tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute portal vein thrombosis unrelated to cirrhosis: A prospective multicenter follow-up study
Authors: Aurelie Plessier, Sarwa Darwish-Murad, Manuel Hernandez-Guerra, Yann Consigny, Federica Fabris, Jonel Trebicka, Jorg Heller, Isabelle Morard, Luc Lasser, Philippe Langlet, Marie-Hélène Denninger, Dominique Vidaud, Bertrand Condat, Antoine Hadengue, Massimo Primignani, Juan-Carlos Garcia-Pagan, Harry L. A. Janssen, Dominique Valla
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Current recommendations for early anticoagulation in acute portal vein thrombosis unrelated to cirrhosis or malignancy are based on limited evidence. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the risk factors, outcome, and prognosis in patients managed according to these recommendations. We enrolled 102 patients with acute thrombosis of the portal vein, or its left or right branch. Laboratory investigations for prothrombotic factors were centralized. Thrombus extension and recanalization were assessed by expert radiologists. A local risk factor was identified in 21% of patients, and one or several general prothrombotic conditions in 52%. Anticoagulation was given to 95 patients. After a median of 234 days, the portal vein and its left or right branch were patent in 39% of anticoagulated patients (versus 13% initially), the splenic vein in 80% (versus 57% initially), and the superior mesenteric vein in 73% (versus 42% initially). Failure to recanalize the portal vein was independently related to the presence of ascites (hazard ratio 3.8, 95% confidence interval 1.3-11.1) and an occluded splenic vein (hazard ratio 3.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4–8.9). Gastrointestinal bleeding and intestinal infarction occurred in nine and two patients, respectively. Two patients died from causes unrelated to thrombosis or anticoagulation therapy. Conclusion: Recanalization occurs in one-third of patients receiving early anticoagulation for acute portal vein thrombosis, whereas thrombus extension, intestinal infarction, severe bleeding, and death are rare. Alternative therapy should be considered when ascites and splenic vein obstruction are present. (Hepatology 2009.)
A study on coronary hemodynamics during acetylcholine-induced coronary spasm in patients with variant angina: Endothelium-dependent dilation in the resistance vessels
Authors: Ken Okumura, Hirofumi Yasue, Kozaburo Matsuyama, Hisao Ogawa, Kiyotaka Kugiyama, Naritsugu Sakaino, Hiroshige Yamabe, Etsuo Morita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Grand Challenges in Global Health: Community Engagement in Research in Developing Countries
Authors: Paulina O Tindana, Jerome A Singh, C. Shawn Tracy, Ross E. G Upshur, Abdallah S Daar, Peter A Singer, Janet Frohlich, James V Lavery
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Health (GCGH) initiative, discussed in the fi rst article in this series [3], we are exploring a range of ESC issues identifi ed by the GCGH investigators and developing world key informants, discussed in the second article in this series [4]. The investigators and key informants placed particular emphasis upon the importance of community engagement, and therefore we prepared a conceptual paper on this topic, which we distributed as a working paper to GCGH investigators and program staff at the 2nd Annual GCGH Meeting. In this article, we summarize this conceptual paper. We fi rst examine the concept of CE in research in developing countries, then we describe published models of CE, and fi nally we discuss two relevant examples of CE in research from Africa. What Is a Community?
