tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of auto-trilevel positive airway ventilation on patients with both obesity hypoventilation and obstructive sleep apnea syndromes
Authors: Xilong Zhang, Feifei Yao
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objectives To observe the efficacy of auto-trilevel positive airway pressure (Auto-trilevel PAP) ventilation on patients with both obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) and obstructive sleep apnea syndromes (OSAS). Methods 17 patients were recruited. Three different positive airway pressure (PAP) modes were issued by the ventilators (SOMNOvent auto-S, Weinmann Inc, Germany). The inspiratory positive airway pressures (IPAP) were titrated by PaCO2 in all three models. The EPAP was titrated as the minimal level for removal of snoring in mode 1, but kept 3cmH2O higher in mode 2, and used in mode 3 with autotrilevel PAP in which the end of EPAP (EEPAP) was automatically adjusted to elevate based on ventilation volume. Results All three modes could significantly improve AHI, minimal SpO2 ( miniSpO2), arousal index, daytime sleepiness and morning PaCO2(all P  0.05). Compared with mode 2, in mode 3 there was a significant lower PaCO2 ( P  0.05). Conclusions Auto-trilevel PAP ventilation can achieve a higher efficacy in simultaneous removal of residual AHI and correction of hypercapnia as well as in achieving a higher sleep quality and lower daytime sleepiness.
Preventing Suicidal Ideation in Medical Interns
Authors: Charles F. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Changes of exhaled nitric oxide during steroid treatment of childhood asthma
Authors: J. Beck-Ripp, M. Griese, S. Arenz, C. Köring, B. Pasqualoni, P. Bufler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is elevated in several inflammatory airway diseases and is significantly reduced by anti-inflammatory treatment with inhaled steroids. The aim of this randomized, open clinical trial was to evaluate eNO in relation to conventional lung function parameters at rest and after exercise during sequential changes of inhaled steroids in children with persistent asthma. The study consisted of a 4 week run-in period, a 4 week washout phase and a randomized treatment period during which only one group was treated again with inhaled budesonide. After run-in, eNO was reduced to normal values, and rose again during washout. In the patients randomized to steroid treatment, eNO was again decreased, whereas it remained unchanged in the untreated patients. Forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity at rest and after exercise improved significantly after run-in, but showed no difference after randomization. However there was a strong correlation of eNO with patient compliance. Exhaled nitric oxide was able to differentiate between children briefly treated with or without steroids, the conventional lung-function variables however could not. In practice exhaled nitric oxide may thus be a valuable parameter to monitor adherence to steroids, but less suitable to describe physiologically relevant impairments of lung function.
Microengineered Platforms for Cell Mechanobiology
Authors: Deok-Ho Kim, Pak Kin Wong, Jungyul Park, Andre Levchenko, Yu Sun
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2009)

Mechanical forces play important roles in the regulation of various biological processes at the molecular and cellular level, such as gene expression, adhesion, migration, and cell fate, which are essential to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In this review, we discuss emerging bioengineered tools enabled by microscale technologies for studying the roles of mechanical forces in cell biology. In addition to traditional mechanobiology experimental techniques, we review recent advances of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based approaches for cell mechanobiology and discuss how microengineered platforms can be used to generate in vivo-like micromechanical environment in in vitro settings for investigating cellular processes in normal and pathophysiological contexts. These capabilities also have significant implications for mechanical control of cell and tissue development and cell-based regenerative therapies.
Self-management in bronchiectasis: the patients' perspective
Authors: K. Lavery, B. O'Neill, J. S. Elborn, J. Reilly, J. M. Bradley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Self-management programmes for chronic disease are a high priority for healthcare providers. The content and method of delivery of self-management should give consideration to the specific requirements of the disease population. The aims of the present study were to assess the physical and psychosocial impact of bronchiectasis, to determine whether patients with bronchiectasis are receptive to self-management and to identify any obstacles or sources of support for a disease-specific self-management programme. A total of 32 patients with a diagnosis of bronchiectasis attended four focus groups. Each focus group was videotaped and subjected to qualitative analysis using the grounded theory approach. Bronchiectasis had an impact on patients’ physical and psychosocial well-being. Patients demonstrated the potential to self-manage with strategies including self-regulation of medication and airway clearance. Perceived obstacles to self-management included lack of information and confidence. Patients suggested that self-management could be promoted through disease-specific information and appropriate healthcare procedures. In summary, patients with bronchiectasis have their lives disrupted by this chronic condition, but are receptive to self-management. The present study has provided information from the patients' perspective of elements which need to be included in a successful disease-specific self-management programme.
