tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review: The Effect of Preventive Lamivudine on Hepatitis B Reactivation during Chemotherapy
Authors: Rohit Loomba, Ayana Rowley, Robert Wesley, T. Jake Liang, Jay H. Hoofnagle, Frank Pucino, Gyorgy Csako
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Lamivudine is increasingly being used to prevent hepatitis B reactivation in patients with cancer who test positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and are undergoing chemotherapy. Purpose: To determine whether preventive lamivudine reduces chemotherapy-induced hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer who test positive for HBsAg. Data Sources: MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE, TOXNET, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched in all languages until June 2007. Study Selection: Clinical trials and cohort studies that reported the efficacy of preventive lamivudine versus control on HBV reactivation in patients who tested positive for HBsAg and were receiving chemotherapy were included. Additional requirements included minimum sample size (>5 participants per treatment group) and reported HBV-related morbidity and mortality data. Data Extraction: Two investigators independently did literature searches and data extraction, and 2 other investigators independently confirmed study eligibility and data retrieval. Data Synthesis: Fourteen studies (2 randomized, controlled trials; 8 prospective cohort studies; and 4 retrospective cohort studies) met the predefined criteria for analysis. There were 275 patients in the preventive lamivudine group and 475 control participants for the primary end point of HBV reactivation. With preventive lamivudine, the relative risk for both HBV reactivation and HBV-related hepatitis ranged from 0.00 to 0.21. None of the patients in the preventive lamivudine group developed HBV-related hepatic failure (0 of 108 patients vs. 21 of 162 patients), and only 4 deaths were attributable to HBV (4 of 208 patients vs. 27 of 394 patients) in the preventive lamivudine group. Lamivudine was well tolerated, and no adverse effects were noted. Limitations: The studies included in the meta-analysis did not consistently report all of the outcomes of interest. Sample sizes were small and only 2 studies had a randomized, controlled design. Conclusion: Preventive therapy with lamivudine for patients who test positive for HBsAg and are undergoing chemotherapy may reduce the risk for HBV reactivation and HBV-associated morbidity and mortality.
Influence of Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i>) on the Pharmacokinetics of Docetaxel
Authors: Michael C. Cox, Jennifer Low, James Lee, Janice Walshe, Neelima Denduluri, Arlene Berman, Matthew G. Permenter, William P. Petros, Douglas K. Price, William D. Figg, Alex Sparreboom, Sandra M. Swain
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The herbal supplement garlic (Allium sativum) is commonly used by cancer patients. Preclinical studies have shown that allicin, a major component of garlic, may affect cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity. This study examines the influence of garlic supplementation on the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel, a CYP3A4 substrate. Experimental Design: Women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with docetaxel (30 mg/m2) given weekly for 3 of 4 weeks. Three days after the initial dose of docetaxel, patients received 600 mg of garlic twice daily for 12 consecutive days. Docetaxel pharmacokinetics were assessed during the first three administrations. Results: In 10 evaluable patients, the mean baseline clearance of docetaxel was 30.8 L/h/m2 [95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 16.7-44.9]. Coadministration of garlic reduced mean clearance of docetaxel to 23.7 L/h/m2 (95% CI, 15.5-31.8) and 20.0 L/h/m2 (95% CI, 13.3-26.7) on days 8 and 15, respectively (P = 0.17). Additional pharmacokinetic variables of docetaxel, including peak concentration (P = 0.79), area under the curve (P = 0.36), volume of distribution (P = 0.84), and half-life (P = 0.36), were also not statistically significantly different. The mean area under the curve ratio between day 15 and day 1 was 3.74 in three individuals with the CYP3A5*1A/*1A genotype (all African American) compared with 1.02 in six individuals with the CYP3A5*3C/*3C genotype (all Caucasian). Conclusions: This study indicates that garlic does not significantly affect the disposition of docetaxel. However, it cannot be excluded that garlic decreases the clearance of docetaxel in patients carrying a CYP3A5*1A allele.
