tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Mechanical Alterations and Genotype Specific Differences in Subjects With Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Ida S. Leren, Nina E. Hasselberg, Jørg Saberniak, Trine F. Håland, Erik Kongsgård, Otto A. Smiseth, Thor Edvardsen, Kristina H. Haugaa
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)

This study aimed to explore systolic and diastolic function and to investigate genotype-specific differences in subjects with long QT syndrome (LQTS).LQTS is an arrhythmogenic cardiac ion channelopathy that traditionally has been considered a purely electrical disease. The most commonly affected ion channels are the slow potassium channel, IKs (KCNQ1 gene/LQT1), and the rapid potassium channel, IKr (KCNH2 gene/LQT2). Recent reports have indicated mechanical abnormalities in patients with LQTS.We included 192 subjects with genotyped LQTS (139 LQT1, 53 LQT2). Healthy persons of similar age and sex as patients served as controls (n = 60). Using echocardiography, we assessed systolic function by left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and contraction duration (16 LV segments). Mechanical dispersion was calculated as standard deviation of contraction duration. Time difference between contraction duration and QT interval from electrocardiography (ECG) was defined as electromechanical time difference. We assessed diastolic function by transmitral filling velocities, early diastolic myocardial velocity (e'), and left atrial volume index (LAVI). Heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) was assessed from 12-lead ECG.Systolic function by GLS was reduced in subjects with LQTS compared with healthy controls (-22.1 ± 2.1% vs. -23.0 ± 2.0%, p = 0.01), and GLS was worse in subjects with LQT2 compared with subjects with LQT1 (p = 0.01). Subjects with LQTS had longer contraction duration (426 ± 41 ms vs. 391 ± 36 ms, p < 0.001) and more dispersed contractions (33 ± 14 ms vs. 21 ± 7 ms, p < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. Diastolic function was also reduced in subjects with LQTS compared with healthy controls; e' was lower (10.7 ± 2.7 cm/s vs. 12.5 ± 2.0 cm/s, p < 0.001), and LAVI was increased (30 ± 8 ml/m(2) vs. 26 ± 5 ml/m(2), p = 0.01), also when adjusted for age and other possible confounders.Subjects with LQTS had a consistent reduction in both systolic and diastolic function compared with healthy controls. Differences in myocardial function between subjects with LQT1 and subjects with LQT2 may indicate that mechanical alterations in LQTS are genotype specific.
The Acceptance of Uncertainty
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Much has been made of the need to put the product of medical research into the bag of the practitioner. The exercise of his profession, it is widely maintained, should be constantly molded by the new information that is being delivered in such relentless abundance. Hardly ever mentioned, however, is a need equally important for the doctor: that of adapting his attitude and work to the mass of non-knowledge, to the often overpublicized uncertainties of the times.Theoretically, non-knowledge and controversy should not fluster the physician. He is constantly exposed to the pervasiveness of the uncertain. Etiology, treatment and prognosis . . .
462 DOES HBV-DNA LEVEL PRIOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION INFLUENCE HBV RECURRENCE AND SURVIVAL OF LTX PATIENTS UNDER HBIG AND ORAL ANTIVIRALS?
Authors: I. Campos-Varela, L. Castells, V. Vargas, F. Rodríguez-Frías, I. Bilbao, M. Caralt, M. Buti, R. Charco, R. Esteban, J. Guardia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Over spilt coffee
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1996)

I spilt my coffee over the newspaper at breakfast this morning while cutting out news items of medical interest—which I obsessively save but rarely use. I now have in front of me newspaper clippings as crisp as potato chips, as embrowned as Thomas Hardy's Egdon Heath in November, but not half as exciting as shutting down the government, pursuing Whitewater and Travelgate, or following the Chicago Bulls or New Hampshire primaries.

