tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sickle cell trait, exertion-related death and confounded estimates
Authors: Steven D Stovitz, Ian Shrier
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

Sickle cell trait (SCT) has historically been thought of as a benign condition. However, there has been increasing recognition that, in athletes, SCT is associated with an elevated risk for exertion-related death (ERD).1 With the hope to minimise future tragedies, Harmon et al 2 sought to quantify the association of SCT and ERD. They looked at data compiled on nearly two million collegiate ‘athlete-years’ between 2004 and 2008. Since the risk associated with SCT was highest among Division 1 (D1) football players, the authors elected to focus on that group. Their highlighted conclusions, ‘Sickle cell trait associated with a RR of death of 37 times…’, are now being referenced in discussions regarding SCT testing.3 ,4 Others may have concerns about generalising results from D1 athletes to all athletes or lack of discussion about the small number of deaths (from a statistical standpoint) and thus uncertainty surrounding the results. Our concern is that the conclusions based on combining data from all race/ethnicities are not meaningful because of confounding bias secondary to race/ethnicity.

Among the D1 footballers, the researchers found 1 ERD in every 827 athlete-years in those who had SCT. Although the issue of race/ethnicity is an uncomfortable topic, given …
Effects of daily variation in outdoor particulates and ambient acid species in normal and asthmatic children
Authors: D J Ward
Journal: Thorax (2002)

<b>Background:</b> Evidence suggests that the respiratory health of children may be adversely affected by daily variation in outdoor pollutants, particularly ozone and particulates. However, data from the UK are sparse and the contribution of different particulate fractions and acid species, together with the identification of those individuals most at risk, are not clear. <b>Methods:</b> One hundred and sixty two 9 year old children were enrolled from two inner city locations and recorded daily symptoms and twice daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) over 8 week periods in the winter and summer. Their results were analysed with daily pollutant levels at appropriate lags using regression models which corrected for trends, weather, pollen, and autocorrelation. <b>Results:</b> Pollutant levels were generally low, especially in the summer. Multiple statistically significant associations were noted between health outcomes and pollutant concentrations, but no consistent patterns in identified effects were apparent between pollutants, lags, direction of observed effect, or location. There was no evidence to suggest that subgroups with atopy or pre-existing wheeze are more sensitive to pollutant effects. <b>Conclusion:</b> These data do not suggest that adverse health outcomes are associated with daily variation in health effects. No evidence was found to indicate that particulates or individual acid and anion species are more closely related to adverse health outcomes than other pollutants.
The calcium-activated neutral protease calpain I is present in normal foetal skin and is decreased in neonatal harlequin ichthyosis
Authors: M. Michel, P. Fleckman, L.T. Smith, B.A. Dale
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article The calcium‐activated neutral protease calpain I is present in normal foetal skin and is decreased in neonatal harlequin ichthyosis Get access M. Michel, M. Michel Departments of Oral Biology, Martine Michel. E‐mail: martanas@u.washington.edu or bdale@u.washington.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Fleckman, P. Fleckman Dermatology/Medicine and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.T. Smith, L.T. Smith Dermatology/Medicine and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.A. Dale B.A. Dale Departments of Oral Biology,Dermatology/Medicine andBiochemistry, University of Washington, Box 357132, Seattle, WA 98195‐7132, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 141, Issue 6, 1 December 1999, Pages 1017–1026, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03199.x Published: 01 December 1999
Alcohol in Fever
Authors: H. M. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1880)

ing the temperature.If, in spite of the hoemorrhage, the temperature again rise, we can give quinine and sponge the patient with cold water.In peritonitis, rest is still more more imperative, and we must have recourse to the same remedies, with the exception of the styptics.Very commonly, however, both hbemorrhage and peritonitis themselves in- duce great depression of the temperature.[To be concluided.
THE RELATION OF COAT COLOR TO THE SPONTANEOUS INCIDENCE OF MAMMARY TUMORS IN MICE
Authors: C. C. Little
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

