tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Approaches to Local Immunotherapy
Authors: Emil J. Freireich
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Immunotherapy is rapidly developing as the fourth major approach to cancer treatment. At the present time, active nonspecific immunotherapy with BCG vaccine,<i>Corynebacterium parvum</i>, methanol extraction residue of BCG (MER), and levamisole hydrochloride are under the most intensive investigation, although the use of other adjuvants and of other approaches such as active-specific immunotherapy and adoptive immunotherapy are receiving more attention and have yielded preliminary positive results. The major purpose of active nonspecific immunotherapy with BCG is to prolong the disease-free interval after surgery, the duration of remission after chemotherapy, and the survival of treated patients. Systemic immunotherapy with BCG vaccine is generally thought to be ineffective when administered without first reducing by surgery, irradiation, or chemotherapy the total amount of tumor present in the patient. The exception to this is the use of topical or intralesional, active nonspecific immunotherapy. As pointed out in the article by Richman et al in
STUDIES IN ASTHMA
Authors: Stephen Went, Cecil K. Drinker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. Sheep serum in doses below 0.3 cc. intravenously produces no pulmonary vasoconstriction in the guinea pig. Guinea pigs have consequently been sensitized with this substance and anaphylactic shock produced by doses of O.1 and 0.2 cc. 2. Pressure in the pulmonary artery has been measured by the method of Drinker and Went (2) and recorded photographically in a new and convenient manner. 3. At a very early stage in anaphylactic shock the pulmonary arterial pressure falls markedly and this fall seems to precede the appearance of bronchiolar obstruction. 4. The fall in pulmonary blood pressure in anaphylactic shock is in marked contrast to the rise in pressure resulting from intravenous injection of toxic foreign protein, such as horse serum.
Human cadaveric renal transplantation. Report of twenty cases.
Authors: J. F. Mowbray, S. L. Cohen, P. B. Doak, J. R. Kenyon, K. Owen, A. Percival, K. A. Porter, W. S. Peart
Journal: BMJ (1965)

In this paper we present the results obtained in 20 patients with terminal renal failure treated by immunosuppression and cadaveric renal transplantation.Eight of these patients were still alive and well on 1 August 1965.An earlier series of 18 transplants performed here has already been reported (Porter et al., 1963, 1964).It is often assumed that cadaveric renal homografts will be less successful than those from live donors.Admittedly the former generally do not function as well as transplants from close relatives and there are fewer long-term survivors.How- ever, when live donors taken at random are used the success rate is no higher than for transplants from cadavers.In September 1964 35% of 98 cadaveric renal homografts per- formed in the previous 18 months were still functioning, compared with 17% of 46 kidneys transplanted in the same period from live genetically unrelated donors (Murray et al., 1965).The ultimate fate of renal homografts is unknown, and although very encouraging results are being obtained with sibling and parental donors (Starzl et al., 1964), in one of the most successful series four of the eight kidneys biopsied at approximately two years after transplantations showed narrow- ing of the interlobular arteries (Starzl et al., 1965).Further- more, changes in the basement membrane of glomerular capillaries have been described (Hamburger et al., 1964).Presumably both are manifestations of incompatibility, which may limit the useful life of the transplant and continue to be a problem until identification of the stronger human histo- compatibility antigens permits some form of selection of donors.Because of these uncertainties about the future of renal transplants, even those from closely related living donors, we have continued to use only cadaver kidneys. Procedure Selection of RecipientsPatients selected for inclusion were those with irreversible renal failure under the age of 46 who could reliably measure their fluid balance and take their medication.Renal function in these patients was insufficient to maintain them without
FOOD SELECTION VERSUS FOOD COMPOUNDING
Authors: ALONZO ENGLEBERT TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The diet consists of two parts: maintenance ration and work ration. The maintenance ration (which does not need to contain more than 2,000 calories) must contain the salts, balanced protein and the vitamins essential to growth and health. The work ration consists of starch, fat and protein in proportions agreeable to the individual, partly determined by price considerations.  We are not in a position to give quantitative formulas for the maintenance requirements. It is commonly agreed that 1 gm. of protein per kilogram of body weight is sufficient to cover the tissue requirements. How much of this protein must be balanced is not known. From the researches of the literature one cannot construct a formula for the requirements of the essential amino-acids. Certainly the proportion of balanced protein must be higher during youth than in adult life. Obviously, it is wise to lean to the safe side. In an ordinary
Concomitant montelukast and loratadine as treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Eli O. Meltzer, Kerstin Malmstrom, Susan Lu, Bruce M. Prenner, Lynn X. Wei, Steven F. Weinstein, James D. Wolfe, Theodore F. Reiss
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
Prevalence of excessive or problem drinkers among patients attending somatic outpatient clinics: a study of alcohol related medical care.
