tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Clinical and Administrative Data Sources for Hospital Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Report Cards
Authors: David M. Shahian, Treacy Silverstein, Ann F. Lovett, Robert E. Wolf, Sharon-Lise T. Normand
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Regardless of statistical methodology, public performance report cards must use the highest-quality validated data, preferably from a prospectively maintained clinical database. Using logistic regression and hierarchical models, we compared hospital cardiac surgery profiling results based on clinical data with those derived from contemporaneous administrative data. Methods and Results— Fiscal year 2003 isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery results based on an audited and validated Massachusetts clinical registry were compared with those derived from a contemporaneous state administrative database, the latter using the inclusion/exclusion criteria and risk model of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. There was a 27.4% disparity in isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery volume (4440 clinical, 5657 administrative), a 0.83% difference in observed in-hospital mortality (2.05% versus 2.88%), corresponding differences in risk-adjusted mortality calculated by various statistical methodologies, and 1 hospital classified as an outlier only with the administrative data–based approach. The discrepancies in volumes and risk-adjusted mortality were most notable for higher-volume programs that presumably perform a higher proportion of combined procedures that were misclassified as isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in the administrative cohort. Subsequent analyses of a patient cohort common to both databases revealed the smoothing effect of hierarchical models, a 9% relative difference in mortality (2.21% versus 2.03%) resulting from nonstandardized mortality end points, and 1 hospital classified as an outlier using logistic regression but not using hierarchical regression. Conclusions— Cardiac surgery report cards using administrative data are problematic compared with those derived from audited and validated clinical data, primarily because of case misclassification and nonstandardized end points.
The Double-Stranded RNA-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates Radiation Resistance in Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts through Nuclear Factor κB and Akt Activation
Authors: Urs von Holzen, Abujiang Pataer, Uma Raju, Dora Bocangel, Stephan A. Vorburger, Yanna Liu, Xiaolin Lu, Jack A. Roth, Bharat B. Aggarwal, Glen N. Barber, Khandan Keyomarsi, Kelly K. Hunt, Stephen G. Swisher
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Activation of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) leads to the induction of various pathways including the down-regulation of translation through phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF-2alpha). There have been no reports to date about the role of PKR in radiation sensitivity.A clonogenic survival assay was used to investigate the sensitivity of PKR mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) to radiation therapy. 2-Aminopurine (2-AP), a chemical inhibitor of PKR, was used to inhibit PKR activation. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Expression of PKR and downstream targets was examined by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence.Ionizing radiation leads to dose- and time-dependent increases in PKR expression and function that contributes to increased cellular radiation resistance as shown by clonogenic survival and terminal nucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis assays. Specific inhibition of PKR with the chemical inhibitor 2-AP restores radiation sensitivity. Plasmid transfection of the PKR wild-type (wt) gene into PKR(-/-) MEFs leads to increased radiation resistance. The protective effect of PKR to radiation may be mediated in part through NF-kappaB and Akt because both NF-kappaB and Akt are activated after ionizing radiation in PKR+/+ but not PKR-/- cells.We suggest a novel role for PKR as a mediator of radiation resistance modulated in part through the protective effects of NF-kappaB and Akt activation. The modification of PKR activity may be a novel strategy in the future to overcome radiation resistance.
