tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver Disease in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: M. N. EADE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A follow-up study of liver disease was performed on 138 consecutive patients with ulcerative colitis who had colectomy in the period 1959 through 1963. Of the 117 survivors, 110 were seen personally and the remainder contacted after a 5-year mean follow-up interval. Detailed liver function tests showed elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase in 18% and increased sulfobromophthalein (BSP) retention in 26%. Preoperative elevations of alkaline phosphatase had been markedly reduced, whereas any new elevations were very minor. Except for four patients with cirrhosis, both alkaline phosphatase and BSP abnormalities at follow-up showed little correlation to observed histological abnormalities on follow-up biopsy. Follow-up liver biopsy after colectomy was obtained in 33 patients selected because of liver function abnormalities. Liver biopsy was also available in 23 additional patients from second-stage proctectomy or postmortem study. Comparison of this histological material with liver histology at colectomy in these patients showed arrest or regression of liver disease after panproctocolectomy. Progression of liver disease occurred only in three patients who had persistent "colitis" in relation to an ileorectal anastomosis. Because panproctocolectomy resulted in arrest or regression of liver disease in patients with ulcerative colitis this operation is considered to have a definite place in management of liver disease complicating ulcerative colitis.
Wilson's Disease in the United Kingdom and Taiwan. I. General Characteristics of 142 Cases and Prognosis with Penicillamine Therapy.
Authors: G. T. Stricklan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Wilson's Disease in the United Kingdom and Taiwan. I. General Characteristics of 142 Cases and Prognosis with Penicillamine Therapy.G. T. Stricklan, M.D., F.A.C.P., D. Frommer, M.D., M-L. Leu, M.D., R. Pollard, M.S., S. Sherlock, M.D., F.A.C.P.(Hon.), J. N. Cumings, M.D.G. T. Stricklan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, D. Frommer, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M-L. Leu, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. Pollard, M.S.Search for more papers by this author, S. Sherlock, M.D., F.A.C.P.(Hon.)Search for more papers by this author, J. N. Cumings, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-816_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWilson's disease has genetic heterogeneity with variations in clinical symptoms among families as well as races and countries. Chinese females had an early onset of symptoms (mean, 11.8 years) and death (mean, 13.9 years), whereas Chinese had later onset (mean, 20.9 years) and age at death (mean, 23.2 years). British patients showed a similar trend, with females having earlier onset of symptoms (mean, 14.9 years) than males (mean, 16.8 years). Males in predominantly female-affected families usually, had early onset, whereas females in predominantly male-affected families had late onset. Twenty-five of 30 patients with onset of symptoms at age 20 years... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Taipei Taiwan London United Kingdom PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 816-816KeywordsClinical geneticsGenetic diseasesRacial and ethnic issues Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Physiologic cholestasis II: Serum bile acid levels reflect the development of the enterohepatic circulation in rats
Authors: William M. Belknap, William F. Balistreri, Frederick J. Suchy, Philip C. Miller
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

We have shown that serum bile acid concentrations are elevated in human infants reflecting physiologic immaturity of the enterohepatic circulation. To define further the ontogeny of bile acid metabolism in mammals, we examined maturational changes in the serum concentration of total cholate conjugates by radioimmunoassay in fetal, neonatal, suckling, and mature Sprague-Dawley rats. Fetal (21st day) levels were low (1.4 +/- 0.23 microM; X +/- S.E.), possibly due to minimal enterohepatic cycling in utero. The concentrations in samples obtained minutes after birth, prior to suckling were significantly elevated (12.6 +/- 2.37; p less than 0.001 vs. fetal); these high values persisted after feeding was initiated (6 hr = 13.5 +/- 0.99), but fell at 12 hr (5.2 +/- 0.81) and remained unchanged for the duration of the first day. Serum values fluctuated briefly, being 9.6 +/- 0.73 on Day 4, and the rose progressively through the suckling period (Day 10 = 7.2 +/- 9.57; Day 14 = 10.4 +/- 1.70; Day 21 = 16.8 +/- 1.93); there was a dramatic peak after weaning (Day 28 = 21.8 +/- 1.53). The serum concentration of cholate conjugates then fell (5.6 +/- 0.68 on Day 42) to achieve adult levels by 56 days (4.0 +/- 0.55), a value substantially different from that of all developing animals (p less than 0.025). These data corroborate studies which suggest that a period of physiologic cholestasis occurs in the developing rat. Serum cholate conjugate concentrations likely reflect interrelated morphologic alterations (bile canalicular structure and portal blood flow) and physiologic changes (bile acid synthesis, pool size, and transport) occurring in the enterohepatic circulation during early life.
