tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cost effectiveness of pegylated interferon alpha 2b and ribavirin combination in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: T Poynard
Journal: Gut (2003)

I read with great interest the excellent cost effectiveness analysis of pegylated interferon alpha 2b and ribavirin combination in patients with chronic hepatitis C ( Gut2003;52:425–32 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] ). I was surprised by the relatively low cost of treatment initiation in Germany (table 3). The cost estimate of pre-therapeutic … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGut%26rft.stitle%253DGut%26rft.issn%253D0017-5749%26rft.aulast%253DSiebert%26rft.auinit1%253DU%26rft.volume%253D52%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D425%26rft.epage%253D432%26rft.atitle%253DCost%2Beffectiveness%2Bof%2Bpeginterferon%2B%257Balpha%257D-2b%2Bplus%2Bribavirin%2Bversus%2Binterferon%2B%257Balpha%257D-2b%2Bplus%2Bribavirin%2Bfor%2Binitial%2Btreatment%2Bof%2Bchronic%2Bhepatitis%2BC%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fgut.52.3.425%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12584228%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=gutjnl&resid=52/3/425&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F52%2F10%2F1532.1.atom
Cardiovascular event rates in the MOSAIC trial: 2-year follow-up data: Table 1
Authors: C D Turnbull, S E Craig, M Kohler, D Nicoll, J Stradling
Journal: Thorax (2014)

The Multicentre Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Intervention Cardiovascular (MOSAIC) trial investigated the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on both sleepiness and predicted cardiovascular risk over 6 months in minimally symptomatic patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Although there was clear benefit in terms of Epworth Sleepiness Score, there was no improvement in blood pressure and predicted vascular risk score. In order to calculate the required size of future trials, with real vascular events as the endpoint, the rate of such events in this population is needed. 188 patients from the original trial were followed for 2 years. The overall number of new vascular events over the 2 years was 25, and all-cause mortality was 4. There was a weak statistically significant reduction in vascular events in the CPAP group (p=0.049). Large-scale randomised trials are needed to determine if CPAP causes a real reduction in vascular events in minimally symptomatic patients. Based on our figures, future trials of CPAP versus no treatment would need to randomise approximately 2540 patients to not miss a real reduction in vascular events and over 6000 for mortality.
A Purpuric Drug Eruption Caused by Carbromal
Authors: P. Borrie
Journal: BMJ (1955)