Choice of management strategy for colorectal cancer based on a diagnostic immunohistochemical test for defective mismatch repair
Authors: L Cawkwell, S Gray, H Murgatroyd, F Sutherland, L Haine, M Longfellow, S O’Loughlin, D Cross, O Kronborg, C Fenger, N Mapstone, M Dixon, P Quirke
Journal: Gut (1999)

BACKGROUND Despite intensive research into the molecular abnormalities associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), no diagnostic tests have emerged which usefully complement standard histopathological assessments. AIMS To assess the feasibility of using immunohistochemistry to detect replication error (RER) positive CRCs and determine the incidence of RER positivity within distinct patient subgroups. METHODS 502 CRCs were analysed for RER positivity (at least two markers affected) and/or expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1. RESULTS There were 15/30 (50%) patients with metachronous CRCs, 16/51 (31%) with synchronous CRCs, 14/45 (31%) with a proximal colon carcinoma, and 4/23 (17%) who developed a CRC under the age of 50 showed RER positivity. However, 0/54 patients who developed a solitary carcinoma of the rectum/left colon over the age of 50 showed RER positivity. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that 66/66 (100%) RER positive carcinomas were associated with complete lack of expression of either hMSH2 or hMLH1. This correlation was confirmed using a further 101 proximal colon carcinomas. Patients with a mismatch repair defective carcinoma showed improved survival but a 5.54 times relative risk of developing a metachronous CRC. A prospective immunohistochemical study revealed 13/117 (11%) patients had a mismatch repair defective carcinoma. A fivefold excess of hMLH1 defective cases was noted. CONCLUSIONS All RER positive carcinomas were identified by the immunohistochemical test. This is the first simple laboratory test which can be performed routinely on all CRCs. It will provide a method for selecting patients who should be investigated for HNPCC, offered long term follow up, and who may not respond to standard chemotherapy regimens.
Terminations of pregnancy, not unplanned deliveries, increased as result of pill scare
Authors: T J Child, I Z Mackenzie, M Rees
Journal: BMJ (1996)

one when she can legally terminate the entire pregnancy.There are, however, grounds for caution if there is a lasting effect on the surviving twin.Through the Lone Twin Network, the Multiple Births Foundation meets a large number of adults whose twin died at or before birth and who feel the loss profoundly.How far this self selected group is representative is not known.Research on the long term psychological sequelae, including their prevalence and relative seriousness, is therefore badly needed.
PBOND: Web Server for the Prediction of Proline and Non-Proline <i>cis</i>/<i>trans</i> Isomerization
Authors: Konstantinos P. Exarchos, Themis P. Exarchos, Costas Papaloukas, Anastassios N. Troganis, Dimitrios I. Fotiadis
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2009)

PBOND is a web server that predicts the conformation of the peptide bond between any two amino acids. PBOND classifies the peptide bonds into one out of four classes, namely cis imide (cis-Pro), cis amide (cis-nonPro), trans imide (trans-Pro) and trans amide (trans-nonPro). Moreover, for every prediction a reliability index is computed. The underlying structure of the server consists of three stages: (1) feature extraction, (2) feature selection and (3) peptide bond classification. PBOND can handle both single sequences as well as multiple sequences for batch processing. The predictions can either be directly downloaded from the web site or returned via e-mail. The PBOND web server is freely available at http://195.251.198.21/pbond.html.
