tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchial responsiveness and work-related asthma in aluminium potroom workers: effect of removal from exposure
Authors: V Soyseth, J Kongerud, J Boe, T Fonneland
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1992)

Twelve subjects relocated from aluminium potrooms due to work-related asthma were followed up for 2-27 months (median 23 months). Repeated post-relocation examinations (numbering 3-7, median 6) of methacholine challenge, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), eosinophil cell count and respiratory symptoms were carried out at regular intervals. At the time of relocation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (provoking concentration producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) less than or equal to 8.0 mg.ml-1) was found in eight of the subjects. During the follow-up period a twofold increase in PC20 was found in 7 of the 8 subjects who had PC20 less than 8.0 mg.ml-1 at the time of relocation. There was an improvement of symptoms but no improvement in FEV1 or decrease of eosinophils during the follow-up examinations.
Variables in the preparation of the large intestine for double contrast barium enema examination.
Authors: J R Lee, J R Ferrando
Journal: Gut (1984)

This study examines which methods are most appropriate for preparation of the large bowel for double contrast barium enema. Two proprietary laxatives, X-Prep and Picolax, mechanical colonic lavage, and dietary restriction were evaluated in a randomised study of 160 patients. Four alternative preparations were compared with or without dietary restriction. The four preparations were X-Prep alone, X-Prep plus lavage, Picolax alone, and Picolax plus lavage. Scoring of the radiographs was carried out on a double blind basis. Picolax proved superior to X-Prep overall (p less than 0.01) but this was almost entirely because of its greater effect in the right colon and transverse colon. Cleansing in the left colon and rectosigmoid was similar with both laxatives. Restriction of solid food improved bowel cleansing and gave better results than mechanical lavage. The addition of a colonic lavage in starved patients did not significantly improve the quality of bowel preparation with either laxative.
Adrenalectomy reduces neuropeptide Y–induced insulin release and NPY receptor expression in the rat ventromedial hypothalamus
Authors: Todd Wisialowski, Rachel Parker, Elaine Preston, Amanda Sainsbury, Edward Kraegen, Herbert Herzog, Gregory Cooney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Chronic central administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) causes hyperphagia, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity, a response that is prevented by prior adrenalectomy (ADX) in rats. The basis of NPY's effect and how the acute responses to this peptide are affected by ADX remain unknown. This study investigates the role of glucocorticoids in acute NPY-stimulated food intake, acute NPY-induced insulin release, and hypothalamic NPY-receptor mRNA expression levels. NPY-induced food intake was similar in ADX and control rats after acute intracerebroventricular injection of NPY. Injection of NPY caused a significant increase in plasma insulin in control rats, but this effect was completely absent in ADX rats in which basal plasma insulin levels were also lower than controls. In addition, ADX significantly reduced the number of neurons expressing NPY receptor Y1 and Y5 mRNAs in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), without affecting Y1- or Y5-mRNA expression in the paraventricular hypothalamus or the arcuate nucleus. These data indicate that glucocorticoids are necessary for acute NPY-mediated insulin release and suggest that the mechanisms involve glucocorticoid regulation of Y1 and Y5 receptors specifically within the VMH nucleus.
Automated Prediction of Apnea and Hypopnea, Using a LAMSTAR Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Jonathan A. Waxman, Daniel Graupe, David W. Carley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

The prediction of individual episodes of apnea and hypopnea in people with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has not been thoroughly investigated. Accurate prediction of these events could improve clinical management of this prevalent disease.To evaluate the performance of a system developed to predict episodes of obstructive apnea and hypopnea in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea; to determine the most important signals for making accurate and reliable predictions.We employed LArge Memory STorage And Retrieval (LAMSTAR) artificial neural networks to predict apnea and hypopnea. Wavelet transform-based preprocessing was applied to six physiological signals obtained from a set of polysomnography studies and used to train and test the networks.We tested prediction performance during non-REM and REM sleep as a function of data segment duration and prediction lead time. Measurements included average sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values. Prediction performed best during non-REM sleep, using 30-second segments to predict events up to 30 seconds into the future. Most events were correctly predicted up to 60 seconds in the future. Apnea prediction achieved a sensitivity and specificity up to 80.6 +/- 5.6 and 72.8 +/- 6.6%, respectively. Hypopnea prediction achieved a sensitivity and specificity up to 74.4 +/- 5.9 and 68.8 +/- 7.0%., respectively.We report, to our knowledge, the first system to predict individual episodes of apnea and hypopnea. The most important signal for apnea prediction was submental electromyography. The most important signals for hypopnea prediction were submental electromyography and heart rate variability. This prediction system may facilitate improved therapies for obstructive sleep apnea.
