tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Beta-adrenergic stimulation of cyclic AMP is defective in cultured dermal fibroblasts of psoriatic subjects
Authors: D.J. EEDY, J.P. CANAVAN, C. SHAW, E.R. TRIMBLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article Beta‐adrenergic stimulation of cyclic AMP is defective in cultured dermal fibroblasts of psoriatic subjects Get access D.J. EEDY, D.J. EEDY Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Northern Ireland Dr D.J.Eedy, Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT126BA, Northern Ireland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.P. CANAVAN, J.P. CANAVAN Department of Chemical Pathology, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. SHAW, C. SHAW Department of Medicine, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.R. TRIMBLE E.R. TRIMBLE Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Victoria Hospital, Northern IrelandDepartment of Medicine, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 122, Issue 4, 1 April 1990, Pages 477–483, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb14724.x Published: 01 April 1990
A NORMAL ACOUMETER.
Authors: E. AMBERG
Journal: JAMA (1901)

If the eyes of a patient have been examined he may receive a certificate and go to any country with his ophthalmic passport. It is different with the ear. The voices of different men vary, and instruments, which are precisely alike and can be used in precisely the same way by various examiners, do not exist. Even Politzer's acoumeter is not exempted, in my opinion. After careful consideration of the merits of Politzer's instrument. I am convinced that the limit of exactness is not reached therein. In the first place it is too complicated to give a guarantee that all acoumeters can be constructed exactly alike, and there is a possibility that the same instrument produces different effects at different times, if differently handled by the examiners. For instance, the effects of elasticity are not entirely barred. Although the question may arise whether for our work those delicate discriminations should
Child Psychiatrists and the Threat of Nuclear War
Authors: Edmund C. Levin
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  I wish to express my gratitude in general for another issue of JAMA commemorating Hiroshima, and in particular for the excellent article by Paul Boyer 1 on the history of the medical profession and the threat of nuclear war.  One small aspect of the history, which has become a subject of fascination for me but on which Professor Boyer does not comment, is the special role played by child psychiatrists and their colleagues in attempting to confront nuclear issues. In 1965, psychologists Sibylle Escalona 2 and Milton Schwebel 3 each designed and administered the first surveys of children's attitudes toward the threat of nuclear war. Shortly afterward, a child psychiatrist, a psychoanalyst, and a child psychologist (Viola Bernard, Perry Ottenberg, and Fritz Redl) wrote compellingly about the dehumanizing aspects of war. 4   As was true for the medical profession generally, little more was written about the impact of
Treatment of Intestinal Cryptosporidiosis with Spiramycin
Authors: DAVID PORTNOY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Nine male patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and one female patient who had an allogeneic bone marrow transplant for acute myeloblastic leukemia in relapse developed severe debilitating diarrhea. Cryptosporidium species were found in the stools of all patients. After receiving treatment with spiramycin for 1 week, five patients had complete resolution of the diarrhea and four patients had symptomatic improvement. One patient responded gradually and the diarrhea resolved after 30 days of treatment with spiramycin.
Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Drug Responding Systems
Authors: V F Smolen
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1978)

