tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intra-arterial adenoviral mediated tumor transfection in a novel model of cancer gene therapy.
Authors: Gustavo Cabrera, Stacy L Porvasnik, Paul E DiCorleto, Maria Siemionow, Corey K Goldman
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2006)

The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize a novel in vivo cancer gene therapy model in which intra-arterial adenoviral gene delivery can be characterized. In this model, the rat cremaster muscle serves as the site for tumor growth and provides convenient and isolated access to the tumor parenchyma with discrete control of arterial and venous access for delivery of agents. Utilizing adenovirus encoding the green fluorescent protein we demonstrated broad tumor transfection. We also observed a dose dependant increment in luciferase activity at the tumor site using an adenovirus encoding the luciferase reporter gene. Finally, we tested the intra-arterial adenovirus dwelling time required to achieve optimal tumor transfection and observed a minimum time of 30 minutes. We conclude that adenovirus mediated tumor transfection grown in the cremaster muscle of athymic nude rats via an intra-arterial route could be achieved. This model allows definition of the variables that affect intra-arterial tumor transfection. This particular study suggests that allowing a defined intra-tumor dwelling time by controlling the blood flow of the affected organ during vector infusion can optimize intra-arterial adenoviral delivery.
The Expression of Sprouty1, an Inhibitor of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signal Transduction, Is Decreased in Human Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bernard Kwabi-Addo, Jianghua Wang, Halime Erdem, Ajula Vaid, Patricia Castro, Gustavo Ayala, Michael Ittmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract A considerable body of evidence indicates that alterations of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors contribute to prostate cancer progression. Recently, a new family of regulators of FGF activity has been identified. The Sprouty gene family negatively regulates FGF signaling in a variety of systems and could potentially limit the biological activity of FGFs in prostate cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of normal and neoplastic prostate tissues using tissue microarrays revealed that Sprouty1 protein is down-regulated in approximately 40% of prostate cancers when compared with matched normal prostate. By quantitative real-time PCR analysis, we found that Sprouty1 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in prostate cancers in vivo in comparison with normal prostate. In prostate cancer cell lines, there is loss of the normal up-regulation of Sprouty1 mRNA and protein in response to FGFs. The decrease in Sprouty1 expression in the human prostate cancer, despite elevated levels of FGF ligands and FGF receptors, implies a loss of an important growth regulatory mechanism in prostate cancers that may potentiate the effects of increased FGF and FGF receptor expression in prostate cancer.
Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Jennifer S. Lin, Elizabeth O'Connor, Rebecca C. Rossom, Leslie A. Perdue, Elizabeth Eckstrom
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a supplement. Background: Earlier identification of cognitive impairment may reduce patient and caregiver morbidity. Purpose: To systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of brief cognitive screening instruments and the benefits and harms of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for early cognitive impairment. Data Sources: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through December 2012; systematic reviews; clinical trial registries; and experts. Study Selection: English-language studies of fair to good quality, primary care–feasible screening instruments, and treatments aimed at persons with mild cognitive impairment or mild to moderate dementia. Data Extraction: Dual quality assessment and abstraction of relevant study details. Data Synthesis: The Mini-Mental State Examination (k = 25) is the most thoroughly studied instrument but is not available for use without cost. Publicly available instruments with adequate test performance to detect dementia include the Clock Drawing Test (k = 7), Mini-Cog (k = 4), Memory Impairment Screen (k = 5), Abbreviated Mental Test (k = 4), Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (k = 4), Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (k = 2), 7-Minute Screen (k = 2), and Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (k = 5). Medications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for Alzheimer disease (k = 58) and caregiver interventions (k = 59) show a small benefit of uncertain clinical importance for patients and their caregivers. Small benefits are also limited by common adverse effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and limited availability of complex caregiver interventions. Although promising, cognitive stimulation (k = 6) and exercise (k = 10) have limited evidence to support their use in persons with mild to moderate dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Limitation: Limited studies in persons with dementia other than Alzheimer disease and sparse reporting of important health outcomes. Conclusion: Brief instruments to screen for cognitive impairment can adequately detect dementia, but there is no empirical evidence that screening improves decision making. Whether interventions for patients or their caregivers have a clinically significant effect in persons with earlier detected cognitive impairment is still unclear. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Long-Term Effects of Traffic Particles on Lung Function Decline in the Elderly
Authors: Johanna Lepeule, Augusto A. Litonjua, Brent Coull, Petros Koutrakis, David Sparrow, Pantel S. Vokonas, Joel Schwartz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Few studies have been performed on air pollution effects on lung function in the elderly, a vulnerable population with low reserve capacity, and even fewer have looked at changes in the rate of lung function decline.We evaluated the effect of long-term exposure to black carbon on levels and rates of decline in lung function in the elderly.FVC and FEV1 were measured one to six times during the period 1995-2011 in 858 men participating in the Normative Aging Study. Exposure to black carbon, a tracer of traffic emissions, was estimated by a spatiotemporal land use regression model. We investigated the effects of moving averages of black carbon of 1-5 years before the lung function measurement using linear mixed models.A 0.5 μg/m(3) increase in long-term exposure to black carbon was associated with an additional rate of decline in FVC and FEV1 of between 0.5% and 0.9% per year, respectively, depending on the averaging time. In addition, black carbon exposure before the baseline visit was associated with lower levels of both FVC and FEV1, with effect estimates increasing up to 6-7% with a 5-year average exposure.Our results support adverse effects of long-term exposure to traffic particles on lung function level and rate of decline in the elderly and suggest that functionally significant differences in health and risk of disability occur below the annual Environmental Protection Agency National Air Quality Standards.
