tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The victims of chernobyl in Greece: induced abortions after the accident.
Authors: D Trichopoulos, X Zavitsanos, C Koutis, P Drogari, C Proukakis, E Petridou
Journal: BMJ (1987)

that fluid overload alone causes increased pulmonary capillary permeability to plasma proteins.To avoid this potentially fatal complication a chest radiograph should be assessed carefully for features of fluid overload before OKT3 is used, and increased vigilance is needed.
Early growth and death from cardiovascular disease in women.
Authors: C Osmond, D J Barker, P D Winter, C H Fall, S J Simmonds
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To determine whether the link suggested between growth in utero and during infancy and death from cardiovascular disease in men is also present in women.Follow up study of women and men whose birth weight and weight at 1 year of age had been recorded.Hertfordshire, England.5585 women and 10,141 men born during 1911-30.Standardised mortality ratios for cardiovascular disease.Among women and men death rates from cardiovascular disease fell progressively between the low and high birth weights groups (chi 2 = 4.3, p = 0.04 for women, chi 2 = 8.5, p < 0.005 for men). Cardiovascular deaths in men but not women were also strongly related to weight at 1 year, falling progressively between the low and high weight groups (chi 2 = 27.5, p < 0.0001). The highest cardiovascular death rates in women were among those with below average birth weight but above average weight at 1 year. In men the highest rates were among those with below average birth weight and below average weight at 1 year.Relations between cardiovascular disease and birth weight are similar in men and women. In men cardiovascular disease is also related to weight gain in infancy.
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial-Reply
Authors: Shalom E. Kelman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The IONDT was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of optic nerve decompression surgery in the management of ischemic optic neuropathy. When the study design was submitted for peer review, the procedure had already gained wide acceptance in the ophthalmic community. This was based on empirical evidence that vision improved when optic nerve decompression surgery was performed within 30 days of the onset of symptoms.<sup>1-3</sup>The focus of our study was to evaluate the procedure as it was being practiced in the community and to determine by careful clinical follow-up whether or not it was efficacious and safe. Dr Smith's suggestion that surgery begin within hours of symptoms is theoretically a good one. The IONDT did shorten the time interval for eligibility to 14 days, precisely because we wanted to maximize the likelihood that intervention would improve optic nerve function. We believed that in an ischemic
Endoscopic fenestration of esophageal duplication cysts
Authors: H. Ivekovic, A. Jouret-Mourin, P. Deprez
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

The esophageal duplication cyst is an unusual congenital disorder of the foregut, accounting for 10 % – 15 % of duplications of all foregut cysts [1]. Up to 80 % of esophageal duplication cysts are diagnosed in childhood and symptomatic cysts in adults are very rare [2]. Although surgical excision provides definitive treatment, we report two patients with esophageal duplication cysts successfully treated endoscopically.
Counselling patients before an HIV test
Authors: K C Mohanty
Journal: BMJ (1991)

took a study of 2600 seafarers working with Belgian shipping companies.Of 336 screening tests, 15 (4-5%) yielded a positive result.This is extremely high, the average prevalence of HIV infection among Belgians being 0062%.3Thus, like prisoners, seafarers require management, treatment, education, and information is tailored to their circumstances.They need to be targeted as they pose complex logistical problems with regard to decreasing their risk.
