tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LAW AND MEDICINE
Authors: Betty Jane Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Classics and Other Selected Readings in Medical Librarianship
Authors: LUCRETIA McClure
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Libraries play a central role in biomedical communication, and the concerns of medical librarianship reflect issues in serving the healthrelated professions over the years. Tom Keys, the former librarian, and Jack Key, the present librarian of the Mayo Clinic, have selected for this volume some 60 "landmark" papers in health science librarianship. Authors range from Oliver Wendell Holmes through William Osler (second president of the Medical Library Association), Gertrude Annan, Eugene Garfield, and Scott Adams in more recent years. What were the major concerns of health science librarians during the past hundred years? Service is the underlying theme in this collection of articles—how to cope with everincreasing scientific publications from the era of "Little Science" to "Big Science." Librarianship is, after all, an applied field, and as such is highly technology dependent. Thus, much soul-searching is apparent as the intellectual content of librarianship shifts and new techniques must be learned
Heart Disease Researchers Tailor New Theories— Now Maybe It's Genes That Make People Fat
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

SOME PEOPLE who get too big for their britches may be able to blame it on fat genes, according to several reports at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association in New Orleans, La. Two researchers presented studies they say suggest the existence of a genetic basis for obesity, although they have not yet searched for the specific genes, and a third scientist spoke about the structure and metabolic role of the human lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene. (The molecular biology of the LPL gene has been understood only since 1986.) <h3>Still Speculative</h3> One of the highly speculative reports was presented by Trudy L. Burns, PhD, associate professor of preventive medicine at the University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City. Burns described findings made during an ongoing investigation of coronary heart disease risk factors in 1783 children in Muscatine, Iowa. As part of the study, led by Ronald M.
Isoprenaline, propranolol, and the energy output of rabbit cardiac muscle
Authors: C. L. GIBBS, W. R. GIBSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

A myothermic investigation has shown that isoprenaline increases the magnitude of the tension-independent heat but does not alter the slope of the heat versus tension relationship. Isoprenaline had no effect on cardiac efficiency at a 2·5 mM calcium level but restored the depressed efficiency values obtained in 0·6 mM calcium to normal levels. Propranolol had no significant effects on energy production in either isometric or isotonic contractions but effectively prevented the mechanical and energetic changes caused by isoprenaline.
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy as a Therapeutic Measure in Cholangitis and as Prophylaxis against Recurrent Biliary Tract Stones
Authors: T. Popiela, D. Karcz, J. Marecik
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

Our purpose was to analyse the results of endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with advanced cholangitis, and to assess the potential of this method in the prevention of recurrent biliary tract stones. Advanced cholangitis certainly predisposes to microlith formation, and we believe that the increased biliary drainage produced by sphincterotomy counteracts this process. Our grading of cholangitis was an intraoperative cholangioscopic assessment corresponding to Nishimura grades III and IV (erosions in the duct walls, patchy stone ulceration, biliary gravel, fibro-purulent plaques densely adherent to the biliary walls etc. 62 patients with grades III and IV cholangitis (as defined at choledochoscopy) underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy (GP-A). This group underwent a controlled prospective study with review at: one year, between 2 and 3 years, 5 years following surgery. The control group (GP-B) constituted 20 patients with comparable cholangitis who did not undergo sphincterotomy. Group A had no recurrent lithiasis, 4.8% revealed persistent cholangitis. In control group (GP-B) 6 patients (30%) revealed recurrent lithiasis, on average 4.6 years following initial surgery. In addition, 35% of this group had clinical symptoms of cholangitis. These results indicate that endoscopic sphincterotomy is a worthwhile method in the treatment of cholangitis and prophylaxis against recurrent biliary tract stones.
Matching in case-control studies
Authors: H. T. Sorensen, M. W Gillman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

considered, it was unnecessary as the areas of ulceration healed completely after resolution of the infection.I agree that cutaneous radionecrosis and osteonecrosis often require excision and the use of myocutaneous flaps.These and other complications of radiotherapy are covered in a subsequent article in the ABC series.Reconstruction of the breast and its complications are also being covered separately.The point of the illustration was to show a good example of cellulitis after surgery and radiotherapy.This cellulitis needs to be controlled by antibiotics before other measures are con- sidered.In this respect I do not believe that the illustration was misleading or inappropriate.
US Military Medical Presence Increases in Bosnia
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1996)

