tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Age on Systemic Delivery of Oral Glucose in Men
Authors: Richard P Tonino, Kenneth L Minaker, John W Rowe
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

This study examined the effect of age on the posthepatic delivery of oral glucose (PHDG) during steady-state conditions. We used an intravenous-oral modification of the euglycemic insulin-clamp technique to assess PHDG in six men aged 24–39 yr (young) and eight men aged 65–83 yr (old). Each subject underwent two studies in which insulin was infused at 120 mU.m−2 · min−1 for 3 h, and either oral glucose (45 g) or water was given 60 min after initiating insulin. This level of insulin infusion is known to fully suppress hepatic glucose output. For each subject, PHDG was calculated as the difference between the whole-body glucose disposal rates in the paired studies. The time course of PHDG differed in the two groups (P &amp;lt; .0001), with an overall delay in PHDG in the older men. During the 1st h, younger men showed a greater PHDG (58.6 ± 3.8% of the oral load vs. 45.1 ± 4.2%) than the older group (P = .04). During the 2nd h, PHDG was less in the younger group (20.7 ± 4.9%) than the older group (36.6 ± 3.9%, P = .02). Over the 2-h period, total PHDG was comparable in younger (79.3 ± 7.4%) and older (81.7 ± 7.9%) men. These results indicate that normal aging is associated with significantly delayed but overall equal PHDG in men, consistent with the greater effect of age on 2-h rather than earlier postprandial glucose levels. It reinforces the role of impaired peripheral utilization as the primary mechanism of the glucose intolerance of aging.
Why are circulating concentrations of endothelin-1 so low?
Authors: C. Frelin, D. Guedin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Why are circulating concentrations of endothelin-1 so low? Get access Christian Frelin, Christian Frelin Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de CNRS, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France: C Frelin; Biochimie Cardiovasculaire, Roussel-UCLAF, 102 Route de Noisy, 93235 Romainville Cedex, France: D Guedin. Correspondence to Dr Frelin. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Denis Guedin Denis Guedin Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de CNRS, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France: C Frelin; Biochimie Cardiovasculaire, Roussel-UCLAF, 102 Route de Noisy, 93235 Romainville Cedex, France: D Guedin. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 11, November 1994, Pages 1613–1622, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.11.1613 Published: 01 November 1994 Article history Received: 12 January 1994 Accepted: 05 July 1994 Published: 01 November 1994
Intensive Care for Neurological Trauma and Disease
Authors: Lawrence H. Pitts
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The chapters in this volume are based on talks given at a conference, Current Concepts in Intensive Care for Neurological Trauma and Disease, held in Miami in March 1981. Chapters cover topics ranging from prehospital management of acute neurological illness and trauma to the intensive care phase, and are concise synopses of the authors' experience and practice. Protocols for resuscitation, evaluation, and treatment of neurological dysfunction in adults and children are generally, although not universally, accepted.  The chapters on management of spinal cord and head injuries, multiple injuries, and cerebrovascular disease are useful guides to correct treatment. Those on evaluation of metabolic and renal problems and on pediatric intensive care are excellent. Several other chapters are either too simplistic or too detailed to be of value to the general physicians, nurses, and emergency medical personnel for whom this volume was intended. The large number of typographical errors is distracting.  The
Electrocardiographic Abnormalities and Sudden Death in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: William J. Groh, Miriam R. Groh, Chandan Saha, John C. Kincaid, Zachary Simmons, Emma Ciafaloni, Rahman Pourmand, Richard F. Otten, Deepak Bhakta, Girish V. Nair, Mohammad M. Marashdeh, Douglas P. Zipes, Robert M. Pascuzzi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Sudden death can occur as a consequence of cardiac-conduction abnormalities in the neuromuscular disease myotonic dystrophy type 1. The determinants of the risk of sudden death remain imprecise.
