tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced SERCA2 abundance decreases the propensity for Ca2+ wave development in ventricular myocytes
Authors: Mathis K. Stokke, Karina Hougen, Ivar Sjaastad, William E. Louch, Sarah J. Briston, Ulla H. Enger, Kristin B. Andersson, Geir Christensen, David A. Eisner, Ole M. Sejersted, Andrew W. Trafford
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

To describe the overall role of reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2) for Ca2+ wave development. SERCA2 knockout [Serca2flox/flox Tg(αMHC-MerCreMer); KO] mice allowing inducible cardiomyocyte-specific disruption of the Serca2 gene in adult mice were compared with Sercaflox/flox (FF) control mice. Six days after Serca2 gene disruption, SERCA2 protein abundance was reduced by 53% in KO compared with FF, whereas SERCA2 activity in field-stimulated, Fluo-5F AM-loaded cells was reduced by 42%. Baseline Ca2+ content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and Ca2+ transient amplitude and rate constant of decay measured in whole-cell voltage-clamped cells were decreased in KO to 75, 81, and 69% of FF values. Ca2+ waves developed in only 31% of KO cardiomyocytes compared with 57% of FF when external Ca2+ was raised (10 mM), although SR Ca2+ content needed for waves to develop was 79% of FF values. In addition, waves propagated at a 15% lower velocity in KO cells. Ventricular extrasystoles (VES) occurred with lower frequency in SERCA2 KO mice (KO: 3 ± 1 VES/h vs. FF: 8 ± 1 VES/h) (P < 0.05 for all results). Reduced SERCA2 abundance resulted in decreased amplitude and decay rate of Ca2+ transients, reduced SR Ca2+ content, and decreased propensity for Ca2+ wave development.
A TREATMENT FOR WHITE PHOSPHORUS BURNS
Authors: DUNCAN C. WALTON
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Although white phosphorus has largely been replaced by various substitutes in the industries, this is not true in military practice. During the World War enormous quantities of white phosphorus were used on both sides, as a smoke screen producer, as an incendiary agent, and above all for its burning and terrorizing effect on hostile troops, when used in Stokes mortar shells, Livens projectors and hand grenades. The American production of white phosphorus for war purposes had reached the enormous figure of 1,006 tons at the time of the armistice. While the recent gas treaty prohibits the use of chemical agents such as the toxic smokes and lethal war gases, this prohibition does not cover the use of nontoxic smoke producers, and white phosphorus is still a permitted war agent. In consequence it is widely used in troop maneuvers, and a number of serious accidents have occurred, both in filling plants
Arachnidism
Authors: William E. R. Greer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

ARACHNIDISM, the syndrome following the bite of a black-widow spider, is a definite clinical entity in the field of general medicine. The belief that the bite of the spider Latrodectus mactans, present in all but seven states in America, is poisonous for man has been recognized for centuries.1 Before Bogen's2 review of the literature in 1926 there was much skepticism attached to the fact that such a small creature could, by its bite, produce terrifying generalized symptoms in man. He reported 380 cases with 17 deaths in eighteen states. It remained for Blair,3 in 1933, to dispel all doubt . . .
Combination Pill for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Michelle Carey
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
916 ENTECAVIR IS AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR NUC-NAIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: 48-WEEK DATA FROM A LARGE MULTICENTER COHORT STUDY
Authors: P. Lampertico, M. Viganó, F. Facchetti, F. Suter, E. Minola, O. Fracassetti, G. Carosi, M. Puoti, G. Rizzardini, G. Gubertini, C. Magni, P. Del Poggio, S. Fargion, E. Fatta, M. Brunetto, B. Coco, G. Colloredo, M. Pozzi, M. Milanese, S. Fagiuoli, L. Pasulo, M. Borzio, M. Quagliuolo, M. Iavarone, G. Lunghi, M. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
ERM/ETV5 Up-regulation Plays a Role during Myometrial Infiltration through Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activation in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Marta Monge, Eva Colas, Andreas Doll, Marta Gonzalez, Antonio Gil-Moreno, Jesus Planaguma, Maite Quiles, Maria Antonia Arbos, Angel Garcia, Josep Castellvi, Marta Llaurado, Marina Rigau, Hafid Alazzouzi, Jordi Xercavins, Francesc Alameda, Jaume Reventos, Miguel Abal
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

