tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MBL is good for the heart
Authors: Heather L. Van Epps
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

High levels of circulating mannose-binding lectin (MBL) are associated with lower risk of heart attack, according to a report on page 117. The correlation is particularly strong among diabetics and people with elevated cholesterol and may be a useful indicator of future risk.

MBL is a serum protein that binds to sugar residues on a broad range of microorganisms and promotes their clearance. MBL levels have been correlated with incidence of both infectious diseases and heart disease in some studies, but others found no such link.

The current study goes a long way toward settling the heart disease controversy. “This is the first study that examines levels of MBL protein in the context of other known risk factors for myocardial infarction,” senior author Helgi Valdimarsson points out. This stratified analysis revealed a particularly strong link between MBL levels and the already increased risk of heart attack in diabetics and people with elevated cholesterol.

Measuring MBL protein levels may also be more reliable than earlier analyses of MBL genotypes. The authors find that levels of MBL protein in the blood remain virtually unchanged in an individual for decades, whereas protein levels among people with the same genotype may vary widely.

Based on unpublished in vitro binding data, the authors suggest that MBL may protect against myocardial infarction in vivo by binding to and helping clear the oxidized forms of cholesterol that build up in arteries. This type of cholesterol is abundant in diabetic patients, which may explain why high levels of MBL are particularly good news for these individuals.
Gemcitabine and liposomal doxorubicin in biliary and hepatic carcinoma (HCC) chemotherapy: preliminary results and review of the literature
Authors: D. Pastorelli, G. Cartei, F. Zustovich, F. Marchese, G. Artioli, S. Zovato, S. Binato, R. Ceravolo, S. Cingarlini, F. Salmaso, M. Mattiazzi, C. Sanavio, F. Farinati, G. Zanus, U. Cillo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)
Adenoma Detection Rate and Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Death
Authors: Douglas A. Corley, Christopher D. Jensen, Amy R. Marks, Wei K. Zhao, Jeffrey K. Lee, Chyke A. Doubeni, Ann G. Zauber, Jolanda de Boer, Bruce H. Fireman, Joanne E. Schottinger, Virginia P. Quinn, Nirupa R. Ghai, Theodore R. Levin, Charles P. Quesenberry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The proportion of screening colonoscopic examinations performed by a physician that detect one or more adenomas (the adenoma detection rate) is a recommended quality measure. However, little is known about the association between this rate and patients' risks of a subsequent colorectal cancer (interval cancer) and death.
Cost-effectiveness of hepatitis B virus immunization
Authors: W. D. Everett
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —In Table 5 of the article by Dr Margolis and colleagues, 1 the cost per discounted year of life saved is $20 619 to $68 528 for the infant immunization strategy. This compares with the cost of treating hypertension in a man with a diastolic blood pressure of 95 to 104 mm Hg ($22 600 [1981 dollars] per year of life saved), 2 the cost of renal dialysis ($35 000 to $45 000 [1993 dollars] per year of life saved), 3 and the cost of mammographic screening in women younger than age 50 ($67 367 [1995 dollars]). 4 Society, concerned with the cost of proposed health strategies, may or may not agree that the hepatitis prevention program is an affordable entitlement worthy of tax support. In any case, for comparisons to be made readily among different studies, it is important that the editors of such articles standardize
Impaired fatty acid metabolism in familial combined hyperlipidemia. A mechanism associating hepatic apolipoprotein B overproduction and insulin resistance.
Authors: M Castro Cabezas, T W de Bruin, H W de Valk, C C Shoulders, H Jansen, D Willem Erkelens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

