tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of montelukast (MK-0476); a potent cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, on bronchodilation in asthmatic subjects treated with and without inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: T. F. Reiss, C. A. Sorkness, W. Stricker, A. Botto, W. W. Busse, S. Kundu, J. Zhang
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Cysteinyl leukotriene release in association with airway inflammation is a feature of clinical asthma. The acute effects of montelukast (MK-0476), a potent, orally administered, specific cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, on airways obstruction was assessed in patients with mild to moderately severe asthma. METHODS: Twenty two asthmatic subjects were randomised to receive montelukast, 100 mg or 250 mg, or placebo in a double blind, three period, crossover trial. Ten of the patients were using concomitant inhaled corticosteroids. RESULTS: Montelukast increased the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) from predose baseline values compared with placebo, the percentage point differences between montelukast and placebo being 8.6% (95% CI 3.6 to 13.6) and 8.5% (95% CI 3.5 to 13.5) for the 100 mg and 250 mg doses, respectively. CONCLUSION: Single oral doses of montelukast 100 mg and 250 mg produced significant increases in FEV1 irrespective of the concurrent use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthmatic subjects with airflow limitation.
Medical Device Regulation: An Introduction for the Practicing Physician
Authors: William H. Maisel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Patient care for the practicing physician increasingly relies on medical devices. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is responsible for the safety and effectiveness of medical devices in the United States. In addition to playing a role in the clinical use of devices, physicians may also participate in their design, production, use, and safety by expressing their need for certain products, by providing practical input and feedback into product design, by participating in device-related research, and by reporting device-related adverse events. Physicians should understand the rules that govern the approved and unapproved use of medical devices as well as device premarket evaluation and approval processes and device postmarket surveillance.
410 Altered TCR-mediated signalling in T cells from HCV-chronically infected patients
Authors: C. Nisii, M. Tempestilli, C. Agrati, F. Poccia, G. Tocci, A. Longo, G. D'Offizi, R. Tersigni, O. Lo Iacono, O. Franzese, G. Antonucci, G. Ippolito, A. Bertoletti, A. Oliva
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Role of the Nurse Practitioner in Mental Health Services
Authors: Deborah L. Casson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Most mental health clinicians would agree with Ms Lamberg's<sup>1</sup>view that an integrated approach of both medication and psychotherapy usually results in the optimal delivery of mental health services. However, one concept is erroneous and is in need of clarification: "Psychiatrists are the only mental health professionals trained to take a medical history and carry out a comprehensive medical differential diagnosis and evaluation both before developing a treatment plan and while conducting psychotherapy." Nurse practitioners in psychiatry are licensed independently by the state to diagnose and treat mental illness as well as to evaluate psychopathology and prescribe appropriate medications. Terms of practice are defined in a collaborative agreement with a psychiatrist. In addition, nurse practitioners in psychiatry also develop modalities to address patients' deficiencies with interpersonal skills and psychosocial or psychoeducational needs that may impair attaining wellness.
Some factors influencing absorption rates of the digestion products of protein and carbohydrate from the proximal jejunum of man and their possible nutritional implications.
Authors: G C Cook
Journal: Gut (1974)

