tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LONGITUDINAL STENT DEFORMATION: QUANTITATIVE CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS FROM THE PERSEUS WH AND PLATINUM WH RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Dean J. Kereiakes, Louis Cannon, David Kandzari, Carey Kimmelstiel, Ian Meredith, Jeffrey Popma, Gregg Stone, Paul Teirstein, Stefan Verheye, Dominic Allocco, Keith Dawkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Parental Smoking and Airway Reactivity in Healthy Infants
Authors: Robert S. Tepper, Tamica Williams-Nkomo, Tanya Martinez, Jeff Kisling, Cathy Coates, Joanne Daggy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Parental tobacco smoking is associated with lower airway function and an increased incidence of wheezy respiratory illnesses in infants. We evaluated in 76 healthy infants whether exposure to parental tobacco smoking was associated with airway hyperreactivity, which could contribute to lower airway function and the increased wheezy illnesses. Airway function was measured using the raised-volume rapid thoracic compression technique, and airway reactivity was assessed by methacholine challenge (0.015-10 mg/ml), which was stopped for a more than 30% decrease in forced expiratory flow (FEF)(75) or the final dose with a less than 30% decrease. Parental tobacco smoking was associated with lower baseline airway function (FEF(50), 600 vs. 676 ml/second, p < 0.04; FEF(25-75), 531 vs. 597 ml/second, p < 0.05). Infants exposed to tobacco smoking were approximately half as likely to develop a more than 30% decline in FEF(75) at any given methacholine dose (hazard ratio = 0.4, p = 0.001). In addition, a history of asthma in an extended family member increased the likelihood that an infant would develop a more than 30% decline in FEF(75) (hazard ratio = 1.7, p = 0.04). We conclude that exposure to parental smoking is associated with lower airway function but not increased airway reactivity; however, family history of asthma is associated with heightened airway reactivity.
Private practice in the NHS
Authors: J. Aitken, F M Andrews, H J Andrews, D J Arkle, A M. Barr, T B Boulton, G A Burfield, P. H Coldwell, J V Dadswell, P. R H Davis, R W Emmerson, D Foskett, G Foubister, F Hampson, E Hemsted, K G Isaacson, A J Karlish, J A L Kircher, D L Mackenzie, R T Martin, N. Morton-Gore, B W Pay, D G Price, D G H Stone, T C Taylor, K B. Thomas, K. Tilling, D Waite, C. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1975)
Bilateral Lymphoepithelioma of the Tonsils
Authors: Jacob I. Haft, Lewis E. Braverman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

CANCER of the tonsil comprises 1.2 to 3.0 per cent of all malignant neoplasms and 8 to 10 per cent of primary cancers in the upper airway.1 2 3 It is frequently asymptomatic until the tumor enlarges and causes pressure symptoms or a superimposed acute or chronic tonsillitis occurs.4 , 5 When one is treating acute or chronic tonsillitis in the elderly, the possibility of a tonsillar cancer should be considered even though the infection is bilateral. It is well known that lymphatic leukemia and lymphosarcoma may result in bilateral tonsillar enlargement.6 To our knowledge, this is the first case of lymphoepithelioma presenting simultaneous . . .
THE YOKOHAMA EARTHQUAKE: SOME MEDICAL EXPERIENCES
Authors: M. L. Young
Journal: BMJ (1923)

IT may be of interest to relate some experienices of the recent earthquake in Yokohama, Japan, from a medical point of view.Descriptions of the catastrophe have reached the press over and o-er again, and it is unnecessary to repeat them.The loss of life has not, and cannot be estimated; the fact that the first shock occurred at a time when cooking was in progress for the midday meal un- doubtedly added to the casualities, being responisible for the countless cases of severe burns, so many of which ended
GPs are failing to follow national guidance on antibiotic prescribing, says study
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The likelihood of GPs prescribing antibiotics for coughs and colds rose by 40% from 1999 to 2011, despite a push by the government to reduce the amount of antibiotics prescribed for viral illnesses, research published in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy has shown.1 

The highest prescribing practices were twice as likely to hand over a prescription for coughs and colds as the lowest prescribers, the findings showed. The researchers, from Public Health England and University College London, concluded that GPs needed to improve their antibiotic prescribing patterns.

