tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Remifentanil-propofol analgo-sedation shortens duration of ventilation and length of ICU stay compared to a conventional regimen: a centre randomised, cross-over, open-label study in the Netherlands
Authors: F. Willem Rozendaal, Peter E. Spronk, Ferdinand F. Snellen, Adri Schoen, Arthur R. H. van Zanten, Norbert A. Foudraine, Paul G. H. Mulder, Jan Bakker
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)

Compare duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), weaning time, ICU-LOS (ICU-LOS), efficacy and safety of remifentanil-based regimen with conventional sedation and analgesia. Centre randomised, open-label, crossover, 'real-life' study. 15 Dutch hospitals. Adult medical and post-surgical ICU patients with anticipated short-term (2–3 days) MV. Patient cohorts were randomised to remifentanil-based regimen (n = 96) with propofol as required, for a maximum of 10 days, or to conventional regimens (n = 109) of propofol, midazolam or lorazepam combined with fentanyl or morphine. Outcomes were weaning time, duration of MV, ICU-LOS, sedation- and analgesia levels, intensivist/ICU nurse satisfaction, adverse events, mean arterial pressure, heart rate. Median duration of ventilation (MV) was 5.1 days with conventional treatment versus 3.9 days with remifentanil (NS). The remifentanil-based regimen reduced median weaning time by 18.9 h (P = 0.0001). Median ICU-LOS was 7.9 days versus 5.9 days, respectively (NS). However, the treatment effects on duration of MV and ICU stay were time-dependent: patients were almost twice as likely to be extubated (P = 0.018) and discharged from the ICU (P = 0.05) on day 1–3. Propofol doses were reduced by 20% (P = 0.05). Remifentanil also improved sedation-agitation scores (P < 0.0001) and intensivist/ICU nurse satisfaction (P < 0.0001). All other outcomes were comparable. In patients with an expected short-term duration of MV, remifentanil significantly improves sedation and agitation levels and reduces weaning time. This contributes to a shorter duration of MV and ICU-LOS.
p68 RNA helicase promotes glioma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo via direct regulation of NF- B transcription factor p50
Authors: R. Wang, Z. Jiao, R. Li, H. Yue, L. Chen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)

The DEAD-box RNA helicase p68 plays a very important role in early organ development and maturation. However, the role of p68 in glioma is unclear. In this study, we showed that p68 protein levels were significantly elevated in high-grade gliomas compared to low-grade gliomas and normal adjacent brain tissues. Importantly, the expression of p68 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival and enhanced resistance to treatment with radiotherapy plus temozolomide for glioma patients. Ectopic expression of p68 enhanced glioma cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, knockdown of endogenous p68 prevented glioma cell proliferation. Using a tandem affinity purification assay, we found a new p68-binding protein, nuclear factor (NF)–κB p50. We found that p68 bound with the N-terminal of NF-κB p50, and the mutant of p68 lacking the p50-interaction domain failed to stimulate glioma cell proliferation and tumor growth. Moreover, p68 induced NF-κB p50 accumulation in the nucleus through release of NF-κB p50 from IκBα and increased NF-κB p50 target luciferase transcription activity. Knockdown of NF-κB p50 rescued the phenotypes induced by p68 both in vitro and in vivo. We concluded that p68 induces glioma tumor growth through binding with NF-κB p50, regulating NF-κB p50 nucleus accumulation and transcription activity.
An Actin-Binding Protein Girdin Regulates the Motility of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Ping Jiang, Atsushi Enomoto, Mayumi Jijiwa, Takuya Kato, Taisaku Hasegawa, Maki Ishida, Tomoko Sato, Naoya Asai, Yoshiki Murakumo, Masahide Takahashi
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Girdin (girders of actin filaments) is a novel actin-binding Akt substrate that plays an important role in actin organization and Akt-dependent cell motility in fibroblasts. Here, we find that Girdin is expressed in a variety of cancer cell lines, including the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, and is phosphorylated by the stimulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I). In vitro migration and invasion assays showed that Girdin is required for the IGF-I–dependent cell movement of MDA-MB-231 cells. Short hairpin interfering RNA directed against Girdin markedly inhibited the metastasis of s.c. transplanted MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice. In addition, Girdin is highly expressed in a variety of human malignant tissues, including breast, colon, lung, and uterine cervical carcinomas. These findings highlight the important role of Girdin in tumor progression in which the Akt signaling pathway is aberrantly activated. [Cancer Res 2008;68(5):1310–8]
Matrix Remodeling in Vascular Calcification Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ashwini S. Pai, Cecilia M. Giachelli
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

