tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
UNCINARIASIS IN THE SOUTH.FURTHER OBSERVATIONS.
Authors: CLAUDE A. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Since presenting the paper before this Section at the meeting in Saratoga last year, in which I reported three cases of ankylostomiasis, or uncinariasis, the first case being found postmortem, in December, 1901, and the other two being mild cases found among the negro convicts working in the brickyards near Atlanta, I have found this disease to be exceedingly common from the Carolinas to Texas. I make this statement as a result of examinations of medical students at the Atlanta College of Physicians and Surgeons, at the Southern Dental College, patients sent to Atlanta from the adjoining states and a systematic examination of all the patients in the Grady Hospital for the past year. However, very few cases have appeared at the Grady Hospital for the reason that all the patients in the public wards must be residents of Atlanta, and
Continuing Education for Psychiatrists: Programs and Techniques
Authors: PAUL T. WILSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Of 1,847 institutions responding to a survey by the Task Force on Continuing Education for Psychiatrists, 51 sponsored courses meeting the questionnaire's criteria. Sponsors were distributed geographically in the same relative density as psychiatrists. Universities, state and county institutions for the mentally ill, and psychoanalytic institutes were most active. Courses varied widely. Increasing interest in continuing education suggests that these data reflect a situation that will soon change dramatically.
P3 COPD causation; an assessment of agreement between expert clinical raters
Authors: A. Darby, R. Barraclough, P. Burge, N. Hopkinson, J. Hoyle, R. Lawson, R. Niven, S. Stenton, C. Warburton, C. Barber, P. Blanc, A. Curran, D. Fishwick
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Introduction and Objectives Epidemiological studies consistently find that up to 15% of COPD is attributable to occupational exposures. Despite growing recognition that such exposures are associated with COPD, very little is known about how clinicians weight such attributions against cigarette smoking causation in individual cases. Methods In order to assess attribution of causative factors in COPD by clinicians, we used 15 hypothetical cases of COPD, structured to represent a broad range of smoking and occupational exposure histories. Cases were developed a priori into nine categories: combinations of low, medium and high tobacco smoking and low, medium, and high COPD-risk occupational exposures. Twelve general experts in COPD and 12 specifically in occupational lung disease were invited to rate the cause of COPD in each case, attributing a percentage contribution to the harm caused by three categories: (i) smoking, (ii) occupational exposures and (iii) other causes. Results To date, responses have been received from nine raters (seven occupational and two general). Ratings from a selected spectrum of cases are shown in [Abstract P3 Table 1][1], expressed as median and IQR. Attribution varied with the degree of exposures, but even light smoking (less than 15 pack years) was weighted more heavily than substantial occupational exposure. View this table: Abstract P3 Table 1 Conclusions There was a wide range of estimates relating to causative factors in COPD documented by experienced clinicians. These findings are consistent with the a priori assumption that attributing COPD causation in an individual case is difficult, as a sparse evidence base exists to guide clinicians. Further work is needed to allow translation of epidemiological findings to attribution in individual COPD cases, to better facilitate the screening, identification and management of occupational COPD. [1]: #T1
Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in Cells Transfected With Nonviral Vectors
Authors: Sarah A Plautz, Gina Boanca, Jean-Jack M Riethoven, Angela K Pannier
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Inefficient gene delivery is a critical factor limiting the use of nonviral methods in therapeutic applications including gene therapy and tissue engineering. There have been few efforts to understand or engineer the molecular signaling pathways that dictate the efficacy of gene transfer. Microarray analysis was used to determine endogenous gene expression profiles modulated during nonviral gene transfer. Nonviral DNA lipoplexes were delivered to HEK 293T cells. Flow cytometry was used to isolate a population of transfected cells. Expression patterns were compared between transfected and nontransfected samples, which revealed three genes that were significantly upregulated in transfected cells, including RAP1A, a GTPase implicated in integrin-mediated cell adhesion, and HSP70B′, a stress-inducible gene that may be important for maintaining cell viability. Furthermore, RAP1A was also significantly upregulated in untransfected cells that were exposed to lipoplexes but that had not expressed the transgene as compared to control, untreated cells. Transfection in the presence of activators of upregulated genes was enhanced, demonstrating the principle of altering endogenous gene expression profiles to enhance transfection. With a greater understanding of signaling pathways involved in gene delivery, more efficient nonviral delivery schemes capitalizing on endogenous factors can be developed to advance therapeutic applications. Inefficient gene delivery is a critical factor limiting the use of nonviral methods in therapeutic applications including gene therapy and tissue engineering. There have been few efforts to understand or engineer the molecular signaling pathways that dictate the efficacy of gene transfer. Microarray analysis was used to determine endogenous gene expression profiles modulated during nonviral gene transfer. Nonviral DNA lipoplexes were delivered to HEK 293T cells. Flow cytometry was used to isolate a population of transfected cells. Expression patterns were compared between transfected and nontransfected samples, which revealed three genes that were significantly upregulated in transfected cells, including RAP1A, a GTPase implicated in integrin-mediated cell adhesion, and HSP70B′, a stress-inducible gene that may be important for maintaining cell viability. Furthermore, RAP1A was also significantly upregulated in untransfected cells that were exposed to lipoplexes but that had not expressed the transgene as compared to control, untreated cells. Transfection in the presence of activators of upregulated genes was enhanced, demonstrating the principle of altering endogenous gene expression profiles to enhance transfection. With a greater understanding of signaling pathways involved in gene delivery, more efficient nonviral delivery schemes capitalizing on endogenous factors can be developed to advance therapeutic applications.
The Languages of Science: A Survey of Techniques of Communication
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The term "communication" arouses more and more popular interest. In England a recent series of popular lectures discussed various facets of our present knowledge about the subject. The lecturers represented a high level of talent, including three Nobel prize winners. Forcibly borne in upon the reader is the tremendous scope of "communication" and the different strata involved therein. There is, for example, the communication between two individuals, and the problems that arise from differences in culture, background, and specialized training. The gap between cultures poses serious problems. In this connection it is important to understand the extent to which the "language of science" offers means of communication. Clearly related is the question: How can we transfer scientific information from the scientists to the masses? Or the emphasis can be markedly shifted into many other disciplines. How do animals communicate? The conditioned reflex is one biologically important mode of impressing messages
Administration of Aspirin Tablets
Authors: P. L. Madan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  Commenting on the article,  — A Dangerous Drug? by Weiss (229:1221, 1974), Blake (230:1385, 1974) recently pointed out that serious consideration should be given by physicians who prescribe aspirin tablets and pharmacists who dispense them to admonish the patients against swallowing whole tablets. Instead, it should be suggested that the tablets be thoroughly chewed and swallowed with an adequate amount of water or that they should be crushed to a fine powder and the powder taken as a suspension in orange juice.  While this sounds very logical and must be recommended, there are occasions when it may not be entirely feasible or may present some problems:   Aspirin has an unpleasant taste and, therefore, aspirin tablets are difficult to chew, especially when one is suffering from a mild pain.  The chewable aspirin tablets (aspirin aluminum) have been found to be more slowly absorbed and significantly
Arthritis and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.
Authors: P G Davies, J N Fordham
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