The State and the Mentally III: A History of Worcester State Hospital in Massachusetts, 1830-1920
Authors: MARJORIE C. MEEHAN
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Now is a good time, when large state mental hospitals are being widely attacked, to study how they developed their present form. The Worcester (Mass) State Hospital is one of the oldest and most outstanding. Its history, although in many respects unique, demonstrates the problems and vicissitudes characteristic of these institutions. In the 1820's, the humane and optimistic ideas of Pinel, Tuke, and Rush were replacing old theories about mental illness. At the same time, population growth and urbanization were increasing the number of mentally ill and the difficulties in their care. In these circumstances the Massachusetts legislature, persuaded by reformers like Horace Mann, authorized the erection of a lunatic asylum for 120 patients. The hospital opened in 1833 and under Superintendent Woodward soon became a model. Moral and medical treatment were carried out eagerly, and there was determined effort to cure and discharge patients. Between 1833 and 1846, 2,583
Abstract 3223: Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of lactate in LDH-A silenced metastatic breast tumors
Authors: Asif Rizwan, Inna Serganova, Xiaohui Ni, Sunitha Thakur, Kristen L. Zakian, Ronald Blasberg, Jason Koutcher
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glucose and glutamine are the major carbon sources for rapidly proliferating tumors. They provide the precursors for proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and as well as metabolic-reducing capability (NADPH). Pyruvate is mainly derived from glucose and glutamine metabolism and can be converted to lactate by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) complex or enter the TCA cycle for conversion to CO2 and ATP. Recently, a link between tumor lactate levels (monitored by MRSI), LDH-A expression and tumor phenotype has been demonstrated (Serganova I. et al., 2011). We hypothesize that tumor lactate levels monitored by MRSI will reflect LDH-A enzymatic activity, tumor “aggressiveness” and the propensity for developing metastases. The current study employs 4T1 cells bearing the stable produced LDH-A shRNA to down regulate the level of LDH-A expression. LDH-A silenced and control 4T1 breast cancer cells were injected into the mammary fat pad of athymic nu/nu female mice (5 mice for each group). The in vivo growth rate of the LDH-A silenced tumors was significantly slower than that of control tumors; the average doubling time of the LDH-A silenced tumors was 1.5 fold higher than control tumors (p&amp;lt;0.01). The lactate signal was acquired using a selective multiple-quantum coherence transfer (SelMQC) editing sequence in combination with chemical shift imaging (CSI) (He Q. et al., 1995). The tumors were scanned at small (∼100 mm3) and larger (∼300 mm3) volumes and in vivo lactate concentration was measured. The LDH-A silenced tumors produce less lactate, ∼ 6 mM at small volumes and ∼ 3 mM at larger volumes, whereas the control tumors produce ∼ 11 mM at small, and ∼7 mM at larger volumes. Preliminary results suggest that high tumor lactate concentrations are linked with a greater propensity to develop metastases. Studies evaluating metastatic burden are ongoing. We suggest that LDH-A expression and tumor lactate levels may be potential markers of elevated metastatic potential. In addition, MRSI might offer a noninvasive approach for assessing tumor progression and metastatic potential. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3223. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3223
β-Blockers and Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients With High Blood Pressure
Authors: Bruce M. Psaty, Thomas D. Koepsell, James P. LoGerfo, Edward H. Wagner, Thomas S. Inui
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We conducted a population-based, case-control study to determine whether β-blockers, used for the treatment of hypertension, prevent first events of coronary heart disease. Cases were patients who had high blood pressure treated with medicines and who presented in 1982 to 1984 with angina or fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Controls were a probability sample of health maintenance organization patients with pharmacologically treated hypertension and free of coronary heart disease. Blinded to case-control status, we reviewed the medical records of the 248 cases and 737 controls. The health maintenance organization's computerized pharmacy database was used to ascertain the use of β-blockers. Fewer cases than controls were taking β-blockers. This difference was confined to those with nonfatal infarctions. After adjustment for confounding, the estimated relative risk was 0.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.39 to 0.99). Higher doses of β-blockers conferred greater protection. We conclude that β-blockers may prevent first events of nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with high blood pressure.  ( JAMA . 1989;261:2087-2094)
Silicone Breast Implants and Renal Contrast Agent: Iatrogenic Sources of “Increased” Bone Density
Authors: MOZAFAREDDIN K. KARIMEDDINI, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Two patients with iatrogenic increase of apparent bone density are described. A 61-year-old woman had an increase related to silicone breast implants, which produced increased density in the rib area. A 30-year-old woman had an increase caused by a renal contrast study before the bone density examination. Two days later, results from a repeat test showed that the extravertebral density had cleared.
