tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification and localization of pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding proteins in bovine kidney glomeruli.
Authors: A Gupta, B Bastani, H Purcell, K A Hruska
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1991)

The vascular tree and the mesangium in the glomerulus respond to various hormones, growth factors, and autonomic signals, leading to generation of second messengers and regulation of ion channels. Guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins (G proteins) mediate these effects in other systems. Glomerular G proteins were studied by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical techniques. Glomeruli were isolated from bovine kidney cortex by differential sieving. Glomerular proteins were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and nitrocellulose transfers were immunoblotted with antibodies to G proteins. G alpha,common antiserum (P-960) recognized proteins with a molecular mass of 41 to 45 kDa. Antibodies against peptide sequences specific to Gi alpha and Go alpha demonstrated Gi alpha, 1/3 (molecular mass, 39 to 41 kDa), Gi alpha 2 (molecular mass, 40 kDa), and Go alpha (molecular mass, 39 kDa). Presence of these proteins was further confirmed by pertussis toxin-catalyzed ADP ribosylation of protein(s) with a molecular mass of 39 to 41 kDa in the glomeruli. Immunohistochemical staining of frozen sections from bovine kidney cortex revealed the presence of Gi alpha 2 in capillary loop distribution in glomeruli and interstitium, but Gi,1/3 or Go could not be demonstrated. The pattern of immunofluorescence with Gi alpha 2 antiserum suggested localization of Gi alpha 2 to the endothelium in glomerular and interstitial vasculature. The novel finding of Go in glomeruli requires localization of Go to specific cells and determination of its role in glomerular physiology. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that bovine kidney glomeruli express alpha subunits of pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding proteins Gi,1/3, Gi,2 and Go.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Measuring the Impact of “Meaningful Use” on Quality of Care
Authors: Lisa M. Kern, Rainu Kaushal
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Silica Exposure in Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody-Associated Glomerulonephritis and Lupus Nephritis
Authors: SUSAN L. HOGAN, KAREN K. SATTERLY, MARY ANNE DOOLEY, PATRICK H. NACHMAN, J. CHARLES JENNETTE, RONALD J. FALK
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated small-vessel vasculitis (SVV) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are rare diseases with unknown causes. Silica dust exposure has been suggested to be an environmental factor that may increase the risk of developing these and other autoimmune disorders. This is a report of two case-control studies to determine whether silica dust exposure is independently associated with ANCA-SVV with glomerulonephritis and SLE nephritis. Patients were screened through a collaborative network of 225 private practice and university nephrologists (the Glomerular Disease Collaborative Network). Patients with ANCA-SVV or SLE, all with biopsy-proven renal involvement, were included. Control subjects were patients without ANCA-SVV or SLE who had been referred to the same renal clinics and were matched for gender, race, and age (within 5 yr). Exposures to silica, exposures to other environmental agents, and smoking histories were evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire. Enrollment consisted of 65 patients with ANCA-SVV and 51 patients with SLE nephritis. Silica dust exposure was reported by 46% of patients with ANCA-SVV, compared with 20% of control subjects ( P = 0.001). The odds ratio of silica dust exposure was 4.4 times greater for patients with ANCA-SVV, compared with control subjects (95% confidence interval, 1.36 to 13.4; P = 0.013). The odds ratios for silica dust exposure were similar for patients with ANCA-SVV with lung or sinus vasculitis (odds ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 20.83; P = 0.054) and those without lung or sinus vasculitis (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 16.24; P = 0.016). Silica dust exposure was reported by 12% of patients with SLE nephritis, compared with 25% of control subjects ( P = 0.047). The odds ratio for exposure to silica dust was not statistically different for patients with SLE nephritis, compared with control subjects (odds ratio, 0.001; 95% confidence interval, &lt;0.01 to &gt;100; P = 0.993). Activities and environments known to cause high levels of exposure to silica dust were associated with ANCA-SVV but not with SLE nephritis.
Outcome measures in asthma
Authors: M THOMAS
Journal: Thorax (2001)

As Neil Barnes points out in his review of outcome measures in asthma,1 the selection of appropriate outcomes plays a key role in shaping clinical and research agendas. He relates widely used outcome measures to the aims of management as stated in current asthma guidelines, particularly in terms of parameters of long term asthma control such as prevention of symptoms, minimal requirement for reliever medication, normalisation of lung function, and prevention of exacerbations. These parameters correspond to the aims of asthma management in the BTS2 and the GINA guidelines.3 The importance of looking at a number of different outcomes and of recognising the different time scales over which these outcomes need to be measured is now widely recognised in the evaluation of medical interventions in asthma.

