tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insulin-like growth factor-I reverts testicular atrophy in rats with advanced cirrhosis
Authors: Inma Castilla-Cortazar, Maria Garcia, Jorge Quiroga, Nieves Diez, Fernando Diez-Caballero, Alfonso Calvo, Matias Diaz, Jesus Prieto
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The pathogenesis of hypogonadism in cirrhosis is not completely understood. The levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), an anabolic factor with trophic actions on testes, are reduced in cirrhosis. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether rats with advanced cirrhosis develop hypogonadism and whether the administration of IGF-I exerts beneficial effects on testicular structure and function. Wistar rats with ascitic cirrhosis induced with CCl 4 were allocated into 2 groups (n = 10, each) to receive recombinant IGF-I (20 μg · kg −1 · d −1 , subcutaneously) or vehicle for 3 weeks. Healthy rats receiving vehicle were used as the control group (n = 10). At baseline, both cirrhotic groups showed similar deterioration of liver function tests. Compared with controls, nontreated cirrhotic rats showed decreased serum levels of IGF-I ( P &lt; .05), reduced testicular size and weight ( P &lt; .001), and intense histopathological testicular abnormalities, including reduced tubular diameters ( P &lt; .001), loss of the germinal line ( P &lt; .001), and diminutions in cellular proliferation, spermatogenesis ( P &lt; .001), and testicular transferrin expression ( P &lt; .001). In addition, low serum testosterone ( P &lt; .01) and high serum LH ( P &lt; .01) were present in untreated cirrhotic animals. Cirrhotic rats that received IGF-I showed full recovery of testicular size and weight and of all histopathological abnormalities ( P &lt; .001 to &lt; .01 vs. nontreated cirrhotic rats; P = ns vs. controls). Serum levels of sex hormones tended to normalize. In conclusion, IGF-I deficiency may play a pathogenetic role in hypogonadism of cirrhosis. Low doses of IGF-I for a short period of time revert testicular atrophy and appear to improve hypogonadism in advanced experimental cirrhosis.
New Trials Highlight Breast Cancer Therapy and Prevention
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Facilitating Adjustment to Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Model of Psychosocial Intervention in Non-Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Robert Maunder, Mary Jane Esplen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; There is no consensus about the most appropriate psychosocial interventions for people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or the most appropriate criteria by which to select which patients might benefit from the available interventions. Nonetheless the perception that stress and other subjective factors contribute to suffering in IBD is persistent and professionals are often called upon to offer appropriate support. A model of normal psychosocial adjustment to IBD and the interventions which can improve difficulties with adjustment will facilitate rational therapeutic intervention and needed research in this area. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A model of normal adjustment to IBD is developed from a synthesis of the empirical literature and clinical experience in a tertiary care medical/surgical IBD centre and is used to identify potential points of psychosocial intervention. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Normal adjustment to IBD can be understood as a process involving the interaction of a triad of adaptive challenges: illness uncertainty, loss and change, and suffering. Each of these challenges requires different criteria of psychosocial assessment and may lead to different interventions. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Although the interventions available for improving adjustment to IBD have not been exhaustively investigated, the existing data support the value of further study. The model of psychosocial adjustment presented here provides a synthesis of the existing data and a starting point for further research.
Wilson's disease: Transplantation when all else has failed
Authors: Irmin Sternlieb
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Experience with liver transplantation for patients with Wilson’s disease who have major neurological impairment is limited, and this report describes the results obtained in two such patients. The first was a 30-year-old man with a 14-month history of hepatic and neurological impairment. In spite of treatment with d -penicillamine, he developed increasing dysarthria, dysphagia, akinesia and rigidity of all four limbs, and required continuous nursing care. Following transplantation, liver function was almost normal from four weeks onwards, but recovery of neurological function was much slower and was not seen until two to three months after surgery. By four months he was sufficiently mobile to be discharged, and when he returned for assessment at eight months, no abnormal neurological signs were detectable. The second patient was a 27-year-old woman with worsening liver dysfunction for eight years; one year previously she had developed dysarthria, akinesia, a fine tremor and moderate rigidity of all limbs as well as marked psychological impairment. There was no improvement on treatment with d -penicillamine or trientine, but as liver function returned to normal two months after liver grafting, her neurological and psychological function began to improve so that by three months she could be discharged.