MicroRNA-145 Targeted Therapy Reduces Atherosclerosis
Authors: Fina Lovren, Yi Pan, Adrian Quan, Krishna K. Singh, Praphulla C. Shukla, Nandini Gupta, Brent M. Steer, Alistair J. Ingram, Milan Gupta, Mohammed Al-Omran, Hwee Teoh, Philip A. Marsden, Subodh Verma
Journal: Circulation (2012)

MicroRNA are essential posttranscriptional modulators of gene expression implicated in various chronic diseases. Because microRNA-145 is highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and regulates VSMC fate and plasticity, we hypothesized that it may be a novel regulator of atherosclerosis and plaque stability.Apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE(-/-)) mice were treated with either a microRNA-145 lentivirus under the control of the smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific promoter SM22α or a SM22α control lentivirus before commencing the Western diet for 12 weeks. The SMC-targeted microRNA-145 treatment markedly reduced plaque size in aortic sinuses, ascending aortas, and brachiocephalic arteries. It also significantly increased fibrous cap area, reduced necrotic core area, and increased plaque collagen content. Cellular plaque composition analyses revealed significantly less macrophages in ApoE(-/-) mice treated with the SMC-specific microRNA-145. These mice also demonstrated marked increases in calponin levels and α-smooth muscle actin-positive SMC areas in their atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, lentiviral delivery of microRNA-145 resulted in reduced KLF4 and elevated myocardin expression in aortas from ApoE(-/-) mice, consistent with an effect of microRNA-145 to promote a contractile phenotype in VSMC.VSMC-specific overexpression of microRNA-145 is a novel in vivo therapeutic target to limit atherosclerotic plaque morphology and cellular composition, shifting the balance toward plaque stability vs plaque rupture.
Acute Cutaneous Complications and Catheter Needle Colonization During Insulin-Pump Treatment
Authors: Ernst Chantelau, Gisela Lange, Gabriele E Sonnenberg, Michael Berger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Forty unselected type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with insulin pumps were examined three times for cutaneous complications and bacterial colonization of their subcutaneous catheter needles. Fifty-eight of the 120 needles were contaminated, 42 of them with Staphylococcus epidermis. Cutaneous complications, i.e, erythema of ≥ 1-mm diam at the needle-insertion site, were seen with similar frequency. Significantly fewer (P &amp;lt; .001) cutaneous complications and contaminated needles were found when a disinfectant was sprayed on the skin before insertion of the needle. The results indicate that infection along the indwelling subcutaneous needle contributes substantially to cutaneous complications during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and that these complications can successfully be prevented by appropriate antiseptic measures.
Unique Appearance of the Duodenal Papilla in Pancreatic Cystadenocarcinoma
Authors: P. E. T. Isaacs
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

Cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas is uncommon, but should be positively identified and distinguished from other cystic lesions of the pancreas because of its good surgical prognosis in comparison with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. I report two cases of cystadenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas, in which a previously undescribed abnormal appearance of the duodenal papilla was characteristic.
Lower prevalence of reported asthma in adolescents with symptoms of rhinitis that received neonatal BCG
Authors: S. S. da Cunha, A. A. Cruz, I. Dourado, M. L. Barreto, L. D. A. Ferreira, L. C. Rodrigues
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: BCG is a vaccine used against tuberculosis and leprosy and is an immunostimulant that primes T H 1 lymphocytes to produce cytokines that antagonize atopy both in animal models and in man. Considering that atopy is the main risk factor for asthma, one can hypothesize that vaccination inducing T H 1 responses, such as BCG, can be protective against asthma. Methods: Objective: To estimate the association between neonatal BCG vaccination and prevalence of asthma among adolescents. Study design: Cross‐sectional study with schoolchildren aged 12–16 years. The presence of a scar compatible with BCG was used as a surrogate of neonatal vaccination. A self administered structured questionnaire was prepared based on that used by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. The prevalence of asthma was categorized according to the report of lifetime wheeze, lifetime asthma, lifetime asthma among those referring allergy and among those referring allergy and sneezing. Results: Neonatal BCG vaccination was not associated with the overall prevalence of reported wheezing or asthma. However, in the subgroup reporting current allergy and sneezing, neonatal BCG was associated with a 37% reduction of prevalence of lifetime asthma. Conclusions: In the population we surveyed, neonatal BCG scar was associated with a reduction in the risk of asthma only in individuals with a past history suggestive of allergic rhinitis.
Is NOS uncoupling the missing link between atrial fibrillation and chronic non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy?
