tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary prevention of diclofenac associated ulcers and dyspepsia by omeprazole or triple therapy in Helicobacter pylori positive patients: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, clinical trial
Authors: J Labenz
Journal: Gut (2002)

<b>Background:</b> There is much controversy as to whether or not treatment of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> reduces the occurrence of peptic ulcers during therapy with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). <b>Aim:</b> To assess the efficacy of triple therapy or omeprazole on the occurrence of diclofenac associated ulcers in <i>H pylori</i> positive patients. <b>Methods:</b> This was a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, multicentre trial in <i>H pylori</i> positive patients requiring NSAID therapy who had no past or current peptic ulcer. They received diclofenac 50 mg twice daily for five weeks in combination with one of the four randomly assigned treatments: anti-<i>H pylori</i> treatment for one week (omeprazole 20 mg+clarithromycin 500 mg+amoxicillin 1 g, all twice daily) followed by placebo for four weeks (OAC-P); anti-<i>H pylori</i> treatment for one week followed by antisecretory treatment with omeprazole 20 mg once daily for four weeks (OAC-O); omeprazole 20 mg once daily for five weeks (O-O); or placebo for five weeks (P-P). Patients were endoscoped before and after treatment. <b>Results:</b> Data from 660 patients were included in an intention to treat analysis. The occurrence of peptic ulcers in the four treatment groups during the study period was: 1.2% for OAC-P, 1.2% for OAC-O, 0% for O-O, and 5.8% for P-P (p&lt;0.05 between placebo and all active treatment groups). Patients who received active treatment developed therapy requiring dyspeptic symptoms less frequently than those who received placebo (p&lt;0.05 between placebo and all active treatment groups). <b>Conclusions:</b> In <i>H pylori</i> infected patients, all three active therapies reduced the occurrence of NSAID associated peptic ulcer and dyspeptic symptoms requiring therapy.
A role for surface lymphotoxin in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis independent of LIGHT
Authors: Jennifer L. Gommerman, Keith Giza, Stuart Perper, Irene Sizing, Apinya Ngam-ek, Cheryl Nickerson-Nutter, Jeffrey L. Browning
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

In studies using genetically deficient mice, a role for the lymphotoxin (LT) system in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has remained controversial. Here, we have reassessed this conclusion by using a fusion protein decoy that blocks the LT pathway in vivo without evoking the developmental defects inherent in LT-deficient mice. We have found that inhibition of the LT pathway prevented disease in two models of EAE that do not rely on the administration of pertussis toxin. Surprisingly, disease attenuation was due to specific blockade of LTalphabeta binding rather than the binding of LIGHT to its receptors. In a third system that requires pertussis toxin, LT inhibition did not affect disease, as was observed when the same model was used with LT-deficient mice. Disease prevention in pertussis toxin-free models was associated with defects in T cell responses and migration. When the DO11.10 T cell transgenic system was used, inhibition of the LT pathway was shown to uncouple T cell priming from T cell recall responses. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the LT pathway and its ability to maintain lymphoid microenvironments is critical for sustaining late-phase T cell responses in multiple sclerosis.
Diagnosis of hepatic nodules 20 mm or smaller in cirrhosis: Prospective validation of the noninvasive diagnostic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Alejandro Forner, Ramón Vilana, Carmen Ayuso, Lluís Bianchi, Manel Solé, Juan Ramón Ayuso, Loreto Boix, Margarita Sala, María Varela, Josep M Llovet, Concepció Brú, Jordi Bruix
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

