tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Airway epithelial cell expression of interleukin-6 in transgenic mice. Uncoupling of airway inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity.
Authors: B F DiCosmo, G P Geba, D Picarella, J A Elias, J A Rankin, B R Stripp, J A Whitsett, R A Flavell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We produced transgenic mice which overexpress human IL-6 in the airway epithelial cells. Transgenic mice develop a mononuclear cell infiltrate adjacent to large and mid-sized airways. Immunohistochemistry reveals these cells to be predominantly CD4+ cells, MHC class II+ cells, and B220+ cells. Transgenic mice and nontransgenic mice had similar baseline respiratory system resistance (0.47 +/- 0.06 vs 0.43 +/- 0.04 cmH2O/ml per s at 9 wk of age, P = NS and 0.45 +/- 0.07 vs 0.43 +/- 0.09 cmH2O/ml per s at 17 wk of age, P = NS). Transgenic mice, however, required a significantly higher log dose of methacholine to produce a 100% increase in respiratory system resistance as compared with non-transgenic littermates (1.34 +/- 0.24 vs 0.34 +/- 0.05 mg/ml, P < or = 0.01). We conclude that the expression of human IL-6 in the airways of transgenic mice results in a CD4+, MHC class II+, B220+ lymphocytic infiltrate surrounding large and mid-sized airways that does not alter basal respiratory resistance, but does diminish airway reactivity to methacholine. These findings demonstrate an uncoupling of IL-6-induced airway lymphocytic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness and suggest that some forms of airway inflammation may serve to restore altered airway physiology.
People are easily duped about new diseases, conference is told
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The enthusiasm with which news outlets uncritically reported the spoof disease motivational deficit disorder and the drug indolebant took their creators by surprise ( BMJ 2006;332:745, 1 Apr).

David Henry, the convenor of a conference on disease mongering held last week in Newcastle, New South Wales, said the media coverage showed “that it is relatively easy to get [out] the concept of a disease that doesn't exist and a treatment that doesn't exist.”

Dr Henry, who is clinical pharmacologist at the University of Newcastle, said the explanation for such gullibility was that “when it comes to health, people suspend the scepticism they use in other areas of their life.”

Martin Palin, …
Target-specific delivery of siRNA by stabilized calcium phosphate nanoparticles using dopa–hyaluronic acid conjugate
Authors: Min Sang Lee, Jung Eun Lee, Eunkyoung Byun, Nak Won Kim, Kyuri Lee, Haeshin Lee, Sang Jun Sim, Doo Sung Lee, Ji Hoon Jeong
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
A NOTE ON SIXTY-THREE SUCCESSIVE CASES OF ENTERIC FEVER TREATED WITH VACCINES
Authors: W. P. MacArthur
Journal: BMJ (1914)

TDzBN1z!UE period of rest from tuberculin was given and was followed by a smaller dose than those which prod-nced reactions..The maximum dose reaclhed was one-tenth-milligram, and this in the case of one patient only. Method of Investigation.We decided that the factors on which improvement or otherwise should be based must be two-namely:1. Thle pulmonary condition as determined by the physical signs.2. The general condition as determined by the weight, temperatiure, pulse-rate, cough, and amounts of
Effect of hemoglobin levels in hemodialysis patients with asymptomatic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Robert N. Foley, Patrick S. Parfrey, Janet Morgan, Paul E. Barré, Patricia Campbell, Pierre Cartier, Douglas Coyle, Adrian Fine, Paul Handa, Iris Kingma, Cathy Y. Lau, Adeera Levin, David Mendelssohn, Norman Muirhead, Brendan Murphy, Richard K. Plante, Gerald Posen, George A. Wells
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
The microbiology of chronic osteomyelitis: Prevalence of resistance to common empirical anti-microbial regimens
Authors: S.H. Sheehy, B.A. Atkins, P. Bejon, I. Byren, D. Wyllie, N.A. Athanasou, A.R. Berendt, M.A. McNally
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Nonunion of Humerus
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Dr. W. A. Mnaymneh: A 56-year-old man was admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital with the diagnosis of nonunion of the left humeral shaft. His present illness dated back 2 1/2 years prior to admission, at which time he fell downstairs and sustained a fracture of the midshaft of the left humerus. He was admitted to another hospital in which open reduction and plating were done. The fracture did not heal. Three more open procedures were performed during the following 2 years. These included two iliac bone grafting procedures. Velpeau plaster casts were applied for periods ranging from 17 to 23 weeks. However, there was failure of healing after each procedure. Finally, the patient was given a sling to support his left arm. When first seen at the MGH, this patient had gross motion, crepitus, and a mild degree of angulation at the fracture site. He had no pain. There
European court rules that NHS incentive schemes for cheap prescribing do not breach law
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

