tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Wheezing Rhinovirus Illnesses in Early Life Predict Asthma Development in High-Risk Children
Authors: Daniel J. Jackson, Ronald E. Gangnon, Michael D. Evans, Kathy A. Roberg, Elizabeth L. Anderson, Tressa E. Pappas, Magnolia C. Printz, Wai-Ming Lee, Peter A. Shult, Erik Reisdorf, Kirsten T. Carlson-Dakes, Lisa P. Salazar, Douglas F. DaSilva, Christopher J. Tisler, James E. Gern, Robert F. Lemanske
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Virus-induced wheezing episodes in infancy often precede the development of asthma. Whether infections with specific viral pathogens confer differential future asthma risk is incompletely understood.To define the relationship between specific viral illnesses and early childhood asthma development.A total of 259 children were followed prospectively from birth to 6 years of age. The etiology and timing of specific viral wheezing respiratory illnesses during early childhood were assessed using nasal lavage, culture, and multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The relationships of these virus-specific wheezing illnesses and other risk factors to the development of asthma were analyzed.Viral etiologies were identified in 90% of wheezing illnesses. From birth to age 3 years, wheezing with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (odds ratio [OR], 2.6), rhinovirus (RV) (OR, 9.8), or both RV and RSV (OR , 10) was associated with increased asthma risk at age 6 years. In Year 1, both RV wheezing (OR, 2.8) and aeroallergen sensitization (OR, 3.6) independently increased asthma risk at age 6 years. By age 3 years, wheezing with RV (OR, 25.6) was more strongly associated with asthma at age 6 years than aeroallergen sensitization (OR, 3.4). Nearly 90% (26 of 30) of children who wheezed with RV in Year 3 had asthma at 6 years of age.Among outpatient viral wheezing illnesses in infancy and early childhood, those caused by RV infections are the most significant predictors of the subsequent development of asthma at age 6 years in a high-risk birth cohort.
Intrahepatic hepatitis C viral RNA status of serum polymerase chain reaction–negative individuals with histological changes on liver biopsy
Authors: Sharon Barrett, Niamh Kieran, Eleanor Ryan, Conor J. O'Keane, John Crowe
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

