tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
School based education programme to reduce salt intake in children and their families (School-EduSalt): cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: F. J. He, Y. Wu, X.-X. Feng, J. Ma, Y. Ma, H. Wang, J. Zhang, J. Yuan, C.-P. Lin, C. Nowson, G. A. MacGregor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether an education programme targeted at schoolchildren could lower salt intake in children and their families. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised controlled trial, with schools randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. <b>Setting</b> 28 primary schools in urban Changzhi, northern China. <b>Participants</b> 279 children in grade 5 of primary school, with mean age of 10.1; 553 adult family members (mean age 43.8). <b>Intervention</b> Children in the intervention group were educated on the harmful effects of salt and how to reduce salt intake within the schools' usual health education lessons. Children then delivered the salt reduction message to their families. The intervention lasted for one school term (about 3.5 months). <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was the difference between the groups in the change in salt intake (as measured by 24 hour urinary sodium excretion) from baseline to the end of the trial. The secondary outcome was the difference between the two groups in the change in blood pressure. <b>Results</b> At baseline, the mean salt intake in children was 7.3 (SE 0.3) g/day in the intervention group and 6.8 (SE 0.3) g/day in the control group. In adult family members the salt intakes were 12.6 (SE 0.4) and 11.3 (SE 0.4) g/day, respectively. During the study there was a reduction in salt intake in the intervention group, whereas in the control group salt intake increased. The mean effect on salt intake for intervention versus control group was −1.9 g/day (95% confidence interval −2.6 to −1.3 g/day; P&lt;0.001) in children and −2.9 g/day (−3.7 to −2.2 g/day; P&lt;0.001) in adults. The mean effect on systolic blood pressure was −0.8 mm Hg (−3.0 to 1.5 mm Hg; P=0.51) in children and −2.3 mm Hg (−4.5 to −0.04 mm Hg; P&lt;0.05) in adults. <b>Conclusions</b> An education programme delivered to primary school children as part of the usual curriculum is effective in lowering salt intake in children and their families. This offers a novel and important approach to reducing salt intake in a population in which most of the salt in the diet is added by consumers. <b>Trial registration</b> ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01821144.
Treatment of Pericardial Effusion With Local Corticosteroid Injections
Authors: Zbylut J. Twardowski
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Jacobs<sup>1</sup>in his letter advocates local instillation of steroids for treatment of some pericardial effusions. Contrary to his statement, the method had been used before the report of Buselmeier et al<sup>2</sup>in 1973. In 1969, we reported prolonged pericardial drainage with local instillations of small doses of hydrocortisone as a very successful technique in two uremic patients.<sup>3</sup>Similar reports were published in the early 1970s.<sup>4</sup>The method gained much popularity in the late 1970s after the first report in the American literature. However, this technique is not without a risk of introducing infection into the pericardium.<sup>5</sup>Moreover, the value of intrapericardial steroids is doubtful, since excellent results have been reported by prolonged drainage alone<sup>6</sup>and local steroids were always used in conjunction with drainage. Although I might be personally biased in favor of local steroids as a treatment of pericardial effusion,
Giant Ovarian Cyst in a Newborn Infant
Authors: William I. Neikirk, Henry W. Hudson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

OVARIAN cysts producing symptoms in early life are rare, and in the newborn infant almost unknown. Symptoms are almost invariably the result of torsion. Diagnosis is seldom made prior to operation. Doran,1 in 1888, described the post-mortem appearance of a seven-month premature infant who survived birth by a few minutes as follows:The abdomen was distended, the subcutaneous veins were prominent. The integuments above the level of the umbilicus were discolored through ecchymosis.In 1936 Haines and Edgerly2 made a review and reported cases of cysts being removed for abdominal symptoms but not for symptoms suggesting intestinal obstruction. A similar . . .