Atypical Meigs' syndrome.
Authors: C E Handler, R E Fray, P D Snashall
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Large blood-stained pleural effusions, especially in young patients, are unusual and may be caused by metastatic dis- ease in the chest, a large pulmonary infarction, and, rarely, pulmonary tuberculosis.Meigs' syndrome is an uncommon cause of pleural effusion associated with ascites and a benign ovarian tumour, most often a fibroma.The fluid is usually clear but occasionally blood-stained.The mechan- ism of formation of the fluid remains a mystery ever since Meigs drew attention to this syndrome over 40 years ago.We report a case of atypical Meigs' syndrome, which is defined as the association of ascites and pleural effusion with uterine fibromata.We have found only four such published cases.' 1-Patients with atypical Meigs' syndrome may present a diagnostic problem as the clinical picture may masquerade as pulmonary tuberculosis or gynaecological carcinoma with metastatic involvement in the chest.They should, therefore, always be considered for explora- tory laparotomy.Case report
S122 Is There a Gender Difference in the UK CF Population?
Authors: N Baty, SJ MacNeill, P Cullinan, E WFW Alton, D Bilton, U Griesenbach
Journal: Thorax (2012)

The literature is conflicting with regards to gender differences in the CF population with some studies reporting poorer prognosis in CF females. Variations in study design (cross-sectional v longitudinal and single v multi-centre), study populations (paediatric v adults) and small sample sizes may in part explain these differences. In an attempt to overcome some of these limitations we analysed the UK CF Trust Registry database, which collates data on the paediatric and adult UK CF population for evidence of gender differences. <h3>Methods</h3> We used the 2010 annual review data and compared males and females in age-groups 0–5, 6–12, 13–15, 16–19, 20–23, 24–29 and 30+ years for lung function (FEV1 and FVC (% predicted)), infection status, treatments (rhDNase, O2 therapy, Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV), IV antibiotics, supplementary feeding and pancreatic supplements), body mass index and associated complications (CF related diabetes, osteoporosis, liver disease). <h3>Results</h3> Of the 7937 patients attending annual review in 2010 47% were female. The sex distribution differed by age whereby the proportion of females dropped from 16 years onwards (Figure 1). The mean FEV1 was significantly(p&lt;0.001) lower in female teens aged 16–19 years compared to males (females: 71.0 (confidence interval 68.8–73.2), males 76.7 (74.6–78.8), but not in any other age group. Similar results were observed for mean FVC for which females aged 20–23 yrs also had significantly lower values than males. Teenage female salso had a significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher use of rhDNase, gastrostomies, O2, had more days/yr on IV antibiotics in hospital and had a significantly(p≤0.001) higher rate of CFRD. In addition, a significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher percentage of females older than 13 had more home IV antibiotics. We did not detect any gender differences with respect to chronic bacterial colonisation(PA, SA, Bcepacia and MRSA). <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is evidence of a more severe lung function deficit in teenage years. The reduced proportion of females in the adult cohorts is consistent with a survival difference. Further longitudinal analyses will help characterise the identified gender gap and effects on disease progression. We thank the UK CF Trust for the registry data.
Detailed analysis of 15q11-q14 sequence corrects errors and gaps in the public access sequence to fully reveal large segmental duplications at breakpoints for Prader-Willi, Angelman, and inv dup(15) syndromes
Authors: Andrew J Makoff, Rachel H Flomen
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Abstract Background Chromosome 15 contains many segmental duplications, including some at 15q11-q13 that appear to be responsible for the deletions that cause Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes and for other genomic disorders. The current version of the human genome sequence is incomplete, with seven gaps in the proximal region of 15q, some of which are flanked by duplicated sequence. We have investigated this region by conducting a detailed examination of the sequenced genomic clones in the public database, focusing on clones from the RP11 library that originates from one individual. Results Our analysis has revealed assembly errors, including contig NT_078094 being in the wrong orientation, and has enabled most of the gaps between contigs to be closed. We have constructed a map in which segmental duplications are no longer interrupted by gaps and which together reveals a complex region. There are two pairs of large direct repeats that are located in regions consistent with the two classes of deletions associated with Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. There are also large inverted repeats that account for the formation of the observed supernumerary marker chromosomes containing two copies of the proximal end of 15q and associated with autism spectrum disorders when involving duplications of maternal origin (inv dup[15] syndrome). Conclusion We have produced a segmental map of 15q11-q14 that reveals several large direct and inverted repeats that are incompletely and inaccurately represented on the current human genome sequence. Some of these repeats are clearly responsible for deletions and duplications in known genomic disorders, whereas some may increase susceptibility to other disorders.