We have described recently the Ets family transcription factor, ERM/ETV5, specifically up-regulated in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) and associated with myometrial infiltration. Ets family members have been correlated to tumor progression by up-regulating the expression of matrix-degrading proteases. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that in EEC, ERM/ETV5 may act by inducing the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. Unraveling the molecular events associated with the initiation of tumor invasion would represent an obvious improvement for EEC patients. The overexpression of ERM/ETV5 induced scattering in the endometrial cancer cell line Hec-1A, correlating to increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gelatinase activity. Both chromatin immunoprecipitation and reversion experiments with RNA interference and specific MMP-2 inhibitor showed a functional link between ERM/ETV5 overexpression and MMP-2 activation. The increased MMP-2 activity associated with overexpressed ERM/ETV5 in a mouse model conferred invasive capacity to endometrial tumors. Orthotopically implanted overexpressing ERM/ETV5 tumors presented a more aggressive and infiltrative pattern of myometrial invasion. Finally, the specific localization of ERM/ETV5 and MMP-2 at the invasive front of myometrial infiltrating human endometrial carcinomas further reinforced the hypothesis of a role for ERM/ETV5 in the early steps of endometrial dissemination. Taken together, these results lead us to propose that in EEC, ERM/ETV5 acts through MMP-2 gelatinolytic activity to confer invasive capabilities, associated with an initial switch to myometrial infiltration. They also postulate ERM/ETV5 as a valuable marker for patient stratification and a transcription pathway that should be evaluated for therapies specifically targeting the initial steps of EEC dissemination.
Differential Effects of RUNX2 on the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer: Synergistic Stimulation of a Gene Set Exemplified by SNAI2 and Subsequent Invasiveness
Authors: Gillian H. Little, Sanjeev K. Baniwal, Helty Adisetiyo, Susan Groshen, Nyam-Osor Chimge, Sun Young Kim, Omar Khalid, Debra Hawes, Jeremy O. Jones, Jacek Pinski, Dustin E. Schones, Baruch Frenkel
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Changes to androgen signaling during prostate carcinogenesis are associated with both inhibition of cellular differentiation and promotion of malignant phenotypes. The androgen receptor (AR)–binding transcription factor RUNX2 has been linked to prostate cancer progression but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully defined. In this study, we investigated the genome-wide influence of RUNX2 on androgen-induced gene expression and AR DNA binding in prostate cancer cells. RUNX2 inhibited the androgen response partly by promoting the dissociation of AR from its target genes such as the tumor suppressor NKX3-1. However, AR activity persists in the presence of RUNX2 at other AR target genes, some of which are cooperatively stimulated by androgen and RUNX2 signaling. These genes are associated with putative enhancers co-occupied by AR and RUNX2. One such gene, the invasion-promoting Snail family transcription factor SNAI2, was co-activated by AR and RUNX2. Indeed, these two transcription factors together, but neither alone stimulated prostate cancer cell invasiveness, which could be abolished by SNAI2 silencing. Furthermore, an immunohistochemical analysis of SNAI2 in archived primary prostate cancer specimens revealed a correlation with the RUNX2 histoscore, and simultaneous strong staining for SNAI2, RUNX2, and AR (but not any pair alone) was associated with disease recurrence. Overall, our findings suggest cooperation between AR and RUNX in the stimulation of oncogenes such as SNAI2, which might be targeted for individualized prostate cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 74(10); 2857–68. ©2014 AACR.
Etiology of Congenital Defects
Authors: Brian MacMahon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

More than 30 years ago Gregg1 identified rubella virus as a cause of certain congenital defects. The discovery was important per se, since in times of rubella epidemicity the number of affected infants can be substantial. But the finding had a broader implication, for, heavy as the burden of rubella-induced defects may be, it represents only a tiny fraction of the total problem of human congenital malformation. Gregg's discovery offered hope that a major breakthrough was imminent in the identification of prenatal exposures responsible for the more prevalent malformations. That hope has not been fulfilled.A few factors — representative . . .
GPs are to be paid 5.25 a shot for swine flu vaccination
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

GPs in England are to be paid £5.25 (€5.90; $8.70) for every dose of swine flu vaccine they administer, once it is licensed, under a deal agreed between the BMA and the Department of Health.

In total, GPs stand to earn an extra £47m between them, or about £1424 each, if they vaccinate all the nine million people in England identified as being at risk.

The health secretary, Andy Burnham, said, “This deal represents good value for money, as the vaccine programme will reduce the number of people who will need hospital treatment.”

