tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comments on "Pressure-diameter relations during early diastole in dogs: incompatibility with the concept of passive left ventricular filling" and "Negative diastolic pressure in the intact canine right ventricle: evidence of diastolic suction" which appeared in Circ. Res 48: 357-365, 1981 and Circ. Res 49: 108-113, 1981, respectively.
Authors: P R Housmans, M A Goethals, W J Paulus, D L Brutsaert
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)
PRESENCE OF THE "ALKALINE TIDE"
Authors: ROGER S. HUBBARD
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In two recent papers we<sup>1</sup>have reported certain conclusions based on the results of studies of the alkaline tide in urine. In neither of these papers is there a detailed presentation of the results on which the conclusions were based; and, since the presence of the alkaline tide has been questioned in a communication<sup>2</sup>recently published inThe Journal, we wish to present a summary of our results and a brief discussion of the methods used. We shall not attempt to discuss the literature dealing with the subject, as that has been discussed in an earlier publication.<sup>3</sup> The conclusions were based on twenty experiments carried out on nineteen subjects who did not show evidences of acidosis by clinical or laboratory tests, and who were not receiving alkali or acid therapy. The urine voided during a twenty-four hour period was collected in seven portions. From 7 a. m.
Leukocytes and decreased left-ventricular contractility during endotoxemia in rabbits.
Authors: J T Granton, C M Goddard, M F Allard, S van Eeden, K R Walley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We hypothesized that leukocytes contribute to decreased myocardial contractility following endotoxin infusion. To test this hypothesis, we administered endotoxin (1 mg/kg intravenously) to intact, anesthetized rabbits whose arterial blood perfused two isolated hearts at a constant pressure (75 mm Hg). One heart was perfused with blood passed through a leukocyte filter, whereas the other received unfiltered blood. Contractility of both hearts was measured every 30 min for 6 h, using the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (Emax) and the maximum rate of change of intraventricular pressure (dP/dt(max)). In the unfiltered hearts at 6 h, Emax decreased to 81 +/- 6% (mean +/- SEM) of baseline (p < 0.05). In the hearts perfused with leukocyte-filtered blood there was no change in Emax. Similarly, dP/dt(max) decreased 74 +/- 9% of baseline in the hearts receiving unfiltered blood (p < 0.05) but did not decrease in the hearts receiving leukocyte-filtered blood. The leukocyte filter significantly reduced the number of neutrophils in perfusing blood (p < 0.01), decreased the number of neutrophils in the heart by 77% (p < 0.01), and decreased myocardial morphometric changes (p < 0.05). A 55 +/- 18% reduction in neutrophil L-selectin expression after endotoxin infusion (p < 0.01) suggests that the neutrophils were significantly activated. We conclude that leukocytes, notably activated neutrophils, may contribute to decreased myocardial contractility during septic shock.
Pbc and Ama—What Is the Connection?
Authors: James Neuberger, Richard Thomson
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) is very closely associated with the presence of antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA); indeed, the presence of these antibodies is virtually disease specific.Despite the major advances made during the last decade in identifying the antigens with which these antibodies react, the reason for the close association remains uncertain.In this review, we examine the clinical correlates of AMA with features of PBC and discuss the possible implications of the association. CLINICAL CORRELATES Epidemiology of PBCThere is geographical variation in the prevalence of PBC, being highest in areas such as the north of England and parts of North America but rare in Africa and the Indian subcontinent. 1Studies from the north of England suggest that the incidence of PBC is increasing.Clustering of cases is well described. 2PBC may occur in families, and up to 4% of first-degree relatives may have PBC.Where PBC does occur in families, it may be related to maternally inherited factors and tends to present earlier in the second generation. 3 AMA Are Detectable Before the Clinical and Histological Features of PBC AMA Persist After Liver Transplantation But Do Not Correlate With Disease RecurrenceAfter transplantation, titers of AMA fall but soon return to pretransplant levels. 21The pattern of reactivity of the AMA
Folic acid fortification and congenital heart disease
Authors: H. M Gardiner, J.-C. Fouron
Journal: BMJ (2009)

