tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Glucocorticoid Receptor β in Airway Cells of Glucocorticoid-insensitive Asthma
Authors: QUTAYBA A. HAMID, SALLY E. WENZEL, PIA J. HAUK, ANNE TSICOPOULOS, BENOIT WALLAERT, JEAN-JACQUES LAFITTE, GEORGE P. CHROUSOS, STANLEY J. SZEFLER, DONALD Y. M. LEUNG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Glucocorticoid (GC)-insensitive asthma is a challenging clinical problem that can be associated with life-threatening disease progression. The molecular basis of GC insensitivity is unknown. Alternative splicing of the GC receptor (GCR) pre-mRNA generates a second GCR, termed GCR β , which does not bind GC but antagonizes the transactivating activity of the classic GCR. Thus increased expression of GCR β could account for glucocorticoid insensitivity. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined for GCR β immunoreactivity using a GCR β -specific antibody by immunohistochemical staining. Cell localization of GCR β expression was performed using a double immunostaining technique. Patients with GC-insensitive asthma expressed a significantly higher number of GCR β -immunoreactive cells in their BAL and peripheral blood than GC-sensitive asthmatics or normal control subjects. Furthermore, GCR β expression in GC-insensitive asthma was particularly high in airway T cells, which are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of asthma. We also examined the expression of GCR β in specimens from the airways of patients with chronic bronchitis. In chronic bronchitis, few cells were GCR β -positive and their numbers did not differ significantly from normal control subjects. We conclude that GC-insensitive asthma is associated with increased expression of GCR β in airway T cells.
Exploring life before IBD
Authors: Bénédicte De Vroey, Corinne Gower-Rousseau, Jean-Frédéric Colombel
Journal: Gut (2012)

Van Schaik et al 1 present new data on serological markers as predictors of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) which open new perspectives on thwarting these diseases at their earliest phase.

The goals of treatment are currently evolving in IBD (ie, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)) from mere control of symptoms towards prevention of bowel damage and disability. Despite recent evidence for the efficacy of azathioprine and antitumour necrosis factor therapy to decrease the need for surgery, about a third of CD patients still require intestinal resection at 5 years.2 ,3 As in other chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis there is thus an increasing interest in conducting therapeutic trials early in the course of IBD when there is a window of opportunity to modify the natural history of the disease. An international consensus definition of early CD has recently been proposed which includes disease duration of less than 18 months and no previous use of disease-modifying agents.4 This may not be enough and, pushing the paradigm further, the earliest phase at which we may intervene in the …
LFA-1 immunodeficiency disease. Definition of the genetic defect and chromosomal mapping of alpha and beta subunits of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) by complementation in hybrid cells.
Authors: S D Marlin, C C Morton, D C Anderson, T A Springer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is a leukocyte cell adhesion protein. We have studied a novel human immunodeficiency disease in which LFA-1 and two other proteins which share the same beta subunit are lacking from the surface of leukocytes. The basis of the inherited defect in cell surface expression of both the alpha and beta subunits of LFA-1 was determined by somatic cell fusion of patient or normal human cells with an LFA-1+ mouse T cell line. Human LFA-1 alpha and beta subunits from normal cells could associate with mouse LFA-1 subunits to form interspecies hybrid alpha beta complexes. Surface expression of the alpha but not the beta subunit of patient cells was rescued by the formation of interspecies complexes. The findings show that the LFA-1 alpha subunit in genetically deficient cells is competent for surface expression in the presence of an appropriate beta subunit, and suggest that the genetic lesion affects the beta subunit. The human LFA-1 alpha and beta subunits were mapped to chromosomes 16 and 21, respectively. The genetic defect is inferred to be on chromosome 21.
Expression of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone by Human Melanoma and Nevi
Authors: Julie A. Ellerhorst, Aresu A. Naderi, Marilyn K. Johnson, Pauline Pelletier, Victor G. Prieto, A. Hafeez Diwan, Marcella M. Johnson, Debra C. Gunn, Sandra Yekell, Elizabeth A. Grimm
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a tripeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus in response to hypothyroidism. RNA transcripts for the TRH prohormone have recently been described in melanoma cell lines. To expand these findings, we have examined cultured melanoma cells and melanocytes, human melanoma tumors, and nevi for the expression of TRH. Experimental Design: Five melanoma cell lines were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR/Southern blotting for preproTRH message. The same melanoma lines and two melanocyte lines were examined by immunocytochemistry for TRH protein expression and for growth response to exogenous TRH. Immunohistochemistry was used to test for TRH protein in sections of 19 melanomas, 33 dysplastic nevi, and 27 benign nevi. Results: TRH message and protein were detected in all melanoma cell lines examined. Melanocytes were also found to express TRH protein. Four of the five melanoma cell lines but neither melanocyte line responded with a increase in proliferation to low concentrations of exogenous TRH. TRH immunoreactivity was observed in 12 of 19 melanomas (63%), 23 of 33 (69.7%) dysplastic nevi, and 14 of 27 (51.9%) benign nevi. Expression in dysplastic nevi was significantly greater than in benign nevi. Upon separate analysis of nevi from melanoma patients, the difference between dysplastic and benign nevi was even more significant. However, in healthy individuals, no difference between dysplastic and benign nevi was observed. Furthermore, dysplastic nevi from melanoma patients had a significantly higher percentage of TRH-positive cells when compared with healthy individuals. Conclusions: TRH is commonly expressed by melanomas and dysplastic nevi and may function as a melanoma autocrine growth factor. The presence of TRH in dysplastic nevi may be predictive for the development of melanoma. Our findings have significant clinical and biological implications for future research into the early stages of melanoma initiation and progression.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on chronic gastritis during omeprazole therapy
Authors: B E Schenk
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> We have previously observed that profound acid suppressive therapy in<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> positive patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is associated with increased corpus inflammation and accelerated development of atrophic gastritis. <h3>AIM</h3> To investigate if<i>H pylori </i>eradication at the start of acid suppressive therapy prevents the development of these histological changes. <h3>PATIENTS/METHODS</h3> In a prospective randomised case control study, patients with reflux oesophagitis were treated with omeprazole 40 mg once daily for 12 months. <i>H pylori</i> positive patients were randomised to additional double blind treatment with omeprazole 20 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily or placebo for one week. Biopsy sampling for histology, scored according to the updated Sydney classification, and culture were performed at baseline, and at three and 12 months. <h3>RESULTS</h3> In the persistently <i>H pylori </i>positive group (n=24), active inflammation increased in the corpus and decreased in the antrum during therapy (p=0.032 and p=0.002, respectively). In contrast, in the<i>H pylori</i> positive group that became<i>H pylori</i> negative as a result of treatment (n=33), active and chronic inflammation in both the corpus and antrum decreased (p⩽0.0001). The decrease in active and chronic inflammation in the corpus differed significantly compared with the persistently<i>H pylori</i> positive group (both p=0.001). For atrophy scores, no significant differences were observed between<i>H pylori</i> eradicated and persistently<i>H pylori</i> positive patients within one year of follow up. No changes were observed in the <i>H pylori</i> negative control group (n=26). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> <i>H pylori</i> eradication prevents the increase in corpus gastritis associated with profound acid suppressive therapy. Longer follow up is needed to determine if <i>H pylori</i> eradication prevents the development of atrophic gastritis.
Bilateral anterior shoulder dislocations in bench pressing: an unusual cause.
Authors: T R Cresswell, R B Smith
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1998)

