tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Marrow adipose tissue: Response to erythropoiesis
Authors: Ambika Bathija, Stephen Davis, Sidney Trubowitz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Abstract A group of rabbits was treated chronically with phenylhydrazine to induce hemolysis and stimulate erythropoiesis. The mean volume of the marrow fat cell of a control group of hematologically normal rabbits was 54.8 pl; the mean volume of the perinephric fat cell was 549.5 pl, a volume ratio, perinephric/marrow of 10: 1. In the experimental animals the mean volume of the marrow fat cell fell to 25.9 pl; the volume of the perinephric fat cell was unchanged and the volume ratio, perinephric/marrow was 18: 1. Fat cell volume studies performed on rabbits subjected to chronic bleeding yielded comparable data. The l‐C 14 palmitate uptake (esterification capacity) calculated on a cell basis was the same for both marrow and perinephric fat cells and was unaffected by phenylhydrazine treatment. The fatty acid composition shows higher content of unsaturated fatty acids in the marrow fat than in the perinephric fat of the control animal. In the experimental animal there appears to be a preferential release of the unsaturated fatty acid. The findings of the study suggest that increased hematopoiesis stimulates lipolysis of marrow fat cells, probably through the local release of a chemical substance. Marrow fat appears to be functionally related to hematopoiesis rather than to systemic fat storage. Marrow fat may be involved in the metabolic support of hematopoiesis.
Infantile Colic and Migraine
Authors: Leon G. Epstein, Phyllis C. Zee
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of Refractory Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Renata R. Kieling, André Palmini, Eliseu Paglioli
Journal: JAMA (2012)

To the Editor: Dr Engel and colleagues presented important additional evidence on the superiority of surgical therapy over antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the treatment of refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Their results corroborate and expand the findings of a previous randomized controlled trial, which led the American Academy of Neurology to issue a practice parameter in 2003 recommending surgery as the treatment of choice for pharmacoresistant MTLE. While the greater efficacy of surgical treatment for seizure control in MTLE is well established, the question of timing of surgery is still controversial. Clinicians generally perceive surgery as a last resort due to concern regarding the risks of adverse effects following surgical intervention and either fail to refer patients or refer them too late. Although not a universal finding, memory impairment has often been reported after an anterior temporal lobe resection and may compromise the patient’s well-being and social functioning, even when seizure-free. However, MTLE is now regarded as a progressive disease and therefore it is critical to assess the comparative effect on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the psychosocial status of patients undergoing each treatment approach to make an informed decision concerning the use of surgery or pharmacotherapy. With the premature termination of the trial after only 38 patients were enrolled, the comparative effect of early surgery on cognition and HRQOL remains unanswered. The declared primary outcome of the Early Randomized Surgical Epilepsy Trial (ERSET) was seizure freedom, but the large planned sample size (200 patients) is not justifiable based on the expected difference in the primary outcome because there was previous evidence indicating that the surgical approach is superior in cases of refractory MTLE. In fact, supplementary material previously published describing the study design for ERSET confirms that “sample size was instead chosen largely to address the important secondary aim of examining treatment group differences in mean change in HRQOL.” Moreover, in 1999, when the original plan for ERSET was published, it stated that, at the end of 2 years, the primary outcome measure would be a quantitative assessment of HRQOL; seizure recurrence was defined as a secondary outcome. Early surgery can benefit patients with MTLE. Future trials with larger samples and longer follow-up should address the issue of whether surgery can also improve HRQOL compared with the natural history of the disease in appropriately selected patients with MTLE, in addition to providing better seizure control compared with medication.
Judges make historic ruling on euthanasia
Authors: T Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Doctors in the Netherlands may agree to requests for euthanasia from patients who are neither terminally ill nor suffering physically, according to a historic judgment in the Dutch Supreme Court. In the test case, decided by the country's highest legal authority, psychiatrist Dr Boudewijn Chabot was found guilty of having helped with the suicide of a healthy and competent woman who had wished to die since the death of her two sons. But the court chose not to punish him, though suicide assisted by a doctor carries a three year jail sentence. Dr Chabot had already been acquitted twice, but the public prosecution pursued the case to the highest court.