More effective interventions are needed to target women of child bearing age 

In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.b1673), Ionescu-Ittu and colleagues investigate whether the 1998 government policy for mandatory fortification of flour and pasta products with folate reduced the prevalence of severe congenital heart disease at birth in Quebec, Canada.1 In 1997 the Teratology Society recommended folic acid supplementation to reduce the risk of neural tube defects through the fortification of staple foods. The aim was to ensure that 95% of women of child bearing age received 0.4 mg folic acid daily, with an additional 0.4 mg for those planning a pregnancy.2 Although the potential role of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube defects was reported as early as 1980, public health campaigns resulted in preconception supplementation in only a third of pregnant women.3

The fortification policy was influenced by a Hungarian trial that reported a 90% reduction in primary neural tube defects in pregnancies supplemented by periconceptional multivitamins containing 0.8 mg folic acid.4 Canada initiated mandatory food fortification in 1998, and fortification of wheat flour is currently practised in 67 countries (47 in response …
alpha 2-Antiplasmin Enschede: dysfunctional alpha 2-antiplasmin molecule associated with an autosomal recessive hemorrhagic disorder.
Authors: C Kluft, H K Nieuwenhuis, D C Rijken, E Groeneveld, G Wijngaards, W van Berkel, G Dooijewaard, J J Sixma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

alpha 2-Antiplasmin (alpha 2-AP) is a major fibrinolysis inhibitor, whose complete, congenital absence has been found to be associated with a distinct hemorrhagic diathesis. We studied a 15-yr-old male with a hemorrhagic diathesis after trauma from early childhood on. This bleeding tendency was associated with a minimal alpha 2-AP level recorded functionally in the immediate plasmin inhibition test: less than or equal to 4% of normal. However, a normal plasma concentration of alpha 2-AP antigen (83%) was found. His sister (5 yr old) showed similar results (2 and 92%). In their family, eight heterozygotes could be identified by half-normal activity results and normal antigen concentrations. The inheritance pattern is autosomal recessive. On analysis, the alpha 2-AP of the propositus was homogeneous in all respects tested, suggesting a homozygous defect. We designated the abnormal alpha 2-AP as alpha 2-AP Enschede. alpha 2-AP Enschede showed the following characteristics: (a) complete immunological identity with normal alpha 2-AP; (b) normal molecular weight (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis); (c) normal alpha-electrophoretic mobility; (d) presence in plasma of both molecular forms excluding an excessive conversion to the less reactive non-plasminogen-binding form; (e) quantitatively normal binding to lys-plasminogen and to immobilized plasminogen kringle 1-3; and (f) normal Factor XIII-mediated binding to fibrin. Functional abnormalities were found in: (i) no inhibition of amidolytic activities of plasmin and trypsin, even on prolonged incubation; (ii) no formation of plasmin-antiplasmin complexes in plasma with plasmin added in excess; and (iii) no inhibition of fibrinolysis by fibrin-bound alpha 2-AP. In the heterozygotes, the presence of abnormal alpha 2-AP did not interfere with several functions of the residual normal alpha 2-AP. One-dimensional peptide mapping showed an abnormal pattern of papain digestion. We conclude that in this family, abnormal antiplasmin molecules, defective in plasmin inhibition but with normal plasminogen-binding properties, have been inherited. The residual plasminogen-binding properties do not protect against a hemorrhagic diathesis.
Pulse Oximetry Monitoring outside the Intensive Care Unit: Progress or Problem?
Authors: David L. Bowton, Phillip E. Scuderi, Lynn Harris, Edward F. Haponik
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

