tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood Viscosity and Elevated Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Men and Women
Authors: Amanda J. Lee, Philip I. Mowbray, Gordon D.O. Lowe, Ann Rumley, F. Gerald R. Fowkes, Paul L. Allan
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Several hemostatic and rheological factors have been associated with incident cardiovascular events. However, there have been no reports on the relationship of rheological factors with early atherosclerosis and very few on hemostatic factors. We therefore studied the relationship between these factors and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). Methods and Results —The Edinburgh Artery Study measured fibrinogen, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), fibrin d -dimer, von Willebrand factor (vWF), blood and plasma viscosities, and hematocrit as part of its baseline examination during 1988–1989. At the 5-year follow-up, valid measurements of IMT had been recorded in 1106 men and women 60 to 80 years old. In men, blood viscosity ( P ≤.001) and its major determinants, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen (both P ≤.01), and hematocrit ( P ≤.05), were all linearly related to IMT. Furthermore, blood viscosity, fibrinogen (both P ≤.01), and plasma viscosity ( P ≤.05) remained significantly associated on multivariate analysis. Correcting blood viscosity to a standard hematocrit of 45% had little effect on its association. In men, there was a significantly increased risk of having an IMT above versus below the upper quartile of its distribution (1.05 mm) for SD increases in blood viscosity ( P ≤.01), fibrinogen, corrected blood viscosity, and plasma viscosity (all P ≤.05). With the exception of plasma viscosity, these risks were unaffected by adjustment for other common cardiovascular risk factors. No significant associations were found between any of the hemorheological factors and IMT in women or for tPA, fibrin d -dimer, or vWF in either sex. Conclusions —These findings suggest that in men, blood viscosity and its major determinants are associated not only with incident cardiovascular events but also with the early stages of atherosclerosis. This may be one explanation for the link between rheological factors and events.
58. Rett Syndrome Is Reversible and Treatable by MeCP2 Gene Therapy into the Striatum in Mice
Authors: Ken-ichiro Kosai, Akira Kusaga, Takeo Isagai, Koji Hirata, Satoshi Nagano, Yoshiteru Murofushi, Tomoyuki Takahashi, Sachio Takashima, Toyojiro Matsuishi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
Pericytes limit tumor cell metastasis
Authors: X. Xian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Previously we observed that neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) deficiency in beta tumor cells facilitates metastasis into distant organs and local lymph nodes. Here, we show that NCAM-deficient beta cell tumors grew leaky blood vessels with perturbed pericyte-endothelial cell-cell interactions and deficient perivascular deposition of ECM components. Conversely, tumor cell expression of NCAM in a fibrosarcoma model (T241) improved pericyte recruitment and increased perivascular deposition of ECM molecules. Together, these findings suggest that NCAM may limit tumor cell metastasis by stabilizing the microvessel wall. To directly address whether pericyte dysfunction increases the metastatic potential of solid tumors, we studied beta cell tumorigenesis in primary pericyte-deficient Pdgfb(ret/ret) mice. This resulted in beta tumor cell metastases in distant organs and local lymph nodes, demonstrating a role for pericytes in limiting tumor cell metastasis. These data support a new model for how tumor cells trigger metastasis by perturbing pericyte-endothelial cell-cell interactions.
Tests for Phenylketonuria
Authors: N. K. Gibbs, L. I. Woolf
Journal: BMJ (1959)

