tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nickel sensitivity: the influence of ear piercing and atopy
Authors: A.J.G. MCDONAGH, A.L. WRIGHT, M.J. CORK, D.J. GAWKRODGER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

In a group of 612 consecutive patients undergoing routine patch tests for suspected allergic contact dermatitis, more than four-fifths of the 364 women had had their ears pierced, over half gave a history of cutaneous reactions to metallic jewelery and almost one-third were sensitive to nickel. The increase in the frequency of nickel sensitivity in women with pierced ears compared to those with unpierced ears was highly significant (P less than 0.001). In men, nickel sensitivity was much less frequent; occupational factors were often implicated and few cases were related to ear piercing. Jewelery dermatitis was more frequent in atopic than non-atopic women but atopy did not appear to influence the propensity for developing nickel sensitivity in either sex. Ear piercing seems to induce nickel allergy which may result in lifelong morbidity and difficulty in employment. Jewelery suppliers should be encouraged to provide nickel-free earrings to reduce the frequency of this apparently avoidable problem.
Third Annual World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

This is the first of three articles reviewing presentations at the 3rd Annual World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome, San Francisco, California, 17–19 November 2005.

Yehuda Handelsman (Tarzana, CA) introduced the 3rd Annual World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome and discussed the state of the insulin resistance syndrome, recalling its beginning in 1988 with Gerald Reaven’s proposal that “Syndrome X” comprises a group of risk factors linked by insulin resistance, with the World Health Organization definition of metabolic syndrome in 1999, the modified definition proposed by the European Group on Insulin Resistance in 2001/20022, and the widely used Adult Treatment Panel (ATP)-III metabolic syndrome definition given by National Cholesterol Education Panel in 2001. Handelsman pointed out that the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) helped to gain the ICD-9 code of 277.7 for the constellation of conditions also termed the “metabolic” or the “dysmetabolic” syndrome, and he noted that the AACE definition of the syndrome adds the concept of differently assessing persons who belong to high-risk groups. The insulin resistance syndrome represents a continuum of risk, he stated, showing the use of the AACE-defined insulin resistance syndrome in predicting diabetes independently of glucose levels. Handelsman further reviewed what he termed the “war of the syndromes,” which followed the International Diabetes Federation proposal for another definition in April 2005, placing central obesity as the defining characteristic of the syndrome and pointing out the need for ethnic group–specific criteria. The American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes position statement in September 2005 said, in effect, that “there is no syndrome” and questioned whether the syndrome is actually useful in predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD). This was followed in the same month by the American Heart Association position statement insisting “yes, there is a syndrome,” including central obesity as one …
Bisphenol A Exposure Is Associated with <i>in Vivo</i> Estrogenic Gene Expression in Adults
Authors: David Melzer, Lorna Harries, Riccardo Cipelli, William Henley, Cathryn Money, Paul McCormack, Anita Young, Jack Guralnik, Luigi Ferrucci, Stefania Bandinelli, Anna Maria Corsi, Tamara Galloway
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic estrogen commonly used in polycarbonate plastic and resin-lined food and beverage containers. Exposure of animal and cell models to doses of BPA below the recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 50 μg/kg/day have been shown to alter specific estrogen-responsive gene expression, but this has not previously been shown in humans.
Retention and clearance of C-11 palmitic acid in ischemic and reperfused canine myocardium
Authors: Markus Schwaiger, Heinrich R. Schelbert, Randy Keen, Jacob Vinten-Johansen, Herbert Hansen, Carl Selin, Jorge Barrio, Sung-Cheng Huang, Michael E. Phelps
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
A SIRT7-Dependent Acetylation Switch of GABPβ1 Controls Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Dongryeol Ryu, Young Suk Jo, Giuseppe Lo Sasso, Sokrates Stein, Hongbo Zhang, Alessia Perino, Jung Uee Lee, Massimo Zeviani, Raymond Romand, Michael O. Hottiger, Kristina Schoonjans, Johan Auwerx
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
The Computer-Generated Bone Marrow Subtraction Image
Authors: DWIGHT M. ACHONG, ELIZABETH OATES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