OUTSIDE TEMPERATURES in the former Yugoslavia are expected to rise into the low teens Celsius (50s Fahrenheit) next month. This raises US military physicians' concerns about rodent-and insect-borne diseases that might join other threats to the health of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) peace enforcers there.  A disease threat-assessment team from the 520th Theater Army Medical Laboratory, US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen (Md) Proving Ground, deploys to Bosnia-Herzegovina this month to target environmental health risks and advise US military commanders about how to respond.  So far, cold weather, land mines, and poor sanitary conditions in the area have been the major health and safety concerns. One US soldier has died of an apparent heart attack and two have been seriously injured, one by a land mine and the other by electrical current that arced from a power line above the train transporting him to Bosnia.
Earl of Arran's Blood Alcohol
Authors: R. G. Bowler
Journal: BMJ (1961)

<h3>Objectives</h3> We perform and evaluate record linkage of German Care Needs Assessment (CNA) data to Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) claims data. The resulting dataset should enable the identification of factors in healthcare predicting the time between the onset of long-term care dependency and the admission to a nursing home in Germany in subsequent analyses. <h3>Design</h3> A deterministic record linkage was conducted using the key variables region, sex, date of birth and care level. In further steps, the underlying cause of care dependency (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision (ICD-10)) was added for a higher level of distinction. Before linkage, the suitability of the two datasets for these procedures was assessed. After linkage, the results of each stage were analysed and the resulting dataset was evaluated cross-sectionally with respect to bias generated through this process. <h3>Setting</h3> The study comprises data from the German SHI and Statutory Long-Term Care Insurance. <h3>Participants</h3> The study cohort comprised 158 069 individuals who became care dependent in 2006. We obtained CNA data for the year 2006 including 188 935 individuals. <h3>Results</h3> We could link CNAs to 66 310 individuals of the original study cohort, corresponding to 42.0%. Records from two federal states could not be matched due to missing data. Linkage rates were lower where more people shared the same attributes. The resulting dataset showed minor differences regarding age, sex and care level compared to the original cohort. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Data linkage between German SHI claims data and CNA data is feasible. Failure to link was mostly attributable to a lack of distinction between individuals using available identifiers. The resulting dataset contains relevant information from both health services provision and functional status of care dependent people and is suitable for further analyses with critical reflection of representativity.
The stretch-activated potassium channel TREK-1 in rat cardiac ventricular muscle
Authors: None XIANTAOLI, V DYACHENKO, M ZUZARTE, C PUTZKE, R PREISIGMULLER, G ISENBERG, J DAUT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