MEDICAL JOURNAL their responses to types 2 and 3, after either two or three doses of vaccine.The difference in the type 1 responses after two doses, however, was much accentuated by giving a third dose.Though all infants in both groups responded, the geometric mean titre for the 6-months-old group was more than twelve times that of the 9-months-old group.These results suggest that the antigenic activity of the type 1 component of vaccine A which was given to the 6-months-old infants was greater than that of vaccine B given to the 9- months-old infants. ConclusionsPlacentally transmitted maternal antibody had fallen to non-inhibitory levels in almost all 6-months-old infants and in all 9-months-old infants tested.The responses of infants in these age groups to two doses of vaccine were good to the type 2 and 3 com- ponents, all infants responding, but those to type 1 were not quite so satisfactory because 3 out of 15 6-months- old and 6 out of 14 9-months-old infants failed to show a rise in antibody level.The responses after three doses, however, were much more satisfactory, all infants responding to type 1 giving higher antibody levels, and the responses to types 2 and 3 being very much higher than after two doses.The 6-months-old infants responded better to type 1 than the 9-months-old infants, and this difference was most pronounced after the third dose.This was probably due to the difference in the antigenic activity of type 1 in the two vaccines used.Though a small difference was observed when measured in monkeys, it was not as marked as in the infants.It is important, therefore, that only vaccines highly potent in the type 1 component should be used for immunizing infants, and that three doses given at monthly intervals should constitute the primary course at this age.
Lament for missing an A award
Authors: A. Padfield
Journal: BMJ (2001)

I used to support the merit award system because I believed that, despite its flaws, it encouraged people to stretch themselves beyond their daily chores. From doubting its fairness for myself, I realised my specialty had a poor share of awards and this has been true for at least 35 years.

In the dozen years since a medical chairman of the Advisory Committee for Distinction Awards tried to channel more awards towards service specialties, there has been little increase in the number of awards for anaesthetists, pathologists, or radiologists. Compared with local colleagues in other specialties and other anaesthetists elsewhere I think that I deserved an A award, but I never received one.

I first heard of merit awards soon after I became a senior house officer in the early 1960s. A surgical registrar engaged me in conversation over the blood-brain barrier. He asked me why I had taken up anaesthesia, and then he said: “Anaesthetists are sucking on the hind tit as far as merit awards are concerned, but they're either young or ex-general practitioners.”

> It was worrying that …
LAW AND MEDICINE
Authors: Arnold J. Streich
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Processes of Care in the Multidisciplinary Treatment of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Savtaj S. Brar, Alyson L. Mahar, Lucy K. Helyer, Carol Swallow, Calvin Law, Lawrence Paszat, Rajini Seevaratnam, Roberta Cardoso, Robin McLeod, Matthew Dixon, Lavanya Yohanathan, Laercio G. Lourenco, Alina Bocicariu, Tanios Bekaii-Saab, Ian Chau, Neal Church, Daniel Coit, Christopher H. Crane, Craig Earle, Paul Mansfield, Norman Marcon, Thomas Miner, Sung Hoon Noh, Geoff Porter, Mitchell C. Posner, Vivek Prachand, Takeshi Sano, Cornelis van de Velde, Sandra Wong, Natalie G. Coburn
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> There is growing interest in reducing the variations and deficiencies in the multidisciplinary management of gastric cancer. <h3>Objective</h3> To define optimal treatment strategies for gastric adenocarcinoma (GC). <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method involving a multidisciplinary expert panel of 16 physicians from 6 countries. <h3>Interventions</h3> Gastrectomy, perioperative chemotherapy, adjuvant chemoradiation, surveillance endoscopy, and best supportive care. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Panelists scored 416 scenarios regarding treatment scenarios for appropriateness from 1 (highly inappropriate) to 9 (highly appropriate). Median appropriateness scores from 1 to 3 were considered inappropriate; 4 to 6, uncertain; and 7 to 9, appropriate. Agreement was reached when 12 of 16 panelists scored the scenario similarly. Appropriate scenarios agreed on were subsequently scored for necessity. <h3>Results</h3> For patients with T1N0 disease, surgery alone was considered appropriate, while there was no agreement over surgery alone for patients T2N0 disease. Perioperative chemotherapy was appropriate for patients who had T1-2N2-3 or T3-4 GC without major symptoms. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was classified as appropriate for T1-2N1-3 or T3-4 proximal GC and necessary for T1-2N2-3 or T3-4 distal GC. There was no agreement regarding surveillance imaging and endoscopy following gastrectomy. Surveillance endoscopy was deemed to be appropriate after endoscopic resection. For patients with metastatic GC, surgical resection was considered inappropriate for those with no major symptoms, unless the disease was limited to positive cytology alone, in which case there was disagreement. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Patients with GC being treated with curative intent should be considered for multimodal treatment. For patients with incurable disease, surgical interventions should be considered only for the management of major bleeding or obstruction.
A sequence of errors
Authors: Brian Witcombe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

