tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Novel interferon-based pre-transplantation conditioning in the treatment of a congenital metabolic disorder
Authors: Taku Sato, Mahoko Ikeda, Satoshi Yotsumoto, Yohta Shimada, Takashi Higuchi, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Takahiro Fukuda, Toya Ohashi, Toshio Suda, Toshiaki Ohteki
Journal: Blood (2013)
Rapid and specific detection of Helicobacter pylori macrolide resistance in gastric tissue by fluorescent in situ hybridisation
Authors: K Trebesius
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> The development of macrolide resistance in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is considered an essential reason for failure of antibiotic eradication therapies. The predominant mechanism of resistance to macrolides, particularly clarithromycin, is based on three defined mutations within 23S rRNA, resulting in decreased binding of the antibiotic to the bacterial ribosome. <h3>AIM</h3> To develop an rRNA based whole cell hybridisation method to detect<i>Helicobacter</i> species in situ within gastric tissue, simultaneously with its clarithromycin resistance genotype. <h3>METHODS</h3> A set of fluorescent labelled oligonucleotide probes was developed, binding either to <i>H pylori</i> 16S rRNA or 23S rRNA sequences containing specific point mutations responsible for clarithromycin resistance. After hybridisation and stringent washing procedures, labelling of intact single bacteria was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. The new approach was compared with PCR based assays, histology, and microbiological culture. <h3>RESULTS</h3> In comparison with the phenotypic resistance measurement by E test, the genotypic clarithromycin resistance correlated perfectly (100%) for 35<i>H pylori</i> isolates analysed. In a set of gastric biopsy specimens (27) <i>H pylori</i>infection was confirmed by histology (17/27) and correctly detected by whole cell hybridisation. Five clarithromycin resistant strains were identified in gastric tissue specimens directly. Furthermore, non-cultivable coccoid forms of <i>H pylori</i>were easily detectable by whole cell hybridisation. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Whole cell hybridisation of rRNA holds great promise for cultivation independent, reliable, and rapid (three hours) genotypic determination of clarithromycin resistance in <i>H pylori</i>. Compared with PCR techniques it is independent of nucleic acid preparations, not prone to inhibition, and allows semiquantitative visualisation of the bacteria within intact tissue samples.
Comparing spondylolysis in cricketers and soccer players
Authors: P L Gregory, M E Batt, R W Kerslake
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Objective: To determine whether the location of spondylolysis in the lumbar spine of athletes differs with biomechanical factors. Methods: Single photon emission computerised tomography and reverse gantry computerised tomography were used to investigate 42 cricketers and 28 soccer players with activity related low back pain. Sites of increased scintigraphic uptake in the posterior elements of the lumbar spine and complete or incomplete fracture in the pars interarticularis were compared for these two sports. Results: Thirty seven (90.4%) cricketers and 23 (82.1%) soccer players studied had sites of increased uptake. In cricketers, these sites were on the left of the neural arch of 49 lumbar vertebrae and on the right of 33 vertebrae. In soccer players there was a significantly different proportion, with 17 sites on the left and 28 on the right (difference of 22.0%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.38). Lower lumbar levels showed increased scintigraphic uptake more frequently than did higher levels, although the trend was reversed at L3 and L4 in soccer. Forty spondylolyses were identified in the lumbar vertebrae of the cricketers and 35 spondylolyses in the soccer players. These comprised 26 complete and 14 incomplete fractures in the cricketers, and 25 complete and 10 incomplete fractures in the soccer players. Similar numbers of incomplete fractures were found either side of the neural arch in soccer players, but there were more incomplete fractures in the left pars (14) than in the right (2) in cricketers. The proportion of incomplete fractures either side of the neural arch was significantly different between cricket players and soccer players (difference of 37.5%; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.65). Most complete fractures were at L5 (66.7%) and more were found at L3 (15.7%) than L4 (6.9%). However, incomplete fractures were more evenly spread though the lower three lumbar levels with 41.7% at L5, 37.5% at L4, and 20.8% at L3. Conclusions: Fast bowling in cricket is associated with pars interarticularis bone stress response and with development of incomplete stress fractures that occur more frequently on the left than the right. Playing soccer is associated with a more symmetrical distribution of bone stress response, including stress fracturing. Within cricketers, unilateral spondylolyses tend to arise on the contralateral side to the bowling arm.
