tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABO and Rh0(D) Blood Types in Patients With Multiple Primary Cancers
Authors: Keith E. Holley
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Attempts to associate ABO and other blood types with various disease states have resulted in a large and somewhat controversial literature.<sup>1-6</sup>The necessary requirement of large numbers of patients and appropriate control data has been difficult to meet except for the more common disease states. The review articles of Roberts<sup>7</sup>and of Clarke<sup>8</sup>clearly point out the pitfalls of drawing statistical conclusions from small series of patients. Recently Fadhli and Dominguez<sup>9</sup>reported finding an increased incidence of blood type A among 125 white patients who had multiple primary cancers. It was suggested that the probability of a second primary malignant tumor developing in these patients with blood type A could be considered greater than it was in patients whose blood type was 0, B, or AB. These authors further commented, however, on the need of larger series to confirm their findings. Tsukada and associates<sup>10</sup>were
A Threat of Inflated Information Costs
Authors: EDWARD J. HUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Editorials1 June 1982A Threat of Inflated Information CostsEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.EDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-6-782 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMuch that is healthy in American society is due to the right balance between public investment in public good and private investment for private profit. For two centuries we have seen the advantages of even-handed support of both needs. But in some periods the balance has been tipped too far by heavy hands on one side or the other. We face that threat today. In the present political climate in Washington, advantages are being thrown to the side of private profit and at the expense of public good. Irreplaceable natural resources are being threatened by the government's quickly mounted assaults...References1. CUMMINGSMEHNERT MR. MEDLARS services of the National Library of Medicine: public resource or market commodity. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96(6 Pt 1):772-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Medlars fee schedule should be at "fullcost" rate for commercial users, house hearing told; lower fees are "unfair competition" with private firms. The Blue Sheet. 1982; March 3:9-10. Google Scholar3. Medlars fee schedule policies questioned by Sen. Rudman. The Blue Sheet. 1982; February 24:3. Google Scholar4. WERNER G. The cost recovery issue and the government's role in provision of information services. Bull Med Libr Assoc. 1982;70:244-5. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. SHERRINGTON A. Index Medicus jeopardized. Can Med Assoc J. 1982;126:459-60. MedlineGoogle Scholar6. HAAS W. Competing in documentation and scholarly research. Science. 1982;215:857-61. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: EDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.Affiliations: American College of Physicians Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byINVERSE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICAL EDUCATION 1 June 1982Volume 96, Issue 6_Part_1Page: 782-783KeywordsAssaultHealth information technology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Acid Phosphatase Activity in Ureteral Urine
Authors: Myron R. Schoenfeld
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE DETECTION of unilateral renal disease has become an important goal in modern medicine, primarily because many cases of hypertension are founded on this basis, and, therefore, are potentially curable by surgery. The search for such cases has depended, in part, on the comparison of the amount of various substances in ureteral urine from the suspect and opposite sides. The chemical substances that are commonly determined—water, sodium, chloride, potassium, creatinine, protein, inulin, para-aminohippurate—are substances which, for the most part, are extracted from the blood by the kidneys and are excreted into the urine and, therefore, reflect the<i>functional integrity</i>of the kidneys. The kidneys, however, are known to have a substantial functional reserve, so that it is likely that<i>anatomic integrity</i>would deteriorate long before the functional counterpart would. One line of approach to the study of renal anatomical integrity is the determination of ureteral urine enzyme activity, for most
Communication With Deaf Patients
Authors: David A. Ebert
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To assess physicians' knowledge and beliefs regarding communication with deaf people and compare their knowledge and beliefs with their methods of communicating with deaf patients in their practices.Survey.University medical center.Attending physicians in an internal medicine department.Physicians were surveyed regarding prior contacts with deaf patients and with deaf people outside the medical setting, and regarding their knowledge and beliefs concerning methods of communicating with deaf people. Physicians were asked to estimate the fraction of encounters in which they communicated with deaf patients by lipreading, writing, translation by a relative or friend, a sign language interpreter, or other methods.Writing was the method used most frequently in communicating with deaf patients. Although 63% of physicians knew that signing should be the initial method of communicating with deaf patients who sign, only 22% used sign language interpreters more frequently than other methods in their practices. Past contact with deaf people (P = .05), belief that communication by signing was the best means of communication (P = .04), and knowledge of the inefficiency of lipreading (P = .04) were predictors of the use of sign language interpreters for deaf patients. Physicians who used sign language interpreters more frequently than other methods believed that much more time and effort were involved in caring for deaf than for hearing patients compared with those who used interpreters less frequently (P = .08).Although most physicians believed that use of sign language interpreters was preferable, only a minority used them in their practices. Greater recognition of the advantages of signing over other methods and greater availability of sign language interpreters should lead to more effective communication between deaf patients and physicians.
