tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN EASY AND SIMPLE METHOD OF PREPARING MACROSCOPICAL SPECIMENS OF THE EYE.Read in the Section of Ophthalmology at the Forty-First Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: J. H. THOMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1890)

At many of the large clinics both at home and abroad a quantity of valuable pathological material is wasted because there has been no easy or simple way to preserve it. This is particularly true in ophthalmic institutions, where the attendants are not usually experts in pathological technique or are too busy to attend to the details necessary for a proper mounting of a specimen. If it were not that preparations of the diseased eye are often very valuable the excuse "want of time" would be acceptable, but the result of a little time and work in this line is often so gratifying, that I feel justified in calling your attention to the method I pursued in the preparation of this specimen. Perhaps it is unfortunate that in the hardening process much time is consumed which cannot be avoided, but the technique is easy and can be acquired by following
BROMISM: WITH A REPORT OF CASES.
Authors: A. L. SKOOG
Journal: JAMA (1906)

This paper will deal largely with a problem of bromid therapy drawn from observation and the literature on epilepsy. Under the term bromism we include all the various toxic manifestations resulting from the continued use of any bromid or chemical with a large percentage of bromin. Marked chronic bromid intoxication is a not infrequent occurrence and the very mild, often not recognized, forms exceed in frequency the more severe. To diagnosticate the mild types is of special importance. For a number of years the bromids have occupied first place among the numerous drugs prescribed for the epileptic. Though given in a large number of maladies and pathologic conditions, no disease enjoys its use to such an extent as epilepsy. A large number of the nostrums, placed before the public by irregulars and professional pretenders, for convulsive and other nervous conditions, contain potassium bromid as one of their chief ingredients. Spratling
Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine
Authors: Cory A. Dunnick
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine is the classic dermatology textbook1,2—so the question of whether a skin care professional needs to own it is moot. The real question is whether to buy the new seventh edition or scrape by with the 6th edition for a few more years.
Problem Solved? West Nile Virus and Transfusion Safety
Authors: Lyle R. Petersen, Jay S. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

In 2002, just three years after its appearance in the Western Hemisphere, West Nile virus caused the largest outbreak of arboviral encephalitis ever recorded in the United States.1 Epidemiologic investigations that year revealed that West Nile virus could be transmitted by blood transfusion,2 and mathematical models suggested that hundreds of transmissions had occurred.3 By July 2003, shortly before a second seasonal outbreak of similar magnitude began, collaborations among blood-collection organizations, test-kit manufacturers, and government agencies culminated in near-universal screening of U.S. blood donations for West Nile virus with the use of newly developed nucleic acid amplification tests.In this issue . . .
A NEW ANOSCOPE.
Authors: T. CHITTENDEN HILL
Journal: JAMA (1906)

This new instrument, which I devised for a special case, has proved of such general utility in the treatment of affections of the lower rectum and anal canal that a brief description of it may be of interest: For examinations and treatment of the rectum proper and pelvic colon the round tubes of Kelley and the later pneumatic modifications of these leave nothing to be desired but for the treatment of ulcerations, abrasions, new growths, etc., of the anal canal the specula in common use have not at all times been satisfactory. A diagnosis can be made by digital examination, but it is often important to have a good view of the lesion in making local treatments. With this simple instrument I have treated many patients who otherwise would have been obliged to undergo general anesthesia. It consists, as the cut shows, of a straight glass tube with an oval
Probiotics: How Microorganisms Compete
Authors: Gregor Reid
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I was pleased to see the article on biotherapeutic agents by Dr Elmer and colleagues.<sup>1</sup>The traditional response to microbial attack on a body system is to use antibiotics, but is this option exclusive or even optimal? The advent of antibiotics has strong roots in the recognition that microorganisms can, and do, use their own systems to compete and kill other organisms that vie for their ecological niche. Impressive chemical and genetic manipulations have superseded the extraction of microbial by-products. Indeed, chemical agents have saved countless lives. However, they are not the complete answer, and they will not stem the critical tide of microbial drug resistance.<sup>2</sup> The advent of molecular technologies has provided the tools to better understand the role of these agents in well-being. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism and plasmid profiling, we have shown that the colonization of a surface by an
