tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FIFA 11 for Health in Mexico: a school-based intervention for the prevention of obesity and non-communicable diseases
Authors: Javier A Barriguete Melendez, J Dvorak, JA Córdova Villalobos, M Juan Lopez, Javier Davila Torres, J Compeán Palacios, JC Valdés-Olmedo, A Junge, CW Fuller
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Currently, in all regions of the world apart from Africa, more deaths are linked to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) than communicable diseases (WHO, 2010). Being overweight is a major contributory risk factor for NCDs such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease and type II diabetes. Of the six WHO-designated regions, the Region of the Americas has the highest prevalence (>60%) of overweight adults (aged 20+ years). Mexico is no exception—the proportion of Mexican adults who are overweight or obese has increased from 61.8% in 2000 to 69.7% in 2006 to 71.2% in 2012.1 The prevalence of overweight and obese adolescents is, however, of even greater concern; for example, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among girls (12–19 years old) has grown rapidly in less than 30 years; in this period, the prevalence has more than tripled, rising from 11.1% in 1988 to 28.3% in 1999 to 33.4% in 2006, and is now standing at 35.8% in 2012.2 This situation sent strong alarm bells to the Government and Ministry of Health in Mexico …
Chronic hyperplastic sinusitis: Association of tissue eosinophilia with mRNA expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3
Authors: D HAMILOS, D LEUNG, R WOOD, A MEYERS, J STEPHENS, J BARKANS, Q MENG, L CUNNINGHAM, D BEAN, A KAY
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1993)
Chest wall volume regulation during exercise in COPD patients with GOLD stages II to IV
Authors: I. Vogiatzis, G. Stratakos, D. Athanasopoulos, O. Georgiadou, S. Golemati, A. Koutsoukou, I. Weisman, C. Roussos, S. Zakynthinos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The present study investigated how end-expiratory ribcage and abdominal volume regulation during exercise is related to the degree of dynamic chest wall hyperinflation in patients with different spirometric severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification. In total, 42 COPD patients and 11 age-matched healthy subjects were studied during a ramp-incremental cycling test to the limit of tolerance (W(peak)). Volume variations of the chest wall (at end expiration (EEV(cw)) and end inspiration) and its compartments (ribcage (V(rc)) and abdominal (V(ab))) were computed by optoelectronic plethysmography. At W(peak), only patients in GOLD stages III and IV exhibited a significant increase in EEV(cw) (increase of 454+/-509 and 562+/-363 mL, respectively). These patients did not significantly reduce end-expiratory V(ab), whereas patients in GOLD stage II resembled healthy subjects with significantly reduced end-expiratory V(ab) (decrease of 287+/-350 mL). In patients, the greater the increase in EEV(cw) at W(peak), the smaller the reductions in end-expiratory V(ab) and the greater the increase in end-expiratory V(rc). In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different spirometric disease severity, greater degrees of exercise-induced dynamic chest wall hyperinflation were accompanied by lower degrees of end-expiratory abdominal volume displacement and larger increases in end-expiratory ribcage volume.
Lung clearance index (LCI) and hyperinflation in children with cystic fibrosis (CF)
Authors: Noor AL-Khathlan, Erol Gaillard, Caroline Beardsmore
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: LCI is used to detect early CF lung disease.1,2,3 However, there are few data relating changes in LCI to lung volumes, and extent of hyperinflation, in children with CF.1 Therefore, we aimed to look at the association between LCI derived from multiple-breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) and two indices of hyperinflation (i) residual volume/total lung capacity (RV/TLC), and (ii) the difference between FRC determined by plethysmography (FRCp) and MBNW (FRCN2).

Methods: Children with CF completed MBNW and plethysmography as part of their annual review. All tests were performed, analysed and reported according to ATS/ERS recommendations. The difference between FRCp and FRCN2 was expressed as a % of FRCp and called FRCdiff. Results were examined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results: 37 children with CF (aged 5-17) completed lung function tests. A significant correlation was found between LCI and RV/TLC (r=0.516, p=0.001)(Figure), and between LCI and FRCdiff (r=0.413, p=0.011).