Management of Chronic Heart Failure Guided by Individual N-Terminal Pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Targets
Authors: Luc W.M. Eurlings, Petra E.J. van Pol, Wouter E. Kok, Sandra van Wijk, Cara Lodewijks-van der Bolt, Aggie H.M.M. Balk, Dirk J.A. Lok, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Dave J.W. van Kraaij, Nicolaas de Jonge, Joan G. Meeder, Martin Prins, Yigal M. Pinto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
P247 Impact of Implementing COPD Self Management Plans &amp; Rescue Medications Across 3 Hospitals: Abstract P247 Table 1
Authors: H Khachi, M Hodson, V Welsby, R Hudson, CM Roberts
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> COPD is the second leading cause of emergency admissions in the UK. National guidelines for managing COPD advise that patients at risk of having or those who have had an exacerbation of COPD should be given self-management advice that encourages them to respond promptly to their symptoms. As part of this, they should be given a course of oral antibiotics and corticosteroids to keep at home for use in the event of an exacerbation. Whilst this approach is established with a strong evidence base in asthma, evidence suggestive that this is effective in reducing hospital admissions and readmissions in COPD is inconsistent.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Aims and Objectives</h3> This study aims to assess the impact of implementing a unified self management strategy, consisting of self management plan, education and rescue medications, in reducing hospital inpatient readmissions at 30 and 90 days. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was carried out over six months, across three acute hospitals, between November 2010 and April 2011. All patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of COPD exacerbation were included and given the following unless there were any contra-indications for providing this: A unified written self management plan Rescue medication of a 7 day course of prednisolone and 5 day course of antibiotic Education on self management and how to use their rescue medication To assess the impact of the self management strategy, data was collected for both patients who did and did not receive this intervention. For the purpose of accuracy, 10% of data was cross-checked by an independent person. <h3>Results</h3> During the 6 month audit period, 457 patients with acute hospital admission for COPD exacerbation were recruited, with 68%, 54.6% and 24.5% (mean 40.1%) of patients at each of the 3 sites receiving a self management plan and rescue medication. Main reasons for not receiving included patients not speaking English, couldn’t understand self management advice or refused to self manage. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Self management and rescue medication is associated with a reduction in 30 and 90 day readmission rates by 12.5% and 4.3% respectively. A high proportion of patients did not receive these for practical reasons which need addressing for future evaluations. <h3>References</h3> Walters JAE, Turnock AC, Walters EH et al. Action plans with limited patient education only for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews issue 5: CD005074. 2010.
Asphyxia while swallowing solid food caused by bronchial compression: a variant of the pneumonectomy syndrome.
Authors: K M Fong, K D McNeil, K P Kennedy, K S Matar, P H Cole, J B Partridge
Journal: Thorax (1994)

A 40 year old man presented with recurrent episodes of dyspnoea whilst swallowing solid food. He had undergone right pneumonectomy and thoracoplasty for recurrent pneumonias and empyema 23 years previously. Solid food boluses appeared to cause bronchial obstruction by compressing the surgically distorted left main bronchus. This is a new variant of the post pneumonectomy syndrome.
Proteomic analysis of mantle-cell lymphoma by protein microarray
Authors: Irene M. Ghobrial, Daniel J. McCormick, Scott H. Kaufmann, Alexey A. Leontovich, David A. Loegering, Nga T. Dai, Kelly L. Krajnik, Mary J. Stenson, Mona F. Melhem, Anne J. Novak, Stephen M. Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig
Journal: Blood (2005)
Prevention of smooth muscle cell outgrowth from human atherosclerotic plaque by a recombinant cytotoxin specific for the epidermal growth factor receptor.
