tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3751: Clinical correlation between Cyclin D1, pAKT, and FOXO1A in African American and Latino Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Jane Lee, Yanyuan Wu, Marianna Sarkissyan, Yayha Elshimali, Jaydutt V. Vadgama
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer amongst women and is the seventh highest cause of death in this population in the United States. Statistics indicate that minority and underserved populations have worse overall survival from breast cancer. Clinical data from our laboratory have shown that African American and Latino breast cancer patients with HER2/neu overexpression and high pAKT have poor outcomes. In vitro data on breast cancer cells have shown that Cyclin D1 is up-regulated by the PI3K/AKT pathway, while the FOXO1A transcription factor is down-regulated. Hence, the purpose of our current study was to evaluate clinical correlation between pAKT, Cyclin D1, and FOXO1A in tissues from the same patient. We used the same cohort of patients from our previous study. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin tissues from African American and Latino women with breast cancer. Results indicate that patients with HER2/neu overexpression were likely to be Cyclin D1 positive. In addition, those with high pAKT were also Cyclin D1 positive, thus indicating that HER2/neu overexpression might be associated with increase in Cyclin D1 and pAKT. Interestingly, breast tumors with high pAKT and low FOXO1A were also Cyclin D1 positive. In summary, immunohistochemical analysis and subsequent correlation of biomarkers associated with the HER2-PI3/AKT pathway, that include pAKT, Cyclin D1 and FOXO1 may provide better assessment of clinical outcome of breast cancer patients and therefore better target therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3751.
Monounsaturated Fat–Rich Diet Prevents Central Body Fat Distribution and Decreases Postprandial Adiponectin Expression Induced by a Carbohydrate-Rich Diet in Insulin-Resistant Subjects
Authors: Juan Antonio Paniagua, Antonio Vidal-Puig
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We thank Walker and O’Dea (1) for their interest in our study, wherein we have shown that when centrally overweight insulin-resistant subjects (offspring of obese and type 2 diabetic patients) are subjected to a short-term, weight-maintenance, carbohydrate-enriched diet, they redistribute their fat mass toward the abdominal fat depot (2). Walker and O’Dea (1) raised the concern that in our study, no significant differences in body weight and body fat distribution were observed when subjects were fed isocaloric diets enriched either with monounsaturated (MUFA) …
Cardiac Hemodynamics in Alcoholic Heart Disease
Authors: LAWRENCE GOULD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Fifteen male patients with a long history of alcoholic intake underwent cardiac catheterization. At the time of the study the patients had been hospitalized for at least several weeks and were receiving nutritious diets. Clinically, all of the patients had normal cardiovascular findings and minimal or no liver disease. Six patients were found to have a high resting cardiac output, and nine patients were found to have a normal resting cardiac output. All of the patients had normal resting cardiac pressures. On exercise 13 of the patients showed a significant increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure. Further, five of the patients showed a fall in the stroke index on exercise. This abnormal exercise response, in chronic alcoholic patients without significant liver disease, indicates the presence of an impairment in cardiac function.
Suction blisters in bullous pemphigoid and other dermatoses
Authors: STANLEY COMAISH, EVA McVITTIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Separation of the epidermis from dermis to produce blisters by means of suction has been studied in relation to bullous pemphigoid and certain other skin disorders. There is a correlation between the time taken to produce blisters and the activity of pemphigoid and it is suggested that the technique can be of value in following the course of this disease and as a quantitative method for studying epidermodermal adherence in vivo.
