tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic points of intervention and clinical implications: role of desloratadine
Authors: C. Bachert
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Desloratadine, a potent, once‐daily, orally active, nonsedating, histamine H 1 ‐receptor antagonist, inhibits the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators. Once‐daily desloratadine therapy rapidly reduces the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis and seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), reduces the use of inhaled albuterol by patients with SAR and concomitant asthma, and improves symptoms and quality of life in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. An open‐label, observational study in SAR patients revealed that desloratadine therapy significantly reduced nasal, ocular, dermal, asthma, and total symptoms, and enabled half of the patients with concomitant asthma to reduce their use of asthma medications. Globally, more than 91% of patients and physicians judged desloratadine to have excellent or good efficacy, and more than 98% judged it to have excellent or good tolerability. Furthermore, desloratadine therapy improved quality of life, decreasing by more than 10‐fold the percentage of patients whose daily activities and/or sleep were moderately or severely affected by SAR. Allergic rhinitis, a major chronic airway disease that is a risk factor for asthma, warrants extended diagnostic procedures and well‐tolerated therapy that encompasses the entire airway, addresses multiple steps in the allergic inflammatory cascade, and is effective on nasal, ocular, dermal, asthma, and total symptoms.
Intravenous administration deaths--drug deaths
Authors: H. Adelberg
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To  Editor.—  The recent article by Porter and Jick on drug-related deaths (237:879, 1977) and  related editorial by de Jong (237:898, 1977) require some additional comment and, perhaps, a modified perspective. In  article is ample documentation that five patients died of pulmonary edema out of 7,783 exposed to intravenous (IV) administration. This is not inconsistent with  earlier article 1 in which there were reported four deaths in 2,048 exposed. In  earlier article  four who died were aged 48, 60, 63, and 72 years (median age, over 60 years), while in  present article, which reported a lower incidence,  ages were generally lower: 17, 41, 45, 46, and 84 years (median age of 45 years).  In  editorial de Jong correctly points out that  IV-related deaths were not due to a drug but more probably to the mode of administration (ie, too much,
A Comparison of White and African American Outcomes from a Three-Arm, Randomized, Phase III Multicenter Trial of Advanced or Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Coleman K. Obasaju, Rafat H. Ansari, Mark A. Socinski, Ruqin Chen, Matthew J. Monberg, Robert B. Catalano, Donna M. Marinucci, Darla K. Liles, Maria-Jose Ribeiro, Robert L. Comis, Joseph Treat
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
A role for apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein A-I, and low density lipoprotein receptors in cholesterol transport during regeneration and remyelination of the rat sciatic nerve.
Authors: J K Boyles, C D Zoellner, L J Anderson, L M Kosik, R E Pitas, K H Weisgraber, D Y Hui, R W Mahley, P J Gebicke-Haerter, M J Ignatius
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Recent work has demonstrated that apo E secretion and accumulation increase in the regenerating peripheral nerve. The fact that apoE, in conjunction with apoA-I and LDL receptors, participates in a well-established lipid transfer system raised the possibility that apoE is also involved in lipid transport in the injured nerve. In the present study of the crushed rat sciatic nerve, a combination of techniques was used to trace the cellular associations of apoE, apoA-I, and the LDL receptor during nerve repair and to determine the distribution of lipid at each stage. After a crush injury, as axons died and Schwann cells reabsorbed myelin, resident and monocyte-derived macrophages produced large quantities of apoE distal to the injury site. As axons regenerated in the first week, their tips contained a high concentration of LDL receptors. After axon regeneration, apoE and apoA-I began to accumulate distal to the injury site and macrophages became increasingly cholesterol-loaded. As remyelination began in the second and third weeks after injury, Schwann cells exhausted their cholesterol stores, then displayed increased LDL receptors. Depletion of macrophage cholesterol stores followed over the next several weeks. During this stage of regeneration, apoE and apoA-I were present in the extracellular matrix as components of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. Our results demonstrate that the regenerating peripheral nerve possesses the components of a cholesterol transfer mechanism, and the sequence of events suggests that this mechanism supplies the cholesterol required for rapid membrane biogenesis during axon regeneration and remyelination.
Transient ischaemic attack
Authors: V. Adhiyaman, S. Adhiyaman
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 64 year old man comes to your surgery five days after an episode of visual loss in his left eye, followed by right sided weakness and speech disturbance lasting 10 minutes. He has made a complete recovery and has driven himself to the surgery to ask whether he can return to work.

### General points

### Assessing symptoms

Onset —Symptoms are sudden in TIA, as in acute stroke. Insidious onset of symptoms is unlikely to be a TIA.