Combined Deficiency of Proapoptotic Regulators Bim and Fas Results in the Early Onset of Systemic Autoimmunity
Authors: Jack Hutcheson, John C. Scatizzi, Akbar M. Siddiqui, G. Kenneth Haines, Tianfu Wu, Quan-Zhen Li, Laurie S. Davis, Chandra Mohan, Harris Perlman
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Micronuclei-associated<i>MYC</i>amplification in the form of double minute chromosomes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Katsuya Yamamoto, Atsuo Okamura, Yukinari Sanada, Kimikazu Yakushijin, Hiroshi Matsuoka, Hironobu Minami
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)
Abstract 5739: Lifetime recreational physical activity, hormone therapy use and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women
Authors: Christina Dieli-Conwright, Jane Sullivan-Halley, Alpa Patel, Michael Press, Kathi Malone, Giske Ursin, Ronald Burkman, Brian Strom, Michael Simon, Leslie Bernstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Studies consistently demonstrate that physical activity is inversely associated with postmenopausal breast cancer. Whether the strength of this association varies with exposure to menopausal hormone therapy (HT) is clearly important given the marked decline in HT use since 2002. The Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study, a multi-center population-based case-control study of invasive breast cancer recruited white women and black women ages 35-64 years, and collected histories of lifetime exercise activity and HT use. Unconditional logistic regression models assessed possible associations between lifetime exercise activity measures (hr/wk/yr and metabolic equivalents of energy expenditure [MET]-hrs/wk/yr) and breast cancer among postmenopausal women (1908 case patients, 2013 control subjects) stratified by duration of HT use (never, ≤5 years of use, or ≥5 years of use), and current HT-use status (current use of estrogen-alone therapy [ET], current use of estrogen plus progestin therapy [EPT], or past HT use). Breast cancer risk decreased as level of physical activity increased among women who had never used HT, among women who used HT for fewer than 5 years, and among current ET users; Ptrend values ranged from 0.004 to 0.019. Despite the lack of association among long-term HT users, current EPT users, and past HT users, no statistical heterogeneity of trends was observed across duration-of-use categories or by current-use status. Although the inverse association between physical activity and breast cancer was limited to women with no HT use, short duration of HT use or current ET use, this study did not demonstrate effect modification by HT use. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5739.
Infectious complications following allogeneic HLA-identical sibling transplantation with antithymocyte globulin-based reduced intensity preparative regimen
Authors: M Mohty, W Jacot, C Faucher, J O Bay, C Zandotti, L Collet, B Choufi, K Bilger, O Tournilhac, N Vey, A M Stoppa, D Coso, J A Gastaut, P Viens, D Maraninchi, D Olive, D Blaise
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Methods of Storage Of Whole Blood
Authors: Thomas R. Kirk
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> "The Indications for Transfusion of Freshly Drawn Blood" by Harold A. Oberman, MD (<b>199</b>:93, 1967) is an excellent review of the clinical situations that require freshly drawn blood. Another currently available method of storing whole blood with no added acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) solution is the use of the blood pack 500-ml ion exchange (Fenwal, JB2). This is a cationic ion exchange resin (sodium cycle) with no nutrient or buffer. The plastic column substitutes sodium ion for calcium ion. Blood so collected can be used for six days and is especially valuable in exchange transfusions in infants and in other patients when excess citrate and low calcium levels need to be avoided. The red blood cells, the platelets, the leukocytes, the coagulation factors, and the potassium and ammonium are at least comparable to that of ACD-stored blood.
Asians and Pacific islanders in US need greater prominence in research
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objectives:</b> To compare endovascular coiling with neurosurgical clipping of ruptured basilar bifurcation aneurysms. <b>Methods:</b> Patient and aneurysm characteristics, procedural complications, and clinical and anatomical results were compared retrospectively in 44 coiled patients and 44 patients treated by clipping. The odds ratios for poor outcome (Glasgow outcome scale 1, 2, 3) adjusted for age, clinical condition, and aneurysm size were assessed by logistic regression analysis. <b>Results:</b> In the endovascular group, five patients (11%) had a poor outcome <i>v</i> 13 (30%) in the surgical group; the adjusted odds ratio for poor outcome after coiling <i>v</i> clipping was 0.28 (95% confidence interval, 0.08 to 0.99). Procedural complications were more common in the surgical group. Optimal or suboptimal occlusion of the aneurysm immediately after coiling was achieved in 41 patients (93%). Clipping was successful in 40 patients (91%). <b>Conclusions:</b> The results suggest that embolisation with coils is the preferred treatment for patients with ruptured basilar bifurcation aneurysms.
