination on admission revealed an emphysematous chest, moist rales at both lung bases, and some Elizabeth the Queen Mother is patron and the Princess Royal is the vice-patron of the fund.Since the scholarships were first allocated in 1950, over £40,000 has been spent in this way, and more than 200 scholars have gone out under the auspices of the fund.
Ethical Debate: Practical ethics
Authors: G. Gillett
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The ethical principles underlying clinical practice tend to run on two axes: firstly, the need to protect life and wellbeing, and, secondly, respect for the individual patient. Occasionally the principles of beneficence (or doing good) and respect for autonomy seem to conflict, and such situations require doctors to blend clinical wisdom and the art of negotiation. The case of head injury presented here is an example.

Clearly, any reasonable patient …
Bile acids in combination with low pH induce oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage: relevance to the pathogenesis of Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: K. Dvorak, C. M Payne, M. Chavarria, L. Ramsey, B. Dvorakova, H. Bernstein, H. Holubec, R. E Sampliner, N. Guy, A. Condon, C. Bernstein, S. B Green, A. Prasad, H. S Garewal
Journal: Gut (2006)

Barrett's oesophagus is a premalignant condition associated with an increased risk for the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (ADCA). Previous studies indicated that oxidative damage contributes to the development of ADCA.To test the hypothesis that bile acids and gastric acid, two components of refluxate, can induce oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage.Oxidative stress was evaluated by staining Barrett's oesophagus tissues with different degrees of dysplasia with 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) antibody. The levels of 8-OH-dG were also evaluated ex vivo in Barrett's oesophagus tissues incubated for 10 min with control medium and medium acidified to pH 4 and supplemented with 0.5 mM bile acid cocktail. Furthermore, three oesophageal cell lines (Seg-1 cells, Barrett's oesophagus cells and HET-1A cells) were exposed to control media, media containing 0.1 mM bile acid cocktail, media acidified to pH 4, and media at pH 4 supplemented with 0.1 mM bile acid cocktail, and evaluated for induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS).Immunohistochemical analysis showed that 8-OH-dG is formed mainly in the epithelial cells in dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus. Importantly, incubation of Barrett's oesophagus tissues with the combination of bile acid cocktail and acid leads to increased formation of 8-OH-dG. An increase in ROS in oesophageal cells was detected after exposure to pH 4 and bile acid cocktail.Oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage can be induced in oesophageal tissues and cells by short exposures to bile acids and low pH. These alterations may underlie the development of Barrett's oesophagus and tumour progression.
NOTES OF AN EPIDEMIC OF INFLUENZA OCCURRING IN THE MIDLOTHIAN AND PEEBLES ASYLUM
Authors: J. P. Sturrock
Journal: BMJ (1905)

mBym I feel, perhaps, that I ought to apologize for again bringing before this Society so rare a case instead of talking about something of more practical importance.However, I feel sure that both cases of actinomycosis and of the obscure disorder allied to it are much commoner than is generally supposed, and that they are frequently passed over unrecognized.It is, at any rate, very noticeable that when one case has occurred in a neighbourhood, more are generally reported from time to time, indicating that where observation is on the alert then such cases are not missed.
Role of Na,K-ATPase in regulating acidification of early rat liver endocytic vesicles
Authors: Maan Anbari, Karen V. Root, Rebecca W. Van Dyke
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Endocytic vesicles are acidified by an electrogenic proton pump and a parallel chloride conductance; however, acidification might be decreased if electrogenic transporters, such as Na,K-ATPase, that increase vesicle interior-positive membrane potential were also present. We examined this issue in early rat liver endosomes using ion substitution and inhibitors to alter Na,K-ATPase activity. These early endosomes, labeled for 2 min with the fluorescent fluid-phase marker fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, consistently acidified faster than endosomes similarily labeled for a 10-min period. In chloride-free media initial rates of acidification of early endosomes were faster in K+ media than in Na+ medium, although addition of K+ to Na+ or Na+ to K+ media to allow Na,K-ATPase to function did not decrease the rate of acidification. In chloride-containing media, rates were the same regardless of cation composition. The Na,K-ATPase inhibitor vanadate was prepared from orthovanadate by several methods, all of which inhibited liver ATPase activity. Two hundred μmol/L vanadate, prepared Cl−-free, tended to decrease rates of acidification in all media tested and these effects achieved statistical significance in Cl−-free media containing 150 mmol/L K+ or mixtures of Na+ and K+ and in 145 mmol/L KCl/5 mmol/L NaCl medium. Vanadate stocks pH-adjusted with hydrogen chloride increased rates of acidification in sodium gluconate buffers, probably as a result of the effects of the included Cl−. Five mmol/L ouabain (loaded into vesicles by endocytosis) and the membrane-permeable analog strophanthidin (2 mmol/L) both markedly inhibited endosome acidification, regardless of buffer ion composition. Collectively, these results suggest that Na,K-ATPase does not regulate acidification of rat liver early endocytic vesicles, that vanadate may modestly inhibit endosome acidification and that ouabain at high concentrations may inhibit acidification from the vesicle interior face. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:1034–1043.)
