tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adherence to guidelines' empirical antibiotic recommendations and community-acquired pneumonia outcome
Authors: P. G. Dambrava, A. Torres, X. Vallès, J. Mensa, M. A. Marcos, G. Peñarroja, M. Camps, R. Estruch, M. Sánchez, R. Menéndez, M. S. Niederman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The American Thoracic Society (ATS) published guidelines for the treatment and management of community-acquired pneumonia in 2001, but the impact of adherence on outcomes such as mortality and length of stay is not well defined. A study of 780 patients with community-acquired pneumonia consecutively admitted to hospital over 1 yr was carried out. Nursing home patients were excluded. Overall adherence to antibiotics recommended in the ATS guidelines was 84%. The lowest adherence was found in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (52%), especially those at risk of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATS group IVb). However, very few patients from this group were indeed infected with P. aeruginosa. This could be explained by the exclusion of the nursing home patients. There was a difference in mortality between patients that received adherent and nonadherent regimens (3 versus 10.6%). There was a difference in length of stay between patients receiving adherent and nonadherent regimens (7.6 versus 10.4 days). This result was confirmed on multivariate analysis. Adherence to the 2001 American Thoracic Society guidelines was high except in community-acquired pneumonia patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Length of stay was shorter in patients who received adherent rather than nonadherent antibiotic regimens.
Development of a reservoir-type transdermal enantioselective-controlled delivery system for racemic propranolol using a molecularly imprinted polymer composite membrane
Authors: Roongnapa Suedee, Chatchada Bodhibukkana, Naruedom Tangthong, Chomchan Amnuaikit, Sanae Kaewnopparat, Teerapol Srichana
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
PNEUMOCOCCAL WOUND INFECTION: Notes on Two Cases
Authors: B. Muir
Journal: BMJ (1925)

MEDICAL JoU_N&LNo post-mortem examination was possible until the next day, when the following changes were found.Lelngs.-The right lung was studded with caseous tuiberculous masses, some an inch in diameter.There were pleural adhesions at both apices.Hcart.-Weight 7 oz.No macroscopic changes were seen.Lit-er and Pancreas.-Nonaked-eye changes were seen, but su-bsequent microscopic cxamination of the pancreas showed exten- sive fibrosis in which no islet tissue was visible.Other ductless glainds slhowed no changes.Glycogcen Contents.-Theamount of glycogen was determined in the heart, liver, and muscles by Pfluiger's method rather more than twelve hours after death had taken place.Considering the glycogenolysis that must have taken place in this time and the fact that he was a severe diabetic, the figures of 0.014 per cent.for muscle, of 0.028 per cent.for myocardium, and of 0.04 per cent.for liver are perhaps suggestive of what happens to circulating glucose in insulin hypoglycaemia.Brain7.-This was definitely " wet "; the pia, mater showed areas of milkiness, but there was no evidence of basal meningitis.In making this record of the two cases I am greatly indebted to my colleague, Dr. L. Cunningham, with whom all the biochemical work was don-e; also to my late house- phlsician, Dr.
Beneficial psychological effects of a probiotic formulation (<i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i>R0052 and<i>Bifidobacterium longum</i>R0175) in healthy human volunteers
Authors: Michaël Messaoudi, Nicolas Violle, Jean-François Bisson, Didier Desor, Hervé Javelot, Catherine Rougeot
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

In a recent clinical study, we demonstrated in the general population that Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (PF) taken in combination for 30 days decreased the global scores of hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADs), and the global severity index of the Hopkins symptoms checklist (HSCL-90), due to the decrease of the sub-scores of somatization, depression and anger-hostility spheres. Therefore, oral intake of PF showed beneficial effects on anxiety and depression related behaviors in human volunteers. From there, it is interesting to focus on the role of this probiotic formulation in the subjects with the lowest urinary free cortisol levels at baseline.This addendum presents a secondary analyse of the effects of PF in a sub-population of 25 subjects with urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels less than 50 ng/ml at baseline, on psychological distress based on the percentage of change of the perceived stress scale (PSs), the HADs and the HSCL-90 scores between baseline and follow-up. The data show that PF improves the same scores as in the general population (the HADs global score, the global severity index of the HSCL-90 and three of its sub-scores, i.e. somatization, depression and anger-hostility), as well as the PSs score and three other sub-scores of the HSCL-90, i.e. "obsessive compulsive", "anxiety", and "paranoid-ideation". Moreover, in the HSCL-90, the score of the Factor 1, related to anxiety and depression, is significantly improved over time in PF-treated subjects compared with controls.Additional preclinical data showed that PF formulation does not induce side effects such as addiction or learning and memory impairments, and therefore displays a good safety profile.Complementary hypothetical mechanisms of action are proposed to explain the functioning of the brain-gut axis, particularly the relationship between probiotics and stress-related psychopathologies, such as anxiety and depression.
