tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postsurgical adjuvant or metastatic renal cell carcinoma therapy models reveal potent antitumor activity of metronomic oral topotecan with pazopanib
Authors: Christopher Jedeszko, Marta Paez-Ribes, Teresa Di Desidero, Shan Man, Christina R. Lee, Ping Xu, Georg A. Bjarnason, Guido Bocci, Robert S. Kerbel
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

The combination of metronomic topotecan and pazopanib has potent antitumor effects in models of primary and metastatic renal cancer.
Repopulation of mouse liver with human hepatocytes and in vivo infection with hepatitis B virus
Authors: Maura Dandri, Martin R. Burda, Eva Török, Joerg M. Pollok, Alicja Iwanska, Gunhild Sommer, Xavier Rogiers, Charles E. Rogler, Sanjeev Gupta, Hans Will, Heiner Greten, Joerg Petersen
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Mice containing livers repopulated with human hepatocytes would provide excellent in vivo models for studies on human liver diseases and hepatotropic viruses, for which no permissive cell lines exist. Here, we report partial repopulation of the liver of immunodeficient urokinase–type plasminogen activator (uPA)/recombinant activation gene–2 (RAG–2) mice with normal human hepatocytes isolated from the adult liver. In the transplanted mice, the production of human albumin was demonstrated, indicating that human hepatocytes remained functional in the mouse liver for at least 2 months after transplantation. Inoculation of transplanted mice with human hepatitis B virus (HBV) led to the establishment of productive HBV infection. According to human–specific genomic DNA analysis and immunostaining of cryostat liver sections, human hepatocytes were estimated to constitute up to 15% of the uPA/RAG–2 mouse liver. This is proof that normal human hepatocytes can integrate into the mouse hepatic parenchyma, undergo multiple cell divisions, and remain permissive for a human hepatotropic virus in a xenogenic liver. This system will provide new opportunities for studies on etiology and therapy of viral and nonviral human liver diseases, as well as on hepatocyte biology and hepatocellular transplantation. (Hepatology 2001;33:981–988.)
Lung cancer and air pollution: a 27 year follow up of 16 209 Norwegian men
Authors: P Nafstad
Journal: Thorax (2003)

The well documented urban/rural difference in lung cancer incidence and the detection of known carcinogens in the atmosphere have produced the hypothesis that long term air pollution may have an effect on lung cancer. The association between incidence of lung cancer and long term air pollution exposure was investigated in a cohort of Oslo men followed from 1972/73 to 1998.Data from a follow up study on cardiovascular risk factors among 16 209 40 to 49 year old Oslo men in 1972/73 were linked to data from the Norwegian cancer register, the Norwegian death register, and estimates of average yearly air pollution levels at the participants' home address in 1974 to 1998. Survival analyses, including Cox proportional hazards regression, were used to estimate associations between exposure and the incidence of lung cancer.During the follow up period, 418 men developed lung cancer. Controlling for age, smoking habits, and length of education, the adjusted risk ratio for developing lung cancer was 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.15) for a 10 micro g/m(3) increase in average home address nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) exposure between 1974 and 1978. Corresponding figures for a 10 micro g/m(3) increase in sulphur dioxide (SO(2)) were 1.01 (0.94 to 1.08).Urban air pollution may increase the risk of developing lung cancer.
Effects of hyperbaric exposures on cardiac pacemakers
Authors: V Lafay, J A Trigano, B Gardette, C Micoli, F Carre
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Data on tolerance of cardiac pacemakers during diving are very scarce. The aim of this study was to test electronic and mechanical tolerances of pacemakers exposed to experimental reproductions of pressures encountered during diving. Two samples each of 20 different models of cardiac pacemakers were exposed to compression during continuous telemetric monitoring. The first sample of each model was exposed to a pressure of 60 metres of sea water (msw). Each second sample was first exposed to a pressure of 30 msw then to 60 msw hyperbaric testing, with a period of 1 month between the two tests. Electronic function and structural integrity of the cans were evaluated. No electronic dysfunction was noted. We merely observed in some devices a transient increase of the pacing rate during pressurisation. No significant deformation of the can (⩽0.2 mm) was observed after the 30 msw hyperbaric test. However, after the 60 msw test, more than half of the devices tested were significantly and definitively deformed. These results show that tested pacemakers preserved a normal electronic function up to 60 msw but most of the tested devices demonstrated significant deformations of the pacemaker can for the hyperbaric exposure observed deeper than 30 msw. Without prejudging diving aptitude for implanted pacemaker patients, it therefore seems prudent to advise them against diving beyond 30 msw because of the potential for electronic dysfunction beyond that depth.
The Developmental Biology of Brain Tumors
Authors: Robert Wechsler-Reya, Matthew P. Scott
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2001)

