tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TWO SEROLOGICAL TYPES OF GROUP B HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI WITH RELATED, BUT NOT IDENTICAL, TYPE-SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES
Authors: Rebecca C. Lancefield
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

1. Among group B hemolytic streptococci one serological type previously described as homogeneous has been shown, instead, to contain two closely related types, distinguishable by reciprocal absorption experiments. These streptococci are designated Types Ia and Ib. 2. Homologous organisms in each case absorb all antibodies from their respective antisera, while organisms of the heterologous related type absorb only the antibody responsible for the cross reactions. Group B streptococci of other types do not absorb the antibodies responsible for the cross reactions between these two related types. The precipitin reaction and passive protection tests in mice were employed in this analysis. 3. The type-specific substance of Type Ia is a polysaccharide. Preliminary study indicates that this is also true of Type Ib. While no data are available concerning the chemical relationships of these substances, it seems probable that the two types elaborate polysaccharides, related chemically as well as serologically.
Evaluation of immunotherapy‐induced changes in specific IgE, IgG and IgG subclasses in birch pollen allergic patients by means of immunoblotting
Authors: T. Birkner, H. Rumpold, E. Jarolim, H. Ebner, M. Breitenbach, F. Skvaril, O. Scheiner, D. Kraft
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Sera from 27 birch pollen‐allergic patients who had undergone hyposensitization treatment for 22–41 months were studied by immunoblotting before and after therapy, whereby the levels of IgE, IgG and IgG1–4 antibodies directed against the major allergen Bet v I and minor allergens of birch pollen were monitored. The clinical benefit of immunotherapy (IT) was evaluated using a symptom specific questionnaire. In patients with good clinical response (responders, n =18), as defined by improvement of symptoms, anti‐Bet v I IgE antibodies were found to decrease in 10/18 patients (55.5%), whereas in 6/18 (33.3%) no change and in two cases (11.2%) an increase of specific IgE was observed. In the group of patients with unsatisfactory clinical outcome (non‐responders, n =9), 3/9 patients (33.3%) showed a decrease, 3/9 (33.3%) no change and 3/9 (33.3%) an increase in levels of IgE antibodies directed against Bet v I. In the case of minor allergens, 5/18 responders (27.7%) and 8/9 non‐responders (88.8%) showed specific IgE before IT. In the responder group, no increase of specific IgE could be observed after IT. In non‐responders, however, an increase of IgE directed against minor allergens was seen in 3/9 patients (33.3%). In all patients, regardless of therapeutical success, IT‐induced elevated levels of specific IgG, IgG1 and in particular IgG4 directed against Bet v I vere found. Regarding minor allergens, a heterogeneous pattern of IgG responses without significant correlation to clinical benefit was observed. Our results indicate that changes in IgG reactivity patterns against Bet v I and minor allergens, as shown by the immunoblot technique, did not correlate with good or bad clinical outcome.
Abnormal Longitudinal, Base-to-Apex Myocardial Perfusion Gradient by Quantitative Blood Flow Measurements in Patients With Coronary Risk Factors
Authors: Miguel Hernandez-Pampaloni, Felix Y.J. Keng, Takashi Kudo, James S. Sayre, Heinrich R. Schelbert
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background A longitudinal, base-to-apex myocardial perfusion gradient has been described in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and was attributed to diffuse coronary luminal narrowing. We asked whether an abnormal perfusion gradient also existed in patients without CAD but with coronary risk factors. We measured myocardial blood flow (MBF) with 13 N-ammonia and PET at rest and during hyperemia in patients with coronary risk factors but without CAD. Methods and Results Regional MBF was measured in absolute units with 13 N-ammonia and PET at rest and during dipyridamole hyperemia in 36 patients with coronary risk factors (age, 55±10 years) and in 36 age-matched (age, 53±10 years) and in 28 young (age, 25±5 years) normal subjects. MBF was determined globally, for each of the 3 coronary territories, and in the mid and mid-to-apical sections of the left ventricle (LV). Myocardial perfusion on qualitative analysis was normal at rest and during hyperemia, and no flow defects were present. MBF in absolute units was similar in the 3 coronary territories. However, hyperemic MBFs in the mid-to-apical LV section were lower than in the mid LV section in the “at-risk” group (2.04±0.61 versus 1.71±0.40 mL · min −1 · g −1 ; P &lt;0.004) but not in the age-matched or in the young normal subjects. Conclusions The abnormal longitudinal, base-to-apex perfusion gradient observed during dipyridamole MBF suggests the presence of a functional and/or structural alteration of the coronary circulation associated with coronary risk factors, possibly reflecting developing coronary atherosclerosis or preclinical CAD.
Preliminary Comparison of PET/CT Studies Performed After Intravenous and Oral Administration of 18F-Fluoride
Authors: Samara Riguete Zacchi, Rômulo Hermeto Bueno do Vale, Paulo Schiavom Duarte, Marcelo Tatit Sapienza, Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 78-year-old man with prostate cancer was referred for 18F-NaF PET/CT for assessing bone metastases. An 18F-NaF PET/CT study was performed after the intravenous administration of the radiopharmaceutical. Five days later, a second study was done after oral administration of the radiopharmaceutical as part of a research protocol.
EU-USA pathology panel for uniform diagnosis in randomised controlled trials for HRCT screening in lung cancer
Authors: F. B. Thunnissen, K. M. Kerr, E. Brambilla, C. E. Comin, W. A. Franklin, B. Guldhammerskov, W. H. Westra, D. B. Flieder
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Randomised controlled trials for lung cancer screening using high-resolution computed tomography are now underway. In order to allow effective future comparison of the different trials, as well as strengthening conclusions based upon the analysis of larger data sets, uniformity and consistency of pathology diagnosis are essential. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the learning process in this difficult area of diagnostic pathology. Eight pathologists received two CD-ROMs, each with digital images of 30 cases. After diagnosing the first series, selected background reading was provided. Kappa (κ) scores were calculated for each pathologist and category, and were compared to the consensus score. The readings of the first series showed a moderate agreement κ score: mean± sd for category numbers 8 (all eight categories) and 2 were 0.53±0.05 and 0.65±0.04, respectively. The κ 2 score distinguished between categories denoting benign and malignant lesions. The second series resulted in a good agreement κ score: 0.65±0.06 for category number 8 and 0.81±0.02 for category number 2. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that screen-detected cases pose particular problems for pathologists and that a trained pathology panel serving randomised controlled trials is likely to lead to more consistent and accurate tissue diagnosis.
Distribution of HLA-B27 in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: H Mitsui, T Juji, H Sonozaki, H Seki, N Watanabe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

