tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary and Transplanted Endometrial Adenocarcinoma in Mice
Authors: Nubia Muñoz, Thelma B. Dunn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1968)

Endometrial lesions, including hyperplasia and adenocarcinomas, are reported in several strains of inbred and noninbred mice. The histology and biologic behavior of four transplantable uterine adenocarcinomas are described. One showed variations dependent on hormonal state of the host. It grew poorly in ovariectomized and progesterone-treated mice, but if the mice were given estrogens, the growth rate returned to normal and histologic differences could be detected. Comparisons of these transplanted tumors with the transplanted uteri of newborn and older mice are described. Finally, autoradiographic studies of the transplanted tumors and transplanted normal uterus in comparison with the uterus of the mouse bearing the growths are reported.
Statin Use and Leg Functioning in Patients With and Without Lower-Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Mary McGrae McDermott, Jack M. Guralnik, Philip Greenland, William H. Pearce, Michael H. Criqui, Kiang Liu, Lloyd Taylor, Cheeling Chan, Leena Sharma, Joseph R. Schneider, Paul M Ridker, David Green, Maureen Quann
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— We determined whether statin use (versus nonuse) is associated with superior lower-extremity functioning independently of cholesterol levels and other confounders in patients with and without peripheral arterial disease. Methods and Results— Participants included 392 men and women with an ankle brachial index (ABI) &lt;0.90 and 249 with ABI 0.90 to 1.50. Functional outcomes included 6-minute walk distance and 4-meter walking velocity. A summary performance score combined performance in walking speed, standing balance, and time for 5 repeated chair rises into an ordinal score ranging from 0 to 12 (12=best). Adjusting for age, sex, ABI, comorbidities, education level, medical insurance status, cholesterol, and other confounders, participants taking statins had better 6-minute walk performance (1276 versus 1218 feet, P =0.045), faster walking velocity (0.93 versus 0.89 m/s, P =0.006), and a higher summary performance score (10.2 versus 9.4, P &lt;0.001) than participants not taking statins. Positive associations were attenuated slightly after additional adjustment for C-reactive protein level but remained statistically significant for walking velocity and the summary performance score. We did not find significant associations between lower-extremity functioning and aspirin, ACE inhibitors, vasodilators, or β-blockers. Conclusions— Statin use is associated with superior leg functioning compared with no statin use, independent of cholesterol levels and other potential confounders. These data suggest that non–cholesterol-lowering properties of statins may favorably influence functioning in persons with and without peripheral arterial disease.
A Population-Based Case-Control Study of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: E Ron, R A Kleinerman, J D Boice, V A LiVolsi, J T Flannery, J F Fraumeni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

A population-based case-control interview study of thyroid cancer (159 cases and 285 controls) was conducted in Connecticut. Prior radiotherapy to the head or neck was reported by 12% of the cases and 4% of the controls [odds ratio (OR) = 2.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.2-6.9]. Risk was inversely related to age at irradiation and was highest among children exposed under age 10. Few persons born after 1945 received prior radiotherapy, consistent with the declining use of radiation to treat benign conditions in the 1950's. Among females the radiogenic risk appeared to be potentiated by the number of subsequent live-births. Other significant risk factors included a history of benign thyroid nodules (OR = 33) or goiter (OR = 5.6). Miscarriage and multiparity increased risk but only among women who developed thyroid cancer before age 35 years. Consumption of shellfish (a rich source of iodine) seemed to increase the risk of follicular thyroid cancer, whereas consumption of goitrogen-containing vegetables appeared to reduce risk of total thyroid cancer, possibly because of their cruciferous nature. A significantly low risk was observed among persons of English descent, whereas Italian ancestry appeared to increase risk. No significant associations were found with a number of suspected risk factors: diagnostic x-rays, radioactive isotope scans, occupational radiation exposure, tonsillectomy, Jewish ethnicity, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, oral contraceptives, lactation suppressants, menopausal estrogens, most other common medications, and water source. New associations were suggested for obesity among females (OR = 1.5), surgically treated benign breast disease (OR = 1.6), use of spironolactone (OR = 4.3) or vitamin D supplements (OR = 1.8), and a family history of thyroid cancer (OR = 5.2). About 9% of the incident thyroid cancers could be attributed to prior head and neck irradiation, 4% to goiter, and 17% to thyroid nodular disease, leaving the etiology of most thyroid cancers yet to be explained.
