tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Towards research-based approaches for solving body composition problems in sports: ski jumping as a heuristic example
Authors: W Müller
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

<b>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</b> Escalation in monocyte trafficking from the bone marrow into the brain may play a critical role in central nervous system injury and cognitive deterioration in patients with HIV infection. This study tested the hypothesis that the mean diffusivity is sensitive to marrow changes in HIV patients and that these quantitative imaging measurements correlate with the severity of dementia. <b>METHODS:</b> The mean diffusivity (MD), determined for clival and calvarial marrow regions, was compared in 11 HIV-infected patients and 9 control subjects. The imaging measurements were also evaluated for relationships with dementia severity and markers of disease progression (CD4 and viral load in plasma). <b>RESULTS:</b> The MD was significantly reduced in both clival and calvarial marrow in HIV-infected patients (<i>P</i> =.006). Diffusion measurements for clival (<i>P</i> =.02) and for calvarial (<i>P</i> =.03) regions were significantly correlated with the severity of dementia. <b>CONCLUSION:</b> The results of this investigation support the utility of diffusion strategies for monitoring the marrow and provide further evidence of a relationship between marrow status changes and neurologic progression in HIV patients.
Rheumatoid pleurisy and pericarditis.
Authors: G D Champion, M R Robertson, R G Robinson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1968)

Pleurisy and pericarditis occurring in rheumatoid arthritis are generally held to have non-specific histological characteristics, except where rheumatoid nodules are demonstrated.This view was empha- sized in the Symposium on "The Rheumatoid Lung" at the 1966 Annual General Meeting of the Heberden Society in London (Leading Article, Brit.med.J., 1967):"The experts at the meeting were, however, at pains to point out that there is nothing specific about the histology of the pleura in rheumatoid pleurisy; usually nothing more than a simple fibrous thickening with chronic inflammatory changes can be found".However, Gruenwald (1948) in a case report of considerable interest stated that: "There are indications that a type of growth similar to that of the nodules may also occur in a continuous layer spread out over large areas of serous surfaces.In that event the various layers of the granuloma are arranged roughly parallel to the surface of the organ rather than concentrically".
A comparison of variant of echocardiography of heart in athlete and non-athletic teenagers
Authors: Alireza Hajighasemi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Diameters of heart are influenced by age, gender, body surface area and exercise. Extreme volume load and extreme pressure load may cause hypertrophic changes on heart. The aim of this study was a comparison of the rate of changes in end systolic and diastolic diameter and end systolic and diastolic volume and interventricular septum and posterior wall thickness and stroke volume of left ventricle in athlete and non-athlete teenagers. Three groups (each 10 person, 15–17 years old) were included, and matched for weight and body surface area. The first group comprised middle-distance runner athletes, the second group, taekwondo player athletes and the third group, non-athlete controls. Diameters of heart were measured by M-mode and 2-D echocardiography with a single observer in a blinded fashion. Results There were no significant differences in mean of end systolic diameter and posterior wall thickness of left ventricle in three groups, but other variables were significantly larger in middle-distance runner and taekwondo groups than the control group. The results of LSD test showed that mean of left ventricle end diastolic volume and interventricular septum thickness were significantly larger in middle-distance runners than taekwondo players. Means Variants Middle-distance runner Taekwondo players No athletes F p LVESD, mm 29.56±3.88 29.66±3.20 27.51±2.75 0.897 0.42 LVEDD, mm 50.46±3.20 50.17±3.52 45.51±3.44 5.35 0.012 LVEDV, ml 89.89±2.66 79.11±4.87 60.04±2.05 16.97 0 LVESV, ml 38.70±1.97 33.98±2.70 27.27±1.36 6.082 0.007 SV, ml 51.18±5.26 45.12±9.27 32.76±3.49 16.25 0 IVST, mm 9.57±0.024 8.86±0.024 7.97±0.024 10.38 0.001 PWT, mm 8.67±0.045 8.74±0.040 7.7±0.026 1.44 0.25 The stroke volume and volume of left ventricle of heart in anaerobic athlete teenagers with 3 years of background dynamic exercise, like taekwondo may increase as well as middle-distance runners. The results of present study are in agreement with the studies of Babet, Bary, Makan and Sanjay. Furthermore, dynamic exercise increases the thickness of walls of ventricle. This result is in accordance to Babet study.
