tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From kitchen to gut: curcumin in cholestasis
Authors: R. Safadi
Journal: Gut (2010)

Complementary and herbal agents such as curcumin are returning from the past to enter the future of medicine. Curcumin is a compound extracted from the dietary spice turmeric, part of the medicinal plant known as turmeric yellow derived from the stem (rhizome) of Curcuma longa .1 New biological activities and medicinal properties for curcumin have been described recently, including salutary effects in liver injury and fibrosis models.2 The plant has been used as a remedy for poisoning and snake bites, to prevent and cure skin lesions, ulcers and digestive disorders, clear intestinal parasites and to treat a range of complaints.3 In the April issue of Gut , Baghdasaryan et al evaluated the effect of curcumin in an animal model of sclerosing cholangitis, the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mdr2) knockout (−/−) mouse.4 The manuscript immediately raises intriguing questions. Does the MDR2−/− mice model reflect human primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)? How does the administration of the yellow spice from the kitchen alleviate jaundice? Is curcumin really a practical answer to improving liver injury? Does curcumin provide a tool to better understand the pathophysiology of cholestasis and offer therapeutic targeting? Although Baghdasaryan et al answer many of these questions; are there other interpretations of their data?

Mdr2−/− mice lacking biliary phospholipid excretion …
Variation in local policies and guidelines for cholesterol management: national survey
Authors: R. Raine, A. Streetly, A. M. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1996)

exception of those applications which could transmit disease to others.Individual consent for specific uses would seem unnecessary and impracticable, particularly in relation to material stored anonymously in pathological archives and increasingly in residual tissue banks.The specifics of future research applications are not known at the time of storage and therefore the use of such material cannot sensibly be subject to specific informed consent.Although 90% of the respondents in this study believed that removed tissue belonged to others or to no one, a considerable minority believed that they retained ownership of removed tissue.To clarify the situation for all patients we would support the recommendation that consent forms and explanatory material for patients should be modified so that hospitals inform patients that consent for investigation or treatment also covers any acceptable further uses of tissue.Many consent forms, including our own, do not contain any reference to the subsequent use of removed tissue except for the description of the operation, investigation, or treatment which is completed by the attending clinician.3Many factors may have combined to produce the high response rate in this study; including genuine patient interest in the subject, the simple design of the questionnaire, and the personal delivery and collection of the questionnaires.Another factor may have been that participation provided patients an opportunity to demonstrate gratitude towards those concerned in the therapeutic process.In this respect postoperative patients may represent a biased group of subjects, and the study is weakened by the absence of appropriate controls.Further studies may be necessary to confirm these findings in other groups.We would also emphasise that our observations and conclusions, like those of the Key messages * A working party of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics proposed that tissues removed from patients in the course of treatment should be considered abandoned and that consent for their use in research should be obtained in standard consent procedures * Most surgical inpatients seem to concur with the conclusions and recommendations of the working party regarding the uses of such human tissue * Alterations to patient consent forms and additional patient education represent reasonable requirements for continued and appropriately regulated access to human tissue for the purposes of medical education, research, and audit Nuffield working group, may not represent those of societies outside of the United Kingdom.Cultural and religious influences may severely restrict the use of human tissue in some countries.We thank Dr TJ Stephenson for advice and all of the patients who kindly participated in the study.
Efficiency of Screening Tests for Glaucoma
Authors: Henry Packer
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Programs for the early detection of glaucoma are becoming widely practiced in an effort to reduce the heavy toll of blindness from this cause. Information relating to the efficiency of various screening levels of intraocular pressure is important to such programs. Such information was obtained by giving complete ophthalmologic examinations to 1,062 persons randomly selected from 9,461 persons who had been screened for glaucoma in the City of Memphis Hospitals. Sensitivity and specificity percentages for various levels of intraocular pressure were calculated for the group as a whole and also for component groups below and above 55 years of age. Differences of practical importance were observed between the latter groups.