Reply to Tommaso Cai, Riccardo Bartoletti and Gabriella Nesi's Letter to the Editor re: Alberto Briganti, Umberto Capitanio, Felix K.-H. Chun et al. Impact of Surgical Volume on the Rate of Lymph Node Metastases in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy and Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2008;54:794–804
Authors: Alberto Briganti
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Effects of 1,3-Butadiene, Isoprene, and Their Photochemical Degradation Products on Human Lung Cells
Authors: Melanie Doyle, Kenneth G. Sexton, Harvey Jeffries, Kevin Bridge, Ilona Jaspers
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Because of potential exposure both in the workplace and from ambient air, the known carcinogen 1,3-butadiene (BD) is considered a priority hazardous air pollutant. BD and its 2-methyl analog, isoprene (ISO), are chemically similar but have very different toxicities, with ISO showing no significant carcinogenesis. Once released into the atmosphere, reactions with species induced by sunlight and nitrogen oxides convert BD and ISO into several photochemical reaction products. In this study, we determined the relative toxicity and inflammatory gene expression induced by exposure of A549 cells to BD, ISO, and their photochemical degradation products in the presence of nitric oxide. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analyses indicate the initial and major photochemical products produced during these experiments for BD are acrolein, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde, and products for ISO are methacrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, and formaldehyde; both formed < 200 ppb of ozone. After exposure the cells were examined for cytotoxicity and interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene expression, as a marker for inflammation. These results indicate that although BD and ISO alone caused similar cytotoxicity and IL-8 responses compared with the air control, their photochemical products significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and IL-8 gene expression. This suggests that once ISO and BD are released into the environment, reactions occurring in the atmosphere transform these hydrocarbons into products that induce potentially greater adverse health effects than the emitted hydrocarbons by themselves. In addition, the data suggest that based on the carbon concentration or per carbon basis, biogenic ISO transforms into products with proinflammatory potential similar to that of BD products.
Longitudinal Study of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Healthy Obese Pregnant Women
Authors: Eyal Sivan, Xinhua Chen, Carol J Homko, E Albert Reece, Guenther Boden
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To longitudinally characterize changes in insulin sensitivity in obese women during and after pregnancy.Six glucose-tolerant obese women underwent a 4-h euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic (500-600 pmol/l) clamping during the second (22.5 +/- 2 weeks [mean +/- SD]) and third trimester (36.8 +/- 0.9) of pregnancy and again 15.6 +/- 1.4 weeks after delivery. Rates of total body glucose turnover (with [6.6-2H2]glucose) and oxidation (with indirect calorimetry) were measured.There were no significant changes with respect to the action of insulin on rates of glucose disappearance (GRd), carbohydrate oxidation, or endogenous glucose production (EGP), comparing the second trimester of pregnancy with the nonpregnant (postpartum) state. The third trimester, however, was characterized 1) by reductions in insulin-stimulated GRd (-28%, P < 0.05, compared with the second trimester and -40%, P < 0.05, compared with postpartum); 2) by even larger reductions in insulin-stimulated carbohydrate oxidation (-46%, P < 0.05, compared with the second trimester and -54%, P < 0.02, compared with postpartum); and 3) by reduction of insulin suppression of EGP (-39% compared with -79% at the second trimester and -77% postpartum, P < 0.01).Glucose-tolerant obese women developed peripheral was well as hepatic insulin resistance during the third trimester of pregnancy. These alterations were reversed after delivery and appeared to be adaptive mechanisms to cope with the increased demand for glucose of the growing fetus.
