tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does a Quality Improvement Intervention for Anxiety Result in Differential Outcomes for Lower-Income Patients?
Authors: Greer Sullivan, Cathy Sherbourne, Denise A. Chavira, Michelle G. Craske, Daniela Gollineli, Xiaotong Han, Raphael D. Rose, Alexander Bystritsky, Murray B. Stein, Peter Roy-Byrne
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Objective The authors examined the effects of a collaborative care intervention for anxiety disorders in primary care on lower-income participants relative to those with higher incomes. They hypothesized that lower-income individuals would show less improvement or improve at a lower rate, given that they would experience greater economic stress over the treatment course. An alternative hypothesis was that lower-income participants would improve at a higher rate because the intervention facilitates access to evidence-based treatment, which typically is less available to persons with lower incomes. Method Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with lower (N=287) and higher (N=717) income were compared using t tests and chi-square tests for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. For the longitudinal analysis of intervention effects by income group, the outcome measures were jointly modeled at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 months by study site, income, time, intervention, time and intervention, income and time, income and intervention, and time, intervention, and income. Results Although lower-income participants were more ill and had greater disability at baseline than those with higher incomes, the two income groups were similar in clinical response. The lower-income participants experienced a comparable degree of clinical improvement, despite receiving fewer treatment sessions, less relapse prevention, and less continuous care. Conclusions These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion as to whether or not, and to what extent, quality improvement interventions work equally well across income groups or require tailoring for specific vulnerable populations.
When Not Enough Is Too Much: The Role of Insufficient Glucocorticoid Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Stress-Related Disorders
Authors: Charles L. Raison, Andrew H. Miller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: Previous theories have emphasized the role of excessive glucocorticoid activity in the pathology of chronic stress. Nevertheless, insufficient glucocorticoid signaling (resulting from decreased hormone bioavailability or reduced hormone sensitivity) may have equally devastating effects on bodily function. Such effects may be related in part to the role of glucocorticoids in restraining activation of the immune system and other components of the stress response, including the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). METHOD: The literature on neuroendocrine function and glucocorticoid-relevant pathologies in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression, was reviewed. RESULTS: Although not occurring together, both hypocortisolism and reduced responsiveness to glucocorticoids (as determined by dexamethasone challenge tests) were reliably found. Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders were also associated with immune system activation/inflammation, high SNS tone, and CRH hypersecretion, which are all consistent with insufficient glucocorticoid-mediated regulation of stress hyperresponsiveness. Finally, antidepressants, a mainstay in the treatment of stress-related disorders, were regularly associated with evidence of enhanced glucocorticoid signaling. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroendocrine data provide evidence of insufficient glucocorticoid signaling in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. Impaired feedback regulation of relevant stress responses, especially immune activation/inflammation, may, in turn, contribute to stress-related pathology, including alterations in behavior, insulin sensitivity, bone metabolism, and acquired immune responses. From an evolutionary perspective, reduced glucocorticoid signaling, whether achieved at the level of the hormone or its receptor, may foster immune readiness and increase arousal. Emphasis on insufficient glucocorticoid signaling in stress-related pathology encourages development of therapeutic strategies to enhance glucocorticoid signaling pathways.
Plasma myeloperoxidase is inversely associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilation in elderly subjects with abnormal glucose metabolism
Authors: Leonard P. van der Zwan, Tom Teerlink, Jacqueline M. Dekker, Ronald M.A. Henry, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, Cornelis Jakobs, Robert J. Heine, Peter G. Scheffer
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Quotidian cognition and the human-nonhuman “divide”: Just more or less of a good thing?
Authors: Drew Rendall, John R. Vokey, Hugh Notman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract We make three points: (1) Overlooked studies of nonhuman communication originally inspired, but no longer support, the blinkered view of mental continuity that Penn et al. critique. (2) Communicative discontinuities between animals and humans might be rooted in social-cognitive discontinuities, reflecting a common lacuna in Penn et al.'s relational reinterpretation mechanism. (3) However, relational reinterpretation need not be a qualitatively new representational process.
Identification of the erythrocyte binding domains of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi proteins involved in erythrocyte invasion.
Authors: C E Chitnis, L H Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Plasmodium vivax and the related monkey malaria, P. knowlesi, require interaction with the Duffy blood group antigen, a receptor for a family of chemokines that includes interleukin 8, to invade human erythrocytes. One P. vivax and three P. knowlesi proteins that serve as erythrocyte binding ligands in such interactions share sequence homology. Expression of different regions of the P. vivax protein in COS7 cells identified a cysteine-rich domain that bound Duffy blood group-positive but not Duffy blood group-negative human erythrocytes. The homologous domain of the P. knowlesi proteins also bound erythrocytes, but had different specificities. The P. vivax and P. knowlesi binding domains lie in one of two regions of homology with the P. falciparum sialic acid binding protein, another erythrocyte binding ligand, indicating conservation of the domain for erythrocyte binding in evolutionarily distant malaria species. The binding domains of these malaria ligands represent potential vaccine candidates and targets for receptor-blockade therapy.
A 30-year-old woman with acute knee injury
Authors: Suzanne Witjes, Tammo H Pels Rijcken, Cor P van der Hart
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

See page 1390 for the question. 