The Supreme Court accepted that Dr Chabot had followed guidelines to establish that his …
Stenosis of the lumbar spinal canal and sciatic claudication. A study of 29 cases, thirteen of which were operated upon.
Authors: L Auquier, J F Hirsch, J B Paolaggi, C Rouques, R Ghozian
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

An attempt is made to correlate the clinical and endo- crinological sequelae of corticosteroid withdrawal with details of preceding corticosteroid therapy and tests of HPA function.
Inadequate size of 'negative' clinical trials in dermatology
Authors: H.C. WILLIAMS, P. SEED
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Fifty-eight clinical trials with negative conclusions, published in three British dermatological journals over the last 4 years, were reviewed to determine the risk of their having missed an effective treatment. All but one of the 44 evaluable trials had a greater than 1 in 10 risk of missing a 25% relative treatment difference (median risk 81%), and 31 of the trials (70%) were so small that they had a greater than 1 in 10 risk of missing a 50% relative treatment difference (median risk 42%). The 'negative' trial result was compatible (within 95% confidence limits) with a 25% beneficial relative treatment effect in 36 studies (82%), and a 50% treatment benefit in 22 studies (50%). Only one study used confidence intervals to describe the main findings, and only three studies (7%) mentioned the basis for sample size estimation at the outset of the study. Of particular concern was that in half (23/44) of the studies there was an incorrect interpretation of the findings. It is worrying to observe such a profusion of clinical trials in dermatology which are too small to answer the questions being posed, especially when this is coupled with misreporting of results. Apart from ethical concerns, many treatments compatible with a considerable treatment benefit may have been erroneously discarded as a result of such studies. We recommend the use of confidence intervals to summarize clinical trial findings, so that readers can quickly decide whether clinically important treatment effects are plausible.
BDP HFA Nasal Aerosol Effectively Improves Nasal Symptom Relief and Health-Related Quality of Life (QOL) in Subjects with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (SAR)
Authors: J. van Bavel, F.C. Hampel, P.H. Ratner, A. Melchior, S.A. Dunbar, S.K. Tantry, P.M. Dorinsky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Monoclonal antibody blockade of IL-2 receptor α during lymphopenia selectively depletes regulatory T cells in mice and humans
Authors: Duane A. Mitchell, Xiuyu Cui, Robert J. Schmittling, Luis Sanchez-Perez, David J. Snyder, Kendra L. Congdon, Gary E. Archer, Annick Desjardins, Allan H. Friedman, Henry S. Friedman, James E. Herndon, Roger E. McLendon, David A. Reardon, James J. Vredenburgh, Darell D. Bigner, John H. Sampson
Journal: Blood (2011)
MSL — Medicine as a Second Language
Authors: Rachel K. Sobel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

We were practicing in the nurses' room, with a few minutes to go before the big performance. My classmate Julie and I ran through our lines and critiqued each other. "You have the history and differential diagnosis down," she said, "but you look half asleep. Sit up straight, for goodness' sake." I nodded, trying to remember yet another thing. Then I gave her some advice: "Keep your enthusiasm," I suggested, "but trim the `normocephalic, atraumatic' bit and the other overly detailed physical exam findings."Curtain time. Costumed in our short white coats, we entered the conference room from stage right . . .
Outcome of pulmonary endarterectomy in symptomatic chronic thromboembolic disease
Authors: Dolores Taboada, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, David P. Jenkins, Marius Berman, Carmen M. Treacy, John E. Cannon, Mark Toshner, John J. Dunning, Choo Ng, Steven S. Tsui, Karen K. Sheares
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Chronic thromboembolic disease is characterised by persistent pulmonary thromboembolic occlusions without pulmonary hypertension. Early surgical treatment with pulmonary endarterectomy may improve symptoms and prevent disease progression. We sought to assess the outcome of pulmonary endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with chronic thromboembolic disease. Patients with symptomatic chronic thromboembolic disease and a mean pulmonary artery pressure <25 mmHg at baseline with right heart catheterisation and treated with pulmonary endarterectomy between January 2000 and July 2013 were identified. Patients were reassessed at 6 months and at 1 year following surgery. A total of 42 patients underwent surgery and the median length of stay in hospital was 11 days. There was no in-hospital mortality but complications occurred in 40% of patients. At 1 year, following surgery, 95% of the patients remained alive. There was a significant symptomatic improvement with 95% of patients in the New York Heart Association functional classes I or II at 6 months. There was a significant improvement in quality of life assessed by the Cambridge pulmonary hypertension outcome review questionnaire. In this carefully selected cohort of chronic thromboembolic disease patients, pulmonary endarterectomy resulted in significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life. Appropriate patient selection is paramount given the known surgical morbidity and mortality, and surgery should only be performed in expert centres.
A possible role for nitric oxide in modulating the functional cyclosporine toxicity by arginine
Authors: Alessandro Amore, Bruno Gianoglio, Dario Ghigo, Licia Peruzzi, Maria G. Porcellini, Federico Bussolino, Costanzo Costamagna, Giuseppe Cacace, Giuseppe Picciotto, Gianna Mazzucco, Luigi Massimino Sena, Rosanna Coppo
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
A case of multiple sclerosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis and positive anticardiolipin antibodies
Authors: S Mpofu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

