tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Addressing Safety Issues of Health Care Personnel, Family Members, and the Environment
Authors: Jessica Livneh, Kent Waddington, Jair Bar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Oncology Nursing Society Chemotherapy Administration Safety Standards."Although these published safety standards do much to ensure that patients are properly protected during treatments, we are concerned that these guidelines fail to adequately address the issue of protecting the general public and the health care personnel entrusted to administer the various antineoplastic agents.In the introductory text, the authors state that these medications pose a potential hazard to patients.][4][5][6] In addition, these agents pose risks to the environment and to the general population.There have been reports of the presence of anthracyclines in hospital effluence, 6 cyclophosphamide in sewage water, 8,9 and fluorouracil in river waters. 10ecently, these issues have become even more critical since an increasing number of antineoplastic agents are being formulated as tablets to be self-administered at home.In view of the fact that these medications are not given by professionals familiar with standards of safe handling and safe disposal of surplus drugs, the risk of exposure to the general population, primarily caregivers, and family members, becomes far greater.In this setting, disposal of self-administered antineoplastic drugs through the general household waste system becomes a real threat to the environment.Formal guidelines regarding the issue of safe antineoplastic drug administration are incomplete unless the safety of the personnel involved in preparation and administration of these drugs is addressed.Such guidelines should also include instructions for safe use at home by laymen.Importantly, instructions about the safe disposal of antineoplastic drugs and contaminated equipment should be part of these safety standards.
Interleukin-10 is a central regulator of the response to LPS in murine models of endotoxic shock and the Shwartzman reaction but not endotoxin tolerance.
Authors: D J Berg, R Kühn, K Rajewsky, W Müller, S Menon, N Davidson, G Grünig, D Rennick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Previous studies in vivo have shown that IL-10 infusion can prevent lethal endotoxic shock. Mice deficient in the production of IL-10 (IL10T) were used to investigate the regulatory role of IL-10 in the responses to LPS in three experimental systems. In a model of acute endotoxic shock, it was found that the lethal dose of LPS for IL10T mice was 20-fold lower than that for wild type (wt) mice suggesting that endogenous IL-10 determines the amount of LPS which can be tolerated without death. The high mortality rate of IL10T mice challenged with modest doses of LPS was correlated to the uncontrolled production of TNF as treatment with anti-TNF antibody (Ab) resulted in 70% survival. Additional studies suggested that IL-10 mediates protection by controlling the early effectors of endotoxic shock (e.g., TNF alpha) and that it is incapable of directly antagonizing the production and/or actions of late appearing effector molecules (e.g., nitric oxide). We also found that IL10T mice were extremely vulnerable to a generalized Shwartzman reaction where prior exposure to a small amount of LPS primes the host for a lethal response to a subsequent sublethal dose. The priming LPS dose for IL10T mice was 100-fold lower than that required to prime wt mice implying that IL-10 is important for suppressing sensitization. In agreement with this assumption, IL-10 infusion was found to block the sensitization step. Interestingly, IL-10 was not the main effector of endotoxin tolerance as IL10T mice could be tolerized to LPS. Furthermore, IL-10 infusion could not substitute for the desensitizing dose of LPS. These results show that IL-10 is a critical component of the host's natural defense against the development of pathologic responses to LPS although it is not responsible for LPS-induced tolerance.
Postinfarction angina caused by coronary arterial spasm.
Authors: Y Koiwaya, S Torii, A Takeshita, O Nakagaki, M Nakamura
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Recurrent ST-segment elevations in leads where new Q waves developed were repeatedly recorded in six patients during a recovery phase of acute myocardial infarction. Such ST-segment elevations were transient, occurred with or without chest pain, and returned to control levels. No enzymatic changes signifying recurrent myocardial necrosis were found after each episode. Selective coronary cineangiography in one patient demonstrated a mild segmental stenosis in the coronary artery perfusing the infarcted area; this artery became completely occluded after administration of i.v. ergonovine. Administration of calcium antagonists effectively reduced the frequency of postinfarction angina and ST-segment elevations. The clinical features suggest that the postinfarction angina in these patients is produced by coronary arterial spasm and that coronary arterial spasm may cause severe life-threatening dysrhythmias.
Four-dimensional surface-tracking of contrast-enhanced transthoracic biplane echocardiograms: A new tool for quantitative assessment of left ventricular function
Authors: Javier Bermejo, Roberto M. Lang, Rodolfo Odreman, Miguel Mulet, James Saunders, Lynn Weinert, Lissa Sugeng, Mar Moreno, Miguel A. Garcia-Fernandez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Effectiveness and Cost of Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract in Critically Ill Intubated Patients
Authors: MIGUEL SÁNCHEZ GARCÍA, JOSÉ A. CAMBRONERO GALACHE, JULIA LÓPEZ DIAZ, ENRIQUE CERDÁ CERDÁ, JOSÉ RUBIO BLASCO, MIGUEL A. GÓMEZ AGUINAGA, ANTONIO NÚÑEZ REIZ, SANTIAGO ROGERO MARÍN, JUAN J. OÑORO CAÑAVERAL, JOSÉ A. SACRISTÁN del CASTILLO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We evaluated the effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and its associated morbidity and cost in a mixed population of intubated patients. Two hundred seventy-one consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) of five teaching hospitals and who had an expected need for intubation exceeding 48 h were enrolled and received topical antibiotics or placebo. Uninfected patients additionally received ceftriaxone or placebo for 3 d. VAP occurred in 11.4% of SDD-treated and 29.3% of control-group patients (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.8 to 27.9). The incidence of nonrespiratory infections in the two groups was 19.1% and 30.7%, respectively (p = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.7 to 22.7). Among survivors, the median length of ICU stay was 11 d (interquartile range: 7 to 21.5 d) for the SDD-treated group and 16.5 d (10 to 30 d) for the control group (p = 0.006). Mean cost per survivor was $11,926 for treated and $16,296 for control-group patients. Mortality was 38.9% and 47.1%, respectively (p = 0.57). In decontaminated patients, the prevalence of gram-negative bacilli fell within 7 d from 47.4% to 13.0% (p < 0.001), whereas colonization with resistant gram-positive strains was higher (p < 0.05) than in the placebo group. In a mixed population of intubated patients, SDD was associated with a significant reduction of morbidity at a reduced cost. Our findings support the use of SDD in this high-risk group. Sánchez
Smoking and Long-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The EPIC-InterAct Study in European Populations
Authors: Annemieke M.W. Spijkerman, Daphne L. van der A, Peter M. Nilsson, Eva Ardanaz, Diana Gavrila, Antonio Agudo, Larraitz Arriola, Beverley Balkau, Joline W. Beulens, Heiner Boeing, Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain, Guy Fagherazzi, Edith J.M. Feskens, Paul W. Franks, Sara Grioni, José María Huerta, Rudolf Kaaks, Timothy J. Key, Kim Overvad, Domenico Palli, Salvatore Panico, M. Luisa Redondo, Olov Rolandsson, Nina Roswall, Carlotta Sacerdote, María-José Sánchez, Matthias B. Schulze, Nadia Slimani, Birgit Teucher, Anne Tjonneland, Rosario Tumino, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Claudia Langenberg, Stephen J. Sharp, Nita G. Forouhi, Elio Riboli, Nicholas J. Wareham
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