SRC Signaling Is Crucial in the Growth of Synovial Sarcoma Cells
Authors: Sebastian Michels, Marcel Trautmann, Elisabeth Sievers, Dagmar Kindler, Sebastian Huss, Marcus Renner, Nicolaus Friedrichs, Jutta Kirfel, Susanne Steiner, Elmar Endl, Peter Wurst, Lukas Heukamp, Roland Penzel, Olle Larsson, Akira Kawai, Shinya Tanaka, Hiroshi Sonobe, Peter Schirmacher, Gunhild Mechtersheimer, Eva Wardelmann, Reinhard Büttner, Wolfgang Hartmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Synovial sarcoma is a soft-tissue malignancy characterized by a reciprocal t(X;18) translocation encoding a chimeric transcriptional modifier. Several receptor tyrosine kinases have been found activated in synovial sarcoma; however, no convincing therapeutic concept has emerged from these findings. On the basis of the results of phosphokinase screening arrays, we here investigate the functional and therapeutic relevance of the SRC kinase in synovial sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry of phosphorylated SRC and its regulators CSK and PTP1B (PTPN1) was conducted in 30 synovial sarcomas. Functional aspects of SRC, including dependence of SRC activation on the SS18/SSX fusion proteins, were analyzed in vitro. Eventually, synovial sarcoma xenografts were treated with the SRC inhibitor dasatinib in vivo. Activated phospho (p)-(Tyr416)-SRC was detected in the majority of tumors; dysregulation of CSK or PTP1B was excluded as the reason for the activation of the kinase. Expression of the SS18/SSX fusion proteins in T-REx-293 cells was associated with increased p-(Tyr416)-SRC levels, linked with an induction of the insulin-like growth factor pathway. Treatment of synovial sarcoma cells with dasatinib led to apoptosis and inhibition of cellular proliferation, associated with reduced phosphorylation of FAK (PTK2), STAT3, IGF-IR, and AKT. Concurrent exposure of cells to dasatinib and chemotherapeutic agents resulted in additive effects. Cellular migration and invasion were dependent on signals transmitted by SRC involving regulation of the Rho GTPases Rac and RhoA. Treatment of nude mice with SYO-1 xenografts with dasatinib significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In summary, SRC is of crucial biologic importance and represents a promising therapeutic target in synovial sarcoma. Cancer Res; 73(8); 2518–28. ©2013 AACR.
Enhanced Levels of Whole-body Protein Turnover in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: MARIËLLE P. K. J. ENGELEN, NICOLAAS E. P. DEUTZ, EMIEL F. M. WOUTERS, ANNEMIE M. W. J. SCHOLS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

A substantial number of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by fat-free mass wasting and altered muscle and plasma amino acid levels, suggesting changes in protein metabolism. In the present study, we examined whether whole-body protein breakdown (PB) and synthesis (PS) differ between 14 stable patients with COPD and 8 healthy controls. Whole-body PB, PS, and net PB ( = PB − PS) were measured by the combined infusion of the stable isotopes l-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine (Phe) and l-[ring-2H2]tyrosine. Because there is evidence for specific disturbances in leucine (Leu) metabolism, the PB values were compared with those obtained when infusing l-[1-13C]Leu tracer. In arterialized-venous plasma and in vastus lateralis muscle, the isotope enrichment values and amino acid concentrations were measured. Whole-body PS and PB, assessed by Phe and Tyr tracer, were higher in the COPD group than in the control group (p < 0.05), indicating an elevated protein turnover. Net PB was increased in both groups, indicating a comparable degree of protein catabolism in the postabsorptive state. In contrast, whole-body PB determined by Leu tracer was not different between the groups. As a consequence, the ratio of Leu to Phe breakdown was reduced in the COPD group (p < 0.001). Moreover, in the COPD group a higher muscle-to-plasma gradient was found for Leu (p < 0.001) but not for Phe. The present study reveals elevated levels for protein turnover in patients with COPD, and indicates that infusion of the Leu tracer gives a reflection of Leu metabolism but not of whole-body protein metabolism in these patients.
Public Health and the Epidemic of Incarceration
Authors: Dora M. Dumont, Brad Brockmann, Samuel Dickman, Nicole Alexander, Josiah D. Rich
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2012)

An unprecedented number of Americans have been incarcerated in the past generation. In addition, arrests are concentrated in low-income, predominantly nonwhite communities where people are more likely to be medically underserved. As a result, rates of physical and mental illnesses are far higher among prison and jail inmates than among the general public. We review the health profiles of the incarcerated; health care in correctional facilities; and incarceration's repercussions for public health in the communities to which inmates return upon release. The review concludes with recommendations that public health and medical practitioners capitalize on the public health opportunities provided by correctional settings to reach medically underserved communities, while simultaneously advocating for fundamental system change to reduce unnecessary incarceration.
