tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Tammy Lundstrom
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 November 1996Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusTammy Lundstrom, MD, Judene Bartley, MS, MPH, and Elaine Flanagan, RN, BSNTammy Lundstrom, MDWayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201.Search for more papers by this author, Judene Bartley, MS, MPHWayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201.Search for more papers by this author, and Elaine Flanagan, RN, BSNWayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-10-199611150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Edmond and colleagues [1] on control of emergent vancomycin-resistant S. aureus is contrary to experience with the epidemiology and transmission of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Little evidence supports airborne or fomite transmission of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Acquired traits of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria have not been shown to alter virulence or transmission to the degree that could be inferred from the recommendations of Edmond and colleagues.We advocate the use of broad universal precautions for all patients: hand washing before and after all patient contact; use of gloves for all contact with body fluids and ...References1. Edmond MB, Wenzel RP, Pasculle AW. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: perspectives on measures needed for control. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:329-34. Google Scholar2. Management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in health care facilities. Michigan Society for Infection Control, Michigan Department of Public Health. 1991; 3:5-7. Google Scholar3. Strain BA, Groschel DH. Laboratory safety and infectious waste management. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Pfaller MA, Tenover FC, Yolker RH, eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 6th ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1995:75-85. Google Scholar4. Murray BE. Can antibiotic resistance be controlled? N Engl J Med. 1994; 330:1229-30. Google Scholar5. Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1995; 16:105-13. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Tammy Lundstrom, MD; Judene Bartley, MS, MPH; Elaine Flanagan, RN, BSNAffiliations: Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1996Volume 125, Issue 10Page: 858-859KeywordsAntimicrobialsBacteriaBody fluidsChartsEpidemiologyMucous membranesPathogensPatient advocacyStaphylococcus aureusVancomycin ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Tattoo Conductive Polymer Nanosheets for Skin‐Contact Applications
Authors: Alessandra Zucca, Christian Cipriani, None Sudha, Sergio Tarantino, Davide Ricci, Virgilio Mattoli, Francesco Greco
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Conductive tattoo nanosheets are fabricated on top of decal transfer paper and transferred on target surfaces as temporary transfer tattoos. Circuits are patterned with ink-jet printing. Tattoo nanosheets are envisioned as unperceivable human–device interfaces because of conformal adhesion to complex surfaces including skin. They are tested as dry electrodes for surface electromyography (sEMG), which permits the control of a robotic hand.
Legal Regulation and Quality Control of Medical Practice under the British Health Service
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THIS paper is an examination by an American lawyer of the program of legal regulation of medical practice under the National Health Service of Great Britain. No other study has been published on this subject, either by a British commentator or by any other writer. This paper will therefore be addressed to a broad examination of the subject, with critical comment reserved for the most significant aspects.Internal Disciplinary ProceduresProbably the most distasteful aspect of any organized program involving the rendering of services by professional persons is the internal disciplining of the practitioners. (By "internal disciplining" I mean regulation . . .
Sexual behaviour of young and middle aged men in England and Wales.
Authors: D. Forman, C. Chilvers
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Establishing patterns of sexual behaviour is essential in predicting the future spread of HIV. The sexual behaviour patterns of a randomly selected sample of 480 white men aged 15 to 49 were obtained by interview and analysed in relation to age, social class, and area of residence. Over half of the men had first had intercourse before the age of 18 and over three quarters had done so before the age of 20. Age at first intercourse tended to be lower in more recent birth cohorts and in social classes III, IV, and V. Men in earlier birth cohorts tended to have had fewer heterosexual partners, both regular and casual, than those born more recently, but there were no social class or regional differences in the number of partners. Eight of the 480 men (1.7%, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.3%) stated that they had had homosexual intercourse, four of whom had had one casual homosexual partner. Only one man had had more than 25 homosexual partners. The number of men having had homosexual intercourse was lower than is widely thought. When possible, data were checked with national data or other surveys and thought to be accurate. The difficulties in collecting data of this nature are discussed.
Signal-averaged electrocardiogram. Improved identification of patients with ventricular tachycardia using a 28-lead optimal array.
