tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchodilator response in 3-6.5 years old healthy and stable asthmatic children
Authors: J Hellinckx, K De Boeck, J Bande-Knops, M van der Poel, M Demedts
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Few data are available on the bronchodilator response in preschool children. This study was set up to study baseline lung function and bronchodilator responses in healthy and asthmatic children younger than 7 yrs old. In 281 preschool children attending kindergarten (age range 2.7-6.6 yrs old) respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) by impulse oscillation system at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 35 Hz as well as resonance frequency (f0) were measured before and 20 min after 200 microg inhaled salbutamol by a metered-dose inhaler connected to a spacer device. Thirty-four of them were diagnosed as asthmatics based on a validated standardized questionnaire. The mean Rrs (+/-SD) at 5 Hz (Rrs,5) was 1.03 (+/-0.24) kPa x L(-1) x s for healthy children and 1.09 (+/-0.26) kPa x L(-1) x s for stable asthmatics. The mean change in Rrs,5 after salbutamol was -0.13 (+/-0.20) kPa x L(-1) x s for the healthy children and -0.09 (+/-0.25) kPa x L(-1) x s for the asthmatic group. The scatter for the measurements was striking. Neither baseline values of impulse oscillation nor its changes after bronchodilator administration was significantly different between healthy and stable asthmatic children. A change in respiratory system resistance at 5 Hz of 40% is to be considered the cut-off for a " positive" bronchodilator response.
Primary Treatment of Acute Dacryocystitis by Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy with Silicone Intubation Guided by a Soft Probe
Authors: Wencan Wu, Wentao Yan, Julia K. MacCallum, Yunhai Tu, Alice C. Jiang, Yuan Yang, Tianlin Xiao, Jin Li, Qinmei Wang, Jia Qu
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
Estimating Empirical Codon Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Nicola De Maio, Ian Holmes, Christian Schlötterer, Carolin Kosiol
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Empirical codon models (ECMs) estimated from a large number of globular protein families outperformed mechanistic codon models in their description of the general process of protein evolution. Among other factors, ECMs implicitly model the influence of amino acid properties and multiple nucleotide substitutions (MNS). However, the estimation of ECMs requires large quantities of data, and until recently, only few suitable data sets were available. Here, we take advantage of several new Drosophila species genomes to estimate codon models from genome-wide data. The availability of large numbers of genomes over varying phylogenetic depths in the Drosophila genus allows us to explore various divergence levels. In consequence, we can use these data to determine the appropriate level of divergence for the estimation of ECMs, avoiding overestimation of MNS rates caused by saturation. To account for variation in evolutionary rates along the genome, we develop new empirical codon hidden Markov models (ecHMMs). These models significantly outperform previous ones with respect to maximum likelihood values, suggesting that they provide a better fit to the evolutionary process. Using ECMs and ecHMMs derived from genome-wide data sets, we devise new likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) of positive selection. We found classical LRTs very sensitive to the presence of MNSs, showing high false-positive rates, especially with small phylogenies. The new LRTs are more conservative than the classical ones, having acceptable false-positive rates and reduced power.
Household transmission of haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with Escherichia coli O104:H4 in the Netherlands, May 2011
Authors: E  J Kuijper, D Soonawala, C Vermont, J T van Dissel
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Following the outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) and haemorrhagic colitis in Germany, two patients returning from a stay in Germany developed HUS due to Escherichia coli O104:H4 in the Netherlands. The index case developed symptoms eight days, and her child 15 days after their return. It is very likely that transmission resulted from secondary spread from mother to child. Recommendations should be made to prevent secondary transmission within households.
The antiphospholipid syndrome: a syndrome in evolution.
