tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of eyes. Eyelid and lacrimal disorders.
Authors: A. R. Elkington, P. T. Khaw
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Lumps on the lid ImportanceThe commonest lump found on the eyelid is a chalazion, but the accurate * May need disfiguring operations if left diagnosis of a lid lump is important because the lump: * May be life threatening 0 May necessitate a disfiguring operation if not treated early-basal cell * May be the cause of visual disturbance carcinoma * May cause blindnessinchildren May be life threateninga deep invading basal cell carcinoma * May indicate systemic disease Mp * May be the cause of visual disturbance-a chalazion pressing on the cornea and causing astigmatism * May indicate systemic disease-xanthelasmas in a patient with hyperlipidaemia 0 May cause amblyopia if it obstructs vision in a young child._=,_; < :. - ;; Chalazion A chalazion (meibomian cyst) is a granuloma of the lipid secreting meibomian glands that lie in the lid.It is probably the result ofa blocked duct with local reaction to the accumulation of lipid.The patient may initially complain of a lump in the lid that is hard and inflamed.This settles and the patient is left with a discrete lump in the lid that may give rise to astigmatism and consequent blurring ofvision.Clinically there is a hard Chalazion.lump in the lid, which is clearly visible when the lid is everted.
Cross-reactions among furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and sulfonamides
Authors: T. J. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of a phaeochromocytoma of the urinary bladder with nifedipine.
Authors: J W Lenders, H E Sluiter, T Thien, J Willemsen
Journal: BMJ (1985)

We subsequently studied according to the same protocol 13 hypertensive patients taking bendrofluazide 5 mg daily.Symptomatic hypotension occurred after enalapril in three of them.We were unable to differentiate the hypo- tensive effects of single oral doses of 10 and 20 mg enalapril.1 Hodsman GP, Isles CG, Murray GD, Usherwood TP, Webb DJ, Robertson JIS.Factors related to first dose hypotensive effect of captopril: prediction and treat- ment.
How does the attentional pointer work in prefrontal cortex?
Authors: Naoyuki Osaka
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The current model, based on event-related potential (ERP) studies, posits that the working-memory system is a state of activated long-term memory; this appears comprehensive, but it needs further detailed analysis of functional neural connectivity analysis within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and between the posterior and prefrontal cortex. Specifically, the role of dorsolateral PFC and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is probably critical for PFC's attentional controller. Neural implementation of the executive function in working memory appears critical to build a firm model.
Meconium Granulomas or Vernix-lnduced Peritonitis-Reply
Authors: Ira S. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  We are grateful to Dr Freedman and associates for calling attention to two additional cases of vernix-induced peritonitis that they described in 1982, using the term meconium granuloma. The latter designation, which was apparently not encompassed in our literature search, refers to the maternal peritoneal reaction following exposure to fetal intestinal secretions, including amniotic fluid contents. Both of the patients reported by Freedman et al experienced granulomatous peritonitis as a sequela to spillage of amniotic fluid at cesarean section. This is the same mechanism documented by Krumerman and Pouliot in 1976. 1 Ironically, Dr Freedman and his co-workers did not cite that report which preceded theirs by six years. In any case, the vernix- (or meconium-) induced peritonitis in our patient differs from the others, having occurred in relation to long-standing premature rupture of the membranes rather than as a result of direct contamination at delivery.
How to Avoid Running With Escherichia coli
Authors: Sherwood L. Gorbach
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Traveler's diarrhea is a cosmopolitan illness, afflicting tourists in many developing countries. The disease has been most intensively studied in Mexico, principally because there is a huge volume of US visitors to Mexico, approximately 3 million per year, and the local authorities have been generous in allowing foreign scientists to investigate the problem in their country. Although the disease is known as "<i>turista</i>" and "Montezuma's revenge," it should be realized that traveler's diarrhea is at least as common, if not more so in certain Mediterranean countries and in parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Travelers to the Soviet Union are apt to acquire diarrheal disease, often caused by<i>Giardia lamblia</i>, ruefully known among its victims as the "Trotsky's." The major causative agents in traveler's diarrhea in Mexico and other countries are enterotoxin-producing strains of a common intestinal bacterium,<i>Escherichia coli</i>.<sup>1,2</sup>Based on statistics from Mexico, it seems
Familial Gastroesophageal Reflux and Development of Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: David W. Crabb, Michael A. Berk, Thomas R. Hall, P. M. Conneally, Angenieta A. Biegel, Glen A. Lehman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The family of an elderly man with Barrett's esophagus was examined for gastroesophageal reflux and development of Barrett's esophagus. All five living children have gastroesophageal reflux or esophagitis, or both, and three have unequivocal Barrett's esophagus. Two third-generation descendents have gastroesophageal reflux. This pattern suggests autosomal dominant transmission of the gastroesophageal reflux trait. The family also has a high prevalence of cancer, which may represent the cancer family syndrome.