Hepatobiliary Clearance of IgA Immune Complexes Formed in the Circulation
Authors: Paul R. Harmatz, Ronald E. Kleinman, Bruce W. Bunnell, Kurt J. Bloch, Allan W. Walker
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

The formation and clearance of circulating IgA immune complexes from blood to bile was investigated in this study. The i.v. injection of either MOPC–315, an IgA M–component with anti–dinitrophenyl (DNP) specificity, or TEPC–15, an IgA M–component of a different specificity, was followed by i.v. injection of 125 I–DNP 10 –bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the antigen. The formation and clearance of IgA immune complexes in the circulation of MOPC–315–treated, but not TEPC–15–treated animals was deømonstrated by immunoprecipitation with polyacrylamide beads coated with rabbit anti–mouse IgA. IgA– 125 I–DNP 10 –BSA complexes were identified in the bile from MOPC–315–treated, but not TEPC–15–treated animals utilizing this same immunoprecipitation technique. These observations suggest that the liver or bile ducts transport IgA immune complexes from blood into bile. The clearance of 125 I–DNP 10 –BSA from the circulation was documented by coprecipitation with rabbit anti–BSA and BSA. The clearance of this circulating antigen was slower in the MOPC–315–treated than in the TEPC–15–treated animals suggesting that under the conditions of the present experiment, circulating antigen is cleared more slowly after IgA immune complex formation.
Slow acetylator genotypes as a possible risk factor for infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome induced by salazosulfapyridine
Authors: T. Ohtani, A. Hiroi, M. Sakurane, F. Furukawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Slow acetylator genotypes as a possible risk factor for infectious mononucleosis‐like syndrome induced by salazosulfapyridine Get access T. Ohtani, T. Ohtani Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan Toshio Ohtani, Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, 811‐1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641‐0012, Japan. E‐mail: tossan@wakayama‐med.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Hiroi, A. Hiroi Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Sakurane, M. Sakurane Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Furukawa F. Furukawa Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 5, 1 May 2003, Pages 1035–1039, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05321.x Published: 01 May 2003 Article history Accepted: 17 November 2002 Published: 01 May 2003
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF AMBULATORY ISOLATED SYSTOLIC AND ISOLATED DIASTOLIC HYPERTENSION IN CARDIAC ADAPTATIONS IN THE EARLY STAGES OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Efstathios Taxiarchou, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Dimitris Roussos, Dimitris Syrseloudis, Dimitris Chatzis, Anastasia Mazaraki, Eirini Andrikou, Ioannis Andrikou
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Development of a symptom based outcome measure for asthma
Authors: N Steen, A Hutchinson, E McColl, M P Eccles, J Hewison, K A Meadows, S M Blades, P Fowler
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Measuring symptom specific health outcome is complex, but the methodologies now exist to develop measures with the appropriate properties.As one element of a major programme to develop muldo health outcome measures for chronic disease, a symptom based measure for asthma care has been developed for use in general practice and outpatient departments.This article outlines the development process, which used a framework recently described in the theoretical literature to show the constraints that scientific criteria place on the development of outcome measures and the means of overcoming such limiting factors.Although substantial effort is required to undertake a rigorous process of development, useful tools are the result.Two five item, symptom based outcome measures for adult asthma are described.
GD2 oligosaccharide: target for cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Authors: X J Zhao, N K Cheung
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Carbohydrate antigens rarely provide target epitopes for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Disialoganglioside GD2 is a glycolipid expressed at high levels in human tumors and a small group of murine lymphomas (EL4, RBL5, RMA, RMA-S, A13, and BALBRVE). Immunization of C57B1/6 mice with irradiated EL4 cells stimulated a specific CTL response and protected these animals from engraftment of EL4 lymphoma. The CTL activity resided in the CD4-CD8+ population, was dependent on T cell receptor alpha/beta, and was not removed by anti-natural killer cell immunoabsorption, but was restricted to GD2 and H-2b bearing targets. CTL activity could be completely inhibited by GD2-oligosaccharide-specific monoclonal antibodies and their F(ab')2 fragments, but not by immunoglobulin G3 myelomas or antibodies against GD3 or GM2. Soluble GD2 did not inhibit specific tumor lysis. RMA-S lymphoma cells (GD2+H-2b-TAP2 deficient) were resistant to GD2-specific CTL. Sialic acid-containing peptides eluted from EL4 lymphoma cells could (a) stabilize H-2 molecules on RMA-S cells and (b) sensitize them for GD2-specific CTL. Control peptides (derived from vesicular stomatitis virus nucleoprotein peptide and GD2-negative lymphomas) could also stabilize H-2 on RMA-S, but were resistant to GD2-specific CTL. These H-2-binding peptides could be purified by anti-GD2 affinity chromatography. We postulate a new class of naturally occurring epitopes for T cells where branched-chain oligosaccharides are linked to peptides with anchoring motifs for the major histocompatibility complex class I pocket. While analogous to the haptens trinitrophenyl and O-beta-linked acetyl-glucosamine, the potential implications of natural carbohydrates as antigenic epitopes for CTL in biology are considerable.