EPIDIDYMITISMEDIBRA JouRNL 645 precedent history of urinary symptoms favoured the diagnosis of tuberculous epididymal disease.Macro- scopic haematuria occurred in 30% of the cases of non-tuberculous epididymitis and was probably due to cystitis.Sterile pyuria was noted in 10% of the cases of non-tuberculous epididymitis: it was considerably more common in the tuberculous cases.Coliform and/ or coccal infection of the urine was commonly present in the non-tuberculous cases but occurred also in 26% of the tuberculous.Tubercle bacilii were isolated from the urine in 12 of 22 cases so examined.A scrotal sinus was rare in the cases of non-tuberculoIis epididymitis but developed in 35% of the tuberculous cases.Prostatic and vesicular nodularity was noted in 36°% of the non-tuberculous cases and in 70%o of tne cases of tuberculous epididymitis.Clinical tuberculosis elsewhere in the body, either concurrent or precedent, was found in 76 % of the tuberculous cases.The majority of the cases of non-tuberculous epididymitis were treated expectantly and ran a benign course.The tuberculous cases were treated by surgical excision-before streptomycin and the adjuvant drugs were available.36% of the patients were dead within a few years.The differential diagnosis between the two conditions is sometimes difficult and is apparent only after the lapse of time: full urological investigation is advisable.
UTILITY OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCANNING IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT EVALUATION FOR ACUTE CHEST PAIN: THE ROMICAT II TRIAL
Authors: Eric T. Chou, Pearl Zakroysky, Doug Hayden, Pamela Woodard, Stephen Wiviott, John Nagurney, Jerome Fleg, Hang Lee, David Schoenfeld, Udo Hoffmann, Quynh Truong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Effect of hyperoxia on the carbohydrate metabolism of human lymphocytes
Authors: Arthur L. Sagone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Lymphocytes incubated under high oxygen tensions have impaired lymphoblastic transformation to nonspecific mitogens. Since carbohydrate metabolism may be essential for an optimal proliferation of these cells following an antigenic stimulus, we have characterized the effect of hyperoxia on the glucose metabolism of human lymphocytes in vitro. The mean rates of glucose utilization, Krebs cycle activity, and hexose monophosphate shunt activity were determined for unstimulated and phyto‐hemagglutinin (PHA)‐stimulated cultures incubated for 3 days. In unstimulated cultures, hyperoxia stimulated glucose utilization and markedly impaired Krebs cycle activity but did not alter HMPS activity. These observations suggest that hyperoxia impairs the mitochrondrial activity of lymphocytes and that increased glycolysis compensates for the loss of cellular energy normally produced by this organelle. Under high oxygen tension PHA‐stimulated cultures failed to show the burst in HMPS activity and increased Krebs cycle activity characteristic of cultures incubated under physiological oxygen tensions and consumed less glucose. Our results indicate that hyperoxia alters the glucose metabolism of lymphocytes. This metabolic alteration may be related to the impaired function of the cells under hyperoxic conditions.
Development and validation of a novel risk score for asthma exacerbations: The risk score for exacerbations
Authors: Eric D. Bateman, Roland Buhl, Paul M. O'Byrne, Marc Humbert, Helen K. Reddel, Malcolm R. Sears, Christine Jenkins, Tim W. Harrison, Santiago Quirce, Stefan Peterson, Göran Eriksson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Management of obesity: summary of SIGN guideline
Authors: J. Logue, L. Thompson, F. Romanes, D. C Wilson, J. Thompson, N. Sattar
Journal: BMJ (2010)

