tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Step Hypocapnia to Separate Arterial from Tissue Pco <sub>2</sub> in the Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow
Authors: JOHN W. SEVERINGHAUS, NIELS LASSEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

The change in cerebral blood flow was determined after a step decrease in the Pco 2 of arterial blood from 40 to 25 mm Hg in awake man. Subjects monitored their own end-tidal Pco 2 (infrared analyzer) and adjusted their voluntary ventilation to produce the step change, which they maintained for at least 1 hour. Cerebral blood flow relative to control was determined from the arterial-jugular venous oxygen saturation differences. After the step change, arterial Pco 2 fell in less than 30 sec to a plateau, cerebral blood flow fell with a time constant (to 1/e) of 0.3 min to a plateau of 68% of control, while jugular venous Pco 2 fell with a time constant for the fast component of 3.5 min. Base excess rose 1.2 mEq/liter within 1 min and remained at that level. It is concluded that CO 2 affects cerebral blood flow by direct diffusion into arteriolar walls, rather than by its effect on brain tissue Pco 2 or pH. It is postulated that the pH of the extracellular fluid of arteriolar smooth muscle is the common controlled variable through which CO 2 , and possibly hypoxia and blood pressure, determine vascular tone.
Postprandial Levels of Prolactin and Gut Hormones in Breast Cancer Patients: Association With Stage of Disease, but Not Dietary Fat
Authors: Dianne M. Goettler, Leslie Levin, William Y. Chey
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Postprandial Levels of Prolactin and Gut Hormones in Breast Cancer Patients: Association With Stage of Disease, but Not Dietary Fat Get access Dianne M. Goettler, Dianne M. Goettler Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Leslie Levin, Leslie Levin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William Y. Chey William Y. Chey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 1, 3 January 1990, Pages 22–29, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.1.22 Published: 03 January 1990 Article history Received: 30 May 1989 Revision received: 11 September 1989 Accepted: 27 September 1989 Published: 03 January 1990
MicroRNA Expression, Chromosomal Alterations, and Immunoglobulin Variable Heavy Chain Hypermutations in Mantle Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Alba Navarro, Sílvia Beà, Verónica Fernández, Miriam Prieto, Itziar Salaverria, Pedro Jares, Elena Hartmann, Anna Mozos, Armando López-Guillermo, Neus Villamor, Dolors Colomer, Xavier Puig, German Ott, Francesc Solé, Sergi Serrano, Andreas Rosenwald, Elías Campo, Luis Hernández
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The contribution of microRNAs (miR) to the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is not well known. We investigated the expression of 86 mature miRs mapped to frequently altered genomic regions in MCL in CD5(+)/CD5(-) normal B cells, reactive lymph nodes, and purified tumor cells of 17 leukemic MCL, 12 nodal MCL, and 8 MCL cell lines. Genomic alterations of the tumors were studied by single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and comparative genomic hybridization. Leukemic and nodal tumors showed a high number of differentially expressed miRs compared with purified normal B cells, but only some of them were commonly deregulated in both tumor types. An unsupervised analysis of miR expression profile in purified leukemic MCL cells revealed two clusters of tumors characterized by different mutational status of the immunoglobulin genes, proliferation signature, and number of genomic alterations. The expression of most miRs was not related to copy number changes in their respective chromosomal loci. Only the levels of miRs included in the miR-17-92 cluster were significantly related to genetic alterations at 13q31. Moreover, overexpression of miR-17-5p/miR-20a from this cluster was associated with high MYC mRNA levels in tumors with a more aggressive behavior. In conclusion, the miR expression pattern of MCL is deregulated in comparison with normal lymphoid cells and distinguishes two subgroups of tumors with different biological features.
Ileal and colonic epithelial metabolism in quiescent ulcerative colitis: increased glutamine metabolism in distal colon but no defect in butyrate metabolism.
Authors: I A Finnie, B A Taylor, J M Rhodes
Journal: Gut (1993)