For individuals testing anti–HCV positive but negative for HCV RNA in serum, diagnosis remains unclear. Debate exists over whether these individuals have resolved infection or have similar clinical, histological, and virological profiles as serum PCR-positive individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of histological changes in the liver of 33 serum PCR-negative women by investigation of clinical, histological, and intrahepatic HCV RNA status. For comparison, clinical and histological data from 100 serum PCR-positive women is presented. Viral RNA status was determined in snap–frozen liver biopsies using a sensitive nested PCR with an internal control. Although serum PCR-positive and -negative individuals shared similar age at diagnosis, source, and duration of infection, they differed from a clinical, histological, and virological perspective. Mean serum ALT levels were significantly lower in serum PCR-negative women (27.4 IU/L ± 18 vs. 58.7 IU/L ± 40 P &lt; .001). Similarly, although inflammation (82%) and mild fibrosis (15%) were observed in PCR-negative biopsies, the mean HAI/fibrosis scores were significantly lower than in serum PCR-positive biopsies (1.9 ± 1.5/0.15 ± 0.4 vs. 4.2 ± 1.4/1.1 ± 1.3, respectively). Finally, HCV RNA was not detectable in serum PCR-negative liver biopsies but was detectable in all serum PCR-positive control biopsies. In conclusion, serum PCR-negative individuals may have mild histological abnormalities more suggestive of nonspecific reactive changes, steatosis or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis rather than chronic HCV, even when significant antibody responses are present in serum. Negative serum PCR status appears to reflect cleared past–exposure in liver.
Liberal or Restrictive Transfusion after Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Gavin J. Murphy, Katie Pike, Chris A. Rogers, Sarah Wordsworth, Elizabeth A. Stokes, Gianni D. Angelini, Barnaby C. Reeves
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Whether a restrictive threshold for hemoglobin level in red-cell transfusions, as compared with a liberal threshold, reduces postoperative morbidity and health care costs after cardiac surgery is uncertain.We conducted a multicenter, parallel-group trial in which patients older than 16 years of age who were undergoing nonemergency cardiac surgery were recruited from 17 centers in the United Kingdom. Patients with a postoperative hemoglobin level of less than 9 g per deciliter were randomly assigned to a restrictive transfusion threshold (hemoglobin level <7.5 g per deciliter) or a liberal transfusion threshold (hemoglobin level <9 g per deciliter). The primary outcome was a serious infection (sepsis or wound infection) or an ischemic event (permanent stroke [confirmation on brain imaging and deficit in motor, sensory, or coordination functions], myocardial infarction, infarction of the gut, or acute kidney injury) within 3 months after randomization. Health care costs, excluding the index surgery, were estimated from the day of surgery to 3 months after surgery.A total of 2007 patients underwent randomization; 4 participants withdrew, leaving 1000 in the restrictive-threshold group and 1003 in the liberal-threshold group. Transfusion rates after randomization were 53.4% and 92.2% in the two groups, respectively. The primary outcome occurred in 35.1% of the patients in the restrictive-threshold group and 33.0% of the patients in the liberal-threshold group (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 1.34; P=0.30); there was no indication of heterogeneity according to subgroup. There were more deaths in the restrictive-threshold group than in the liberal-threshold group (4.2% vs. 2.6%; hazard ratio, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.67; P=0.045). Serious postoperative complications, excluding primary-outcome events, occurred in 35.7% of participants in the restrictive-threshold group and 34.2% of participants in the liberal-threshold group. Total costs did not differ significantly between the groups.A restrictive transfusion threshold after cardiac surgery was not superior to a liberal threshold with respect to morbidity or health care costs. (Funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment program; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN70923932.).
Percutaneous cooled-tip microwave ablation under ultrasound guidance for primary liver cancer: a multicentre analysis of 1363 treatment-naive lesions in 1007 patients in China
Authors: Ping Liang, Jie Yu, Xiao-ling Yu, Xiao-hui Wang, Qiang Wei, Song-yuan Yu, Hong-xin Li, Hou-tan Sun, Zheng-xin Zhang, He-chun Liu, Zhi-gang Cheng, Zhi-yu Han
Journal: Gut (2011)

We read with interest the article by Auernhammer and Goke1 on therapeutic strategies for liver metastasis in neuroendocrine carcinomas. Local tumour progress following radiofrequency ablation (RFA) occurred in only 6% of neuroendocrine carcinomas, but no data on overall survival and prognostic factors following RFA were available. As another thermal ablative technique for liver cancer, microwave ablation (MWA), which uses electromagnetic energy to rapidly rotate adjacent polar water molecules to achieve primarily active heating, shows the following advantages: higher intratumorous temperatures, larger ablation …
Formic Aldehyde as a Rapid Hardening Reagent for Animal Tissues
Authors: W. M. Eccles
Journal: BMJ (1894)

very sliglhtly depressing action on thie patient.The vomiting once anid for a 1 coinipletely ceased.The temperature was normal next morninga, anid only once again, on the thliird (lay and for a few lhotirs, rose to 1010.On the second day (Decemn- ber 21st) there was a suspicion of the passage of tlatus ; on December 22nd, a certaiinty of it; on Decemnber 24th, the tongue became moist, and( the bowels were opened at 3 P.M.
Overexpression of the Transcription Factor MEF2D in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Sustains Malignant Character by Suppressing G2–M Transition Genes
Authors: Leina Ma, Jia Liu, Limei Liu, Guangjie Duan, Qingliang Wang, Yanmin Xu, Feng Xia, Juanjuan Shan, Junjie Shen, Zhi Yang, Ping Bie, Youhong Cui, Xiu-Wu Bian, Jesus Prieto, Matías A. Avila, Cheng Qian
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