Circulatory effects of acute normovolaemic haemodilution in rats with healed myocardial infarction
Authors: H. KOBAYASHI, C. E SMITH, F. M FOUAD-TARAZI, P. WICKER, G. F ESTAFANOUS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

This study evaluated the haemodynamic response to different degrees of acute normovolaemic haemodilution with hetastarch at rest and during preload and afterload stress in 123 anaesthetised Sprague-Dawley rats divided according to cardiac status (sham operated, n = 46; no myocardial infarction, n = 47; large myocardial infarction, n = 30). Histological infarct size was 41 (SEM 2)%. Cardiac output was recorded using an electromagnetic flow probe. The preload test was achieved by rapid infusion of blood adjusted for packed cell volume, while the afterload test was achieved by an aortic clamp technique. Prior to haemodilution, rats with large myocardial infarction had lower (p less than 0.05) cardiac index, stroke volume index, left ventricular dp/dt, and oxygen delivery, and higher left ventricular end diastolic pressure compared with sham operated rats and rats with no myocardial infarction. Haemodilution to a haematocrit of 30% in all three groups resulted in a similar significant (p less than 0.05) rise in cardiac index and stroke volume index such that blood pressure was maintained despite the decrease (p less than 0.05) in peripheral resistance. Compared with sham operated rats, rats with large myocardial infarcts haemodiluted to packed cell volume of 20% had a more limited rise in cardiac index of 14 (SEM 6) v 45(12)%, p less than 0.05, and a greater fall in oxygen delivery of 50(5) v 28(9)%, p less than 0.05 which was associated with a higher left ventricular end diastolic pressure of 6.6(1.0) v 3.7(0.4) mm Hg, p less than 0.05. Following preload and afterload stress, rats with large myocardial infarcts had lower (p less than 0.05) left ventricular developed pressure, peak cardiac index and peak stroke volume index compared with sham operated rats and rats with no myocardial infarction, independent of packed cell volume. The data suggest that large myocardial infarctions impaired the ability of the left ventricle to pump blood and generate pressure. This diminished left ventricular performance was most apparent in response to preload and afterload stress and at the lowest level of haemodilution employed (packed cell volume 20%).
Pentoxifylline and Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Robert D. Mass, Alan P. Venook, Charles A. Linker, Robert E. Zipkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1987Pentoxifylline and Aplastic AnemiaROBERT D. MASS, M.D., ALAN P. VENOOK, M.D., CHARLES A. LINKER, M.D., ROBERT E. ZIPKIN, M.D.ROBERT D. MASS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALAN P. VENOOK, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CHARLES A. LINKER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT E. ZIPKIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-427_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine, has recently been advocated for the treatment of intermittent claudication caused by occlusive atherosclerotic vascular disease (1, 2). We report the cases of two patients with fatal aplastic anemia associated with the use of this drug.Patient 1:An 80-year-old woman was hospitalized with pancytopenia. Three weeks before hospitalization she began treatment with pentoxifylline, 400 mg twice a day to promote healing of leg ulcers. During the next 2 weeks she developed progressive weakness, diffuse ecchymoses, and petechiae. The hematocrit was 26%; leukocyte count, 1700/mm3; and platelet count, 38 000. Other drugs included dyazide,...References1. SPITTEL J. Pentoxifylline and intermittent claudication. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:126-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication. Med Lett Drug Ther. 1984;26:103-4. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. AVIADOPORTER DJ. Pentoxifylline: a new drug for the treatment of intermittent claudication: mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and adverse effects. Pharmacotherapy. 1984;4:297-307. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. . Risks of agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia: a first report of their relation to drug use with special reference to analgesics. JAMA. 1986;256:1749-57. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROBERT D. MASS, M.D.; ALAN P. VENOOK, M.D.; CHARLES A. LINKER, M.D.; ROBERT E. ZIPKIN, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEffects of Pentoxifylline on the Haematologic Status in Anaemic Patients with Advanced Renal FailurePentoxifylline-induced thrombocytopeniaPeripheral arterial diseasePentoxifyllineDiagnosis and management of occlusive peripheral arterial disease 1 September 1987Volume 107, Issue 3Page: 427-428KeywordsAplastic anemiaDrugsHematocritHospitalizationsMethylxanthinePlateletsUlcersVascular diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Processes of Insuring Drug Safety.
Authors: Walter Modell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964The Processes of Insuring Drug Safety.Walter Modell, M.D.Walter Modell, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-801_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe processes of insuring drug safety may be divided into search, discovery, documentation, and trial by ordeal. In spite of the very extensive procedures involved and the considered judgments of experts in the pharmaceutical industry, the academic community and the Food and Drug Administration, unfortunate experiences nevertheless occur when drugs are used in widespread medical practice. This paper gives reasons and suggests ways of ameliorating the problem.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 801-801KeywordsDrug administrationDrug safetyDrugsFood and Drug Administration Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
NHS trusts are taken to task over lax treatment of personal data
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The UK information commissioner has written to the Department of Health to demand that action be taken over the lax treatment of personal data in the NHS.

Between January and April this year the Information Commissioner’s Office reported 140 security breaches in the NHS, which was more than the total number from inside central government (53 breaches) and all local authorities (60 breaches) combined. Some 58 breaches in security involved stolen data or hardware, and 43 involved lost data or hardware.