Intravenous immunoglobulin-associated arterial and venous thrombosis; report of a series and review of the literature
Authors: I. Marie, G. Maurey, F. Hervé, M-F. Hellot, H. Levesque
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background To date, the prevalence of intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIg)‐related thrombotic complications has not been evaluated in patients with autoimmune disorders followed up in Departments of Internal Medicine. Objectives To assess prevalence and characteristics of IvIg‐related thrombotic complications in patients with autoimmune disorders receiving IvIg therapy; to evaluate the predictive factors for onset of IvIg‐related thrombotic manifestation in patients, and to detect patients at risk for these types of complications. Patients and methods The medical records of 46 patients with autoimmune disorders who were given IvIg therapy at our Department of Internal Medicine between January 2002 and December 2004 were reviewed. Results Among the 46 patients, nine exhibited IvIg‐associated severe complications (19·6%). Six patients (13%) developed IvIg‐related thrombotic complications. Thrombotic complications frequently occurred during IvIg infusion (50%), although they were also observed within 1–8 days following IvIg infusion in other patients. IvIg‐related thrombotic complications consisted of: deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (n = 3), myocardial infarction (n = 2) and stroke (n = 1). The outcome of thrombotic complications was favourable in all patients, after appropriate therapy institution. Older age, history of associated arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia were more common in the group of patients with IvIg‐related thrombotic complications. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that IvIg‐related thrombotic arterial/venous complications are not uncommon in patients with autoimmune disorders (13% of patients). Nevertheless, patients, who are followed up in Departments of Internal Medicine often have concomitant disorders placing them at increased risk to develop IvIg‐related thrombotic complications; the latter may also explain the high rate of IvIg‐related thrombosis in our cohort. Our series further indicates that patients should be monitored closely for these types of adverse events during the whole period of IvIg therapy, as thrombotic manifestations occurred in patients who had received multiple IvIg infusions without exhibiting complications. In addition, our results suggest that it is questionable to initiate IvIg therapy in patients presenting with predictive factors of thrombotic complications; in this subgroup of patients, IvIg should be prescribed cautiously, after re‐weighing risk–benefit considerations.
Screening of Germline Mutations in the CDKN2A and CDKN2B Genes in Swedish Families With Hereditary Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: A. Platz, J. Hansson, E. Mansson-Brahme, B. Lagerlof, S. Linder, U. Ringborg, E. Lundqvist, P. Sevigny, M. Inganas
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1997)

Background: Approximately 10% of human cutaneous melanomas occur in families in which several members are affected. The familial predisposition to this disease is often associated with dysplastic nevus syndrome, a condition in which afflicted family members have multiple dysplastic nevi (atypical moles). The chromosome region 9p21 and markers on chromosomes 1p and 6p have been linked to melanoma susceptibility. The tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A and CDKN2B have been mapped to the 9p21 region, and genetic analyses have revealed the presence of germline CDKN2A alterations in melanoma families. The reported frequencies of such alterations, however, vary among these families. Purpose: The present investigation was carried out to determine the frequencies of CDKN2A and CDKN2B germline gene mutations among members in a population-based cohort of Swedish melanoma families (i.e., melanoma kindreds). Methods: DNA was prepared from blood samples obtained from 181 individuals belonging to 100 melanoma kindreds. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, followed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and nucleotide sequence analyses, were used to identify the types and frequencies of mutations in exons 1, 1β, 2, and 3 of the CDKN2A gene and in exons 1 and 2 of the CDKN2B gene. Results: CDKN2A gene aberrations were independently identified by both SSCP and nucleotide-sequence analyses. Nucleotide-sequence analysis identified a single point mutation leading to a substitution of leucine for proline in codon 48 of exon 1 in a family with a history of melanoma and several other cancers. A second abnormality, leading to an insertion of an extra arginine residue at codon number 113 of exon 2, was seen in four separate families. The CDKN2A exon-3 coding region had the wild-type sequence in all samples. No germline mutations were found in the alternative exon 1β of the CDKN2A gene or in exons 1 and 2 of the CDKN2B gene. Conclusions: The present investigation demonstrates that CDKN2A germline gene mutations were observed in 7.8% of the 64 Swedish melanoma kindreds that each included at least two firstdegree relatives with melanoma and dysplastic nevus syndrome. No CDKN2A exon 1β or CDKN2B mutations were identified. The critical genes responsible for the inheritance of a susceptibility to develop melanoma among family members in this population have yet to be identified.