Closed-Chest Cardiac Massage
Authors: Harry R. Hahn
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— I would like to inform your readers of a most fortuitous occurrence, i.e., the seemingly successful application of a new principle and technique immediately after studying about it. I had just finished my lunch hour reading the article Ventilation and Circulation with Closed-Chest Cardiac Massage in Man (Safar et al., JAMA176:574 [May 20] 1961) when there was a banging on the dispensary door, and I was presented with a drowned 20-month-old Iranian boy (weight 8.95 kg.), the second such case this past month. The circumstances surrounding his drowning are common here in Muslim Iran. Drowning is probably the commonest cause of accidental death in childhood, due to a plethora of pools in the courtyards, 3 hand spans deep (approximately 70 cm.), as according to the Koran, water is then considered pure and suitable for ablutions. His mother estimates it was 7 minutes from the time
Inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 tyrosine kinase activity as a therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma, other hematologic malignancies, and solid tumors
Authors: Constantine S Mitsiades, Nicholas S Mitsiades, Ciaran J McMullan, Vassiliki Poulaki, Reshma Shringarpure, Masaharu Akiyama, Teru Hideshima, Dharminder Chauhan, Marie Joseph, Towia A Libermann, Carlos Garcı́a-Echeverrı́a, Mark A Pearson, Francesco Hofmann, Kenneth C Anderson, Andrew L Kung
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
Report highlights obesity levels in Eastern Europe as affluence increases
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Eight out of 10 people in some parts of Eastern Europe are obese or pre-obese. The highest rates are in rural Slovakia, where 83% of women are obese or overweight, according to a new report ( Economics and Human Biology 2007;5:392-408).

“Obesity is no longer a phenomenon confined to wealthier parts of the world such as Western Europe but is increasingly found in the transition countries of the European Region,” say the authors. “Estimates of the costs to the health services and to economic productivity indicate that some countries may find it hard to cope with the burden of obesity.”

Adoption of Western diet and lifestyles are implicated, and the authors …
CURRENT ATTITUDES TO ALCOHOLISM OF PSYCHIATRISTS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Authors: MAX HAYMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

A questionnaire on alcoholism returned by members of the Southern California Psychiatric Society shows the following: 1. Almost half the respondents do not treat alcoholics. Almost half of those who do limit the number they treat. In approximate numbers, four-fifths treat 5 or fewer, a total of 55 alcoholics. Five-sixths had 10% or less alcoholics in practice. 2. The members show no enthusiasm over their therapeutic results. Over half have no recoveries whatever. Almost four-fifths of those with any success have 10% recovery or less. 3. An overwhelming majority of the respondents use psychological therapies in chronic alcoholism. 4. Three-quarters of the members are in private practice, the rest in hospitals and clinics. Treatment of alcoholics appears to be restricted almost entirely to hospital practice and a small group of private psychiatrists. 5. Almost two-fifths of psychiatrists do not know admission procedures to state hospitals, and three-fifths have never arranged admission. Two-fifths have had their patients refused admission to state hospitals. Over half consider admission procedures unsatisfactory. Over three-fifths approve of legal commitment for alcoholics, and three-fifths feel that treatment is helpful in committed patients. 6. Alcoholics Anonymous is approved by 99% of psychiatrists. Ninety-seven percent know their procedures, and 77% have referred patients to them. The results, however, they feel are only moderately good; that is, two-fifths remain abstinent for 1 year, one-fifth for 2 years, and one-tenth over 2 years. The respondents also feel that only half are well adjusted. 7. About two-fifths of the psychiatrists felt they had adequate facilities for private patients. Facilities for indigent patients are extremely meager. Three-tenths felt they had adequate hospital facilities, but just a handful felt they had adequate clinic or sanitarium facilities. Clinic and hospital facilities are most urgently needed. 8. Eighty-nine percent of psychiatrists are in favor of a clinic for alcoholics, and they feel that state, county, and community should support it. 9. Almost half feel that the Society should sponsor a clinic for alcoholics but both the assenters and dissenters agree on the role of the Society to the clinic, that is, advisory and consultative. 10. Thirty-five percent of the psychiatrists will contribute time to the clinic. Twenty-two percent will do this on a pay basis and 28% on a non-pay basis. 11. Almost half the psychiatrists felt that the clinic should be at the site of the greatest need. About one-fifth thought the clinic should be multiple and scattered in different communities, while the rest thought it should be most convenient to the psychiatrists.
