tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Snail2 is an Essential Mediator of Twist1-Induced Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis
Authors: Esmeralda Casas, Jihoon Kim, Andrés Bendesky, Lucila Ohno-Machado, Cecily J. Wolfe, Jing Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract To metastasize, carcinoma cells must attenuate cell–cell adhesion to disseminate into distant organs. A group of transcription factors, including Twist1, Snail1, Snail2, ZEB1, and ZEB2, have been shown to induce epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), thus promoting tumor dissemination. However, it is unknown whether these transcription factors function independently or coordinately to activate the EMT program. Here we report that direct induction of Snail2 is essential for Twist1 to induce EMT. Snail2 knockdown completely blocks the ability of Twist1 to suppress E-cadherin transcription. Twist1 binds to an evolutionarily conserved E-box on the proximate Snail2 promoter to induce its transcription. Snail2 induction is essential for Twist1-induced cell invasion and distant metastasis in mice. In human breast tumors, the expression of Twist1 and Snail2 is highly correlated. Together, our results show that Twist1 needs to induce Snail2 to suppress the epithelial branch of the EMT program and that Twist1 and Snail2 act together to promote EMT and tumor metastasis. Cancer Res; 71(1); 245–54. ©2010 AACR.
Glucose uptake, glucose transporter GLUT4, and glycolytic enzymes in brown adipose tissue from rats adapted to a high-protein diet
Authors: N.H. Kawashita, M.N. Brito, S.R.C. Brito, M.A.F. Moura, W.T.L. Festuccia, M.A.R. Garofalo, U.F. Machado, I.C. Kettelhut, R.H. Migliorini
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
Bioanalyst gets jail sentence for falsifying preclinical trial data
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A former senior bioanalyst who worked in Scotland for a US based drug discovery and development firm, Aptuit, has become the first person to be successfully prosecuted under the Good Laboratory Practice Regulations 1999 for manipulating data.

Steven Eaton, who worked for Aptuit until 2009, was found guilty at Edinburgh Sheriff Court and sentenced to three months in prison, after a prosecution …
Points: Perspectives in NHS management
Authors: M Irving
Journal: BMJ (1984)