Authors: R Sinharay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

our report.'We agree that opportunistic infection was not ruled out and that the recovery after treatment with co-trimoxazole increases the likelihood of pneumocystis pneumonia.No sputum was obtained at any stage in the course of our patient's illness and bronchoalveolar lavage was not performed.We note with interest the frequency with which leucopenia and perhaps lymphopenia has been present in reported cases of P carnini infection complicating methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis.24Examination of serial blood samples before the respiratory illness in patient 1 showed a steady reduction in the lymphocyte count (1 79x 109/1 in September 1984, 1 77x 109/l in December 1984, 1-21 x 109/1 in February 1985, and 0 96x 109/1 just before presentation).After methotrexate was stopped the lymphocyte count rose to l IOx109/l in May 1985 and to 2-64x 1O9/l in June 1985.These results add
High-density lipoprotein modulates thrombosis by preventing von Willebrand factor self-association and subsequent platelet adhesion
Authors: Dominic W. Chung, Junmei Chen, Minhua Ling, Xiaoyun Fu, Teri Blevins, Scott Parsons, Jennie Le, Jeff Harris, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara A. Konkle, Ying Zheng, José A. López
Journal: Blood (2015)
Reply to C. Rusner et al, L.C. Pagliaro et al, and K. Lu
Authors: Gedske Daugaard, Maria Gry Kier, Mette Saksø Mortensen, Mads Agerbæk, Niels Vilstrup Holm, Mikael Rørth, Hans von der Maase, Ib Jarle Christensen, Jakob Lauritsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)
An open-label study of lapatinib in women with HER-2-negative early breast cancer: the lapatinib pre-surgical study (LPS study)
Authors: R.C. Coombes, T. Tat, M.L. Miller, J.A. Reise, J.L. Mansi, D.J. Hadjiminas, S. Shousha, S.E. Elsheikh, E. W-F. Lam, Y. Horimoto, M. El-Bahrawy, E.O. Aboagye, K.B. Contractor, J.A. Shaw, R.A. Walker, M.H. Marconell, C. Palmieri, J. Stebbing
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of <i>N</i>-Acetylcysteine in Cannabis-Dependent Adolescents
Authors: Kevin M. Gray, Matthew J. Carpenter, Nathaniel L. Baker, Stacia M. DeSantis, Elisabeth Kryway, Karen J. Hartwell, Aimee L. McRae-Clark, Kathleen T. Brady
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

N-acetylcysteine (1,200 mg twice a day) was added to contingency management intervention and very brief weekly cessation counseling in an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial for treatment-seeking cannabis-dependent adolescents. The rate of negative urine cannabinoid tests was 41% in the N-acetylcysteine group, compared to 27% for the placebo group. At the posttreatment follow-up visit, 19% of the urine tests in the N-acetylcysteine group were negative, compared to 10% in the placebo group. Adverse events were not common and included vivid dreams and heartburn.
Busulfan plus cyclophosphamide compared with total-body irradiation plus cyclophosphamide before marrow transplantation for myeloid leukemia: long-term follow-up of 4 randomized studies
Authors: Gérard Socié, Reginald A. Clift, Didier Blaise, Agnès Devergie, Olle Ringden, Paul J. Martin, Mats Remberger, H. Joachim Deeg, Tapani Ruutu, Mauricette Michallet, Keith M. Sullivan, Sylvie Chevret
Journal: Blood (2001)
Phase I–II study of pegylated liposomal cisplatin (SPI-077™) in patients with inoperable head and neck cancer
Authors: K.J. Harrington, C.R. Lewanski, A.D. Northcote, J. Whittaker, H. Wellbank, R.G. Vile, A.M. Peters, J.S.W. Stewart
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
Epidemiology of Murine Typhus in Texas
Authors: Jeffery P. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1986)

From 1980 through 1984, a total of 200 cases of murine typhus were reported in Texas. All cases were confirmed by the indirect fluorescent antibody assay or latex agglutination test. Patients ranged in age from 1 to 90 years (median, 35 years). Fifty-one percent were female. Seventy-four percent of the patients resided in south Texas. Illness occurred in all months of the year, but 40% of the cases had onset in April, May, or June. Annual incidence increased with age and was higher in Hispanics. Murine typhus continues to be an important public health problem in Texas.