Differential Glycosylation of Polymeric and Monomeric IgA
Authors: Beatrijs D. Oortwijn, Anja Roos, Louise Royle, Daniëlle J. van Gijlswijk-Janssen, Maria C. Faber-Krol, Jan-Willem Eijgenraam, Raymond A. Dwek, Mohamed R. Daha, Pauline M. Rudd, Cees van Kooten
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by mesangial deposition of polymeric IgA1 (pIgA1) and complement. Complement activation via mannose-binding lectin and the lectin pathway is associated with disease progression. Furthermore, recent studies have indicated a possible role for secretory IgA. IgAN is associated with abnormalities in circulating IgA, including aberrant O-linked glycosylation. This study characterized and compared functional properties and N-linked glycosylation of highly purified monomeric IgA (mIgA) and pIgA from patients with IgAN and control subjects. Total serum IgA was affinity-purified from patients (n = 11) and control subjects (n = 11) followed by size separation. pIgA but not mIgA contained secretory IgA, and its concentration was significantly higher in patients with IgAN than in control subjects. Both in patients with IgAN and in control subjects, IgA binding to the GalNAc-specific lectin Helix Aspersa and to mannose-binding lectin was much stronger for pIgA than for mIgA. Furthermore, binding of IgA to mesangial cells largely was restricted to polymeric IgA. Binding of pIgA to mesangial cells resulted in increased production of IL-8, predominantly with IgA from patients with IgAN. Quantitative analysis of N-linked glycosylation of IgA heavy chains showed significant differences in glycan composition between mIgA and pIgA, including the presence of oligomannose exclusively on pIgA. In conclusion, binding and activation of mesangial cells, as well as lectin pathway activation, is a predominant characteristic of pIgA as opposed to mIgA. Furthermore, pIgA has different N-glycans, which may recruit lectins of the inflammatory pathway. These results underscore the role of pIgA in glomerular inflammation in IgAN.
Clinical significance of inducible atrial flutter during pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Christoph Scharf, Srikar Veerareddy, Mehmet Ozaydin, Aman Chugh, Burr Hall, Peter Cheung, Eric Good, Frank Pelosi, Fred Morady, Hakan Oral
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER
Authors: Elisha Atkins, W. Barry Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Further studies have been made of a pyrogenic substance which appears in the circulation of rabbits during the course of experimental fever induced by injection of typhoid vaccine. With the use of a passive transfer method and pyrogen-tolerant recipients, the biological properties of this substance have been differentiated from those of the uncleared vaccine in the circulation. The newly identified factor resembles leucocytic pyrogen in the rapidity with which it produces fever and in its failure to exhibit cross-tolerance with bacterial pyrogen. This striking similarity of properties suggests that the circulating factor is of endogenous origin and may arise from cell injury. A close correlation between its presence in the circulation and the existence of fever has been demonstrated. The possible relationship of these findings to the pathogenesis of fever is evident.