Hormones, Retinoids, and Acne
Authors: Peter E. Pochi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

The treatment of most cases of acne presents no formidable problem. A variety of therapies, including topical preparations, such as benzoyl peroxide, vitamin A acid, and antibiotics, as well as oral antibiotics for the more inflammatory and extensive cases, allows satisfactory control in the vast majority of cases.1 In some patients, however, the acne shows little or no response to treatment, and in general these are the more severe cases.When a resistant case of acne is encountered in a woman, hyperandrogenism is often suspected. Such is likely to be the case if hirsutism, irregular menses, or other signs of . . .
Avian exposure and bronchogenic carcinoma.
Authors: A. J. Gardiner, B. A. Forey, P. N. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the association between bird keeping and risk of lung cancer. DESIGN--Case-control study asking detailed questions on exposure to domestic birds and other pets, smoking, and various demographic and potentially confounding variables. SETTING--District general hospital; current admissions interviewed in hospital or recent admissions interviewed at home. PATIENTS--143 patients with lung cancer, 143 controls with heart disease, and 143 controls with orthopaedic conditions individually matched for age, sex, date of admission, and current or past admission. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Odds ratios for lung cancer in relation to various aspects of bird keeping, after adjustment for smoking and other relevant confounding variables. RESULTS--Risk of lung cancer was not significantly associated with household exposure to pet birds at any time or at various specific periods in life, or to keeping large numbers of birds. For specific types of birds no association was seen for living in households with budgerigars or canaries but risk was significantly associated with keeping pigeons (odds ratio 3.53, 95% confidence interval 1.56 to 7.98). This remained significant after regression analysis to account for confounding variables (3.9, 1.2 to 12.62) in both sexes and all age groups. CONCLUSION--Bird keeping may confer some risk of lung cancer but the relation is not as strong as previously reported.
ABC of Sports Medicine: Management of the Acutely Injured Joint
Authors: J B King
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Reduction of dislocation or fracture * Only if there are no complications (for example, neurological damage) * Easier in recurrent dislocation * Essential if a fracture causes pressure on skin * Perform radiography afterwards to rule out fracture and (if there is no fracture, merely dislocation) to check whether reduction has been achieved * Limit mobility and protect to help joint heal * Exercise muscles across joint
Impact of Myocardial Salvage Assessed by 99mTc-Sestamibi Scintigraphy on Cardiac Autonomic Function in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Axel Bauer, Julinda Mehilli, Petra Barthel, Alexander Müller, Adnan Kastrati, Kurt Ulm, Albert Schömig, Marek Malik, Georg Schmidt
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
Inhibition of Converting Enzyme of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Kidneys and Hindlegs of Dogs
Authors: JAMES W. AIKEN, JOHN R. VANE
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

The activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme in hindlegs and kidneys was compared in anesthetized dogs. Intra-arterial injections of angiotensin I or angiotensin II to one kidney or one hindleg caused dose-dependent decreases in blood flow in that vascular bed. An inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity did not affect the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin II but substantially reduced that of angiotensin I. The reduction in vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin I during enzyme inhibition was used to calculate conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. There was 40% conversion in hindleg but only 2.1% in kidney. After intra-arterial injection of angiotensin I, bioassay of angiotensin II in the renal or iliac venous blood indicated that 60-90% of freshly formed angiotensin II was inactivated before leaving the kidney or hindleg. The results show that converting enzyme activity is much greater in hindlegs than in kidneys and that the endogenously formed angiotensin II following intra-arterial injection of angiotensin I is destroyed to the same extent as intra-arterially injected angiotensin II. Intra-arterial infusion of the enzyme inhibitor increased hindleg blood flow in half of the dogs; renal blood flow increased in only one dog. The inhibitor did not affect vascular responses produced by norepinephrine, histamine, vasopressin, or prostaglandin F 2α but the effects of bradykinin were potentiated.
