tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Television Viewing With Fasting and 2-h Postchallenge Plasma Glucose Levels in Adults Without Diagnosed Diabetes
Authors: David W. Dunstan, Jo Salmon, Genevieve N. Healy, Jonathan E. Shaw, Damien Jolley, Paul Z. Zimmet, Neville Owen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We examined the associations of television viewing time with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose (2-h PG) levels in Australian adults.A total of 8,357 adults aged > 35 years who were free from diagnosed diabetes and who attended a population-based cross-sectional study (Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study [AusDiab]) were evaluated. Measures of FPG and 2-h PG were obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test. Self-reported television viewing time (in the previous week) was assessed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S) and beta-cell function (HOMA-%B) were calculated based on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations.After adjustment for confounders and physical activity time, time spent watching television in women was positively associated with 2-h PG, log fasting insulin, and log HOMA-%B and inversely associated with log HOMA-%S (P < 0.05) but not with FPG. No significant associations were observed with glycemic measures in men. The beta-coefficients across categories of average hours spent watching television per day (< 1.0, 1.0-1.9, 2.0-2.9, 3.0-3.9, and > or = 4.0) for 2-h PG in women were 0 (reference), 0.009, 0.047, 0.473, and 0.501, respectively (P for trend = 0.02).Our findings highlight the unique deleterious relationship of sedentary behavior (indicated by television viewing time) and glycemic measures independent of physical activity time and adiposity status. These relationships differed according to sex and type of glucose measurement, with the 2-h PG measure being more strongly associated with television viewing. The findings suggest an important role for reducing sedentary behavior in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, especially in women.
SPECKLE-BASED STRAIN IS AN EARLY MARKER OF INTRA-VENTRICULAR DYSSYNCHRONY IN MURINE GENETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Satsuki Yamada, Garvan C. Kane, Timothy J. Nelson, Carmen M. Perez-Terzic, Frits W. Prinzen, Angelo Auricchio, Andre Terzic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Passive immunization against tumor necrosis factor partially abrogates interleukin 2 toxicity.
Authors: D L Fraker, H N Langstein, J A Norton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Passive immunization against TNF allowed non-tumor-bearing C3H/HEN mice and tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice to tolerate significantly more doses of IL-2 before death (p less than 0.005 and p less than 0.001, respectively). The antitumor effect of IL-2 against both 3-d and 10-d pulmonary metastases was maintained in mice treated concurrently with neutralizing antibodies to TNF. In one experiment with 10-d pulmonary metastases, increased administration of IL-2 made possible by passive immunization against TNF significantly improved the antitumor response compared to equitoxic doses of IL-2 and control antibody. The results indicate that TNF is a mediator of IL-2 toxicity but contributes minimally to the antitumor effects of IL-2. Strategies to inhibit TNF may improve the therapeutic index of IL-2 as a neoplastic agent.
Echographic Evaluation and Findings in Metastatic Melanoma to Extraocular Muscles
Authors: Cathy DiBernardo, Elba M. Pacheco, J. Randall Hughes, W. Jackson Iliff, Sandra Frazier Byrne
Journal: Ophthalmology (1996)

Purpose: Metastatic melanoma to the extraocular muscles is an extremely rare condition characterized by marked enlargement of the involved muscles. The authors describe the echographic characteristics of metastatic melanoma to extraocular muscles. Methods: The authors used standardized echography (standardized A-scan and contact B-scan) to examine two patients known to have malignant melanoma elsewhere with metastatic melanoma to the extraocular muscles. Both patients had orbital lesions with similar echographic characteristics. Results: Echographically, metastatic melanoma to an extraocular muscle spares the tendon and produces marked thickening of the muscle belly fibers. Other echographic findings include low internal reflectivity, regular internal structure, and vascularity (similar to uveal melanoma). These previously unreported echographic features may be unique to metastatic melanoma to an extraocular muscle. Conclusion: Echography can be a useful adjunct in detecting and diagnosing suspected metastatic melanoma to the extraocular muscles in patients with clinical signs of an orbital mass and known melanoma elsewhere or in the absence of a known primary lesion. Purpose: Metastatic melanoma to the extraocular muscles is an extremely rare condition characterized by marked enlargement of the involved muscles. The authors describe the echographic characteristics of metastatic melanoma to extraocular muscles. Methods: The authors used standardized echography (standardized A-scan and contact B-scan) to examine two patients known to have malignant melanoma elsewhere with metastatic melanoma to the extraocular muscles. Both patients had orbital lesions with similar echographic characteristics. Results: Echographically, metastatic melanoma to an extraocular muscle spares the tendon and produces marked thickening of the muscle belly fibers. Other echographic findings include low internal reflectivity, regular internal structure, and vascularity (similar to uveal melanoma). These previously unreported echographic features may be unique to metastatic melanoma to an extraocular muscle. Conclusion: Echography can be a useful adjunct in detecting and diagnosing suspected metastatic melanoma to the extraocular muscles in patients with clinical signs of an orbital mass and known melanoma elsewhere or in the absence of a known primary lesion.
Lower-Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease among Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Ann O’Hare, Kirsten Johansen
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

