tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe<i>Demodex</i><i>folliculorum</i>–Associated Oculocutaneous Rosacea in a Girl Successfully Treated With Ivermectin
Authors: Megan Brown, Angela Hernández-Martín, Ana Clement, Isabel Colmenero, Antonio Torrelo
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> There is a limited therapeutic armamentarium for recalcitrant cases of childhood rosacea. <h3>Observations</h3> We report the case of a 12-year-old girl who presented with severe ocular and cutaneous rosacea unresponsive to oral doxycycline, oral isotretinoin, and topical tacrolimus. A biopsy specimen showed numerous mites within the folliculosebaceous unit. Treatment with a single dose of oral ivermectin achieved resolution of her symptoms. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The causative role of<i>Demodex folliculorum</i>should be considered in immunocompetent children with rosacea or rosacea-like refractory eruptions. In such cases, treatment with ivermectin can be beneficial.
Killed but metabolically active microbes: a new vaccine paradigm for eliciting effector T-cell responses and protective immunity
Authors: D G Brockstedt, K S Bahjat, M A Giedlin, W Liu, M Leong, W Luckett, Y Gao, P Schnupf, D Kapadia, G Castro, J Y H Lim, A Sampson-Johannes, A A Herskovits, A Stassinopoulos, H G Archie Bouwer, J E Hearst, D A Portnoy, D N Cook, T W Dubensky
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose in the Adult Population of Iran
Authors: Alireza Esteghamati, Mohamad M. Gouya, Mehrshad Abbasi, Alireza Delavari, Siamak Alikhani, Farishid Alaedini, Afshin Safaie, Mehrdad Forouzanfar, Edward W. Gregg
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—Despite concerns regarding a diabetes epidemic in the Middle East, internationally published data on national estimates of prevalent type 2 diabetes in Iran do not exist. With this article, we document a dramatically high prevalence of diabetes in Iran. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Our data are based on the results of the first Survey of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases of Iran, 2005. In this national cross-sectional survey, 70,981 Iranian citizens aged 25–64 years were recruited. RESULTS—We found that 7.7% of adults aged 25–64 years, or 2 million adults, have diabetes, among whom one-half are undiagnosed. An additional 16.8%, or 4.4 million, of Iranian adults have impaired fasting glucose. CONCLUSIONS—The high prevalence of diabetes in working-age adults is an ominous sign for this developing nation. As the relatively young Iranian population ages in the future and urbanization continues or accelerates, the prevalence of diabetes will likely escalate.
Initial Molecular-Level Response to Artificial Selection for Increased Aerobic Metabolism Occurs Primarily through Changes in Gene Expression
Authors: Mateusz Konczal, Wiesław Babik, Jacek Radwan, Edyta T Sadowska, Paweł Koteja
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Experimental evolution combined with genome or transcriptome resequencing (Evolve and Resequence) represents a promising approach for advancing our understanding of the genetic basis of adaptation. Here, we applied this strategy to investigate the effect of selection on a complex trait in lines derived from a natural population of a small mammal. We analyzed the liver and heart transcriptomes of bank voles (Myodes [=Clethrionomys] glareolus) that had been selected for increased aerobic metabolism. The organs were sampled from 13th generation voles; at that point, the voles from four replicate selected lines had 48% higher maximum rates of oxygen consumption than those from four control lines. At the molecular level, the response to selection was primarily observed in gene expression: Over 300 genes were found to be differentially expressed between the selected and control lines and the transcriptome-wide pattern of expression distinguished selected lines from controls. No evidence for selection-driven changes of allele frequencies at coding sites was found: No single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) changed frequency more than expected under drift alone and frequency changes aggregated over all SNPs did not separate selected and control lines. Nevertheless, among genes which showed highest differentiation in allele frequencies between selected and control lines we identified, using information about gene functions and the biology of the selected phenotype, plausible targets of selection; these genes, together with those identified in expression analysis, have been prioritized for further studies. Because our selection lines were derived from a natural population, the amount and the spectrum of variation available for selection probably closely approximated that typically found in populations of small mammals. Therefore, our results are relevant to the understanding of the molecular basis of complex adaptations occurring in natural vertebrate populations.
