tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is There a Gulf War Syndrome?&lt;subtitle&gt;Searching for Syndromes by Factor Analysis of Symptoms&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Robert W. Haley
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To search for syndromes in Persian Gulf War veterans.Two hundred forty-nine (41%) of the 606 Gulf War veterans of the Twenty-fourth Reserve Naval Mobile Construction Battalion living in 5 southeastern states participated; 145 (58%) had retired from service, and the rest were still serving in the battalion.Participants completed a standardized survey booklet measuring the anatomical distributions or characteristics of each symptom, a booklet measuring wartime exposures, and a standard psychological personality assessment inventory. Two-stage factor analysis was used to disentangle ambiguous symptoms and identify syndromes.Factor analysis-derived syndromes.Of 249 participants, 175 (70%) reported having had serious health problems that most attributed to the war, and 74 (30%) reported no serious health problems. Principal factor analysis yielded 6 syndrome factors, explaining 71% of the variance. Dichotomized syndrome indicators identified the syndromes in 63 veterans (25%). Syndromes 1 ("impaired cognition," characterized by problems with attention, memory, and reasoning, as well as insomnia, depression, daytime sleepiness, and headaches), 2 ("confusion-ataxia," characterized by problems with thinking, disorientation, balance disturbances, vertigo, and impotence), and 3 ("arthro-myo-neuropathy," characterized by joint and muscle pains, muscle fatigue, difficulty lifting, and extremity paresthesias) represented strongly clustered symptoms; whereas, syndromes 4 ("phobia-apraxia"), 5 ("fever-adenopathy"), and 6 ("weakness-incontinence") involved weaker clustering and mostly overlapped syndromes 2 and 3. Veterans with syndrome 2 were 12.5 times (95% confidence interval, 3.5-44.8) more likely to be unemployed than those with no health problems. A psychological profile, found in 48.4% of those with the syndromes, differed from posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, somatoform disorder, and malingering.These findings support the hypothesis that clusters of symptoms of many Gulf War veterans represent discrete factor analysis-derived syndromes that appear to reflect a spectrum of neurologic injury involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems.
Molecular mimicry in Candida albicans. Role of an integrin analogue in adhesion of the yeast to human endothelium.
Authors: K S Gustafson, G M Vercellotti, C M Bendel, M K Hostetter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Hematogenous infection with the yeast Candida albicans now occurs with increasing frequency in the neonate, the immunocompromised patient, and the hyperglycemic or hyperalimented host. Yeast-phase C. albicans expresses a protein that is antigenically and structurally related to CD11b/CD18, a member of the beta 2 integrins and a well-characterized adhesin for mammalian neutrophils. Both the neutrophil protein and its analogue in C. albicans have an identical affinity for the C3 ligand iC3b, and both proteins are significantly increased in expression at 37 degrees C. Given these several similarities, we therefore studied the role of the integrin analogue on C. albicans in the adhesion of the yeast to human umbilical vein endothelium (HUVE). After growth of C. albicans in 20 mM D-glucose, as opposed to 20 mM L-glutamate, flow cytometric analysis with monoclonal antibodies recognizing the alpha-subunit of CD11b/CD18 demonstrated a 25.0% increase in mean channel fluorescence (range 18.4-31.8%), as well as an increased percentage of yeasts fluorescing (P less than 0.02). This increased intensity of fluorescence, which corresponds to increased expression of the integrin analogue, also correlated with a significant increase of 30-80% in adhesion of glucose-grown C. albicans to HUVE (P less than 0.02). Blockade of the integrin analogue on C. albicans by monoclonal antibodies recognizing adhesive epitopes on neutrophil CD11b/CD18 inhibited glucose-enhanced adhesion of C. albicans to HUVE. Incubation of glucose-grown C. albicans with saturating concentrations of purified human iC3b, the ligand for CD11b/CD18, reduced adhesion of the yeast to HUVE by 49.7%, whereas BSA in equimolar concentration had no effect (P less than 0.001). These results identify a glucose-responsive integrin analogue on C. albicans as one of possibly several cellular structures that mediate adhesion of the yeast to human endothelium.