Long-term Outcome of Initial Ciliary Ablation with Contact Diode Laser Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation for Severe Glaucoma
Authors: Omofolasade Kosoko, Douglas E. Gaasterland, Irvin P. Pollack, Cheryl L. Enger, James B. Wise, M. Bruce Shields, Douglas E. Gaasterland, Robert Ritch, Jeffrey N. Liebmann, Irvin P. Pollack, Donald A. Abrams, Joel S. Schuman, C. Davis Belcher
Journal: Ophthalmology (1996)
A Potential Oncogenic Activity of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor D in Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Carolyn V. Ustach, Marcus E. Taube, Newton J. Hurst, Sunita Bhagat, R. Daniel Bonfil, Michael L. Cher, Lucia Schuger, Hyeong-Reh Choi Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) proteins are potent stimulators of cell proliferation/transformation and play a major role in cell-cell communication. For over two decades, PDGFs were thought to exist as three dimeric polypeptides (the homodimers AA and BB and the heterodimer AB). Recently, however, the PDGF C and D chains were discovered in a BLAST search of the expressed sequence tag databases. The PDGF CC and DD dimers have a unique two-domain structure with an NH2-terminal CUB (compliment subcomponents C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1) domain and a COOH-terminal PDGF/vascular endothelial growth factor domain. Whereas secreted PDGF AA, BB, and AB readily activate their cell surface receptors, it was suggested that extracellular proteolytic removal of the CUB domain is required for the PDGF/vascular endothelial growth factor domain of PDGF CC and DD to activate PDGF receptors. In the present study, we examined the processing of latent PDGF D into its active form and the effects of PDGF D expression on prostate cancer progression. We show that LNCaP cells auto-activate latent PDGF DD into the active PDGF domain, which can induce phosphorylation of the β-PDGF receptor and stimulates LNCaP cell proliferation in an autocrine manner. Additionally, LNCaP-PDGF D-conditioned medium induces migration of the prostate fibroblast cell line 1532-FTX, indicating LNCaP-processed PDGF DD is active in a paracrine manner as well. In a severe combined immunodeficient mouse model, PDGF DD expression accelerates early onset of prostate tumor growth and drastically enhances prostate carcinoma cell interaction with surrounding stromal cells. These demonstrate a potential oncogenic activity of PDGF DD in the development and/or progression of prostate cancer.
3-month and 12-month mortality after first liver transplant in adults in Europe: predictive models for outcome
Authors: Andrew K Burroughs, Caroline A Sabin, Keith Rolles, Valerie Delvart, Vincent Karam, John Buckels, John G O'Grady, Denis Castaing, Jurgen Klempnauer, Neville Jamieson, Peter Neuhaus, Jan Lerut, Jean de Ville de Goyet, Stephen Pollard, Mauro Salizzoni, Xavier Rogiers, Ferdinand Muhlbacher, Juan Carlos Garcia Valdecasas, Christopher Broelsch, Daniel Jaeck, Joaquin Berenguer, Enrique Moreno Gonzalez, Rene Adam
Journal: The Lancet (2006)
The rtA194T polymerase mutation impacts viral replication and susceptibility to tenofovir in hepatitis B e antigen-positive and hepatitis B e antigen-negative hepatitis B virus strains
Authors: Samad Amini-Bavil-Olyaee, Ulf Herbers, Julie Sheldon, Tom Luedde, Christian Trautwein, Frank Tacke
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Tenofovir is a new effective treatment option for patients with chronic hepatitis B, but could be potentially hampered by mutations in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase conferring drug resistance. Drug resistance may occur preferentially if long-term administration is required, for example, in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative HBV infection bearing precore (PC) and basal core promoter (BCP) mutations. The rtA194T polymerase mutation has been found in HBV/HIV coinfected patients during tenofovir treatment and may be associated with tenofovir resistance. We generated replication-competent HBV constructs harboring rtA194T alone or in addition to lamivudine (LAM) resistance (rt180M + rtM204V), PC mutations, and BCP mutations and assessed their replicative capacity after transient transfection in human hepatoma cells. The rtA194T polymerase mutation alone or in conjunction with LAM resistance reduced the replication efficiency as compared with wild-type (WT) HBV. In contrast, combination of rtA194T (+/- LAM resistance) with HBeAg-negative PC or BCP mutants increased the replication capacity of the drug-resistant polymerase mutants, thereby restoring the viral replication to similar levels as WT clones. Clones harboring rtA194T showed partial resistance to tenofovir in vitro and also to LAM but remained susceptible to telbivudine and entecavir.The rtA194T polymerase mutation is associated with partial tenofovir drug resistance and negatively impacts replication competence of HBV constructs. Viral replication, however, can be restored to WT levels, if these polymerase mutations occur together with precore or basic core promoter substitutions as found in HBeAg-negative hepatitis B. Patients with HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection may therefore be at particular risk when developing drug resistance to tenofovir. Telbivudine or entecavir should be considered as effective alternative treatment options for these patients.
