tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mental Illness and Gun Control
Authors: Shannon Frattaroli, E. Elizabeth McGinty
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Feasibility of implementing fast-track surgery in pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy for reconstruction – A prospective cohort study with historical control
Authors: Sastha Ahanatha Pillai, Ravichandran Palaniappan, Anbalagan Pichaimuthu, Kamala Kannan Rajendran, Jeswanth Sathyanesan, Manoharan Govindhan
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Abstract 590: Andrographolide suppresses prostate cancer cell migration and alters the expression of vimentin, ZO-1 and MMP-11
Authors: Aditi Banerjee, Joseph Casillas, Maria Sanchez, Krizia Rohena, Magaly Martinez-Ferrer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the second cause of cancer-related deaths in males in the United States. The development of novel chemopreventive strategies may be extremely helpful to prevent and arrest the development of this neoplasm. Andrographolide, a labdane diterpenoid that is the main bioactive component of the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata, has anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties. In this study, we sought to examine the effect of andrographolide on PC3 and LNCaP prostate cancer epithelial cells. Andrographolide significantly inhibited PC3 cell growth at a concentration of 10µM after 24 h of treatment (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and inhibited LNCaP cell growth at a concentration of 15 µM after 24 h of treatment (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Wound healing assay and boyden chamber experiments were performed in order to determine whether andrographolide had an effect on migration and invasion. When PC3 and LNCaP cells were treated with andrographolide the total number of migrating and invading cells was significantly reduced (P &amp;lt; 0.001) when compared to control. To study possible anti-migration and anti-invasion mechanisms of andrographolide on PC3 and LNCap cells, we examined the expression of various adhesion molecules. Andrograholide significantly decreased the expression of vimentin in PC3 and LNCap treated cells. However, PC3 and LNCaP cells treated with andrographolide had increased expression levels of occludin and ZO-1. In addition, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis showed that PC3 and LNCaP cells treated with andrographolide had decresased expression levels of MMP-11. Our results suggest that the anti-migration and anti-invasion effects of andrographolide in PC3 and LNCaP cells may be associated with alterations in the expression of occluding, ZO-1 and MMP-11. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 590. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-590
Estimating Visceral Fat Area by Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance
Authors: Masato Nagai, Hideaki Komiya, Yutaka Mori, Teruo Ohta, Yasuhiro Kasahara, Yoshio Ikeda
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

We developed a new method of estimating visceral fat area (VFA) using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance (BI).We considered abdominal composition as a parallel circuit model composed of VFA and subcutaneous fat area and calculated the impedance of VFA (IP(VFA)) from this model. The methods were tested against measures of VFA by computed tomography (CT). Multiple regression analysis was performed on 103 participants to estimate VFA. We cross-validated the regression equation against CT-measured VFA in 30 additional participants.The regression equation was VFA = 3.57 x sagittal abdominal diameter + 311.97 x waist-to-height ratio + 0.71 x age + 23.93 x sex + 1.57 x IP(VFA) (250 kHz) - 174.35 (r = 0.904, P < 0.01). We observed a strong correlation by cross-validation (r = 0.905).Our method using BI is a simple and convenient method for accurately estimating VFA.
