tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MOBILIZATION OF ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS IN ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS: TIME-COURSE AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND STROKE
Authors: Ander Regueiro, Elisa Cuadrado-Godia, Carlos Bueno-Beti, Maribel Diaz-Ricart, Anna Oliveras, Susana Novella, Isaac Subirana, José Tomás Ortiz-Pérez, Xavier Freixa, Ginés Escolar, Julio Nuñez, Carlos Hermenegildo, Jaume Marrugat (De La Iglesia), Miguel Angel Valverde, Jaume Roquer, Juan Sanchis, Merce Roque
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Effect of pregnancy on moderate renal failure in reflux nephropathy.
Authors: G J Becker, B U Ihle, K F Fairley, M Bastos, P Kincaid-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1986)

During a 10 year study of women with reflux nephropathy 20 women had plasma creatinine concentrations in the range 0.2-0.4 mmol/l (2.3-4.5 mg/100 ml). Six experienced pregnancies exceeding 12 weeks9 gestation. Pregnancy was associated with rapid deterioration in function in all six, resulting in end stage renal failure in four women within two years after delivery despite adequate control of blood pressure. Of the 14 women who did not have a prolonged pregnancy, four had periods of uncontrolled hypertension, all of which were related to non-compliance or loss from follow up, or both. Uncontrolled hypertension was also associated with accelerated renal failure, and all four women progressed quickly to end stage renal failure. The remaining 10 women were observed for from five to 10 years; in all 10 renal function deteriorated slowly, and none reached end stage renal failure within seven years. It is concluded that pregnancy in patients with reflux nephropathy and moderately severe renal failure has a deleterious effect on renal function.
Influences of practice characteristics on prescribing in fundholding and non-fundholding general practices: an observational study
Authors: R. P H Wilson, J. Hatcher, S. Barton, T. Walley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To investigate the variation in prescribing among general practices by examining the contribution to this variation of fundholding, training status, partnership status, and the level of deprivation in the practice population and to investigate the extent to which fundholding has been responsible for any changes in prescribing. <b>Design</b>: Analysis of prescribing data (PACT) for the years 1990-1 (before fundholding) and 1993-4 (after fundholding). Use of multiple linear regressions to investigate the variation among practices in total prescribing costs (net ingredient cost per prescribing unit), prescribing volume (items per 1000 prescribing units), and mean cost per item in each of the two years and also the change in these variables between years. <b>Setting</b>: Former Mersey region. <b>Subjects</b>: 384 practices. <b>Results</b>: The models developed explained the variation in cost per item (43% of variation explained for 1990-1, 38% for 1993-4) and prescribing volume (34% for 1990-1, 38% for 1993-4) better than the variation in total prescribing costs (3% for 1990-1, 7% for 1993-4). The models developed to explain the change in these variables between years did not explain more than 10% of the variation. Most of the explained variation in the change in total prescribing costs was accounted for by fundholding. Of the £3.71 saved by first wave fundholders compared with non-fundholders £3.57 was attributable to fundholding alone. <b>Conclusion</b>: In neither year did fundholding make a major contribution to the variation in prescribing behaviour among practices, which was better explained by deprivation, training status, and partnership status, but it did seem largely responsible for differences in the rise of total prescribing costs between fundholders and non-fundholders. <h3>Key messages</h3> Much of the variation in prescribing practice remains unexplained. Fundholding is the major contributor to the differences in the rise in prescribing costs between fundholders and non-fundholders.
A VIRUS-INDUCED MAMMALIAN GROWTH WITH THE CHARACTERS OF A TUMOR (THE SHOPE RABBIT PAPILLOMA)
Authors: Peyton Rous, J. W. Beard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