ABSTRACT. Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) accounts for significant morbidity and mortality among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients but has not been as extensively studied as other kinds of atherosclerotic disease in this population. The current epidemiology and management of PAOD in ESRD patients is here reviewed and target areas for future research are identified. The prevalence of PAOD appears to be much higher among ESRD patients than in the general population. Risk factors for disease among ESRD patients are not well understood but probably include both conventional and dialysis or uremia-associated risk factors. Standard diagnostic techniques used to identify PAOD in the general population may not be as helpful in ESRD patients because many of these tests are inaccurate in the settings of vascular calcification and small-vessel disease. Despite the fact that this is a common disease in ESRD patients, most of these patients are not screened for PAOD. Interventions that have proven effective in the prevention and treatment of PAOD in the general population, such as smoking cessation, preventive foot care, and exercise, have not been systematically applied to ESRD patients. Furthermore, the optimal management of ischemic ulceration and gangrene in ESRD patients is quite controversial, and better algorithms for the prevention and management of PAOD in ESRD patients are needed. In conclusion, PAOD is common in ESRD patients. Future research should identify risk factors for disease in this population, and efforts should be made to develop strategies for the effective prevention and management of limb ischemia in this population.
Clinical course of thoracic cancers in Hodgkin's disease survivors
Authors: P. Das, A.K. Ng, M.A. Stevenson, P.M. Mauch
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)

Hodgkin's disease survivors have a high risk of subsequently developing thoracic cancers. Our goal was to evaluate the prognosis and treatment outcomes of thoracic cancers after Hodgkin's disease.Thirty-three patients treated for Hodgkin's disease at Harvard-affiliated hospitals subsequently developed small-cell lung carcinoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) or mesothelioma. Information was obtained from medical records about the initial treatment for Hodgkin's disease, any salvage therapy, smoking history, and the stage, histology, treatment and survival for thoracic cancers.Of the 33 patients, 29 (88%) had a history of radiotherapy to the thorax, 17 (52%) had received alkylating chemotherapy, and 24 (73%) had a known history of smoking. The median time between diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease and diagnosis of thoracic cancer was 17.3 years (range 1.2-27.9 years). Among patients with NSCLC and a known stage, 85% presented with stage III or stage IV disease. Among patients whose treatment details were available, 40% underwent surgery, 40% received radiotherapy and 65% received chemotherapy. The median survival was 9 months (range 1-47 months).Most patients with thoracic cancers after Hodgkin's disease have a history of exposure to risk factors and present at an advanced stage. Patients with thoracic cancers after Hodgkin's disease have a poor survival.
Numerical Simulation of Conduction Delay in Blocked Purkinje Tissue
Authors: Fred H. Terry, James R. Wennemark, Daniel A. Brody
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

