A171: Tocilizumab Dosing in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Optimizing for Different Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Type and Patient Body Weight
Authors: Peng Lu, Joy Hsu, Caroline Keane, Scott Fettner, Jianmei Wang, Nicolino Ruperto, Olivier Harari, Hermine Brunner, Fabrizio De Benedetti
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

Tocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) inhibitor, is effective in systemic and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA, pJIA). Body weight (BW)-adjusted intravenous dosing regimens (TCZ 8 mg/kg Q2W for sJIA and Q4W for pJIA) were assessed in Japanese phase 3 trials. In Japanese patients (pts), BW adjustment led to lower TCZ exposure with lower BW; thus, higher doses were proposed for pts with BW <30 kg in the global TENDER (sJIA) and CHERISH (pJIA) trials. Herein, we describe the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and exposure-efficacy/-safety relationships of adjusted BW-based TCZ therapy in sJIA/pJIA pts.



Methods:

PK/PD results were summarized in TCZ-treated pts from part 1 of TENDER and CHERISH. TENDER part 1 (n = 75) comprised a 12-wk, double-blind phase with pts randomised 1:1 to TCZ or placebo Q2W: TCZ 12 mg/kg if  30 kg. CHERISH part 1 (n = 177) comprised a 16-wk TCZ Q4W open-label phase (TCZ 8 mg/kg if >30 kg and 8 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg if  5 active joints and >38°C fever for >5 days (sJIA) or >3 of >5 joints with limited motion (pJIA). Blood samples were analyzed for TCZ, IL-6R blockade markers (IL-6, soluble IL-6R [sIL-6R]), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Efficacy was measured as JIA ACR30/50/70/90 response rates. Population PK (popPK) modeling was used to further analyze serum TCZ concentration data in addition to descriptive summary statistics.



Results:

In sJIA pts, mean serum TCZ concentrations over time and steady state TCZ exposures at wk 12 were similar between TCZ 8 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg BW groups. Predose concentrations trended upward over time, stabilizing by wks 10–12. IL-6, sIL-6R, CRP, and ESR profiles were overlaid between BW groups, showing similar IL-6R blockade. Consistently, primary efficacy outcomes by JIA ACR 70/90 response were also comparable. In pJIA pts, the <30 kg group taking TCZ 8 mg/kg had lower TCZ concentrations than the <30 kg group taking 10 mg/kg and the ≥30 kg taking 8 mg/kg, which were similar to each other. IL-6, sIL-6R, CRP, and ESR profiles indicated reduced IL-6R blockade in pts <30 kg taking TCZ 8 mg/kg versus the other two groups. Consistent with this, quartile analysis showed lower JIA ACR30/50/70/90 response rates at wk 16 in the lowest TCZ exposure quartile. No clear trends in adverse events across exposure quartiles were seen in sJIA or pJIA pts. PopPK analysis showed similar linear clearance of TCZ in sJIA and pJIA pts, but the Michaelis-Menten constant in target-mediated clearance was 3–4× higher in sJIA pts.



Conclusion:

Results support adjusting BW-based TCZ dosing in sJIA/pJIA pts with the optimal dosages: sJIA, TCZ 12 mg/kg Q2W for BW <30 kg, and 8 mg/kg Q2W for BW ≥30 kg; pJIA, TCZ 10 mg/kg Q4W for BW <30 kg and 8 mg/kg Q4W for BW ≥30 kg. Taking into consideration comparable linear clearances in sJIA/pJIA pts, the higher Michaelis-Menten constant in target-mediated clearance for sJIA pts may be due to higher cell surface IL-6R levels. Observations are consistent with higher baseline IL-6 signaling in sJIA pts and potentially explain the need for higher dose regimens to saturate IL-6R for optimal therapy in sJIA pts.