Rabbit papillomas developing on the skin as the result of virus inoculation can be readily transferred to the inner organs of favorable hosts by implanting bits of the living tissue. The growths thus produced proliferate actively as a rule and frequently cause death. Often they are markedly invasive and destructive; and they tend to recur after excision. Bacterial infection may greatly enhance their malignancy. Accidental dissemination may occur during operation, and distribution to the peritoneal surface has been repeatedly noted. There may be no cellular reaction whatever about the invading epithelium of interior growths, but usually some new formation of connective tissue takes place, its amount varying inversely with the rate of epithelial proliferation. An immediate reason exists for the inflammatory changes and scarring found beneath long-established skin papillomas, in the trauma and secondary infection to which the projecting, necrotizing masses have been subjected. In animals dying of progressively enlarging interior growths the skin papilloma may long have been stationary in size. The growths appearing after the transfer of papillomatous tissue to the inner organs are due to the survival and multiplication of transplanted cells. However, the virus can be readily recovered from them, in the case of wild rabbits. No distinctive changes in the blood of the host have been found. The virus itself is highly specific for the epithelium of the skin, failing to act not only upon that of the other organs thus far tested but even upon embryonic skin. The papilloma frequently penetrates into the blood and lymph vessels, especially at the edge of implantation growths. The intravascular injection of fragments of it sometimes results in pulmonary nodules of characteristic morphology. These are due to survival and proliferation of the injected cells. Secondary nodules have been encountered at autopsy in a lymph gland and in the lungs, but under conditions more suggestive of operative dissemination of the growth than of true metastasis. Implantation growths of the papilloma in favorable hosts have the morphology of epidermoid tumors of greater or less malignancy. They behave as these do and elicit similar changes in the surrounding tissue. The attributes and potentialities of the papilloma will be further considered in Papers II and III.
Consumer Competence and the Reform of American Health Care
Authors: Stanley J. Reiser
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This report examines the role of the expert in the American health care system, both as provider and administrative policymaker. It shows that the guiding assumption of American health care policy, ie, that the medical system can and should be managed by experts on behalf of consumers and patients, does not hold up to scrutiny. It also demonstrates that the important theme in American history of placing authority and responsibility for action in the hands of the individual has not been sufficiently influential in American health care. Drawing on this theme and creating consumer competence and responsibility in health care choices as the keys to health care reform in the United States are advocated.
Sunbed use in Germany: trends, user histories and factors associated with cessation and readiness to change
Authors: C. Bock, K. Diehl, D. Litaker, E.W. Breitbart, R. Greinert, S. Schneider
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Sunbed use is considered carcinogenic in humans. Studies that examine behavioural patterns related to sunbed use over time are needed for developing skin cancer prevention strategies.To explore age-related trends in the initiation age, to investigate individual histories of sunbed use and to identify characteristics associated with cessation.We analysed cross-sectional data of 4851 sunbed users and nonusers from a representative sample of Germans, aged 14-45 years, interviewed in 2011/2012. Biographical data were reconstructed based on reported tanning frequency/duration and changes in sunbed use over time. We used survival analysis to model the initiation age and created birth cohorts to assess age-related trends. Characteristics associated with sunbed use cessation were identified using logistic regression.Among sunbed users, median sunbed exposure was 180 min per year. Annual exposure remained constant in 85·6% of this subgroup with no changes over time during periods of sunbed use. Age at initiation decreased significantly across birth cohorts from 25 to 19 years (25th percentile; cohorts 1966-75 to 1986-93). Characteristics associated with sunbed use cessation included educational level [odds ratios (OR) 1·53 and 1·71 for medium and high education, respectively], greater awareness of skin cancer risk (OR 2·41) and immigrant background (OR 0·54; all P < 0·01).Initiation of sunbed use at an increasingly younger age suggests the need for interventions targeted at young adults. Approaches that increase general skin cancer risk awareness and that are sensitive to participants' educational level and immigrant background may also be helpful.
The Ballistocardiogram in a Free Clinic
Authors: JOHNSON MCGUIRE, GISELA HERWITZ, JOHN R. BRAUNSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Of 240 patients consecutively admitted to the Cardiac Clinic of the Cincinnati General Hospital, and on whom a clinical diagnosis of heart disease was ultimately established, 204 had a ballistocardiogram taken and either an electrocardiogram, a six-foot chest plate or both of the latter two. The ballistocardiogram was evaluated (1) in terms of abnormality of pattern and (2) in degree of deviation from normal initial cardiac force. Frequency of abnormality in the various technics is presented for the group as a whole as well as for several etiologic groups. It is concluded that for a population of this kind the frequency of abnormality in the ballistocardiogram and electrocardiogram is essentially the same, whereas it is somewhat less in the chest plate.
MMP-9 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia is up-regulated by α4β1 integrin or CXCR4 engagement via distinct signaling pathways, localizes to podosomes, and is involved in cell invasion and migration
Authors: Javier Redondo-Muñoz, Elizabeth Escobar-Díaz, Rafael Samaniego, María José Terol, José A. García-Marco, Ángeles García-Pardo
Journal: Blood (2006)
Can melatonin alleviate jet lag?
Authors: J Arendt, V Marks
Journal: BMJ (1983)