Effects of Short-Term Leptin Exposure on Triglyceride Deposition in Rat Liver
Authors: Michael Roden, Christian Anderwald, Clemens Fürnsinn, Werner Waldhäusl, Alfred Lohninger
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Leptin has recently been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. Consequently, this study was designed to examine the direct effects of portal leptin on the intrahepatic lipid contents in the postabsorptive state. Rat livers (n = 6 per group) were perfused in a recirculating system and portally infused with leptin (0.5 nmol/L, 5 nmol/L, and 25 nmol/L), insulin (10 nmol/L), leptin (5 nmol/L) plus insulin (10 nmol/L), glucagon (1 nmol/L), or vehicle (control). Intrahepatic contents of triglycerides, free cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, and free fatty acids were determined from the lipid extract of frozen livers by capillary gas chromatography. Short–term leptin infusion increased total triglycerides in a concentration–dependent (0.5 nmol/L: 2.8 ± 0.4 mg/g, 5 nmol/L: 7.0 ± 0.5 mg/g, 25 nmol/L: 8.3 ± 1.0 mg/g) and time–dependent manner. Total triglycerides also rose during exposure to insulin plus leptin (7.2 ± 0.6 mg/g) but fell during glucagon infusion (2.6 ± 0.2 mg/g; control: 4.3 ± 0.3 mg/g; P &lt; .05). Leptin, insulin, and glucagon increased intrahepatic free cholesterol ( P &lt; .05). Free fatty acids were also higher during leptin exposure (0.5 nmol/L: 1.28 ± 0.08 mg/g, 5 nmol/L: 0.47 ± 0.01 mg/g, 25 nmol/L: 0.48 ± 0.04 mg/g, control: 0.38 ± 0.03 mg/g; P &lt; .05). In conclusion, hyperleptinemia increases hepatic triglyceride content and may therefore contribute to hepatic steatosis in hyperleptinemic obese patients.
Hoarseness as the Presenting Symptom of Mitral Insufficiency
Authors: Henry H. Balfour, Elia M. Ayoub
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Hoarseness was the only presenting symptom in a 14-year-old girl with mitral insufficiency. The onset of hoarseness before other symptoms of cardiovascular disease in this patient suggests that heart disease be considered in children presenting with persistent hoarseness.
Regulation of Class-Switch Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling
Authors: Sidne A. Omori, Matthew H. Cato, Amy Anzelon-Mills, Kamal D. Puri, Miriam Shapiro-Shelef, Kathryn Calame, Robert C. Rickert
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Abstract LB-115: Ultrasensitive detection of cancer mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer FFPE and cell-free DNA samples using multiplexed droplet digital PCR
Authors: Wei Yang, Dawne N. Shelton, Samantha Cooper, Jennifer Berman, Svilen Tzonev, Eli Hefner, John F. Regan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Targeted therapies in many forms of cancer today have allowed unprecedented progress in the treatment of disease. Despite these advances, routine implementation of genomic testing is still limited by: 1) methods to detect, with confidence, mutational loads below 10%, 2) limited amounts of sample (pg-ng range) per biological specimen, 3) diagnostic turnaround time, and 4) cost. In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies (αEGFR) are used to target the wild-type EGFR receptor. However, KRAS is mutated in approximately 40% of colorectal cancers and is indicative of a negative response to αEGFR therapy. BRAF and PIK3CA mutations are also associated with poor response in the remaining patients with KRAS wild-type genotype. To optimize therapy strategies for personalized care, it is therefore critical to rapidly screen patient samples during the course of disease for the presence of multiple mutations. The low abundance of mutants and limited amount and quality of available clinical samples (FFPE and cfDNA) render it difficult to reliably detect multiple mutations with current platforms and methods. We have developed a multiplexing strategy for screening clinically-actionable KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations in mCRC clinical samples using digital PCR. No pre-amplification step was required. This sensitive and inexpensive method reduces the risk of contamination and can be easily implemented in molecular diagnostic laboratories for rapid, routine screening and monitoring of residual disease in cancer patients. Citation Format: Wei Yang, Dawne N. Shelton, Samantha Cooper, Jennifer Berman, Svilen Tzonev, Eli Hefner, John F. Regan. Ultrasensitive detection of cancer mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer FFPE and cell-free DNA samples using multiplexed droplet digital PCR. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-115. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-115