The Challenge and Potential of Childhood Immunization Registries
Authors: Victoria A. Freeman, Gordon H. DeFriese
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2003)

Recent efforts to attain near-complete coverage of child populations by recommended vaccines have included initiatives by federal and state agencies, as well as private foundations, to develop and implement statewide or community-based childhood immunization registries. Plans for a single, national registry have been set aside in favor of a national network of local and state registries linked through the use of common definitions and unique child identifiers. However, both operational/technical and financing difficulties have slowed their development. The experience to date in selected areas has provided useful lessons for further development of a registry system and has underscored the potential of such systems to assure the success of childhood immunization initiatives.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Predicts Survival of Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Tina Binderup, Ulrich Knigge, Annika Loft, Birgitte Federspiel, Andreas Kjaer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is currently not used on a routine basis for imaging of neuroendocrine (NE) tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of FDG-PET in patients with NE tumors.Ninety-eight prospectively enrolled patients with NE tumors underwent FDG-PET imaging. FDG uptake was quantified by maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax). The prognostic value of FDG uptake, proliferation index, chromogranin A, and liver metastases were assessed.During the 1-year follow-up, 14 patients died. The diagnostic sensitivity of FDG-PET was 58% (n = 57) and a positive FDG-PET result was associated with a significantly higher risk of death with a hazard ratio (HR) of 10.3 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-78.9]. Thirteen of the 57 (23%) FDG-PET-positive patients died compared with 1 of 41 (2%) FDG-PET-negative patients. By univariate analysis, a SUVmax of >9 and a high Ki67 index were significant predictors of overall survival with a HR of 8.8 (95% CI, 2.7-28.7) and a HR of 2.6 (95% CI, 1.3-5.1), respectively. In a multivariate analysis including a SUVmax of >3, Ki67, and chromogranin A, SUVmax of >3 was the only predictor of progression-free survival (HR, 8.4; P < 0.001).This study shows a strong prognostic value of FDG-PET for NE tumors, which exceeds the prognostic value of traditional markers such as Ki67, chromogranin A, and liver metastases. FDG-PET may obtain an important role for NE tumors.
A CASE OF THE FORM OF CHRONIC JOINT DISEASE IN CHILDREN DESCRIBED BY STILL
Authors: F. P. Weber
Journal: BMJ (1903)

THE "stippling " of the red c'1l produced by the simple tertian parasite is well known.The appearance is that known as Schutffner's dots, and is seen most characteristically in specimens stained by the Romanowsky method.In the case of the malignant tertian parasite a change in the red cell is also known, observable in the fresh specimen, and
Bioluminescence Imaging of Prenylation Inhibition–Response
Authors: Kendall J. Blumer, Katherine Weilbaecher, David Piwnica-Worms
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

We are grateful to Dr. Clezardin for raising an intriguing point based on his recent article (1). Distinguishing whether ZOL inhibits prenylation in tumor cells and/or host tissues and leads to accumulation of IPP/ApppI or causes other effects leading directly or indirectly to tumor cell killing or elimination has been a persistent challenge to the field. We concur that using our bioluminescence reporter to compare targeting of estrogen receptor (ER)–positive and ER-negative breast cancer cells by ZOL in xenograft models would be a useful approach. Because tumor cells bearing the reporter would be the only source of a bioluminescence signal, such experiments should be capable of determining unambiguously whether ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cells differ substantially in the ability to be targeted directly by ZOL in living animals.See the original Letter to the Editor, p. 6077No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Lipids in Human Milk and Infant Formulas
Authors: Robert G. Jensen, Ann M. Ferris, Carol J. Lammi-Keefe
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1992)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
Identifying Risk Factors and Key Strategies in Linkage to Outpatient Psychiatric Care
Authors: Carol A. Boyer, Donna D. McAlpine, Kathleen J. Pottick, Mark Olfson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The substantial failure of psychiatric patients to engage in outpatient specialty mental health care after an acute hospitalization at a time when managed care companies and others increasingly hold hospitals accountable for outcomes underscores the importance of identifying patients at high risk for not completing referrals. This study explored patient risk factors for not completing referrals and examined the success of several interventions targeted to achieving linkage with outpatient care. METHOD: A clinically detailed, structured form was used in abstracting information from the medical records of 229 inpatients with a primary psychiatric diagnosis. Clinicians and staff at outpatient programs were contacted to determine whether patients completed their referrals. RESULTS: Approximately two-thirds (65%) of the patients failed to attend scheduled or rescheduled initial outpatient mental health appointments after a hospital discharge. At high risk for unsuccessful linkage to outpatient care were patients with a persistent mental illness and those who had no prior public psychiatric hospitalization, were admitted involuntarily, and had longer lengths of stay. Controlling for risk factors, three clinical interventions used during the hospital stay more than tripled the odds of successful linkage to outpatient care: communication about patients' discharge plans between inpatient staff and outpatient clinicians, patients' starting outpatient programs before discharge, and family involvement during the hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Effective clinical bridging strategies can be used to avoid unnecessary gaps in the delivery of psychiatric services. Incorporating these strategies into routine care would enhance continuity of care, especially for some high-risk patients.