The underlying molecular pathogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma remains poorly understood. The transcription factor MEF2D promotes survival in various cell types and it seems to function as an oncogene in leukemia. However, its potential contributions to solid cancers have not been explored. In this study, we investigated MEF2D expression and function in hepatocellular carcinoma, finding that MEF2D elevation in hepatocellular carcinoma clinical specimens was associated with poor prognosis. MEF2D-positive primary hepatocellular carcinoma cells displayed a faster proliferation rate compared with MEF2D-negative cells, and silencing or promoting MEF2D expression in these settings limited or accelerated cell proliferation, respectively. Notably, MEF2D-silencing abolished hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenicity in mouse xenograft models. Mechanistic investigations revealed that MEF2D-silencing triggered G2-M arrest in a manner associated with direct downregulation of the cell-cycle regulatory genes RPRM, GADD45A, GADD45B, and CDKN1A. Furthermore, we identified MEF2D as an authentic target of miR-122, the reduced expression of which in hepatocellular carcinoma may be responsible for MEF2D upregulation. Together, our results identify MEF2D as a candidate oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma and a potential target for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
In vivo viscoelastic behavior in the human aorta.
Authors: T Imura, K Yamamoto, T Satoh, K Kanamori, T Mikami, H Yasuda
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

To characterize the viscoelastic properties of the human aorta in vivo, the pressure-diameter relation was determined in the abdominal aorta in 15 subjects. Diameter was measured noninvasively with a highly sensitive ultrasonic displacement meter, while intra-aortic pressure was measured with a catheter tip micromanometer inserted from the femoral artery. The frequency-dependent changes in the pressure-strain modulus (Ep) of the aorta and the phase lag of diameter to pressure were calculated by frequency analysis of these wave forms at the mean blood pressure of 109 mm Hg. The Ep and the phase lag at the fundamental frequency component (1.2 +/- 0.3 Hz, mean +/- SD) were (1.52 +/- 0.57) x 10(6) dyne/cm2 and -6.7 degrees +/- 2.1 degrees, respectively. Although the phase lag at the fundamental frequency was in good agreement with the published in vitro data, the calculated phase lags above the second harmonic were inconsistent, which was probably due to the nonlinearity in the pressure-diameter relation. To separate the effect of this nonlinearity, analysis was conducted with a model consisting of a static nonlinear component representing the elasticity and a dynamic linear component representing the viscosity. This method of analysis revealed that the phase lag due to the viscous component provided relatively flat frequency response to the 10th harmonic. It was confirmed that the aortic wall viscosity showed no apparent difference between the in vivo and the in vitro experimental conditions.
Prognostic Relevance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Blood and Disseminated Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow of Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Alexander Gröbe, Marco Blessmann, Henning Hanken, Reinhard E. Friedrich, Gerhard Schön, Johannes Wikner, Katharina E. Effenberger, Lan Kluwe, Max Heiland, Klaus Pantel, Sabine Riethdorf
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Current staging methods for squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the oral cavity (OSCC) need to be improved to predict the risk of individual patients. Because hematogenous tumor cell dissemination is a key event in tumor progression, we assessed the prognostic significance of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in bone marrow and circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood from patients with OSCC.From 110 patients with OSCC, tumors were surgically resected (R0) without neoadjuvant therapy. The CellSearch system was used to enumerate CTCs. Bone marrow was aspirated from the iliac crest, and mononuclear cells (MNC) were enriched by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. To detect DTCs, MNCs were immunostained with the pan-keratin antibody A45-B/B3. Results were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and clinical outcome such as recurrence and death during follow-up time (mean 916 days).Ten of 80 patients (12.5%) harbored CTCs in peripheral blood, whereas in 18 of 90 patients (20.0%) DTCs in bone marrow could be detected. Surprisingly, in only 2 patients (1.8%) CTCs and DTCs were detected simultaneously. Significant correlations could be found for CTCs and tumor size (P = 0.04), nodal status and DTCs (P = 0.02), and distant metastasis with CTCs (P = 0.004) and DTCs (P = 0.005). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that CTCs and DTCs were significant and independent predictors of recurrence-free survival (P < 0.001).Both DTCs and CTCs are independent prognostic markers in patients with OSCC, predicting relapse with higher sensitivity at various disease stages than routine staging procedures. Bone marrow might be an interesting target organ for future therapeutic interventions.
Antigen-specific suppression of human antibody responses by allogeneic T cells. I. Frequency and antigen specificity of allogeneic suppressor T cells and their role in major histocompatibility complex-controlled genetic restriction.
Authors: R E Callard, C M Winger, S L Tiernan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