Informed consent in human experimentation before the Nuremberg code
Authors: J. Vollmann, R. Winau
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Mesenchymal stromal cells have emerged as potential candidates for cell-based therapies to modulate the immune response in organ transplantation and repair tissues after acute or chronic injury. Preclinical studies have shown convincingly in rodent models that mesenchymal stromal cells can prolong solid organ graft survival and that they can induce immune tolerance, accelerate recovery from AKI, and promote functional improvement in chronic nephropathies. Multiple complex properties of the cells, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and proregenerative effects, seem to contribute. The promising preclinical studies have encouraged investigators to explore the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell–based therapy in pilot clinical trials, including those for bone marrow and solid organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and tissue and organ repair. Here, we review the available data on culture-expanded mesenchymal stromal cells tested in renal transplantation, AKI, and CKD. We also briefly discuss the relevant issues that must be addressed to ensure rigorous assessment of the safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell therapies to allow the translation of this research into the practice of clinical nephrology.
Changes in Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Steven N. Blair
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To evaluate the relationship between changes in physical fitness and risk of mortality in men.Prospective study, with two clinical examinations (mean interval between examinations, 4.9 years) to assess change or lack of change in physical fitness as associated with risk of mortality during follow-up after the subsequent examination (mean follow-up from subsequent examination, 5.1 years).Preventive medicine clinic.Participants were 9777 men given two preventive medical examinations, each of which included assessment of physical fitness by maximal exercise tests and evaluation of health status.All cause (n = 223) and cardiovascular disease (n = 87) mortality.The highest age-adjusted all-cause death rate was observed in men who were unfit at both examinations (122.0/10,000 man-years); the lowest death rate was in men who were physically fit at both examinations (39.6/10,000 man-years). Men who improved from unfit to fit between the first and subsequent examinations had an age-adjusted death rate of 67.7/10,000 man-years. This is a reduction in mortality risk of 44% (95% confidence interval, 25% to 59%) relative to men who remained unfit at both examinations. Improvement in fitness was associated with lower death rates after adjusting for age, health status, and other risk factors of premature mortality. For each minute increase in maximal treadmill time between examinations, there was a corresponding 7.9% (P = .001) decrease in risk of mortality. Similar results were seen when the group was stratified by health status, and for cardiovascular disease mortality.Men who maintained or improved adequate physical fitness were less likely to die from all causes and from cardiovascular disease during follow-up than persistently unfit men. Physicians should encourage unfit men to improve their fitness by starting a physical activity program.
Critical role of IL-10 in the induction of low zone tolerance to contact allergens
Authors: Marcus Maurer, Wolfgang Seidel-Guyenot, Martin Metz, Juergen Knop, Kerstin Steinbrink
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

The development and mechanisms of tolerance to allergens are poorly understood. Using the murine low zone tolerance (LZT) model, where contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is prevented by repeated topical low-dose applications of contact allergens, we show that LZT induction is IL-10 dependent. IL-10 is required for the generation of LZT effector cells, that is, CD8+ regulatory T cells. Only T cells from tolerized IL-10+/+ mice or IL-10–/– mice reconstituted with IL-10 during LZT induction adoptively transferred LZT to naive mice and prevented CHS, whereas T cells from IL-10–/– mice failed to do so. The IL-10 required for normal LZT development is derived from lymph node CD4+ T cells, the only skin or lymph node cell population found to produce relevant amounts of IL-10 after tolerization. CD4+ T cells derived from IL-10+/+ mice, but not from IL-10–/– mice, allowed the induction of LZT in adoptively transferred T cell–deficient mice. Interestingly, IL-10 injections during tolerization greatly enhanced LZT responses in normal mice. Thus, the generation of CD8+ LZT effector T cells by CD4+ regulatory T cells via IL-10 may be a promising target of strategies aimed at preventing contact allergies and other harmful immune responses.