Progress reportSome factors influencing absorption rates of the digestion products of protein and carbohydrate from the proximal jejunum of man and their possible nutritional implications Ideal requirements of dietary energy (calories) and protein and its aminoacid ratio are difficult to determine'.At least one essential ingredient is frequently present in an inadequate concentration in the diet of a vast propor- tion of the world's human population.Ever since the demonstration in the early 1930s by Dr Cecily Williams that kwashiorkor is associated with a low protein intake and a low serum protein concentration, malnutrition in tropical countries has been considered to be entirely dietary in origin.Clearly that is an exaggerated view which has dominated the scene, and other factors, especially malabsorption of dietary constituents, are also important in the pathogenesis of malnutrition.In developing countries energy and protein are often present in low amounts in the average diet.For example, the majority of Zambian Africans live on a carbohydrate diet which contains a marginally adequate amount of protein.The staple diet in most areas is nshima, a porridge which is prepared from ground maize or millet2.Although childhood malnutrition there is very common, adults are usually moderately well nourished compared with those in many other tropical countries.Throughout this report, which deals with intestinal absorption of carbo- hydrates, amino acids and dipeptides, the technique used for measuring the proximal jejunal absorption rate in a 30-cm segment involves a doublelumen tube perfusion system, without proximal occlusion.The infused fluid was introduced into the jejunum at 12.0 ml min-l.Below that rate siphonage is difficult, and higher rates are undoubtedly unphysiological.Polyethylene glycol 4000 was used as a non-absorbable marker.Although the repro- ducibility of the method for solutes is good3 4'5 results for net water transfer are generally less exact.In most of the studies cited, the concentrations of mono-and disaccharides, amino acids and dipeptides in the perfusing fluid were probably greater than are likely to be present at the luminal surface of the enterocyte in the proximal jejunum of man, although there are very few data on that in vivo6.Whether or not absorption rates in the proximal jejunum bear a significant relationship to total absorption of dietary protein and carbohydrate is not entirely clear.A significant correlation has been demonstrated between the absorption rate of glucose from the proximal jejunum, and the weight of D-xylose excreted after a 25 g oral load7.Simi- larly, a significant correlation has been demonstrated between D-xylose 239 on July 17, 2023 by guest.
The Arg64 allele of the β3-adrenoceptor gene but not the −3826G allele of the uncoupling protein 1 gene is associated with increased leptin levels in the Spanish population
Authors: Joana Maria Ramis, José Luis González-Sánchez, Ana Marı́a Proenza, Marı́a Teresa Martı́nez-Larrad, Cristina Fernández-Pérez, Andreu Palou, Manuel Serrano-Rı́os
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
Letter: Ergotamine-induced headaches.
Authors: G Wainscott, G Volans, M Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1974)

revealed antibody and therefore a state of inm unity.The seronegative cases have re- main.dseronegaFive after Ig prophylaxis and have delivered normal children with no increased levels of IgM in the cord sample.On the other hand if seroconversion had occurred following the administration of Ig the patient and her medical practitioner could be advised accordingly, but this has not occurred in our experience.It would probably be preferable, as suggested by Drs.Forrest and Menser, to have an Ig preparation with a high antibody titre, but as this is not generally available and becaus,e there is some variation in the antibody titre of the normal pooled Ig product, we have used a large dose of 3 g administered in two separate doses.Though this is considerably greater than what is advocated we think it is justifiable in the circumtances.-Iam, etc.,
Targetoid Lesions in the Emergency Department—Quiz Case
Authors: Laura Melnick, Sara Samimi, David Elder, Xiaowei Xu, Carmela C. Vittorio, Misha Rosenbach, Karolyn A. Wanat
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

