tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Course of Advanced Dementia
Authors: Susan L. Mitchell, Joan M. Teno, Dan K. Kiely, Michele L. Shaffer, Richard N. Jones, Holly G. Prigerson, Ladislav Volicer, Jane L. Givens, Mary Beth Hamel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Dementia is a leading cause of death in the United States but is underrecognized as a terminal illness. The clinical course of nursing home residents with advanced dementia has not been well described.We followed 323 nursing home residents with advanced dementia and their health care proxies for 18 months in 22 nursing homes. Data were collected to characterize the residents' survival, clinical complications, symptoms, and treatments and to determine the proxies' understanding of the residents' prognosis and the clinical complications expected in patients with advanced dementia.Over a period of 18 months, 54.8% of the residents died. The probability of pneumonia was 41.1%; a febrile episode, 52.6%; and an eating problem, 85.8%. After adjustment for age, sex, and disease duration, the 6-month mortality rate for residents who had pneumonia was 46.7%; a febrile episode, 44.5%; and an eating problem, 38.6%. Distressing symptoms, including dyspnea (46.0%) and pain (39.1%), were common. In the last 3 months of life, 40.7% of residents underwent at least one burdensome intervention (hospitalization, emergency room visit, parenteral therapy, or tube feeding). Residents whose proxies had an understanding of the poor prognosis and clinical complications expected in advanced dementia were much less likely to have burdensome interventions in the last 3 months of life than were residents whose proxies did not have this understanding (adjusted odds ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.04 to 0.37).Pneumonia, febrile episodes, and eating problems are frequent complications in patients with advanced dementia, and these complications are associated with high 6-month mortality rates. Distressing symptoms and burdensome interventions are also common among such patients. Patients with health care proxies who have an understanding of the prognosis and clinical course are likely to receive less aggressive care near the end of life.
Closing the Scientific Loop: Bridging Correlation and Causality in the Petaflop Age
Authors: Gary An
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

Advances in computing capability offer the biomedical research community the prospect of creating simulations at a previously unimaginable scale. A diagnostic analysis of the underpinnings of the translational dilemma suggests that the current high-throughput, data-rich research environment has led to an imbalance in the relationship between determinations of correlation and the evaluation of causality. Here I describe the use of high-performance computing technologies to facilitate high-throughput hypothesis evaluation combined with an evolutionary paradigm for the advancement of scientific knowledge. This combination provides a roadmap for closing the scientific loop between correlation and causality, a necessary step if translational endeavors are to succeed.
THERAPEUTIC USE OF THIORIDAZINE IN PREMATURE EJACULATION
Authors: HARBHAJAN SINGH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

Firstly, thioridazine's property of delaying ejaculation may prove of tremendous value in treatment of anxious and sexually insecure patients who gather many more problems consequent to the symptom of premature ejaculation. Secondly, I would like to emphasize the need for further research in this area.
Sinusitis In Latino Children Is Associated With Allergic Respiratory Diseases and Inversely Related To Native American Ancestry (GALA II Study)
Authors: Jennifer A. Regan, Joy Hsu, Elizabeth Nguyen, Lindsey Roth, Joshua Galanter, Sam Oh, Celeste Eng, Fred Lurmann, Rajesh Kumar, Harold J. Farber, Denise Serebrisky, Luisa Borrell, Saunak Sen, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Jose Rodriguez-Santana, Esteban Gonza Burchard, Pedro C. Avila
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Endovascular Repair of Aortic Aneurysm in Patients Physically Ineligible for Open Repair
Authors: Roger M. Greenhalgh, Janet T. Powell, David Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm was originally developed for patients who were considered to be physically ineligible for open surgical repair. Data are lacking on the question of whether endovascular repair reduces the rate of death among these patients.
Recommendations for Collection and Handling of Specimens From Group Breast Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Brian R. Leyland-Jones, Christine B. Ambrosone, John Bartlett, Matthew J.C. Ellis, Rebecca A. Enos, Adekunle Raji, Michael R. Pins, Jo Anne Zujewski, Stephen M. Hewitt, John F. Forbes, Mark Abramovitz, Sofia Braga, Fatima Cardoso, Nadia Harbeck, Carsten Denkert, Scott D. Jewell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Recommendations for specimen collection and handling have been developed for adoption across breast cancer clinical trials conducted by the Breast International Group (BIG)-sponsored Groups and the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored North American Cooperative Groups. These recommendations are meant to promote identifiable standards for specimen collection and handling within and across breast cancer trials, such that the variability in collection/handling practices that currently exists is minimized and specimen condition and quality are enhanced, thereby maximizing results from specimen-based diagnostic testing and research. Three working groups were formed from the Cooperative Group Banking Committee, BIG groups, and North American breast cancer cooperative groups to identify standards for collection and handling of (1) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue; (2) blood and its components; and (3) fresh/frozen tissue from breast cancer trials. The working groups collected standard operating procedures from multiple group specimen banks, administered a survey on banking practices to those banks, and engaged in a series of discussions from 2005 to 2007. Their contributions were synthesized into this document, which focuses primarily on collection and handling of specimens to the point of shipment to the central bank, although also offers some guidance to central banks. Major recommendations include submission of an FFPE block, whole blood, and serial serum or plasma from breast cancer clinical trials, and use of one fixative and buffer type (10% neutral phosphate-buffered formalin, pH 7) for FFPE tissue across trials. Recommendations for proper handling and shipping were developed for blood, serum, plasma, FFPE, and fresh/frozen tissue.