![Figure][1] 



Discussion: The adoption of LCI as an ideal marker for early lung disease requires that it should correspond to established markers of abnormalities in lung function.2 Our findings showed comparable decline in LCI and indices of hyperinflation in children with CF.

References: 

1. Horsley, A. et al. 2008; Respir Physiol and Neurobiology; 162: 197-203

2. Aurora, P. 2010; Thorax; 65: 373-374

3. Gustafsson et al. 2008; Thorax 2008 63: 129-134.

 [1]: pending:yes
Analysis of Upper Gastrointestinal Adverse Events Among Patients Given Dabigatran in the RE-LY Trial
Authors: Peter Bytzer, Stuart J. Connolly, Sean Yang, Michael Ezekowitz, Stephan Formella, Paul A. Reilly, James Aisenberg
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)

Dabigatran is an oral and direct inhibitor of thrombin. In a study of patients with atrial fibrillation (the RE-LY trial), twice as many subjects given dabigatran reported dyspepsia-like symptoms compared with those given warfarin (controls). We analyzed data from this trial to quantify upper gastrointestinal nonbleeding adverse events (NB-UGI AEs).We analyzed the AE database from the RE-LY trial (18,113 subjects) and assigned NB-UGI AEs to 4 groups: those associated with gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), upper abdominal pain and dyspepsia, dysmotility, or gastroduodenal injury. We analyzed frequency, timing, and severity, and clinical variables associated with NB-UGI AEs.NB-UGI AEs occurred in 16.9% of subjects given dabigatran and in 9.4% of controls (relative risk [RR], 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66%-1.97%; P < .001). Rates of AEs were not associated with the dose of dabigatran. Among subjects with any UGI symptom who were given dabigatran (n = 2045), symptoms were rated as mild in 46.3%, moderate in 44.8%, and severe in 8.9%; these values were similar to those of controls. GERD-associated NB-UGI AEs were most frequent among the 4 groups (compared with controls, RR, 3.71; 95% CI, 2.98%-4.62%; P < .001). Four percent of subjects stopped taking dabigatran because of NB-UGI AEs (most within 3 months of starting therapy), compared with 1.7% of controls (RR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.90%-2.88%; P < .001). NB-UGI AEs slightly increased risk of major GI bleeding among subjects given dabigatran and controls (6.8% vs 2.3%, P < .001).Among patients given dabigatran for atrial fibrillation, NB-UGI AEs are generally mild or moderate; 4% stopped taking the drug over a median of 21.7 months. The greatest increase was in GERD-type NB-UGI AEs. These observations should guide management and prevention strategies.
Neighborhood Level Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Liver Transplant Selection and Recipient Survival
Authors: R. Cutler Quillin, Gregory C. Wilson, Koffi Wima, Samuel F. Hohmann, Jeffrey M. Sutton, Joshua J. Shaw, Ian M. Paquette, E. Steve Woodle, Daniel E. Abbott, Shimul A. Shah
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Cytokine profile in acute myelofibrosis associated with aggressive large granular lymphocyte leukemia
Authors: Bakul I. Dalal, Paul A. Keown, Frixos Paraskevas, Gaynor Williams, James B. Johnston
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

We report a patient with acute large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia, presenting as acute myelofibrosis (AMF). The leukemic cells were immature T-cells (CD5+, CD7+, CD16-, CD56-, CD57-, and CD41-), had monosomy 7, and secreted large amounts of Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1(TGF-beta 1). The serum levels of interleukins (IL)-2, -2R, -6 and -8 were elevated, while the IL-1 beta, IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were normal.
Improvement of different vaccine delivery systems for cancer therapy
Authors: Azam Bolhassani, Shima Safaiyan, Sima Rafati
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2011)

