tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary Heart Disease among Minnesota Business and Professional Men Followed Fifteen Years
Authors: ANCEL KEYS, HENRY LONGSTREET TAYLOR, HENRY BLACKBURN, JOSEF BROZEK, JOSEPH T. ANDERSON, ERNST SIMONSON
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Relative weight, body fatness (skinfold thickness), blood pressure, and serum cholesterol are reported from 281 Minnesota business and professional men, initially clinically healthy and aged 45 to 55, who were followed by annual examinations since the winter of 1947-48. In 15 elapsed years, coronary heart disease developed definitely in 32 men and possibly in 16 other men. The incidence of coronary heart disease tended to be higher among men above the median at first examination in relative weight, body fatness, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum cholesterol concentration but these segregations were not statistically significant except with serum cholesterol, which was associated with p &lt; 0.001. The data for the last pre-disease year on the men who developed coronary heart disease showed a significant relationship between incidence and systolic blood pressure as well as for cholesterol. Average data over all pre-disease years showed significantly reduced risk among the men in the bottom quartile for diastolic as well as for systolic blood pressure, while the cholesterol level was significantly prognostic over the entire range of that variable. The few men who developed coronary heart disease with low cholesterol values tended to be in the top 20 per cent of the distribution of blood pressure or relative weight or both. Relative weight showed a high but still imperfect correlation with body fatness. Arterial blood pressure tended to be elevated in extremely obese or grossly overweight men. Serum cholesterol was not significantly related to any of the other variables. Men who developed coronary heart disease tended to have low values for cholesterol in the alpha-lipoprotein fraction in the serum but the ratio of cholesterol in the alpha- to the beta-lipoprotein fraction of the serum was no more prognostic than total cholesterol alone. Comparison with similar follow-up data from Framingham, Massachusetts, Albany, New York, and Chicago, show a high degree of concordance. In all series relative weight had least significance and the incidence of coronary heart disease rose continuously with the serum cholesterol level. With men classified according to pre-disease cholesterol level, about 80 per cent of the total variance in relative subsequent risk is accounted for by regression of risk on the cholesterol value raised to any power from 2 to 3 and the correlation between observed and predicted relative risk is of the order of r = 0.9.
Models of the force-frequency relationship of rabbit papillary muscle
Authors: E. A. Johnson, N. Shepherd
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Models of the force–frequency relationship of rabbit papillary muscle Get access Edward A. Johnson, Edward A. Johnson From the Department of Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durhum, North Carolina, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Neal Shepherd Neal Shepherd From the Department of Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durhum, North Carolina, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue supp1, July 1971, Pages 101–108, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.supp1.101 Published: 01 July 1971
Lager may lower risk of heart attack
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Pale lager beer causes structural changes in the blood clotting protein fibrinogen that can significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks, according to Israeli researchers. But it is the hops in beer that is largely responsible for this effect, rather than the alcohol, said Dr Shela Gorinstein, a senior researcher at the department of medicinal chemistry and natural protects at the Hebrew University School of Pharmacy in Jerusalem.

Dr Gorinstein, headed the team that conducted the new study, …
The molecular anatomy of the FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene
Authors: C Walz, J Score, J Mix, D Cilloni, C Roche-Lestienne, R-F Yeh, J L Wiemels, E Ottaviani, P Erben, A Hochhaus, M Baccarani, D Grimwade, C Preudhomme, J Apperley, G Martinelli, G Saglio, N C P Cross, A Reiter
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
New Drugs in the Treatment of Angina
Authors: Donald C. Harrison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The introduction, in 1968, of propranolol, a specific adrenergic blocking agent for the beta-receptor system described by Ahlquist, for widespread clinical use provided physicians with a powerful new therapeutic agent. Because the primary adrenergic receptors in the heart are considered to be beta, the action of propranolol in a variety of cardiac disorders has been studied.In this issue of the Journal Aronow and Kaplan report their observation in 24 patients with angina pectoris treated on a double-blind protocol using propranolol plus isosorbide dinitrite versus placebos. Their findings, demonstrating a better clinical and physiologic response with the placebos, are at . . .
Thrombolytic treatment for elderly patients.