A case of bilateral anterior glenohumeral dislocation in a young weight trainer is presented. The patient, an insurance clerk, had been using a free weight bar in the bench press position and had become tired when the weight on the bar forced his arms into hyperextension in the mid-abducted position. The humeral shaft gradually pivoted on the bench and the humeral heads were slowly dislocated anteriorly by the weight of the bar. Simple closed reduction under sedation was performed and there were no complications. After six weeks in bilateral broad arm slings, with pendulum exercises from two weeks, the patient began to mobilise his arms and he achieved a full range of movements. This unusual mechanism of injury has not previously been reported and we recommend that bench pressing should be performed with a weight that can be "locked" to prevent crushing of the user. Furthermore, the bench should be narrow enough to allow the shoulders to overhang, allowing greater extension in the abducted position without the arm pivoting on the edge of the bench.
Improving Functional Recovery After Critical Illness
Authors: Christopher E. Cox, Catherine L. Hough
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Vaseline and burns: Vaseline should not be used as first aid for burns
Authors: B A De Souza
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—We would like to draw attention to the inappropriate use of Vaseline as a first aid measure in burns.

A 3 year old Nigerian boy sustained a 15% scald to his back and perineum in a hot water bath. The mother removed him from the bath and applied Vaseline immediately to all the burnt areas (figure, top). When questioned as to why she had done this, she reported that it is common practice in Nigeria and that it is recommended on the container (figure, bottom).



Figure 1

Front (top) and back (bottom) of Vaseline container



This is not the only case we have encountered in which Vaseline was used as a first aid measure for a scald in a child. We examined the containers for Vaseline manufactured in this country and in Nigeria, and both recommend its use for minor burns. This information is misleading as the initial aim in first aid burn treatment is to reduce the latent heat of the burn, thereby reducing skin damage by immersing the burnt area in cold water.

