tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer Susceptibility in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Families—A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Jeppe Friborg, Jan Wohlfahrt, Anders Koch, Hans Storm, Ove R. Olsen, Mads Melbye
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a result of environmental factors, in particular EBV infection, affecting genetically susceptible individuals. The familial risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is among the highest of any malignancy. Whether this susceptibility is restricted to nasopharyngeal carcinoma is unknown as information on the risk of other cancers in relatives is limited. We did a population-based study of the cancer incidence in nasopharyngeal carcinoma families in Greenland, a nasopharyngeal carcinoma–endemic area. Using population-based registers, a cohort of all persons born in Greenland was followed from 1973 to 2002. In this cohort, 134 individuals developed nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their relatives were identified through registers and interviews. Subsequently, the occurrence of cancer was determined by linkage to the population-based cancer register and the risk of cancer in nasopharyngeal carcinoma relatives and nonrelatives compared by relative risks. Among 766 first-degree relatives, the relative risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma following the family index case was 8.0 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 4.1-14.0]. Sex and age of the relative or the index case had no modifying effect on the familial risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The relative risks of carcinoma of the salivary glands, 8.4 (95% CI, 2.7-19.5), and uterine cervix, 2.2 (95% CI, 1.1-3.9), were also significantly increased. In families with multiple cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the risk of other cancers than nasopharyngeal carcinoma was further increased. These results indicate that the increased risk of cancer in nasopharyngeal carcinoma families is not restricted to nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but extends to the virally associated cancers of the salivary glands and cervical uteri.
Quantitative Description of Ventricular Output Curves in Conscious Dogs
Authors: VERNON S. BISHOP, HUBERT L. STONE
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Ventricular output curves obtained from normal dogs, chronic cardiac-denervated dogs, and dogs with beta-adrenergic blockade were analyzed in terms of a compartmental mathematical model. The model states that the change in ventricular output per change in mean atrial pressure is proportional to the estimated cardiac output reserve. The solution of the differential equation is an exponential build-up curve which agrees in all cases within the statistical fluctuation of the experimental curves. Using this approach, one can analyze each ventricular output curve in terms of its initial slope, estimated reserve and a proportionality constant. Factors affecting the estimated reserve and proportionality constant would thus affect the slope of the ventricular output curve. By using this model, a quantitation of ventricular function from ventricular output curves can be better approached.
Impact of PET Staging in Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Eric P. Xanthopoulos, Michael N. Corradetti, Nandita Mitra, Annemarie T. Fernandes, Miranda Kim, Surbhi Grover, John P. Christodouleas, Tracey L. Evans, James P. Stevenson, Corey J. Langer, Tony T. Lee, Daniel A. Pryma, Lilie L. Lin, Charles B. Simone, Smith Apisarnthanarax, Ramesh Rengan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Fatal Pneumonia Caused by Legionella pneumophila, Serogroup 3: Demonstration of the Bacilli in Extrathoracic Organs
Authors: JOHN C. WATTS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

An immunosuppressed patient with malignant lymphoma died of acute pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila. Bacilli of serogroup 3 were detected in areas of pneumonia, in a mediastinal lymph node, and in the liver and spleen by direct immunofluorescence done on tissue obtained at autopsy. That the extrathoracic fluorescent material represented intact bacteria rather than antigenic fragments or antigen-antibody complexes was confirmed by finding intracellular bacilli in the liver by electron microscopy. To our knowledge, this case represents the first example of fatal disease attributed to serogroup 3 L. pneumophila and the first case in which L. pneumophila has been demonstrated in extrathoracic organs.