To evaluate the use of continuous pulse oximetry monitoring in general care units.Hemoglobin oxygen saturation data collected prospectively by use of pulse oximetry with concurrent review of the medical record.General medical-surgical nursing units in a large, tertiary care university hospital.Forty patients on two nursing units monitored with continuous, bedside pulse oximetry at the request of their primary physicians.All patients had continuous pulse oximetry monitoring. A research associate visited the bedside two or three times daily and recorded saturation compared with time data from the previous 8.75 hours. Patients were studied for 36 hours or until pulse oximetry monitoring was discontinued. Episodes of desaturation were counted. Patient charts were reviewed for documentation of desaturation in either nursing or physician notes. Orders adjusting oxygen therapy or other respiratory therapy within 12 hours of any desaturation episode were also recorded.Thirty of the 40 patients (75%) had at least one episode of desaturation to less than 90%; 23 (58%) had at least one episode to less than 85%. Desaturation episodes were documented in nursing notes for only 33% of those patients who desaturated to less than 90% and in physician notes in only 7% of cases. Changes in respiratory therapy were ordered in 20% of patients who desaturated to less than 90% and in only 26% who desaturated to less than 85%.Despite their repeated occurrence, episodes of hypoxemia were rarely documented in either nursing or physician notes. Further, even in patients who had episodic desaturation, pulse oximetry monitoring had little effect on changes in physician-directed respiratory care.
Sensitivity and specificity of assessing coronary bypass graft patency with ultrafast computed tomography: Results of a multicenter study
Authors: William Stanford, Bruce H. Brundage, Robert MacMillan, Eva v. Chomka, Timothy M. Bateman, W.Jay Eldredge, Martin J. Lipton, Carl W. White, Robert F. Wilson, Maryl R. Johnson, Melvin L. Marcus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Pathological Study of the Liver in Kwashiorkor
Authors: N. K. Chanda
Journal: BMJ (1958)

<b>Objectives:</b> (<i>a</i>) To identify whether differences exist in the pattern of recovery with respect to functional outcomes for acutely ruptured anterior cruciate ligament deficient (ACLD) copers, adapters, and non-copers. (<i>b</i>) To identify clinically relevant outcomes that could distinguish between three functional subgroups. <b>Methods:</b> A longitudinal study was used to measure gait variables and distance hop at regular intervals after injury using a digital camcorder and computer for quantitative analysis. A sample of 63 ACLD subjects entered the study; 42 subjects were measured at least three times. At 12–36 months after injury, subjects were classified as functional copers, adapters, or non-copers on the basis of which of their preinjury activities they had resumed. To determine the pattern of recovery, repeated measurements were analysed using a least squares fit of the data. <b>Results:</b> 17% of ACLD subjects were classified as functional copers, 45% as adapters, and 38% as non-copers. Only 5% of those who participated in high demand activities before injury returned to them. ACLD copers had recovered above the control mean for all gait variables by 40 days after the injury. Hopping distance did not recover to the control mean. Non-copers struggled to recover to control limits and remained borderline for all the gait variables. <b>Conclusions:</b> Distinctive patterns of functional recovery for three subgroups of ACLD subjects have been identified. Gait variables and activity level before injury were the most useful variables for distinguishing between the subgroups. If potential for recovery is identified early after injury, then appropriate treatment can be given.
Is a picture really worth a 1000 words?
Authors: E. R. Gerstner
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