Additional MRI showed a prominent bone contusion at the location of the radiographically visible depression in the lateral femur condyle (figure 2). Remarkably, also a bone bruise was observed at the posterolateral side of the tibial plateau (figure 3). Furthermore, an empty notch sign, full disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), oedema around an intact medial collateral ligament and an accompanying tear of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus were also observed on MR (figure 4). The increased depth of the femoral notch, visible on the lateral plain knee radiograph, is an infrequent but characteristic radiological image, known as ‘lateral (femoral) notch sign’.



Figure 2 
Sagittal MR fat suppressed PD-weighted image shows marrow oedema (solid arrow) around a deep femoral sulcus in the lateral femoral condyle. PD, proton density.





Figure 3 
Coronal short T1 inversion recovery (STIR) heavily T2-weighted MRI shows bone bruise (solid arrow) on the posterolateral side of the tibial plateau as well.





Figure 4 
Sagittal non-fat-suppressed PD-weighted images show an anterior cruciate ligament tear (A, solid white arrow) and a tear of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus, reaching the surface (B, white arrow). PD, proton density.



The ‘lateral notch sign’ is an abnormally deep lateral condylopatellar sulcus due to a compression fracture of the lateral femoral condyle, which has been described as an indirect sign of ACL rupture. It is caused by impression of the lateral femoral condyle against the posterior lateral corner of the tibial plateau, during subluxation in the case of acute ACL tear, similar to a Hill-Sachs lesion of the humerus caused by anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. This impaction causes a pattern of injuries well known as ‘kissing contusions’, which are usually radiographic occult injuries to the cartilage and bone. In 92–100% of patients with acute ACL rupture, …
Investigation of Bone-Marrow Stem Cell Proliferation in Normal, Anemic, and Irradiated Rats, Using Methotrexate and Tritiated Thymidine
Authors: Blackett Nm
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

The proliferation of bone-marrow stem cells which repopteula bone-marrow-depleted hosts has been studied in the rat by the use of methotrexate and by the method of tritiated-thymidine suicide. Experiments required to establish the validity of these methods are described. Methotrexate was used to kill cells as they entered a particular stage in the cell cycle, and an estimate was obtained for the mean cell-cycle time for normal rats in the range of from 23–35 hours. In conjunction with tritiated-thymidine suicide measurements, it was estimated that the DNA synthesis lasted from 6–14 hours. Rats with protracted anemia showed no measurable change from normal in “repopulating ability” or in the effect of methotrexate, indicating that these cells play no significant part in the maintenance of increased red cell production over an extended period of time. The repopulating ability of rats exposed to continuous γ-radiation at 45 rads/day, on the other hand, was only 10–15% of normal, and with methotrexate it was shown that these cells were proliferating considerably more rapidly than normal.
Pontin and Reptin, Two Related ATPases with Multiple Roles in Cancer
Authors: Otmar Huber, Ludovic Ménard, Valérie Haurie, Alexandra Nicou, Danièle Taras, Jean Rosenbaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Studies in model organisms or cultured human cells suggest potential implications in carcinogenesis for the AAA+ ATPases Pontin and Reptin. Both proteins are associated with several chromatin-remodeling complexes and have many functions including transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair, and telomerase activity. They also interact with major oncogenic actors such as β-catenin and c-myc and regulate their oncogenic function. We only now begin to get insight into the role of Pontin and Reptin in human cancers. [Cancer Res 2008;68(17):6873–6]
Progression of a human B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia line in nude mice
Authors: T. Ghose, C. L. Y. Lee, G. Faulkner, L. A. Fernandez, S. H. S. Lee
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of the 85‐4LN subline, derived from a lymph nodal metastasis of the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) transformed human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cell line, EBV‐CLL (1), produced progressively growing lethal tumors in 31/35 nonirradiated (88.6%) and 22/25 (88%) of whole‐body irradiated (440 rad) nude mice. In contrast, EBV‐CLL(1) could produce progressive tumors only in irradiated nude mice. All 85‐4LN cells had Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen and reacted with pan B and anti‐la antibodies. The morphology and ultrastructural features was consistent with the lymphoblastoid nature of the cells. In all s.c tumor bearing mice, there was enlargement of the spleen and draining lymph nodes. Karyological studies revealed human cells in the spleen and draining nodes in all the mice investigated. Metastases in nonlymphoid organs were seen in 1/8 irradiated and 8/12 nonirradiated mice. The subline contained 77% cells with 47,XY,+ 12 and 23% cells with 4,XY karyotype. The clone with trisomy 12 did not have any growth advantage either in s.c. transplants or in splenic/lymph nodal metastases. Treatment with the maximum permissible doses of methotrexate (MTX) or chlorambucil (CBL) revealed xenografts to be more sensitive to MTX than CBL. A clone with a 1g + marker, i.e., 46,XY,Dup (1) (q11→q32) appeared to be associated with resistance to CBL. We have not seen any previous report on the growth and dissemination of human CLL B cells in nonirradiated nude mice. The 85‐4LN subline, thus, provides a model for studying the progression, dissemination and therapeutic response of human CLL‐B cells.
A Classification Model for <i>BRCA2</i> DNA Binding Domain Missense Variants Based on Homology-Directed Repair Activity
Authors: Lucia Guidugli, Vernon S. Pankratz, Namit Singh, James Thompson, Catherine A. Erding, Christoph Engel, Rita Schmutzler, Susan Domchek, Katherine Nathanson, Paolo Radice, Christian Singer, Patricia N. Tonin, Noralane M. Lindor, David E. Goldgar, Fergus J. Couch
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