Authors: J Persson, P H Magnusson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The prevalence of alcohol related morbidity was studied among 2038 patients attending somatic outpatient clinics. A further 76 patients had refused the study, giving an overall drop out rate of 3.6%. Several methods were combined so as to detect as many patients with problem drinking as possible. According to the criteria and definitions employed 17% of men (confidence interval 15% to 19%) and 4% of women (confidence interval 3% to 5%) were excessive consumers of alcohol or problem drinkers. The highest proportion of such patients--that is, 17%--was noted in the emergency rooms (27% of men, 8% of women). At other clinics the proportions varied from 11% to 17% of men and from 2% to 4% of women. The strongest relations between overconsumption of alcohol and consultation at the clinic were among patients attending the medical outpatient clinic and the emergency rooms; in 86% (confidence interval 75% to 97%) and 88% (confidence interval 81% to 95%) of problem drinkers attending these clinics, respectively, alcohol was related to the consultation. Consultations were related to alcohol in 82% of women with excessive or problem drinking and 73% of men defined in this way. There was a tendency to a higher proportion of men with excessive or problem drinking in the age group 40-49 years. These findings show that among patients classified as excessive or problem drinkers attending somatic outpatient clinics there was a close relation between alcohol consumption and utilisation of medical resources, especially in women.
The serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration, a marker of vitamin D catabolism, is reduced in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Cortney R. Bosworth, Gregory Levin, Cassianne Robinson-Cohen, Andrew N. Hoofnagle, John Ruzinski, Bessie Young, Stephen M. Schwartz, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Bryan Kestenbaum, Ian H. de Boer
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Comparison of Different Methods for Spatial Analysis of Cancer Data in Utah
Authors: Wayne Ball, Sam LeFevre, Lars Jarup, Linda Beale
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and SaTScan software are used by the Environmental Epidemiology Program (EEP), Utah Department of Health, to investigate health concerns and exposures in Utah (USA). Recently, the EEP acquired the Rapid Inquiry Facility (RIF). The RIF enables access of additional dimensions of data, identifies potentially exposed populations, and computes disease rates and relative risk statistics for that potentially exposed population.
Radiation recall dermatitis in a patient affected with pheochromocytoma after treatment with lanreotide
Authors: A. Bauzá, L.J. Del Pozo, J. Escalas, F. Mestre
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Radiation recall dermatitis in a patient affected with pheochromocytoma after treatment with lanreotide Get access A. Bauzá, A. Bauzá Department of Dermatology of the University Hospital Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain E‐mail: abauza@aedv.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.J. Del Pozo, L.J. Del Pozo Department of Dermatology of the University Hospital Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Escalas, J. Escalas Department of Dermatology of the University Hospital Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Mestre F. Mestre Department of Dermatology of the University Hospital Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 5, 1 November 2007, Pages 1061–1063, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08173.x Published: 01 November 2007
TCT-590 Plaque modifications after drug eluting balloon assessed by virtual histology. The PATRIOTS trial.
Authors: Emanuele Meliga, Giacomo G. Boccuzzi, Maria Rosa Conte, Mauro De Benedictis, Pietro Gaetano, Roberto Garbo, Hector Manuel Garcia Garcia, Primiano Lombardi, Innocenzo Scrocca
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The hominid tool-language connection: Some missing evolutionary links?
Authors: A. Maryanski
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract This commentary criticizes Wilkins &amp; Wakefield's thesis that the neurological precursors of language provide a cognitive Rubicon to linguistically divide human from nonhuman primates. A causal model of their theory is presented, followed by a discussion of the relationship between brain expansion and tool use, Broca's area and the parietaloccipital-temporal junction (POT).
