tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Public Health
Authors: Philip R. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender–Related Content in Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Juno Obedin-Maliver, Elizabeth S. Goldsmith, Leslie Stewart, William White, Eric Tran, Stephanie Brenman, Maggie Wells, David M. Fetterman, Gabriel Garcia, Mitchell R. Lunn
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals experience health and health care disparities and have specific health care needs. Medical education organizations have called for LGBT-sensitive training, but how and to what extent schools educate students to deliver comprehensive LGBT patient care is unknown.To characterize LGBT-related medical curricula and associated curricular development practices and to determine deans' assessments of their institutions' LGBT-related curricular content.Deans of medical education (or equivalent) at 176 allopathic or osteopathic medical schools in Canada and the United States were surveyed to complete a 13-question, Web-based questionnaire between May 2009 and March 2010.Reported hours of LGBT-related curricular content.Of 176 schools, 150 (85.2%) responded, and 132 (75.0%) fully completed the questionnaire. The median reported time dedicated to teaching LGBT-related content in the entire curriculum was 5 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 3-8 hours). Of the 132 respondents, 9 (6.8%; 95% CI, 2.5%-11.1%) reported 0 hours taught during preclinical years and 44 (33.3%; 95% CI, 25.3%-41.4%) reported 0 hours during clinical years. Median US allopathic clinical hours were significantly different from US osteopathic clinical hours (2 hours [IQR, 0-4 hours] vs 0 hours [IQR, 0-2 hours]; P = .008). Although 128 of the schools (97.0%; 95% CI, 94.0%-99.9%) taught students to ask patients if they "have sex with men, women, or both" when obtaining a sexual history, the reported teaching frequency of 16 LGBT-specific topic areas in the required curriculum was lower: at least 8 topics at 83 schools (62.9%; 95% CI, 54.6%-71.1%) and all topics at 11 schools (8.3%; 95% CI, 3.6%-13.0%). The institutions' LGBT content was rated as "fair" at 58 schools (43.9%; 95% CI, 35.5%-52.4%). Suggested successful strategies to increase content included curricular material focusing on LGBT-related health and health disparities at 77 schools (58.3%, 95% CI, 49.9%-66.7%) and faculty willing and able to teach LGBT-related curricular content at 67 schools (50.8%, 95% CI, 42.2%-59.3%).The median reported time dedicated to LGBT-related topics in 2009-2010 was small across US and Canadian medical schools, but the quantity, content covered, and perceived quality of instruction varied substantially.
Diagnostic Value of Rheographic Studies in Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Diseases.
Authors: Stanley A. Ziemnowicz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Diagnostic Value of Rheographic Studies in Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Diseases.Stanley A. Ziemnowicz, M.D.Stanley A. Ziemnowicz, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-315_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe rheography records and measures changes in impedance to and conductivity of alternating current flowing through the pulsating tissues. This method permits simultaneous tracings from symmetrical parts of the head with electrocardiographic registration by using skin electrodes and electronic equipment. It is termed "rheoencephalography" (REG). This examination may last long and may be repeated with identical calibration. Rheoencephalography is used in several centers in Europe and in Russia.Our 2 years of experience in experimental and clinical application of this method indicates that it is reproducible and reliable. The method is also applicable to research on ocular blood flow. Rheogram... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stanley A. Ziemnowicz, M.D.Affiliations: Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 315-316KeywordsBlood flowCerebrovascular diseasesElectrocardiographyHeart diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Evaluation of 99mtechnetium stannous pyrophosphate as an imaging agent in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: F P Bruno, F R Cobb, F Rivas, J K Goodrich
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Serial 99mTc pyrophosphate scintigrams were obtained 7 hr to 15 days after experimental acute myocardial infarction produced by permanent or transient coronary occlusion. Scintigrams were interpreted visually and the increased radioactivity in the precordial image was quantitated and compared to extent of infarction found histologically. Results of these studies indicate: 1) 99mTc pyrophosphate imaging is an extremely sensitive for detection of acute myocardial infarction, i.e., infarction in excess of 1% of the left ventricular mass was detected. 2) Early detection of acute infarction is a function of blood flow since 7 hr after infarction scans were negative after permanent occlusion but were strongly positive after transient occlusion. 3) Radioactivity in the precordial image was inversely related to extent of infarction after permanent occlusion and directly related to extent of infarction after transient occlusion. 4) 99mTc pyrophosphate localized in areas with significant histologic infarction but the distribution of radioactivity was not proportional to extent of infarction.
Child in a Rocking Chair
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plasma arginine in cancer of the gastrointestinal tract: effect of surgical treatment.