Levels, models, and brain activities: Neurodynamics is pluralistic
Authors: Péter Érdi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Some dichotomies related to modeling electrocortical activities are analyzed. Attractor neural networks versus biologically motivated models, near-equilibrium versus nonequilibrium processes, linear and nonlinear dynamics, stochastic and chaotic patterns, local and global scale simulation of cortical activities are discussed.
Generation and molecular characterisation of monoclonal IgG4 rheumatoid factor from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M. Hakoda, N. Kamatani, A. Taniguchi, H. Ueda, H. Yamanaka, C. Terai, S. Kashiwazaki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

To characterise IgG4 rheumatoid factor (RF) at the molecular level from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.B cells were cloned from the peripheral blood of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, using EB virus transformation. The supernatants of the clones were screened for IgG RF activity by ELISA. Nucleotide sequences of the expressed immunoglobulin heavy and light chain genes of one IgG RF producing clone were determined by direct sequencing of the products of a polymerase chain reaction.One clone producing monospecific IgG4 RF was obtained. Sequence analysis of the heavy and light chain genes suggested the accumulation of somatic mutations resulting in amino acid replacement in complementarity determining regions.The results may suggest an antigen driven response in the generation of IgG4 RF in rheumatoid arthritis disease processes.
Isolation of Germ Cells from Leukemia and Lymphoma Cells in a Human <i>In vitro</i> Model: Potential Clinical Application for Restoring Human Fertility after Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Kazutoshi Fujita, Akira Tsujimura, Yasushi Miyagawa, Hiroshi Kiuchi, Yasuhiro Matsuoka, Tetsuya Takao, Shingo Takada, Norio Nonomura, Akihiko Okuyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

More than 70% of patients survive childhood cancer, but chemotherapy and radiation therapy may cause irreversible impairment of spermatogenesis. To treat infertility secondary to anticancer treatment for childhood cancer, we have developed a procedure to isolate germ cells from leukemic mice by fluorescence-activated cell sorting with two surface markers, and transplantation of isolated germ cells successfully restored fertility without inducing leukemia. In the present study, we analyzed human germ cells and human malignant cells, including five leukemia cell lines and three lymphoma cell lines, by fluorescence-activated cell sorting with antibodies against MHC class I and CD45. Testicular specimens were obtained from a patient who underwent surgery for testicular rupture. In the high forward scatter and low side scatter region, no malignant cells were found in the MHC class I-negative and CD45-negative fraction (the germ cell fraction), with the exception of K562 cells. A total of 39.2% of the germ cells were found in the germ cell fraction. A total of 1.45% of K562 cells were found in the germ cell fraction. Treatment with IFNgamma induced the expression of MHC class I on K562 cells but not on germ cells and made it possible to isolate germ cells from K562 cells. In conclusion, we isolated human germ cells from malignant cells with two surface markers after treatment with IFNgamma. Immunophenotyping for each patient will be necessary before isolation and induction of surface marker will be clinically applicable.
Electrophysiologic effects of disopyramide phosphate on sinus node function in patients with sinus node dysfunction.
Authors: A LaBarre, H C Strauss, M M Scheinman, G T Evans, T Bashore, J S Tiedeman, A G Wallace
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The electrophysiologic effects of intravenously administered disopyramide (2 mg/kg) on three parameters of sinus node function were examined in 16 symptomatic patients with sinus node dysfunction. Based on their ECG data before study, patients were subdivided into group A (n = 8), those with sinus pauses and/or sinoatrial (SA) exit block; and group B (n = 8), those with sinus bradycardia. Disopyramide shortened spontaneous cycle length in 10 of 16 patients and lengthened it in six--markedly so (91%) in one patient. Estimated SA conduction time decreased in seven of 14 patients and increased in seven. Two patients developed second degree SA exit block after disopyramide. Maximum sinus node recovery time was prolonged by disopyramide in 11 of 16 patients and markedly so in four. For the group as a whole there was no significant difference in spontaneous cycle length, maximum sinus node recovery time or estimated SA conduction time. P-wave and QRS durations and H-V intervals were significantly lengthened by disopyramide. Marked depression of the three parameters of sinus node function occurred in three group A patients and in one group B patient who had persistent severe sinus bradycardia. These four patients also had secondary pauses after termination of rapid atrial pacing under control conditions. Disopyramide should be administered cautiously to patients with sinus node dysfunction, particularly those with sinus pauses, SA exit block or secondary pauses.