Bevacizumab terminates homeobox B9-induced tumor proliferation by silencing microenvironmental communication
Authors: Yoshinori Hoshino, Tetsu Hayashida, Akira Hirata, Hidena Takahashi, Naokazu Chiba, Mitsuyo Ohmura, Masatoshi Wakui, Hiromitsu Jinno, Hirotoshi Hasegawa, Shyamala Maheswaran, Makoto Suematsu, Yuko Kitagawa
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2014)

Homeobox B9 (HOXB9), a transcriptional factor, regulates developmental processes and tumor progression and has recently been recognized as one of important transcriptional factors related to angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the role of HOXB9 in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. We examined the expression of HOXB9 in colorectal cancer using qPCR and in situ hybridization. We also examined the effect of HOXB9 overexpression in colorectal cancer using a proliferation assay, ELISA, a multiplex assay, and xenograft models. The clinical significance of HOXB9 was statistically evaluated in resected specimens. HOXB9 was expressed in colorectal cancer specimens. HOXB9 induced angiogenesis and tumor proliferation in vitro, which resulted in high tumorigenicity in vivo and poor overall survival. Bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, remarkably suppressed tumor proliferation by inhibiting angiogenesis in HOXB9-overexpressing xenografts, and it improved overall survival and provided prolonged progression-free survival in HOXB9-overexpressing patients. A comprehensive multiplex assay of the supernatant of cancer cells co-cultured with human vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts indicated significantly higher interleukin-6 (IL6) levels than those in the supernatant of monocultured cells. HOXB9 overexpression in clinical specimens was significantly correlated with increased IL6 expression. An IL6-neutralizing antibody inhibited VEGF secretion and tumor proliferation in the co-culture system. HOXB9 promotes the secretion of angiogenic factors, including VEGF, to induce tumor proliferation through microenvironmental production of cytokines including IL6 signaling. Moreover, silencing of VEGF or IL6 terminates cytokine release in tumor microenvironment. Thus, HOXB9 and IL6 may be potential biomarkers for bevacizumab treatment.
Long-term follow-up of patients with tuberculosis as a complication of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonist therapy: safe re-initiation of TNF-α blockers after appropriate anti-tuberculous treatment
Authors: B. Denis, A. Lefort, R.M. Flipo, F. Tubach, M. Lemann, P. Ravaud, D. Salmon, X. Mariette, O. Lortholary
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2008)
The Influenza Epidemic
Authors: A. Macleod
Journal: BMJ (1959)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Polyploidy is a fascinating characteristic of liver parenchyma. Hepatocyte polyploidy depends on the DNA content of each nucleus (nuclear ploidy) and the number of nuclei per cell (cellular ploidy). Which role can be assigned to polyploidy during human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development is still an open question. Here, we investigated whether a specific ploidy spectrum is associated with clinical and molecular features of HCC. <h3>Design</h3> Ploidy spectra were determined on surgically resected tissues from patients with HCC as well as healthy control tissues. To define ploidy profiles, a quantitative and qualitative in situ imaging approach was used on paraffin tissue liver sections. <h3>Results</h3> We first demonstrated that polyploid hepatocytes are the major components of human liver parenchyma, polyploidy being mainly cellular (binuclear hepatocytes). Across liver lobules, polyploid hepatocytes do not exhibit a specific zonation pattern. During liver tumorigenesis, cellular ploidy is drastically reduced; binuclear polyploid hepatocytes are barely present in HCC tumours. Remarkably, nuclear ploidy is specifically amplified in HCC tumours. In fact, nuclear ploidy is amplified in HCCs harbouring a low degree of differentiation and <i>TP53</i> mutations. Finally, our results demonstrated that highly polyploid tumours are associated with a poor prognosis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results underline the importance of quantification of cellular and nuclear ploidy spectra during HCC tumorigenesis.