Authors: J G Pickering, P A Bacha, L Weir, J Jekanowski, J C Nichols, J M Isner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Smooth muscle cell proliferation in the intima of arteries is a principal event associated with vascular narrowing after balloon angioplasty and bypass surgery. Techniques for limiting smooth muscle cell proliferation, however, have not as yet yielded any therapeutic benefit for these conditions. This may reflect the present lack of sufficiently potent and specific inhibitors of smooth muscle cell proliferation. DAB389 EGF is a genetically engineered fusion protein in which the receptor-binding domain of diphtheria toxin has been replaced by human epidermal growth factor. We evaluated the effect of this fusion toxin on human vascular smooth muscle cells in culture. Incubation of proliferating cells with DAB389 EGF yielded a dose-dependent inhibition of protein synthesis, as assessed by uptake of [3H]leucine, with an IC50 of 40 pM. The cytotoxic effect was inhibited in the presence of excess EGF or with monoclonal antibody to the EGF receptor. We further studied the effect of the fusion toxin on smooth muscle cell outgrowth from human atherosclerotic plaque. Outgrowth was markedly inhibited after as little as 1 h of exposure to the fusion protein. Furthermore, complete inhibition of proliferation of cells within the plaque could be attained. These results demonstrate that DAB389 EGF is highly cytotoxic to human smooth muscle cells proliferating in culture and can prevent smooth muscle cell outgrowth from "growth-stimulated" human atherosclerotic plaque. DAB389 EGF may therefore be of therapeutic value in vascular diseases characterized by smooth muscle cell accumulation.
Importance of the redox state in vasoconstriction induced by adrenaline and serotonin
Authors: E. PAPADOPULOS-ELEOPULOS, N. W KNUCKEY, A. DUFTY, R. A FOX
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

The actin myosin system and the redox state have been implicated in a number of cellular functions and in many pathological conditions. To study the predictions of a new redox theory of actin-myosin interaction we examined the relationship between the redox state and vasoconstriction of rat aorta and dog basilar artery by adrenaline and serotonin. The results show that the contraction induced by these physiological agents can be inhibited and reversed by reducing agents.
EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CARDIAC INFARCTS IN RATS
Authors: George F. Wilgram
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Marked obesity was induced in rats by feeding a high fat, egg yolk-rich diet. The obese rats were hyperlipemic and showed an increased incidence of lipomatous coronary lesions, but did not develop severe atheromatous lesions. Spontaneous vascular lesions of several kinds have been observed in aging rats. Among them, plaques containing a fibrin-like material seem to be conspicuous. However, these lesions differ from the experimentally induced changes, which were more fatty. Atherosclerosis, as it is defined in human pathology, has not been observed to develop spontaneously in rats. Experimental induction of marked hyperlipemia and hypercholesterolemia by feeding a high fat egg yolk-rich diet (supplemented with cholesterol, choleate, and thiouracil), and use of viosterol to cause vascular injury, led to severe atherosclerosis, coronary occlusion, and myocardial infarction. A consideration of all the findings reported here leads to renewed support of the concept that atherosclerosis has a combination of causes (Aschoff, Anitschkow, Page). Of all the etiological factors considered here, elevation of blood lipides and vascular injury are thought to be the most important ones.