In-111 WBC scintigraphy supplemented by visual comparison with concurrent Tc-99m SC bone marrow imaging is used to identify infection within the marrow-containing skeleton. This retrospective study demonstrates the value of the computer-generated WBC/SC bone marrow subtraction image. Thirty-one patients with various conditions (postsurgery with or without orthopedic hardware, bacteremia with persistent fever, joint arthroplasty, and miscellaneous) underwent combined WBC/SC with bone marrow subtraction imaging. Infection was present in 21 of 36 possible sites (14 osseous, 7 soft tissue; 8 acute, 13 chronic). The bone marrow subtraction image identified two of these sites, which were not appreciated by visual inspection. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for bone marrow subtraction were 95%, 93%, and 94%, respectively, as compared to 86%, 93%, and 89%, respectively, for the visual assessment of WBC and SC images. Computer-assisted subtraction imaging improves overall accuracy and enhances diagnostic certainty of combined WBC/SC scintigraphy for infection in the marrow-containing skeleton.
EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR PRENATAL PREDICTION OF DUCHENNE AND BECKER MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Authors: S.M. Forrest, G.S. Cross, N.S.T. Thomas, P.S. Harper, T.J. Smith, A.P. Read, R.C. Mountford, R.T. Geirsson, K.E. Davies
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Epidemiology of Obesity in Relation to Health Hazards
Authors: MANNING FEINLEIB
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Examination of total mortality in relation to Metropolitan Relative Weight among 2223 men followed for 30 years in the Framingham Heart Study shows that the duration of follow-up influences the nature of the relationship. During the first 6 years, among nonsmokers, mortality and weight had an inverse relation, but as time goes on the relation becomes U-shaped with a minimum mortality at a relative weight of 100% to 109%. Similar relations are found among men who smoke. Time trends in national mortality rates, however, do not show a direct relation to national trends in mean body mass index. Caution is necessary in relating to the effects of changes in obesity levels in populations to indices of health and longevity.
RBRVS: Objections to Maloney, II
Authors: Stephen E. Radecki
Journal: JAMA (1992)

"A CRITICAL Analysis of the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale" by James V. Maloney, Jr, MD,<sup>1</sup>concludes that Medicare's resource-based fee schedule is based on a misunderstanding of data on income and hours of work of physicians in different specialties. He calculates that earnings per hour (before implementation of the fee schedule) are similar for surgeons and nonsurgeons. Unfortunately, Dr Maloney has committed a series of errors in use of the data. When some of his most egregious errors are corrected, the widely held belief that procedural work is much more highly paid than evaluation and management services is confirmed. Dr Maloney combines data from<i>Medical Economics</i><sup>2</sup>on median income by specialty in 1988 with log-diary data from the late 1970s on mean hours worked from the University of Southern California (USC) National Study of Medical and Surgical Specialties.<sup>3</sup>Comparing medians and means from two data sources with
US travellers to the London Olympics are warned about contracting measles
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A doctor at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has told US travellers to make sure they are vaccinated against measles if they travel to Poland and Ukraine for soccer matches in early June or to London for the Olympics in July.

“Disease knows no borders. We are concerned about Americans coming back from the Olympics this summer and unknowingly infecting others,” Rebecca Martin, director of the CDC’s global immunisation division, told the newspaper USA Today (“US travelers to Olympics may bring home measles,” www.usatoday.com 19 March, 2012).