Previous studies have shown that butyrate is an important energy source for the distal colon, and that its metabolism may be defective in ulcerative colitis (UC). A similar metabolic defect in the ileum might account for the occurrence of 9pouchitis9 in UC patients after colectomy. A method has been developed that allows the measurement of metabolism in ileocolonoscopic biopsy specimens, and this has been used to assess butyrate and glutamine metabolism in quiescent UC and controls. Preliminary experiments showed optimal metabolism of butyrate at 1 mmol/l. In controls glutamine metabolism was greater in the ascending (mean (SD)) (4.9 (3.2) nmol/h/micrograms protein) than in the descending colon (1.4 0.7)) (p &lt; 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test), but butyrate metabolism was similar in the two regions (ascending 62.6 (44.2), descending 51.5 (32.0)). Consequently ratios of butyrate/glutamine metabolism were higher in the descending colon (20.6 (14.3)) than in the ascending colon (14.3 (9.6)) (p &lt; 0.05). In UC, rates of butyrate metabolism were similar in the ascending (92.5 (58.3) nmol/h/micrograms protein) and descending (93.3 (115)) colon, and these were not significantly different from controls. In UC, glutamine metabolism was similar in the ascending (6.2 (7.7) nmol/h/micrograms protein) and descending colon (7.8 (7.9)); the metabolism in the descending colon was significantly greater than in controls (p &lt; 0.01). Butyrate (135 (56) nmol/h/microgram protein) and glutamine (24.1 (16.2)) metabolism in the ileum in UC, were not significantly different from control values (butyrate 111 (57), glutamine 15.5 (15.6)). These results confirm that there is regional variation of nutrient utilisation throughout the colon, but they do not support the hypothesis that UC is caused by a deficiency of butyrate metabolism.
Assessment of reflux symptom severity: methodological options and their attributes
Authors: P Bytzer
Journal: Gut (2004)

Despite major advances in our understanding of reflux disease, the management of this disorder still presents many challenges. Reduction of heartburn is the most readily apparent objective for the patient with reflux disease. Thus the ability to measure heartburn accurately is of fundamental importance to clinical research in reflux disease. Here, the available data on the assessment of reflux symptoms—predominantly heartburn—in clinical trials of symptomatic reflux disease are examined.
Antimyeloperoxidase antibodies in the Churg-Strauss syndrome
Authors: J. W. C. Tervaert, R. Goldschmeding, J. D Elema, A. E G K. von dem Borne, C. G M Kallenberg
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Abstract Antibodies to myeloperoxidase were detected in the serum of three patients with the Churg-Strauss syndrome.
Liaison Committee on Medical Education
Authors: M. Roy Schwarz
Journal: JAMA (1992)

WHEN the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) was formed in 1942, a total of 67 recognized 4-year medical schools and ten 2-year (basic science) schools enrolled 22674 students. Today, one hundred twenty-five 4-year medical schools and one 2-year school enroll about 65000 students. The 50th anniversary of the LCME provides us with an occasion both to celebrate the major role the LCME has played in expanding medical education and maintaining its quality and to remind ourselves that the accrediting body faces challenges similar to those confronting the medical profession at large. Prior to 1942, the two sponsors of the LCME, the American Medical Association Council on Medical Education (AMA CME) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), had been evaluating medical schools independently since the beginning of the 20th century. The AAMC began inspecting schools as a membership requirement in 1903; the AMA CME first classified medical schools
Urinary Podocyte Microparticles Identify Prealbuminuric Diabetic Glomerular Injury
Authors: Dylan Burger, Jean-Francois Thibodeau, Chet E. Holterman, Kevin D. Burns, Rhian M. Touyz, Christopher R.J. Kennedy
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