Ascending Myelitis in Association with Herpes-Simplex Virus
Authors: J. Klastersky, R. Cappel, J. M. Snoeck, J. Flament, L. Thiry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

TWO distinct neurologic syndromes have been recognized in adults in association with infection with herpes-simplex virus (HSV).1 , 2 Herpetic encephalitis is a severe and often fatal infection, and herpetic meningitis is often clinically indistinguishable from other aseptic meningitides caused by various viruses. Detailed reports of progressive dysfunction of the spinal cord in association with herpetic infection, and without encephalitis, have not yet been published, although, in a recent communication, Craig and Nahmias mentioned a case of ascending myelitis and isolation of HSV Type 2 from vulvar lesions. Virologic cultures of the cerebrospinal fluid were negative.3 Case ReportA 45-year-old woman was . . .
Diarrhoea and vomiting caused by gastroenteritis in children under 5 years: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: R. Khanna, M. Lakhanpaul, S. Burman-Roy, M S. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Gastroenteritis is common, with many children having more than one episode a year. The characteristic symptoms—sudden onset of diarrhoea with or without vomiting—are unpleasant and affect both the child and family or carers. Although the illness usually resolves without treatment and can be managed in the community, many children are admitted to hospital each year.1 2 In the absence of national guidance, clinical practice is thought to vary considerably across the United Kingdom, with a major effect on the use of healthcare resources.3 This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the diagnosis, assessment, and management of diarrhoea and vomiting caused by gastroenteritis in children under 5 years.4 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italics in square brackets. ### Diagnosis #### Clinical diagnosis
Introduction of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence as a method to study silica inflammation in the tissue and phagocytic cells of rat lung.
Authors: J M Antonini, K Van Dyke, Z Ye, M DiMatteo, M J Reasor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The inhalation of silica has been shown to produce a dramatic inflammatory and toxic response within the lungs of humans and laboratory animals. A variety of cellular and biochemical parameters are used to assess the silica-induced lung injury. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the use of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence as a new method to study inflammation in both phagocytic cells and lung tissue recovered from silica-exposed animals. Chemiluminescence, or the emission of light, accompanies the release of reactive forms of oxygen when phagocytic cells are challenged. In this study, male Fischer 344 rats were intratracheally instilled with either silica (10 mg/100 g bw) or saline vehicle. One day after the instillations, a marked increase in the chemiluminescence was observed in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage cells recovered from the silica-treated animals when compared with the saline controls. The light reaction was markedly decreased by either superoxide dismutase of N-nitro-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. Superoxide dismutase is involved in the enzymatic breakdown of superoxide anion, while N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrocholoride, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, prevents the formation of nitric oxide. When superoxide anion and nitric oxide react, they form the highly oxidizing substance peroxynitrite. This study then implicates peroxynitrite as an agent that may be responsible for some of the oxidant lung injury that is associated with silica exposure. The use of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence may prove valuable as a method to measure the earliest events in the inflammatory process, and may be an adjunct in studying the mechanisms that produce inflammation.
Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy of common warts: cryo-spray vs. cotton wool bud
Authors: I. Ahmed, S. Agarwal, A. Ilchyshyn, S. Charles-Holmes, J. Berth-Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Viral warts represent a large workload for dermatology departments. Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen is the most widely used method of treatment by dermatologists and is increasingly used by general practitioners in the U.K. Existing data relating to the response to cryotherapy are virtually all derived from the use of a cotton wool bud as the applicator. There is an increasing trend to use the cryo-spray to freeze warts and it has been assumed that this is equally effective. In view of the workload involved it is important to test this assumption.This prospective study was undertaken to compare these two methods of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy with regards to cure rate after 3 months of treatment.Patients referred to two hospital dermatology departments with hand or foot warts were allocated to have liquid nitrogen applied with either a cryo-spray or with a cotton wool bud. Using either technique, liquid nitrogen was applied until ice-ball formation had spread from the centre to include a margin of 2 mm around each wart. Treatment was done fortnightly for up to 3 months. Plantar warts were pared and treated with a double freeze-thaw cycle. The endpoint of the study was complete clearance of all warts.Three hundred and sixty-three patients were enrolled, mean age 21 years (range 3-75), 188 male and 175 female. The mean duration of the warts was 98 weeks (median 78, range 2-936). The number of warts on the hands and feet varied from one to 80 (mean 5). The treatment groups were comparable with regards to baseline demographics. Two hundred and seven patients were evaluable. Cure rates at 3 months were 47% in the cotton wool bud group and 44% in the cryo-spray group (P = 0.8). Warts that had been present for 6 months or less (n = 31) had a greater chance of clearance (84%) compared with warts that had been present for more than 6 months (39%, n = 176) (P < 0.0005).Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen for hand and foot warts in our study was equally effective when applied with a cotton wool bud or by means of a spray.
