tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-053 Is It Worth Repeating Previous Unremarkable Sb2 Capsules With The New Sb3?: Abstract PTU-053 Table 1
Authors: S Dunn, R Bevan, L Neilson, R Keay, C Davison, F Butt, S Panter
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) has become a valuable tool for investigating the small bowel and technology is rapidly advancing. One of the most recent devices available for capsule endoscopy (Pillcam® SB3, Given Imaging) has improved image resolution and a variable frame rate. The aim of this work is to address whether these innovations lead to increased mucosal visualisation and diagnostic yield in clinical practice and therefore whether a repeat SB3 capsule should be considered in those patients with an equivocal SB2 result. <h3>Methods</h3> A review was undertaken of the last 100 Pillcam® SB2 capsules and the first 55 Pillcam® SB3 capsules to be performed at South Tyneside District Hospital (14/01/13–12/12/13). Visualisation of the ampulla was used as a surrogate marker of mucosal visualisation and diagnostic yield was assessed by reviewing the reports. Statistical significance was calculated using Fisher’s exact test. <h3>Results</h3> Results are summarised in Table 1 below. The ampulla was visualised in 14% of SB2 capsules and 18% of SB3 capsules (p &gt; 0.05). 44% of SB2 capsules were abnormal and SB3 capsules were abnormal in 62% of cases (p &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> It is recognised that the views obtained by SBCE can be compromised in the duodenum due to “rapid transit” and previous studies have suggested that due to this the ampulla of Vater is not often seen.<sup>1</sup> Variable frame rates aim to address this by capturing more images when the capsule is moving quicker. We showed no statistically significant difference between ampullary visualisation of the SB2 and SB3 capsules, although the trend was to a higher percentage visualisation with the SB3 capsule. The overall yield of pathology from SB3 capsules was significantly higher than that in SB2 capsules. Given the overall increased yield of pathology it may be beneficial to repeat an SB3 capsule in someone with a previously equivocal SB2 result. <h3>Reference</h3> Koulaouzidis A, Rondonotti E, Karargyris A. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy: A ten-point contemporary review. <i>World Journal of Gastroenterology</i> 2013;19(24):3726–2840 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> S. Dunn Grant/research support from: Aquilant Endoscopy, R. Bevan Grant/research support from: Aquilant Endoscopy, L. Neilson: None Declared, R. Keay: None Declared, C. Davison: None Declared, F. Butt: None Declared, S. Panter: None Declared.
Carrier Molecules Displaying Dual Haptenic Presentation for in Vivo Testing to Determine IgE Antibody in Patients Allergic to Betalactams
Authors: M.I. Montanez, A.J. Ruiz-Sanchez, A. Ariza, C. Mayorga, E. Perez-Inestrosa, J.L. Rodriguez-Bada, M.D. Ruiz, M. Blanca, M.J. Torres
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND A CASE REPORT WITH NEW OBSERVATIONS
Authors: PHILIP ARNOLD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1949)

Journal Article A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND A CASE REPORT WITH NEW OBSERVATIONS Get access PHILIP ARNOLD, M.D.Lond., M.R.C.P. PHILIP ARNOLD, M.D.Lond., M.R.C.P. Recently Assistant Registrar to Skin Department, University College Hospital London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 61, Issue 2, 1 February 1949, Pages 59–66, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1949.tb11319.x Published: 01 February 1949
Improvements in Outcomes of Acute Respiratory Failure for Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-related <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> Pneumonia
Authors: J. RANDALL CURTIS, PAUL R. YARNOLD, DAVID N. SCHWARTZ, ROBERT A. WEINSTEIN, CHARLES L. BENNETT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

In the early 1990s, hospital survival among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and respiratory failure was poor, approximately 20%. We examined ICU use and outcomes for patients with acute respiratory failure from PCP from 1995 to 1997. We conducted a retrospective medical record review using a random sample of 71 hospitals in seven regions of the United States. Among 1,660 patients with confirmed or presumed PCP, 155 (9%) received mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. Factors that predicted use of mechanical ventilation, independent of severity of illness on hospital admission, included African-American ethnicity and geographic location (p ⩽ 0.002). Hospital survival for patients receiving mechanical ventilation was 38% (95% CI 30, 46). Controlling for severity of illness, patients who were on PCP prophylaxis prior to developing PCP were less likely to survive to hospital discharge (p ⩽ 0.02). There were no significant differences in hospital survival regardless of whether patients had received less than or more than 5 d of PCP treatment prior to respiratory failure (39 versus 29%; p = 0.5). In conclusion, from 1995 to 1997, hospital survival after PCP requiring mechanical ventilation was approximately 40%. Physicians caring for patients with severe HIV-related PCP should be aware of the improvements in outcomes for this disease before making recommendations about withholding or withdrawing ventilatory support for respiratory failure.