Once-Daily Atomoxetine Treatment for Children and Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: David Michelson, Albert J. Allen, Joan Busner, Charles Casat, David Dunn, Christopher Kratochvil, Jeffrey Newcorn, F. Randy Sallee, R. Bart Sangal, Keith Saylor, Scott West, Douglas Kelsey, Joachim Wernicke, Nancy J. Trapp, Donald Harder
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the efficacy of once-daily atomoxetine administration in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD: In a double-blind study, children and adolescents with ADHD (N=171, age range=6–16 years) were randomly assigned to receive 6 weeks of treatment with either atomoxetine (administered once daily) or placebo. RESULTS: Outcomes among atomoxetine-treated patients were superior to those of the placebo treatment group as assessed by investigator, parent, and teacher ratings. The treatment effect size (0.71) was similar to those observed in previous atomoxetine studies that used twice-daily dosing. Parent diary ratings suggested that drug-specific effects were sustained late in the day. Discontinuations due to adverse events were low (less than 3%) for both treatment groups, and no serious safety concerns were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily administration of atomoxetine is an effective treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD.
Induction of mucosal tolerance in Peyer‘s patch—deficient, ligated small bowel loops
Authors: Thomas A. Kraus, Jens Brimnes, Christine Muong, Jian-Hua Liu, Thomas M. Moran, Kelly A. Tappenden, Peter Boros, Lloyd Mayer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

To explore the requirement for M cells and the Peyer's patch (PP) in induction of oral tolerance and address the potential in vivo role of intestinal epithelial cells as nonprofessional APCs, we have attempted to induce tolerance in mice with ligated small bowel loops without M cells and Peyer's patches. A 2-centimeter section of vascularized small bowel was spliced away from the gut without disruption of the mesenteric attachments. We introduced OVA directly into the lumen of the loop prior to footpad immunization. By excising segments of bowel that contain PPs in some mice and segments without patches in others, we could study the necessity of the M cell and the underlying patch versus epithelial cells in induction of mucosal tolerance. We show that OVA-specific T cell proliferation and serum antibody responses are reduced in mice that have previously been given OVA both in PP-containing loops and in loops without patches. Furthermore, both high- and low-dose tolerance could be induced in the absence of PPs. Low-dose tolerance is associated with bystander suppression and requires IL-10, which indicates active suppression and the induction of regulatory cells. These data suggest that there is a critical role for components of the mucosal immune system other than PPs in antigen sampling and induction of oral tolerance.
Molecular Genetics of Circadian Rhythms in Mammals
Authors: David P. King, Joseph S. Takahashi
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2000)

Recent gene discovery approaches have led to a new era in our understanding of the molecular basis of circadian oscillators in animals. A conserved set of genes in Drosophila and mammals (Clock, Bmal1, Period, and Timeless) provide a molecular framework for the circadian mechanism. These genes define a transcription-translation-based negative autoregulatory feedback loop that comprises the core elements generating circadian rhythmicity. This circadian core provides a focal point for understanding how circadian rhythms arise, how environmental inputs entrain the oscillatory system, and how the circadian system regulates its outputs. The addition of molecular genetic approaches to the existing physiological understanding of the mammalian circadian system provides new opportunities for understanding this basic life process.