Species differences in vulnerability to injury by oxidant stress: a possible link with calcium handling?
Authors: T. Nakata, D. J Hearse
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Journal Article Species differences in vulnerability to injury by oxidant stress: a possible link with calcium handling? Get access Tomoaki Nakata, Tomoaki Nakata Cardiovascular Research, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas's Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom Correspondence to: Professor Hearse Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David J Hearse David J Hearse Cardiovascular Research, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas's Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 24, Issue 10, October 1990, Pages 857–864, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.10.857 Published: 01 October 1990 Article history Received: 28 March 1990 Accepted: 06 June 1990 Published: 01 October 1990
Treating colorectal cancer: chances in front of goal
Authors: N. A Scott
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The provision and more importantly the politics of colorectal cancer treatment often feature in the press. The UK prime minister's cancer summit to cut cancer deaths by one fifth over the next decade concluded that the 150 specialist oncologists in Britain should be doubled. A spokesman for a cancer charity said, “we could switch spending on acne and constipation to fighting cancer.” We can't get into the cancer premier league without more money, more investment—the chant from the terraces—let's buy a new striker, let's buy 150 specialist oncologists.

Before buying or selecting a new striker, a football manager needs a measure of effectiveness. How often is a chance in front of goal converted into a score by the proposed signing? A striker that puts away one chance in three is worthy of investment. If he needs 20 chances in front of goal to score then I think …
High prevalence of IgE antibodies among blood donors in Sweden and Norway
Authors: S. G. O. Johansson, A. Nopp, E. Florvaag, J. Lundahl, T. Söderström, A. B. Guttormsen, T. Hervig, M. Lundberg, H. Öman, M. van Hage
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Reactions after a blood transfusion could be allergic because of passive transfer of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies from allergic donors. Aims of the study: To compare spectrum and prevalence of IgE antibodies in blood donors from Sweden and Norway. Methods: Using the ImmunoCAP method, serum samples from 1002 blood donors from Sweden and 500 from Norway were analysed for IgE antibodies to common inhalant and food allergens and allergens common in a hospital environment, such as penicilloyl G and latex. Results: As many as 23.6–27.3% of the donors had IgE antibodies to at least one of the 14 allergens tested. Of these 6.8–16.7% had extremely high concentrations, i.e. &gt;35 kU A /l corresponding to 100 times the cut‐off for a positive allergy test. Most donors were sensitized to pollens, dander and mite but several had very high levels of IgE antibodies to penicilloyl G, latex and peanut. The pattern of sensitizing allergens differed between Sweden and Norway. Conclusions: High serum levels of IgE antibodies to various allergens are common among blood donors and the degree of sensitization and spectrum of involved allergen varies between geographical regions. Present routines to identify IgE sensitized, potential risk, donors are not satisfactory; the sensitivity of selection procedures is about 25%.
Erythema elevatum diutinum and IgA myeloma: an interesting association.
