tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiation and mortality of workers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory: positive associations for doses received at older ages.
Authors: D B Richardson, S Wing
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

We examined associations between low-level exposure to ionizing radiation and mortality among 14,095 workers hired at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory between 1943 and 1972. Workers at the facility were individually monitored for external exposure to ionizing radiation and have been followed through 1990 to ascertain cause of death information. Positive associations were observed between low-level exposure to external ionizing radiation and mortality. These associations were larger for doses received after 45 years of age, larger under longer lag assumptions, and primarily due to cancer causes of death. All cancer mortality was estimated to increase 4.98% [standard error (SE) = 1.5] per 10-mSv cumulative dose received after age 45 under a 10-year lag, and 7.31% (SE = 2.2) per 10-mSv cumulative dose received after age 45 under a 20-year lag. Associations between radiation dose and lung cancer were of similar magnitude to associations between radiation dose and all cancers except lung cancer. Nonmalignant respiratory disease exhibited a positive association with cumulative radiation dose received after age 45, whereas ischemic heart disease exhibited no association with radiation dose. These findings suggest increases in cancer mortality associated with low-level external exposure to ionizing radiation and potentially greater sensitivity to the carcinogenic effects of ionizing radiation with older ages at exposure.
Effect of Metoclopramide on Gastric Emptying during Labour
Authors: F. A. Howard, D. S. Sharp
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The effect of a single dose of metoclopramide (Maxolon) on the gastric emptying rate of a liquid test meal was measured in a group of parturient women by a double-sampling dye-dilution technique. The subjects were given either metoclopramide 10 mg or sterile water by intramuscular injection on a double-blind random basis at the start of the test. The gastric emptying rate was significantly increased in those women who had received the metoclopramide as compared with those who had received the placebo.
The Relationship Among Pain, Sensory Loss, and Small Nerve Fibers in Diabetes
Authors: Lea Sorensen, Lynda Molyneaux, Dennis K. Yue
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Many individuals with diabetes experience neuropathic pain, often without objective signs of large-fiber neuropathy. We examined intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) to evaluate the role of small nerve fibers in the genesis of neuropathic pain.Twenty-five diabetic subjects with neuropathic pain and 13 without were studied. The pain was present for at least 6 months for which no other cause could be found. Punch skin biopsies were obtained from the distal leg. IENFs were stained using antibody to protein gene product 9.5 and counted with confocal microscopy. Neuropathy was graded by vibration perception and cold detection thresholds and the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument.In the total cohort, IENF density was significantly lower in those with pain compared with those without (3 [1-6] vs. 10 [3-19], respectively, P = 0.02). There were significant inverse correlations between IENF and severity of neuropathy, with the pain group having a flatter gradient than their pain-free counterparts (P < 0.02). The difference in IENF density was greatest in subjects with less objective evidence of neuropathy (P < or = 0.01).More severe loss of IENF is associated with the presence of neuropathic pain only in those with little or no objective sign of neuropathy. Thus, loss of IENF cannot explain pain in all cases, suggesting that different mechanisms underpin the genesis of pain at various stages of neuropathy.
Reconstitution of the alternative pathway of complement by plasma infusions given to a patient with an SLE-like syndrome associated with a hereditary C3 dysfunction.
Authors: B Nilsson, U R Nilsson, A Karlsson-Parra, G Sjolin-Forsberg, R Hallgren
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVE--To reconstitute a dysfunctional form of complement factor C3 in a patient with a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like syndrome. METHODS--The propositus was treated with plasma infusions during five sessions over a period of eight months. RESULTS--The alternative pathway was reconstituted to normal levels for approximately two to three days after each infusion. C3 fragments were incorporated into previously detected deposits of IgG and IgM at the dermal-epidermal junction and the immune complex levels gradually decreased during the whole treatment period. CONCLUSION--The reconstitution appears to result in the solubilisation of tissue immune complexes and a subsequent transportation to the fixed macrophage system.