Grease should never be applied to a fresh burn where the superficial part of the skin is missing. In addition to being occlusive, it is non-sterile, promotes bacterial proliferation on the surface of the wound, and may lead to infection.1,2 We propose that the manufacturers change their labelling system, to clearly state that Vaseline is not to be used as an immediate first aid measure for burns, but can be used as a subsequent dressing for minor burns.
External nasal dilation reduces snoring in chronic rhinitis patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: D. Pevernagie, E. Hamans, P. Van Cauwenberge, R. Pauwels
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Chronic rhinitis patients often suffer from unrefreshing sleep and snoring, related to increased nasal resistance to airflow. Previous trials based on subjective assessment of snoring have demonstrated beneficial effects of Breathe Right (BR), a noninvasive external nasal dilator. Polysomnography (PSG) was applied to objectively assess the effects of BR on snoring. Twelve nonobese chronic rhinitis patients participated in the present study, which had a randomized, placebo-controlled design. The presence of snoring and the absence of sleep apnoea was demonstrated during a baseline overnight sleep study. Patients were then randomized for placebo or true nasal dilator treatment, which was also assessed by overnight PSG. The use of BR had no effect on sleep quality, arousal-index apnoea-hypopnoea-index or snoring loudness. Snoring frequency was significantly lowered by BR (173+/-29 snores x h(-l)), compared with placebo (258+/-34 snores x h(-1); p=0.016). The results support the hypothesis that Breathe Right is effective in reducing the amount of snoring in patients with chronic rhinitis. This objective finding is in line with some other reports on subjective improvement of snoring, based upon the judgement of bedpartners.
Efficacy and Safety of Sitagliptin Versus Glipizide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Juan Camilo Arjona Ferreira, Michel Marre, Nir Barzilai, Hua Guo, Gregory T. Golm, Christine McCrary Sisk, Keith D. Kaufman, Barry J. Goldstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease have an increased risk of micro- and macrovascular disease, but limited options for antihyperglycemic therapy. We compared the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin with glipizide in patients with T2DM and moderate-to-severe chronic renal insufficiency and inadequate glycemic control.Patients (n = 426) were randomized 1:1 to sitagliptin (50 mg every day [q.d.] for moderate renal insufficiency and 25 mg q.d. for severe renal insufficiency) or glipizide (2.5 mg q.d., adjusted based on glycemic control to a 10-mg twice a day maximum dose). Randomization was stratified by: 1) renal status (moderate or severe renal insufficiency); 2) history of cardiovascular disease; and 3) history of heart failure.At week 54, treatment with sitagliptin was noninferior to treatment with glipizide in A1C change from baseline (-0.8 vs. -0.6%; between-group difference -0.11%; 95% CI -0.29 to 0.06) because the upper bound of the 95% CI was less than the prespecified noninferiority margin of 0.4%. There was a lower incidence of symptomatic hypoglycemia adverse events (AEs) with sitagliptin versus glipizide (6.2 and 17.0%, respectively; P = 0.001) and a decrease in body weight with sitagliptin (-0.6 kg) versus an increase (1.2 kg) with glipizide (difference, -1.8 kg; P < 0.001). The incidence of gastrointestinal AEs was low with both treatments.In patients with T2DM and chronic renal insufficiency, sitagliptin and glipizide provided similar A1C-lowering efficacy. Sitagliptin was generally well-tolerated, with a lower risk of hypoglycemia and weight loss versus weight gain, relative to glipizide.
Mixed community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised patients
Authors: A. de Roux, S. Ewig, E. García, M. A. Marcos, J. Mensa, H. Lode, A. Torres
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The role of mixed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence, principal microbial patterns, clinical predictors and course of mixed CAP. The current study included 1,511 consecutive hospitalised patients with CAP. Of these, 610 (40%) patients had an established aetiology. One pathogen was demonstrated in 528 patients and 82 (13%) patients had mixed pneumonia. Cases including CAP, by a pyogenic bacteria and a complete paired serology for "atypicals", revealed that 82 (13%) patients had definite single pyogenic pneumonia and 28 patients (5%) had mixed pyogenic pneumonia. In patients with mixed CAP, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most prevalent microorganism (44 out of 82; 54%). The most frequent combination was S. pneumoniae with Haemophilus influenzae (17 out of 82; 21%). Influenza virus A and S. pneumoniae (five out of 28; 18%) was the most frequent association in the mixed pyogenic pneumonia group. No clinical predictors for mixed pneumonias could be identified. Patients with mixed pyogenic pneumonia more frequently developed shock when compared with patients with single pyogenic pneumonia (18 versus 4%). In conclusion, mixed pneumonia occurs in >10% of cases with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation.
Bioengineering Dermo-Epidermal Skin Grafts with Blood and Lymphatic Capillaries
Authors: Daniela Marino, Joachim Luginbühl, Simonetta Scola, Martin Meuli, Ernst Reichmann
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Human lymphatic capillaries were engineered in a 3D hydrogel system to improve dermo-epidermal skin grafting.
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in the pathogenesis of mononuclear cell alveolitis in pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Authors: K Dalhoff, S Bohnet, J Braun, B Kreft, K J Wiessmann
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Alveolitis in pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterised by an accumulation of highly activated macrophages and CD4+ lymphocytes in the alveolar compartment. The role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression on alveolar cells has been studied in this context.Using a sandwich ELISA technique, ICAM-1 expression on alveolar macrophages from 17 consecutive untreated patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and six healthy normal volunteers was quantified. In addition, parameters of macrophage activation (tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and superoxide anion release) were evaluated.Significantly elevated expression could be demonstrated on alveolar macrophages from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis compared with healthy controls (mean (SD) 0.74 (0.24) ELISA units (EU) v 0.46 (0.12) EU). On subdividing the patients into those with active and those with inactive disease, only the former showed increased ICAM-1 levels on alveolar macrophages (0.82 (0.27) EU) compared with control alveolar macrophages. No differences were detected in serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 between patients and controls. ICAM-1 expression on alveolar macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis correlated with the spontaneous release of TNF alpha but not with the release of the superoxide anion by the activated macrophages. There was no correlation with the percentage of lymphocytes or the absolute number of CD4+ cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.Increased ICAM-1 surface expression on alveolar macrophages reflects disease activity in the pulmonary compartment. Considering the significance of adhesion molecules during antigen presentation and lymphocyte activation, ICAM-1 expression on alveolar macrophages may have an important role in the immune process of pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Role of Human Papillomavirus and p16 Staining in a Patient With Head and Neck Cancer Presenting With a Synchronous Lung Nodule: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Marcelo Bonomi, Rachel W. Abbott, Alexis Patsias, Krzysztof Misiukiewicz, Elizabeth G. Demicco, David Zhang, Andrew Kaufman, Eric M. Genden, Marshall Posner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Case ReportA 67-year-old man with a 50 pack-year smoking history, who quit smoking 30 years before, presented complaining of dysphagia, odynophagia, hemoptysis, and a 20-pound weight loss over 3 months.A positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan showed a 2-cm, [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) -avid, left upper lobe nodule, a 3-cm FDG-avid left tonsillar mass, and a 2-cm FDG-avid left level IIa lymph node.The patient underwent a transoral biopsy that revealed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), nonkeratinizing type, with diffuse immunohistochemical staining for p16 as well as strongly positive in situ hybridization for human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16).Fine-needle aspiration of the lung nodule was suggestive of SCC.The patient underwent a minimally invasive thoracic surgery and left upper lobe wedge resection with a level 5 mediastinal lymph node dissection.Histologic examination of the lung nodule showed a poorly differentiated SCC that was morphologically dissimilar to the tonsillar tumor (Fig 1).The tumor was 1.4 cm in largest diameter, and the margins and mediastinal lymph nodes were negative.Immunostaining for p16 was diffusely positive (Fig 2).Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated that the tumor was negative for HPV16, HPV18, and other HPV genotypes such as 6, 11, 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, and 68.
Vascular Access Choice in Incident Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: David A. Drew, Charmaine E. Lok, Joshua T. Cohen, Martin Wagner, Navdeep Tangri, Daniel E. Weiner
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