Typhlitis and HIV
Authors: Connie Jumper, J. John Weems, Ludwig A. Lettau
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 October 1992Typhlitis and HIVConnie Jumper, MD, J. John Weems Jr., MD, Ludwig A. Lettau, MD, MPHConnie Jumper, MDSearch for more papers by this author, J. John Weems Jr., MDSearch for more papers by this author, Ludwig A. Lettau, MD, MPHSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-8-698_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The recent paper by Till and colleagues describes six patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection who had clinical and radiographic findings consistent with typhlitis (1). However, in none of these cases, nor in two previously reported cases (2), was cecal inflammation confirmed at surgery or at autopsy.We recently treated an HIV-1-infected patient with typhlitis confirmed at laparotomy, associated with Clostridium septicum infection.A 34-year-old woman with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed acute vomiting, diarrhea, and periumbilical pain which subsequently localized to the right lower quadrant. Her past history was significant for multiple...References1. TillLeeSoperMurphy MNWR. Typhlitis in patients with HIV-1 infection. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:998-1000. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CutronaBlinkhornCrassSpagnuolo ARJP. Probable neutropenic enterocolitis in patients with AIDS. Rev Infect Dis. 1991;13:828-31. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Clostridium septicum and neutropenic enterocolitis [Editorial]. Lancet. 1987;2:608. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Greenville Hospital System Greenville, SC 29605 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTyphlitis: A Real Pain in the Gut!Typhlitis as a complication of influenza in a patient with advanced HIV infectionNeutropenic enterocolitisDiagnosis and Treatment of Colonic Disease in AIDSTHE APPROACH TO COMMON ABDOMINAL DIAGNOSES IN INFANTS AND CHILDRENAcute Right Lower Quadrant Pain in a Patient With Leukemia 15 October 1992Volume 117, Issue 8Page: 698-698KeywordsAIDSAutopsyClostridiumClostridium infectionsDiarrheaHIV-1InflammationLaparotomySurgeryVomiting Issue Published: 15 October 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
BMPR2 mutations in pulmonary arterial hypertension with congenital heart disease
Authors: K.E. Roberts, J.J. McElroy, W.P.K. Wong, E. Yen, A. Widlitz, R.J. Barst, J.A. Knowles, J.H. Morse
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

The aim of the present study was to determine if patients with both pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), due to pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, and congenital heart defects (CHD), have mutations in the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR)-2. The BMPR2 gene was screened in two cohorts: 40 adults and 66 children with PAH/CHD. CHDs were patent ductus arteriosus, atrial and ventricular septal defects, partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, transposition of the great arteries, atrioventicular canal, and rare lesions with systemic-to-pulmonary shunts. Six novel missense BMPR2 mutations were found in three out of four adults with complete type C atrioventricular canals and in three children. One child had an atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus; one had an atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return; and one had an aortopulmonary window and a ventricular septal defect. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 mutations were found in 6% of a mixed cohort of adults and children with pulmonary arterial hypertension/congenital heart defects. The current findings compliment recent reports in mouse models implicating members of the bone morphogenetic protein/transforming growth factor-beta pathway inducing cardiac anomalies analogous to human atrioventricular canals, septal defects and conotruncal congenital heart defects. The small number of patients studied and the ascertainment bias inherent in selecting for pulmonary arterial hypertension require further investigation.
THE ETIOLOGY AND PROPHYLAXIS OF DRACONTIASIS
Authors: R. T. Leiper
Journal: BMJ (1907)

LDRACONTIAJOURNALI29ought or ought not to be removed.The microsicopethere and then showed that only the large glands upon the cap- sule of the tumour contained.growth, and that those nearer the crural arch contained none, so that it was deemed unnecessary to open the abdomen.Mr. Shaw will now demonstrate how quickly sections of ,growth can be cut with a freezing.microtome, and how clear and good the sections are.In my opinion the apparatus he is using is an essential part of the equipment of an operating theatre.