A Germline Mutation (A339V) in Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TITF-1/NKX2.1) in Patients With Multinodular Goiter and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Elly S. W. Ngan, Brian H. H. Lang, Tingting Liu, Cathy K. Y. Shum, Man-Ting So, Danny K. C. Lau, Thomas Y. Y. Leon, Stacey S. Cherny, Sophia Y. Tsai, Chung-Yau Lo, Ui-Soon Khoo, Paul K. H. Tam, Maria-Mercè Garcia-Barceló
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

The genetic factors that determine the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) remain undefined. Because thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is important to thyroid development, we evaluated whether the gene that encodes it, TITF-1/NKX2.1, is a genetic determinant of MNG/PTC predisposition. Twenty unrelated PTC patients with a history of MNG (MNG/PTC), 284 PTC patients without a history of MNG (PTC), and 349 healthy control subjects were screened for germline mutation(s) in TITF-1/NKX2.1 by sequencing of amplified DNA from blood. The effects of the mutation on the growth and differentiation of thyroid cells were demonstrated by ectopic expression of wild-type (WT) and mutant proteins in PCCL3 normal rat thyroid cells, followed by tests of cell proliferation, activation of cell growth pathways, and transcription of TTF-1 target genes. All statistical tests were two-sided. A missense mutation (1016C>T) was identified in TITF-1/NKX2.1 that led to a mutant TTF-1 protein (A339V) in four of the 20 MNG/PTC patients (20%). These patients developed substantially more advanced tumors than MNG/PTC or PTC patients without the mutation (P = .022, Fisher exact test). Notably, this germline mutation was dominantly inherited in two families, with some members bearing the mutation affected with MNG, associated with either PTC or colon cancer. The mutation encoding the A339V substitution was not found among the 349 healthy control subjects nor among the 284 PTC patients who had no history of MNG. Overexpression of A339V TTF-1 in PCCL3 cells, as compared with overexpression of WT TTF-1, was associated with increased cell proliferation including thyrotropin-independent growth (average A339V proliferation rate = 134.27%, WT rate = 104.43%, difference = 34.3%, 95% confidence interval = 12.0% to 47.7%, P = .010), enhanced STAT3 activation, and impaired transcription of the thyroid-specific genes Tg, TSH-R, and Pax-8. This is the first germline mutation identified in MNG/PTC patients. It could contribute to predisposition for MNG and/or PTC and to the pathogenesis of PTC.
2005 Association of American Physicians Presidential Address. Academia-industry collaboration: A dynamic partnership on behalf of patients
Authors: T. Yamada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Ladies and Gentleman, Colleagues, it is a great honor for me to address you today as the President of The Association of American Physicians. As I stand here, I am acutely aware of the storied 120-year history of our Association and humbled by the illustrious leaders of American medicine who have preceded me on this podium. In preparing for this day, I have had occasion to review the addresses of Presidents past and I asked myself what I could possibly add to the prescience and wisdom of the words already spoken. There are, of course, many topics of interest to me and, being an academic physician at heart, I am not without my opinions upon them. However, I have concluded that there is only one topic on which I might be somewhat uniquely qualified to comment from an informed point of view: the important interface between academia and industry.
Childhood Trauma, Dissociation, and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients With Conversion Disorder
Authors: V. Sar
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate dissociative disorder and overall psychiatric comorbidity in patients with conversion disorder. METHOD: Thirty-eight consecutive patients previously diagnosed with conversion disorder were evaluated in two follow-up interviews. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, the Dissociation Questionnaire, the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire were administered during the first follow-up interview. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders was conducted in a separate evaluation. RESULTS: At least one psychiatric diagnosis was found in 89.5% of the patients during the follow-up evaluation. Undifferentiated somatoform disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, dysthymic disorder, simple phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified were the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. A dissociative disorder was seen in 47.4% of the patients. These patients had dysthymic disorder, major depression, somatization disorder, and borderline personality disorder more frequently than the remaining subjects. They also reported childhood emotional and sexual abuse, physical neglect, self-mutilative behavior, and suicide attempts more frequently. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbid dissociative disorder should alert clinicians for a more chronic and severe psychopathology among patients with conversion disorder.
