tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Personality correlates of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
Authors: J D Lane, C C McCaskill, P G Williams, P I Parekh, M N Feinglos, R S Surwit
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether traits of normal personality are associated with variations in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted using data from 105 type 2 diabetic patients in a clinical trial of a stress management intervention. Before treatment assignment, patients completed the NEO Personality Inventory, Revised, which is a questionnaire inventory measuring 5 major domains of normal personality and 30 important traits that define these domains. Glycemic control was assessed by measures of HbA1c and average blood glucose levels based on 7 days of self-monitoring at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Relationships between personality traits and measures of glycemic control were examined by correlation and linear regression models that were adjusted for age, sex, race, duration of diabetes, medication status, and experimental treatment. RESULTS: Lower average blood glucose values at baseline were associated with higher scores for the personality domain of neuroticism and several specific traits including anxiety, angry hostility depression, self-consciousness, and vulnerability but were associated with lower scores for the trait of altruism. Results were similar for HbA1c but were not as strong. Follow-up results were similar but were less consistent. CONCLUSIONS: Personality traits may offer new insights into variations in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing standard management. The relative tendency to experience fewer negative emotions and to focus on the needs of others instead of oneself could prove to be a risk factor for poor glycemic control.
Incidence of injury in semi-professional rugby league players
Authors: T J Gabbett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

To investigate the site, nature, cause, and severity of injuries in semi-professional rugby league players.The incidence of injury was prospectively studied in one hundred and fifty six semi-professional rugby league players over two competitive seasons. All injuries sustained during matches and training sessions were recorded. Injury data were collected from a total of 137 matches and 148 training sessions. Information recorded included the date and time of injury, site, nature, cause, and severity of injury.During the two seasons, 1,694 playing injuries and 559 training injuries were sustained. The match injury incidence was 824.7 per 1,000 player-position game hours and training injury incidence was 45.3 per 1,000 training hours. Over 20% of the total training (17.4 per 1,000) and playing (168.0 per 1,000) injuries sustained were to the thigh and calf. Muscular injuries (haematomas and strains) were the most common type of injury sustained during training (22.0 per 1,000, 48.7%) and matches (271.7 per 1,000, 32.9%). Playing injuries were most commonly sustained in tackles (382.2 per 1,000, 46.3%), while overexertion was the most common cause of training injuries (15.5 per 1,000, 34.4%). The majority of playing injuries were sustained in the first half of matches (1,013.6 per 1,000, 61.5% v 635.8 per 1,000, 38.5%), whereas training injuries occurred more frequently in the latter stages of the training session (50.0 per 1,000, 55.3% v 40.5 per 1,000, 44.7%). Significantly more training injuries were sustained in the early half of the season, however, playing injuries occurred more frequently in the latter stages of the season.These results suggest that changes in training and playing intensity impact significantly upon injury rates in semi-professional rugby league players. Further studies investigating the influence of training and playing intensity on injuries in rugby league are warranted.
Fighting the “Oculostenotic Reflex”
Authors: Grace A. Lin, R. Adams Dudley
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Response to antiretroviral treatment in HIV-1-infected individuals with allelic variants of the multidrug resistance transporter 1: a pharmacogenetics study
Authors: Jacques Fellay, Catia Marzolini, Emma R Meaden, David J Back, Thierry Buclin, Jean-Philippe Chave, Laurent A Decosterd, Hansjakob Furrer, Milos Opravil, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Dorota Retelska, Lidia Ruiz, Alfred H Schinkel, Pietro Vernazza, Chin B Eap, Amalio Telenti
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Relationship Between A1C and Fasting Plasma Glucose in Dysglycemia or Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ambady Ramachandran, Matthew C. Riddle, Conrad Kabali, Hertzel C. Gerstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

A1C measurement has advantages over measures of plasma glucose. Few studies have evaluated the A1C-fasting plasma glucose (FPG) relationship and whether oral antidiabetes drugs (OADs) and ethnic or geographic variations affect the relationship. Baseline A1C and FPG data from the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial participants were analyzed to 1) elucidate the relationship between A1C and FPG in people with moderate dysglycemia (A1C 5.6-9.0% [38-75 mmol/mol]) and additional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, 2) determine whether this relationship is altered by use of an OAD, and 3) study whether geographic and ethnic differences exist.Analysis was performed of 12,527 participants with dysglycemia or early type 2 diabetes recruited in North America, South America, Europe, Australia, and Asia who comprised white, Latin American, Asian, black, and other ethnicities. The A1C-FPG relationships were analyzed using cubic B spline curves in all participants and in subgroups not using an OAD or using an OAD and comprising persons of different ethnic or geographic origin.A strong relationship between FPG in the range of 5.6-9.0 mmol/L and the corresponding A1C was seen across different geographic regions and ethnic groups. A smaller increase in A1C per unit increase in FPG occurred for persons taking an OAD versus those not taking an OAD.The strong relationship between A1C and FPG in moderate dysglycemia is not significantly affected by ethnic or geographic differences. Use of an OAD alters the relationship and should be considered when interpreting A1C level.
Presence of highly conserved idiotypic determinants in a family of antibodies that constitute an intrastrain cross-reactive idiotype.
Authors: E Lamoyi, P Estess, J D Capra, A Nisonoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