Combination Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: LÁSZLÓ CZIRÁKI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1977Combination Therapy in Metastatic Breast CancerLÁSZLÓ CZIRÁKI, M.D., MÁRIA Oó, M.D.LÁSZLÓ CZIRÁKI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MÁRIA Oó, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-3-364_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A recent paper in this journal (1) stresses the advantages of intermittent cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil plus prednisone therapy in metastatic breast cancer. We have had experience with the simpler combination of chlorambucil plus prednisolone (2). The triple combination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and prednisolone, and methyltestosterone alone were also used, however, with no better effect.Fifty-two consecutive patients (in a 10-year period) received chlorambucil-prednisone in 139 cycles. A cycle consists of chlorambucil 20 mg/day plus prednisolone 30 to 40 mg/day for 2 weeks. The dose of the cytostatic is then reduced to 10 mg/day, whereas the prednisone...References1. CANELLOSDE VITAGOLD GVG: Combination chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer: response and effect on survival. Ann Intern Med 84:389-392, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. FRECKMANFRYMENDEZ HHF: Chlorambucilprednisolone therapy for disseminated breast carcinoma. JAMA 189:23-26, 1964 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. TAYLORBASTEN RB: Suppressor cells in humoral activity. Br Med Bull 32:152-157, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ASHERSONZEMBALA GM: Suppressor T cells in cell mediated immunity. Br Med Bull 32:158-164, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: IV. Department of Internal Medicine Postgraduate Medical School H-1389 Budapest, Pf. 112 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1977Volume 86, Issue 3Page: 364-365KeywordsBreast cancerCyclophosphamideMethotrexate Issue Published: 1 March 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Medicine: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Frederick L. Glaser
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<i>Medicine: Diagnosis and Treatment</i>, edited by Robert W. Schrier, MD, is a multiauthored textbook that "will provide medical students with a foundatiot in internal medicine that will stimulate their interest to seek further in-depth knowledge as they care for their patients." This book, which is intended to be read during an eight- to 12-week clerkship, is an introduction to internal medicine. The text is organized to simulate how physicians routinely approach and evaluate their patients' problems. Eleven chapters cover most of the internal medicine subspecialties, including psychiatry and dermatology. Chapters are generally organized with sections on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The authors are from the University of Colorado School of Medicine, where the editor is Chief of Medicine. In an attempt to fairly evaluate this textbook, I envisioned myself as a fourth-year medical student employing it during a rotation through the medical critical-care unit. Although this may seem unfair to
Excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian cardiac cells
Authors: G. Callewaert
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian cardiac cells Get access Geert Callewaert Geert Callewaert Laboratory of Physiology, K U Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium: G Callewaert. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 10, October 1992, Pages 923–932, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.10.923 Published: 01 October 1992 Article history Received: 24 March 1992 Accepted: 09 June 1992 Published: 01 October 1992
The economic impact of severe asthma to low‐income families
Authors: R. Franco, H. F. Nascimento, A. A. Cruz, A. C. Santos, C. Souza‐Machado, E. V. Ponte, A. Souza‐Machado, L. C. Rodrigues, M. L. Barreto
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Background: To estimate the direct and indirect costs of severe asthma and the economic impact of its management to low‐income families in Salvador, Brazil. Methods: One hundred and ninety‐seven patients with severe asthma and referred to a state‐funded asthma center providing free treatment were evaluated. At registration, they were asked about family cost‐events in the previous year and had a baseline assessment of lung function, symptoms and quality of life. During the subsequent year, they were reassessed prospectively. Results: One hundred‐eighty patients concluded a 12‐month follow‐up. Eighty‐four percent were female patients, and the median family income was US$ 2955/year. Forty‐seven percent of family members had lost their jobs because of asthma. Total cost of asthma management took 29% of family income. After proper treatment, asthma control scores improved by 50% and quality of life by 74%. The income of the families increased by US$ 711/year, as their members went back to work. The total cost of asthma to the families was reduced by a median US$ 789/family/year. Consequently, an annual surplus of US$ 1500/family became available. Conclusions: Family costs of severe asthma consumed over one‐fourth of the family income of the underprivileged population in a middle‐income country. Adequate management brings major economic benefit to individuals and families.