Microparticles (MPs) are small (0.1-1.0 µm) vesicles shed from the surface of cells in response to stress. Whether podocytes produce MPs and whether this production reflects glomerular injury are unclear. We examined MP formation in cultured human podocytes (hPODs) and diabetic mice. hPODs were exposed to cyclical stretch, high glucose (HG; 25 mM), angiotensin II, or TGF-β. Urinary podocyte MPs were assessed in three mouse models of diabetic nephropathy: streptozotocin (STZ)-treated, OVE26, and Akita mice. Cyclic stretch and HG increased MP release as assessed by flow cytometry (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively, versus controls). Inhibition of Rho-kinase (ROCK) with fasudil blocked HG-induced podocyte MP formation. STZ-treated (8 weeks) mice exhibited increased urinary podocyte MPs compared with age-matched nondiabetic mice. Similarly, 16-week-old OVE26 mice had elevated levels of urinary podocyte MPs compared with wild-type littermates (P<0.01). In 1 week post-STZ-treated and 6- and 12-week-old Akita mice, urinary podocyte MPs increased significantly compared with those MPs in nondiabetic mice, despite normal urinary albumin levels. Our results indicate that podocytes produce MPs that are released into urine. Podocyte-derived MPs are generated by exposure to mechanical stretch and high glucose in vitro and could represent early markers of glomerular injury in diabetic nephropathy.
Pancreatic exocrine responses to secretin, 2-deoxyglucose, a meal, and ethanol after coeliac ganglionectomy in the conscious dog.
Authors: C D Johnson, M A Devaux, H Sarles
Journal: Gut (1989)

The effects of coeliac ganglionectomy on pancreatic exocrine responses to graded doses of secretin, intravenous 2-deoxyglucose 100 mg/kg, ethanol 0.56 g/kg, and 1 g/kg, and to a meat meal were studied in conscious dogs (weight 11 to 27 kg). Five animals underwent coeliac ganglionectomy and up to seven control animals were studied. Coeliac ganglionectomy increased four-fold the pancreatic fluid response to secretin. The early part of the fluid response to 2-deoxyglucose was reduced, but there was no effect on the protein response to 2-deoxyglucose. In controls, ethanol 0.56 g/kg stimulated pancreatic secretion, to nearly double the basal level, but after coeliac ganglionectomy this dose of ethanol inhibited secretion to one third of basal values. There was no effect of coeliac ganglionectomy on pancreatic response to ethanol 1 g/kg. After coeliac ganglionectomy the early response to a meal was increased by 100% for fluid output and by 50% for protein secretion, but from 10 minutes to two hours after the meal there was no effect on pancreatic response. These data shed further light on the mode of action of ethanol on pancreatic secretion, and they indicate that therapeutic coeliac ganglia ablation in man is unlikely to be detrimental to physiological pancreatic secretion.
Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Antioxidant Vitamin Supplements on Coronary Atherosclerosis in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: David D. Waters, Edwin L. Alderman, Judith Hsia, Barbara V. Howard, Frederick R. Cobb, William J. Rogers, Pamela Ouyang, Paul Thompson, Jean Claude Tardif, Lyall Higginson, Vera Bittner, Michael Steffes, David J. Gordon, Michael Proschan, Naji Younes, Joel I. Verter
Journal: JAMA (2002)