casualty officers, and even paediatricians are unlikely to see more than a handful of cases, it is important that individual results, with as much clinical and pathological detail as possible, are forwarded to one centre for collation.The Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths (5th Floor, 4 Grosvenor Place, London SWlX 7HD) is prepared to act in this way, or results may be sent directly to me.
People exposed to H5N1 in English turkey outbreak get antiviral and vaccination
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

All people potentially exposed to H5N1 avian influenza in an outbreak in turkeys at a farm in England have been offered antiviral prophylaxis and seasonal flu vaccination to reduce their risk of infection and were told to see their GP if they get symptoms. 

Almost 160 000 turkeys have been killed, and movement restrictions have been introduced at a large turkey farm in Suffolk, in southeast England, after some birds were found to be infected with the H5N1 strain. 

Maria Zambon, from the Health Protection Agency, a special health authority providing public health advice to the NHS, said farm workers who had come into contact with infected birds and people involved in the culling process were being offered the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu) as a precaution. But she stressed that nobody had developed symptoms of bird flu after similar …
Genetic diversity of the “Mediterranean” glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency phenotype
Authors: George Stamatoyannopoulos, Volker Voigtlander, Panayotis Kotsakis, Angelos Akrivakis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Genetic diversity of the "Mediterranean" phenotype of G-6-PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) deficiency was revealed when detailed studies were performed on blood specimens from 79 Greek males with G-6-PD levels 0-10% of normal. Four different mutants were found to be responsible for the severely deficient phenotypes: two mutants. G-6-PD U-M (Union-Markham) and G-6-PD Orchomenos, were distinguishable by electrophoresis, while the other two. G-6-PD Athens-like and G-6-PD Mediterranean, were distinguishable on the basis of their kinetic characteristics. Of the kinetic tests applied, the most useful for differentiating the variants were those measuring utilization rates of the analogue substrates deamino-NADP, 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate, and galactose-6-phosphate. Among unrelated males with severe G-6-PD deficiency, the relative frequencies of the four variants were: G-6-PD U-M. 5%; G-6-PD Orchomenos, 7%; G-6-PD Athens-like, 16%; G-6-PD Mediterranean, 72%. Genetic, biochemical, and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
AUTOMATED CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS FOR PREDICTION OF SYNTAX SCORE IN JAPANESE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: Nobutaka Ikeda, Filippo Molinari, Kaoru Sugi, Mario Piga, Michele Porcu, Luca Bocchiddi, U Rajendra Acharya, Masato Nakamura, Kristen Meiburger, Masataka Nakano, Luc Saba, Jasjit Suri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A memorable patient: Postmortem movements
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (1999)

One Saturday afternoon I was in the pit under the second hand Austin 10, our only transport at the mission hospital, tinkering with the transmission.

Being the only doctor I was always on call so I was not surprised to see brown legs and hear polite coughs. “Ba Kantwa has died,” they told me. Puzzled because I was not usually called out to the village when someone had died, I gave my condolences. “But we are not sure she has died.”

Hurriedly checking both statements, for my knowledge of the vernacular was still not too good, I got out and cycled down to the village to find a thatched hut full of people round a large hardwood bed on which lay a body under a snow white sheet, clothed as for burial. I soon established that she was indeed dead, and seeing some of our Christians there offered a short prayer for the departed and the relatives.