To establish whether insulin resistance and/or postprandial fatty acid metabolism might contribute to familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) we have examined parameters of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in six FCH kindreds. Probands and relatives (n = 56) were divided into three tertiles on the basis of fasting plasma triglycerides (TG). Individuals in the highest tertile (TG > 2.5 mM; n = 14) were older and had increased body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and fasting plasma insulin concentrations compared with individuals in the lowest tertile (n = 24). The former also presented with decreased HDL cholesterol and increased total plasma cholesterol, HDL-TG, and apoprotein B, E, and CIII concentrations. Insulin concentrations were positively correlated with plasma apo B, apo CIII, apo E, and TG, and inversely with HDL cholesterol. Fasting nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were elevated in FCH subjects compared to six unrelated controls and five subjects with familial hypertriglyceridemia. Prolonged and exaggerated postprandial plasma NEFA concentrations were found in five hypertriglyceridemic FCH probands. In FCH the X2 minor allele of the AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster was associated with increased fasting plasma TG, apo CIII, apo AI, and NEFA concentrations and decreased postheparin lipolytic activities. The clustering of risk factors associated with insulin resistance in FCH indicates a common metabolic basis for the FCH phenotype and the syndrome of insulin resistance probably mediated by an impaired fatty acid metabolism.
Increased Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Oxidative Stress After Alcohol Withdrawal
Authors: Guochuan E. Tsai, Paul Ragan, Robert Chang, Shaw Chen, V. Markku I. Linnoila, Joseph T. Coyle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Neurophysiological and pathological effects of ethanol may be mediated, to an important extent, via the glutamatergic system. Animal studies indicate the acute effects of ethanol disrupt glutamatergic neurotransmission by inhibiting the response of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Persistent attenuation of glutamatergic neurotransmission by chronic ethanol exposure results in the compensatory up-regulation of NMDA receptors. Whether glutamatergic neurotransmission and oxidative stress are enhanced during ethanol withdrawal in humans is unknown.CSF was obtained from 18 matched comparison subjects and from 18 patients with alcohol dependence 1 week and 1 month after cessation of ethanol ingestion. CSF samples were analyzed for excitatory neurotransmitters, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and markers for oxidative stress.The alcohol-dependent patients' CSF levels of aspartate, glycine, and N-acetylaspartylglutamate were all higher than those of the comparison subjects, and their concentration of GABA was lower. In addition, there were significant correlations between excitatory neurotransmitters and oxidative stress markers, which suggest that the two mechanisms may play an interactive role in neurotoxicity mediated by ethanol withdrawal.The data suggest that augmentation of excitatory neurotransmission may lead to enhanced oxidative stress, which, in concert with reduced inhibitory neurotransmission, may contribute to the symptoms of ethanol withdrawal and associated neurotoxicity in humans. Whether these abnormalities represent a trait- or state-dependent marker of ethanol dependence remains to be resolved.
The number needed to treat: a clinically useful measure of treatment effect
Authors: R. J Cook, D. L Sackett
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The relative benefit of an active treatment over a control is usually expressed as the relative risk, the relative risk reduction, or the odds ratio. These measures are used extensively in both clinical and epidemiological investigations. For clinical decision making, however, it is more meaningful to use the measure "number needed to treat." This measure is calculated on the inverse of the absolute risk reduction. It has the advantage that it conveys both statistical and clinical significance to the doctor. Furthermore, it can be used to extrapolate published findings to a patient at an arbitrary specified baseline risk when the relative risk reduction associated with treatment is constant for all levels of risk.
Argyrol Displacement for Otorrhoea
Authors: W. O. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1939)

of the current.Fifty major fits have been induced without untoward occurrence.The only complaint made by some patients is of slight headache. Summary and ConclusionsA method of inducing epileptiform convulsions' by electricity has been described.The chief advantage of this method over other convulsion therapies is that it ensures instantaneous loss of consciousness, so that there is no fear or apprehension.While in a preliminary report such as this it is not possible to make definite statements regarding therapeutic results, we have every reason to believe that these will compare favourably with those obtained by other methods, and indeed may be better, as the patients do not live in fear and dread of the next treatment day.Another advantage is the absence of recovery symptoms such as psychomotor excitement and vomiting.We have also applied this method to patients in insulin coma with entire absence of ill effects.We are'indebted to Dr. T. P.
Baby and The Brain: Advances in Child Development
Authors: Janet A. DiPietro
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2000)