▪ Abstract Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) can be devastating because they often affect children, are difficult to treat, and frequently cause mental impairment or death. New insights into the causes and potential treatment of CNS tumors have come from discovering connections with genes that control cell growth, differentiation, and death during normal development. Links between tumorigenesis and normal development are illustrated by three common CNS tumors: retinoblastoma, glioblastoma, and medulloblastoma. For example, the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor protein is crucial for control of normal neuronal differentiation and apoptosis. Excessive activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor and loss of the phosphatase PTEN are associated with glioblastoma, and both genes are required for normal growth and development. The membrane protein Patched1 (Ptc1), which controls cell fate in many tissues, regulates cell growth in the cerebellum, and reduced Ptc1 function contributes to medulloblastoma. Just as elucidating the mechanisms that control normal development can lead to the identification of new cancer-related genes and signaling pathways, studies of tumor biology can increase our understanding of normal development. Learning that Ptc1 is a medulloblastoma tumor suppressor led directly to the identification of the Ptc1 ligand, Sonic hedgehog, as a powerful mitogen for cerebellar granule cell precursors. Much remains to be learned about the genetic events that lead to brain tumors and how each event regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and differentiation. The prospects for beneficial work at the boundary between oncology and developmental biology are great.
Effect of regression to the mean on decision making in health care
Authors: V. Morton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Knowledge of regression to the mean can help with everything from interpreting test results to improving your career prospects.All healthcare professionals should be aware of its implications Regression to the mean is a widespread statistical phenomenon with potentially serious implications for health care.It can result in wrongly concluding that an effect is due to treatment when it is due to chance.Ignorance of the problem will lead to errors in decision making.We discuss the importance of the issue and its effects on many common clinical, public health, and managerial decisions.
Influence of sumatriptan on gastric fundus tone and on the perception of gastric distension in man
Authors: J Tack
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> In animals, activation of 5-HT<sub>1</sub> like receptors causes a relaxation of the gastric fundus through the activation of intrinsic inhibitory neurones. <h3>AIMS</h3> To investigate the effect of sumatriptan, an agonist at enteric neuronal 5-HT<sub>1</sub>receptors, on fasting fundus tone and sensitivity to gastric distension in man. <h3>METHODS</h3> A gastric barostat was used to study the effect of placebo and sumatriptan, 6 mg subcutaneously, on basal fundic tone in healthy subjects. In addition, stepwise isobaric and isovolumetric gastric distensions were performed and perception was measured before and after the administration of placebo and sumatriptan. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Placebo had no significant effects on gastric tone and on perception. Sumatriptan induced an immediate relaxation of the gastric fundus, reflected by an intragastric volume increase of 209 (39) ml (p&lt;0.0005). After sumatriptan, intragastric pressures at the thresholds for perception or discomfort were not significantly altered. However, the intragastric volumes and the corresponding calculated wall tensions at perception and discomfort thresholds were significantly increased. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Administration of the 5-HT<sub>1</sub> receptor agonist sumatriptan induces a relaxation of the gastric fundus in man, allowing larger intragastric volumes before thresholds for perception or discomfort are reached. The effects of sumatriptan on the gastric fundus may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia.
Effect of Ramipril in Reducing Sudden Deaths and Nonfatal Cardiac Arrests in High-Risk Individuals Without Heart Failure or Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Koon K. Teo, L. Brent Mitchell, Janice Pogue, Jackie Bosch, Gilles Dagenais, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation (2004)

