tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perchlorate Test in Hyperthyroid Patients Treated with Radioactive Iodine
Authors: Julio Kieffer, G. A. Medeiros-Neto, Roberto Rueda, Rômulo Ribeiro Pieroni, Antonio Coelho Neto, Luiz Lopez Campusano, Antonio B. Ulhôa Cintra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

IN view of an early thyroid uptake (two hours) relatively higher than that of twenty-four hours in some of our patients treated with radioactive iodine we decided to use the perchlorate test, as a means of ascertaining the integrity of the enzymatic systems responsible for the organification of iodine in this class of patients.This study was carried out in 48 hyperthyroid patients treated with radioactive iodine (I131) who, when the perchlorate test was performed, could be classified on clinical and laboratory grounds as follows: Group A, 22 euthyroid patients treated five to thirty months previously; Group B, 5 . . .
Acute Yellow-Phosphorus Poisoning
Authors: Bernardo Rodríguez-Iturbe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Acute yellow-phosphorus intoxication has ceased to be a problem in the United States for some time. In Latin American countries, however, small epidemics tend to follow the Christmas and Independence Day celebrations, since the phosphorus-containing firecrackers constitute a cheap and accessible poison to use for suicidal purposes. Adolescent girls are specially addicted to this mode of self-destruction.The clinical picture of the intoxication varies in severity from the very acute case with death within 24 hours to the patients who present the three classic stages described over 20 years ago.1 The difference in the course is largely determined by the . . .
Roles of tyrosine kinases in the regulation of nitric oxide synthesis in murine liver cells: Modulation of NF-?B activity by tyrosine kinases
Authors: B Lee, H Kang, K Pyun, I Choi
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is upregulated during chronic hepatic inflammation. The present study characterized the mechanisms involved in the induction of NO production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in murine embryonic liver cell line, BNL CL.2 cells. No production by BNL CL.2 cells was induced by interferon- r (IFN- r ) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, other inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-6 had no additional effects on it. The stimulatory effects of IFN- r and LPS were time- and dose-dependent. NO secretion was inhibited by treatment with inducible NOS inhibitors such as NG-monomethyl L-arginine, N G -amino-L-arginine, and diphenylene iodonium. iNOS mRNA was induced 3 hours after IFN- r plus LPS treatment, and iNOS expression was maximal in the presence of IFN- r and LPS. The protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as genistein and tyrphostin reduced IFN- r plus LPS-induced iNOS mRNA expression and NO production. In contrast, the inhibitors of protein kinase C, protein kinase A, and protein phosphatases did not affect iNOS expression induced by IFN- r plus LPS. In addition, iNOS mRNA expression was completely blocked by treatment with tyrphostin. However, mRNA expression of an early response gene, JunB, and constitutively expressed genes β-actin and GAPDH were not inhibited by tyrphostin. Furthermore, tyrphostin inhibited the promoter activation of iNOS gene induced by IFN-γ plus LPS, and it also suppressed IFN-γ plus LPS-induced nuclear factor-κ B-binding activity but not AP-1-binding activity. These results suggest that NO production and iNOS mRNA expression in this cell line is dependent on protein tyrosine kinases but does not require protein kinase C, protein kinase A, or protein phosphatases.
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Modulates Survival of High Glucose–Stressed Mesangial Cells
Authors: Chun-Liang Lin, Jeng-Yi Wang, Yu-Ting Huang, Yu-Hsia Kuo, Kameswaran Surendran, Feng-Sheng Wang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Glomerulosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy are attributable to high glucose induction of mesangial cell apoptosis. Whereas Wnt signaling has been found to regulate renal morphogenesis and pathogenesis, the biologic role of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in controlling high glucose-induced mesangial cell apoptosis is not well defined. Herein is reported that Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for protecting glomerular mesangial cells from high glucose-mediated cell apoptosis. High glucose downregulated Wnt4 and Wnt5a expression and the subsequent nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, whereas it increased glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and caspase-3 activities and apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells. Suppression of GSK-3beta activation or increase in nuclear beta-catenin by transfection of Wnt4 or Wnt5a or stable beta-catenin (S33Y) reversed Akt activation and reduced the high glucose-mediated caspase-3 cleavage and cell apoptosis. Pharmacologic inhibition of GSK-3beta by recombinant Wnt5a or bromoindirubin-3'-oxime or LiCl increased Akt phosphorylation and beta-catenin translocation and abrogated high glucose-mediated proapoptotic activities. Exogenous bromoindirubin-3'-oxime treatment reduced phospho-Ser(9)-GSK-3beta and beta-catenin expression and apoptosis of cells adjacent to glomeruli in diabetic kidneys and attenuated urinary protein secretion in diabetic rats. Taken together, mesangial cells responded to high glucose by impairing that canonical Wnt pathway to increase proapoptotic activities. Sustaining Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is beneficial for promoting survival of mesangial cells that are exposed to high glucose stress.