Calcium- and Protein Kinase C–Dependent Activation of the Tyrosine Kinase PYK2 by Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: Abdelkarim Sabri, Geetha Govindarajan, Tina M. Griffin, Kenneth L. Byron, Allen M. Samarel, Pamela A. Lucchesi
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth by activating G q -protein–coupled AT 1 receptors, which leads to elevation of cytosolic Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinases. To assess the link between these Ang II–induced signaling events, we examined the effect of Ang II on the proline-rich tyrosine kinase (PYK2), previously found to be activated by a variety of stimuli that increase [Ca 2+ ] i or activate PKC. PYK2 distribution was demonstrated in rat aortic tissue and in cultured VSMC by immunohistochemistry, revealing a cytosolic distribution distinct from smooth muscle α-actin, focal adhesion kinase, or paxillin. The involvement of PYK2 in Ang II signaling was measured by immunoprecipitation and immune complex kinase assays. Treatment of quiescent VSMC with Ang II resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent increase in PYK2 tyrosine phosphorylation and kinase activity in PYK2 immunoprecipitates. PYK2 phosphorylation was inhibited by AT 1 receptor blockade and was attenuated by downregulation of PKC or the chelation of [Ca 2+ ] i . Treatment with either phorbol ester or Ca 2+ ionophore also increased PYK2 phosphorylation, suggesting that PKC activation and/or increased [Ca 2+ ] i are both necessary and sufficient to activate PYK2. Activation of PYK2 by Ang II was also associated with increased PYK2- src complex formation, suggesting that PYK2 activation represents a potential link between Ang II-stimulated [Ca 2+ ] i and PKC activation with downstream signaling events such as mitogen-activated protein kinase activation involved in the regulation of VSMC growth.
Breast Implant Foreign Body Reaction Mimicking Breast Cancer Recurrence on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Gary A. Ulaner, Gabriella D’Andrea, Hiram S. Cody
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A woman with bilateral breast cancer treated with bilateral mastectomies, implant reconstructions, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy underwent FDG PET/CT imaging. Imaging demonstrated sternal, nodal, and lung lesions which were stable or slowly increasing, as well as a parasternal chest wall mass which was enlarging much more rapidly and was excised. Pathology of the chest wall mass demonstrated only benign soft tissue with fat necrosis and foreign body giant cell reaction, without evidence of malignancy or implant rupture. This case demonstrates how a benign FDG-avid foreign body reaction, induced by an intact breast prosthesis, could easily be mistaken for malignancy.
The diversification of plant cytosolic small heat shock proteins preceded the divergence of mosses
Authors: E. R. Waters, E. Vierling
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

A cDNA library was constructed with mRNA isolated from heat-stressed cell cultures of Funaria hygrometrica (Bryophyta, Musci, Funariaceae). cDNA clones encoding six cytosolic small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) were identified using differential screening. Phylogenetic analysis of these sHSP sequences with other known sHSPs identified them as members of the previously described higher plant cytosolic class I and II families. Four of the F. hygrometrica sHSPs are members of the cytosolic class I family, and the other two are members of the cytosolic class II family. The presence of members of the cytosolic I and II sHSP families in a bryophyte indicates that these gene families are ancient, and evolved at least 450 MYA. This result also indicates that the plant sHSP gene families duplicated much earlier than did the well-studied phytochrome gene family. Members of the cytosolic I and II sHSP families are developmentally regulated in seeds and flowers in higher plants. Our findings show that the two cytosolic sHSP families evolved before the appearance of these specialized structures. Previous analysis of angiosperm sHSPs had identified class- or family-specific amino acid consensus regions and determined that rate heterogeneity exists among the different sHSP families. The analysis of the F. hygrometrica sHSP sequences reveals patterns and rates of evolution distinct from those seen among angiosperm sHSPs. Some, but not all, of the amino acid consensus regions identified in seed plants are conserved in the F. hygrometrica sHSPs. Taken together, the results of this study illuminate the evolution of the sHSP gene families and illustrate the importance of including representatives of basal land plant lineages in plant molecular evolutionary studies.