▪ Abstract As child morbidity and mortality declined during the twentieth century, a corresponding increase occurred in the relevance of child psychological well-being to public health. Evidence of this trend is the proliferation of programs intended to ameliorate conditions that place children in jeopardy of poor developmental outcome. Most recently, neurobiologic information on brain function and structure has been used to promote strategies for optimizing child development. This review will evaluate the current state of knowledge relating early child development to brain research and illustrate the potential misuse of this information. It will also suggest the following: (a) the extrapolation of neuroscience results to early academic and social enrichment programs obscures the magnitude of potential effects of these programs relative to the vast burden of risk imposed by poverty, and (b) an emphasis on intellectual functioning misses the most compelling evidence on the role of the early social environment in mediating establishment of neural networks that regulate a child's response to stress and capacity for self-control.
Teenager with chest pain and swollen neck: a leave-it-alone condition
Authors: P.-Y. Liao, H.-J. Wang
Journal: Thorax (2015)

A 19-year-old boy with shortness of breath and chest pain after strenuous exercise presented to emergency department . On physical examination, the neck and shoulders appeared to be swollen. There was crepitus on skin palpation. Chest X-ray disclosed diffuse subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum. CT showed additional finding of air in epidural space. The patient was discharged after 2 days of hospitalisation with conservative treatment uneventfully. Pneumorrhachis is usually caused by abrupt increase in intrathoracic pressure in instance of forceful vomiting, cough or asthma attack in an otherwise healthy young adult. It is usually accompanied with pneumomediastinum. The management of epidural pneumatosis should be tailored according to its primary cause. For most patients with pneumorrhachis associated to a spontaneous pneumomediastinum without neurological symptoms, this condition is generally self-limited. For epidural free air of large volume that causes neurological deficits, surgical laminectomy may be indicated.
Evaluation of 1p36 markers and clinical outcome in a skull base chordoma study
Authors: Mauro Longoni, Francesca Orzan, Michela Stroppi, Nicola Boari, Pietro Mortini, Paola Riva
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

Chordomas are rare embryogenetic tumors, arising from remnants of the notochord, characterized by local invasiveness and variable tendency for recurrence. No molecular markers are currently used in a clinical setting to distinguish chordomas with an indolent or an aggressive pattern. Among the genetic lesions observed in this tumor, one of the most commonly detected is 1p loss. In a previous study we observed 1p36 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 85% of the analyzed chordomas. We studied a group of 16 homogeneously treated skull base chordomas (SBCs), reporting 1p36 LOH in 75% of them and determining the expression pattern of eight apoptotic genes mapped at 1p36. No tumors shared a common expression profile with nucleus pulposus, which is considered the only adult normal tissue deriving from notochord. In particular, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily genes TNFRSF8, TNFRSF9, and TNFRSF14 were differently expressed compared with control in a higher percentage of tumors (40%-53%) than were the remaining analyzed genes, suggesting that the deregulation of these three genes might have a role in chordoma tumorigenesis. The presence/absence of LOH and the expression/nonexpression of each apoptotic gene were studied in a survival analysis. Our results suggest that the lack of 1p36 LOH or the presence of TNFRSF8 expression might be associated with a better prognosis in patients with SBCs.
Prenatal diagnosis and variable presentation of recessive X-linked ichthyosis
Authors: J.W. HONOUR, S.K. GOOLAMALI, N.F. TAYLOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Prenatal diagnosis and variable presentation of recessive X‐linked ichthyosis Get access J.W. HONOUR, J.W. HONOUR The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Mortimer Street, London and Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K. Dr J.W. Honour, Cobbold Laboratories and Department of Chemical Pathology, The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Mortimer Street, London W1N 8AA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.K. GOOLAMALI, S.K. GOOLAMALI The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Mortimer Street, London and Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.F. TAYLOR N.F. TAYLOR The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Mortimer Street, London and Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 4, 1 April 1985, Pages 423–430, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02315.x Published: 01 April 1985 Article history Accepted: 23 August 1984 Published: 01 April 1985
The management of facial injuries in rugby union
Authors: M J Hayton, H I Stevenson, C D Jones, S P Frostick
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