precision of estimates of test accuracy.For example, a recent meta-analysis of 27 test accuracy studies of the Ottawa ankle rules confirmed that in many settings this decision aid can indeed exclude fractures and reduce the number of unnecessary radiographs. 14The fact that results may not be transferable to other populations and settings should be stressed, and the information required to judge transferability and applicability should be provided.Clearly, assuming that a diagnosis can be ruled in or ruled out with confidence, when in reality it cannot, could have serious consequences for patients.
Reliability of Endoscopic Observation in Diagnosis of Early Carcinoma of the Stomach
Authors: S. Kobayashi, H. Sugiura, T. Kasugai
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

Reliability of endoscopic observation was discussed on 191 cases of early gastric carcinoma. The fact that the Japanese definition and classification of such tumor were of great help in differentiating early carcinoma from advanced one in approximately 90 per cent of the cases was emphasized.
Characterisation of Th1/Th2 type, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase reactive T cells in the generation of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Y Kori, I Matsumoto, H Zhang, T Yasukochi, T Hayashi, K Iwanami, D Goto, S Ito, A Tsutsumi, T Sumida
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by an unknown inflammatory process in multiple joints. The K/BxN T cell receptor transgenic mouse model is a striking model of inflammatory arthritis characterised by arthritic manifestations similar to those of RA.1 Matsumoto et al reported that arthritis could be provoked by linked T and B cell recognition of a ubiquitously expressed self antigen glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI).2 Recently, immunisation with recombinant human GPI was reported to induce T cell dependent arthritis in DBA/1 mice,3 supporting the notion that GPI reactive T cells have a crucial role in the induction of arthritis.

In our previous study we reported the presence of high titres of anti-GPI antibodies (Abs) in some patients with RA, although a few control subjects were also positive.4 To examine the role of GPI-specific T cells in …
The European Union CREATE Project: A model for international standardization of allergy diagnostics and vaccines
Authors: Martin D. Chapman, Fatima Ferreira, Mayte Villalba, Oliver Cromwell, Donna Bryan, Wolf-Meinhard Becker, Montserrat Fernández-Rivas, Stephen Durham, Stefan Vieths, Ronald van Ree
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Prognostic value of high dose dipyridamole echocardiography in patients with chronic coronary artery disease and preserved left ventricular function
Authors: Claudio Coletta, Alfonso Galati, Gabriella Greco, Maurizio Burattini, Roberto Ricci, Alessandro Carunchio, Maria Stella Fera, Loretta Bordi, Vincenzo Ceci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Gram Staining without the Clock
Authors: Thomas F. Paine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

FOR many years an eye on the clock has been a stringent requirement for gram staining. Dr. Christian Gram1 himself no doubt would be surprised at the dedicated precision in carrying out each step of his procedure. He was more relaxed and applied the stain for one to three minutes and the iodine for a similar indefinite time. Later, other bacteriologists2 , 3 attempted to improve the gram stain by modifying each other's modifications until interest lagged in this area.Through the gradual acceptance of an exact method of gram staining two unfortunate by-products have arisen: the waste of countless hours of . . .
Cautious welcome for plans to replace practice based commissioning with budget holding
Authors: R. Wilkins
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Government plans to give GPs more power to manage budgets “hold promise” and could mean better patient care and value for money, but they would have to be “implemented carefully” to deliver real benefits to patients, suggests a report from the University of Birmingham’s Health Services Management Centre.

The new government is touting GP budget holding as the successor to practice based commissioning, arguing that it will be more successful as GPs will be offered “hard budgets” to manage themselves.