The Y Chromosome and Primary Sexual Differentiation
Authors: Renée Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The mammalian Y chromosome plays a dominant role in initiating fetal testicular differentiation. Testicular differentiating genes on the Y chromosome can be serologically detected as H-Y antigen. The correlation of numerical and structural abnormalities of the X and Y chromosomes, combined with H-Y antigen reactivity, gonadal histology, and phenotype, has contributed to mapping the locus of these genes on the Y chromosome and has elucidated some of the mechanisms responsible for anomalous primary sexual differentiation. The causes for failure of gonadal differentiation despite the presence of a Y chromosome or for testicular differentiation in the absence of a detectable Y are discussed. Evidence is presented for genes on the X chromosome that regulate the activity of testicular differentiating genes on the Y chromosome. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1953-1956)
How widespread is prejudice against sick doctors by self help groups?
Authors: N J Stafford
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—The self help group movement is flourishing: there are thousands of groups active in the United Kingdom and their numbers are increasing. The suspicions of doctors towards self help groups have been discussed,1 2 3 4 and they are understandable, though perhaps misinformed. However, I can find no published work on the attitudes of self help groups towards sick doctors who wish to join such groups.

Two years ago I was diagnosed as having …
Nearly half of UK young doctors say stress levels rose last year
Authors: H. Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Nearly half of UK young doctors say stress levels rose last year Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
MELANOMA OF AMPULLA OF VATER
Authors: George W. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Mrs. M. L. C., aged 56, with five children, seen, Oct. 9, 1930, had been tiring easily and had noticed numerous black lumps in her skin for several months. These lumps had been increasing in size, and she had been losing weight. Her family history was negative for melanoma. Her personal history had no bearing except for cholecystotomy in 1910. Examination revealed several small black moles grouped together in the region of the insertion of the deltoid of the right arm. Information was obtained that she had bruised this area several weeks previously. No area of reaction or inflammation was found around these moles. Immediately above the outer end of the right clavicle was a tumor the size of a lime which had been present about two months and had grown rapidly. The tumor was fairly firm with some overlying skin discoloration. Other and smaller tumors were noted in the
Circulation in Paget's Disease of Bone
Authors: Walter G. J. Putschar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Gross dilatation of the visible vessels of bone was already noted in Paget's original description of this disease.1 More recently, the attention of cardiologists was aroused by the observation of Edholm, Howarth and McMichael that the blood flow in an extremity affected by Paget's disease may be increased up to 20 times, with an increase of cardiac output of two to three times and an increase of oxygen tension in the venous blood of the affected limb. Cardiac dilatation and decompensation have been observed in severe, active cases of Paget's disease.2 These symptoms are identical with those found in patients . . .
Abstract IA3: In tumor screening for novel targets in papillary serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Maria Giuseppina Baratta, Maria Giuseppina Baratta, Joyce Liu, Joyce Liu, Yaara Zwang, Yaara Zwang, Yaara Zwang, Anna Schinzel, Anna Schinzel, Ronny Drapkin, Ronny Drapkin, William Hahn, William Hahn, William Hahn, David M. Livingston, David M. Livingston
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In search of new, potential therapeutic target proteins in primary ovarian cancer cells, we have performed in-tumor shRNA screens in an established, human ovarian cancer (ov ca) cell line growing either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in immunologically incompetent mice. Validation tests were then performed on the confirmed hits in viability/proliferation assays performed, in parallel, in at least two, cultured primary papillary serous ov ca cell strains each of which was generated by direct intraperitoneal injection of primary, patient- derived ov ca cells. The lentiviral shRNA library used contained ~8,000 hairpins, collectively directed against all known human protein kinases and a number of established human oncoproteins. Approximately 40 hits were detected and confirmed in this study, in which the screen involved deep sequencing of DNA isolated from residual tumor material growing in multiple animals. Here the search was for any hairpins that were selectively and specifically depleted from these DNA samples. Currently, we are focusing on two, new hits in this effort with special attention to their effects on primary human ov ca cell tumor formation in nude mice. Citation Format: Maria Giuseppina Baratta, Maria Giuseppina Baratta, Joyce Liu, Joyce Liu, Yaara Zwang, Yaara Zwang, Yaara Zwang, Anna Schinzel, Anna Schinzel, Ronny Drapkin, Ronny Drapkin, William Hahn, William Hahn, William Hahn, David M. Livingston, David M. Livingston. In tumor screening for novel targets in papillary serous ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA3.