It has been shown that A/J anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies that share a major cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) comprise a family of closely related, but nonidentical, molecules. Our results demonstrate that 12 of 14 monoclonal hybridoma products that express the CRI have in common at least one highly conserved idiotypic determinant. It is proposed that this reflects conservation of a portion of the amino acid sequence, presumably in hypervariable regions. That the conserved determinant(s0 are located in the region of the hapten-binding site is indicated by the ability of haptens to inhibit idiotype-anti-idiotype interactions involving the conserved, or public determinants.
Predicting survival in cystic fibrosis
Authors: D. J. Shale
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Ionotropic glutamate receptors play important roles in spinal processing of nociceptive sensory signals and induction of central sensitization in chronic pain. Here we applied highly sensitive freeze-fracture replica labeling to laminae I–II of the spinal dorsal horn of rats and investigated the numbers, densities, and colocalization of AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors at individual postsynaptic membrane specializations with a high resolution. All glutamatergic postsynaptic membranes in laminae I–II expressed AMPA receptors, and most of them (96%) were also immunoreactive for the NR1 subunit of NMDA receptors. The numbers of gold particles for AMPA and NMDA receptors at individual postsynaptic membranes showed a linear correlation with the size of postsynaptic membrane specializations and varied in the range of 8–214 and 5–232 with median values of 37 and 28, whereas their densities varied in the range of 325–3365/μm<sup>2</sup> and 102–2263/μm<sup>2</sup> with median values of 1115/μm<sup>2</sup> and 777/μm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Virtually all (99%) glutamatergic postsynaptic membranes expressed GluR2, and most of them (87%) were also immunoreactive for GluR1. The numbers of gold particles for pan-AMPA, NR1, and GluR2 subunits showed a linear correlation with the size of postsynaptic surface areas. Concerning GluR1, there may be two populations of synapses with high and low GluR1 densities. In synapses larger than 0.1 μm<sup>2</sup>, GluR1 subunits were recovered in very low numbers. Differential expression of GluR1 and GluR2 subunits suggests regulation of AMPA receptor subunit composition by presynaptic mechanism.
The application of the normal lymphocyte transfer reaction to histocompatibility testing in man.
Authors: C B Carpenter, R J Glassock, R Gleason, J M Corson, J P Merrill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

Recent advances in human kidney transplantation have brought the need for a more careful analysis and understanding of histocompatibility in man.The results of human renal allografting indicate that although parents or siblings are the best donors, grafts from unrelated donors oc- casionally survive for prolonged periods (1), pre- sumably due to chance compatibility.A means for measuring histocompatibility in man is, there- fore, needed.To this end, a number of experimental approaches have been proposed, namely leukoagglutination (2-4) and lymphocytotoxic serotyping (5, 6) of tissue antigens; interaction of allogeneic lymphocytes in vitro (7-9); cross reac- tions in skin transplantation, the so-called third man test ( 10); skin reactions produced by lympho- cytes in irradiated hamsters (11); and the normal lymphocyte transfer reaction (NLT).This latter phenomenon, described by Brent and Medawar (12) in the guinea pig, is a result of the transfer of viable peripheral blood lympho- cytes from one individual to an intradermal site in another individual.The immunologically com- petent cells are presumably able to react in a graft vs. host fashion against the histocompatibility antigens in the dermis of the cell recipient, form- ing a reaction that is expressed as an inflammatory nodule in the skin, reaching its peak approxi- mately 48 hours after inoculation.In the guinea pig the intensity of the reaction was shown to cor-
Cognitive deficits and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in adult monozygotic twins with lead poisoning.
Authors: Marc G Weisskopf, Howard Hu, Robert V Mulkern, Roberta White, Antonio Aro, Steve Oliveira, Robert O Wright
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Seventy-one-year-old identical twin brothers with chronic lead poisoning were identified from an occupational medicine clinic roster. Both were retired painters, but one brother (J.G.) primarily removed paint and had a history of higher chronic lead exposure. Patella and tibia bone lead concentrations measured by K-X-ray fluorescence in each brother were 5-10 times those of the general population and about 2.5 times higher in J.G. than in his brother (E.G.). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies examined N-acetylaspartate:creatine ratios, a marker of neuronal density. Ratios were lower in J.G. than in his brother. Scores on neurocognitive tests that assess working memory/executive function were below expectation in both twins. Short-term memory function was dramatically worse in J.G. than in his brother. These results demonstrate some of the more subtle long-term neurologic effects of chronic lead poisoning in adults. In particular, they suggest the presence of frontal lobe dysfunction in both twins, but more dramatic hippocampal dysfunction in the brother with higher lead exposure. The MRS findings are consistent with the hypothesis that chronic lead exposure caused neuronal loss, which may contribute to the impairment in cognitive function. Although a causal relation cannot be inferred, the brothers were genetically identical, with similar life experiences. Although these results are promising, further study is necessary to determine whether MRS findings correlate both with markers of lead exposure and tests of cognitive function. Nevertheless, the results point to the potential utility of MRS in determining mechanisms of neurotoxicity not only for lead but also for other neurotoxicants as well.
Granzyme B Promotes Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Transmigration via Basement Membrane Remodeling
Authors: Monica D. Prakash, Marcia A. Munoz, Rohit Jain, Philip L. Tong, Aulikki Koskinen, Matthias Regner, Oded Kleifeld, Bosco Ho, Matthew Olson, Stephen J. Turner, Paulus Mrass, Wolfgang Weninger, Phillip I. Bird
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Cidea promotes hepatic steatosis by sensing dietary fatty acids
Authors: Linkang Zhou, Li Xu, Jing Ye, De Li, Wenshan Wang, Xuanhe Li, Lizhen Wu, Hui Wang, Feifei Guan, Peng Li
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