THE EFFECTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE INHALATION UPON THE CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND CEREBRAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN VASCULAR DISEASE 1
Authors: Paul Novack, Henry A. Shenkin, Leonard Bortin, Bernard Goluboff, Alvin M. Soffe, Peter Batson, Doris Golden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1953)

30 7.23 51 60 6.0 6.1 S. W. 14.9 15.3 54.4 55.3 7.33 7.29 51 56 9.4 9.4 9.4 59.9 7.30 7.28 55 60 5.4 5.9 F. B. 14.6 14.8 40.1 44.7 7.31 7.25 39 49 7.3 4.5 46.6 49.6 7.28 7.22 47 58 7.3 4.5 S. G. 19.4 19.9 40.8 43.6 7.36 7.33 38 43 12.4 14.7 47.7 48.6 7.33 7.30 40 47 7.1 5.3 M. H. 17.9 17.9 39.6 46.8 7.42 7.33 32 45 10.6 13.5 46.9 50.9 7.39 7.29 36 51 7.3 4.3 D. M. 18.8 19.3 46.8 49.4 7.29 7.29 47 52 12.3 14.7 55.3 54.7 7.28 7.28 57 59 6.6 4.6 S. R.16.5 17.6 51.4 52.5 7.34 7.31 48 53 11.3 14.2 55.4 56.3 7.29 7.27 57 62 5.2 3.4 A. H. 15.4 15.1 46.6 51.0 7.39 7.34 40 48 6.3 9.2 56.3 56.6 7.39 7.33 48 53 9.1 6.0 S. K. 20.2 20.2 50.9 51.8 7.39 7.33 45 51 13.5 14.4 57.6 57.1 7.33 7.29 51 57 6.6 5.7 E. G. 15.0 14.9 50.9 52.2 7.33 7.30 48 52 10.0 11.3 55.5 55.8 7.29 7.27 54 60 5.0 3.5 S. P.11.9 11.0 48.5 51.6 7.38 7.28 42 53 5.3 8.8 54.5 54.6 7.32 7.26 49 56 6.6 3.2 D. 0. 12.1 12.1 48.2 51.0 7.41 7.35 37 45 5.4 8.0 54.7 55.1 7.35 7.32 46 50 6.7 4.1 Mean 16.1 16.4 47.1 49.9t 7.36 7.30t 43 s ot 9.6 11.2t 53.6 54.5t 7.32 7.28t 49 56t 6.6 4.7t * A: Arterial.V: Venous.02: Oxygen content.CO2:
Inhibition of human neutrophils by auranofin: chemotaxis and metabolism of arachidonate via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.
Authors: J Elmgreen, I Ahnfelt-Ronne, O H Nielsen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

The effect of auranofin on human neutrophil (PMN) 5-lipoxygenase activity and leucotriene B4 (LTB4) chemotaxis was investigated. [1-14C]Arachidonic acid was incorporated into the purified cells until steady state conditions were obtained. After preincubations with serial dilutions of auranofin arachidonic acid release and metabolism were stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187. The radioactive eicosanoids released were extracted and separated by thin layer chromatography, followed by autoradiography and quantitative laser densitometry. Chemotaxis of PMNs towards LTB4 was measured in a modified Boyden chamber. Auranofin showed dose dependent inhibition of both the 5-lipoxygenase pathway (IC50 17.4 X 10(-6) mol/l) and of chemotaxis (IC50 45 X 10(-6) mol/l). The release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids was unaffected in the concentration range tested (1-1000 mumol/l). Inhibition of both neutrophil motility and cellular synthesis of proinflammatory eicosanoids may thus contribute to the beneficial clinical effects of auranofin in rheumatoid arthritis.