Iatrogeny as a Cofactor in Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding—A Prospective Study in Portugal Regional Hospitals
Authors: C. Cardoso, M.I. Cremers, B. Arroja, R. Ramos, J. Pedrosa, L. Glória, I. Rosa, L. Eliseu, E. Cancela, A.C. Rego
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Sophorolipids Decrease IgE Production in U266 Cells.
Authors: M.H. Bluth, T.A. Smith-Norowitz, M. Hagler, R. Beckford, S. Chice, V. Shah, R. Gross, M. Nowakowski, R. Schulze, M. Zenilman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Bacteriology and Surgical Technic for Nurses.
Authors: Emily Marjory Armstrong Stoney
Journal: JAMA (1905)

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Abstract 2980: An integrated cross-species transcriptional network analysis of metastatic susceptibility
Authors: Ying Hu, Gang Wu, Michael Rusch, Luanne Lukes, Kenneth H. Buetow, Jinghui Zhang, Kent W. Hunter
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Metastatic disease is the proximal cause of mortality for most cancers and remains a significant problem for the clinical management of neoplastic disease. Recent advances in global transcriptional analysis have enabled better prediction of individuals likely to progress to metastatic disease. However, minimal overlap between predictive signatures has precluded easy identification of key biological processes contributing to the pro-metastatic transcriptional state. To overcome this limitation, we have applied network analysis to two independent human breast cancer data sets and three different mouse populations developed for quantitative analysis of metastasis. Analysis of these data sets revealed that the gene membership of the networks is highly conserved within and between species, and that these networks predicted distant metastasis free survival. Furthermore these results suggest that inherited susceptibility to metastatic disease is cell autonomous in ER+ tumors and associated with the mitotic spindle checkpoint. In contrast, susceptibility to metastasis is tumor non-autonomous in ER- patients and associated with an inherited difference in immune infiltration of the primary tumor. These results suggest that the application of network analysis across species may provide a robust method to identify key biological programs associated with human cancer progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2980. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2980
Human Papillomavirus 16/18 E6 Oncoprotein Is Expressed in Lung Cancer and Related with p53 Inactivation
Authors: Ya-Wen Cheng, Ming-Fang Wu, John Wang, Kun-Tu Yeh, Yih-Gang Goan, Hui-Ling Chiou, Chih-Yi Chen, Huei Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Inactivation of p53 by human papillomavirus 16/18 E6 plays a crucial role in cervical tumorigenesis. To investigate the involvement of HPV16/18 in lung tumorigenesis, the association between HPV16 or HPV18 E6 and p53 protein expression in 122 lung tumors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and data showed that HPV16/18 E6 expression correlated inversely with p53 expression, which was further confirmed by tissue in situ immunostaining. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated that E6-positive tumors had lower p21WAF1/CIP1 and mdm2 mRNA levels than E6-negative tumors. To elucidate the role of E6 in p53 inactivation, we successfully established lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with or without HPV16 infection from patients' pleural effusions. Western blotting showed that E6 protein was indeed expressed in HPV16-infected cells and a lower level of p53 protein was observed in E6-positive cells compared with E6-negative cells. Moreover, the levels of p21WAF1/CIP1 and mdm2 mRNA in E6-positive cells were lower than in E6-negative cells. The interaction of E6 with p53 protein was revealed by immunoprecipitation assay showing that p53 could be inactivated by E6 protein. Conversely, p53 proteins and p21WAF1/CIP1 and mdm2 mRNA expressions were restored in E6-knockdown cells by RNA interference compared with control cells. These results reveal that HPV16/18 E6 may be partially involved in p53 inactivation to down-regulate p21WAF1/CIP1 and mdm2 transcription. In conclusion, HPV16/18 E6 is indeed expressed in HPV DNA–positive lung tumors and is involved in p53 inactivation to contributing to HPV-mediated lung tumorigenesis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(22):10686–93]
Abstract 4540: Preclinical pharmacology and antitumor activity of CP-744809, a highly selective orally available small molecule inhibitor of aldose reductase
Authors: David W. Griggs, Kristen E. Shannon, Scott D. Hauser, David A. Matulewic, Michael T. Baratta, Jodi A. Pegg