Thromboxane-insensitive dog platelets have impaired activation of phospholipase C due to receptor-linked G protein dysfunction.
Authors: G J Johnson, L A Leis, P C Dunlop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Human platelet thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 (TXA2/PGH2) receptors are linked to phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) via a G protein tentatively identified as a member of the Gq class. In contrast, platelet thrombin receptors appear to activate PI-PLC via other unidentified G proteins. Platelets from most dogs are TXA2 insensitive (TXA2-); i.e., they do not aggregate irreversibly or secrete although they bind TXA2, but they respond normally to thrombin. In contrast, a minority of dogs have TXA2-sensitive (TXA2+) platelets that are responsive to TXA2. To determine the mechanism responsible for TXA2- platelets, we evaluated receptor activation of PI-PLC. Equilibrium binding of TXA2/PGH2 receptor agonists, [125I]BOP and [3H]U46619, and antagonist, [3H]SQ29,548, revealed comparable high-affinity binding to TXA2-, TXA2+, and human platelets. U46619-induced PI-PLC activation was impaired in TXA2- platelets as evidenced by reduced (a) phosphorylation of the 47-kD substrate of protein kinase C, (b) phosphatidic acid (PA) formation, (c) rise in cytosolic calcium concentration, and (d) inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3) formation, while thrombin-induced PI-PLC activation was not impaired. GTPase activity stimulated by U46619, but not by thrombin, was markedly reduced in TXA2- platelets. Antisera to Gq class alpha subunits abolished U46619-induced GTPase activity in TXA2-, TXA2+, and human platelets. Direct G protein stimulation by GTP gamma S yielded significantly less PA and IP3 in TXA2- platelets. Immunotransfer blotting revealed comparable quantities of Gq class alpha-subunits in all three platelet types. Thus, TXA2- dog platelets have impaired PI-PLC activation in response to TXA2/PGH2 receptor agonists secondary to G protein dysfunction, presumably involving a member of the Gq class.
Abstract 4330: Effects of isofluran anesthesia on bioluminescence measurements: impact on pharmacological assessment of antitumor activity of chemical entities
Authors: Christian R. Schnell, Samuel Arnal, Mike Becquet, Stephanie Barbé, Carlos Garcia-Echeverria, Robert Cozens
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has been used for several years in oncology research to quantify tumor growth. In order to allow immobilization during data acquisition, animals are usually anesthetized by isoflurane gas inhalation. However, anesthesia leads to modifications of many physiological parameters, and particularly decreases in heart rate, blood pressure and blood flow, leading to decrease of substrate availability. Thus, it can be postulated that anesthesia will impair bioluminescence read outs. This may in turn profoundly affect interpretation of compound activity based on BLI. We have investigated the difference in BLI measurements performed in conscious and anesthetized animals using subcutaneous xenografts (HCT116 colorectal and U87MG glioblastoma) and orthotopic (U87MG cells injected directly in the brain) models. Moreover, functional tumor vessel mapping and hypoxia stage were obtained using casting technology and HypoxyProbeTM, respectively. Anti-tumor activity of 5-fluorouracil and temozolomide were assessed in the HCT116 xenograft and U87MG orthotopic models, respectively. Our results have clearly demonstrated that in all tested tumor models, tumor growth and efficacy of different compounds were not affected by the regular anesthesia procedure used for bi-weekly BLI assessments. We found a good correlation between caliper and BLI over a wide range of tumor size in conscious mice. When BLI was measured in anesthetized mice, signal intensity dropped significantly up to 70%, impairing the assessment of the antitumor efficacy of 5-FU. A clear correlation to functional tumor vessel density was evidenced. In the U87MG tumors cells implanted intracranialy, we could clearly follow tumor growth over time using BLI readouts. Isoflurane did not impair BLI measurements or the efficacy profile of temozolomide. In conclusion, we can say that BLI measurements in conscious tumor bearing mice offers a better alternative for resolving pharmacologic queries without the confounding effects of anesthesia. Obviously, more extended studies over a wide range of tumor types will be needed to reinforce these conclusions. Moreover, a more quantitative approach to assess vessel density and distribution in the casts using micro-CT technologies would be pivotal. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4330.