The relevance of many BRCA2 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) to breast cancer has not been determined due to limited genetic information from families carrying these alterations. Here, we classified six new variants as pathogenic or nonpathogenic by analysis of genetic information from families carrying 64 individual BRCA2 DNA binding domain (DBD) missense mutations using a multifactorial likelihood model of cancer causality. Next, we evaluated the use of a homology-directed DNA break repair (HDR) functional assay as a method for inferring the clinical relevance of VUS in the DBD of BRCA2 using 18 established nonpathogenic missense variants and all 13 established pathogenic missense mutations from the BRCA2 DBD. Compared with the known status of these variants based on the multifactorial likelihood model, the sensitivity of the HDR assay for pathogenic mutations was estimated at 100% [95% confidence interval (CI): 75.3%-100%] and specificity was estimated at 100% (95% CI: 81.5%-100%). A statistical classifier for predicting the probability of pathogenicity of BRCA2 DBD variants was developed using these functional results. When applied to 33 additional VUS, the classifier identified eight with 99% or more probability of nonpathogenicity and 18 with 99% or more probability of pathogenicity. Thus, in the absence of genetic evidence, a cell-based HDR assay can provide a probability of pathogenicity for all VUS in the BRCA2 DBD, suggesting that the assay can be used in combination with other information to determine the cancer relevance of BRCA2 VUS.
Adipose Stromal Cells Differentiate Along a Smooth Muscle Lineage Pathway Upon Endothelial Cell Contact via Induction of Activin A
Authors: Stephanie Merfeld-Clauss, Ivan P. Lupov, Hongyan Lu, Dongni Feng, Peter Compton-Craig, Keith L. March, Dmitry O. Traktuev
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Rationale: Adipose stromal cells (ASC) are therapeutically potent progenitor cells that possess properties of pericytes. In vivo, ASC in combination with endothelial cells (EC) establish functional multilayer vessels, in which ASC form the outer vessel layer and differentiate into mural cells. Objective: To identify factors responsible for ASC differentiation toward the smooth muscle cell phenotype via interaction with EC. Methods and Results: An in vitro model of EC cocultivation with ASC was used, in which EC organized into vascular cords, accompanied by ASC migration toward EC and upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin, SM22α, and calponin expression. Conditioned media from EC–ASC, but not from EC cultures, induced smooth muscle cell protein expression in ASC monocultures. EC–ASC cocultivation induced marked accumulation of activin A but not transforming growth factor-β1 in conditioned media. This was attributed to induction of activin A expression in ASC on contact with EC. Although transforming growth factor-β and activin A were individually sufficient to initiate expression of smooth muscle cell antigens in ASC, only activin A IgG blocked the effect of EC–ASC conditioned media. Although transforming growth factor-β was able to induce activin A expression in ASC, in cocultures this induction was transforming growth factor-β independent. In EC–ASC cocultures, activin A IgG or ALK4/5/7 receptor inhibitors blocked expression of α-smooth muscle actin in ASC in the absence of direct EC-cord contact, but this inhibition was circumvented in ASC by direct EC contact. Conclusions: EC initiate a smooth muscle cell differentiation program in adjacent ASC and propagate this differentiation in distant ASC by induction of activin A expression.
Substituted Interests and Best Judgments
Authors: Daniel P. Sulmasy, Lois Snyder
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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Aberrant prostaglandin synthase 2 expression defines an antigen-presenting cell defect for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: S.A. Litherland, X.T. Xie, A.D. Hutson, C. Wasserfall, D.S. Whittaker, J.