tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transmission of intrathoracic pressure to the intracranial space during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs.
Authors: A D Guerci, A Y Shi, H Levin, J Tsitlik, M L Weisfeldt, N Chandra
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Elevation of intrathoracic pressure during cardiopulmonary resuscitation generates carotid pressure and flow, but also increases intracranial pressure. This increase in intracranial pressure may limit cerebral blood flow. Therefore, we performed studies designed to quantify the extent of this transmission and to identify the mechanism of transmission of intrathoracic pressure to the intracranial space during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in dogs. Intracranial pressure increased during the chest compression phase of all modes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation tested. During simultaneous compression-ventilation cardiopulmonary resuscitation, change in intracranial pressure (mm Hg) = 0.33 change in intrathoracic pressure (mm Hg) + 2.02 (r = 0.86) and was not significantly different from the relationship observed during conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The magnitude of transmission of intrathoracic pressure to the intracranial space was increased by binding the abdomen and by raising the baseline intracranial pressure. No single route accounted for transmission of intrathoracic pressure to the intracranial space during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Intracranial pressure fluctuations were unrelated to either carotid arterial or jugular venous pressure, and were found instead to be the result of pressure transmission by blood in non-valved veins and by cerebrospinal fluid. This was determined by three maneuvers. First, obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid flow by ligation of the cervical spinal cord reduced intracranial pressure (P less than 0.001) and made the change in intracranial pressure equivalent to pressure changes at the confluence of the intracranial venous sinuses, without affecting pressure changes at the confluence of the intracranial venous sinuses. Second, ligation of the cervical spinal cord and one of the two longitudinal vertebral veins adjacent to the cervical cord reduced the pressure changes in the intracranial space and at the confluence of the intracranial venous sinuses to about 60% of the levels observed when the cervical cord alone was ligated. Thus, the non-valved longitudinal vertebral veins appear to be the vascular channels of critical importance to pressure transmission. Finally, pressure changes in the thoracic cerebrospinal fluid were increased (P less than 0.05) by cord ligation, even after exsanguination minimized pressure transmission via blood-filled channels, indicating direct transmission of intrathoracic pressure through intervertebral foramina to the cerebrospinal fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Burning Mouth Syndrome
Authors: James B. Carter
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In regard to Dr Grushka's letter (1983;249:1151), she makes a suggestive argument for the presence of collagen vascular disease in about 50% of patients with the "burning mouth syndrome." A more comprehensive patient history is needed to help substantiate her claims: how many patients have signs or symptoms of arthritis, serositis, nephritis, cutaneous involvement, Raynaud's phenomenon, and muscle or CNS disorders? More specifically, with a female-to-male ratio of 2.4:1, all patients having intraoral burning, and 44% of patients having dry mouth, we would like to know what percentage of the patients had dry eyes, dry skin, and parotid enlargement. Sjogren's syndrome is the second most common of the autoimmune diseases, following only rheumatoid arthritis.<sup>1</sup>It should be considered in all patients with symptoms of dry mouth. A more complete history and an examination by an ophthalmologist including a Schirmer tear test and a rose bengal dye
RUPTURED SPLEEN WITH REPAIR AND RECOVERY
Authors: Charles W. Doughtie
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>History.</h3> —V. E. R., a man, aged 19, white, a granolithic worker, seen, Dec. 3, 1922, who had had the usual diseases of childhood, and no operations, whose family history was negative, complained of pain in the abdomen, accompanied by nausea, and pain in the left shoulder. The present illness began about 5:30 p. m., December 3, while the patient was engaged in a game of football. He received a butting blow in the abdomen, which caused him to feel faint, nauseated, and to complain of pain in the abdomen and left shoulder. He dropped out of the game, lay down for a while, and later, with assistance, walked home. On reaching home, he vomited, then, after resting for a short time, he went to his supper, but drank only a cup of tea, which was retained. As his condition did not improve, Dr. Doles was called. He found the
Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Mortality, and Overweight
Authors: Kathleen McTigue
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS CANCER.
