tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Case of Eosinophilia
Authors: C.C. Hassett, A. Kewalramani, L. Wild, D. DeMerell
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)

RATIONALE: 72 yo Hispanic man referred for food allergy evaluation. METHODS: Patient was referred for rhinitis and was prick skin test positive to trees, grasses and ragweed. He was started on antihistamines and nasal steroids. An incidental CBC revealed eosinophilia of 2,282/mL. He was lost to follow-up without further evaluation. Two years later, gastroenterology evaluated him for abdominal bloating, cramping and occasional diarrhea. Physical exam was normal. Stool for ova and parasites was negative. Laboratory studies were normal except for a WBC count 9,810/mL with 21% eosinophils (eosinophil count 2,060/mL). Colonoscopy revealed diverticolsis and biopsy revealed considerable eosinophils in lamina propria and moderate number in underlying submucosa, interpreted as possible eosinipohilic gastroenteritis. EGD was normal. Peripheral eosiniphilia peaked at 3,421 eosinophils/mL. He was diagnosed with eosinophilic gastroenteritis, started on weeks of prednisone, and empirically treated with mebendazole by gastroenterology. Symptoms mildly improved on prednisone but eosinophilia persisted (2,636/mL). He was referred to Allergy for possible food hypersensitivity as etiology. Evaluation revealed skin prick positivity to few foods with negative RAST. Further evaluation included Strongyloides titers, vitamin B12 level, tryptase and T and B cells. RESULTS: All results were normal except elevated Strongyloides titers of 9.11(normal <1.00). Patient was treated with ivermectin. At three month follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic, strongyloides titers were 1.84 and eosinophil count was zero (off of prednisone). CONCLUSIONS: The differential for eosinophilia is vast. Parasitic infections must be considered. Strongyloides can cause symptoms years before diagnosis is made. Serology is often needed for diagnosis and ivermectin is treatment of choice.
Limited efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccine in elderly individuals is associated with decreased production of vaccine-specific antibodies
Authors: Sanae Sasaki, Meghan Sullivan, Carlos F. Narvaez, Tyson H. Holmes, David Furman, Nai-Ying Zheng, Madhuri Nishtala, Jens Wrammert, Kenneth Smith, Judith A. James, Cornelia L. Dekker, Mark M. Davis, Patrick C. Wilson, Harry B. Greenberg, Xiao-Song He
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

During seasonal influenza epidemics, disease burden is shouldered predominantly by the very young and the elderly. Elderly individuals are particularly affected, in part because vaccine efficacy wanes with age. This has been linked to a reduced ability to induce a robust serum antibody response. Here, we show that this is due to reduced quantities of vaccine-specific antibodies, rather than a lack of antibody avidity or affinity. We measured levels of vaccine-specific plasmablasts by ELISPOT 1 week after immunization of young and elderly adults with inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine. Plasmablast-derived polyclonal antibodies (PPAbs) were generated from bulk-cultured B cells, while recombinant monoclonal antibodies (re-mAbs) were produced from single plasmablasts. The frequency of vaccine-specific plasmablasts and the concentration of PPAbs were lower in the elderly than in young adults, whereas the yields of secreted IgG per plasmablast were not different. Differences were not detected in the overall vaccine-specific avidity or affinity of PPAbs and re-mAbs between the 2 age groups. In contrast, reactivity of the antibodies induced by the inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine toward the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, which was not present in the vaccine, was higher in the elderly than in the young. These results indicate that the inferior antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly is primarily due to reduced quantities of vaccine-specific antibodies. They also suggest that exposure history affects the cross-reactivity of vaccination-induced antibodies.