This study prospectively evaluates the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of nodules 20 mm or smaller detected during ultrasound (US) surveillance. We included 89 patients with cirrhosis [median age, 65 years; male 53, hepatitis C virus 68, Child-Pugh A 80] without prior hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in whom US detected a small solitary nodule (mean diameter, 14 mm). Hepatic MRI, CEUS, and fine-needle biopsy (gold standard) (FNB) were performed at baseline. Non-HCC cases were followed (median 23 months) by CEUS/3 months and MRI/6 months. FNB was repeated up to 3 times and on detection of change in aspect/size. Intense arterial contrast uptake followed by washout in the delayed/venous phase was registered as conclusive for HCC. Final diagnoses were: HCC (n = 60), cholangiocarcinoma (n = 1), and benign lesions (regenerative/dysplastic nodule, hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia) (n = 28). Sex, cirrhosis cause, liver function, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were similar between HCC and non-HCC groups. HCC patients were older and their nodules significantly larger ( P &lt; 0.0001). First biopsy was positive in 42 of 60 HCC patients. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of conclusive profile were 61.7%, 96.6%, 97.4%, and 54.9%, for MRI, 51.7%, 93.1%, 93.9%, and 50.9%, for CEUS. Values for coincidental conclusive findings in both techniques were 33.3%, 100%, 100%, and 42%. Thus, diagnosis of HCC 20 mm or smaller can be established without a positive biopsy if both CEUS and MRI are conclusive. However, sensitivity of these noninvasive criteria is 33% and, as occurs with biopsy, absence of a conclusive pattern does not rule out malignancy. These results validate the American Association for the Study of Liver Disease (AASLD) guidelines. (Hepatology 2007.)
Growth hormone-releasing peptide can improve left ventricular dysfunction and attenuate dilation in dilated cardiomyopathic hamsters
Authors: M Iwase
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: The mammalian heart contains specific growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) binding sites whose physiological significance is unknown. We sought to compare the effects of GHRP and GH on progressive left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in the TO-2 hamster model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods: TO-2 hamsters (8 weeks old) were injected with GHRP-6 (100 μg/kg day), GH (2 mg/kg day), or saline for 4 weeks; F1B hamsters served as controls. LV functional and structural changes were evaluated by echocardiography and pathology. Results: The increase in body weight of GH-treated TO-2 hamsters was greater than that of animals in the other two groups. Plasma GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations were not increased by GHRP-6. LV fractional shortening (LVFS) decreased from 42.0±2.6% to 25.4±1.8% and the LV end-diastolic dimension (LVDd) increased from 4.0±0.1 to 5.0±0.1 mm in untreated TO-2 hamsters between 8 and 12 weeks. LVFS was substantially improved by treatment with GHRP-6 (33.4±2.0%) or GH (32.0±2.1%). The LVDd was significantly smaller in animals treated with GHRP-6 than in those treated with GH. The cross-sectional LV myocyte area and the amount of atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA in the LV were increased by GH but not by GHRP-6. Treatment woth GH at a lower dose (0.2 mg/(kg day)) exerted minimal cardiac and systematic growth effects without improving LV function. Conclusion: GHRP can ameliorate the development of progressive LV dysfunction independently of the GH-IGF-1 axis, suggesting a potential new approach to the heart failure.
Association of Vitiligo and Alopecia Areata With Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Girish C. Mohan, Jonathan I. Silverberg
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

IMPORTANCE Previous studies found conflicting results as to whether atopic dermatitis (AD) is increased in patients with vitiligo and alopecia areata (AA).OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of AD between patients with either vitiligo or AA and those without these disorders by performing a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Cerebral metastases in metastatic breast cancer: disease-specific risk factors and survival
Authors: F. Heitz, J. Rochon, P. Harter, H.-J. Lueck, A. Fisseler-Eckhoff, J. Barinoff, A. Traut, F. Lorenz-Salehi, A. du Bois
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Caution in the Use of Immunohistochemistry for Determination of Cell of Origin in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Mary Gleeson, Eliza A. Hawkes, David Cunningham, Andrew Jack, David Linch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