Continuous Subcutaneous Glucose Monitoring in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Alberto Maran, Cristina Crepaldi, Antonio Tiengo, Giorgio Grassi, Emanuela Vitali, Gianfranco Pagano, Sergio Bistoni, Giuseppe Calabrese, Fausto Santeusanio, Frida Leonetti, Maria Ribaudo, Umberto Di Mario, Giovanni Annuzzi, Salvatore Genovese, Gabriele Riccardi, Marcello Previti, Domenico Cucinotta, Francesco Giorgino, Aurelia Bellomo, Riccardo Giorgino, Alessandro Poscia, Maurizio Varalli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate the accuracy of a new subcutaneous glucose sensor (Glucoday; A. Menarini Diagnostics) compared with venous blood glucose measurement in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN—A multicenter study was performed in 70 diabetic patients. A microdialysis fiber was inserted subcutaneously into the periumbelical region and perfused with a buffer solution. Glucose concentrations in the dialysate were then measured every 3 min by the glucose sensor over a 24-h period, during which nine venous blood samples were also collected throughout the day. RESULTS—Both the insertion of the fiber and the wearing of the device were well tolerated by the patients. Subcutaneous glucose levels were well correlated with venous glucose measurements (r = 0.9, P &amp;lt; 0.001) over a wide range (40–400 mg/dl) for up to 24 h, with a single-point calibration. An analysis of 381 data pairs showed a linear relationship between the GlucoDay and serial venous blood glucose levels, and 97% of the data fell in the A and B regions of the error grid analysis. Percentage bias between the GlucoDay and the blood venous levels was −2.0% in the hypoglycemic range (&amp;lt;70 mg/dl), 6.9% in the euglycemic range (70–180 mg/dl), and 11.2% in the hyperglycemic range (&amp;gt;180 mg/dl). CONCLUSIONS—The GlucoDay system demonstrated high reliability and reported values that closely agreed with venous blood glucose measurements. The system was well tolerated and thus constitutes a relatively easy method to monitor glucose excursions in diabetic patients.
Letter by Vranckx and Valgimigli Regarding Article, “Validation of the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium Definition of Bleeding in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention”
Authors: Pascal Vranckx, Marco Valgimigli
Journal: Circulation (2012)

We recognize the high value of the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) validation study reported by Ndrepepa et al 1 in this journal.However, although important, their results should be interpreted within the context of the specific study limitations.As stressed in the accompanying editorial, the newly proposed BARC bleeding definitions rely heavily on adjudication. 2The quality of event adjudication is dependent on the completeness of and details in the individual patient accounts, including protocol-driven laboratory examinations.A potential underreporting of BARC 2 and BARC 1 bleeding events should therefore be anticipated.This analysis focused on in-hospital bleeding only.How many were access site related?The significance of in-hospital BARC 1 bleeding should be questioned.Moreover, most patients included in this analysis had an elective percutaneous coronary intervention for stable lesions.In this low-risk patient population, the lack of any discriminatory power of BARC 2 or greater on 1-year mortality over existing bleeding scales should not come as a surprise.We strongly believe that the true variation of the prognostic implication of BARC and its discriminatory power to predict a worse cardiovascular outcome comparable to other bleeding scales will be revealed in a prospective analysis.
Cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis: Absence of contrast washout in delayed phases by magnetic resonance imaging avoids misdiagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jordi Rimola, Alejandro Forner, Maria Reig, Ramon Vilana, Carlos Rodríguez de Lope, Carmen Ayuso, Jordi Bruix
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract This study assesses the magnetic resonance (MR) features of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) in patients with cirrhosis with specific analysis of the contrast enhancement pattern. Cholangiocarcinoma may show increased contrast uptake in the arterial phase, and, if washout in the delayed venous phase were to be detected, the noninvasive diagnostic criteria proposed in the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines would be refuted. We reviewed the MR findings of 25 patients with cirrhosis with 31 histologically confirmed ICC nodules. Signal intensity on basal T1-weighted and T2-weighted images and characteristics of enhancement after contrast administration on arterial, portal, and delayed phase were registered. Enhancement pattern was defined according to the behavior of the lesions in each phase, and dynamic pattern was described according to the progression of enhancement throughout the different phases. The most frequent pattern displayed by ICC was a progressive contrast uptake (80.6%). Stable contrast enhancement was registered in 19.4%. None of the ICCs showed a washout pattern, a profile that is specific for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The ICC dynamic behavior differed significantly according to tumor size: progressive enhancement pattern was the most frequent (20 of 25 cases) in lesions larger than 20 mm, whereas the stable pattern was mainly identified in nodules smaller than 20 mm. The most characteristic MR contrast pattern in ICC in cirrhosis is a progressive contrast uptake throughout the different phases, whereas contrast washout at delayed phases is not observed. Because stable enhancement pattern without washout also can be registered in small HCC nodules, the evaluation of delayed phase is mandatory for a proper nodule characterization. If washout is not registered, a biopsy should be mandatory for diagnosis. (Hepatology 2009.)
