tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Personal exposure to JP-8 jet fuel vapors and exhaust at air force bases.
Authors: J D Pleil, L B Smith, S D Zelnick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

JP-8 jet fuel (similar to commercial/international jet A-1 fuel) is the standard military fuel for all types of vehicles, including the U.S. Air Force aircraft inventory. As such, JP-8 presents the most common chemical exposure in the Air Force, particularly for flight and ground crew personnel during preflight operations and for maintenance personnel performing routine tasks. Personal exposure at an Air Force base occurs through occupational exposure for personnel involved with fuel and aircraft handling and/or through incidental exposure, primarily through inhalation of ambient fuel vapors. Because JP-8 is less volatile than its predecessor fuel (JP-4), contact with liquid fuel on skin and clothing may result in prolonged exposure. The slowly evaporating JP-8 fuel tends to linger on exposed personnel during their interaction with their previously unexposed colleagues. To begin to assess the relative exposures, we made ambient air measurements and used recently developed methods for collecting exhaled breath in special containers. We then analyzed for certain volatile marker compounds for JP-8, as well as for some aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzene) that are related to long-term health risks. Ambient samples were collected by using compact, battery-operated, personal whole-air samplers that have recently been developed as commercial products; breath samples were collected using our single-breath canister method that uses 1-L canisters fitted with valves and small disposable breathing tubes. We collected breath samples from various groups of Air Force personnel and found a demonstrable JP-8 exposure for all subjects, ranging from slight elevations as compared to a control cohort to > 100 [mutilpe] the control values. This work suggests that further studies should be performed on specific issues to obtain pertinent exposure data. The data can be applied to assessments of health outcomes and to recommendations for changes in the use of personal protective equipment that optimize risk reduction without undue impact on a mission.
THE COST OF OBSTETRIC SERVICE TO BERKELEY MOTHERS
Authors: RICHARD ARTHUR BOLT
Journal: JAMA (1930)

This report is the first of a series dealing with an investigation of the physical conditions surrounding maternity and infancy in the city of Berkeley, Calif. The study was started in October, 1927, at which time I was assistant professor of child hygiene in the University of California, and is still being carried on in cooperation with the Institute of Child Welfare at the University of California.  The relatively low maternal and infant mortality prevailing in Berkeley suggested at the outset the desirability of attempting to evaluate the complex social, economic and public health factors contributing to this favorable situation. The intimate problems involved have therefore been approached from the standpoint of why so many mothers and babies live and thrive in Berkeley rather than from that of maternal and infant mortality rates. So few mothers and babies die each year as to impair the reliability of any exact statistical
Scintigraphy of Bile Leakage Following Cholecystectomy
Authors: MOHAN MAKHIJA, SIDNEY SCHULTZ, KEVIN T. McMANUS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Biloma resulting as a complication of cholcecystectomy is rarely reported. Infection and rupture of biloma into the peritoneal cavity is a reported complication that may need aggressive surgical management. A case of infected biloma is presented in which an active biliary leak was demonstrated on a hepatobiliary scan with Tc-99m DISIDA.
Increased expression of TGF-β1 but not of its receptors contributes to human obstructive nephropathy
Authors: Hiroyuki Kaneto, Haruo Ohtani, Atsushi Fukuzaki, Shigeto Ishidoya, Atsushi Takeda, Yukihiko Ogata, Hiroshi Nagura, Seiichi Orikasa
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
A human single-chain Fv intrabody blocks aberrant cellular effects of overexpressed α-synuclein
Authors: Chun Zhou, Sharareh Emadi, Michael R. Sierks, Anne Messer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

