tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in Amylin and Amylin-Like Peptide Concentrations ana (β-Cell Function in Response to Sulfonylurea or Insulin Therapy in NIDDM
Authors: Jonathan Rachman, Martin J Payne, Jonathan C Levy, Beryl A Barrow, Rury R Holman, Robert C Turner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE Amylin, a secretory peptide of fi-cells, is the constituent peptide of islet amyloid, which is characteristic of NIDDM, and changes in amylin secretion in response to therapies may influence the rate of production of islet amyloid. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether therapy with sulfonylurea or basal insulin in NIDDM would alter amylin secretion in a way that might affect the formation of islet amyloid. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a randomized crossover design, eight subjects with NIDDM underwent diree 8-week periods of therapy with diet alone, sulfonylurea, or exogenous basal insulin, with evaluation of amylin, amylin-like peptide (ALP), and glucose and C-peptide concentrations, both during fasting and after a standard breakfast. Changes in (β-cell function (%β) were assessed, in the basal state by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and in the stimulated state by hyperglycemic clamps. Seven nondiabetic control subjects each underwent a meal profile and hyperglycemic clamp. RESULTS Both sulfonylurea and insulin therapy reduced basal glucose concentrations compared with diet alone, but neither reduced the increased postprandial glucose increments. Both sulfonylurea and insulin therapy increased basal %β, assessed by HOMA, but only sulfonylurea increased the second-phase C-peptide responses to the hyperglycemic clamp. Sulfonylurea increased time-averaged mean postprandial amylin and ALP concentrations compared with diet alone (geometric mean [1-SD range] for amylin, 4.9 [2.0–11.8] vs. 3.0 [1.4–6.2] pmol/1, P = 0.003; for ALP, 16.4 [8.5–31.7] vs. 10.1 [4.9–20.8] pmol/1, P = 0.001). Insulin therapy reduced basal ALP concentrations compared with diet alone (2.9 [1.5–5.6] vs. 6.0 [2.6–13.6] pmol/1, P = 0.03), but had no effect on postprandial concentrations of amylin (3.0 [1.3–6.5] pmol/1) or ALP (10.0 [5.5–18.1] pmol/1). CONCLUSIONS By increasing postprandial concentrations of the constituent peptides of islet amyloid, sulfonylurea therapy might increase the rate of deposition of islet amyloid and thereby accelerate the decline of %β in NIDDM, compared with diet therapy alone.
Changing Patterns and Present Status of Female Breast Cancer in China over 30 Years.
Authors: L. Fan, Y. Zheng, K. Yu, G. Liu, Z. Shen, Z. Shao
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Introduction: As a metropolis with rapid social and economic development over the past three decades, Shanghai has a breast cancer incidence that surpasses all other cancer registries in China.Methods: In order to estimate the regular changing patterns of female breast cancer in urban Shanghai, population-based incidence data from 1975 to 2004 were studied. In addition, a one-hospital-based in-patient database of 9709 female breast cancer patients treated surgically between Jan-1990 and Dec-2008 were reviewed, retrospectively.Results: We observed that breast cancer incidence increased dramatically over the past 30 years and documented a peak incidence represented by the middle-age group (45-59 yrs), which emerged in the last 20 years. The incidence peak moved from the 40-44 year group in the previous two decades to the 50-54 year group in the most recent decade. Median age at diagnosis was earlier in Shanghai than in the western countries, although it increased from 47.5-yr in 1990 to 51-yr in 2008. Considerably higher exposure to reproductive risk factors and relatively fewer hormone-dependent cases were observed- only 49.2% of breast cancers were estrogen receptor(ER) positive, 46.1% were progesterone receptor positive. The proportion of asymptomatic cases detected by screening gradually increased, as well as that of early-stage cases (from 78.6% in 1990 to 87.9% in 2008 and carcinoma in situ (14.9% in 2008). Analysis of surgical treatment patterns suggested a trend of less-invasive options.Conclusions: Rapid socioeconomic growth and birth-control policies have revealed some unique risk factors, which pushed the pattern of breast cancer in Shanghai towards that of the western countries. Age of peak incidence as well as median age at diagnosis increase with time, which suggests that increased incidence trending along with increasing age will be observed in the future. The middle-age group born after 1950s would be involved in current birth-control policies and they are also the cohorts related to the incidence boom. Thus specific screening protocols should be refined for the Chinese population, considering not only increasing age but also birth cohorts. Improvements in breast cancer detection provide patients with more opportunities for less invasive treatment options. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2058.
The reproductive toxicology of Great Lakes contaminants.