Effects of Infant Birthweight and Maternal Body Mass Index in Pregnancy on Components of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome in China
Authors: Jie Mi, Catherine Law, Kong-Lai Zhang, Clive Osmond, Claudia Stein, David Barker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Reduced birthweight is associated with increased risk for the insulin resistance syndrome. Part of this risk is hypothesized to originate from undernutrition in utero. The prevalence of the insulin resistance syndrome increases in countries that undergo the transition from chronic malnutrition to adequate nutrition, when postnatal nutrition improves more rapidly than prenatal nutrition.To determine whether the components of the insulin resistance syndrome are associated with reduced fetal growth and maternal undernutrition.A nonconcurrent, prospective study of men and women whose mothers' heights and weights were recorded during pregnancy.Beijing, China.627 men and women (mean age, 45 years) whose mothers' obstetric records were preserved.Adult offspring's blood pressure, plasma glucose levels, insulin levels, and lipid concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test. The main explanatory measurements were mothers' body mass index during pregnancy and offspring's birthweight and adult size.After adjustment for sex and current body mass index, low birthweight was associated with elevated plasma glucose levels, insulin levels, triglyceride concentrations, and blood pressure. For every 1-kg increase in birthweight, systolic blood pressure decreased by 2.9 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.3 to 5.4 mm Hg) and the 2-hour plasma glucose level decreased by 5.1% (CI, 0.7% to 9.3%). Low maternal body mass index in early and late pregnancy was associated with elevated levels of plasma glucose, insulin, and triglycerides in adult offspring but was not associated with elevated blood pressure.Risk for the insulin resistance syndrome may be partially established through low maternal body mass before pregnancy and consequent fetal undernutrition. This risk is independent of that associated with adult obesity. In developing countries such as China, improved nutrition in girls and young women may offer long-term benefits to offspring.
Treatment of detainees in South Africa
Authors: M S C Nelemans
Journal: BMJ (1983)

pethidine.There has been no case of bradycardia in the recovery period, no matter which analgesic was administered.Pethidine was chosen for premedication because it achieves some anti- cholinergic effects without giving the patient an unduly dry, malodorous mouth.If the pulse rate is 60/min or less at induction atropine is given intravenously.
TOTAL BODY IRRADIATION AND AUTOLOGOUS BONE-MARROW INFUSION FOR RELAPSED ACUTE LEUKAEMIA
Authors: SusanJ. Kelly, Christopher Bunch, ColinG. Potter, J. Chang, T.M. Dexter, N.G. Testa, G.R. Morgenstern, J.H. Scarffe, L. Coutinho
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Quality of economic evaluations in health care
Authors: T. Jefferson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Economic evaluation is becoming established globally as one of the tools for decision making in health care.1 Its rise in popularity is reflected by the increasing number of published economic evaluations. One source estimates that 1803 economic evaluations were published in medical journals in 1979-90,2 rising to 2222 in 1991-6.3 This increase in both the availability of economic evaluations and willingness to use their results to allocate scarce resources reinforces the need for evaluations to be methodologically sound so that the consequent healthcare decisions are ethically defensible. Do our current economic evaluations meet the necessary methodological requirements?

In the early 1990s several systematic reviews cast doubt on the scientific reliability of some published evaluations. All advocated better standards of conducting and reporting economic evaluations.4–7 A subsequent survey among editors of medical journals found that none had a coherent editorial policy for economic evaluations, and few had peer reviewers with knowledge …
A family study of a patient with idiopathic hemochromatosis
Authors: Aaron Miller, Abraham Zimelman, Mark J. Brauer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract A family study of a patient with idiopathic hemochromatosis using noninvasive techniques is presented. All 6 of the patient's asymptomatic children had an increase in transferrin saturation and/or an increase in the absorption of Co 57 . The Co 57 absorption test was the most sensitive index of family involvement since one of the children had an increase in absorption at a time when transferring saturation was normal. The family data strongly support the hereditary nature of the disorder, with the mode of inheritance not clearly established from the available data.