alpha-Synuclein (alpha-syn) has been identified as the major component of Lewy bodies that characterize neurodegenerative synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease. Overexpression of alpha-syn, and prefibrillar alpha-syn oligomers, has been implicated in these pathologies; therefore, prevention of prefibril accumulation, and inhibition of other aberrant effects of overexpressed alpha-syn, could provide novel treatments. Here, we have selected a human single-chan Fv (scFv) antibody, D10, that binds human monomeric wild-type alpha-syn. We demonstrate, by retargeting assays and coimmunoprecipitation, that the D10 scFv is a specific and efficient intracellular antibody (intrabody). By transfecting the D10 scFv gene into an HEK 293 cell line that overexpresses wild-type alpha-syn, we show that the D10 intrabody stabilizes detergent-soluble monomeric alpha-syn and inhibits the formation of detergent-insoluble high-molecular-weight alpha-syn species. In addition, the D10 intrabody ameliorates the decreased cell adhesion that characterizes the alpha-syn-overexpressing cells. Given the important role of alpha-syn pathology, and the facility with which intrabodies can be further engineered in vitro, anti-alpha-syn intrabodies may represent novel molecular therapeutics for synucleinopathies, with implications for other neurodegenerative disorders caused by misfolded accumulated proteins.
Prospective Study of Perinatal Transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Julius Schachter
Journal: JAMA (1986)

During a five-year period, 262 (4.7%) of 5,531 pregnant women had positive cervical cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis, and 131 of their infants were followed up prospectively to ascertain the outcome of chlamydial exposure during the birth process. Culture-confirmed inclusion conjunctivitis of the newborn was seen in 23 (18%) of the infants. Chlamydial pneumonia was diagnosed in 21 (16%) of the infants at risk. Chlamydia trachomatis was recovered from 47 of the infants (36%), while 79 (60%) showed serologic evidence of infection. Subclinical rectal and vaginal infections were detected in 14% of infants at risk. In our population, 2.8% of newborn infants show serologic evidence of perinatal chlamydial infection and 1.4% develop either chlamydial pneumonia or conjunctivitis. Incidence rates of this magnitude indicate the need for programs aimed at preventing perinatal transmission of C trachomatis.
P2-13-03: Comparative Assessment of 636 Women at Risk for Hereditary Breast Cancer within 3 Public Hospitals: The Consortium of Underserved BRCA Testers.
Authors: MS Beattie, P Ganschow, S Gabram-Mendola, A Wilson, G Joseph, R Lee, K Loranger, C Stanislaw, C Seelaus, R Farrell, L Trim, S DelPozo, J Luce
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Underserved women at risk for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) are confronted with many unique challenges, such as barriers to accessing appropriate genetic testing and counseling services and decreased resources, that place them at increased cancer risk. It is unclear whether these high-risk women are appropriately referred for genetic counseling and what their genetic test results demonstrate due to minimal practice-based evidence. To study this population, and to establish an infrastructure to further explore long-term outcomes, we formed the Consortium of Underserved BRCA testers in October 2010 from: San Francisco General Hospital (SF), Stroger Hospital of Cook County (Chicago), and Grady Memorial Hospital (Atlanta). Methods: Using common clinical and research protocols and mixed methods analysis, we examined and compared referral patterns, demographics, and BRCA test results between sites. We used chart reviews and common data collection instruments to gather and pool data. Using descriptive and comparative statistics, we examined similarities and differences between Consortium sites. Results: SF's program began 9 years ago, Chicago's began 6 years ago, and Atlanta's began 3 years ago. Medicaid funding for BRCA testing has been available in SF since 2011, in Chicago since 2009, and is not yet available in Atlanta. P values were all &amp;lt;0.05 for comparing referral sources between sites. Each site uses unique referral tools and systems. For example, in SF, a family history screening questionnaire is administered during mammography; in Chicago, an extensive primary care network has been educated to provide appropriate referrals; in Atlanta, a pedigree assessment tool is employed by referring clinics. Conclusions: Despite differences in referral patterns and Medicaid funding, underserved women at all 3 public hospital sites had similar BRCA positive rates, which are in line with positive rates from University Cancer Centers. We believe this relates to the availability of genetic counseling services and a similar testing threshold at each site. The large and ethnically diverse population of this Consortium can serve as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians. We plan to follow this cohort prospectively to study clinical outcomes and medical decisions after BRCA testing in underserved families at risk of HBOC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-03.
Incremental Value of Copeptin for Rapid Rule Out of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tobias Reichlin, Willibald Hochholzer, Claudia Stelzig, Kirsten Laule, Heike Freidank, Nils G. Morgenthaler, Andreas Bergmann, Mihael Potocki, Markus Noveanu, Tobias Breidthardt, Andreas Christ, Tujana Boldanova, Ramona Merki, Nora Schaub, Roland Bingisser, Michael Christ, Christian Mueller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)