NHS schemes which offer doctors financial incentives to prescribe cheaper drugs do not contravene European law, the European Court of Justice has ruled in a judgment that should save the health service many millions of pounds.

Five judges in the Luxembourg court went against the recommendation of the court’s advocate general that they should rule that prescribing incentive schemes for GPs in England and Wales breach a European directive on the promotion of medicinal products ( BMJ 2010;340:c1945, doi:10.1136/bmj.c1945).

On the contrary, they ruled, the NHS schemes are compatible with the European directive and do not prejudice the objectivity of prescribing doctors because doctors are obliged by their code of conduct to prescribe in the patients’ best interests.

But the health authorities must provide the drug industry with information showing that the schemes …
The Influence of Fasting, Diabetes, and Several Pharmacological Agents on the Pathways of Thyroxine Metabolism in Rat Liver
Authors: Alan Balsam, Sidney H. Ingbar, Franklin Sexton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

As judged from both paper and column chromatography, slices or homogenates of liver from rats fasted for 48 h displayed a lesser rate of generation of 125I-labeled 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) from 125I-labeled thyroxine (T4) added to incubation media than did preparations from normal chow-fed animals. A similar defect in the conversion of T4 to T3 in the livers of fasted animals was observed when preparations were incubated with substrate concentrations of T4 so that T3 generation could be assessed by radioimmunoassay. The effect of fasting could be prevented, wholly or in part, by administration of glucose in the drinking water to otherwise fasted animals, and the degree of prevention appeared to be proportional to the concentration of glucose employed. Diminished generation of T3 from T4 was similarly evident in the livers of animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, and this defect was overcome by the provision of insulin in vivo, but not in vitro. Decreased formation of T3 from T4 was also observed in preparations of liver from animals given dexamethasone, amiodarone, and propylthiouracil. In no case could these effects on the net formation of T3 from T4 be explained by effects of the experimental conditions on the degradation of the T3 generated, as judged from the rate of degradation of exogenous 125I-T3 measured in parallel incubates.
The Demise of the Blockbuster?
Authors: David M. Cutler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

When Pfizer announced that it was halting clinical testing of its new cholesterol drug, torcetrapib, the company's market value fell by $21 billion overnight. Ten thousand job cuts followed. The ongoing promise of nearly $3 billion in annual sales vanished when Merck pulled Vioxx (rofecoxib) from the shelves, and the company's market value fell by $25 billion. For decades, blockbuster drugs have nourished Big Pharma, but it is increasingly uncertain whether they can be counted on to support the industry in the future.Prescription medications are extremely costly to develop and market. The cost of bringing a new drug to . . .
Detentions under the Mental Health Act rise by 20 000 over 10 years
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The total number of detentions under the Mental Health Act in 2000–1 have remained level from last year, at 50 500, a Department of Health report published last week has shown. But this figure represented a rise of 20 000 compared with 1990.