How “weak” mindreaders inherited the earth
Authors: Cameron Buckner, Adam Shriver, Stephen Crowley, Colin Allen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Carruthers argues that an integrated faculty of metarepresentation evolved for mindreading and was later exapted for metacognition. A more consistent application of his approach would regard metarepresentation in mindreading with the same skeptical rigor, concluding that the “faculty” may have been entirely exapted. Given this result, the usefulness of Carruthers' line-drawing exercise is called into question.
Inhibition of Growth and Metastasis of Mouse Mammary Carcinoma by Selective Inhibitor of Transforming Growth Factor-β Type I Receptor Kinase<i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Rongrong Ge, Vaishali Rajeev, Partha Ray, Edmund Lattime, Susan Rittling, Satya Medicherla, Andy Protter, Alison Murphy, Jit Chakravarty, Sundeep Dugar, George Schreiner, Nicola Barnard, Michael Reiss
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) suppresses tumor development by inhibiting cellular proliferation, inducing differentiation and apoptosis, and maintaining genomic integrity. However, once tumor cells escape from the tumor-suppressive effects of TGF-beta, they often constitutively overexpress and activate TGF-beta, which may promote tumor progression by enhancing invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and by suppressing antitumor immunity. The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis using TGF-beta pathway antagonists.We examined the effects of selective TGF-beta type I receptor kinase inhibitors, SD-093 and SD-208, on two murine mammary carcinoma cell lines (R3T and 4T1) in vitro and in vivo.Both agents blocked TGF-beta-induced phosphorylation of the receptor-associated Smads, Smad2 and Smad3, in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 between 20 and 80 nmol/L. TGF-beta failed to inhibit growth of these cell lines but stimulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation, migration, and invasiveness into Matrigel in vitro. These effects were inhibited by SD-093, indicating that these processes are partly driven by TGF-beta. Treatment of syngeneic R3T or 4T1 tumor-bearing mice with orally given SD-208 inhibited primary tumor growth as well as the number and size of metastases. In contrast, SD-208 failed to inhibit R3T tumor growth or metastasis in athymic nude mice. Moreover, in vitro anti-4T1 cell cytotoxic T-cell responses of splenocytes from drug-treated animals were enhanced compared with cells from control animals. In addition, SD-208 treatment resulted in a decrease in tumor angiogenesis.TGF-beta type I receptor kinase inhibitors hold promise as novel therapeutic agents for metastatic breast cancer.
Reduction in the Incidence of Human Listeriosis in the United States
Authors: Jordan W. Tappero
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Background.</h3> —Food-borne transmission is now recognized as a major cause of human listeriosis. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the impact of prevention efforts, listeriosis rates before interventions were initiated in 1989 were compared with more recent rates (1990 through 1993). <h3>Design.</h3> —From 1989 through 1993, multistate, laboratory-based active surveillance was conducted to identify all cases in which<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>was isolated from cultures or ordinarily sterile sites in an aggregate population of more than 19 million. <h3>Setting.</h3> —All laboratories serving acute care hospitals in up to nine surveillance areas in the United States. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —In 1989, a well-publicized case report of listeriosis linked to processed poultry led US regulatory agencies to enforce aggressive food monitoring policies and prompted industry to invest in cleanup efforts. In May 1992, consumer guidelines for listeriosis prevention were disseminated. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Cases of perinatal and nonperinatal listeriosis. <h3>Results.</h3> —The rate of listeriosis decreased in all surveillance areas. Projection of these rates to the US population suggests an estimated 1965 cases and 481 deaths occurred in 1989 compared with an estimated 1092 cases and 248 deaths in 1993, a 44% and 48% reduction in illness and death, respectively. Among adults 50 years of age and older, rates declined from 16.2 per 1 million in 1989 to 10.2 per 1 million in 1993 (<i>P</i>=.02). Perinatal disease decreased from 17.4 cases per 100 000 births in 1989 to 8.6 cases per 100 000 births in 1993 (<i>P</i>=.003). Three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b) of<i>L monocytogenes</i>accounted for more than 96% of cases during each year of the study (1989 through 1993). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The incidence of listeriosis in study areas was substantially lower in 1993 than in 1989. The temporal association of this reduction with industry, regulatory, and educational efforts suggests these measures were effective. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1118-1122)
Carotene Absorption Test
Authors: J. Edward Berk
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  The report on the value of the carotene absorption test as a measure of malabsorption and consequent steatorrhea by Onstad and Zieve that appeared inThe Journal(221:677, 1972) was a most welcome reminder of a useful but neglected procedure. Some ten years ago, my associates and I employed this test in a study of intestinal absorption in patients with duodenal ulcer before and after gastric resection ( Am J Dig Dis 8:709, 1963). From our experience, we would certainly agree that the carotene absorption test is of distinct value as a screening test for malabsorption and related steatorrhea.