Different hepatitis B virus core gene mutations in children with chronic infection and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Y-H Ni
Journal: Gut (2002)

<b>Background:</b> The significance of mutations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore/core antigen in causing persistent infection and subsequent liver diseases is debatable. <b>Aim:</b> To investigate HBV core gene sequence changes in children with chronic HBV infection and their implications in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). <b>Methods:</b> Thirty one chronic HBV infected children with documented hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion selected from 415 long term carrier children and 12 HBV related HCC children were studied. Four serial serum samples before and after hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion from each of the 31 children, and one serum sample taken from the 12 HCC children were subjected to HBV core gene sequence analysis. <b>Results:</b> Mutations accumulated as chronic infection persisted and most frequently occurred at core gene codon 21 (29%), codon 147 (29%), codon 65 (16%), and precore stop codon 28 (74%) in the 31 chronic HBV infected children. Core gene mutation sites in HCC children were identified at core codons 74, 87, and 159. HCC children had more mutations in the core gene than those with chronic HBV infection (p=0.013). <b>Conclusion:</b> Accumulation of mutations of HBV core region in HCC children differ from those in chronic HBV infected children. This may be a clue to the pathogenesis of paediatric HCC.
The Propriety, Indications and Methods for the Termination of Pregnancy.
Authors: Henry W. Cattell
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Philadelphia, Nov. 25, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is with regret that I notice inThe Journal, November 19, an article with the above title. During my service of nearly three years as senior coroner's physician of Philadelphia, I made thirty-three autopsies on those whose death resulted from abortion produced (1) accidentally, (2) by their own hands, or (3) by others for money. Since May of the present year there have been eighteen different persons brought to the bar of justice by the proper authorities for performing criminal abortion, and there are a number of others suspected of carrying on this nefarious business who are now under police surveillance or whose records are being looked up by a committee recently appointed by the Philadelphia County Medical Society to aid the proper officials in collecting evidence against, and in securing the conviction of, criminal abortionists. With this short preface, and now
Expression of apomucins in the intrahepatic biliary tree in hepatolithiasis differs from that in normal liver and extrahepatic biliary obstruction
Authors: Motoko Sasaki, Yasuni Nakanuma, Young S. Kim
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Mucin plays an important role in the development of hepatoliths, which are formed within the intrahepatic large bile ducts. To date, eight apomucins, components of mucin, have been identified. The purpose of this study is to characterize the expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC5, and MUC6 apomucins at both the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the intrahepatic large bile ducts and peribiliary glands in 36 livers from patients with hepatolithiasis, in 25 livers from the patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction, and in 23 histologically-normal livers. MUC3 and MUC6 were constantly and focally expressed, respectively, in the biliary epithelial cells in the intrahepatic large bile ducts in normal livers, extrahepatic biliary obstruction, and, also, hepatolithiasis. In hepatolithiasis, MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5 apomucins were also focally expressed in 33%, 64%, and 89%, respectively, of the large intrahepatic bile ducts examined, whereas such expression was infrequent in normal livers and in extrahepatic biliary obstruction. The markedly proliferated intramural and extramural peribiliary glands in hepatolithiasis frequently expressed MUC3 and MUC6 apomucins and focally expressed MUC2 and MUC5 apomucins. All of the apomucins mRNA expression, except that of MUC1, resembled each protein expression. In conclusion, the characteristics of apomucins in the intrahepatic biliary tree in hepatolithiasis differs from those in normal livers and extrahepatic biliary obstructrion. Increased expression of gel-forming mucins, such as MUC5 and MUC2, could be involved in the formation and development of hepatolithiasis.