IgG1 and IVIg induce inhibitory ITAM signaling through FcγRIII controlling inflammatory responses
Authors: Meryem Aloulou, Sanae Ben Mkaddem, Martine Biarnes-Pelicot, Tarek Boussetta, Hervé Souchet, Elisabetta Rossato, Marc Benhamou, Bruno Crestani, Zhou Zhu, Ulrich Blank, Pierre Launay, Renato C. Monteiro
Journal: Blood (2012)
Adenoviral Vectors Stimulate Murine Natural Killer Cell Responses and Demonstrate Antitumor Activities in the Absence of Transgene Expression
Authors: Melanie C Ruzek, Brian F Kavanagh, Abraham Scaria, Susan M Richards, Richard D Garman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Adenoviral vector-mediated gene delivery is currently the focus of many efforts to administer therapeutic gene products for the treatment of cancer. Although these vectors are replication deficient, they can induce specific immune responses against both vector- and transgene-encoded proteins. We have extended these findings to determine the level of innate natural killer (NK) cell responses to adenoviral vector administration in vivo. Similar to many replicating viruses, the vectors induce prominent NK cell activation in mouse spleens within 2 days of injection. We also observed these NK cell responses regardless of the route of administration. Furthermore, stimulation of NK cells by adenoviral vectors is independent of viral gene transcription, as UV inactivation of the vectors does not reduce the NK cell response. In contrast, heat treatment of the vectors destroys their ability to activate NK cells, demonstrating the necessity for intact vector particles. In addition, we found that administration of "empty" (no transgene) adenoviral vectors delays tumor growth in mice bearing B16 melanomas, and this effect is abrogated by depletion of NK cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate in a murine system that the adenoviral vector gene delivery system itself stimulates NK cells, and this in turn can nonspecifically enhance antitumor immunity.
The Agricultural Health Study.
Authors: M C Alavanja, D P Sandler, S B McMaster, S H Zahm, C J McDonnell, C F Lynch, M Pennybacker, N Rothman, M Dosemeci, A E Bond, A Blair
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The Agricultural Health Study, a large prospective cohort study has been initiated in North Carolina and Iowa. The objectives of this study are to: 1) identify and quantify cancer risks among men, women, whites, and minorities associated with direct exposure to pesticides and other agricultural agents; 2) evaluate noncancer health risks including neurotoxicity reproductive effects, immunologic effects, nonmalignant respiratory disease, kidney disease, and growth and development among children; 3) evaluate disease risks among spouses and children of farmers that may arise from direct contact with pesticides and agricultural chemicals used in the home lawns and gardens, and from indirect contact, such as spray drift, laundering work clothes, or contaminated food or water; 4) assess current and past occupational and nonoccupational agricultural exposures using periodic interviews and environmental and biologic monitoring; 5) study the relationship between agricultural exposures, biomarkers of exposure, biologic effect, and genetic susceptibility factors relevant to carcinogenesis; and 6) identify and quantify cancer and other disease risks associated with lifestyle factors such as diet, cooking practices, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption, and hair dye use. In the first year of a 3-year enrollment period, 26,235 people have been enrolled in the study, including 19,776 registered pesticide applicators and 6,459 spouses of registered farmer applicators. It is estimated that when the total cohort is assembled in 1997 it will include approximately 75,000 adult study subjects. Farmers, the largest group of registered pesticide applicators comprise 77% of the target population enrolled in the study. This experience compares favorably with enrollment rates of previous prospective studies.