Authors: D S Ho, R A Denniss, J B Uther, D L Ross, D A Richards
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Although the signal-averaged ECG (SAECG) is currently the best noninvasive test to identify patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) following myocardial infarction (MI), it is still a relatively insensitive test. Body surface mapping has improved the sensitivity of ECG in detecting various cardiac diseases. This study applied body surface mapping to the SAECG in the form of a clinically practical, 28-lead optimal array and compared its sensitivity and specificity with those of an orthogonal array. METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred twenty-three patients with previous MI (82 with inducible VT) underwent SAECG using 28 surface electrodes from which were obtained a three-lead orthogonal array and a 28-lead optimal array (optimal). From the orthogonal array, two QRS durations (QRSd) were obtained using the combined vector magnitude method (CVM) and the earliest onset to latest offset of the three individually filtered leads (individual). From the optimal array, 28 QRSd were obtained, each defined as the duration from the earliest onset of any of the 28 leads to the offset of each individually filtered lead. QRSd &gt; 120 msec in &gt; or = 3 leads was considered abnormal. For CVM and individual, QRSd of &gt; 120 msec were considered abnormal. While the specificity of each method was comparable (84%, 86%, and 84% for CVM, individual, and optimal, respectively), the sensitivity of optimal (70%) was significantly greater than the sensitivity of CVM (54%) (p = 0.001) or individual (59%) (p = 0.004). The magnitude of improvement in sensitivity, 16% and 15%, respectively, was equal for anterior (n = 120) and inferior (n = 103) infarctions. CONCLUSIONS Body surface mapping using the 28-lead optimal array significantly improved the sensitivity of the SAECG without loss of specificity. The increased sensitivity was of equal magnitude for inferior and anterior infarctions. The superiority and practicality of the 28-lead optimal array make it worth pursuing as an option for further refinement in SAECG:
Early intrahepatic antigen-specific retention of naïve CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells is predominantly ICAM-1/LFA-1 dependent in mice
Authors: Patrick Bertolino, Arnhild Schrage, David G. Bowen, Katja Klugewitz, Saeed Ghani, Katharina Eulenburg, Lauren Holz, Nancy Hogg, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Alf Hamann
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract We have previously shown that naïve CD8+ T cells recognizing their cognate antigen within the liver are retained and undergo activation in situ , independent from lymphoid tissues. Intrahepatic primary T cell activation results in apoptosis and may play a crucial role in the ability of the liver to induce tolerance. Although adhesion molecules required for intrahepatic retention of T cells that have undergone previous extra-hepatic activation have been characterized, adhesive interactions involved in selective antigen-dependent intrahepatic retention of naïve CD8+ T cells have not been investigated. By adoptively transferring radiolabeled T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic CD8+ T cells into recipient animals ubiquitously expressing the relevant antigen, we show that 40% to 60 % of donor antigen–specific naïve CD8+ T cells were retained in the liver within 1 hour after transfer, despite ubiquitous expression of the antigen. Intravital microscopy showed that most donor naïve T cells slowed down and were irreversibly retained intrahepatically within the first few minutes after adoptive transfer, strongly suggesting that they were directly activated by liver cells in situ . This process was largely dependent on LFA-1 and ICAM-1, but was independent of blocking with antibodies against VCAM-1, α4 integrin, P-selectin, VAP-1, and β1 integrin. ICAM-2 seemed to play only a minor role in this process. Interestingly, LFA-1 expressed by both donor T cells and liver cells was involved in retention of the antigen-reactive T cells. In conclusion , LFA-1–dependent intrahepatic T cell retention and activation are linked events that may play a crucial role in the establishment of liver-induced antigen-specific tolerance. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the H epatology website ( http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html ). (Hepatology 2005;42:1063–1071.)
Key Elements of Effective and Practical Disclosure Policies for Health Science Journals
Authors: Jennifer Sass
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Science plays a critical role in arbitrating the safety and efficacy of consumer and industrial products.Just as critical is the role of scientific journals, which can give published science the imprimatur of independence and therefore credibility.Richard Smith, an editor for the British Medical Journal for 25 years, has argued that the drug industry has become reliant on the publication of industry-funded studies that are published in major journals to give the research a "stamp of approval," distribute the conclusions globally, and even attract media coverage (Smith 2005)."The quality of the journal will bless the quality of the drug," Smith wrote.Effective disclosure policies play an important role in protecting journals from becoming unwitting agents of propaganda, distortion, corporate marketing, and other types of misinformation, thereby constituting an important cornerstone of their credibility and reputation.In the summer of 2008, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) hosted a day-long workshop to discuss disclosure policies for health science journals.Participants included journal editors, other journal staff, academic scientists, scientific consultants, ethics experts, and publishing-house representatives.The product of the workshop is an NRDC report (Sass 2009) in which we recommend key elements of an effective and enforceable disclosure policy to guide journals in shaping and refining useful disclosure policies.Here I provide a summary of the results of that workshop.Journal staff should clearly identify how far back they wish their journal policy on competing interests to extend, considering what is appropriate for the journal.Under no circumstances should policies be limited only to current conflicts.The public statement should be no more than a few sentences and should include relevant patents, employment, collaborations, consulting, and so on, that could be seen as a possible competing interests.If no competing interests are disclosed, then this should be stated in the public statement.