Vascular calcification is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. Mechanistic studies highlight the importance of dysregulated mineral metabolism, vascular osteochondrogenic processes, apoptosis, and deficiencies in calcification inhibitors as potential mediators of calcification in renal disease. However, the contribution of the extracellular matrix in vascular calcification associated with chronic kidney disease is less understood. Here we examine evidence that suggests important roles for elastin and elastin-degrading enzymes as potential key regulators of calcification. Additional studies aimed at further understanding their role are critical for the design of therapeutic interventions.
Deliberate Circulatory Arrest: The Use of Halothane and Heparin for Direct-Vision Intracardiac Surgery
Authors: R. H. Orton, K. N. Morris
Journal: Thorax (1959)

<b>Background:</b> Positive surgical margins are an adverse prognostic factor in patients undergoing prostatectomy for prostate cancer. The extent of margin positivity varies and its influence on clinical outcome is uncertain. <b>Aims:</b> To evaluate the linear extent of margin positivity and the number and location of positive sites as prognostic indicators in a series of prostatectomy specimens evaluated with the whole mount technique. <b>Methods:</b> Eighty six consecutive margin positive prostatectomy specimens were evaluated, and all pathology data were collected prospectively. The linear extent of margin positivity was measured with an ocular micrometer and the total extent of all positive sites was summed. The total number of sites with positive margins and anatomical sites of the positive margins were analysed. <b>Results:</b> The linear extent of margin positivity ranged from 0.01 to 68 mm (mean, 6.8; median, 3.0) and was associated with prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in univariate logistic regression (p = 0.031). In addition, the extent of margin positivity weakly correlated with preoperative PSA (p = 0.017) and tumour volume (p = 0.013), but not with age, prostate weight, Gleason score, pathological stage, or perineural invasion. The total number of positive sites was significantly higher in patients with PSA recurrence (p = 0.037). The location of the positive margin site was not associated with PSA recurrence. The extent of margin positivity correlated with PSA recurrence in univariate analysis, although it had only marginal predictive value when adjusted for Gleason score (p = 0.076). <b>Conclusions:</b> The extent of margin positivity correlates with PSA recurrence in univariate analysis, although it has no predictive value independent of Gleason score.
Does Microenvironment Contribute to the Etiology of Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer?
Authors: Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

What dictates the prevalence of certain types of breast cancer, which are classified by markers, particularly estrogen receptor (ER), expression profiles such as basal or luminal, and genetic alterations such as HER2 amplification, in particular populations is not well understood. It is increasingly evident that microenvironment disruption is highly intertwined with cancer progression. Here, the idea that microenvironment shapes the course of carcinogenesis, and hence breast cancer subtype, is discussed. Aggressive, basal-like, ER-negative breast tumors occur in younger women, African-American women, women who carry BRCA1 mutation, and women exposed to ionizing radiation. Recent experimental studies using ionizing radiation, a well-documented environmental exposure, suggest that certain processes in the microenvironment strongly favor the development of ER-negative tumors. Understanding the contribution of tissue microenvironment during carcinogenesis could lead to prevention strategies that are personalized to age, agent, and exposure to reduce the risk of aggressive breast cancer.
Child Abuse Prediction: Policy Implications
Authors: E. T. Sproles
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book is composed of a collection of revised and edited papers originally presented at a study group on "Issues in the Prediction of Child Abuse," sponsored by the Society for Research in Child Development. The year of presentation of the papers is not specified, but dated references cited suggest the middle to late 1970s. Apparently, most of the papers have been updated for the publication. Early chapters examine definitional problems in detail and discuss the selection of appropriate theoretical models for abuse—both of which represent important components in the framework for research in the field. The reader is quickly led to the conclusion that primary efforts should be aimed at prevention and modification, not based on identified "at risk" or "potentially abusive" groups, because the probability of accurate prediction is low. Chapter 1 discusses the basic problem of the lack of an appropriate, practically applicable definition of abuse. This
Harry Goldblatt and the discovery of renin
Authors: Heather L. Van Epps
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