1. The material included in this paper consists of F(1) and F(2) virgin female mice derived from a cross between a strain high in mammary cancer incidence (dilute brown) and one relatively low in incidence of mammary cancer but relatively high in the incidence of various internal tumors (yellow). 2. In the F(1) and F(2) hybrid generations the yellow animals have a significantly lower incidence of mammary tumors than do the non-yellows. This is the first clear case of a difference in the incidence of spontaneous tumors in mice associated with a color difference. 3. Mammary tumors occur, however, significantly earlier in the yellow mice and are just as malignant as those appearing in the non-yellows. 4. The incidence of tumors other than mammary is not significantly different in the yellow and non-yellow hybrids. Such tumors, however, occur distinctly later in life than do the mammary tumors. This provides additional evidence that, in mice, mammary tumors cannot be considered to be the same biological phenomenon as are other types of tumor. 5. A study of the physiology of reproduction of yellow and non-yellow mice within the yellow stock suggests that the yellows pass through their reproductive cycle earlier than do the non-yellows. The duration of the cycle in the two forms is essentially equal. This fact would satisfactorily explain the earlier incidence of mammary tumors in yellow mice. 6. The lower incidence of mammary tumors in yellows as compared with non-yellows may be at least in part due to the same phenomenon. This would follow because the opportunity for mammary tissue in yellow mice of cancer age to be continuously affected by ovarian secretion would be less than in non-yellows. This would result in a higher percentage of yellows reaching an age at which stimuli from the ovary ceased before the mammary tissue had reached an age at which tumor formation is most frequent. 7. There is some evidence that, in this cross, dilute (d(b)d(b)) mice are less apt to form mammary tumors than are intensely pigmented animals. This point, however, needs further investigation before it can be considered to be established. 8. The facts recorded in this paper demonstrate that not all forms of tumor or all colors of mice can be lumped together in studying either the physiology or genetics of spontaneous tumor incidence.
Volumatic usage: some generic salbutamol metered dose inhalers can be used.
Authors: J K Chege, H Chrystyn
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--The 30 minute and 24 hour post-inhalation urinary excretion of salbutamol represents the relative amount of drug deposited in the lungs and total systemic absorption, respectively. Using this method two metered dose inhalers used with a Volumatic (Allen and Hanburys Ltd, UK) large volume spacer have been compared. METHOD--Eleven healthy volunteers inhaled 4 x 100 micrograms salbutamol from either a generic salbutamol (Baker Norton, UK) or Ventolin (Allen and Hanburys Ltd, UK) metered dose inhaler with a Volumatic. The order of administration was randomised with a seven day washout period. Urine samples were collected for 0-30 minutes and then pooled up to 24 hours after inhalation. RESULTS--The mean (SD) urinary salbutamol excretion 30 minutes after inhalation with the metered dose inhalers used with the Volumatic was 22.22 (4.63) and 21.30 (5.91) micrograms for the Baker Norton and Ventolin respectively, with a mean difference (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 0.92 (-0.65 to 2.49) micrograms. Similar amounts were excreted up to 24 hours after the dose with a mean (SD) urinary excretion of 116.1 (24.3) micrograms and 114.8 (22.3) micrograms, respectively, and a mean difference (95% CI) of 1.22 (-20.39 to 22.84) micrograms. CONCLUSION--Inhalations from generic salbutamol (Baker Norton) and Ventolin metered dose inhalers with a Volumatic inhalation aid deliver similar amounts of drug to the lungs and the total systemic absorption from the two products is the same.