Quantitative Angiocardiography
Authors: JOHN A. MURRAY, J. WARD KENNEDY, MELVIN M. FIGLEY
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Maximum and minimum volumes of the left atrium (LA) were calculated from the biplane angiocardiograms of 18 men and four women without significant heart disease. The mean LA maximum volume was 63 cc ± 16 cc; the mean LA minimum volume was 31 cc±10 cc, and their difference, LA cyclic volume change, was 33 cc±13 cc. Larger LA volumes were associated with greater cyclic volume changes. LA cyclic volume changes constituted 38% of LV stroke volume. No significant correlation between LA volumes and age, sex, surface area, heart rate, LV end-diastolic volume, LV stroke volume, or cardiac output was found. Volume data in normal subjects support the thesis that the LA serves mainly as a reservoir and conduit for blood destined for the left ventricle and that its contractile function is less important. The relation of LA volume change to LV stroke volume appears abnormal in chronic mitral regurgitation and constrictive pericarditis.
Comprehensive Drug Surveillance
Authors: Hershel Jick
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The urgent need for information about clinical drug effects may be partially met by a large-scale comprehensive drugsurveillance program designed to permit the detection of unsuspected side effects and drug interactions, the quantitation of known effects, and the evaluation of the role of influencing factors. Such a program, the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, now involving eight hospitals, is described, the principles and potential of this type of research are discussed, and data on some broad aspects of drug utilization and effects are presented. An appropriately designed drug-surveillance program can be introduced to hospital wards with a minimum of interference with the ward routine, can be applied in a standardized form in different centers, and is indeed capable of providing valuable information about clinical drug effects.
Endothelial modulation of the coronary vasculature in vessels perfused via mature collaterals.
Authors: F W Sellke, J E Quillen, L A Brooks, D G Harrison
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Previous in vivo studies have shown that vasopressin, which releases the endothelium-derived relaxing factor and constricts coronary smooth muscle, produces augmented constriction of coronary microvessels perfused by mature collaterals. We hypothesized that chronic perfusion through collaterals produces endothelial dysfunction in the recipient vasculature. Mature collaterals were stimulated in mongrel dogs by the ameroid constrictor technique. After 3-6 months, rings of conduit vessels (obtuse marginals) were studied in organ chambers, and coronary microvessels (100-220 microns) were studied in a pressurized, no-flow state with a microvessel imaging apparatus. Eleven dogs were used as controls. Large vessels were preconstricted with prostaglandin F2 alpha to 30-70% of the maximum potassium chloride tension, and microvessels were preconstricted to 20-60% of the baseline diameter with the thromboxane mimetic U46619. Relaxations to the receptor-mediated agents acetylcholine and ADP were markedly impaired in collateral-dependent coronary microvessels, whereas relaxations to nitroglycerin were enhanced compared with microvessels from control dogs. Relaxation to the calcium ionophore A23187, which releases the endothelium-derived relaxing factor through nonreceptor-mediated mechanisms, were similar in control and ameroid microvessels. Constriction to vasopressin was augmented in collateral-dependent microvessels compared with controls. Responses to all agonists were similar between control and collateral-dependent large vascular rings. In conclusion, chronic perfusion through collateral vessels selectively impairs receptor-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxations and augments constriction to vasopressin in the coronary microcirculation. These findings may have important implications regarding neurohumoral regulation of perfusion to collateral-dependent myocardium.
