tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Derivation, validation, and evaluation of a new QRISK model to estimate lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease: cohort study using QResearch database
Authors: J. Hippisley-Cox, C. Coupland, J. Robson, P. Brindle
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> Inflammation and degeneration of the intracranial saccular aneurysm wall play a major role in aneurysm formation, development and subsequent rupture. The aim of this study was to characterize the walls of unruptured intracranial aneurysms by using a hybrid of opposite-contrast MRA at 3T. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> Fourteen consecutive patients with 17 unruptured intracranial aneurysms who initially underwent clipping surgery were prospectively evaluated. All aneurysms were scanned preoperatively by using a hybrid of opposite-contrast MRA in 3T high-resolution MR imaging. We classified intraoperative findings of atherosclerotic plaques in the aneurysms into 3 grades: grade A (major plaques), grade B (minor plaques), and grade C (no plaques). The contrast ratio of the high-intensity area was also measured relative to the background low-intensity area inside the carotid artery. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Findings from preoperative plaque imaging of the aneurysm corresponded to the intraoperative findings in 15 of 16 aneurysms (excluding 1 that was impossible to visualize in its entirety due to anatomic reasons). Overall sensitivity and specificity of the hybrid of opposite-contrast MRA were 88.9% and 100%, respectively. During the operation, 4 aneurysms were classified as grade A; 5, as grade B; and 7, as grade C. The means of the contrast ratio for grades A, B, and C were 0.72 ± 0.03, 0.34 ± 0.30, and −0.02 ± 0.09, respectively. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> The hybrid of opposite-contrast MRA can detect visible atherosclerotic plaques in the unruptured aneurysm wall, and the contrast ratio in intracranial aneurysms correlated with their presence and extent. A study including a larger series is needed to validate the diagnostic potential of this imaging technique.
Heterogeneous changes in K currents in rat ventricles three days after myocardial infarction
Authors: J Yao
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

After coronary artery occlusion, surviving myocardium in and around the infarct zone plays an important role in arrhythmogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms for derangements in cardiac electrical activity at the cellular and molecular levels is important for the design of effective therapeutic strategies.To provide part of that understanding, we studied changes in K channel function and expression in rat ventricular myocardium three days after occluding the left major coronary artery. The epicardium and endocardium of infarcted region in the left ventricle and the free wall of right ventricle were separated for myocyte isolation, followed by whole-cell voltage clamp studies. Myocytes were also isolated from corresponding regions of control and sham-operated hearts and studied under the same conditions.We found that the transient outward (Ito), delayed rectifier (IK) and inward rectifier (IKI) currents have different distribution patterns in normal rat ventricular myocardium. Sham-operation did not affect any of these K currents in left ventricular myocytes, but coronary artery occlusion caused a reduction of all three. For Ito and IKI the reduction was greater in epicardial than in endocardial myocytes, but IK was reduced equally in these two cell groups. Unexpectedly, Ito and IK as well as cell capacitance were increased in right ventricular myocytes from infarcted as well as sham-operated hearts. Western blot analysis indicated that the level of Kv4 channel proteins (Kv4.2 + Kv4.3) was reduced in infarcted left ventricular myocardium, consistent with the reduction in Ito.Our data suggest that the distribution of K channels and changes in them induced by coronary artery occlusion are heterogeneous in ventricular myocardium. Understanding the molecular mechanisms for this heterogeneity and its implications in arrhythmogenesis poses a challenge in designing effective antiarrhythmic therapy for myocardial infarction patients.
In memoriam Professor Paul Vermeire, 1936 2007: a tribute from the ERJ Chief Editors
Authors: M. Decramer, E. Berglund, U. Costabel, P. J. Sterk, K. F. Rabe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

the age of 71 years, after a long and courageous battle against cancer.His passing is an immense loss to the ERJ and the European Respiratory Society (ERS
Contractures and increase in internal longitudianl resistance of cow ventricular muscle induced by hypoxia.
Authors: J Wojtczak
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