Authors: A J Archimandritis, A Fertakis, G Alegakis, S Bartsokas, K Melissinos
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Congenital malaria in one non-identical twin Only seven cases of congenital malaria have been reported in Britain.'I The case described here is believed to be the first to be reported in a binovular twin. Case historyShortly after her arrival in England from India in 1974, the mother, a 23-year-old primigravida, was found to have pulmonary tuberculosis, which was treated with streptomycin, rifampicin, and isoniazid.She became pregnant in September 1975, and her treatment was changed to para- aminosalicylic acid and isoniazid.Twin pregnancy was diagnosed radiologically in April 1976.The mother was admitted to hospital later that month in premature labour and delivered live male twins on 26 April 1976.The placenta and membranes were normal and consistent with the twins being binovular, Twin I was deliecred as a vertex presentation using Wriglev's forceps.Apart from transient anaemia his progress was uneventful.Repeated blood films showed no evidence of malaria.Twin II was found to have a transverse lie.External version was unsuccess- ful.The membranes ruptured spontaneously and a hanid prolapsed.He was subsequently delivered by internal version and breech extractioni under general anaesthesia.He weighed 2-3 kg and wvas estimated to be of 35 weeks' gestation.A mild degree of Erb's palsy on the left soon resolved.He became jaundiced in the neonatal period, the serum bilirubin level reaching 229 timol/l (13 4 mg/100 ml) on the fifth day, then rapidly subsiding.He continued to thrive until 42 days, when he became febrile with a rectal temperature of 38-2 C.There was no obvious cause for this and he was feeding well, though he was noticed to be pale.The pulse rate was 160/min and there was a soft systolic ejection murmur at the apex.The liver and given melphalan and corticosteroids and radiotherapy for the painful bone deposits.After 10 weeks she was discharged feeling much better.A year later she relapsed and was readmitted. CommentParaproteinaemia is associated with various autoimmune skin diseases (especially pyoderma gangrenosum)2 3 and hypersensitivity reactions.
Doctor who stalked glamour model is reinstated
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A doctor who was struck off in 2006 has been reinstated after a Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service panel accepted that he has conquered the alcohol dependence that led him to commit a string of breaches of good medical practice.

Shibley Rahman, 40, was erased from the medical register eight years ago for deficient professional performance as a senior house officer at Hammersmith and Northwick Park Hospitals. He was found guilty of misconduct involving a patient at Charing Cross Hospital and for stalking a former nurse who became a model and reality television contestant. A few weeks before his erasure he was also convicted of two counts …
Relation between mortality and treated blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension: report of the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly.
Authors: J. Staessen, C. Bulpitt, D. Clement, P. De Leeuw, R. Fagard, A. Fletcher, F. Forette, G. Leonetti, A. Nissinen, K. O'Malley
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the relation between mortality and treated systolic and diastolic blood pressures. DESIGN--Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. Mortality in the two treatment groups was examined in thirds of treated systolic and diastolic blood pressures. PATIENTS--339 And 352 patients allocated to placebo and active treatment, respectively. The groups were similar at randomisation in sex ratio (70% women), mean age (71.5 years), blood pressure (182/101 mm Hg), and proportion of patients with cardiovascular complications (35%). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--In the placebo group total mortality rose with increasing systolic pressure whereas it had a U shaped relation with diastolic pressure, the total lowest mortality being in patients in the middle third of the distribution of diastolic pressure. In the group given active treatment total mortality showed a U shaped relation with systolic pressure and an inverse association with treated diastolic pressure. In both groups cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality followed the same trends as total mortality. The increased mortality in the lowest thirds of pressure was not associated with an increased proportion of patients with cardiovascular complications at randomisation or with a fall in diastolic pressure exceeding the median fall in pressure in each group. In contrast, patients in the lowest thirds of pressure showed greater decreases in body weight and haemoglobin concentration than those in the middle and upper thirds of pressure. CONCLUSIONS--In patients taking active treatment total mortality was increased in the lowest thirds of treated systolic and diastolic blood pressures. This increased mortality is not necessarily explained by an exaggerated reduction in pressure induced by drugs as for diastolic pressure a U shaped relation also existed during treatment with placebo. In addition, patients in the lowest thirds of systolic and diastolic pressures were characterised by decreases in body weight and haemoglobin concentration, and the patients in the lowest thirds of diastolic pressure taking active treatment also by an increased non-cardiovascular mortality, suggesting some deterioration of general health.
Molecular basis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in a patient with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.