The purpose of this study was to examine the incremental value of copeptin for rapid rule out of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The rapid and reliable exclusion of AMI is a major unmet clinical need. Copeptin, the C-terminal part of the vasopressin prohormone, as a marker of acute endogenous stress may be useful in this setting. In 487 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of AMI, we measured levels of copeptin at presentation, using a novel sandwich immunoluminometric assay in a blinded fashion. The final diagnosis was adjudicated by 2 independent cardiologists using all available data. The adjudicated final diagnosis was AMI in 81 patients (17%). Copeptin levels were significantly higher in AMI patients compared with those in patients having other diagnoses (median 20.8 pmol/l vs. 6.0 pmol/l, p < 0.001). The combination of troponin T and copeptin at initial presentation resulted in an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.95 to 0.98), which was significantly higher than the 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.80 to 0.92) for troponin T alone (p < 0.001). A copeptin level <14 pmol/l in combination with a troponin T ≤0.01 μg/l correctly ruled out AMI with a sensitivity of 98.8% and a negative predictive value of 99.7%. The additional use of copeptin seems to allow a rapid and reliable rule out of AMI already at presentation and may thereby obviate the need for prolonged monitoring and serial blood sampling in the majority of patients. (Advantageous Predictors of Acute Coronary Syndromes Evaluation [APACE]; NCT00470587)
Deletion pattern of the steroid sulphatase gene in Japanese patients with X-linked ichthyosis
Authors: None Saeki, None Kuwata, None Nakagawa, None Shimada, None Tamaki, None Ishibashi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Most caucasian patients with X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) reportedly display large genomic deletions involving the entire steroid sulphatase (STS) gene and flanking regions. In this study, we investigated the deletion patterns of the STS gene and flanking regions in 12 unrelated Japanese patients with XLI using the polymerase chain reaction method with 10 markers, including the 5′ and 3′ ends of the STS gene. Eleven of the 12 patients exhibited deletion of this entire gene, whereas the twelfth patient showed no evidence of deletion. In 10 of the 12 patients, the entire region from DXS1139 to DXF22S1 was deleted, the most common deletion pattern observed in caucasian patients, indicating that there are no racial or ethnic differences.
Antivaccination Agitation in Pennsylvania.
Authors: J. Madison Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Philadelphia, March 21, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The organized effort of the antivaccination people culminated recently in the introduction of a bill by the Hon. J. A. Allen, to the Legislature of Pennsylvania (videJournal, March 25, p. 681) to abolish the compulsory vaccination of children entering the public schools. The measure was hurried through as fast as possible, but by strenuous efforts a final hearing was postponed until March 14, at which time these committees were appointed, and every member of each of these committees promptly appeared and met the opposition on the floor of the House. The advocates of the bill were represented by counsel, a certain O. Beasley of Philadelphia, a layman, N. R. Taylor, and two physicians, one a graduate of the defunct eclectic medical college of Philadelphia, known as Buchanan's College, and one a graduate of the Homeopathic College of Baltimore, both Englishmen, not especially
Cigarette Smoke Silences Innate Lymphoid Cell Function and Facilitates an Exacerbated Type I Interleukin-33-Dependent Response to Infection
Authors: Jennifer Kearley, Jonathan S. Silver, Caroline Sanden, Zheng Liu, Aaron A. Berlin, Natalie White, Michiko Mori, Tuyet-Hang Pham, Christine K. Ward, Gerard J. Criner, Nathaniel Marchetti, Tomas Mustelin, Jonas S. Erjefalt, Roland Kolbeck, Alison A. Humbles
Journal: Immunity (2015)
Recommendations on The Diagnosis of Gonorrhea
Authors: Andrew H. Rudolph
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Recently Cooke et al (217:204-205, 1971) reported on 54 cases of gonococcal arthritis. We would like to comment on their findings that a gram-stained smear of urethral or cervical discharge was the single procedure which most often led to a positive diagnosis. Certainly, in the symptomatic male, the presence of gram-negative intracellular diplococci in a smear of urethral exudateis presumptive evidence of gonococcal urethritis. However, if the smear is negative or if an adequate specimen cannot be obtained, cultural methods must be used to confirm or deny the presence of gonococcal infection. Similarly, reliance on cultural methods is necessary in the small but significant proportion of males with asymptomatic gonococcal urethritis.1  In the female, we believe the value of the gram-stained smear is severely limited. Studies comparing the use of Thayer-Martin selective antibiotic medium with the gram-stained smear have consistently shown the cultural method to
Dyspepsia in general practice.
Authors: C Brown, W D Rees
Journal: BMJ (1990)