This study was performed to determine whether hypoxia in glucose-free solutions can increase the electrical resistance of intercellular junctions in ventricular muscle. Internal longitudinal resistance (Ri), mechanical tension, and transmembrane action potentials were measured simultaneously in cow ventricular trabeculae. The mean control value of Ri was 265 +/- 38 omegacm (mean +/- SE) at 34 degrees C. After 1 hour of hypoxia in glucose-free Tyrode's solution, it had increased by 300 +/- 41% (n = 11, P less than 0.001). The rise in Ri was closely related to the increase in resting tension (contracture). These effects were more pronounced during a second exposure to hypoxia and were potentiated by application of epinephrine, by increasing extracellular calcium concentration, and by increasing frequency of stimulation. Addition of glucose (50 mM) provided some protection against hypoxia. It is inferred that the increase in Ri is entirely due to the increase in the resistance of intercellular junctions (electrical uncoupling). Intracellular calcium may be responsible for both the contracture and the uncoupling.
PISTOL SHOT WOUND OF ABDOMEN; WITH RECOVERY.
Authors: A. E. SCOFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1896)

July 24, 1896, I was called into the country to see a 14 year old German boy, accidentally shot in abdomen with a pistol from a distance of 8 feet. He was quite weak; not much pain unless by pressure, and some dullness over lower abdomen; had vomited twice, temperature 97.5 degrees, pulse 85. The ball had entered 2½ inches from umbilicus at a point 1½ inches below a line from umbilicus to the anterior-superior spine of ileum. The sanitary conditions were most unfavorable, the family temporarily living in a 10 by 10 feet granary, with a dirty hen house attached. I informed the family an operation would be imperative and had an abundance of water boiled and returned to my office for assistance, instruments and dressings. Being unable to obtain surgical help I invoked the aid of two non-professionals and returned, put the boy on a table out of door
Clinical concepts for regenerative therapy in intrabony defects
Authors: Pierpaolo Cortellini, Maurizio S. Tonetti
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2015)

Abstract Evidence indicates that periodontal regeneration is an efficacious and predictable procedure for the treatment of isolated and multiple intrabony defects. Meta‐analyses from systematic reviews indicate an added benefit, in terms of clinical attachment level gain, when demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft, barrier membranes and active biologic products/compounds are applied in addition to open flap debridement. On the other hand, a consistent amount of variability of the outcomes is evident among different studies and within the experimental population of each study. This variability is explained, at least in part, by different patient and defect characteristics. Patient‐related factors include smoking habit, compliance with home oral hygiene and residual inflammation after cause‐related therapy. Defect‐associated factors include defect depth and radiographic angle, the number of residual bony walls, pocket depth and the degree of hypermobility. In addition, surgical‐related variables, such as surgical skill, clinical experience and knowledge, and application of the different regenerative materials, have a significant impact on clinical outcomes. This paper presents a strategy to optimize the clinical outcomes of periodontal regeneration. The surgical design of the flap, the use of different regenerative materials and the application of appropriate passive sutures are discussed in this review along with the scientific foundations.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Brain Structural Changes and Neurocognitive Function before and after Treatment
Authors: Nicola Canessa, Vincenza Castronovo, Stefano F. Cappa, Mark S. Aloia, Sara Marelli, Andrea Falini, Federica Alemanno, Luigi Ferini-Strambi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is commonly associated with neurocognitive impairments that have not been consistently related to specific brain structure abnormalities. Knowledge of the brain structures involved in OSA and the corresponding functional implications could provide clues to the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and its reversibility in this disorder.To investigate the cognitive deficits and the corresponding brain morphology changes in OSA, and the modifications after treatment, using combined neuropsychologic testing and voxel-based morphometry.A total of 17 patients treatment-naive to sleep apnea and 15 age-matched healthy control subjects underwent a sleep study, cognitive tests, and magnetic resonance imaging. After 3 months of treatment, cognitive and imaging data were collected to assess therapy efficacy.Neuropsychologic results in pretreatment OSA showed impairments in most cognitive areas, and in mood and sleepiness. These impairments were associated with focal reductions of gray-matter volume in the left hippocampus (entorhinal cortex), left posterior parietal cortex, and right superior frontal gyrus. After treatment, we observed significant improvements involving memory, attention, and executive-functioning that paralleled gray-matter volume increases in hippocampal and frontal structures.The cognitive and structural deficits in OSA may be secondary to sleep deprivation and repetitive nocturnal intermittent hypoxemia. These negative effects may be recovered by consistent and thorough treatment. Our findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis and successful treatment of this disorder.
Eric Kurt Ledermann
Authors: David Sturgeon, Elizabeth Sturgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