TRAINING IN SOCIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH AN ESSENTIAL IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: S. W. WELCH
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Near the home of my birth, where my youth and young manhood were spent, is one of the foothills of the Appalachian chain, which terminates in Alabama.  This mountain stands out boldly against the southern sky. I have spent hours in my childhood gazing upon it and wondering what was on the other side. In after years, when, to the music of a pack of foxhounds and the clatter of a good horse's hoofs, I reached its highest point, the thing that interested me most on the other side was not the beautiful plains, streams and wooded country, but still higher ranges of mountains in the distance, hiding other things.  I have recalled those dreams of my boyhood in my recent study of the work of the Council on Medical Education in its efforts since 1902 to elevate the standard of medical education in the United States. The history of
GW25-e4288 Differences of Cardiac Repolarization in Electrocardiography during Hospitalization for Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Female patients
Authors: Li Kang, Hong Tao, Ding Yansheng, Ding Wenhui, Huo Yong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Late Hemodynamic Response to Correction of Isolated Pulmonary Stenosis by Open Operation during Pulmonary Bypass
Authors: C. WALTON LILLEHEI, ROBERT L. SIMMONS, DAVID B. TODD
Journal: Circulation (1965)

A group of 25 patients was studied by cardiac catheterization before and after open operation for isolated pulmonary stenosis by direct vision with use of cardiopulmonary bypass Organic infundibular obstruction, when present, was resected. The hypertrophied infundibulum, when it constitutes a severe obstruction, must also be resected. The average right ventricular systolic pressure preopratively was 124 mm. Hg and postoperatively it was 35 mm. Hg. The average gradient across the pulmonary valve preoperatively was 99 mm. Hg and postoperatively it was 17 mm. Hg, a mean decrease of 82 mm. Hg. The long-term hemodynamic response was distinctly superior in this group of patients operated upon under total bypass when compared with a similar series operated upon by us with a closed transventricular approach. The specific diagnosis of lesions causing obstruction to the outflow of the right ventricle is particularly crucial in selecting an operative approach if open operation by inflow stasis is utilized. Careful review of the selective right ventriculograms is an excellent preoperative guide in determining whether infundibular obstruction is present and hemodynamically significant. Patients having severe valvular stenosis, with right ventricular pressures above 140 to 150 mm. Hg should have an immediate one-third to one-half decrease in their right ventricular systolic pressures at the time of surgery, or infundibular resection should be done to reduce postoperative mortality.
Severely affected, severely neglected
Authors: C. B Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Santhouse and colleagues make several conclusions and observations that are over-simplistic, premature, or inaccurate.1

Firstly, the media did use Lynn Gilderdale’s case to highlight the existence of severe chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and the desperate need for biomedical research into the underlying cause. But the coverage did not imply that CFS is a “commonly fatal” condition, and …
The Medical College Admission Test and the Selection of Medical Students
Authors: James B. Erdmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Editor's note: The following commentary was invited as a response to the unsolicited essays by Anderson and by Powers, which appear in this issue under "Occasional Notes." None of the authors read the other statements before preparing his article, but readers will see that they address the same questions: Does the MCAT in fact serve a useful purpose, and are its design and content appropriate for the uses to which it is put?During the past two and a half years, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has been engaged in a comprehensive study of undergraduate medical education called . . .