Hepatic Insulin Signaling Is Required for Obesity-Dependent Expression of SREBP-1c mRNA but Not for Feeding-Dependent Expression
Authors: Joel T. Haas, Ji Miao, Dipanjan Chanda, Yanning Wang, Enpeng Zhao, Mary E. Haas, Matthew Hirschey, B. Vaitheesvaran, Robert V. Farese, Irwin J. Kurland, Mark Graham, Rosanne Crooke, Fabienne Foufelle, Sudha B. Biddinger
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Placental transport of vitamin B12 in the pregnant rat
Authors: Stanley E. Graber, Ursula Scheffel, Barbara Hodkinson, Patricia A. McIntyre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Placental transport of vitamin B(12) was studied in the pregnant rat in two series of experiments. In the first series animals were given cyanocobalamin-(57)Co intravenously at various stages of gestation. High specific activity tracer was used and doses of B(12) were 1-2 ng per animal. The rats were killed from 15 min to 24 hr after injection and the fetuses, placentas, and serum were assayed for radioactivity. In the second series using uninjected animals, absolute amounts of vitamin B(12) in fetuses and placentas were measured at stages of gestation from day 12 through day 20. There was a progressive increase in B(12) transferred to the fetus during gestation. Although the quantity of vitamin B(12) transported per 24 hr was proportional to fetal weight, the amount transported per gram of placenta increased tenfold from day 10 through day 19. Uptake of tracer B(12) by placenta was initially rapid; however, no radioactivity appeared in the fetus until 2 hr after injection. The actual amount of B(12) in placenta increased throughout gestation, and the placental concentration of B(12) was greater than maternal plasma and fetal tissue concentrations at all times measured. These data suggest that the ability of placenta to transport B(12) increased throughout gestation, and that the rate-limiting step in the transport process was either the passage of B(12) from the maternal to the fetal side of placenta or the transfer from placenta into fetal plasma.
Sleepiness, Driving, and Motor Vehicle Crashes
Authors: James M. Lyznicki
Journal: JAMA (1998)

To assess the contribution of driver sleepiness to highway crashes and review recent recommendations to change federal hours-of-service regulations for commercial motor vehicle drivers.Information was derived from a search of the MEDLINE, Transportation Research Information Service (TRIS), and Bibliographic Electronic Databases of Sleep (BEDS) databases from 1975 through 1997 and from manual review of the reference lists in relevant journal articles, government publications, conference proceedings, and textbooks.Driver sleepiness is a causative factor in 1% to 3% of all US motor vehicle crashes. Surveys of the prevalence of sleepy behavior in drivers suggest that sleepiness may be a more common cause of highway crashes than is reflected in these estimates. About 96% of sleep-related crashes involve passenger vehicle drivers and 3% involve drivers of large trucks. Risk factors include youth, shift work, alcohol and other drug use, over-the-counter and prescription medications, and sleep disorders.Increased awareness of the relationship between sleepiness and motor vehicle crashes will promote the health and safety of drivers and highway users. Physicians can contribute by encouraging good sleep habits, recognizing and treating sleep-related problems, and counseling patients about the risks of driving while sleepy. To protect public health and safety, the American Medical Association recommends continued research on devices and technologies to detect the signs of sleepiness and prevent the deterioration of driver alertness and performance. Educational programs about the risks of falling asleep while driving are needed for physicians, the public, and commercial truck drivers.
Fetal and childhood development of the intrapulmonary veins in man--branching pattern and structure
Authors: A. Hislop, L. Reid
Journal: Thorax (1973)

The drainage pattern and the structure of the pulmonary veins have been described quantitatively in a series of fetal and child lungs after injection of the veins with a radio-opaque medium. The drainage pattern of the pre-acinar region is complete by half-way through gestation and corresponds with the growth of the pulmonary arteries. There is new growth of veins within the acinus during childhood. Four types of veins arising from five peripheral sites have been described. The change in dimensions with age have also been measured. A measurable muscle layer could not be found in the walls of the veins before birth though some muscle cells were present from 28 weeks of gestation. The thickness of the muscle coat in any vein was similar at birth and in a 3- and 10-year-old child and in all cases was less than in a pulmonary artery of the same size. The muscle cells were of smaller diameter in the veins than in the arteries. Along any venous pathway between a non-muscular and muscular structure was a region where part of the wall was muscular: these veins were termed partially muscular. Their distribution by size was similar at all ages.
Up-regulation of the iC3b receptor (CR3) is neither necessary nor sufficient to promote neutrophil aggregation.