Modulation of Caspase-Independent Cell Death Leads to Resensitization of Imatinib Mesylate–Resistant Cells
Authors: Vanessa J. Lavallard, Ludivine A. Pradelli, Audrey Paul, Marie Bénéteau, Arnaud Jacquel, Patrick Auberger, Jean-Ehrland Ricci
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Imatinib mesylate is widely used for the treatment of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). This compound is very efficient in killing Bcr-Abl–positive cells in a caspase-dependent manner. Nevertheless, several lines of evidence indicated that caspase-mediated cell death (i.e., apoptosis) is not the only type of death induced by imatinib. The goal of our study was to evaluate the importance of the newly described caspase-independent cell death (CID) in Bcr-Abl–positive cells. We established in several CML cell lines that imatinib, in conjunction with apoptosis, also induced CID. CID was shown to be as efficient as apoptosis in preventing CML cell proliferation and survival. We next investigated the potential implication of a recently identified mechanism used by cancer cells to escape CID through overexpression of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). We showed here, in several CML cell lines, that GAPDH overexpression was sufficient to induce protection from CID. Furthermore, imatinib-resistant Bcr-Abl–positive cell lines were found to spontaneously overexpress GAPDH. Finally, we showed that a GAPDH partial knockdown, using specific short hairpin RNAs, was sufficient to resensitize those resistant cells to imatinib-induced cell death. Taken together, our results indicate that CID is an important effector of imatinib-mediated cell death. We also established that GAPDH overexpression can be found in imatinib-resistant Bcr-Abl–positive cells and that its down-regulation can resensitize those resistant cells to imatinib-induced death. Therefore, drugs able to modulate GAPDH administered together with imatinib could find some therapeutic benefits in CML patients. [Cancer Res 2009;69(7):3013–20]
Failure of Activated Prothrombin Complex Concentrates in a Hemophiliac With an Anti-Factor VIII Antibody
Authors: Philip M. Blatt
Journal: JAMA (1984)

IN APPROXIMATELY 15% of patients with severe hemophilia A who receive multiple transfusions, anti— factor VIII antibodies develop (C. W. McMillan, MD, S. S. Shapiro, MD, J. Lazerson, MD, unpublished data, 1983). Control of hemorrhagic episodes in these patients is often difficult and unsatisfactory. Various methods of treatment have been developed for such patients.<sup>1,2</sup>Most recently, activated prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) have been described as efficacious in controlling hemorrhage in patients with an inhibitor. Two preparations of activated PCC have been developed: Autoplex (anti-inhibitor coagulant complex) and FEIBA (factor eight inhibitor bypassing activity). In published trials, response to treatment with Autoplex for major and minor bleeds ranged from excellent to fair with no treatment failures,<sup>2</sup>while FEIBA was judged to be effective in control of joint and muscle bleeding in 64% of treatment episodes.<sup>3</sup>The purpose of this report is to describe the failure of Autoplex to
Effect of Chemotherapy on Skeletal Health in Male Survivors from Testicular Cancer and Lymphoma
Authors: Janet E. Brown, Sue P. Ellis, Paul Silcocks, Aubrey Blumsohn, Sandra A. Gutcher, Clare Radstone, Barry W. Hancock, Matthew Q. Hatton, Robert E. Coleman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

There are concerns over the late effects of cancer therapy, including accelerated bone loss leading to increased risk of osteoporosis. Treatment-related bone loss is well recognized in breast and prostate cancer, due to overt hypogonadism, but there has been little evaluation of the skeletal effects of chemotherapy alone in adults. This study assesses the extent of bone loss due to previous chemotherapy in men.The bone mineral density (BMD) of men who had received previously chemotherapy with curative intent for lymphoma or testicular cancers was compared with that of an age-matched population of men from a cancer control population that had not received chemotherapy. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray scanning. Additionally, measurement of sex hormones and the bone turnover markers N-telopeptide fragment of type I collagen and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase were done. All statistical tests were two sided.One hundred fifteen chemotherapy-treated patients and 102 cancer controls were recruited. There was no statistical difference in BMD between the chemotherapy and control groups at either spine or hip and the mean BMD values in both groups were no lower than that of a reference population. There were no significant differences in estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone, but follicle-stimulating hormone values were significantly higher in the chemotherapy group (P=0.011). The mean values of NH2-terminal telopeptide fragment of type I collagen and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase were within the reference ranges.The absence of accelerated bone loss following chemotherapy is reassuring and suggests that standard dose cytotoxic chemotherapy has no lasting clinically important direct effects on bone metabolism.
