tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multi-Institutional Trial of Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Potentially Resectable Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: J.A. Ajani, P.F. Mansfield, N. Janjan, J. Morris, P.W. Pisters, P.M. Lynch, B. Feig, R. Myerson, R. Nivers, D.S. Cohen, L.L. Gunderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

In the West, curative (R0) resection is achieved in approximately 50% of patients with localized gastric carcinoma, and more than 60% die of cancer following an R0 resection. A multi-institutional study of preoperative chemoradiotherapy was done to assess the R0 resection rate, pathologic complete response (pathCR) rate, safety, and survival in patients with resectable gastric carcinoma.Operable patients with localized gastric adenocarcinoma were eligible. Staging also included a laparoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Patients received up to two 28-day cycles of induction chemotherapy of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and cisplatin, followed by 45 Gy of radiation plus concurrent fluorouracil. Patients were then staged and surgery was attempted.Thirty-four patients were registered at three institutions. One ineligible patient was excluded. Most patients had a promixal cancer and EUST3N1 designation. Twenty-eight (85%) of 33 patients underwent surgery. The R0 resection rate was 70% and pathCR rate was 30%. A pathologic partial response (< 10% residual carcinoma in the primary) occurred in eight patients (24%). EUS T plus N and postsurgery T plus N correlation showed significant downstaging (P = <.01). The median survival time for 33 patients was 33.7 months. Patients achieving a pathCR or pathPR had a significantly longer median survival time (63.9 months) than those achieving less than pathPR (12.6 months; P =.03). There were two treatment-related deaths.Our data suggest that the three-step strategy of preoperative induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy resulted in substantial pathologic response that resulted in durable survival time. This strategy is worthy of a direct comparison with postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
Vitamin A treatment for night blindness in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: R P Walt, C M Kemp, L Lyness, A C Bird, S Sherlock
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Three patients with late stage primary biliary cirrhosis were found to have appreciable night blindness. Serum vitamin A concentrations were low in all three patients despite regular intramuscular supplementation in two. All patients responded dramatically to high dose oral supplementation, with full recovery of adaptation to dark and visual fields. Oral rather than intramuscular vitamin A supplementation seems appropriate in the prevention of ocular complications of vitamin A deficiency in biliary cirrhosis.
Abnormal movement of the arytenoid region as a cause of upper airway obstruction.
Authors: A Nagai, T Kanemura, K Konno
Journal: Thorax (1992)

A 75 year old woman presented with a three week history of severe dyspnoea and cough. Auscultation and spirometry suggested extrathoracic inspiratory airway obstruction, and bronchoscopy showed abnormal motion of the arytenoid region (supraglottic area), causing upper airway obstruction only during forced inspiratory efforts. Sedatives improved the symptoms within a week. It is suggested that reversible malfunction of the arytenoid region can be responsible for upper airway obstruction.
Linearity or separability?
Authors: Bärbel Herrnberger, Günter Ehret
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Sussman et al. state that auditory systems exploit linear correlations in the sound signal in order to identify perceptual categories. Can the auditory system recognize linearity? In bats and owls, separability of emergent features is an additional constraint that goes beyond linearity and for which linearity is not a necessary prerequisite.