Enumeration of Paneth cells in coeliac disease: comparison of conventional light microscopy and immunofluorescence staining for lysozyme.
Authors: H Scott, P Brandtzaeg
Journal: Gut (1981)

By conventional light microscopy, a reduced number of Paneth cells per intestinal crypt was found in the jejunal mucosa of patients with untreated or gluten-challenged coeliac disease as compared with histologically normal control specimens. A much better detection sensitivity was obtained when Paneth cells were counted by fluorescence microscopy after immunostaining for lysozyme with a rhodamine-labelled rabbit IgG conjugate. This method showed that there was no numerical reduction of Paneth cells in coeliac disease, but that the proportion of cells with a low lysozyme content was increased. Most of these cells were probably missed by conventional microscopy in which identification of Paneth cells is principally based on a substantial cellular complement of acidophilic granules. A reduced number of lysozyme-containing granules in coeliac disease may reflect increased discharge enhanced secretory activity, or a raised turnover of the Paneth cells.
Cimetidine and Antacids
Authors: DAVID H. FRANKEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1983Cimetidine and AntacidsDAVID H. FRANKEL, M.D., MICHAEL O. BLACKSTONE, M.D.DAVID H. FRANKEL, M.D., MICHAEL O. BLACKSTONE, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-3-412_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In his review of the clinical uses of cimetidine (1), Freston concludes that although "evidence that cimetidine is effective in controlling established bleeding is lacking . . . it seems reasonable to use combination therapy in preventing rebleeding . . . [especially] . . . if the bleeding is due to peptic ulcer disease." We believe, however, that the evidence supporting the combined use of antacids plus cimetidine to prevent rebleeding in peptic ulcer disease is also lacking or, at best, questionable.Freston bases his conclusion on a multicenter study of 557 patients in whom the combination...References1. FRESTON J. Cimetidine: I. Developments, pharmacology, and efficacy. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:573-80. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WELCH R, DOUGLAS A, and COHEN S. Effect of cimetidine on upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage [Abstract]. Gastroenterology. 1981;80:1313. Google Scholar3. STOREY D, BROWN S, and SWAIN C. Endoscopic prediction of recurrent bleeding in peptic ulcers. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:915-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. LABROOY S, MISIEWICA J, and EDWARDS J. Controlled trial of cimetidine in upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Gut. 1979;20:892-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. WALT R, MALE P, and RAWLINGS J. Comparison of the effects of ranitidine, cimetidine and placebo on the 24 hour intragastric acidity and nocturnal acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer. Gut. 1981;22:49-54. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. DAWSON J and COCKEL R. Ranitidine in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Br Med J. 1982;285:476-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID H. FRANKEL, M.D.; MICHAEL O. BLACKSTONE, M.D.Affiliations: Pritzker School of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1983Volume 98, Issue 3Page: 412-413KeywordsHemorrhagePeptic ulcers ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Differential expression and release of cd54 induced by cytokines*1
Authors: J MICKELSON
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) is upregulated in many cell types stimulated by cytokines. A human hepatoblastoma cell line (C3A, a subclone of HepG2/C3 that is currently being used as a surrogate liver) and human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) were stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interferon-γ (IFNγ), or IL-6 to determine any differences in cell type responsiveness to individual cytokines for ICAM-1 upregulation. Time courses were performed with each cytokine evaluating ICAM-1 mRNA, surface expression, and cICAM-1 in the cell culture media. Between 3 and 6 hours, IL-1β (30 U/mL) stimulated the greatest increase in hepatocyte ICAM-1 mRNA, followed by IFNγ (100 U/mL), TNFα (30 U/mL), and IL-6 (100 U/mL) in order of potency. Except for IL6, cytokine-induced hepatocyte surface levels of ICAM1 (immunofluorescence flow cytometry, mAb R6.5) were dose dependent, with inhibition at higher concentration. Highest levels followed stimulation with IFNγ (P < .05). Significantly less was found after both IL-1β and TNFa; none was detected after IL-6 (P < .05). In contrast, IL-1β stimulated significantly more cICAM-1 release from hepatocytes than the other cytokines (P < .001), and IL-6 stimulated modest cICAM-1. Between 3 and 6 hours in the A549 cells, IL-1β stimulated the greatest increase in ICAM-1 mRNA, followed by TNFα. Both responses were greater than that observed in the hepatocytes. IFNγ- and IL-6-induced ICAM-1 mRNA synthesis was not different from unstimulated A549 cells. Cytokine-induced A549 surface levels of ICAM-1 (immunofluorescence flow cytometry, mAb R6.5) was highest for IL-1β (peak levels similar to hepatocyte response), modest with TNFα (peak levels less than hepatocytes), detectable with IFNγ (much less than hepatocytes), and nondetectable after IL-6. No cICAM-1 release from A549 cells was induced under any condition. In hepatocytes the amount of ICAM-1 mRNA was best accounted for by considering both cell surface levels of ICAM-1 and cICAM1 levels. In human lung adenocarcinoma cells, the cytokine induction of ICAM-1 mRNA could potentially be accounted for by observing cell surface levels of ICAM1 because no cICAM-1 was produced. These results suggest that surface ICAM-1 and cICAM-1 may be differentially controlled by each cytokine and by each parenchymal cell type.