Commentary: pharmacogenetic screening to prevent carbamazepine-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Authors: A.V. Anstey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Commentary: pharmacogenetic screening to prevent carbamazepine‐induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens–Johnson syndrome Get access A.V. Anstey A.V. Anstey Aneurin Bevan Health Board and Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K. E‐mail: alex.anstey@wales.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 166, Issue 1, 1 January 2012, Pages 14–15, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10761.x Published: 01 January 2012
Open-label tofacitinib and double-blind atorvastatin in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomised study*
Authors: Iain B McInnes, Ho-Youn Kim, Sang-Heon Lee, David Mandel, Yeong-Wook Song, Carol A Connell, Zhen Luo, M Julia Brosnan, Andrea Zuckerman, Samuel H Zwillich, John D Bradley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin versus placebo in modifying lipids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving the oral Janus kinase inhibitor, tofacitinib. <h3>Methods</h3> A randomised, placebo controlled, multicentre phase 2 study, open-label for tofacitinib and blinded for atorvastatin. Patients received tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily for 12 weeks; at week 6, patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive oral atorvastatin 10 mg once daily or placebo for 6 weeks. Main outcome measures were lipid moieties, American College of Rheumatology (ACR) response rates, disease activity score in 28 joint counts and safety. <h3>Results</h3> 111 patients meeting ACR 1987 RA criteria with active disease were enrolled. Tofacitinib-induced elevation of mean total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein A-1 concentrations were sustained in placebo recipients to week 12; atorvastatin added at week 6 significantly reduced tofacitinib-associated increases in total and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B to below week 0 levels. Co-administration of atorvastatin resulted in a significant reduction of LDL-cholesterol versus placebo (primary endpoint; p&lt;0.0001); from week 6 to week 12 the least squares mean reduction was 35.3% with atorvastatin, versus 5.8% increase with placebo. ACR responses were observed with tofacitinib; numerically greater rates were seen with atorvastatin versus placebo. Adverse events were consistent with phase 3 studies. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Tofacitinib-associated elevated total and LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were rapidly and significantly reduced by atorvastatin. Further investigation is required to explore the significance of reductions in RA disease activity in patients receiving tofacitinib and atorvastatin. (http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01059864; Pfizer protocol A3921109).
Mood disorders and fertility in women: a critical review of the literature and implications for future research
Authors: Katherine E. Williams, Wendy K. Marsh, Natalie L. Rasgon
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2007)