There is still no indication of when the vaccine will become available or whether …
CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS.REPORT OF A SERIES OF CASES OF SMALL PUSTULAR SCROFULIDE (DUHRING).
Authors: J. FRANK WALLIS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The rapid advance in the study of tuberculosis of the skin during the past twenty-five years has stimulated students of dermatology to greater vigilance in the observation of cases in general, with the result that we have an increased classification, which is at times difficult to comprehend. The necessity of grouping cutaneous diseases under more general headings is obvious for convenience in study. But to do this, and at the same time convey an intelligent idea of the individual diseases, it is necessary to analyze and digest the various synonymous terms and include them in their appropriate situations. It will be my aim in this paper to report a series of cases of small pustular scrofulide, ignoring to a large extent the synonymous terms and showing the relation of this affection to the great class of tuberculides. The classification of these affections as made by Crocker includes them under two
A NEW MOUSE VIRUS CAUSING NECROSIS OF THE THYMUS IN NEWBORN MICE
Authors: Wallace P. Rowe, Worth I. Capps
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

A new mouse virus has been recovered from laboratory and wild mice. The agent induces a non-fatal disease in infant mice, characterized by acute massive necrosis of the thymic medulla and cortex, granulomatous reaction, and subsequent restoration of essentially normal architecture with scarring. Intranuclear inclusion bodies are produced. Virus may persist in tissues of convalescent mice for many months. Electron micrographs of acutely infected thymuses showed nuclear and cytoplasmic karyoannular particles and masses of parallel fibrils in nuclei.
The saga of MHC-bound peptides: a renaissance for antigen presentation?
Authors: Luc Teyton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

In this issue of the JCI, two separate studies on MHC-bound peptides reopen the debate on the utility of peptides for the purposes of vaccination and treatment of autoimmune diseases. In the first study, by Wahlström et al., peptides bound to HLA-DR17 from bronchoalveolar lavage cells of sarcoidosis patients were analyzed in order to identify target antigens of the autoimmune response (see the related article beginning on page 3576). In the second study, by Le Gall et al., the modulation of epitope immunodominance and the processing and presentation of HIV peptides for MHC class I recognition were shown to be dependent on flanking residues that were N terminal to the natural epitopes (see the related article beginning on page 3563). Both studies highlight the tremendous therapeutic potential of MHC-bound peptides. They also emphasize that technical issues are still plaguing this field and hindering our understanding of MHC presentation in vivo.
A Psychiatric "Back-Up" System for Selection of Space Crews
Authors: CARLOS J. G. PERRY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Personality factors in Astronaut selection are becoming especially important on the eve of space missions of extended duration. But psychiatric selection is fraught with imperfections and inadequacies. To compensate for these, the author presents a "back-up" system which involves the psychiatrist in a step-ladder type of monitoring of space crews during their training. Direct contact between psychiatrist and crew member is minimized; the system makes primary use of flight surgeons.
HLA class II–restricted antigen presentation of endogenous bcr-abl fusion protein by chronic myelogenous leukemia–derived dendritic cells to CD4+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Masaki Yasukawa, Hideki Ohminami, Kensuke Kojima, Takaaki Hato, Atsuhiko Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Hisamaru Hirai, Shigeru Fujita
Journal: Blood (2001)
Differential drug retention between anti-TNF agents and alternative biological agents after inadequate response to an anti-TNF agent in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Sophie Martin Du Pan, Almut Scherer, Cem Gabay, Axel Finckh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> After inadequate response to an antitumour necrosis factor (aTNF) agent for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), rheumatologists can choose an alternative aTNF or a biological agent with another mode of action (non-aTNF biological (non-aTNF-Bio)). <h3>Objective</h3> To compare drug retention rates of non-aTNF-Bio with alternative aTNF. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients within the Swiss RA cohort (SCQM-RA) treated with an alternative biotherapy after a prior inadequate response to aTNF were analysed. The drug retention of alternative aTNF was compared with non-aTNF-Bio using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for potential confounders. <h3>Results</h3> 1485 treatment courses after aTNF failure were available for analysis, 853 with alternative aTNF and 632 with non-aTNF-Bio. The median drug retention was 32 months (IQR 14–54) on non-aTNF-Bio versus 21 months (IQR 8–53) on alternative aTNF, or a 50% reduction drug discontinuation risk in favour of non-aTNF-Bio (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for non-aTNF-Bio: 0.50 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.62)). This effect appears to be modified by the type of prior aTNF failure, with a larger difference in favour of non-aTNF-Bio in patients having experienced a primary failure with a previous aTNF (HR: 0.33 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.47), p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> After inadequate response to aTNF, and particularly after primary failure, patients on a non-aTNF-Bio agent have significantly higher drug retention rates.
F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Gastric Adenoma After Stomach Distention by Water
Authors: Shan-Ying Wang, Mei-Fang Cheng, Kai-Yuan Tzen, Ruoh-Fang Yen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Increased F-18 FDG uptake in the stomach may be caused by physiological contraction or disease of the gastric wall. Distention of the gastric wall may suppress the physiological uptake of F-18 FDG and may lead to increased image contrast between the lesion area and the contracted gastric wall. We present a 76-year-old woman with lung cancer. Preoperative staging F-18 FDG PET/CT incidentally revealed an area of F-18 FDG uptake in the collapsed stomach. A lesion with F-18 FDG uptake became clearly defined after distending the gastric wall with water ingestion. The subsequent histopathological result via panendoscopic biopsy suggested that this lesion was a tubulovillous adenoma with mild dysplasia.
Substandard Vaccination Compliance and the 2015 Measles Outbreak
Authors: Maimuna S. Majumder, Emily L. Cohn, Sumiko R. Mekaru, Jane E. Huston, John S. Brownstein
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