Ursodiol in the long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis: a double-blind multicenter clinical trial
Authors: Stefano Bellentani, Mauro Podda, Claudio Tiribelli, Francesco Callea, Marino Marazzi, Marino Sodde, Ruggero Merlini, Pier Maria Batezzati, Andrea Crosignani, Massimo Zuin, Federico Manenti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)
Localization of 99mTc-Pyrophosphate in an Islet Cell Tumor of the Pancreas
Authors: JOSEPH LeBOVIC,, ALAN D. WAXMAN, JAN K. SIEMSEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

A case of 99 mTc-pyrophosphate uptake in an islet cell tumor of the pancreas is presented. A possible relationship of pyrophosphate uptake in this tumor with uptake in other neuroectodermal tumors which are of neural crest origin is considered.
Researchers Getting Tough With Pain
Authors: E. Blume
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Researchers Getting Tough With Pain Get access Elaine Blume Elaine Blume Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 16, 17 August 1994, Pages 1188–1189, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.16.1188 Published: 17 August 1994
The ribonuclease activity of SAMHD1 is required for HIV-1 restriction
Authors: Jeongmin Ryoo, Jongsu Choi, Changhoon Oh, Sungchul Kim, Minji Seo, Seok-Young Kim, Daekwan Seo, Jongkyu Kim, Tommy E White, Alberto Brandariz-Nuñez, Felipe Diaz-Griffero, Cheol-Heui Yun, Joseph A Hollenbaugh, Baek Kim, Daehyun Baek, Kwangseog Ahn
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
The Quest to Quantify Quality
Authors: Stephan D. Fihn
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetically Informed Therapy in Leukemia
Authors: Jerald Radich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

What can we learn from the study of rare diseases? A lot. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) occurs in 3 in 100,000 persons, yet it is perhaps the best example of “bench to bedside” medicine in oncology. The discovery of the signature BCR-ABL translocation found in all CML ushered in an era of molecular diagnostics and targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, with treatment implications beyond this rare disease.1 Similarly, research on the other rare myeloproliferative neoplasms led to the discovery and potential therapeutic targeting of the JAK2 kinase mutation.2 In this issue of the Journal, Maxson et al.3 describe another . . .
Polychlorinated biphenyl levels in the tissues of exposed and nonexposed humans.