We describe the case of a 59 year old man with longstanding multiple sclerosis (MS) since his early fifties, who after many years developed the clinical and serological manifestations of erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This rare association is interesting owing to the overlapping pathophysiological similarities of T cell and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) in both diseases.1,2 The MS musculoskeletal complaints masked proper assessment of his RA, resulting in a delayed diagnosis. As far as we know, this is the first case in which MS, RA, and serum anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) have been found to be present simultaneously.

A 48 year old man presented to the orthopaedic clinic with left knee and foot pain and an associated mild weakness on the left side. Examination confirmed patellofemoral crepitus, and spastic paraparesis. A diagnosis of MS was made, supported by oligoclonal bands …
Urticaria Pigmentosa and Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Richard M. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Urticaria pigmentosa is an uncommon skin disorder consisting of localized dermal infiltrates of tissue mast cells. Similar infiltrates at times occur in other organs, producing symptoms or signs of systemic mastocytosis. Since only occasional patients with cutaneous lesions also have visceral involvement, it is useful to recognize the major varieties of urticaria pigmentosa: (1) the solitary lesion, (2) multiple lesions of infancy or early childhood, and (3) multiple lesions appearing in later childhood, adolescence, or adulthood. Approximately one fifth of the patients in the third group may have systemic involvement.
Immunohistochemical detection of an AGE, a ligand for macrophage receptor, in peritoneum of CAPD patients
Authors: Sakurako Nakamura, Kazuki Tobita, Tetsuya Tachikawa, Suguru Akamatsu, Yoshifumi Ohno, Ayumi Kan, Misaki Katsuragawa, Koichi Yasumura, Shigeru Miyazaki, Shinji Sakai, Takashi Morita, Yoshihei Hirashawa, Toshimitsu Niwa
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Granulomatous Ileocolitis
Authors: Harry E. Bacon
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Evidence is available to believe that granulomatous colitis is a disease entity separate and distinct from idiopathic ulcerative colitis although the clinical behavior of each may be similar. In gross and microscopic studies of the surgical specimens of 61 patients undergoing colec tomy, comparison was made with ulcerative colitis. In the granulomatous variety, it tends to follow a chronic course and rarely are acute phases resembling a fulminating type encountered. Diarrhea and bleeding are less pronounced while stricture formation and intra-abdominal fistulae are more common. A noticeable feature is the absence of acute hemorrhage and toxic megacolon. The incidence of inflammatory anal lesions is higher, cancer is far less common, the recurrence rate is greater, the mortality from colectomy is more marked, and the percentage of rehabilitation considerably lessened.
ABC of poisoning. Diagnosis.
Authors: J Henry, G Volans
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Diagnosis in poisoning is often difficult and has to be made on the available evidence.In many cases it can be predicted that little or no toxicity will occur and the patient, parents, or relatives can be reassured.At the other extreme the history may be unavailable or unreliable, and a working diagnosis has to be made, based on the clinical features and laboratory investigations.This article is intended to provide help in cases of suspected poisoning when the diagnosis is not immediately apparent. Patterns of poisoning
The histopathology of localized lipoatrophy
Authors: MARGOT S. PETERS, R.K. WINKELMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

We studied 11 patients with the clinical diagnosis of lipoatrophy and found two histopathological subsets. Six patients presented with a distinctive picture, which we termed 'involutional' fat, consisting of lobules of small lipocytes embedded in hyaline connective tissue with numerous capillaries. Five of these six patients had a single lesion, usually of the upper arm. Serological studies were normal, and direct immunofluorescence, performed in three cases, showed immunoreactants in the blood vessels in only one. The four patients with inflammation of the fat had multiple areas of localized lipoatrophy. Three had biopsies for direct immunofluorescence and all three showed immunoreactants involving the basement membrane zone (two cases) or blood vessels (one case); and three had serological abnormalities. We suggest that the involutional histopathological pattern is a distinctive subset of localized lipoatrophy.
Critical function of Prdm14 for the establishment of the germ cell lineage in mice
Authors: Masashi Yamaji, Yoshiyuki Seki, Kazuki Kurimoto, Yukihiro Yabuta, Mihoko Yuasa, Mayo Shigeta, Kaori Yamanaka, Yasuhide Ohinata, Mitinori Saitou
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
TCT-255 Favourable Long-term Survival Of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Managed With Systematic Coronary Angiogram On Admission
Authors: Sebastian Voicu, Giorgos Sideris, Julien Adjedj, Jean-Guillaume Dillinger, Nikos Magkoutis, Nicolas Deye, Stephane Manzo-Silberman, Bruno Mégarbane, Frédéric J. Baud, Patrick Henry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The thyroid axis just got more complicated
Authors: Fredric E. Wondisford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