We report 2 contrasting cases of a seronegative polyarthritis associated with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD). Both cases were nonerosive, with symmetrical involvement of the elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles. In one the arthritis appeared concurrently with the main systemic manifestations of AILD. The second presented with polyarthritis 18 months before the onset of AILD. This patient received azathioprine for 11 months before developing AILD, which raises the possibility of this drug being the causative agent.
909-29 Comparison of FDG-PET, Sestamibi SPECT and Dobutamine-Echocardiography in Dysfunctional Myocardium
Authors: Klaus Kofoed, Steen Carstensen, Henning Kelbæek, Birger Hesse, Stig Haunsø
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The Study of Trauma
Authors: Thomas J. Poulton
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his recent article (241:2269, 1979), Francis D. Moore, MD, appropriately focused on the need for novel directions—and interdisciplinary cooperation—in seeking solutions to the social, epidemiologic, and medical problems of trauma. It is therefore unfortunate and surprising that Dr Moore perceives the surgeon to be such a lonely laborer in the care of the trauma patient: "In the field of trauma, the surgeon is alone.... It is the surgeon who sees, feels, and senses the urgency and immediacy of the problems. There is no other professional group concerned." Such self-indulgent hyperbole fails to nurture that interdisciplinary cooperation on which Dr Moore focuses; more to the point, it does a disservice to the other professionals who definitely are as intimately involved in the care of the trauma patient as the surgeon. In many communities, an emergency medical system, planned and administered by nonsurgeons, renders care at the scene
Increased plasma prorenin but not renin after bilateral ureteral ligation in dogs
Authors: Nicola von Lutterotti, Frederick Gulmi, Donald Marion, E. Darrocott Vaughan, John H. Laragh, Jean E. Sealey
Journal: Kidney International (1991)