Prediction of asthma in symptomatic preschool children using exhaled nitric oxide, Rint and specific IgE
Authors: D. Caudri, A. H. Wijga, M. O. Hoekstra, M. Kerkhof, G. H. Koppelman, B. Brunekreef, H. A. Smit, J. C. de Jongste
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Rationale</h3> For clinicians it remains very difficult to predict whether preschool children with symptoms suggestive of asthma will develop asthma in later childhood. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether measurement of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FE<sub>NO</sub>), interrupter resistance (Rint) or specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in 4-year-old children with suggestive symptoms can predict asthma symptoms up to age 8 years. <h3>Methods</h3> Children were recruited from the PIAMA birth cohort. All children with symptoms suggestive of asthma at age 3 or 4 years, who were invited for medical examination at age 4 (n=848), were eligible. Associations of FE<sub>NO</sub> (n=308), Rint (n=482) and specific IgE (n=380) at 4 years with wheezing and asthma at the ages of 5–8 years were assessed using repeated measurement analyses. The added predictive value of these objective tests was then investigated by including parameters for clinical history in the model. <h3>Results</h3> FE<sub>NO</sub> and specific IgE measured at 4 years were associated with wheezing and asthma at 8 years. Both tests also remained significant predictors after mutual adjustment and adjustment for clinical history: OR on wheezing at 8 years for FE<sub>NO</sub> (<sup>10</sup>log-scale, per IQR) 1.6 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.2) and for specific IgE 2.8 (95% CI 1.9 to 4.1). Rint was significantly associated with wheezing at age 6, but not at 7 and 8 years. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In preschool children with symptoms suggestive of asthma, both FE<sub>NO</sub> and specific IgE measured at age 4, but not Rint, improved the prediction of asthma symptoms until the age of 8 years, independent of clinical history.
Distinguishing between acts and patterns
Authors: Eliot Shimoff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The costliness of disrupting a pattern may not be a useful criterion for distinguishing between acts and patterns; there are instances in which omitted components of patterns are hard to detect (e.g., typographical errors), or in which distortions are easily introduced (e.g., slurred words in a trite phrase). Are there behavioral criteria for distinguishing between acts and patterns?
Impaired immune function in hemophilia patients treated exclusively with cryoprecipitate: Relation to duration of treatment
Authors: Shimon Pollack, Dina Atias, Galina Yoffe, Rina Katz, Yael Shechter, Ilana Tatarsky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Recently, abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity were found in hemophiliac patients receiving factor VIII concentrate therapy. Contradictory results were reported concerning cellular immune functions in hemophiliacs treated only with cryoprecipitate or fresh frozen plasma. Therefore, we evaluated the immunological status of 15 Israeli patients with severe classic hemophilia-A who were treated only with cryoprecipitate and never exposed to factor VIII concentrate whether of commercial source or blood bank prepared. As a group, only mildly depressed cellular immune functions and slight reduction in the helper to suppressor cell ratio were found. However, when patients treated more than 15 years were analyzed separately, a significant reduction in proportion of T cells, T-helper cells, helper to suppressor ratio, and proliferative response to phytohemaglutinin and pokeweed mitogen were observed compared to patients treated for less than 15 years and normal controls. Proportion of T-suppressor cells, Con A-activated suppressor activity, and IgG and IgA levels were significantly elevated in patients treated for more than 15 years. These results may support the view that derangement of immune function in hemophiliacs results from infusion of foreign proteins or an ubiquitous virus rather than contracting AIDS infectious agent.
PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AMONG NEGROES: A SOCIOLOGICAL NOTE
Authors: R. A. SCHERMERHORN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

Full-scale comparison of Negro and white mental patients is not possible today because the federal statistics take no account of race. Earlier studies of limited populations were partially vitiated by racist interpretations or by limited samples. Malzberg's study of over 20 years ago is still our most accurate basis of comparison; there is need for a replication of this study today for an analysis of changing trends. Wartime researches have shown results similar to those of Malzberg, but they lack systematic character. There are pitfalls in accepting many of these comparative studies at face value; to avoid these difficulties it is shown that their incorporation of certain common assumptions makes their interpretation questionable without proper sociological analysis. Where 2 racial populations are compared in terms of social variables, it is relevant to note 3 major assumptions: (1) That Negro and white populations may be considered essentially alike except for the variables in question; (2) that the experiential meaning of these variables is culturally equivalent in both groups; and (3) that consideration of each variable by itself, rather than a specially organized cluster of variables as a unique constellation may be the relevant factor. Illustrations of the uniqueness of the Negro's social environment are given to clarify the theoretical issues. In conclusion it is noted that inadequate appreciation of the sociological dimensions in the differential racial environments may lead the researcher or clinician to overlook variations in the development of the personality with consequent difficulties in assessing etiological factors, accurate diagnosis, or therapeutic proceedings.