Rituximab versus a watch-and-wait approach in patients with advanced-stage, asymptomatic, non-bulky follicular lymphoma: an open-label randomised phase 3 trial
Authors: Kirit M Ardeshna, Wendi Qian, Paul Smith, Nivette Braganca, Lisa Lowry, Pip Patrick, June Warden, Lindsey Stevens, Christopher F E Pocock, Fiona Miall, David Cunningham, John Davies, Andrew Jack, Richard Stephens, Jan Walewski, Burhan Ferhanoglu, Ken Bradstock, David C Linch
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
2-Methoxyestradiol Inhibits Prostate Tumor Development in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate: Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Stimulated Gene 6
Authors: Gretchen E. Garcia, Hans-Georg Wisniewski, M. Scott Lucia, Nicole Arevalo, Thomas J. Slaga, Susan L. Kraft, Robert Strange, Addanki P. Kumar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: 2-Methoxyestradiol, an estrogenic metabolite, is in clinical trials for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. However, neither the chemopreventive role nor the mechanism of 2-methoxyestradiol–induced biological activities is fully understood. Experimental Design: Eight- and 24-week-old transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice were fed a diet containing 50 mg 2-methoxyestradiol/kg body weight for 16 and 8 weeks, respectively. Chemopreventive efficacy was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, determining the prostate-seminal vesicle complex volume and histologic analysis of prostate tumor or tissue. Tumor invasion assays were used to show the role of tumor necrosis factor-α–stimulated gene (TSG-6), a 2-methoxyestradiol–up-regulated gene identified by DNA array analysis. Expression of TSG-6 was analyzed in a human tissue array containing different grades of prostate tumors. Results: Dietary administration of 2-methoxyestradiol prevented the development of preneoplastic lesions independent of progression stage. TSG-6 was low or undetectable in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, PC-3, and DU145) and TRAMP tumors but up-regulated in response to 2-methoxyestradiol. Immunohistochemistry of the human prostate tumor array showed a decrease in TSG-6–positive cells with increasing grade relative to normal prostate (P = 0.0001). Although overexpression of TSG-6 inhibited invasion of androgen-independent cells (P = 0.007), antisense TSG-6 reversed this effect. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the potential of 2-methoxyestradiol as a chemopreventive agent. We have also identified TSG-6 as a potential marker that could be used for early diagnosis and prognosis of cancerous or precancerous lesions.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs potentiate the vasoconstrictor effects of ouabain in the dog.
Authors: A S Nies, J G Gerber
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis alter the peripheral vascular effects of the cardiac glycoside, ouabain.Ouabain (35 /»g/kg) was given to 12 mongrel dogs, six of which had been pretreated 1 hour previously with the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID), indomethacin or meclofenamate (6 mg/kg, iv, bolus followed by 1 mg/ min infusion).Hemodynamic variables were monitored for 30 minutes before and for 3 hours after ouabain administration.Mean arterial pressure was significantly increased in all dogs for 45 minutes after ouabain, and cardiac output was unchanged.In the animals that did not receive non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ouabain transiently (15 min) decreased renal blood flow and increased renal vascular resistance.Mesenteric blood flow was not altered by ouabain until 90 minutes, after which time it was significantly increased.In the dogs pretreated with NSAID, renal blood flow was reduced for 60 minutes after administration of ouabain.In addition, 30 minutes after ouabain, the mesenteric blood flow was reduced by 43 ± 17 ml/min from a baseline value of 192 ± 42 ml/min (P < 0.05), and this reduction persisted for the entire 3-hour observation period.Control animals that did not receive ouabain showed neither an increase in arterial pressure nor a decrease in renal or mesenteric blood flow over the period of the experiment.Thus, pretreatment with NSAID enhanced the duration of the renal vasoconstrictor effects of ouabain in the dog and converted late mesenteric vasodilation to early and persistent vasoconstriction.These data imply a potentially important role for vasodilating prostaglandins in modulating the mesenteric as well as the renal circulatory responses to ouabain.
Correlation of impedance response patterns to histological findings in irritant skin reactions induced by various surfactants
Authors: I. NICANDER, S. OLLMAR, A. EEK, B. LUNDH ROZELL†, L. EMTESTAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We have explored the use of measurements of electrical impedance to discriminate between the effects of different irritant substances upon the skin, and have studied the relationships between impedance and histopathological change. Three compounds with different chemical profiles were tested on volunteers: sodium lauryl sulphate, benzalkonium chloride and nonanoic acid. The concentrations selected were such that each irritant produced responses of a similar order, as judged by visual scores. The magnitude and phase of electrical impedance were measured and, for comparison, also the transepidermal water loss. Four physically distinct aspects (indices) were devised from the impedance data, and the values obtained were statistically analysed. The three irritants produced different effects, giving distinctive impedance patterns. These were also found to be reflected by three different types of histopathological skin response. Our results suggest that the indices can be used to classify irritant contact reactions, which it is difficult or impossible to achieve by other non-invasive techniques.
