tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Testing for Helicobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients suspected of peptic ulcer disease in primary care: cross sectional study
Authors: C. F Weijnen, M. E Numans, N. J de Wit, A. J P M Smout, K. G M Moons, T. J M Verheij, A. W Hoes
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To develop an easily applicable diagnostic scoring method to determine the presence of peptic ulcers in dyspeptic patients in a primary care setting; to evaluate whether <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> testing adds value to history taking. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional study. <b>Setting:</b> General practitioners9 offices in the Utrecht area of the Netherlands. <b>Participants:</b> 565 patients consulting a general practitioner about dyspeptic symptoms of at least two weeks9 duration. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> The presence or absence of peptic ulcer; independent predictors of the presence of peptic ulcer as obtained from history taking and the added value of <i>H pylori</i> testing were quantified by using multivariate logistic regression analyses. <b>Results:</b> A history of peptic ulcer, pain on an empty stomach, and smoking were strong and independent diagnostic determinants of peptic ulcer disease, with odds ratios of 5.5 (95% confidence interval 2.6 to 11.8), 2.8 (1.0 to 4.0), and 2.0 (1.4 to 6.0) respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC area) of these determinants together was 0.71. Adding the <i>H pylori</i> test increased the ROC area only to 0.75. However, in a group of patients at high risk, identified by means of a simple scoring rule based on history taking, the predictive value for the presence of peptic ulcer increased from 16% to 26% after a positive <i>H pylori</i> test. <b>Conclusions:</b> In the total group of dyspeptic patients in primary care, <i>H pylori</i> testing has no value in addition to history taking for diagnosing peptic ulcer disease. In a subgroup of patients at high risk of having peptic ulcer disease, however, it might be useful to test for and treat <i>H pylori</i> infections. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> In primary care, predicting the presence of peptic ulcer disease in dyspeptic patients on the basis of history taking is difficult Infection with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is associated with peptic ulcer disease Many non-invasive <i>H pylori</i> tests are available, but the value they add to history taking is not known <h3>What this paper adds</h3> Three simple questions from history taking can distinguish between patients at high and low risk of peptic ulcer disease In uninvestigated patients with dyspepsia in primary care, <i>H pylori</i> testing adds nothing to optimal history taking in the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease In patients at high risk of peptic ulcer disease it is useful to test for and treat <i>H pylori</i> infection
Laparoscopic versus open left colectomy in patients with sigmoid colon cancer: Prospective cohort study with long-term follow-up
Authors: Jacopo Desiderio, Stefano Trastulli, Francesco Ricci, Jacopo Penzo, Roberto Cirocchi, Federico Farinacci, Carlo Boselli, Giuseppe Noya, Adriano Redler, Alberto Santoro, Amilcare Parisi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Exome sequencing of desmoplastic melanoma identifies recurrent NFKBIE promoter mutations and diverse activating mutations in the MAPK pathway
Authors: A Hunter Shain, Maria Garrido, Thomas Botton, Eric Talevich, Iwei Yeh, J Zachary Sanborn, Jongsuk Chung, Nicholas J Wang, Hojabr Kakavand, Graham J Mann, John F Thompson, Thomas Wiesner, Ritu Roy, Adam B Olshen, Alexander Gagnon, Joe W Gray, Nam Huh, Joe S Hur, Klaus J Busam, Richard A Scolyer, Raymond J Cho, Rajmohan Murali, Boris C Bastian
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Remarks ON THE USE OF PEPTONE IN ASTHMA AND ITS CONGENERS
Authors: A. G. Auld
Journal: BMJ (1921)

66MY14, 191L MEDICAL JOCIENAL in-thde Poorer iar1s In every disLiet a d4p6t should be, establishled by tli6 local authorityfromii wluiclr the general practitioner could obtain a sterile outfit free of cost.4. The present statistics are an urgelit indication-that I better organization is required.Iti various centres, especially in indnstrial distritts, large maternity and gynaecological cliniics should be-instituted.\Whlenpossible tley slhould be attached to the teaching sclhools.These clinics slhould form base. hlospitals for wide areas, in the out-- lying parts of wlAch a few beds should-be set aside in exist.ing cottage liospitals, or, failina these, small field hospitals shonuld be estahlished for the reception of maternity cases.Ia-tiese-fiehl ldospitals general practitioners would lhave an opportunity of working under the beat conditions when intevferenee was necessary.-Incases of-special difficulty skilled assistance could be.summoned.from the base lhospital, if the patient were too ill to be moved.Whenever difficrTty was auticipated the patient could be -sent before the commencement of labour to tlxe base hospital for delivery.