HLA antigens were examined in 27 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. HLA-B27 was found in none. The result was different from most other previously reported studies. The most likely explanation for this difference is the possibility that some patients with juvenile ankylosing spondylitis may have been included among the patients in the other studies.
Nutrition in cryptogenic cirrhosis and chronic aggressive hepatitis.
Authors: A G Morgan, J Kelleher, B E Walker, M S Losowsky
Journal: Gut (1976)

The nutritional status of 80 patients with non-alcoholic chronic liver disease was assessed by determination of various nutritional parameters in body fluids. With the exception of vitamin C there was a higher incidence (40%) of fat soluble vitamin deficiency (vitamins A, E, and carotene) than of the water soluble vitamins. Less than 10% of patients showed evidence of vitamin B12, nicotinic acid, thiamin, or riboflavin deficiency, and 17% had evidence of folic acid deficiency. The presence of deficiency was not related to age of the patient or fat absorption, and an inadequate dietary intake was not a major cause of deficiency. The incidence of nutritional deficiency is less frequent in non-alcoholic as compared with alcoholic liver disease.
Subsequent Chemotherapy Regimens Are Well Tolerated After Radioimmunotherapy With Yttrium-90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Stephen M. Ansell, Kay M. Ristow, Thomas M. Habermann, Gregory A. Wiseman, Thomas E. Witzig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Yttrium-90 (90Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin; IDEC Pharmaceutical, San Diego, CA) is an effective therapy for patients with relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The predominant toxicity of 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan has been myelosuppression, and concern has been expressed about the tolerability of further treatment after this therapy. The goal of this analysis was to evaluate the therapy given to patients who relapsed after 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan.A retrospective analysis was performed on 58 patients treated at a single institution on five separate protocols that used 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan 0.4 mCi/kg. All patients had experienced disease progression after 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan treatment and received subsequent therapy. The toxicity seen in this cohort of patients with subsequent treatment regimens was analyzed and compared with that of control groups who did not receive 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan.The median number of subsequent therapies was two (range, one to seven). Sixteen (28%) of the 58 patients received growth factor support with subsequent chemotherapy, and two patients were treated with reduced doses because of persistent pancytopenia. Eight patients subsequently had an autologous stem-cell transplantation with stem cells collected after 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy. Excluding patients hospitalized at the time of transplantation, 13 patients were hospitalized for neutropenic fever, thrombocytopenia, or both. When compared to patients who did not receive 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan, there was no significant difference in toxicity.We conclude that chemotherapy or autologous stem-cell transplantation after prior therapy with 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan is feasible and reasonably well tolerated. The toxicity with subsequent therapy seems similar to that in patients not treated with 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan.
Positive selection driving the evolution of a gene of male reproduction, Acp26Aa, of Drosophila: II. Divergence versus polymorphism
Authors: S. C. Tsaur, C. T. Ting, C. I. Wu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

