tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arbovirus Disease—United States, 1993
Authors: California Encephalitis
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transplantation of highly purified CD34+ progenitor cells from unrelated donors in pediatric leukemia
Authors: Peter Lang, Rupert Handgretinger, Dietrich Niethammer, Paul G. Schlegel, Michael Schumm, Johann Greil, Peter Bader, Corinna Engel, Hans Scheel-Walter, Matthias Eyrich, Thomas Klingebiel
Journal: Blood (2003)
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Perforation in Colon Cancer Predict Positive Response to 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy
Authors: Melinda Morris, Cameron Platell, Barry Iacopetta
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: The major pathologic markers of prognosis in colorectal cancer include vascular invasion by tumor cells, invasion of adjacent lymph nodes, and perforation of the serosal wall. Recent work suggests that a high density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is associated with good outcome independently of these established prognostic markers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of TILs and other routinely reported pathologic features in colon cancer, particularly in relation to the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Experimental Design: Pathologic markers, disease-specific survival, and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy were recorded in a retrospective, population-based series of 1,156 stage III colon cancer patients with a median follow-up time of 52 months. Results: In patients treated by surgery alone (n = 851), markers with significant prognostic value included poor histologic grade, T4 stage, N2 nodal status, vascular invasion, and perforation, but not the presence of TILs. In patients treated with 5-fluorouracil–based chemotherapy (n = 305), TILs were associated with significantly improved survival [hazard ratio (HR), 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.30-0.91; P = 0.02] and perforation with a trend for improved survival (HR, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-1.05; P = 0.16). Patients with TILs or perforation seemed to gain more survival benefit from chemotherapy (HR, 0.22 and 0.21, respectively) than patients without these features (HR, 0.84 and 0.82, respectively). Conclusion: The apparent survival advantage from 5-fluorouracil associated with TILs and perforation requires confirmation in prospective studies. Because the presence of TILs reflects an adaptive immune response and perforation is associated with inflammatory response, these results suggest that there may be interactions between the immune system and chemotherapy leading to improved survival of colon cancer patients.
Podocytes Are Firmly Attached to Glomerular Basement Membrane in Kidneys with Heavy Proteinuria
Authors: Anne-Tiina Lahdenkari, Kari Lounatmaa, Jaakko Patrakka, Christer Holmberg, Jorma Wartiovaara, Marjo Kestila[Combining Diaeresis], Olli Koskimies, Hannu Jalanko
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

Glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) play an important role in the pathogenesis of proteinuria. Podocyte foot process effacement is characteristic for proteinuric kidneys, and genetic defects in podocyte slit diaphragm proteins may cause nephrotic syndrome. In this work, a systematic electron microscopic analysis was performed of the structural changes of podocytes in two important nephrotic kidney diseases, congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type and minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). The results showed that (<i>1</i>) podocyte foot process effacement was present not only in proteinuric glomeruli but also in nonproteinuric MCNS kidneys; (<i>2</i>) podocytes in proteinuric glomeruli did not show detachment from the basement membrane or cell membrane ruptures; (<i>3</i>) the number of pinocytic membrane invaginations in the basal and apical parts of the podocytes was comparable in proteinuric and control kidneys; (<i>4</i>) in proteinuric kidneys, the podocyte slit pore density was decreased by 69 to 80% and up to half of the slits were so “tight” that no visible space between foot processes was seen; thus, the filtration surface area between podocytes was dramatically reduced; and (<i>5</i>) in the narrow MCNS slit pores, nephrin was located in the apical part of the podocyte foot process, indicating vertical transfer of the slit diaphragm complex in proteinuria. In conclusion, these results suggest that protein leakage in the two nephrotic syndromes studied occurs through defective podocyte slits, and the other structural alterations commonly seen in electron microscopy are secondary to, not a prerequisite for, the development of proteinuria.
Pharmacodynamic-Guided Modified Continuous Reassessment Method–Based, Dose-Finding Study of Rapamycin in Adult Patients With Solid Tumors
Authors: Antonio Jimeno, Michelle A. Rudek, Peter Kulesza, Wen Wee Ma, Jenna Wheelhouse, Anna Howard, Yasmin Khan, Ming Zhao, Heather Jacene, Wells A. Messersmith, Daniel Laheru, Ross C. Donehower, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Sharyn D. Baker, Manuel Hidalgo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose Pharmacodynamic studies are frequently incorporated into phase I trials, but it is uncommon that they guide dose selection. We conducted a dose selection study with daily rapamycin (sirolimus) in patients with solid tumors employing a modified continuous reassessment method (mCRM) using real-time pharmacodynamic data as primary dose-estimation parameter. Patients and Methods We adapted the mCRM logit function from its classic toxicity-based input data to a pharmacodynamic-based input. The pharmacodynamic end point was skin phospho-P70 change after 28 days. Pharmacodynamic effect was defined as at least 80% inhibition from baseline. The first two dose levels (2 and 3 mg) were evaluated before implementing the mCRM, and the data used to estimate the next dose level based on statistical modeling. Toxicity-based boundaries limited the escalation steps. Other correlates analyzed were positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography, pharmacokinetics, phospho-P70 in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells, and tumor biopsies in patients at the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD). Results Twenty-one patients were enrolled at doses between 2 and 9 mg. Pharmacodynamic effect occurred across dose levels, and toxicity boundaries ultimately drove dose selection. The MTD of daily oral rapamycin was 6 mg. Toxicities in at least 20% were hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, elevated transaminases, anemia, leucopenia, neutropenia, and mucositis. Pharmacokinetics were consistent with prior data, and exposure increased with dose. No objective responses occurred, but five previously progressing patients received at least 12 cycles. PET showed generalized stable or decreased glucose uptake unrelated to antitumor effect. Conclusion mCRM-based dose escalation using real-time pharmacodynamic assessment was feasible. However, the selected pharmacodynamic end point did not correlate with dose. Toxicity ultimately drove dose selection. Rapamycin is a well-tolerated and active oral anticancer agent.
Jejunal and ileal absorption in patients with chronic renal disease. Effect of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol.
Authors: P Vergne-Marini, T F Parker, C Y Pak, A R Hull, H F DeLuca, J S Fordtran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Calcium absorption in 30-cm segments of small intestine was measured by constant perfusion of test solutions containing different concentrations of calcium gluconate. In both the jejunum and ileum, calcium absorption rates increased progressively as luminal calcium concentration was increased stepwise between 1 and 20 mM. Although calcium transport was not saturable within these limits, unidirectional flux ratios of calcium (47Ca) suggest that calcium absorption is active in both the jejunum and ileum. Calcium absorption in patients with chronic renal disease was markedly depressed in both regions of the small intestine. This was due to decreased flux out of the lumen; flux in the reverse direction was normal. Flux ratios in the renal disease patients showed no evidence for active calcium transport. Treatment of these patients for 1 wk within 2 mug/day of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol [1alpha-(OH)-D3] restored net calcium absorption and unidirectional calcium flux out of the lumen to normal values in the jejunum; in the ileum, 1alpha-(OH)-D3 increased calcium absorption 60-83% of normal at the various luminal calcium concentrations. 1alpha(OH)-D3 had no effect on unidirectional calcium flux into the lumen or on xylose and electrolyte absorption in either area of the small intestine.
Is surgery effective for deep posterior compartment syndrome of the leg? A systematic review
Authors: Michiel B Winkes, Adwin R Hoogeveen, Marc R Scheltinga
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Results of surgery for lower leg deep posterior chronic exertional compartment syndrome (dp-CECS) are inferior compared to other types of CECS. Factors influencing suboptimal surgical results are unknown. The purpose of this systematic review was to provide a critical analysis of the existing literature on the surgical management of dp-CECS aimed at identifying parameters determining surgical results. Methods A literature search was performed using Pubmed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and CINAHL (EBSCO). Studies including surgical results for dp-CECS were systematically reviewed. Results 7 studies of level III evidence reporting on a total of 131 patients met inclusion criteria (&gt;5 patients, reporting intracompartmental pressures (ICP), clearly stating postoperative outcome). Only four studies strictly adhered to predefined ICP criteria. Cutoff ICP levels varied widely among the 7 studies. Surgical procedures ranged from a superficial crural fasciotomy to multiple fasciotomies of various deep posterior compartments. No single surgical procedure proved superior. Prolonged high ICP levels following provocation were associated with postoperative success. Success rates after fasciotomy were modest ranging from 30% to 65%. Risk factors for failure of surgery were not identified. Conclusions The quality of studies reporting on surgery for dp-CECS is poor. Prospective, controlled or randomised studies are lacking. Diagnostic criteria and surgical techniques are diverse. As functional results of current management regimes are disappointing, future studies of dp-CECS should focus on optimising diagnostic criteria and standardisation of treatment modalities.
Prognostic Value of Preoperative Serum Cell-Free Circulating DNA in Men with Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Patrick J. Bastian, Ganesh S. Palapattu, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Xiaohui Lin, Craig G. Rogers, Leslie A. Mangold, Bruce Trock, Mario Eisenberger, Alan W. Partin, William G. Nelson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