Comment on: Lipsky and Berendt. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Diabetic Foot Wounds: Has Hope Hurdled Hype? Diabetes Care 2010;33:1143–1145
Authors: Sebastiaan R. van der Staal, Dirk T. Ubbink, Maarten J. Lubbers
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

We welcome the increased amount of solid evidence (1,2) with regard to hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) as an effective treatment for chronic diabetic foot ulcers in the article by Lipsky and Berendt (1). One of the concerns mentioned by Londahl et al. (2) is the limited availability and the issue of cost-effectiveness to convince policy makers to facilitate hyperbaric …
Relation between maximal acid output of stomach and lean body mass.
Authors: R. Hume, A. G. Melrose
Journal: BMJ (1967)

gestive heart failure and Cushing's syndrome it is unusual to have any obvious rhythm.ADDENDUM.-Sincesubmitting this paper for publication two reports have appeared of plasma cortisol values in depres- sive illness.Doig et al. (1966) have reported levels at 24.00, 03.00, and 06.00 hours and found a significant difference from controls only at 06.00 hours.Bridges and Jones (1966) have shown in their patients that between 09.30 and 21.30 hours a significant fall in plasma cortisol occurs, as in the depressives we have studied, though the mean values were higher than in our group of patients.We are grateful to Professor C. B.
Intravenous Isoprenaline in Treatment of Septic Shock in Man
Authors: J. L. Wosornu, C. O. Easmon
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Intravenous isoprenaline was given to 10 patients in septic shock, of which occult myocardial failure was the main indication. Isoprenaline expedited recovery in cases of "benign hypotension," where kidney function paradoxically remained satisfactory at low systolic pressures, and was useful in cases of "cold hypotension" which were complicated by renal failure alone. No significant improvement occurred in cases which were complicated by both massive pulmonary oedema and acute renal failure.
Kinetics of bile acid metabolism in experimental blind loop syndrome.
Authors: S Bender, H Sauer, D Hoffmann
Journal: Gut (1975)

In an experimental model of the contaminated small bowel syndrome, Eriksson's washout technique was used to study bile salt metabolism. Bile salt secretion rate was increased from 204-7 +/- SD 36-5 mumol/100 g body weight/24 h to 329-9 +/- 146-6, pool size from 33-4 +/- 5-4 mumol/100 g BW to 42-5 +/- 7-2, and biliary flow from 6-6 +/- 1-72 ml/100 g BW/24 h to 8-4 +/- 2.1. Detailed analysis of the washout curves gave indirect evidence of a short-circuit jejunohepatic shunt in the model contaminated small bowel syndrome. Parameters of this shunt were calculated with 9-1 mumol/100 g BW for 'short-circuit' pool size and 13-8 for its circulation frequency.
324 Differential expression of two isoforms of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 determines the ultimate effect of IP-10 on survival of human hepatic stellate cells (HSC)
Authors: I. Petrai, A. Bonacchi, P. Romagnani, M. Parola, B. Mazzinghi, M. Rotondi, P. Failli, S. Aleffi, C. Bertolani, E. Novo, E. Zamara, M. Pinzani, G. Laffi, P. Gentilini, F. Marra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Lung Cancer That Is Not Attributable to Smoking
Authors: M. A. Schneiderman, D. L. Davis, D. K. Wagener
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The report by the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga, on mortality attributable to cigarette smoking<sup>1</sup>has led us to look further at respiratory cancers to see how much of these diseases might not be attributable to smoking. The smoking-attributable fraction for bronchogenic cancer can be developed from published data<sup>2</sup>on the proportion of active smokers, the proportion of quit smokers, and the amounts smoked. From the data of Dorn and Hammond,<sup>3</sup>the relative risk for smokers is roughly given by 1 plus half the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Assuming that the average quit smoker is at one third the excess risks of a continuing smoker, we find the following smoking-attributable fractions for lung cancer based on 1965 smoking patterns: These smoking-attributable fractions imply that for recent lung cancer mortality<sup>4</sup>(1984 data, allowing for roughly a 20-year latent period), the
TICAGRELOR VERSUS CLOPIDOGREL IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ST-ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: RESULTS FROM THE PLATO TRIAL