Predictors of postoperative pulmonary complications in children undergoing cardiothoracic surgery
Authors: Maria Niña Banque, Ma. Dulce Requiron-Sy, Maria Nerissa Atienza-De Leon, Milagros Salvani-Bautista
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) following cardiothoracic surgery remained to be alarmingly high. This study was done to determine the risk factors associated with PPCs following cardiothoracic surgery in children 6 years old and below who underwent cardiothoracic surgery from November 1, 2010-October 31, 2011 at the Philippine Heart Center.  Methods: A prospective cohort study was done among 120 patients. Thirty five risk factors were included. Outcome measures included postoperative pulmonary complications. Comparisons of categories between with and without postoperative complications were done using Chi-square and independent T-test for all continuous variables. All independent variables were entered into a binary logistic regression model.  Results: The incidence of PPCs in this study is 73%. The history of respiratory tract infection (RTI), preoperative mechanical ventilation, high pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), hypercarbia, hemoconcentration, lymphocytopenia, prolonged protime, hypoalbuminemia, high ASA and RACHS -1 scores, prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation, recovery room (RR) stay, pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay and length of postoperative hospital stay were associated with PPCs. Tidal breathing analysis was not found to be significantly associated with PPCs.  Conclusion: Fourteen out of the 35 risk factors were associated with PPCs in children 6 years old and below. With the incidence of PPCs remaining to be high especially in the lower pediatric age group, knowing the risk factors of its occurrence is of paramount importance.
Cyclin D1 Antagonizes BRCA1 Repression of Estrogen Receptor α Activity
Authors: Chenguang Wang, Saijun Fan, Zhiping Li, Maofu Fu, Mahadev Rao, Yongxian Ma, Michael P. Lisanti, Chris Albanese, Benita S. Katzenellenbogen, Peter J. Kushner, Barbara Weber, Eliot M. Rosen, Richard G. Pestell
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The cyclin D1 gene is frequently overexpressed in human breast cancer and is capable of inducing mammary tumorigenesis when overexpressed in transgenic mice. The BRCA1 breast tumor susceptibility gene product inhibits breast cancer cellular growth and the activity of several transcription factors. Herein, cyclin D1 antagonized BRCA1-mediated repression of estrogen receptor α (ERα)–dependent gene expression. Cyclin D1 repression of BRCA1 function was mediated independently of its cyclin-dependent kinase, retinoblastoma protein, or p160 (SRC-1) functions in human breast and prostate cancer cells. In vitro, cyclin D1 competed with BRCA1 for ERα binding. Cyclin D1 and BRCA1 were both capable of binding ERα in a common region of the ERα hinge domain. A novel domain of cyclin D1, predicted to form a helix-loop-helix structure, was required for binding to ERα and for rescue of BRCA1-mediated ERα transcriptional repression. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, 17β-estradiol (E2) enhanced ERα and cyclin D1 recruitment to an estrogen response element (ERE). Cyclin D1 expression enhanced ERα recruitment to an ERE. E2 reduced BRCA1 recruitment and BRCA1 expression inhibited E2-induced ERα recruitment at 12 hours. Cyclin D1 expression antagonized BRCA1 inhibition of ERα recruitment to an ERE, providing a mechanism by which cyclin D1 antagonizes BRCA1 function at an ERE. As cyclin D1 abundance is regulated by oncogenic and mitogenic signals, the antagonism of the BRCA1-mediated ERα repression by cyclin D1 may contribute to the selective induction of BRCA1-regulated target genes.