Chromosomal localization of GABAA receptor subunit genes: relationship to human genetic disease
Authors: Veronica J. Buckle, Norihisa Fujita, Allan S. Ryder-Cook, Jonathan M.J. Derry, Pene J. Barnard, Roger V. Lebo, Peter R. Schofield, Peter H. Seeburg, Alan N. Bateson, Mark G. Darlison, Eric A. Barnard
Journal: Neuron (1989)
Molecular Pathways: Targeting Tumor-Infiltrating Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Diletta Di Mitri, Alberto Toso, Andrea Alimonti
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous and immunosuppressive cell subset that blocks the proliferation and the activity of both T and natural killer (NK) cells and promotes tumor vasculogenesis and progression. Recent evidences demonstrate that the recruitment of MDSCs in tumors also blocks senescence induced by chemotherapy promoting chemoresistance. Hence, the need of novel therapeutic approaches that can efficiently target MDSC recruitment and function in cancer. Among them, novel combinatorial treatments of chemotherapy and immunotherapy or treatments that induce depletion of MDSCs in peripheral sites should be taken in consideration.
Multiple cystic pulmonary hamartomas.
Authors: M Mushtaq, S P Ward, J T Hutchison, J S Mann
Journal: Thorax (1992)

A patient with multiple cystic hamartomas presented with a pneumothorax and later developed a cystic myxomatous vaginal polyp. This and three of the cysts were resected. She remains well 13 years later. Multiple cystic hamartomas are uncommon and may be misdiagnosed as pulmonary metastases.
Defining and Quantifying the Social Phenotype in Autism
Authors: Ami Klin, Warren Jones, Robert Schultz, Fred Volkmar, Donald Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Genetic and neurofunctional research in autism has highlighted the need for improved characterization of the core social disorder defining the broad spectrum of syndrome manifestations. METHOD: This article reviews the advantages and limitations of current methods for the refinement and quantification of this highly heterogeneous social phenotype. RESULTS: The study of social visual pursuit by use of eye-tracking technology is offered as a paradigm for novel tools incorporating these requirements and as a research effort that builds on the emerging synergy of different branches of social neuroscience. CONCLUSIONS: Advances in the area will require increased consideration of processes underlying experimental results and a closer approximation of experimental methods to the naturalistic demands inherent in real-life social situations.
The utility of body FDG PET in staging primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Nimish A. Mohile, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Lauren E. Abrey
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

(18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET has become an important tool in the management of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), but its role in the evaluation of primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) has not been established. We investigated the ability of body FDG PET to detect systemic disease in the staging and restaging of PCNSL. The records of 166 PCNSL patients seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center were examined. Forty-nine patients who underwent body FDG PET for staging of PCNSL were identified. Clinical data were reviewed to determine FDG PET results and their influence on therapy. Body FDG PET disclosed a systemic site of malignancy in 15% of patients. NHL was found in 11% of all patients, 7% of patients at diagnosis, and 27% of patients at CNS relapse. Four percent had a second systemic neoplasm. Workup with conventional staging did not reveal systemic disease, and in 8% of patients, body FDG PET was the only abnormal diagnostic exam suggestive of lymphoma. FDG PET findings altered patient treatment and resulted in additional chemotherapy, surgery, or radiotherapy. Our findings suggest that FDG PET may be more sensitive than conventional body staging and may disclose higher rates of concomitant systemic disease at PCNSL diagnosis. Body FDG PET may be an important noninvasive adjunct to conventional PCNSL staging, and its utility should be evaluated prospectively.
Long-term recurrence of neoplasia and Barrett's epithelium after complete endoscopic resection
Authors: Mario Anders, Christina Bähr, Muhammad Abbas El-Masry, Andreas H Marx, Martin Koch, Stefan Seewald, Guido Schachschal, Andreas Adler, Nib Soehendra, Jakob Izbicki, Peter Neuhaus, Heiko Pohl, Thomas Rösch
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Current endoscopic therapy for neoplastic Barrett9s oesophagus (BO) consists of complete resection/ablation of all Barrett9s tissue including neoplastic lesions. Recurrence seems to be frequent after thermal therapy, such as radiofrequency ablation. <h3>Objective</h3> To analyse long-term recurrence of neoplasia and BO after successful widespread endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). <h3>Design</h3> In a retrospective analysis, all patients undergoing widespread EMR of neoplastic BO between 2002 and 2007 at two referral centres were followed for at least 3 years after completion of endotherapy. Recurrence was diagnosed if neoplasia and/or BO were detected following previous successful complete removal, defined as at least two negative endoscopies and biopsies. <h3>Results</h3> Ninety patients undergoing widespread EMR were included (mean age 63 years; 82 male), 58% of whom underwent additional thermal ablation for minor residual disease. Complete eradication of neoplasia and Barrett9s tissue was achieved in 90% of patients. On further follow-up (mean 64.8 months), recurrence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic BO was found in 6.2% and 39.5%, respectively. Recurring neoplasia (3 adenocarcinomas, 1 low-grade and 1 high-grade dysplasia) were found after a median of 44 months (range 38–85) and could be retreated endoscopically. In a multivariate analysis, Barrett9s length was the only factor significantly associated with recurrence (OR 2.73). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Even after seemingly complete endoscopic resection, recurrence of BO is frequent and independent of additional thermal therapy. Due to the possibility of neoplasia recurrence even after long disease-free intervals, follow-up should be extended beyond 5 years.