Evidence of NAFLD progression from steatosis to fibrosing-steatohepatitis using paired biopsies: Implications for prognosis and clinical management
Authors: Stuart McPherson, Tim Hardy, Elsbeth Henderson, Alastair D. Burt, Christopher P. Day, Quentin M. Anstee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

There remains uncertainty about the natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The spectrum of NAFLD includes non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL; steatosis without hepatocellular injury) and steatohepatitis (NASH; steatosis with hepatocyte ballooning degeneration±fibrosis). Our aim was to assess the histological severity of NAFLD in a cohort with serial biopsy data, and determine factors predicting progression.Patients with two liver biopsies more than a year apart were identified. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from the time of liver biopsy.108 patients had serial biopsies (median interval 6.6years, range 1.3-22.6). 81 (75%) patients had NASH and 27 had NAFL. Overall, 45 (42%) patients had fibrosis progression, 43 (40%) had no change in fibrosis, while 20 (18%) had fibrosis regression. Importantly, no significant difference in the proportion exhibiting fibrosis progression was found between those with NAFL or NASH at index biopsy (37% vs. 43%, p=0.65). Progression to NASH was seen in 44% of patients with baseline NAFL. Of 10 patients with NAFL who had fibrosis progression, 3 progressed by 1 stage, 5 by 2 stages and 2 by 3 stages; all had NASH on follow-up biopsy. Of concern, 6 of 27 (22%) patients with baseline NAFL, reached stage 3 fibrosis at follow-up biopsy. Among the patients with NAFL, 80% of those having fibrosis progression were diabetic at the follow-up liver biopsy compared with 25% of non-progressors (p=0.005).Contrary to current dogma, this study suggests that steatosis can progress to NASH and clinically significant fibrosis.
Anaplastic transformation of classic Kaposi's sarcoma: clinicopathological study of five cases.
Authors: R. Satta, S. Cossu, G. Massarelli, F. Cottoni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Anaplastic transformation of classic Kaposi's sarcoma: clinicopathological study of five cases Get access R. Satta, R. Satta Institute of Dermatology, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07 100 Sassari, Italy *Pathology Unit, Nuoro, Italy †Institute of Histopathology and Anatomical Pathology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy Correspondence: Rosanna Satta, Via Princ. Jolanda 68, 07100 Sassari, ItalyE‐mail: fcottoni@ssmain.uniss.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Cossu, S. Cossu Institute of Dermatology, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07 100 Sassari, Italy *Pathology Unit, Nuoro, Italy †Institute of Histopathology and Anatomical Pathology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy Correspondence: Rosanna Satta, Via Princ. Jolanda 68, 07100 Sassari, ItalyE‐mail: fcottoni@ssmain.uniss.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Massarelli, G. Massarelli Institute of Dermatology, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07 100 Sassari, Italy *Pathology Unit, Nuoro, Italy †Institute of Histopathology and Anatomical Pathology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy Correspondence: Rosanna Satta, Via Princ. Jolanda 68, 07100 Sassari, ItalyE‐mail: fcottoni@ssmain.uniss.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Cottoni F. Cottoni Institute of Dermatology, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43, 07 100 Sassari, Italy *Pathology Unit, Nuoro, Italy †Institute of Histopathology and Anatomical Pathology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy Correspondence: Rosanna Satta, Via Princ. Jolanda 68, 07100 Sassari, ItalyE‐mail: fcottoni@ssmain.uniss.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 5, 1 November 2001, Pages 847–849, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04437.x Published: 01 November 2001
Observational Study of Prevalence of Long-term Raynaud-Like Phenomena and Neurological Side Effects in Testicular Cancer Survivors
Authors: M. Brydoy, J. Oldenburg, O. Klepp, R. M. Bremnes, E. A. Wist, T. Wentzel-Larsen, E. R. Hauge, O. Dahl, S. D. Fossa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

