tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Landscape With Two Poplars</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ASSESSMENT OF LEFT ATRIAL VOLUME BEFORE AND AFTER PULMONARY THROMBOENDARTERECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC THROMBOEMBOLIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (CTEPH)
Authors: Nicholas Marston, William Auger, Michael Madani, Bruce Kimura, Ajit Raisinghani, Anthony DeMaria, Daniel Blanchard
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 461: Inhibition of HMGB1 delays tumor progression, reduces MDSC-mediated immune suppression, and diminishes MDSC-macrophage cross-talk interaction.
Authors: Katherine Parker, Suzanne Rosenberg, Pratima Sinha, Huan Yang, Kevin Tracey, Jianhua Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy aims to harness the power of the immune system to fight advanced stages of cancer. A main hindrance to cancer immunotherapy is tumor-induced immune suppression. Within the tumor microenvironment are a plethora of immune suppressive cells including Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC). MDSC are present in nearly all types of cancer blocking T cell activation and shifting immunity towards a type 2 tumor-promoting phenotype through cross-talk with macrophages that enhances the secretion of pro-tumor molecules such as IL-10, and simultaneously drops IL-12 production by macrophages. MDSC accumulation is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6 and VEGF as well as alarmins such as S100A8/9. Because the alarmin HMGB1 is increased in many cancers, we are determining if HMGB1 drives MDSC. Inhibition of HMGB1 in vitro by chemical inhibitors Glycyrrhizin and Ethyl Pyruvate decreased cross-talk-induced IL-10 production by MDSC and IL-6 production by macrophages. Ethyl Pyruvate also reduced MDSC suppressive capacity in transgenic T cell suppression assays, suggesting that HMGB1 regulates multiple aspects of MDSC function. Treatment of BALB/c mice with 4T1 mammary carcinoma with HMGB1 inhibitors Glycyrrhizin and Ethyl Pyruvate reduced lung metastases and did not impact primary tumor progression. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with MC38 colon carcinoma with an HMGB1 neutralizing antibody (2G7) reduced MDSC levels in the blood, spleen, and tumor. HMGB1 consists of two domains, the pro-inflammatory B box domain and an anti-inflammatory A box domain. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with MC38 tumor with A box significantly reduced primary tumor growth and decreased MDSC levels in the blood. These findings indicate that full-length HMGB1 drives inflammation and tumor progression, while the anti-inflammatory A box domain counteracts full-length HMGB1 and reduces tumor growth and MDSC. These results suggest that HMGB1 drives MDSC accumulation and tumor progression and that A box can be used to target MDSC-mediated tumor-induced immune suppression. (Research supported by NIH RO1CA115880 and RO1CA84232) Citation Format: Katherine Parker, Suzanne Rosenberg, Pratima Sinha, Huan Yang, Kevin Tracey, Jianhua Li. Inhibition of HMGB1 delays tumor progression, reduces MDSC-mediated immune suppression, and diminishes MDSC-macrophage cross-talk interaction. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 461. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-461
Fluoride for the Treatment of Osteoporosis
Authors: Gerson T. Lesser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters2 February 1999Fluoride for the Treatment of OsteoporosisValerie P. Weil, MDValerie P. Weil, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA 19104Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-3-199902020-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Reginster and colleagues (1) reported a clinically significant increase in bone density in postmenopausal women receiving sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP). Two issues, however, are raised. First, their study looked at markers of bone formation (serum bone-associated alkaline phosphatase), as well as bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, and demonstrated increases in both. It is puzzling, however, that the increase in alkaline phosphatase levels was not statistically significant until after 36 months of therapy, yet the increase in lumbar BMD was first noted at 6 months. One would expect the opposite: an initial increase in alkaline phosphatase ...References1. Reginster JY, Meurmans L, Zegels B, Rovati LC, Minne HW, Giacovelli G, et al . The effect of sodium monofluorophosphate plus calcium on vertebral fracture rate in postmenopausal women with moderate osteoporosis. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:1-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Riggs BL, Hodgson SF, O'Fallon WN, Chao EY, Wahner HW, Muhs JM, et al . Effect of fluoride treatment on the fracture rate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:802-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Valerie P. Weil, MDAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Effect of Sodium Monofluorophosphate plus Calcium on Vertebral Fracture Rate in Postmenopausal Women with Moderate Osteoporosis Jean Yves Reginster , Laurence Meurmans , Brigitte Zegels , Lucio C. Rovati , Helmut W. Minne , Gianpaolo Giacovelli , Anne N. Taquet , Ivo Setnikar , Julien Collette , and Christiane Gosset Fluoride for the Treatment of Osteoporosis Gerson T. Lesser Fluoride for the Treatment of Osteoporosis Jean Yves Reginster Metrics 2 February 1999Volume 130, Issue 3Page: 240KeywordsBoneBone densityBone mineral densityBone resorptionMenopauseOsteoporosisPhosphatasesSodiumSpineUrine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 2 February 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Organochlorine pesticide residues in human fat in the United Kingdom 1976-7.