Specific recommendations on better prescribing by GPs were first made by …
Rebuttal from Authors re: Günter Janetschek. Radioisotope-Guided Lymph Node Dissection for Prostate Cancer: Potential and Limitations. Eur Urol 2008;53:16–8, and Eric A. Klein, Michael Kattan, Andrew Stephenson and Andrew Vickers. How Many Lymphadenectomies Does it Take to Cure One Patient? Eur Urol 2008;53:13–5
Authors: Agostino Mattei, Urs E. Studer
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Alpha-Methyldopa and Hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Jack M. Colwill, Arthur M. Dutton, James Morrissey, Paul N. Yu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

ALPHA-methyldopa, a drug that has been shown to inhibit the decarboxylation of aromatic-L-amino acids and to deplete tissue stores of norepinephrine, was first reported to have hypotensive effects in man by Oates et al.1 in 1960. Since that time many workers have confirmed this effect in patients with varying degrees of systemic hypertension.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 To date, however, only one study2 has compared the hypotensive effects of alpha-methyldopa with other hypotensive agents under controlled conditions. The purpose of this paper is to report our findings comparing the hypotensive effects of this drug and hydrochlorothiazide, alone and in combination, with the use of . . .
Problems in Renal Homotransplantation
Authors: Thomas E. Starzl, Thomas L. Marchioro, Robert S. Brittain, Joseph H. Holmes, William R. Waddell
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Since NOVEMBER, 1962, 12 renal homografting procedures, exclusive of a previously reported isograft<sup>1</sup>between identical twins, have been performed at the University of Colorado Medical Center. During this period numerous observations have been made which bear on various aspects of the complex care of these patients, including (a) technical refinements in the procurement, preservation, and implantation of the kidneys, (b) selection of donor sources, and (c) prevention, recognition, and reversal of the rejection process. An evaluation of the early results in these cases provides hope that renal homografts may be performed with a higher success rate than previously thought possible. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3><h3>Case Material.—</h3> The cases have been divided into two categories (Table). The first group of ten patients received homografts from living donors. The second group consisted of two patients for whom the renal homografts were obtained from recently deceased cadavers. The patients were all males ranging
Molecular cloning of a glibenclamide-sensitive, voltage-gated potassium channel expressed in rabbit kidney.
Authors: X Yao, A Y Chang, E L Boulpaep, A S Segal, G V Desir
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Shaker genes encode voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv). We have shown previously that genes from Shaker subfamilies Kv1.1, 1.2, 1.4 are expressed in rabbit kidney. Recent functional and molecular evidence indicate that the predominant potassium conductance of the kidney medullary cell line GRB-PAP1 is composed of Shaker-like potassium channels. We now report the molecular cloning and functional expression of a new Shaker-related voltage-gated potassium channel, rabKv1.3, that is expressed in rabbit brain and kidney medulla. The protein, predicted to be 513 amino acids long, is most closely related to the Kv1.3 family although it differs significantly from other members of that family at the amino terminus. In Xenopus oocytes, rabKv1.3 cRNA expresses a voltage activated K current with kinetic characteristics similar to other members of the Kv1.3 family. However, unlike previously described Shaker channels, it is sensitive to glibenclamide and its single channel conductance saturates. This is the first report of the functional expression of a voltage-gated K channel clone expressed in kidney. We conclude that rabKv1.3 is a novel member of the Shaker superfamily that may play an important role in renal potassium transport.
A fishy tale: trout borne Aeromonas hydrophila septicaemia.
Authors: M Farrington, H H Gray
Journal: BMJ (1983)