The aims of this study were to investigate the association between smoking and incident type 2 diabetes, accounting for a large number of potential confounding factors, and to explore potential effect modifiers and intermediate factors.
Group Process Research: A Factor Analytical Study
Authors: DAVID M. HAWKINS, C. BRYAN NORTON, CARL EISDORFER, DANIEL GIANTURCO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

In order to gain a clearer understanding of the treatment process in group therapy, the authors devised a questionnaire for observers to use in describing group sessions. After subjecting these observations to factor analysis, five distinct factors were identified and related to the behavior of the subject groups. Possibilities for further investigation include the profile of the successful group and identification of leadership style effects. It is suggested that identifying the components of each factor will aid the understanding of conditions that lead to its variation in a specific profile.
Diuretic Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Ehud Grossman, Paolo Verdecchia, Ari Shamiss, Fabio Angeli, Gianpaolo Reboldi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Although thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics are indispensable drugs in the treatment of hypertension, their role as first-line or even second-line drugs is a provoking debate.

The European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension (ESC/ESH) guidelines recommend that thiazide diuretics should be considered as suitable as β-blockers, calcium antagonists, ACE inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers for the initiation and maintenance of antihypertensive treatment (1).

Another European position, endorsed by the British Hypertension Society, is that diuretics and calcium channel blockers should be first-line drugs in hypertensive patients aged ≥55 years or black patients of any age, whereas ACE inhibitors (or angiotensin receptor blockers in the case of intolerance to ACE inhibitors) should be first-line drugs in hypertensive patients younger than 55 years of age (http://nice.org.uk/CG034guidance).

The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC VII) on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure recommends that thiazide diuretics should be preferred drugs in “most” hypertensive patients, either alone or combined with drugs from other classes (2).

The present review does not intend to negate the important role of diuretics in certain groups of patients (blacks, salt-sensitive patients, concomitant heart failure) or to underestimate their role in multiple-drug combinations in patients with resistant hypertension. The main argument that will be discussed is the place of diuretics as first-line drugs or add-on drugs in the context of the available antihypertensive armamentarium.