Regulation of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume by Pulmonary Arterial and Left Atrial Pressures
Authors: ROBERT B. KARP, PAUL D. GRAF, JAY A. NADEL
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

We used single-breath CO diffusing capacity to study the effect of changes in pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures on pulmonary capillary blood volume in 15 supine dogs whose lungs were perfused with a nonpulsatile pump. Effect of pulmonary arterial pressure: When left atrial pressure measured relative to the bottom of the lungs ≤ alveolar pressure, increasing pulmonary arterial pressure increased diffusing capacity markedly (mean, 0.71 ml/min x mm Hg per mm Hg change in pulmonary arterial pressure). When left atrial pressure ≥ alveolar pressure plus the height of the lungs, increasing pulmonary arterial pressure had less effect on diffusing capacity, although blood flow was increased through a wide range (mean, 0.22 ml/min x mm Hg CO per mm Hg increase in pulmonary arterial pressure). Effect of left atrial pressure: At zero flow, increasing left atrial pressure increased diffusing capacity markedly; when pulmonary arterial pressure was high, increasing left atrial pressure had no significant effect on diffusing capacity. Increasing bronchial arterial pressure from 0 to 150 mm Hg or inhaling 10.5% CO 2 had no effect on diffusing capacity. Injection into the pulmonary artery of glass microspheres decreased diffusing capacity only when left atrial pressure was low; their effect was exaggerated when pulmonary arterial pressure was high in the control state.
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCL (PLD; Caelyx/Doxil®): Experience with long-term maintenance in responding patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: E. Andreopoulou, D. Gaiotti, E. Kim, A. Downey, D. Mirchandani, A. Hamilton, Allan Jacobs, John Curtin, F. Muggia
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
Suppression of glioblastoma by targeting the overactivated protein neddylation pathway
Authors: Wei Hua, Chunjie Li, Zixiao Yang, Lihui Li, Yanan Jiang, Guangyang Yu, Wei Zhu, Zhengyan Liu, Shengzhong Duan, Yiwei Chu, Meng Yang, Yanmei Zhang, Ying Mao, Lijun Jia
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

The neddylation pathway has been recently identified as an attractive anticancer target, and MLN4924, a specific NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor, has been developed as a first-in-class anticancer agent. However, neither the status of the neddylation pathway in glioblastoma (GBM) nor the effect of MLN4924 against GBM has been systematically investigated yet. To measure the activation state of the neddylation pathway in GBM, expression of the NEDD8-activating enzyme (E1), NEDD8-conjugating enzyme (E2), and global protein neddylation in GBM tumor tissues versus adjacent tissues were examined by immunoblotting analysis and immunohistochemistry staining. To assess the therapeutic efficacy of neddylation inhibition in GBM, cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo were determined upon neddylation inhibition by MLN4924, an investigational NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor. The neddylation pathway was overactivated in a majority of GBM tumor tissues when compared with adjacent normal tissues. The upregulation of this pathway in GBM tissues was positively correlated with high-grade disease and postoperative recurrence but was negatively associated with patient overall survival. MLN4924 treatment inhibited cullin neddylation, inactivated cullin-RING E3 ligase, and led to the accumulation of tumor-suppressive cullin-RING E3 ligase substrates to trigger cell-cycle arrest and senescence or apoptosis in a cell-line dependent manner. Moreover, inhibition of neddylation by MLN4924 significantly suppressed tumor growth in an orthotopic xenograft model of human GBM. Our study indicates that an overactivated neddylation pathway may be involved in GBM progression and that inhibition of this oncogenic pathway is a potentially new therapeutic approach for GBM.