The biophysical properties and the regulation of the two-pore-domain potassium channel TREK-1 were studied in rat cardiomyocytes.RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and patch-clamp recording were performed in isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. In some whole-cell-clamp experiments the myocytes were mechanically stretched using a glass stylus.We found strong expression of a splice variant of TREK-1 in rat heart. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies against TREK-1 showed localization of the channel in longitudinal stripes at the external surface membrane of cardiomyocytes. When the cardiomyocytes were mechanically stretched, an outwardly rectifying K+ current component could be detected in whole-cell recordings. In single-channel recordings with symmetrical high K+ solution, two TREK-like channels with 'flickery-burst' kinetics were found: a 'large conductance' K+ channel (132+/-5 pS at positive potentials) and a novel 'low-conductance' channel (41+/-5 pS at positive potentials). The low-conductance channel could be activated by negative pressure in inside-out patches, positive pressure in outside-out patches, intracellular acidification and application of arachidonic acid. Its open probability was strongly increased by depolarization, due to decreased duration of gaps between bursts. The biophysical properties of the two cardiac TREK-like channels were similar to those of TREK-1 channels expressed in HEK293 cells, which both displayed low- and high-conductance modes.Our results suggest that the two TREK-like channels found in rat cardiomyocytes may reflect two different operating modes of TREK-1. The novel low-conductance channels described here may represent the major operating mode of TREK-1. The current flowing through mechanogated TREK-1 channels may serve to counterbalance the inward current flowing through stretch-activated non-selective cation channels during the filling phase of the cardiac cycle and thus to prevent the occurrence of ventricular extrasystoles.
Isolated Right Ventricular Infarction
Authors: Aloke V Finn, Elliott M Antman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 47-year-old man with no history of cardiac disease presented to a hospital, reporting severe substernal chest pressure associated with bilateral arm weakness. A standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (Panel A) showed marked ST-segment elevation in leads V1, V2, and V3 and slight ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. The patient was treated with fibrinolytic therapy and transferred to another hospital for catheterization. Angiography showed severe proximal stenosis of a small, nondominant right coronary artery and no clinically significant disease in the left coronary artery. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 48 hours after presentation (Panel B) . . .
Chest pain units
Authors: M. Clancy
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Patients presenting to hospital with chest pain represent a substantial burden to the NHS. About 500 000 patients attend emergency departments in the United Kingdom each year with chest pain, 1 2 and 20–30% of all medical admissions are for acute chest pain.3 Currently most clinicians working in emergency departments rely on the history, clinical examination, and electrocardiogram (ECG) to decide which patients have acute coronary syndromes and need admission and which to send home. Given the unreliability of these tools alone to either rule in or rule out the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction4 and unstable angina, it is not surprising that 2–4% of patients with acute myocardial infarction have been sent home from American emergency departments with a high case fatality rate and medicolegal costs. 5 6 The position in the United Kingdom is uncertain, but a recent study identified that 6% of patients who were discharged from …
The interaction of verapamil and norverapamil with beta-adrenergic receptors.
Authors: R D Feldman, G D Park, C Y Lai
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To determine the effect of calcium-channel blockers on beta-adrenergic receptors, we studied the interactions of verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine with both human lymphocyte beta 2-adrenergic receptors and rat myocardial beta 1-adrenergic receptors by means of radioligand binding assays. We also determined the functional consequences of these interactions by measuring adenylate cyclase activity. Radioligand binding studies in vitro demonstrated a Ki of verapamil for the lymphocyte beta 2-receptor of 32 +/- 4 microM. Diltiazem and nifedipine were much less potent. In studies of adenylate cyclase activity, verapamil was shown to act as a competitive beta-receptor antagonist. Also, norverapamil, the active metabolite of verapamil, had the highest affinity for the beta-receptor of any of the calcium-channel blockers studied (Ki = 4.2 +/- 0.8 microM). After 1 week of verapamil administration in six normal subjects, isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in lymphocytes was increased from 60 +/- 4% to 83 +/- 10% over basal activity (p less than .05). This was associated with an increase in lymphocyte beta-receptor affinity for agonist as represented by the decrease in the IC50 for isoproterenol inhibition of [125I] iodocyanopindolol binding from 240 +/- 20 to 170 +/- 10 nM (p less than .05). Additionally, plasma norepinephrine levels were reduced from 206 +/- 58 to 92 +/- 18 pg/ml with 1 week of verapamil treatment (p less than .05). Our data suggest that verapamil affects lymphocyte beta-receptors in vitro and with long-term administration regulates lymphocyte beta-receptor function either directly or indirectly via a reduction in plasma catecholamine levels.
Decreased IRF8 expression found in aging hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells
Authors: D L Stirewalt, Y E Choi, N E Sharpless, E L Pogosova-Agadjanyan, M R Cronk, M Yukawa, E B Larson, B L Wood, F R Appelbaum, J P Radich, S Heimfeld
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Reducing the Costs of Screening Blood for Unexpected Antibodies
Authors: Peter D. Issitt
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The recent report by Shulman et al 1 describes a logical and practical way of reducing costs in the blood bank. There is an additional change that those workers could have made to reduce costs further that does not compromise patient care in any way. In the antibody screening tests and full compatibility tests using serum samples from immunized patients, 22% bovine albumin was added to the cell-serum mixtures before incubation and subsequent indirect antiglobulin tests (IATs). Bovine albumin does not increase the rate or amount of antibody uptake in the first stage of the hemagglutination reaction so that its use wastes money and provides no benefit in the tests described. I stopped using bovine albumin in such tests in 19732 and, in tests performed in the last 12 years, have not found any antibodies that could be detected in an albumin-to-IAT method that could not be
Adhesion Receptors Mediate Efficient Non-viral Gene Delivery
Authors: Inge S Zuhorn, Dharamdajal Kalicharan, George T Robillard, Dick Hoekstra
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