In 1934, pathologist Harry Goldblatt established the first animal model of hypertension. This model provided researchers with the tools to delineate the renin-angiotensin system of blood pressure control and, eventually, to design enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of chronic hypertension.
Cadmium down-regulates expression of XIAP at the post-transcriptional level in prostate cancer cells through an NF-κB-independent, proteasome-mediated mechanism
Authors: Konstantin Golovine, Peter Makhov, Robert G Uzzo, Alexander Kutikov, David J Kaplan, Eric Fox, Vladimir M Kolenko
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background Cadmium has been classified as a human carcinogen, affecting health through occupational and environmental exposure. Cadmium has a long biological half-life (&gt;25 years), due to the flat kinetics of its excretion. The prostate is one of the organs with highest levels of cadmium accumulation. Importantly, patients with prostate cancer appear to have higher levels of cadmium both in the circulation and in prostatic tissues. Results In the current report, we demonstrate for the first time that cadmium down-regulates expression of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in prostate cancer cells. Cadmium-mediated XIAP depletion occurs at the post-transcriptional level via an NF-κB-independent, proteasome-mediated mechanism and coincides with an increased sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to TNF-α-mediated apoptosis. Prolonged treatment with cadmium results in selection of prostate cancer cells with apoptosis-resistant phenotype. Development of apoptosis-resistance coincides with restoration of XIAP expression in cadmium-selected PC-3 cells. Conclusions Selection of cadmium-resistant cells could represent an adaptive survival mechanism that may contribute to progression of prostatic malignancies.
Proposal of a new prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of 403 patients
Authors: R Tateishi
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly dependent on tumour extension and liver function. Recently, two new prognostic scoring systems—the CLIP score, developed by Italian investigators and the BCLC score, developed in Barcelona—have been widely used to assess prognosis in patients presenting with hepatocellular carcinoma. Each system has its own relative limitations. <b>Aims:</b> To create a new prognostic scoring system which is simple, easy to calculate, and suitable for estimating prognosis during radical treatment of early HCC. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 403 consecutive patients with HCC treated by percutaneous ablation at the Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tokyo Hospital, between 1990 and 1997 were used as the training sample to identify prognostic factors for our patients and used to develop the Tokyo score. As a testing sample, 203 independent patients who underwent hepatectomy at the Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery were studied. Prognostic factors were analysed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression. <b>Results:</b> The Tokyo score consists of four factors: serum albumin, bilirubin, and size and number of tumours. Five year survival was 78.7%, 62.1%, 40.0%, 27.7%, and 14.3% for Tokyo scores 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4–6, respectively. The discriminatory ability of the Tokyo score was internally validated by bootstrap methods. The Tokyo score, CLIP score, and BCLC staging were compared by Akaike information criterion and Harrell’s c index among training and testing samples. In the testing sample, the predictive ability of the Tokyo score was equal to CLIP and better than BCLC staging. <b>Conclusions:</b> The Tokyo score is a simple system which provides good prediction of prognosis for Japanese patients with HCC requiring radical therapy.
Flow in the Major Branches of the Left Coronary Artery during Experimental Coronary Insufficiency in the Unanesthetized Dog
Authors: EDWARD M. KHOURI, DONALD E. GREGG, HOWARD S. LOWENSOHN
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