The pro side of the controversy will argue that diuretics should remain the preferred drugs for initial treatment in many hypertensive patients, whereas the cons side will contend that emerging evidence from outcome-based studies is casting doubt on the role of these drugs as first-line and even second-line antihypertensive treatment.

Lowering blood pressure (BP) has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. The …
Neighbourhood air quality and snoring in school-aged children
Authors: L. Kheirandish-Gozal, M. Ghalebandi, M. Salehi, M. H. Salarifar, D. Gozal
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The prevalence of habitual snoring has been extensively explored in paediatric populations. Although exposure to cigarette smoke increases the risk of habitual snoring in a dose-dependent fashion, the potential contribution of air quality to habitual snoring remains unclear. 6000 questionnaires were distributed to 6- to 12-year-old children attending public schools in five distinct neighbourhoods within the city of Tehran, Iran, that were preselected based on air quality measures. Habitual snoring was defined as loud snoring ≥3 nights per week. Information regarding clinical and family-related habitual snoring risk factors was also obtained. Descriptive statistics followed by adjusted risk assessments were conducted. Among the 4322 (72%) completed datasets, the prevalence of habitual snoring was 11.6%. Partition of habitual snoring rates according to neighbourhood air quality characteristics revealed significantly higher habitual snoring frequencies among children residing in neighbourhoods with greatest pollution (24.5% and 12.1% in South and Central neighbourhoods <i>versus</i> 7.0% and 7.7% in North and East neighbourhoods, respectively). The regional variance in habitual snoring was primarily accounted for by an integrated measure of air quality, even after controlling for other risk factors. Environmental air quality emerges as a significant and potentially modifiable contributor to the risk for developing habitual snoring during childhood.
Neutrophil-activating properties of the melanoma growth-stimulatory activity.
Authors: B Moser, I Clark-Lewis, R Zwahlen, M Baggiolini
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (MGSA), a peptide reported to be mitogenic for Hs294T human melanoma cells, has extensive sequence similarity to the neutrophil-activating peptide NAP-1/IL-8, suggesting functional similarities. To test this hypothesis, MGSA was chemically synthesized and tested for its effects on human neutrophils. It was found to induce chemotaxis, exocytosis of elastase, and changes in cytosolic-free calcium to an extent and at concentrations similar to NAP-1/IL-8. However, MGSA was considerably less potent than NAP-1/IL-8 in inducing the respiratory burst. Intradermal injections in rats of MGSA resulted in a massive accumulation of neutrophils. Our data demonstrate that, apart from its growth-stimulatory activity, MGSA is a potent inflammatory agonist with neutrophil-stimulating properties.
Mass Cytometric Functional Profiling of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Defines Cell-Cycle and Immunophenotypic Properties That Correlate with Known Responses to Therapy
Authors: Gregory K. Behbehani, Nikolay Samusik, Zach B. Bjornson, Wendy J. Fantl, Bruno C. Medeiros, Garry P. Nolan
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by a high relapse rate that has been attributed to the quiescence of leukemia stem cells (LSC), which renders them resistant to chemotherapy. However, this hypothesis is largely supported by indirect evidence and fails to explain the large differences in relapse rates across AML subtypes. To address this, bone marrow aspirates from 41 AML patients and five healthy donors were analyzed by high-dimensional mass cytometry. All patients displayed immunophenotypic and intracellular signaling abnormalities within CD34(+)CD38(lo) populations, and several karyotype- and genotype-specific surface marker patterns were identified. The immunophenotypic stem and early progenitor cell populations from patients with clinically favorable core-binding factor AML demonstrated a 5-fold higher fraction of cells in S-phase compared with other AML samples. Conversely, LSCs in less clinically favorable FLT3-ITD AML exhibited dramatic reductions in S-phase fraction. Mass cytometry also allowed direct observation of the in vivo effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy.The mechanisms underlying differences in relapse rates across AML subtypes are poorly understood. This study suggests that known chemotherapy sensitivities of common AML subsets are mediated by cell-cycle differences among LSCs and provides a basis for using in vivo functional characterization of AML cells to inform therapy selection.
THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF TYPE I ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM IN MICE
Authors: Kenneth Goodner, Frank L. Horsfall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

The mouse protection test for the evaluation of type specific antipneumococcus serum has been studied with reference to the quantitative relationships between the amount of antibody and the number of injected bacteria. By varying both these factors through wide limits certain definite characteristics of the protection test have been defined. These are the Schwellenwert, the prozone, and the limiting titer zone. The modifications produced in the manifestations of these characteristics by changes in the technic of performing the test and also by certain non-specific reagents are described. The dependence of the outcome of the test upon variable factors intrinsic to the host is discussed.
Molecular phylogenies in angiosperm evolution.
Authors: W Martin, D Lydiate, H Brinkmann, G Forkmann, H Saedler, R Cerff
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1993)

