tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Doppler determination of cardiac output in man. Clinical validation.
Authors: L L Huntsman, D K Stewart, S R Barnes, S B Franklin, J S Colocousis, E A Hessel
Journal: Circulation (1983)

A noninvasive technique for assessing cardiac output (CO) was evaluated by comparing it with thermodilution determinations in patients in the intensive care unit. The new method uses pulsed ultrasound to measure aortic diameter and continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound to obtain aortic blood velocity. An initial study evaluating just the velocity measurement showed that changes of the Doppler index of output (DI) correlated well with those of thermodilution cardiac output (TDCO). Linear regression analysis yielded delta DI = 0.87 delta TDCO + 0.14 (r = 0.83, n = 95). Using a university research instrument these measurements were possible in 54 of 60 patients (90%). A second study using a prototype commercial device incorporated the diameter measurement. Ultrasonic cardiac output (UCO), calculated as the time integral of velocity multiplied by the aortic area, was compared to TDCO. The data, obtained from 45 of 53 patients (85%), are described by the linear regression UCO = 0.95TDCO + 0.38 (r = 0.94, n = 110) over a range of 2-11 l/min. Patients with aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency or a prosthetic valve have been excluded from the second study due to conditions likely to violate the assumptions upon which the calculation of absolute cardiac output is based. These results indicate that accurate CO can be measured by noninvasive ultrasound in most patients. The technique may be useful for extended CO monitoring in acute care patients and for CO assessment in many other types of patients undergoing diagnostic studies and therapeutic interventions.
Paraneoplastic Pemphigus With Autoantibody Deposition in Bronchial Epithelium After Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: S. Honor Fullerton
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a newly described syndrome in which patients have a severe mucocutaneous eruption with clinical features reminiscent of both erythema multiforme major (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) and pemphigus vulgaris, in association with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and other malignant neoplasms. These patients have autoantibodies that bind to a characteristic set of epidermal proteins: desmoplakin I and desmoplakin II (molecular weight equals 250 kd and 210 kd, respectively), both major cytoskeletal structural proteins associated with desmosome cellular junctions within all epithelia, the bullous pemphigoid antigen, a 230 kd protein associated with hemidesmosomes, and a 190,000-d protein that has not been characterized. In this report, we describe a patient with paraneoplastic pemphigus who had (1) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in apparent complete remission following autologous bone marrow transplantation, (2) very tense blisters reminiscent of bullous pemphigoid, (3) a unique pattern of immune deposits within the skin, and (4) IgG deposits within the epithelium of the pulmonary bronchi associated with respiratory compromise.
A European outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium definitive phage type 204b in 2000
Authors: P.D. Crook, J.F. Aguilera, E.J. Threlfall, S.J. O'Brien, G. Sigmundsdóttir, D. Wilson, I.S.T. Fisher, A. Amnion, H. Briem, J.M. Cowden, M.E. Locking, H. Tschäpe, W. van Pelt, L.R. Ward, M.A. Widdowson
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2003)
Role of ERK1/2 and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in the Regulation of Thrombospondin-1 by TGF-β1 in Rat Proximal Tubular Cells and Mouse Fibroblasts
Authors: Takahiko Nakagawa, Hui Y. Lan, Olena Glushakova, Hong J. Zhu, Duk-Hee Kang, George F. Schreiner, Erwin P. Bo[Combining Diaeresis]ttinger, Richard J. Johnson, Yuri Y. Sautin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) inhibits angiogenesis and activates latent TGF-β1, both of which are strongly associated with progression of renal disease. Recently, it was reported that Smad2 but not Smad3 regulates TSP-1 expression in response to TGF-β1 in rat tubular epithelial cells as well as in mouse fibroblasts. This study investigated the role of ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). TGF-β1 activated both ERK1/2 and p38 in the rat proximal tubular cell line NRK52E. Blocking ERK1/2 and p38 inhibited TGF-β1–induced TSP-1 mRNA and protein expression. Next, the cross-talk between Smad2 and ERK1/2 or p38 was examined. Whereas blocking of ERK1/2 or p38 failed to inhibit TGF-β1–induced Smad2 activation, inhibition of Smad2 by Smad7 overexpression inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not p38 in response to TGF-β1. Similar results were observed using mouse fibroblasts from Smad2 knockout embryos, in that TGF-β1 was able to activate p38 but not ERK1/2 in this cell line. In conclusion, TSP-1 expression is regulated by both ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in rat proximal tubular cells and mouse fibroblasts in response to TGF-β1. The ERK1/2 activation is dependent on Smad2 activation, whereas the p38 activation occurs independent of Smad2. Because TSP-1 is a major antiangiogenic molecule and an activator of TGF-β1, this provides an important insight to the mechanism by which TGF-β1 may mediate interstitial fibrosis and progressive renal disease.