Influence of therapy with IFN alpha 2A and consensus-IFN (IFN alpha-con) on the T-helper cell type 1 and type 2 reactivity in patients with hepatitis C
Authors: R. Klein, S. Kaiser, M. Fischer, W.E. Becker, B. Wiedenmann, U. Hopf, M. Gregor, T. Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Rate of incomplete excision of basal cell carcinomas by General Practitioners with Special Interest
Authors: M. Twist
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, The role of General Practitioners with Special Interest (GPwSI) in dermatology is evolving and has been subject to some controversy including issues of clinical governance. Rates of incomplete excision in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) can be used as a parameter for clinical governance. Reported rates vary widely from 3% to 25%1–7 and many of these come from specialist skin cancer services or plastic surgery departments. A retrospective audit was conducted to establish the rate of incomplete excision of BCC in a GPwSI clinic at Bognor War Memorial Hospital between 2005 and 2008. Pathology reports of 124 consecutively excised BCCs (50% head and neck, 50% trunk/limbs) treated in this clinic were examined with regard to excision margins. The rate of incomplete excision was two out of 124 or 1·6%. Both of the incompletely excised lesions were from the face. One was incomplete laterally and was re‐excised (completely) by the original surgeon. The other was reported as incomplete deeply and was referred to a plastic surgeon who re‐excised the area with no residual BCC found.
SAME-DAY DISCHARGE COMPARED TO OVERNIGHT HOSPITALIZATION AFTER UNCOMPLICATED PCI: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Olivier F. Bertrand, Eltigani Abdelaal, Sunil V. Rao, Ian C. Gilchrist, Ivo Bernat, Adhir Shroff, Ronald Caputo, Olivier Costerousse, Samir Pancholy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Ventricular tachycardia after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot: Results of intraoperative mapping studies
Authors: Eugene Downar, Louise Harris, Shane Kimber, Lynda Mickleborough, William Williams, Elias Sevaptsidis, Stephane Masse, Thomas C.K. Chen, Albert Chan, Adriana Genga, Anthony Glanz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
N-ethyl-tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a novel deconjugation-resistant bile salt analogue: Effects of acute feeding in the rat
Authors: Mario Angelico, Andrea Mangiameli, Alessandra Nistri, Leonardo Baiocchi, Mara Sofia, Mario Maina, Mario Di Martino, Adriano Blasi
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical/biological properties and the effects of acute administration of N-ethyl-tauroursodeoxycholic acid in bile-fistula rats. In vitro determination of high-performance liquid chromatography mobility, octanol/ water partitioning, cholesterol solubilizing capacity, and sensitivity to enzyme deconjugation by bacteria and cholylglycine-hydroxylase were performed. In vivo determination of the following was also performed: (1) maximum secretory rate (SRmax) and choleretic/secretory properties during intravenous (IV) administration; (2) site/ extent of absorption, effects on bile flow, lipid secretion, and biotransformations after intraduodenal infusion. N-ethyl-tauroursodeoxycholate has a lipophilicity slightly higher than tauroursodeoxycholate, close to taurocholate, and similar cholesterol solubilizing capacity. Deconjugation of N-ethyl-tauroursodeoxycholate was 3.4 +/- 2.1% after 72 hours, that of tauroursodeoxycholate was 100% after 24 hours. During IV infusion of 300 nmol/min/ 100g, biliary secretion of N-ethyl-tauroursodeoxycholic and tauroursodeoxycholic acids averaged 185 +/- 76 (standard deviation) nmol/min/100 g and 221 +/- 77 nmol/min/ 100 g (not significant). Increasing infusion rates caused progressive enhancement of bile flow and bile salt secretion until the SRmax was reached (1,305 +/- 240 nmol/min/ 100 g for N-ethyl-tauroursodeoxycholic acid and 3,240 nmol/min/100 g for tauroursodeoxycholate). The two bile salts were similarly choleretic. IV feeding of N-ethyl-tauroursodeoxycholic promoted a greater lipid secretion than tauroursodeoxycholate. After intraduodenal feeding of 800 mumol, 38.8 +/- 14.0% and 43.4 +/- 12.4% of the two bile salts were recovered in bile. No unconjugated bile salts nor unusual metabolites were detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Clinical Pharmacology of Antineoplastic Agents
Authors: Bruce A. Chabner, Charles E. Myers, C. Norman Coleman, David G. Johns
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Cytidine and Deoxycytidine AnaloguesThe pyrimidine nucleoside analogues cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine) and 5-azacytidine are of importance in the treatment of acute granulocytic leukemia. Although the former has been under active investigation for a decade, and now stands as one of the primary antileukemic agents, clinical experience with the latter in the United States has only begun to accumulate over the past three years, and its ultimate value in leukemia and solid tumors is not known at present. Both agents are analogues of naturally occurring nucleosides (Fig. 4); cytosine arabinoside is a 2-β-OH analogue of deoxycytidine and . . .