fluid protein and glucose concentrations were 0 7 g/l and 0 3 mmol/l (5 4 mg/ 100 ml) respectively (serum glucose concentration was 5-2 mmol/l (94 mg/ 100 ml), and Gram staining showed numerous Gram negative coccobacilli.Culture yielded a profuse growth of H influenzae type b, and this was sensi- tive to sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and latamoxef and resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol by the comparative method of disc diffusion.Resistance to ampicillin was confirmed by demonstrating production of 3 lactamase (Intralactam Strip, Mast Laboratories).Resistance to chloram- phenicol was reported the following day after it had been rechecked.A further sample of cerebrospinal fluid obtained on day 3 showed no change from the initial sample, but a sample obtained on day 4 (after treatment had been changed) contained only 0 435 X 109 white blood cells/l, and culture yielded no growth.Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the drugs were ampicillin 128 mg/l, chloramphenicol 12 mg/l, and latamoxef 0-06 mg/l.An inoculum of 105 colony forming units was used, and the medium was Levinthal's.Chloram- phenicol acetyltransferase production was shown by the method of Slack et al.3Throat swabs were taken from family contacts but failed to yield a growth of H influenzae.
Abstract 3673: AMPK-SIRT1 axis: a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer management.
Authors: Guiming Li, Paul Rivas, Roble Bedolla, Robert L. Reddick, Rita Ghosh, Addanki P. Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Recently we have shown that resveratrol (RES) intervention prevents development of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplastic (HGPIN) lesions in prostate-specific PTEN knockout mouse model targeting SIRT1/mTORC1 axis. It is known that insufficient nutrient supply combined with high proliferation keeps solid tumors including prostate under hypoxic and metabolic stress. Tumor cells adapt to survive under such conditions through activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). AMPK has been reported to be activated in prostate tumors. Therefore targeting AMPK and associated signaling pathways will be a promising approach for prostate cancer management. Accordingly we investigated the role of AMPK in RES-induced growth inhibitory effects using multiple human prostate cancer cell lines and preclinical animal model. These data show that RES treatment (50 μM, 24 h) results in activation of SIRT1, significant inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation and cell survival in human prostate cancer cells (RWPE-1, LNCaP, C42B and DU145). The observed molecular changes were associated with induction of apoptosis and autophagy following treatment with RES. Further dietary administration of RES (0.1 and 2%) to 4-5 week old prostate-specific PTEN knockout mice for 11 and 14 weeks showed prevention of HGPIN development. Interestingly intervention for 7 weeks showed prevention of HGPIN development at lower dose but not at high dose. On the other hand, 28-week intervention had no significant effect on the development of HGPIN lesions. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed modulation of AMPK, pS6K and SIRT1 in the prostate. Overall these data provide novel insights into RES-induced prevention of HGPIN development via AMPK/SIRT1/mTORC1 axis. Supported in part by NIH (CA 137518 and 135451 APK). Citation Format: Guiming Li, Paul Rivas, Roble Bedolla, Robert L. Reddick, Rita Ghosh, Addanki P. Kumar. AMPK-SIRT1 axis: a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer management. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3673. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3673
Neutropenia and Hypogammaglobulinemia in Propionic Acidemia
Authors: M.H. Land, R.L. Roberts
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)