Authors: S. Arino, A. Bayer
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Microbial experimental evolution paired with whole-genome sequencing allows researchers to observe evolutionary processes in real-time. The resources for carrying out and analyzing microbial evolution experiments have become more accessible. It is now possible to expand these studies beyond the research laboratory and into the classroom. We have developed a series of five connected and standards-aligned yeast evolution laboratory modules, called “yEvo,” for high school biology students. The modules have been designed to enable students to take agency in answering open-ended research questions. In Module 1, students evolve the baker’s yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> to tolerate an over-the-counter antifungal drug, and in subsequent modules, investigate how evolved yeasts adapted to this stressful condition at both the phenotype and genotype levels. Pre- and post-surveys from 72 students at two different schools and one-on-one interviews with students and teachers were used to assess our program goals to iteratively improve these modules over three years. We also measured changes in student conceptions of mutation and evolution, confidence in scientific practices, and interest in STEM and biology careers. Students who participated in our experimental evolution module showed improvements in activity-specific concepts, including the importance of variation in evolution and the random nature of mutation. They additionally reported increased confidence in their ability to design a valid biology experiment. Student experimental data replicated literature findings on mechanisms of clotrimazole resistance and has led to new insights into this phenomenon. This collaborative endeavor will serve as a model for other university researchers and K-16 classrooms interested in engaging in open-ended research questions using yeast as a model system.
N.A.P.T.: Handbook of Tuberculosis Activities
Authors: H. Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1946)

compares ankylosing spondylitis with rheumatoid arthritis, and suggests that the former condition is due not to an arthritis but to an extension of bone through articular cartilage-a " toxic osteopathy."The influence of the sex glands on bone formation is discussed.Although no concrete relationship has been established between endocrine disturbance and ankylosing spondylitis, either from the aetiological or therapeutic standpoints, work on this is continu- ing.Assuming it to be an osteopathy unconnected with rheumatoid arthritis, the author outlines his concept of the sequence of changes in the condition.He reviews the symptomatology.
More definitions in sickle cell disease: Steady state <i>v</i> base line data
Authors: Samir K. Ballas
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Ballas et al. [1] published concise definitions of the complications of sickle cell disease (SCD). There are other definitions that pertain to SCD that are not complications of the disease as such but are associated with establishing the accurate diagnosis, management, and natural history of each complication. Definition of the steady state and of baseline clinical features and lab data are two such examples. These are important in detecting any significant acute change in the clinical picture or any change after the initiation of therapeutic modalities. No history of an acute painful episode that required treatment in the emergency department or in the hospital for at least four consecutive weeks after a previous painful crisis. No history of admission to the hospital or emergency department 2–3 days after the point in time in question. Previous studies showed that the number of irreversibly sickled cells increases and RBC deformability decreases 2–3 days before admission to the hospital in crisis [2]. This change coincides with the prodromal phase of the acute painful crisis described in children and adults [3, 4]. No history of blood transfusion during the previous 4 months of the point in time. Alternately, the % of Hb A determined by electrophoresis or by high performance liquid chromatography must be ≤10%. The exception would be in patients with sickle-β+-thalassemia in whom endogenous Hb A could be as high as 30%. In these patients, history of recent blood transfusion could be obtained from the blood bank that usually supports the institution in question. Patients on chronic blood transfusion or exchange transfusion may be exempt from this requirement or their Hb S steady state level could be the average of 3 determinations of the % of Hb S before scheduled transfusion or exchange transfusion. No history of intercurrent illness such as infection, inflammation during the previous 4 weeks. No treatment with medications such as antibiotics that may affect the blood counts during the previous 3 weeks. The steady state values may change with time. It is, therefore, advisable to determine them periodically every 2–3 years. Knowing the steady state values is extremely important in evaluating patients who present themselves with acute episodes. Comparing data during the acute event with the steady state values often reveals objective changes during crisis. Baseline values include clinical and lab data determined before the initiation of therapy or other interventions. They do not need to meet the requirement of steady state values. Occasionally, they could be the same as steady-state values especially in patients who have relatively mild disease with infrequent painful episodes. Baseline values are markers of the effect of an intended intervention whereas steady-state values are markers of the disease itself. Samir K. Ballas*, * Department of Medicine Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research Jefferson Medical College Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Maintenance Treatment of Insomnia: What Can We Learn From the Depression Literature?
Authors: Ripu D. Jindal, Daniel J. Buysse, Michael E. Thase
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

Insomnia and depression are common problems with profound public health consequences. When left untreated, both conditions have high rates of persistence and recurrence. Maintenance treatment for depression is fairly well established, but there is no evidence-based consensus regarding the safety and efficacy of maintenance therapy for insomnia. Consequently, long-term treatment of insomnia is driven primarily by the individual choices of patients and their clinicians. This article compares and contrasts the current state of research in the maintenance therapy of depression and insomnia and highlights gaps in the insomnia literature.