2][3][4][5] Estrogen exerts beneficial effects on blood lipids, lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, vascular function, and on some aspects of the coagulation system. 6Yet hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was not shown to be beneficial in the only 2 randomized, placebo-controlled trials of postmenopausal women with coronary disease. 7-9Furthermore, the only large primary prevention trial of HRT re-
Clinical characteristics of bacteraemia caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the era of CTX-M-type and KPC-type β-lactamases
Authors: Z.A. Qureshi, D.L. Paterson, A.Y. Peleg, J.M. Adams-Haduch, K.A. Shutt, D.L. Pakstis, E. Sordillo, B. Polsky, G. Sandkovsky, M.K. Bhussar, Y. Doi
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2011)
Barium-Induced Automaticity in Right Ventricular Muscle in the Dog
Authors: J. Alan REID, HANS H. HECHT
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Pacemaker activity was induced in trabecular muscle fibers of canine hearts using oxygenated Tyrode solution with added barium chloride. Following exposure to barium (0.2 to 5mM) the resting potential decreased toward zero from 10 to 60%, depending on the concentration. Simultaneously, the duration of the action potential increased and early diastolic hyperpolarization appeared with diastolic depolarization characteristic of latent pacemaker activity. In concentrations above 0.75 mM, spontaneous activity appeared with presystolic upsweep at the threshold potential. The changes were reversible when normal Tyrode solution was readministered. Suppression of the induced pacemaker activity occurred on cooling or following imposed rapid stimulation. The changes produced by barium are consistent with a decrease in the conductance of the membrane for potassium.
Unique Features of Infective Endocarditis in Childhood
Authors: Patricia Ferrieri, Michael H. Gewitz, Michael A. Gerber, Jane W. Newburger, Adnan S. Dajani, Stanford T. Shulman, Walter Wilson, Ann F. Bolger, Arnold Bayer, Matthew E. Levison, Thomas J. Pallasch, Tommy W. Gage, Kathryn A. Taubert
Journal: Circulation (2002)
Relationship of carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood to pulmonary wedge pressure in heart failure
Authors: G. Lorenzi-Filho, E.R. Azevedo, J.D. Parker, T.D. Bradley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Hypocapnia contributes to the genesis of Cheyne-Stokes respiration and central sleep apnoea in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and is associated with increased mortality. However, the cause of hypocapnia in patients with chronic stable CHF is unknown. Since pulmonary congestion can induce hyperventilation via stimulation of pulmonary vagal afferents, the present study tested the hypothesis that in patients with CHF (carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood ( P a,CO 2 )) is inversely related to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and that alterations in PCWP would cause inverse changes in P a,CO 2 . In 11 CHF patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization, haemodynamic variables and arterial blood gas tensions were measured simultaneously at baseline. In three patients, these measurements were repeated after coronary angiographic dye infusion and nitroglycerine infusion. At baseline, P a,CO 2 correlated inversely with PCWP (r=−0.80, p=0.003). In the three patients in whom multiple measurements were made, acute alterations in PCWP caused inversely proportional changes in P a,CO 2 . The present study concludes that in patients with congestive heart failure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is an important determinant of carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood. These findings imply that hypocapnia in patients with chronic stable congestive heart failure is a respiratory manifestation of elevated left ventricular filling pressures.
Final results of phases II, III, IV and V of medtronic Wiktor stent implantation without coumadin
Authors: Joseph Elias, Jean Pierre Monassler, Didier Carrie, Khalife Khalife, Gilles Grollier, Thierry Labbe, Michel Hanssen, Jean Marc Boulenc, Gerard Laval
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
MRI and clinical findings in patients with ankylosing spondylitis eligible for anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy after a short course of etoricoxib
Authors: S J Jarrett, F Sivera, L S Cawkwell, H Marzo-Ortega, D McGonagle, E Hensor, L Coates, P J O’Connor, A Fraser, P G Conaghan, P Emery
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

To describe and assess the response to short-term etoricoxib as shown by MRI and clinical variables in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) selected for eligibility for anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy.In a 6-week open-label study, 22 patients with AS and eligible for biological therapy were treated with 90 mg of etoricoxib daily. Clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained and MRI of the sacroiliac joints and the lower thoracic and lumbar spine performed at baseline and at week 6. The primary end point was the proportion of patients fulfilling the SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) response criteria for biological therapies (ASASBIO) while secondary end points included the change in MRI-determined bone lesions.Eight of 20 completers improved enough to meet the ASASBIO response criteria and most clinical variables improved significantly. Fifteen patients had a total of 63 MRI-detectable lesions; overall, 13/60 lesions with paired scans either resolved completely or improved, while five lesions worsened or appeared during treatment.Etoricoxib is an effective symptomatic treatment for patients with AS; however, its effect on MRI-detected lesions is small. Further studies are needed to determine the effect of etoricoxib on MRI-determined bone oedema.
Treating Acute Stress Disorder Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Richard A. Bryant, Michelle Moulds, Rachel Guthrie, Reginald D.V. Nixon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