Career Differences between Primary Care and Traditional Trainees in Internal Medicine and Pediatrics
Authors: John Noble, Robert H. Friedman, Barbara Starfield, Arlene Ash, Charlyn Black
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To assess the relation of Primary Care Residency Training to career choice, board certification, and practice location of internists and pediatricians. Design: Cohort study with up to 8 years of follow-up. Setting: The United States. • Participants: The 17 933 residents trained in all internal medicine (13 750) and pediatrics (4183) residency programs between 1977 and 1982 were studied using information from the National Resident Matching Program, the AMA Physician Masterfile, the Area Resource File, and a telephone survey. Measurements: Career choice, board certification, and practice location were studied in relation to five explanatory variables: type of residency (primary care or traditional track), gender, year of medical school graduation, educational orientation of the teaching hospital, and medical school prestige. Main Results: Graduates of primary care residency training programs chose careers in generalist primary care significantly more often than did graduates of traditional tracks in both internal medicine (72% compared with 54%) and pediatrics (88% and 81%, respectively; P < 0.001 for both values). Board certification rates in internal medicine were statistically higher for graduates of primary care training programs (80%) than for graduates of traditional programs (76%, P = 0.002) but were not statistically significant for both groups of pediatric graduates. Graduates of primary care programs in pediatrics and internal medicine practiced in medically less served communities more often than did graduates of traditional programs. Conclusion: Graduates of primary care residency training programs in internal medicine and pediatrics differ from graduates of traditional residency programs in career choices, board certification rates, and practice locations.
A Comparison of Copper Uptake by Liver Plasma Membrane Vesicles and Uptake by Isolated Cultured Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Michelle J. Bingham, Harry J. McArdle
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We studied copper uptake from copper dihistidine complexes by plasma membrane vesicles isolated from rat liver and compared the data with those for uptake under the same conditions by hepatocytes cultured from rat liver to determine whether membrane vesicles can be used to study copper uptake. Marker enzyme analysis showed a 28–fold increase in 5′–nucleotidase activity, a slight increase in endoplasmic reticulum and no contamination with mitochondrial membranes. Copper uptake by vesicles is temperature dependent, and solubilization with Triton X–100 results in a loss of accumulative capacity. Increasing osmotic pressure resulted in a decrease in copper levels in the vesicles at equilibrium, showing that uptake — as opposed to binding by the vesicles—occurred. Uptake by vesicles is concentration dependent, with evidence for cooperation in the uptake sites. The substrate concentration yielding 10% maximum uptake was 4.01 ± 0.5 μmol/L, maximum uptake was 10.8 ± 0.4 nmol/Cu/mg protein min and the n value was 1.5 ± 0.2. In contrast, uptake by cells showed no cooperation (n = 1.09 ± 0.06) and a significantly higher apparent Michaelis–Menten constant (17.4 ± 1.3 μmol/L). As expected, the maximum uptake was lower in the hepatocytes (1.82 ± 0.08 nmol/mg protein min). Albumin, N –ethylmaleimide and zinc all inhibited uptake in vesicles and in hepatocytes, and the degrees of inhibition were similar in both types of preparation. Vitamin C stimulated uptake in both vesicles and hepatocytes; again, there was a correlation between the increase in uptake at different concentrations. However, cadmium inhibited uptake and nickel stimulated uptake in vesicles and neither metal had any effect in hepatocytes. The data show that vesicles have value as a system in which to study copper uptake but that care must be taken in interpreting the information obtained.(HEPATOLOGY 1994;20:1024–1031)
Treatment of severe aplastic anemia with an immunosuppressive agent plus recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin
Authors: Zonghong Shao, Yulin Chu, Yizhi Zhang, Guibin Chen, Yizhou Zheng
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