Intensity — Symptoms of a TIA are maximal at onset. Gradual progression of symptoms would point to a different pathology, such as migraine, demyelination, or a tumour. Even though recurrent …
Comparative evaluation of the bone marrow by the volumetric method, particle smears, and biopsies in pediatric disorders
Authors: M. Fevzi Ozkaynak, Philip Scribano, Edward Gomperts, Parvin Izadi, Rachel Millin, Hart Isaacs Jr, Lawrence J. Ettinger
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Bone marrow cellularity estimated by biopsy was compared to the cellularity of the aspirate particle smear and the volumetric method in two groups of children. In the first group, 101 consecutive bone marrow biopsies and aspirates were evaluated from patients with various diagnoses. In the second group, 20 patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia were studied with 80 biopsies and aspirates at diagnosis and following chemotherapy. A wide discrepancy was noted between bone marrow cellularity confirmed by biopsy vs. the particle smear or the volumetric method in both groups. Neither the volumetric nor the particle method provides a good correlation of bone marrow cellularity. We also compared the volumetric method with that of the biopsy to evaluate the efficacy of the former method in detecting bone marrow infiltration by solid tumors. The volumetric method is an accurate modality of identifying solid tumor infiltration in the bone marrow.
Confronting Deep Moral Disagreement: The President's Council on Bioethics, Moral Status, and Human Embryos
Authors: Lawrence J. Nelson, Michael J. Meyer
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2005)

The report of the President's Council on Bioethics, Human Cloning and Human Dignity, addresses the central ethical, political, and policy issue in human embryonic stem cell research: the moral status of extracorporeal human embryos. The Council members were in sharp disagreement on this issue and essentially failed to adequately engage and respectfully acknowledge each others' deepest moral concerns, despite their stated commitment to do so. This essay provides a detailed critique of the two extreme views on the Council (i.e., embryos have full moral status or they have none at all) and then gives theoretical grounding for our judgment about the intermediate moral status of embryos. It also supplies an account of how to address profound moral disagreements in the public arena, especially by way of constructing a middle ground that deliberately pays sincere respect to the views of those with whom it has deep disagreements.
T-lymphocyte-enriched murine peritoneal exudate cells. II. Genetic control of antigen-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation.
Authors: R H Schwartz, W E Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

The recent introduction of a reliable, T-lymphocyte proliferation assay, which utilizes thioglycollate-induced, nylon wool column-passed, peritoneal exudate lymphocytes from immune mice (PETLES), allowed us to investigate the genetic control of murine immune responses at the T-lymphocyte level. Examination of the blast cells generated in this population 5 days after stimulation with antigen, revealed that 85% of the cells bore the Thy 1 antigen on their surface, whereas only 5% bore immunoglobulin. Thus, the assay can be considered to measure almost exclusively T-lymphocyte function. This assay was used to examine the T-lymphocyte proliferative responses to seven different antigens: poly(Glu60Ala30Tyr10), poly(Glu58Lys38Tyr4), poly-(Tyr,Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala--poly-Lys, poly-(Phe,Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala--poly-Lys, staphylococcal nuclease, lactate dehydrogenase H4, and the BALB/c IgA myeloma protein, TEPC-15. PETLES from a large number of different inbred mouse strains, including H-2 congenic resistant lines and H-2 recombinants, were studied. The strains could be classified as high responders, low responders, or nonresponders to a particular antigen as judged by the magnitude of the T-lymphocyte proliferative response. In every case but one this classification corresponded to the responder status given the strain based on its ability to mount an in vivo antibody response to the same antigen. For two of the antigens, poly-(Tyr,Glu)-poly-D,L-Ala--poly-Lys and TEPC-15, the immune response genes controlling the T-lymphocyte proliferative response were mapped to the K region or I-A subregion of the major histocompatibility complex, as had previously been shown for the control of the antibody responses to these antigens. This tight linkage of the two phenotypic responses very strongly suggests that the same immune response gene controls the expression of both the proliferative and antibody responses. Since there is essentially no contribution from B lymphocytes in the T-lymphocyte proliferation assay, it seems reasonable to conclude that none of the seven immune response genes studied are expressed solely in B lymphocytes.
Sydney Ringer, calcium, and cardiac function.
Authors: W B Fye
Journal: Circulation (1984)