Cancer vaccines are the promising tools in the hands of the clinical oncologist. Many tumor-associated antigens are excellent targets for immune therapy and vaccine design. Optimally designed cancer vaccines should combine the best tumor antigens with the most effective immunotherapy agents and/or delivery strategies to achieve positive clinical results. Various vaccine delivery systems such as different routes of immunization and physical/chemical delivery methods have been used in cancer therapy with the goal to induce immunity against tumor-associated antigens. Two basic delivery approaches including physical delivery to achieve higher levels of antigen production and formulation with microparticles to target antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have demonstrated to be effective in animal models. New developments in vaccine delivery systems will improve the efficiency of clinical trials in the near future. Among them, nanoparticles (NPs) such as dendrimers, polymeric NPs, metallic NPs, magnetic NPs and quantum dots have emerged as effective vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases and cancer therapy. Furthermore, cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) have been known as attractive carrier having applications in drug delivery, gene transfer and DNA vaccination. This review will focus on the utilization of different vaccine delivery systems for prevention or treatment of cancer. We will discuss their clinical applications and the future prospects for cancer vaccine development.
Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Adult Latino Primary Care Patients Living in the United States With Previous Exposure to Political Violence
Authors: David P. Eisenman
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Although political violence continues in parts of Central America, South America, and Mexico, little is known about its relationship to the health of Latino immigrants living in the United States.To determine (1) rates of exposure to political violence among Latino adult primary care patients who have immigrated to the United States from Central America, South America, and Mexico and its impact on mental health and health-related quality of life and (2) frequency of disclosure of political violence to primary care clinicians.Two-stage cluster design survey of a systematic sample of Latino immigrant adults in 3 community-based primary care clinics in Los Angeles, conducted from July 2001 to February 2002.Reports of exposure to political violence in home country before immigrating to the United States and communication with clinicians about political violence; self-reported measures of health-related quality of life using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (MOS SF-36); symptoms of depression, anxiety, and alcohol disorders using the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD); and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C).A total of 638 (69%) of 919 eligible patients participated. The nonresponse rates did not differ by age, sex, recruitment sites, or clinic sessions. In weighted analyses, 54% of participants reported political violence experiences in their home countries, including 8% who reported torture. Of those exposed to political violence, 36% had symptoms of depression and 18% had symptoms of PTSD vs 20% and 8%, respectively, among those not exposed to political violence. Controlling for age, sex, country, years lived in the United States, acculturation, income, health insurance status, and recruitment site in a subsample of 512 participants (56%), those who reported political violence exposure were more likely to meet symptom criteria for PTSD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-8.4) and to have symptoms of depression (AOR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.4) and symptoms of panic disorder (AOR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.6-14.4) than participants not reporting political violence. Those exposed to political violence reported more chronic pain and role limitations due to physical problems, as well as worse physical functioning and lower perceptions of general health than those who were not exposed to political violence. Only 3% of the 267 patients who had experienced political violence reported ever telling a clinician about it after immigrating; none reported their current physician asking about political violence.Latino immigrants in primary care in Los Angeles have a high prevalence of exposure to political violence before immigrating to the United States and associated impairments in mental health and health-related quality of life.
Cyclin D1 and Pancreatic Carcinoma: A Proliferative Agonist and Chemotherapeutic Antagonist
Authors: J. Alan Diehl, Sharon Benzeno
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Cyclin D1, the regulatory partner of the G1 cyclin-dependent kinases, CDK4/6, plays a critical role in promoting cell proliferation by virtue of its capacity to trigger cell cycle progression through the first gap phase, G1. Given the central role for this enzyme in regulating growth factor–
Proteoglycans in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Identification, localization, and exocytosis of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan from human cloned natural killer cells during target cell lysis.
Authors: R P MacDermott, R E Schmidt, J P Caulfield, A Hein, G T Bartley, J Ritz, S F Schlossman, K F Austen, R L Stevens
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