High-resolution genomic profiling of adult and pediatric core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia reveals new recurrent genomic alterations
Authors: Michael W. M. Kühn, Ina Radtke, Lars Bullinger, Salil Goorha, Jinjun Cheng, Jennifer Edelmann, Juliane Gohlke, Xiaoping Su, Peter Paschka, Stanley Pounds, Jürgen Krauter, Arnold Ganser, Asmaa Quessar, Raul Ribeiro, Verena I. Gaidzik, Sheila Shurtleff, Jan Krönke, Karlheinz Holzmann, Jing Ma, Richard F. Schlenk, Jeffrey E. Rubnitz, Konstanze Döhner, Hartmut Döhner, James R. Downing
Journal: Blood (2012)
Prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with insulin dependent diabetes
Authors: J. Metcalfe, J. L Day
Journal: BMJ (1988)

<h3>Background</h3> Supracondylar fractures are associated with a high incidence of neurovascular complications. Comprehensive clinical evaluation is a necessity when children with these injuries present to the emergency department. Neurovascular assessment can be difficult due to pain, anxiety and the young age of these patients; however, it is crucial findings are well documented to identify patients requiring urgent surgical intervention, in addition to allowing the neurovascular status to be monitored over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preoperative neurovascular documentation in children presenting with displaced supracondylar fractures and devise an emergency department assessment proforma to facilitate comprehensive evaluation. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective case-note review was performed on patients with Gartland grades 2 and 3 supracondylar fractures observed in a 2-year period from July 2008 to July 2010. <h3>Results</h3> 137 patients were included; only 12 patients (8.8%) and 19 patients (13.9%), respectively, had a complete preoperative neurological or vascular assessment documented. Regarding the individual nerves, 59 (43.1%) patients had median nerve integrity documented, 55 (40.1%) ulnar nerve and 49 (35.8%) radial nerve integrity documented. Only 18 patients (13.1%) had their anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) function documented. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Preoperative documentation of neurovascular status in children with displaced supracondylar fractures was poor. Documentation of AIN examination was particularly poor. The introduction of a proforma (Liverpool upper limb fracture assessment) is proposed to increase documentation of neurovascular assessment and optimise emergency department evaluation of children presenting with upper limb injuries.
PD09-03: Phase I/II Study of BKM120 in Combination with Trastuzumab in Patients with HER2 Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer Resistant to Trastuzumab-Containing Therapy.
