tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hexamethonium Bromide on the Cerebral Circulation in Hypertension
Authors: H. A. Dewar, S. G. Owen, A. R. Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1953)

no further trouble.Chemotherapy was continued for over a vear.during which she had a segmental resection of the residual disease.Sumwzmary of Case 3.-A female patient aged 23 developed a high temperature and a morbilliform rash after 22 days on streptomycin and P.A.S. Test doses proved she had become sensitive to both drugs.The daily dose of P.A.S. was gradually increased from 0.5 g. to 15 g. over 11 days; 10 days later it was raised to 17.5 g.Streptomycin doses were increased from 0.1 to 1 g.daily over 12 days.Sub- sequently she continued both drugs for over a year without incident.Summary Desensitization of streptomycin-handlers who have become hypersensitive to the drug is difficult but quite feasible.Two cases are reported.By contrast, patients who acquire hypersensitivity to streptomycin or P.A.S. during treatment are usually readily desensitized.As an example a case is described of a patient hypersensitive to both drugs.My thanks are due to the residents and nursing staff at Hammersmith Hospital, London, the Northern General Hospital, and Southfield Hospital, Edinburgh, who carried out the day-to- day treatment of these patients.
Primary care trusts and primary care research
Authors: Frederick Chen, Azeem Majeed
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Research networks and academic departments can help to do much needed research 

P rimary care is central to the NHS and primary care research provides “the missing link in the development of high quality, evidence based health care for populations.”1 2 The recent development of primary care trusts, which are responsible for commissioning local health services, has changed the landscape for primary care research in the NHS.3 In addition to their already formidable service duties, primary care trusts also have research responsibilities.4 Unfortunately, the competing demands on primary care trusts for establishing research governance and meeting government targets have made primary care research a luxury that few trusts can afford.

Despite the government's documented commitment to primary care trusts and their role in primary care research, scepticism exists about the ability of the trusts to take on this role. In a 2002 House of Lords debate, Baroness Northover questioned the health minister on the responsibilities of primary care trusts, saying, “Many of …
Defining core general practitioner services
Authors: M. Roland
Journal: BMJ (1996)

General practitioners feel trapped between the twin forces of increasing patient expectations and a growing transfer of work from secondary to primary care. Far from welcoming the secretary of state's recent proposals to increase the health service's focus on primary care,1 general practitioners have reacted by insisting that boundaries should be drawn around their responsibilities. The profession's negotiators are mandated to define a core of services which general practitioners would be contracted to provide. Services outside this core would be subject to separate contracts, probably negotiated locally with district purchasers. In this way, resources could be made to follow the patient, and limits could be placed on the inexorable flow …
Primary Atypical Pneumonia
Authors: A. B. Adams, J. M. Staveley, G. L. Rolleston, W. E. Henley, J. E. Caughey
Journal: BMJ (1946)