A 96-Year-Old Woman With Insomnia, 1 Year Later
Authors: Thomas L. Delbanco
Journal: JAMA (1997)

At the Medicine Grand Rounds held approximately 1 year ago, Dr Wallace Mendelson discussed the management of insomnia in a 96-year-old woman living in a long-term care facility.<sup>1</sup>Mrs G had multiple medical problems but denied depression. Dr Mendelson discussed normal and abnormal sleep patterns in the elderly, the differential diagnosis of insomnia, and behavioral and pharmacologic approaches to therapy. He noted the impact of multiple medications on sleep in the elderly and outlined an approach to sleep hygiene that frequently proves helpful. <h3>MRS G: HER PERCEPTIONS AND UNDERSTANDING</h3> I'm better. I still have trouble falling asleep sometimes. I usually sleep about 3 hours. Then I get up to use the toilet. I need to use it every night about midnight. I go back to sleep, but how long it takes depends on if things are on my mind! <h3>DR T: HER PERCEPTIONS AND UNDERSTANDING</h3> Mrs G reports a
MULTIPLE CALCULI IN THE MALE URETHRA CAUSING OCCLUSION.
Authors: RAYMOND F. METCALFE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>&gt;History.</h3> —G. I., a Filipino male, aged 25 years, gave the following history: Eight years ago, while urinating, he was taken with a sudden, severe lancinating pain in the penis and along the entire course of the urethra. From that time he states that he was never free from pain, which was exaggerated by urination and at times an acute exacerbation would occur which would confine him to his bed. His urine was tinged with blood, and he passed it only twice in the twenty-four hours on account of the severe pain which it caused. One of these acute attacks occurred Dec. 2, 1903. <h3>Examination.</h3> —December 5, I was called to see the patient by Contract-Surgeon Jones. The temperature was 102 F., pulse 110. The scrotum was greatly enlarged, dark and congested, the skin tense and shiny, with two small areas on the
The Correlation of Coronary Angiography and the Electrocardiographic Response to Maximal Treadmill Testing in 76 Asymptomatic Men
Authors: VICTOR F. FROELICHER, FRANK G. YANOWITZ, A. J. THOMPSON, MALCOLM C. LANCASTER
Journal: Circulation (1973)

This report presents the results of coronary angiography in 76 asymptomatic aircrewmen with exercise testing responses suggestive of coronary artery disease. There were two subgroups: 18 men with normal resting electrocardiograms; and 58 men with a history of repolarization changes on their resting electrocardiogram after at least one normal ECG. Of the 76 men, 53% had angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease, and many of them had high risk lesions. Forty-seven percent had no angiographic evidence of lesions and were recommended for return to flying status. Those individuals with normal angiograms will be closely followed at the USAF School of Aerospace Medicine in an effort to determine their natural history and prognosis. The findings in this study, the lack of significant complications resulting from coronary angiography, the concern for public safety, and the economics of maintaining a flying force all support the continued use of elective coronary angiography in selected asymptomatic aircrewmen.