Use of Oral Mannitol in the Oedematous Patient
Authors: J. W. James, R. A. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Oral mannitol 200 g. was given on 24 occasions to patients with intractable oedema (cardiac, renal, or hepatic) and produced a mean weight loss of 3 kg. The procedure was found to be a safe, rapid, and effective method of treating oedema, and it should be used when diuretic therapy proves ineffective, particularly in the presence of hyponatraemia.
Congress Queries Need for and Safety of High-Containment Research Laboratories
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetics, race, ethnicity, and health
Authors: Neil Pearce, Sunia Foliaki, Andrew Sporle, Chris Cunningham
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Genetics plays only a small part in ethnic differences in health, and other factors are often more amenable to changeIn the past few decades spectacular advances have occurred in molecular biology techniques.Researchers have been eager to use these new techniques to study ethnic or racial differences in health that are commonly assumed to have genetic causes.We argue that this assumption is based on confusion between three very different concepts: genetics, race, and ethnicity.This is invalid both scientifically and in terms of public health policy.We concentrate on research in Maori and Pacific (Polynesian) people, but the issues considered are of more general relevance.
Interleukin-6, hepatocyte growth factor, and their receptors in biliary epithelial cells during a type i ductular reaction in mice: Interactions between the periductal inflammatory and stromal cells and the biliary epithelium
Authors: Zejin Liu, Toshiki Sakamoto, Tsukasa Ezure, Shigeki Yokomuro, Noriko Murase, George Michalopoulos, Anthony J. Demetris
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The interleukin–6 (IL–6)/gp–80 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/met ligand/receptor systems have been shown to stimulate biliary epithelial cell (BEC) DNA synthesis in vitro . The mRNA and protein production of these two in vitro mitogens were mapped in vivo during the first week after bile duct ligation (BDL) when peak BEC DNA synthesis is seen. Changes around the biliary tree were compared with those seen in the peripheral liver using a combination of Northern blotting and a unique biliary tree isolation technique, in which the bile ducts and the surrounding portal stroma and inflammatory cells are separated from the hepatocytes by perfusion digestion. Further localization was performed with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In the normal liver, there is low–level expression of HGF mRNA by periportal stellate cells, and HGF protein localizes to these cells and to neutrophils; extracellular HGF protein is present in the bile. There is no detectable IL–6 mRNA by Northern analysis or IL–6 protein expression in the normal liver, but both met and IL–6 receptor (IL–6R) mRNA are detectable; met mRNA is expressed strongly in the biliary tree, and met protein is expressed weakly on hepatocytes and strongly on BEC. IL–6R mRNA is weakly expressed in the biliary tree, and IL–6R protein is detectable on hepatocytes, with a periportal–to–perivenular gradient, but not on BEC. During the first 3 days after BDL, HGF mRNA expression is increased in both the biliary tree and in the peripheral liver, and production is localized to stellate cells, periductal neutrophils, and stromal cells, which typically accompany the proliferating ductules. IL–6 mRNA and protein were detected only near the biliary tree after BDL, and not in the peripheral liver, and the production was localized to periductal hematolymphoid cells, which had the morphological appearance of macrophages and/or dendritic cells. There is also a distinct up–regulation of met and gp–80 mRNA and protein in the biliary tree, which is stronger than that seen in the peripheral liver. Met protein expression is increased, and IL–6R(gp–80) protein is induced on the proliferating BEC, consistent with the participation of both the HGF/met and IL–6/gp–80 systems in the early phases of type I ductular reactions. These observations show that periductal hematolymphoid and stromal cells are the source of BEC growth factors, and receptors for these factors are up–regulated on BEC during active ductular proliferation. Complex interactions between the inflammatory, stromal, and BEC results in a dysmorphogenic repair response that eventually leads to cirrhosis.
American Cancer Society guidelines on diet, nutrition, and cancer. The Work Study Group on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer
Authors: S. Weinhouse, D. G. Bal, R. Adamson, J. Dwyer, R. E. Kleinman, D. Kritchevsky, C. J. Mettlin, G. R. Newell, R. Rivlin, L. Wattenberg, al. et
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1991)
Inherited bone marrow failure associated with germline mutation of ACD, the gene encoding telomere protein TPP1
Authors: Yiran Guo, Melissa Kartawinata, Jiankang Li, Hilda A. Pickett, Juliana Teo, Tatjana Kilo, Pasquale M. Barbaro, Brendan Keating, Yulan Chen, Lifeng Tian, Ahmad Al-Odaib, Roger R. Reddel, John Christodoulou, Xun Xu, Hakon Hakonarson, Tracy M. Bryan
Journal: Blood (2014)
Patterns of breathing in health and disease.