and Dr R Wise (21 April, p 1179) emphasised the toll exacted by pneumococcal infections but did not make it clear that pneu- mococcal bacteraemia generally occurs in people with pre-existing disease.In a study of 103 cases of pneumococcal bacteraemia at East Birmingham Hospital pre-existing disease was found in 820' of the 79 patients aged over 20 and in 38 of the 41 aged between 40 and 70.1 Most of the underlying diseases involved the respiratory system, major metabolic processes, or the immune system.In the latter group the most common disorder was hyposplenism.
The successful application of a local infusion Angioplasty catheter in a rabbit model of focal femoral atherosclerosis
Authors: Joel Gellman, Christine D. Enger, Stephen L. Sigal, Lawrence D. True, Mary Helie, Frnie Esquivel, Qingsheng Chen, Michael A. Azrin, Michael D. Ezekowitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Pregnancy outcomes following recovery from acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Yang Jiang, Jennifer J. McIntosh, Jessica A. Reese, Cassandra C. Deford, Johanna A. Kremer Hovinga, Bernhard Lämmle, Deirdra R. Terrell, Sara K. Vesely, Eric J. Knudtson, James N. George
Journal: Blood (2014)
Deletion of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) Specifically in Cardiac and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Reveals a Crucial Role for YAP in Mouse Cardiovascular Development
Authors: Yong Wang, Guoqing Hu, Fang Liu, Xiaobo Wang, Mingfu Wu, John J. Schwarz, Jiliang Zhou
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Our previous study has shown that yes-associated protein (YAP) plays a crucial role in the phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in response to arterial injury. However, the role of YAP in vascular SMC development is unknown.The goal of this study was to investigate the functional role of YAP in cardiovascular development in mice and determine the mechanisms underlying YAP's actions.YAP was deleted in cardiomyocytes and vascular SMCs by crossing YAP flox mice with SM22α-Cre transgenic mice. Cardiac/SMC-specific deletion of YAP directed by SM22α-Cre resulted in perinatal lethality in mice because of profound cardiac defects including hypoplastic myocardium, membranous ventricular septal defect, and double outlet right ventricle. The cardiac/SMC-specific YAP knockout mice also displayed severe vascular abnormalities including hypoplastic arterial wall, short/absent brachiocephalic artery, and retroesophageal right subclavian artery. Deletion of YAP in mouse vascular SMCs induced expression of a subset of cell cycle arrest genes including G-protein-coupled receptor 132 (Gpr132). Silencing Gpr132 promoted SMC proliferation, whereas overexpression of Gpr132 attenuated SMC growth by arresting cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, suggesting that ablation of YAP-induced impairment of SMC proliferation was mediated, at least in part, by induction of Gpr132 expression. Mechanistically, YAP recruited the epigenetic repressor histone deacetylase-4 to suppress Gpr132 gene expression via a muscle CAT element in the Gpr132 gene.YAP plays a critical role in cardiac/SMC proliferation during cardiovascular development by epigenetically regulating expression of a set of cell cycle suppressors.
Xenophobia and other reasons to wonder about the domain specificity of folk-biological classification
Authors: Terence E. Hays
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Atran adds a synthesis of much of the literature on folk-biological classification to important new experimental data relevant to long-standing inferences about the structure of folk taxonomies. What we know about such systems is somewhat overstated, and key issues remain unresolved, especially concerning the centrality of “generic species,” the primacy of “general purpose” taxonomies, and domain specificity.
Extreme Subcutaneous Insulin Resistance Successfully Treated by an Implantable Pump
Authors: Jean-Pierre Riveline, Jacqueline Capeau, Jean-Jacques Robert, Michel Varroud-Vial, Isabelle Cerf-Baron, Anne Deburge, Guillaume Charpentier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Extreme subcutaneous insulin resistance is a very rare syndrome characterized by severe resistance to subcutaneous insulin together with normal or near normal intravenous insulin sensitivity. The pathophysiology is unknown. An increased insulin-degrading activity has been reported in the subcutaneous adipose tissue fraction (1). The proposed treatments are disappointing. We report such a case that was successfully treated by intraperitoneal insulin.

A 36-year-old male patient was admitted for acute pancreatitis of unknown etiology associated with diabetes. His mother had type 2 diabetes. The patient’s BMI was 31 kg/m2. After the onset of acute pancreatitis, the patient discontinued his antidiabetic treatment. Five years later, he was admitted in a hyperosmolar state (fasting blood glucose of 1,000 mg/dl) without ketoacidosis. His BMI was 28 kg/m2. Subcutaneous insulin was resumed, using multi-injections, followed by subcutaneous treatment with an insulin pump. Despite a dramatic increase in the insulin …
Magnet Pacemaker Reversion
Authors: Victor Parsonnet
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Lescoe's LETTER TO THE EDITOR (223:1510, 1973) regarding the dangers in the use of a magnet to revert a pacemaker to asynchronous mode must be refuted. For years the Newark Beth Israel Medical Center has been interested in in-hospital clinic evaluation of pacemakers using waveform analysis, the system recommended by Lescoe, as a preferable technique. During the past two years we have also used the telephone monitoring system where every patient uses a magnet at home to convert the pacemaker to asynchronous mode during rate evaluation. At the present time 325 telephone monitors are being used by our patients and those in our associated clinics in New Jersey. More than 225 phone rate-count evaluations are done each week,<i>all</i>with a magnet rate. I would estimate that we have performed at least 20,000 of these tests over the past few years and<i>never once</i>have any arrhythmias
Congenital Dilatation of Intrahepatic Biliary Ducts with Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: A. W. Jones, D. R. Shreeve
Journal: BMJ (1970)