Incidence and risk factors for drug intolerance and association with incomplete treatment for tuberculosis: analysis of national case registers for England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2001–2010: Table 1
Authors: Catherine Smith, Ibrahim Abubakar, H Lucy Thomas, Laura Anderson, Marc Lipman, Mark Reacher
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Anti-tuberculosis drug regimens are efficacious, but drug intolerance can be severe and may impact on treatment completion rates. The Enhanced Tuberculosis Surveillance (ETS) system is a case register of all new notifications of tuberculosis in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. We conducted a cohort study to estimate the incidence of, and risk factors for, drug intolerance reported through ETS between 2001 and 2010 and to assess its relationship with treatment non-completion. Reports of drug intolerance were found for 868/67 547 (1.28%) patients in the cohort, and important risk factors were female sex, older age, later case report year and white ethnicity. Drug intolerance was associated with an approximate fivefold increased odds of treatment non-completion (p&lt;0.001). These results highlight the need for better-tolerated drug regimens and close case management of patients at risk of drug intolerance to improve treatment completion rates and contribute to more effective disease control.
Double combination therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart defects
Authors: Nicole Rizzo, Elisa Conficoni, Massimiliano Palazzini, Enri Leci, Enrico Gotti, Gaia Mazzanti, Francesca Terzi, Alessandra Manes, Elena Beciani, Francesca Sciarra, Cristina Bachetti, Federica Sgro, Nazzareno Galiè
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Purpose:  Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart defects (PAH-CHD) are currently treated with targeted therapy. According to recent guidelines PAH-CHD patients with inadequate clinical response should also be treated with combination therapy (CT). We assessed the effects of double CT in a group of PAH-CHD patients.   Methods:  In the last 6 years, 43 adult patients with PAH-CHD (age 43±14 ys, 65% females) already treated with monotherapy were included. Twenty-nine were treated with bosentan (125 mg bid) and 14 were treated with sidenafil (20 or 25 mg tid). Twelve patients had a ventricular septal defect, 5 patients had an atrial septal defect, 5 had a patent ductus arteriosus, 8 had combined defects, and 13 had corrected defects. At baseline and after CT (with sildenafil or bosentan according with the first-line treatment) 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and right-heart catheterization were performed.   Results:  One patient did not perform 6MWT and another one did not undergo RHC after combination therapy. The table shows the haemodynamic and functional changes after a mean treatment period of 4.8±2.1 months of CT.   Conclusions:  CT improves exercise capacity and hemodynamics in patients with PAH-CHD already on monotherapy. Sequential CT appears to be an appropriate approach also in patients with PAH-CHD.
Evaluation of Alternate Size Descriptors for Dose Calculation of Anticancer Drugs in the Obese
Authors: Alex Sparreboom, Antonio C. Wolff, Ron H.J. Mathijssen, Etienne Chatelut, Eric K. Rowinsky, Jaap Verweij, Sharyn D. Baker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose Despite the rising prevalence of obesity, there is paucity of information describing how doses of anticancer drugs should be adjusted in clinical practice. Here, we assessed the pharmacokinetics of eight anticancer drugs in adults and evaluated the potential utility of alternative weight descriptors in dose calculation for the obese. Patients and Methods A total of 1,206 adult cancer patients were studied, of whom 162 (13.4%) were obese (body mass index ≥ 30). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis, and compared between lean (body mass index ≤ 25) and obese patients. Results The absolute clearance of cisplatin, paclitaxel, and troxacitabine was significantly increased in the obese (P &lt; .023), but this was not observed for carboplatin, docetaxel, irinotecan, or topotecan (P &lt; .17). For doxorubicin, the systemic clearance was statistically significantly reduced in obese women (P = .013), but not in obese men (P = .52). Evaluation of alternate weight descriptors for dose calculation in the obese, including predicted normal weight, lean body mass, (adjusted) ideal body weight, and the mean of ideal and actual body weight, indicated that, for most of the evaluated drugs, weight scalars used to calculate body-surface area should consider actual body weight regardless of size. Conclusion The results suggest that a number of widely used empiric strategies for dose adjustments in obese patients, including a priori dose reduction or dose capping, should be discouraged.
Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (CLEOPATRA study): overall survival results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study
Authors: Sandra M Swain, Sung-Bae Kim, Javier Cortés, Jungsil Ro, Vladimir Semiglazov, Mario Campone, Eva Ciruelos, Jean-Marc Ferrero, Andreas Schneeweiss, Adam Knott, Emma Clark, Graham Ross, Mark C Benyunes, José Baselga
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
Aminergic histofluorescence and contractile responses to transmural electrical field stimulation and norepinephrine of human middle cerebral arteries obtained promptly after death.
Authors: J W Duckworth, G C Wellman, C L Walters, J A Bevan
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The responses of cerebral arteries to catecholamines and sympathetic nerve stimulation show wide variation between animal species. We examined the catecholaminergic histofluorescence and the contractile responses elicited by transmural electrical field stimulation and norepinephrine (NE) in proximal segments of human middle cerebral artery (MCA) obtained during autopsy. Twenty-four percent of the specimens were obtained within 2 hours and 76% within 4 hours of death. A moderately dense catecholaminergic histofluorescence was seen in all segments of human MCA using the glyoxylic acid technique, counterstained with pontamine sky blue. However, only seven of 35 (20%) MCA segments tested showed tetrodotoxin-blocked transmural electrical field stimulation contractions, and all of these were harvested within 4 hours of death. The responses were mostly seen in the most proximal MCA segments and, at 32 Hz, only achieved 6 +/- 1% of the maximal tissue contraction. NE caused two distinct responses in human MCA segments. At low concentrations, it acts via an alpha-like adrenoreceptor to cause contractions 20 +/- 3% of the maximal tissue response. The NE ED50s for the three successive segments were not different from each other; the value for the most-proximal segment was 7.9 +/- 0.2 x 10(-7) M. At concentrations above 10(-5) M, this catecholamine acts on low-affinity sites resistant to alpha-adrenergic antagonists causing contractions that at 10(-3) M reach 52 +/- 5% of the maximal tissue response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute gastrointestinal permeability responses to different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: E Smecuol
Journal: Gut (2001)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause gastrointestinal damage both in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. New anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed in an attempt to improve their gastrointestinal side effect profile. Our objective was to compare the effect on gastrointestinal permeability of acute equieffective doses of four different NSAIDs; three were designed to reduce gastrointestinal mucosal injury. MATERIALS Healthy volunteers underwent sugar tests in a randomised fashion, 15 days apart, at: (1) baseline; (2) after two days of 75 mg slow release (microspheres) indomethacin; (3) after two days of 7.5 mg oral meloxicam which preferentially inhibits cyclooxygenase 2; and (4) after two days of 750 mg naproxen. A subgroup of subjects was tested after two days of 200 mg celecoxib. In each test, subjects ingested a solution containing sucrose, lactulose, and mannitol and sucralose, to evaluate gastroduodenal, intestinal, and colonic permeability, respectively. RESULTS Gastric permeability was significantly affected by naproxen (p<0.05) but not by slow release indomethacin, meloxicam, or celecoxib. Intestinal permeability was significantly increased by the first three NSAIDs (p<0.05) but not by celecoxib. Abnormal lactulose/mannitol ratios were observed in 42% of meloxicam treatments, in 62% during indomethacin, and in 75% of subjects treated with naproxen. Finally, colonic permeability, as measured by sucralose, was not significantly increased by any of the four drugs. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that the newly developed NSAIDs reduce gastric mucosal permeability significantly. However, most produced significant alteration of small intestinal permeability. In contrast, our results suggest that celecoxib seems to exhibit the most desirable gastrointestinal side effect profile.
Value of small intestinal bile acid analysis in the diagnosis of the stagnant loop syndrome
Authors: T. C. Northfield, B. S. Drasar, J. T. Wright
Journal: Gut (1973)

We have studied simple methods of analysing bile acids in human small intestinal aspirates, in order to assess their suitability for the routine clinical investigation of patients with steatorrhoea. Following extraction into methanol, samples were analysed qualitatively for bile acid deconjugation by thin-layer chromatography and quantitatively by the 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme assay. These methods were found to give good recoveries, and to be sensitive, accurate, and specific, in addition to being sufficiently simple and rapid for routine diagnostic purposes. This diagnostic procedure was applied to the identification of patients with steatorrhoea due to the stagnant loop syndrome, and was compared with other tests for this condition, viz, study of the small intestinal bacterial flora, urinary indican excretion, and the Schilling test with added intrinsic factor. Three groups of subjects were studied; group I consisted of nine patients with steatorrhoea due to the stagnant loop syndrome; group II (disease control group) of six patients with an anatomical stagnant loop that was not causing steatorrhoea; and group III (normal control group) of 11 subjects with no known gastrointestinal disease. The screening of postprandial upper jejunal samples for bile acid deconjugation proved the most useful diagnostic test, being positive in eight out of nine patients from group I, but in none of those from groups II and III. At lower levels of the small intestine, bile acid deconjugation was found in subjects from groups II and III. The other three diagnostic tests discriminated poorly between subjects from group I and those from group II.