OBJECTIVE: Acute stress disorder permits early identification of trauma survivors who are at risk of developing chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to prevent PTSD in people who developed acute stress disorder after a mild brain injury by early provision of cognitive behavior therapy. METHOD: Twenty-four civilian trauma survivors with acute stress disorder were given five individually administered sessions of either cognitive behavior therapy or supportive counseling within 2 weeks of their trauma. RESULTS: Fewer patients receiving cognitive behavior therapy than supportive counseling met criteria for PTSD at a posttreatment evaluation (8% versus 58%, respectively). There were also fewer cases of PTSD at a 6-month follow-up evaluation among those receiving cognitive behavior therapy (17%) than among those receiving supportive counseling (58%). Patients in the cognitive behavior therapy condition displayed less reexperiencing and avoidance symptoms at the follow-up evaluation than patients receiving supportive counseling. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that PTSD following mild brain injury can be effectively prevented with early provision of cognitive behavior therapy.
Corolla Monosymmetry: Evolution of a Morphological Novelty in the Brassicaceae Family
Authors: A. Busch, S. Horn, A. Muhlhausen, K. Mummenhoff, S. Zachgo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Evolution of floral monosymmetry is thought to be a major driving force of angiosperm radiation, making angiosperms the most successful land plant group in terms of species richness. Monosymmetry evolved from a polysymmetric ancestor repeatedly in different angiosperm lineages, where it likely facilitated diversification through the interaction with insects. Most monosymmetric taxa are thus dominated by monosymmetric members. However, in the Brassicaceae, only few members develop a monosymmetric corolla with two petal pairs of unequal size, making them an ideal system to study the evolution of molecular mechanisms enhancing flower complexity. Monosymmetry is controlled by the TCP transcription factors that belong to the CYC2 clade in distantly related taxa. In Iberis amara, the first crucifer analyzed in terms of monosymmetry development, unequal corolla formation is due to a stronger CYC2 clade gene expression in the smaller adaxial petals compared with the larger abaxial ones. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the crucifer family reveals that the monosymmetric genera Iberis, Calepina, and Teesdalia belong to one major crucifer lineage. Monosymmetry is most pronounced in Iberis and less so in Calepina and Teesdalia, with a positive dosage-dependent correlation between the strength of a CYC2 expression difference and the extent of monosymmetry formation. An early adaxial CYC2 expression in floral meristems, observed in many distantly related taxa, might have facilitated the repeated evolution of CYC2-controlled monosymmetry. Comparison of early and late CYC2 expression in monosymmetric and polysymmetric crucifers representative for the four major crucifer lineages reveals that an adaxial CYC2 expression in floral meristems is likely ancestral for the Brassicaceae. However, it got lost in all analyzed monosymmetric members and is, as such, not a prerequisite for the establishment of corolla monosymmetry in crucifers. Here, monosymmetry evolved via a heterochronic CYC2 expression shift from an ancestral early adaxial expression in floral meristems to an adaxial CYC2 transcript accumulation later in petal development. This study emphasizes the potential of regulatory changes in the evolution of morphological novelties, like corolla monosymmetry in the Brassicaceae. In combination with a corymboid inflorescence, monosymmetry might have served as a key invention driving diversification in the genus Iberis comprising more than 20 monosymmetric species.
Doppler and electromagnetic comparisons of instantaneous aortic flow characteristics in primates.
Authors: K T Spencer, R M Lang, A Neumann, K M Borow, S G Shroff
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Assessment of the pulsatile mechanical behavior of the coupled left ventricle and the peripheral arterial circulation requires accurate estimation of instantaneous aortic flow. Before the availability of Doppler technologies, this could only be achieved by invasive techniques. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of Doppler-based measurement of instantaneous aortic blood flow and waveform morphology throughout ventricular ejection when compared with an established invasive method. Accordingly, data from electromagnetic flow and continuous-wave aortic Doppler recordings were simultaneously acquired and compared in five monkeys over a wide range of flows generated by intravenous infusions of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist dobutamine and the alpha-receptor agonist methoxamine. Instantaneous aortic pressure was measured using a high-fidelity micromanometer-tipped catheter placed in the ascending aorta. Excellent correlations were noted for stroke volume, cardiac output, left ventricular ejection time, maximal flow velocity, and maximal rate of change of flow velocity (dQ/dtmax). When compared with electromagnetic flows, continuous-wave aortic Doppler had significantly lower times to maximal flow velocity and dQ/dtmax. Frequency domain analysis indicated that both the magnitude and phase were within +/- 6% up to the third harmonic. Instantaneous comparison disclosed that during early systole (up to 10% of ejection) Doppler was higher than electromagnetic flow rate by 11 +/- 19% (p less than 0.05). At 20-30% of systolic ejection, electromagnetic flow rates were slightly higher than Doppler (5 +/- 4% at 20% of ejection, p less than 0.001 and 2 +/- 3% at 30% of ejection, p less than 0.05). From 40% of ejection to the end of systole, flow rates using both techniques were virtually identical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)