Trends in detentions show a steady rise until 1996. …
Diagnostic value of history and maximal exercise electrocardiography in men and women suspected of coronary heart disease.
Authors: J M Detry, B M Kapita, J Cosyns, B Sottiaux, L A Brasseur, M F Rousseau
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Coronary arteriographic data have been compared in 278 patients (231 males and 47 females) with the ECG response to a maximal exercise test and with the history (myocardial infarction - MI, typical or atypical angina pectoris -AP).The sensitivity and specificity of exercise ECG were similar in males and females.False negative ECG responses were frequent in males (40%) and false positive ECG responses were frequent in females (38%).This difference between sexes was essentially due in our patients to the higher prevalence of CHD in males (80%) than in females (43%).In the absence of a previous MI, a history of typical AP was associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in 94% of males and 62% of females.Atypical AP was rarely associated with CHD (18%
Motor Vehicle-Related Burns
Authors: Barry G. King
Journal: JAMA (1974)

While the motor vehicle is not generally recognized by the public as a source of burn injuries, safety researchers have estimated that 3,500 people die yearly in motor vehicle accidents accompanied by fire, 1 while another 100,000 are burned and survive. 2 It is unknown how many burns occur nationally in or around the stationary vehicle.  In a review of the records at the Galveston Shriners Burns Institute from 1966 to 1973, it was found that the motor vehicle was the causative or contributing factor in 3% of the general burn population. The vast majority of these burns were attributed to either gasoline spillage in a moving vehicular accident, or to the unattended small child playing with matches in a stationary vehicle. A common feature that increased the morbidity and mortality in the moving- and stationary-vehicle fire accidents was their occurrence in a confined space.  Children who were burned while
LEFT VENTRICULAR GLOBAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN CORRELATES TO DIASTOLIC FUNCTION AND REDUCED EXERCISE CAPACITY IN PATIENTS WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Nina E. Hasselberg, Kristina Haugaa, Sebastian I. Sarvari, Lars Gullestad, Arne K. Andreassen, Thor Edvardsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Potent inhibition of heterotopic ossification by nuclear retinoic acid receptor-γ agonists
Authors: Kengo Shimono, Wei-en Tung, Christine Macolino, Amber Hsu-Tsai Chi, Johanna H Didizian, Christina Mundy, Roshantha A Chandraratna, Yuji Mishina, Motomi Enomoto-Iwamoto, Maurizio Pacifici, Masahiro Iwamoto
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Pelvic Tumour Complicating Pregnancy
Authors: P. Horrocks
Journal: BMJ (1886)

THE BRTISH MEDICAL JOUBNAL. 441 and by Schill and Fischer (Mittheilungen aus dem Kaiserliek&en Gemund- heitsamte, Band ii, p. 133.Berlin, 1884), who dried phthisical sputum, and, on using it for inoculating guinea-pigs, found it still active after the lapse of thirteen weeks.After twenty-five weeks, the same specimen had lost its activity, two guinea-pigs inoculated with it remaining healthy.Another specimen, found active after thirteen ,:eeks, had diminished in activity after twenty weeks, only two out of three guinea-pigs becoming tubercular after inoculation ; and had still further diminished after twenty-six weeks, only one guinea-pig out of three being affected.Finally, after thirty-two weeks, it became inactive, four guinea-pigs inoculated with it all remaining sound.In most cases of phthisis, the sputum contains tubercle-bacilli, often in great numbers, and usually in the spore-bearing condition.This was very clearly shown by Dr. Gaffky (Mitth.aus dem K. Gesund.Berlin, 1884), who examined the sputum daily in twelve cases of phthisis.The sputum was examined 982 times.Tubercle-bacilli were found 938 not found 44Thus, the result was positive in 95.5 per cent.and negative in only 4.5, although, on each day, only one cover-glass preparation was examined.The spores retain their vitality, and remain capable of growing and producing tubercle-bacilli, for a period of at least three months, pro- vided only they meet with suitable conditions.It is important, therefore, with a view to checking this wide-spread dissemination of tubercle-spores, to take measures to disinfect phthisical sputum.With the purpose of ascertaining the most suitable method of effecting this object, Drs.Schill and Fischer carried out a series of experi- ments in the Hygienic Laboratory in Berlin (Afitth.aus demK.Gesund.Berlin, 1884).Corrosive sublimate, thymol, iodoform, arsenious acid, iodine, and carbolic acid, were employed among other things, and the most suitable was found to be a 5 per cent.solution of car-
Brown Recluse Spider Bites: Stay Cool
Authors: Lloyd E. King
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The recommended therapy for brown recluse (BR) spider bites in the southeastern United States remains controversial.1Because many bites are unremarkable,2some authors recommend no treatment. Intralesional or systemic corticosteroids with or without concurrent antibiotics have been used to treat BR bites.2,3Many surgeons prefer early surgical excision of serious bites.3We also found that BR bites are often unremarkable and heal without incident. Our findings in 31 patients with severe BR bites treated with either immediate surgical excision or dapsone1and delayed surgical excision, if required, were unequivocal. Immediate surgical excision of BR bite sites resulted in more complications than did the use of dapsone with or without delayed excision or repair.  When the historical and clinical data from these patients with BR bites1,4were collected, we found the following: (1) Heat was commonly being recommended as adjunctive therapy for
Social Catastrophe: Orphaned by AIDS-Reply
Authors: Carol Levine
Journal: JAMA (1993)