CommunicationBRff 277 potassium iodide 60 mg.daily for three weeks (five subjects), lysine vasopressin 10 pressor units intravenously over two hours (five subjects), and acute lowering of central body temperature by 3-60 F. (2°C.) (one subject).Administration of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone causes a rise in serum T.S.H. and so should provide a useful test of the function and reserve capacity of the thyrotroph cells of the anterior pituitary.The clinical and laboratory diagnosis of minor degrees of pituitary T.S.H. deficiency can be particu- larly difficult.All thyroid function tests may be within the conventional normal range and yet the patient may benefit from thyroid hormone medication.Failure of serum T.S.H. levels to rise in response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone should therefore provide a more refined diagnosis of T.S.H. deficiency.Since thyrotrophin-releasing hormone acts directly on the pituitary it could also be used to distinguish between pituitary and hypothalamic lesions affecting T.S.H. release, a distinction which cannot be made with available tests.We would like to acknowledge the help of Dr. B. Ormston and Dr. J. C
GMC launches new quality standard for UK doctors
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The General Medical Council has fleshed out its advice to all registered doctors on new requirements to comply with proposed changes to the system of registration.

Revalidation — the five yearly requirement to retain a licence — will depend on satisfactory completion of annual appraisals, which are soon to become common practice in the NHS, or other documentary evidence that fulfils all seven of the GMC's principles of good medical practice.

The changes, outlined in A Licence to Practice and Revalidation , which is published last week, are …
Predicting spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: D. F Colombo
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers p 301 

The literature on predicting spontaneous preterm delivery deals with two areas. The first is predicting preterm delivery in asymptomatic patients. This is the risk you tell a woman in mid pregnancy when she asks you if she will deliver early. The second concerns symptomatic patients. These are women who report contractions between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. To separate the two in theliterature is difficult because both sets of data involve the same terminology and tests. The reader must therefore be aware of the populations being studied. The predictive values for any test are directly related to the incidence of the disease in the population studied. Therefore, a test that is predictive in a higher risk group may be of little use in the general population.

The initial attempts to predict preterm delivery in asymptomatic patients involved the use of risk factors in patients. These produced the Creasy risk scoring system.1 This system was able to predict two thirds of those who delivered prematurely in a middle …
Dermatological applications of gene silencing RNA technology
Authors: D.N. Slater
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Journal Article Dermatological applications of gene silencing RNA technology Get access D.N. Slater D.N. Slater Department of Histopathology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, U.K. E‐mail: david.slater@sth.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 164, Issue 5, 1 May 2011, Page 939, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10354.x Published: 01 May 2011
Differential effect of amisulpride on cognition in schizotypy: validation of models for the early identification of cognitive enhancing agents
Authors: Ivan Koychev, Katrina McMullen, Jane Lees, Rukiya Dadhiwala, Lois Grayson, Charlotte Perry, Anne Schmechtig, James Walters, Kevin J Craig, Gerard R Dawson, Colin T Dourish, Ulrich Ettinger, Lawrence Wilkinson, Steve Williams, John Francis William Deakin, Emma Barkus
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Macrophage-tropic variants initiate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection after sexual, parenteral, and vertical transmission.
Authors: A B van't Wout, N A Kootstra, G A Mulder-Kampinga, N Albrecht-van Lent, H J Scherpbier, J Veenstra, K Boer, R A Coutinho, F Miedema, H Schuitemaker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Macrophage-tropic, non-syncytium-inducing, HIV-1 variants predominate in the asymptomatic phase of infection and may be responsible for establishing infection in an individual exposed to the mixture of HIV-1 variants. Here, genotypical and phenotypical characteristics of virus populations, present in sexual, parenteral, or vertical donor-recipient pairs, were studied. Sequence analysis of the V3 domain confirmed the presence of a homogeneous virus population in recently infected individuals. Biological HIV-1 clones were further characterized for syncytium inducing capacity on the MT2 cell line and for macrophage tropism as defined by the appearance of proviral DNA upon inoculation of monocyte-derived macrophages. Both sexual and parenteral transmission cases revealed a selective outgrowth in the recipient of the most macrophage-tropic variant(s) present in the donor. In three out of five vertical transmission cases, more than one highly macrophage-tropic virus variant was present in the child shortly after birth, suggestive of transmission of multiple variants. In three primary infection cases, homogeneous virus populations of macrophage-tropic, non-syncytium-inducing variants were present prior to seroconversion, thus excluding humoral immunity as the selective pressure in favour of macrophage-tropic variants. These observations may have important implications for vaccine development.
Alendronate decreases urine calcium and supersaturation in genetic hypercalciuric rats
Authors: David A. Bushinsky, Krystof J. Neumann, John Asplin, Nancy S. Krieger
Journal: Kidney International (1999)