Sulphasalazine: a safe, effective agent for prolonged control of rheumatoid arthritis. A comparison with sodium aurothiomalate.
Authors: D E Bax, R S Amos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

The place of sulphasalazine in the management of rheumatoid arthritis over prolonged periods of time has been compared and contrasted with that of sodium aurothiomalate. One hundred and forty-three patients (59 on sulphasalazine, 84 on sodium aurothiomalate) have been treated for periods of up to 42 months. Sulphasalazine is highly effective for some patients, though probably less frequently than sodium aurothiomalate. However, its safety profile is far superior, and very long-term treatment with sulphasalazine is a safe option for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Maternal Depression During Pregnancy and the Postnatal Period
Authors: Rebecca M. Pearson, Jonathan Evans, Daphne Kounali, Glyn Lewis, Jon Heron, Paul G. Ramchandani, Tom G. O’Connor, Alan Stein
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Some small studies suggest that maternal postnatal depression is a risk factor for offspring adolescent depression. However, to our knowledge, no large cohort studies have addressed this issue. Furthermore, only 1 small study has examined the association between antenatal depression and later offspring depression. Understanding these associations is important to inform prevention.
Perturbation of upper gastrointestinal function by cold stress.
Authors: D G Thompson, E Richelson, J R Malagelada
Journal: Gut (1983)

To study the effects of stressful stimulus (cold pain) upon postprandial gastric, duodenal, and pancreatic function, nine healthy adult volunteers were intubated and then given two identical liquid meals, (199 cal (789 KJ) 240 ml), each being ingested during a period of irregular fasting gastroduodenal motility. Ten minutes after each meal the subjects received, in randomised order, either a test or control stimulus. The test stimulus consisted of repeated one minute immersions of a hand into ice water, with 15 seconds recovery between immersions, for a total of 20 minutes, while for the control, water at 37 degrees C was used. Serial samples of gastric and duodenal contents allowed estimation of changes in gastric emptying and acid secretion, together with pancreatic trypsin output, by a double marker perfusion technique. Measurements of blood pressure, pulse, and finger temperature acted as extra-intestinal indices of autonomic response to the stimuli. Cold pain significantly delayed gastric emptying and produced a biphasic alteration in both gastric secretion and pancreatic trypsin output, with an initial reduction during the response to the stress followed by an increase during the post-stress period. Our findings show that the normal postprandial function of the upper gut can be measurably disturbed by a stressful stimulus. The coincidence of these disturbances with other extra-intestinal autonomic changes suggests that they are a further manifestation of the somatic response to a stress.