Notch Signaling Promotes Growth and Invasion in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Laura Asnaghi, Katayoon B. Ebrahimi, Karisa C. Schreck, Eli E. Bar, Michael L. Coonfield, W. Robert Bell, James Handa, Shannath L. Merbs, J. William Harbour, Charles G. Eberhart
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: To determine whether uveal melanoma, the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, requires Notch activity for growth and metastasis. Experimental Design: Expression of Notch pathway members was characterized in primary tumor samples and in cell lines, along with the effects of Notch inhibition or activation on tumor growth and invasion. Results: Notch receptors, ligands, and targets were expressed in all five cell lines examined and in 30 primary uveal melanoma samples. Interestingly, the three lines with high levels of baseline pathway activity (OCM1, OCM3, and OCM8) had their growth reduced by pharmacologic Notch blockade using the γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) MRK003. In contrast, two uveal melanoma lines (Mel285 and Mel290) with very low expression of Notch targets were insensitive to the GSI. Constitutively active forms of Notch1 and Notch2 promoted growth of uveal melanoma cultures and were able to rescue the inhibitory effects of GSI. MRK003 treatment also inhibited anchorage-independent clonogenic growth and cell invasion and reduced phosphorylation levels of STAT3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2. Suppression of canonical Notch activity using short hairpin RNA targeting Notch2 or CBF1 was also able to reduce tumor growth and invasion. Finally, intraocular xenograft growth was significantly decreased by GSI treatment. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Notch plays an important role in inducing proliferation and invasion in uveal melanoma and that inhibiting this pathway may be effective in preventing tumor growth and metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 18(3); 654–65. ©2012 AACR.
Multidrug Resistance Proteins in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Site-Dependent Expression and Initial Response to Imatinib
Authors: Nathalie Théou, Sophie Gil, Anne Devocelle, Catherine Julié, Anne Lavergne-Slove, Alain Beauchet, Patrice Callard, Robert Farinotti, Axel Le Cesne, Antoinette Lemoine, Laurence Faivre-Bonhomme, Jean-François Emile
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract and respond poorly to chemotherapy. A tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, imatinib mesylate, was recently shown to have antitumor effects in metastatic patients. However, this drug is a substrate for multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins. Therefore, we investigated the expression of ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein), ABCC1 (MRP1), and ABCG2 (BCRP) by Western blotting in 21 GISTs and 3 leiomyosarcomas. All the GISTs were positive for either ABCB1 (86% of cases) or ABCC1 expression (62%), but negative for ABCG2. ABCB1 was expressed in all gastric GISTs, but in only 67% of nongastric GISTs. By contrast, ABCC1 expression was more common in nongastric tumors (78% versus 42%). The levels of these MDR proteins in gastric GISTs were higher for ABCB1 (P = 0.007) and lower for ABCC1 (P = 0.004) compared with nongastric GISTs. We found no correlation between MDR protein expression and the risk assessment. None of the six patients treated with imatinib was resistant, although all were positive for at least one MDR protein. These results confirm that gastric and nongastric GISTs have different biological characteristics and suggest that MDR proteins do not impair the initial response of the tumor to imatinib.