The ongoing measles outbreak linked to the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, shines a glaring spotlight on our nation's growing antivaccination movement and the prevalence of vaccination-hesitant parents. Although the index case has not yet been identified, the outbreak likely started sometime between December 17 and 20, 2014.1,2 Rapid growth of cases across the United States indicates that a substantial percentage of the exposed population may be susceptible to infection due to lack of, or incomplete, vaccination. Herein, we attempt to analyze existing, publicly available outbreak data to assess the potential role of suboptimal vaccination coverage in the population.
Efficacy Research and Unanswered Clinical Questions
Authors: Sunita Vohra
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A10.27 Systemic Sclerosis – Role of Agonistic Autoantibodies Directed Against the Angiotensin Receptor Type 1 and the Endothelin Receptor Type A on Immune Cells in Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: J Günther, A Kill, MO Becker, G Riemekasten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Agonistic autoantibodies against the angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R) and the endothelin receptor type A (ETAR) have been identified in the majority of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. We proved the expression of the AT1R and the ETAR on human peripheral immune cells. Here, we investigated the effects of these autoantibodies on human immune cells in vitro, the association with clinical data, and their possible role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were isolated by gradient centrifugation and in vitro stimulated by affinity-purified IgG from SSc patients containing anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR antibodies as well as by affinity-purified IgG from healthy donors. After stimulation the protein expression of cytokines was measured by ELISA. T cells were isolated from PBMCs by magnetically activated cell sort (MACS) and cultivated in antiCD3/CD28 coated plates. Afterwards, migration assays were performed towards IgGs of SSc patients or healthy donors. <h3>Results</h3> IgG of SSc patients induced a significantly increased expression and secretion of IL-8 and an abundant but due to a broad range not significant secretion of CCL18. T cell migration towards IgG of SSc patients was increased. All these effects were significantly reduced by commercial AT1R and ETAR antagonist, confirming the specifity of the biological activity of the autoantibodies. Correlation analysis with clinical data of the SSc IgG donors revealed a negative correlation of IL-8 expression with the time since disease onset, and an association of CCL18 expression with the incidence of vascular complications. The chemotactic motility of T cells correlated with the autoantibody titers of the used SSc IgG. <h3>Conclusions</h3> SSc patient IgGs containing anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR antibodies seem to have effects on inflammation and fibrosis. IL-8 is a major inflammatory cytokine, inducing migration and inflammatory effects. CCL18 is a fibrotic cytokine, also contributing to leucocyte infiltration, and to lung fibrosis in SSc and other diseases. Thus, anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR antibodies may play an important role particularly in the early stage of SSc, contributing to leucocyte infiltration, vascular inflammation and injury, which are regarded to be the first events leading to tissue damage and fibrosis.
Dutch doctors change policy on treating preterm babies
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The leading centre for the treatment of premature births in the Netherlands has decided in principle to stop the active intensive treatment of babies born before 25 weeks' gestation because of research showing poor prognosis.

Neonatologists at the University Medical Centre in Leiden argue that many babies born before 25 weeks do not survive and those who do are likely to develop serious problems in later life. Elsewhere in the Netherlands, treatment is not offered until 26 weeks, though in neighbouring countries and in the United States there are limits of 23 or even 22 weeks.

The head of neonatology at the Leiden centre, Dr Frans Walther, explained that the hospital had decided to increase the limit from 24 to 25 weeks because its own study of …
Genome variation and evolution of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Daniel C Jeffares, Arnab Pain, Andrew Berry, Anthony V Cox, James Stalker, Catherine E Ingle, Alan Thomas, Michael A Quail, Kyle Siebenthall, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Sue Kyes, Sanjeev Krishna, Chris Newbold, Emmanouil T Dermitzakis, Matthew Berriman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)