Pharmacokinetics is that branch of pharmaceutical science which provides the mathematical relationships betwee� the dynamic (time-dependent) manner in which a drug is released to enter the body and the time course of the pharmacological effects that ensue. In this context, pharmacokinetics may be described as quantita­ tive pharmacology (I). Once a drug has entered into the body, Le. when it becomes bioavailable, there is little that can be done, outside of antidotal procedures, to further affect the time course of its effects on the organism. Therefore, bioavailability is of cardinal importance in clinical pharmacology in that it is the control of drug bioavailability which provides the only practical means by which a drug's therapeu­ tic and toxic effects can be controlled in a necessarily routine manner. Despite the many excellent treatments of the topic of bioavailability found in the literature (2-7), confusion still exists as to the precise meaning of the term as well as the relationship of bioavailability to bioequivalency; the introduction of in vitro bioequivalency into the federal regulation ·of drug products has also added to the confusion (2, 8). The majority of the published reports on bioavailability are principally oriented to drug product bioavailabilitylbioequivalency testing and procedures that employ chemical and radiological assay techniques to monitor parent drug and/or metabo­ lite levels in blood and/or urine. The biological, formulation, and manufacturing factors that also affect bioavailability have also been well discussed (9). Therefore. this report seeks to place the concepts of drug bioavailability and bioequivalency in a broader perspective and emphasize the now Food and Drug Administration­ accepted, although less familiar. approach of using pharmacological.data for per­ forming drug bioavailability_ analyses. The relative attributes of using direct assay and pharmacological data are compared.
Bone Density and Vitamin D Intoxication
Authors: Barbara B. Sterkel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 March 1998Bone Density and Vitamin D IntoxicationBarbara B. Sterkel, MDBarbara B. Sterkel, MDWashington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-6-199803150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The diagnosis “hypervitaminosis D” is more appropriate than “vitamin D intoxication” for the four patients that Adams and Lee [1] observed to have 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels twice the upper limit of normal and elevated ratios of fasting urinary calcium to creatinine. These patients do not meet the “vitamin D poisoning” criteria of hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, or ectopic calcifications described by Albright and Reifenstein in their book Parathyroid Glands and Metabolic Bone Disease.In the presence of elevated 25(OH)D levels and adequate calcium intake, intestinal hyperabsorption is more likely to be the cause of hypercalciuria [2] ...References1. Adams JS, Lee G. Gains in bone mineral density with resolution of vitamin D intoxication. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:203-6. Google Scholar2. Pak CY, Oata M, Lawrence EC, Snyder W. The hypercalciurias: causes, parathyroid functions, and diagnositic criteria. J Clin Invest. 1974; 54:387-400. Google Scholar3. Lindsay R, Tohme JF. Estrogen treatment of patients with established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Obstet Gynecol. 1990; 76:290-5. Google Scholar4. Villareal DT, Civitelli R, Chines A, Avioli LV. Subclinical vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women with low vertebral bone mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991; 72:628-34. Google Scholar5. Chapuy MC, Arlot M, Duboeuf F, Brun J, Crouzet B, Arnaud S, et al. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fracture in elderly women. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:1637-42. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Barbara B. Sterkel, MDAffiliations: Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis, MO 63110 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA Vegetarian DietEfficacy and safety of vitamin D3 intake exceeding the lowest observed adverse effect level,,Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety 15 March 1998Volume 128, Issue 6Page: 507KeywordsBone densityBone resorptionCalciumElderlyIntoxicationPopulation statisticsSpineToxicityVitamin DVitamin D deficiency ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 March 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
T lymphocyte-mediated suppression of myeloma function in vitro. II. Evidence for regulation of hapten-binding myelomas by syngeneic hapten-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Authors: A K Abbas, S E Ratnofsky, S J Burakoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

BALB/c splenocytes stimulated in vitro with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified syngeneic cells inhibit the secretion of antibody by the TNP-binding BALB/c myeloma MOPC 315 in the presence of soluble TNP-Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The effector cells are hapten-specific, H-2-restricted, Thy-1.2-bearing, Ly-2-positive T lymphocytes whose precursors are resistant to pretreatment with cyclophosphamide. These phenotypic properties are typical of hapten-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). The TNP-reactive CTL that inhibit MOPC 315 cells fail to suppress H-2d myelomas that do not bear TNP-specific surface receptors, and this is not attributable to differences in total binding of TNP-KLH to the different myeloma cells. Moreover, azobenzene arsonate (ABA)-specific CTL inhibit MOPC 315 cells in the presence of the double conjugate TNP-ABA-KLH, but not in the presence of soluble TNP-KLH or ABA-KLH. These results show that H-2-restricted, hapten-specific lymphocytes regulate the function of myeloma cells that bind the hapten only to specific surface receptors, and provide a model for associative recognition of surface H-2 determinants and receptor-bound antigen. The results are discussed with reference to the mechanisms of T lymphocyte-target cell interactions, and the possible physiologic role of hapten-reactive CTL in specifically regulating anti-hapten antibody responses.
Alcohol's Threat to Liver Transplant Recipients May Be Overstated, Suggests Retrospective Study
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