In Scotland 68.5% of men, 61.8% of women, 36.1% of boys, and 26.9% of girls are classified as overweight or obese.1 The cost of obesity and obesity related illnesses to the NHS in Scotland was estimated to be £171m (€190m; $273m) in 2001,2 and forecasts in England suggest that NHS expenditure attributable to these conditions could double between 2007 and 2050.3 Being obese at age 40 reduces life expectancy by 7.1 years for women and 5.8 years for men.4 Given the massive detrimental effect of obesity on health and wellbeing, all health professionals should know how obesity should be managed. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) on the management of obesity.5 SIGN recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence, and the strength of the evidence is indicated as A, B, C, or D (figure⇓). Recommended best practice ("good practice points"), based on the clinical experience of the guideline development group, is also indicated (as GPP). Explanation of SIGN grades of recommendations ### Classification Use body mass index (BMI) to classify overweight or obesity in adults (B): Waist circumference may be used in addition to BMI to help assess the risk of obesity related comorbidities (C). Waist circumference cut-off values for an increased risk of obesity related health problems are: ### Prevention and identification of high risk groups
Detection by in situ hybridization of hepatitis C virus positive and negative RNA strands using digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes in human liver cells
Authors: Marguerite Gastaldi, Annick Massacrier, Richard Planells, Andrée Robaglia-Schlupp, Isabelle Portal-Bartolomei, Marc Bourlière, François Quilici, Joëlle Fiteni, Evelyne Mazzella, Pierre Cau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)
An insight into the international coach as a reflective practitioner
Authors: S Tones
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The notion of the reflective practitioner pervades education in the UK and is currently being promoted as a hallmark of coach professionalism and good coaching practice. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on the reflective process conducted by soccer coaches. This study seeks to illustrate and understand the process of reflection as it was experienced and used by one international soccer coach. The coach kept a reflective ‘think book’ (learning journal) in which experiences, views, thoughts and feelings were recorded. The reflective commentaries contained in the learning journal covered the duration of an international soccer tournament (3 weeks). In order to avoid the introduction of bias, the coach participating in this study was given an ‘open’ or ‘free’ choice in terms of the issues selected for reflection. This strategy is based on the assumption that the issues identified will represent an indication of coaches' professional and personal needs and priorities. All the reflective commentaries were read and re-read in order to identify emerging themes or patterns. Open coding was employed to allow free generation of data and to develop key categories for analysis and interpretation. In total the learning journal contained 12 reflective commentaries. The focus of the reflective commentaries ranged from the management of the coaching and medical staff; squad and team selection; training and match preparation; match review; strategic and tactical match decisions; diplomacy and coaching at international level. In terms of depth of reflection, aspects of the commentaries go beyond a technical or instrumental level. Discussion centres on the general process of coach reflection in soccer and specifically the adopted use of a ‘think book’ as a tool for reflection as well as the focus and extent of learning. The findings of this study should be of relevance not only to the coach involved in this study, but should equally be of interest to other coaches, coach educators and coach mentors.
Grb2-associated binder-1 plays a central role in the hepatocyte growth factor enhancement of hepatoma growth inhibition by K vitamin analog compound 5
Authors: Ziqiu Wang, Lisheng Ge, Meifang Wang, Brian I. Carr
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Compound 5 (Cpd 5), a K vitamin analog, has been shown to inhibit Hep3B human hepatoma cell growth in cultures and rat hepatoma growth in vivo through prolonged epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-extracellular response kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) synergizes with Cpd 5 to enhance the inhibition of Hep3B cell and rat hepatoma growth. To explore the mechanisms mediating the HGF/Cpd 5 synergy, we examined the possible involvement of the Grb2-associated binder-1 (Gab1) docking protein because it interacts with both EGFR and HGF receptor c-Met pathways. We found that HGF enhanced Cpd 5-induced c-Met phosphorylation at Tyr-1349, a binding site for Gab1, resulting in increased c-Met binding to Gab1, and induced strong and prolonged Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Prolonged Gab1 phosphorylation by HGF/Cpd 5 in turn enhanced the ability of Gab1 to bind to protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 and enhanced the activation of its downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In contrast, this same HGF/Cpd 5 treatment inhibited Gab1 binding to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), leading to the inactivation of the PI3K-Akt pathway. The inhibition of Akt phosphorylation by HGF/Cpd 5 further activated the Raf-MEK-ERK signaling cascade via an Akt-Raf1 interaction, leading to strong and prolonged ERK phosphorylation. The transfection of Hep3B cells with mutated Gab1 (Gab1 Y627F), which had lost its ability to bind SHP2, antagonized HGF/Cpd 5-induced ERK phosphorylation, whereas the transfection of Hep3B cells with mutated Gab1 3YF, which lost its ability to bind PI3K, further enhanced HGF/Cpd 5-induced ERK phosphorylation and cell growth inhibition.Gab1 plays a central role in regulating HGF/Cpd 5 synergy in their actions on Hep3B cell growth inhibition.
Medical work experience luxury or necessity?:
Authors: V. Purser
Journal: BMJ (1997)

I am a 16 year old student and over recent years have become interested in pursuing a career in medicine. But I have a message for some sections of the medical establishment about the difficulties I had in finding out more about medicine.

For the past two years I have been studying for my GCSEs. Having taken my exams, I was faced with the important decision about which A level subjects to study, knowing that this would play a vital role in the choice of my future career. I discovered that most universities require A level chemistry to study medicine. As this might not have been …
Authors' reply to Lauritzen and colleagues, Newton and colleagues, and Mangin
Authors: P. C. Gotzsche, K. J. Jorgensen, L. T. Krogsboll
Journal: BMJ (2014)

As our editorial explained, criticism of a clear negative result cannot turn it positive.1 Lauritzen and colleagues say that the trials in our Cochrane review tested outdated screening tests and treatments.2 3 This is not correct—for example, probably all 14 trials measured blood pressure and six trials tested for diabetes. They also say the trials were old, but if we increase the number of deaths from 11 940 to 15 103 …
Favorable Long-Term Survival After Reduced-Intensity Allogeneic Transplantation for Multiple-Relapse Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Kirsty J. Thomson, Emma C. Morris, Adrian Bloor, Gordon Cook, Don Milligan, Anne Parker, Fiona Clark, Lynny Yung, David C. Linch, Ronjon Chakraverty, Karl S. Peggs, Stephen Mackinnon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