USEFULNESS OF THE PHASE ANALYSIS TO DIFFERENTIATE ISCHEMIC AND NON-ISCHEMIC ETIOLOGIES OF SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Yuko Igarashi, Taishiro Chikamori, Satoshi Hida, Hirokazu Tanaka, Chie Shiba, Yasuhiro Usui, Akira Yamashina
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Adding a panel manager to EMR reminders improved some preventive care processes
Authors: Lionel S. Lim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club17 January 2012Adding a panel manager to EMR reminders improved some preventive care processesLionel S. Lim, MD, MPH, FACP, FACPMLionel S. Lim, MD, MPH, FACP, FACPMGriffin Hospital, Derby, Connecticut, USA (L.S.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-02012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationLoo TS, Davis RB, Lipsitz LA, et al. Electronic medical record reminders and panel management to improve primary care of elderly patients. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171:1552-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21949163Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Geriatrics: References1 McBride CM, Rimer BK. Using the telephone to improve health behavior and health service delivery. Patient Educ Couns. 1999;37:3-18. [PMID: 10640115] Google Scholar2 Dale J, Caramlau IO, Lindenmeyer A, Williams SM. Peer support telephone calls for improving health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008:CD006903. [PMID: 18843736] Google Scholar3 Chen EH, Bodenheimer T. Improving population health through team-based panel management: comment on “Electronic medical record reminders and panel management to improve primary care of elderly patients.” Arch Intern Med. 2011;171:1558-9. [PMID: 21949164] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Griffin Hospital, Derby, Connecticut, USA (L.S.L.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 January 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byProactieve en gestructureerde zorg voor kwetsbare oudere patiënten in de eerstelijn: Achtergrond, opzet en uitvoering van een screenings- en zorgprogramma 17 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 2Page: JC1-12KeywordsBehaviorBone densityElderlyElectronic medical recordsHealth careHealth screeningOsteoporosisPatientsPreventive medicine ePublished: 17 January 2012 Issue Published: 17 January 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sexual Inequality in Tuberculosis
Authors: Olivier Neyrolles, Lluis Quintana-Murci
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

N In most countries, tuberculosis (TB) notification is twice as high in men as in women.N Although there is clear evidence that socioeconomic and cultural factors leading to barriers in accessing health care may cause undernotification in women, particularly in developing countries, biological mechanisms may actually account for a significant part of this difference between male and female susceptibility to TB.N The role of biological gender has been determined in a number of infectious and noninfectious diseases.However, there is an absence of information on the role of biological gender in TB.N Thus, investigations should be conducted to clearly understand the role of sexual hormones, sex-related genetic background and genetic regulations, and metabolism, among other factors, in susceptibility differences between men and women.N This research may help not only to fully understand the obviously biased gender distribution among TB cases, but also to better adapt future intervention strategies at the community level.In this review, we expand on the various issues relating to TB notification and gender bias.
Small Subcutaneous Doses of Heparin in Prevention of Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Alexander S. Gallus, Jack Hirsh, Robert J. Tuttle, Robert Trebilcock, Stephen E. O'Brien, Joseph J. Carroll, Joseph H. Minden, Stanley M. Hudecki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The effect of 5000 U of heparin given subcutaneously three times daily on the frequency of venous thrombosis detected by 125-I-fibrinogen scanning was evaluated in a prospective randomized study of 350 high-risk surgical and medical patients. Heparin treatment reduced the rate of venous thrombosis from 19 of 118 patients (16.1 per cent) to two of 108 (1.9 per cent) treated after elective surgery, from 11 of 23 untreated (48 per cent) to three of 23 (13 per cent) treated after hip fracture, and from nine of 40 (22.5 per cent) to one of 38 (2.6 per cent) treated patients admitted to the hospital for suspected myocardial infarction. Thrombosis occurred in 21.5 per cent of the total of 181 untreated and in 3.6 per cent of 169 heparin-treated patients. The activated partial thromboplastin time was moderately increased for five hours after subcutaneous heparin injections. Clinically important bleeding was not increased in heparin-treated surgical patients, though the blood requirement of transfused patients was moderately augmented, and treated patients had a slightly lower postoperative hematocrit.
Gastric antral vascular ectasia: a prospective study of treatment with endoscopic band ligation
Authors: Sergio Zepeda-Gómez, Richard Sultanian, Christopher Teshima, Gurpal Sandha, Sander Van Zanten, Aldo Montano-Loza
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is characterized by red, angiomatous lesions in the antrum organized either in stripes or in a diffuse pattern that can be associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) has been reported as an effective alternative therapy for patients with GAVE. Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of GAVE were prospectively followed while undergoing EBL every 2 months. Hemoglobin, ferritin, and iron levels were frequently recorded, and clinical follow-up was performed. A total of 21 patients with GAVE were enrolled, and 17 of these patients (81 %) had associated co-morbidities, most frequently cirrhosis and chronic renal failure. A clinical response was achieved in 19 patients (91 %). A significant improvement in the mean hemoglobin level was noted after EBL (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and a significant decrease in blood transfusion requirements per month (<i>P</i> = 0.001). No major complications were observed during the study period. The mean follow-up was 10 months. EBL is an effective and safe treatment for GAVE. Randomized, controlled trials comparing EBL with other endoscopic therapies are warranted.