The mechanism of excess urine calcium excretion in human idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) has not been determined but may be secondary to enhanced intestinal calcium absorption, decreased renal calcium reabsorption, and/or enhanced bone demineralization. We have developed a strain of genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rats as an animal model of human IH. When these GHS rats are placed on a low-calcium diet (LCD), urinary calcium (UCa) excretion exceeds dietary calcium intake, suggesting that bone may contribute to the excess UCa excretion. We used the GHS rats to test the hypothesis that bone contributes to the persistent IH when they are fed an LCD by determining if alendronate (Aln), which inhibits bone resorption, would decrease UCa excretion.GHS rats (N = 16) and the parent strain (Ctl, N = 16) were fed 13 g/day of a normal (1.2%) calcium diet (NCD) for seven days and were then switched to a LCD (0. 02%) for seven days. Ctl and GHS rats in each group were then continued on LCD for an additional seven days, with or without injection of Aln (50 micrograms/kg/24 hrs). UCa excretion was measured daily during the last five days of each seven-day period. To determine the effects of Aln on urine supersaturation, the experiment was repeated. All relevant ions were measured, and supersaturation with respect to calcium oxalate and calcium hydrogen phosphate was determined at the end of each period.UCa was greater in GHS than in Ctl on NCD (7.4 +/- 0.5 mg/24 hrs vs. 1.2 +/- 0.1, GHS vs. Ctl, P < 0.01) and on LCD (3.9 +/- 0.2 mg/24 hrs vs. 0. 7 +/- 0.1, GHS vs. Ctl, P < 0.01). LCD provides 2.6 mg of calcium/24 hrs, indicating that GHS rats are excreting more calcium than they are consuming. On LCD, Aln caused a significant decrease in UCa in GHS rats and brought GHS UCa well below calcium intake. Aln caused a marked decrease in calcium oxalate and calcium hydrogen phosphate supersaturation.Thus, on a LCD, there is a significant contribution of bone calcium to the increased UCa in this model of IH. Aln is effective in decreasing both UCa and supersaturation. The Aln-induced decrease in urine supersaturation should be beneficial in preventing stone formation in humans, if these results, observed in a short-term study using the hypercalciuric stone-forming rat can be confirmed in longer term human studies.
Contact With Jung: Essays on the Influence of His Work and Personality
Authors: Brian P. Lipton
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The articles in Contact With Jung , originally designed as a memorial supplement to the Journal of Analytical Psychology , now appear in hard-cover. About a fourth of the book is written in German or French, the remainder in English. The text is arranged by country, to give various prominent analytical psychologists an opportunity to say wherein  ideas influenced them most and to describe the present status of  psychology in centers throughout the world.  The results are both disappointing and yet, at times, stimulating. Few articles are indigenous to a particular country. Jung's Psychology in Britain, by G. S. Prince, is a detailed, plodding account of the genesis and development of Jungian societies in England, a subject which could only interest analytical psychologists and collectors of historical minutiae. There is a similar article from Los Angeles. There are, however, many examples of personal recollections and anecdotes about Jung demonstrating what
Is there a moral obligation not to infect others?
Authors: J. Harris, S. Holm
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The emergence of HIV infection and AIDS has refocused concern on the obligations surrounding the carrying and transmission of communicable diseases. This article asks three related questions: Is there a general duty not to spread contagion? Are there special obligations not to communicate disease in the workplace? And does the mode of transmission of the disease affect the ethics of transmission and, if so, how and to what extent? There seems to be a strong prima facie obligation not to harm others by making them ill where this is avoidable, and this obligation not to communicate disease applies as much to relatively trivial diseases like the common cold as it does to HIV disease. The reasonableness of expecting people to live up to this obligation, however, depends on society reciprocating the obligation in the form of providing protection and compensation.
Combining qualitative studies with randomised controlled trials is often useful