We have cloned and sequenced cDNAs for the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of glycolysis, gapC, from a bryophyte, a gymnosperm, and three angiosperms. Phylogenetic analyses are presented for these data in the context of other gapC sequences and in parallel with published nucleotide sequences for the chloroplast encoded gene for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL). Relative-rate tests were performed for these genes in order to assess variation in substitution rate for coding regions, along individual plant lineages studied. The results of both gene analyses suggest that the deepest dichotomy within the angiosperms separates not magnoliids from remaining angiosperms, but monocotyledons from dicotyledons, in sharp contrast to prediction from the Euanthial theory for angiosperm evolution. Furthermore, these chloroplast and nuclear sequence data taken together suggest that the separation of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous lineages took place in late Carboniferous times [approximately 300 Myr before the present (Mybp)]. This date would exceed but be compatible with the late-Triassic (approximately 220 Mybp) occurrence of fossil reproductive structures of the primitive angiosperm Sanmiguelia lewisii.
NAD(P)H Oxidase
Authors: Kathy K. Griendling, Dan Sorescu, Masuko Ushio-Fukai
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Reactive oxygen species have emerged as important molecules in cardiovascular function. Recent work has shown that NAD(P)H oxidases are major sources of superoxide in vascular cells and myocytes. The biochemical characterization, activation paradigms, structure, and function of this enzyme are now partly understood. Vascular NAD(P)H oxidases share some, but not all, characteristics of the neutrophil enzyme. In response to growth factors and cytokines, they produce superoxide, which is metabolized to hydrogen peroxide, and both of these reactive oxygen species serve as second messengers to activate multiple intracellular signaling pathways. The vascular NAD(P)H oxidases have been found to be essential in the physiological response of vascular cells, including growth, migration, and modification of the extracellular matrix. They have also been linked to hypertension and to pathological states associated with uncontrolled growth and inflammation, such as atherosclerosis.
Fast and Consistent Estimation of Species Trees Using Supermatrix Rooted Triples
Authors: Michael DeGiorgio, James H. Degnan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Concatenated sequence alignments are often used to infer species-level relationships. Previous studies have shown that analysis of concatenated data using maximum likelihood (ML) can produce misleading results when loci have differing gene tree topologies due to incomplete lineage sorting. Here, we develop a polynomial time method that utilizes the modified mincut supertree algorithm to construct an estimated species tree from inferred rooted triples of concatenated alignments. We term this method SuperMatrix Rooted Triple (SMRT) and use the notation SMRT-ML when rooted triples are inferred by ML. We use simulations to investigate the performance of SMRT-ML under Jukes-Cantor and general time-reversible substitution models for four- and five-taxon species trees and also apply the method to an empirical data set of yeast genes. We find that SMRT-ML converges to the correct species tree in many cases in which ML on the full concatenated data set fails to do so. SMRT-ML can be conservative in that its output tree is often partially unresolved for problematic clades. We show analytically that when the species tree is clocklike and mutations occur under the Cavender-Farris-Neyman substitution model, as the number of genes increases, SMRT-ML is increasingly likely to infer the correct species tree even when the most likely gene tree does not match the species tree. SMRT-ML is therefore a computationally efficient and statistically consistent estimator of the species tree when gene trees are distributed according to the multispecies coalescent model.
Deposition of complement CIq in primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis
Authors: K. DANNO, S. IMAMURA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Deposition of immunoglobulins and complement components was studied in twelve cases of primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis by direct immunofiuorescence microscopy. CIq was detected in amyloid islands in ten cases but immunoglobulins and C3 were found in only a few cases. It is suggested that CIq may be one of the nonepidermal components of cutaneous amyloid.
Role of envelope glycoprotein carbohydrate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectivity and virus-induced cell fusion.
Authors: J Lifson, S Coutré, E Huang, E Engleman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope glycoprotein interactions with cell surface CD4 are involved in both virion infectivity and virally mediated cell fusion. D-mannose-specific lectins such as Con A specifically blocked virion infectivity and cell fusion. Studies with a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the HIV envelope gene demonstrated that Con A-mediated inhibition of HIV-induced fusion involved lectin binding to the viral envelope glycoprotein. These results indicate the importance of envelope glycosylation in the pathobiology of HIV infection, and suggest potential mechanisms for interfering with HIV infectivity and cytopathology.
Robotic pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy: Technical considerations
Authors: Amilcare Parisi, Jacopo Desiderio, Stefano Trastulli, Roberto Cirocchi, Caudio Renzi, Carlo Boselli, Francesco De Santis, Adolfo Petrina, Mario Annecchiarico, Michele Di Marino, Lapo Bencini, Federico Perna, Daniele Pironi, Alberto Santoro, Andrea Coratti
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)