Between February and April, 1945, an epidemic of primary atypical pneumonia occurred in British base and training units in the Naples area. During this period approximately 350 cases of primary atypical pneumonia were admitted to a neighbouring British general hospital and 161 to this hospital. Of these 161, 50 unselected consecutive cases were investigated in particular detail. All degrees of severity were represented. There were no deaths. Epidemiologically, it was of interest that the rising incidence of primary atypical pneumonia coincided with the decline of infective hepatitis. Clinical data, serial laboratory investigations, and radiological findings relating to these 50 cases are summarized in this report, which is a preliminary survey of the material collected. In the literature available to us we have been unable to locate any report of the finding of heterophil antibodies in serum from cases of primary atypical pneumonia. For that reason an early report is considered desirable to enable investigators, under research conditions, to repeat the work in subsequent epidemics.
Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts associated with marked thrombocytosis (RARS-T), another myeloproliferative condition characterized by JAK2 V617F mutation
Authors: Hadrian Szpurka, Ramon Tiu, Gurunathan Murugesan, Samer Aboudola, Eric D. Hsi, Karl S. Theil, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
Journal: Blood (2006)
The Emergence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with Decreased Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in Cleveland, Ohio: Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Authors: Steven M. Gordon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Background: Until 1992, almost all strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that had been tested in the United States were susceptible to fluoroquinolones, including ciprofloxacin. However, among men with urethral gonococcal infections who attended one sexually transmitted disease clinic in Cleveland, Ohio, the prevalence of gonococci with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin increased from 2% in 1991 to 16% in 1994. Objective: To describe the emergence of and risk factors for gonococcal urethritis caused by gonococci with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was considered to be decreased if the mean inhibitory concentration was at least 0.12 µg/mL and was ≤ 0.25 µg/mL; this definition did not equate with the definition of clinical resistance. Design: Case-control study. Setting: An urban sexually transmitted disease clinic. Participants: 51 case-patients and 106 controls. Measurements: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to identify individual genotypes of ciprofloxacin-resistant and ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates. Results: 55 of the 746 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae that were tested (7.4%) had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, and the prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae with decreased susceptibility significantly increased during the study period. Case-patients were significantly less likely to have gram-negative diplococci seen on microscopic examination of urethral discharge (P ≤ 0.01) and were less likely to be treated for gonococcal urethritis than were controls (P ≤ 0.001). Molecular typing suggested the spread of a single genotype of N. gonorrhoeae. Conclusions: Strains of gonococci with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin appear to have become endemic in Cleveland, Ohio. The clinical significance of these isolates is not clear, but the potential for the emergence of clinically important resistance may preclude the use of fluoroquinolones as an alternative treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea.
Recovery from “Hepatorenal Syndrome” after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: Shunzaburo Iwatsuki, Mordecai M. Popovtzer, Jacques L. Corman, Makoto Ishikawa, Charles W. Putnam, Fred H. Katz, Thomas E. Starzl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Three patients with progressive renal failure and advanced hepatic insufficiency due to cirrhosis of the liver underwent orthotopic liver transplantation.All three patients had immediate improvement in hepatic function and within two weeks after liver replacement regained nearly normal kidney function.However, the
Events per person year--a dubious concept
Authors: J. Windeler, S. Lange
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In 1982 a new measure was introduced in research into osteoporosis and is now used everywhere in the literature. The so called "fracture rate" relates the number of fractures (single in some patients, multiple in others) to the cumulative time of observation of all patients. This concept, however, has no sound basis. Counting events instead of patients usually violates basic statistical assumptions and invalidates the use of common statistical tests and estimators. Its clinical interpretation is rather dubious. The use of such a measure impedes the search for valid and clinically meaningful outcome criteria and should be abandoned.
Effect of estrogen on post-heparin lipolytic activity. Selective decline in hepatic triglyceride lipase.
Authors: D M Applebaum, A P Goldberg, O J Pykälistö, J D Brunzell, W R Hazzard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The rise in plasma triglyceride (TG) levels associated with estrogen administration has been thought to arise from impaired clearance because of the uniform suppression of post-heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA). Recently PHLA has been shown to consist of two activities: hepatic TG lipase and extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL). To determine whether estrogen might induce a selective decline in one of these activities, both hepatic TG lipase and extrahepatic LPL were measured in post-heparin plasma from 13 normal women before and after 2 wk of treatment with ethinyl estradiol (1 mug/kg per day). Hepatic TG lipase and extrahepatic LPL were determined by two techniques: (a) separation by heparin-Sepharose column chromatography, and (b) selective inhibition with specific antibodies to post-heparin hepatic TG lipase and milk LPL. Estrogen uniformly depressed hepatic TG lipase as measured by affinity column (-68 +/- 12%, mean +/- SD, P less than 0.001) or antibody inhibition (-63 +/- 11%, P less than 0.001). Extrahepatic LPL was not significantly changed by affinity column (-22 +/- 40%) or antibody inhibition (-3 +/- 42%). Direct measurement of adipose tissue LPL from buttock fat biopsies also showed no systematic change in the activated form of LPL measured as heparin-elutable LPL (+64 +/- 164%) or in the tissue form of LPL measured in extracts of acetone-ether powders (+21 +/- 77%). The change in hepatic TG lipase correlated with the change in PHLA (r = 0.969, P less than 0.01). However, neither the change in PHLA nor hepatic TG lipase correlated with the increase in TG during estrogen. The decrease in PHLA during estrogen thus results from a selective decline in hepatic TG lipase.
Re-redefining Foxp3 function
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