TO THE EDITOR: The article by Nowakowski et al 1 reported the results from their phase II study, in which lenalidomide was administered in addition to standard first-line R-CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) to 64 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In that study, the authors compared the study cohort to an historical control group of 87 patients who received R-CHOP alone. They concluded that the additionoflenalidomide25mg(administeredfromday1today10)to R-CHOP overcomes the inferior prognosis associated with non‐ germinal center B-cell or activated B-cell (ABC) types of DLBCL treated with R-CHOP alone. The rationale for selecting the ABC subtype of DLBCL (ABCDLBCL) as a targeted subgroup for treatment with lenalidomide is strong,becausethisagentisaknowninhibitorofthenuclearfactorB pathway that is constitutively activated in ABC-DLBCL 2,3 ; however, we would advise caution in the interpretation of the results of Nowakowski et al. First, an historical control group was used for the comparison. Second and more important, the Hans algorithm, an immunohistochemistry(IHC)method,wasusedtodeterminethecell
Human complement in thrombin-mediated platelet function: uptake of the C5b-9 complex.
Authors: M J Polley, R L Nachman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Thrombin-mediated platelet aggregation and release is enhanced by the presence of C3, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 of human complement. The interaction of thrombin with its receptor on the platelet membrane initiates activation of complement on the platelet surface. Trypsin-mediated platelet function is not enhanced by the addition of complement, probably because trypsin has no receptor on the platelet surface so activation of complement is triggered in the fluid phase and not on the platelet surface. Activation of complement by thrombin led to production of dimers of the C5b-9 complex on the platelet surface. These complexes were eluted from the platelet membrane and were identified physicochemically and morphologically. The mechanism of complement-induced enhancement of platelet function is not clear, however, it probably is mediated via the arachidonic acid transormation pathway because this activity was blocked by known inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase, namely, aspirin and indomethacin.
Tumor Virologists' Reunion Recalls Century of Research
Authors: E. Blume
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Tumor Virologists' Reunion Recalls Century of Research Get access Elaine Blume Elaine Blume Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 2, 15 January 1992, Pages 78–79, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.2.78 Published: 15 January 1992
Overexpression of GLUT5 in Diabetic Muscle Is Reversed by Pioglitazone
Authors: Charles A. Stuart, Mary E.A. Howell, Deling Yin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