Authors: M. L. HEIDINGSFELD
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The treatment of cutaneous cancer has been one of the most serious and difficult problems with which the profession has had to deal. The remedies, which at one time have been highly extolled, at another, severely condemned, are exceedingly varied in nature and innumerable in number. Two remedies which are received with much favor to-day, zinc chlorid and white arsenic, have been extensively used, the one for scores of years, the other for centuries. The use of these two remedies, in the hands of certain specialists, was attended, at least in selected cases, by eminently successful results; in others there was absolute failure, if not death of the patient. Caustics were much in vogue in the treatment of cancer, until the recent advances in surgery were made possible by the introduction of antisepsis and anesthesia. Since then the knife has been freely employed, and its use was gladly welcomed, with
An Unknown Page in the History of Medicine
Authors: Leonard J. Bruce-Chwatt
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The splendid achievements of the Polish School of Medicine, established in Edinburgh during the Second World War, have been described on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the foundation in 1941 of this academic institution.<sup>1</sup> In the light of this commemoration, it is timely to reveal one virtually unknown page of medical annals, namely the incredible story of the clandestine medical schools that existed in Poland during the German occupation from 1940 to 1945. The full chronicle of this truly heroic attempt to maintain medical teaching during that time has not yet been fully told outside of Poland, but some aspects of it should be better known as the memories of these years gradually fade away. The clandestine teaching of medicine carried out in Poland during the period from 1940 to 1945 is an inspiring example of the tenacity of a people desperately anxious to preserve their national
Communication Between Physicians and Older Women With Localized Breast Cancer: Implications for Treatment and Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Wenchi Liang, Caroline B. Burnett, Julia H. Rowland, Neal J. Meropol, Lynne Eggert, Yi Ting Hwang, Rebecca A. Silliman, Jane C. Weeks, Jeanne S. Mandelblatt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To identify factors associated with patient-physician communication and to examine the impact of communication on patients’ perception of having a treatment choice, actual treatment received, and satisfaction with care among older breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from 613 pairs of surgeons and their older (≥ 67 years) patients diagnosed with localized breast cancer. Measures of patients’ self-reported communication included physician- and patient-initiated communication and the number of treatment options discussed. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between communication and outcomes. RESULTS: Patients who reported that their surgeons mentioned more treatment options were 2.21 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62 to 3.01) more likely to report being given a treatment choice, and 1.33 times (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.73) more likely to get breast-conserving surgery with radiation than other types of treatment. Surgeons who were trained in surgical oncology, or who treated a high volume of breast cancer patients (≥ 75% of practice), were more likely to initiate communication with patients (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.56; and OR = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.76, respectively). A high degree of physician-initiated communication, in turn, was associated with patients’ perception of having a treatment choice (OR = 2.46; 95% CI, 1.29 to 4.70), and satisfaction with breast cancer care (OR = 2.13; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.85) in the 3 to 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Greater patient-physician communication was associated with a sense of choice, actual treatment, and satisfaction with care. Technical information and caring components of communication impacted outcomes differently. Thus, the quality of cancer care for older breast cancer patients may be improved through interventions that improve communication within the physician-patient dyad.
LPS-TLR4 Signaling to IRF-3/7 and NF-κB Involves the Toll Adapters TRAM and TRIF
Authors: Katherine A. Fitzgerald, Daniel C. Rowe, Betsy J. Barnes, Daniel R. Caffrey, Alberto Visintin, Eicke Latz, Brian Monks, Paula M. Pitha, Douglas T. Golenbock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Toll–IL-1–resistance (TIR) domain–containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF)–related adaptor molecule (TRAM) is the fourth TIR domain–containing adaptor protein to be described that participates in Toll receptor signaling. Like TRIF, TRAM activates interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3, IRF-7, and NF-κB-dependent signaling pathways. Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and 4 activate these pathways to induce IFN-α/β, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and γ interferon–inducible protein 10 (IP-10) expression independently of the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). Dominant negative and siRNA studies performed here demonstrate that TRIF functions downstream of both the TLR3 (dsRNA) and TLR4 (LPS) signaling pathways, whereas the function of TRAM is restricted to the TLR4 pathway. TRAM interacts with TRIF, MyD88 adaptor–like protein (Mal)/TIRAP, and TLR4 but not with TLR3. These studies suggest that TRIF and TRAM both function in LPS-TLR4 signaling to regulate the MyD88-independent pathway during the innate immune response to LPS.