Three-dimensional echocardiography of normal and pathologic mitral valve: A comparison with two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Alessandro Salustri, Anton E. Becker, Lex van Herwerden, Wim B. Vletter, Folkert J. Ten Cate, Jos R.T.C. Roelandt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Shigatoxin triggers thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in genetically susceptible ADAMTS13-deficient mice
Authors: David G. Motto, Anil K. Chauhan, Guojing Zhu, Jonathon Homeister, Colin B. Lamb, Karl C. Desch, Weirui Zhang, Han Mou Tsai, Denisa D. Wagner, David Ginsburg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening illness caused by deficiency of the vWF-cleaving protease ADAMTS13. Here we show that ADAMTS13-deficient mice are viable and exhibit normal survival, although vWF-mediated platelet-endothelial interactions are significantly prolonged. Introduction of the genetic background CASA/Rk (a mouse strain with elevated plasma vWF) resulted in the appearance of spontaneous thrombocytopenia in a subset of ADAMTS13-deficient mice and significantly decreased survival. Challenge of these mice with shigatoxin (derived from bacterial pathogens associated with the related human disease hemolytic uremic syndrome) resulted in a striking syndrome closely resembling human TTP. Surprisingly, no correlation was observed between plasma vWF level and severity of TTP, implying the existence of TTP-modifying genes distinct from vWF. These data suggest that microbe-derived toxins (or possibly other sources of endothelial injury), together with additional genetic susceptibility factors, are required to trigger TTP in the setting of ADAMTS13 deficiency.
Letter: Prevalence of thyroid disease in the elderly sick.
Authors: H M Hodkinson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

43of cigarette'-and have also shown that smoking behaviour is influenced by per- sonalitv characteristics.'Alterations in smok- ing behaviour involve changes both in puff- ing rate and in depth of inhalation, each of which may modify the amount of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide absorbed.The present subjects decreased their puffing rate as pregnancy progressed but presumably in- haled more deeply, with the result that they managed to obtain the same amount of nicotine but apparentlv less carbon monoxide.The cause of these changes is not clear, but the findings illustrate the dangers of extrapolation of data obtained during struc- tured smoking regimens to real-life situations.
Temporary, catheter-induced block in accessory pathways.
Authors: T L Novick, E L Pritchett, R W Campbell, G C Rogers, A G Wallace, J J Gallagher
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Catheter-induced conduction delay or block in the accessory atrioventricular pathway of four patients with the preexcitation syndrome was observed. Block in the accessory pathway occurred during routine catheter placement and lasted from 90 seconds--14 hours. All of the pathways were in locations readily accessible to catheter trauma, located in the right anterior septal/paraseptal area in three patients, and in the posterior septum near the orifice of the coronary sinus in the fourth. The location of the acessory pathway was confirmed at surgery by endocardial mapping in three of the four patients. The fourth patient did not undergo survey. These findings suggest the need for caution in performing and interpreting electrode catheter studies which are undertaken to document the presence of accessory pathways.
Pigment gallstone formation in the cholesterol-fed guinea pig
Authors: Wayne W. Lamorte, Erica A. Brotschi, Thayer E. Scott, Lester F. Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Female Hartley guinea pigs fed a 0.5% cholesterol–supplemented diet were found to form pigmented gallstones after 6 weeks (17/23) and 12 weeks (11/11), while only 2 of 44 animals fed a trace cholesterol diet formed gallstones over a comparable period. The light brown stones consisted primarily of aggregates of fine granular crystals, morphologically similar to calcium bilirubinate crystals. The stones were soluble in 0.1 N sodium hydroxide and were found to contain a substance which co–migrated with unconjugated bilirubin during thin–layer chromatography. Despite hypercholesterolemia (202 ± 34 vs. 59 ± 22 mg per dl in controls, p &lt; 0.05) and fatty infiltration of the liver, cholesterol–fed animals had a lithogenic index of only 0.22 ± 0.04 in gallbladder bile as compared to a lithogenic index of 0.02 ± 0.01 in animals fed the trace cholesterol diet. Accordingly, no cholesterol monohydrate crystals were found in any animals. Hematocrits among cholesterol–fed animals (47.6 ± 1.2%) were lower than those of controls (54.8 ± 1.3%, p &lt; 0.05) probably as a result of the cholesterol–induced hemolytic anemia which has been reported by others in this species. Fasting gallbladder volume was greater in cholesterol–fed animals (2.4 ± 0.18 ml) than in controls (1.7 ± 0.11, p &lt; 0.0025), and a comparable increase in gallbladder dry tissue mass was found. There was no evidence of biliary obstruction, however, and the gallbladder contractile response to octapeptide cholecystokinin was comparable in both groups. The increase in gallbladder volume appeared to result from: (a) an increase in hepatic bile salt secretion with an associated increase in bile flow and (b) a decrease in the capacity of the gallbladder to absorb fluid from hepatic bile (6.0 ± 1.4 mg fluid per hr per mg tissue with cholesterol diet vs. 12.9 ± 0.9 in controls, p &lt; 0.0005). Total bile salt concentration was also decreased in gallbladder bile of cholesterol–fed animals (13.79 ± 0.51 vs. 18.56 ± 2.19 mmoles per liter in controls, p &lt; 0.05), probably as a result of increased hepatic bile flow and decreased gallbladder absorption. The absence of cholesterol gallstones in this model is consistent with the failure to supersaturate bile with cholesterol. The reasons for pigment gallstone formation are less clear but their occurrence may be the result of a cholesterol–induced hemolytic anemia.