Authors: Daniel Lindholm, Christoph Varenhorst, Christopher Cannon, Robert Harrington, Anders Himmelmann, Juan Maya, Steen Husted, Hugo Katus, Philippe Steg, Robert Storey, Lars Wallentin, Stefan K. James
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Retargeted Oncolytic Measles Strains Entering via the EGFRvIII Receptor Maintain Significant Antitumor Activity against Gliomas with Increased Tumor Specificity
Authors: Cory Allen, Sompong Vongpunsawad, Takafumi Nakamura, C. David James, Mark Schroeder, Roberto Cattaneo, Caterina Giannini, James Krempski, Kah-Whye Peng, Jenny M. Goble, Joon H. Uhm, Stephen J. Russell, Evanthia Galanis
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Among the best-characterized genetic alterations in gliomas is the amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, present in ∼40% of glioblastoma multiforme, and frequently associated with the EGFRvIII gene rearrangement. We have previously shown that attenuated vaccine strains of measles virus have potent antitumor activity against gliomas, and identified H protein mutations, which ablate recognition of the natural measles virus receptors CD46 and SLAM. Retargeted recombinant viruses were generated from the measles Edmonston-NSe vaccine strain displaying a single-chain antibody against EGFRvIII at the COOH terminus of H and containing the marker green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene in position 1. Two different H mutants were employed: HSNS (V451S, Y481N, and A527S)-CD46 blind, and HAA (Y481A and R533A)-CD46 and SLAM blind. MV-GFP virus was used as a positive control. Both EGFRvIII-retargeted viruses had significant antitumor activity against EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastoma multiforme but no cytopathic effect against normal cells. In an orthotopic model of EGFRvIII-expressing GBM39 xenografts, there was comparable therapeutic efficacy between retargeted strains and unmodified MV-GFP and statistically significant prolongation of survival in treated animals compared with the control group (P = 0.001). Formation of syncytia was observed in tumors treated with retargeted viruses, with a surrounding infiltrate consisting of macrophages and natural killer cells. In summary, EGFRvIII-retargeted oncolytic measles virus strains have comparable therapeutic efficacy with the unmodified MV-GFP strain against EGFRvIII-expressing glioma lines and xenografts with improved therapeutic index, a finding with potential translational implications in glioma virotherapy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(24): 11840-50)
Abstract 4790: Docetaxel modulates phenotype of human carcinoma cells, including drug-resistant tumor cells, resulting in enhanced killing by CTLs
Authors: Charlie T. Garnett, Benedetto Farsaci, Jeffrey Schlom, James W. Hodge
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Recent studies have reported that docetaxel, in addition to its direct cytostatic effects on murine tumors, can modulate immune cell populations in nontumor-bearing mice and enhance CD8+ T-cell responses. This study investigated docetaxel's ability to alter human tumor phenotype and sensitize tumor cells to immune attack. Experimental Design: We examined 18 human carcinoma cell lines (4 breast, 3 prostate, 2 lung, 2 ovarian, and 7 colon) for docetaxel-induced changes in surface protein expression and sensitivity to CTL-mediated lysis. We also analyzed docetaxel-resistant tumor cells. After in vitro treatment with docetaxel, we examined surface expression of 5 molecules involved in T cell-mediated attack by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and measured the sensitivity of tumor cells to lysis by antigen-specific CD8+ CTLs, cell death, and inhibition of proliferation. Results: Of the 18 cell lines tested, 15 (83%) up-regulated one or more of the surface molecules Fas, ICAM-1, MUC-1, CEA, and MHC class I post-docetaxel treatment. Killing by either CEA-specific or MUC-1-specific HLA-A2-restricted CD8+ CTLs was significantly enhanced in 6 of 9 docetaxel-treated HLA-A2+ tumor cell lines compared with untreated cell lines. Furthermore, tumor cells that were resistant to direct docetaxel cytotoxicity modulated phenotype and became more sensitive to CTL killing after treatment with docetaxel. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that docetaxel can sensitize human tumor cells to immune recognition and attack, even cells resistant to the direct cytotoxic effects of the drug. These findings establish a rationale for the combined use of vaccine and taxane based chemotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4790.