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Activation With Pioglitazone Improves Endothelium-Dependent Dilation in Nondiabetic Patients With Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Umberto Campia, Linda A. Matuskey, Julio A. Panza
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Patients with cardiovascular risk factors have endothelial dysfunction, a key element in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The thiazolidinediones have been shown to exert multiple antiatherosclerotic actions in diabetic patients. This study tested the hypothesis that pioglitazone improves endothelial function in nondiabetic patients with major risk factors.The study had a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Eighty patients with either hypertension or hypercholesterolemia were enrolled. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), and patients were further classified as insulin sensitive or insulin resistant. In each treatment phase, patients received either pioglitazone 45 mg daily or placebo for 8 weeks. Endothelial function and laboratory tests were performed at the end of each 8-week period. Treatment with pioglitazone significantly lowered plasma insulin (-22.9%; P<0.001), improved QUICKI insulin sensitivity index (3.7%; P<0.001), increased HDL cholesterol (8.2%; P<0.001), and reduced triglycerides (-15.1%; P=0.003), free fatty acids (-14%; P=0.005), and C-reactive protein (-28.6%; P=0.001). Pioglitazone treatment significantly improved endothelium-dependent dilation to bradykinin (P=0.01) without affecting the response to sodium nitroprusside (P=0.31). In multivariable analysis, only changes in total cholesterol were predictors of improved endothelial reactivity with pioglitazone.In nondiabetic patients with cardiovascular risk factors, pioglitazone treatment enhances insulin sensitivity, decreases C-reactive protein, and improves endothelial vasodilator function. These effects do not appear to be closely related, suggesting that pioglitazone may have beneficial vascular properties independent of its effect on insulin sensitivity and inflammation.
Congenital Volkmann Syndrome and Aplasia Cutis of the Forearm
Authors: Iria Neri, Michela Magnano, Antonella Pini, Lorenza Ricci, Annalisa Patrizi, Riccardo Balestri
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Differential diagnosis between congenital Volkmann ischemic contracture (CVIC) and unilateral aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) type VII of the forearm presents a clinical challenge. Both diseases share the same clinical presentation characterized by a stellate ulceration over the upper extremities and reported association with neuromuscular defects, but the diagnostic criteria to differentiate these 2 entities remain unclear.A newborn girl presented with an ulceration of the left forearm associated with an apparent neurological impairment. On the basis of the suspected neurological involvement, a diagnosis of CVIC was initially considered, but because the neurological evaluation excluded paralysis, our final diagnosis was ACC type VII.In our opinion, CVIC should be considered a particular form of ACC in which an external noxa affects the forearm, increasing the intracompartmental pressure and leading to muscle and nerve ischemia. Therefore, we propose that the definition of Volkmann ischemic contracture should be maintained only for the acquired forms with an evident etiology and that Frieden's classification scheme for ACC type VII needs to be reformulated.