To evaluate the therapeutic potential of hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) during immunosuppressive treatment (IST) of severe aplastic anemia (SAA), 38 patients with newly diagnosed SAA received IST alone (group I), or IST plus recombinant human erythropoietin and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhEPO + rhGM-CSF) (group II). Eleven patients in each group received antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) for IST, and eight patients in each group received cyclosporine (CSA). Complete remission rates at one year were 26% and 74% for group I and group II patients, respectively. The ALG-treated subgroup showed the greatest differences between treatments. Compared with patients receiving ALG alone, patients treated with ALG plus HGFs had significantly better one-year survival (100% vs. 54.5%, P < 0.05), complete remission rates (91% vs. 36%, P < 0.05), more rapid and complete hematologic recovery, greater reductions in transfusion requirements, and lower infection rates. The data suggest a potential role for rhEPO + rhGM-CSF therapy in SAA patients receiving IST. Am. J. Hematol. 59:185–191, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Large Community Outbreak of Salmonellosis Caused by Intentional Contamination of Restaurant Salad Bars
Authors: Thomas J. Török
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This large outbreak of foodborne disease highlights the challenge of investigating outbreaks caused by intentional contamination and demonstrates the vulnerability of self-service foods to intentional contamination.To investigate a large community outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections.Epidemiologic investigation of patients with Salmonella gastroenteritis and possible exposures in The Dalles, Oregon. Cohort and case-control investigations were conducted among groups of restaurant patrons and employees to identify exposures associated with illness.A community in Oregon. Outbreak period was September and October 1984.A total of 751 persons with Salmonella gastroenteritis associated with eating or working at area restaurants. Most patients were identified through passive surveillance; active surveillance was conducted for selected groups. A case was defined either by clinical criteria or by a stool culture yielding S Typhimurium.The outbreak occurred in 2 waves, September 9 through 18 and September 19 through October 10. Most cases were associated with 10 restaurants, and epidemiologic studies of customers at 4 restaurants and of employees at all 10 restaurants implicated eating from salad bars as the major risk factor for infection. Eight (80%) of 10 affected restaurants compared with only 3 (11%) of the 28 other restaurants in The Dalles operated salad bars (relative risk, 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.4-22.7; P<.001). The implicated food items on the salad bars differed from one restaurant to another. The investigation did not identify any water supply, food item, supplier, or distributor common to all affected restaurants, nor were employees exposed to any single common source. In some instances, infected employees may have contributed to the spread of illness by inadvertently contaminating foods. However, no evidence was found linking ill employees to initiation of the outbreak. Errors in food rotation and inadequate refrigeration on ice-chilled salad bars may have facilitated growth of the S Typhimurium but could not have caused the outbreak. A subsequent criminal investigation revealed that members of a religious commune had deliberately contaminated the salad bars. An S Typhimurium strain found in a laboratory at the commune was indistinguishable from the outbreak strain.This outbreak of salmonellosis was caused by intentional contamination of restaurant salad bars by members of a religious commune.
THE TREATMENT OF FLEXURAL PSORIASIS WITH TRIAMCINOLONE OINTMENT
Authors: OSWALD MORTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article THE TREATMENT OF FLEXURAL PSORIASIS WITH TRIAMCINOLONE OINTMENT Get access OSWALD MORTON, M.B., B.S. OSWALD MORTON, M.B., B.S. Clinical Assistant, Department of Dermatology. Southend General Hospital, Southend, Essex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 10, 1 October 1962, Pages 361–363, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb15907.x Published: 01 October 1962
Deaths from asthma.
Authors: M. W. McCulloch, L. Q. Pun, M. J. Rand
Journal: BMJ (1968)

revealed a characteristic alteration of the ganglion cells with many intracytoplasmic membranous structures which are possibly phospholipids (see Figure ).The close morpho- logical resemblance between these inclusions and those described in amaurotic familial idiocy is apparent when comparing the elec- tronmicrograph of a human cerebral ganglion Electronmicrograph of rat ganglion cell from a chloroquine-treated hooded rat (100 mg./kg.daily for 12 months).The cytoplasm contains many membranous structures.cell in Tay-Sachs disease' with our own ob- servation.The striking similarity between the two entities at both the macroscopic and ultrastructural levels suggests the possibility of common features in the pathogenesis of these specific lesions.-Weare, etc.,
Long-term repopulating ability of xenogeneic transplanted human fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells in sheep.