DISCRIMINATION against alcoholics in liver transplant programs may be unwarranted, or at least excessive. Most transplant programs exclude alcoholics who cannot convince clinicians that they will stay on the wagon. This policy is based on the theory that relapse in alcohol addiction is voluntary behavior, and that alcohol consumption damages the grafted liver, leading to a willful waste of a scarce resource. Fully 80% of liver transplant programs won't even consider current heavy drinkers; 23.9% won't take patients who abused alcohol in the past 6 months, and 58.7% say drinking in the past 6 months is a "relative" contraindication (<i>Psychosomatics</i>. 1993;34:314-323). <h3>Rejection and Death Not Higher</h3> However, alcoholics who do start drinking again after transplantation do not have increased rates of histological abnormalities, graft rejection, or death, according to a retrospective study conducted at the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor. All patients who had a history of alcohol
Truncal Inversion with Biventricular Pulmonary Trunk and Aorta from Right Ventricle (Variant of Taussig-Bing Complex)
Authors: AARON B. SHAFFER, JOSÉ F. LOPEZ, IRWIN K. KLINE, MAURICE LEV
Journal: Circulation (1967)

A heart is described pathologically in which the aorta emerged from the right ventricle and was not related to the ventricular septal defect, while the pulmonary trunk emerged from both ventricles, but mostly the right, and was related to the ventricular septal defect. This Taussig-Bing arrangement of vessels was coupled with the presence of the aortic orifice to the left and the pulmonic orifice to the right, which is an inverted position. The anatomic concept of inversion is an abnormality in position from the standpoint of laterality. A careful study of the conal regions of the left and right ventricles showed that those regions were not inverted. Therefore, this represents a case of Taussig-Bing complex with exclusively truncal inversion, which is unique. This may be explained on the basis of opposite metameric contribution to the development of the truncus.
A diverse profession
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A few years ago Carol Black, then president of the Royal College of Physicians, caused a media furore by saying that the growing number of women in medicine threatened the profession’s influence and status. As Iona Heath wrote in a BMJ editorial, this was portrayed as an astonishing position for a woman to adopt, with the clear implication that it was antifeminist ( BMJ 2004:329:412-3; doi: 10.1136/bmj.329.7463.412). Heath concluded that Black’s concerns were valid because of the continuing unequal status of women in society.