There are as yet no guidelines in rugby union for the management of facial lacerations which account for one-third of total injuries sustained by players.We devised a questionnaire to establish the current standards in rugby union clubs in England. The questionnaire covered such issues as inadequate wound cleansing, inappropriate suture material, the use of sterile suture equipment, and advice required for suture removal.We recommend that a dedicated medical room should be available in all clubs, the doctor should always wear gloves, and local anaesthetic and sterile suture packs and instruments should be provided.
A8.2 Anti Citrullinated Protein Antibodies from Synovial Fluid of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Enhance Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Akilan Krishnamurthy, Nancy Vivar Pomiano, Catia Cerqueira, Elena Ossipova, Karin Lundberg, Ulrike Harre, Vivianne Malmström, Per Johan Jakobsson, Lars Klareskog, Georg Schett, Anca Irinel Catrina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background/Purpose</h3> Presence of anti CCP2 antibodies identifies a subgroup of RA patients that are more prone to develop bone erosions. We hypothesised that anti CCP2 IgG might have a direct effect on bone, and thus investigated the effect of anti CCP2 IgG isolated from synovial fluid (SF) of RA patients on osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction in an in vitro system. <h3>Methods</h3> IgG were isolated on Protein G columns from SF of 26 RA patients and applied on CCP2 affinity columns. Pools of the purified anti-CCP2 and flow through IgG fractions were tested for the ability to influence osteoclastogenesis (TRAP positive multinucleated cells) and bone destruction (% of resorption area on osteologic discs). To do this immature dendritic cells derived from CD14+ cells from peripheral blood of healthy individuals were cultured in the presence of RANKL and M-CSF, with or without CCP2 IgG or flow through IgG (at a final concentration of 100 ng/ml). <h3>Results</h3> The CCP2 IgG pool induced a significant mean ± SEM of 1.5 ± 0.1 fold increase in the number of osteoclasts formed from immature dendritic cells in the presence of RANKL, while no such effect was observed with flow through IgG fractions. Osteoclasts cultured in the presence of the CCP2 IgG induced a significant mean ± SEM of 3.4 ± 1.3 fold increase of bone resorption while no such effect was observed for the flow through fractions. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Here, we demonstrate that ACPA IgG, isolated from SF of RA patients, have the ability to enhance the RANKL-driven osteocalstogenesis from immature dendritic cells. Our findings suggest that ACPA might have a direct pathogenic effect in RA associated bone destruction.
High-Dose Zoledronic Acid Impacts Bone Remodeling with Effects on Osteoblastic Lineage and Bone Mechanical Properties
Authors: Samantha Pozzi, Sonia Vallet, Siddhartha Mukherjee, Diana Cirstea, Nileshwari Vaghela, Loredana Santo, Eyal Rosen, Hiroshi Ikeda, Yutaka Okawa, Tanyel Kiziltepe, Jesse Schoonmaker, Wanling Xie, Teru Hideshima, Edie Weller, Mary L. Bouxsein, Nikhil C. Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson, Noopur Raje
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

The increasing incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw and its possible association with high cumulative doses of bisphosphonate led us to study the effects of high doses of zoledronic acid (ZA) on bone remodeling.Five-week-old C57BL6 mice were treated with saline or ZA weekly for 3 weeks at increasing doses (0.05-1 mg/Kg). Effects of ZA on bone remodeling were studied using standard assays.We observed an increase in bone mineral density and content in treated animals at doses of 0.05 mg/Kg, which was not further enhanced at higher doses of ZA. Trabecular bone volume at the proximal tibia and the distal femur assessed by histomorphometry and microCT, respectively, increased significantly in ZA-treated groups. There was however no difference between 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, suggesting a ceiling effect for ZA. ZA led to decreased numbers of osteoclasts and osteoblasts per bone perimeter that paralleled a significant reduction of serum levels of TRAC5b and osteocalcin in vivo. Effects on osteoblasts were confirmed in in vitro assays. Mechanical testing of the femur showed increased brittleness in ZA-treated mice.High doses of ZA inhibit both osteoclast and osteoblasts function and bone remodeling in vivo interfering with bone mechanical properties. No dose response was noted beyond 0.5 mg/kg suggesting that lower doses of ZA may be adequate in inhibiting bone resorption. Our data may help inform future studies of ZA use with respect to alternate and lower doses in the treatment of patients with cancer bone disease.
Oxaliplatin Toxicity Masquerading As Recurrent Colon Cancer
Authors: Glenn Tisman, Douglas MacDonald, Neil Shindell, Edward Reece, Paresh Patel, Nathan Honda, Earl K. Nishimora, Joel Garris, William Shannahan, Nadeem Chisti, John McCarthy, Shahriare Nasser Moaddeli, Dennis Sargent, Ashley Plant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