Authors: E D Zanjani, A W Flake, H Rice, M Hedrick, M Tavassoli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We previously reported on the successful engraftment and long-term multilineage expression (erythroid, myeloid, lymphoid) of human fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells in sheep after transplantation in utero.That the engraftment of longterm repopulating pluripotent stem cells occurred in these animals was shown here by the fact that transplantation of human CD45 + cells isolated from bone marrow of these chimeric ani- mals into preimmune fetal sheep resulted in engraftment and expression of human cells.Marrow cells were obtained from three chimeric sheep at 3.2-3.6yr after transplant.The relative percentage of human CD45+ cells present in these marrows was 3.3±0.32%.A total of 29 X 106 CD45+ cells were isolated by panning, pooled, and transplanted into six preimmune sheep fetuses (4.8 x 106 cells/fetus).All six recipients were born alive.Hematopoietic progenitors exhibiting human karyotype were detected in marrows of two lambs soon after birth.Cells expressing human CD45 antigen were also detected in blood and marrow of both lambs.Human cell expression has been multilineage and has persisted for > 1 yr.These results demonstrate that the expression of human cells in this large animal model resulted from engraftment of long-term repopulating pluripotent human stem cells.(J.Clin.Invest.
Eat well and stay well.
Authors: Philip L. White
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The patient who attempts to follow a modified-fat diet should welcome this book. To follow a low-saturated—high-polyunsaturated-fat regimen, the patient must be informed properly. The physician who prescribes modified-fat diets should first read<i>Eat Well and Stay Well</i>to be sure he is in harmony with Dr. Ancel Keys' concepts. If so, the Keyses' revised edition can be recommended with confidence. I was impressed with the soundness and the depth of the chapters on overweight, obesity, and reducing. These chapters will be most helpful to anyone with a weight problem. Those who may have some doubt about the position the Keyses take on diet and coronary artery disease will soon have those doubts dispelled. The Keyses do not confuse spades and hearts. Even though the authors are occasionally somewhat dogmatic, the reader is never confused about the source of information. Thus it was pleasing to note the care taken to
Fluorescein Studies of Diabetic Retinopath
Authors: D. J. Scott, C. T. Dollery, D. W. Hill, J. V. Hodge, R. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Jaundice-Dawson BRITISH that a mannitol diuresis exerts a protective effect against anoxia.Mannitol has been suggested as a pro- phylactic measure against the development of post-operative renal failure in patients at risk-for example, cross-clamping of the abdominal aorta during grafting (Barry et al., 1961).Moore (1963) also recommends its use in similar circumstances and suggests that it might prove of prophylactic value in deeply jaundiced patients undergoing operation.The results of these experiments strongly support this recommendation.An investigation into the effect of mannitol on sequential renal function studies in jaundiced patients undergoing operation is at present being made.
Sensations induced by medium and long chain triglycerides: role of gastric tone and hormones
Authors: R Barbera, M Peracchi, F Brighenti, B Cesana, P A Bianchi, G Basilisco
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> The relative roles of gastric relaxation and the neuroendocrine signals released by the small intestine in the perception of nutrient induced sensations are controversial. The different effects of long chain (LCT) and medium chain (MCT) triglyceride ingestion on perception, gastric relaxation, and hormonal release may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying nutrient induced sensations. <h3>AIMS</h3> To compare the effects of intraduodenal LCT and MCT infusions on perception, gastric tone, and plasma gut hormone levels in healthy subjects. <h3>SUBJECTS</h3> Nine fasting healthy volunteers. <h3>METHODS</h3> The subjects received duodenal infusions of saline followed by LCTs and MCTs in a randomised order on two different days. The sensations were rated on a visual analogue scale. Gastric tone was measured using a barostat, and plasma gut hormone levels by radioimmunoassay. <h3>RESULTS</h3> LCT infusion increased satiation scores, reduced gastric tone, and increased the levels of plasma cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, neurotensin, and pancreatic polypeptide. MCT infusion reduced gastric tone but did not significantly affect perception or plasma gut hormone levels. LCTs produced greater gastric relaxation than MCTs. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The satiation induced by intraduodenal LCT infusion seems to involve changes in gastric tone and plasma gut hormone levels. The gastric relaxation induced by MCT infusion, together with the absence of any significant change in satiation scores and plasma hormone levels, suggests that, at least up to a certain level, gastric relaxation is not sufficient to induce satiation and that nutrient induced gastric relaxation may occur through cholecystokinin independent mechanisms.