To my further surprise agitated conversation broke out, and I gathered that some doubted that she was dead. Turning back the sheet I demonstrated all the points that led me to say that she was dead, and expected that that would quieten the murmurings. But no. “Tell him! Tell the doctor!” Timidly one said, “Doctor she is still moving her toes.” I pulled the sheet right off this time and there the right middle toe was gently moving up and down. The hair on the back of my neck followed suit. Once more I went over the signs of death as I wondered what to say, eventually giving my opinion that it was the result of the blood draining back to the heart in an irregular fashion. 

To my great relief one said to another, “Didn’t I say it was that? I knew it wasn’t anything to worry about. Fancy bothering the doctor with a thing like that.” Such was their relief I left them more in a party mood than that of a funeral. Later I worked out that irregular onset of rigor in the leg had probably caused the rhythmic movement. I wrote to my nearest colleague 80 plus miles away, a senior mission doctor. He said that he had heard of postmortem movement and thought that the rigor theory was probably correct. It also struck me how sensible the villagers were, looking for a rational explanation rather than fearing witchcraft. For my part I resolved to make a complete examination of the next corpse, toes and all.
Mesenchymal cells isolated after acute lung injury manifest an enhanced proliferative phenotype.
Authors: B Chen, V Polunovsky, J White, B Blazar, R Nakhleh, J Jessurun, M Peterson, P Bitterman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

After acute lung injury, mesenchymal cells migrate into the alveolar airspace where they proliferate and deposit connective tissue macromolecules. Early in the disease process, inflammatory cell-derived trophic factors modulate these mesenchymal cell functions. However, in those patients who die, even as the inflammatory response abates, the fibroproliferative response continues, resulting in extensive intraalveolar fibrosis. We therefore hypothesized that lung mesenchymal cells obtained from individuals dying with acute alveolar fibrosis would manifest an enhanced proliferative capacity that was independent of persistent exogenous signals. To examine this hypothesis, the in vitro growth properties of mesenchymal cells prepared from patients dying with acute lung injury (n = 3) were analyzed in defined medium and compared with those of mesenchymal cells similarly prepared from patients dying with histologically normal lungs (n = 3). Isolates were characterized as mesenchymal cells by using morphological and immunohistochemical criteria. In accord with the hypothesis, mesenchymal cells isolated from lung-injured patients doubled within 3 d in the complete absence of exogenous peptide growth factors, reaching a saturation density of approximately 15 x 10(3) cells/cm2. As expected, lung mesenchymal cells from normal individuals failed to significantly increase in number. Consistent with this proliferative phenotype, the immediate early cell division cycle genes c-fos and c-jun were constitutively expressed in each cell strain prepared from injured lungs, but not in those from control lungs. The observed proliferative phenotype was stable through the fifth subcultivation of the cells. Despite these proliferative properties, three separate criteria indicated the mesenchymal cells from injured lungs were not transformed: normal karyotype; finite lifespan in vitro (9-10 subcultivations); and inability to disseminate in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. These data support the hypothesis that mesenchymal cells manifest an enhanced proliferative state after acute lung injury.
Studies on the Effect of Oral and Parenteral Administration of Visammin (Khellin) in Patients with Angina Pectoris
Authors: RALPH C. SCOTT, ARNOLD IGLAUER, ROBERT S. GREEN, JOSEPH W. KAUFMAN, BERNARD BERMAN, JOHNSON MCGUIRE
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Of 20 carefully studied patients with angina pectoris given oral visammin, 4 had a significant reduction in number of pains. Eleven stated that their pains were less severe and less easily precipitated while taking visammin. There was questionable improvement in the exercise tolerance test in 2 of 9 patients after oral visammin therapy. The daily oral dose ranged from 40 mg. to 240 mg. Undesirable side effects were encountered in 17 of the 20 patients. Parenteral administration of visammin was evaluated by means of the ballistocardiograph, the exercise tolerance test, and by tilting.
Potentiation of Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation by Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids
Authors: Neal L. Weintraub, Xiang Fang, Terry L. Kaduce, Mike VanRollins, Papri Chatterjee, Arthur A. Spector
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are potent endothelium-derived vasodilators formed from cytochrome P-450 metabolism of arachidonic acid. EETs and their diol products (DHETs) are also avidly taken up by endothelial cells and incorporated into phospholipids that participate in signal transduction. To investigate the possible functional significance of EET and DHET incorporation into cell lipids, we examined the capacity of EETs and DHETs to relax porcine coronary arterial rings and determined responses to bradykinin (which potently activates endothelial phospholipases) before and after incubating the rings with these eicosanoids. 14,15-EET and 11,12-EET (5 μmol/L) produced 75±9% and 52±4% relaxation, respectively, of U46619-contracted rings, whereas 8,9-EET and 5,6-EET did not produce significant relaxation. The corresponding DHET regioisomers produced comparable relaxation responses. Preincubation with 14,15-EET, 11,12-EET, 14,15-DHET, and 11,12-DHET augmented the magnitude and duration of bradykinin-induced relaxation, whereas endothelium-independent relaxations to aprikalim and sodium nitroprusside were not potentiated. Pretreatment with 2 μmol/L triacsin C (an inhibitor of acyl coenzyme A synthases) inhibited [ 3 H]14,15-EET incorporation into endothelial phospholipids and blocked 11,12-EET– and 14,15-DHET–induced potentiation of relaxation to bradykinin. Exposure of [ 3 H]14,15-EET–labeled endothelial cells to the Ca 2+ ionophore A23187 (2 μmol/L) resulted in a 4-fold increased release of EET and DHET into the medium. We conclude that incorporation of EETs and DHETs into cell lipids results in potentiation of bradykinin-induced relaxation in porcine coronary arteries, providing the first evidence that incorporated EETs and DHETs are capable of modulating vascular function.
Fenofibrate Monotherapy Induced Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Billie J. Barker, Roger R. Goodenough, James M. Falko
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Fenofibrate (TriCor; Abbott Pharmaceuticals, Abbott Park, IL), a fibric acid derivative, was introduced in the U.S. in 1998. It is frequently used to treat diabetic dyslipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia alone or in combination with statins. Despite reports of rhabdomyolysis with the use of statins or statin-fibrate combinations, there have been no cases of rhabdomyolysis reported in the U.S. when fenofibrate was used alone to treat a patient with normal baseline creatinine. Here, we present the first case of a patient with a normal creatinine who developed life-threatening rhabdomyolysis while under the treatment of fenofibrate monotherapy.