The report looks at the US model of capitation—the payment of a fixed amount of …
Risk Factors in Bacteriuria
Authors: WILLIAM J. MROCZEK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 November 1971Risk Factors in BacteriuriaWILLIAM J. MROCZEK, M.D., MCWILLIAM J. MROCZEK, M.D., MCSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-5-805 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the study by Shapiro, Sapira, and Scheib (Ann Intern Med 74:861-868, 1971) of the development of bacteriuria in a hypertensive population, there were limitations in the interpretation of the results because of the design of the study and the methods used. The authors readily admitted to these limitations in their paper. It is imperative, however, that additional information be provided for intelligent analysis of the findings.The control patients were matched for age, sex, race, and duration of follow-up, but there is no mention that they were matched by initial blood pressure (without medication) or by... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine U.S. Army Hospital Fort Campbell, Ky. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1971Volume 75, Issue 5Page: 805-806KeywordsBlood pressureMedical risk factorsRacial and ethnic issues Issue Published: 1 November 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Considerations on Etiologic Factors in Meat Wrappers' Asthma
Authors: Ruth Lilis
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  A recent letter (237:1826, 1977) reports interesting clinical and respiratory-function findings in meat wrappers and a nonexposed control population.  Irritative respiratory symptoms and the meat wrappers' asthma syndrome have generally been thought to be etiologically related to decomposition products of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), such as hydrochloric acid and/or minute amounts of phosgene, and not to PVC itself or to the monomer vinyl chloride.  The distinction is important to avoid confusion, especially since different mechanisms seem to be involved.
Imatinib results in better outcomes than HLA-identical sibling transplants in young persons with newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Q Jiang, L-P Xu, D-H Liu, K-Y Liu, R P Gale, M-J Zhang, B Jiang, X-H Zhang, Y Wang, S-S Chen, X-Y Zhao, H Chen, H Jiang, Y-H Chen, W Han, Y-Z Qin, Y-R Liu, Y-Y Lai, M Lv, X-J Huang
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
GGT/ALT ratio is related to serum markers of fibrosis and predict sustained response to interferon (IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) in non-responder/relapser patients with chronic hepatits (CHC)
Authors: J.A. Moreno-Monteagudo, P. Majano, M.J. Borque, L. Garcia-Buey, C. Garcia-Monzon, R. Moreno-Otero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Role of the Posterior Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins in Human Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Derick M. Todd, Allan C. Skanes, Gerard Guiraudon, Colette Guiraudon, Andrew D. Krahn, Raymond Yee, George J. Klein
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Surgery can eliminate atrial fibrillation (AF), but data confirming the rationale for specific lesion sets are lacking. We used postoperative electrophysiological studies to test the rationale and effects of operative pulmonary venous isolation.Fourteen patients undergoing surgical pulmonary venous isolation for drug-refractory lone AF were studied. Successful isolation was confirmed postoperatively in 13 of 14 patients. Spontaneous sustained AF was recorded from the isolated pulmonary venous region (PVR) in 4 and was induced by extrastimulus testing in another. The remaining atrial region (RAR) was in sinus rhythm in 13 patients and nonsustained AF in 1. Atrial extrastimulus testing and burst pacing in the RAR failed to induce sustained AF. In follow-up, 1 patient developed paroxysmal AF, and electrical continuity between the PVR and RAR was confirmed. Isolation was achieved with radiofrequency ablation with no further AF. Another patient developed typical atrial flutter that required ablation. AF has not recurred in any patient at 25.1+/-11.9 months (range, 6 to 56 months) after surgery. Atrial histopathology was consistent with tachycardia-induced changes.Total electrical isolation of the PVR controlled AF with excellent clinical outcome and appeared necessary for success. The isolated PVR can sustain spontaneous or induced AF, whereas the considerably larger RAR does not. These data provide a sound rationale for PVR in eliminating AF.
Lead Exposure Is Associated with Decreased Serum Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Activityand Genotypes