Hepatic Candidiasis in Cancer Patients: The Evolving Picture of the Syndrome
Authors: MICHAEL THALER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Focal hepatosplenic candidiasis has been recognized with increasing frequency in recent years. We reviewed the cases of eight patients seen between 1982 and 1985, and information on 60 patients whose cases have been reported in the world literature. The characteristics of focal hepatosplenic candidiasis include persistent fever in a neutropenic patient whose leukocyte count is returning to normal, often coupled with abdominal pain; an elevated alkaline phosphatase level; and less commonly, rebound leukocytosis. The characteristic "bull's eye" lesions seen with hepatic ultrasound examination or computed tomography generally are not detectable until neutrophil recovery has occurred. Diagnosis can be established only by biopsy evidence of yeasts or pseudohyphae in the granulomatous lesions. Cultures are frequently negative, however, especially in patients who have been pretreated with antifungal agents. We review the evolving nature of hepatosplenic candidiasis, focusing on diagnosis and treatment.
TUMORES SUBMUCOSOS GASTRICOS. ¿ES NECESARIO REALIZAR PAAF?
Authors: Á Brotons, A Vilella, M García-Bonafe, C Dolz
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Introducción: La técnica de elección en el estudio de los tumores submucosos gástricos es la ecoendoscopia (EUS). Existen controversias sobre la utilidad diagnóstica de la punción aspirativa de aguja fina (PAAF) de estas lesiones. Método: Analizar retrospectivamente los pacientes intervenidos de tumores submucosos gástricos en nuestro centro y correlacionar los hallazgos de la ecoendoscopia y la PAAF en los casos en los que se haya realizado, con el estudio de la pieza quirúrgica. Resultados: Se han analizado 25 casos, 13 varones, edad media de 63 años (rango 36–83),18 (72%) fueron hallazgos endoscópicos en pacientes asintomáticos, 5 presentaron como hemorragia digestiva y 2 dolor abdominal. Se localizaron en antro 8, cuerpo 14 y 4 fundus con un tamaño medio de 34.2±14.9mm. En 17 casos (68%) se realizó PAAF de los cuales 13 coincidieron con el diagnóstico final y 4 casos fueron material insuficiente para el diagnóstico que correspondían al pólipo fibroso, tumor miofibroblástico angiomixoide, 1páncreas ectópico y 1 GIST menor de 20mm de tamaño. Todos los tumores de GIST diagnosticados por PAAF fueron cKit positivo (10/10). Los 16 casos de GIST >20mm se confirmaron en la cirugía y=20mm se confirmaron 2 de los tres sospechados por la EUS. La rentabilidad diagnóstica global de la EUS y la PAAF para el estudio de los tumores submucosos gástricos fue del 84%. La precisión diagnóstica de la EUS en los GIST fue de un 92% con un VPP del 94% y un VPN de un 85%. La PAAF tuvo una precisión diagnóstica de un 90% para las lesiones GIST siendo solamente del 50% para las no GIST. Conclusiones: La Ecoendoscopia y la PAAF en el estudio de los tumores submucosos gástricos tienen una elevada precisión diagnóstica. La precisión diagnóstica de la PAAF fue menor en las lesiones no GIST. En nuestra experiencia las lesiones >20mm y típicas de GIST por USE, tienen una precisión diagnóstica muy elevada, lo que facilita su indicación quirúrgica sin precisar PAAF.