Mitogenic Action of the Androgen Receptor Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to Taxane-Based Cytotoxic Insult
Authors: Janet K. Hess-Wilson, Hannah K. Daly, William A. Zagorski, Christopher P. Montville, Karen E. Knudsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Prostate cancer cells are dependent on androgen for growth and survival; as such, inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) activity is the first line of intervention for disseminated disease. Recently, specific cytotoxic agents have been shown to extend survival times in patients with advanced disease. Given the established ability of androgen to modify cell survival in prostate cancer cells, it is imperative to determine the effect of the hormonal environment on cytotoxic response. Here, we show that the response of prostate cancer cells to taxane-induced cell death is significantly enhanced by androgen stimulation in AR-positive, androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells. Similar results were observed on androgen-independent AR activation. By contrast, AR-positive yet androgen-independent or AR-negative cells were refractory to androgen influence on taxane function. The ability of androgen to potentiate taxane activity was dependent on its mitogenic capacity and was separable from overall AR activity, as coadministration of AR antagonists, G1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, or high-dose (growth inhibitory) androgen nullified the proapoptotic function of androgen. Observed induction of cell death was attributed to caspase-dependent apoptosis and correlated with p53 activation. Combined, these data indicate that the cytotoxic effects of taxanes are substantially influenced by the hormonal environment and/or status of AR activity in prostate cancer cells and provide the foundation for refinement and optimization of cytotoxic intervention in prostate cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(24): 11998-2008)
Relation of Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure to the Onset of Pain in Angina Pectoris
Authors: BRIAN F. ROBINSON
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Arterial pressure was recorded directly and continuously in 15 patients with angina pectoris while pain was repeatedly induced by exercise of various types and severity. In every case, the precipitation of angina could be consistently related to the level reached by the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure (corrected when necessary for changes in ejection time). This relationship persisted even when there were large variations in the type, intensity, and duration of the exercise and was also maintained in a patient in whom spontaneous and emotional episodes of pain were observed. A substantial improvement in exercise tolerance occurred in one patient and this was completely accounted for by a reduction in the circulatory response to exercise. It was concluded that the precipitation of angina is normally the result of a rise in the work of the myocardium to a critical level which is essentially fixed in each patient. The varying ease with which pain is provoked on different occasions can usually be explained by variations in circulatory response to the precipitating stress.
Interactions of platinum metals and their complexes in biological systems.