Authors: D C Abbott, G B Collins, R Goulding, R A Hoodless
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Between May 1976 and August 1977 samples of human body fat were taken during routine necropsies in the United Kingdom on 236 subjects aged over 5 years and four infants aged under 4 months. Comparison with results from earlier studies showed a further decline in residues of pp'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (pp'-DDT) and dieldrin (HEOD) and increased amounts of hexachlorobenzene residues; concentrations of other compounds were similar to those observed in the studies carried out in 1963-4, 1965-7, and 1969-71. Comparison of the data with those from other countries, showed that the concentrations of organochlorine pesticide residues and polychlorobiphenyls in human fat samples from residents of the United Kingdom remain among the lowest in Europe and, indeed, the world.
Abstract 1702: Metabolic heterogeneity of HER2-positive breast cancers.
Authors: Jennifer B. Dennison, Gordon B. Mills
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Breast cancers are at least five molecularly distinct diseases with reported metabolic differences. Basal-like breast cancers are typically more glycolytic as compared to luminal-like breast cancers. However, HER2-positive breast tumors have variable FDG-PET maximum uptake values. We hypothesized that HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines would reflect the metabolic heterogeneity reported in breast cancer tumors. In the current study, a panel of HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines (N = 8) was profiled by their metabolic properties. To evaluate glycolytic dependency for ATP production, ATP-synthase dependent oxygen consumption rates were normalized to extracellular acidification rates using the Seahorse Bioscience XF analyzer. The glycolytic dependency was highly variable (12-fold range); ER-negative lines including AU565 and HCC1954 were the most glycolytic. Consistent with these results, HER2-positive/ER-negative cell lines produced more lactate compared to HER2-positive/ER-positive cell lines (1.5 versus 1.2 lactate produced/glucose consumed, p = 0.02). The glycolytic phenotypes of HER2-positive/ER-negative breast cancer cell lines were similar to that of basal-like breast cancer cell lines. For the HER2-positive lines, the highest rates of glutamine consumption were in ER-positive lines BT474 and HCC1419. Differential expression of mitochondrial glutaminase 2 (GLS2, p = 0.02), but not cytosolic glutaminase (GLS) or glutamine synthetase (GLUL), may contribute to higher rates of glutamine consumption by HER2-positive/ER-positive breast cancers. Consistent with higher rates of mitochondrial respiration, ER-positive/HER2-positive cells were also associated with higher expression of carbonic anhydrase 12 (CA12) and lower expression of the lactate transporter MCT1 (SLC16A1). Metabolic heterogeneity of HER2-positive cells was only evident in normoxic conditions. Per the “Pasteur effect,” all cell lines cultured under hypoxia (1% O2) were equally glycolytic (average = 1.8 lactate production/glucose consumption ratio) with correspondingly reduced rates of glutamine uptake. We conclude that the heterogeneity observed in FDG-PET may be influenced by fundamental metabolic differences between HER2-positive breast cancers, in particular, for well-oxygenated regions of the tumor. Citation Format: Jennifer B. Dennison, Gordon B. Mills. Metabolic heterogeneity of HER2-positive breast cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1702. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1702
Allergy indices based on allergen dose‐response curve in a randomly selected sample of schoolchildren
Authors: G. M. Corbo, A. Foresi, A. E. Verga, S. Mattoli, G. Polidori, G. Giappi
Journal: Allergy (1987)

Skin-test sensitivity was computed in 61 schoolchildren drawn from a stratified random sample in order to generate two allergy indices based on a quantitative skin-test assay: Individual Allergy Index (IAI) and Population Allergy Index (PAI). The former to quantitate IgE-mediated skin test sensitivity of each subject, the latter to describe the degree of skin reactivity of our sample to a single allergen. Five allergen extracts were tested at 4-fold dilutions. Sensitivity endpoint data were used to generate IAI. Frequency distribution of IAI seemed to be bimodal as asymptomatic subjects gathered at the lower part while symptomatic children showed a peak in the middle. By means of criteria based on the relation between IAI and the prevalence of symptoms we were able to classify atopy in five classes from normal (all asymptomatic subjects) to severe atopy (all symptomatic subjects). Each positive reaction was plotted as a function of the allergen concentration eliciting the weal, and linear regression with confidence limits was calculated for grass and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus only. PAI was represented by the slope, which depends on the reactivity of the sample, and the intercept, which involves the potency of the allergen as well. Grass and D. pteronyssinus showed the same slope while the intercepts differed. The slope increased if we considered symptomatic subjects only. We propose both these indices for clinical and epidemiological studies.