Sensory neuropathy (paresthesias), tinnitus, hearing impairment, and Raynaud phenomena are side effects of cisplatin-based chemotherapy used to treat testicular cancer patients. We assessed the long-term occurrence of these side effects among testicular cancer survivors according to the treatment they received.A total of 1814 men who were treated for unilateral testicular cancer in Norway during 1980-1994 were invited to participate in a national multicenter follow-up survey conducted during 1998-2002. The men were allocated to six groups according to the treatment they had received. Self-reported symptoms were assessed by a mailed questionnaire that included the Scale for Chemotherapy-Induced Neurotoxicity. A total of 1409 participants who responded to the questionnaire and/or underwent audiometry were assessable in this study. Respondents to the questionnaire (n = 1402) scored the relevant symptoms according to how troubled they were by each (not at all, a little, quite a bit, or very much). Hearing impairment was objectively assessed by audiometry at 4000 Hz in 755 men (seven of whom did not respond to the questionnaire). Group comparisons of symptom assessments were performed with chi2 or Kruskal-Wallis tests. Associations between relevant factors and self-reported symptoms or hearing impairment measured by audiometry were assessed using proportional odds ordinal logistic regression models and linear regression models, respectively. All statistical tests were two-sided.The median follow-up for the 1409 assessable men was 10.7 years (range = 4-21 years). All chemotherapy groups had statistically significantly higher odds for increasing severity of all assessed symptoms and inferior audiometric results compared with men who did not receive chemotherapy. Among chemotherapy-treated men, 39% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 35% to 43%) reported Raynaud-like phenomena (defined as white or cold hands or fingers [or feet or toes] on cold exposure), 29% (95% CI = 25% to 33%) reported paresthesias in the hands or feet, 21% (95% CI = 18% to 25%) reported hearing impairment, and 22% (95% CI = 19% to 26%) reported tinnitus as major symptoms troubling them quite a bit or very much. Hearing impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 5.3, 95% CI = 3.0 to 9.2) and tinnitus (OR = 7.1, 95% CI = 4.1 to 12.4) were particularly common in the dose-intensive chemotherapy group compared with the no chemotherapy group. Men who were treated with radiotherapy had higher odds of self-reported paresthesias in feet compared with those not treated with radiotherapy (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.1, P = .04).Long-term survivors of testicular cancer who were treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy were more often troubled by dose-dependent neurological side effects and Raynaud-like phenomena compared with those who were not treated with chemotherapy.
The Characterization of Sponge NLRs Provides Insight into the Origin and Evolution of This Innate Immune Gene Family in Animals
Authors: Benedict Yuen, Joanne M. Bayes, Sandie M. Degnan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

The “Nucleotide-binding domain and Leucine-rich Repeat” (NLR) genes are a family of intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that are a critical component of the metazoan innate immune system, involved in both defense against pathogenic microorganisms and in beneficial interactions with symbionts. To investigate the origin and evolution of the NLR gene family, we characterized the full NACHT domain-containing gene complement in the genome of the sponge, Amphimedon queenslandica. As sister group to all animals, sponges are ideally placed to inform our understanding of the early evolution of this ancient PRR family. Amphimedon queenslandica has a large NACHT domain-containing gene complement that is dominated by bona fide NLRs (n = 135) with varied phylogenetic histories. Approximately half of these have a tripartite architecture that includes an N-terminal CARD or DEATH domain. The multiplicity of the A. queenslandica NLR genes and the high variability across the N- and C-terminal domains are consistent with involvement in immunity. We also provide new insight into the evolution of NLRs in invertebrates through comparative genomic analysis of multiple metazoan and nonmetazoan taxa. Specifically, we demonstrate that the NLR gene family appears to be a metazoan innovation, characterized by two major gene lineages that may have originated with the last common eumetazoan ancestor. Subsequent lineage-specific gene duplication, gene loss and domain shuffling all have played an important role in the highly dynamic evolutionary history of invertebrate NLRs.