Anti-Tissue Antibodies Are Related to Lung Function in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Belén Núñez, Jaume Sauleda, Josep Maria Antó, Maria Rosa Julià, Mauricio Orozco, Eduard Monsó, Aina Noguera, Federico P. Gómez, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Alvar Agustí
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multicomponent disease. Autoimmunity can contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD.This study investigates the prevalence of circulating antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-tissue (AT) antibodies, two common markers of autoimmunity, in COPD and their relationship with several components of the disease.We determined lung function, the serum titers of ANA and AT by immunofluorescence, and the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) by high sensitivity nephelometry in 328 patients with clinically stable COPD and in 67 healthy controls recruited in the PAC-COPD study. Multiple linear and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze results.The prevalence of abnormal ANA and AT titers was 34% and 26% in patients and 3% and 6% in controls, respectively. Levels of AT greater than or equal to 1:320 were seen in 21% of patients with COPD and were independently associated with the severity of airflow limitation and gas transfer impairment (P < 0.05). Neither ANA or AT titers was related to body mass index, current smoking status, use of inhaled steroids, the Charlson index, or serum C-reactive protein values.Between a quarter and a third of patients with clinically stable COPD present abnormal titers of circulating ANA and AT. The observed relationship between AT and lung function supports a role for autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of COPD.
Suppression of immediate and late responses to antigen by a non‐anaphylactogenic anti‐IgE antibody in a murine model of asthma
Authors: S. Haile, J. Lefort, S.y Eum, C Dumarey, M. Huerre, C Heusser, B.b Vargaftig
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Eosinophils are recruited to the airways during allergic reactions, but animal models have shown that their mere presence is not sufficient for the development of bronchopulmonary hyperreactivity. Other factors, such as immunoglobulin (Ig)E, seem to be required. Using mice selected for the production of large amounts of IgE, the effects of antibody neutralization of IgE on antigen-induced lung recruitment of eosinophils and induction of bronchopulmonary hyperreactivity and of other indicators of inflammation were studied. A monoclonal non-anaphylactogenic rat anti-mouse IgE (mAb1-5), given within 24 h of the challenge with antigen, reduced tissue eosinophilia, the recruitment of IgE-bearing cells identified as basophils, mucous cell metaplasia, anaphylactic bronchoconstriction and bronchopulmonary hyperreactivity. mAb1-5 inhibited interleukin (IL)4 titres in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but not those of I1-5. Inhibition by mAb1-5 may result from competitive displacement of immunoglobulin E from its different receptors, thus preventing cell stimulation. Moreover, the inhibition of the massive recruitment of immunoglobulin E-bearing basophils into the lungs within hours after challenge and of interleukin4 production by mAb1-5 may be important factors leading to the reduction of pulmonary eosinophilia and bronchopulmonary hyperreactivity. Thus, immunoglobulin (Ig)E and allergic IgE-bearing cells seem to play an essential role in the initial development of the late allergic airway responses.