The model used for passive conduction in muscle fibers consisted of a region of nonpropagating fiber of variable length, bounded proximally and distally by normal active tissue. The voltage variation on this fiber was governed by the passive wave equation. This system was analyzed by Fourier series techniques on the digital computer, using a cardiac action potential as the input. With a fixed distal threshold, delays up to 45 msec were simulated by varying the length of nonconducting fiber. Delay time was very sensitive to the extent of the inactive region. Inactive tissue lengths of 1.6 mm and 2.0 mm caused delays of 6.1 msec and 11.7 msec, respectively, but lengths of 2.35 mm and 2.36 mm caused delays of 31.7 msec and 40.0 msec, respectively. Inactive areas longer than 2.37 mm caused complete block. With inactive regions 2.35 mm long, a 5% reduction in distal threshold reduced the delay time 35% and a 5% increase caused complete block. Delay time was also sensitive to variations in the membrane parameters. A 10% reduction in membrane capacitance produced approximately a 10% decrease in delay, but such a reduction in membrane resistance caused approximately a 10% increase in delay. Curves recorded in blocked regions of canine Purkinje fibers were simulated by superimposing nonpropagating potentials from proximal and distal sites. The familiar two-component wave forms and other contour variations were quite realistic in the simulation, demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting voltage variations in nonpropagating Purkinje tissue.
Coarse particulate matter associated with increased risk of emergency hospital admissions for pneumonia in Hong Kong
Authors: Hong Qiu, Lin Wei Tian, Vivian C Pun, Kin-fai Ho, Tze Wai Wong, Ignatius T S Yu
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Epidemiological research on the effects of coarse particles (PM<sub>c</sub>, particulate matter between 2.5 and 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter) on respiratory morbidity is sparse and inconclusive. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of lung caused by infections, which may be triggered and exacerbated by PM<sub>c</sub> exposure. <h3>Aim</h3> To estimate the effect of PM<sub>c</sub> on emergency hospital admissions for pneumonia after controlling for PM<sub>2.5</sub> and gaseous pollutants. <h3>Method</h3> PM<sub>c</sub> concentrations were estimated by subtracting PM<sub>2.5</sub> from PM<sub>10</sub> measurements in each of the 10 air monitoring stations from January 2011 to December 2012 in Hong Kong and then citywide daily average concentrations of PM<sub>c</sub> were computed from the 10 stations. Generalised additive Poisson models were used to examine the relationship between PM<sub>c</sub> and daily emergency hospital admissions for pneumonia, adjusting for PM<sub>2.5</sub> and gaseous pollutants (NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>). Subgroup analyses by gender and age were also performed to identify the most susceptible subpopulations. <h3>Results</h3> PM<sub>c</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> were significantly associated with emergency pneumonia hospitalisations. Every 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increment of PM<sub>c</sub> in the past 4 days (lag<sub>0</sub>–lag<sub>3</sub>) was associated with a 3.33% (95% CI 1.54% to 5.15%) increase in emergency hospitalisations for pneumonia. The effect estimates of PM<sub>c</sub> were robust to the adjustment of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub> or SO<sub>2</sub>, but attenuated on the inclusion of O<sub>3</sub> in the model. Women, children and older people might be more vulnerable to PM<sub>c</sub> exposure. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Short-term PM<sub>c</sub> exposure is associated with emergency hospitalisations for pneumonia in Hong Kong. Air quality regulation specifically for PM<sub>c</sub> might be considered.
Inflammatory Genes in Epicardial Fat Contiguous With Coronary Atherosclerosis in the Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Harold S. Sacks, John N. Fain, Paramjeet Cheema, Suleiman W. Bahouth, Edward Garrett, Rodney Y. Wolf, David Wolford, Joseph Samaha
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE To determine changes in gene expression in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) associated with coronary atherosclerosis (CAD) and effects of pioglitazone therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Genes were quantified by RT-PCR in EAT and thoracic subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) obtained during surgery in CAD patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) or type 2 diabetes and control subjects with minimal or no CAD and no MS or type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Increased expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-10, a trend for higher IL-1β, and no change in peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) was found in EAT from MS or type 2 diabetes. Only PPARγ mRNA was reduced in SAT. Pioglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetes was associated with decreased expression of IL-1β, IL-1Ra, and IL-10 in EAT; decreased IL-10 in SAT; and increased PPARγ in SAT. CONCLUSIONS In MS and type 2 diabetes with CAD, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes were differentially increased in EAT and selectively reduced in association with pioglitazone treatment.
Antigen heterogeneity of human B and T lymphocytes.
Authors: E M Rabellino, H M Grey, S LaForge, B Pirofsky, N Kashiwagi, A Malley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Rhesus monkeys were immunized with normal human lymphoid cells, cultured lymphoid cells, and chronic leukemic lymphocytes. Antisera were analyzed by cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence techniques to study the antigenic characteristics of human lymphocytes. In an attempt to obtain a reagent specifically reactive with T (thymus-derived) lymphocytes, an antispleen antiserum was absorbed with cellf from five B- (bone marrow-derived) cell lines. After absorption, the antiserum killed 60-75% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and 40-50% of tonsil cells, so that there was a relationship between the percentage of killed cells and the proportion of T lymphocytes. However, when cells after cytotoxic treatment were assayed for rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (a T-cell marker) 5-20% of viable rosette-forming lymphocytes were found. Therefore, this antiserum was cytotoxic for only 75-90% of T cells. From studies performed with antisera prepared against spleen and B-cell lines, we conclude that lymphoblastoid cells are antigenically different and deficient in comparison to normal B lymphocytes. In addition, cultured B-cell lines appear to be antigenically heterogenous, as shown by the cytotoxic activity remaining in antispleen and anti-B-cell lines sera after absorption with various numbers and types of lymphoid cell lines. After absorption with normal lymphocytes, an antiserum produced against chronic lymphatic leukemia cells had specific activity associated with 12 chronic lymphatic leukemia cells tested. Absorption of the same antiserum with leukemic cells from two patients showed that a certain degree of antigenic heterogeneity also exists among chronic leukemic lymphocytes.
NF-κB in the Vascular Progression of Melanoma
Authors: Mohammed Kashani-Sabet, Ladan Shaikh, James R. Miller, Mehdi Nosrati, Carlos M.M. Ferreira, Robert J. Debs, Richard W. Sagebiel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