MULTIPLY RESISTANT PNEUMOCOCCUS CAUSING MENINGITIS: ITS EPIDEMIOLOGY WITHIN A DAY-CARE CENTRE
Authors: MichaelS. Radetsky, TerriL. Johansen, BrianA. Lauer, GregoryR. Istre, StevenW. Parmelee, AndrewM. Wiesenthal, MaryP. Glode
Journal: The Lancet (1981)
Noninvasive pressure preset ventilation for the treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep
Authors: G.N. Willson, I. Wilcox, A.J. Piper, W.E. Flynn, M. Norman, R.R. Grunstein, C.E. Sullivan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) during sleep is common in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). This pattern of breathing fragments sleep, leading to daytime symptoms of sleepiness and fatigue. It was hypothesized that by controlling CSR with noninvasive pressure preset ventilation (NPPV), there would be a decrease in sleep fragmentation and an improvement in sleep quality. Nine patients (eight males, one female; mean±sd 65±11 yrs) with symptomatic CSR diagnosed on overnight polysomnography (apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) 49±10·h −1 , minimum arterial oxygen saturation ( S a,O 2 , 77±7%) and CHF (left ventricular ejection fraction 25±8%) were studied. After a period of acclimatization to NPPV (variable positive airway pressure (VPAP) II ST TM , Sydney, NSW, Australia and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) TM , Murraysville, PA, USA), sleep studies were repeated on therapy. NPPV almost completely abolished CSR in all patients with a reduction in AHI from 49±10 to 6±5·h −1 (p&lt;0.001). Residual respiratory events were primarily due to upper airway obstruction at sleep on-set. Arousal index was markedly decreased from 42±6 to 17±7·h −1 (p&lt;0.001). Sleep architecture showed a trend toward improvement with a reduction in stage 1 and 2 (79±7% during the diagnostic night versus 72±10% during NPPV, (p=0.057)), whilst sleep efficiency, slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) were not altered. Controlling Cheyne-Stokes respiration with noninvasive pressure preset ventilation resulted in reduced arousal and improved sleep quality in the patients with congestive heart failure. Noninvasive pressure preset ventilation should be considered a potential therapy for Cheyne-Stokes respiration in congestive heart failure in those patients who do not respond or fail to tolerate nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy.
Antithrombotic therapy for pregnancy loss
Authors: Paulien G. de Jong, Mariëtte Goddijn, Saskia Middeldorp
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2013)

BACKGROUNDAlthough an association between thrombophilia and pregnancy loss has been observed in many studies, little is known about the pathophysiological mechanisms behind this association. Considering the association between thrombophilia and pregnancy loss, the efficacy of antithrombotic therapy for women with pregnancy loss (with or without thrombophilia) has been studied for the past 30 years.
Ectopic Notch Activation in Developing Podocytes Causes Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Aoife M. Waters, Megan Y.J. Wu, Tuncer Onay, Jacob Scutaru, Ju Liu, Corrinne G. Lobe, Susan E. Quaggin, Tino D. Piscione
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

Genetic evidence supports an early role for Notch signaling in the fate of podocytes during glomerular development. Decreased expression of Notch transcriptional targets in developing podocytes after the determination of cell fate suggests that constitutive Notch signaling may oppose podocyte differentiation. This study determined the effects of constitutive Notch signaling on podocyte differentiation by ectopically expressing Notch's intracellular domain (NOTCH-IC), the biologically active, intracellular product of proteolytic cleavage of the Notch receptor, in developing podocytes of transgenic mice. Histologic and molecular analyses revealed normal glomerular morphology and expression of podocyte markers in newborn NOTCH-IC-expressing mice; however, mice developed severe proteinuria and showed evidence of progressive glomerulosclerosis at 2 wk after birth. Features of mature podocytes were lost: Foot processes were effaced; expression of Wt1, Nphs1, and Nphs2 was downregulated; cell-cycle re-entry was induced; and the expression of Pax2 was increased. In contrast, mice with podocyte-specific inactivation of Rbpsuh, which encodes a protein essential for canonical Notch signaling, seemed normal. In addition, the damaging effects of NOTCH-IC expression were prevented in transgenic mice after simultaneous conditional inactivation of Rbpsuh in murine podocytes. These results suggest that Notch signaling is dispensable during terminal differentiation of podocytes but that constitutive (or inappropriate) Notch signaling is deleterious, leading to glomerulosclerosis.