For a variety of reasons, including production limitations, potential unanticipated side effects, and an immunological response upon repeated systemic administration, virus-based vectors are as yet not ideal gene delivery vehicles, justifying further research into alternatives. Unlike viral vectors, non-viral vectors pose minimal health risks, but to meet therapeutic requirements their efficacy needs major improvement. This goal may be accomplished by better defining the mechanism of non-viral gene delivery and exploiting specific cellular properties. Here we demonstrate that transfection of epithelial cells with lipoplexes is almost exclusively mediated by the β1 integrin cell surface receptor. More important, we show that in general, adhesion receptors can be exploited by lipoplexes to gain access to cells, including difficult-to-transfect primary neural stem cells and suspension cells, thereby leading to productive transfection. We propose that adhesion receptors serve as "natural" receptors for lipoplexes. As no natural cellular receptors for lipoplexes have previously been identified, our results are an important step forward in understanding the mechanisms of non-viral gene delivery. Moreover, the finding that adhesion receptors mediate efficient non-viral gene delivery paves the way for the optimization of (standard) transfection procedures as well as ex vivo gene therapy protocols using non-viral vectors. For a variety of reasons, including production limitations, potential unanticipated side effects, and an immunological response upon repeated systemic administration, virus-based vectors are as yet not ideal gene delivery vehicles, justifying further research into alternatives. Unlike viral vectors, non-viral vectors pose minimal health risks, but to meet therapeutic requirements their efficacy needs major improvement. This goal may be accomplished by better defining the mechanism of non-viral gene delivery and exploiting specific cellular properties. Here we demonstrate that transfection of epithelial cells with lipoplexes is almost exclusively mediated by the β1 integrin cell surface receptor. More important, we show that in general, adhesion receptors can be exploited by lipoplexes to gain access to cells, including difficult-to-transfect primary neural stem cells and suspension cells, thereby leading to productive transfection. We propose that adhesion receptors serve as "natural" receptors for lipoplexes. As no natural cellular receptors for lipoplexes have previously been identified, our results are an important step forward in understanding the mechanisms of non-viral gene delivery. Moreover, the finding that adhesion receptors mediate efficient non-viral gene delivery paves the way for the optimization of (standard) transfection procedures as well as ex vivo gene therapy protocols using non-viral vectors.
Monitoring of Psychological Well-Being in Outpatients With Diabetes
Authors: François Pouwer, Frank J. Snoek, Henk M. van der Ploeg, Herman J. Adèr, Robert J. Heine
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To investigate whether monitoring and discussing psychological well-being in outpatients with diabetes improves mood, glycemic control, and the patient’s evaluation of the quality of diabetes care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This study was a randomized controlled trial of 461 outpatients with diabetes who were randomly assigned to standard care or to the monitoring condition. In the latter group, the diabetes nurse specialist assessed and discussed psychological well-being with the patient (with an interval of 6 months) in addition to standard care. The computerized Well-being Questionnaire was used for this purpose. Primary outcomes were mood, HbA1c, and the patient’s evaluation of the quality of diabetes care at 1-year follow-up. The number of referrals to the psychologist was analyzed as a secondary outcome. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. RESULTS—The monitoring group reported better mood compared with the standard care group, as indicated by significantly lower negative well-being and significantly higher levels of energy, higher general well-being, better mental health, and a more positive evaluation of the quality of the emotional support received from the diabetes nurse. The two groups did not differ for HbA1c or in their overall evaluation of the quality of diabetes care. In the monitoring condition, significantly more subjects were referred to the psychologist. CONCLUSIONS—Monitoring and discussing psychological well-being as part of routine diabetes outpatient care had favorable effects on the mood of patients but did not affect their HbA1c. Our results support the recommendation to monitor psychological well-being in patients with diabetes.
Derlin-1 Is Overexpressed on the Tumor Cell Surface and Enables Antibody-Mediated Tumor Targeting Therapy
Authors: Yuliang Ran, Hai Hu, Dong Hu, Zhuan Zhou, Yuemin Sun, Long Yu, Lixin Sun, Jian Pan, Jun Liu, Tong Liu, Zhihua Yang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Tumor targeting therapy is one of the most promising strategies for anticancer treatment. Derlin-1 has been reported to participate in misfolded protein dislocation and integrates into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to survey for such protein aggregates. We elucidate herein that Derlin-1 can leak to the plasmalemma from the ER in tumor cells and may have clinical application as a novel cancer target in the hope of developing a new tumor targeting therapy. Experimental Design: The cell surface expression of Derlin-1 was shown by immunofluorescence analysis of nonpermeabilized cells and Western blotting of fractional proteins of tumor cells. Derlin-1 expression in cancerous tissues was also shown by immunohistochemistry. Biodistribution analysis and γ-scintigraphic imaging were done using 125I-labeled Derlin-1 targeting antibody in isogenic mice models. Finally, tumor-bearing mice were treated by the anti-Derlin-1 polyclonal antibody and monoclonal antibodies. Results: Derlin-1 was expressed on various tumor cell surfaces and adopted a homodimer conformation. Robust cytoplasmic and membrane expression of Derlin-1 was detected in various types of human cancers tissues but was not correlated with any clinicopathologic features of pancreatic cancer. Derlin-1 directed antibodies specifically targeted to colon tumors and significantly suppress tumor growth in isogenic mice. Conclusions: These preclinical data show that Derlin-1 protein is a functional molecular target expressed on the tumor cell surface and is a candidate therapeutic target that may be translated into clinical applications.