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Cutaneous vasculitis in a patient infected with hepatitis C virus. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in the skin by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: J.M. Durand, G Kaplanski, M.A. Richard, P. Lefevre, N. Quiles, C. Trepo, J. Soubeyrand
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Cutaneous vasculitis in a patient infected with hepatitis C virus. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in the skin by polymerase chain reaction Get access J.M. Durand, J.M. Durand Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de Sainte Marguerite, 270 Bd de Sainte Marguerite, 13274 Marseille, Cedex 9, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G Kaplanski, G Kaplanski Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de Sainte Marguerite, 270 Bd de Sainte Marguerite, 13274 Marseille, Cedex 9, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.A. Richard, M.A. Richard Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de Sainte Marguerite, 270 Bd de Sainte Marguerite, 13274 Marseille, Cedex 9, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Lefevre, P. Lefevre Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de Sainte Marguerite, 270 Bd de Sainte Marguerite, 13274 Marseille, Cedex 9, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Quiles, N. Quiles Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de Sainte Marguerite, 270 Bd de Sainte Marguerite, 13274 Marseille, Cedex 9, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Trepo, C. Trepo Hepatitis Laboratory, INSFERM‐U 271, 151 cours Albert‐Thomas, 69424 LyoN, Cedex 3, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Soubeyrand J. Soubeyrand Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de Sainte Marguerite, 270 Bd de Sainte Marguerite, 13274 Marseille, Cedex 9, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 128, Issue 3, 1 March 1993, Pages 359–360, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00189.x Published: 01 March 1993
Differential Regulation of Natriuresis by 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid in Human Salt-Sensitive Versus Salt-Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Cheryl L. Laffer, Michal Laniado-Schwartzman, Mong-Heng Wang, Alberto Nasjletti, Fernando Elijovich
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Twenty-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a cytochrome P450 metabolite of arachidonic acid that produces vasoconstriction and inhibition of renal tubular sodium transport. In Dahl rats, a 20-HETE deficiency plays a role in salt-sensitive (SS) hypertension. In humans, there are no data on regulation of 20-HETE by salt intake or on a role for this compound in SS hypertension.Thirteen salt-resistant (SR) and 13 SS hypertensive subjects had urine 20-HETE excretion measured during salt-loading and depletion. In all patients, 20-HETE was 66.6% higher in the salt-replete (1.75+/-0.25 micro g/h) than in the salt-depleted state (1.05+/-0.16, P<0.003). There was no difference in 20-HETE excretion between SR and SS patients in either state of salt balance. In SR patients, sodium excretion during salt-loading correlated with 20-HETE (r=0.61, P<0.03) but not with blood pressure. In contrast, in SS patients, sodium excretion did not correlate with 20-HETE but did correlate with blood pressure (r=0.66, P<0.02). Finally, in the SS group only, there was a negative correlation between body mass index and 20-HETE excretion (r=-0.79, P<0.002) that was present during both salt-loading and depletion.We demonstrate for the first time that 20-HETE excretion is regulated by salt intake in hypertension. We find a disrupted relationship between sodium excretion and 20-HETE in SS patients, which results in dependence of their salt excretion on blood pressure and may be related to the magnitude of their obesity. We conclude that salt-sensitivity of blood pressure in essential hypertension may result from impairment of a natriuretic mechanism dependent on 20-HETE.
Prospective comparison of radial and linear endoscopic ultrasound for diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis
Authors: T. Stevens, G. Zuccaro, J. Dumot, J. Vargo, M. Parsi, R. Lopez, H. Kirchner, E. Purich, D. Conwell
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Commentaire de travail de T. Stevens et al., pp. 836Endoscopy 2009; 41(10): 921-921DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306748
Intravenous diazepam and Cyclimorph.
Authors: A S Gardiner
Journal: BMJ (1978)