Critical Role for NALP3/CIAS1/Cryopyrin in Innate and Adaptive Immunity through Its Regulation of Caspase-1
Authors: Fayyaz S. Sutterwala, Yasunori Ogura, Marian Szczepanik, Maria Lara-Tejero, G. Scott Lichtenberger, Ethan P. Grant, John Bertin, Anthony J. Coyle, Jorge E. Galán, Philip W. Askenase, Richard A. Flavell
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Bradycardia Induces Angiogenesis, Increases Coronary Reserve, and Preserves Function of the Postinfarcted Heart
Authors: Li Lei, Ruifeng Zhou, Wei Zheng, Lance P. Christensen, Robert M. Weiss, Robert J. Tomanek
Journal: Circulation (2004)

We tested the hypothesis that induction of chronic bradycardia would trigger an upregulation of key growth factors and receptors, which would then lead to angiogenesis and improve coronary reserve in the left ventricle after myocardial infarction.Bradycardia was induced in rats by administering alinidine via osmotic pumps beginning 1 day after coronary artery ligation. Echocardiographic analysis was conducted before and after treatment. Morphometric analysis was used in perfusion-fixed hearts to document arteriolar and capillary growth. Western blots were used to evaluate growth factor and receptor changes. During the first week of treatment, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 1 (Flt-1), and basic fibroblast growth factor proteins were higher in the treated group, whereas VEGF receptor 2 (Flk-1), angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2 were not affected by treatment. After 3 weeks, VEGF protein remained elevated, and bradycardia was associated with a higher capillary length density in the border (40%) and remote (14%) regions and a higher arteriolar length density in the septum (62%), despite a greater increase in left ventricular mass. Although arteriolar length density increased in all size classes, the greatest increase occurred in the smallest (terminal) arterioles. This vascular growth was associated with a 23% greater coronary reserve. Echocardiography revealed a smaller increase in ventricular volume and a greater preservation of ejection fraction in rats treated with bradycardia.Pharmacologic induction of bradycardia enhances vascularity and coronary reserve, preserves function of surviving myocardium, and therefore, is a noninvasive, therapeutic avenue that provides an alternative to gene therapy.
Familial aggregation of psoriatic arthritis
Authors: V Chandran, C T Schentag, J E Brockbank, F J Pellett, S Shanmugarajah, S M A Toloza, P Rahman, D D Gladman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> The aim of this study was to determine the recurrence risk of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and uncomplicated psoriasis in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with PsA. <h3>Methods:</h3> All available FDRs (full siblings, parents and children) of 100 consecutive consenting patients attending a PsA clinic were evaluated for the presence of psoriasis and PsA using a standard protocol. The protocol included a screening questionnaire, physical examination by a rheumatologist, and radiographic and laboratory assessment. The prevalence of PsA and psoriasis in FDRs of the index cases was determined, and the recurrence risk ratio (λ) was calculated, assuming a population prevalence of PsA of 0.25%, and a population prevalence of psoriasis of 2%. <h3>Results:</h3> The 100 probands had 533 relatives. Eighty-four of them were deceased and 53 were unavailable (age &lt;16 years). Of the remaining 396 FDRs, 107 did not participate (living too far away/did not consent). Thus, 289/396 (73%) of the available FDRs participated in the study. There were 130 siblings, 108 parents and 51 children. The prevalence of PsA and psoriasis among FDRs was 7.6% and 15.2%, respectively. The λ<sub>1 </sub>was 30.4 for PsA and 7.6 for psoriasis. The prevalence of PsA and psoriasis in siblings was 7.7% and 17.7%, respectively. The λ<sub>S</sub> was 30.8 for PsA and 8.8 for psoriasis. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The recurrence risk ratio for both PsA and psoriasis is high in FDRs and siblings of patients with PsA. These results confirm that both PsA and psoriasis have a strong heritable component.
Temporal sequence of greyscale ultrasound changes and their relationship with neovascularity and pain in the patellar tendon
Authors: P Malliaras, C Purdam, N Maffulli, J Cook
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Ultrasound (US) imaging has revealed distinct types of greyscale abnormalities in the patellar and Achilles tendons, including diffusely thickened tendons and tendons containing a hypoechoic region. The relationship between these greyscale abnormalities and their clinical relevance is unknown. This study investigated the temporal sequence in greyscale abnormalities as well as the relationship between greyscale abnormalities, Doppler flow and pain.Patellar tendon pain (single leg decline squat test) and ultrasound imaging (greyscale (normal, diffuse thickening, hypoechoic), presence of Doppler flow) were assessed bilaterally among 58 volleyball players at monthly intervals during a 5-month season. The probability of transition between the greyscale ultrasound groups was calculated for each month and totalled over the season (prospective) and the relationship between these groups and the presence and intensity of pain and the presence of Doppler flow were investigated (cross-sectional investigation).Tendons with normal US were more likely to transition to diffuse thickening than to a hypoechoic region. Tendons containing a hypoechoic region were more likely to transition to diffuse thickening rather than to a normal US appearance. Hypoechoic regions were more likely to be painful (59%) and contain Doppler flow (42%) than tendons with diffuse thickening (pain in 43% and Doppler flow in 6%).The transitions identified between normal, diffusely thickened tendons and those containing a hypoechoic region suggests that these greyscale US changes may represent different phases of tendon pathology. Tendons containing a hypoechoic region are more likely to be painful and contain Doppler flow than diffusely thickened tendons.