Development of the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in Infants with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Sabine M. P. J. Prevaes, Karin M. de Winter-de Groot, Hettie M. Janssens, Wouter A. A. de Steenhuijsen Piters, Gerdien A. Tramper-Stranders, Anne L. Wyllie, Raiza Hasrat, Harm A. Tiddens, Mireille van Westreenen, Cornelis K. van der Ent, Elisabeth A. M. Sanders, Debby Bogaert
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by early structural lung disease caused by pulmonary infections. The nasopharynx of infants is a major ecological reservoir of potential respiratory pathogens.Objectives: To investigate the development of nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles in infants with CF compared with those of healthy control subjects during the first 6 months of life.Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study, from the time of diagnosis onward, in which we collected questionnaires and 324 nasopharynx samples from 20 infants with CF and 45 age-matched healthy control subjects. Microbiota profiles were characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA–based sequencing.Measurements and Main Results: We observed significant differences in microbial community composition (P < 0.0002 by permutational multivariate analysis of variance) and development between groups. In infants with CF, early Staphylococcus aureus and, to a lesser extent, Corynebacterium spp. and Moraxella spp. dominance were followed by a switch to Streptococcus mitis predominance after 3 months of age. In control subjects, Moraxella spp. enrichment occurred throughout the first 6 months of life. In a multivariate analysis, S. aureus, S. mitis, Corynebacterium accolens, and bacilli were significantly more abundant in infants with CF, whereas Moraxella spp., Corynebacterium pseudodiphtericum and Corynebacterium propinquum and Haemophilus influenzae were significantly more abundant in control subjects, after correction for age, antibiotic use, and respiratory symptoms. Antibiotic use was independently associated with increased colonization of gram-negative bacteria such as Burkholderia spp. and members of the Enterobacteriaceae bacteria family and reduced colonization of potential beneficial commensals.Conclusions: From diagnosis onward, we observed distinct patterns of nasopharyngeal microbiota development in infants with CF under 6 months of age compared with control subjects and a marked effect of antibiotic therapy leading toward a gram-negative microbial composition.
Early- and Long-Term Outcome Data of Patients With Pseudomyxoma Peritonei From Appendiceal Origin Treated by a Strategy of Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Authors: Terence C. Chua, Brendan J. Moran, Paul H. Sugarbaker, Edward A. Levine, Olivier Glehen, François N. Gilly, Dario Baratti, Marcello Deraco, Dominique Elias, Armando Sardi, Winston Liauw, Tristan D. Yan, Pedro Barrios, Alberto Gómez Portilla, Ignace H.J.T. de Hingh, Wim P. Ceelen, Joerg O. Pelz, Pompiliu Piso, Santiago González-Moreno, Kurt Van Der Speeten, David L. Morris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) originating from an appendiceal mucinous neoplasm remains a biologically heterogeneous disease. The purpose of our study was to evaluate outcome and long-term survival after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) consolidated through an international registry study.A retrospective multi-institutional registry was established through collaborative efforts of participating units affiliated with the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International.Two thousand two hundred ninety-eight patients from 16 specialized units underwent CRS for PMP. Treatment-related mortality was 2% and major operative complications occurred in 24% of patients. The median survival rate was 196 months (16.3 years) and the median progression-free survival rate was 98 months (8.2 years), with 10- and 15-year survival rates of 63% and 59%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified prior chemotherapy treatment (P < .001), peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis (PMCA) histopathologic subtype (P < .001), major postoperative complications (P = .008), high peritoneal cancer index (P = .013), debulking surgery (completeness of cytoreduction [CCR], 2 or 3; P < .001), and not using HIPEC (P = .030) as independent predictors for a poorer progression-free survival. Older age (P = .006), major postoperative complications (P < .001), debulking surgery (CCR 2 or 3; P < .001), prior chemotherapy treatment (P = .001), and PMCA histopathologic subtype (P < .001) were independent predictors of a poorer overall survival.The combined modality strategy for PMP may be performed safely with acceptable morbidity and mortality in a specialized unit setting with 63% of patients surviving beyond 10 years. Minimizing nondefinitive operative and systemic chemotherapy treatments before definitive cytoreduction may facilitate the feasibility and improve the outcome of this therapy to achieve long-term survival. Optimal cytoreduction achieves the best outcomes.