Authors: C Saura, J Bendell, G Jerusalem, B Graña-Suárez, S Su, Q Ru, S De Buck, C Devisme, A Bosch, A Urruticoechea, JT Beck, E DiTomaso, N Rouyrre, DW Sternberg, C Massacesi, S Hirawat, L Dirix, J Baselga
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: HER2 amplification can activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in breast cancer. Furthermore, trastuzumab (T) resistance can be associated with loss/deregulation of PTEN, which also causes activation of PI3K pathway signaling. BKM120, a potent orally bioavailable pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, could reverse resistance to T in vitro. Furthermore, administration of BKM120 with T demonstrated synergistic activity in preclinical models. The potential for combining BKM120 with T in heavily pretreated HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients (pts) will be determined in this study to substantiate the hypothesis for future development. Methods: HER2+ MBC pts resistant to T-containing therapy (progression on or within 4 weeks since last T administration) received treatment in the dose-escalation portion of this multicenter trial. Prior anti-HER2−directed therapies were allowed. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of BKM120 in combination with the standard dose of weekly T. A Bayesian logistic regression model with overdose control guided the dose escalation. Results: Seventeen pts with MBC have been enrolled: 5 at 50 mg/day and 12 at 100 mg/day dose of BKM120. Escalation was conducted up to the MTD level of single agent BKM120, 100 mg/day. Patient characteristics: median age 46 years (range 34–70); most pts were heavily pretreated (reported range of prior chemotherapy lines 1–4). In preliminary results (cut-off date 1st June 2011), 7 pts discontinued treatment. BKM120 in combination with T showed a mean peak drug concentration and half-life similar to single-agent BKM120. T trough levels remained above the single agent efficacy threshold. Only one dose-limiting toxicity (G3 asthenia) was reported at the BKM120 dose of 100 mg/day. The MTD was determined to be 100 mg/day. Reported G3 adverse events were asthenia, altered mood, rash, GGT increase, hypokalemia, and hypersensitivity in 1pt each. No G4 toxicity has been observed so far. With regards to activity, 2 partial responses (1 confirmed) and 3 occurrences of disease stabilization have been observed. Conclusions: BKM120 in combination with T in heavily pretreated HER2+ MBC pts with T-resistance has an acceptable safety profile and has shown encouraging preliminary activity. The Phase II portion of the study is ongoing. An updated analysis of efficacy, the potential correlation with PI3K pathway alteration status overlaying HER2 activation, and pharmacodynamics study will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD09-03.
Unusual Extrahepatic Abdominal Uptake of Tc-99m Colloid
Authors: MARIANNE TONDEUR, VINCIANE MULS, DANIEL URBAIN, HAMPHREY R. HAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Extrahepatosplenic intraabdominal Tc-99m colloid uptake has been described in rare pathological conditions. This phenomenon was observed in a large abdominal tumor which, on pathological examination, corresponded to a benign hepatic adenoma; to the authors' knowledge, extrahepatic uptake has not yet been described in hepatic adenoma.
666 Ischemic preconditioning attenuates liver injury during hepatectomies performed under selective vascular exclusion
Authors: N ARKADOPOULOS, V SMYRNIOTIS, J KONTIS, G KOSTOPANAGIOTOU, K THEODORAKI, J VASSILIOU, A PAFITH, P DIMAKAKOS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Enterotomy is a significant complication of laparoscopic ventral or incisional hernia repair (LVHR) and can be devastating if missed. Enterotomy occurs in 2.6% of patients undergoing LVHR and is missed 21.8% of the time. Controversy exists regarding the management of known or potential enterotomies. Approaches for managing recognized enterotomies during hernia repair are usually employed immediately; in a nonstaged fashion; and include laparoscopic enterotomy repair with immediate LVHR, laparotomy for repair of enterotomy with concomitant LVHR, or conversion to laparotomy for both enterotomy and hernia repair. The staged approach for managing recognized or potential enterotomies is less commonly employed and involves lapa- roscopic repair of enterotomy, admission, and delayed but definitive laparoscopic hernia repair in the same hospitaliza- tion. The presence of known or potential enterotomies during LVHR presents a difficult problem and may be a contraindication for immediate placement of prosthetic because of increased risks posed for abdominal infection, reopera- tion, prosthetic removal, hernia recurrence, and death. The staged approach—with a 2- to 5-day delay—represents a safe solution to this challenging problem. We present 4 cases managed via staged approach due to an enterotomy, risk factors, and suspicion for missed or delayed enteroto- mies augmented by a review of the literature.
Effect of cyproterone acetate on rate of hair growth in hirsute females
Authors: K.R. JONES, M. KATZ, C. KEYZER, W. GORDON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

We determined by trichometry the rate of hair growth in ten hirsute patients receiving a combination of cyproterone acetate (CA) 50 mg/daily and ‘Diane‘® (CA 2 mg + ethinyl oestradiol 0·05 mg). In two patients there was a prompt and persistent reduction in hair growth; in three the response was less marked, and in the remaining five patients the rate of hair growth fluctuated during therapy. However, there was an overall reduction in hair growth in all but one patient during the 12 months of treatment and all patients noticed that their hair became softer, thinner and lighter in colour.