​FormerFormer consultant Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital and consultant psychiatrist Marlborough Psychiatric Day Hospital, London (b Berlin 1908; q Berlin, then Edinburgh 1934; MD, FFHom, FRCPsych), died from coronary heart disease on 7 May 2005.




Figure 1



Credit: PETER LURIE




After leaving Nazi Germany in 1933, Eric Ledermann requalified in Edinburgh. He was appointed to the Glasgow Homeopathic Hospital as a house physician, and then came to London in 1936 to begin his own practice, combining this with work at the Royal London Homoeopathic Hospital. He joined the Nature Cure Clinic in 1936 and practised there for over 50 years. He published several books on good health through natural therapy. Ledermann's interest in philosophy led him to develop a form of psychotherapy he termed “true-self psychotherapy,” which aimed to make “the unconscious conscience conscious.” He was the author of Philosophy and Medicine (1970) and Existential Neurosis (1972). Predeceased by his wife, Marjorie, he leaves two children and five grandchildren.
CARBON NANOTUBES INSTRUCT PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWTH AND FUNCTIONALLY MATURE SYNCYTIA: NON-GENETIC ENGINEERING OF CARDIAC MYOCYTES
Authors: Luisa Mestroni, Valentina Martinelli, Giada Cellot, Francesca M. Toma, Carlin Long, John Caldwell, Lorena Zentilin, Mauro Giacca, Antonio Turco, Maurizio Prato, Laura Ballerini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF X-RADIATION ON ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS
Authors: Frank J. Dixon, James C. Roberts, William O. Weigle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

X-radiation appears to exert its inhibitory effect on the antibody response by two mutually dependent routes: (a) direct radiation injury to the antibody-producing lymphoid tissue, and (b) indirect effects of altered homeostasis in the radiated host on antibody-producing tissues. Neither of these two effects alone produces significant inhibition of the secondary antibody response made by transferred lymphoid cells. However, 400 to 500 r administered in vitro to the transferred cells, plus 400 r whole body x-radiation of the recipient prior to transfer, completely inhibited the antibody response.
CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS OF MALARIA IN NON-IMMUNE RESIDENTS IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA
Authors: DonaldG. Mclarty, Marjatta Jaatinen, M. Murru, B. Aubert, RogerH. Webber, C.H. Kihamia, M. Kumano, L.W. Magnuson
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
The 894T allele of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is related to left ventricular mass in African Americans with high-normal blood pressure
Authors: Rigobert Lapu-Bula, Alexander Quarshie, Deborah Lyn, Adefisayo Oduwole, Cheryl Pack, Jan Morgan, Priscilla Igho-Pemu, Rongling Li, Elizabeth Ofili
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Prognosis in heart failure with preserved left ventricular systolic function: prospective cohort study
Authors: Philip A MacCarthy, Mark T Kearney, James Nolan, Amanda J Lee, Robin J Prescott, Ajay M Shah, W Paul Brooksby, Keith A A Fox
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Chronic heart failure due to left ventricular systolic impairment is characterised by a poor prognosis and abnormalities of cardiac structure, autonomic and neurohumoral function, and fluid and electrolyte homoeostasis, all of which are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of this condition.However, some studies have found that 30-50% of all patients with chronic heart failure have preserved left ventricular systolic function. 1Despite this, the natural course of the condition in these patients is controversial, and their pathophysiological characterisation poor.As a result, optimum treatment strategies are unclear.We looked at five year mortality in patients recruited to a large cohort study of chronic heart failure, comparing those having impairment of left ventricular function with those having preserved function.
The Academic Viability of General Internal Medicine
Authors: ROBERT H. FRIEDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