Angiostatin-Like Activity of a Monoclonal Antibody to the Catalytic Subunit of F1F0 ATP Synthase
Authors: Sulene L. Chi, Miriam L. Wahl, Yvonne M. Mowery, Siqing Shan, Somnath Mukhopadhyay, Susana C. Hilderbrand, Daniel J. Kenan, Barbara D. Lipes, Carrie E. Johnson, Michael F. Marusich, Roderick A. Capaldi, Mark W. Dewhirst, Salvatore V. Pizzo
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The antiangiogenic protein angiostatin inhibits ATP synthase on the endothelial cell surface, blocking cellular proliferation. To examine the specificity of this interaction, we generated monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against ATP synthase. mAb directed against the β-catalytic subunit of ATP synthase (MAb3D5AB1) inhibits the activity of the F1 domain of ATP synthase and recognizes the catalytic β-subunit of ATP synthase. We located the antibody recognition site of MAb3D5AB1 in domains containing the active site of the β-subunit. MAb3D5AB1 also binds to purified Escherichia coli F1 with an affinity 25-fold higher than the affinity of angiostatin for this protein. MAb3D5AB1 inhibits the hydrolytic activity of F1 ATP synthase at lower concentrations than angiostatin. Like angiostatin, MAb3D5AB1 inhibits ATP generation by ATP synthase on the endothelial cell surface in acidic conditions, the typical tumor microenvironment where cell surface ATP synthase exhibits greater activity. MAb3D5AB1 disrupts tube formation and decreases intracellular pH in endothelial cells exposed to low extracellular pH. Neither angiostatin nor MAb3D5AB1 showed an antiangiogenic effect in the corneal neovascularization assay; however, both were effective in the low-pH environment of the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay. Thus, MAb3D5AB1 shows angiostatin-like properties superior to angiostatin and may be exploited in cancer chemotherapy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4716–24]
In Assessing Surrogate Clinical Trial End Points: Drug Safety Is a Requisite
Authors: Thomas J. Herzog, Robert L. Coleman, Bradley J. Monk, Deborah K. Armstrong, Ronald D. Alvarez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

TO THE EDITOR: We would like to commend Oliver and McGuire 1 for their thoughtful editorial on antiangiogenic therapy and the role of clinical trial end points. We largely agree with the contentandtheirinsights,butwedotakeexceptiontothemischaracterizationthatwewouldrecommendoutrightapprovalofagents solelyonthebasisofprogression-freesurvivalwithoutconsidering the potential toxicities. Our article, 2 written on behalf of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology, explored the difficulties in proscribing overall survival (OS) as the only acceptable clinical trial end point for ovarian cancer drug regulatory approval. Our goal was to open a dialogue whereby surrogate end points could be considered as a pathway to regulatory approval because of some unique features of ovarian cancer. We believe that taking selected content out of context flawed the authors’ analysis of our article. The Society of Gynecologic Oncology article repeatedly stated that any regulatory approval must be considered within the context of the clinical application and assumes both a defined clinical benefit and an acceptable drug safety and toxicity profile. We stated, “Clearly, the entire application including end points, toxicity and the magnitude of effect must be considered.” 2(p13) We madesimilarreferencestothecriticalevaluationoftoxicityand/orthe need to review these agents within the context of the differential treatment effects, including efficacy and toxicity. This theme was expressed repeatedly throughout the article, with no fewer than five statements that supported the need for toxicity evaluation. Obviously,thetherapy-relateddiscontinuationrateofnearlyone
HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR2 are negatively associated with autoantibody production in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: C-Y Hu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Quantification of intrinsic PEEP (PEEPi) has important implications for patients subjected to invasive mechanical ventilation. A new non-invasive-breath-by-breath method (etCO<sub>2</sub>D) for determination of PEEPi is evaluated. <b>Methods:</b> In 12 mechanically ventilated pigs, dynamic hyperinflation was induced by interposing a resistance in the endotracheal tube. Airway pressure, flow and exhaled CO2 were measured at the airway opening. Combining different I:E ratios, respiratory rates and tidal volumes, 52 different levels of PEEPi (range 1,8-11,7 cmH<sub>2</sub>O;mean 8,45±0,32 cmH<sub>2</sub>O) were studied. The etCO<sub>2</sub>D is based on the detection of the end-tidal dilution of the capnogram.This is measured at the airway opening by means of a CO<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;sensor in which a 2-mm leak