Abstract 1255: Role of choline in adaptive mechanisms in choline phospholipid metabolism of human breast cancer cells
Authors: Balaji Krishnamachary, Noriko Mori, Mayur Gadiya, Yelena Mironchik, Kristine Glunde, Zaver M. Bhujwalla
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of cancer have consistently detected increased cellular phosphocholine (PC) and total choline-containing compounds (tCho), which are closely related to malignant transformation, invasion and metastasis [1]. Enzymes in choline metabolism present attractive targets that can be exploited for treatment [2]. Two of these enzymes, choline kinase-α (Chk) and phosphatidylcholine specific phospholipase D (PC-PLD) have been associated with increased malignancy [1, 3]. Chk is a cytosolic enzyme that is responsible for phosphorylation and converting free choline to phosphocholine. Two mammalian isoforms of PC-PLD, PLD1 and PLD2 have currently been identified. While PLD2 is restricted to cytoplasm, PLD1 shuttles between cytoplasm and membrane upon activation by G proteins such as ARF, Rho and Rac [4]. Here we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Chk and PLD1 alone or in combination in triple negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells to silence these two genes. Effective downregulation was confirmed at both protein and mRNA levels. However, downregulation of Chk with siRNA resulted in increased PLD1 expression, and downregulation of PLD1 resulted in increased Chk expression, typifying the ability of cancer cells to adapt. We sought to further understand mechanisms underlying this interdependence by changing the concentrations of free choline in the media. We observed a reduction in the increase of PLD1 protein expression and mRNA levels following Chk downregulation with higher concentration of free choline (107.1µM), suggesting that free choline plays a role in mediating the increase of PLD1 observed following Chk downregulation. Understanding the complex networks of pathways that participate following downregulation of a specific target is critical in a complex disease like cancer. These participating pathways provide novel opportunities to target in concert with the primary target to achieve improved control and minimize compensatory responses that allow cancer cells to survive or adapt. This is especially important if the downregulation of one ‘oncogenic target’, e.g. Chk, results in the upregulation of another, e.g. PLD1. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by NIH P50 CA103175. References: 1. Glunde, K. et al., Expert Rev Mol Diagn, 2006; 2. Bañez-Coronel M. et al., Curr Cancer Drug Targets, 2008; 3. Toschi, A. et al., Cancer Letters, 2010; 4. Huang, P. and Frohman, MA., Expert Opin Therapy, 2007. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1255. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1255
Tam41 Is a CDP-Diacylglycerol Synthase Required for Cardiolipin Biosynthesis in Mitochondria
Authors: Yasushi Tamura, Yoshihiro Harada, Shuh-ichi Nishikawa, Koji Yamano, Megumi Kamiya, Takuya Shiota, Takuya Kuroda, Osamu Kuge, Hiromi Sesaki, Kenichiro Imai, Kentaro Tomii, Toshiya Endo
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
A pilot study to assess the safety and efficacy of the Third Eye retrograde auxiliary imaging system during colonoscopy
Authors: G. Triadafilopoulos, J. Li
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de G. Triadafilopoulos et al., pp. 478Endoscopy 2008; 40(06): 545-545DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306841
Visualization of the Gall Bladder on F-18 FDOPA PET Imaging: A Potential Pitfall
Authors: Kottekkattu K. Balan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

The ability to label dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) with the positron-emitting isotope F-18 has helped to identify the deficiency of dopamine synthesis and storage within presynaptic striatal nerve terminals. FDOPA PET, therefore, has been used in the diagnosis of early Parkinson disease and the differentiation of a parkinsonian syndrome from other movement disorders. Furthermore, the uptake and metabolism of amino acids by tumors makes F-18 FDOPA PET a suitable alternative to F-18 FDG PET imaging, although the experience in this situation is very limited. Because the main indication for FDOPA PET imaging in the past has been the brain in suspected Parkinson disease, there is a paucity of information on normal whole-body distribution of FDOPA. The author reports a case in which intense uptake of the tracer in the gall bladder mimicked a large liver metastasis from a neuroendocrine primary, but correlative CT and knowledge of the normal biliary route of excretion of the radiopharmaceutical helped to avoid a diagnostic pitfall.