High levels of dietary saturated fat have been closely associated with the development of hepatic steatosis, but the factors that mediate this process remain elusive. Here, we observed that the level of cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-alpha-like effector a (Cidea) expression was highly correlated with the severity of hepatic steatosis in humans. Overexpression of Cidea in mouse liver resulted in increased hepatic lipid accumulation and the formation of large lipid droplets (LDs). In contrast, mice with a Cidea deficiency had decreased lipid accumulation and alleviated hepatic steatosis when they received a high-fat-diet feeding or in ob/ob mice. Furthermore, the knockdown of Cidea in livers of ob/ob mice resulted in significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and smaller LDs. Importantly, we observed that Cidea expression in hepatocytes was specifically induced by saturated fatty acids (FAs), and such induction was reduced when sterol response element-binding protein (SREBP)1c was knocked down. In contrast, the overexpression of SREBP1c restored the saturated FA-induced expression of Cidea. In addition, we observed that the stability of Cidea protein in hepatocytes increased significantly in response to treatment with FAs. Conclusion : Cidea plays critical roles in promoting hepatic lipid accumulation and in the development of hepatic steatosis by acting as a sensor that responds to diets that contain FAs. (Hepatology 2012;56:95–107)
SENSITIZATION INDUCED BY PATCH TESTING
Authors: GUN AGRUP
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY.— Three hundred and seventy-nine patients with hand dermatitis were patch tested with 11 substances on 2 occasions at an interval of 6–21 months. On the first occasion 196 reactions were positive, and 164 of them remained so on the second occasion. In addition, 108 reactions negative on the first occasion were positive on the second. Sensitization was commonly produced by p-aminoazobenzene, p-phenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, cobalt and chromium. This high incidence of sensitization by patch testing, necessitates re-evaluation of this procedure.
p53 Missense Mutations in Microdissected High-Grade Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast
Authors: S. J. Done, S. Eskandarian, S. Bull, M. Redston, I. L. Andrulis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: To understand the role of sporadic mutations in the tumor suppressor gene p53 (also known as TP53) in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, it is important to identify at which histologic stage such mutations first occur. We previously showed that a p53 mutation present in invasive breast cancer was found in all surrounding areas of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) but not in areas of hyperplasia or normal breast epithelium. In the present investigation, we studied patients with DCIS, but without invasive breast cancer, to determine the spectrum of DCIS types that can harbor a p53 mutation. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 94 patients with DCIS were evaluated histologically for the predominant cellular architectural pattern, degree of necrosis, and nuclear grade. Each specimen was also assigned an overall histologic grade (with the use of the Van Nuys Prognostic Index pathologic classification). Tissue specimens were stained immunohistochemically with an anti-p53 antibody. Positively stained tissue areas were analyzed for the presence of p53 mutations by single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: DCIS from 10 of 94 patients were found to contain p53 missense mutations. All 10 were of a solid or a comedo histologic pattern and contained cells of nuclear grade 2 or 3 (i.e., more abnormal nuclei). The frequency of p53 missense mutations was statistically significantly different among the three overall histologic grade categories (zero [0%] of 49 with low-grade DCIS, one [4.35%] of 23 with intermediate-grade DCIS, and nine [40.9%] of 22 with high-grade DCIS; df = 2 and P<.0001). Conclusion: The DCIS types in patients in this series are representative of clinically detected DCIS. Our finding that p53 mutations can occur before the development of invasive breast cancer, particularly in DCIS of high histologic grade, has potentially important implications for prevention and treatment.
Gastric antral vascular ectasia in cirrhotic patients: absence of relation with portal hypertension
Authors: L Spahr, J-P Villeneuve, M-P Dufresne, D Tassé, B Bui, B Willems, D Fenyves, G Pomier-Layrargues
Journal: Gut (1999)