To examine a model of melanoma progression based on vascular factors and the role of NF-kappa B in the vascular progression of melanoma.A data set of 526 patients from the University of California San Francisco Melanoma Center with 2 years of follow-up or first relapse was studied. The impact of the presence or absence of various prognostic factors on overall survival of melanoma patients was assessed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. A matched-pair analysis of NF-kappa B expression was performed in cases with vascular involvement and increased tumor vascularity versus matched controls lacking these factors.Cox regression analysis of factors evaluated by the American Joint Committee on Cancer Melanoma Staging Committee reproduced the powerful impact of tumor thickness and ulceration in this data set. With the inclusion of vascular factors such as tumor vascularity and vascular involvement, ulceration was no longer significant in predicting overall survival. By multivariate analysis, vascular involvement and tumor vascularity were the strongest predictors of melanoma outcome. Tumor vascularity seems to be a precursor of both vascular involvement and ulceration. A matched-pair tissue array analysis demonstrated the significant correlation between overexpression of NF-kappa B-p65 and the development of vascular factors.Vascular factors play an important role in the progression of malignant melanoma. Ulceration may be a surrogate marker for the interactions between melanoma and the tumor vasculature. NF-kappa B seems to play an important role in the development of these factors.
Survival during treatment with tumour necrosis factor blocking agents in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M Flendrie
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blocking agents are an important advance in the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They were introduced into clinical practice while limited safety information was available. This means that intensive monitoring is needed early in the life cycle of these new drugs. Setting up large cohort studies to monitor efficacy, safety, and tolerability in long term use of these so-called biological agents will provide information about the consequences of using TNF blocking agents in chronic rheumatic disease like RA. Currently, a Dutch multicentre registry on biological agents in RA is being set up. This study aimed at investigating the efficacy and toxicity of TNF blocking agents in patients with RA at one participating academic centre by a drug survival analysis. Since 1997 230 patients with RA at the centre have been treated with TNF blocking agents for the first time (94 with adalimumab, 120 with infliximab, and 16 with etanercept). No differences in drug survival between the three TNF blocking agents were found despite the diversity in selection and patient numbers. Adverse events which occurred, leading to discontinuation, were similar to those from previous reports.
Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: report of a series
Authors: V. Ambrosini, A. Cancellieri, M. Chilosi, M. Zompatori, R. Trisolini, L. Saragoni, V. Poletti
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

This study describes five cases presenting an acute clinical course of pulmonary fibrosis, in the absence of specific precipitating factors. A retrospective chart review of five patients with histologically proved usual interstitial pneumonia was carried out in 2001–2002. Clinical data, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings, high resolution computed tomography and histological features were reported. On admission all cases presented hypoxemia and dyspnoea, while some showed an increase of carbohydrate antigen 19.9 or laboratory tests typical of infection, although appropriate cultures were all negative. Altogether, four subjects died and only one is on follow-up. A pattern of diffuse ground-glass or alveolar opacification superimposed on reticular and linear findings was evident on lung imaging in all cases. Marked neutrophilia, together with type II reactive cells hyperplasia, was detected on BAL. Histological findings, from open lung biopsy or autopsy, showed all the aspects of usual interstitial pnemonia with superimposed features of acute lung injury, such as diffuse alveolar damage, with or without hyaline membranes, type II reactive cells hyperplasia and numerous fibroblastic foci. This study also underlines the diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage versus open lung biopsy.
The Big Problem
Authors: Priyanka Gosain
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

On Being a Doctor7 May 2013The Big ProblemPriyanka Gosain, MDPriyanka Gosain, MDFrom John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-9-201305070-00013 Audio Reading - “The Big Problem” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "The Big Problem," by P. Gosain. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail One last arterial blood gas for a patient with possible obesity hypoventilation syndrome and I would be done for the day. I entered after a quick knock, not waiting for a reply. “I need to do a blood test,” I began. She took her eyes off the TV and looked in my direction. I knew that look—the one where the patient knows you are just an intern and can be shooed away. She told me to come back later. She wanted to finish eating a bag of candy.I was annoyed at having to waste my time on someone who ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois.Corresponding Author: Priyanka Gosain, MD, 1900 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “The Big Problem” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "The Big Problem," by P. Gosain. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 May 2013Volume 158, Issue 9Page: 703KeywordsCardiovascular therapyEatingHypertensionInpatientsObesityOverweightPrimary care physiciansSaltsStrokeWeight loss ePublished: 7 May 2013 Issue Published: 7 May 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...