ACE inhibitor therapy reduces the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and need for revascularization in high-risk patients with clinical heart failure, overt left ventricular systolic dysfunction, or vascular disease. In patients with clinical heart failure or overt left ventricular systolic dysfunction, ACE inhibitor therapy also reduces the risk of sudden or arrhythmia-related cardiac death. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the ACE inhibitor ramipril on sudden unexpected death or resuscitated cardiac arrest among the 9297 individuals without clinical heart failure or overt left ventricular dysfunction enrolled in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) trial.During the median follow-up of 4.5 years, the composite outcome of unexpected death, documented arrhythmic death, or resuscitated cardiac arrest was reduced by 21% in patients randomized to ramipril therapy compared with those randomized to placebo. There were 155 (3.3%) composite outcome events in patients randomized to ramipril therapy compared with 195 (4.2%) such events in patients randomized to placebo (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.98, P=0.028). There were trends toward reductions in fatal primary outcome events (unexpected death or documented arrhythmic death; RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.02, P=0.072) and in nonfatal primary outcome events (resuscitated cardiac arrest; RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.13, P=0.127) in the ramipril treatment group.Ramipril reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal serious arrhythmic events in high-risk patients without clinical heart failure or overt left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
TENDON RESPONSE IN ACHILLES TENDON OF AUSTRALIAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS USING ULTRASOUND TISSUE CHARACTERISATION
Authors: S Rosengarten, S I Docking, J T M van Schie, J Daffy, J L Cook
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Introduction The Achilles tendon is an elastic storage tendon that converts kinetic energy into mechanical energy and reduces the metabolic cost of high-speed locomotion. Numerous studies have shown that the tendon is responsive to mechanical stimuli with changes in CSA and collagen synthesis both in the short- and long-term.1 2 This mechano-responsiveness of the tendon has been implicated in the development of tendinopathy and detecting early and/or short-term changes may have a role in managing tendinopathy. Ultrasound tissue characterisation (UTC) uses contiguous ultrasound images to render a 3-dimensional image that allows semi-quantitative analysis of tendon structure. This novel ultrasound technique has been used to show short-term changes in tendon structure in response to maximal exercise in thoroughbred horses.3 This study aims to investigate short-term changes in the Achilles tendon in Australian football players in response to loading during competitive games. Methods 22 elite male Australian football players, some with history of tendinopathy (six and three players with a history of patellar and Achilles tendinopathy, respectively) were recruited. Players were scanned prior to the game and days 1, 2 and 4 post-game using UTC. A 1cm region at the midsubstance of the tendon was selected and the ultra-structure quantified into four echo-types based on the stability of the echopattern. Changes in the echopattern were compared over the 4 days using a related samples Friedmans two-way analysis of variance. If a significant difference in the median was observed, post-hoc (Wilcoxon signed rank test) analysis was performed to identify the differences between days 1, 2 and 4 and day 0. Results Preliminary data analysis showed differences in baseline tendon structure in players with and without a history of lower limb tendinopathy. Further analysis will examine differences between groups in change over the 4 days, and examine intrinsic (age, mass) and extrinsic factors (game load, GPS data) that are associated with change in UTC parameters. Conclusions This study demonstrated the changes seen in the Achilles tendons of athletes after intense loading. The factors that affect the magnitude of the response were elucidated.