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aldose reductase (AKR1B1) mediates the first and rate limiting step in the conversion of glucose to polyols that contribute to redox imbalance, formation of reactive oxygen species, and activation of signal transduction pathways that can promote tumor formation and tumor growth. Aldose reductases are overexpressed in a variety of human tumors, and genetic or pharmacological blockade of AKR1B1 has been reported to attenuate these processes. CP-744809 is a highly potent and selective aldose reductase enzyme inhibitor which has been previously shown to provide efficacy in an experimental model of diabetic retinopathy. The compound has properties of high oral bioavailability, very high protein binding, and a very long half life in vivo. In this study, we have characterized the activity of this agent in animal models of angiogenesis and tumor growth. CP-744809 treatment significantly reduced VEGF-induced angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner in the rat corneal micropocket assay, suggesting a heretofore unrecognized role for aldose reductase in this process. Interestingly, when the related aldose reductase inhibitor Zopolrestat was administered to normal rats, a significantly decreased level of the angiogenic lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate was observed along with other lipid changes. In xenograft models, the CP-744809 treatment was associated with significant and reproducible reduction in tumor size that was dose dependent and superior to treatment with Zopolrestat. Final tumor mass in individual animals was highly correlated with the corresponding intratumoral drug concentration. In contrast, drug concentrations in serum were poorly correlated with drug concentrations in tumor or with tumor mass. Serum drug concentrations at every dose were consistently 7-10 fold higher than those observed in tumor, suggesting a barrier to optimal penetration of tumor tissue by the compound. Pooling data from multiple in vivo studies, the total intra-tumoral drug concentration (protein bound and unbound) required to achieve half maximal efficacy (EC50) was estimated to be 77 micrograms/ml. These results confirm the therapeutic potential of aldose reductase as an interesting cancer target, and have uncovered a novel antiangiogenic activity. They also highlight the obstacle that adequate tumor tissue penetration may pose for clinical development of agents such as CP-744809. Combination treatments with other agents are being evaluated to assess the potential for synergistic activity with the vascular and inflammation modulating properties of aldose reductase inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4540.
Treatment of Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma with 90Y-Clivatuzumab Tetraxetan: A Phase I Single-Dose Escalation Trial
Authors: Seza A. Gulec, Steven J. Cohen, Kenneth L. Pennington, Lionel S. Zuckier, Ralph J. Hauke, Heather Horne, William A. Wegener, Nick Teoh, David V. Gold, Robert M. Sharkey, David M. Goldenberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Humanized antibody hPAM4 specifically binds a mucin glycoprotein expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. This phase I study evaluated a single dose of (90)Y-clivatuzumab tetraxetan ((90)Y-labeled hPAM4) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.Twenty-one patients (4 stage III; 17 stage IV) received (111)In-hPAM4 for imaging and serum sampling before (90)Y-hPAM4. Study procedures evaluated adverse events, safety laboratories, computed tomography (CT) scans, biomarkers, pharmacokinetics, radiation dosimetry, and immunogenicity (HAHA).(111)In-hPAM4 showed normal biodistribution with radiation dose estimates to red marrow and solid organs acceptable for radioimmunotherapy and with tumor targeting in 12 patients. One patient withdrew before (90)Y-hPAM4; otherwise, 20 patients received (90)Y doses of 15 (n = 7), 20 (n = 9), and 25 mCi/m(2) (n = 4). Treatment was well tolerated; the only significant drug-related toxicities were (NCI CTC v.3) grade 3 to 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia increasing with (90)Y dose. There were no bleeding events or serious infections, and most cytopenias recovered to grade 1 within 12 weeks. Three patients at 25 mCi/m(2) encountered dose-limiting toxicity with grade 4 cytopenias more than 7 days, establishing 20 mCi/m(2) as the maximal tolerated (90)Y dose. Two patients developed HAHA of uncertain clinical significance. Most patients progressed rapidly and with CA19-9 levels increasing within 1 month of therapy, but 7 remained progression-free by CT for 1.5 to 5.6 months, including 3 achieving transient partial responses (32%-52% tumor diameter shrinkage).(90)Y-Clivatuzumab tetraxetan was well tolerated with manageable hematologic toxicity at the maximal tolerated (90)Y dose, and is a potential new therapeutic for advanced pancreatic cancer.