The first item, of particular interest to anyone struggling with Cerberus-like gatekeepers in Canadian emergency rooms (see my Soundings of 30 September 1995), is about a group of doctors in New Brunswick setting up a public telephone …
779 FAVORABLE CLINICAL OUTCOME IN CHOLANGIOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE CC GENOTYPE IN THE GNB3 825 C&gt;T SNP – A PUTATIVE NOVEL INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC MARKER
Authors: C. Fingas, A. Kahraman, A. Katsounas, H. Nückel, W. Siffert, C. Jochum, G. Gerken, A.E. Canbay
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
1025-100 Patients with WPW Syndrome and Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Shows Prolonged Atrial Conduction Time by Signal-Averaged P-Wave Electrocardiogram
Authors: Roberto Sá, Ivan G. Maia, Fernando Cruz F°, Silvia Boghossian, Marcio Fagundes, Paulo Alves
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The Effect of Maternal Ingestion of Iophenoxic Acid on the Serum Protein-Bound Iodine of the Progeny
Authors: Robert Shapiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IN 1957 Astwood1 reported markedly elevated levels A of serum protein-bound iodine (2000 to 14,000 microgm. per 100 ml.) in a group of patients who had received by mouth a cholecystographic medium, iophenoxic acid [3-(3-hydroxy-2,-4,-6-tri-iodophenyl)2-ethyl propionic acidj.‡ Furthermore, the abnormal iodine values persisted for an inordinately long period — that is, semilogarithmic plotting of the original data indicated that it would take thirty-three years for the level to fall to 1 microgm. per 100 ml. after ingestion of the usual dose of iophenoxic acid (3.0 gm.). The prolonged great elevation of the protein-bound iodine from this medium has been amply . . .
Failure of Testicular Tissue Insemination
Authors: R. G. Bunge
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  A white 32-year-old male presented himself to be evaluated for fertility potential. Three semen samples were devoid of spermatozoa and testicular biopsy specimens were interpreted as normal. A subsequent scrotal exploration revealed bilateral congenital absence of the ductus deferens, and the case was considered hopeless. However, the couple wanted to exhaust all possibilities of having their own children and readily endorsed the concept of using testicular tissue insemination. The wife was considered normal.  On the expected day of ovulation, predicted by the gynecologist on the basis of temperature graphs and the status of the cervical mucous, two pieces of testis having a total weight of approximately one gram were removed from the husband. These were repeatedly put through a fine mesh screen and ultimately suspended in 6 ml of sterile human seminal plasma. Microscopic examination of the plasma revealed many active spermatozoa. The count was 13 million/ml,
MILD HYPOTHERMIA IN THERAPEUTIC RANGE REDUCES PLATELET RESPONSIVENESS TO CLOPIDOGREL BUT NOT TO ASPIRIN
Authors: Jose Luis Ferreiro, José C Sánchez-Salado, Montserrat Gracida, Ana Marcano, Gerard Roura, Gomez-Lara Josep, Albert Ariza, Joan A Gómez-Hospital, Dominick Angiolillo, Angel Cequier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Right coronary artery stenosis: An independent predictor of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Lisa A Mendes, Gilbert P Connelly, Patrice A McKenney, Philip J Podrid, L.Adrienne Cupples, Richard J Shemin, Thomas J Ryan, Ravin Davidoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

Objectives. This study attempted to determine the importance of severe proximal right coronary artery disease as a predictor of atrial fibrillation in patients after coronary artery bypass surgery. Background. Studies in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery have suggested that ischemia in the right coronary artery distribution is associated with a high incidence of atrial fibrillation. However, the importance of right coronary artery disease as a predictor of atrial fibrillation after bypass surgery is unknown. Methods. The occurrence of sustained postoperative atrial fibrillation was studied prospectively in 168 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Patients were followed up postoperatively until discharge. Severe right coronary artery stenosis was defined as ≥70% lumen narrowing. Results. Of 104 patients with proximal or mid right coronary artery stenosis, 45 (43%) had atrial fibrillation postoperatively compared with 12 (19%) of the 64 patients without significant right coronary disease (p = 0.001). Univariate predictors of atrial fibrillation included right coronary artery stenosis (p = 0.001), advancing age (p = 0.0001) and lack of beta-adrenergic blocking agent therapy after bypass surgery (p = 0.0004). Multivariate adjusted risk of developing atrial fibrillation after bypass surgery increased with the presence of severe right coronary artery disease (odds ratio 3.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61 to 8.48), advancing age (odds ratio 2.24/10 years, CI 1.48 to 3.41) and male gender (odds ratio 2.36, CI 1.01 to 5.49). The use of beta-blockers postoperatively was associated with a protective effect (odds ratio 0.4, CI 0.17 to 0.80). Conclusions. The presence of severe right coronary artery stenosis is an independent and powerful predictor of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. In association with age, gender and postoperative beta-blocker therapy, these variables can be used to identify patients at increased risk for developing this arrhythmia.
BMA meeting: doctors vote to stop sale of children's play areas and to cut salt in food
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A limit on salt in common food items and the addition of folic acid to flour were among a raft of public health measures voted through at the British Medical Association’s annual representative meeting.