Chronic Recurrent Myocardial Ischemic Injury Is Significantly Attenuated by Pre-Emptive Adeno-Associated Virus Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene Delivery
Authors: Alok S. Pachori, Luis G. Melo, Lunan Zhang, Scott D. Solomon, Victor J. Dzau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Racial justice is long overdue
Authors: V. Lyfar-Cisse, V. Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2011)

We are very worried about the results of Humphrey and colleagues’ research paper.1 It is well known that black and minority ethnic (BME) doctors and those who have qualified overseas have a higher referral rate to the General Medical Council, have higher impact judgments, and are subjected to racial discrimination in the NHS. …
Novel function for blood platelets and podoplanin in developmental separation of blood and lymphatic circulation
Authors: Pavel Uhrin, Jan Zaujec, Johannes M. Breuss, Damla Olcaydu, Peter Chrenek, Hannes Stockinger, Elke Fuertbauer, Markus Moser, Paula Haiko, Reinhard Fässler, Kari Alitalo, Bernd R. Binder, Dontscho Kerjaschki
Journal: Blood (2010)
Absence of Cognitive Impairment at Long-Term Follow-Up in Adolescents Treated With ECT for Severe Mood Disorder
Authors: David Cohen, Olivier Taieb, Martine Flament, Nina Benoit, Sylvie Chevret, Maurice Corcos, Philippe Fossati, Philippe Jeammet, Jean-Franæ®©s Allilaire, Michel Basquin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

Cognitive functions of adolescents treated with ECT for mood disorder were evaluated at long-term follow-up.At an average of 3.5 years (SD=1.7) after the last ECT, 10 subjects treated during adolescence with bilateral ECT for severe mood disorder completed a clinical and cognitive evaluation, including the California Verbal Learning Test and Squire's Subjective Memory Questionnaire. The same assessments were given to 10 psychiatric comparison subjects matched for sex, age, and diagnosis.All cognitive test scores of the patients treated with ECT were similar to those of the comparison subjects and did not differ from norms from the community. Six of the 10 ECT-treated patients reported having had memory losses immediately after the ECT course, but only one complained of subjective memory impairment at follow-up.The results suggest that adolescents given ECT for severe mood disorder do not suffer measurable cognitive impairment at long-term follow-up.
Latent tuberculosis may persist for over 40 years
Authors: A. O'Regan, M. Joyce-Brady
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—The recurrence of tuberculous disease emphasises the failure of antimycobacterial treatment based on isoniazid to eradicate latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We present the follow up of a patient originally reported on in 1953 as a survivor of advanced tuberculous meningitis.1 The original case heralded the remarkable impact of isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculosis.

The genomes of M …
Toll-like receptor 2/6 stimulation promotes angiogenesis via GM-CSF as a potential strategy for immune defense and tissue regeneration
Authors: Karsten Grote, Harald Schuett, Gustavo Salguero, Christina Grothusen, Joanna Jagielska, Helmut Drexler, Peter F. Mühlradt, Bernhard Schieffer
Journal: Blood (2010)
Gene-environment interaction for childhood asthma and exposure to farming in Central Europe
Authors: Markus J. Ege, David P. Strachan, William O.C.M. Cookson, Miriam F. Moffatt, Ivo Gut, Mark Lathrop, Michael Kabesch, Jon Genuneit, Gisela Büchele, Barbara Sozanska, Andrzej Boznanski, Paul Cullinan, Elisabeth Horak, Christian Bieli, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Dick Heederik, Erika von Mutius
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
The expert system for toxicity prediction of chemicals based on structure-activity relationship.
Authors: M Nakadate, M Hayashi, T Sofuni, E Kamata, Y Aida, T Osada, T Ishibe, Y Sakamura, M Ishidate
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The prediction systems of chemical toxicity has been developed by means of structure-activity relationship based on the computerized fact database (BL-DB). Numbers and ratio of elements, side chains, bonding, position, and microenvironment of side chains were used as structural factors of the chemical for the prediction. Such information was obtained from the BL-DB database by Wiswesser line-formula chemical notation. In the present study, the Salmonella/microsome assay was chosen as indicative of the target toxicity of chemicals. A set of chemicals specified with mutagenicity data was retrieved, and necessary information was extracted and transferred to the working file. Rules of the relations between characteristics of chemical structure and the assay result are extracted as parameters for rules by experts on the rearranged data set. These were analyzed statistically by the discriminant analysis and the prediction with the rules were evaluated by the elimination method. Eight kinds of rules to predict Salmonella/microsome assay were constructed, and currently results of the assay on aliphatic and heterocyclic compounds can be predicted as accurately as +90%.