Defending the young: Female aggression, resources, dominance, and the emptiness of patriarchy
Authors: Robin Fox
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Points of criticism of the target include: the extreme violence of females in defence of young despite high potential cost, the reality of female dominance striving, differences in male and female ritualization of aggression, the real existence of institutionalized female instrumental aggression, and the uselessness of “patriarchy” as defined as a category for differential analysis. It is concluded that it may in fact be the decline of patriarchy in the strict sense that leads to the female use of exculpatory explanations for aggression, thus reversing Campbell's proposed causal sequence.
EXCLUSION OF HAEMOPHILIA B IN MALE FETUS BY CHORIONIC VILLUS BIOPSY
Authors: T. Tønnesen, F. Søndergaard, F. Guttler, I. Oberlé, J.P. Moisan, J.L. Mandel, M. Hauge, E.M. Damsgård
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Inappropriate Data and Measures Lead to Questionable Conclusions—Reply
Authors: Robert D. Gibbons, C. Hendricks Brown, Kwan Hur, John M. Davis, J. John Mann
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
American Society of Clinical Oncology Technology Assessment on Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Strategies: Tamoxifen and Raloxifene
Authors: Rowan T. Chlebowski, Deborah E. Collyar, Mark R. Somerfield, David G. Pfister
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an evidence-based technology assessment to determine whether tamoxifen and raloxifene as breast cancer risk-reduction strategies are appropriate for broad-based conventional use in clinical practice. POTENTIAL INTERVENTION: Tamoxifen and raloxifene. OUTCOME: Outcomes of interest include breast cancer incidence, breast cancer-specific survival, overall survival, and net health benefits. EVIDENCE: A comprehensive, formal literature review was conducted for tamoxifen and raloxifene on the following topics: breast cancer risk reduction; tamoxifen side effects and toxicity, including endometrial cancer risk; tamoxifen influences on nonmalignant diseases, including coronary heart disease and osteoporosis; and decision making by women at risk for breast cancer. Testimony was collected from invited experts and interested parties. VALUES: More weight was given to publications that described randomized trials. BENEFITS/HARMS/COSTS: The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Working Group acknowledges that a woman's decision regarding breast cancer risk-reduction strategies will depend on the importance and weight attributed to the information provided regarding both cancer and non–cancer-related risks. CONCLUSIONS: For women with a defined 5-year projected risk of breast cancer of ≥ 1.66%, tamoxifen (at 20 mg/d for up to 5 years) may be offered to reduce their risk. It is premature to recommend raloxifene use to lower the risk of developing breast cancer outside of a clinical trial setting. On the basis of available information, use of raloxifene should currently be reserved for its approved indication to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women. Conclusions are based on single-agent use of the drugs. At the present time, the effect of using tamoxifen or raloxifene with other medications (such as hormone replacement therapy), or using tamoxifen and raloxifene in combination or sequentially, has not been studied adequately. The continuing use of placebo-controlled trials in other risk-reduction trials highlights the current unanswered issues concerning the use of such interventions, especially when the influence on net health benefit remains to be determined. Breast cancer risk reduction is a rapidly evolving area. This technology assessment represents an ongoing process with existing plans to monitor and review data and to update recommendations in a timely matter. (See Table 1 for a summary of conclusions.) VALIDATION: The conclusions of the Working Group were evaluated by the ASCO Health Services Research Committee and by the ASCO Board of Directors. SPONSOR: American Society of Clinical Oncology.