The proportion of women entering medicine continues to grow, and the concerns that seemed unacceptable then, especially when expressed by a woman, continue …
Medicine in the USA: Historical vignettes. XVI. Clinical science gets enthroned. Part II
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In the 1890s the laboratory was becoming more and more important for clinical medicine. Although, as we have seen, improved diagnostic tests were making the work of the clinician easier, the improved diagnosis took place for the most part within the old conceptual framework. Yet the new methods, especially in bacteriology and chemistry, were slowly permitting investigators to attack more general problems and to expand the basic concepts. Whereas precise methods, applied to diagnosis, improved the<i>art</i>of medicine, the same methods, when they enlarged the conceptual aspects, entered the realm of science. New techniques, by themselves, no matter how complex, are only tools. We must ask, To what goal are the tools applied? Primarily toward diagnosis? Or primarily toward expansion of knowledge? Osler, in his brief address in 1895,<sup>1</sup>wanted internal medicine to be a specialty that would require long preparation, not only on the wards but in
Stanford V and Radiotherapy for Locally Extensive and Advanced Hodgkin's Disease: Mature Results of a Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: S. J. Horning
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To provide more mature data on the efficacy and complications of a brief, dose-intense chemotherapy regimen plus radiation therapy (RT) to bulky disease sites for locally extensive and advanced-stage Hodgkin’s disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred forty-two patients with stage III or IV or locally extensive mediastinal stage I or II Hodgkin’s disease received Stanford V chemotherapy for 12 weeks followed by 36-Gy RT to initial sites of bulky (≥ 5 cm) or macroscopic splenic disease. Freedom from progression (FFP), overall survival (OS), and freedom from second relapse (FF2R) were determined using life-table estimates. Outcomes were analyzed according to the international prognostic score. Late effects of treatment were recorded in follow-up. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 5.4 years, the 5-year FFP was 89% and the OS was 96%. No patient progressed during treatment, and there were no treatment-related deaths. FFP was significantly superior among patients with a prognostic score of 0 to 2 c...
Fas and Fas Ligand Interactions Suppress Melanoma Lung Metastasis
Authors: Laurie B. Owen-Schaub, Kenneth L. van Golen, Laurie L. Hill, Janet E. Price
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Apoptosis induced by Fas (CD95) ligation is frequently lost during tumor progression; however, there is no direct evidence to support an association of Fas loss-of-function with metastatic tumor behavior. To determine whether Fas loss-of-function is critical for acquisition of the metastatic phenotype, we have compared the ability of Fas-sensitive K1735 murine melanomas to form spontaneous lung metastases in wild-type and Fas ligand–deficient mice. Fas-sensitive melanoma clones are highly tumorigenic but rarely metastatic in wild-type syngeneic mice. However, in Fas ligand–deficient mice, both the incidence and number of metastases are increased. These findings provide the first evidence that Fas–Fas ligand interactions can suppress metastasis and that tumor Fas loss-of-function may be causally linked to metastatic progression.
Lupus-Associated Intestinal Vasculitis
Authors: De-Feng Huang, Wei-Sheng Chen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 28-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with a 2-day history of periumbilical postprandial abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting. She was afebrile and normotensive, with diffuse abdominal distention and mild rebound pain without rigidity.
Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies
Authors: Roger K. Ferguson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

IN ITS 1984 report,<sup>1</sup>the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure proposed an operational classification of hypertensive emergencies and urgencies. This group suggests that<i>emergencies</i>are situations in which greatly elevated blood pressure must be lowered within one hour to reduce actual patient risk, whereas<i>urgencies</i>are situations where severe elevations in blood pressure are not causing immediate endorgan damage but should be controlled within 24 hours to reduce potential patient risk. In our view, emergencies require treatment in the hospital with parenteral antihypertensive agents to prevent immediate progression of end-organ damage. Urgencies are preferably treated with rapidly acting oral agents either inside or outside the hospital, depending on the circumstances. The purpose of this article is to review for the practicing physician important considerations in the treatment of patients with markedly elevated blood pressure based on these definitions. The emphasis will be
Activation of an immune-regulatory macrophage response and inhibition of lung inflammation in a mouse model of COPD using heat-shock protein alpha B-crystallin-loaded PLGA microparticles
Authors: Johannes M. van Noort, Malika Bsibsi, Peter J. Nacken, Wouter H. Gerritsen, Sandra Amor, Inge R. Holtman, Erik Boddeke, Ingrid van Ark, Thea Leusink-Muis, Gert Folkerts, Wim E. Hennink, Maryam Amidi
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Epidemiological assessment of the health and nutrition of Ethiopian refugees in emergency camps in Sudan, 1985.
Authors: P Shears, A M Berry, R Murphy, M A Nabil
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The findings from epidemiological data that were collected from emergency camps for Ethiopian refugees during a mass influx of refugees into Eastern Sudan in 1985 are presented. An overall mortality of 8.9 per 10,000 a day was recorded during February 1985, and in children under 5 years of age the rate was 22 per 10,000 a day. The estimated prevalence of malnutrition (calculated as less than 80% of the reference weight for height) ranged from 32% to 52% among children of preschool age. The principal causes of morbidity and mortality were measles, diarrhoea and dysentery, respiratory infections, and malaria. The findings suggest that malnutrition and disease increased in these refugees after they arrived in the camps. Epidemiological assessment is essential to help to maintain the health and nutrition of refugees in emergency camps.
Toward the Ultimate Public Health Service Act Amendment
Authors: August G. Swanson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Under the pressure generated by lobbies and various vested interests, Congress has displayed a growing tendency to write legislation specifically promoting disease-oriented and targeted research. Currently, for example, it is rumored that Congress is being influenced by the insistent demands of the "National Association for Crab Louse Eradication" and its professional wing "The American Society for Phthirus Pubis Research." To ensure that the research mandated for this purpose be performed in a manner that is practical, ethical, consumer-oriented, and financially accountable, I offer the following model bill.A BILLTo amend the Public Health Service Act to establish a national . . .
Limitations of the echocardiogram in diagnosing valvular vegetations in patients with mitral valve prolapse.
Authors: P A Chandraratna, E Langevin
Journal: Circulation (1977)