In a wide ranging debate delegates also passed motions against the sale of children’s play areas for development and called on the government for a “Tobin tax”—a 0.05% tax on the banking sector to raise money for public services.

However, more controversial motions supporting a fat tax and banning alcohol sales at garage forecourts were defeated.

In a long debate on tackling obesity Louisa Harding of the Junior Doctors Committee told delegates that the …
Drugs for Anxiety and Depression
Authors: R. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1962)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Cell mass and composition change with cell cycle progression. Our previous work characterized buoyant mass accumulation dynamics in mitosis (Miettinen et al., 2019), but how dry mass and cell composition change in mitosis has remained unclear. To better understand mitotic cell growth and compositional changes, we develop a single-cell approach for monitoring dry mass and the density of that dry mass every ∼75 seconds with 1.3% and 0.3% measurement precision, respectively. We find that suspension grown mammalian cells lose dry mass and increase dry density following mitotic entry. These changes display large, non-genetic cell-to-cell variability, and the changes are reversed at metaphase-anaphase transition, after which dry mass continues accumulating. The change in dry density causes buoyant and dry mass to differ specifically in early mitosis, thus reconciling existing literature on mitotic cell growth. Mechanistically, the dry composition changes do not require mitotic cell swelling or elongation. Instead, cells in early mitosis increase lysosomal exocytosis, and inhibition of exocytosis prevents the dry composition from changing. Overall, our work provides a new approach for monitoring single-cell dry mass and composition and reveals that mitosis is coupled to extensive exocytosis-mediated secretion of cellular contents.
Pseudotumour of the tongue caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 in an HIV-1 infected immunosuppressed patient
Authors: None Husak, None Tebbe, None Goerdt, None WOlfer, None Zeichardt, None STOffler-Meilicke, None Orfanos
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

An HIV-1 infected immunosuppressed patient (CD4+ cell counts: 382 cells/microL; viral load 94,000 copies/mL) with recurrent perianal herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections is described, showing an unusual exophytic tumour resembling a squamous cell carcinoma in the lateral part of the tongue. He also had persistent facial herpes infection, oral candidosis, oral hairy leukoplakia and lymphadenopathy. The presence of HSV-2 was detected by polymerase chain reaction both in smears and in a tissue biopsy taken from the involved tongue area. Treatment with brivudin, a new oral virustatic drug, led to rapid regression of the tumour.
Pegylated interferon-alfa-2a induces complete hematologic and molecular responses with low toxicity in polycythemia vera
Authors: Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Bruno Cassinat, Sylvie Chevret, Pascal Turlure, Nathalie Cambier, Murielle Roussel, Sylvia Bellucci, Bernard Grandchamp, Christine Chomienne, Pierre Fenaux
Journal: Blood (2008)
Scant Attention to Pediatric Hepatitis C Means Most Children Are Left Behind
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2010)