Physicians of Western Medicine: Anthropological Approaches to Theory and Practice
Authors: Thomas H. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Here is a handsome, heavy, wellbuilt book, in small print, bulging with citations and bibliographies, and almost unreadable. The 12 chapters by 13 authors are curiously similar in style in that the data, often thin enough at first, are reworked into a stiff, tenacious substance suitable for masonry repair. Is it now a requirement of graduate schools to begin with obscure and portentous language and to restate the issues first as proposal, then as theory, then as method, and finally as conclusion? A second and worse problem is the consistent reification of abstractions. "Western Biomedicine," as if everybody knows what that is, is regarded throughout as the unfairly Powerful Institution that will be disingenuously exposed in these articles. Similarly, the chapter headings regularly include a series of abstract words of uncertain relatedness and significance clustered around a colon. What can the reader expect from such obfuscations as "Reflexivity, Countertransference, and
Anaphylactic reactions to a psyllium-containing cereal
Authors: John M. James, Sara K. Cooke, Andrea Barnett, Hugh A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1991)

Historical data were obtained by questionnaire and telephone survey on 20 of 24 women with reported allergic reactions to a psyllium-containing cereal, Heartwise. Protein fractions from this new cereal, as well as from psyllium mucilloid and a psyllium-containing laxative, Metamucil, were extracted, quantitated, and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Patients' sera were collected, and specific IgE and IgG antibodies to these psyllium antigens were detected by immunoblotting techniques. Of the 20 women evaluated, all but six were nurses. Eighteen (90%) of the women had historical and/or laboratory evidence of atopy. Exposures included ingestion or dispensing of psyllium-containing products. Only three women denied prior exposure to psyllium. Symptoms developed shortly after small amounts of the cereal were ingested and most commonly included moderate to severe wheezing, throat and chest tightness, and urticaria. All the women required medical therapy, 11 (55%) in an emergency room. Specific IgE and IgG antibodies to various psyllium protein fractions were documented in all the subjects. It was concluded that individuals sensitized by occupational exposure to psyllium dust are at high risk for allergic reactions to ingested psyllium-containing products.
Hospital-Physician Sponsored Primary Care: Marketing and Impact
Authors: William R. Fifer
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This book describes the results of a community survey designed to evaluate the impact of a hospital/medical staff effort to set up primary care centers. The specific impact to be assessed was whether these innovative efforts increased access to medical care for the populations surveyed. The evaluation project, like the demonstration project itself, was funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and was carried out by a veteran team of health services researchers from the University of Chicago (Aday et al). The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation had previously provided a grant to these researchers to develop an approach to measuring access to medical care (1973) and to design and conduct a national survey to implement their conceptual approach. The timing of the publication is of interest, in that the original Community Hospital/Medical Staff-Sponsored Group Practice Program was funded in 1974, by awards of $30 million to about 60 community hospitals.
PEEP in ARDS — How Much Is Enough?
Authors: Mitchell M. Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In 1967, Ashbaugh et al.1 introduced the use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during mechanical ventilation to treat refractory hypoxemia in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Almost 40 years later, the question of how much PEEP is enough remains relevant. Controversy regarding the optimal level of PEEP has persisted despite years of investigation into this question. An increase in our understanding of the pathophysiology of ARDS and ventilator-induced lung injury has led to a renewed interest in the debate.Studies in animals,24 designed to illuminate the cause of ventilator-induced lung injury, show that two primary mechanistic . . .