Oronasal mask <i>versus</i> helmet in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure
Authors: Lara Pisani, Chiara Mega, Rosanna Vaschetto, Andrea Bellone, Raffaele Scala, Roberto Cosentini, Muriel Musti, Manuela Del Forno, Mario Grassi, Luca Fasano, Paolo Navalesi, Stefano Nava
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The choice of the interface for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a key factor in NIV success. We hypothesised that a new helmet specifically design to improve performance in hypercapnic patients would be clinically equivalent to a standard oronasal mask. In a multicentre, short-term, physiological, randomised trial in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients facing an acute hypercapnic respiratory failure episode, we compared the changes in arterial blood gases (ABGs) and tolerance score obtained using the helmet or mask, and, as secondary end-points, dyspnoea, vital signs, early NIV discontinuation and rate of intubation. 80 patients were randomly assigned to receive NIV either with the helmet (n=39) or mask (n=41), using an intensive care unit ventilator. Compared with baseline, in the first 6 h, NIV improved ABGs, dyspnoea and respiratory rate (p&lt;0.05) in both groups. Changes in ABGs and discomfort were similar with the two groups, while dyspnoea decreased more (p&lt;0.005) using the mask. The rate of intubation and the need for interface change during the whole period of NIV were very low and not different between groups. The new helmet may be a valid alternative to a mask in improving ABGs and achieving a good tolerance during an episode of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.
Varus instability of the hallux interphalangeal joint in a taekwondo athlete
Authors: Hyun Sik Gong, Yeun Ho Kim, Moon Seok Park
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

The hallux interphalangeal joint is stable in the transverse plane and there have been only a few reports of varus instability of this joint. A case is described of varus subluxation of the hallux interphalangeal joint in a taekwondo athlete and the surgical outcome after reconstruction of the collateral ligament. Taekwondo athletes, who require fast powerful kicks, should be warned about this type of forefoot injury.
Impact of Glucose Tolerance Status, Sex, and Body Size on Glucose Absorption Patterns During OGTTs
Authors: Kristine Færch, Giovanni Pacini, John J. Nolan, Torben Hansen, Andrea Tura, Dorte Vistisen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We studied whether patterns of glucose absorption during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were abnormal in individuals with impaired glucose regulation and whether they were related to sex and body size (height and fat-free mass). We also examined how well differences in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function measured by gold-standard tests were reflected in the corresponding OGTT-derived estimates.
Unintended Consequences of Regulatory Initiatives in Childhood Cancer Drug Development
Authors: Peter C. Adamson
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

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Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in community-acquired pneumonia: the reality after a decade of uncertainty?
Authors: A. Torres, R. Menendez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a frequent infectious respiratory disease that remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The percentage of CAP patients requiring hospitalisation is not well known and probably varies from country to country, reflecting different criteria for hospitalisation and different resources available. In a very recent epidemiological study of a large series of hospitalised patients with CAP in Germany 1, the overall mortality was 14%, an apparently very high figure. When patients from nursing homes and those chronically bedridden (patients now considered as having healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)) were excluded from the analyses, the overall mortality dropped to 8%, a figure more in line with other recent European studies that excluded nursing-home patients 2.

Mortality in hospitalised CAP patients depends on several factors, including age, comorbidities, microbial aetiology, and early and adequate initial antibiotic treatment. The adequacy of initial antibiotic treatment is the only factor amenable to modification by medical intervention. Initial antibiotic treatment is frequently administered on an empirical basis. Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae (GNEB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a rare microbial cause of CAP. When these pathogens are involved, mortality increases 3. Antibiotic treatment for P. aeruginosa is completely different from the standard treatment to cover Streptococcus pneumoniae , Legionella pneumophila and atypical pathogens (the most common microorganisms causing CAP). For this reason, most of the current guidelines for CAP include recommendations to suspect and empirically treat P. aeruginosa 4.

How frequent is this problem? 10 yrs ago, Ruiz et al. 5 reported an incidence of …