Platelets: Guardians of Tumor Vasculature
Authors: Benoit Ho-Tin-Noé, Tobias Goerge, Denisa D. Wagner
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Solid tumors generate a prothrombotic environment capable of platelet activation. Recent findings indicate that the activated platelets are crucial regulators of tumor vascular homeostasis in that they prevent tumor hemorrhage. Surprisingly, this effect is independent of platelets' capacity to form thrombi and instead relies on the secretion of their granule content. Thus, targeting platelet secretory activities may represent a new approach to specifically destabilize tumor vasculature. [Cancer Res 2009;69(14):5623–6]
Inhaled Corticosteroids in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease—Reply
Authors: M. Bradley Drummond
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plasma Prolactin Levels and Subsequent Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: S. E. Hankinson, W. C. Willett, D. S. Michaud, J. E. Manson, G. A. Colditz, C. Longcope, B. Rosner, F. E. Speizer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

BACKGROUND: In animal studies, prolactin has been found to be important for mammary epithelial development and its administration has been shown consistently to increase the rate of mammary tumor formation. Previous epidemiologic studies of prolactin and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women have been limited in size, and the results have been inconsistent. We conducted a nested case-control study within the prospective Nurses' Health Study cohort to better determine the relationship between plasma prolactin levels and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from cohort members during the period from 1989 through 1990. Prolactin levels were measured by use of a microparticle enzyme immunoassay. Included in this analysis were 306 postmenopausal women who were diagnosed with breast cancer after blood donation but before June 1994. One or two postmenopausal control subjects were matched per case subject on the basis of age, postmenopausal hormone use, and time of day and month of blood collection; the study included a total of 448 control subjects. RESULTS: In conditional logistic regression analyses, a significant positive association was observed between plasma level of prolactin and postmenopausal breast cancer risk (highest versus lowest quartile, multivariate relative risk = 2.03; 95% confidence interval = 1.24-3.31; two-sided P for trend = .01). The relationship was independent of plasma sex steroid hormone levels and was similar after excluding case subjects diagnosed in the first 2 years after blood collection. CONCLUSIONS: These prospective data suggest that higher plasma prolactin levels are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
Mutations of LRTOMT, a fusion gene with alternative reading frames, cause nonsyndromic deafness in humans
Authors: Zubair M Ahmed, Saber Masmoudi, Ersan Kalay, Inna A Belyantseva, Mohamed Ali Mosrati, Rob W J Collin, Saima Riazuddin, Mounira Hmani-Aifa, Hanka Venselaar, Mayya N Kawar, Abdelaziz Tlili, Bert van der Zwaag, Shahid Y Khan, Leila Ayadi, S Amer Riazuddin, Robert J Morell, Andrew J Griffith, Ilhem Charfedine, Refik Çaylan, Jaap Oostrik, Ahmet Karaguzel, Abdelmonem Ghorbel, Sheikh Riazuddin, Thomas B Friedman, Hammadi Ayadi, Hannie Kremer
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Patient-Controlled Methylphenidate for the Management of Fatigue in Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Eduardo Bruera, Larry Driver, Elizabeth A. Barnes, Jie Willey, Loren Shen, J. Lynn Palmer, Carmelita Escalante
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To assess the effects of patient-controlled methylphenidate for cancer-related fatigue.In this prospective open study, 31 patients with advanced cancer and fatigue who scored >/= 4 on a scale of 0 to 10 received methylphenidate 5 mg by mouth every 2 hours as needed for 7 days (maximum, 20 mg/d). Multiple symptoms were assessed daily; the primary end point, fatigue, was measured using the 0 to 10 scale, and the Functional Assessment for Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) was performed at baseline, day 7, and day 28.The following mean (+/- standard deviation) scores for 30 assessable patients improved significantly between baseline and day 7: fatigue (0 to 10 scale), 7.2 +/- 1.6 v 3.0 +/- 1.9 (P <.001); overall well-being (0 to 10 scale), 4.5 +/- 2.2 v 2.8 +/- 2.1 (P <.001); fatigue (FACIT-F) subscore, 17.5 +/- 11.3 v 34.7 +/- 10.0 (P <.001); functional well-being, 14.4 +/- 5.9 v 18.3 +/- 6.6 (P <.001); and physical well-being, 13.5 +/- 6.4 v 21.4 +/- 5.0 (P <.001). Anxiety, appetite, pain, nausea, depression, and drowsiness all improved significantly (P <.05). All patients took afternoon or evening doses, and 28 patients (93%) took three or more doses daily. All patients chose to continue taking methylphenidate after 7 days of treatment. No serious side effects were reported.These preliminary results suggest that patient-controlled methylphenidate administration rapidly improved fatigue and other symptoms. Randomized controlled trials are justified.