Abnormal Fatty Acid Metabolism in Peripheral Nerves of Patients with Pernicious Anemia
Authors: Eugene P. Frenkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Fatty acid synthesis from radiopropionate was evaluated in sural nerve biopsy slices from five normal controls and nine patients with pernicious anemia. The nerves were incubated in [(14)C]propionate, the lipids were extracted, and the fatty acid methyl esters were chromatographed by gas-liquid chromatography. In the normal nerves the radiolabel was found primarily in short chain (C12 and C14) fatty acids. The nerves from pernicious anemia patients showed two fatty acids peaks that were not discernible in the normal nerves, and these fatty acids had retention times intermediate to those of myristic (C14.0) and palmitic (C16.0) acids and palmitoleic (C16.1) and stearic (C18.0) acids, respectively. These two peaks (a C15 and C17 fatty acid) contained the bulk of the radioactivity recovered in the fatty acid fraction after incubation with [(14)C]propionate. Catalytic reduction and rechromatography failed to alter the retention time of these compounds suggesting that they are not unsaturated fatty acids. The nerves from the pernicious anemia patients had a decrease in the mean content of normal fatty acids when compared with the nerves from control patients as well as a decrease in the mean synthesis of normal fatty acids as estimated by isotope incorporation after incubation with [(14)C]propionate or (3)H(2)O. Analysis of myelin isolated from the nerves indicated that the changes at least in part were in that fraction.
Replacement therapy of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Reversal of protease-antiprotease imbalance within the alveolar structures of PiZ subjects.
Authors: J E Gadek, H G Klein, P V Holland, R G Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The emphysema associated with the inherited serum deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin appears to result from an imbalance between neutrophil elastase and its major inhibitor within the alveolar structures. In the present study we assessed the feasibility of reversing this biochemical defect within the lung via parenteral replacement therapy with an alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrate of normal plasma. A 20--40% polyethylene glycol precipitate of pooled human donor plasma was used to obtain an enriched alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrate devoid of hepatitis B antigen and immunoglobulins. Using this material, five individuals with severe serum alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ phenotype) and advanced emphysema received 4 g of alpha 1-antitrypsin intravenously at weekly intervals for four doses. During this period of weekly replacement therapy alpha 1-antitrypsin serum levels were maintained at greater than or equal to 70 mg/dl, the level likely required for effective antielastase protection of the lung. In addition, assessment of lower respiratory tract antielastase activity by bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated that parenteral replacement of alpha 1-antitrypsin resulted in establishment of effective antielastase activity within the alveolar structures. There were no untoward side effects consequent to this approach to the replacement therapy of alpha 1-antitrypsin. These results demonstrate that the parenteral replacement of alpha 1-antitrypsin provides a means of obtaining elastase-antielastase balance within the lung of individuals with this serum protease inhibitor deficiency.
Omalizumab And The Induction Of Tolerance To Cow'S Milk Proteins In Children At High Risk Of Anaphylaxis
Authors: A.M. Plaza-Martin, M.T. Giner-Muñoz, O. Dominguez-Sanchez, M. Piquer-Gibert, M.A. Martin-Mateos
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Walter T. McNicholas
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<ROLE OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMA...CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN...EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONSIDERA...PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP-...OVERLAPPING MECHANISMS OF...FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTION...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 guideline update for the clinical application of echocardiography: summary article
Authors: Melvin D Cheitlin, William F Armstrong, Gerard P Aurigemma, George A Beller, Fredrick Z Bierman, Jack L Davis, Pamela S Douglas, David P Faxon, Linda D Gillam, Thomas R Kimball, William G Kussmaul, Alan S Pearlman, John T Philbrick, Harry Rakowski, Daniel M Thys, Elliott M Antman, Sidney C Smith, Joseph S Alpert, Gabriel Gregoratos, Jeffrey L Anderson, Loren F Hiratzka, David P Faxon, Sharon Ann Hunt, Valentin Fuster, Alice K Jacobs, Raymond J Gibbons, Richard O Russell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
HDMCP uncouples yeast mitochondrial respiration and alleviates steatosis in L02 and hepG2 cells by decreasing ATP and H2O2 levels: A novel mechanism for NAFLD
Authors: Xi Jin, Yi-da Yang, Kun Chen, Zhi-yuan Lv, Lin Zheng, Ya-ping Liu, Shao-hua Chen, Chao-hui Yu, Xue-yuan Jiang, Cheng-yu Zhang, You-ming Li
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)