Painful Mass in the Thigh
Authors: George F. Zinninger
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Dr. Thomas E. Shea: An 18-year-old girl was admitted because of pain in her thigh. She had been well until six months previously when she noted localized tenderness in the posterior aspect of her thigh. Two months before admission, she noted pain in the same area, which became more severe and persistent. Two weeks prior to admission she noted a mass in the thigh. Physical examination revealed a 15-cm soft-tissue mass in the posterolateral aspect of the thigh, which was tender but not fluctuant. <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Laurence L. Robbins: Dr. Hanelin, would you comment on this? Dr. Joseph Hanelin: There is a large soft-tissue mass and possibly some edema in the soft tissues (Fig 1), which indicates the presence of a deeply situated neoplasm or, less likely, an inflammatory process. There is no calcification within the tumor. There is a localized irregularity and destruction of a short segment of the
Focal Liver Defect Caused by Hydatid Cyst in the Lung
Authors: DAVID GROSHAR, JACQUELINE JERUSALMI, SARA GIPS, MENAHEM LAM, ORA ISRAEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Extrahepatic lesions in adjacent organs may cause a focal defect on the liver scan. In the superior border, pleural effusion, emphysema, lung abscess, lung tumor, subphrenic abscess, enlarged heart, and pericardial effusion have been reported as simulating a focal hepatic lesion. A case of hydatid cyst in the lung simulating hepatic lesion on liver scan is presented.
Genetic control of the immune response to staphylococcal nuclease. VIII. Mapping of genes for antibodies to different antigenic regions of nuclease.
Authors: D S Pisetsky, D H Sachs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Antibodies to staphylococcal nuclease have been fractionated into two populations on the basis of their ability to bind to the cyanogen bromide cleavage product of nuclease comprising the C-terminal portion of the molecule from the 99th to the 149th amino acid. The two populations of antibodies, anti-nuclease (1-99)n and anti-nuclease (99-149)N, have been prepared from a variety of strains, and analyzed using anti-idiotypic antisera raised against whole anti-nuclease antibodies from strains A/J, SJL, BALB/c, and B10.A(2R). Anti-nuclease (1-99)n, antibodies had the same pattern of reactivity with the anti-idiotypic antisera as did unfractionated antibodies, whereas a different pattern was found for anti-nuclease (99-149)n preparations. On the basis of these studies, five anti-nuclease idiotypes, designated NASE markers, have been identified and defined on the basis of their antigenic specificity and strain distribution. With these additional markers, it has been possible to provide more detailed maps of variable (V) region genes in the strains BALB/c, CB.20, and the recombinant BAB.14. A recombinational event between V region genes during the development of the BAB.14 strain is suggested by the positioning of these NASE markers.
Antenatal screening by measurement of symphysis-fundus height.
Authors: J P Calvert, E E Crean, R G Newcombe, J F Pearson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A study was undertaken to assess the value of symphysis-fundus measurement as a screening procedure for intrauterine growth retardation. The reproducibility of this measurement was investigated in two groups of six patients, each measured six times by six different observers. The intraobserver coefficient of variation was 4.6% and the interobserver coefficient of variation 6.4%. There was no evidence that experience aided consistency. A chart of symphysis-fundus measurements derived from Cardiff data was found to be similar to others previously published, and one measurement below the 10th centile identified 64% of pregnancies in which the eventual birth weight was below the 10th centile for gestational age. Symphysis-fundus measurement is a useful screening test; one chart could be used for any Caucasian population and should be incorporated into the maternity services "co-operation card."