Behcet's disease associated with amyloidosis in Turkey and in the world.
Authors: N Dilsen, M Konice, O Aral, T Erbengi, V Uysal, N Kocak, E Ozdogan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

The association of amyloidosis with Behçet9s disease has infrequently been reported in published works. Twenty four such cases have been observed in the world, of which 12 are from Turkey, including eight of ours. In all our eight cases renal biopsy showed amyloidosis of type AA. Behçet9s disease of male preponderance, long duration, complete type, multiple organ involvement, and positive skin pathergy test were the main characteristics of all 24 cases of Behçet9s disease with amyloidosis. We conclude that amyloidosis associated with Behçet9s disease is a secondary AA amyloidosis occurring as an intrinsic manifestation of Behçet9s disease.
Abstract 1308: Functional inhibition of HSP90 induces G0/G1 arrest and downregulates thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju, Field F. Willingham, Kevin E. Woods, Patrick Sullivan, Jerome C. Landry, Roberto Diaz, Bassel F. El-Rayes
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose Objectives: Cell cycle progression and DNA synthesis are essential steps in cancer cell growth and resistance. Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a therapeutic target for 5FU. Ganetespib is a potent functional inhibitor of HSP90 currently under evaluation in clinical trials. We tested the hypothesis that HSP90 functional inhibition by ganetespib can inhibit cell cycle progression and downregulate TS levels in colorectal cell lines. Methods: Two colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines were used, HCT-116 and HT-29. Cells were either untreated (control) or treated with ganetespib at 50 nM for 24 hours. Western blot and Real time-PCR analyses were carried out to determine the effect of ganetespib on different signal molecules involved in cell cycle arrest and DNA synthesis. A subcutaneous xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate the in vivo effects of ganetespib. Pre and post ganetespib treatment tumor biopsies from patients with rectal cancer on a phase I trial of ganetespib were analyzed using RT-PCR. Results: Treatment with ganetespib inhibited cyclin D1, pRb and E2F-1 at the transcriptional and translational level and induced p21, leading to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. HSP90 knockdown inhibited E2F-1 and TS protein and mRNA levels in both cell lines. Arrest in the G0/G1 phase was associated with downregulation of the transcription factor E2F-1 and its target gene TS. Similar effects were observed in tumors from animals treated with ganetespib. Further, ganetespib treatment significantly inhibited the tumor growth. Inhibition of cyclin D1, Rb, E2F-1, TS and upregulation of p21 at transcriptional levels were observed in post treatment rectal tumor biopsies obtained from patients receiving ganetespib. Conclusion: In this study, we present preclinical and clinical data to support the use of HSP90 inhibitors in colorectal cancer based on their ability to reduce expression of proteins important for DNA repair and cell cycle progression leading to cell cycle arrest and tumor shrinkage. Accordingly, combining HSP90 inhibitors with chemotherapy is a rational approach for future drug development in colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju, Field F. Willingham, Kevin E. Woods, Patrick Sullivan, Jerome C. Landry, Roberto Diaz, Bassel F. El-Rayes. Functional inhibition of HSP90 induces G0/G1 arrest and downregulates thymidylate synthase in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1308. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1308
PROPERTIES OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF A CHICKEN TUMOR
Authors: Albert Claude
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

A brief description is given of the main physical and chemical characteristics of active chicken tumor extracts. By special methods constituents have been removed from the active solution: (1) the major part of the tumor-proteins, which are adsorbed on alumina gel and discarded; (2) a carbohydrate, present in large amounts in the tumor extract, is eliminated by precipitation in combination with gelatin. In both cases the tumor principle is not directly affected and largely remains in active form in the solution.
Visual and spinal evoked potentials in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
Authors: F L Mastaglia, J L Black, D W Collins
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Visual and spinal evoked potentials in diagnosis of multiple sclerosisThe measurement of cortical evoked potentials generated by pattern reversal is a sensitive technique for detecting demyelinating lesions in the anterior visual pathways.1 2 Similarly changes in the somatosensory evoked potential recorded over the cervical spine3 have been found in many patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).4We have assessed the relative and complementary values of these two techniques in 68 patients with suspected or established MS.
The motivational underpinnings of religion
Authors: Mark Jordan Landau, Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Terror management theory and research can rectify shortcomings in Atran &amp; Norenzayan's (A&amp;N's) analysis of religion. (1) Religious and secular worldviews are much more similar than the target article supposes; (2) a propensity for embracing supernatural beliefs is likely to have conferred an adaptive advantage over the course of evolution; and (3) the claim that supernatural agent beliefs serve a terror management function independent of worldview bolstering is not empirically supported.