Authors: A F LeRoy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Platinum-metal oxidation catalysts are to be introduced in exhaust systems of many 1975 model-year automobiles in the U.S. to meet Clean Air Act standards. Small quantities of finely divided catalyst have been found issuing from prototype systems; platinum and palladium compounds may be found also. Although platinum exhibits a remarkable resistance to oxidation and chemical attack, it reacts chemically under some conditions producing coordination complex compounds. Palladium reacts more readily than platinum. Some platinum-metal complexes interact with biological systems as bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal, viricidal, and immunosuppressive agents. Workers chronically exposed to platinum complexes often develop asthma-like respiratory distress and skin reactions called platinosis. Platinum complexes used alone and in combination therapy with other drugs have recently emerged as effective agents in cancer chemotherapy. Understanding toxic and favorable interactions of metal species with living organisms requires basic information on quantities and chemical characteristics of complexes at trace concentrations in biological materials. Some basic chemical kinetic and thermodynamic data are presented to characterize the chemical behavior of the complex cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] used therapeutically. A brief discussion of platinum at manogram levels in biological tissue is discussed.
Visualization of Fibrous Cap Thickness and Rupture in Human Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaque In Vivo With High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Thomas S. Hatsukami, Russell Ross, Nayak L. Polissar, Chun Yuan
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The results of studies of advanced lesions of atherosclerosis suggest that the thickness of the fibrous cap that overlies the necrotic core distinguishes the stable lesion from one that is at high risk for rupture and thromboembolic events. We have developed a high-resolution MRI technique that can identify the fine structure of the lesion, including the fibrous cap, in vivo. The aim of the present study was to determine the agreement between in vivo MRI and lesion architecture as seen on histology and gross tissue examination to identify fibrous cap thickness and rupture. Methods and Results —Twenty-two subjects who were scheduled for carotid endarterectomy underwent MRI with a 3-dimensional multiple overlapping thin slab angiography protocol. The appearance of the fibrous cap was categorized as (1) an intact, thick, (2) an intact, thin, or (3) a ruptured fibrous cap on MRI, gross, and histological sections. Thirty-six sites were available for comparison between MRI and histology. There was a high level of agreement between MRI and histological findings: 89% agreement, κ (95% CI)=0.83 (0.67 to 1.0), weighted κ=0.87. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was 0.88 (significant to the 0.01 level). Conclusions —These findings indicate that high-resolution MRI with a 3-dimensional multiple overlapping thin slab angiography protocol is capable of distinguishing intact, thick fibrous caps from intact thin and disrupted caps in atherosclerotic human carotid arteries in vivo. This noninvasive technique has the potential to permit studies that examine the relationship between fibrous cap changes and clinical outcome and to permit trials that evaluate therapy intended to “stabilize” the fibrous cap.
The trouble with blood pressure cuffs
Authors: J E Bellamy, H Pugh, D J Sanders
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Blood pressure cuffs with interchangeable bladders should be checked for correct sizing

The importance of using an appropriately sized blood pressure cuff is well recognised.1 This applies to blood pressure cuffs with interchangeable bladders: it is important to check that an appropriate sized bladder is in place. We report two cases in which patient management was impaired because a small bladder was inserted into a large cuff.

A 42 year old man with an estimated weight of 120 kg was admitted to the intensive care unit after a road crash. A high speed deceleration injury resulted in bilateral lung contusions, a pneumothorax, several bilateral rib fractures, and a wedge fracture of T12 and fractured spinous process of C2.