Familial Clustering of Tic Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Heidi A. Browne, Stefan N. Hansen, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Shannon L. Gair, Judith B. Nissen, Kathrine H. Nikolajsen, Diana E. Schendel, Abraham Reichenberg, Erik T. Parner, Dorothy E. Grice
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Tourette syndrome/chronic tic disorder (TS/CT) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) overlap in their phenomenological features and often co-occur in affected individuals and families. Understanding how these disorders cluster in families provides important clinical information and is an important step in understanding the causes of these disorders.To determine familial recurrence for TS/CT and OCD using a national epidemiologic sample.We performed a population-based study of national health registries in Denmark, including all individuals (n = 1 741 271) born in Denmark from January 1, 1980, through December 31, 2007, and followed up through December 31, 2013. We identified those with TS/CT and/or OCD.The prevalence of TS/CT and OCD and relative recurrence risk (RRR) for TS/CT or OCD among individuals with an oldest sibling or a parent diagnosed as having TS/CT or OCD compared with individuals without an affected oldest sibling or an affected parent.In this sample, 5596 individuals were diagnosed as having TS/CT; 6191, OCD; and 412, both disorders. The overall cohort prevalence of TS/CT was 0.42% (95% CI, 0.41%-0.43%) and of OCD, 0.84% (95% CI, 0.81%-0.87%). The mean sibling recurrence risk for TS/CT across all birth years was 9.88% (95% CI, 8.02%-12.16%) and for OCD, 4.01% (95% CI, 2.78%-5.76%). The sibling RRR for TS/CT was 18.63 (95% CI, 15.34-22.63). In contrast, the sibling RRR for OCD was 4.89 (95% CI, 3.45-6.93). The parent-offspring RRR for TS/CT was 61.02 (95% CI, 44.43-83.82), whereas the parent-offspring RRR for OCD was 6.25 (95% CI, 4.82-8.11). The sibling and parent-offspring cross-disorder risks were also significant, ranging from 3.20 (95% CI, 2.22-4.62) to 10.27 (95% CI, 5.17-20.39).Tourette syndrome/CT and OCD cluster in families. The familial aggregation of TS/CT is profound and substantially higher than the familial aggregation for OCD. The recurrence risk estimates provide an important clinical framework for identifying individuals at risk and provide insights into the causes of these disorders.
Intravascular Ultrasound–Guided Balloon Angioplasty Compared With Stent
Authors: François Schiele, Nicolas Meneveau, Martine Gilard, Jacques Boschat, Philippe Commeau, Liu Pin Ming, Pradip Sewoke, Marie-France Seronde, Mariette Mercier, Sanjiv Gupta, Jean-Pierre Bassand
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Balloon angioplasty guided by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) makes it possible to choose the balloon size according to the true vessel diameter and to detect suboptimal results requiring subsequent stent implantation. The Balloon Equivalent to STent (BEST) study aimed to assess whether this strategy would give the same results as systematic stenting.A total of 132 of 254 patients were randomized to IVUS-guided percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (aggressive PTCA), and 122 were randomized to stenting (stent group). We hypothesized that a difference of <8% in the 6-month angiographic restenosis rate (primary end point) could be considered noninferior. The aggressive PTCA procedure was longer and had a greater use of contrast medium than stenting. In the aggressive PTCA group, crossover to stent was needed in 58 patients (44%). At 6 months, 20 of 119 patients (16.8+/-6.7%) in the aggressive PTCA group and 21 of 116 patients (18.1+/-7.0%) in the stent group had restenosis. The difference was -1.3%, with an upper limit of 95% confidence interval of 7.1% (ie, less than the noninferiority boundary). The in-stent restenosis rate was higher in the stent group (15.5% versus 5%; P=0.02). The differences in minimum lumen diameter, lumen cross-section area, and 1-year event rate were not significant.A strategy of IVUS-guided angioplasty with provisional stenting is feasible and safe. At the cost of a more complex procedure, it reduces the stent rate by half, with similar 6-month angiographic IVUS and clinical outcome compared with stent implantation.
Epilepsy Among Persons Convicted of Crimes
Authors: Maurice W. Van Allen
Journal: JAMA (1978)