As a first-year medical student, you could count on the simplicity and elegance of the thyroid axis, because all its details had apparently been elucidated. Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) promoted the synthesis, release, and glycosylation of pituitary thyrotropin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which in turn acted on the thyroid follicle, leading to the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3). Furthermore, precise control of the axis was maintained by thyroid hormone negative feedback at both the hypothalamic and pituitary levels (Figure ​(Figure1).1). Now, a new pituitary hormone, termed thyrostimulin, may change our established view of this axis.



Figure 1

The role of thyrostimulin in the thyroid axis and periphery. Thyrostimulin, a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone, is synthesized in the pituitary and other peripheral tissues. It is suggested to act in a paracrine fashion at these sites. A role for thyrostimulin ...



TSH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and chorionic gonadotropin (CG) are a family of heterodimeric pituitary and placental glycoprotein hormones that share a common α subunit (1). Their biological specificity at either the thyroid or the gonad is conferred by a unique β subunit that is noncovalently linked to the common glycoprotein α subunit. All of these hormones have been purified by classical means, and their biological activities established by in vivo assays.

Nakabayashi et al. in this issue of the JCI (2) describe a novel heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone containing two unique subunits, which they term A2 and B5. These investigators identified A2 and B5 in a homology search of the human genome (GenBank). In a nearly simultaneous paper in another journal, the same group describes orthologs of these subunits found in diverse species (3). A2 and B5 share only modest amino acid similarity with the related glycoprotein hormone subunit family members, but they contain all of the cysteine residues required to form the characteristic cysteine knot structure found in these and other growth factors, including PDGF and TGF-β.

The authors show here that A2 interacts strongly with FSH-β, CG-β, and B5 in a yeast two-hybrid assay (2). After determining that the A2/B5 pair can stimulate cAMP production via the TSH receptor, Nakabayashi and colleagues pursued the thyrotropic activity of A2/B5 in greater detail.
Finding the Role of Health Care in Population Health
Authors: Emma M. Eggleston, Jonathan A. Finkelstein
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Analysis of coronary angioplasty practice in the United States with an insurance-claims data base.
Authors: E J Topol, S G Ellis, D M Cosgrove, E R Bates, D W Muller, N J Schork, M A Schork, F D Loop
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Coronary angioplasty is frequently performed in the United States, with more than 300,000 procedures in 1990. Despite the high rate of use of the procedure, there have been few studies addressing practice patterns.From a private insurance claims data base of 5.4 million individuals, a total of 2,101 patients who underwent coronary angioplasty during 1988-1989 were identified. Using their 4,578 hospital admission records and 87,578 outpatient claim records, with an average follow-up of 332 +/- 182 days, we compared patients' outcomes and charges according to whether they had an exercise stress test before the procedure, by sex, by region of the country, and by whether the angioplasty was performed in an institution with a training program. Only 29% of the study cohort had exercise testing before angioplasty; patients in the West (p = 0.001), those undergoing multivessel angioplasty (p = 0.00001), and those whose procedures were performed at sites with training programs (p = 0.04) were more likely to have a screening test, whereas women (p = 0.008) and those with a recent myocardial infarction (p = 0.00001) were less likely to have a screening test. The average length of stay for patients without myocardial infarction as a primary diagnosis was 5.6 days, with a total hospital charge of $15,027. In follow-up, 15.1% had coronary artery bypass surgery and 15% had at least one additional angioplasty procedure; the average follow-up charges were $4,879. Charges varied according to sex, region of the country, and academic status of the angioplasty institution. Certain outcomes showed variation by region of the country and academic status of the angioplasty institution.The relative lack of an objective definition of myocardial ischemia and the marked variability of use of procedures according to geographic region suggest the need for further implementation of established guidelines.
UK government finalises restrictions on Viagra prescribing
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

After a long period of consultation and deliberation, the UK health secretary Frank Dobson announced last week the government's restrictions on prescribing the anti-impotence drug sildenafil citrate (Viagra). Mr Dobson bowed to public pressure with a small increase in the range of conditions for which general practitioners will be allowed to prescribe the drug under the NHS. But men who come …