Authors: Wan-Fen Li, Mei-Hung Pan, Meng-Chu Chung, Chi-Kung Ho, Hung-Yi Chuang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Lead exposure causes cardiac and vascular damage in experimental animals. However, there is considerable debate regarding the causal relationship between lead exposure and cardiovascular dysfunction in humans. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a high-density lipoprotein-associated antioxidant enzyme, is capable of hydrolyzing oxidized lipids and thus protects against atherosclerosis. Previous studies have shown that lead and several other metal ions are able to inhibit PON1 activity in vitro. To investigate whether lead exposure has influence on serum PON1 activity, we conducted a cross-sectional study of workers from a lead battery manufactory and lead recycling plant. Blood samples were analyzed for whole-blood lead levels, serum PON1 activity, and three common PON1 polymorphisms (Q192R, L55M, -108C/T). The mean blood lead level (+/-SD) of this cohort was 27.1+/-15 microg/dL. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that blood lead levels were significantly associated with decreased serum PON1 activity (p<0.001) in lead workers. This negative correlation was more evident for workers who carry the R192 allele, which has been suggested to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Taken together, our results suggest that the decrease in serum PON1 activity due to lead exposure may render individuals more susceptible to atherosclerosis, particularly subjects who are homozygous for the R192 allele.
Subtyping of Breast Cancer by Immunohistochemistry to Investigate a Relationship between Subtype and Short and Long Term Survival: A Collaborative Analysis of Data for 10,159 Cases from 12 Studies
Authors: Fiona M. Blows, Kristy E. Driver, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Annegien Broeks, Flora E. van Leeuwen, Jelle Wesseling, Maggie C. Cheang, Karen Gelmon, Torsten O. Nielsen, Carl Blomqvist, Päivi Heikkilä, Tuomas Heikkinen, Heli Nevanlinna, Lars A. Akslen, Louis R. Bégin, William D. Foulkes, Fergus J. Couch, Xianshu Wang, Vicky Cafourek, Janet E. Olson, Laura Baglietto, Graham G. Giles, Gianluca Severi, Catriona A. McLean, Melissa C. Southey, Emad Rakha, Andrew R. Green, Ian O. Ellis, Mark E. Sherman, Jolanta Lissowska, William F. Anderson, Angela Cox, Simon S. Cross, Malcolm W. R. Reed, Elena Provenzano, Sarah-Jane Dawson, Alison M. Dunning, Manjeet Humphreys, Douglas F. Easton, Montserrat García-Closas, Carlos Caldas, Paul D. Pharoah, David Huntsman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Paul Pharoah and colleagues evaluate the prognostic significance of immunohistochemical subtype classification in more than 10,000 breast cancer cases with early disease, and examine the influence of a patient's survival time on the prediction of future survival.
Antiplatelet Effect of Sequential Administration of Cilostazol in Patients with Asetylsalycilic Acid Resistance
Authors: Muhammed Bora Demirçelik, Mustafa Cetin, Zehra Güven Cetin, Serhat Isık, Müslüm Sahin, Emrullah Kızıltunc, Hülya Cicekcioglu, Feridun Vasfi Ulusoy, Beyhan Eryonucu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Mortality prediction model is preferable to APACHE
Authors: F. Shann
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—In their article on scoring systems in intensive care, Gunning and Rowan provide a detailed description of the APACHE II mortality prediction model.1 This model was developed with data collected between 1979 and 1982 and was replaced by APACHE III in 1991.2 Unfortunately, there is a substantial charge for using APACHE III;thus many intensive care units continue using the outdated APACHE II, but do you really want to compare your standard of care with that delivered by North American units 20 years ago?

There …
Heart Disease and Stroke Deaths Fall, But Some Fear a Reverse in the Trend
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

First, the good news: from 1998 to 2008, mortality rates dropped 30.6% for individuals with cardiovascular disease and 34.8% for those with stroke. Now the bad news: the emerging obesity and diabetes epidemics suggest those mortality rates are poised to level off or even begin to climb.
CASE OF SIMULTANEOUS DISLOCATION OF BOTH HUMERI
Authors: C. R. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1853)

The small ntestine, near the wound, were lutinaed by et peritonitis.No secondy omatou deposits were found in the abdom n,and no other part was ex- amined.Several calcuU were found in the gall bladder, and one was impacted in the cystic duct.