One of the biggest challenges in glioma management is accurately tracking tumor response to treatment. While direct tissue assessment might be ideal, repeat surgery is not always feasible and subject to sampling error. Consequently, MRI (or less ideally CT) is the surrogate tool for tracking changes in tumor in response to therapy. However, there are clear limitations to MRI which, in reality, is just a picture and we do not always know what biological process or processes that picture symbolizes.
Oral Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor in Long-Term Treatment of Hypertensive Patients
Authors: HANS R. BRUNNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The antihypertensive effect of the orally active angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor Captopril (SQ 14225) was assessed in 22 hypertensive patients of whom 17 were followed for periods ranging from 1 to 7 months. Of these, eight had essential hypertension, eight had renovascular hypertension, and six had hypertension associated with chronic renal failure. Blood pressure decreased markedly in all patients, including those with low renin levels. Nevertheless, the magnitude of blood pressure reduction correlated with the base-line plasma renin activity (r = 0.58, P < 0.01). Increasing the dose of Captopril from 25 to 200 mg did not enhance the amplitude of the antihypertensive effect but did increase its duration. Patients' blood pressure remained well controlled and free of side-effects with a maximal daily dose of up to 200 mg by mouth twice daily. Despite the blood pressure reduction, sodium excretion tended to increase, probably because of reduced aldosterone secretion. There was no evidence of orthostatic hypotension, and no escape from the antihypertensive effect was observed. These results indicate that chronic inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme with an orally active compound offers a new, efficient, and well-tolerated approach to the treatment of hypertension.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and the kell blood groups
Authors: W. Laurence Marsh, Ragnhild Øyen, Edith Alicea, Meredith Linter, Susan Horton
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract Approximately one in 250 people with autoimmunity involving their red cells have IgG autoantibodies with specificity in the Kell blood groups. Red cells of these individuals have an acquired temporary weakening of their Kell antigens. Some of the patients also have allo‐anti‐K in their serum. This report presents a case in which an IgG autoantibody may define a new high‐incidence red cell antigen related to the Kell blood groups. The patient's Kell blood group antigens are depressed, and his serum contains allo‐anti‐K. It is postulated that reduced red cell Kell antigenicity is caused by enzymatic degradation, possibly of bacterial origin, and that the acquired loss of Kell antigens, the Kell‐specific autoimmune state, and the serum allo‐anti‐K, are all related aspects of one phenomenon.
Francis Brett Young
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

FRANCIS Brett Young had a wide reading public on both sides of the Atlantic and will be remembered as a popular and prolific writer, rather than as a practicing physician. Nevertheless, he had a strong medical tradition behind him and was actively engaged in practice for a number of years. He was born in 1884 into a medical household. His mother came from a Midland medical family, and his father was a general practitioner at Halesowen in Worcestershire. This became the "Halesby" of his novels and was only a few miles from his "North Bromwich," which was Birmingham.As a . . .
Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Disability in an Industrial Town
Authors: I. T. T. Higgins, P. D. Oldham, A. L. Cochrane, J. C. Gilson
Journal: BMJ (1956)