EuroFlow antibody panels for standardized n-dimensional flow cytometric immunophenotyping of normal, reactive and malignant leukocytes
Authors: J J M van Dongen, L Lhermitte, S Böttcher, J Almeida, V H J van der Velden, J Flores-Montero, A Rawstron, V Asnafi, Q Lécrevisse, P Lucio, E Mejstrikova, T Szczepański, T Kalina, R de Tute, M Brüggemann, L Sedek, M Cullen, A W Langerak, A Mendonça, E Macintyre, M Martin-Ayuso, O Hrusak, M B Vidriales, A Orfao
Journal: Leukemia (2012)

Most consensus leukemia & lymphoma antibody panels consist of lists of markers based on expert opinions, but they have not been validated. Here we present the validated EuroFlow 8-color antibody panels for immunophenotyping of hematological malignancies. The single-tube screening panels and multi-tube classification panels fit into the EuroFlow diagnostic algorithm with entries defined by clinical and laboratory parameters. The panels were constructed in 2-7 sequential design-evaluation-redesign rounds, using novel Infinicyt software tools for multivariate data analysis. Two groups of markers are combined in each 8-color tube: (i) backbone markers to identify distinct cell populations in a sample, and (ii) markers for characterization of specific cell populations. In multi-tube panels, the backbone markers were optimally placed at the same fluorochrome position in every tube, to provide identical multidimensional localization of the target cell population(s). The characterization markers were positioned according to the diagnostic utility of the combined markers. Each proposed antibody combination was tested against reference databases of normal and malignant cells from healthy subjects and WHO-based disease entities, respectively. The EuroFlow studies resulted in validated and flexible 8-color antibody panels for multidimensional identification and characterization of normal and aberrant cells, optimally suited for immunophenotypic screening and classification of hematological malignancies.
Comparison of results of treatment of hydrocele and epididymal cysts by surgery and injection.
Authors: G E Moloney
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A comparison has been made between a series of hydroceles and cysts of epididymis treated by surgery with a complication rate of at least 17% haematoma and 10% sepsis, an average hospital stay of five days, and a much longer time off work, and a series treated by tapping and injection (described in detail) requiring one to three visits to outpatients, an almost negligible complication rate, and no failures in those completing treatment.
Orthostatic Hypotension Predicts Mortality in Elderly Men
Authors: Kamal H. Masaki, Irwin J. Schatz, Cecil M. Burchfiel, Dan S. Sharp, Darryl Chiu, Daniel Foley, J. David Curb
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Population-based data are unavailable concerning the predictive value of orthostatic hypotension on mortality in ambulatory elderly patients, particularly minority groups. Methods and Results —With the use of data from the Honolulu Heart Program’s fourth examination (1991 to 1993), orthostatic hypotension was assessed in relation to subsequent 4-year all-cause mortality among a cohort of 3522 Japanese American men 71 to 93 years old. Blood pressure was measured in the supine position and after 3 minutes of standing, with the use of standardized methods. Orthostatic hypotension was defined as a drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ≥20 mm Hg or in diastolic blood pressure of ≥10 mm Hg. Overall prevalence of orthostatic hypotension was 6.9% and increased with age. There was a total of 473 deaths in the cohort over 4 years; of those who died, 52 had orthostatic hypotension. Four-year age-adjusted mortality rates in those with and without orthostatic hypotension were 56.6 and 38.6 per 1000 person-years, respectively. With the use of Cox proportional hazards models, after adjustment for age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, physical activity, seated systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medications, hematocrit, alcohol intake, and prevalent stroke, coronary heart disease and cancer, orthostatic hypotension was a significant independent predictor of 4-year all-cause mortality (relative risk 1.64, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.26). There was a significant linear association between change in systolic blood pressure from supine position to standing and 4-year mortality rates (test for linear trend, P &lt;0.001), suggesting a dose-response relation. Conclusions —Orthostatic hypotension is relatively uncommon, may be a marker for physical frailty, and is a significant independent predictor of 4-year all-cause mortality in this cohort of elderly ambulatory men.
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance findings in lipoid pneumonia.
Authors: J M Brechot, J N Buy, J P Laaban, J Rochemaure
Journal: Thorax (1991)

A case of exogenous lipoid pneumonia was documented by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Although strongly suggesting the presence of fat on T1 weighted images, magnetic resonance does not produce images specific for this condition. Computed tomography is the best imaging modality for its diagnosis.
Reform of Drug Regulation — Beyond an Independent Drug-Safety Board
Authors: Wayne A. Ray, C. Michael Stein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The authors argue that extensive reform of the system of drug regulation in the United States is needed to improve drug safety. In order to develop a more comprehensive system that is not so narrowly focused on testing of drugs before marketing, the authors propose a new federal authority for drug regulation, to be made up of three independent centers: a Center for New Drug Approval, a Center for Post-marketing Studies, and a Center for Drug Information.