Need for Research for Protective Measures Against Chronic Chemical Injury
Authors: Pietro U. CAPURRO
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In cases of cancer due to industrial chemicals, several years of exposure may occur before any malignant neoplasm can be detected. Our previous studies<sup>1-3</sup>of patients exposed to solvent vapors indicated damage to the liver and pancreas before a definite increased rate of malignancy was noticed. Recently, increase of angiosarcoma of the liver has been reported among workers in polyvinyl chloride plants, usually after years of exposure. We now have a patient, a 30-yearold man, who has worked for seven years in a polyvinyl chloride plant. For four years, he cleaned tanks used for storing vinyl chloride. He has complained lately of great fatigue. A liver and pancreas scan (Figure) shows his liver to be small, about 1,200 gm instead of the more than 1,500 gm expected for a patient of his height and weight. The inferior edge of the liver shows an irregular concave profile.
Breast Cancer Amplified Sequence 2, a Novel Negative Regulator of the p53 Tumor Suppressor
Authors: Ping-Chang Kuo, Yeou-Ping Tsao, Hung-Wei Chang, Po-Han Chen, Chu-Wei Huang, Shinn-Tsuen Lin, Yu-Tzu Weng, Tzung-Chieh Tsai, Sheau-Yann Shieh, Show-Li Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Breast cancer amplified sequence 2 (BCAS2) was reported previously as a transcriptional coactivator of estrogen receptor. Here, we report that BCAS2 directly interacts with p53 to reduce p53 transcriptional activity by mildly but consistently decreasing p53 protein in the absence of DNA damage. However, in the presence of DNA damage, BCAS2 prominently reduces p53 protein and provides protection against chemotherapeutic agent such as doxorubicin. Deprivation of BCAS2 induces apoptosis in p53 wild-type cells but causes G2-M arrest in p53-null or p53 mutant cells. There are at least two apoptosis mechanisms induced by silencing BCAS2 in wild-type p53-containing cells. Firstly, it increases p53 retention in nucleus that triggers the expression of apoptosis-related genes. Secondly, it increases p53 transcriptional activity by raising p53 phosphorylation at Ser46 and decreases p53 protein degradation by reducing p53 phosphorylation at Ser315. We show for the first time that BCAS2, a small nuclear protein (26 kDa), is a novel negative regulator of p53 and hence a potential molecular target for cancer therapy. [Cancer Res 2009;69(23):8877–85]
Failure of Antibiotics in a Case of Staphylococcal Bacteriaemia
Authors: W. H. Jopling, F. D. Schofield
Journal: BMJ (1953)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To assess the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics and incident stroke in a national cohort of black and white participants. <h3>Methods:</h3> The study comprised black (n = 10,274, 41%) and white (n = 14,601) stroke-free participants, aged 45 and older, enrolled in 2003–2007 in Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS), a national population-based cohort. A neighborhood socioeconomic score (nSES) was constructed using 6 neighborhood variables. Incident stroke was defined as first occurrence of stroke over an average 7.5 (SD 3.0) years of follow-up. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between nSES score and incident stroke, adjusted for demographics (age, race, sex, region), individual socioeconomic status (SES) (education, household income), and other risk factors for stroke. <h3>Results:</h3> After adjustment for demographics, compared to the highest nSES quartile, stroke incidence increased with each decreasing nSES quartile. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) ranged from 1.28 (1.05–1.56) in quartile 3 to 1.38 (1.13–1.68) in quartile 2 to 1.56 (1.26–1.92) in quartile 1 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001 for linear trend). After adjustment for individual SES, the trend remained marginally significant (<i>p</i> = 0.085). Although there was no evidence of a differential effect by race or sex, adjustment for stroke risk factors attenuated the association between nSES and stroke in both black and white participants, with greater attenuation in black participants. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Risk of incident stroke increased with decreasing nSES but the effect of nSES is attenuated through individual SES and stroke risk factors. The effect of neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics that contribute to increased stroke risk is similar in black and white participants.
A PLEA FOR THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF ALL SCHOOL CHILDREN.