Trastuzumab-Associated Cardiac Adverse Effects in the Herceptin Adjuvant Trial
Authors: Thomas M. Suter, Marion Procter, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Michael Muscholl, Jonas Bergh, Chiara Carlomagno, Timothy Perren, Rodolfo Passalacqua, Claudia Bighin, Jan G.M. Klijn, Fail T. Ageev, Erika Hitre, Juergen Groetz, Hiroji Iwata, Malgorzata Knap, Michael Gnant, Susanne Muehlbauer, Alison Spence, Richard D. Gelber, Martine J. Piccart-Gebhart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose The purpose of this analysis was to investigate trastuzumab-associated cardiac adverse effects in breast cancer patients after completion of (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy. Patients and Methods The Herceptin Adjuvant (HERA) trial is a three-group, multicenter, open-label randomized trial that compared 1 or 2 years of trastuzumab given once every 3 weeks with observation in patients with HER-2–positive breast cancer. Only patients who after completion of (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy had normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥ 55%) were eligible. A repeat LVEF assessment was performed in case of cardiac dysfunction. Results Data were available for 1,693 patients randomly assigned to 1 year trastuzumab and 1,693 patients randomly assigned to observation. The incidence of trastuzumab discontinuation due to cardiac disorders was low (4.3%). The incidence of cardiac end points was higher in the trastuzumab group compared with observation (severe congestive heart failure [CHF], 0.60% v 0.00%; symptomatic CHF, 2.15% v 0.12%; confirmed significant LVEF drops, 3.04% v 0.53%). Most patients with cardiac dysfunction recovered in fewer than 6 months. Patients with trastuzumab-associated cardiac dysfunction were treated with higher cumulative doses of doxorubicin (287 mg/m 2 v 257 mg/m 2 ) or epirubicin (480 mg/m 2 v 422 mg/m 2 ) and had a lower screening LVEF and a higher body mass index. Conclusion Given the clear benefit in disease-free survival, the low incidence of cardiac adverse events, and the suggestion that cardiac dysfunction might be reversible, adjuvant trastuzumab should be considered for treatment of breast cancer patients who fulfill the HERA trial eligibility criteria.
DERMATOLOGY IN B.L.A.*
Authors: F. F. HELLIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1946)

Journal Article DERMATOLOGY IN B.L.A. Get access F. F. HELLIER, Lt.‐Col., R.A.M.C. F. F. HELLIER, Lt.‐Col., R.A.M.C. Adviser in Dermatology, 21 Army Group Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 58, Issue 7-8, 1 July 1946, Pages 183–192, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1946.tb11235.x Published: 01 July 1946
Pre-flight testing of preterm infants with neonatal lung disease: a retrospective review
Authors: K Udomittipong
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<b>Background:</b> The low oxygen environment during air travel may result in hypoxia in patients with respiratory disease. However, little information exists on the oxygen requirements of infants with respiratory disease planning to fly. A study was undertaken to identify the clinical factors predictive of an in-flight oxygen requirement from a retrospective review of hypoxia challenge tests (inhalation of 14–15% oxygen for 20 minutes) in infants referred for fitness to fly assessment. <b>Methods:</b> Data from 47 infants (median corrected age 1.4 months) with a history of neonatal lung disease but not receiving supplemental oxygen at the time of hypoxia testing are reported. The neonatal and current clinical information of the infants were analysed in terms of their ability to predict the hypoxia test results. <b>Results:</b> Thirty eight infants (81%) desaturated below 85% and warranted prescription of supplemental in-flight oxygen. Baseline oxygen saturation was &gt;95% in all infants. Age at the time of the hypoxia test, either postmenstrual or corrected, significantly predicted the outcome of the hypoxia test (odds ratio 0.82; 95% confidence intervals 0.62 to 0.95; p = 0.005). Children passing the hypoxia test were significantly older than those requiring in-flight oxygen (median corrected age (10–90th centiles) 12.7 (3.0–43.4) <i>v</i> 0 (−0.9–10.9) months; p&lt;0.0001). <b>Conclusions:</b> A high proportion of ex-preterm infants not currently requiring supplemental oxygen referred for fitness-to-fly assessment and less than 12 months corrected age are at a high risk of requiring in-flight oxygen. Referral of this patient group for fitness to fly assessment including a hypoxia test may be indicated.