of information is made available from the various agencies and other experts to fuel public debate."I Yet in both the United States and Britain, though the incidence of death and ill health from low level radioactive waste seems very small, "for the public, perceptions frequently have greater reality than the epidemiologists' risk assessments and statistical models.""The National Radiological Protec- tion Board is on record as saying, "we have to reconcile two objectives, one of protecting against radiation and the other of protecting against fear" and "The crisis is not one of health but of social and political confidence" (National Radiological Protection Board, corporate plan 1989/90 to 1993/94, 1989).The agencies continue to hope that their presentation of factual information will remove some of the novelty from radiation and so alter false perceptions.The most contentious issue, however, is the possible hazard from human factors, which in the past have led to the failure of technical systems thought to be safe.Any continuing public debate must include the place ofhuman error and interference, including industrial development of other actions.This may be the most difficult and painful issue in the making of a policy.
Delayed resolution of pulmonary oedema after cocaine/heroin abuse.
Authors: P G Raijmakers, A B Groeneveld, M C de Groot, G J Teule, L G Thijs
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Pulmonary oedema lasting six days occurred in a 68 year old man after sniffing cocaine. He also had evidence of parenteral self-administration of heroin. Pulmonary microvascular filtration pressure and permeability were normal. Delayed resolution of the pulmonary oedema may have been caused by a cocaine-induced impairment of sodium and thus fluid transport across alveolar epithelium. Recognition may be important, since lowering filtration pressure with diuretics may not hasten resolution of oedema.
Bilateral vulvar basal cell carcinomata
Authors: Matthew Stiller, William Klein, Robert Dorman, Michael Albom
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1993)

