tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid Adenomas and Hyperplasia
Authors: SHIV M. GUPTA, JOSEPH L. BELSKY, RICHARD P. SPENCER, JUAN FRIAS, PHILIP KOTCH, THOMAS HALPIN, NILO E. HERRERA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Dual radionuclide imaging of the neck (Tc-99m pertechnetate and TI-201 thallous chloride) was performed in 22 patients with chemical evidence of hyperparathyroidism (elevated blood calcium and parathormone [PTH] levels). Of these, 19 of 22 had localization of a TI-201 “excess” area on radiothallium-radiotechnetium subtraction images. In 13 patients who have had operative confirmation at this writing, the dual radionuclide imaging was positive in 12 (12/13 = 92.3%). One patient had two parathyroid adenomas, both of which were seen on the images; thus, overall detection was 13 out of 14 or 92.8%. The parathyroid adenomas visualized weighed from 0.06 to 3.0 g; the one not detected weighed 0.25 g. In three patients with parathyroid hyperplasia secondary to renal disease, the subtraction imaging detected eight of 12 glands (66.7%). The forearm bone mineral content and bone density were determined in eight patients with parathyroid adenomas; results were abnormally low in five of these eight. One of the three patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism had an abnormally low radial bone mass. The combination of dual radionuclide imaging and radial bone mass determination may present a useful approach in both localizing abnormal parathyroid tissue and in examining its functional consequences.
Systemic Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and <i>fms</i> -Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 Receptor in Acute Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Kumi Yasukawa, Masaru Terai, Stanford T. Shulman, Tetsuya Toyozaki, Shigehiro Yajima, Yoichi Kohno, Anne H. Rowley
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Increased vascular permeability is an important event during the initial process of Kawasaki disease (KD). One potential responsible candidate for the induction of vascular hyperpermeability is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods and Results — We investigated the expression of VEGF and its receptors (flt-1, KDR) in acute KD tissues at 7 days to 5 weeks of illness. Neuropilin-1, which enhances the binding of VEGF 165 to KDR, was also studied. Abundant expression of VEGF and flt-1 was documented immunohistochemically in many organs from acute KD, including heart and lung. VEGF and flt-1 were colocalized in all vessels that showed edema. These molecules resided in endothelium and vascular media and also in migrating smooth muscle cells in neointima and infiltrating macrophages. Compared with controls, coronary vessels of acute KD had upregulation of VEGF and flt-1 but not KDR or neuropilin-1. KDR was expressed by vessels at 7 days of illness but not later in the illness. Plasma proteins were more extensively bound to the extracellular matrix in coronary vessels in acute KD than controls. Furthermore, elevation of serum VEGF levels was correlated with low serum albumin in acute KD (n=220, r =−0.53, P &lt;0.001). Conclusions — These findings suggest that VEGF and flt-1 are upregulated in blood vessels in many organs of acute KD. Expression of KDR was limited to the early stage of acute KD. The roles of VEGF in acute KD may involve promotion of vascular permeability and macrophage activation. Low serum albumin may indicate overproduction of VEGF in acute KD.
Dopamine (3-hydroxytyramine) replacement and metabolism in sympathetic nerve and adrenal medullary depletions after prolonged thermal injury
Authors: McC. Goodall, Harold Alton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

After severe thermal injury, the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nerves can be partially or totally depleted of their adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the rate at which dopamine-2-(14)C, a precursor of noradrenaline, is synthesized into noradrenaline and noradrenaline metabolic products, thereby giving some indication as to dopamine's utilization, turnover, and possible use in treating such noradrenaline-adrenaline depletions. Three burned subjects, 3 wk postburn, were infused with 104.6 muc (872 mug) of dopamine-2-(14)C for 4 hr. Urine was collected at various hourly intervals for the 1st day, and thereafter for 4 days, assayed, and compared with the metabolism of dopamine in normal subjects. Methods for separating, identifying, and counting radioactivity of the various metabolic products of dopamine are described. Normally 87.6 +/-3.1% of the total radioactivity is recovered within 24 hr after an infusion of dopamine-2-(14)C, but in the three severely burned patients, this value was increased to 93.1, 97.3, and 97.5% in 24 hr. There was a marked decrease in the percentage of radioactivity recovered as noradrenaline in all collection periods, and in contrast to normal subjects, no radioactive noradrenaline was recovered after 24 hr. Concomitantly, there was an increase in radioactivity recovered as metabolic products of noradrenaline, reflecting a compensatory shift toward noradrenaline synthesis and utilization at the expense of the dopamine metabolic products. The results indicate that in the burned patients the infused dopamine-2-(14)C was rapidly synthesized into noradrenaline and then rapidly released and metabolized. From these results it seems evident that dopamine would be a useful adjunct in the treatment of sympathico-adrenal medullary depletion in burns.