Impact of intravenous abatacept on synovitis, osteitis and structural damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate: the ASSET randomised controlled trial
Authors: Philip G Conaghan, Patrick Durez, Rieke E Alten, Gerd-Rüdiger Burmester, Paul P Tak, Lars Klareskog, Anca Irinel Catrina, Julie DiCarlo, Corine Gaillez, Manuela Le Bars, Xianhuang Zhou, Charles Peterfy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Objectives</h3> This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIIb study evaluated the impact of abatacept on MRI pathology as a primary outcome in methotrexate (MTX)-refractory patients with rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients received intravenous abatacept (∼10 mg/kg) or placebo, on background MTX, for 4 months, followed by an 8-month open-label extension (OLE; all patients received abatacept plus MTX). Patients had 1.5T MRI with intravenous contrast at baseline, Months 4 and 12; wrist synovitis (three locations assessed), and wrist and hand (15 and eight locations assessed, respectively) osteitis and erosion were scored using OMERACT-RAMRIS. <h3>Results</h3> 26/27 abatacept- and 23/23 placebo-randomised patients completed Month 4 and entered the OLE; 26 and 21 completed Month 12. The primary endpoint was not achieved; mean change (SD) from baseline in synovitis was −0.44 (1.47) for abatacept versus 0.52 (1.38) for placebo (p=0.103) at Month 4. For mean change in synovitis adjusted for baseline score (sensitivity analysis), the difference between groups was −0.69, p=0.078. Adjusted mean changes (SE) in osteitis and erosion were −1.94 (0.86) and 0.45 (0.43) for abatacept, and 1.54 (0.90) and 0.95 (0.45) for placebo. Further MRI improvements were observed up to Month 12 for abatacept and from Months 4 to 12 for placebo-treated patients switched to abatacept at Month 4. Clinical efficacy was shown with abatacept and sustained to Month 12. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Despite small patient numbers, MRI detected structural and synovial benefit, sustained to Month 12 in abatacept+MTX-treated patients, and improvements in structural and inflammatory outcomes for placebo+MTX-treated patients following addition of abatacept. <h3>Clinical trial registration</h3> Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00420199.
Delivery of Colloidal Particles and Red Blood Cells to Tissue Through Microvessel Ruptures Created by Targeted Microbubble Destruction With Ultrasound
Authors: Richard J. Price, Danny M. Skyba, Sanjiv Kaul, Thomas C. Skalak
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —We have previously shown that the application of ultrasound to thin-shelled microbubbles flowing through small microvessels (&lt;7 μm in diameter) produces vessel wall ruptures in vivo. Because many intravascular drug- and gene-delivery vehicles are limited by the endothelial barrier, we hypothesized that this phenomenon could be used to deliver drug-bearing vehicles to tissue. Methods and Results —An exteriorized rat spinotrapezius muscle preparation was used. Intravascular fluorescent red blood cells and polymer microspheres (PM) (205 and 503 nm in diameter) were delivered to the interstitium of rat skeletal muscle through microvessel ruptures created by insonifying microbubbles in vivo. On intravital microscopy, mean dispersion areas per rupture for red blood cells, 503-nm PM, and 205-nm PM were 14.5×10 3 μm 2 , 24.2×10 3 μm 2 , and 27.2×10 3 μm 2 , respectively. PM dispersion areas were significantly larger than the mean dispersion area for red blood cells ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —Microvessel ruptures caused by insonification of microbubbles in vivo may provide a minimally invasive means for delivering colloidal particles and engineered red blood cells across the endothelial lining of a targeted tissue region.