Authors: H. J. Crijns, U. Schotten, A. L. Moens
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Nishijima et al. 1 recently published an article in Cardiovascular Research in which they described the effects of a treatment with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and the NOS substrate l-arginine on atrial electrophysiological and morphological properties and atrial fibrillation (AF) inducibility in dogs undergoing rapid ventricular pacing. In this model, they provide some experimental evidence for atrial oxidative stress by depletion of BH4 and uncoupling of inducible NOS (iNOS, NOS2). Furthermore, modulation of iNOS activity by administration of its cofactor BH4 could reduce the frequency of atrial arrhythmias during heart failure. The data of Nishijima et al. suggest that oxidative stress might be a clinically relevant target to treat or prevent AF in patients with heart failure. Despite the obvious importance of the study, we do have some methodological remarks.

First, the authors …
Mycoplasma hominis septicaemia.
Authors: H Friis, A Plesner, J Scheibel, T Justesen, K Lind
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Mycoplasma hominis septicaemia occurred in a patient with a malignant lymphoma of lymphoblastic type in leukaemic phase. M hominis was isolated several times from blood cultures with antibody titres against the micro-organism rising to a high level despite severe immunosuppression. M hominis was detected in the blood after subculture of the blood culture bottles despite their macroscopically normal appearance. The patient9s pyrexia resolved without treatment with antibiotics effective against M hominis.
Comparative effects of helium-oxygen and external positive end-expiratory pressure on respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and ventilation-perfusion relationships in mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Philippe Jolliet, Christine Watremez, Jean Roeseler, J. C. Ngengiyumva, Marc de Kock, Thierry Clerbaux, Didier Tassaux, Marc Reynaert, Bruno Detry, Giuseppe Liistro
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2003)
In vivo characterization of the tachykinin receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect of tachykinins in two inbred rat strains.
Authors: G F Joos, J C Kips, R A Pauwels
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Three receptors for the tachykinins, NK1, NK2, and NK3, have been defined pharmacologically and have been cloned. We previously demonstrated that in Fisher 344 (F344) rats neurokinin A (NKA) and substance P (SP) cause bronchoconstriction mainly by indirect mechanisms that involve both cholinergic nerves and mast cells. Preliminary results suggested that in a less responsive strain, the BDE strain, tachykinins did not activate airway mast cells. We have now compared in F344 and BDE rats the airway effects of the tachykinins SP and NKA with those of specific NK1 and NK2 receptor agonists and have studied the effect of potent and specific nonpeptide NK1 and NK2 receptor antagonists on NKA-induced airway effects. Lung resistance (RL) and serotonin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL 5HT) were measured in anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated, rats. In contrast to F344 rats, BDE rats were less sensitive to SP and NKA challenge, and no subsequent increase in BAL 5HT was observed. In F344 rats, the specific NK1 receptor agonists, [Sar9, Met(O2)11]SP and Ac[Arg6,Sar9,Met(O2)11]SP(6-11), caused a dose-dependent bronchoconstriction and increase in BAL 5HT comparable to those of NKA and SP. The NK1 receptor agonists had no effect in BDE rats. The NK2 receptor agonist [beta Ala8]NKA(4-10) caused a small, dose-dependent increase in RL in the F344 as well as in the BDE rat, but it had no effect on BAL 5HT. The NK1 receptor antagonists RP 67580 and CP 96,345 significantly reduced the increase in RL and BAL 5HT caused by NKA in the F344 rat, but they had no effect on the NKA-induced bronchoconstriction in the BDE rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Postoperative Diuresis Renography and Ultrasound in Patients Undergoing Pyeloplasty Predictors of Surgical Outcome
Authors: M G NESTE, R P DU CRET, D E FINLAY, S SANE, R GONZALEZ, R J BOUDREAU, C C KUNI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

The authors reviewed 50 pediatric patients (56 renal units) who underwent pyeloplasty and had serial preoperative and postoperative diuresis renogram and ultrasound studies. Of those patients that clinically improved with surgery, 73% and 91% showed improved renographic patterns in postoperative studies at 3 and 12 months, respectively. Ultrasound demonstrated more gradual improvement in grade and pelvic diameters over longer study intervals. Diuresis renography is an excellent predictor of surgical outcome within 3 months of pyeloplasty and showed change well in advance of that seen on ultrasound. Sonography is better suited to longer term evaluation of grade, pelvic diameter, and renal size.