EXCISION OF TONSILS.
Authors: W. H. PETERS
Journal: JAMA (1899)

As to the anatomy and pathology of the tonsils, I will only say that the normal throat has nothing of the kind in it. And as to treatment, nothing but removal of the diseased glandular mass gives the desired relief. Many plans are in use to accomplish this. The guillotine will slice off the tonsil, and in children, if the claws which complicate it are removed and suitable forceps used in their place, the guillotine is fairly satisfactory, but hemorrhage is free. Though not dangerous in children, this hemorrhage is troublesome, because it interferes with the simultaneous removal of the pharyngeal tonsil, which is almost invariably present. In the adult, however, this hemorrhage is a serious matter, and has been fatal in many cases. To avoid this Burnett and other authors recommend that a snare be used—the growth being cut through gradually—several hours being consumed in the operation. The method
Orthopaedics: Principles and Their Application
Authors: H. Andrew Wissinger
Journal: JAMA (1968)

It would seem that in view of the rapid change in orthopedics in the past decade there would be ample justification for a second edition of a book of this type. To justify another edition, the author must improve the scope or the depth of the initial writing. The reader is disappointed when he finds that Dr. Turek adds little of significance in either dimension. The author's section on basic science does not satisfy the reader if he is in need of up-to-date information. The text deals with this rapidly changing area of orthopedic surgery in a superficial manner. The references are scant and outdated. New sections, such as the one on rheumatoid arthritis, have been added to the book, but the depth of the coverage is inadequate for the needs of those in the actual practice of orthopedic surgery. This book can be of value in an orthopedic reference
Gelatinous transformation of marrow in a case of acute myelogenous leukemia post‐chemotherapy
Authors: Chi‐Shun Feng
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Gelatinous transformation of marrow in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia was reported. This case was at variance with other reported cases of gelatinous transformation of marrow in that a) it was associated with a primary bone marrow disease and b) there was no fat atrophy and the patient was not cachetic. The fact that it occurred abruptly post‐chemotherapy suggested that marrow hypoplasia induced by chemotherapy could be the cause of this lesion in this particular situation.