Plasma prorenin is normally higher than renin and usually changes in response to the same stimuli. In dogs, plasma prorenin and renin disappear after bilateral nephrectomy, indicating that both are of renal origin. It has been proposed that prorenin may mediate tissue renin systems via its reversible intrinsic renin-like activity. The renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the changes in renal function that occur with bilateral ureteral obstruction, but plasma prorenin has not been investigated. We therefore studied the effect of 48-hour bilateral obstruction on plasma prorenin in two groups of dogs: one was volume expanded (N = 5), while the other group (N = 6) was euvolemic. Plasma prorenin concentration increased fourfold in both groups, angiotensinogen increased twofold, while plasma renin activity was unchanged. Following release of obstruction, plasma renin fell slightly while prorenin and angiotensinogen remained elevated. There was a positive relationship between plasma prorenin and renin before (r = 0.63, P less than 0.05) and after (r = 0.76, P less than 0.01) obstruction. Post-obstruction, ERPF and GFR were subnormal but filtration fraction was maintained; the higher the ERPF and GFR the higher the plasma prorenin post-obstruction (r = 0.83, P less than 0.01 and r = 0.77, P less respectively; N = 11). These results show that impairment of renal function during bilateral obstruction is associated with an increase in plasma prorenin but not renin. Nonetheless, there is a positive relationship between plasma prorenin and renin both pre- and post-obstruction. Thus, preferential impairment of clearance of prorenin relative to renin may occur during bilateral obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ovarian Cancer Risk Associated with Inherited Inflammation-Related Variants
Authors: Kristin L. White, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Rachel T. Palmieri, Edwin S. Iversen, Andrew Berchuck, Robert A. Vierkant, David N. Rider, Bridget Charbonneau, Mine S. Cicek, Rebecca Sutphen, Michael J. Birrer, Paul P.D. Pharoah, Honglin Song, Jonathan Tyrer, Simon A. Gayther, Susan J. Ramus, Nicolas Wentzensen, Hannah P. Yang, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Catherine M. Phelan, Julie M. Cunningham, Brooke L. Fridley, Thomas A. Sellers, Ellen L. Goode
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

The importance of inflammation pathways to the development of many human cancers prompted us to examine the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in inflammation-related genes and risk of ovarian cancer. In a multisite case-control study, we genotyped SNPs in a large panel of inflammatory genes in 930 epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 1,037 controls using a custom array and analyzed by logistic regression. SNPs with P < 0.10 were evaluated among 3,143 cases and 2,102 controls from the Follow-up of Ovarian Cancer Genetic Association and Interaction Studies (FOCI) post-GWAS collaboration. Combined analysis revealed association with SNPs rs17561 and rs4848300 in the interleukin gene IL1A which varied by histologic subtype (P(heterogeneity) = 0.03). For example, IL1A rs17561, which correlates with numerous inflammatory phenotypes, was associated with decreased risk of clear cell, mucinous, and endometrioid subtype, but not with the most common serous subtype. Genotype at rs1864414 in the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase ALOX5 was also associated with decreased risk. Thus, inherited variation in IL1A and ALOX5 seems to affect ovarian cancer risk which, for IL1A, is limited to rarer subtypes. Given the importance of inflammation in tumorigenesis and growing evidence of subtype-specific features in ovarian cancer, functional investigations will be important to help clarify the importance of inherited variation related to inflammation in ovarian carcinogenesis.
A piece of my mind. China tales
Authors: K. Swackhamer
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cancer, heart, and diabetes societies join to publicise uninsured Americans
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The American Cancer Society, the largest US voluntary health organisation, will devote its entire advertising budget for 2008 to telling Americans and presidential candidates that lack of health insurance or inadequate insurance prevents many people receiving early detection, treatment, and cure of cancer.

US residents with chronic diseases such as heart problems and diabetes face similar problems, said Richard Wender, national president of the society.

The society will spend $15m (£7m; €11m) on what it calls an aggressive and emotive advertising campaign on television, in magazines and newspapers, and online. The society found that previous public service announcements didn't attract attention but that paid-for aggressive advertising did.