This study was undertaken to quantify the expression of muscle GLUT in type 2 diabetes and to determine if treatment with an insulin-enhancing thiazolidenedione drug, pioglitazone, would alter its expression.Twelve patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to treatment with either pioglitazone or placebo in a double-blinded 8-week protocol. Protein and mRNA for GLUT4 and GLUT5 were quantified in muscle homogenates from biopsies of vastus lateralis before and after treatment. The five additional GLUT family isoforms expressed in muscle had mRNA quantified in these samples.Baseline and posttreatment repeat measurements of GLUT4 protein were not different from control measurements. Compared with normal subjects, GLUT5 protein increased 2.5-fold, and GLUT5 mRNA was 82% higher in the pretreatment samples from the diabetic subjects. Concentrations of mRNA for the six other GLUTs (GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT8, GLUT11, and GLUT12) were not different from control subjects before or after treatment. The proportion of type I (red) fibers (46%) in diabetic muscle was not affected by pioglitazone treatment. Pioglitazone treatment decreased muscle GLUT5 mRNA and protein by 52 and 40%, respectively, whereas placebo did not alter GLUT5 expression. Both red and white fibers had higher GLUT5 expression in the baseline diabetic muscle samples, and a pioglitazone-related decrease in GLUT5 protein also occurred in both.GLUT5 was dramatically increased in diabetic muscle, and pioglitazone treatment reversed this overexpression. The role of this fructose transporter expression in the insulin-enhancing effect of pioglitazone in muscle is unclear.
Perturbation of Rb, p53, and Brca1 or Brca2 Cooperate in Inducing Metastatic Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ludmila Szabova, Chaoying Yin, Sujata Bupp, Theresa M. Guerin, Jerome J. Schlomer, Deborah B. Householder, Maureen L. Baran, Ming Yi, Yurong Song, Wenping Sun, Jonathan E. McDunn, Philip L. Martin, Terry Van Dyke, Simone Difilippantonio
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The majority of human high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (SEOC) is characterized by frequent mutations in p53 and alterations in the RB and FOXM1 pathways. A subset of human SEOC harbors a combination of germline and somatic mutations as well as epigenetic dysfunction for BRCA1/2. Using Cre-conditional alleles and intrabursal induction by Cre-expressing adenovirus in genetically engineered mice, we analyzed the roles of pathway perturbations in epithelial ovarian cancer initiation and progression. Inactivation of RB-mediated tumor suppression induced surface epithelial proliferation with progression to stage I carcinoma. Additional biallelic inactivation and/or missense p53 mutation in the presence or absence of Brca1/2 caused progression to stage IV disease. As in human SEOC, mice developed peritoneal carcinomatosis, ascites, and distant metastases. Unbiased gene expression and metabolomic profiling confirmed that Rb, p53, and Brca1/2-triple mutant tumors aligned with human SEOC, and not with other intraperitoneal cancers. Together, our findings provide a novel resource for evaluating disease etiology and biomarkers, therapeutic evaluation, and improved imaging strategies in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res; 72(16); 4141–53. ©2012 AACR.
Factors in the Description and Grouping of Alcoholics
Authors: Richard C. Evenson, Harold Altman, Ivan W. Sletten, Raymond R. Knowles
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Data collected from 1,023 alcoholic inpatients by means of a self-rating instrument were used to explore the dimensions and subgroupings of alcoholism. Fifteen factors derived from a factor analysis reflected the variety of psychological and social dimensions of the problem. Three subtypes of alcoholism emerged from an inverted (Q) factor analysis. These subtypes were characterized by means of a linear discriminant function analysis. Two subtypes appeared to be related primarily to severity, and the third primarily to sex and marital variables.
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia: clinical features, associations and prognosis
Authors: S-I. Cha, M. B. Fessler, C. D. Cool, M. I. Schwarz, K. K. Brown
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is rare and its clinical course incompletely described. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical features, associations and prognosis of surgical lung biopsy-proven LIP. The study group consisted of 15 subjects encountered over a 14-yr period. The majority of subjects were females (n = 11) and the mean age was 47 yrs (range 17–78 yrs). Underlying systemic immune disorders were frequent, including Sjögren's syndrome (n = 8), rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, common variable immunodeficiency and dysproteinaemia. Only three patients were classified as “idiopathic”. Presenting symptoms were dominated by dyspnoea and cough. Restrictive physiology, reduced diffusion capacity (62.5±18.4% predicted) and bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytosis (30.5±29.1% pred) were noted. Thirteen patients received corticosteroid therapy. Of the nine whose response could be assessed, four showed clinical improvement and four were stable. Overall, median survival was 11.5 yrs. Of the seven patients who died, respiratory problems were the primary cause of death in three. Conversion to lymphoma was not identified. In conclusion, histopathological lymphoid interstitial pneumonia is commonly associated with immune system dysregulation, with idiopathic lymphoid interstitial pneumonia being extremely rare. Clinical stability or improvement with corticosteroids can be expected; however, survival remains impaired.
A Guide to Reading Health Care News Stories
Authors: Gary Schwitzer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

From April 16, 2006, through May 30, 2013, a team of reviewers from HealthNewsReview.org, many of whom were physicians, evaluated the reporting by US news organizations on new medical treatments, tests, products, and procedures. After reviewing 1889 stories (approximately 43% newspaper articles, 30% wire or news services stories, 15% online pieces [including those by broadcast and magazine companies], and 12% network television stories), the reviewers graded most stories unsatisfactory on 5 of 10 review criteria: costs, benefits, harms, quality of the evidence, and comparison of the new approach with alternatives. Drugs, medical devices, and other interventions were usually portrayed positively; potential harms were minimized, and costs were ignored. Our findings can help journalists improve their news stories and help physicians and the public better understand the strengths and weaknesses of news media coverage of medical and health topics.
Upregulation of IL15RA in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Promotes Tumour Cell Growth and Motility and Can Activate an Immune Cell Response
Authors: P. Marra, S. Mathew, A. Grigoriadis, Y. Wu, F. Kyle-Cezar, J. Watkins, S. Hessey, P. Gazinska, A. Hayday, A. Tutt
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Ovarian Cancer Early Detection Claims Are Biased
Authors: Martin McIntosh, Garnet Anderson, Charles Drescher, Samir Hanash, Nicole Urban, Pat Brown, Sanjiv Sam Gambhir, George Coukos, Peter W. Laird, Brad Nelson, Chana Palmer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