Authors: R E Glass, A W Goode, B J Houghton, L W Rowell
Journal: Gut (1986)

The concentration of 21 amino acids was measured in the venous plasma of 41 patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract who had lost weight, 12 patients who had lost a similar amount of weight from non-malignant, non-septic conditions (benign weight loss), 12 patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract who had not lost weight and 21 control patients. Sixteen patients with localised tumours were restudied eight and 12 weeks after successful removal of the primary growth. Six patients with pyloric stenosis (benign weight loss) were similarly studied for comparison after corrective surgery. The concentration of the amino acid arginine was significantly greater in patients with cancer both with weight loss (71.2 +/- 4.1 mumol/l mean +/- SEM) and without weight loss (66.8 +/- 4.1 mumol/l) when compared both with patients with benign weight loss (34.6 +/- 3.2 mumol/l) and with control patients (48.2 +/- 3.5 mumol/l) (p less than 0.05). In patients with cancer subjected to surgery the concentration of arginine (76.4 +/- 7.5 mumol/l) fell to normal levels eight weeks after operation and remained normal 12 weeks after surgery (48.6 +/- 4.4 mumol/l) (p less than 0.05). This was in contrast with the rise in plasma arginine in patients with pyloric stenosis after surgery, suggesting that the raised level of arginine was due to the presence of the primary tumour.
Mortality among survivors of the Sept 11, 2001, World Trade Center disaster: results from the World Trade Center Health Registry cohort
Authors: Hannah T Jordan, Robert M Brackbill, James E Cone, Indira Debchoudhury, Mark R Farfel, Carolyn M Greene, James L Hadler, Joseph Kennedy, Jiehui Li, Jonathan Liff, Leslie Stayner, Steven D Stellman
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
Nonsurgical Management of Spontaneous Esophageal Perforation
Authors: Robert H. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1978)

HERMANN Boerhaave, DPhil, DMed, published the first case report of spontaneous esophageal rupture in 1724 after establishing the diagnosis at the autopsy of Baron von Wassenaer, Grand Admiral of the Dutch Fleet. Although Jacob Meyer reported the first antemortem diagnosis of this entity in 1858, the first successful surgical repair was not until 1947.<sup>1</sup>Without esophageal repair, the mortality is reported to be from 75% to 90%.<sup>2-4</sup>Without any form of surgical therapy, eg, chest drainage, the mortality approaches 100%, as recently reported by Campbell and co-workers<sup>5</sup>inThe Journal. A survivor of this disease was cured using closed pleural drainage, antibiotics, intravenous hyperalimentation, and gastric and esophageal suction. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of chest pain. His medical records showed a history of duodenal ulcer and a sliding hiatal hernia, without reflux. His only major surgery was
T-Cell Subsets in Health, Infectious Disease, and Idiopathic CD4+T Lymphocytopenia
Authors: Jeffrey Laurence
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To update our knowledge about normal absolute values for CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral T-lymphocyte subsets and to show how these values are influenced by infectious disease. These data are discussed in the context of a newly identified syndrome, idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia and severe unexplained human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative immune suppression (ICL/SUHIS).Studies done after 1978, when T-lymphocyte subset analysis using monoclonal antibodies was introduced, identified from a MEDLARS computer search and from personal files.All English-language articles that included the number of patients studied; the criteria for patient selection; and the means, ranges, and standard deviations for absolute counts of peripheral T-cell subsets.The effects of certain bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal infections; analytic variance; and biologic factors on T-lymphocyte subsets must be considered in assessing such values in health and disease. Quantitative T-cell abnormalities secondary to advanced HIV infection may be dissociated from physiologic changes, congenital disorders, and most other conditions by documentation of absolute CD4 counts of less than 400/mm3, a progressive depletion of CD4 cells, and a CD4:CD8 ratio of less than 1.0. Designation of ICL/SUHIS as a new syndrome, dependent solely on CD4 cell count, raises the possibility that persons with an extraordinary diversity of conditions, including those with stable, "physiologic" CD4 lymphopenia, will be given the diagnosis.Persons with a CD4 count of less than 300 to 400/mm3, a progressive decline in absolute CD4 count, and a CD4:CD8 ratio of less than 1.0 should be aggressively investigated for HIV infection as well as for other causes of immune deficiency, regardless of intercurrent infections. The search for potential novel infectious causes in syndromes such as ICL/SUHIS may be most productive among such a subset of all persons with CD4 counts less than normal levels.
Chemical industry voluntary test program for phthalate esters: health effects studies.