Diffusing capacities and ventilation: perfusion ratios in patients with the clinical syndrome of alveolar capillary block
Authors: Hartmut Arndt, Thomas K. C. King, William A. Briscoe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Studies were performed on 10 patients with the clinical syndrome of alveolar capillary block while each patient was breathing four different inspired oxygen mixtures. The data were interpreted using the principle of the Bohr integral isopleth with which alveolar oxygen tension in the differently ventilated parts of the lung can initially be treated as unknown. It is then possible to determine the distribution of ventilation, of perfusion, of diffusing capacity, of lung volume, and of alveolar and end capillary blood oxygen tension in the variously functioning parts of the lung. In two patients shunts were the major factor interfering with oxygen transfer. In four others inequalities in ventilation: perfusion ratios and in diffusing capacity in different parts of the lung were the factors interfering with oxygen transfer. In four more patients ventilation: perfusion ratios were the same throughout the lung, the only disturbance of oxygen transfer being in the total diffusing capacity or in its distribution between the different parts of the lung.
Interleukin (IL)-23 mediates <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>–induced immunopathology in the gut via matrixmetalloproteinase-2 and IL-22 but independent of IL-17
Authors: Melba Muñoz, Markus M. Heimesaat, Kerstin Danker, Daniela Struck, Uwe Lohmann, Rita Plickert, Stefan Bereswill, André Fischer, Ildikò Rita Dunay, Kerstin Wolk, Christoph Loddenkemper, Hans-Willi Krell, Claude Libert, Leif R. Lund, Oliver Frey, Christoph Hölscher, Yoichiro Iwakura, Nico Ghilardi, Wenjun Ouyang, Thomas Kamradt, Robert Sabat, Oliver Liesenfeld
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Peroral infection with Toxoplasma gondii leads to the development of small intestinal inflammation dependent on Th1 cytokines. The role of Th17 cells in ileitis is unknown. We report interleukin (IL)-23–mediated gelatinase A (matrixmetalloproteinase [MMP]-2) up-regulation in the ileum of infected mice. MMP-2 deficiency as well as therapeutic or prophylactic selective gelatinase blockage protected mice from the development of T. gondii–induced immunopathology. Moreover, IL-23–dependent up-regulation of IL-22 was essential for the development of ileitis, whereas IL-17 was down-regulated and dispensable. CD4+ T cells were the main source of IL-22 in the small intestinal lamina propria. Thus, IL-23 regulates small intestinal inflammation via IL-22 but independent of IL-17. Gelatinases may be useful targets for treatment of intestinal inflammation.
Pharmacodynamic Efficacy, Clinical Safety, and Outcomes After Prolonged Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Blockade With Oral Xemilofiban
Authors: Dean J. Kereiakes, Neal S. Kleiman, James J. Ferguson, A. R. Zaki Masud, Thomas M. Broderick, Charles W. Abbottsmith, John Paul Runyon, Linda C. Anderson, Robert J. Anders, Roger J. Dreiling, Gary L. Hantsbarger, Brian Bryzinski, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Parenteral administration of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) receptor blockers can reduce ischemic complications of coronary angioplasty. Orally active GP IIb/IIIa blockers may allow more sustained receptor antagonism with the potential for long-term secondary prevention. The pharmacodynamic efficacy, clinical safety, and outcomes after prolonged receptor blockade with an orally active GP IIb/IIIa antagonist are not known. The Oral Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Blockade to Inhibit Thrombosis (ORBIT) Trial is a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of xemilofiban, an oral platelet GP IIb/IIIa blocking agent, administered to patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods and Results —After successful elective percutaneous coronary intervention, 549 patients were randomized to receive either placebo or xemilofiban in a dose of 15 or 20 mg. Stented patients randomized to placebo also received ticlopidine 250 mg orally BID for 4 weeks. Patients who received abciximab during the coronary intervention and who were randomized to receive xemilofiban were administered a reduced dosage (10 mg TID for 2 weeks) followed by the randomized maintenance dose of 15 or 20 mg BID for 2 more weeks. All patients received 325 mg aspirin PO QD. Ex vivo platelet aggregation in response to 20 μmol/L ADP and 4 μg/mL collagen was measured over time after the initial dose of study drug and at days 14 and 28 of long-term therapy in 230 patients. All patients were followed clinically for 90 days. Xemilofiban inhibited platelet aggregation to both ADP and collagen with peak levels of inhibition that were similar at 14 and 28 days of long-term oral therapy. Plasma levels of xemilofiban correlated with the degree of platelet inhibition. Peak platelet inhibition on day 1 correlated with the subsequent occurrence of insignificant or mild bleeding events. Although this study was not powered to evaluate differences in clinical outcomes, a trend ( P =0.04) was observed for reduction of cardiovascular events at 3 months in patients not treated with abciximab who received the highest dose (20 mg) of xemilofiban studied. Conclusions —Xemilofiban inhibited platelet aggregation and was well tolerated during 28 days of long-term oral therapy. The observed trend in reduction of cardiovascular events in follow-up awaits confirmation in the larger-scale phase III study (EXCITE trial) currently in progress.