It could be argued, however, that even the wide range of parameters considered in the review fails to capture all the aims of asthma management, and particularly may miss those outcomes determined by the patients themselves. It is becoming …
Bcl-2–related protein A1 is an endogenous and cytokine-stimulated mediator of cytoprotection in hyperoxic acute lung injury
Authors: Chuan Hua He, Aaron B. Waxman, Chun Geun Lee, Holger Link, Morgan E. Rabach, Bing Ma, Qingsheng Chen, Zhou Zhu, Mei Zhong, Keiko Nakayama, Keiichi I. Nakayama, Robert Homer, Jack A. Elias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) is characterized by a cell death response with features of apoptosis and necrosis that is inhibited by IL-11 and other interventions. We hypothesized that Bfl-1/A1, an antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein, is a critical regulator of HALI and a mediator of IL-11–induced cytoprotection. To test this, we characterized the expression of A1 and the oxygen susceptibility of WT and IL-11 Tg(+) mice with normal and null A1 loci. In WT mice, 100% O2 caused TUNEL+ cell death, induction and activation of intrinsic and mitochondrial-death pathways, and alveolar protein leak. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl were also induced as an apparent protective response. A1 was induced in hyperoxia, and in A1-null mice, the toxic effects of hyperoxia were exaggerated, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl were not induced, and premature death was seen. In contrast, IL-11 stimulated A1, diminished the toxic effects of hyperoxia, stimulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, and enhanced murine survival in 100% O2. In A1-null mice, IL-11–induced protection, survival advantage, and Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl induction were significantly decreased. VEGF also conferred protection via an A1-dependent mechanism. In vitro hyperoxia also stimulated A1, and A1 overexpression inhibited oxidant-induced epithelial cell apoptosis and necrosis. A1 is an important regulator of oxidant-induced lung injury, apoptosis, necrosis, and Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl gene expression and a critical mediator of IL-11– and VEGF-induced cytoprotection.
The tumor-associated antigen, RCAS1, can be expressed in immune-mediated diseases as well as in carcinomas of biliary tract
Authors: Munechika Enjoji, Manabu Nakashima, Hidehiro Nishi, Ilseung Choi, Hideki Oimomi, Rie Sugimoto, Kazuhiro Kotoh, Ken-ichi Taguchi, Makoto Nakamuta, Hajime Nawata, Takeshi Watanabe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Chronic kidney disease and cardiac remodelling in patients with mild heart failure: results from the REsynchronization reVErses Remodeling in Systolic Left vEntricular Dysfunction (REVERSE) study
Authors: Jehu Mathew, Ronit Katz, Martin John St. Sutton, Sanjay Dixit, Edward P. Gerstenfeld, Stefano Ghio, Michael R. Gold, Cecilia Linde, Michael G. Shlipak, Rajat Deo
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1 Infection and Tuberculosis
Authors: Diane V. Havlir, Michelle A. Kendall, Prudence Ive, Johnstone Kumwenda, Susan Swindells, Sarojini S. Qasba, Anne F. Luetkemeyer, Evelyn Hogg, James F. Rooney, Xingye Wu, Mina C. Hosseinipour, Umesh Lalloo, Valdilea G. Veloso, Fatuma F. Some, N. Kumarasamy, Nesri Padayatchi, Breno R. Santos, Stewart Reid, James Hakim, Lerato Mohapi, Peter Mugyenyi, Jorge Sanchez, Javier R. Lama, Jean W. Pape, Alejandro Sanchez, Aida Asmelash, Evans Moko, Fred Sawe, Janet Andersen, Ian Sanne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is indicated during tuberculosis treatment in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but the timing for the initiation of ART when tuberculosis is diagnosed in patients with various levels of immune compromise is not known.We conducted an open-label, randomized study comparing earlier ART (within 2 weeks after the initiation of treatment for tuberculosis) with later ART (between 8 and 12 weeks after the initiation of treatment for tuberculosis) in HIV-1 infected patients with CD4+ T-cell counts of less than 250 per cubic millimeter and suspected tuberculosis. The primary end point was the proportion of patients who survived and did not have a new (previously undiagnosed) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness at 48 weeks.A total of 809 patients with a median baseline CD4+ T-cell count of 77 per cubic millimeter and an HIV-1 RNA level of 5.43 log(10) copies per milliliter were enrolled. In the earlier-ART group, 12.9% of patients had a new AIDS-defining illness or died by 48 weeks, as compared with 16.1% in the later-ART group (95% confidence interval [CI], -1.8 to 8.1; P=0.45). Among patients with screening CD4+ T-cell counts of less than 50 per cubic millimeter, 15.5% of patients in the earlier-ART group versus 26.6% in the later-ART group had a new AIDS-defining illness or died (95% CI, 1.5 to 20.5; P=0.02). Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was more common with earlier ART than with later ART (11% vs. 5%, P=0.002). The rate of viral suppression at 48 weeks was 74% and did not differ between the groups (P=0.38).Overall, earlier ART did not reduce the rate of new AIDS-defining illness and death, as compared with later ART. In persons with CD4+ T-cell counts of less than 50 per cubic millimeter, earlier ART was associated with a lower rate of new AIDS-defining illnesses and death. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; ACTG A5221 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00108862.).