Authors: W G Foster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The Great Lakes basin is characterized as a heavily populated and industrialized region in which a large number of environmental contaminants have been identified. Both the scientific community and the public have voiced concern that contaminants present in the Great Lakes may pose undue risk to human reproduction. Evidence from animal experiments, wildlife studies, and reports of occupational and accidental human exposures indicate that chemical contaminants can adversely affect reproduction. The purpose of this paper is to review the reproductive toxicity of some of the many contaminants known to be present in the Great Lakes. Since the number of chemicals present in the Great Lakes is far too great for each to be adequately reviewed here, discussion will be limited to those contaminants that have been identified in human serum, ovarian follicular fluid, and semen obtained from people residing in the Great Lakes region. It is concluded that a) the data at present is too limited to support the notion that reproduction, in the general population, has been impaired by exposure to chemicals present in the Great Lakes; b) the lack of data in some cases such as for hexachloroethane and 1,2,4-trichlobenzene does provide reason for concern and underscores the need for further research in this area; and c) the potential for a number of the compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT), to disrupt endocrine functions suggests that additive or synergistic effects of these compounds may already be causing adverse effects on reproduction in sensitive individuals, which needs to be explored.
PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION: IMPACT OF PARADOXICAL LOW-FLOW ON ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY
Authors: Yoshinobu Suwa, Yoko Miyasaka, Satoshi Tsujimoto, Hirofumi Maeba, Ichiro Shiojima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Lichen planus in relation to occupational and non-occupational exposure to chemicals
Authors: C. LIDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Lichen planus-like eruptions are known to be caused by occupational exposure to colour film developing agents that are derivatives of p-phenylenediamine (PPDA), e.g. CD-2 and CD-3. To elucidate whether such chemicals are a cause of lichen planus in patients at a department of general dermatology, 119 lichen planus patients were interviewed about occupational and non-occupational exposure to chemicals. Patch testing with CD-2, CD-3, PPDA and IPPD was performed in 49. No occupational risk group for lichen planus could be identified and no case of contact allergy to the tested substances was found. Patch testing with these substances is only recommended when there is a history of exposure.
Prolactin and growth hormone responses to dermorphin in patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma
Authors: Ettore C. degli Uberti, Giorgio Trasforini, Severo Salvadori, Angelo Margutti, Carmela Rotola, Michele Bianconi, Valeria Teodori, Roberto Tomatis, Raffaele Pansini
Journal: Metabolism (1985)
The Language of Grief
Authors: Ronald Lands
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Ad Libitum21 September 2010The Language of GriefRonald Lands, MDRonald Lands, MDFrom Knoxville, TN 37920.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-6-201009210-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail (After Amy Hempel)Don't leash me with your collars.Don't stand under your lighter than air phrasesthat float in a balloon over your headthen sink under the weight of their own ignorance.Don't tell me “He's in a better place,”if you believe that Jesus walked on water,or “She's not suffering …,”if you're one of the enlightenedwho presume that if there is nothing,it must be painless.Learn from my dog, the onewho perfected the empathic presencewith a wet nose, a wagging tail and silence,one who is fluent in the language of grief.Ronald Lands, MDKnoxville, TN 37920 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Knoxville, TN 37920.Current Author Address: Ronald Lands, MD, Department of Medicine, University of Tennesse Graduate School of Medicine, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 September 2010Volume 153, Issue 6Page: 417KeywordsGraduate medical education ePublished: 21 September 2010 Issue Published: 21 September 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The GP quiz book 2. Further detection and management of physical disease.: Alick Munro. (Pp 191; soft cover pound17.95.) Abingdon, Oxon: Radcliffe Medical Press Ltd, 2000. ISBN 1- 85775-383-6.
Authors: Steve Mcnally
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

This well presented paperback contains true/false and short answer questions based on recent articles from the British Medical Journal and the British Journal of General Practice . Chapters cover specialties, diseases, or treatment areas. Sports medicine is pitifully represented by only five questions (one less than the HIV section!); however, at least the GP reader …
Biochemical analysis of callus tissue in osteogenesis imperfecta type IV. Evidence for transient overmodification in collagen types I and III.
Authors: R E Brenner, U Vetter, A Nerlich, O Wörsdorfer, W M Teller, P K Müller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We analyzed tissue and cells from a stationary and a rapidly growing hyperplastic callus from a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type IV and compared the results with those of compact bone and skin fibroblasts of an age-matched control. Collagen and protein contents per cell were low in the callus tissues and collagen I and III were overmodified as evidenced by an elevated level of hydroxylysine. The degree of lysyl hydroxylation was highest in those regions that appeared most immature by histological examination. Lysyl hydroxylation approached normal levels in collagen from the stationary callus and from the center of the growing callus. Overmodification of collagen was not seen in compact bone or cell cultures (neither skin fibroblasts nor callus cells) from the patient. Elevation of hydroxylysine in collagen from OI patients is generally attributed to mutations that delay triple helix formation. Our observations suggest that the varying degree of collagen modifications may occur in consequence of regulatory mechanisms during bone development and tissue repair. These mechanisms may be defective in some patients with OI as seen in this case with hyperplastic callus formation.