Folk biology and the anthropology of science: Cognitive universals and cultural particulars
Authors: Scott Atran
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

This essay in the “anthropology of science” is about how cognition constrains culture in producing science. The example is folk biology, whose cultural recurrence issues from the very same domain-specific cognitive universals that provide the historical backbone of systematic biology. Humans everywhere think about plants and animals in highly structured ways. People have similar folk-biological taxonomies composed of essence-based, species-like groups and the ranking of species into lower- and higher-order groups. Such taxonomies are not as arbitrary in structure and content, nor as variable across cultures, as the assembly of entities into cosmologies, materials, or social groups. These structures are routine products of our “habits of mind,” which may in part be naturally selected to grasp relevant and recurrent “habits of the world.” An experiment illustrates that the same taxonomic rank is preferred for making biological inferences in two diverse populations: Lowland Maya and Midwest Americans. These findings cannot be explained by domain-general models of similarity because such models cannot account for why both cultures prefer species-like groups, although Americans have relatively little actual knowledge or experience at this level. This supports a modular view of folk biology as a core domain of human knowledge and as a special player, or “core meme,” in the selection processes by which cultures evolve. Structural aspects of folk taxonomy provide people in different cultures with the built-in constraints and flexibility that allow them to understand and respond appropriately to different cultural and ecological settings. Another set of reasoning experiments shows that Maya, American folk, and scientists use similarly structured taxonomies in somewhat different ways to extend their understanding of the world in the face of uncertainty. Although folk and scientific taxonomies diverge historically, they continue to interact. The theory of evolution may ultimately dispense with the core concepts of folk biology, including species, taxonomy, and teleology; in practice, however, these may remain indispensable to doing scientific work. Moreover, theory-driven scientific knowledge cannot simply replace folk knowledge in everyday life. Folk-biological knowledge is not driven by implicit or inchoate theories of the sort science aims to make more accurate and perfect.
Current epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in the United States: Low seroprevalence in the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey
Authors: Ivo Ditah, Fausta Ditah, Pardha Devaki, Calistus Ditah, Patrick S. Kamath, Michael Charlton
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994 dataset found a relatively high seroprevalence (21%) of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in the U.S. general population. Using data obtained within the NHANES 2009-2010 survey, where a high performance assay for HEV was used, we estimated the weighted seroprevalence of HEV infection among U.S. individuals 6 years and older. We also evaluated factors associated with HEV seropositivity. A total of 8,814 individuals were included in the analysis. The median age of study participants was 37 years (interquartile range [IQR] 17-58 years), with 51.2% being female. The weighted national seroprevalence of HEV was 6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.1%-6.9%). About 0.5% of those with HEV had evidence of recent exposure (immunoglobulin M-positive). In the univariate analyses, factors associated with HEV seropositivity were increasing age ( P -trend &lt; 0.001), birth outside of the U.S., Hispanic race, and “meat” consumption (&gt;10 times/month). No significant association was observed with low socioeconomic status, water source, or level of education. In the multivariate analysis, only older age remained predictive of HEV seropositivity. Conclusion : The weighted national seroprevalence of HEV in the U.S. is much less than previously reported. Using data obtained with a high performance assay, the seroprevalence of HEV was estimated at 6.0% in the U.S. Based on these results, the seroprevalence of HEV is only one-third as high as previously reported. (Hepatology 2014;60:815–822)
Maternal Pattern of Reproduction and Risk of Breast Cancer in Daughters: Results From the Utah Population Database
Authors: Dwight T. Janerich, W. Douglas Thompson, Geraldine P. Mineau
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Maternal Pattern of Reproduction and Risk of Breast Cancer in Daughters: Results From the Utah Population Database Get access Dwight T. Janerich, Dwight T. Janerich Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. Douglas Thompson, W. Douglas Thompson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Geraldine P. Mineau Geraldine P. Mineau Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 21, 2 November 1994, Pages 1634–1639, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.21.1634 Published: 02 November 1994 Article history Received: 25 March 1994 Revision received: 08 August 1994 Accepted: 12 August 1994 Published: 02 November 1994