Authors: A Schecter, J Stanley, K Boggess, Y Masuda, J Mes, M Wolff, P Fürst, C Fürst, K Wilson-Yang, B Chisholm
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic chemicals, manufactured in volume from about 1929 to the 1970s. Environmental contamination by PCBs has been documented in various substances, including human tissue. PCBs have been measured in human tissue by a variety of analytical methods. PCB levels have been reported as an approximation of total PCB content expressed in terms of a commercial mixture, by identification and quantification of chromatographic peaks, or by qualitative and quantitative characterization of specific congeners. Until recently, the coplanar mono-ortho- and di-ortho substituted PCBs, which are especially toxic and present in significant concentration in humans from industrial countries, had not been measured in human tissues. Examples of various types of commonly used analyses are presented in general population subjects and in persons who experienced special exposure. In this paper, the usefulness of PCB blood determinations following potential exposure is demonstrated, and their application in health studies is illustrated from a number of case studies. Coplanar PCB, mono-ortho-substituted and di-ortho-substituted PCB levels in human blood are presented and compared with polychlorinated dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) levels in the U.S. population. Dioxin toxic equivalents for the two groups of chemicals are calculated and compared. It is found that mono-ortho-substituted and, to a lesser extent, coplanar PCBs, contribute substantially to dioxin toxic equivalents (TEq) in blood from U.S. adults. Because of substantial PCB contribution to dioxin toxic equivalents, total dioxinlike toxicity can only be determined if dioxins, dibenzofurans, and dioxinlike PCBs are measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by AdAFPep/rep, AdAFPep/p53, and 5-fluorouracil in mice
Authors: Tamotsu Sagawa, Yasuyuki Yamada, Minoru Takahashi, Yasushi Sato, Masayoshi Kobune, Rishu Takimoto, Junki Fukaura, Satoshi Iyama, Tsutomu Sato, Koji Miyanishi, Takuya Matsunaga, Tetsuji Takayama, Junji Kato, Katsunori Sasaki, Hirofumi Hamada, Yoshiro Niitsu
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Although conditionally replicable adenovirus (CRAd) has been used in the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it suffers from the inherent drawback of having relatively low antitumor activity. Here, we have sought to overcome this drawback. First, we combined CRAd (AdAFPep/Rep) driven by alpha-fetoprotein enhancer/promoter (AFPep) with a replication-incompetent adenovirus carrying a p53 transgene that is also driven by AFPep. The synergism of this combination produced a significantly improved tumoricidal effect on the human HCC cell line Hep3B, which has a relatively short doubling time in comparison with other human HCC cell lines, through the transactivation of p53 by early region 1A transcribed by AdAFPep/Rep. This synergistic interaction was augmented by the addition of a subtumoricidal dose (0.5 microg/mL) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which enhanced p53 expression and facilitated the release of virions from tumor cells. When relatively large (10-mm-diameter) Hep3B tumors grown in nude mice were injected with the two viruses in combination, they showed significantly impaired growth in comparison with those treated with each virus separately. The growth suppression effect of the virus combination was enhanced by a low dose (600 microg) of 5-FU. Survival of the tumor-bearing mice treated with these three agents was significantly longer than that of control mice. Moreover, the tumor completely disappeared with the repeated injection of these agents.This combination strategy holds promise for the treatment of relatively large and rapidly growing HCCs that may be encountered clinically.
Kit Inhibitor APcK110 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Proliferation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Stefan Faderl, Ashutosh Pal, William Bornmann, Maher Albitar, David Maxwell, Quin Van, Zhenghong Peng, David Harris, Zhiming Liu, Inbal Hazan-Halevy, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Zeev Estrov
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Kit is a membrane-bound tyrosine kinase and receptor for stem cell factor (SCF) with a crucial role in hematopoiesis. Mutations of KIT occur in almost half of patients with core-binding factor leukemias, in which they have been associated with worse outcome. Development of new compounds targeting Kit may therefore hold promise for therapy. We investigated the activity and mechanism of action of APcK110, a novel Kit inhibitor, in the mastocytosis cell line HMC1.2 (KITV560G and KITD816V), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) lines OCIM2 and OCI/AML3 (both wild-type), and primary samples from patients with AML. We show that (a) APcK110 inhibits proliferation of the mastocytosis cell line HMC1.2 and the SCF-responsive cell line OCI/AML3 in a dose-dependent manner; (b) APcK110 is a more potent inhibitor of OCI/AML3 proliferation than the clinically used Kit inhibitors imatinib and dasatinib and at least as potent as cytarabine; (c) APcK110 inhibits the phosphorylation of Kit, Stat3, Stat5, and Akt in a dose-dependent fashion, showing activity of APcK110 on Kit and its downstream signaling pathways; (d) APcK110 induces apoptosis by cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; and (e) APcK110 inhibits proliferation of primary AML blasts in a clonogenic assay but does not affect proliferation of normal colony-forming cells. Although APcK110 activity may partly depend on cytokine responsiveness (e.g., SCF) and not exclusively KIT mutation status, it remains a potent inhibitor of AML and mastocytosis cell lines and primary AML samples. APcK110 and similar compounds should be evaluated in clinical trials of patients with AML.