Tons of Work Go Into CDC's Ounces of Prevention
Authors: Marsha Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

"THE IMMUNIZATION program in the United States is an extraordinary success story," says Alan R. Hinman, MD, director of the Center for Prevention Services. "As a result of widespread use of vaccine in childhood, we are now at record or near-record low levels for most of the vaccine-preventable diseases." Making sure that record stands is the main task of this center, one of the larger ones at the CDC, with nearly 1000 employees and $400 million per year for prevention programs. More than half the center's employees work outside Atlanta, assigned as public health advisors to state and local health departments. Carrying out research and surveillance of disease patterns across the country helps the center to develop interventions. Through technical and financial assistance, the center helps states and cities to implement the interventions and to coordinate their activities. The center also evaluates the impact of these programs. "Success in immunization requires an adequate information base," says Walter A. Orenstein, MD, director of the
Reply to John Samuel Banerji's Letter to the Editor re: Constantijn H.J. Muselaers, Otto C. Boerman, Egbert Oosterwijk, Johannes F. Langenhuijsen, Wim J.G. Oyen, Peter F.A. Mulders. Indium-111–Labeled Girentuximab ImmunoSPECT as a Diagnostic Tool in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2013;63:1101–6
Authors: Constantijn H.J. Muselaers, Otto C. Boerman, Egbert Oosterwijk, Johan F. Langenhuijsen, Wim J.G. Oyen, Peter F.A. Mulders
Journal: European Urology (2013)
626 ASSESSMENT OF RESPONSE TO SORAFENIB IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF TUMORAL DENSITY AND ARTERIAL ENHANCEMENT MEASUREMENTS IN TARGET LESIONS
Authors: G. Levy, S. Cattan, G. Sergent, O. Romano, S. Dharancy, V. Canva-Delcambre, E. Boleslawski, S. Truant, M. Hebbar, F.-R. Pruvot, A. Hollebeque, P. Mathurin, O. Ernst
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Cigarette smoking, antiphospholipid antibodies and vascular events in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Johanna T Gustafsson, Iva Gunnarsson, Henrik Källberg, Susanne Pettersson, Agneta Zickert, Anna Vikerfors, Sonia Möller, Johan Rönnelid, Kerstin Elvin, Elisabet Svenungsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> Smoking can induce autoantibodies in persons who are genetically predisposed to rheumatoid arthritis. We investigated the association between smoking and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a question not previously addressed. Further, we explored the relationship between smoking, aPL and vascular events (arterial and venous, VE). <h3>Methods</h3> In this cross-sectional study, clinical evaluation and questionnaire data were collected from 367 prevalent SLE patients. At the same time, we measured aPL (anticardiolipin (aCL), anti-β<sub>2</sub> glycoprotein-1 (aβ<sub>2</sub>GP1) antibodies IgG/IgM/IgA, and lupus anticoagulant (LA)), and a large set of other SLE-associated autoantibodies for comparison. Association analyses using logistic regression models with smoking, (ever, former and current with never as reference) and antibody status as outcome variable were performed. As a secondary outcome, we investigated the associations between aPL, smoking and VE. <h3>Results</h3> In multivariable-adjusted models ever, and in particular former, cigarette smoking was associated with the most pathogenic aPL; LA, aCL IgG and aβ<sub>2</sub>GP1 IgG. Other SLE-associated autoantibodies were not associated with smoking. The combination of smoking and aPL was strongly associated with VE. We noted a positive interaction between smoking-LA and smoking-'triple aPL' positivity for previous VE. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We investigated a large set of commonly occurring autoantibodies in SLE, but only aPL were positively associated with a history of smoking. This association was especially apparent in former smokers. Among ever regular smokers who were aPL positive, we observed a strikingly high frequency of former VE. The underlying mechanisms and temporality between smoking, aPL and VE need further investigations.
Quality and the use of time in general practice: widening the discussion.
Authors: J. G. Howie, A. M. Porter, J. F. Forbes
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To examine the association between different consulting styles in general practice (defined according to the average length of doctor-patient contact time in surgery consultations) and the process of care for those patients presenting with new episodes of respiratory illness, 1787 consultations conducted by 85 general practitioner principals in Lothian from November 1987 to May 1988 were analysed. Short as against long consultations resulted in less attention being given to psychosocial issues that the doctor recognised as relevant. When psychosocial problems were dealt with prescribing of antibiotics decreased. In this volunteer sample of doctors the process of care seemed to reflect decisions as to how time was allocated rather than inherently different patterns of clinical behavior. Organisational and contractual changes will shift the mix of financial and professional incentives for general practitioners in ways that could lead to doctors reallocating their time toward shorter consultations; such a reallocation could have important implications for patient care.
Bezafibrate for an Inborn Mitochondrial Beta-Oxidation Defect
Authors: Jean-Paul Bonnefont, Jean Bastin, Anthony Behin, Fatima Djouadi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT2) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. The most common form of this disorder is characteriz...