is added to the sensing chamber. This allows to detect a capnogram dilution with fresh air when the pressure coming from the ventilator exceeds the PEEPi. This method was compared with the occlusion method OM. <b>Results:</b> The etCO<sub>2</sub>D method detected PEEPi step changes of 0,2 cmH<sub>2</sub>O. Reference and etCO<sub>2</sub>D PEEPi presented a good correlation (R<sup>2</sup> 0,8, p&amp;lt;0,0001) and good agreement, bias -0,26, and limits of agreement&nbsp;±1,96 SD (2,23-2,74) (p&amp;lt;0,0001). <b>Conclusions:</b> The etCO<sub>2</sub>D method is a promising way to continuosly monitor PEEPi. The etCO<sub>2</sub>D method measures PEEPi-dyn, so differences with the OM are expected to be larger in heterogeneous lungs and could thus monitor lung heterogeneity. Heili-Frades et al. Critical Care (2019) 23:192
A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Effects of Supplemental Calcium and Vitamin D3 on Markers of Their Metabolism in Normal Mucosa of Colorectal Adenoma Patients
Authors: Thomas U. Ahearn, Marjorie L. McCullough, W. Dana Flanders, Qi Long, Eduard Sidelnikov, Veronika Fedirko, Carrie R. Daniel, Robin E. Rutherford, Aasma Shaukat, Roberd M. Bostick
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

In cancer cell lines and rodent models, calcium and vitamin D favorably modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in colonic epithelia. These effects may be modulated by local expression of the calcium receptor (CaR), the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the P450 cytochromes, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1; however, they have yet to be investigated in humans. To address this gap, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 2×2 factorial clinical trial. Patients with at least one pathology-confirmed colorectal adenoma were treated with 2 g/d elemental calcium and/or 800 IU/d vitamin D3 versus placebo over 6 months (n=92; 23 per group). CaR, VDR, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 expression and distribution in biopsies of normal appearing rectal mucosa were detected by standardized, automated immunohistochemistry and quantified by image analysis. In the calcium-supplemented group, CaR expression increased 27% (P=0.03) and CYP24A1 expression decreased 21% (P=0.79). In the vitamin D3-supplemented group, CaR expression increased 39% (P=0.01) and CYP27B1 expression increased 159% (P=0.06). In patients supplemented with both calcium and vitamin D3, VDR expression increased 19% (P=0.13) and CaR expression increased 24% (P=0.05). These results provide mechanistic support for further investigation of calcium and vitamin D3 as chemopreventive agents against colorectal neoplasms, and CaR, VDR, CYP27B1, and CYP24A1 as modifiable, preneoplastic risk biomarkers for colorectal neoplasms.
Effects of Low Birth Weight on Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Caucasian and African-American Children
Authors: Chaoyang Li, Maria S. Johnson, Michael I. Goran
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To examine the effects of low birth weight (LBW) on the components of insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) in Caucasian and African-American children aged 4–14 years (n = 560 observations among 139 subjects). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A linear random-effects modeling analysis with repeated measures (average four annual visits per child) was conducted to examine the associations between LBW and the components of IRS and their developmental trends over age. Fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids were assessed after an overnight fast; insulin action and secretion were determined by the tolbutamide-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test; and body composition was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography. RESULTS—LBW was significantly associated with increased fasting insulin concentration and visceral fat mass, decreased acute insulin response, β-cell function, and HDL cholesterol among African-American children. Among children with LBW, there were significant differences in fasting insulin, insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response, and HDL cholesterol between Caucasians and African-Americans. LBW was significantly associated with faster decrease in acute insulin response and increase in triglycerides with regard to age. The hyperbolic function between insulin sensitivity and β-cell function was retarded among children with LBW (P = 0.04). In addition, there was a significant interaction between LBW and ethnicity in relation to fasting insulin (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and visceral fat (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS—LBW may predict the risk of the IRS and its progression over age in childhood, and this effect may be more pronounced among African-American children.