ABSTRACT In Reply. —We commend the Families' and Children's AIDS Network in Chicago, Ill, for its foresight in addressing the needs of surviving children and new guardians. In New York, NY, the Child Welfare Administration's Early Permanency Planning Project has a similar goal: to identify foster parents for children who will survive their mother's death and to establish close relationships while the mother is still alive. Local efforts like the Second Family Program are urgently needed, in addition to state and federal initiatives.We also support Dr Clever's call for effective HIV prevention programs for women. Nevertheless, even if such programs were to be implemented and to reduce transmission rates significantly, the impact on the numbers of motherless children and teenagers in our study would be minimal. Most of the children we describe already have HIV-infected mothers. We believe that the growing numbers of these youth and their unmet needs warrant
1042-85 Tumor necrosis factor-α blockade: A key inhibition to modulate the inflammatory response in patients with unstable angina?
Authors: Vittoria Rizzello, Giovanna Liuzzo, Luigi M Biasucci, Salvatore Brugaletta, Graziana Trotta, Annabella Procoli, Sonia Iacovella, Antonino Buffon, Antonio G Rebuzzi, Filippo Crea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
IMMUNOLOGICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS TO SENSITIZATION WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
Authors: Jack R. Battisto, Merrill W. Chase
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Guinea pigs fed picryl chloride to induce specific immunologic unresponsiveness cleared small amounts of venously infused antipicryl antibody at a rate equal to that of normal guinea pigs. Catabolism of passively administered picryl-specific antibody did not alter the unresponsive state of picryl chloride-fed guinea pigs or the responsive state of normal guinea pigs. Lymphoid cells of picryl chloride immunized guinea pigs produced equal amounts of picryl-specific antibody in picryl chloride-fed and normal animals. Allergen-fed guinea pigs remained unresponsive to attempted sensitization with the allergen in excess of 10 months after the final feeding, though some became feebly sensitive between 9 and 11 months. Second attempts to make unresponsive animals hypersensitive were unsuccessful. White blood cells of guinea pigs unresponsive to picryl chloride were unable to transfer delayed-type hypersensitivity for picryl chloride to normal recipients yet readily transferred tuberculin hypersensitivity.
Isotope Technics in Clinical Cardiology
Authors: WILLIAM D. LOVE
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Scans of the cardiac blood pool are of practical value and are being widely used. Simple methods of measuring cardiac output and blood volume are available, but they have not yet been exploited by clinicians. With the rapid advances in nuclear technology, practical and innocuous methods for measuring regional blood flow in the heart and other areas will probably become available in the near future. Such methods will undoubtedly be used by clinical investigators. Their widespread clinical application will depend on whether or not they provide a practical way of solving a recognized medical problem.
The Plutonium Controversy
Authors: Carl J. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  May I draw attention to an apparent discrepancy of some importance between a conclusion drawn by Dr Herbert L. Volchok (236:2941,1976) and results of my own study?1  Dr Volchok implies that there is a rapid decrease in the risk to health of residents of areas contaminated with plutonium due to movement of plutonium down into the  column resulting in less plutonium being available to forces of resuspension with time, therefore decreasing potential human exposure. He cites unpublished data (P. W. Krey) concerning soil contamination around the Rocky Flats plant.  We conducted a survey of off-site land near the Rocky Flats plant in 1975 and found levels of plutonium as high as 170 disintegrations per minute per gram (80 pCi/g) in the respirable dust on the surface of the soil on land that has been proposed for residential development. While there may be a movement of
THE ALLEGED SYNERGISM OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE AND MORPHIN
Authors: HARRY BECKMAN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