Relation between Diuretic Agents and Aldosterone in Cardiac and Cirrhotic Patients with Sodium Retention
Authors: J. P. Thomas, F. C. Bartter
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The factors responsible for initial accumulation of oedema or ascites in patients with cirrhosis and cardiac disease still await precise definition, but the available evidence (Duncan et al., 1956;Wolff et al., 1957) suggests that aldosterone plays a secondary, compensa- tory role in these diseases.Thus excessive secretion of aldosterone is probably induced by a homoeostatic mechanism (Bartter et al., 1956), whereby an effective blood volume might be restored by renal retention of salt and water were not this fluid lost from the intravascular space.Spironolactone (" aldactone ") and hydrochloro- thiazide, particularly in combination, have been shown to induce a satisfactory diuresis in many of these patients (Morrison, 1960;Gantt, 1960).Their effects, together with those of acetazolamide (Berliner et al., 1951) and the organic mercurial diuretics (Axelrod and Pitts, 1952), may also be used to inquire into the mechanisms of renal tubular reabsorption of sodium.The present studies were designed to investigate the interaction between aldosterone and these diuretic agents, and to estimate the effects of sodium and potassium loss on homoeostasis, as estimated from changes in serum and urinary electrolytes, plasma volume, pulse pressure, and urinary aldosterone.Similar studies were performed with prednisolone and the sympatholytic agents, dibenamine and phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride.Case Histories Seven patients were included in this study-three with cirrhosis and ascites, and four with congestive heart failure.They were chosen because their urinary excretion of sodium was less than 5 mEq/day.Brief histories summarize the important features in each case.Case 1.-A well-built 32-year-old negro man had primary myocardial disease and right heart failure, resulting, over a period of two years, in massive dependent oedema.He had sinus tachycardia with hypotension (blood-pressure 100/80), pulsatile neck veins, a large inactive heart, with a loud third heart sound and a substernal systolic murmur.Oedema extended to the thighs, and ascites produced moderate orthopnoea.Digoxin, 0.5 mg. a day, was given during all metabolic studies.Case 2.-A 56-year-old woman had had rheumatic heart disease with mitral incompetence and progressive heart failure over a period of 14 years.Her blood-pressure was 155/75; slow fibrillation, enlargement of both ventricles, and a marked systolic thrill and murmur were present, together with a large firm liver, considerable ascites, and some pitting oedema.Digoxin, 0.5-1 mg. a day, was given during all metabolic studies.
Vaccination with mutant ras peptides and induction of T-cell responsiveness in pancreatic carcinoma patients carrying the corresponding RAS mutation
Authors: M.K. Gjertsen, J. Breivik, I. Saeterdal, E. Thorsby, G. Gaudernack, A. Bakka, O. Søreide, B.G. Solheim
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Writer's Reference Books
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1968)

During our medical writing workshops, participants often seek advice about reference books. What books are available? Which are most useful? There are many excellent books, and the choice ultimately depends on personal preference. In this essay I wish to mention several works now in print that may be useful to a physician seriously interested in medical writing. I emphasize that the selection is limited to books currently available, and is not intended to be complete. <h3>Usage</h3> Questions of usage help define good taste in writing, and many books seek to answer these questions. Among these are the following: Fowler, H.W.:<i>A Dictionary of Modern English Usage</i>, ed 2, revised by Sir Ernest Gowers, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965, 725 pp. Bernstein, T.M.:<i>The Careful Writer: A Modern Guide to English Usage</i>, New York: Atheneum Publishers, 1965, 487 pp. Copperud, R.H.:<i>A Dictionary of Usage and Style</i>. New
European Commission proposes a European food authority
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

An embarrassing series of food scandals in recent years has prompted Brussels policymakers to consider establishing an advisory European Food Authority by 2002. The proposal for an independent agency employing several hundred scientists was advanced last week by theEuropean Commission, which believes its arrival will help to rebuild consumer confidence.