Measles was declared eliminated in the US in 2000. Most cases of measles are imported by travellers who have not been …
A Case of Barrett Epithelization Followed up for Five Years
Authors: M. Endo, S. Kobayashi, T. Kozu, T. Takemoto, K. Nakayama
Journal: Endoscopy (1974)

A 65-year-old female with Barrett epithelization was reported. She suffered from esophagitis accompanying hiatal hernia. A Thirteen-centimeter wandering of the esophagogastric junction within five years was detected by following-up esophagoscopic examination.
Low-level biological dosimetry of heterocyclic amine carcinogens isolated from cooked food.
Authors: K W Turteltaub, J S Vogel, C Frantz, M H Buonarati, J S Felton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The bioavailability and the bioreactivity of the carcinogenic heterocyclic amine [2-14C]2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) have been investigated at a dose approximating that likely from the human diet by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). [2-14C]PhIP was administered to mice at a dose equivalent ot the consumption of two 100 g beef patties (41 ng/kg). The biological half-life of PhIP was 1 hr, with 90% of the dose being excreted via the urine. Peak tissue PhIP concentrations were reached within 3 hr, with the highest levels in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, followed by the liver, kidney, pancreas, and thymus. Since the detection limit by AMS is dependent on the natural abundance of 14C, we have achieved further increases in sensitivity by producing mice that have 20% of the natural abundance of 14C. Use of these 14C-depleted animals allows measurements to be made near the natural level of exposure for many environmental carcinogens. PhIP-DNA adduct levels have also been measured by 32P-postlabeling at doses of 1.0, 10, and 20 mg/kg. The highest adduct levels were found in the pancreas, thymus, heart, and liver and increased linearly with dose. The principal adducts are derived from guanine.
Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure Effects on Renal Outcomes in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT)
Authors: Robert J. Anderson, Gideon D. Bahn, Nicholas V. Emanuele, Jennifer B. Marks, William C. Duckworth
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Blood pressure (BP) control for renal protection is essential for patients with type 2 diabetes. Our objective in this analysis of Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) data was to learn whether on-study systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP) affected renal outcomes measured as albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).The VADT was a prospective, randomized study of 1,791 veterans with type 2 diabetes to determine whether intensive glucose control prevented major cardiovascular events. In this post hoc study, time-varying covariate survival analyses and hazard ratios (HR) were used to determine worsening of renal outcomes.Compared with SBP 105-129 mmHg, the risk of ACR worsening increased significantly for SBP 130-139 mmHg (HR 1.88 [95% CI 1.28-2.77]; P = 0.001) and for SBP ≥140 mmHg (2.51 [1.66-3.78]; P < 0.0001). Compared with a PP range of 40-49 mmHg, PP <40 was associated with significantly lowered risk of worsening ACR (0.36 [0.15-0.87]; P = 0.022) and PP ≥60 with significantly increased risk (2.38 [1.58-3.59]; P < 0.0001). Analyses of BP ranges associated with eGFR worsening showed significantly increased risk with rising baseline SBP and an interaction effect between SBP ≥140 mmHg and on-study A1C. These patients were 15% more likely than those with SBP <140 mmHg to experience eGFR worsening (1.15 [1.00-1.32]; P = 0.045) for each 1% (10.9 mmol/mol) A1C increase.SBP ≥130 mmHg and PP >60 mmHg were associated with worsening ACR. The results suggest that treatment of SBP to <130 mmHg may lessen ACR worsening. The interaction between SBP ≥140 mmHg and A1C suggests that the effect of glycemic control on reducing progression of renal disease may be greater in hypertensive patients.