Authors: A R Tanser
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Recurrent respiratory infection may be a feature of patients who have deficiency of humoral or antibody response to some respiratory pathogens and to some antibody challenge tests whilst maintaining apparently normal levels of immunoglobulins (dysgammaglobulinaemia).Other patients may lack cellular immunity.The conditions mentioned above are illustrated by reference to case histories.
Progression to end-stage liver disease in patients with inherited bleeding disorders and hepatitis C: an international, multicenter cohort study
Authors: Dirk Posthouwer, Michael Makris, Thynn T. Yee, Kathelijn Fischer, Joost J. van Veen, Anja Griffioen, Karel J. van Erpecum, Eveline P. Mauser-Bunschoten
Journal: Blood (2007)
Sex and ambition
Authors: T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The vast amount of comment on recent sex scandals in the government has thrown up one idea that might be worth pursuing: do high achievers have a high sex drive? Should we expect politicians to have deviant sex lives as part of the personality mix that goes with ambition? For ambition rather than intelligence seems to be the most obvious characteristic that distinguishes politicians from the rest of us.

Firstly, men seem to be more ambitious - or at least more pushy - than women. This trait is given as the explanation for the observation that girls do better in single sex schools because in mixed classes the boys dominate discussion (and are given …
Progress in research, therapy of Prader-Willi syndrome, but numerous challenges remain to be overcome
Authors: Donald E. Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Infantile hypotonia and feeding difficulty, adolescent hyperphagia and hypogonadism, unremitting behavioral problems, and premature death from complications of obesity: such is the lot of the patient with Prader-Willi syndrome. Infants with this condition eat poorly because of a weak suck reflex. However, by age 5 or 6 years, severe hyperphagia intervenes leading to obesity and such attendant problems as diabetes mellitus and respiratory insufficiency. The eating disorder is thought to be hypothalamic in origin. This is also true of associated endocrine abnormalities, which are discussed in a case report appearing in this issue ofThe Journal(pp 3280-3282). The syndrome, first described by Swiss investigators 30 years ago (<i>Schweiz Med Wochenschr</i>1956; 86:1260-1261), affects one in 10,000 to 25,000 children, with a large preponderance of boys. At least this figure is the best current estimate, according to Suzanne B. Cassidy, MD, assistant professor of pediatrics and director of the division
L'élargissement des indications pour la capsule endoscopique garantit-il un meilleur rendement diagnostique?
Authors: AM Singeap, A Trifan, C Cojocariu, C Sfarti, C Stanciu
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: Il y a des standards proposés pour l'utilisation de la vidéocapsule endoscopique; pour les indications majeures, l'hémorragie gastro-intestinale obscure et l'anémie ferriprive, il y a un algorithme proposé par un consensus international.
Inhibition of inflammatory CD4 T cell activity by murine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Antonella Carambia, Christian Frenzel, Oliver T. Bruns, Dorothee Schwinge, Rudolph Reimer, Heinrich Hohenberg, Samuel Huber, Gisa Tiegs, Christoph Schramm, Ansgar W. Lohse, Johannes Herkel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Stewart-Morel syndrome.
Authors: I. P. Rowlands, B. C. Das
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MBROIBi= 559 instances of subarachnoid haemorrhage and of unexplained deaths.This case, which will be presented in detail, supports Mr. Barabas's contention that there may exist an "arterial" type of syndrome.It provides a particularly florid example, with a similar illness occurring in milder form in a brother.Although usually regarded as an autosomal dominant trait,' the possibility of different modes of inheritance in a heterogeneous syndrome has always to be considered, and one might speculate that some cases of the " arterial " form might be transmitted as autosomal recessives.If this were so parents would not be expected to show the trait, and absence of family history could be compatible with this mode of inherit- ance, as in the case of Rubinstein and Cohen,2 another of our own,3 and number 27 of Barabas.The features of systemic illness (fever, etc.) ink our patient are not well explained and it may be noteworthy that they had occurred in milder form earlier in this patient's his- tory.We wonder whether others have had similar experiences and whether more acute episodes of arterial damage may occur in the course of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.-Weare, etc.,