THE GREAT UNKNOWN IN PEDIATric hepatitis C infection is what course the disease will take as patients mature from childhood to adolescence and into adulthood. Some will spontaneously clear the infection, while others eventually may develop liver cancer. But researchers find it difficult, if not impossible, to arrive at any conclusions about disease progression because so few children infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are identified early in their lives. The Institute of Medicine made the case in a January report for stepped-up surveillance of hepatitis B and C infection, but a recent study highlights the particular inadequacies in diagnosing and treating children and teens infected with hepatitis C. “There’s a frightening lack of awareness among both the public and clinicians about hepatitis C virus infection in pediatric patients,” said lead author Aymin Delgado-Borrego, MD, MPH, a pediatric gastroenterologist at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. She presented the findings in early May during the Digestive Disease Week conference. Delgado-Borrego and her colleagues focused on undiagnosed pediatric hepatitis C infection in Florida because the state is among only a few that require reporting of acute and chronic cases. They used data from the 3rd National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the US Census Bureau to estimate that about 0.3% of US children and teens aged 6 to 19 years are infected with HCV. About 75% have chronic infections. Applying the national 0.3% prevalence rate, the researchers calculated that Florida would have 12 155 cases of pediatric hepatitis C infection. But a state database contained 1755 unique
A Hidden Parathyroid Adenoma Behind a Thyroid Autonomous Nodule Causing Multiple Brown Tumors
Authors: Zhaowei Meng, Qing He, Tao Shi, Weijun Tian, Wengui Xu, Jian Tan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

A 56-year-old man who had diffuse bone pain and weight loss for 1 year underwent FDG PET/CT and a dual-tracer, dual-phase parathyroid imaging. The FDG PET/CT scan showed foci of increased metabolism in several bones and the stomach, which were proven histologically as brown tumor and gastritis. The planar images of parathyroid imaging revealed only thyroid nodule, whereas the tomographic imaging demonstrated both the thyroid and the parathyroid adenomas, which were confirmed by surgical pathology.
Klinik und Pathologie der Netzhautgefässe
Authors: Albert M. Potts
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<b>Atlas of Fluorescence Fundus Angiography,</b>by Shinichi Shikano and Koichi Shimizu, 201 pp, 247 illus, $28, Canada $30.25, Philadelphia and Toronto: W. B. Saunders Co., 1968. These two volumes make an interesting contrast. The Seitz book, an amplification of an earlier volume (<i>The Retinal Vessels: Comparative Ophthalmoscopic and Histologic Studies on Healthy and Diseased Eyes</i>, 1964), deals with disease of the retinal vessels, in the classical way that has been so effective over the last hundred years. The correlation between ophthalmoscopic picture and histopathological section, the foundation of the classical approach, is given with good pictorial documentation. The chief failing of this method is that, although dynamic disease processes can be observed with the ophthalmoscope, the histopathological specimen represents only a single instant in time, and disease dynamics must be inferred by extrapolation. For this reason much attention is being given now to nondestructive physiological methods which allow us to
Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary valve stenosis.
Authors: J S Kan, R I White, S E Mitchell, J H Anderson, T J Gardner
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Transluminal balloon valvuloplasty was used to treat congenital pulmonary valve stenosis in 20 patients. Follow-up cardiac catheterization was performed in 11 patients at intervals of from 2 to 12 months after the procedure. Peak systolic pressure gradient across the pulmonic valve decreased from 68 +/- 27 to 23 +/- 5 mm Hg (p less than .001) after valvuloplasty. There were no complications. Follow-up catheterization demonstrated persistent relief of right ventricular hypertension in the patients with typical pulmonary valve stenosis.
Mediastinal and Supraclavicular Lymphadenitis and Pneumonitis Due to<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Serovars L<sub>1</sub>and L<sub>2</sub>
Authors: Bernstein Di, Hubbard T, Wenman Wm, Johnson Bl, Holmes Kk, Liebhaber H, Schachter J, Barnes R, Lovett Ma
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

THE spectrum of clinical manifestations of infection with the genital serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis (serovars D through K) includes nongonococcal urethritis,1 urethral syndrome in women,2 mucopurulent cervicitis,3 epididymitis,4 endometritis,5 salpingitis,6 inclusion conjunctivitis,7 and pneumonia in newborn infants.8 The lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) serovars L1, L2, and L3 generally cause more severe disease than the genital serovars. These LGV serovars manifest tropism for lymph nodes, causing buboes (usually inguinal), and can also cause granulomatous ulcerative proctitis or proctocolitis resembling Crohn's disease.9 We report here three cases of mediastinal lymphadenitis, one case of interstitial pneumonia with bilateral pleural . . .
Thrombocytopathies with or without Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Mario G. Baldini, Manfred Steiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