IP-10 is an accurate biomarker for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children
Authors: I. Latorre, J. Díaz, I. Mialdea, M. Serra-Vidal, N. Altet, C. Prat, N. Díez, A. Escribano, I. Casas, C. Rodrigo, V. Ausina, M. Ruhwald, J. Domínguez
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
833-2 Long-term effects of statin therapy in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and moderate or severe left ventricular dysfunction: Reduction of mortality but not of nonfatal major adverse coronary and cerebrovascular events
Authors: Thomas Kleemann, Rudolf Schiele, Anselm Gitt, Claus Jünger, Harm Wienbergen, Jochen Senges, Bernhard Rauch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
ERG deletion is associated with CD2 and attenuates the negative impact of IKZF1 deletion in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: M Zaliova, O Zimmermannova, P Dörge, C Eckert, A Möricke, M Zimmermann, J Stuchly, A Teigler-Schlegel, B Meissner, R Koehler, C R Bartram, L Karawajew, P Rhein, J Zuna, M Schrappe, G Cario, M Stanulla
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Results of Phase III Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Peter S. Hersh, R. Doyle Stulting, Roger F. Steinert, George O. Waring, Keith P. Thompson, Maureen O'Connell, Kimberley Doney, Oliver D. Schein, Marc Michelson, John Owen, Michael Gordon, John R. Wright, George O. Waring, R. Doyle Stulting, Keith P. Thompson, Stephen Brint, Roger Steinert, Mariana Mead, Michael Raizman, Helen Wu, Daniel Durrie, Timothy Cavanaugh, John Hunkeler, Jay Pepose, J. Harley Galusha, Daniel H. Gold, Bernard A. Milstein
Journal: Ophthalmology (1997)
Thrombocytopenia and Sulfasalazine
Authors: J.M. PEÑA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1985Thrombocytopenia and SulfasalazineJ.M. PEÑA, M.D., Ph.D., J.J. GONZALEZ-GARCIA, M.D., J. GARCIA-ALEGRIA, M.D., F.J. BARBADO, M.D., Ph.D., J.J. VAZQUEZ, M.D., Ph.D.J.M. PEÑA, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, J.J. GONZALEZ-GARCIA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. GARCIA-ALEGRIA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, F.J. BARBADO, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, J.J. VAZQUEZ, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-2-277_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Peppercorn's (1) review of sulfasalazine mentions thrombocytopenia secondary to megakaryocytic aplasia. We have recently seen a case of sulfasalazine-induced thrombocytopenia due to increased platelet destruction.A 17-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital with fever and bloody diarrhea. On admission his leukocyte count was 13 100/mm3; hematocrit, 32%; and platelet count, 365 000/mm3. Moderately active ulcerative colitis was diagnosed on the basis of radiographic, endoscopic, and histologic studies. The patient was placed on a regimen of sulfasalazine, 0.5 g twice daily, and prednisone, 40 mg/d. Ten days later he developed petechial and ecchymotic purpura, and the...References1. PEPPERCORN M. Sulfasalazine: pharmacology, clinical use, toxicity and related new drugs development. Ann Intern Med. 1984;3:377-86. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HACKETTKELTONPOWERS TJP. Drug induced platelet destruction. Semin Thromb Hemost. 1982;8:116-37. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KELTONGIBBONS JS. Autoimmune platelet destruction: idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura. Semin Thromb Hemost. 1982;8:83-101. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. MIESCHERGRAF PJ. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia. Clin Haematol. 1980;9:505-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: C.S.S.S. La Paz Universidad Autonoma Madrid Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThrombocytopenia associated with 5-aminosalicylate prodrug, olsalazine: is the devil still there?Haematology and ToxicologyExtraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseaseMiscellaneous antibacterial and antiviral drugsMiscellaneous antibacterial and antiviral drugsGastrointestinal drugs 1 February 1985Volume 102, Issue 2Page: 277-278KeywordsDiarrheaFeversHematocritPlateletsUlcerative colitis Issue Published: 1 February 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Author's response: spontaneously breathing patients get tension pneumothorax
Authors: Graham Simpson
Journal: Thorax (2011)

In my brief letter1 I did not mean to imply that Leigh-Smith and Harris2 found the case reports they cited as unconvincing, merely that I did not find it convincing that supra-atmospheric pleural pressure was the main explanation for the clinical condition of these patients. The ill patients in the cases cited by Leigh-Smith and Harris and reported by others …
Refinements and confinements in a two-stage model of memory consolidation
Authors: Ullrich Wagner, Steffen Gais, Jan Born
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Matthew Walker's model overcomes the unrefined classical concept of consolidation as a unitary process. Presently still confined in its scope to selective data mainly referring to procedural motor learning, the model nonetheless provides a valuable starting point for further refinements, which would be required for a more comprehensive account of different types and aspects of human memory consolidation.