S32 Cyclical mechanical stretch enhances the pro-fibrotic responses of primary embryonic foetal fibroblasts, but not ADAM33 expression
Authors: A. Noto, W. Manuyakorn, H. M. Haitchi, F. Bucchieri, D. Davies
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Rationale</h3> <i>A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM)33</i> is a susceptibility gene associated with asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and reduced lung function in young children. It is selectively expressed in mesenchymal cells, including bronchial smooth muscle and fibroblasts. We have previously shown that <i>ADAM33</i> expression increases during lung development when spontaneous peristaltic contractions of the airways commence. Therefore we hypothesised that mechanical strain induces <i>ADAM33</i> expression and affects smooth muscle/myofibroblast differentiation. <h3>Methods</h3> Primary human embryonic fibroblasts from the pseudoglandular stage of lung development were cultured on flexible collagen-coated membranes and exposed to cyclical mechanical stretch (30% amplitude, 12 cycles per minute) for 48, 96 and 168 h. Control cells were cultured on the same membranes without mechanical stretch. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed for <i>ADAM33</i> and a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), a marker of smooth muscle and myofibroblast differentiation. We also measured collagen III and IL-8 mRNA. Soluble collagen protein levels in culture supernatants were measured using soluble collagen assay. <h3>Results</h3> <i>ADAM33</i> and a-SMA mRNA expression were not significantly affected by mechanical strain. In contrast, collagen III mRNA expression was increased fourfold by cyclical mechanical strain and there was a threefold increase in soluble collagen proteins in culture supernatants of stretched cells. Unexpectedly, IL-8 expression was also increased by cyclical mechanical strain. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Mechanical strain did not appear to influence markers of smooth muscle differentiation. However, the increase in ECM production may indicate a requirement for stiffening of the airways as the tubular structures develop. We postulate that IL-8 is not proinflammatory in the context of airway development, and may be a paracrine growth factor for developing epithelial cells.
Isolated Liver Metastases From Follicular Thyroid Cancer
Authors: MARK W. GRAVES, BRUCE ZUKERBERG, KATHLEEN WALACE, DAVID DUNCAN, ALICE SCHEFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Diffuse liver uptake of radioiodine is a common and benign finding in patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer. Focal liver activity is an unusual finding that may be due to metastasis, but is frequently attributed to artifact in the absence of other evidence of disseminated disease. The metastatic pattern of follicular thyroid cancer is variable, but in general, it first becomes locally invasive, secondarily develops lymph node, lung, and bone metastases, and then late in the course may develop liver metastases. The authors present a case of a locally invasive, moderate sized follicular thyroid tumor that developed early liver metastases without evidence of lung, bone, or regional lymph node involvement.
UK "drink drive" limit may be cut
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The British government is seeking views on lowering the drinking limit for drivers to almost half its present level.

A consultation paper, Combatting Drink-Driving—Next Steps , was launched this week by the transport minister, Dr Gavin Strang. It says that the government is looking to lower the current legal blood alcohol limit of 80 mg/100 ml (17.4 mmol/l) to …
Oral contraceptive drugs and migraine.
Authors: B. M. Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1968)

<h3>Background</h3> IPF is a progressive, irreversible fibrotic interstitial lung disease. We performed size-based quantitation of pulmonary arterial remodelling in IPF, examined the role of EndMT and effects on lung physiology. <h3>Methods</h3> Resected lung tissues from 11 normal controls (NC), and 13 IPF patients, were differentially stained using the Movat Pentachrome technique. Size-based classification for pulmonary arteries was conducted in NC and IPF tissues. For each pulmonary artery, arterial size, luminal diameter, thickness of the intima, media, adventitia, and elastin deposition was quantified using Image ProPlus7.0 software. In addition, immunohistochemical staining was performed for EndMT markers and collagen. <h3>Results</h3> Large and medium size arterial numbers were significantly reduced in IPF compared to NC (p&lt;0.0001). Intima thickness was highest in the arterial range of 200–399 μm and 600–1000 μm (p&lt;0.0001), while medial and adventitial thickness was significant across 200–1000 μm (p&lt;0.05) compared to NC. Medial thickness was found to significantly affect the diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (r’=−0.8, p=0.01). Total arterial elastin in IPF was higher across all arterial ranges except 100–199 μm in IPF than NC, with the greatest differences in 200–399 μm (p&lt;0.001) and 600–1000 μm (p&lt;0.001). Total elastin also negatively correlated with DLCO (r’=−0.63, p=0.04) in IPF. An increase in EndMT markers and collagen type I/ IV was observed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This is the first study demonstrating size-based differences in pulmonary arteries in IPF and its detrimental effect on lung physiology. The process of EndMT might be central to these vascular remodelling changes and could be a potential novel therapeutic target.