BACKGROUND Portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) are increasingly recognised as separate entities. The pathogenic role of portal hypertension for the development of GAVE is still controversial. AIMS To evaluate the effects of portal decompression on chronic bleeding related to GAVE in cirrhotic patients. METHODS Eight patients with cirrhosis and chronic blood loss related to GAVE were included. GAVE was defined endoscopically and histologically. RESULTS All patients had severe portal hypertension (mean portocaval gradient (PCG) 26 mm Hg) and chronic low grade bleeding. Seven patients underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and one had an end to side portacaval shunt. Rebleeding occurred in seven patients. In these, TIPS was found to be occluded after 15 days in one patient; in the other six, the shunt was patent and the PCG was below 12 mm Hg in five. In the responder, PCG was 16 mm Hg. Antrectomy was performed in four non-responders; surgery was uneventful, and they did not rebleed after surgery, but two died 11 and 30 days postoperatively from multiorgan failure. In one patient, TIPS did not control GAVE related bleeding despite a notable decrease in PCG. This patient underwent liver transplantation 14 months after TIPS; two months after transplantation, bleeding had stopped and the endoscopic appearance of the antrum had normalised. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that GAVE is not directly related to portal hypertension, but is influenced by the presence of liver dysfunction. Antrectomy is a therapeutic option when chronic bleeding becomes a significant problem but carries a risk of postoperative mortality.
Electrical properties and response to noradrenaline of individual heart cells isolated from human ventricular tissue
Authors: M R MITCHELL, T POWELL, M F STURRIDGE, D A TERRAR, V W TWIST
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

The analysis of the electrical properties and response to catecholamines of cardiac tissue is greatly simplified by the use of single cell preparations. In this study individual cells isolated from human ventricular tissue were used to estimate cellular sarcolemmal resistance and capacitance and to record the time course of the response to ionophoretically applied noradrenaline. The mean input capacitance of the cells is consistent with a surface membrane area of approximately 15000 μm2 if the specific membrane capacitance is 1 μF·cm−2. This is larger than might be expected from the measured external dimensions of the cell and is compatible with the presence of surface membrane infoldings and caveolae. At membrane potentials close to −75 mV the mean cell input resistance was approximately 40 MΩ, giving a specific membrane resistance of 6 kΩ·cm2 if mean membrane area is 15000 μm2 and consistent with the assumption that the isolated cells have sealed intercalated discs under the experimental conditions used. Ionophoretically applied noradrenaline produced a pronounced prolongation of the plateau phase of the action potential, but this effect developed over many seconds. The slow onset of action is not compatible with the kinetics of free extracellular diffusion of catecholamine but may reflect molecular events that occur between noradrenaline binding to membrane receptors and the final cellular response. Under voltage-clamp conditions, the cells showed a time dependent inward current consistent with the rapid activation and decay of a sarcolemmal calcium conductance.
PUERPERAL PSYCHOSES AND THEIR SEQUELLÆ
Authors: Louis J. Karnosh, Justin M. Hope
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1937)

1. The assembling of statistical data on psychoses associated with childbirth appears to show that their frequency is heavily influenced by situational and social factors. These psychoses do not appear to be of fixed constancy in relation to the total number of births in the community or to the biogenic psychoses in the population. 2. The only consistent or characteristic element in true postpartum psychoses is delirium, which appears in varying intensity. No specific endogenous or exogenous factor is revealed, although complex endocrine imbalance cannot be definitely eliminated at this time. 3. In women of cyclothymic disposition a delirious mania following childbirth may lead to an increased frequency and an easier tendency to manic-depressive cycling, even though subsequent pregnancies do not occur. 4. The purely delirious types which recover rapidly are individuals who are generally of stable pre-psychotic matrix. However, subsequent attacks of delirium occur in some, which indicate a low threshold to this type of psychosis and to no other. 5. The most persistent and tragic residues are found in those women whose personality structure is in the schizothymic direction and whose inheritance is tainted. Here the outstanding trend is to hebephrenic regression.