SUCCESSIVE TRANSRADIAL ACCESS FOR CORONARY PROCEDURES: EXPERIENCE OF QUEBEC HEART–LUNG INSTITUTE, A HIGH VOLUME RADIAL CENTRE
Authors: Olivier Bertrand, Eltigani Abdelaal, Pierre Molin, Guillaume Plourde, Jimmy MacHaalany, Yoann Bataille, Cynthia Brousseau–Provencher, Sarah Montminy, Jean–Pierre Déry, Éric Larose, Louis Roy, Onil Gleeton, Gérald Barbeau, Can Nguyen, Bernard Noël, Olivier Costerousse
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 507: Elevated manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) activity as a mechanism for the low dose dadiation- and thiol-induced adaptive responses in human RKO36 colon carcinoma cells and BFS2C mouse fibrosarcoma cells
Authors: Jeffrey S. Murley, Kenneth L. Baker, Yasushi Kataoka, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, David J. Grdina
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Exposure of cells to low non-lethal doses of ionizing radiation (≤ 10 cGy) or WR1065, the active free thiol form of amifostine, can induce pro-survival pathways that result in protection against the damaging effects of a 2 Gy dose of ionizing radiation. One such signaling pathway involves the elevation of active manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). SOD2 is a mitochondrial matrix protein that serves as the primary mitochondrial defense against superoxide formation. Its primary function is to facilitate the dismutation of two molecules of superoxide anion (O2−) produced by normal respiratory processes or following exposure to ionizing radiation into water and hydrogen peroxide. To characterize the role of SOD2 in the radiation- and thiol-induced adaptive responses, RKO36 human colon carcinoma cells and BFS2C mouse fibrosarcoma cells were exposed to 10 cGy x-rays and 40 μM or 4 mM WR1065 and SOD2 activity measured 24 h later. Significant increases in SOD2 activity in RKO36 cells (3.7-fold, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and BFS2C cells (3.0-fold, P = 0.005) were observed 24 h after exposure to 10 cGy. SOD2 activity was also observed to be significantly elevated in RKO36 cells (3.5-fold, P = 0.014 and 3.4-fold, P = 0.017) and BFS2C cells (3.7-fold, P = 0.007 and 2.5 fold, P = 0.021) 24 h after treatment with 40 μM or 4 mM WR1065, respectively. The protective effect of the low dose radiation- and thiol-induced elevation in active SOD2 was examined using the endpoint of micronuclei formation as a measure of chromosomal damage. Exposure of RKO36 and BFS2C cells to 2 Gy resulted in a significant increase in the mean number of micronuclei observed relative to unirradiated control cells (8.8 versus 2.2, P &amp;lt; 0.001; 5.4 versus 2.1, P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). The frequency of micronuclei formation was significantly reduced in both RKO36 cells (P = 0.003) and BFS2C cells (P = 0.011) exposed to 10 cGy 24 h prior to the 2 Gy dose. A significant reduction in micronuclei formation was also observed in RKO36 and BFS2C cells treated with 40 μM or 4 mM WR1065 30 min or 24 h prior to irradiation with 2 Gy. Treatment of both cell lines with SOD2 siRNA reduced SOD2 activity relative to mock-transfected control cells which resulted in the abrogation of both the radiation- and thiol-induced protective effect. This work was supported by NIH/NCI grant R01 CA132998 and DOE grant DE- PS02-08ER08-21 (D.J.G.). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 507.
Inflammation-Mediator Blockers May Be Weapons Against Sepsis Syndrome
Authors: Andrew Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

SEPSIS SYNDROME or septic shock, a frequently fatal inflammatory response to infections involving endotoxin-producing gram-negative bacteria and sometimes other organisms, affects many thousands of people in the United States each year. In more than 50% of cases, sepsis syndrome leads to major organ damage, and, depending on the patient population studied, from 20% to 90% die, despite all medical efforts. Any major organ may be affected, although the lungs often take the brunt of the damage. According to a 1972 estimate by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Lung Program, approximately 150 000 patients each year develop adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). While the number of cases occurring today is unknown, the fatality rate, which is 50% to 70%, has remained about the same, as best can be determined. <h3>Sepsis Symptoms</h3> The symptoms of sepsis syndrome usually include fever, chills, lethargy, hypotension, tachycardia, hyperventilation, thrombosis, and leukocytosis. Sepsis-induced lung
Preventing AIDS transmission: should blood donors be screened?
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1983)

During the past year, evidence has accumulated to suggest that the lethal and mysterious acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be spread by infusion of blood and blood products. Initially, patients with AIDS were mostly from two groups, male homosexuals with histories of numerous sexual contacts and persons who abused intravenous (IV) drugs (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1982;248:1423-1431). Disease transmission among these two groups could be explained by person-to-person contact and shared needles. A few cases were also described among native Haitians in both Haiti and the United States. But in late 1981 and early 1982, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, began to receive reports of cases of AIDS among persons with hemophilia A. Since these persons all received multiple infusions of factor VIII concentrate, the reports raised the possibility that the putative infectious agent in AIDS could be transmitted through blood products. As of mid-January 1983, there were eight