We evaluated the association of preoperative serum cell-free circulating DNA concentration in men with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence.One hundred and ninety-two men with clinically localized prostate cancer, who underwent radical prostatectomy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital and had preoperative serum available for analyses constituted our study population. All serum samples were collected before prostate biopsy or at least 4 months after prostate biopsy. The total amount of serum cell-free circulating DNA from each sample was calculated using a standard curve generated via quantitative real-time PCR. PSA recurrence was defined as a single postoperative PSA level of > or =0.2. The natural logarithm (ln) of the DNA concentration was used for statistical analyses.Of the 192 men in our study, 56 (29%) experienced PSA recurrence within the study period (median time to PSA recurrence 2 years). The median follow-up time for men free of disease at last follow-up was 3 years. The median serum cell-free DNA concentration of all men in the study was 5.3 ng/mL (mean 18.05 ng/mL; range 0.2-320 ng/mL). The mean serum DNA concentration for men who recurred and for those who did not was 3.8 +/- 34.1 and 13.7 +/- 33.6 ng/mL, respectively (P = 0.001). In a univariate analysis, ln DNA concentration was significantly associated with PSA recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-1.8; P < 0.001). In the multivariate model, ln DNA concentration was significantly associated with PSA recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.6; P = 0.003). Using bootstrap analyses, serum cell-free DNA concentrations > or =5.75 ng/mL were associated with an increased risk of PSA recurrence within 2 years of radical prostatectomy.Our study suggests that preoperative serum cell-free DNA concentration may be a useful prognostic biomarker for men with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy.
Nosocomial acquisition of Burkholderia gladioli in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: M L Wilsher, J Kolbe, A J Morris, D F Welch
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Burkholderia gladioli has been reported as colonizing the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) but has not previously been associated with adverse outcome. We describe six patients with CF in whom the same strain of B. gladioli, on the basis of ribotyping and biochemical characteristics, was grown in their sputum. Acquisition of this organism was followed by a fatal outcome in all six patients; one had a rapid decline in respiratory status and another developed fulminant B. gladioli bacteremia. Evidence suggests that patient-to-patient transmission of the organism occurred, and supports nosocomial infection in the ward and/or outpatient clinic despite general and stringent infection-control measures. This is the first report of adverse clinical outcome following sputum colonization with B. gladioli, and the first to demonstrate person-to-person transmission.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of house dust mite immunotherapy in asthmatic patients in China*1
Authors: H. Wang, C. Zhang, B. Sun, S. Li, Y. He, N. Zhong, X. Lin, W. Sun, P. Chen, C. Hao, Z. Hou, J. Sheng, A.Y. Wu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Mapping of a second recombination hot spot within the I-E region of the mouse H-2 gene complex.
Authors: W P Lafuse, N Berg, S Savarirayan, C S David
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

The crossover points of nine intra-I region recombinant mouse strains were determined by restriction fragment analysis. The recombinants were examined for the presence of k and p haplotype specific DNA restriction endonuclease sites. These restriction sites were a Sac I site between the E beta and E beta 2 genes, a Hpa I site within the E beta 2 gene, and a Rsa I site approximately 1 kb to the right of the E alpha gene. Seven of the recombinants were found to have crossovers between the Hpa I and the Rsa I site. This analysis suggests that a recombination hot spot exists within this segment. This segment is approximately 12-14 kb, and contains the E alpha gene and the intervening sequence between the E beta 2 and E alpha genes.
[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Predicts Outcome for Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors
Authors: Douglas S. Hawkins, Scott M. Schuetze, James E. Butrynski, Joseph G. Rajendran, Cheryl B. Vernon, Ernest U. Conrad, Janet F. Eary
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a significant prognostic factor for the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFTs). [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive imaging modality that accurately predicts histopathologic response in several malignancies. To determine the prognostic value of FDG PET response for progression-free survival (PFS) in ESFTs, we reviewed the University of Washington Medical Center experience.Thirty-six patients with ESFTs were evaluated by FDG PET. All patients received neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. FDG PET standard uptake values before (SUV1) and after (SUV2) chemotherapy were analyzed and correlated with chemotherapy response, as assessed by histopathology in surgically excised tumors. Thirty-four patients had both SUV1 and SUV2.The mean SUV1, SUV2, and ratio of SUV2 to SUV1 (SUV2:1) were 7.9 (range, 2.3 to 32.8), 2.1 (range, 0 to 4.3), and 0.36 (range, 0.00 to 1.00), respectively. Good FDG PET response was defined as SUV2 less than 2.5 or SUV2:1 < or = 0.5. FDG PET response by SUV2 or SUV2:1 was concordant with histologic response in 68% and 69% of patients, respectively. SUV2 was associated with outcome (4-year PFS 72% for SUV2 < 2.5 v 27% for SUV2 > or = 2.5, P = .01 for all patients; 80% for SUV2 < 2.5 v 33% for SUV2 > or = 2.5, P = .036 for localized at diagnosis patients). SUV2:1 < or = 0.5 was not predictive of PFS.FDG PET imaging of ESFTs correlates with histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. SUV2 less than 2.5 is predictive of PFS independent of initial disease stage.
Contractile performance of the hypertrophied ventricle in patients with systemic hypertension.
Authors: M Takahashi, S Sasayama, C Kawai, H Kotoura
Journal: Circulation (1980)