Substance Abuse Disorders in Clinical Practice
Authors: Joyce H. Lowinson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This authoritative book is succinct and remarkably thorough for its length. In spite of the volume of material published on substance abuse, the reader will find here a fresh perspective. Until the publication of this book, physicians have lacked a really valuable tool for dealing with substance abusers, who are appearing with greater frequency in their offices, with either a primary complaint of substance abuse or, all too often, a history of substance abuse that is overlooked when they present with more common medical ailments. Dr Senay's simple "how-to" approach to interviewing, history taking, and counseling as well as his specific and detailed outlines of management principles should enable even the most inexperienced practitioner to establish a therapeutic relationship with substance abusers. The author wisely cautions against mere advice-giving and encourages instead "sensitive listening in an attempt to increase understanding of the forces at work...." This book is particularly valuable
Osteomalacia and coeliac disease presenting as isolated dactylitis.
Authors: A H Sultan, F E Bruckner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Heberden's nodes and osteoarthrosis of the hip SIR, I have read the interesting report by McGoldrick and O'Brien studying the relation between the various patterns of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and Heberden's nodes.'Their paper also challenges our earlier report, which found no significant association between osteoarthrosis of the weight bearing joints (hips and knees) and Heberden's nodes in a controlled study.2My main criticism of the McGoldrick and O'Brien paper is that they do not compare like with like.The prevalence and severity of the nodes in their axillary, superomedial, and protrusion groups combined (representing primary OA) is indeed higher than in the congenital dislocation of the hip, dysplasia, and superolateral groups combined (representing secondary OA).On the other hand, the combined female to male ratio is 32/18 among the probands in the first three groups and 15/22 among the probands in the last three groups.As is also pointed out by the authors this represents a clear difference in favour of women in the groups representing primary OA.It is universally acknowledged that Heberden's nodes by themselves are more common among women, regardless of the presence of OA in other joints.Thus it would have been better if the authors had analysed their data by considering the prevalence of the nodes among the two genders separately in order to eliminate the sex bias.
How Sweet It Is!
Authors: RONALD ARKY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Editorial Notes1 March 1972How Sweet It Is!RONALD ARKY, M.D.RONALD ARKY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-3-505 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the preinsulin era, when diabetes mellitus was regarded as a monopathy involving only a defect in carbohydrate metabolism, undue attention was given to the restriction of dietary carbohydrate. In fact, during that period many diabetics were subjected to starvation-type routines that limited their daily intake to 100 grams of carbohydrate or less (1). With the introduction of insulin therapy, the amounts of dietary carbohydrates were increased, and a few radicals even implied that no limitation be placed on the quantity of carbohydrate in the diabetic's diet. General consensus during the last several decades has been to maintain the diabetic...References1. ALLEN F: Total Dietary Regulation in the Treatment of Diabetes. New York, Rockefeller Institute, 1919 Google Scholar2. : Principles of nutrition and dietary recommendations for patients with diabetes mellitus: 1971. Diabetes 20:633-634, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BRUNZELLLERNERHAZZARD JRW: Improved glucose tolerance with high carbohydrate feeding in mild diabetes. N Engl J Med 284:521-524, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GREYKIPNIS ND: Effect of diet composition on the hyperinsulinemia of obesity. N Engl J Med 285:827-831, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard Medical School Mount Auburn Hospital Cambridge, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1972Volume 76, Issue 3Page: 505-506KeywordsCarbohydrate metabolismCarbohydratesDiabetes mellitusDietInsulin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Multifunctionality of PAI-1 in fibrogenesis: Evidence from obstructive nephropathy in PAI-1–overexpressing mice
Authors: Shunya Matsuo, JeseS M. Lepez-Guisa, Xiaohe Cai, Daryl M. Okamura, Charles E. Alpers, Roger E. Bumgarner, Mette A. Peters, Guoqiang Zhang, Allison A. Eddy
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Embolic Occlusion of Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: G. B. ELLIOTT, R. E. BEAMISH
Journal: Circulation (1953)

In the presence of a patent foramen ovale, pulmonary embolism may result in a right-to-left interatrial shunt which serves to alleviate the effects of the embolism. When the shunt is occluded by a subsequent embolus, sudden death occurs. The clinical and pathologic features of the syndrome are described.