-X. She, A. Hofig, M.A. Dennis, K. Fuller, R. Cook, D. Schatz, L.L. Moldawer, M.J. Clare-Salzler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Prostaglandins (PGs) are lipid molecules that profoundly affect cellular processes including inflammation and immune response. Pathways contributing to PG output are highly regulated in antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and monocytes, which produce large quantities of these molecules upon activation. In this report, we demonstrate aberrant constitutive expression of the normally inducible cyclooxygenase PG synthase 2 (PGS2/ COX-2) in nonactivated monocytes of humans with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and those with islet autoantibodies at increased risk of developing this disease. Constitutive PGS2 appears to characterize a high risk for diabetes as it correlates with and predicts a low first-phase insulin response in autoantibody-positive subjects. Abnormal PGS2 expression in at-risk subjects affected immune response in vitro, as the presence of a specific PGS2 inhibitor, NS398, significantly increased IL-2 receptor α-chain (CD25) expression on phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T cells. The effect of PGS2 on CD25 expression was most profound in subjects expressing both DR04 and DQβ0302 high-risk alleles, suggesting that this cyclooxygenase interacts with diabetes-associated MHC class II antigens to limit T-cell activation. These results indicate that constitutive PGS2 expression in monocytes defines an antigen-presenting cell defect affecting immune response, and that this expression is a novel cell-associated risk marker for IDDM.
Randomized Phase II Adjuvant Trial of Dose-Dense Docetaxel Before or After Doxorubicin Plus Cyclophosphamide in Axillary Node-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Shannon Puhalla, Ewa Mrozek, Donn Young, Susan Ottman, Anne McVey, Kari Kendra, Nancy J. Merriman, Mark Knapp, Taral Patel, Mark E. Thompson, James F. Maher, Timothy D. Moore, Charles L. Shapiro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose An anthracycline-based combination followed by, or combined with, a taxane is the sequence used in most adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. We hypothesized that administering the taxane before the anthracycline combination would be associated with fewer dose reductions and delays than the reverse sequence. To test this hypothesis, a randomized phase II multicenter adjuvant chemotherapy trial was performed. Patients and Methods Fifty-six patients with axillary node-positive, nonmetastatic breast cancer were randomly assigned either to group A (docetaxel [DOC] 75 mg/m 2 intravenously [IV] every 14 days for four cycles followed by doxorubicin 60 mg/m 2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m 2 [AC] IV every 14 days for four cycles); or to group B (AC followed by DOC) at the identical doses and schedule. Pegfilgrastim 6 mg subcutaneous injection was administered 1 day after the chemotherapy in all treatment cycles. The primary objective was to administer DOC without dose reductions or delays before or after AC and calculate the relative dose intensity (RDI) of DOC and AC. Results The majority of toxicities were grade 0 to 2 irrespective of sequence. The RDI for DOC was 0.96 and 0.82, respectively, in groups A (DOC followed by AC) and B (AC followed by DOC), with more frequent dose reductions occurring in group B (46% v 18%). The RDI for AC was 0.95 and 0.98 in groups A and B, respectively. Conclusion The administration of DOC before AC results in fewer DOC dose reductions and a higher RDI than the reverse sequence. Larger trials evaluating the sequence of DOC before anthracyclines are justified.
Prophylactic Defibrillator Implantation in Patients with Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Alan Kadish, Alan Dyer, James P. Daubert, Rebecca Quigg, N.A. Mark Estes, Kelley P. Anderson, Hugh Calkins, David Hoch, Jeffrey Goldberger, Alaa Shalaby, William E. Sanders, Andi Schaechter, Joseph H. Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy are at substantial risk for sudden death from cardiac causes. However, the value of prophylactic implantation of an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD) to prevent sudden death in such patients is unknown.
Love sickness and the healing of Rumi
Authors: A. Sheikh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Being in love is manifested by the grief of the heart there is no sickness like the sickness of the heart.The disease of the lover is other than all other diseases love is the astrolabe of God's mysteries.][7][8] Dear reader in 2055, crystal-ball gazing is a foolhardy pursuit.Today, there are countless local and regional projects afoot, both in the UK and elsewhere, aiming to promote mutual understanding and respect, and complementing these are a smattering of key political initiatives on the international stage. 9But the one thing, perhaps above all else, that offers me hope for the world fifty years hence is the increasing and now global interest in the life and works of Rumi. 10 For such is the stature of the man, and the universality of his message, that he can I believe, even today, serve as the elusive bridge between the Orient and Occident. 11In death, just as in life, he continues to remind us that we can and must find other ways