THE DISCOVERY of calcium-channel blockers in 1963 and the subsequent investigations of Flecken- stein' and his colleagues signaled a major therapeutic advance in the management of patients with heart dis- ease.The critical role of calcium in the function of the myocardium was recognized a century ago by Sydney Ringer, a British physician and physiologist.2Until recently the clinical significance of Ringer's observations related primarily to the use of physiologic saline solutions for intravascular volume expansion and to the employment of these solutions in the experimental study of tissues and organs.The observations of Ring- er, which are a century old, have been extended by a number of workers and remain the subject of active investigation.3Although the recent studies of calcium antagonists by Fleckenstein and colleagues were not a direct outgrowth of Ringer's observations, they built upon several reports about the role of calcium and myocardial metabolism, which can be traced to Ring- er's experiments.Significant delays in the practical application of basic scientific discoveries are not infre- quent.4Following so soon after their recent discovery, the rapid acceptance of calcium-channel blockers as a major adjunct in management of patients with ische- mic heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias attests to the efficacy of these drugs.5This article will consider the career of Ringer and will explore the intellectual context in which his im- portant observations on the role of calcium in myocar- dial function were made.Both personal and institu- tional factors that guided and facilitated Ringer's research will be considered.Sydney Ringer was born in 1835 in Norwich, Eng- land.68After receiving his preliminary education in
Origins and Functional Specialization of Macrophages and of Conventional and Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells in Mouse Skin
Authors: Samira Tamoutounour, Martin Guilliams, Frédéric Montanana Sanchis, Hong Liu, Dorothea Terhorst, Camille Malosse, Emeline Pollet, Laurence Ardouin, Hervé Luche, Cindy Sanchez, Marc Dalod, Bernard Malissen, Sandrine Henri
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Abstract 4250: DNA methylation portraits of breast cancer in a population-based cohort.
Authors: Yevgeniy Gindin, Sean Davis, Robert L. Walker, Yuelin J. Zhu, Sven Bilke, Mark E. Sherman, Jonine Figueroa, Paul S. Meltzer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Genome scale molecular profiling methods have had a major impact on the classification, diagnosis, and management of breast cancer. However, the biological basis and fundamental consequences of differential DNA methylation across molecular breast cancer subtypes is incompletely understood. In this study, we used gene expression and DNA methylation data from 208 unselected breast cancer samples obtained from a Polish population-based study. We used a network biology approach to identify gene co-methylation modules - sets of highly correlated DNA methylation probes. We found two gene co-methylation modules strongly correlated with Basal (hypermethylated in Basal) and Luminal B (hypermethylated in Luminal B) breast cancer subtypes. Functional analysis of the Basal gene co-methylation module shows that it significantly overlaps with genes silenced during epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The Luminal B gene co-methylation module significantly overlaps with gene targets of the Polycomb repression complex 2. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed poor prognosis associated with hypermethylation of the Luminal B gene co-methylation module. This study offers new biological perspectives of the vital role of DNA methylation in breast cancer. Citation Format: Yevgeniy Gindin, Sean Davis, Robert L. Walker, Yuelin J. Zhu, Sven Bilke, Mark E. Sherman, Jonine Figueroa, Paul S. Meltzer. DNA methylation portraits of breast cancer in a population-based cohort. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4250. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4250
Comparison of ELISA for tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies with antiendomysium antibodies in pediatric and adult patients with celiac disease
Authors: C. Salmaso, A. Ocmant, G. Pesce, V. Altrinetti, P. Montagna, D. Descalzi, S. Martino, M. Bagnasco, F. Mascart
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Tissue transglutaminase (t‐TG) is the main autoantigen recognized by the endomysium antibodies (EMA) observed in patients with celiac disease (CD). The aim of the study was to assess an ELISA method for t‐TG antibodies (t‐TGA) with respect to EMA IF assay in pediatric and adult patients. Methods: t‐TGA were analyzed by ELISA in 220 sera samples: 82 patients with biopsy‐proven untreated CD (23 adults and 59 children), 14 CD children on gluten‐free diet, 18 asymptomatic relatives of CD patients, and 106 age‐matched control patients with gluten‐unrelated gastrointestinal diseases (58 adults and 48 children). Serum IgA EMA were tested on umbilical cord sections in all patients. Results: The great majority (92.7%) of untreated CD patients (both adults and children) were t‐TGA positive (values ranging from 20.1 to &gt;300 AU). None of the child control patients and only two out of 58 (3.4%) of the adults with unrelated gastrointestinal diseases had serum t‐TGA positivity; two out of 18 first‐degree relatives with biopsy‐proved silent CD were t‐TGA (as well as EMA) positive. Finally, two out of 14 CD children, assuming a gluten‐free diet, had serum t‐TGA (as well as EMA). A highly significant correlation ( P &lt;0.001) was observed between t‐TGA concentrations and EMA. t‐TGA showed a sensitivity of 87% and 95%, a specificity of 97% and 100% for adults and children, respectively. Conclusions: The method is highly sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of CD and is promising as a tool for routine diagnostic use and population screening, especially in children.
Retraction: Suicide after Natural Disasters
Authors: Etienne G. Krug, Marcie-jo Kresnow, John P. Peddicord, Linda L. Dahlberg, Kenneth E. Powell, Alex E. Crosby, Joseph L. Annest
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: In the February 5 issue, we reported the results of a study designed to determine whether natural disasters affect suicide rates.1 Previous research on the victims of disasters had reported an increased prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression,2–4 known risk factors for suicidal thinking.5,6 In our article, we reported increases in suicide rates among the people living in the 377 U.S. counties affected by a single, severe natural disaster between 1982 and 1989. We regretfully report that we have discovered an error in computer programming and that our previous results are incorrect. The error . . .
Psychiatric Assessment in the Social Security Program of Disability Insurance
Authors: KURT NUSSBAUM, ABRAHAM M. SCHNEIDMUHL, JOHN W. SHAFFER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