orthopaedic patients receiving antibiotics.' 2 The doubling of incidence of pseudomembranous colitis in Birmingham between 1976 and 1977 was probably due to increased diag- nostic vigilance.'The word "invariable" has no place in nosographic data processing and accordingly your statement that "diarihoea is invariable" requires scrutiny.While it is true that the colon is predominantly involved, the ileum can also, to a varying degree, be the seat of the disease.When the colon is completely spared -as in a recent case confirmed by necropsydiarrhoea can be absent.Clinically this case was dominated by abdominal pain, fever, and leucocytosis.A somewhat similar case was also reported recently.4In such cases sigmoido- scopic and proctoscopic examinations-usually useful methods for establishing the diagnosis- cannot be relied upon.Bearing in mind the topography of the pathological changes, I believe that diagnostic alertness might be enhanced by reverting to the original terminology-namely, pseudomembranous enterocolitis.
Multimodal Nanoprobes to target cerebrovascular amyloid in Alzheimer's disease brain
Authors: Kristen M. Jaruszewski, Geoffry L. Curran, Suresh K. Swaminathan, Jens T. Rosenberg, Samuel C. Grant, Subramanian Ramakrishnan, Val J. Lowe, Joseph F. Poduslo, Karunya K. Kandimalla
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
A new treatment strategy for hemophilia B: Incorporation of factor IX into red cell ghosts
Authors: Jonathan C. Goldsmith, Marjorie E. S. Roer, Eugene P. Orringer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract Although patients with severe hemophilia B have lifelong spontaneous hemorrhage and crippling hemarthroses, patients with 0.01–0.03 U/ml Factor IX activity have a milder disease state. The clinical condition of severely affected individuals could potentially be improved by prolonging the half‐life of transfused Factor IX. The feasibility of incorporating Factor IX into red cell ghosts was suggested by resealing experiments with similar sized molecules such as albumin. We have prepared resealed red cell ghosts containing human Factor IX and X. Human red cells were subjected to hypotonic lysis at 0°C, pH 6.0. Commercial prothrombin complex concentrate was dissolved in the lysing medium immediately prior to the addition of the red cells. After being returned to isotonicity, the red cell ghosts were annealed at 37°C for 30 minutes and then washed extensively. When intact red cell ghosts were tested, no Factor IX or X activity could be demonstrated. After disruption of the red cell ghost membranes with 3M urea or 2% Triton X–100, the procoagulants could be quantitatively recovered. Similar recovery of the clotting factors could be demonstrated from the lysate and the early wash samples. Red cells from Factor IX and X deficient patients served equally well as those from normal subjects. Red cell ghosts prepared in similar fashion but not exposed to the procoagulants had negligible clotting activity. We have demonstrated that human clotting factors can be incorporated into red cell ghosts. The ability of this system to prolong the biological half‐life of Factor IX is under investigation.
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is an acute-phase protein.
Authors: C Gabay, M F Smith, D Eidlen, W P Arend
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) levels are elevated in the blood of patients with a variety of infectious, immune, or traumatic conditions. To examine whether IL1Ra is produced by liver cells with characteristics resembling an acute-phase protein, human primary hepatocytes isolated from liver biopsies and HepG2 hepatoma cells were stimulated with IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNFalpha. IL-1Ra was present in the supernatants of both cells, with production significantly enhanced by IL-1beta, and by the combination of IL-1beta and IL-6. The term IL-1Ra refers to two different proteins encoded by the same gene, but generated by alternative splicing of two different first exons. One isoform is secreted (17-kD sIL-1Ra), and the other isoform remains in the cytoplasm (18-kD icIL-1Ra). By Western blot analysis, the supernatants of human hepatoma (HepG2) cells contained only sIL-1Ra, whereas the lysates contained a novel smaller molecular mass isoform of 16 kD. RT-PCR and ribonuclease protection assay with RNA from HepG2 cells showed that only sIL-1Ra mRNA was expressed, and confirmed the inducing effect of IL-1beta and IL-6. Transfection studies were performed using constructs containing the promoters of either sIL-1Ra or icIL-1Ra coupled to the luciferase reporter gene. The sIL-1Ra promoter was active in HepG2 cells stimulated by IL-1beta and/or IL-6, whereas the icIL-1Ra promoter was inactive. Mutation of binding sites for transcription factors NF-kappaB and/or C/EBP within the proximal sIL-1Ra promoter led to significant decreases in response to IL-1beta and IL-6 in comparison to the wild-type promoter. Electromobility gel shift assays confirmed the presence of NF-kappaB and C/EBP binding sites within the sIL-1Ra promoter, and indicated a significant increase in the binding activities of nuclear proteins from HepG2 cells treated with IL-1beta and IL-6. In summary, sIL-1Ra, but not icIL-1Ra, is produced by hepatocytes, and is regulated by proinflammatory cytokines as an acute-phase protein. In addition, NF-kappaB and C/EBP family members are likely to play important roles in the full expression of IL-1Ra by hepatocytes during inflammatory conditions.
1048. Gene-Enhanced Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Tendinitis
Authors: Alan J. Nixon, Jennifer L. Haupt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
INTRODUCTION

IGF-I improves tendon healing in vitro.1 Exogenous IGF-I improves healing of tendinitis lesions.2 Autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide a pool of pluripotent cells to enhance tendinitis repair. This study combined these two modalities by examining the therapeutic use of MSCs overexpressing IGF-I ligand.