After a damaging series of revelations, which included the fact …
The Family and Factitious Disorders
Authors: Julius Pomeranze
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1983The Family and Factitious DisordersJULIUS POMERANZE, M.D.JULIUS POMERANZE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-739_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I found the paper by Reich and Gottfried (1) instructive in its delineating factitious disorders as self-inflicted fabrications or simulations of a disorder, as distinguished from somatoform disorders in which mechanisms linking mind and body are not under conscious control. The authors state that factitious disorders are generally not associated with ulterior motives or material advantages other than the achievement of patient status. This is an ulterior motive, although the advantage can be considered a negative one. None of the patients had major mental disorders as shown by personal history or examinations of their mental state. These...Reference1. REICHGOTTFRIED PL. Factitious disorders in a teaching hospital. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:240-7. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1983Volume 99, Issue 5Page: 739-740 Issue Published: 1 November 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Case of Thyroid Carcinoma in a Newborn Infant
Authors: E. E. McRuer, M. D. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Mn W,,_;.,I IT.. ! N -1 7 ' 1 ." " " 1 ; 4 I -.of inalation wasmnot due-to the occurrence of nausea and ting less often in attacks -when the inhaler was used.Other side-effects of ergotmine, such as paraesthesiae, ~pusclecramps, joint pains, coldness of etmLies, or inter- t claudication, were not found in the present study.In e patient treated subsequently, inhalation of ergotamine to produce mild dyspnoea due to bronchospasm, but she V/iWe ed v such symptomatic relief of her migraine that she was rpared to accept this side-effect.Graham et al. (1960) jiaported a similar side-effect in one patient, subject to asthma, ibo observed that an asthmatic attack was precipitated by wbbahd ergotamine.E:a conclusion the use of ergotamine by inhalation (medihalerappears.to be more effective than sublingual ergot- d'tablt with a dissolution time of five minutes.Its cy compared with the newer sublingual preparationsPauins to be tested.Apart from nausea and vomiting, whichHag have been due to the migraine and not to the drug, side-*cts were not encountered in the patients studied in this trial.i. view of the known side-effects of ergotamine, however, Billed ergotamine is contraindicated in pregnancy, in vascular particularly coronary artery disease, and in hepatic and Hidisease.v
Granulocytopenia and infections
Authors: E N Wardle
Journal: BMJ (1980)

with source traced only 13 arose from the lungs.That isolations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have become less frequent in certain hospitals in the USA does not necessarily imply the same to be true or even likely in hospitals elsewhere-this organism was the second commonest cause of Gram-negative bacteraemia in patients with neutropenia in Addenbrooke's Hospital in the last three years.Further aspects of this article are open to similar criticism; we do not wish to labour the point, but simply to emphasise the importance for those who treat leukaemia of working in close collaboration with their own microbiological colleagues and establishing patterns of practice in conformity with their own local needs.
Vaginal Delivery after Cesarean Section — Is the Risk Acceptable?
Authors: Michael F. Greene
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Nearly 40 years ago, Douglas et al. documented the risk of uterine rupture during a trial of labor after cesarean section.1 Among more than 2000 women with scars from prior cesarean sections, uterine rupture occurred during labor in just over 1 percent, and more than a third of the fetuses in those cases died. The authors concluded, “Probably the most vehement objections to the policy of vaginal delivery after cesarean section allude to the occurrence of catastrophic ruptures of the uterine scar.” That experience, coupled with the mantra “Once a cesarean, always a cesarean,” cast the practice of vaginal delivery . . .
Acne, Antibiotics, And Placebos
Authors: David R. Weakley
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> While investigators quite properly labor to quantitate the "absolute value" of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the treatment of acne vulgaris, practicing dermatologists and their patients rejoice daily in their genuine value. A safe orally administered medicine, effective in 78% of acne patients (<b>196</b>:365, 1966), is an incredibly fortunate find, even if half are indeed helped only because of a placebo effect. After all, the only really predictably effective treatment prior to this discovery was x-ray therapy. Ambivalence about it caused many physicians to instruct parents that no effective therapy existed, with frequently pathetic consequences to afflicted children. No sane dermatologist negates the importance of psychological factors in either the genesis or treatment of acne. However, how are we to choose which patients will be cured by the sugar pills, as opposed to those who should receive the antibiotic? If surgeons could single out those inflamed appendices subject