Impairments, disabilities, and handicaps of very preterm and very-low-birthweight infants at five years of age
Authors: S Veen, M.H Ens-Dokkum, A.M Schreuder, S.P Verloove-Vanhorick, J.H Ruys, S.P Verloove-Vanhorick, R Brand
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
Testicular Action and Structural Relationships of Compounds with Antiatherogenic Activity
Authors: MANUEL RENÉ MALINOW, JAIME A. MOGUILEVSKY, BALTAZAR LEMA, GRATO E. BUR, AARÓN ERENFRYD
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Cholesterol-fed chickens have been injected subcutaneously for eight weeks with the following drugs: estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, estriol, androstanolone, δ5-androstenediol and androstanediol. Aortic and coronary atherosclerosis, blood and aortic cholesterol, as well as several endocrine structures have been studied. Coronary atherosclerosis has been prevented by estradiol and by diethylstilbestrol, while the other steroids have been ineffective at the dosage used here. When birds were considered individually, no correlation was found between antiatherogenic activity and endocrine changes, thus confirming that testicular depression is not necessary for arterial protection. An attempt to correlate molecular structure and arterial changes has been carried out.
Combination Therapy with Vidaza and Entinostat Suppresses Tumor Growth and Reprograms the Epigenome in an Orthotopic Lung Cancer Model
Authors: Steven A. Belinsky, Marcie J. Grimes, Maria A. Picchi, Hugh D. Mitchell, Chris A. Stidley, Yohannes Tesfaigzi, Meghan M. Channell, Yanbin Liu, Robert A. Casero, Stephen B. Baylin, Mathew D. Reed, Carmen S. Tellez, Thomas H. March
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Epigenetic therapy for solid tumors could benefit from an in vivo model that defines tumor characteristics of responsiveness and resistance to facilitate patient selection. Here we report that combining the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat with the demethylating agent vidaza profoundly affected growth of K-ras/p53 mutant lung adenocarcinomas engrafted orthotopically in immunocompromised nude rats by targeting and ablating pleomorphic cells that occupied up to 75% of the tumor masses. A similar reduction in tumor burden was seen with epigenetic therapy in K-ras or EGFR mutant tumors growing orthotopically. Increased expression of proapoptotic genes and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 was seen. Hundreds of genes were demethylated highlighted by the reexpression of polycomb-regulated genes coding for transcription factor binding proteins and the p16 gene, a key regulator of the cell cycle. Highly significant gene expression changes were seen in key regulatory pathways involved in cell cycle, DNA damage, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling. These findings show the promise for epigenetic therapy in cancer management and provide an orthotopic lung cancer model that can assess therapeutic efficacy and reprogramming of the epigenome in tumors harboring different genetic and epigenetic profiles to guide use of these drugs. Cancer Res; 71(2); 454–62. ©2011 AACR.