The cancer society …
BIBF 1120: Triple Angiokinase Inhibitor with Sustained Receptor Blockade and Good Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Frank Hilberg, Gerald J. Roth, Martin Krssak, Susanna Kautschitsch, Wolfgang Sommergruber, Ulrike Tontsch-Grunt, Pilar Garin-Chesa, Gerd Bader, Andreas Zoephel, Jens Quant, Armin Heckel, Wolfgang J. Rettig
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis through blockade of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway is a novel treatment modality in oncology. Preclinical findings suggest that long-term clinical outcomes may improve with blockade of additional proangiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases: platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR). BIBF 1120 is an indolinone derivative potently blocking VEGF receptor (VEGFR), PDGFR and FGFR kinase activity in enzymatic assays (IC(50), 20-100 nmol/L). BIBF 1120 inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signaling pathways in three cell types contributing to angiogenesis, endothelial cells, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells, resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation (EC(50), 10-80 nmol/L) and apoptosis. In all tumor models tested thus far, including human tumor xenografts growing in nude mice and a syngeneic rat tumor model, BIBF 1120 is highly active at well-tolerated doses (25-100 mg/kg daily p.o.), as measured by magnetic resonance imaging of tumor perfusion after 3 days, reducing vessel density and vessel integrity after 5 days, and inducing profound growth inhibition. A distinct pharmacodynamic feature of BIBF 1120 in cell culture is sustained pathway inhibition (up to 32 hours after 1-hour treatment), suggesting slow receptor off-kinetics. Although BIBF 1120 is rapidly metabolized in vivo by methylester cleavage, resulting in a short mean residence time, once daily oral dosing is fully efficacious in xenograft models. These distinctive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties may help explain clinical observations with BIBF 1120, currently entering phase III clinical development.
Measurement of Urinary Electrolytes — Indications and Limitations
Authors: John T. Harrington, Jordan J. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

THE measurement of urinary sodium, potassium and chloride has become an increasingly common practice in hospitalized patients. Despite their widespread acceptance, however, it is clear that these laboratory tests often yield information that is either of no clinical value or, at best, is easily predictable from knowledge of the dietary intake. The usefulness of these measurements is further limited by the frequent failure to distinguish between the concentration of electrolytes in a random, spot, urine sample and the total excretion in 24 hours; this distinction is often crucial, given the wide range of both dietary electrolyte and water intake and . . .
Primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease
Authors: G. Tyerman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR —The assumptions made by Marshall and Rouse in their study are too broad and may lead to erroneous conclusions.1 Using the Framingham equation with average values is going to stratify the population only by age, sex, and diabetes status. Such stratification is simplistic and will prove only that older people and people with diabetes are more at risk. By assuming the subjects are non-smokers Marshall and Rouse exclude the most important single weighting in the Framingham calculation. Most practices have a register of smoking status for most of their patients, so this should be included.

Marshall and Rouse admit that their method may not be able to screen all of the population, so some will lose out. By concentrating on the oldest patients and patients with diabetes first, it will not detect some who have most to lose, such as 50 year old smokers with hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension. Adding a few extra years to the life of a 70 year old non-smoking normotensive diabetes patient may be laudable, but just because it is easier and cheaper does …
Sternal metastases and associated pathological fractures.
Authors: E P Urovitz, V L Fornasier, A A Czitrom
Journal: Thorax (1977)

A review of 839 necropsies revealed 415 cases of malignant neoplasm, 63 of which were found to have evidence of metastatic spread to the sternum. Nineteen of these metastases resulted in pathological sternal fractures. Fine detail radiography proved a quick and accurate technique for detecting these lesions post mortem. The characteristics of pathological sternal fractures were compared with traumatic sternal fractures with respect to deformity and healing. Pathological fractures of the sternum demonstrate a tendency to greater deformity and slower healing than traumatic sternal fractures.
SUMOylated CPAP is required for IKK-mediated NF-κB activation and enhances HBx-induced NF-κB signaling in HCC
Authors: Shu-Ting Yang, Chia-Jui Yen, Chien-Hsien Lai, Yih-Jyh Lin, Kung-Chao Chang, Jenq-Chang Lee, Yao-Wen Liu, Pey-Yi Chang-Liao, Lu-Shin Hsu, Wen-Chang Chang, Wen-Chun Hung, Tang K. Tang, Yi-Wen Liu, Liang-Yi Hung
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Obesity, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Franz H. Messerli
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The recent report by Bloom et al 1 argues against the hypothesis that obesity may protect certain hypertensive patients against cardiovascular disease. Most of the points are well taken; however, I differ with their jaundiced interpretation of the results of our studies (references 18 to 23 in the report by Bloom et al), which suggests that our studies unanimously  the results of the present study, that hypertension is associated with an increased risk of CHD [coronary heart disease] and CVD [cardiovascular disease] in men of all levels of BMI [body mass index] and do not support a protective effect by obesity as suggested by the California and French studies.  As is made plain in a recent editorial, 2 our work clearly shows that obesity has a dual effect on cardiovascular pathophysiology in hypertension. As Bloom et al suggest, it certainly does increase left ventricular preload and