Deaths in trials should always be reported
Authors: Jeppe Schroll
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To assess the effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in children with mild symptoms of throat infections or adenotonsillar hypertrophy. <b>Design</b> Open, randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> 21 general hospitals and three academic centres in the Netherlands. <b>Participants</b> 300 children aged 2-8 years requiring adenotonsillectomy. <b>Intervention</b> Adenotonsillectomy compared with watchful waiting. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Episodes of fever, throat infections, upper respiratory tract infections, and health related quality of life. <b>Results</b> During the median follow up period of 22 months, children in the adenotonsillectomy group had 2.97 episodes of fever per person year compared with 3.18 in the watchful waiting group (difference −0.21, 95% confidence interval −0.54 to 0.12), 0.56 throat infections per person year compared with 0.77 (−0.21, −0.36 to −0.06), and 5.47 upper respiratory tract infections per person year compared with 6.00 (−0.53, −0.97 to −0.08). No clinically relevant differences were found for health related quality of life. Adenotonsillectomy was more effective in children with a history of three to six throat infections than in those with none to two. 12 children had complications related to surgery. <b>Conclusion</b> Adenotonsillectomy has no major clinical benefits over watchful waiting in children with mild symptoms of throat infections or adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events With Long-Term Pravastatin in Patients With Diabetes or Impaired Fasting Glucose
Authors: Anthony Keech, David Colquhoun, James Best, Adrienne Kirby, R. John Simes, David Hunt, Wendy Hague, Elaine Beller, Manjula Arulchelvam, Jennifer Baker, Andrew Tonkin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Diabetes, a major health problem worldwide, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and its associated mortality. Evidence of the overall benefits of lipid modification in this area is needed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) trial showed that cholesterol-lowering treatment with pravastatin reduced mortality and coronary heart disease (CHD) events in 9,014 patients aged 31–75 years with CHD and total cholesterol 4.0–7.0 mmol/l. We measured the effects of pravastatin therapy, 40 mg/day over 6.0 years, on the risk of CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular outcomes in 1,077 LIPID patients with diabetes and 940 patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). RESULTS—In patients allocated to placebo, the risk of a major CHD event was 61% higher in patients with diabetes and 23% higher in the IFG group than in patients with normal fasting glucose, and the risk of any cardiovascular event was 37% higher in the diabetic group and 19% higher in the IFG group. Pravastatin therapy reduced the risk of a major CHD event overall from 15.9 to 12.3% (relative risk reduction [RRR] 24%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and from 23.4 to 19.6% in the diabetic group (19%, P = 0.11); in the diabetic group, the reduction was not significantly different from the reductions in the other groups. Pravastatin reduced the risk of any cardiovascular event from 52.7 to 45.2% (21%, P &amp;lt; 0.008) in patients with diabetes and from 45.7 to 37.1% (26%, P = 0.003) in the IFG group. Pravastatin reduced the risk of stroke from 9.9 to 6.3% in the diabetic group (RRR 39%, CI 7–61%, P = 0.02) and from 5.4 to 3.4% in the IFG group (RRR 42%, CI −9 to 69%, P = 0.09). Pravastatin did not reduce the incidence of diabetes. Over 6 years, pravastatin therapy prevented one major CHD event (CHD death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) in 23 patients with IFG and 18 patients with diabetes. A meta-analysis of other major trials confirmed the high absolute risks of diabetes and IFG and the absolute benefits of statin therapy in these patients. CONCLUSIONS—Cholesterol-lowering treatment with pravastatin therapy prevents cardiovascular events, including stroke, in patients with diabetes or IFG and established CHD.