Dependence of proliferative vascular smooth muscle cells on CD98hc (4F2hc, <i>SLC3A2</i>)
Authors: Per Fogelstrand, Chloé C. Féral, Ramin Zargham, Mark H. Ginsberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Activation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to migrate and proliferate is essential for the formation of intimal hyperplasia. Hence, selectively targeting activated VSMCs is a potential strategy against vaso-occlusive disorders such as in-stent restenosis, vein-graft stenosis, and transplant vasculopathy. We show that CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc) is markedly up-regulated in neointimal and cultured VSMCs, and that activated but not quiescent VSMCs require CD98hc for survival. CD98hc mediates integrin signaling and localizes amino acid transporters to the plasma membrane. SMC-specific deletion of CD98hc did not affect normal vessel morphology, indicating that CD98hc was not required for the maintenance of resident quiescent VSMCs; however, CD98hc deletion reduced intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. Ex vivo and in vitro, loss of CD98hc suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in VSMCs. Furthermore, reconstitution with CD98hc mutants showed that CD98hc interaction with integrins was necessary for the survival of VSMCs. These studies establish the importance of CD98hc in VSMC proliferation and survival. Furthermore, loss of CD98hc was selectively deleterious to activated VSMCs while sparing resident quiescent VSMCs, suggesting that activated VSMCs are physiologically dependent on CD98hc, and hence, CD98hc is a potential therapeutic target in vaso-occlusive disorders.
292. Polyethylenimine Mediated Oral Cancer Targeted PUMA Gene Delivery Suppressed Tumor Growth and Prolonged Survival
Authors: Benson Chen, Ming-Shyan Huang, Steven Yeh, Mark Y.P. Kuo, Michael Hsiao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

PUMA, a BH3-only protein, induced by the p53 tumor suppressor and other apoptotic stimuli. It was found to be a principal mediator of cell death in response to diverse apoptotic signals, implicating PUMA as a likely tumor suppressor. In this study, we examined the efficacy of polyethylenimine (PEI)-mediated targeted PUMA gene therapy in preclinical in-situ oral cancers. The highest trasnfection efficiency (40 %) without cytotoxicity was achieved with PEI/DNA weight ratio of 0.75 in SAS cells. Exogenous expression of PUMA in SAS cells resulted in apoptosis as evidenced by cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm, activating caspases-9, caspase-3 and PARP.
Unusual computed tomography findings in a patient presenting with acute abdominal pain
Authors: J. K K Chan, R. Lovegrove, M. Dunckley, E. K Woo, M. Farouk
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An 84 year old woman presented with acute, diffuse, colicky abdominal pain associated with intermittent vomiting, and had a six week background of general malaise and weight loss. Her medical history included atrial fibrillation, peripheral vascular disease, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, pulmonary embolism, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. At initial assessment, the patient’s temperature was 36.7 °C, pulse 112 beats/min irregular, and blood pressure 91/71 mm Hg. Her respiratory rate was 20 breaths/min and her blood oxygen saturation was 98% on 15 litres oxygen. On examination, the patient was dehydrated but alert and oriented. Her abdomen was rigid with absent bowel sounds. Digital rectal examination was tender for the patient and there were firm stools in the rectum. Both feet were pale, cold, and cyanosed with a capillary refill time of more than 5 seconds. The patient’s arterial blood gas results on 10 litres oxygen were as follows: pH 7.33; pCO2 5.1 mm Hg; pO2 24.7 mm Hg; lactic acid 2.7 mmol/l; base excess 5.9 mmol/l; and HCO3 20.8 mmol/l. Her blood results were: haemoglobin 13.1 g/dl; white cell count 57.9 × 109/l; neutrophils 54.6 × 109/l; Na+ 138 mmol/l; K+ 4.2 mmol/l; urea 25.8 mmol/l; creatinine 363 μmol/l; and C reactive protein 307 mg/l. Her liver function tests were normal. Electrocardiography confirmed atrial fibrillation. Urgent computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis was performed the same day.⇓ ⇓ ### Short answers
Injury prediction in volleyball players.