Propionic acidemia is an inherited disorder of organic acid metabolism characterized by a defect of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) which is required for the catabolism of isoleucine and valine. Patients with propionic acidemia present with a wide spectrum of findings including recurrent episodes of metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia, often precipitated by infection. Typical acute presentations may include poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, hypotonia, seizures, and coma. Treatment focuses on appropriate dietary protein intake, adequate hydration during acute episodes, and prevention of infections. Immune deficiency with propionic acidemia has been described in the literature and usually affects humoral immunity, but can also present as cytopenias including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphopenia. The mechanism of poor granulopoiesis is thought to be from inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor growth by elevated levels of propionate or other toxic metabolites. We describe a patient with propionic acidemia who had a history of chronic sinus and urinary tract infections, and was found to have an IgG level of 250 mg/dL. She was started on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Levels normalized once she received regular infusions. Seven months later, she was found to have neutropenia. Treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was initiated because of a serious cutaneous infection and an elective port-a-cath surgery. Following the G-CSF, she had a rapid improvement of her absolute neutrophil count (ANC) from 300 to 5000 cells per microliter overnight. Over the next week, her ANC increased to 10600. In patients with organic acidemias, it may be increasingly important to investigate the possibility of immune deficiency.
Serum Lipid and Fat Tolerance Studies in Normal, Obese and Atherosclerotic Subjects
Authors: JULIUS POMERANZE, WILLIAM H. BEINFIELD, MAX CHESSIN
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Fat tolerance tests demonstrated elevated and prolonged postprandial lipemia in markedly obese, hypercholesteremic, and atherosclerotic subjects when compared with normal individuals. An improvement of this abnormal fat tolerance was achieved following rigid fat restriction in hypercholesteremic and atherosclerotic subjects and following weight reduction in the extremely obese. An inferential relationship is suggested between extreme obesity and atherosclerosis.
Aerobic Capacity in Patients Entering Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Philip A. Ades, Patrick D. Savage, Clinton A. Brawner, Caroline E. Lyon, Jonathan K. Ehrman, Janice Y. Bunn, Steven J. Keteyian
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Symptom-limited treadmill testing is commonly performed on entry to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for its prognostic value and to design a safe and effective exercise program. Normative values for this evaluation are not available. The primary goals of this study were to establish normative values for peak aerobic capacity (peak V(O2)) for patients entering CR and to create nomograms for conversion of peak V(O2) to a percentage of predicted exercise capacity,stratified by age, gender, and diagnosis.Peak V(O2) was measured in 2896 patients entering CR from 1996 to 2004. Peak V(O2) was higher in men than in women: 19.3 +/- 6.1 mL.kg(-1).min(-1) (range, 5.2 to 49.7 mL.kg(-1).min(-1)) versus 14.5 +/- 3.9 mL.kg(-1).min(-1) (range, 3.8 to 29.8 mL.kg(-1).min(-1)) (P < 0.0001). Peak V(O2) decreased steadily with age with a greater rate of decline in men than women (0.242 versus 0.116 mL.kg(-1).min(-1) per year) (P < 0.01). Factors associated with lower peak V(O2) include coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), angina at stress testing, hypertension,and, in women, beta-blocking medications. Nomograms are presented for individual values to be compared with mean values by age, gender, and cardiac diagnosis. These include a nomogram to convert estimated maximal metabolic equivalents to actual peak V(O2) for patients who do not undergo direct measurement of peak V(O2).Values of peak V(O2) on entry to CR are extremely low, particularly in women, approaching values seen with severe chronic heart failure. This underscores the importance of CR after a major cardiac event to improve physical function and long-term prognosis.
Collaboration to overcome barriers in primary care
Authors: T. Kramer, S. Iliffe, L. Miller, J. Gledhill, E. Garralda
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Thapar and colleagues’ review of managing and preventing depression in adolescents highlights primary care’s role in detection and initial management and alludes to pragmatic psychosocial approaches.1 However, attempts to increase the involvement of primary care are impeded by concerns about medicalising depression, which means that psychological problems are not explored even when …
Therapeutic Targeting of the Cyclin D3:CDK4/6 Complex in T Cell Leukemia
Authors: Catherine M. Sawai, Jacquelyn Freund, Philmo Oh, Delphine Ndiaye-Lobry, Jamieson C. Bretz, Alexandros Strikoudis, Lali Genesca, Thomas Trimarchi, Michelle A. Kelliher, Marcus Clark, Jean Soulier, Selina Chen-Kiang, Iannis Aifantis
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)
Induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes and generation of protein-aldehyde adducts are associated with sex-dependent sensitivity to alcohol-induced liver disease in micropigs
Authors: Onni Niemelä, Seppo Parkkila, Markku Pasanen, Katja Viitala, Jesus A. Villanueva, Charles H. Halsted
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