![Graphic][1] 

Foxp3 deletion in T cells (CD4-Cre) but not thymic epithelial cells (Foxn1-Cre) causes an autoimmune wasting disease. Liston et al. (page 

[475][2]) report that a transcription factor that protects mice against autoimmunity is required for regulatory T cell (T reg)
Characterization of Endogenous Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Isoforms
Authors: Wilfried Condemine, Yuki Takahashi, Jun Zhu, Francine Puvion-Dutilleul, Sarah Guegan, Anne Janin, Hugues de Thé
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) has been implicated in a variety of functions, including control of TP53 function and modulation of cellular senescence. Sumolated PML is the organizer of mature PML bodies, recruiting a variety of proteins onto these nuclear domains. The PML gene is predicted to encode a variety of protein isoforms. Overexpression of only one of them, PML-IV, promotes senescence in human diploid fibroblasts, whereas PML-III was proposed to specifically interact with the centrosome. We show that all PML isoform proteins are expressed in cell lines or primary cells. Unexpectedly, we found that PML-III, PML-IV, and PML-V are quantitatively minor isoforms compared with PML-I/II and could not confirm the centrosomal targeting of PML-III. Stable expression of each isoform, in a pml-null background, yields distinct subcellular localization patterns, suggesting that, like in other RBCC/TRIM proteins, the COOH-terminal domains of PML are involved in interactions with specific cellular components. Only the isoform-specific sequences of PML-I and PML-V are highly conserved between man and mouse. That PML-I contains all conserved exons and is more abundantly expressed than PML-IV suggests that it is a critical contributor to PML function(s). (Cancer Res 2006; 66(12): 6192-8)
Empiric Therapy for Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: John F. Inciardi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 October 1994Empiric Therapy for Febrile NeutropeniaJohn F. Inciardi, PharmDJohn F. Inciardi, PharmDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-8-199410150-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The large effort by the Intercontinental Antimicrobial Study Group to compare single-agent and combination therapy for febrile neutropenia [1] appears long on data and short on analysis. Consequently, this otherwise impressive report leaves unanswered several important issues that should be extracted from the raw data.First, how is the reported odds ratio (1.07) for a satisfactory response (ceftazidime compared with tobramycin plus piperacillin) affected by important patient variables such as age, underlying disease, and granulocyte count? Although the authors list and compare such items in a table, the odds ratio appears to be unadjusted for any of ...References1. De Pauw BE, Deresinski SC, Feld R, Lane-Allman EF, Donnelly JP, for the Intercontinental Antimicrobial Study Group. Ceftazidime compared with piperacillin and tobramycin for the empiric treatment of fever in neutropenic patients with cancer. A multicenter randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:834-44. Google Scholar2. Rothman KJ. Modern Epidemiology. Boston: Little, Brown; 1986:125-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John F. Inciardi, PharmD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1994Volume 121, Issue 8Page: 623-624KeywordsAntimicrobialsConfidence intervalsGranulocytesNeutropeniaOdds ratio ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 October 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Improvement in Aerosol Delivery with Helium–Oxygen Mixtures during Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: MARK L. GOODE, JAMES B. FINK, RAJIV DHAND, MARTIN J. TOBIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