Specific antibody responses to influenza virus were obtained in vitro from human blood mononuclear cells (PBM). The addition of allogeneic T cells to responding PBM profoundly suppressed antigen-induced antibody responses, but had no effect on pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced polyclonal Ig formation. This raised the possibility that suppression by allogeneic T cells may result from the activation of antigen-specific T suppressor (Ts) cells rather than nonspecific allogeneic effects. The frequency of allogeneic Ts in PBM from a number of different donors, estimated in a series of limiting dilution analyses, was found to range from 0.8 X 10(-5) to 4.5 X 10(-5), which is more typical of antigen-specific than alloreactive T cells. By adding limiting numbers of allogeneic T cells to antibody-forming cultures stimulated simultaneously with two non-cross-reacting antigens (influenza A and B strain viruses A/X31 and B/HK), it was possible to demonstrate suppression of the response to one antigen, but not the other, in the same culture well. Moreover, the frequency of wells in which the response to both antigens was suppressed was not significantly different from that predicted from the calculated frequency of specific allogeneic Ts. These results show that allogeneic suppression was antigen specific, and was not due to non-specific allogeneic effects. By separating T cell preparations into Leu-3a+ (helper) and Leu-2a+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) T cell subsets, suppression was shown to be mediated by a radiosensitive Leu-2a+ T cell. The removal of Leu-2a+ cells from T cell preparations abrogated the suppressor effect and permitted T cell collaboration with B cells, across an HLA-A, -B, and -DR barrier. This result shows that in at least some combinations, suppression rather than major histocompatibility complex restriction is the reason for the failure of allogeneic T and B cells to collaborate in T cell-dependent antibody responses.
Deficiency of Innate and Acquired Immunity Caused by an <i>IKBKB</i> Mutation
Authors: Ulrich Pannicke, Bernd Baumann, Sebastian Fuchs, Philipp Henneke, Anne Rensing-Ehl, Marta Rizzi, Ales Janda, Katrin Hese, Michael Schlesier, Karlheinz Holzmann, Stephan Borte, Constanze Laux, Eva-Maria Rump, Alan Rosenberg, Teresa Zelinski, Hubert Schrezenmeier, Thomas Wirth, Stephan Ehl, Marlis L. Schroeder, Klaus Schwarz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) comprises a heterogeneous group of heritable deficiencies of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Many patients with SCID have lymphocyte-activation defects that remain uncharacterized.We performed genetic studies in four patients, from four families of Northern Cree ancestry, who had clinical characteristics of SCID, including early onset of severe viral, bacterial, and fungal infections despite normal B-cell and T-cell counts. Genomewide homozygosity mapping was used to identify a candidate region, which was found on chromosome 8; all genes within this interval were sequenced. Immune-cell populations, signal transduction on activation, and effector functions were studied.The patients had hypogammaglobulinemia or agammaglobulinemia, and their peripheral-blood B cells and T cells were almost exclusively of naive phenotype. Regulatory T cells and γδ T cells were absent. All patients carried a homozygous duplication--c.1292dupG in exon 13 of IKBKB, which encodes IκB kinase 2 (IKK2, also known as IKKβ)--leading to loss of expression of IKK2, a component of the IKK-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. Immune cells from the patients had impaired responses to stimulation through T-cell receptors, B-cell receptors, toll-like receptors, inflammatory cytokine receptors, and mitogens.A form of human SCID is characterized by normal lymphocyte development despite a loss of IKK2 function. IKK2 deficiency results in an impaired response to activation stimuli in a variety of immune cells, leading to clinically relevant impairment of adaptive and innate immunity. Although Ikk2 deficiency is lethal in mouse embryos, our observations suggest a more restricted, unique role of IKK2-NF-κB signaling in humans. (Funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and others.).
Are oral appliances a substitute for nasal positive airway pressure?
Authors: R P Millman
Journal: Thorax (2002)

A simple non-adjustable oral appliance is no substitute for nasal positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.