Narrative based medicine: Stories we hear and stories we tell: analysing talk in clinical practice
Authors: G. Elwyn, R. Gwyn
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This is the third in a series of five articles on narrative based medicine > Even at its scientific best, medicine is always a social act.1 For all the science that underpins clinical practice, practitioners and patients make sense of the world by way of stories. 2 3 Even the most evidence crazed doctors have to translate their perception of "biostatistical truths" into accounts that make sense to others. Studies of the consultation process, which have largely taken place in primary care, have focused on the structure of the meeting from greeting to closure. 4 5 The concepts of doctor centredness or patient centredness are described6 and measured7; these concepts undoubtedly have a profound influence on professional practice.8 These observations have led to an ongoing exploration of the effect that communication styles have on both patient satisfaction and clinical outcome.9 But there is much more depth to be explored in the process of communication, and the tools normally used are insufficient to examine the layers of meaning that lie within the text of exchanges.10 The microanalysis of talk can inform the essence of medical practice, define principles for effective communication, attach meanings to a patient's story, as well as help doctors share ideas about fears and hopes for the future—in medical speak: communicate risks and benefits.11 By deconstructing a piece of dialogue in this paper, we hope to illustrate the value of learning to listen carefully to the stories we hear. ### Summary points
Case 29-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A twenty-five-year-old gravida 6, para 3, housewife entered the hospital because of vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. The last menstrual period, which was normal, occurred thirteen weeks before entry, and subsequently there was monthly staining with a small amount of brownish material. One week before admission daily mild vaginal bleeding began. She experienced crampy pain in the lower abdomen accompanied by chills and a high fever on the day before entry, and on the next day frank bleeding commenced. Physical examination revealed an acutely ill woman. The chest was clear, and the heart was normal. The uterine . . .
Perspectives on the Etiology of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Harold N. Mozar
Journal: JAMA (1987)

There is a lack of consensus among investigators concerning the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Clues are not lacking, however, and we have assessed them in a broad biologic context. This inquiry has led us to regard Alzheimer's disease as a multifactorial disorder in which a putative infective agent is an essential element. Despite seeming competition among current hypotheses, there is overall unity. The concept that Down's syndrome is a congenital form of Alzheimer's disease and that both conditions are the result of a ubiquitous infective pathogen that affects genetically susceptible individuals offers the broadest unification. In both conditions slow infection develops against the background of aging. Indirect evidence involving immunologic and other biologic phenomena supports the postulated infectious origin. Overlapping pathologic and clinical features of Alzheimer's disease and the known transmissible encephalopathies suggest a similar pathogenesis.
Marked improvement in cystic fibrosis lung disease and nutrition following change in home environment
Authors: Atul Gupta, Donald Urquhart, Mark Rosenthal
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life{limiting, hereditary,multisystem disease predominantly affecting thelungs and pancreas. Over the last few years, sur-vival of CF patients has increased markedly. Thishas been attributed to earlier diagnosis, improvedpatient care delivered by multidisciplinary teamsand more effective therapeutic options. It has beensuggested that the pathophysiologic basis of CFlies in different gene mutations that encode abnor-malities in the structure of the cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein,leading to physiologic defects in ion transport.
P325 BACLOFENE LEADS TO ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION REDUCTION AND HEPATIC IMPROVEMENT IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: C. Barrault, H. Lison, F. Roudot-Thoraval, E. Sarlon, V. Béhar, M. Medmoun, I. Rosa Hezode, D. Belloula, A. Garioud, H. Hagege, G. Pulvermacher, J.F. Cadranel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Sγ3 switch sequences function in place of endogenous Sγ1 to mediate antibody class switching
Authors: Ali A. Zarrin, Peter H. Goff, Kate Senger, Frederick W. Alt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) class switch recombination (CSR) replaces the initially expressed IgH Cμ exons with a set of downstream IgH constant region (CH) exons. Individual sets of CH exons are flanked upstream by long (1–10-kb) repetitive switch (S) regions, with CSR involving a deletional recombination event between the donor Sμ region and a downstream S region. Targeting CSR to specific S regions might be mediated by S region–specific factors. To test the role of endogenous S region sequences in targeting specific CSR events, we generated mutant B cells in which the endogenous 10-kb Sγ1 region was replaced with wild-type (WT) or synthetic 2-kb Sγ3 sequences or a synthetic 2-kb Sγ1 sequence. We found that both the inserted endogenous and synthetic Sγ3 sequences functioned similarly to a size-matched synthetic Sγ1 sequence to mediate substantial CSR to IgG1 in mutant B cells activated under conditions that stimulate IgG1 switching in WT B cells. We conclude that Sγ3 can function similarly to Sγ1 in mediating endogenous CSR to IgG1. The approach that we have developed will facilitate assays for IgH isotype–specific functions of other endogenous S regions.