In mechanically ventilated patients with airway obstruction, helium–oxygen (He–O2) mixtures reduce airway resistance and improve ventilation, but their influence on aerosol delivery is unknown. Accordingly, we determined the effect of various He–O2 mixtures on albuterol delivery from metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) and jet nebulizers in an in vitro model of mechanical ventilation. Albuterol delivery from a MDI was increased when the ventilator circuit contained 80% helium and 20% oxygen (He–O2 80/20) versus O2: 46.7 ± 3.3 versus 30.2 ± 1.3 (SE)% of the nominal dose (p < 0.001)—the difference was mainly due to decreased drug deposition in the spacer chamber, mean 39.2% and 55.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). Nebulizer efficiency at a flow rate of 6 L/min was five times lower with He–O2 80/20 than O2, and the amount of nebulized drug was inversely correlated with gas density (r = 0.94, p < 0.0001). When the nebulizer was operated with O2, greater albuterol delivery was achieved when the ventilator circuit contained He–O2 rather than O2. In summary, He–O2 mixtures in the circuit increased aerosol delivery for both MDIs and nebulizers in the mechanically ventilated model by as much as 50%. In conclusion, at appropriate flow rates and concentrations, He–O2 in the ventilator circuit may improve aerosol delivery in mechanically ventilated patients with severe airway obstruction.
Apparent inosine uptake by the human heart
Authors: J. W. DE JONG, W. CZARNECKI, W. RUZYLLO, T. HUIZER, K. HERBACZYNSKA-CEDRO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Although inosine has been used clinically to support the myocardium, no data are available on the fate of exogenous inosine in the human heart. We therefore infused six patients, catheterised for coronary angiography, with inosine (5 mg·kg−1·min−1 intravenously) for 6 minutes. Before infusion, the arterio-venous difference of inosine, hypoxanthine and xanthine across the heart was nil. During infusion, arterial inosine increased substantially, exceeding the coronary sinus concentration by a maximum of 200 (SEM 53) μmol·litre−1, p = 0.02, at the fourth minute. Arterial hypoxanthine and xanthine also increased, while the arterio-venous difference became 16(11) and 10(3) (p = 0.04) μmol·litre−1, respectively. Left ventricular dP/dtmax increased by 22(7)% (p = 0.04) at the end of infusion. Thus, there seemed to be substantial uptake of inosine by the human heart, followed by improvement in haemodynamics.
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Yuchi Han, Dana C. Peters, Carol J. Salton, Dorota Bzymek, Reza Nezafat, Beth Goddu, Kraig V. Kissinger, Peter J. Zimetbaum, Warren J. Manning, Susan B. Yeon
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2008)
The Parakeet as a Source of Salmonellosis in Man
Authors: Donald Kaye, Henry R. Shinefield, Edward W. Hook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE vast reservoir of salmonella in animals constitutes a major source of salmonellosis in man. These organisms have been isolated from many animal species, including the cow, buffalo, pig, sheep, dog, cat, rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, seal, donkey, chicken, duck, turkey, dove, pigeon, starling, sparrow, cowbird, lizard, snake, tortoise, housefly, tick, louse, flea and cockroach.1 Salmonellae have also been isolated from parrots2 3 4 5 6 and other psittacine birds,3 , 7 but there is only 1 report of isolations from the common parakeet (Australian shell parakeet, Melopsittacus undulatus).5 The present report describes a case of salmonellosis in an infant in which a parakeet . . .
RIP140 increases APC expression and controls intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis
Authors: Marion Lapierre, Sandrine Bonnet, Caroline Bascoul-Mollevi, Imade Ait-Arsa, Stéphan Jalaguier, Maguy Del Rio, Michela Plateroti, Paul Roepman, Marc Ychou, Julie Pannequin, Frédéric Hollande, Malcolm Parker, Vincent Cavailles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Deregulation of the Wnt/APC/β-catenin signaling pathway is an important consequence of tumor suppressor APC dysfunction. Genetic and molecular data have established that disruption of this pathway contributes to the development of colorectal cancer. Here, we demonstrate that the transcriptional coregulator RIP140 regulates intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Using Rip140-null mice and mice overexpressing human RIP140, we found that RIP140 inhibited intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis. Interestingly, following whole-body irradiation, mice lacking RIP140 exhibited improved regenerative capacity in the intestine, while mice overexpressing RIP140 displayed reduced recovery. Enhanced RIP140 expression strongly repressed human colon cancer cell proliferation in vitro and after grafting onto nude mice. Moreover, in murine tissues and human cancer cells, RIP140 stimulated APC transcription and inhibited β-catenin activation and target gene expression. Finally, RIP140 mRNA and RIP140 protein levels were decreased in human colon cancers compared with those in normal mucosal tissue, and low levels of RIP140 expression in adenocarcinomas from patients correlated with poor prognosis. Together, these results support a tumor suppressor role for RIP140 in colon cancer.
Peripheral Entrapment Neuropathies
Authors: Andrea Cracchiolo
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Seventy-three patients were surgically treated for a variety of peripheral entrapment neuropathies. Although the carpal tunnel syndrome was most common, compressions of the ulnar, radial, peroneal, posterior tibial, and suprascapular nerves were also found. In several cases, the entrapment was only a sign of the more generalized systemic disease present.
Clinical tumour size and prognosis in lung cancer. Bronchogenic Carcinoma Cooperative Group of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (GCCB-S)
Authors: Bronchogenic
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