To assess the contractile state of the hypertrophied ventricle induced by long-standing systemic hypertension in 22 patients, we used echocardiography for the measurement of the ventricular diameter and posterior wall thickness, together with simultaneous recording of brachial arterial pressure. Meridional wall stress (WSt) was used for the expression of the force per unit cross-sectional area. The WSt-diameter relation obtained during dynamic responses to acute pressure reduction by nitroprusside infusion was compared with the same relation obtained in 10 normal subjects (posterior wall thickness averaged 0.7 cm [range 0.6-0.9 cm]) over a range of matched systolic pressure induced by methoxamine administration. In 15 patients in whom end-diastolic wall thickness increased to 1.1 cm (range 1.0-1.2 cm), the linear WSt-diameter relation at end-systole did not differ from the control group, indicating a normal level of inotropic state. In the seven patients with an end-diastolic wall thickness of 1.3 cm or more, the end-systolic WSt-diameter relation was clearly shifted to the right and had a less steep slope. These findings indicate that in advanced left ventricular hypertrophy induced by pressure overload, myocardial contractility may be depressed.
Multicentre phase II study and pharmacokinetic analysis of irinotecan in chemotherapy-naïve patients with glioblastoma
Authors: E. Raymond, M. Fabbro, V. Boige, O. Rixe, M. Frenay, G. Vassal, S. Faivre, E. Sicard, C. Germa, J.M. Rodier, L. Vernillet, J.P. Armand
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)
White-Coat Hypertension Should Not Be Treated in Subjects With Diabetes
Authors: Michael Bursztyn, Iddo Z. Ben-Dov
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Blood pressure (BP) levels in the doctor's clinic may not always reflect those of daily living, as indicated by 24-h ambulatory or self-monitoring measurements. Simple logic implies that treatment should be guided by the actual BP levels, rather than by imprecise clinic measurements. On average, BP measured in the clinic is higher than out-of-office BP. This difference occurs in a considerable number of patients with white-coat hypertension (WCH). The issue is complicated, since most studies define WCH as an elevated office BP in patients with normal awake ambulatory BP. However, the “awake” state may not fully reflect the 24-h BP load. Average 24-h BP, and particularly that during sleep, which is more likely to be higher in subjects with diabetes (1,2), could be elevated in a patient with normal awake BP. The presence of abnormal clinic BP in such a patient discloses true hypertension rather than WCH. Indeed, among 4,121 subjects referred for ambulatory BP monitoring, 4.5% had isolated abnormal sleep BP (>120/70 mmHg) and normal 24-h BP (3). Nevertheless, in this presentation, we assume that the common definition of WCH is elevated clinic readings with normal awake BP.

Assessment of WCH in diabetes is complicated by the fact that normal BP measured at the clinic is defined as <130/80 mmHg (as opposed to 140/90 mmHg in the general population), whereas there are still no accepted thresholds for ambulatory or home-based BP levels.

Characteristics unique to the white-coat response in patients with diabetes, associated prognostic implications, and the need for treatment are discussed.

The issue of prevalence is not marginal: we have found that compared with subjects without diabetes who were referred for 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, those treated for diabetes were less likely to have WCH (and more likely to have masked hypertension) (1). A similar conclusion …
The First Fifty Years in Research
Authors: Peter A. Ward
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2008)

It has been an honor for me to write the prefatory article for Volume 4 of the Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease. I decided to describe the first 50 years of my career in research, which started with my entry into medical school. I have tried to outline the numerous scientific mentors who played such an important role in my development as an independent scientific investigator. In general, I have tried to avoid mention in the text of the many, many colleagues who carried out the scientific work, as I would inevitably fail to cite many of them. Rather, I have cited what I think are my most important publications, which identify many of these scientific colleagues. I am now engaged nearly full-time in research and look forward to the next period of research progress.
Detection of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Ulceration, Calcification, and Thrombosis by Multicontrast Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Baocheng Chu, Marina S. Ferguson, Hunter Underhill, Norihide Takaya, Jianming Cai, Michel Kliot, Chun Yuan, Thomas S. Hatsukami
Journal: Circulation (2005)