Vulvar basal cell carcinoma is rare, accounting for less than 5% of vulvar neoplasms.There is great variation in the clinical appearance of this neoplasm, which occurs most commonly in older women.Metastasis seldom occurs, but the tumor may extend deeply into local tissues.We report the first case ofbilateral vulvar basal cell carcinomata in a 66-year-old woman who had received radiotherapy for urethral carcinoma 35 years earlier.Both tumors were treated with Mohs micrographic surgery and have not recurred after 13 years.(
Randomised trial of analgesic effects of sucrose, glucose, and pacifiers in term neonates
Authors: R Carbajal, X Chauvet, S Couderc, M Olivier-Martin
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To assess and compare the analgesic effects of orally administered glucose and sucrose and pacifiers. To determine the synergistic analgesic effect of sucrose and pacifiers. <b>Design:</b> Randomised prospective study with validated behavioural acute pain rating scale. <b>Setting:</b> Maternity ward. <b>Participants:</b> 150 term newborns undergoing venepuncture randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups: no treatment; placebo (2 ml sterile water); 2 ml 30% glucose; 2 ml 30% sucrose; a pacifier; and 2 ml 30% sucrose followed by a pacifier. <b>Results:</b> Median (interquartile) pain scores during venepuncture were 7 (5-10) for no treatment; 7 (6-10) for placebo (sterile water); 5 (3-7) for 30% glucose; 5 (2-8) for 30% sucrose; 2 (1-4) for pacifier; and 1 (1-2) for 30% sucrose plus pacifier. Mann-Whitney U test P values for comparisons of 30% glucose, 30% sucrose, pacifier, and 30% sucrose plus pacifier versus placebo (sterile water) were 0.005, 0.01, &lt;0.0001, and &lt;0.0001, respectively. Differences between group median pain scores for these comparisons were 2 (95% confidence interval 1 to 4), 2 (0 to 4), 5 (4 to 7), and 6 (5 to 8), respectively. P values for comparisons of 30% glucose, 30% sucrose, and 30% sucrose plus pacifier versus pacifier were 0.0001, 0.001, and 0.06, respectively. Differences between group medians for these comparisons were 3 (2 to 5), 3 (1 to 5), and 1 (0 to 2), respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> The analgesic effects of concentrated sucrose and glucose and pacifiers are clinically apparent in newborns, pacifiers being more effective than sweet solutions. The association of sucrose and pacifier showed a trend towards lower scores compared with pacifiers alone. These simple and safe interventions should be widely used for minor procedures in neonates. <h3>Key messages</h3> The analgesic effects on newborn infants of sucrose, glucose, and pacifiers can be clearly detected by a behavioural pain rating scale Pacifiers had a better analgesic effect than sweet solutions A synergistic effect was found with a combination of sucrose and pacifiers Sweet solutions and pacifiers constitute simple and safe interventions that can be used to provide analgesia in newborns during minor procedures
Atypical Brown Fat Distribution in Young Males Demonstrated on PET/CT
Authors: James R. Clarke, Silvana Brglevska, Eddie W. F. Lau, Shakher Ramdave, Rodney J. Hicks
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

The development of PET/CT has led to the recognition that metabolically active fat, referred to as "brown fat," can accumulate FDG and represents a possible source of false-positive scans in oncology patients. Numerous reports have described the typical appearance of brown fat, which most commonly presents as neck and paravertebral uptake in young female patients. Other described sites of uptake include the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. We present examples of 2 cases of atypical diffuse brown fat uptake seen in the subcutaneous fat of the thighs, abdomen, and pelvis. Both of these patients were young men and did not show uptake in the typical supraclavicular and neck fat. Although rare in our experience, knowledge of this condition may prevent misinterpretation of this finding as an infiltrative condition of the skin, such as lymphoma.
DNA image cytometric analysis of macroregenerative nodules (adenomatous hyperplasia) of the liver: Evidence in support of their preneoplastic nature
Authors: Giulia Orsatti, Neil D. Theise, Swan N. Thung, Fiorenzo Paronetto
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Twenty-eight macroregenerative nodules from 14 cirrhotic patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation were evaluated for DNA ploidy by means of image analysis of Feulgen-stained tissue sections. The lesions were classified as type 1 (16 cases) or type 2 (12 cases) on the basis of the absence or presence of cellular or architectural atypia in the nodules. The surrounding cirrhotic nodules were evaluated for liver cell dysplasia. Aneuploid peaks were significantly more frequent in type 2 macroregenerative nodules (58.3%) than in the cirrhotic regenerative nodules (7.1%) (p &lt; 0.007). In addition, aneuploid peaks occurred with increased frequency in type 2 nodules (58.3%) than in type 1 macroregenerative nodules (6.2%) (p &lt; 0.02). Only two aneuploid peaks (14.2%) were found in dysplastic cirrhotic livers. The nuclear area of aneuploid hepatocytes (71.6 μm ± 10.1%, mean ± S.D.) differed significantly from that of diploid liver cells (45.4 μm ± 6.5%) (p &lt; 0.0001). Tetraploid peaks occurred in three type 2 lesions (25%); they were also found in one type 1 macroregenerative nodule (6.2%), one cirrhotic liver without dysplasia (7.1%) and three cirrhotic livers with dysplasia (21.4%). These findings support the notion that macroregenerative type 2 nodules are directly implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis and that their presence should be sought as an indicator of malignant potential in cirrhotic livers. (Hepatology 1993;17:621-627.)
My Father's Hands
Authors: Anne Broccolo
Journal: JAMA (1997)

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