Polymorphisms of HLA-DM genes in Japanese patients with psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: None Saeki, None Nakagawa, None Asahina, None Tamaki, None Shibata, None Kuwata
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

We analysed the polymorphisms of HLA-DM genes in 85 unrelated Japanese patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 52 healthy controls using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The frequency of DMA*0101 was decreased (79% vs. 89%, P < 0.05) and that of DMA*0102 was increased (20% vs. 11%, P < 0.05) in the patients. However, neither of these remained significant after P-values were corrected for the number of comparisons made (Pc > 0.05). As we reported previously, HLA-C molecules are assumed to play a more important part than HLA-DM genes in the development of psoriasis vulgaris.
Declines in Drowning
Authors: Gordon S. Smith, Jonathan Howland
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-term erythropoietic repopulating ability of old, young, and fetal stem cells.
Authors: D E Harrison
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

It is possible that erythropoietic stem cells do not age. This would mean that stem cells from old donors can function as well as those from young or fetal donors. The competitive repopulation assay has been used to test long-term stem cell function by directly comparing how well competing stem cells repopulate a recipient and produce differentiated cell types. C57BL/6J (B6) mice were used as donors, while recipients and competitors were WBB6F1 hybrids with genetically distinguishable hemoglobin. Lethally irradiated young WBB6F1 recipients were given a mixture of 2.5 X 10(6) cells from B6 old marrow, young marrow, or fetal liver donors; each recipient also received a standard dose of 1 X 10(6) marrow cells from a pool of young WBB6F1 competitors. Surprisingly, the old marrow cells competed the best in repopulating the recipients. This pattern was maintained even after recovery from sublethal irradiation, a treatment that severely stresses stem cells. This stress was demonstrated when sublethal irradiation caused a 20-fold decline in repopulating ability measured using hemoglobin markers, and a 3- to 7-fold decline using chromosome markers. Stem cells from old marrow competed better than young or fetal cells in similar experiments using immunologically crippled recipients or using unirradiated W/Wv recipients that are immunologically intact. In both types of recipients, the advantage of old marrow cells again persisted after recovery from sublethal irradiation. Other genotypes were tested, and marrow cells from old B6CBAF1 donors competed better than those from young donors of that genotype. However, marrow cells from young CBA donors completed better than those from old CBA donors. These results support the hypothesis that stem cells do not age, and suggest that regulatory changes with age promote rapid stem cell repopulation in B6 and B6CBAF1 mice, but inhibit it in CBA mice.
Walter Chukwuma Uduku
Authors: O. Uduku
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Educated in Eastern Nigeria, Walter Chukwuma Uduku went on to the Higher College, Lagos, and was employed in teaching positions in Buguma and Aba, Eastern Nigeria, before becoming a medical student in Edinburgh in 1952. He became one of the pioneer group of internationally qualified doctors in the then Eastern Region of Nigeria. On his qualification he worked with the Eastern State Government of Nigeria as medical officer at a number of postings, including, Aba, Ikot Ekpene, and Ogoni. In 1964 he left …
A misplaced medal? 50 years of unnecessary insulin treatment.
Authors: M Armitage, B M Frier, L J Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A misplaced medal? 50years of unnecessary insulin treatmentThe unnecessary treatment of diabetes with insulin has been recognised increasingly.'Large doses of insulin may be well tolerated without appreciable hypoglycaemia, for which several mechanisms have been postulated.The development of insulin antibodies may effectively neutralise exogenous insulin, and we describe a diabetic patient treated unnecessarily with insulin in whom this mechanism may have prevented hypoglycaemia. Case reportIn 1927 a 19 year old clerk presented with glycosuria and a history of thirst, polyuria, and weight loss.Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed.There was no family history of diabetes.He was treated with soluble and protamine zinc insulin and subsequently changed to 40 units lente insulin daily.Frequent analysis of urine showed good control.In 1976 he attended with minor sepsis, and a random blood glucose
ETIOLOGY OF DYSENTERY.