Authors: B Astill, E Barber, A Lington, E Moran, A Mulholland, E Robinson, B Scheider
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The Chemical Manufacturers' Association voluntary test program on phthalate esters is described, and the results of certain key aspects of the program are presented. Representative phthalate esters were chosen for genotoxicity testing and peroxisome proliferation screening, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and its initial metabolic products were tested in the genotoxicity battery. A comparative metabolism study was performed with DEHP in the mouse, rat, and cynomologus monkey, together with a study of the metabolism of DEHP in the rodent at several dose levels, and after prolonged feeding. A standard test for peroxisome proliferation in the rat, employing 21 days of feeding and several end points is described, based on DEHP as a reference compound. DEHP is shown to be nongenotoxic in the test battery, and its initial major metabolites are also nongenotoxic. A nonlinear dose response with respect to the beta-oxidation of DEHP in the rodent is demonstrated. Quantitative differences exist between the mouse and rat, and the cynomologus monkey with respect to the beta-oxidation of DEHP, beta-oxidation being a much less used pathway in the monkey. The significance of these results in interpreting the hepatocellular carcinogenesis of DEHP in the Fischer 344 rat is discussed.
Stimulatory effects of ethanol on amino acid transport by rat fetal hepatocytes
Authors: David W. Heitman, Teri A. Frosto, Steven Schenker, George I. Henderson
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Previous studies have indicated that acute, and especially chronic, maternal ethanol consumption can depress placental uptake of various amino acids. Since the fetal cell itself represents a second barrier to nutrients, one which may be altered by ethanol exposure, the effects of ethanol on amino acid net uptake by rat fetal hepatocytes was addressed. The present study determined that ethanol stimulated amino acid net uptake by fetal hepatocytes grown in monolayer culture. Fetal liver cells were grown in custom Williams' E medium (without L-arginine and with L-ornithine) and exposed to epidermal growth factor (0, 1, 2 or 5 ng per ml) and ethanol (1.7 ± 0.1 or 3.9 ± 0.2 mg per ml). Addition of ethanol (3.9 mg per ml) to the culture medium completely blocked measurable cell replication during a 48-hr exposure period. Fetal hepatocytes exposed to ethanol accrued both protein and water in a parallel fashion, both in excess of that by control cells. Ethanol (1.7 and 3.9 mg per ml) for 48 hr stimulated α-aminoisobutyric acid net uptake by fetal hepatocytes (p < 0.05). Efflux was not affected (p < 0.05). The onset of this significant stimulation of net uptake was progressive and required in excess of 6 hr of contact with ethanol. This ethanol stimulation of α-aminoisobutyric acid net uptake persisted for at least 24 hr following ethanol withdrawal. The component(s) of α-aminoisobutyric acid net uptake stimulated by ethanol was independent of extracellular Na+. In addition, ethanol stimulated net uptake of two other marker amino acids, methyl-α-aminoisobutyric acid and cycloleucine (54 and 128%, respectively, p < 0.05). In summary, these data suggest: (i) ethanol can stimulate the net uptake of amino acids by fetal hepatocytes while not affecting efflux; (ii) this effect requires an exposure period in excess of 6 hr and is not rapidly reversible, and (iv) ethanol exposure (3.9 mg per ml) totally prevents fetal hepatocyte replication and causes a 3- to 4-fold increase (accumulation) in cellular protein and water.
319 CELECOXIB-INDUCED GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING MODULATION IS RELATED TO THE RESTORATION OF PHOSPHORYLATION AND TO THE NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION OF STAT-5 IN EARLY RAT HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS
Authors: J. Arellanes-Robledo, M. Salcido-Neyoy, R. García-Román, V. Le Berre, S. Sokol, J.M. François, S. Villa-Treviño
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Identification of a basophil leukocyte interleukin‐3‐regulated protein that is identical to IgE‐dependent histamine‐releasing factor
Authors: H. V. Nielsen, A. H. Johnsen, J.‐C. Sanchez, D. F. Hochstrasser, P. O. Schiøtz
Journal: Allergy (1998)

This study aimed to identify basophil leukocyte proteins associated with interleukin (IL)‐3 and/or anti‐IgE activation by two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis. We noticed one particular protein showing increased synthesis after recombinant human (rh)IL‐3 and. to a lesser extent, anti‐IgE stimulation. The protein was also present in the culture medium in increased amounts after rhIL‐3 stimulation. On the basis of comigration with proteins in published 2‐D gel electrophoresis databases and immunoblotting with a specific monoclonal antibody, we identified this protein as translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), also known as p23 or IgE‐dependent histamine‐releasing factor. The antibody was shown to be specific for TCTP/IgE‐dependent histamine‐releasing factor by blotfing on 2‐D gels of proteins from human lymphocytes and the human basophilic cell line KU812, followed by N‐terminal amino‐acid sequencing of the bound protein. Densitometric analysis of the gels showed that the synthesis of IgE‐dependent histamine‐releasing factor in human basophil leukocytes was dose dependent upon rhIL‐3 stimulation with an optimum of 100 ng/ml. The level of the protein in the medium was also highest at an optimal rhIL‐3 concentration of 100 ng/ml. Supernatants from cultured basophils were able to stimulate histamine release from other basophils. This histamine release was decreased by precipitation of TCTP/IgE‐dependent histamine‐releasing factor from these supernatants.