King and Young (p 2674) have provided a useful study of the prevalence of epilepsy among 12,030 inmates in jails and prisons in Illinois. Their method of estimation by counting those receiving anticonvulsant medication in a literally captive population is probably as good as any practical and affordable system likely to be applied. The study is important in discovering a prevalence of 1.9%, which is significantly greater than has been estimated for the general population. Perhaps the prevalence that can be established from studying the records of those who have no place to hide may be more nearly representative of the actual number suffering from chronically recurring seizures than data otherwise derived. Nevertheless, this is a relatively high percentage. If indeed the epileptic is more prone to criminality or conviction than his counterpart in the general population, why is this so? We must examine the association of epilepsy with impulsive
Using molecular markers as a means of predicting prognosis and outcomes in the treatment of lung cancer
Authors: Jenny Cosgrove
Journal: Thorax (2007)

▴ Zheng Z, Chen T, Li X. DNA synthesis and repair genes RRM1 and ERCC1 in lung cancer. NEJM2007;356:800–08.

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]



This study evaluated the potential association between the expression of two specific proteins and treatment outcomes of patients with early non-small-cell lung cancer.

Increased expression of the gene RRM1 (regulatory subunit of ribonucleotide reductase) has been shown to reduce metastases, inhibit development of lung tumours and prolong survival. Similar data have been shown for ERCC1 (excision repair …

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DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS OCCURRING IN MONOZYGOUS TWINS JANET MARKS, STANTON
Authors: B. MAY, D. F. ROBERTS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS OCCURRING IN MONOZYGOUS TWINS JANET MARKS, STANTON Get access B. MAY, B. MAY University Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE 14 LP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. F. ROBERTS D. F. ROBERTS Laboratory of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne (Dr Roberts) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 84, Issue 5, 1 May 1971, Pages 417–419, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb02525.x Published: 01 May 1971 Article history Accepted: 17 December 1970 Published: 01 May 1971
Testosterone increases urinary calcium excretion and inhibits expression of renal calcium transport proteins
Authors: Yu-Juei Hsu, Henrik Dimke, Joost P.H. Schoeber, Shih-Che Hsu, Shih-Hua Lin, Pauling Chu, Joost G.J. Hoenderop, René J.M. Bindels
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Managing ophthalmic herpes zoster in primary care
Authors: Wim Opstelten, Michel J W Zaal
Journal: BMJ (2005)

During their professional career, most general practitioners will be consulted by various patients with an acute manifestation of ophthalmic herpes zoster. In addition to the diagnostic dilemma that doctors face in the initial phase of the disease, they may be uncertain about the course and treatment (when is referral indicated, who should be prescribed antiviral medication?). We present an evidence based policy.

Herpes zoster (shingles) is a commonly encountered disorder in general practice. One fifth of the population, mainly elderly people, will present with this neurocutaneous infection during their lifetime. Most immunocompetent patients will experience spontaneous and complete recovery within a few weeks. Some, however, will develop complications such as postherpetic neuralgia and, in cases of ophthalmic herpes zoster, sight threatening eye problems. We outline the main points that general practitioners should keep in mind when faced with a case of ophthalmic herpes zoster.

In February 2005, we searched the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register (keyword: “herpes zoster”), Embase, and Medline (MESH terms: “herpes zoster” and “therapy”) for clinical trials, randomised controlled trials, meta-analyses, practice guidelines, and reviews. We selected only articles written in English and disregarded any studies of immunocompromised patients.

Herpes zoster is a commonly seen disorder; one fifth of the population will present with the disease during their lifetime. The reported incidence varies from 2.2 per 1000 to 3.4/1000 people per year. Herpes zoster develops mainly in elderly people: its incidence in people aged over 80 is about 10 in 1000/year.1 2 It is caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (human herpes virus type 3). In temperate climates, primary infection with this virus usually occurs before the age of 10 and manifests itself clinically as chickenpox (varicella). The virus then becomes latent, nestling in the sensory ganglia. Later it may become active again, spread to …