SARCOIDOSIS MEDICAL JOURNAL(3) Patients with sarcoidosis do not require sanatorium treatment with its unwarranted exposure to tuberculosis and the associated psychological trauma.The patient should be speedily rehabilitated to his normal occupation even when receiving steroid hormones.(4) The majority of patients enjoy a spontaneous and permanent remission without treatment.The cortisone group of drugs have undesirable side-effects and should be reserved for the minority with a definite indication.(5) When sarcoidosis is suspected, histological confirma- tion should be sought by all available means.This applies especially to the patient with bilateral hilar lymphadeno- pathy in whom malignant reticulosis may be confused with sarcoidosis and unnecessary radiotherapy contemplated. SummaryOne hundred and fifty cases are described in which clinical or radiological features of sarcoidosis were sup- ported by histological evidence of sarcoid tissue.Diverse modes of presentation include intrathoracic, cutaneous, ophthalmic, glandular, hepatic, renal, and cerebral mani- festations.Radiological and immunological aids to diagnosis are discussed.Histological evidence of sarcoid tissue remains the most satisfactory confirmation of the disease.In 100 patients it was obtained by biopsy of lymph node, skin, liver, or other affected tissues, and the Kveim test was positive in 83 of 110 subjects examined.Antituberculous drugs did not affect the course of the disease and need not be given routinely.In the early stages the cortisone group of drugs have a bene- ficial effect on the clinical, radiological, and histological changes.Results of treatment are disappointing in the chronic fibrotic stage.Steroid treatment is given only when specifically indicated and is directed towards the prevention of these late sequelae.I am grateful to Dr. H. L. Marriott and Professor A. Kekwick for theii constant support and advice and to other clinicians who have referred patients.I am indebted to Dr. Louis Siltzbach,
Survival From In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Interposed Abdominal Counterpulsation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: J B Sack, M B Kesselbrenner, D Bregman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether interposed abdominal counterpulsation (IAC) during standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves outcome in patients experiencing in-hospital cardiac arrest. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —Randomized controlled trial in a university-affiliated hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Patients experiencing in-hospital cardiac arrest during a 6-month period. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Patients were randomized to receive either IAC during CPR or standard CPR in the event of cardiac arrest. Abdominal compressions were performed during the relaxation phase of chest compression, corresponding to CPR diastole, at a rate of 80/min to 100/min. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The three end points studied were (1) return of spontaneous circulation, (2) survival 24 hours after resuscitation, and (3) survival to hospital discharge. In addition, we examined neurological outcome in those patients surviving to hospital discharge. <h3>Results.</h3> —During the study period there were 135 resuscitation attempts in 103 patients. Return of spontaneous circulation was significantly greater in the group receiving IAC during CPR than in the group receiving standard CPR (51% vs 27%,<i>P</i>=.007). At hospital discharge, a significantly greater proportion of patients was alive in the IAC group than in the control group (25% vs 7%,<i>P</i>=.02). Eight (17%) of 48 patients who received IAC during CPR survived to hospital discharge neurologically intact, compared with only three (6%) of 55 patients from the standard CPR group (not significant). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —We conclude that the addition of IAC to standard CPR may improve meaningful survival following in-hospital cardiac arrest. The optimal use of this technique awaits further clinical trials. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:379-385)
A retinoic acid–dependent checkpoint in the development of CD4+ T cell–mediated immunity
Authors: Karina Pino-Lagos, Yanxia Guo, Chrysothemis Brown, Matthew P. Alexander, Raúl Elgueta, Kathryn A. Bennett, Victor De Vries, Elizabeth Nowak, Rune Blomhoff, Shanthini Sockanathan, Roshantha A. Chandraratna, Ethan Dmitrovsky, Randolph J. Noelle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

It is known that vitamin A and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), are essential for host defense. However, the mechanisms for how RA controls inflammation are incompletely understood. The findings presented in this study show that RA signaling occurs concurrent with the development of inflammation. In models of vaccination and allogeneic graft rejection, whole body imaging reveals that RA signaling is temporally and spatially restricted to the site of inflammation. Conditional ablation of RA signaling in T cells significantly interferes with CD4+ T cell effector function, migration, and polarity. These findings provide a new perspective of the role of RA as a mediator directly controlling CD4+ T cell differentiation and immunity.
Joseph Francis McGarity
Authors: L. McGarity
Journal: BMJ (2010)

This exploratory, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, multicentre, cross-over study explored the effect of 6 weeks of treatment with tiotropium/olodaterol (T/O) versus fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (F/S) on left ventricular filling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with functional residual capacity (FRC) &gt;120% predicted and postbronchodilator improvement of FRC ≥7.5%. Overall, 76 patients were randomised across nine sites. Treatment with T/O or F/S increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume index from baseline (adjusted mean change: T/O: 2.317 mL/m<sup>2</sup>, F/S: 2.855 mL/m<sup>2</sup>), with no statistically significant difference between treatments. However, T/O resulted in a significantly greater reduction in lung hyperinflation versus F/S (FRC plethysmography absolute change from baseline: F/S: –0.329 L, T/O: –0.581 L).
Pregnancy and Renal Disease
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Of all the medical disorders that add risk to pregnancy, renal disease has long ranked among those most feared by physicians. Not only are the renal and vascular manifestations of preeclampsia the most common medical complication of pregnancy, affecting 5 to 7 percent of previously healthy women, but also intrapartum worsening of renal function, along with increased fetal morbidity and mortality, has been the fate of a large proportion of pregnant women with underlying diseases of the kidney, at least in the past.1 Careful longitudinal studies of large numbers of women with varying degrees of renal impairment are necessary to . . .