In order to assess the reliability of the echocardiogram in detecting valvular vegetations in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), echocardiograms from 85 consecutive patients with mitral valve prolapse were reviewed. Eleven patients had thick shaggy echoes confined to the anterior mitral leaflet; eighteen patients had shaggy echoes on the posterior leaflet; and five had abnormal echoes on both the anterior and posterior leaflets. Only one patient had clinical evidence of infective endocarditis. Redundant leaflets which present multiple surfaces for the production of echoes may explain the abnormal echoes that were observed. Patients with echographic features suggesting mild prolapse less commonly exhibited shaggy leaflet echoes than those with more severe prolapse. Because a significant proportion (40%) of patients with MVP had shaggy echoes which closely resembled those seen in valvular vegetations, we feel that the echocardiogram is of limited value in diagnosing infective endocarditis in patients with mitral valve prolapse.
Organogels, hydrogels and bigels as transdermal delivery systems for diltiazem hydrochloride
Authors: Mahmoud Mokhtar Ibrahim, Salma A. Hafez, Mahmoud M. Mahdy
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013)

In the present study, gel formulations of organogels, hydrogels, and oleo-hydrogel (bigels) were evaluated as transdermal drug delivery systems for diltiazem HCL (DH). Organogels were prepared using soya-bean oil (SO) as a solvent and span 60 (Sp 60), cetyl alcohol (CA) or lecithin-pluronic (PLO) as organogelators without and with different surfactants (2% w/w) namely span 80 (Sp80), tween 20 (T20) and tween 80 (T80). On the other hand, hydrogels were formulated using Hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose (HPMC) polymer and bigels were prepared by mixing organogels with HPMC hydrogels. The prepared gels were analyzed microscopically, thermally by DTA and for pH, and viscosity. The effect of gelator used, surfactant types and pH of the sink on DH release from cellophane membrane was investigated. In addition, the DH permeability across the rabbit skin was evaluated. Finally, the in vivo performance of various gel formulations was assessed based on the hypotensive effects of the drug using hypertensive albino male rat models. The microscopical analysis indicated that the solid fibers formed by gelator particles form the backbone of the organogels while bigels appeared as emulsion like. The addition of surfactants showed an increase in organogel viscosity. The thermal analysis of organogels indicated that the drug present in amorphous not in crystalline form. The release studies indicated that DH release from organogels, hydrogels and bigels could be controlled. The included surfactants decreased the DH release and permeation from organogels compared to those without surfactants using either Sp60 or CA. HPMC hydrogel and Bigels showed higher DH release and permeation rates when compared to organogels. The percent DH released in different pH values was in the following descending order: pH5.5>pH1.2>pH6.8>pH7.4. The in vivo antihypertensive activity of DH using different transdermal gels is arranged as following: hydrogels > PLO organogel > bigel> Sp 60 organogel.