Abstract 2133: Phenylenebis(1,2-ethanediyl)bisisoselenourea (PBISe), a novel selenium drug for the treatment of hepatocellular cancer (HCC)
Authors: Hephzibah R. Tagaram, Dhimant Desai, Sherwin Ongsansoy, Anthia P. Dasari, Kavitha Gowda, Dai Liu, Guangfu Liu, Shantu Amin, Kevin Staveley-O'Carroll
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is an aggressive tumor that frequently arises in a setting of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Appearing 20 to 30 years from initial insult, it is more likely to be discovered in its late stage. The median survival following diagnosis is approximately 6 to 20 months. Although the definitive treatment is tumor resection, most patients are not eligible because of tumor extent or underlying liver dysfunction. Alternative chemopreventive approach in reducing HCC mortality is to be explored. Earlier we have shown the efficacy of PBISe against colon adenocarcinoma and metastatic melanoma with a negligible systemic toxicity in animal studies. In the present study, we intend to demonstrate the chemotherapeutic effects of PBISe on the human HCC. We analyzed the role of PBISe and the underlying mechanism in HCC. PBISe in our study suppressed cell growth, and induce apoptosis. Evaluation of PBISe was performed in vitro on human SK-HEP-1, HepG2, C3A and HUH-7 cells by cellular viability, caspase 3/7 activity, annexin-V expression, DNA fragmentation by Tunnel, cell cycle analysis and AKT, ERK, STAT, SAPK/JNK phosphorylation. PBISe promotes apoptosis by upregulating caspase 3/7, annexin-V, and cPARP. Increased DNA fragmentation was observed with PBISe in all the HCC cell lines tested. PBISe also mediated the cellular proliferation by AKT signaling and downstream pPRAS40 by inducing the cell cycle arrest at G2-M phase. Decreased pERK, pSTAT and pAKT shows that PBISe has a potential to target several signaling pathways. Overall our results suggest that PBISe is a potent chemotherapeutic agent with novel properties for the treatment of HCC. The chemotherapeutic effect of PBISe in the murine HCC model will be discussed. Supported by Penn State Deans Feasibility Grant to H.R.T, NIH RO3 CA 137763-01 to D. D., NIH KO8 417-67HY to K.S.O.C. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2133. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2133
Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme. Alterations in hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Robert C. Smallridge, James Rogers, Pritam S. Verma
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured in the serum samples of 247 patients with varying thyroid states. In 60 hyperthyroid patients, the mean ( ± SD) ACE level of 29.5 ±9.7 units/mL was higher than in all other groups. The serum ACE level was 17.0 ± 5.1 units/mL in 129 euthyroid subjects and differed from the level of 13.9±5.1 units/mL observed in 34 hypothyroid patients. Twenty-four patients receiving exogenous thyroid hormone had elevated serum thyroxine values. Their mean serum triiodothyronine level was in the normal range, and the mean ACE level did not differ from the euthyroid mean. The mean serum ACE level fell from 30.8 to 17.4 units/mL in 35 hyperthyroid patients studied before and after therapy. In 12 hypothyroid subjects, the mean serum ACE level rose from 11.6 to 15.8 units/mL after thyroid hormone replacement. In eight of ten patients with transient hyperthyroidism (subacute thyroiditis or painless thyrotoxic thyroiditis), their highest ACE levels were observed in the hyperthyroid or transition phase and fell progressively with the lowest values being recorded during the hypothyroid or early recovery phases. Thus, ACE activity may respond to thyroid hormone, and interpretation of serum ACE levels may require knowledge of the patient's thyroid status. Serum ACE may be useful as a probe for exploring peripheral thyroid hormone action. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2489-2493)
Scottish hospitals miss A&amp;E targets as attendance hits record high
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Health boards in Scotland are struggling to meet the government’s targets on emergency waiting times in the face of growing demand, new figures have shown.

The national target for health boards is to admit, transfer, treat, or discharge at least 98% of patients in emergency departments within four hours. The latest quarterly figures from the Information Services Division show that only one of Scotland’s 14 health boards, NHS Tayside, met this target every month between March and June 2014.1 Nine health boards missed the target every month.

In June 2014 NHS Tayside achieved the highest rate of compliance with the target at 99.4% of attendances, while …
The Effects of Chemotherapy on Bony Metastases as Measured by Quantitative Skeletal Imaging
Authors: SALVATORE A. DELUCA, FRANK P. CASTRONOVO, JAMES T. RHEA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

The effect of chemotherapy on bony metastases from adenocarcinoma of the colon was investigated by quantitative skeletal imaging over a two-month interval. The quantitative skeletal imaging results correlated with conventional blood chemistry results over this time period. While chemical assay techniques furnish an average value of lesion response, the quantitative bone scan represents a method for individual lesion analysis. This methodology has the potential to provide a better understanding of metastatic bone disease therapy.
SOME POINTS IN CONNECTION WITH THE MEINICKE (M.K.R.) TEST
Authors: J. ERNEST NICOLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1932)

Journal Article SOME POINTS IN CONNECTION WITH THE MEINICKE (M.K.R.) TEST Get access J. ERNEST NICOLE J. ERNEST NICOLE Lancashire County Mental Hospital, Winwick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 44, Issue 6, 1 June 1932, Pages 305–309, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1932.tb09609.x Published: 01 June 1932