The role of allogeneic transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is currently unclear, with relatively little published data. We report the outcome of reduced-intensity transplantation (RIT) in a cohort of 48 consecutive patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL (30 patients with de novo disease and 18 patients with transformed follicular lymphoma) who underwent transplantation with an alemtuzumab-containing regimen, with a median follow-up of 52 months.Patients had experienced treatment failure with a median of five lines of prior therapy, including autologous transplantation in 69%, and 17% of patients were chemotherapy refractory at transplantation. Median age was 46 years, and 38% of patients had matched/mismatched unrelated donors. Conditioning was with alemtuzumab, fludarabine, and melphalan, and additional graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was with cyclosporine.All patients were successfully engrafted. Only 17% of patients developed grade 2 to 4 acute GVHD, with 13% experiencing extensive chronic GVHD. Four-year estimated nonrelapse mortality was 32%, and relapse risk was 33%. Twelve patients received donor lymphocyte infusions +/- chemoimmunotherapy for relapse, and five patients obtained durable remissions, giving current progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates at 4 years of 48% and 47%, respectively. Patients who had chemotherapy-sensitive disease before RIT had current PFS and OS rates at 4 years of 55% and 54%, respectively. Chemotherapy-refractory patients had a poor outcome.The encouraging survival rates with extended follow-up suggest a role for RIT in chemotherapy-sensitive relapsed DLBCL, even in patients who have previously experienced treatment failure with autologous transplantation. Future studies will be required to determine whether any subset of patients with relapsed DLBCL should be considered for RIT versus autologous transplantation.
In vitro demonstration of a particular affinity of glomerular basement membrane and collagen for DNA. A possible basis for a local formation of DNA-anti-DNA complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: S Izui, P H Lambert, P A Miescher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

In vitro, collagen and collagen-like material in GBM, were demonstrated to have a particular high affinity for any DNA tested (mammalian, bacterial, viral, and plant). GBM fixed DNA 40-80 times more than HGG and BSA and 10-40 times more than bacterial LPS. GBM has a higher affinity for SSDNA than for DSDNA. This binding was inhibited at low pH, low ionic strength, and in the presence of anionic detergents, indicating that the highly negatively charged DNA may interact with the basic site on collagen or GBM by electrostatic forces. This interaction was competitively interfered with by DNA-binding proteins such as Clq. Complexes formed of DNA and anti-DNA antibodies did not exhibit the same binding property as free DNA. However, DNA which was already bound to GBM or to collagen could very efficiently bind anti-DNA antibodies and form immune complexes which would remain on these structures. The biological significance of the binding of DNA to GBM or to collagen should be particularly considered in relation to the pathogenesis of SLE. It is possible that DNA released from disrupted or degenerating cells would bind to surrounding collagen fibers or to basement membranes and then act as an immunoabsorbant for circulating anti-DNA antibodies. Some evidence for an in vivo binding of SSDNA to renal structures was obtained in mice treated with bacterial LPS 2 days before the injection of SSDNA.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene disruption renders mice resistant to cerebral ischemia
Authors: Mikael J.L. Eliasson, Kenji Sampei, Allen S. Mandir, Patricia D. Hurn, Richard J. Traystman, Jun Bao, Andrew Pieper, Zhao-Qi Wang, Ted M. Dawson, Solomon H. Snyder, Valina L. Dawson
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
Asthma caused by pulverised fuel ash.
Authors: A G Davison, S Durham, A J Taylor, C J Schilling
Journal: BMJ (1986)