He required sedation and ventilatory support because of respiratory failure and was transferred to the intensive care unit. He was initially cardiovascularly stable, with a blood pressure of 127/74 mm Hg (measured via a left brachial arterial line) and central venous pressure of12 cm H2O. Blood pressure measurements taken from the invasive arterial system were persistently low, and he subsequently needed a norepinephrine infusion to maintain his mean arterial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. Reviewing the patient later that day, we noted that the blood pressure had been recorded as 135/75 mm Hg even though the invasive reading was 83/47 mm Hg. A non-invasive blood pressure cuff had been placed on the right upper arm, and all documented readings for that day had been taken from the cuff. The left brachial arterial line showed a good trace, and we were able to aspirate blood easily from the line. On closer inspection of the blood pressure cuff we noticed that a “small” …
Oxaliplatin in combination with liver-specific expression of interleukin 12 reduces the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumours and eradicates metastatic colorectal cancer in mice
Authors: M. Gonzalez-Aparicio, P. Alzuguren, I. Mauleon, J. Medina-Echeverz, S. Hervas-Stubbs, U. Mancheno, P. Berraondo, J. Crettaz, G. Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza, J. Prieto, R. Hernandez-Alcoceba
Journal: Gut (2010)

New options are needed for the management and prevention of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is an immunostimulatory cytokine with proven antitumour effect in animal models. Despite evidence indicating its biological effect in humans, neither the recombinant protein nor gene therapy vectors expressing IL-12 have shown a relevant benefit in patients with cancer.To develop a new approach to overcome the difficulties in obtaining a suitable expression pattern and the immunosuppressive milieu in the tumours which contribute to this poor performance.A high-capacity ('gutless') adenoviral vector carrying a liver-specific, mifepristone (Mif)-inducible system for the expression of IL-12 (HC-Ad/RUmIL-12) was used in combination with chemotherapy. Tumours were established in the liver of C57BL/6 mice by inoculation of MC38 colon cancer cells.Intrahepatic injection of HC-Ad/RUmIL-12 and tailored induction regimens allowed the maintenance of safe and efficient levels of IL-12 in vivo. An individualised, stepwise increase in the dose of Mif (125-4000 μg/kg) was needed to compensate for the progressive but transient downregulation of the inducible system. Repeated cycles of Mif induction (every 24 h for 10 days) were needed for optimal tumour eradication. However, complete protection against tumour rechallenge was seen in < 25% of the animals. The administration of oxaliplatin (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 3 days before starting the induction regimen achieved efficient elimination of liver metastases with a single cycle of IL-12 induction, and improved protection against tumour rechallenge. This was associated with a shift in the tumour microenvironment towards a more pro-immunogenic phenotype, with an increase in the CD8+/T regulatory cell ratio and a reduction in myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These effects were not seen with 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan or gemcitabine.Long-term controlled expression of IL-12 using an HC-Ad vector in combination with oxaliplatin is effective and clinically applicable against hepatic colon cancer metastases.
Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography for Risk Stratification After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Michael E. Carlos, Steven C. Smart, John C. Wynsen, Kiran B. Sagar
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Because dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) provides assessment of left ventricular function and ischemia at a distance, the major determinants of adverse outcome after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we undertook this study to determine the role of DSE in risk stratification after AMI. Methods and Results A graded DSE in 5-minute stages was performed in 214 patients (age, 57±13 years [mean±SD]) at 2 to 7 days after AMI. Coronary angiography was performed in 193 patients. Follow-up data regarding major cardiac events were obtained through telephone interviews and chart reviews. All patients were followed for ≥500 days or until a hard cardiac event occurred. The mean follow-up interval was 494±182 days after AMI. Peak heart rate and systolic blood pressure were 115±21 bpm and 135±29 mm Hg, respectively. An adverse outcome occurred in 80 of 214 patients; cardiac death occurred in 15, nonfatal AMI occurred in 15, sustained or symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia occurred in 5, congestive heart failure occurred in 14, and unstable angina occurred in 31. Significant predictors of adverse outcome by univariate analysis were prior myocardial infarction ( P =.005), anterior infarction ( P =.006), multivessel coronary artery disease ( P &lt;.0001), global resting left ventricular wall motion score index ( P &lt;.0001), infarction zone nonviability based on akinesis unresponsive to low-dose dobutamine ( P &lt;.0001), and ischemia/infarction at a distance ( P &lt;.0001). Furthermore, the extent of infarct zone and nonviability correlated with the severity of the cardiac event. Multivariate analysis of clinical, angiographic, and DSE variables revealed that the only independent predictors of adverse outcome were ischemia/infarction at a distance ( P &lt;.0001) and infarction zone nonviability ( P &lt;.0001). Multivessel disease identified through DSE was more predictive of adverse outcome than was angiographically determined multivessel disease. Conclusions DSE can be used to predict adverse outcomes after AMI.