A national survey of department of medicine chairmen was conducted to learn their views of the status of academic general internal medicine. Developing a research program in general internal medicine was considered a high priority by 60% of the department chairmen at the time their general internal medicine divisions were established, and by 1981, 83% considered this a high priority. However, only 17% stated that significant progress had been made by the division at their institutions toward achieving this goal. Chairmen identified problems with funding for research, their faculty's ability to do research, and available time of faculty to conduct research. They stated their intention to assist the division of general internal medicine in developing a research program through financial and organizational support. At least two thirds planned to recruit selectively general internal medicine faculty who had research backgrounds and interests and to require the existing faculty to do research as a condition for continued appointment.
Adding retinal photography to screening for diabetic retinopathy: a prospective study in primary care
Authors: J P O'Hare, A Hopper, C Madhaven, M Charny, T S Purewal, B Harney, J Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate whether adding retinal photography improved community screening for diabetic retinopathy. <b>Setting</b>: Mobile screening unit at rural and urban general practices in south west England. <b>Subjects</b>: 1010 diabetic patients from primary care. <b>Design</b>: Prospective study; patients were examined by ophthalmoscopy by general practitioners or opticians without fundal photographs and again with photographs, and assessments were compared to those of an ophthalmologist. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Whether fundal photography improved the sensitivity of detection of retinopathy and referrable diabetic retinopathy, and whether this sensitivity could be improved by including a review of the films by the specialist. <b>Results</b>: Diabetic retinopathy was detected by the ophthalmologist in 205 patients (20.5%) and referrable retinopathy in 49 (4.9%). The sensitivity of the general practitioners and opticians for referrable retinopathy with opthalmoscopy was 65% and improved to 84% with retinal photographs. General practitioners9 sensitivity in detecting background retinopathy improved with photographs from 22% to 65%; opticians9 sensitivity in detecting background retinopathy improved from 43% to 71%. The sensitivity of detecting referrable retinopathy by general practitioners improved from 56% to 80% with photographs; for opticians it improved from 75% to 88%. <b>Conclusion</b>: Combining modalities of screening by providing photography with specialist review of all films in addition to direct ophthalmoscopy through dilated pupils improves assessment and referral for diabetic retinopathy by general practitioners and opticians. With further training and experience, primary care screeners should be able to achieve a sensitivity that will achieve an effective, acceptable, and economical community based screening programme for this condition. <h3>Key messages</h3> Ophthalmoscopy alone in primary care misses early diabetic retinopathy and is insensitive as a screening modality Using photography in addition to ophthalmoscopy, general practitioners and opticians can increase the correct and early diagnosis of sight threatening and background retinopathy The sensitivity of screening is further improved by having a specialist assess the photographs This method is highly cost effective: it costs £12.50 per patient screened to provide photographs—an estimated £1100 per patient whose sight is saved
Sulindac in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Andrei Calin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Ankylosing spondylitis affects about 1% of the population. In the past, evaluation of therapy in the management of this disease has been hampered by the lack of availability of objective criteria for following the condition. By using recently developed measurements of spinal mobility and other variables we have compared sulindac, a recently introduced nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, and indomethacin in a double-blind six-month parallel study of 30 patients. Sulindac and indomethacin have comparable efficacy and tolerance. Advantages of sulindac include a twice-a-day dose regimen.
Hemodynamic Data and Angiographic Findings after Mustard Repair for Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: HECTOR L. RODRIGUEZ-FERNANDEZ, DAVID T. KELLY, AGUSTIN COLLADO, J. ALEX HALLER, L. JEROME KROVETZ, RICHARD D. ROWE
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Eleven childrern with uncomplicated transposition of the great arteries repaired by the Mustard procedure were studied by atrial pacing, cardiac catheterization, and cineangiography. Nine had persistent postoperative ectopic cardiac rhythms. Atrial pacing in five suggested sinus node damage in four and A-V junctional conduction tissue damage in one. In seven children dye-dilution curves indicated small right-to-left shunts. In all seven superior vena cava cineangiograms showed leaks in the baffle at the superior atrial junction. In the other 10, sequential pressures in the superior vena cava, physiologic right atrium, and inferior vena cava showed no evidence of obstruction to systemic venous return. The three complications related to placement of the atrial baffle seemed to be due in large part to technical difficulties in suturing the baffle in the vulnerable sinus node region. There were no differences in the postoperative hemodynamics between the five patients repaired at a younger age because of severe cyanosis and the five larger children who had been repaired electively. Our results support the aim for early surgical correction in uncomplicated transposition of the great arteries.
59 CYTOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF EXENDIN-4, A GLP-1 RECEPTOR AGONIST, ON THE BILIARY EPITHELIUM
Authors: M. Marzioni, G. Alpini, S. Saccomanno, G. Fava, C. Candelaresi, C. Rychlicki, H. Francis, L. Trozzi, J. Venter, A. Benedetti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Medial tibial stress syndrome due to methotrexate osteopathy
Authors: P Alonso-Bartolome
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate antagonist with well known side effects, which mainly include haematological and hepatic adverse events, and less frequently lung or bone toxicities. The use of MTX in high doses has been associated with an osteopathy, which is characterised by severe bone pain, osteoporosis, and insufficiency fractures of the legs.1 We present two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who developed medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) while taking low dose MTX.