Authors: LINSLY R. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Education is compulsory in this country for all children from the ages of 6 to 14. In some states the duration of school life is longer. If the child is not presented by its parents for instruction, the parents must present some good excuse for its non-appearance; and social reasons are not accepted. There are numerous chronic ailments of childhood which absolutely prevent or militate against its receiving any instruction. The more important of these are serious congenital mental defects and defects of the heart or organs of speech. There exist, also, many minor defects, eradicable, provided the parents are informed that such defects exist. The existence of the minor defects, such as squint, nearsightedness, adenoids, enlarged tonsils, bad teeth, nervous twitchings, and so on, are often not discovered by the parents, nor is their seriousness realized until the child has for some time been under the influence of school
Kidney Transplantation from Spousal Donors
Authors: Jean-Paul Soulillou
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Kidney transplantation has become a routine and efficient treatment for end-stage renal disease.1 However, a severe shortage of cadaveric kidneys has hampered wider use of this technique and is perhaps the most important obstacle facing transplantation today. As a consequence, transplantation surgeons now take kidneys from donors who might have been passed over a decade ago because of older age or vascular diseases. Using such donors increases the odds that the grafted kidney will have a delay in function and a poor long-term outcome.2 Although cadaveric kidneys are used in the majority of transplantations, living related donors are an important . . .
Effectiveness of Radiation Therapy for Elderly Patients with Unresected Stage I and II Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Juan P. Wisnivesky, Ethan Halm, Marcelo Bonomi, Charles Powell, Emilia Bagiella
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: Radiotherapy (RT) is considered the standard treatment for patients with stage I or II non–small lung cancer who are not surgical candidates because of comorbities or preferences against surgery.Objectives: To compare the outcomes of patients treated with RT alone with those who were untreated to assess the effect of RT on survival.Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry linked to Medicare files, we identified 6,065 unresected patients with histologically confirmed stage I and stage II non–small cell lung cancer, diagnosed between 1992 and 2002. We used propensity score methods and instrumental variable analysis to control for the possible effects of known as well as unmeasured confounders.Measurements and Main Results: Overall, 59% of patients received RT. The overall and lung cancer–specific survival of unresected patients treated with RT was significantly better compared with the untreated cases (P < 0.0001 for both comparisons). RT was associated with a 6-month improvement in median overall survival. Propensity score analyses showed that RT was associated with improved overall (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.78) and lung cancer–specific survival (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.78). Instrumental variable analysis also indicated improved outcomes among patients treated with RT.Conclusions: RT improves survival of elderly patients with unresected stage I or II lung cancer. These results should be confirmed in prospective trials.
Vincristine-induced alterations in Schwann cells of mouse peripheral nerve
Authors: Ruth Djaldetti, Jacob Hart, Svetlana Alexandrova, Sergin Cohen, Ben-Zion Beilin, Meir Djaldetti, Hanna Bessler
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

The sciatic nerve of C57Bl mice was examined with a transmission electron microscope to study the ultrastructural alterations in Schwann cells following treatment with escalating doses of vincristine. Results indicated that the drug exerts a dose-related effect. Total doses up to 8 µg/mouse did not cause any visible damage to Schwann cells. Higher doses induced not only damage to individual cells, but also affected a greater percentage of them. The myelin sheath was the most affected organelle. Schwann cells of myelinated fibers showed greater damage than those of unmyelinated fibers. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Skeletal Resistance to Parathyroid Hormone in Renal Failure
Authors: SHAUL G. MASSRY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The effects of an infusion of parathyroid extract on serum calcium and urinary phosphate levels were evaluated in 105 individuals—normal persons, patients with renal failure, patients treated with hemodialysis, and renal transplant recipients; patients were also studied after subtotal parathyroidectomy. The calcemic response was significantly lower than normal in all patients and was unrelated to the initial serum calcium, phosphorus, or immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels. The calcemic response in advanced uremia varied inversely with preexisting bone resorption measured by microradiography. The parathyroid extract induced phosphaturia only in normal persons and those with mild-to-moderate renal failure. The results are consistent with skeletal resistance to the calcemic action of parathyroid hormone; this abnormality is seen early in the course of renal failure and is not reversed by hemodialysis. This derangement may contribute to the hypocalcemia of renal failure and hence play a role in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism in these patients.