The authors describe the basic legal and medical requirements for psychiatric disability benefits under social security law and regulations. They outline procedures used in assessment of impairment, stressing the need for factual observations. The active interest of the psychiatric profession, the authors feel, will contribute to the scientific basis on which further refinement in the quantification of impairment criteria can be built.
Use of Diuretics in Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Michael E. Ernst, Marvin Moser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

This review focuses on thiazides, the diuretics most often indicated for long-term therapy for hypertension. Thiazide diuretics reduce blood pressure when administered as monotherapy; thiazides also enhance the efficacy of other antihypertensive agents and can reduce hypertension-related morbidity and mortality.
Human resources for health in Africa
Authors: Adetokunbo O Lucas
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Better training and firm national policies might manage the brain drain 

A frican countries have a very low density health workforce, compounded by poor skill mix and inadequate investment.1 Yet trained healthcare staff continue to migrate from Africa to more developed countries. The World Health Organization has estimated that, to meet the ambitious targets of the millennium development goals, African health services will need to train and retain an extra one million health workers by 2010.2

It is too simplistic and misleading to define or try to resolve the crisis in human resources for health in Africa by looking only at overall numbers and density of workers, not least because these vary from country to country.3 4 Furthermore, the poor performance of health services in African countries is often compounded by shortages of drugs and other essential supplies, broken equipment, and poor …
Colin George Miller
Authors: Peter McMullin
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>Objective</h3> To explore the current practice of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention in acute trusts. <h3>Design</h3> A qualitative research design was used to explore the perceived current practice of thromboprophylaxis, and knowledge and experience of VTE prevention. Data were collected via interviews with personnel from acute trusts and other relevant organisations and charities. Constant comparison was used to generate themes grounded in the data. <h3>Setting</h3> The UK. <h3>Participants</h3> 17 participants, sampled due to their expertise and knowledge in the field of VTE, were interviewed for the study. <h3>Results</h3> No one felt directly responsible for VTE risk assessment and treatment in acute trusts. There were concerns whether any action takes place based on the risk assessment. Low levels of VTE knowledge existed throughout the system. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study highlights the importance of continuous training to prevent VTE risk assessment being considered a tick box exercise and for clinicians to understand the significance of the procedure to ensure that VTE preventative measures are administered. It is essential that acute trust staff acknowledge that VTE prevention is the responsibility of everyone involved in a patient9s care. Concerns remain around prophylaxis treatment, administration and contraindications.
Epilepsy in young people: 23 year follow up of the british national child development study
Authors: Z. Kurtz, P. Tookey, E. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To estimate the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy during childhood and early adult life in England, Scotland, and Wales. <b>Design:</b> Prospective study of 17 414 children born in England, Scotland, and Wales between 3 and 9 March 1958, followed up at 7, 11, 16, and 23 years of age, with a review of those with epilepsy at age 28. <b>Subjects:</b> People with epilepsy developing at or before age 23. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> The age specific incidence, cumulative incidence, and prevalence of epilepsy. <b>Results:</b> 124 young people had a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy during their first 23 years (cumulative incidence 8.4 per 1000; 95% confidence interval 6.8 to 10.0). 6 had died by age 23. 46 (37%) had neurological impairment or another major health problem in addition to epilepsy. The prevalence of active epilepsy at age 23 was 6.3 per 1000 (4.9 to 7.7). <b>Conclusions:</b> A wide variety of seizure disorders is included under the term epilepsy. A third of cases had generalised seizures. In only a quarter was the onset of seizures attributed to a specific cause. Children with additional health problems were more likely to continue to have seizures in early adult life than those with epilepsy alone. 1 in 8 were prescribed drug treatment for 6 years or more after their last seizure. All deaths occurred in young adults over the age of 16. <h3>Key messages</h3> A cause of epilepsy was identified in only about a quarter of cases in the national child development study cohort 35% of those diagnosed with epilepsy by age 16 no longer require drug treatment and are free from seizures by age 23 30% of young people in this cohort continued taking drugs for epilepsy for more than 2 years after their last seizure; 15 of these young people had not had a seizure for 6 or more years Continuing epilepsy is more likely in those with neurological impairment or other additional medical conditions After age 16 there is a high death rate in young people with epilepsy. This emphasises the importance of maintaining supportive relationships between health care professionals and people with epilepsy as they become independent adults