The dynamic changes in the coronary circulation and the response to drugs were studied following experimentally induced coronary insufficiency. Flow measurements were made in the left circumflex and descending branches of the coronary artery, and in the ascending aorta; pressures were measured in the ascending aorta and the left ventricle. As the left circumflex coronary artery branch was gradually constricted, reactive hyperemia following a 10-second occlusion of that vessel decreased. When the Degrees of constriction became such that the control resting flow began to fall, there was no reactive hyperemia, and the contractility index of the heart decreased. Within less than 24 hours, flow in the descending branch of the left coronary artery rose, and the cardiac contractility index returned to control; peak flow rate in the descending branch during reactive hyperemia after a 10-second occlusion also increased. The response to isoproterenol, nitroglycerin, and dipyridamole was similar in direction before and after the partial reduction of flow in the left circumflex coronary artery branch. The response was less in the coronary vessel with partial occlusion; in the unimpeded descending coronary artery branch, the response increased progressively. These results are consistent with the development of collateral vessels.
Long‐term disease control in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma after suspension of lenalidomide therapy
Authors: Taxiarchis V. Kourelis, Shaji K. Kumar, Geetika Srivastava, Morie A. Gertz, Martha Q. Lacy, Francis K. Buadi, Suzanne R. Hayman, Steven R. Zeldenrust, Nelson Leung, Robert A. Kyle, Stephen J. Russell, David Dingli, John A. Lust, Yi Lin, Prashant Kapoor, Ronald Go, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Angela Dispenzieri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

There are no systematic data regarding nonmaintained induction for those patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who do not receive consolidative autologous stem cell transplantation. Of 173 patients with newly diagnosed MM treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (LenDex) as primary therapy, 31 patients had their lenalidomide discontinued for reasons other than progression or alternate therapy. Median progression free survival (PFS) from the time of discontinuing lenalidomide was longer in patients who received lenalidomide ≥ 1 year (39 vs. 13 months, P < 0.05); there was no difference in PFS for those treated for 1-2 years as compared to ≥ 2 years. Among those taking lenalidomide for ≥ 1 year PFS was superior in patients who were in very good partial response (VGPR) or better as compared to those with partial response (48.4 versus 14.8 months, P < 0.05). All patients who progressed and were rechallenged with LenDex responded. These analyses illustrate that discontinuation of lenalidomide after 1 year among those patients achieving a ≥VGPR can result in long-term disease control.
TWO CASES OF PREGNANCY IN UTERUS SUBSEPTUS
Authors: R. C. Buist
Journal: BMJ (1914)