Although positive airway pressure (PAP) devices have become the mainstay of treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea, not all patients can or will use PAP on a nightly basis. Many patients find taking a bulky PAP unit on business or vacation trips a burden. In this issue of Thorax Smith and Stradling attempt to show that a simple non-adjustable oral appliance may be used in place of PAP on a short term basis.1 Unfortunately, in only nine of the 50 patients entered into the study was their sleep apnoea controlled with the appliance.

This low success rate of 18% does not concur with the published literature which has reported a success rate of 81% in patients with mild and 60% in patients with moderate sleep apnoea.2 Part of the difference between this study and the previous literature may be related to the type of device used and side effects from the device. Smith and Stradling employed a device that had previously been shown to be effective in controlling snoring.3 It consists of two customised sports-type mouth guards fused together to place the mandible in a forward position set at approximately …
The appearance of kissing contusion in the acutely injured knee in the athletes
Authors: I P Terzidis, A G Christodoulou, A L Ploumis, S R Metsovitis, M Koimtzis, P Givissis
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Bone contusions are often identified at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the acutely injured knee. Contusions of both surfaces of the joint are known as kissing contusions.To determine the frequency, type, and distribution of kissing contusions occurring in association with injuries of the knee joint.255 MRI examinations in athletes with acutely injured knees (197 men; 58 women; mean age 24.2 years) were reviewed by two independent examiners; 219 MRIs were done within the first month after the injury and 36 within two to four months. None of the knees had been injured before. No fractures were present on x ray.Bone contusions were diagnosed in 71 cases (27.8%); 55 (22.5%) were identified as single contusions and 16 (6.3%) as kissing contusions. Eight of the kissing contusions were associated with anterior cruciate ligament tears, three with menisceal tears, four were isolated lesions, and one was delayed, following a menisceal tear. The 32 bone contusions (16 kissing contusions) were located as follows: lateral femoral condyle (n = 14; 8 type I, 6 type II); lateral tibial condyle (n = 9; 3 type I, 1 type II, 5 type III); medial tibial condyle (n = 7; 2 type I, 5 type III); medial femoral condyle (n = 2; both type I). The associated injuries were confirmed by arthroscopy in 12/16 patients.Kissing contusion is a significant injury often associated with ligamentous or menisceal injuries. Type I lesions are most common on the lateral femoral condyle and type III on the lateral tibial condyle.
TCT-250 Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Pressure Predicts Early Myocardial Recovery in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Sheena Prakash, Puja B. Parikh, Usman Tahir, Luis Gruberg, Smadar Kort, Allen Jeremias
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Urine Metabolite Analysis Offers Potential Early Diagnosis of Ovarian and Breast Cancers
Authors: Carolyn M. Slupsky, Helen Steed, Tiffany H. Wells, Kelly Dabbs, Alexandra Schepansky, Valerie Capstick, Wylam Faught, Michael B. Sawyer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Metabolomics is a new, rapidly expanding field dedicated to the global study of metabolites in biological systems. In this article metabolomics is applied to find urinary biomarkers for breast and ovarian cancer.Urine samples were collected from early- and late-stage breast and ovarian cancer patients during presurgical examinations and randomly from females with no known cancer. After quantitatively measuring a set of metabolites using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to determine significant differences.Metabolic phenotypes of breast and ovarian cancers in comparison with normal urine and with each other revealed significance at Bonferroni-corrected significance levels resulting in unique metabolite patterns for breast and ovarian cancer. Intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and metabolites relating to energy metabolism, amino acids, and gut microbial metabolism were perturbed.The results presented here illustrate that urinary metabolomics may be useful for detecting early-stage breast and ovarian cancer.
Presentation of a major histocompatibility complex class 1–binding peptide by monocyte-derived dendritic cells incorporating hydrophobized polysaccharide–truncated HER2 protein complex: implications for a polyvalent immuno-cell therapy
Authors: Yasushi Ikuta, Naoyuki Katayama, Lijie Wang, Toshiharu Okugawa, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Michael Schmitt, Xiaogang Gu, Masato Watanabe, Kazunari Akiyoshi, Hideo Nakamura, Kagemasa Kuribayashi, Junzo Sunamoto, Hiroshi Shiku
Journal: Blood (2002)