Breast Cancer Cells Isolated by Chemotaxis from Primary Tumors Show Increased Survival and Resistance to Chemotherapy
Authors: Sumanta Goswami, Weigang Wang, Jeffrey B. Wyckoff, John S. Condeelis
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract In this study, we have collected a migratory population of carcinoma cells by chemotaxis to epidermal growth factor-containing microneedles held in the primary tumor. The collected cells were subjected to microarray analysis for differential gene expression. The results show that anti-apoptotic genes are up-regulated and pro-apoptotic genes are down-regulated coordinately in the migratory subpopulation. Induction of apoptosis by doxorubicin, cisplatin, and etoposide in these cells demonstrates that they exhibit a lower drug-induced apoptotic index and lower cell death compared with carcinoma cells of the whole tumor. Our study indicates, for the first time, the capability of using a rat alograft model for evaluating the apoptotic status of a migratory subpopulation of tumor cells and the ability to study their resistance to chemotherapeutic agents directly. In addition, these results indicate that tumor cells that are chemotactic and migratory in response to epidermal growth factor in the primary tumor have a survival advantage over stationary tumor cells.
Nicotine enhances skin necrosis and expression of inflammatory mediators in a rat pressure ulcer model
Authors: S. Tsutakawa, D. Kobayashi, M. Kusama, T. Moriya, N. Nakahata
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background Many bedridden patients develop pressure ulcers, not only in hospital but also at home. Clinical studies have indicated cigarette smoking to be a risk factor for pressure ulcers. However, the contribution of nicotine to pressure ulcer formation has not been identified. Objectives We aimed to clarify the effect of nicotine on pressure ulcer formation, and its mechanism. Methods Ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) was performed in rat dorsal skin to induce pressure ulcers. The extent of the resulting necrotic area was determined. To clarify the mechanism of the effect of nicotine, mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and protein expression of COX‐2 and iNOS in the necrotic area were investigated by real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of the COX‐2 inhibitor NS‐398 and the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine on necrosis were examined. Results Skin necrosis in the I/R‐treated area was significantly increased by intraperitoneal administration of nicotine (0·175 mg kg−1 daily). Repeated nicotine administration had little effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure. I/R treatment increased mRNA levels of COX‐2, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and iNOS, which were further augmented by nicotine in a dose‐dependent manner. Correspondingly, nicotine (0·35 mg kg−1 daily) markedly enhanced the protein expression of COX‐2 and iNOS. Moreover, NS‐398 and aminoguanidine showed a tendency to abrogate the increase of I/R‐induced skin necrosis caused by nicotine. Conclusions These results suggest that the increased risk of pressure ulcers due to cigarette smoking is mediated, in part, by nicotine. They also indicated that the effect of nicotine is not mediated by a change in blood pressure, but is elicited via an increase of inflammatory mediators in the I/R‐treated skin.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF A SYSTEMATIC FAMILIAL SCREENING IN IDIOPATHIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY. THE EXPERIENCE OF TRIESTE HEART MUSCLE DISEASE
Authors: Marco Merlo, Michele Moretti, Giulia Barbati, Dario Gregori, Andrea Di Lenarda, Luisa Mestroni, Gianfranco Sinagra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
VAPOR ANESTHESIA APPARATUS
Authors: JAMES T. GWATHMEY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