Physiological Studies of the Hyperkinetic Child: I
Authors: JAMES H. SATTERFIELD, DENNIS P. CANTWELL, LEONARD I. LESSER, ROBERT L. PODOSIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The authors conducted a three-week controlled, double-blind (methylphenidate-placebo) study of 31 hyperkinetic boys. Response to treatment was judged on the basis of improvement in pretreatment and posttreatment teacher ratings. Pretreatment measures indicated a high arousal state in those children who obtained a poor clinical response to methylphenidate. Changes in indicators of arousal suggested a greater physiological effect from methylphenidate treatment in the low-arousal (good clinical response) group. The authors' data suggest that genetic factors may play a major role in the etiology of this disorder; however, they stress the need for further research.
A Comparative Study of the Cut-Off Values of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Level and Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Level for the Differentiation Between Bronchial Asthma and Cough-Variant Asthma
Authors: T. Shimoda, M. Imaoka, R. Kishikawa, T. Iwanaga, S. Nishima, Y. Obase, A. Miyatake, S. Kasayama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Chest Wall Recurrence of Breast Cancer Detected by Scintimammography
Authors: J. CHRISTOPHER KUHN, ALAN SIEGEL, STEVEN POPLACK, BRADLEY ARRICK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A case of chest wall recurrence of breast cancer detected by scintimammography is presented. A 63-year-old woman who had a right mastectomy for breast carcinoma 24 years earlier was evaluated for left axillary adenopathy. Although it was suspected that a second primary malignancy had developed in the left breast, results of mammography and magnetic resonance imaging of that breast were negative. Scintimammography performed with Tc-99m sestamibi confirmed a normal left breast but revealed a lesion in the right chest wall at the site of the previous mastectomy. This was surgically confirmed as recurrent breast carcinoma, which subsequently altered patient management.
Government programmes driven by politics not evidence, report says
Authors: Ann McGauran
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The government's assertion that its programmes to tackle social exclusion and health inequalities are strongly based on evidence and on “what works” has been challenged in a new report from the independent health think tank the King's Fund.

Complex, community based initiatives such as “Sure Start” and the national strategy for neighbourhood renewal are designed by “informed guesswork and expert hunches … enriched by some evidence and driven by political and other imperatives,” says the report.

Many of the professionals interviewed for the research felt that political values played a greater part than evidence in developing programmes. The report reveals that …
Effects of transplacental exposure to environmental pollutants on birth outcomes in a multiethnic population.
Authors: Frederica P Perera, Virginia Rauh, Wei-Yann Tsai, Patrick Kinney, David Camann, Dana Barr, Tom Bernert, Robin Garfinkel, Yi-Hsuan Tu, Diurka Diaz, Jessica Dietrich, Robin M Whyatt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Inner-city, minority populations are high-risk groups for adverse birth outcomes and also are more likely to be exposed to environmental contaminants, including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides. In a sample of 263 nonsmoking African-American and Dominican women, we evaluated the effects on birth outcomes of prenatal exposure to airborne PAHs monitored during pregnancy by personal air sampling, along with ETS estimated by plasma cotinine, and an organophosphate pesticide (OP) estimated by plasma chlorpyrifos (CPF). Plasma CPF was used as a covariate because it was the most often detected in plasma and was highly correlated with other pesticides frequently detected in plasma. Among African Americans, high prenatal exposure to PAHs was associated with lower birth weight (p = 0.003) and smaller head circumference (p = 0.01) after adjusting for potential confounders. CPF was associated with decreased birth weight and birth length overall (p = 0.01 and p = 0.003, respectively) and with lower birth weight among African Americans (p = 0.04) and reduced birth length in Dominicans (p < 0.001), and was therefore included as a covariate in the model with PAH. After controlling for CPF, relationships between PAHs and birth outcomes were essentially unchanged. In this analysis, PAHs and CPF appear to be significant independent determinants of birth outcomes. Further analyses of pesticides will be carried out. Possible explanations of the failure to find a significant effect of PAHs in the Hispanic subsample are discussed. This study provides evidence that environmental pollutants at levels currently encountered in New York City adversely affect fetal development.