During the last few years, considerable clinical literature has appeared on the subject of the synergism of magnesium sulphate and morphin. A complete review of these papers is not necessary here, since practically all the writers interpret their findings on the basis of (1) a misunderstanding, and (2) a false conception.  THE MISUNDERSTANDING  This misunderstanding lies in the fact that sincere but entirely inadequate animal and human experimental work has been accepted as proving that such a synergism exists, whereas careful and thoroughly scientific studies have shown that this simply is not true at all. The belief in this synergism originated with Gwathmey who, in 1921, proposed the conversion of colonic anesthesia, as previously developed by him, into synergistic analgesia by making use of the synergistic effects of magnesium sulphate and morphin when the two drugs are injected hypodermically prior to the introduction of the ether-oil mixture into the colon.
Multiple Catheterization of the Right Side of the Heart
Authors: Roger H. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The case report by Chaplin, et al (<b>208</b>:1700, 1969) should not be considered satisfying without clear delineation of the presumed cardiac defect. The use of any of several indicators during catherization of the right side of the heart would readily determine whether a shunt was present. Although a second study would have been required, it seems that ought to be possible when four research grants are applied by five authors to a single case report.
Hyperbaric Oxygen in Patients with Venoarterial Shunts
Authors: N. M. Nelson, E. O. R. Reynolds
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

OXYGEN under increased pressure has been used in cardiac surgery1 , 2 and in the treatment of a variety of conditions, including the respiratory-distress syndrome of the newborn infant,3 , 4 anaerobic infections5 and tissue ischemia6 and in the radiotherapy of tumors7 although the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen in most of these diseases remains to be proved. The principle behind treatment with oxygen under pressure is to produce a high arterial oxygen tension (PaO2 ). The large increase in PaO2 that occurs in hyperbaric oxygen when the circulation is normal has been measured,8 but the influence of venoarterial shunts on . . .
Early Recollections and Life of Dr. James Still 1812-1885
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The son of liberated slaves, a "doctor" by courtesy only, James Still wrote in 1877 a fascinating autobiography that serves as important primary source material for both social and medical history of the United States. His parents were desperately poor. James, born in New Jersey in 1812, grew up accustomed to hard work. Although exposed to only minimal formal education, he was ambitious, energetic, and able. He had always wanted to be a physician but the closest he could get to realizing his ambition was to become a "herb doctor." Since he had no license to practice medicine, he could not legally charge patients for medical advice, but he could sell his medicines—a position somewhat analogous to the 16th and 17th century British apothecary. He enjoyed a very active practice, and a lucrative one, too, so that he became quite prosperous. For the social historian the book presents vividly the
Long-term outcome with pentostatin treatment in hairy cell leukemia patients. A French retrospective study of 238 patients
Authors: F Maloisel, L Benboubker, M Gardembas, B Coiffier, M Divine, C Sebban, M Blanc, J-F Abgrall, P Lederlin, J-L Harousseau, A-M Blaise, B Grosbois, P Morice, C Ghandour, S Castaigne
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Alpha- and beta-adrenergic-receptor systems in bronchial asthma and in subjects without asthma: Reduced mononuclear cell beta-receptors in bronchial asthma
Authors: Toshio Sato, Againdra K. Bewtra, Russell J. Hopp, Nicki Nair, Robert G. Townley
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1990)
Otology — Acute Middle-Ear Disease
Authors: Robert L. Goodale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THIS progress report emphasizes the growing interest in acute secretory otitis media, with special reference to the preservation of hearing, and clarifies its differentiation from acute suppurative otitis media.In 1869 Politzer1 gave his first clear description of acute secretory or, as it is sometimes called, acute catarrhal otitis media. The condition has been well known ever since then, and textbooks have clearly defined and differentiated this disease from acute suppurative otitis media. However, only a few studies were made in this country until 1940. This date coincided with a growing awareness that acute secretory otitis media was on the . . .