Safety and Effectiveness of Long-Acting Inhaled β-Agonist Bronchodilators When Taken with Inhaled Corticosteroids
Authors: Pierre Ernst, Andrew McIvor, Francine M. Ducharme, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Mark FitzGerald, Kenneth R. Chapman, Tony Bai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Long-acting beta-agonists are a pillar of therapy for many patients with asthma because they are the preferred add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroids. However, a recent meta-analysis documented a substantial increase in severe exacerbations requiring hospital admission and life-threatening asthma exacerbations in patients treated with long-acting beta-agonists. A careful evaluation of this meta-analysis raises several concerns about its applicability to current practice. Pivotal trials evaluating the benefit of adding long-acting beta-agonists to inhaled corticosteroids were not included. The authors of the current paper call for physicians to continue their usual practice of using long-acting beta-agonists as adjunctive therapy, as well as for an independent meta-analysis of individual patients using inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists concomitantly.
638 DAIRY PRODUCTS, CALCIUM AND RISK OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN THE EUROPEAN PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION INTO CANCER AND NUTRITION (EPIC) STUDY
Authors: T. Duarte-Salles, V. Fedirko, A. Trichopoulou, C. Bamia, I. Romieu, M. Jenab
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Continuous renal replacement therapy: A worldwide practice survey
Authors: Shigehiko Uchino, Rinaldo Bellomo, Hiroshi Morimatsu, Stanislao Morgera, Miet Schetz, Ian Tan, Catherine Bouman, Ettiene Macedo, Noel Gibney, Ashita Tolwani, Heleen Oudemans-van Straaten, Claudio Ronco, John A. Kellum
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
A Clinical Demonstration on a Case of Rheumatic Perityphlitis: Given in King's College Hospital
Authors: I. B. Yeo
Journal: BMJ (1894)

TM aunm 1289 1"IC,LL JovaRAL RtIEBUMATIC PERITYPHLITIS.audible over the pulmoniary area, whicli was referred to t}le previous an,emia, and tllere was a softer syistolic murmur Sltard over tlle cardiac ap)ex.Tlle pulse was 84 aiid ratlier full.'The uriiie wals of iiormal aspec't, its deildity 1022 , free fromi albumnen and with no deposit of litliates.
Adaptive cardiovascular changes to physical training in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats
Authors: L. WEISS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Journal Article Adaptive cardiovascular changes to physical training in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats Get access LILIAN WEISS LILIAN WEISS 1 From the Department of Physiology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden 1Correspondence to Dr Lilian Weiss, Department of Physiology, University of Göteborg, Fack, S-400 33 Göteborg, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 12, Issue 6, June 1978, Pages 329–333, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/12.6.329 Published: 01 June 1978
Barriers to the Use of Herpes Zoster Vaccine
Authors: Laura P. Hurley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: The herpes zoster vaccine is the most expensive vaccine recommended for older adults and the first vaccine to be reimbursed through Medicare Part D. Early uptake has been 2% to 7% nationally. Objective: To assess current vaccination practices, knowledge and practice regarding reimbursement, and barriers to vaccination among general internists and family medicine physicians. Design: Mail and Internet-based survey, designed through an iterative process and conceptually based on the Health Belief Model. Setting: National survey conducted from July to September 2008. Participants: General internists and family medicine physicians. Measurements: Survey responses on current vaccination practices, knowledge and practice regarding reimbursement, and barriers to vaccination. Results: Response rates were 72% in both specialties (301 general internists and 297 family medicine physicians). Physicians in both specialties reported similar methods for delivering vaccine, which included stocking and administering the vaccine in their offices (49%), referring patients to a pharmacy to purchase the vaccine and bring it back to the office for administration (36%), and referring patients to a pharmacy for vaccine administration (33%). Eighty-eight percent of providers recommend herpes zoster vaccine and 41% strongly recommend it, compared with more than 90% who strongly recommend influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. For physicians in both specialties, the most frequently reported barriers to vaccination were financial. Only 45% of respondents knew that herpes zoster vaccine is reimbursed through Medicare Part D. Of respondents who began administering herpes zoster vaccine in their office, 12% stopped because of cost and reimbursement issues. Limitations: Survey results represent reported but not observed practice. Surveyed providers may not be representative of all providers. Conclusion: Physicians are making efforts to provide herpes zoster vaccine but are hampered by barriers, particularly financial ones. Efforts to facilitate the financing of herpes zoster vaccine could help increase its use. Primary Funding Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.