Biology and pathobiology of gap junctional channels in hepatocytes
Authors: Mathieu Vinken, Tom Henkens, Evelien De Rop, Joanna Fraczek, Tamara Vanhaecke, Vera Rogiers
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The present review provides the state of the art of the current knowledge concerning gap junctional channels and their roles in liver functioning. In the first part, we summarize some relevant biochemical properties of hepatic gap junctional channels, including their structure and regulation. In the second part, we discuss the involvement of gap junctional channels in the occurrence of liver cell growth, liver cell differentiation, and liver cell death. We further exemplify their relevance in hepatic pathophysiology. Finally, a number of directions for future liver gap junctional channel research are proposed, and the up-regulation of gap junctional channel activity as a novel strategy in (liver) cancer therapy is illustrated.
CERTAIN ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES CONDUCIVE TO HEALTH
Authors: J. A. Hingeston
Journal: BMJ (1854)

mupeinsbledin to havebeen already pme- Befre coneluding this part of 'tke subects I ma be ifow,ed to observe that I have no doubt whartever of the *a&hble effects of sinapisms in convulsions.They are thought useless, or nearly 80, by Denman; but Ramsbotham recommends them, and Boivin advises the application of a lage blister to the back of the head.Ad I would further remark, that where sedatives, as r.Roper's cases, appear to act beneficially, they probably do so by rendering the nervous centres less sensible to the effect of the irritation, whatever it may be.But I am doubtful about their being generally applicable.Perhaps where the hysterical diathesis predominates they may be most useful.I am inclined to think further, that Mr. Roper was unnecessarily alarmed when he feared in his seeond case that the bleeding was doing harm.In my third and fourth cases, there appeared to be the same rea- sons for thinking so; I persevered, nevertheless, and cer- * LsDt, Jauay bth, 1t, and 6th, 1850.think they are deeper than this.Peytier and Hossard, two, French engineers, stationed on the Pyrenees, found the thickness of some ordinary clouds more than half a mile.(Brocklesby's Meteorology.New York: 1851.)The vertical thickness of these large cukuli is very considerably more than this.They are aJlo very dense; and their density.coupled together with their great vertical height, accounts for the darkness during their transit.The air appears to be negatively electric on their ap
Les Jongleurs des Joules
Authors: Robert M. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> My 12-year-old son called my attention to your lead EDITORIAL, "To Count Calories or Juggle Joules?" Feb 28, 1972. Rightly disturbed, he wished to know if the nutritionists had repealed those laws of physics by which the rest of us live and work, thus relieving the strain on family food budgets in these days of rapid inflation. Regretfully, I had to assure him that a diet of AMA joules would not sustain life although it would, no doubt, temporarily encourage weight loss amongst those consuming it. Perhaps this might be appropriate on occasion. Unfortunately, the joule we know and love represents the work done in<i>accelerating</i>1 kg of mass 1 meter/sec/sec over a distance of 1 meter. And 12 to 15 million of these joules daily consumed will, as always, dent the exchequer smartly while augmenting the girth of those unfortunates among us to whom a
Immunoglobulin Deficiency and Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Robert A. Wood
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section of the Sept 5, 1986, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, a physician<sup>1</sup>wrote for advice regarding the appropriate diagnostic workup for two 8-year-old boys with recurrent otitis media and sinusitis. He had already obtained quantitative immunoglobulin measurements, demonstrating borderline low levels of IgG and IgM in both patients and IgA levels of 60 mg/dL (0.60 g/L) and 10 mg/dL (0.10 g/L), respectively. One boy in addition had been found to have an adequate antibody response to tetanus toxoid. We are concerned that the response to this inquiry was misleading in several respects. First, it was stated that both boys had "significant deficiencies in IgA level." The level of 60 mg/dL (0.60 g/L) is within two standard deviations from the mean for an 8-year-old and presents no significant concern. While an IgA level of 10 mg/dL (0.10 g/L) in the second patient might