Contemporary reperfusion therapy for cardiogenic shock: The GUSTO-I trial experience
Authors: David R. Holmes, Eric R. Bates, Neal S. Kleiman, Zygmunt Sadowski, John H.S. Horgan, Douglas C. Morris, Robert M. Califf, Peter B. Berger, Eric J. Topol, None The GUSTO-I Investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Antibiotic Use at Duke University Medical Center
Authors: Mary Castle
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A study of antibiotic use at Duke University Medical Center in June 1973 showed that 34.2% of all patients received antibiotics (43.6% surgical, 21.4% medical patients). Cephalothins were most frequently ordered for surgical patients, ampicillin sodium and penicillin G or penicillin V with potassium for other patients. A retrospective analysis of 50 randomly selected patients, according to the Kunin's categories of use, showed 64% of total antibiotic therapy as not indicated or inappropriately administered in terms of drug or dosage. These results are similar to previous reports of antibiotic surveillance and further establish the need for continuing education of prescribing physicians.
Primidone in Mental Deficiency Practice
Authors: D. S. Sharpe
Journal: BMJ (1954)

1%ftDlCAL JOURNA Conclusions This survey offers further evidence of the value of primidone as an anticonvulsant agent.The drug may be used alone, and has produced a 75 % or greater reduc- tion in the number of attacks in 21 out of 42 patients, all of whom had been treated previously with other drugs with unsatisfactory responses.Should it be de- sired to combine primidone with other drugs, phenytoin sodium seems preferable to phenobarbitone.The severe toxic effects are negligible, and the symptomatic side- effects tend to be transient and rarely require discontinuation of treatment.If previous treatment has been given, substitution with primidone can be accomplished in one week, building up to the optimum average daily dose of 1 to 1.5 g.The cases described were under the care of Dr. Fergus R. Ferguson, to whom we are further indebted for helpful advice and criticism.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Converting Enzyme and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mamoru Satoh, Motoyuki Nakamura, Hidenori Saitoh, Hidetoshi Satoh, Chihaya Maesawa, Ikuo Segawa, Atsushi Tashiro, Katsuhiko Hiramori
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) has recently been purified and its complementary DNA cloned. The expression of TACE results in the production of a functional enzyme that has precursor TNF-alpha in the mature form. The aim of this study was to determine whether TACE is expressed with TNF-alpha in myocardium and whether levels of TACE and TNF-alpha are related to clinical severity of DCM.Endomyocardial tissues were obtained from 30 patients with DCM and 5 control subjects. TNF-alpha and TACE mRNA levels were measured by a novel real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method. Expression of TNF-alpha and TACE proteins was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. TNF-alpha mRNA was expressed in DCM patients (TNF-alpha/GAPDH ratio 0.85+/-0.24) but not in control subjects. TACE mRNA expression was significantly greater in DCM patients than in control subjects (TACE/GAPDH ratio 2.52+/-0.59 vs 0.03+/-0.02, P<0.05). A positive correlation was found between TNF-alpha and TACE mRNA levels (r=0.779, P<0.001). TACE and TNF-alpha immunostaining was observed in myocytes in patients with DCM. When 2 subgroups of DCM were divided on the basis of left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD) of 45 mm and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 40%, the DCM subgroup with high LVESD (>/=45 mm) showed significantly greater expression of TACE (P=0.02) and TNF-alpha (P=0. 001) than did the low LVESD subgroup (<45 mm). In addition, the DCM subgroup with lower LVEF (<40%) showed higher expression of TACE (P=0.006) and TNF-alpha (P=0.01) than did the subgroup with high LVEF (>/=40%).This study has shown that increased myocardial TACE expression is associated with elevated myocardial TNF-alpha expression in both mRNA and protein levels in clinically advanced DCM.