Alcohol intake and mortality
Authors: A G Shaper
Journal: BMJ (1994)

efforts" should be made to secure the attendance of the parents or carers, but if they cannot be notified the application can still be dealt with.Wardship proceedings can also be used.Judges are available on a 24 hour basis to deal with such emergency applications.Hospitals and surgeries should ensure that they have the up to date emergency telephone numbers.If necessary the police can prevent the child being removed from the hospital.If a child must be traced urgently, social services and the police should be contacted; wardship proceedings give access to additional search facilities.If there is no time to apply to court the procedure laid down by the Home Office should be followed.4Medical staff should fully familiarise themselves with the legal rules if tragedies like the death of Nakhira are to be avoided.
Abstract 3408: Ovarian cancer stem cell cytokine microenvironment
Authors: Vera V. Levina, Adele Marrangoni, Elieser Gorelik, Robert Edwards, Anna Lokshin
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Objectives: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is an extremely aggressive disease associated with a lack of early symptoms, rapid progression to peritoneal metastases, and poor prognosis for patients. Currently available treatments are not effective in preventing or slowing metastatic spread, and the therapeutic resistance of EOC remains a major unresolved clinical and scientific problem. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent the most aggressive part of the tumor. CSCs are drug resistant and are thought to be responsible for the failure of chemotherapy. Earlier, we demonstrated that chemotherapy can lead to selection of CSCs. We hypothesized that malignancy of CSCs was associated with an efficient cytokine network. Methods: Ovarian CSCs and primary adherent epithelial cultures were established from ascites from ovarian cancer patient with stage III EOC. Ovarian CSCs were isolated using magnetic beads separation columns and human CD133 and CD44 Microbead kits from Miltenyl Biotec and were grown as tumor spheres. The High Content Screening (HCS) and High Content Analysis (HCA) platform from Thermo Scientific Cellomics was applied to study the CSC markers, embryonic markers, transcription factors, epithelial mesenchimal transition markers, cytokines, chemokines, growth and angiogenetic factor receptor expression and intracellular cytokine accumulation. Multiplex xMAP technology was used for the analysis of human cytokines and growth factors in cell culture medium. An in vivo SCID mouse model was used for the analysis of tumorigenity of bulk EOC cells and CSCs. Results: We established primary EOC cell lines and CSCs from ascites of 3 EOC patients. We confirmed that cells growing in tumor spheres demonstrate all the properties of CSCs: they express high levels of CSCs markers and low levels of differentiated markers, they have capacity to self-renew and differentiate, and they are highly tumorigenic in SCID mice. The EMT and CSC phenotypes were both exhibited in ovarian CSCs. We found that ovarian CSCs have a specific cytokine microenvironment involving the up-regulation of multiple cytokine-receptor axes. Conclusions: Our findings provide new knowledge regarding ovarian CSC biology. They elucidate the important role of the specific cytokine-receptor signaling axis for the self-renewal and proliferation of ovarian CSCs. We concluded that an optimal antitumor efficacy will be achieved by inhibiting both tumor cell populations: CSCs and bulk EOC cells. We suggest that combining two treatment modalities, e.g. RTK inhibitor that targets CSCs, and cisplatin that eradicates bulk tumor cells will represent a novel paradigm in EOC therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3408. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3408