Failure of colonoscopic surveillance in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: D A Lynch, A J Lobo, G M Sobala, M F Dixon, A T Axon
Journal: Gut (1993)

A prospective surveillance programme for patients with longstanding (&gt; = 8 years), extensive (&gt; = splenic flexure) ulcerative colitis was undertaken between 1978 and 1990. It comprised annual colonoscopy with pancolonic biopsy. One hundred and sixty patients were entered into the programme and had 739 colonoscopies (4.6 colonoscopies per patient; 709 patient years follow up). Eight eight per cent of examinations reached the right colon. There was no procedure related death. One Dukes9s A cancer was detected. Forty one patients (25%) defaulted. Of these 25 remain well; 13 are unaccounted for, and one died from colonic cancer. One patient had colectomy for medical reasons, and another died of carcinoma of the pancreas. Retrospectively an additional 16 eligible patients were identified who had not been recruited. Of these, 14 remain well, two are unaccounted for. None developed colonic cancer. Four patients refused colonoscopy. All remain well. Over the same period seven other cases of colonic cancer were found in association with ulcerative colitis, two in patients who had erroneously been diagnosed as having only proctitis and were therefore not entered into the programme, but were found at operation to have total colitis, one in a patient with colitis of seven years duration, and four patients who had previously attended the clinic but had been lost to follow up before 1978 and then had represented with new symptoms during the surveillance period. Thus, of the nine colitis related cancers diagnosed in this centre during the study period only one was detected by the surveillance programme. The results of this large study, a a review of published works, cast doubts on the effectiveness of colonoscopic surveillance programmes in detecting colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Evidence of functional and structural cardiac abnormalities in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites
Authors: M Pozzi, S Carugo, G Boari, V Pecci, S de Ceglia, S Maggiolini, G B Bolla, L Roffi, M Failla, G Grassi, C Giannattasio, G Mancia
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Cirrhosis is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities. Scanty information is available as to whether these include left ventricle diastolic dysfunction and wall thickness increase. To this aim in 27 cirrhotic patients with tense ascites, 17 cirrhotic patients with previous episodes of ascites (not actual), and 11 controls we investigated by echocardiography and echocolor Doppler left ventricle diastolic function (E wave, A wave, E/A ratio, deceleration time of E wave), systolic function (ejection fraction), and wall thickness (left ventricle posterior wall thickness + interventricular septum thickness) along with neurohumoral variables. All measurements (supine position) were repeated after total paracentesis (10.7 +/- 0.6 L of ascites) in ascitic patients. Both in patients with and without ascites E/A ratio was reduced as compared with controls (0.93 +/- 0.07 and 0.97 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.18 +/- 0.08, P < .05) while left ventricle wall thickness was increased (18.6 +/- 0.6 and 20.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 17.2 +/- 0.7, P < .05 and P < .01, respectively), irrespective of the postviral or alcoholic cause of liver disease. In all cirrhotics both right and left atrial and right ventricle diameters were significantly greater. Ejection fraction was slightly but significantly (P < .01) reduced in ascitic patients. Paracentesis induced a reduction of the highly increased basal plasma renin activity, aldosterone, norepinephrine (P < .01), and epinephrine (P < .05) and improved diastolic function (E/A, P < .05). Systolic function was unaffected. Thus, irrespective of ascites and cause, advanced cirrhosis is associated with left ventricle diastolic dysfunction and wall thickness increase. We can speculate that neurohumoral overactivity, known to stimulate cardiac tissue growth, may challenge the heart, promoting fibrosis and exerting a further hindrance to ventricular relaxation in patients with cirrhosis experiencing episodes of ascites.