Disruption of erythroid K-Cl cotransporters alters erythrocyte volume and partially rescues erythrocyte dehydration in SAD mice
Authors: Marco B. Rust, Seth L. Alper, York Rudhard, Boris E. Shmukler, Rubén Vicente, Carlo Brugnara, Marie Trudel, Thomas J. Jentsch, Christian A. Hübner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

K-Cl cotransport activity in rbc is a major determinant of rbc volume and density. Pathologic activation of erythroid K-Cl cotransport activity in sickle cell disease contributes to rbc dehydration and cell sickling. To address the roles of individual K-Cl cotransporter isoforms in rbc volume homeostasis, we disrupted the Kcc1 and Kcc3 genes in mice. As rbc K-Cl cotransport activity was undiminished in Kcc1(-/-) mice, decreased in Kcc3(-/-) mice, and almost completely abolished in mice lacking both isoforms, we conclude that K-Cl cotransport activity of mouse rbc is mediated largely by KCC3. Whereas rbc of either Kcc1(-/-) or Kcc3(-/-) mice were of normal density, rbc of Kcc1(-/-)Kcc3(-/-) mice exhibited defective volume regulation, including increased mean corpuscular volume, decreased density, and increased susceptibility to osmotic lysis. K-Cl cotransport activity was increased in rbc of SAD mice, which are transgenic for a hypersickling human hemoglobin S variant. Kcc1(-/-)Kcc3(-/-) SAD rbc lacked nearly all K-Cl cotransport activity and exhibited normalized values of mean corpuscular volume, corpuscular hemoglobin concentration mean, and K(+) content. Although disruption of K-Cl cotransport rescued the dehydration phenotype of most SAD rbc, the proportion of the densest red blood cell population remained unaffected.
Effect of autoimmune diseases on incidence and survival in subsequent multiple myeloma
Authors: Kari Hemminki, Xiangdong Liu, Asta Försti, Jianguang Ji, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2012)

Patients with many types of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are at an increased risk of cancer, which may depend on underlying dysregulation of the immune system or treatment. We systematically analyzed myeloma risk and survival in patients diagnosed with 33 different AIDs. Data on patients with AIDs were retrieved from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and were linked to myeloma diagnoses from the Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for subsequent myeloma between 1964 and 2008. Among patients with the 33 AIDs analyzed, 457 cases of myeloma were diagnosed. The overall SIR for myeloma was 1.12 and the overall HR was 0.92 and non-significant. SIRs for myeloma were significantly increased after ankylosing spondylitis (2.02) and systemic sclerosis (2.63). Only the HR for myeloma after rheumatic fever (5.27) was significantly increased. The SIR for myeloma before age 60 years was 1.45; the SIR for myeloma was only increased in the period 1964–1990 (1.31) and not later (1.04). Only the SIR for myeloma after ankylosing spondylitis was increased in the period 1991–2008 (2.09); the HRs for myeloma were increased after polymyositis/dermatomyositis (6.44) and rheumatic fever (4.43) but there were only three deaths of myeloma after these AIDs. The present data showed an increase in myeloma SIR after two AIDs, ankylosing spondylitis and systemic sclerosis, and in HR after rheumatic fever. The overall myeloma risk after any AID was no longer increased in the latter follow-up period of 1991 through 2008.