Lung Clearance Index at 4 Years Predicts Subsequent Lung Function in Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Paul Aurora, Sanja Stanojevic, Angie Wade, Cara Oliver, Wanda Kozlowska, Sooky Lum, Andrew Bush, John Price, Siobhán B. Carr, Anu Shankar, Janet Stocks
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

The markedly improved life expectancy of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) has created a new challenge, as traditional markers of lung disease are frequently normal in young children. This prevents identification of individuals who may benefit from more aggressive therapy and also obliges large study numbers and prolonged duration for intervention studies. There is an urgent need for alternative surrogates that detect early lung disease and track through early childhood.This study aimed to determine whether multiple-breath washout (MBW) results at preschool age can predict subsequent abnormal lung function.Preschool children (3-5 yr) with CF and healthy control subjects underwent spirometry and MBW with testing repeated during early school age (6-10 yr). Primary outcomes were FEV1 from spirometry and lung clearance index (LCI) from MBW.Forty-eight children with CF and 45 healthy children completed testing. Thirty-five (73%) children with CF had abnormal LCI at preschool age, whereas only five had abnormal FEV1. The positive predictive value of preschool LCI for predicting any abnormal school-age result was 94%, with a negative predictive value of 62%. Only one child with abnormal FEV1 at school age had had a normal preschool LCI. In contrast, for preschool FEV1 the positive predictive value was 100%, but negative predictive value was only 25%.This study demonstrates that an abnormal preschool LCI predicts subsequent lung function abnormalities, whereas a normal preschool LCI usually remains normal. MBW has potential as a clinical and research outcome in young children with CF.
miR-195 and miR-483-5p Identified as Predictors of Poor Prognosis in Adrenocortical Cancer
Authors: Patsy Siok Hwa Soon, Lyndal J. Tacon, Anthony J. Gill, Christopher P. Bambach, Mark S. Sywak, Peter R. Campbell, Michael W. Yeh, Steven G. Wong, Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh, Bruce G. Robinson, Stan B. Sidhu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

PURPOSE: Adrenocortical adenomas are common, whereas adrenocortical carcinomas are rare. Discriminating between benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors using conventional histology can be difficult. In addition, adrenocortical carcinomas generally have poor prognosis and limited treatment options. MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that are involved in regulation of gene transcription. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: To identify microRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical tumors, expression profiling of microRNAs was done on a cohort of 22 adrenocortical carcinomas, 27 adrenocortical adenomas, and 6 normal adrenal cortices. RESULTS: Twenty-three microRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed between adrenocortical carcinomas and adrenocortical adenomas. miR-335 and miR-195 were significantly downregulated in adrenocortical carcinomas compared with adrenocortical adenomas. This result was further validated in an external cohort of six adrenocortical carcinomas and four adrenocortical adenomas. Using Kaplan-Meier analysis, downregulation of miR-195 and upregulation of miR-483-5p in adrenocortical carcinomas were significantly associated with poorer disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that deregulation of microRNAs is a recurring event in human adrenocortical carcinomas and that aberrant expression of miR-195 and miR-483-5p identifies a subset of poorer prognosis adrenocortical carcinomas. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7684-92).
Detection of tryptase in cytoplasmic granules of basophils in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and other myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Puchit Samorapoompichit, Hans P. Kiener, Gerit-Holger Schernthaner, John-Hendrik Jordan, Hermine Agis, Friedrich Wimazal, Mehrdad Baghestanian, Abdolreza Rezaie-Majd, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Klaus Lechner, Peter Valent
Journal: Blood (2001)