I MXIDX"L J16USBUS goy,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.Case 17.-Il-para, aged-23.Os about half a crown.Pituitrin I c.cm. given.Delivery followed in fifty minutes.No haemor- rhage.Case 18.-VII-para, aged35.Osabouthalfa crown.Pituitrini 1 c.cm. given.Delivery followed in thirty-five miniutes.No haemorrhage.At five previous confinements this patient had post-partuim haemorrlhage; but with pituitrin it was absent.Case 19.-VI-para, aged 34.Os about half dilated.Pituitrin 1 c.cm. given.Delivery took place in thirty minutes.No haemorrhage.Case 20.-VII-para, aged 36.Os about half dilated.PituLitrin 0.75 c.cm. given.Delivery in twenty-five minutes.No haemorrhage.Case 21.-III-para, aged 21.Os about-half a crown.Pituitrin 0.75 c.cm. Os fully dilated seventyminutes.A second injec- tion 0.5 c.cm. given.Delivery followed in ten minutes.No haemorrhage.Case 2?.-I-para, aged 18. Born before arrival.Severe post- partuts haemorrhage, patient collapsed and almost pulseless.Pituitrin 1 c.cm. injected.Controlled and made excelleint recovery.The patienit has exophthalmic goitre.C(ase 23.-I1L-para, aged 27.Os al)out half a crown.Pituitrin 0.75 c.cm. injected.Delivery after forty minutes.No haemor- rhage.Case 24.-V-para, aged 35.Os half dilated.Pituitrin 0.75 c.cm. g'ven.Delivery followed forty-five minutes later.No haemor- rhage.;Cast'e 25.-V-para, agted 33.Os lhalf a crown.Pituitrin 0.75 c.cm.given.Delivery followed in thirty-five minutes.No haemor- rhage.,Case 26.-III-para, aged 25.Os lhalf dilated.Pituitrin 0.75 c.cm.given.Ielivery after thirty minutes.No haemorrhage.Case 27.-I-para, age( 25.Os admittel two finigers.Pituitrini 0.75 c.cm. given; os fully dilated sixty-five minutes.A second( injection of 0.5 c.cm. given.Delivery followed in twenty minutes.No hlaemorrhlage.(Case 28.-III-para, aged 26.Os lialf a crown.Pituitrin 0.75 c.cm. giveni.Delivery after forty 1minuites.No laemorrhage.*Case 29.-III-para, aged 28.Os lhalf dilated.Pittuitrin 0.75 c.cm. givein.Deliveryafter fifty nminiutes.No haemor- rhage.Case 30.-I-para, agted 19.Os admitted two fingers.Pituitrin 1 c.cm. given; os ftully (lilated in fifty-five minrutes.A secoId( injection of 0.75 c.cm. given.Delivery after twenty minutes.No haemorrhage.Case 31.-IV-para,aged 23.Os half dilated.Pituitrin 0.75 c.cm. given.Delivery followed after tlhirty minlutes.No haemorrhage.Case 32.-IY-para, aged 27.Os a(dmitted two fingers.Pittnitrin 0.75 cecm.givetn.Delivery followe(d in thirty-five miniutes.No haemorrhage.Case 33.-I-para, ated 18. Os a(dmitted two finglers.Pituitrin 1.0 c.cm. injected.Os fully dilate(d after seventy minlutes, a second injection of 0.75 cernl.given; delivery followed twventyfive minutes later.No lhaemorrhage.Case 34.-III-para, agedl 27.Os about half a crown.Pituitrin
Analysis of the MHC class II encoded components of the HLA class I antigen processing pathway in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: R O Burney, K D Pile, K Gibson, A Calin, L G Kennedy, P J Sinnott, S H Powis, B P Wordsworth
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVES--The evaluation of the role of polymorphism within the class II encoded antigen processing genes, LMP2 and TAP, in susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS--Eighty five patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 35 B27 positive healthy controls, and 55 unrelated healthy controls were studied. TAP1 and TAP2 alleles were assigned by ARMS PCR, and LMP2 alleles were assigned by restriction enzyme digestion of a PCR product. RESULTS--The TAP1C allele was increased in the AS group (6%) compared with random controls (1%), p = 0.03 and TAP2E was increased in AS (3.5%) compared with random controls (0%), p = 0.05. However, the frequencies of these alleles were also increased in B27 matched controls. There were no differences in LMP2 allele or genotype frequencies between AS and either of the control groups. Partitioning of patients according to presence or absence of uveitis did not reveal any significant associations. CONCLUSIONS--Increases of the minor TAP alleles, 1C and 2E, in AS reflect linkage disequilibrium between these alleles and HLA-B27. Polymorphism of the class I antigen processing pathway does not contribute significantly to AS susceptibility nor to the development of anterior uveitis associated with AS.
Response to Cersosimo
Authors: David S. Schade, Virginia Valentine
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

We thank Dr. Cersosimo for his letter addressing our editorial and are pleased to address his concerns (1,2). In our article “To Pump or Not to Pump?” (2), we pointed out that both emotions and scientific evidence have contributed to the debate on the role of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) versus multiple daily injections (MDI). It is worth remembering that the only real benefit of CSII relates to the kinetics of delivery of subcutaneous insulin. We emphasized that all previous studies in which NPH insulin was used as the background insulin in MDI were of limited value because insulin glargine now provides a more physiological insulin profile (3). In addition, very …
High school rugby players’ understanding of concussion and return to play guidelines
Authors: Garry Sye, S John Sullivan, Paul McCrory
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

To document high school players' understanding and attitudes towards concussion return to play guidelines.A questionnaire based survey was performed of national high school rugby players as to their knowledge of existing concussion return to play guidelines.A total of 600 male players were surveyed, and 477 responded (response rate 80%). Half (237/477) were aware of concussion guidelines, and 60% (288/477) identified the mandated stand down period that is part of the regulations governing rugby football. Players obtained their information primarily from: teachers/coaches (239 responses), medical personnel (200), and other players (116). Of those players who suspected that they had been concussed (296/477, 62%), only 66 returned to play after medical clearance.This sample of high school players showed a limited knowledge of the concussion guidelines covering their sport, and even when concussed did not follow recommended protocols. This indicates the need for an increased focus on player education.