When at the end of the granulous retraction of a large wound, the edges of the old epidermis are still at a dis¬ tance of 20 or 26 miu. the new epidermis cannot spread on tbe granulations and the cicatrization of the wound comes to a standstill.It seems that the time of the epidermization and its rate depends mainly on the dimensions of Ihe wound.This point has been ascertained by several other sets of
The Ice-Cap in Poliomyelitis
Authors: Cyrus W. Fridy
Journal: JAMA (1910)

exemplification on the eastern side of the Atlantic.The world is huge und the republic of science knows no national lines.Any country has a right al any lime to have any sort.<'f an exposition for the general welfare.The multiplication ol such events only results in a general augmentation of interest.This being true, the attitude of Hie United States should be to come to Dresden loyally, if there is time to do so creditably, to take an active part in the proceedings, then box up the whole thing uní ship it to Washington ns a pre- viouslv fairly well-advertised feature of the real show.C. A. L. R.The Oil Treatment of Pellagra
Effects of the V1a vasopressin agonist F-180 on portal hypertension-related bleeding in portal hypertensive rats
Authors: Josephine Morales, Eduardo Moitinho, Juan G. Abraldes, Mercedes Fernández, Jaime Bosch
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

F-180 is a new, long-acting analog of vasopressin with a selective agonist effect on the vascular V1a receptors, with the advantage of having no effect on renal V2 receptors. F-180 is approximately 20 times more powerful than terlipressin in reducing portal pressure and has less marked systemic effects. The present study investigated the effects of F-180 on the outcome of portal hypertension-related bleeding in hypovolemic rats. Partial portal vein-ligated rats were subjected to portal hypertension-related bleeding by sectioning a first-order branch of the ileocolic vein. After hemodynamic stabilization, a second sectioning of the first-order branch of the ileocolic vein section was performed in the already hypovolemic animals, and either F-180 or placebo was administered. Blood transfusion was adjusted to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) gamma > 80 mm Hg. The first section of a first-order branch of the ileocolic vein induced a hemorrhage of similar severity in both groups of rats. After a 2nd sectioning of a first-order branch of the ileocolic vein section, F-180 was more effective than placebo in recovering shock (MAP, 21% +/- 23% vs. 0% +/- 13% in placebo; P <.05), preventing portal pressure (PP) increase during blood transfusion (PP: -1% +/- 19% vs. 47% +/- 65% in placebo; P =.07), reducing transfusion requirements (2.9 +/- 3.3 mL vs. 11.2 +/- 6.0 mL in placebo; P <.01), diminishing the magnitude of collected blood losses (5.1 +/- 2.2 g vs. 12.7 +/-7.7 g in placebo; P <.05), and decreasing the mortality from the portal hypertension-related bleeding (10% vs. 60% in placebo; P <.05). In conclusion, in hypovolemic portal-hypertensive rats during a portal hypertension-related bleeding, F-180 rapidly recovers arterial pressure and decreases transfusion requirements, blood losses, and mortality.
Hospital bed utilisation in the NHS and Kaiser Permanente
Authors: Stephen Black, Nathan Proudlove
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—The comparison by Ham et al of bed utilisation in the NHS and Kaiser Permanente indicates that the NHS could improve its management of beds drastically but leaves open the possibility that it could be expensive in effort and money to reach the degree of efficiency at Kaiser.1 However, a body of direct evidence from other statistics in the NHS already shows that large improvements are possible and likely to be cheap to implement.

Length of stay varies greatly in different hospitals (and for reasons not readily explained by demographics or differences in specialisations). In most hospitals the expected length of stay varies by around one day, depending on which day you arrive (a pattern with no conceivable clinical justification).2

Our models build a picture of hourly bed utilisation given known patterns of emergency arrivals (which are random), elective arrivals (which are, at least in principle, subject to management control), and discharges (which are definitely under management control). They show that the observed variations are largely due to the widespread practice of not discharging many patients at weekends. For a hospital with a length of stay of about seven days (about average), the consequence of not discharging patients at weekends is to waste at least 30% of the effective bed capacity.​capacity.




Figure 1



Data nearly two years on




Our evidence shows that few hospitals try to manage discharges and planned arrivals: in many trusts elective “planned” arrivals are more variable than (and uncoordinated with) emergency arrivals. Discharge during weekends requires consultants either to run discharge rounds or to set criteria for nurseled discharges. Neither of these options is an expensive change.

We know how to improve bed management in the NHS, and it is not expensive. The biggest barrier is not a lack of resources but a deep rooted unwillingness to change working practices for the benefit of patients.
Assisted conception and the law in the United Kingdom
Authors: P. Braude
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Along with advances in technology comes the need for government guidelines and laws to ensure that those technologies are used safely and responsibly. This article covers the development of the rules in the United Kingdom that govern assisted conception, and the implications of these rules for day to day clinical practice.

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act was passed in 1990 in response to the report of the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology (the Warnock report), which examined three main public concerns. These were:

The act established the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), and its licensing and inspection procedures, as the main mechanism for regulating these activities.

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Baroness Mary Warnock chaired the Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology 1982-4

The HFEA is a statutory non-departmental public body and is accountable to the secretary of state for health. Established in 1991, it is the first statutory body of its type in the world. It has 18 members who are appointed by the secretary of state, including a lay chairperson and a deputy chairperson. At least one third, but not more than half, of its membership may be registered medical practitioners or those who have been involved with assisted conception or its research funding.

View this table:

Assisted conception treatments that require an HFEA licence*



Three types of licences can be granted by the HFEA.

A treatment licence allows the unit to pursue treatments that fall under the act.

A storage licence allows cryopreservation and storage of gametes and embryos.

A research licence is needed to perform any research that uses human embryos in vitro.

View this table:

Research using human embryos in vitro permitted under an HFEA …

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