A medline literature review of fertility and mood disorder articles published since 1980 was performed in order to critically review the literature regarding a relationship between mood disorders, fertility and infertility treatment. Previous studies suggests that mood disorders, both in the bipolar and unipolar spectrum, may be associated with decreased fertility rates. Most studies report that women seeking treatment for infertility have an increased rate of depressive symptoms and possibly major depression (none showed evaluated mood elevations). Many, but not all, studies found that depressive symptoms may decrease the success rate of fertility treatment. Treatments for infertility may independently influence mood through their effects on estrogen and progesterone, which have been shown to influence mood through their actions on serotonin. Studies are limited in scope and confounding variables are many, limiting the strength of the results. In conclusion, a range of existing studies suggests that fertility and mood disorders are related in a complex way. Future studies should use clinical interviews and standardized and validated measures to confirm the diagnosis of mood disorders and control for the variables of medication treatment, desire for children, frequency of sexual intercourse, age, FSH levels, menstrual cycle regularity in assessing an interrelationship between mood disorders and fertility.
Telomerase activity in transthoracic fine needle biopsy aspirates as a marker of peripheral lung cancer
Authors: T Targowski, K Jahnz-Rozyk, T Szkoda, S From, N Qandil, T Plusa
Journal: Thorax (2007)

A study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of telomerase activity assay in transthoracic fine needle biopsy (TFNB) aspirates collected from peripheral tumours of the lung in predicting the malignant aetiology of lung infiltrations.100 patients with a peripheral infiltration of the lung underwent TFNB of the focal lesion. The aspirates were subjected to standard cytological evaluation. Telomerase activity in the specimens was determined with the PCR-ELISA PLUS method. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and predictive value of TFNB were calculated for cytological examination of aspirates alone and cytological examination with additional telomerase activity assessment.Lung cancer was newly diagnosed in 84 subjects and benign peripheral lesions were found in 16. During the first TFNB, lung cancer was identified in 56 cases of cancer (66.7%) while increased telomerase activity was found in 61 cancer aspirates (72.6%). No subject with a benign infiltration had a false positive result from cytological examination, but in one case (6.25%) increased telomerase activity was observed. The diagnostic sensitivity, accuracy and negative predictive value of the combination of cytological examination and telomerase activity assay in TFNB specimens were significantly higher than for cytological examination alone (89.3% vs 66.7%, p = 0.0004; 90% vs 72%, p = 0.001; 62.5% vs 36.4%, p = 0.039), but a combination of the two examinations was associated with a lower specificity of TFNB (96.9% vs 100%, p = 0.002).Detection of telomerase activity in aspirates taken during TFNB of a peripheral lung infiltration should be considered as an indication of the risk of malignancy in cases with false negative cytological results.
Litigation Seeking Access to Data From Ongoing Clinical Trials
Authors: Walter N. Kernan, Catherine M. Viscoli, Mathew C. Varughese
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Researchers conducting randomized clinical trials may find themselves subject to legal subpoenas for interim data. When a subpoena demands premature disclosure of unblinded data, there is potential for damage to the scientific integrity and reputation of the on-going trial. We describe herein general issues raised by subpoenas for trial data and the particular case of a 2012 subpoena served on investigators from Yale University who were successful in winning reprieve from Connecticut Superior Court.
Risk of Switch in Mood Polarity to Hypomania or Mania in Patients With Bipolar Depression During Acute and Continuation Trials of Venlafaxine, Sertraline, and Bupropion as Adjuncts to Mood Stabilizers
Authors: Gabriele S. Leverich, Lori L. Altshuler, Mark A. Frye, Trisha Suppes, Susan L. McElroy, Paul E. Keck, Ralph W. Kupka, Kirk D. Denicoff, Willem A. Nolen, Heinz Grunze, Maria I. Martinez, Robert M. Post
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the comparative risks of switches in mood polarity into hypomania or mania during acute and continuation trials of adjunctive antidepressant treatment of bipolar depression. METHOD: One hundred fifty-nine patients with bipolar I disorder or bipolar II disorder participated in a total of 228 acute (10-week) randomized trials of bupropion, sertraline, or venlafaxine as an adjunct to a mood stabilizer. Patients in 87 of these trials entered continuation treatment for up to 1 year. Antidepressant response and the occurrence of subthreshold brief hypomania (emergence of brief hypomania [at least 1 but <7 days] or recurrent brief hypomania) and threshold switches (emergence of full-duration hypomania [≥7 days] or mania) were blindly assessed by using clinician-rated daily reports of mood-associated dysfunction on the National Institute of Mental Health Life Chart Method. RESULTS: Threshold switches into full-duration hypomania and mania occurred in 11.4% and 7.9%, respectively, of the acute treatment trials and in 21.8% and 14.9%, respectively, of the continuation trials. The rate of threshold switches was higher in the 169 trials in patients with bipolar I disorder (30.8%) than the 59 trials in patients with bipolar II disorder (18.6%). The ratio of threshold switches to subthreshold brief hypomanias was higher in both the acute (ratio=3.60) and continuation trials (ratio=3.75) of venlafaxine than in the acute and continuation trials of bupropion (ratios=0.85 and 1.17, respectively) and sertraline (ratios=1.67 and 1.66, respectively). In only 37 (16.2%) of the original 228 acute antidepressant trials, or in only 23.3% of the patients, was there a sustained antidepressant response in the continuation phase in the absence of a threshold switch. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive treatment with antidepressants in bipolar depression was associated with substantial risks of threshold switches to full-duration hypomania or mania in both acute and long-term continuation treatment. Of the three antidepressants included in the study, venlafaxine was associated with the highest relative risk of such switching and bupropion with the lowest risk.
Obstetric and gynaecological profile in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: F N Skopouli, S Papanikolaou, V Malamou-Mitsi, N Papanikolaou, H M Moutsopoulos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