Regulation of EphA4 Kinase Activity Is Required for a Subset of Axon Guidance Decisions Suggesting a Key Role for Receptor Clustering in Eph Function
Authors: Joaquim Egea, Ulla Vig Nissen, Audrey Dufour, Mustafa Sahin, Paul Greer, Klas Kullander, Thomas D. Mrsic-Flogel, Michael E. Greenberg, Ole Kiehn, Pierre Vanderhaeghen, Rüdiger Klein
Journal: Neuron (2005)
Prevention of Delayed Nausea: A University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program Study of Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Joseph A. Roscoe, Charles E. Heckler, Gary R. Morrow, Supriya G. Mohile, Shaker R. Dakhil, James L. Wade, J. Philip Kuebler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Purpose We conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial of the following four regimens for controlling delayed nausea (DN): group 1: palonosetron + dexamethasone on day 1 with prochlorperazine on days 2 and 3; group 2: granisetron + dexamethasone on day 1 with prochlorperazine on days 2 and 3; group 3: aprepitant + palonosetron + dexamethasone on day 1 with aprepitant + dexamethasone on days 2 and 3; and group 4: palonosetron + dexamethasone on day 1 with prochlorperazine + dexamethasone on days 2 and 3. Patients and Methods Chemotherapy-naive patients received doxorubicin, epirubicin, cisplatin, carboplatin, or oxaliplatin. The primary end point was average nausea assessed four times daily on days 2 and 3. Primary analyses were whether nausea control would be improved by using palonosetron versus granisetron on day 1 (group 1 v group 2); by adding dexamethasone on days 2 and 3 (group 1 v group 4); and by using aprepitant versus prochlorperazine (group 3 v group 4). Statistical significance was set at P = .017. Results Two hundred thirty-four, 234, 241, and 235 evaluable patients were accrued to groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Adjusted mean differences for the three planned analyses were as follows: palonosetron versus granisetron: −0.01 (95% CI, −0.23 to 0.20; P = .72); adding dexamethasone on days 2 and 3: 0.20 (95% CI, −0.02 to 0.41; P = .01); and using aprepitant versus prochlorperazine: −0.03 (95% CI, −0.24 to 0.19; P = .56). Conclusion The addition of dexamethasone on days 2 and 3 reduced DN. Palonosetron and granisetron have similar effects on DN. The beneficial effect of adding aprepitant for control of DN was the same as adding prochlorperazine.
Anti-TNF immunotherapy reduces CD8+ T cell–mediated antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans
Authors: Heiko Bruns, Christoph Meinken, Philipp Schauenberg, Georg Härter, Peter Kern, Robert L. Modlin, Christian Antoni, Steffen Stenger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The incidence of tuberculosis is increased during treatment of autoimmune diseases with anti-TNF antibodies. This is a significant clinical complication, but also provides a unique model to study immune mechanisms in human tuberculosis. Given the key role for cell-mediated immunity in host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we hypothesized that anti-TNF treatment impairs T cell-directed antimicrobial activity. Anti-TNF therapy reduced the expression in lymphocytes of perforin and granulysin, 2 components of the T cell-mediated antimicrobial response to intracellular pathogens. Specifically, M. tuberculosis-reactive CD8+CCR7-CD45RA+ effector memory T cells (TEMRA cells) expressed the highest levels of granulysin, lysed M. tuberculosis, and infected macrophages and mediated an antimicrobial activity against intracellular M. tuberculosis. Furthermore, TEMRA cells expressed cell surface TNF and bound the anti-TNF therapeutic infliximab in vitro, making them susceptible to complement-mediated lysis. Immune therapy with anti-TNF was associated with reduced numbers of CD8+ TEMRA cells and decreased antimicrobial activity against M. tuberculosis, which could be rescued by the addition of CD8+ TEMRA cells. These results suggest that anti-TNF therapy triggers a reduction of CD8+ TEMRA cells with antimicrobial activity against M. tuberculosis, providing insight into the mechanism whereby key effector T cell subsets contribute to host defense against tuberculosis.