A clone of natural killer (NK) cells (JTB18) was found to be ultrastructurally similar to peripheral blood large granular lymphocytes (LGL). These cells incorporated [35S]sulfate into cell-associated proteoglycan molecules, which were then isolated by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. As assessed by gel filtration chromatography, the native 35S-labeled proteoglycan and its beta-eliminated 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycans were of Mr approximately 200,000 and 50,000, respectively. The 35S-labeled proteoglycans were resistant to proteolysis, since their Mr were apparently not altered by incubation with either pronase or S. aureus V8 protease. The purified NK cell 35S-labeled proteoglycans were degraded by approximately 90% to 35S-labeled disaccharides with either chondroitinase ABC or AC. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the digests revealed these disaccharides to be composed entirely of chondroitin sulfate A (glucuronic acid----N-acetylgalactosamine-4SO4). Whole 35S-labeled cells incubated with chondroitinase ABC failed to release 35S-labeled disaccharides into the supernatant, and x-ray energy-dispersive analysis revealed that sulfur-containing molecules were present in the intracellular granules, thereby localizing the NK cell-associated proteoglycan primarily in the granules of the cell, rather than on the plasma membrane. The 35S-labeled cloned NK cells incubated for 30 min to 4 h with K562 tumor cell targets at a 0.5:1 ratio exocytosed a mean of 49% of the granular 35S-labeled proteoglycans during the first 60 min of the culture. Proteoglycan release was maximal with an effector/target cell ratio of 0.5:1 for JTB18:K562. Significant proteoglycan release from JTB18 NK cells was also obtained with other sensitive target cells such as REX, Molt4, and CEM, but not with cells such as KG1 and Laz156, which have been shown previously to be resistant to killing by this NK cell. Thus, protease-resistant intracellular proteoglycans with chondroitin sulfate A side chains are specifically exocytosed from the granules of human NK effector cells upon contact with sensitive targets, suggesting that these proteoglycans may be involved in the mechanism of cytotoxicity.
S109 Current COPD care in the UK; results from 180 000 patients in the POINTS database
Authors: A. De Soyza, J. Roberts
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> COPD is a major healthcare burden in the UK with one million diagnosed patients. Despite a number of evidence-based guidelines, managing COPD is not straightforward. Differing standards of care exist; those qualifying for Quality &amp; Outcomes Framework QOF versus Non-incentivised NICE guidelines. <h3>Aims</h3> To define a large UK wide COPD cohort and describe their current care as recorded in primary care databases. <h3>Methods</h3> We interrogated the POINTS1 database of all participating practises in the UK. Data were collected between 2007and 2009. <h3>Results</h3> 1406 GP Practices participated with total list size ∼7.9 million of these ∼180 000 COPD patients were listed. 1009 practices returned list sizes giving approximately 1.8% prevalence of COPD. Approx 45 000 (25%) were current smokers of these ∼31 000 (69% of smokers) had received recent smoking cessation education 30% were of working age (&lt;65 years). 96 000 (50%) had a FEV<sub>1</sub> recorded within 12 months, 147 000 had flu and/or pneumococcal vaccination status recorded (80%). Only 15% (27500) had exacerbation frequency recorded. Progressive increases in MRC dyspnoea score (MRCD) recording occurred each year from 2007 at 29% to 44% in 2009. The most common prescription was short acting β agonist SABA in 66%, Inhaled corticosteroid/Long acting β agonist (ICS/LABA) combination inhaler in 47%, LAMA (long acting muscarinic antagonist) in 30%. We noted 27 514 (15%) were prescribed an ICS inhaler which is out of licence and against NICE guidelines. 6% were prescribed a mucolytic. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This cohort is one of the largest reported. Certain limitations may apply: possible non-random participation of practises, incorrect COPD diagnosis and incomplete datasets. Despite exacerbation rate reduction being a key management goal, exacerbations are poorly recorded suggesting COPD reviews are poorly conducted/documented. This may lead to failure to increase maintenance regimens. Longitudinal assessment noted rapid increase in MRCD recording after this became remunerable under QOF. Exacerbation frequency recording should be incorporated into QOF. This dataset sets a baseline from which effectiveness of the National Clinical Strategy can be measured.
Prevention of pneumothorax in needle lung biopsy by breathing 100% oxygen
Authors: Y Cormier, M Laviolette, A Tardif