Authors: SIMON FLEXNER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our imperfect knowledge of the nature of dysentery is not due to lack of opportunity for, or of energy in, its study. The disease, in the past quarter of a century, has not escaped the attention of bacteriologists, although it must be confessed that the results of somewhat extensive studies along these lines have been far less conclusive than might have been predicted. The attempt to establish a common etiological factor for all cases of dysentery has thus far failed. This failure has tended to emphasize the existence of several pathological states for which the term dysentery is employed merely as the collective designation. That these conclusions regarding the disease may, after all, not be in keeping with the facts is at least open to suspicion. When we recall the protean nature of other infectious diseases, there can be no<i>a priori</i>objection to the hypothesis that the causative agent
Nonfunctioning Nodules and Malignancy in Hyperthyroidism
Authors: A PSARRAS, D LIVADAS, D A KOUTRAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

The incidence of malignancy is increased in cold nodules of the thyroid associated with hyperthyroidism compared to euthyroid patients. The scintigraphic findings are not specific. For this reason toxic goitres with a cold nodule should be operated. This relieves the patient both from the thyrotoxicosis and from the risk of malignancy.
TREATMENT OF ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION BY SUCTION WITH THE DUODENAL TUBE
Authors: OWEN H. WANGENSTEEN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Of the many hollow tubes which serve the body economy, the alimentary canal is the only one which communicates with the surface at both origin and termination. Advantage has long been taken of this arrangement in dealing with the distended intestinal tube by intubation, when the distention was of other than mechanical origin. The rectal tube and gastric lavage are old and well established therapeutic procedures. It is now twenty-four years since Westermann<sup>1</sup>first used the duodenal tube in the relief of postoperative distention of peritonitis. With the introduction of the smooth tipped duodenal tube for nasal intubation by Levin<sup>2</sup>in 1921 and satisfactory demonstration of the source of gas in postoperative distention by McIver and his associates<sup>3</sup>in 1926 as being largely swallowed air, the relief of postoperative distention through employment of the duodenal tube has become a matter of general practice. From observations made on
Unemployment and illegal drug use: concordant evidence from a prospective study and national trends.
Authors: D F Peck, M A Plant
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Data from a previous study of 1036 young people in the Lothian region that indicated an association between unemployment and illegal drug use were examined in more depth to investigate the inter-relation between duration of unemployment and the use of illegal drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. After factors such as social class background and educational qualifications had been taken into account a weak but significant association was found between duration of unemployment and illegal drug use. No such association was found for alcohol or tobacco. Similar results were obtained from an analysis of national statistics related to unemployment and illegal drug use. Both sets of data thus indicate that illegal drug use is moderately associated with unemployment.
Initiation of Insulin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Failing Oral Therapy
Authors: Philip Raskin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

In a recent editorial (1), Davidson commented on two studies (2,3) in which insulin initiation using a basal insulin analog was compared with either a human insulin premix or an analog insulin premix. These articles have prompted further correspondence concerning the design and results of these studies (4,5).

Mikhail and Cope (4) and Janka (5) commented that the greater HbA1c reduction observed in patients taking biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 (BIAsp 70/30), as compared with …
Transdermal Nicotine: Clarifications, Side Effects, and Funding-Reply
Authors: Michael C. Fiore
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —The letters from Drs Hughes, McAfee, and Ottervanger et al, in reference to our review of transdermal nicotine, touch on a number of interesting points. Regarding Hughes' comments, we agree that gastrointestinal complaints and headaches are not core features of tobacco withdrawal; rather, these are among the range of symptoms smokers who have recently quit report (as reported in Hughes' and Hatsukami's research 1 ), and clinicians should be aware of them. Reports of drowsiness may well be secondary to the sleep disruption associated with smoking cessation. There is evidence that weight gain is positively associated with abstinence from smoking over the long term. However, research also shows that fear of weight gain can be a short-term precipitant of relapse. 2 The issue of weight gain is a serious problem that requires more scientific study, including the role that nicotine replacement therapy may play in delaying weight gain. We