Hepatitis B Markers in United States Drug Addicts with Special Emphasis on the Delta Hepatitis Virus
Authors: Antonio Ponzetto, Leonard B. Seeff, Zelma Buskell-Bales, Kamal G. Ishak, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Hyman J. Zimmerman, Robert H. Purcell, John L. Gerin
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis delta virus co-infection in drug addicts has been well described in Europe, the latter agent appearing to have been introduced there in the mid-1970's. Currently, similar data are scanty among United States addicts. We therefore reevaluated 99 drug addicts from three different geographic locations in the United States who had participated in a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study between 1972 and 1975. Almost all were asymptomatic, and all had been subjected to liver biopsy because of prolonged aminotransferase abnormalities. Stored sera were tested for antibody to hepatitis delta antigen (anti-HD) by radioimmunoassay and available liver biopsies examined for hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) by immunofluorescence. Overall, 19.2% were HBsAg positive, 9.1% HBeAg positive, 90% anti-HBc positive and 10.1%, positive for anti-HD. Anti-HD was identified in 42.1% of addicts who were HBsAg positive and in 3.3% who were anti-HBs positive. No correlation was found between HBeAg and anti-HD, but anti-HD was present significantly more frequently in those with chronic active hepatitis than in those with chronic persistent hepatitis. We conclude that hepatitis delta virus infection is common in HBsAg-positive drug addicts in the United States dating back to at least 1972 and probably earlier.
The dynamics of oxidative stress markers in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) during the course of liposome nanoparticle admission (a randomized placebo-controlled study)
Authors: Alexander Lisitsa, Igor Klimanov, Svetlana Soodaeva, Alexander Averyanov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background: It’s well-known that a number of cells are damaged due to oxidative stress in inflammation processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the dynamics of oxidative stress markers in BA patients during the 24-week course of treatment by the liposome nanoparticle inhalation (LI).

Materials and methods: The prospective, single-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, parallel-group study was performed. 58 patients (age 67.5±12.3; male 68.3%) with partly controlled and uncontrolled BA were enrolled (FEV1>50%). Group1 contains 30 patients who received a LI by compressor nebulizer once a day in addition to traditional therapy; group2 - 28 patients who received a traditional therapy only (control).

Antioxidant activity was determined by the estimation of the total nitrite/nitrate (TNN) level in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and in blood plasma before and after the investigation period (measured by Griess method).

Results: It was shown the statistically significant decrease of the TNN level both in EBC and blood plasma in group1 compared with control (59.7±38.7 vs 20.1 ±9.2 µmol/l, p=0.01; 56.4.7±37.5 vs 31.6 ±15.3 µmol/l, p<0.03 respectively). The BPAA level statistically significant increased from 1.89±0.8 to 3.57±0.7 units in group 1 while in control group this factor was at the same border (2.1±0.4).

Conclusion. It was shown the effectiveness of the inhalation of nanoliposome preparation in complex therapy of the BA patients; that was confirmed by statistical significantly decreasing of the inflammation markers levels compared to placebo.
Perspective in colon and rectal surgery
Authors: R J Nicholls
Journal: Gut (1989)

This is a new hard cover publication in colorectal disease.It is to be biannual and aims to bridge the gap between medical books and journals.The venture is orchestrated by an editor (Dr T R Schrock) and a board of eight associate editors (six Americans, one Canadian, one Briton) all known in the field.This the first volume has about 150 pages and is divided up into sections which include features, focus on
Genome-wide association study and admixture mapping identify different asthma-associated loci in Latinos: The Genes-environments &amp; Admixture in Latino Americans study
Authors: Joshua M Galanter, Christopher R Gignoux, Dara G Torgerson, Lindsey A Roth, Celeste Eng, Sam S Oh, Elizabeth A Nguyen, Katherine A Drake, Scott Huntsman, Donglei Hu, Saunak Sen, Adam Davis, Harold J Farber, Pedro C Avila, Emerita Brigino-Buenaventura, Michael A LeNoir, Kelley Meade, Denise Serebrisky, Luisa N Borrell, William Rodríguez-Cintrón, Andres Moreno Estrada, Karla Sandoval Mendoza, Cheryl A Winkler, William Klitz, Isabelle Romieu, Stephanie J London, Frank Gilliland, Fernando Martinez, Carlos Bustamante, L Keoki Williams, Rajesh Kumar, José R Rodríguez-Santana, Esteban G Burchard
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)