Journal: Thorax (1980)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Penile cancer remains a rare cancer with an annual incidence of 1 in 100,000 men in the United States, accounting for 0.4-0.6% of all malignancies. Furthermore, to date there are no predictive models of early mortality in penile cancer. Meanwhile, machine learning has potential to serve as a prognostic tool for patients with advanced disease. We developed a machine learning model for predicting early mortality in penile cancer (survival less than 11 months after initial diagnosis. A cohort of 88 patients with advanced penile cancer was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. In the cohort, patients with advanced penile cancer exhibited a median overall survival of 21 months, with the 25th percentile of overall survival being 11 months. We constructed predictive features based on patient demographics, staging, metastasis, lymph node biopsy criteria, and metastatic sites. We trained a multivariate logistic regression model, tuning parameters with respect to regularization, and feature selection criteria. Upon evaluation with 5-fold cross validation, our model achieved 68.2% accuracy with AUC 0.696. Criteria for advanced staging (T4, group stage IV), as well as higher age, white race and squamous cell histology, were the most predictive of early mortality. Tumor size was the strongest negative predictor of early mortality. Our study showcases the first known predictive model for early mortality in patients with advanced penile cancer and should serve as a framework for approaching the clinical problem in future studies. Future work should aim to incorporate other data sources such as genomic and metabolomic data, increase patient counts, incorporate clinical characteristics such as ECOG and RECIST criteria, and assess the performance of the model in a prospective fashion.
Acute Effects of Cocaine on Human Brain Activity and Emotion
Authors: Hans C Breiter, Randy L Gollub, Robert M Weisskoff, David N Kennedy, Nikos Makris, Joshua D Berke, Julie M Goodman, Howard L Kantor, David R Gastfriend, Jonn P Riorden, R.Thomas Mathew, Bruce R Rosen, Steven E Hyman
Journal: Neuron (1997)
Structurally Dependent Redox Property of Ribonucleotide Reductase Subunit p53R2
Authors: Lijun Xue, Bingsen Zhou, Xiyong Liu, Tieli Wang, Jennifer Shih, Christina Qi, Yvonne Heung, Yun Yen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract p53R2 is a newly identified small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and plays a key role in supplying precursors for DNA repair in a p53-dependent manner. Currently, we are studying the redox property, structure, and function of p53R2. In cell-free systems, p53R2 did not oxidize a reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicator carboxy-H2DCFDA, but another class I RR small subunit, hRRM2, did. Further studies showed that purified recombinant p53R2 protein has catalase activity, which breaks down H2O2. Overexpression of p53R2 reduced intracellular ROS and protected the mitochondrial membrane potential against oxidative stress, whereas overexpression of hRRM2 did not and resulted in a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. In a site-directed mutagenesis study, antioxidant activity was abrogated in p53R2 mutants Y331F, Y285F, Y49F, and Y241H, but not Y164F or Y164C. The fluorescence intensity in mutants oxidizing carboxy-H2DCFDA, in order from highest to lowest, was Y331F &amp;gt; Y285F &amp;gt; Y49F &amp;gt; Y241H &amp;gt; wild-type p53R2. This indicates that Y331, Y285, Y49, and Y241 in p53R2 are critical residues involved in scavenging ROS. Of interest, the ability to oxidize carboxy-H2DCFDA indicated by fluorescence intensity was negatively correlated with RR activity from wild-type p53R2, mutants Y331F, Y285F, and Y49F. Our findings suggest that p53R2 may play a key role in defending oxidative stress by scavenging ROS, and this antioxidant property is also important for its fundamental enzymatic activity. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 1900-5)
Effect of high-dose methylprednisolone therapy on phagocyte function in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: S H Boghossian, D A Isenberg, G Wright, M L Snaith, A W Segal
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Circulating phagocytes play a major role in the defence of the host against microbial infection. In an attempt to identify the reason for the unusual susceptibility to infection of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) various parameters of phagocytic cell function were assessed kinetically in whole blood, and the accumulation of cells in areas of inflammation was studied in vivo with the skin window technique. The effect on these parameters of conventional therapy with glucocorticoids and pulse therapy with large doses of methylprednisolone were examined. Patients on conventional doses of steroids had no abnormality of phagocyte function that might have predisposed to infection, apart from a reduced accumulation of monocytes in areas of inflammation and decreased lactoferrin secretion. Pulse therapy with methylprednisolone considerably delayed the secretion of lactoferrin and the adherence of neutrophils in most of the patients, as well as impairing bacterial killing and digestion.