45Calcium Uptake During the Transition from Reversible to Irreversible Liver Injury Induced by D-Galactosamine In Vivo
Authors: Clemens Schiessel, Claudia Forsthove, Dietrich Keppler
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The hepatic uptake of 45 calcium ( 45 Ca) was studied in rats after administration of D-galactosamine (3 mmoles per kg, i.v.). In contrast to measurements of the hepatic calcium content, 45 Ca uptake served as a dynamic rather than a static indicator of calcium homeostasis during the transition from reversible to irreversible liver injury which occurs between 3 and 4 hr after injection of the hepatotoxin. 45 Ca uptake during a 1 hr-labeling period increased from 25 to 100% above control between 3 and 4 hr and subsequently remained at this level. The rise in 45 Ca uptake and in hepatic calcium content occurred 2 to 3 hr after the D-galactosa-mine-induced depletion of UTP, UDP-galactose, UDP-glucose and UDP-glucuronate. The level of UDP-glucuronate was the earliest to recover. The enhanced 45 Ca uptake was associated with hepatic glycogen breakdown and with an increased SGPT activity in plasma. Inhibition of RNA polymerase II by α-amanitin (0.5 mg per kg, i.p.) and of dolichol-dependent protein glycosylation as well as ganglioside synthesis by tunicamycin (2 mg per kg, i.p.) were used to imitate two of the early actions of D-galactosamine and indicated that an interference with either process can lead to an enhanced uptake of 45 Ca into the liver in vivo. Uridine, at a dose replenishing uracil nucleotide pools after their depletion by D-galactosamine, prevented or reversed the rise in 45 Ca uptake. The antiinflammatory steroid dexamethasone, injected prior to or simultaneously with D-galactosamine also protected against the loss of calcium homeostasis and the development of liver injury. This action of the steroid may be related to its indirect phospholipase inhibition. The results emphasize the disturbance in calcium homeostasis and provide further insight into the pathogenetic sequence provoked by D-galactosamine in which uridine protects at an early stage and dexamethasone at a later stage and with less specificity for this hepatotoxin.
IFI16 Acts as a Nuclear Pathogen Sensor to Induce the Inflammasome in Response to Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection
Authors: Nagaraj Kerur, Mohanan Valiya Veettil, Neelam Sharma-Walia, Virginie Bottero, Sathish Sadagopan, Pushpalatha Otageri, Bala Chandran
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
The Use of the Nurse-Practitioner in the Management of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.
Authors: Gerald H. Stein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973The Use of the Nurse-Practitioner in the Management of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.Gerald H. Stein, M.D., Judith Jordan, R.N., B.S.Gerald H. Stein, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Judith Jordan, R.N., B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-835_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptShortages in health-care personnel have caused the expansion of nurses' duties. Physician acceptance of this augmented role for the nurse will depend on appropriate studies. Extending the responsibilities of the nurse-practitioner to active patient treatment is the basis of this report. Twenty-three female clinic patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus were selected for this 6-month study. Twelve patients composed the experimental group; their medical management was supervised by a nurse-practitioner trained in the management of diabetes mellitus. The other 11 patients with diabetes mellitus were managed traditionally by the clinic physician. Standard measurements of the course of the disease were followed... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Gainesville, Florida. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 835-835KeywordsDiabetes mellitusNursesPatientsType 2 diabetes Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...