To assess possible links between ethanol-induced oxidant stress, expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, and sex steroid status, we used immunohistochemical methods to compare the generation of protein adducts of acetaldehyde (AA), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) with the amounts of CYP2E1, CYP2A, and CYP3A in the livers of castrated and noncastrated male micropigs fed ethanol for 12 months. In castrated micropigs, ethanol feeding resulted in accumulation of fat, hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation, and centrilobular fibrosis, whereas only minimal histopathology was observed in their noncastrated counterparts. CYP2A and CYP3A were more prominent in the castrated animals than in the noncastrated micropigs. Ethanol feeding increased the hepatic content of all CYP forms. The most significant increases occurred in CYP2E1 and CYP3A in the noncastrated animals and in CYP2E1 and CYP2A in the castrated animals. Ethanol-fed castrated animals also showed the greatest abundance of perivenular adducts of AA, MDA, and HNE. In the noncastrated ethanol-fed micropigs a low expression of each CYP form was associated with scant evidence of aldehyde-protein adducts. Significant correlations emerged between the levels of different CYP forms, protein adducts, and plasma levels of sex steroids. The present findings indicate that the generation of protein-aldehyde adducts is associated with the induction of several cytochrome enzymes in a sex steroid-dependent manner. It appears that the premature, juvenile, metabolic phenotype, as induced by castration, favors liver damage. The present findings should be implicated in studies on the gender differences on the adverse effects of ethanol in the liver.
Atherosclerosis impairs flow-mediated dilation of coronary arteries in humans.
Authors: D A Cox, J A Vita, C B Treasure, R D Fish, R W Alexander, P Ganz, A P Selwyn
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Studies in animals have suggested that increases in blood flow result in dilation of large arteries by an endothelium-dependent mechanism. Atherosclerosis can impair endothelium-dependent vasodilation to vasoactive agents. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not large coronary arteries in humans exhibit dilation with increases in blood flow and to test the hypothesis that this response is impaired in the presence of atherosclerosis. Graded concentrations of adenosine were infused into the distal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery to test the dilator response of the proximal LAD to increases in blood flow. The proximal LAD was thereby exposed to changes in blood flow, but not directly to adenosine. Ten patients with angiographically smooth proximal LAD segments (group 1) and seven patients with irregularities in the proximal LAD consistent with mild atherosclerosis (group 2) were studied. Infusions of adenosine throughout the range of 0.022 to 2.2 mg/min into the LAD produced a dose-dependent increase in estimated coronary blood flow and a mean increase of 305 +/- 27% at 2.2 mg/min adenosine. At 2.2 mg/min adenosine, a striking difference (p less than 0.001) occurred between the significant flow-mediated dilation of the proximal LAD observed in group 1 (+13.2 +/- 1.3% from 2.63 +/- 0.16 mm, p less than 0.001), and the lack of dilation in group 2 (+1.8 +/- 1.5% from 3.20 +/- 0.17 mm, p = NS), despite a greater increase in coronary blood flow in group 2 (+387 +/- 29%) than in group 1 (+230 +/- 36%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dissociation of Lung Function Changes with Humoral Immunity during Inhaled Human Insulin Therapy
Authors: John G. Teeter, Richard J. Riese
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Inhaled human insulin (INH; Exubera [human insulin (recombinant DNA origin) Inhalation Powder]) causes small changes in pulmonary function and increases in insulin antibodies compared with subcutaneous (SC) insulin.To investigate the relationship between changes in pulmonary function and insulin antibodies and acute effects of INH on lung function.In a 24-wk multicenter study, 226 patients with type 1 diabetes were randomized to receive daily premeal INH or SC insulin for 12 wk (comparative phase), followed by SC insulin for 12 wk (washout phase).Spirometry tests were conducted and insulin antibody levels were measured throughout the study. Acute insulin-induced changes in lung function were calculated as the difference between FEV1 before, and 10 and 60 min after, insulin.There was a temporal dissociation between pulmonary function changes and insulin antibody generation. Small treatment group differences in changes in FEV1 from baseline, favoring SC insulin, were fully manifest by 2 wk of INH therapy, did not increase during the remainder of the comparative phase, and resolved within 2 wk of INH discontinuation. By contrast, insulin antibody levels remained low for the first 2 wk with INH, increased during Weeks 2 to 12, and gradually declined during washout. There was no evidence of acute insulin-induced alterations in lung function 10 and 60 min postinhalation.The small lung function changes observed with INH therapy are not mediated by the humoral immune response, or associated with acute decrements in lung function immediately after insulin inhalation.
Cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: S Gay, S Kuchen, R E Gay, M Neidhart
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Synovial fibroblasts represent an important source of matrix degrading enzymes mediating joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.1 In our search for new pathways for the activation of synovial fibroblasts we have detected endogenous retroviral sequences, like the line 1 element (L1).2

To study the functional …