Implications of an Aging Registered Nurse Workforce
Authors: Peter I. Buerhaus
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextThe average age of registered nurses (RNs), the largest group of health care professionals in the United States, increased substantially from 1983 to 1998.No empirically based analysis of the causes and implications of this aging workforce exists.Objectives To identify and assess key sources of changes in the age distribution and total supply of RNs and to project the future age distribution and total RN workforce up to the year 2020. Design and SettingRetrospective cohort analysis of employment trends of recent RN cohorts over their lifetimes based on US Bureau of the Census Current Population Surveys between 1973 and 1998.Recent workforce trends were used to forecast longterm age and employment of RNs.Participants Employed RNs aged 23 to 64 years (N = 60 386).Main Outcome Measures Annual full-time equivalent employment of RNs in total and by single year of age.
Imaging techniques in treatment algorithms of pulmonary embolism
Authors: M. Pistolesi, M. Miniati
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is more often diagnosed post mortem by pathologists than in vivo by clinicians. The identification of practical diagnostic algorithms could reduce the rate of diagnoses first made at autopsy. The literature was reviewed for evidence-based approaches to PE diagnosis. Since the PE mortality rate greatly exceeds that of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), more emphasis was given to reports specifically dealing with PE diagnosis by objective pulmonary vascular imaging techniques than to those aimed at DVT detection. Several studies have shown that standardized clinical estimates can be effectively used to give a pretest probability to calculate, after appropriate objective testing, the post-test probability of PE. A prospective trial has shown that perfusion scanning, rather than ventilation/perfusion scanning, should be the imaging technique of first choice for the management of patients suspected of having PE. The clinical usefulness of spiral computed tomography has not as yet been firmly established. However, ongoing technological developments would probably render the technique accurate enough to replace conventional angiography. The authors propose a noninvasive diagnostic algorithm with high predictive accuracy (positive predictive value 96%; negative predictive value 98%) starting with a standardized assessment of clinical likelihood, followed by a perfusion scan and, eventually, spiral computed tomography in only a minority of patients (&lt;20%) with discordant clinical and scintigraphic findings.
Testing Ironclad Practices
Authors: William H. Crosby
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —In 40 years of practice as a consultant hematologist, I have encountered, not infrequently, patients with transfusion-dependent anemia who have received therapeutic iron at the same time. It is widely known by physicians that a unit of blood contains in its hemoglobin 200 to 300 mg of iron. Transfusion-dependent patients get transfusion siderosis and often show evidence of iron storage disease. Such double-dosing physicians have, in my experience, included a board-certified hematologist and the head of a department of internal medicine in a school of medicine. Despite such authoritative examples, who would venture that the folly of this practice requires substantiation?  An Editorial was recently published in JAMA that praised a clinical investigation of therapeutic iron for anemic, ironreplete patients. 1 The Editorial pointed out that much medical skill is learned by precept, but so is much medical stupidity. Unfortunately, we cannot know in advance which facts
Pressor Effect of Hypertonic Saline on Pulmonary Circulation
Authors: HERBERT J. SEMLER, JOHN T. SHEPHERD, H. J. C. SWAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

It has been suggested that the pressor effect of hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride on the Pulmonary circulation results from spasm of the pulmonary veins at their junction with the left atrium. These studies demonstrate that the increased resistance in the pulmonary vessels develops upstream to this site and that it may result primarily from mechanical blockage of vessels by clumped erythrocytes rather than from vasoconstriction.
Generic medicines could rescue EU governments' spending
Authors: Jane Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Government spending on medicines could be slashed in many European countries if the 10 most commonly prescribed medicines were replaced by generic medicines, says a study by the Katholieke University of Leuven in Belgium.

The study analysed the policy environment surrounding the retail market of generic medicines in 11 European Union countries and concluded that replacing just the 10 most frequently used, branded original medicines with generic products could result in a reduction of governments' drug expenditure by between 27% and 48% …