To describe the effects of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) on the fertility, parity and sexual activity as well as investigating the aetiopathology of dyspareunia in female patients.Fifty one female patients with primary SS (pSS) and 57 healthy controls were interviewed concerning their past gynaecological, obstetric and sexual history and underwent a complete gynaecological examination. Punch biopsy of the vagina was performed in six patients and one healthy individual. In addition, the vaginal tissue was evaluated following hysterectomy in two patients with pSS.No differences were observed in fertility, parity or reproductive success rate between patients and controls. Atrophy of the external genitalia and production of cervical mucus in both patients and controls correlated with age and menopause, but not with other clinical or serological pSS manifestations. Dyspareunia was observed in 40% of the patients during the premenopause period compared with 3% observed in controls. Half of the patients, however, had an obvious aetiology for dyspareunia (trauma or inflammation) not related to pSS. The histological picture of the patients' vaginal tissue revealed perivascular infiltration. Finally, pSS patients appeared to have a similar intercourse frequency with the controls. However, unlike that observed in controls, the intercourse frequency did not diminish with age nor with the presence of dyspareunia.The fertility, parity and sexual activity of pSS patients does not appear to differ from that of the healthy population. Dyspareunia is a frequent symptom in these patients and local perivascular in these patients and local perivascular inflammation may contribute to the expression of this manifestation.
Prevention in the first place: schools a setting for action on physical inactivity
Authors: P-J Naylor, H A McKay
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Promoting physical activity has become a priority because of its role in preventing childhood obesity and chronic disease. Ecological approaches that recognise the interaction between individuals and the settings in which they spend their time are currently at the forefront of public health action. Schools have been identified as a key setting for health promotion. An overview of the literature addressed the promotion of physical activity in schools and showed that school-based strategies (elementary or high school) that utilised classroom-based education only did not increase physical activity levels; one notable exception was screen time interventions. Although evidence is sparse, active school models and environmental strategies (interventions that change policy and practice) appear to promote physical activity in elementary schools effectively. There is also strong evidence to support multicomponent models in high schools, particularly models that incorporate a family and community component. An emerging trend is to involve youth in the development and implementation of interventions. In the context of childhood obesity and sedentary lifestyles, modest increases in physical activity levels in school-based trials are important. School initiatives must be supported and reinforced in other community settings. Health professionals play a key role as champions in the community, based on their influence and credibility. Health professionals can lend support to school-based efforts by asking about and emphasising the importance of physical activity with patients, encouraging family-based activities, supporting local schools to adopt an “active school” approach and advocating for support to sustain evidence-based and promising physical activity models within schools.
Identical-twin small-bowel transplant for desmoid tumour
Authors: JonathanA. Morris, DeniseL. Johnson, JohnA.P. Rimmer, PaulC. Kuo, EdwardJ. Alfrey, J.Augusto Bastidas, DonaldC. Dafoe
Journal: The Lancet (1995)

Acupuncture techniqueSIR-Halvorsen and colleagues (May 6, p 1175) report a fatal case of cardiac tamponade in a woman with a congenital sternal foramen through which an acupuncture needle passed.The acupuncture point used was Ren 17 (Shanzhong or Tanzhong)' at the level of fifth intercostal space in mid-sternum.Acupuncture textbooks show that at Ren 17 the needle must be inserted horizontally or parallel to the sternum, never perpendicularly, and pointed upward or laterally.2&deg;3The accident described seems therefore to have been avoidable.The Brazilian General Medical Council considers acupuncture as a medical act.Even if a doctor does not know about a congenital sternal foramen, commonsense and knowledge of the thickness of the chest wall and the depth of the needle insertion should guarantee safety at this acupuncture point.
Human dendritic cell subsets in NOD/SCID mice engrafted with CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors
Authors: A. Karolina Palucka, Joel Gatlin, Jean Philippe Blanck, Michael W. Melkus, Sandra Clayton, Hideki Ueno, Elizabeth T. Kraus, Petra Cravens, Lynda Bennett, Angela Padgett-Thomas, Florentina Marches, Miguel Islas-Ohlmayer, J. Victor Garcia, Jacques Banchereau
Journal: Blood (2003)