A 56-year-old woman with a medical history significant for type 2 diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, …
Safest and cheapest antiemetics should be used first for postoperative nausea
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Drugs for reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting are equally effective, and so which treatment patients receive should be guided by safety and affordability.

More than 75 million surgical patients worldwide are anaesthetised each year. Without treatment a third will have postoperative nausea, vomiting, or both. The relative benefits of prophylactic antiemetic interventions given alone or in combination, however, remain unknown.

In a randomised controlled trial comparing combinations of six different antiemetics a team of researchers led by Dr Christian Apfel of the Julius-Maximilians University in Wurzburg, Germany, enrolled 5199 patients from 28 different centres who were scheduled to undergo elective surgery under general anaesthesia and who had a high risk of postoperative nausea and …
23 The strength of hepatitis B surface antigen specific immune response is strongly influenced by the presence of complement factor C4A deficiencies
Authors: T. Hoehler, A. Shrestha, B. Stradmann-Bellinghausen, P.R. Galle, P.M. Schneider, R. Sänger, A. Victor, C. Rittner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Not all that's new and shiny is good for healthcare
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Concern has been growing about the use of metal on metal hip implants. In its 2011 report, the National Joint Registry for England and Wales identified problems including higher revision rates compared with more traditional ceramic or polyethylene implants ( BMJ 2011;343:d5977). A BMJ investigation by Deborah Cohen asked why it took so long for one metal on metal implant, the ASR, to be withdrawn, highlighting denials and delays by the manufacturer and failings in the regulation of medical devices ( BMJ 2011;342:d2905).

This week we publish a systematic review of research into the safety and effectiveness of hip implants. Art Sedrakyan and colleagues conclude that the evidence is inadequate, but what …