On examination he had no fever but had notable photophobia and nuchal rigidity.There were no other abnormal physical findings.Investigaons showed that he had a normal full blood count and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 3 mm in one hour.His cerebrospinal fluid was under normal pressure with a leucocyte count of 1045 x 10'/1 (all mononuclear cells).Cultures, including that for mycobacterium tuberclosis, were negative.Serological testing for cyto- megakoirus, herpes simplex, adenovirus, varicella zoster, mumps, Epstein Barr virus, and arbovirus antigen (including tick borne encephalitis virus) gave neptive results.Clinically the boy slowly imprved without specific treatt but he had continuing kthuagy, fatigue, and sporadic arthralgia but no overt arthritis.A month after his original presentaion he was found disrientated and dysphasic, with nuchal rigidity, but no fever.He also had papilloedema, right sided iesis, ad a right faia palsy.A computed tomgram was normal and an electroencephalgm was consistent with me epaitis.His cerebrospinal fluid wasagi examined.The white cell count -was 374x 10'/l, protein wa raisd at 2100 mg/I, and results of bacteriology were negtive.Over 48 hours his neurollogca sign resolved.Serological investigations confirmed antibodies to B bwdorfeiat a titre of 1/1024, cofirmin recent infection by this ornism.Subsequently he steadily improved, althoug he still complaned intermittently of fatigue, lethargy, headache, arthraliai, and a non-productive cugh. ComentWhen questioned veterinary and forestry professionals m the New Forest and adjacent areas reported no recent imports of deer or changes in the density oftick infestation.We know that many children and adults are bitten by ticks locally but we have never been given or spontaneously sought a history of tick bite or erythema chronica migrans.We cannot say whether our patient is an isolated curiosity, whether this particular iness has always been with us but unrecogised, or whether we may find ourselves with a new disease on our doorstep.We await the summer with interest.
Inverted Follicular Keratosis
Authors: Jane G. Schweitzer, Myron Yanoff
Journal: Ophthalmology (1987)

Few cases of recurrent inverted follicular keratosis (IFK) have been reported in the literature, none with histopathologic confirmation. The authors report two cases of IFK that recurred within weeks of primary excision. Histologic confirmation was obtained on all four specimens. By establishing the benign nature of the recurrent lesions, unnecessary, possibly drastic surgery was avoided.
THE ACTION OF THE OMAHA MEDICAL SOCIETY.
Authors: C. Rosewater
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> At the meeting of the Omaha Medical Society held last Tuesday (April 14), the following resolution was passed unanimously: <i>Resolved</i>, That the delegates from this Society to the American Medical Association be instructed to oppose the change of location ofThe Journalof the Association, and that a copy of this resolution be sent toThe Journal.
Selective Attenuation by N-0861 ( <i>N</i> <sup> <i>6</i> </sup> -Endonorboran-2-yl-9-Methyladenine) of Cardiac A <sub>1</sub> Adenosine Receptor–Mediated Effects in Humans
Authors: Barry D. Bertolet, Luiz Belardinelli, Elizabeth A. Franco, Wilmer W. Nichols, Richard A. Kerensky, James A. Hill
Journal: Circulation (1996)

To determine the adenosine receptor subtype selectivity of the novel antagonist N-0861, the A1 and A2 receptor-mediated cardiac effects of adenosine were investigated in 13 patients during continuous intravenous infusion and boluses of adenosine before and after intravenous infusion of N-0861.Measurements of the the atria-to-His (A-H) interval, chest pain severity, and coronary blood flow velocity were made before and after low-dose (69 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) intravenous infusion and bolus (2.5 mg) adenosine. Two doses of N-0861 were infused intravenously, and the adenosine protocol was repeated. N-0861 0.25 mg/kg abolished the negative dromotropic effect (A-H interval prolongation) and chest discomfort experienced during infusion of adenosine and attenuated discomfort observed during the boluses of adenosine; however, the increase in coronary blood flow velocity was not significantly affected.These actions of N-0861 support the concept that the negative dromotropic effect and anginalike pain caused by adenosine are A1 adenosine receptor-mediated, whereas the increase in coronary blood flow velocity is due to activation of A2 adenosine receptors. N-0861 appears to be an effective and selective A1 adenosine receptor antagonist in humans.