Authors: T. Weaver, A. Renton, P. Tyrer, J. Ritchie
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Nick Black points out some of the limitations of randomised controlled trials but fails to mention that such trials rarely tell us why an intervention was successful or not.1 Pharmacological studies may provide this vital information for drug interventions, but for other interventions, especially those that involve packages of services, randomised controlled trials are unlikely to do so. Black suggests that we should be open to using alternative designs, but he specifically excludes qualitative methods from consideration. We believe that …
Genomic and evolutionary analysis of Feilai, a diverse family of highly reiterated SINEs in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Z. Tu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Five short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs) were found fortuitously in the introns of a steroid hormone receptor AaHR3-2 gene of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, constituting a novel family of tRNA-related SINEs named Feilai. In addition, nine other Feilai elements were found in currently available sequences in Ae. aegypti, six of which were also near genes. Approximately 5.9 x 10(4) copies of Feilai were present in Ae. aegypti, equivalent to 2% of the entire genome. An additional 35 Feilai elements were isolated from a genomic library. Of the total 49 Feilai elements, 20 were full-length. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses of the full-length elements strongly suggest that there are at least two subfamilies within the Feilai family. There is a high degree of conservation within the two subfamilies. However, sequence divergence between the subfamilies, along with the presence of highly degenerate Feilai elements, suggests that Feilai is likely a diverse family of SINEs that has existed in Ae. aegypti for a long time. Many Feilai elements were closely associated with other transposons, especially with fragments of non-LTR retrotransposons and miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements. The 500-bp sequences immediately flanking a Feilai element were highly A + T-rich, which is consistent with the fact that no Feilai has been found in the coding regions of genes. It is likely that the highly reiterated and interspersed Feilai elements are partially responsible for the pattern of short-period interspersion of the Ae. aegypti genome. The evolutionary relationship between Feilai and the Ae. aegypti genome is likely complex.
Suboptimal care implicated in many infant deaths in UK
Authors: M. Pownall
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Better care would “probably” or “almost certainly” have made a difference to the outcome in half of the cases of stillbirths and infant deaths in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, suggested the annual report of the confidential inquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy, which was published this week.

The report analysed the results of detailed investigations into the deaths of 573 infants, randomly selected as a “1 in 10” sample …
Unsuspected Wilms Tumor
Authors: Elwin E. Fraley, Donald B. Halverstadt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE management of renal trauma is a controversial subject. Some urologists routinely advocate a conservative approach, particularly in children, unless there is uncontrolled, life-threatening hemorrhage. Others contend that patients with a significant amount of parenchymal damage should have surgical reconstruction of the kidney to preserve the maximum amount of functional renal tissue. Even among those who advocate more aggressive therapy, there is debate about the timing of operation. However, most would agree that reconstruction of the traumatized kidney is facilitated if surgery is delayed from three to five weeks after injury, when there is less bleeding and the nonviable tissues . . .
TCT-563 Late Outcomes After Carotid Artery Revascularization According to Cardiovascular Team Consensus
Authors: Bartłomiej Orlik, Adam Janas, Przemyslaw Nowakowski, Aleksandra Kolarczyk, Karolina Misztal, Łukasz Konarski, Anna Matuszczyk, Wojciech Trendel, Krzysztof P. Milewski, Buszman E. Pawel, Piotr P. Buszman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
HBO can interact with preexisting patient conditions
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

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