The Impact of the Extent of Lymphadenectomy on Oncologic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Harman M. Bruins, Erik Veskimae, Virginia Hernandez, Mari Imamura, Molly M. Neuberger, Philip Dahm, Fiona Stewart, Thomas B. Lam, James N’Dow, Antoine G. van der Heijden, Eva Compérat, Nigel C. Cowan, Maria De Santis, Georgios Gakis, Thierry Lebret, Maria J. Ribal, Amir Sherif, J. Alfred Witjes
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Apoptosis-inducing factor downregulation increased neuronal progenitor, but not stem cell, survival in the neonatal hippocampus after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia
Authors: Yanyan Sun, Yu Zhang, Xiaoyang Wang, Klas Blomgren, Changlian Zhu
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

A considerable proportion of all newly generated cells in the hippocampus will die before becoming fully differentiated, both under normal and pathological circumstances. The caspase-independent apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) has not been investigated previously in this context.Postnatal day 8 (P8) harlequin (Hq) mutant mice, expressing lower levels of AIF, and wild type littermates were injected with BrdU once daily for two days to label newborn cells. On P10 mice were subjected to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and their brains were analyzed 4 h, 24 h or 4 weeks later. Overall tissue loss was 63.5% lower in Hq mice 4 weeks after HI. Short-term survival (4 h and 24 h) of labeled cells in the subgranular zone was neither affected by AIF downregulation, nor by HI. Long-term (4 weeks) survival of undifferentiated, BLBP-positive stem cells was reduced by half after HI, but this was not changed by AIF downregulation. Neurogenesis, however, as judged by BrdU/NeuN double labeling, was reduced by half after HI in wild type mice but preserved in Hq mice, indicating that primarily neural progenitors and neurons were protected. A wave of cell death started early after HI in the innermost layers of the granule cell layer (GCL) and moved outward, such that 24 h after HI dying cells could be detected in the entire GCL.These findings demonstrate that AIF downregulation provides not only long-term overall neuroprotection after HI, but also protects neural progenitor cells, thereby rescuing hippocampal neurogenesis.
Subacromial impingement syndrome—effectiveness of physiotherapy and manual therapy
Authors: Lukas Gebremariam, Elaine M Hay, Renske van der Sande, Willem D Rinkel, Bart W Koes, Bionka M A Huisstede
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background The subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) includes the rotator cuff syndrome, tendonitis and bursitis of the shoulder. Treatment includes surgical and non-surgical modalities. Non-surgical treatment is used to reduce pain, to decrease the subacromial inflammation, to heal the compromised rotator cuff and to restore satisfactory function of the shoulder. To select the most appropriate non-surgical intervention and to identify gaps in scientific knowledge, we explored the effectiveness of the interventions used, concentrating on the effectiveness of physiotherapy and manual therapy. Methods The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, PEDro and CINAHL were searched for relevant systematic reviews and randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality. A best-evidence synthesis was used to summarise the results. Results Two reviews and 10 RCTs were included. One RCT studied manual therapy as an add-on therapy to self-training. All other studies studied the effect of physiotherapy: effectiveness of exercise therapy, mobilisation as an add-on therapy to exercises, ultrasound, laser and pulsed electromagnetic field. Moderate evidence was found for the effectiveness of hyperthermia compared to exercise therapy or ultrasound in the short term. Hyperthermia and exercise therapy were more effective in comparison to controls or placebo in the short term (moderate evidence). For the effectiveness of hyperthermia, no midterm or long-term results were studied. In the midterm, exercise therapy gave the best results (moderate evidence) compared to placebo or controls. For other interventions, conflicting, limited or no evidence was found. Conclusions Some physiotherapeutic treatments seem to be promising (moderate evidence) to treat SIS, but more research is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.
TIM-1 induces T cell activation and inhibits the development of peripheral tolerance
Authors: Sarah E Umetsu, Wan-Ling Lee, Jennifer J McIntire, Laura Downey, Bharati Sanjanwala, Omid Akbari, Gerald J Berry, Haruo Nagumo, Gordon J Freeman, Dale T Umetsu, Rosemarie H DeKruyff
Journal: Nature Immunology (2005)
Risk of cancer after blood transfusion from donors with subclinical cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gustaf Edgren, Henrik Hjalgrim, Marie Reilly, Trung Nam Tran, Klaus Rostgaard, Agneta Shanwell, Kjell Titlestad, Johanna Adami, Agneta Wikman, Casper Jersild, Gloria Gridley, Louise Wideroff, Olof Nyrén, Mads Melbye
Journal: The Lancet (2007)
Time trends in primary resistance to HIV drugs in the United Kingdom: multicentre observational study
Authors: Patricia Cane, Ian Chrystie, David Dunn, Barry Evans, Anna Maria Geretti, Hannah Green, Andrew Phillips, Deenan Pillay, Kholoud Porter, Anton Pozniak, Caroline Sabin, Erasmus Smit, Jonathan Weber, Mark Zuckerman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Objective To examine whether the level of primary resistance to HIV drugs is increasing in the United Kingdom.