Authors: M R Philips, J P Buyon, R Winchester, G Weissmann, S B Abramson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The iC3b receptor (CR3) is required for neutrophil adhesive functions, including homotypic aggregation. Because stimuli that enhance neutrophil adhesion also induce up-regulation of surface CR3, it is widely held that these two responses are causally related. We have dissociated CR3 display (immunofluorescence) from CR3 function (aggregation). Neutrophils isolated at 4 degrees C and rewarmed to 37 degrees C up-regulated surface CR3 twofold, but did not aggregate. The kinetics of FMLP-induced CR3 up-regulation were discordant with those of aggregation. In the absence of extracellular divalent cations, CR3 expression increased twofold after exposure to FMLP, but neutrophils did not aggregate. FMLP elicited 3.5-fold more aggregation than the ionophore A23187, yet less than one-half as much CR3 up-regulation. 3 mM sodium salicylate inhibited aggregation 55 +/- 4%, but had no effect on CR3 up-regulation. Conversely, 1 mM tetracaine completely inhibited CR3 up-regulation, while significantly enhancing aggregation. Neutroplasts expressed CR3, but did not up-regulate the receptor; in contrast, FMLP induced CR3-dependent aggregation of neutroplasts. We conclude that, although constitutive surface CR3 is required for neutrophil aggregation, the up-regulation of CR3 is neither necessary nor sufficient to promote cell-cell adhesion.
Haemorrhagic pulmonary oedema: post-pulmonary embolectomy.
Authors: J W Garvey, G Wisoff, C Voletti, M Hartstein
Journal: Thorax (1976)

A case of haemorrhagic pulmonary oedema after successful pulmonary embolectomy is presented. The relevant literature is reviewed. Thirteen cases are analysed as well as the four survivors. The aetiology appears to be ischaemic damage of the capillary bed. This had previously been called incomplete infarction by Castleman. The incidence is low after acute pulmonary embolectomies but appears to be much higher after chronic endarterectomies, especially with severe pulmonary hypertension. Therapy is outlined.
Remarks ON THE USE OF ALKALIS IN PRACTICAL MEDICINE
Authors: E. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1909)

OF the stock medicines in common use none are prescribed with greater frequency than the alkalis.As remedies for all kinds of dyspeptic troubles, for gout and rheumatism in their many manifestations, for urinary acidity and sandy deposits, and in the child for all forms of catarrhal derangements, we turn at once confidently to the alkaline salts.But valuable as these medicines can be in the
Laboratory-Acquired Infections: History, Incidence, Causes and Prevention
Authors: C. Michael Weldon-Linne
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The subject of safety in the clinical laboratory, although a perennial concern, has recently received considerable renewed attention partly caused by the advent of an effective vaccine against hepatitis B virus (probably the most feared, if not the most common, laboratory-acquired infection) as well as, almost simultaneously, the appearance of the newly described acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.<i>Laboratory-Acquired Infections</i>by C. H. Collins, a senior technical officer of the British Public Health Laboratory Service and consultant to the World Health Organization, is an attempt to document the historical, technical, and prophylactic aspects of one particularly important facet of laboratory safety—the danger of inadvertent infection. <i>Laboratory-Acquired Infections</i>is an updated and greatly expanded and rewritten version of Collins' previous short monograph,<i>The Prevention of Laboratory-Acquired Infection</i>, published in the mid-1970s by the British Public Health Laboratory Service. The book is a concise, yet well-documented and very thorough, accounting of the microbiological hazards
Multiple organ failure
Authors: C. Zauner, G. Grimm, R. Kramer, A. Kranz, C. Madl, B. Schneeweiss, K. Lenz, M. G. Mythen, G. R. Barclay, D. Browne, S. J. Machin, A. R. Webb, G. Purdy, I. J. Mackie, T. McNally, F. Douzinas, E. Vamvasakis, K. Rigas, M. Pittaridis, D. Bilalis, C. Roussos, A. Kotanidou, D. Sionis, D. Sfyras, F. Tsidemiadou, M. Bodi, C. Boqué, X. Sarmtento, E. Mesalles, F. Barrachlna, JJ. Guardiola
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
The Effects of Inbreeding on Japanese Children
Authors: C. C. Li
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This volume constitutes probably the most comprehensive report on inbreeding effects in man. The study first began to take shape in 1955, so this report covers the work of approximately ten years. Schull and Neel have collaborated with many Japanese medical scientists and statisticians.  The material is organized into 15 chapters. The first gives the general background. The second describes the situation of consanguineous marriages in Japan. The third outlines the statistical methods employed in the analysis. This is then followed by ten data chapters on the characteristics of the consanguinity group, mortality of the inbred infants and children, medical histories, physical disease, anthropometrics, growth and development, dental characteristics, laboratory studies, neuromuscular and mental status, and performance in elementary school. The 14th chapter summarizes the differences between an average inbred and an outbred child. The final chapter discusses the relationship of the inbreeding results with the so-called genetic load.  Two
Ethinyl estradiol acutely attenuates abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women.