Toward Efficient Trials in Colorectal Cancer: The ARCAD Clinical Trials Program
Authors: Aimery de Gramont, Daniel G. Haller, Daniel J. Sargent, Josep Tabernero, Alastair Matheson, Richard L. Schilsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Aimery de Gramont, Hopital Saint Antoine, Paris, France Daniel G. Haller, Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA Daniel J. Sargent, Mayo Clinic, Cancer Center Statistics, Rochester, MN Josep Tabernero, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Medical Oncology Service, Barcelona, Spain Alastair Matheson, Foundation ARCAD, Paris, France Richard L. Schilsky, University of Chicago, Biological Sciences Division, Chicago, IL
THE NUCLEIC ACID AND CARBOHYDRATE OF INFLUENZA VIRUS
Authors: C. A. Knight
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

Both ribonucleic and desoxyribonucleic acids have been obtained from purified particles of PR8 influenza virus. These particles were also found by extraction with formamide to contain carbohydrate in addition to that of the nucleic acids. Carbohydrate-rich fractions, essentially devoid of nucleic acid, were obtained not only from the particles representing PR8 virus but from those of Lee influenza virus as well. The carbohydrate in each case appeared to be a polysaccharide composed of mannose, galactose, and glucosamine units.
Presence of IgT-C and I-A subregion-encoded determinants on distinct chains of monoclonal antigen-specific augmenting factor derived from a T cell hybridoma.
Authors: P B Nakajima, A Ochi, F L Owen, T Tada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Monoclonal antibodies specific for mouse T cell alloantigens, Tindd and Tsud, linked to the Igh-1 locus on chromosome 12, were used to directly define the antigen-binding molecule produced by a cloned hybridoma. The T cell hybridoma, FL10, was established from antigen-binding T cells of A/J mice. FL10 produces an antigen-specific augmenting T cell factor (TaF) that bears a unique I region-controlled determinant (I-A) and has antigen-binding capacity. The Tindd, but not the Tsud, determinant was detected on the surface of FL10. The presence of both Tindd and I-A subregion-controlled determinants on FL10-derived TaF was directly demonstrated by the adsorption of TaF with immunoadsorbents prepared with monoclonal antibodies. The Igh-1-linked T cell alloantigen, Tsud, was not found on TaF. Further experiments indicated that Tindd is present on the antigen-binding polypeptide chain and not on the second chain bearing the I-A determinant. Despite the presence of the Tindd determinant on hybridoma-derived TaF, augmentation induced by TaF was restricted by the H-2 type of the responding mice and not by the Igh-1 allotype.
Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Temporal Arteritis
Authors: A. St.J. Dixon, C. Beardwell, A. Kay, J. Wanka, Y. T. Wong
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1966)

<h3>Background</h3> Metastatic sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) is an aggressive variant of RCC with generally poor prognosis. Treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors or chemotherapy generates only short-lived responses. Recent research has suggested a role for combination checkpoint inhibition as first line treatment for metastatic sRCC. This therapy consists of induction with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 inhibitor, ipilimumab, administered with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, nivolumab. After completion of four cycles of combination therapy, single-agent maintenance nivolumab is recommended until progression. Patients who progress on maintenance nivolumab are switched to alternate therapy. Herein, we present a case of a patient with RCC who progressed on maintenance nivolumab who, on retreatment with ipilimumab, demonstrated a significant response In addition, we summarize important findings to support the role of salvage ipilimumab in patients with sRCC. <h3>Case presentation</h3> A 46-year-old man presented with flank pain and hematuria, the work up of which noted a left kidney mass for which he underwent nephrectomy and was diagnosed with localized sRCC with 60% sarcomatoid differentiation. Within 3 months of nephrectomy, he presented with recurrent flank pain and was diagnosed with recurrence of disease. He was treated with ipilimumab 1 mg/kg and nivolumab 3 mg/kg for four doses and demonstrated a partial response. He was then transitioned to single agent nivolumab maintenance. After 3 months on maintenance therapy, he was noted to have progression of disease. Given prior response to immune check point combination, it was decided to rechallenge the patient with 1 mg/kg ipilimumab. After two doses of ipilimumab and nivolumab combination therapy, the patient was noted to have a partial response. He maintained a response for an additional 9 months and treatment was eventually discontinued due to grade 3 toxicity and progression. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This case report demonstrates the utility of retreatment with ipilimumab as a salvage option for patients progressing on maintenance PD-1 inhibitors in metastatic RCC. Further studies are needed to identify predictors of response and toxicity to this approach, as well as the optimal scheduling of ipilimumab with maintenance nivolumab.