Concurrent Vasculogenesis and Neurogenesis From Adult Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Masaaki Ii, Hiromi Nishimura, Haruki Sekiguchi, Naosuke Kamei, Ayumi Yokoyama, Miki Horii, Takayuki Asahara
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Rationale : Recent reports have demonstrated that signals from vascular endothelial cells are necessary for organogenesis that may precede vasculogenesis. However, the origin of these neovascular cells in regenerating tissue has not been clarified. Objective : Here we tested the hypothesis that adult neural stem cells (NSCs) can differentiate into vascular lineage, as well as neural lineage, in the process of collaborative organogenesis. Methods and Results : NSCs, clonally isolated from mouse brain, were shown to develop endothelial and smooth muscle phenotypes in vitro. To elucidate whether NSCs can simultaneously differentiate into vascular and neural cells in vivo, genetically labeled NSCs were administered to mice with unilateral sciatic nerve crush injury or operatively induced brain and myocardial ischemia. Two weeks later, necropsy examination disclosed recruitment of the labeled NSCs to sites of injury differentiating into vascular cells (endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells) and Schwann cells in regenerating nerve. Similarly, NSC-derived vascular cells/astrocytes and endothelial cells were identified in ischemic brain tissue and capillaries in myocardium 2 weeks following transplantation, respectively. Conclusions : These findings, concurrent vasculogenesis and neurogenesis from a common stem cell, suggest that certain somatic stem cells are capable of differentiating into not only somatic cells of identity but also into vascular cells for tissue regeneration.
PSA Screening: A Public Health Dilemma
Authors: M T Mandelson, E H Wagner, R S Thompson
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1995)

Screening for prostate cancer with serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) is one of the most controversial practices in health care today and guidelines from professional and policy organizations are contradictory. Prostate cancer is unique because of a wide discrepancy between prevalent asymptomatic cancer and clinical disease and an uncertain natural history. Proponents and critics of mass screening agree that PSA can detect early cancer and that definitive data that PSA reduces prostat cancer mortality are not available. Differences in screening recommendations reflect distinct viewpoints regarding what constitutes screening benefit and what level of evidence is needed to endorse a screening practice. This review describes what is known about the areas most relevant to the conflicting perspectives: the epidemiology and natural history of prostate cancer, the ability of PSA to detect disease and operational characteristics of PSA as a screening test, and the efficacy of treatment of early disease.
High Concordance of Bipolar I Disorder in a Nationwide Sample of Twins
Authors: Tuula Kieseppä, Timo Partonen, Jari Haukka, Jaakko Kaprio, Jouko Lönnqvist
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

The few studies of bipolar I disorder in twins have consistently emphasized the genetic contribution to disease liability. The authors report what appears to be the first twin study of bipolar I disorder involving a population-based twin sample, in which the diagnoses were made by using structured, personal interviews.All Finnish same-sex twins (N=19,124) born from 1940 to 1957 were screened for a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder as recorded in the National Hospital Discharge Register between 1969 and 1991 or self-reported in surveys of the Finnish Twin Cohort in 1975, 1981, and 1990. Thirty-eight pairs were thereby identified and invited to participate in the study; the participation rate was 68%. Lifetime diagnoses were made by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. The authors calculated probandwise and pairwise concordances and correlations in liability and applied biometrical model fitting.The probandwise concordance rates were 0.43 (95% CI=0.10 to 0.82) for monozygotic twins and 0.06 (95% CI=0.00 to 0.27) for dizygotic twins. The correlations in liability were 0.85 and 0.41, respectively. The model with no familial transmission was rejected. The best-fitting model was the one in which genetic and specific environmental factors explained the variance in liability, with a heritability estimate of 0.93 (95% CI=0.69 to 1.00).The high heritability of bipolar disorder was demonstrated in a nationwide population-based twin sample assessed with structured personal interviews.