IT is only in the last few years that platelets have graduated; from the status of cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes floating in the circulation they have recently emerged as complete living cells. Although deprived of DNA, they are now known to possess aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, lipid and protein synthesis, glycogen storage, membrane functions and a finite life-span.By analogy with the red cells, thrombocytopenias due to increased platelet destruction (thrombocytolytic thrombocytopenias) would be caused either by an extracorpuscular factor (an antibody, a large spleen) or by an intracorpuscular platelet defect (usually congenital). Although in the past a few cases . . .
General Practice Fifty Years Ago
Authors: A. Cox
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> Localization of the culprit CSF leak in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension can be difficult and is inconsistently achieved. We present a high yield systematic imaging strategy using brain and spine MRI combined with digital subtraction myelography for CSF leak localization. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> During a 2-year period, patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension at our institution underwent MR imaging to determine the presence or absence of a spinal longitudinal extradural collection. Digital subtraction myelography was then performed in patients positive for spinal longitudinal extradural CSF collection primarily in the prone position and in patients negative for spinal longitudinal extradural CSF collection in the lateral decubitus positions. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Thirty-one consecutive patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension were included. The site of CSF leakage was definitively located in 27 (87%). Of these, 21 were positive for spinal longitudinal extradural CSF collection and categorized as having a ventral (type 1, fifteen [48%]) or lateral dural tear (type 2; four [13%]). Ten patients were negative for spinal longitudinal extradural CSF collection and were categorized as having a CSF-venous fistula (type 3, seven [23%]) or distal nerve root sleeve leak (type 4, one [3%]). The locations of leakage of 2 patients positive for spinal longitudinal extradural CSF collection remain undefined due to resolution of spontaneous intracranial hypotension before repeat digital subtraction myelography. In 2 (7%) patients negative for spinal longitudinal extradural CSF collection, the site of leakage could not be localized. Nine of 21 (43%) patients positive for spinal longitudinal extradural CSF collection were treated successfully with an epidural blood patch, and 12 required an operation. Of the 10 patients negative for spinal longitudinal extradural CSF collection (8 localized), none were effectively treated with an epidural blood patch, and all have undergone (<i>n</i> = 7) or are awaiting (<i>n</i> = 1) an operation. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> Patients positive for spinal longitudinal extradural CSF collection are best positioned prone for digital subtraction myelography and may warrant additional attempts at a directed epidural blood patch. Patients negative for spinal longitudinal extradural CSF collection are best evaluated in the decubitus positions to reveal a CSF-venous fistula, common in this population. Patients with CSF-venous fistula may forgo further epidural blood patch treatment and go on to surgical repair.
Lipopolysaccharide activation of the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway in human monocytic cells mediates tissue factor and tumor necrosis factor α expression by inducing Elk-1 phosphorylation and Egr-1 expression
Authors: Mausumee Guha, Maria A. O'Connell, Rafal Pawlinski, Angela Hollis, Patricia McGovern, Shi-Fang Yan, David Stern, Nigel Mackman
Journal: Blood (2001)
Significance of Autopsies in Premature Infants
Authors: Sydney H. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1964)

INTEREST IN PROBLEMS of the newborn, both full-term and premature, has been constantly mounting for two decades. A tremendous stimulus in this direction was the recent thalidomide episode. One of the basic steps in any investigation is to define carefully the problem and its magnitude. The data collected by the Perinatal Study of the Foundation for Medical Research provide an excellent source of reference for statistical analysis in this area. In the course of establishing baseline levels of disease frequency, the incidence of certain specific categories of disorders in the premature infant stood out in a most impressive fashion. Further, the geographical frequency distribution of these specific diseases in our data was somewhat confusing. Some 3,700 reported premature perinatal mortality cases were separated into those in which autopsies were performed and those in which they were not. As a result of preliminary observations, the material was further divided into fetal