Clinical Significance of Human Kallikrein Gene 6 Messenger RNA Expression in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kazuhiko Ogawa, Tohru Utsunomiya, Koshi Mimori, Fumiaki Tanaka, Hiroshi Inoue, Hisashi Nagahara, Sadayuki Murayama, Masaki Mori
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Human kallikrein gene 6 (KLK6) is a member of the human kallikrein gene family, and recent studies have found that many kallikreins have altered expression patterns in various malignancies. The purpose of the current study was to quantify the expression of KLK6 in malignant and benign colorectal tissues and to statistically analyze whether KLK6 expression levels correlate with clinicopathologic variables and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Experimental Designs: Paired colorectal tissue samples from cancerous and corresponding noncancerous tissues were obtained from 63 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgical resection. Quantitative analyses of KLK6 mRNA expression were done using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Results: KLK6 mRNA overexpression in cancerous tissues compared with normal counterparts was observed in 57 of 63 (90%) patients. The mean expression level of KLK6 mRNA in cancerous tissues was significantly higher than that in noncancerous tissues (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Elevated KLK6 expression was significantly correlated with serosal invasion (P &amp;lt; 0.05), liver metastasis (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and advanced Duke's stage (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Furthermore, patients with high KLK6 expression had a significantly poorer actuarial overall survival than patients with low KLK6 expression (5-year overall survival rates: 54% and 73%, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that KLK6 mRNA expression was significantly higher in cancerous than in noncancerous colorectal tissues, and high expression of KLK6 mRNA correlated with serosal invasion, liver metastasis, advanced Duke's stage, and a poor prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer.
Palifermin in Prevention of Head and Neck Cancer Radiation-Induced Mucositis: Not Yet a Definitive Word on Safety and Efficacy Profile
Authors: Paolo Bossi, Laura D. Locati, Lisa Licitra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

TO THE EDITOR: We read with great interest the two reports on palifermin in the prevention of mucositis induced by postoperative or definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. They address the unmet need of prevention of this debilitating adverse effect. However, in our opinion, there are some limitations of the studies that should be stressed. The authors correctly underlined that safety data regarding palifermin on patient outcome should be interpreted with caution, because the sample sizes were chosen only to address the primary end points. We would emphasize this lack of safety data by adding two more considerations. First, erythropoiesis stimulating agents were allowed to deal with severe anemia, although their role can be detrimental to outcome in patients with head and neck cancer. A possible imbalance in the use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents between the two arms could have had an impact on outcome. Second, half of the patients included in both trials had oropharyngeal tumors without stratifying for human papillomavirus positivity. This could have severely biased outcome analysis because of the favorable prognosis of human papillomavirus– positive patients. Interestingly, the benefit of palifermin in physician-assessed mucositis in both trials was not paralleled by a better patient-reported outcome (PRO), assessed through the mouth and throat soreness score. Generally, adverse events reported by physicians are less accurate than those reported by PRO instruments. Indeed, for mucositis, some clinicians have proposed replacing physician scales with patientassessed mucositis reporting. Although mouth and throat soreness scores have been shown to be comparable to clinician assessment of mucositis, the same PRO in a randomized trial with palifermin in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation anticipated the onset, peak, and resolution of mucositis assessed by clinicians. These data would imply that for the present studies, the most sensitive instrument was not able to detect any difference. Thus, we fully share the same conclusions of the authors. The role of palifermin in mucositis prevention, along with its safety profile, must be further elucidated in future trials.