Do We Still Need Primary Care Tracks?
Authors: Wylie Burke, Thomas S. Inui
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Primary care tracks in internal medicine residency programs were initiated in the late 1970s in response to the need for more primary care physicians. These programs have shown that internists can be trained effectively in ambulatory settings. Graduates of primary care tracks are more likely to choose careers in general internal medicine than are other internal medicine graduates. Primary care internist training has been accompanied by the growth of academic general internal medicine divisions and by the enhancement of the scientific base for ambulatory care practice and medical education. Expanded ambulatory training opportunities, modeled after current primary care tracks, should be offered to all residents in internal medicine. At the same time, primary care tracks should be revised to address deficiencies in current ambulatory training. These tracks should be designed to commit most resident time to ambulatory care settings, to involve residents in community-based and interdisciplinary health care, and to expose residents to conditions outside of the medical sector that affect health. Revised primary care tracks can serve as pathfinder programs for ongoing reform in internal medicine residency training. Three models for organizing and funding such reform are presented.
Medical Defence Union questions value of prosecuting doctors for manslaughter
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A doctor faces a manslaughter charge after a man he decided was fit to be detained died in police custody.

The Crown Prosecution Service of England and Wales said that Hisham El-Baroudy, a former forensic medical examiner, would be charged with manslaughter by gross negligence over the death of Andrzej Rymarzak from opiate and alcohol intoxication just hours after he was examined in January 2009 at Chelsea police station in London.

The Medical Defence Union, the United Kingdom’s largest defence organisation for doctors, said that manslaughter charges against doctors are rare but that they often trigger a range of other investigations that can have a devastating effect on …
Calcium channel blockers associated with less diabetes
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Patients taking a treatment for high blood pressure based on a calcium channel blocker had a 34% lower risk of developing diabetes than patients using a β blocker. This result is from a substudy of the Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac outcomes trial (ASCOT) reported this week at the World Congress of Cardiology meeting in Barcelona.

Treating patients with amlodipine, with or without the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril, was associated with a 34% reduction in new onset diabetes compared …
Randomized Phase II Study of Cetuximab and Bevacizumab in Combination with Two Regimens of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Chemonaive Patients with Stage IIIB/IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Philip D. Bonomi, Joseph Mace, Romeo A. Mandanas, Myo Min, Mark Olsen, Hagop Youssoufian, Terry L. Katz, Grishma Sheth, Hyun Jung Lee
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Maternal Demoralization Is Associated with Childhood Wheeze, But Not IgE, at Age 5 Years in an Inner-City Cohort
Authors: M. Reyes, M.S. Perzanowski, R.M. Whyatt, E. Kelvin, D.M. Diaz, M.B. Plaza, L.A. Hoepner, F.P. Perera, V.A. Rauh, R.L. Miller
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
False Positive F-18 FDG PET/CT in Neck and Mediastinum Lymph Nodes Due to Anthracosis in a Buccal Cancer Patient
Authors: Nai-Ming Cheng, Ta-Wei Yeh, Kung-Chu Ho, Shu-Hang Ng, Chuen Hsueh, Tzu-Chen Yen, Chun-Ta Liao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A 48-year-old man with pathologically proven left buccal squamous cell carcinoma underwent preoperative F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT for tumor staging. Vivid FDG uptake was noted in the bilateral neck and mediastinum, suggestive of nodal metastases. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and bilateral neck dissection yielded anthracosis in the affected nodes. Although histopathological confirmation is mandatory for anthracosis, small likelihood of skip distant metastasis in a superficial buccal squamous cell carcinoma plus intranodal calcification of mediastinum lymph nodes seen in CT images of PET/CT provided hints for the benign nature of such FDG-vivid lymph nodes.
Portal-Systemic Shunt: Finally, Some Good News
Authors: Telfer B. Reynolds
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Those who have been interested in portal–systemicshunt surgery have witnessed a number of optimistic presentations of new types of operations designed to improve results. The first portal–systemic shunts performed in this country were portacaval, end-to-side, by Drs. Blakemore and Whipple and their co-workers. Soon afterward the splenorenal shunt was proposed as a superior operation, with relief of hypersplenism and a claimed lower rate of postoperative encephalopathy. Although the question is not as yet settled to everyone's satisfaction, it is generally agreed that the portacaval shunt is preferable because it is technically easier to perform and is, more likely to remain . . .
Some effects of hypophysectomy on gastrointestinal function and structure
Authors: E. D. Jacobson, T. J. Magnani
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS These investigations demonstrate the dependence of gastrointestinal function on pituitary gland secretions.Hypophysectomy decreased all indices of gastric secretion in the dog but these could be restored either by cortisone or growth hormone.No histological changes were found.