METHODS

An adenoviral vector containing IGF-I (AdIGF-I) was assessed in MSCs to determine the optimal dose. MSC monolayers were transduced with AdIGF-I: 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 MOI. Monolayers were harvested on day 6 for analysis of IGF-I, collagen type I, and 18s mRNA. Two optimal viral doses were then assessed over time. Monolayers were harvested 2, 4, 8, 14, 21 and 28 days following transduction to determine gene expression of IGF-I, collagen type I, and 18S mRNA. Medium samples were utilized to determine IGF-I ligand levels.

RESULTS

MSCs transduced with adenoviral IGF-I expressed ligand at all experimental viral doses (Fig. 1). The optimal viral dose for enhanced IGF-I ligand production and minimal cytotoxic effects was 750 to 1000 MOI (Table 1). From the initial experiment, these two doses were examined over time. MSC expression of IGF-I message and ligand was significantly elevated in both viral doses, and remained significantly elevated throughout the course of 28 days in culture (Fig. 2). Medium IGF-I analysis confirmed therapeutic ligand levels. Collagen type I message was significantly elevated in the MSC cultures with AdIGF-I 48 hours post transduction.

DISCUSSION

MSCs produced therapeutic levels of ligand for 14 days following transduction. IGF-I tissue levels lag for 2 weeks following tendinitis injury.3 Utilizing MSCs as a vehicle for gene transfer and lesion healing is a logical therapeutic option; autogenous cell populations reduce immunoreactivity and extend ligand production. Adenoviral gene therapy in vivo avoids exogenous re-supplementation with recombinant IGF-I. Additionally, AdIGF-I transduced MSCs released IGF-I for 2 weeks, correlating to the initial phases of tendon healing. This study indicates AdIGF-I transduced mesenchymal stem cells may improve tendon healing.
A CASE OF PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE BILE DUCTS, WITH AUTOPSY.
Authors: B. O. Le BLANC
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —Mrs. H. B., aged 71, a rather spare person, active and energetic. <h3>History.</h3> —The patient had scarcely ever had a day's sickness in her life up to the present illness. The family history was excellent, except that one sister died of carcinoma of the uterus some years previously. The present illness began with malaise, slight jaundice, and an evening rise of temperature, about 100-101 F. This was treated as an ordinary catarrhal jaundice of malarial origin, but the symptoms gradually grew worse. Dr. A. A. Allain, of Bayou Goula, saw the patient at this time and recognized some serious trouble. I first saw her in consultation with him, then together throughout the case. <h3>Examination.</h3> —The skin was deeply jaundiced. Heart, lungs and kidneys were normal, but analysis revealed an abundance of bile in the urine. Microscopic examination of the urine showed only bile pigments, no blood. Liver dulness was
Absorption of Estrogens from Vaginal Creams
Authors: Lee A. Rigg, Harold Hermann, Samuel S. C. Yen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

INTRAVAGINAL application of estrogen-containing creams has been widely used in the treatment of vaginal atrophy and related conditions due to estrogen deficiency. Although its efficacy is well recognized,1 , 2 the assumed "topical" effect and the potential for absorption of estrogenic substances contained in the vaginal cream are virtually unexplored.Recent observations indicate that the efficacy of absorption of micronized 17β-estradiol yields blood estradiol levels 100 times higher when administered intravaginally in salines than when given by mouth.3 , 4 Moreover, the substantial intestinal conversion of estradiol to estrone, observed after oral administration of estradiol,3 is circumvented by intravaginal application. These findings prompted us . . .
LTP is accompanied by commensurate enhancement of auditory-evoked responses in a fear conditioning circuit
Authors: Michael T. Rogan, Joseph E. LeDoux
Journal: Neuron (1995)

Transmission of auditory information from the medial geniculate body to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala is believed to be involved in the conditioning of fear responses to acoustic stimuli. This pathway exhibits LTP of electrically evoked field potentials after high frequency stimulation of the medial geniculate body. High frequency stimulation of the medial geniculate body also results in a long-lasting potentiation of a field potential in the lateral amygdala elicited by a naturally transduced acoustic stimulus. This demonstrates that natural information processing can make use of the physiological mechanisms set in motion by LTP induction.