demonstrate a mature survival benefit for an aromatase inhibitor over tamoxifen. 6Aromatase inhibitors are now under evaluation in the adjuvant setting, where a significantly higher proportion of the trial population treated with aromatase inhibitors will remain free of disease, and their true survival benefits over tamoxifen will become evident.
Persistence of functional and inflammatory response in mice dermally sensitized to persulfate salts
Authors: María-Jesus Cruz, Abdelilah Assialioui, Jeroen Vanoirbeek, Marta Olle-Monge, Ferran Morell, Xavier Munoz
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction : Years after removal from exposure, patients with occupational asthma (OA) still can show respiratory symptoms and bronchial hyperresponsiveness on re-exposure to the causal agent. The aim of the study was to assess the persistence of respiratory symptoms in an animal model of occupational asthma due to persulfate salts.   Material and methods : BALB/c mice received dermal applications of ammonium persulfate (AP) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (control) on days 1 and 8. They then received a single nasal instillation of AP or saline on day 15, 22, 29, 36, 45 or 60. The ventilatory pattern was monitored immediately after the challenge in a whole body plethysmography (40 min.). Bronchial hyperreactivity was measured 24 hours afterwards using a non-specific methacholine provocation test. Pulmonary inflammation was assessed by analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).   Results : Mice dermally sensitized and intranasally challenged with AP showed bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine and increased percentage of neutrophil in BAL as long as 45 days after initial sensitization, compared with the control group. At day 60, mice were still bronchially hyperresponsive, while the percentage of neutrophils fell to levels similar to those in the control groups.   Conclusions:  Pulmonary inflammation decreased with increasing intervals between dermal sensitization and the challenge with AP, despite the persistence of hyperresponsiveness.   Study funded by FIS PI080730 .
Tissue oxygenation profiles during prolonged exercise in hypoxia
Authors: Samuel Verges, Thomas Rupp, Marc Jubeau, Bernard Wuyam, Guillaume Millet, Stéphane Perrey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction:  Tissue oxygenation is altered during hypoxia (H) at rest and during exercise (1) . It remains however debated whether these perturbations are similar between tissues as well as between cerebral areas implicated in motor output. The purpose of our study was to assess the effect of hypoxic exposure on quadriceps, prefrontal (PFC) and motor cortices oxygenation during prolonged submaximal cycling in H.   Methods:  After a 4-h wash-in period, either in normoxia or H, 12 subjects performed a 80-min cycling exercise at 45% of their maximal aerobic power ( N E   FiO 2 =21%,  H E   FiO 2 =11%). A 3 rd  condition ( H R   FiO 2 ∼9%) consisted in a 80-min resting period in which the arterial saturation (SpO 2 ) reached during  H E   was matched by adjusting FiO 2 . Oxy[HbO 2 ]- deoxy[HHb]- and total[THb]-haemoglobin changes were measured on each site by near-infrared spectroscopy.   Results:   H R   and  H E   resulted in similar SpO 2  reduction (∼ -20%). Quadriceps exercise-induced [HbO 2 ] reductions were associated with increased and unchanged [THb] in  N E   and  H E   respectively, while [THb] dropped significantly in  H R  . PFC showed a large [THb] increase at exercise with a four-fold [HbO 2 ] increase in  N E   compared to  H E  . Motor cortex showed similar [HbO 2 ] changes than PFC in  H R   but not at exercise. Indeed, motor cortex [THb] was stable in  H E   and  N E   while [HbO 2 ] decreased and [HHb] increased in  N E  , these latter changes being significantly accentuated in  H E  .   Discussion:  This study quantifies for the first time the respective effects of prolonged cycling exercise and SpO 2  drop on muscle and cerebral oxygenation responses in H and demonstrates important specificities between tissues and cortical sites.   References:  (   1) Verges et al.  In Press , Am J Physiol.