Authors: J C de la Cruz-Márquez, B Cueto-Martín, J C de la Cruz-Campos, A de la Cruz-Campos
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background An accentuated Quadriceps (Q) angle, genu valgum, flat feet, femoral anteversion, lumbar hyperlordosis and lower limb dysmetria can be factors favouring the occurrence of injuries. Objective To determine what degrees of Q angle can be tolerated by and what corrector guidelines can be established for volleyball players. Design A Q angle analysis was performed on 36 female and 41 male volleyball players from a Spanish honour division team for 5 years, as well as a measurement of weight distribution on a balance platform. We determined the injuries suffered during each season and their relation to the physical activity. Setting and participants 44 females and 46 males (females: mean age 22±3.4 years; height: 182.3±5.7 cm; weight: 71.9±4.1 kg; males: 23±3.3 and; 188.2±3.8 cm; 84.8±6.9 kg) who were on the team during the 5-year period of study. Eight females and five males did not complete the study. Interventions A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the influence of anthropometric factors on the occurrence of injuries. Independent Variables: Anthropometric measures, balance, minutes of training. Dependent: Injuries. Results Females: In the right lower limb, the Q angle average is 14.14°±1.8 degrees, while in the left lower limb it is 14.97°±1.1 (p&lt;0.01). Males: Right Q angle: 13.1°±2.2; Left: 13.75°±1.7 (p&lt;0.01). Sharp Left Q angle favours the occurrence of lower limb and back injuries. There is no connection to practical exposure. Conclusions We formulated a logistic regression equation that predicts the occurrence of injuries. Degree of satisfaction: 75% (females), 85% (males). 1/1+e-(0.757•LQA−0.647•DTT)2. (e: Natural Logarithm e; LQA: Left Q angle; DTT: Differences in thigh thickness).
Ticlopidine and Aspirin Pretreatment Reduces Coagulation and Platelet Activation During Coronary Dilation Procedures
Authors: Luisa Gregorini, Jean Marco, Jean Fajadet, Monique Bernies, Bernard Cassagneau, Philippe Brunel, Irene M Bossi, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Liver fibrosis evaluation using real-time shear wave elastography: Applicability and diagnostic performance using methods without a gold standard
Authors: Thierry Poynard, Mona Munteanu, Elena Luckina, Hugo Perazzo, Yen Ngo, Luca Royer, Larysa Fedchuk, Florence Sattonnet, Raluca Pais, Pascal Lebray, Marika Rudler, Dominique Thabut, Vlad Ratziu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Smoking during Pregnancy Affects Speech-Processing Ability in Newborn Infants
Authors: Alexandra P.F. Key, Melissa Ferguson, Dennis L. Molfese, Kelley Peach, Casey Lehman, Victoria J. Molfese
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

BackgroundTobacco smoking during pregnancy is known to adversely affect development of the central nervous system in babies of smoking mothers by restricting utero–placental blood flow and the amount of oxygen available to the fetus. Behavioral data associate maternal smoking with lower verbal scores and poorer performance on specific language/auditory tests.ObjectivesIn the current study we examined the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on newborns’ speech processing ability as measured by event-related potentials (ERPs).MethodHigh-density ERPs were recorded within 48 hr of birth in healthy newborn infants of smoking (n = 8) and nonsmoking (n = 8) mothers. Participating infants were matched on sex, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores, mother’s education, and family income. Smoking during pregnancy was determined by parental self-report and medical records. ERPs were recorded in response to six consonant–vowel syllables presented in random order with equal probability.ResultsBrainwaves of babies of nonsmoking mothers were characterized by typical hemisphere asymmetries, with larger amplitudes over the left hemisphere, especially over temporal regions. Further, infants of nonsmokers discriminated among a greater number of syllables whereas the newborns of smokers began the discrimination process at least 150 msec later and differentiated among fewer stimuli.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke in otherwise healthy babies is linked with significant changes in brain physiology associated with basic perceptual skills that could place the infant at risk for later developmental problems.
Ethnic differences in risks of adverse reactions: Biomedical approach is insufficient to explain ethnic differences
Authors: Sam W P Mhlongo, Acquira J Mbokazi
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—McDowell et al conclude that ethnic group may be one determinant of harms of a given treatment in an individual patient.1 Genomics is insufficient to explain ethnic differences. The authors did not tackle compliance with pharmacological agents prescribed to patients by doctors including the …