Genetic Variations in the 5-Lipoxygenase Core Promoter
Authors: ERIC S. SILVERMAN, JEFFREY M. DRAZEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The regulation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) activity occurs at multiple steps and is quite complex; each of the regulatory steps has been the subject of intense investigation. Regulation of 5-LO product output is known to occur by regulation of availability and catalytic action of 5-LO. With respect to 5-LO protein availability there are data documenting regulation at the level of gene transcription (1-4), gene translation (5), and gene product translocation within the cell (6, 7). With respect to catalytic action, regulation of 5-LO product production is known to be influenced by the availability of its major substrate arachidonic acid (8). Another mechanism regulating 5-LO catalytic activity is termed suicide inactivation and results from the oxidative inactivation of the functional enzyme by its primary catalytic product, leukotrienne A 4  (LTA 4 ). Suicide inactivation is irreversible and occurs only when 5-LO is catalytically active (9). Thus, if a cell with catalytically active 5-LO is to sustain product output, there must be a means by which to replace the inactivated enzyme. Since 5-LO output is known to be sustained, de novo production of the enzyme must take place; therefore, it is critical to examine the factors regulating 5-LO gene transcription and translation. Indeed, among these points of regulation of 5-LO gene transcription and translation, we have identified a novel mechanism potentially accounting for variability of 5-LO transcriptional regulation among individuals, namely genetic variation due to mutations in the 5-LO core promoter. We review effects of these mutations in the context of regulation of 5-LO gene transcription.
Metabolite profiling of blood from individuals undergoing planned myocardial infarction reveals early markers of myocardial injury
Authors: Gregory D. Lewis, Ru Wei, Emerson Liu, Elaine Yang, Xu Shi, Maryann Martinovic, Laurie Farrell, Aarti Asnani, Marcoli Cyrille, Arvind Ramanathan, Oded Shaham, Gabriel Berriz, Patricia A. Lowry, Igor F. Palacios, Murat Ta_an, Frederick P. Roth, Jiangyong Min, Christian Baumgartner, Hasmik Keshishian, Terri Addona, Vamsi K. Mootha, Anthony Rosenzweig, Steven A. Carr, Michael A. Fifer, Marc S. Sabatine, Robert E. Gerszten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Emerging metabolomic tools have created the opportunity to establish metabolic signatures of myocardial injury. We applied a mass spectrometry–based metabolite profiling platform to 36 patients undergoing alcohol septal ablation treatment for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, a human model of planned myocardial infarction (PMI). Serial blood samples were obtained before and at various intervals after PMI, with patients undergoing elective diagnostic coronary angiography and patients with spontaneous myocardial infarction (SMI) serving as negative and positive controls, respectively. We identified changes in circulating levels of metabolites participating in pyrimidine metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and its upstream contributors, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Alterations in levels of multiple metabolites were detected as early as 10 minutes after PMI in an initial derivation group and were validated in a second, independent group of PMI patients. A PMI-derived metabolic signature consisting of aconitic acid, hypoxanthine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and threonine differentiated patients with SMI from those undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography with high accuracy, and coronary sinus sampling distinguished cardiac-derived from peripheral metabolic changes. Our results identify a role for metabolic profiling in the early detection of myocardial injury and suggest that similar approaches may be used for detection or prediction of other disease states.
All aggressive lymphoma subtypes do not share similar outcome after front-line autotransplantation: a matched-control analysis by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (GELA)
Authors: N. Mounier, C. Gisselbrecht, J. Brière, C. Haioun, P. Feugier, F. Offner, C. Recher, A. Stamatoullas, F. Morschhauser, M. Macro, C. Thieblemont, A. Sonet, B. Fabiani, F. Reyes
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)