The first patient, a 69 year old woman, had a history of RA diagnosed in 2001.2 After 1 year’s treatment with MTX (10 mg/week), she reported a 1 month history of severe pain in the medial part of the left tibia. The pain had an acute onset, prevented her from walking, and was relieved by …
Sclerotherapy of a Bleeding Duodenal Varix
Authors: T. Sauerbruch, M. Weinzierl, H.P. Dietrich, G. Antes, J. Eisenburg, G. Paumgartner
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

See also: Successful Endoscopic Hemostasis of Duodenal Variceal Bleeding with HistoacrylEndoscopy 1993; 25(02): 194-194DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010287 See also: Endoscopic Treatment of a Bleeding Duodenal Varix Using N-Butyl-2-CyanoacrylateEndoscopy 1993; 25(06): 434-434DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010357 See also: Endoscopic Treatment of Bleeding Duodenal Varices by Bucrylate InjectionEndoscopy 1993; 25(06): 432-433DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010356
Analysis of the Roles of Glucose Transporter 1 and Hexokinase 2 in the Metabolism of Glucose by Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer Cells
Authors: Sun Och Yoon, Tae Joo Jeon, Joon Seong Park, Yong Hoon Ryu, Jae-Hoon Lee, Jung Sik Yoo, Jae Keun Kim, Dong Sup Yoon, Eun Ji Oh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Extrahepatic bile duct (EHD) cancer varies in uptake of FDG. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 and hexokinase (HK) 2 in the glucose metabolism of EHD cancer cells using immunohistochemistry and 18F-FDG PET/CT.Twenty-six patients with EHD cancer who underwent baseline PET/CT and surgery were studied. Biopsies were immunohistochemically analyzed using antibodies against GLUT1 and HK2, and the expression was scored from 0 to 4 according to the percentage of stained cells. SUV and tumor-to-liver ratio (T/L ratio) were obtained from 18F-FDG PET/CT data. SUV and T/L ratio and GLUT1 and HK2 expression were compared with histological grades and tumor locations (proximal and distal EHD) to correlate glucose metabolism with the expression of GLUT1 and HK2.SUV, T/L ratio, and GLUT1 and HK2 expression did not differ as a function of histological grade and tumor location. GLUT1 and HK2 were expressed in 20 (76.9%) and 22 (84.6%) of 26 tumor biopsies, respectively. The GLUT1 score, SUV, and T/L ratio increased, and the GLUT1 score, but not the HK2 score, correlated significantly with SUV (ρ = 0.648) and T/L ratio (ρ = 0.703). There was no direct correlation between the expression of GLUT1 and that of HK2 (ρ = 0.2046, P = 0.3161).Although GLUT1 and HK2 regulate intracellular accumulation of FDG in many cancers, only GLUT1 expression was correlated with FDG uptake by EHD cancers.