Continuous cell supply from a Sox9-expressing progenitor zone in adult liver, exocrine pancreas and intestine
Authors: Kenichiro Furuyama, Yoshiya Kawaguchi, Haruhiko Akiyama, Masashi Horiguchi, Sota Kodama, Takeshi Kuhara, Shinichi Hosokawa, Ashraf Elbahrawy, Tsunemitsu Soeda, Masayuki Koizumi, Toshihiko Masui, Michiya Kawaguchi, Kyoichi Takaori, Ryuichiro Doi, Eiichiro Nishi, Ryosuke Kakinoki, Jian Min Deng, Richard R Behringer, Takashi Nakamura, Shinji Uemoto
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Long-Term Sequelae of Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis in Experimentally Infected Chimpanzees
Authors: Kenneth H. Burk, Gordon R. Dreesman, Guy A. Cabral, Robert L. Peters
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

We have observed the development of long-term sequelae in four cases of experimentally induced non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis in chimpanzees. These sequelae were characterized by the following manifestations: nonprotection against challenge with autologous infectious plasma following acute disease and subtle histopathological alterations typical of long-lasting viral hepatitis. These manifestations were observed in animals infected with either of two human inocula. Whether or not these inocula represent sources of single or multiple etiologic agents is not known. However, our studies suggest that these inocula share at least one common etiologic agent. Further, these results may represent an atypical chronology of convalescence from viral hepatitis infection. For example, the convalescent stage of a type B hepatitis infection may be expected to occur within 6 to 8 months following exposure, whereas true convalescence in NANB hepatitis may be protracted over several months to several years. Thus, future efforts to identify the causative agent(s) of NANB hepatitis, and efforts to define the immune response in NANB, must take into consideration these studies.
Cardiac-specific overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 restores ischaemic preconditioning during hyperglycaemia
Authors: Zhi-Dong Ge, Irina A. Ionova, Nikolina Vladic, Danijel Pravdic, Naoyuki Hirata, Jeannette Vásquez-Vivar, Phillip F. Pratt, David C. Warltier, Galen M. Pieper, Judy R. Kersten
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Hyperglycaemia (HG) decreases intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) concentrations, and this action may contribute to injury during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. We investigated whether increased BH(4) by cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of the GTP cyclohydrolase (GTPCH) 1 gene rescues myocardial and mitochondrial protection by ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) during HG through a nitric oxide (NO)-dependent pathway.Mice underwent 30 min of myocardial ischaemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion with or without IPC elicited with four cycles of 5 min ischaemia/5 min of reperfusion in the presence or absence of HG produced by d-glucose. In C57BL/6 wild-type mice, IPC increased myocardial BH(4) and NO concentrations and decreased myocardial infarct size (30 ± 3% of risk area) compared with control (56 ± 5%) experiments. This protective effect was inhibited by HG (48 ± 3%) but not hyperosmolarity. GTPCH-1 overexpression increased myocardial BH(4) and NO concentrations and restored cardioprotection by IPC during HG (32 ± 4%). In contrast, a non-selective NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester attenuated the favourable effects of GTPCH-1 overexpression (52 ± 3%) during HG. Mitochondria isolated from myocardium subjected to IPC required significantly higher in vitro Ca(2+) concentrations (184 ± 14 µmol mg(-1) protein) to open the mitochondrial permeability transition pore when compared with mitochondria isolated from control experiments (142 ± 10 µmol mg(-1) protein). This beneficial effect of IPC was reversed by HG and rescued by GTPCH-1 overexpression.Increased BH(4) by cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of GTPCH-1 preserves the ability of IPC to elicit myocardial and mitochondrial protection that is impaired by HG, and this action appears to be dependent on NO.
Identification of lymphoid cells in the cutaneous infiltrate of skin reticuloses and lichen planus
Authors: R.S.-H. Tan, J.P. Hayes, N.A. Byrom
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article Identification of lymphoid cells in the cutaneous infiltrate of skin reticuloses and lichen planus Get access R.S.‐H. Tan, R.S.‐H. Tan Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.P. Hayes, J.P. Hayes Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.A. Byrom N.A. Byrom Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 93, Issue s11, 1 July 1975, Page 16, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06765.x Published: 01 July 1975