To the Editors: Visintin et al. ([1][1]) claim the ability to detect ovarian cancer early and with 95.3% sensitivity and 99.4% specificity. Several serious methodologic issues lead us to conclude that these figures are greatly exaggerated.

In their article, six proteins are used to compare the
A novel approach to identify driver genes involved in androgen-independent prostate cancer
Authors: Ellyn N Schinke, Victor Bii, Arun Nalla, Dustin T Rae, Laura Tedrick, Gary G Meadows, Grant D Trobridge
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2014)

Insertional mutagenesis screens have been used with great success to identify oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Typically, these screens use gammaretroviruses (γRV) or transposons as insertional mutagens. However, insertional mutations from replication-competent γRVs or transposons that occur later during oncogenesis can produce passenger mutations that do not drive cancer progression. Here, we utilized a replication-incompetent lentiviral vector (LV) to perform an insertional mutagenesis screen to identify genes in the progression to androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). Prostate cancer cells were mutagenized with a LV to enrich for clones with a selective advantage in an androgen-deficient environment provided by a dysregulated gene(s) near the vector integration site. We performed our screen using an in vitro AIPC model and also an in vivo xenotransplant model for AIPC. Our approach identified proviral integration sites utilizing a shuttle vector that allows for rapid rescue of plasmids in E. coli that contain LV long terminal repeat (LTR)-chromosome junctions. This shuttle vector approach does not require PCR amplification and has several advantages over PCR-based techniques. Proviral integrations were enriched near prostate cancer susceptibility loci in cells grown in androgen-deficient medium (p < 0.001), and five candidate genes that influence AIPC were identified; ATPAF1, GCOM1, MEX3D, PTRF, and TRPM4. Additionally, we showed that RNAi knockdown of ATPAF1 significantly reduces growth (p < 0.05) in androgen-deficient conditions. Our approach has proven effective for use in PCa, identifying a known prostate cancer gene, PTRF, and also several genes not previously associated with prostate cancer. The replication-incompetent shuttle vector approach has broad potential applications for cancer gene discovery, and for interrogating diverse biological and disease processes.
Workshops of the Fifth International Brain-Computer Interface Meeting: Defining the Future
Authors: Jane E. Huggins, Christoph Guger, Brendan Allison, Charles W. Anderson, Aaron Batista, Anne-Marie Brouwer, Clemens Brunner, Ricardo Chavarriaga, Melanie Fried-Oken, Aysegul Gunduz, Disha Gupta, Andrea Kübler, Robert Leeb, Fabien Lotte, Lee E. Miller, Gernot Müller-Putz, Tomasz Rutkowski, Michael Tangermann, David Edward Thompson
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2014)

The Fifth International Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Meeting met on 3–7 June 2013 at the Asilomar Conference Grounds, Pacific Grove, California, USA. The conference included 19 workshops covering topics in brain-computer interface and brain-machine interface research. Topics included translation of BCIs into clinical use, standardization and certification, types of brain activity to use for BCI, recording methods, the effects of plasticity, special interest topics in BCIs applications, and future BCI directions. BCI research is well established and transitioning to practical use to benefit people with physical impairments. At the same time, new applications are being explored, both for people with physical impairments and beyond. Here we provide summaries of each workshop, illustrating the breadth and depth of BCI research and highlighting important issues for future research and development.