390 ACTIVE IN-THE-FIELD SURVEILLANCE REVEALS HIGH RATES OF HEPATITIS AND HIV COINFECTIONS AMONG AN IMMIGRANT POPULATION
Authors: G. Stornaiuolo, V. Cuniato, G. Cuomo, E. Nocera, G. Brancaccio, M. De Rosa, R.F. Natale, G.B. Gaeta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
HLA antibody formation within the HLA-A1 crossreactive group in multitransfused platelet recipients
Authors: Bruce R. Macpherson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

The formation of intragroup antibodies, HLA antibodies directed against antigens in the same crossreactive group (CREG) as those of the serum donor, may be an important cause of transfusion failures in patients receiving HLA-matched platelets. Twenty-two patients whose HLA types included at least one antigen in the HLA-A1 CREG were studied. Of the ten patients who formed HLA antibodies, six produced antibodies that reacted with one or more antigens in the HLA-A1 CREG. Five of 12 patients whose HLA types included HLA-A3 formed antibodies directed against HLA-A1-10-11 or HLA-A1-10. In contrast, only one of ten individuals whose phenotypes included HLA-A1, HLA-A11, or both produced anti-HLA-A3. Eleven incompatible retrospective crossmatches were observed in recipients of HLA-matched platelets attributable to intragroup antibodies. Patients receiving incompatible platelets had unsatisfactory post-transfusion platelet count increments. It is concluded that intragroup antibodies, such as those directed against antigens in the HLA-A1 CREG, are an important cause of platelet transfusion failures in patients requiring long-term platelet transfusion support. These antibodies can be identified by routinely screening recipient sera for HLA antibodies and performing retrospective crossmatches using the lymphocytotoxicity technique.
Computed tomography in childhood and adolescence is associated with small increased risk of cancer
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Computed tomography in children and young people has a small but significant effect on their risk of developing cancer, a large population based study has found.

Overall the study found that the chance of developing cancer was 24% higher among children and teenagers who had undergone computed tomography than among those who had not. But because the incidence of cancer in early life is very low this increased risk translated into only an extra six cancers over 10 years for every 10 000 young people who underwent computed tomography. Had they not had any scans, 39 cases of cancer would have been expected in this group.1

The researchers, from Australia and …
Dynamic O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (F-18 FET) PET for Glioma Grading
Authors: Maria Lucia Calcagni, Guido Galli, Alessandro Giordano, Silvia Taralli, Carmelo Anile, Andreas Niesen, Richard Paul Baum
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Purpose: (1) To investigate the diagnostic value of some O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (F-18 FET) indices derived from the dynamic acquisition to differentiate low-grade gliomas from high-grade; (2) to analyze the course of tumor time-activity curves (TACs); and (3) to calculate the individual probability of a high-grade glioma using the logistic regression. Methods: Seventeen low-grade (WHO I–II) and 15 high-grade (WHO III–IV) gliomas were studied with dynamic F-18 FET PET. Regions of interests were drawn over the tumor and contralateral brain, and TACs were analyzed. We considered early standardized uptake value (SUV), middle SUV, late SUV, early-to-middle SUV tumor ratio, early-to-late SUV tumor ratio; time to peak (Tpeak), in minutes, from the beginning of the dynamic acquisition up to the maximum SUV of the tumor; and SoD (sum of the frame-to-frame differences). To assess the individual probability of high-grade, logistic regression was also used. Results: High-grade gliomas showed significantly (P < 0.0001) higher values when compared with low-grade gliomas in early SUV, early-to-middle ratio, early-to-late ratio, Tpeak, and SoD. For the grading of gliomas, the best indices were early-to-middle ratio and Tpeak providing a diagnostic accuracy of 94%. TACs analysis provided an 87% diagnostic accuracy. For individual high-grade diagnosis, the logistic regression provided 93% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 97% accuracy. Conclusion: Early-to-middle SUV tumor ratio and Tpeak were the best indices for assessing the grading of gliomas. Since early-to-middle ratio derives from the first 35 minutes of the dynamic acquisition, the PET study could last half an hour instead of 1 hour. By logistic regression, it is possible to assess the individual probability of high-grade, useful for prognosis and treatment.
PRELIMINARY APPRAISAL OF HOSPITAL DESIGN
Authors: ALBERT H. FECHNER, RICHARD H. ANDERSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

There are several features in the design with which we do not agree. Some of these can be changed or corrected in present structures. Others can be corrected in new hospitals, if our impressions are sustained by the experiences of others. Aside from these, the concepts that have led to the design of this type hospital are sound and are a marked improvement over the traditional neuropsychiatric hospital. A long step has been taken to bring the design and architecture in line with the advances made in psychiatry.