In the staging of lung cancer (LC), tumour size is a variable that can be used to separate primary tumour, regional nodes, metastasis (TNM), stages T1 and T2 (&lt;3 or &gt;3 cm). The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of tumour size before thoracotomy and to determine whether tumour size can be used to classify LC as T3. This multi-institutional cooperative longitudinal prospective study in Spanish hospitals located throughout the country, with a broad range of activity levels, included all consecutive cases of LC treated surgically from October 1993 to September 1996 (n=2,361). Four prognostic groups, characterized by tumour size, were identified according to the Schoenfeld procedure: a) 0-2 cm (n=173); b) 2.1-4 cm (n=542); c) 4.1-7 cm (n= 413); and d) &gt;7 cm (n=77). The 2-yr survival rates by group were a=0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-0.84); b=0.67 (95% CI 0.62-0.71); c=0.58 (95% CI 0.53-0.63); d=0.41 (95% CI 0.29-0.52). The log-rank comparisons of the survival curves were significant for the four groups (a versus b=0.0008, b versus c=0.003, c versus d=0.016). The clinical tumour size of lung cancer defined four prognostic groups (0-2 cm, 2.1-4 cm, 4.1-7 cm; and &gt;7 cm). Lung cancer with a diameter &gt;7 cm had a prognosis similar to that of stage T3 or stage IIB.
Urinary Incontinence and Erectile Dysfunction After Robotic Versus Open Radical Prostatectomy: A Prospective, Controlled, Nonrandomised Trial
Authors: Eva Haglind, Stefan Carlsson, Johan Stranne, Anna Wallerstedt, Ulrica Wilderäng, Thordis Thorsteinsdottir, Mikael Lagerkvist, Jan-Erik Damber, Anders Bjartell, Jonas Hugosson, Peter Wiklund, Gunnar Steineck
Journal: European Urology (2015)

Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) has become widely used without high-grade evidence of superiority regarding long-term clinical outcomes compared with open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), the gold standard.To compare patient-reported urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction 12 mo after RALP or RRP.This was a prospective, controlled, nonrandomised trial of patients undergoing prostatectomy in 14 centres using RALP or RRP. Clinical-record forms and validated patient questionnaires at baseline and 12 mo after surgery were collected.Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with logistic regression and adjusted for possible confounders. The primary end point was urinary incontinence (change of pad less than once in 24h vs one time or more per 24h) at 12 mo. Secondary end points were erectile dysfunction at 12 mo and positive surgical margins.At 12 mo after RALP, 366 men (21.3%) were incontinent, as were 144 (20.2%) after RRP. The unadjusted OR was 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–1.34). Erectile dysfunction was observed in 1200 men (70.4%) 12 mo after RALP and 531 (74.7%) after RRP. The unadjusted OR was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.66–0.98).In a Swedish setting, RALP for prostate cancer was modestly beneficial in preserving erectile function compared with RRP, without a statistically significant difference regarding urinary incontinence or surgical margins.We compared patient-reported urinary incontinence after prostatectomy with two types of surgical technique. There was no statistically significant improvement in the rate of urinary leakage, but there was a small improvement regarding erectile function after robot-assisted operation.