Hearing Loss and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
Authors: Frank R. Lin, Kristine Yaffe, Jin Xia, Qian-Li Xue, Tamara B. Harris, Elizabeth Purchase-Helzner, Suzanne Satterfield, Hilsa N. Ayonayon, Luigi Ferrucci, Eleanor M. Simonsick, for the Health ABC Study Group
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Background:Whetherhearinglossisindependentlyassociatedwithacceleratedcognitivedeclineinolderadults is unknown. Methods:Westudied1984olderadults(meanage,77.4 years) enrolled in the Health ABC Study, a prospective observational study begun in 1997-1998. Our baseline cohort consisted of participants without prevalent cognitive impairment (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination [3MS] score, 80) who underwent audiometric testinginyear5.Participantswerefollowedupfor6years. Hearing was defined at baseline using a pure-tone average of thresholds at 0.5 to 4 kHz in the better-hearing ear. Cognitive testing was performed in years 5, 8, 10, and11andconsistedofthe3MS(measuringglobalfunction) and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (measuring executive function). Incident cognitive impairment was definedasa3MSscoreoflessthan80oradeclinein3MS score of more than 5 points from baseline. Mixedeffects regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models were adjusted for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: In total, 1162 individuals with baseline hearing loss (pure-tone average 25 dB) had annual rates of declinein3MSandDigitSymbolSubstitutiontestscoresthat were41%and32%greater,respectively,thanthoseamong individuals with normal hearing. On the 3MS, the annual score changes were 0.65 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.56) vs 0.46(95%CI,0.55to0.36)pointsperyear(P=.004). On the Digit Symbol Substitution test, the annual score changes were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.73) vs 0.63 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.51) points per year (P=.02). Comparedtothosewithnormalhearing,individualswithhearing loss at baseline had a 24% (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05-1.48) increased risk for incident cognitive impairment. Rates of cognitive decline and the risk for incident cognitiveimpairmentwerelinearlyassociatedwiththeseverity of an individual’s baseline hearing loss.
Cigarette Smoking and Its Fingerprint on DNA
Authors: I.B. Weinstein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

It is now an axiom in the field of chemical carcinogenesis that a number of chemical carcinogens or their metabolites become covalently bound to cellular DNA and that the damage this inflicts on the genetic material plays a critical role in the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of these agents (7,2). This principle provides not only insights into the mechanism of action of such agents, but also a sensitive in vivo  of detecting and quantitating the extent to which a suspected environmental agent might interact with the genetic material. In a sense, DNA can be used as an endogenous trapping agent, serving both as an internal dosimetry badge and as a fingerprint of the exposure. Several methods are now available for assaying with very high sensitivity the possible modification of cellular DNA by specific environmental chemicals (3,4). These include: (a) the use of radioactively labeled carcinogens (a  useful in studies on rodents and in rodent or human cell culture systems but not applicable to monitoring environmental exposures in humans); (b) fluorescence detection methods, which are suitable if the carcinogen-DNA adduct is fluorescent; (c) immunologic methods using polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to specific carcinogen-DNA adducts, coupled with highly sensitive radioactive immunoassays (RIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), or immuno-fluore scence microscopy on single cells; (d) a  32P-postlabeling method in which the DNA sample is hydrolyzed to nucleotides, the nucleotides are labeled with highly radioactive [32P]phosphate, and the nucleotides modified by carcinogens are then separated from the normal nucleotides by thin-layer chromatography; and (e) gas chromatography and mass spectrometry methods. At the present time, methods c and d are the most useful for human studies since they can be readily performed and are extremely sensitive. For example, one can detect as few as 1-10 carcinogen-DNA adducts per about 109 base pairs, or fewer than about 10 carcinogen residues per cell.
Effects of whole body vibration training on dynamic balance in healthy adult volunteers
Authors: H Amano, K Nakata, T Mae, H Kohda, K Shimomura, M Satoh, K Shino, H Yoshikawa
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Motor performance depends on the integration and utilisation of a range of different abilities, such as muscle strength, flexibility, and balance. Improving these abilities is thus important for improving motor performance. Training using whole body vibration (WBV) comprises one of these new methods. Objective The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of WBV training in comparison with conventional training on knee proprioception and postural stability. Design This study was performed using randomisation, single blinding and prospective. Setting Healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study by recruitment to the postgraduate students whose sports activity level was recreational. Patients and Interventions 12 healthy volunteers were randomly divided to undergo 12 sessions of training per 4 weeks with (WBV group) or without (CTL group) WBV training. Main outcome measurements Absolute error in joint repositioning at two target angles (30° and 60°) was determined with the Biodex dynamometer system, and static and dynamic postural stability (single-leg standing with eyes closed, forward single-leg drop jump (F-SDJ), and lateral single-leg drop jump (L-SDJ)) with a force plate were measured pre- and post-exercise at sessions 1, 6, and 12, respectively. Results The improvement in dynamic postural stability in the WBV group was significantly greater than in the CTL group (p&lt;0.05). In particular, L-SDJ at session 6, F-SDJ and L-SDJ at sessions 6 and 12, and total length of the centroid track improved from pre- to post-exercise. There were no significant differences between the WBV and CTL groups for static postural stability or in the average absolute angular error at 60° and 30°. Conclusion WBV was effective in improving balance in healthy volunteers, with more difficult balancing tasks showing greater improvement at earlier stages.