Cathepsin V is involved in the degradation of invariant chain in human thymus and is overexpressed in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Eva Tolosa, Weijie Li, Yoshiyuki Yasuda, Wolfgang Wienhold, Lisa K. Denzin, Alfred Lautwein, Christoph Driessen, Petra Schnorrer, Ekkehard Weber, Stefan Stevanovic, Raffael Kurek, Arthur Melms, Dieter Brömme
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Stepwise degradation of the invariant chain (Ii) is required for the binding of antigenic peptides to MHC class II molecules. Cathepsin (Cat) L in the murine thymus and Cat S in peripheral APCs have both been implicated in the last step of Ii degradation that gives rise to the class II–associated invariant chain peptides (CLIP). Cat V has been recently described as highly homologous to Cat L and exclusively expressed in human thymus and testis, but with no mouse orthologue. We report that Cat V is the dominant cysteine protease in cortical human thymic epithelial cells, while Cat L and Cat S seem to be restricted to dendritic and macrophage-like cells. Active Cat V in thymic lysosomal preparations was demonstrated by active-site labeling. Recombinant Cat V was capable of converting Ii into CLIP efficiently, suggesting that Cat V is the protease that controls the generation of αβ-CLIP complexes in the human thymus, in analogy to Cat L in mouse. Comparison of Cat V expression between thymi from patients with myasthenia gravis and healthy controls revealed a significantly higher expression level in the pathological samples, suggesting a potential involvement of this protease in the immunopathogenesis of myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease almost invariably associated with thymic pathology.
A systematic review of five systemic treatments for severe psoriasis
Authors: P.I. SPULS, L. WITKAMP, P.M.M. BOSSUYT, J.D. BOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

We systematically reviewed the evidence concerning the ability of five systemic treatments to induce remission in patients with severe psoriasis: ultraviolet B (UVB), photochemotherapy (PUVA), methotrexate (MTX), retinoids (RET) and cyclosporin A (CYA). An elaborate literature search was performed, the validity of studies was assessed, and data were analysed. In total, 89, 193, 101, 155 and 127 studies (n = 665) concerning UVB, PUVA, MTX, RET and CYA were found. The exclusion rate was high, mainly because of concomitant antipsoriatic therapy, outdated dosages or inadequate documentation. No study on MTX could be included. A total of 129 patient series was included in the analysis, reporting on 13,677 patients. Study size-weighted averages of the proportions of patients with clearance and good, moderate and poor response (defined, respectively, as 95-100%, 75-100%, 50-75% and < 50% reduction in the outcome measurements as compared with baseline) were calculated. PUVA therapy was associated with the highest average proportion of patients with clearance (70%), and the highest proportion of patients with good response (83%), followed by UVB (68%) and CYA (64%). Incidence of side-effects per week was highest in the RET group and lowest in the phototherapy groups. This review may provide a basis for the development of guidelines for the treatment of psoriasis. Trials comparing oral modalities applied according to currently accepted standards should also be carried out.
Avulsion fractures in athletes.
Authors: S. Orava, L. Ala-Ketola
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1977)

34 cases of avulsion fractures are described. Each fracture took place during athletic training or competition. Excepting six sportsmen participating in a general fitness programme, every patient was an active competitive athlete. There were six women and 28 men; their average age was 20.1 years, raised by a few middle-aged "fitness sportsmen". Most avulsion fractures took place in sprinters and hurdlers; next were middle and long distance renner, footballers, fitness joggers, skiers and ice-hockey players. The most usual location of a fracture was the anterior pelvic spines; avulsion fractures were also detected in various parts of lower limbs. There were fewer avulsion fractures in the area of the trunk and upper extremities. Roetgenologically, the diagnosis of an avulsion fracture is generally easy to make. However, the diagnosis is facilitated by knowing the mechanism of the injury, the technique of the athletic event, and some of the training methods. Generally, a fracture heals well, even if it requires both sufficient immobilisation and some delay in resuming physical exertion.