Speaking to the Independent newspaper on Monday 25 May Mick Gorrill, the assistant commissioner in charge of enforcement, said there was a “cavalier attitude” to information in the …
Abstract 1128: The role of peptide deformylase in the apoptosis of c-Myc overexpressing cancers
Authors: Aneesh Sheth, Sindy Escobar-Alvarez, Leili Ran, Jeffery Gardner, David A. Scheinberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In prokaryotes, the removal of an N-terminal formyl group by the peptide deformylase is required for post-translational protein processing. Our identification of human mitochondrial PDF (HsPDF) and deformylated peptides in the mitochondria shows that a similar post-translational processing of the 13 human mitochondrial DNA-encoded, and formylated, proteins can occur. Inhibition of HsPDF reduced proliferation of many human cancer lines. We developed a monoclonal antibody to hsPDF; profiling of cancer and normal cell lines by three immunoassays, flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation and in-cell western, showed over-expression of HsPDF in cancer cell lines. This data was confirmed at the mRNA level by RT-PCR. As the c-myc oncogene regulates mitochondria and metabolism in cancer, we investigated its role in regulating HsPDF. In a tet-off c-myc cell line, the expression of HsPDF was regulated by c-myc; inhibiting this protein resulted in the selective inhibition of mitochondrial protein translation, and eventual death of myc-positive, but not myc-negative cells. Furthmore, knocking down c-myc in a Burkitt's Lymphoma cell line significantly reduced the expression of both the mRNA and the protein levels of HsPDF relative to beta-Actin. The mechanism of death by actinonin was apoptosis in two c-myc over-expressing cell lines. Death was initiated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, followed by inhibition of mitochondrial translation, and eventually caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. To confirm the specificity of PDF in cell death, we used two other hydroxamic acid peptidomimetics that do not target HsPDF. These compounds did not result in apoptotic death. Furthermore, inhibition of translation of the mitochondrial DNA by chloramphenicol and tetracycline, two structurally different inhibitors of the mitochondrial ribosome, which is upstream of deformylation, followed by treatment with actinonin resulted in a delay and marked reduction in apoptosis by actinonin, but not by staurosporine and the HDAC inhibitors SAHA and Trichostatin A. Thus, death was not a result of ATP depletion, but a unique PDF-mediated mechanism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1128. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1128
4-Hydroxybenzyl-substituted amino acid derivatives from Gastrodia elata
Authors: Qinglan Guo, Yanan Wang, Sheng Lin, Chenggen Zhu, Minghua Chen, Zhibo Jiang, Chengbo Xu, Dan Zhang, Huailing Wei, Jiangong Shi
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

Seven new 4-hydroxybenzyl-substituted amino acid derivatives (1-7), together with 11 known compounds, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the rhizomes of Gastrodia elata Blume. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compounds 1-3 are pyroglutamate derivatives containing 4-hydroxybenzyl units at the N atom and 4-7 are the first examples of natural products with the 4-hydroxybenzyl unit linked via a thioether bond to 2-hydroxy-3-mercaptopropanoic acid (4-6) and 2-hydroxy-4-mercaptobutanoic acid (7), which would be biogenetically derived from cysteine and homocysteine, respectively. The structures of 1 and 2 were verified by synthesis, while the absolute configurations of 4, 5 and 7 were assigned using Mosher's method based on the MPA determination rule of Δδ RS values. The known compound 4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-nitrobenzene-1,2-diol (8) exhibited activity against Fe(2+)-cysteine induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation with IC50 values of 9.99×10(-6) mol/L.
The role of the aviation medical examiner in aircraft disasters
Authors: M. S. White
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Aircraft disasters are fortunately few. Airplane L crashes involve far fewer individuals than the numbers commonly associated with the word "disaster." Nevertheless, aircraft accidents should be included in a community disaster plan. The possible role of the Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) in such plans merits consideration. <h3>Nature of Aircraft Accidents</h3> Major aviation accidents, while receiving a disproportionate share of the headlines, are relatively rare. United States carriers have the most outstanding safety record of those of any nation. For example, in 1964 US airlines, with approximately 2,000 aircraft carrying over 80 million passengers for over 50 billion passenger miles, had 77 accidents, nine of which produced fatalities. In these nine accidents, 200 persons were killed. In this same period, in general aviation, which includes approximately 85,000 aircraft used in private business, pleasure, and sport flying, there were 403 fatal accidents in which 930 persons were killed. Aircraft accidents usually result