Deceased donor multidrug resistance protein 1 and caveolin 1 gene variants may influence allograft survival in kidney transplantation
Authors: Jun Ma, Jasmin Divers, Nicholette D. Palmer, Bruce A. Julian, Ajay K. Israni, David Schladt, Stephen O. Pastan, Kryt Chattrabhuti, Michael D. Gautreaux, Vera Hauptfeld, Robert A. Bray, Allan D. Kirk, W. Mark Brown, Robert S. Gaston, Jeffrey Rogers, Alan C. Farney, Giuseppe Orlando, Robert J. Stratta, Meijian Guan, Amudha Palanisamy, Amber M. Reeves-Daniel, Donald W. Bowden, Carl D. Langefeld, Pamela J. Hicks, Lijun Ma, Barry I. Freedman
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Protease-activated receptors 1 and 4 mediate activation of human platelets by thrombin
Authors: Mark L. Kahn, Mayumi Nakanishi-Matsui, Michael J. Shapiro, Hiroaki Ishihara, Shaun R. Coughlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Because of the role of thrombin and platelets in myocardial infarction and other pathological processes, identifying and blocking the receptors by which thrombin activates platelets has been an important goal. Three protease-activated receptors (PARs) for thrombin — PAR1, PAR3, and PAR4 — are now known. PAR1 functions in human platelets, and the recent observation that a PAR4-activating peptide activates human platelets suggests that PAR4 also acts in these cells. Whether PAR1 and PAR4 account for activation of human platelets by thrombin, or whether PAR3 or still other receptors contribute, is unknown. We have examined the roles of PAR1, PAR3, and PAR4 in platelets. PAR1 and PAR4 mRNA and protein were detected in human platelets. Activation of either receptor was sufficient to trigger platelet secretion and aggregation. Inhibition of PAR1 alone by antagonist, blocking antibody, or desensitization blocked platelet activation by 1 nM thrombin but only modestly attenuated platelet activation by 30 nM thrombin. Inhibition of PAR4 alone using a blocking antibody had little effect at either thrombin concentration. Strikingly, simultaneous inhibition of both PAR1 and PAR4 virtually ablated platelet secretion and aggregation, even at 30 nM thrombin. These observations suggest that PAR1 and PAR4 account for most, if not all, thrombin signaling in platelets and that antagonists that block these receptors might be useful antithrombotic agents.
The Role of the Foundation in Medical Research
Authors: Frank Fremont-Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

DR. R. A. Smith,1 professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, goes to the heart of the problem in the following statement: "Let us recognize at once that one cannot 'organize' research, but one can create conditions under which research will flourish." How can the conditions be created under which research will flourish most effectively? What has the role of the privately endowed foundations been in this endeavor? What should their role be today and in the foreseeable future?During the thirty-year period before World War II, the privately endowed foundations constituted by far the largest source of . . .
Fructose-induced hypertension: essential role of chloride and fructose absorbing transporters PAT1 and Glut5
Authors: Anurag Kumar Singh, Hassane Amlal, Patrick J. Haas, Ulrike Dringenberg, Stacey Fussell, Sharon L. Barone, Regina Engelhardt, Jian Zuo, Ursula Seidler, Manoocher Soleimani
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Elevated Plasma Aldosterone Levels Despite Complete Inhibition of the Vascular Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Ulrich P. Jorde, Timothy Vittorio, Stuart D. Katz, Paolo C. Colombo, Farhana Latif, Thierry H. Le Jemtel
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Plasma aldosterone levels are elevated in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) taking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Elevated aldosterone levels may reflect incomplete inhibition of the vascular converting enzyme during long-term ACE inhibition. We simultaneously measured plasma aldosterone levels and the degree of inhibition of the vascular converting enzyme in patients with CHF. Methods and Results— Thirty-four subjects with CHF receiving the maximum recommended doses of ACE inhibitors for a duration of 3 to 105 months were studied. The pressor response to exogenous angiotensin I (AI) was measured and normalized for the pressor response to angiotensin II (AII) to assess inhibition of the vascular converting enzyme (AII/AI ratio). Aldosterone levels were determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Eleven of the 34 subjects had plasma aldosterone levels above the upper limit of normal, ie, &gt;15.0 ng/dL. Seven of these 11 subjects (64%) had an AII/AI ratio ≤0.05, indicating complete inhibition of the vascular converting enzyme. In the entire cohort, the AII/AI ratio did not correlate with the duration of ACE inhibitor therapy. Conclusions— Plasma aldosterone levels are elevated in patients with CHF during long-term ACE inhibitor therapy despite complete inhibition of the vascular converting enzyme. Complete inhibition of the vascular converting enzyme does not obviate the need for aldosterone receptor blockade in patients with CHF.