Plasma and Dietary Vitamin E in Relation to Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Tina Costacou, Irena King, Daniel J. Zaccaro, Ronny A. Bell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate the association of vitamin E with incidence of type 2 diabetes and to do so separately among individuals who did and those who did not report regular use of vitamin supplementation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) included 895 nondiabetic adults at baseline (including 303 with impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]), 148 of whom developed type 2 diabetes according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria during the 5-year follow-up. At baseline, dietary vitamin E was estimated by a validated food frequency interview, usual supplement use was confirmed by supplement label, and plasma α-tocopherol was measured. Analyses were conducted separately for individuals who did (n = 318) and did not (n = 577) use vitamin E supplements. RESULTS—Among supplement nonusers, reported mean intake of vitamin E (mg α-tocopherol equivalents [α-TE]) did not differ between those who remained nondiabetic (n = 490) and those who developed diabetes (n = 87) (10.5 ± 5.5 vs. 9.5 ± 4.8 [means ± SD], respectively, NS). After adjustment for demographic variables, obesity, physical activity, and other nutrients, the association remained nonsignificant (odds ratio [OR] 0.80, 95% CI 0.13–5.06) for the highest level of intake (≥20 mg α-TE) compared with the lowest level (1–4 α-TE). However, results for plasma concentration of α-tocopherol showed a significant protective effect both before and after adjustment for potential confounders (adjusted OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02–0.68, for the highest quintile vs. the lowest quintile; overall test for trend, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Among individuals who reported habitual use of vitamin E supplements (at least once per month in the year before baseline; 259 remained nondiabetic and 59 developed diabetes), no protective effect was observed for either reported intake of vitamin E or plasma concentration of α-tocopherol CONCLUSIONS—A protective effect of vitamin E may exist within the range of intake available from food. This effect may go undetected within studies of high-dose supplement use, which appears to hold no additional protective benefit.
BSS and ICA in Neuroinformatics: From Current Practices to Open Challenges
Authors: Ricardo Vigario, Erkki Oja
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2008)

We give a general overview of the use and possible misuse of blind source separation (BSS) and independent component analysis (ICA) in the context of neuroinformatics data processing. A clear emphasis is given to the analysis of electrophysiological recordings, as well as to functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI). Two illustrative examples include the identification and removal of artefacts in both kinds of data, and the analysis of a simple fMRI. A second part of the paper addresses a set of currently open challenges in signal processing. These include the identification and analysis of independent subspaces, the study of networks of functional brain activity, and the analysis of single-trial event-related data.
Role of micronutrients in the periconceptional period
Authors: I. Cetin, C. Berti, S. Calabrese
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2009)

Micronutrient deficiencies have been associated with significantly high reproductive risks, ranging from infertility to fetal structural defects and long-term diseases. In this review we focus on the reproductive risks related to some micronutrients during the periconceptional period, a critical step in determining fetal development and health due to the potential onset of several disorders. Embase Medline and PubMed databases, Google-indexed scientific literature and periodics from on-line University of Milan Bibliotecary Service were searched to identify relevant publications. In vivo human studies were mainly searched for, but when needed animal studies as well as in vitro and cell culture experiments were also considered. Fertility, conception, implantation, fetal organogenesis and placentation are the critical stages potentially affected by nutrition during the periconceptional period. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total homocysteine (tHcy) plasma levels are factors involved in the respective mechanisms. The preconceptional period is particularly important since it affects both fertility and the early stages of gestation. Micronutrients' dietary intake and maternal status affect the different phases of the onset and development of pregnancy as well as of the conceptus. Although human studies are scarce, and conclusive evidence is provided solely for periconceptional folate and prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs), the overall data indicate that micronutrients may affects fertility, embryogenesis and placentation, and the prophylactic use of some micronutrients may be useful in preventing several adverse pregnancy outcomes. Efforts to increase awareness of a healthy diet should be strengthened not only throughout pregnancy but also before. However, further researches in humans are necessary to optimise periconceptional micronutrient requirements.