Arterial baroreflex buffering of sympathetic activation during exercise-induced elevations in arterial pressure.
Authors: U Scherrer, S L Pryor, L A Bertocci, R G Victor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Static muscle contraction activates metabolically sensitive muscle afferents that reflexively increase sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure. To determine if this contraction-induced reflex is modulated by the sinoaortic baroreflex, we performed microelectrode recordings of sympathetic nerve activity to resting leg muscle during static handgrip in humans while attempting to clamp the level of baroreflex stimulation by controlling the exercise-induced rise in blood pressure with pharmacologic agents. The principal new finding is that partial pharmacologic suppression of the rise in blood pressure during static handgrip (nitroprusside infusion) augmented the exercise-induced increases in heart rate and sympathetic activity by greater than 300%. Pharmacologic accentuation of the exercise-induced rise in blood pressure (phenylephrine infusion) attenuated these reflex increases by greater than 50%. In contrast, these pharmacologic manipulations in arterial pressure had little or no effect on: (a) forearm muscle cell pH, an index of the metabolic stimulus to skeletal muscle afferents; or (b) central venous pressure, an index of the mechanical stimulus to cardiopulmonary afferents. We conclude that in humans the sinoaortic baroreflex is much more effective than previously thought in buffering the reflex sympathetic activation caused by static muscle contraction.
Phosphorylation of Carbonic Anhydrase IX Controls Its Ability to Mediate Extracellular Acidification in Hypoxic Tumors
Authors: Peter Ditte, Franck Dequiedt, Eliska Svastova, Alzbeta Hulikova, Anna Ohradanova-Repic, Miriam Zatovicova, Lucia Csaderova, Juraj Kopacek, Claudiu T. Supuran, Silvia Pastorekova, Jaromir Pastorek
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

In the hypoxic regions of a tumor, carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is an important transmembrane component of the pH regulatory machinery that participates in bicarbonate transport. Because tumor pH has implications for growth, invasion, and therapy, determining the basis for the contributions of CA IX to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment could lead to new fundamental and practical insights. Here, we report that Thr443 phosphorylation at the intracellular domain of CA IX by protein kinase A (PKA) is critical for its activation in hypoxic cells, with the fullest activity of CA IX also requiring dephosphorylation of Ser448. PKA is activated by cAMP, which is elevated by hypoxia, and we found that attenuating PKA in cells disrupted CA IX-mediated extracellular acidification. Moreover, following hypoxia induction, CA IX colocalized with the sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter and other PKA substrates in the leading edge membranes of migrating tumor cells, in support of the concept that bicarbonate metabolism is spatially regulated at cell surface sites with high local ion transport and pH control. Using chimeric CA IX proteins containing heterologous catalytic domains derived from related CA enzymes, we showed that CA IX activity was modulated chiefly by the intracellular domain where Thr443 is located. Our findings indicate that CA IX is a pivotal mediator of the hypoxia-cAMP-PKA axis, which regulates pH in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment.
Reduction of serum interleukin 7 levels upon methotrexate therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis correlates with disease suppression
Authors: J A G van Roon, K Jacobs, S Verstappen, J Bijlsma, F Lafeber
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Increased interleukin (IL)7 levels that correlate with disease activity have been demonstrated in patients with arthritis.1–3 Additionally, abundant IL7 expression by macrophages, endothelial cells and fibroblasts was detected in the synovial tissue (ST) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).3 IL7 promotes numerous pro-inflammatory responses that include T cell activation, which can overrule regulatory T cell function in RA.4 5 Recently, we also reported persistence of IL7 levels and IL7 activity in patients with RA that lacked response to anti-tumour necrisis factor (TNF)α treatment, suggesting IL7 to be a target for treatment in these patients.6 Since methotrexate (MTX) is currently the most commonly used drug …
Dangerous to Your Health-Reply
Authors: Jeoffrey K. Stross
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The law mandating participation in CME as a prerequisite for relicensure was not primarily instituted to end the well-established policy of lifelong relicensure but as an attempt to ensure competent physicians and thus stem the malpractice crisis. Malpractice insurance was becoming increasingly difficult to obtain, and the Michigan legislature was being asked to intervene by developing an insurance program for physicians. As one part of the program, mandatory CME was implemented in the hope that it would improve the practice of physicians and reduce malpractice claims. Physicians knew of the existence of the proposed law but were not able to influence it appreciably because of their weak bargaining position. In addition, the considerable educational expertise available in the state was not used in the development of this legislation, and serious problems in implementation occurred. Whether the 39% of physicians who increased their participation in CME is a large