Authors: S E Reis, S T Gloth, R S Blumenthal, J R Resar, H A Zacur, G Gerstenblith, J A Brinker
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Estrogen administration in postmenopausal women is associated with a 50% reduction in the clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease. The mechanisms are not known, although one potential explanation is estrogen-induced modulation of coronary vasoreactivity. Acetylcholine is an endothelium-dependent vasodilator that may be used to assess coronary vasoreactivity and elicits coronary responses that parallel those found with common daily vasomotor stimuli. Therefore, we tested whether estrogen attenuates abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women. METHODS AND RESULTS Acetylcholine-induced changes in coronary flow, resistance, and cross-sectional area were determined before and 15 minutes after intravenous administration of ethinyl estradiol (EE, 35 micrograms) in 15 postmenopausal women. The influence of estrogen on basal coronary flow, resistance, and epicardial cross-sectional area was also assessed by measuring these parameters before and after EE or placebo administration in 33 women. Estrogen altered basal coronary vasomotor tone in 22 women as manifested by an EE-induced 23.3 +/- 4.5% (mean +/- SEM) increase (P &lt; .01) in coronary flow, a 15.0 +/- 3.2% decrease (P &lt; .01) in resistance, and a 20.0 +/- 6.5% increase (P = .02) in epicardial cross-sectional area. Placebo administration in 11 women did not change these parameters. Estrogen also attenuated abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine. Seven women who exhibited a paradoxical acetylcholine-induced decrease in coronary flow (-33.5 +/- 12.3%, P &lt; .01) and increase in resistance (38.9 +/- 14.1%, P = .05) and seven who had an abnormal acetylcholine-induced decrease in epicardial cross-sectional area (-14.2 +/- 4.4%; P = .04) did not have acetylcholine-induced changes in these parameters after EE administration. Acetylcholine-induced flow, resistance, and cross-sectional area responses before and after EE were significantly different (P &lt; .01, P = .02, and P = .02, respectively). Normal coronary responses to acetylcholine were not affected by EE administration. CONCLUSIONS EE attenuates abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women. EE also decreases basal coronary vasomotor tone as manifested by increased coronary flow, decreased resistance, and increased epicardial cross-sectional area. These acute effects of estrogen on coronary vasoreactivity may explain, in part, the cardioprotective effects of estrogen in postmenopausal women.
Biological monitoring of child lead exposure in the Czech Republic.
Authors: M Cikrt, Z Smerhovsky, K Blaha, J Nerudova, V Sediva, H Fornuskova, J Knotkova, Z Roth, M Kodl, E Fitzgerald
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The area around the Pribram lead smelter has been recognized to be heavily contaminated by lead (Pb). In the early 1970s, several episodes of livestock lead intoxication were reported in this area; thereafter, several epidemiological and ecological studies focused on exposure of children. In contrast to earlier studies, the recent investigation (1992-1994) revealed significantly lower exposure to lead. From 1986-1990, recorded average blood lead levels were about 37.2 micrograms lead (Pb)/100 ml in an elementary school population living in a neighborhood close to the smelter (within 3 km of the plant). The present study, however, has found mean blood lead levels of 11.35 micrograms/100 ml (95% CI = 9.32; 13.82) among a comparable group of children. In addition to blood lead, tooth lead was used to assess exposure among children. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the geometric mean tooth lead level of 6.44 micrograms Pb/g (n = 13; 95% CI = 3.95; 10.50) in the most contaminated zone and 1.43 micrograms Pb/g (n = 35; 95% CI = 1.11; 1.84) in zones farther away from the point source. Both biomarkers, blood and tooth lead levels, reflect a similar pattern of lead exposure in children. This study has attempted a quantitative assessment of risk factors associated with elevated lead exposure in the Czech Republic. Content of lead in soil, residential distance from the smelter, consumption of locally grown vegetables or fruits, drinking water from local wells, the mother's educational level, cigarette consumption among family members, and the number of children in the family were factors positively related (p < 0.05) to blood lead levels. The resulting blood lead level was found to be inversely proportional to the child's age.