Evidence for receptor bound endothelin in renal but not in cardiac tissues from normal rats
Authors: E Ferrari
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objectives: The stoichiometric binding model (Frelin C, Guedin D. Cardiovasc Res 1994;28:1613–1622) implies that most endothelin in tissues is bound onto receptors rather than in a free state. The objective of this study was to assay receptor bound endothelins in normal rat tissues. Methods: We first defined acidic conditions that promoted a mild and reversible denaturation of ETA and ETB receptors and that allowed dissociation of bound [125I]endothelin-1. The action of an acid wash on [125I]endothelin-1 binding to cell or tissue homogenates was then investigated. Results: Acid washing of homogenates prepared from rat brain capillary endothelial cells that express prepro endothelin-1 mRNAs unmasked receptor sites. Acid washing of cardiac, lung, brain or liver homogenates did not increase [125I]endothelin-1 binding. An acid wash of kidney homogenates increased 2.2 fold [125I]endothelin-1 binding. Experiments using BQ-123 further indicated that the acid treatment of renal homogenates mainly unmasked ETA receptors. Masked renal ET receptors were mainly localized in the medulla. Treatment of rats with phosphoramidon decreased the density of masked ET receptors in kidney homogenates. Conclusion: As much as 50% of endothelin receptors in renal tissues are masked by endogenous endothelins. Most cardiac receptors are free of bound endothelins. These suggest that endothelins act as local rather than systemic mediators.
Does Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising Do More Harm Than Good?
Authors: Steven Woloshin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters1 December 2009Does Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising Do More Harm Than Good?Steven Woloshin, MD, MS and Lisa M. Schwartz, MD, MSSteven Woloshin, MD, MSFrom Veterans Affairs Outcomes Group, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009.Search for more papers by this author and Lisa M. Schwartz, MD, MSFrom Veterans Affairs Outcomes Group, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We share Dr. Vitry's concerns about DTCA of prescription drugs: It can generate exaggerated beliefs about drug efficacy and encourage the medicalization of ordinary experiences. The drug facts box directly addresses these concerns by providing balanced data about drug efficacy and harms, and by including a section called “Other things to consider doing,” highlights nondrug treatment options. The Amcid box, for example, suggests dietary changes, such as eating smaller meals or avoiding alcohol before bedtime. Our findings demonstrated that the drug facts box approach worked, even in the presence of advertising images. Enthusiasm for Amcid was much lower ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Veterans Affairs Outcomes Group, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUsing a Drug Facts Box to Communicate Drug Benefits and Harms Two Randomized Trials Lisa M. Schwartz , Steven Woloshin , and H. Gilbert Welch Does Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising Do More Harm Than Good? Agnes I. Vitry Metrics 1 December 2009Volume 151, Issue 11Page: 824KeywordsDecision makingDrug administrationDrug informationDrug regulationDrugsEatingLibrariesMedicare ePublished: 1 December 2009 Issue Published: 1 December 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Why clinicians are natural bayesians: Authors' reply
Authors: Christopher J Gill, Lora Sabin, Christopher H Schmid
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Right to die" Legal view of right to life and death could threaten philosophy of palliative careEditor-Grayling claims that the "right to life" means quite a rich life; withholding treatment with death as the result and giving treatment that causes death are indistinguishable; and death is the ultimate analgesic. 1 Grayling also implies that the double effect is widely abused.The EC Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms protects against intentional deprivation of life. 2 Quality of life is not mentioned, and terminating a life at a person's request is clearly not permitted."Right to life" is perhaps a "right not to be killed," in medicine, generally relating to survival and not assisted death.However, some interpret it as giving patients a right to cardiopulmonary resuscitation regardless of the clinical circumstances 3 ; extrapolation to all potential interventions at the life-death interface could have disastrous consequences for the medical profession.Patients obviously can wish for their life to be terminated without needing to explain why, and they arguably have a right to attempt suicide.However, a right to assisted dying equates to a right that somebody else will kill or help to kill them on request-very different from withholding treatment or the double effect.Withholding treatment relates to interventions unable to produce the desired benefit. 4 In palliative care withholding treatment does not directly cause death that arises from an irreversible and unsustainable pathological burden.And death without adequate analgesia is possibly the ultimate pain for everyone.Judicious use of analgesia is an essential part of good terminal care, and, in 15 years as a doctor, I have yet to see a death attributable to deliberate analgesic overdose by a doctor.Palliative care affirms life until the moment of death, regarding death from advanced incurable disease as a natural process. 5 It aims to relieve pain and other distressing symptoms, enhance remaining quality of life, and neither hasten nor postpone death.These human "death rights" should perhaps be protected by legislation.Ill-conceived legislative changes that take the right to life or the right to death beyond sensible limits or give certain doctors the right to kill on request could jeopardise palliative care.