Deception among smokers.
Authors: R W Sillett, M B Wilson, R E Malcolm, K P Ball
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Subjects in two different clinical trials who had been advised to stop smoking were asked if they had done so. Some 22% of subjects (11 out of 51) in the first trial and 40% (33/82) in the second trial who said they had stopped smoking were found to have raised carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations. Deception appears to be common in people trying to stop smoking.
Cholera and Other Vibrioses in the United States
Authors: J. Glenn Morris, Robert E. Black
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

CHOLERA is no stranger to the United States. Cases were identified in this country during four of the seven worldwide cholera pandemics that have occurred since 1817: over 150,000 Americans died in 1832 and 1849 when the protracted second cholera pandemic twice visited the United States; 50,000 died in 1866 during the fourth pandemic; and cases were reported in New York and Massachusetts in 1911, during the sixth pandemic.1 2 3 Within the past decade cases have again been reported in the United States,4 5 6 7 and cholera is now apparently endemic along the U.S. Gulf Coast.6 Vibrio species other than Vibrio cholerae have . . .
Fortification of flour likely to halve neural tube defects, says CDC
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Targets set by US health authorities to increase the folic acid intake among women have been exceeded. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found in its 1999 national health and nutrition examination survey that the average level of folic acid in the blood of US women of childbearing age almost tripled, from 6.3 ng/ml to 16.2 ng/ml (14.3 nmol/l to 36.7 nmol/l) in …
DNA of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 in Dysplastic and Malignant Lesions of the Conjunctiva and Cornea
Authors: Jan M. McDonnell, Anton J. Mayr, W.John Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Human papillomaviruses are receiving attention for their role in the pathogenesis of cancer, especially cancer of the anogenital tract. Although strains of human papillomavirus are associated with benign lesions of the conjunctiva, their association with conjunctival dysplastic lesions and carcinomas has remained unclear. We examined a group of neoplastic lesions of the conjunctiva for the presence of DNA sequences for human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, using in vitro gene amplification with the polymerase chain reaction. Tissue specimens of five conjunctival dysplastic lesions and one invasive carcinoma and swab specimens of the mucosa of both corneas of a patient with unilateral corneal dysplasia contained DNA sequences related to human papillomavirus type 16. All dysplastic specimens examined were positive for DNA sequences. Viral DNA was not detected in six control specimens from patients with conjunctival melanoma, papilloma, nevus, or pterygium. We conclude that DNA from human papillomavirus type 16 is present in a substantial percentage of conjunctival premalignant and malignant lesions. It may play a part in the development of conjunctival dysplasia and carcinoma, as it does in cancers of certain other body sites. (N Engl J Med 1989;320:1442–6.)
The Resemblance between Sarcoidosis with Hypercalcaemia and Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: P. Ellman, A. M. Parfitt
Journal: BMJ (1960)

The following is a case report of an adolescent with mental retardation who had congenital aural atresia with contralateral congenital facial palsy. She developed multiple intracranial complications (cerebellar abscess and lateral sinus thrombosis) due to cholesteatoma. We managed her in a multidisciplinary approach. This report discusses case management, emphasising the meticulous intraoperative steps taken in identifying the landmarks and precautions adopted to avoid postoperative facial palsy and other complications.
Improvement in Cardiac Energetics by Perhexiline in Heart Failure Due to Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Roger M. Beadle, Lynne K. Williams, Michael Kuehl, Sarah Bowater, Khalid Abozguia, Francisco Leyva, Zaheer Yousef, Anton J.M. Wagenmakers, Frank Thies, John Horowitz, Michael P. Frenneaux
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2015)
Protection of chimpanzees from high-dose heterologous HIV-1 challenge by DNA vaccination
Authors: Jean D. Boyer, Kenneth E. Ugen, Bin Wang, Michael Agadjanyan, Lori Gilbert, Mark L. Bagarazzi, Michael Chattergoon, Patrice Frost, Ali Javadian, Williams V. Williams, Yosef Refaeli, Richard B. Ciccarelli, Daniel Mccallus, Leslie coney, David B. Weiner
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)