Authors: J M Wilson, W N Kelley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

We have investigated the molecular basis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency in a patient who presented with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. A catalytically incompetent form of HPRT has been isolated from this patient's erythrocytes and lymphoblasts. This enzyme variant, which we have termed HPRTKinston, is indistinguishable from the normal enzyme in terms of its intracellular concentration and maximal velocity, but differs with respect to its isoelectric point (more basic) and Michaelis constants for both substrates (markedly elevated). The tryptic peptides of HPRTKinston were mapped by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography in an attempt to define the precise abnormality in its primary structure. Sequence analysis of the single aberrant tryptic peptide in HPRTKinston revealed an aspartic acid to asparagine amino acid substitution at position 193. Electrophoretic analysis of the CNBr peptides of HPRTKinston confirmed the location of the proposed mutation. This amino acid substitution can be explained by a single nucleotide change in the codon for aspartic acid 193 (GAC leads to AAC). This is the first specific mutation described at the molecular level in a patient with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.
Government health insurance for people below poverty line in India: quasi-experimental evaluation of insurance and health outcomes
Authors: N. Sood, E. Bendavid, A. Mukherji, Z. Wagner, S. Nagpal, P. Mullen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objectives</b> To evaluate the effects of a government insurance program covering tertiary care for people below the poverty line in Karnataka, India, on out-of-pocket expenditures, hospital use, and mortality. <b>Design</b> Geographic regression discontinuity study. <b>Setting</b> 572 villages in Karnataka, India. <b>Participants</b> 31 476 households (22 796 below poverty line and 8680 above poverty line) in 300 villages where the scheme was implemented and 28 633 households (21 767 below poverty line and 6866 above poverty line) in 272 neighboring matched villages ineligible for the scheme. <b>Intervention</b> A government insurance program (Vajpayee Arogyashree scheme) that provided free tertiary care to households below the poverty line in about half of villages in Karnataka from February 2010 to August 2012. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Out-of-pocket expenditures, hospital use, and mortality. <b>Results</b> Among households below the poverty line, the mortality rate from conditions potentially responsive to services covered by the scheme (mostly cardiac conditions and cancer) was 0.32% in households eligible for the scheme compared with 0.90% among ineligible households just south of the eligibility border (difference of 0.58 percentage points, 95% confidence interval 0.40 to 0.75; P&lt;0.001). We found no difference in mortality rates for households above the poverty line (households above the poverty line were not eligible for the scheme), with a mortality rate from conditions covered by the scheme of 0.56% in eligible villages compared with 0.55% in ineligible villages (difference of 0.01 percentage points, −0.03 to 0.03; P=0.95). Eligible households had significantly reduced out-of-pocket health expenditures for admissions to hospitals with tertiary care facilities likely to be covered by the scheme (64% reduction, 35% to 97%; P&lt;0.001). There was no significant increase in use of covered services, although the point estimate of a 44.2% increase approached significance (−5.1% to 90.5%; P=0.059). Both reductions in out-of-pocket expenditures and potential increases in use might have contributed to the observed reductions in mortality. <b>Conclusions</b> Insuring poor households for efficacious but costly and underused health services significantly improves population health in India.
P63. Autologous tumour cells and SW742 allogeneic cell line have comparable stimulating effect on PBMCs of gastrointestinal malignant patients in vitro
Authors: A Sheikhi, K Saadati, R Salmani, N Mousavinasab
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Natural killer activity is believed to be important contributor of a patient’s immune system to fight cancer. However, cancer patients have reportedly defective NK activity and the malignant target frequently has developed mechanisms to escape detection of NK cells. Our research
Atrial Fibrillation — Rhythm or Rate Control
Authors: Michael E Cain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The human heart has a complex electrical system that ensures coordinated propulsion of blood under a variety of physiologic conditions. Remarkable effort is expended with each heartbeat to maintain sinus rhythm. Arrhythmias are a system failure — and none more so than atrial fibrillation. It is the most common sustained arrhythmia, and people with atrial fibrillation have a mortality rate that is twice as high as that among people with sinus rhythm. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation increases with age, from 0.5 percent among young adults to more than 6 percent among those 80 years of age or older.“Delirium . . .