Rhenium 188–labeled anti-CD66 (a, b, c, e) monoclonal antibody to intensify the conditioning regimen prior to stem cell transplantation for patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome: results of a phase I-II study
Authors: Donald Bunjes, Inga Buchmann, Christian Duncker, Ulrike Seitz, Jörg Kotzerke, Markus Wiesneth, Dagmar Dohr, Martin Stefanic, Andreas Buck, Stefanie V. Harsdorf, Gerhard Glatting, Wolfgang Grimminger, Tunca Karakas, Gerd Munzert, Hartmut Döhner, Lothar Bergmann, Sven N. Reske
Journal: Blood (2001)
Reply to J. Lagro et al
Authors: Arti Hurria, Kayo Togawa, Supriya Mohile, Cynthia Owusu, Heidi Klepin, Cary Gross, Stuart Lichtman, Ajeet Gajra, Smita Bhatia, Vani Katheria, Shira Klapper, Kurt Hansen, Rupal Ramani, Mark Lachs, F. Lennie Wong, William Tew
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)
Improved resting hemodynamics after total vs standard orthotopic heart transplantation in patients with high preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance
Authors: Ivan Aleksic, Lawrence S.C. Czer, Dov Freimark, Johanna J.M. Takkenberg, Carlos Blanche, Mabelle H. Cohen, Carmen A. Queral, Alfred Trento
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Tuberculosis Deaths and the War
Authors: P. Stocks
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Tuberculosis mortality has been described as a social barometer, and this it is in more than one sense."The actively tuberculous population, numbering somewhere about a quarter of a million persons, is very sensitive to environmental changes such as periods of unusually cold weather, industrial depression, increased crowding due to various causes, shortage of certain foods, enhanced stress of living conditions produced by war, and even, it seems likely, to psychological stresses affecting large bodies of people.The immediate effects of cold winters and influ- enza epidemics, for example, are reflected in the deaths from* respiratory tuberculosis occurring in the March quarters, which are given below for England and Wales in the period 1924-38:
The genetic basis of susceptibility to leukemia induction in mice by 3-methylcholanthrene applied percutaneously.
Authors: M L Duran-Reynals, F Lilly, A Bosch, K J Blank
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Susceptibility to leukemia induction in mice by skin painting with 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) is strain-specific, occurring only in strains relatively resistant to MCA-induced skin tumors. The Ah locus, which has a dominant allele (Ahb) for inducibility of the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) enzyme system and a recessive allele (Ahd) for noninducibility, appears to be the major determinant of this trait. MCA-painted mice of strains and crosses carrying the Ahb allele usually show a high incidence of skin tumors (papillomas which may evolve into malignant tumors) and little or no leukemia, whereas in mice homozygous for the Ahd allele the treatment usually induces a high incidence of leukemia and few or no skin tumors. Among mice of a segregating backcross generation including both Ahb/Ahd heterozygotes and Ahd homozygotes, the occurrence of skin tumors was correlated directly with AHH inducibility and inversely with the leukemic response. Mice of Ahb strains with a high level of endogenous murine leukemia (MuLV) expression (C58, PL) show a much weaker skin tumor response than expected but no increase in leukemia incidence, and this observation tends to confirm the previous finding that MuLV infection of mice of low-MuLV strains results in reduced susceptibility to MCA tumorigenesis.
The validation of assays used to measure biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate
Authors: E. Sapey, D. Bayley, A. Ahmad, R. Stockley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The validation of assays used to measure biomarkers in exhaled breath condensateTo the Editors:We read with interest the article by ROSIAS et al. [1] in a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal.The authors attempted to validate a number of assays using exhaled breath condensate.The values described by ROSIAS et al. [1] were very similar to those reported by many laboratories, but our interpretation of the data is different.Our experience in validating similar assays in this medium suggests that measuring mediators at these low concentrations is problematic and, as such, we have the following concerns with the article which other researchers need to be aware of.
Hemodynamic and Ventilatory Effects of Exercise in the Upright Position in Patients with Left-to-Right Shunts
Authors: NEWMAN L. STEPHENS, HAROLD A. SHAFTER, HARRY A. BLISS
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Nine patients having ventricular septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus performed bicycle exercise of moderate intensity in the upright position while oxygen consumption and pulmonary and systemic blood flows and pressures were being measured. Resting pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was normal in five patients and elevated in four. Right-to-left shunt became apparent or increased during exercise in patients with elevated PVR. The rise of pulmonary "wedge" pressure and of right atrial pressure during exercise was not related to the resting PVR. Both ventilation and pulmonary artery pressure increased more rapidly during exercise in patients with high PVR than in the normal PVR group. Left atrial blood remained fully saturated during exertion in three patients with high PVR and arterial oxygen unsaturation.