Hemodialysis vascular access recommendations promote arteriovenous (AV) fistulas first; however, it may not be the best approach for all hemodialysis patients, because likelihood of successful fistula placement, procedure-related and subsequent costs, and patient survival modify the optimal access choice. We performed a decision analysis evaluating AV fistula, AV graft, and central venous catheter (CVC) strategies for patients initiating hemodialysis with a CVC, a scenario occurring in over 70% of United States dialysis patients. A decision tree model was constructed to reflect progression from hemodialysis initiation. Patients were classified into one of three vascular access choices: maintain CVC, attempt fistula, or attempt graft. We explicitly modeled probabilities of primary and secondary patency for each access type, with success modified by age, sex, and diabetes. Access-specific mortality was incorporated using preexisting cohort data, including terms for age, sex, and diabetes. Costs were ascertained from the 2010 USRDS report and Medicare for procedure costs. An AV fistula attempt strategy was found to be superior to AV grafts and CVCs in regard to mortality and cost for the majority of patient characteristic combinations, especially younger men without diabetes. Women with diabetes and elderly men with diabetes had similar outcomes, regardless of access type. Overall, the advantages of an AV fistula attempt strategy lessened considerably among older patients, particularly women with diabetes, reflecting the effect of lower AV fistula success rates and lower life expectancy. These results suggest that vascular access-related outcomes may be optimized by considering individual patient characteristics.