PURIFICATION AND CONCENTRATION OF ANTIGENS FOR COMPLEMENT FIXATION BY METHODS OF DIALYSIS, ADSORPTION, AND EXTRACTION
Authors: Augustus B. Wadsworth, Frank Maltaner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

Antigens were prepared from the culture filtrates of tubercle bacilli and by extraction of washed and dried organisms with organic and aqueous solvents and from tissues of organs showing tuberculous lesions. A comparison of these preparations by means of the complement fixation test showed that the aqueous extracts were most active antigenically. The antigenic activity of the aqueous preparations and also of the slightly active culture filtrates was increased by means of dialysis and adsorption with serum globulin followed by extraction with alcohol and concentration of the alcoholic extract in vacuo.
Growth hormone promotes glomerular lipid accumulation in bGH mice
Authors: Marcos O. Machado, Rosario D.C. Hirata, Donald F. Sellitti, Roberto Iotti, Alejandro Iotti, Ana M. Cusumano, Gavin P. Riordan, Karen T. Coschigano, John J. Kopchick, Irina Zuhl, N.G.A. Nguyen, Mario H. Hirata, Sonia Q. Doi
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Individuals are abstractions
Authors: James R. Hurford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Barsalou's move to a perceptual basis for cognition is welcome. His scheme contrasts with classical logical schemes in many ways, including its implications for the status of individuals. Barsalou deals mainly with perceived individuals, omitting discussion of cognized individuals. It is argued that the individuality of cognized individuals is an abstraction, which conforms in its manner of formation to other cognitive abstractions which Barsalou discusses, such as truth and disjunction.
Pathogenic conversion of Foxp3+ T cells into TH17 cells in autoimmune arthritis
Authors: Noriko Komatsu, Kazuo Okamoto, Shinichiro Sawa, Tomoki Nakashima, Masatsugu Oh-hora, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Sakae Tanaka, Jeffrey A Bluestone, Hiroshi Takayanagi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
DELAYED APPEARANCE OF REACTION TO ELASTIGLASS WRIST WATCH STRAP
Authors: W. W. Bauer
Journal: JAMA (1941)

A physician aged 48 with a history of autumnal hay fever since age 3 and gastric intestinal sensitivity to most of the cabbage family and attacks of severe headaches, sometimes of the migraine type, after the eating of cabbage and other vegetables in the same group, suffered a severe dermatitis from the wearing of a watch bracelet of the new synthetic, flexible, glass-like substance sold under various trade names. The onset of the symptoms was delayed two months after the purchase of the watch bracelet, although it was worn daily on the left wrist. The first manifestation was itching and erythema, followed in about twelve hours with typical urticarial wheals. These were found around the entire wrist except in the area under the watch itself. Although the first symptoms, itching and erythema, affected the entire area of skin with which the watch bracelet was in contact, the eruption at the
Health and nutrition of Ethiopian refugees in emergency camps.
Authors: K Mulholland
Journal: BMJ (1987)

peak plasma insulin value was reached 15 minutes after glucose injection.These findings lead us to conclude that intra- venous administration of hypertonic solutions such as glucose 40%, but probably also radio- graphic contrast media, may cause a fall of blood pressure in the elderly, probably through direct vasodilatation.Secondly, the endogenous insulin response to glucose 40% given intravenously elicited no effect on blood pressure in the elderly.