The evolution of the gene for a male ejaculatory protein, Acp26Aa, has been shown to be driven by positive selection when nonsibling species in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup are compared. To know if selection has been operating in the recent past and to understand the details of its dynamics, we obtained DNA sequences of Acp26Aa and the nearby Acp26Ab gene from 39 D. melanogaster chromosomes. Together with the 10 published sequences, we analyzed 49 sequences from five populations in four continents. The southern African population is somewhat differentiated from all other populations, but its nucleotide diversity is lower at these two loci. We find the following results for Acp26Aa: (1) The R: S (replacement : silent changes) ratio is significantly higher in the between-species comparisons than in the within-species data by the McDonald and Kreitman test. Positive selection is probably responsible for the excess of amino acid replacements between species. (2) However, within-species nucleotide diversity is high. Neither the Tajima test nor the Fu and Li test indicates a reduction in nucleotide diversity due to positive selection in the recent past. (3) The newly derived nucleotides in D. melanogaster are at high frequency significantly more often than predicted by the neutral equilibrium. Since the nearby Acp26Ab gene does not show these patterns, these observations cannot be attributed to the characteristics of this chromosomal region. We suggest that positive selection is active, but may be weak, for each amino acid change in the Acp26Aa gene.
CHROJIATOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF AMINO ACIDS TN SERA AND URINE OF PATIENTS AVITH XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM AND THEIR NORNIAL RELATIVES.
Authors: H. EL-HEFNAWI, M. F. S. EL-HAWARY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article CHROJIATOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF AMINO ACIDS TN SERA AND URINE OF PATIENTS AVITH XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM AND THEIR NORNIAL RELATIVES. Get access H. EL‐HEFNAWI, M.D., H. EL‐HEFNAWI, M.D. Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, U.A.R Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. F. S. EL‐HAWARY, Ph.D.(Lond.) M. F. S. EL‐HAWARY, Ph.D.(Lond.) National Research Centre, Nutrition Unit, Dokki, Cairo, U.A.R Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 6, 1 June 1963, Pages 235–244, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13557.x Published: 01 June 1963
Bush pushes for limit to medical malpractice awards
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

George Bush has announced that he is to ask Congress to impose strict limits on medical malpractice lawsuits, saying that doctors “should be focused on fighting illnesses, not on fighting lawsuits.”

President Bush made his announcement in Madison County, Illinois, which a coalition of business and professional groups recently named as the best place in the United States for plaintiffs to file and win civil lawsuits.

Mr Bush proposed that Congress should set a limit of $250 000 (£134 000; €191 000) for non-economic damages, such as “pain and suffering.” The House of Representatives has repeatedly passed bills to …
Complement activation cascade triggered by PEG–PL engineered nanomedicines and carbon nanotubes: The challenges ahead
Authors: S.M. Moghimi, A.J. Andersen, S.H. Hashemi, B. Lettiero, D. Ahmadvand, A.C. Hunter, T.L. Andresen, I. Hamad, J. Szebeni
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Relation between circulating CC16 concentrations, lung function, and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease across the lifespan: a prospective study
Authors: Stefano Guerra, Marilyn Halonen, Monica M Vasquez, Amber Spangenberg, Debra A Stern, Wayne J Morgan, Anne L Wright, Iris Lavi, Lluïsa Tarès, Anne-Elie Carsin, Carlota Dobaño, Esther Barreiro, Jan-Paul Zock, Jesús Martínez-Moratalla, Isabel Urrutia, Jordi Sunyer, Dirk Keidel, Medea Imboden, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Jenny Hallberg, Erik Melén, Magnus Wickman, Jean Bousquet, Danielle C M Belgrave, Angela Simpson, Adnan Custovic, Josep M Antó, Fernando D Martinez
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2015)
Abrogating TNF-α Expression Prevents Bystander Destruction of Normal Tissues during iNOS-Mediated Elimination of Intraocular Tumors
Authors: Terry G. Coursey, Peter W. Chen, Jerry Y. Niederkorn
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Although intraocular tumors reside in an immune privileged site, some tumors are rejected nonetheless. For example, intraocular adenovirus-induced (Ad5E1; adenovirus type 5 early region 1) tumors are rejected in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice by one of two pathways. One pathway leads to extensive necrosis of innocent bystander cells and culminates in destruction of the eye, a condition called phthisis. The second pathway is characterized by piecemeal tumor cell death that rids the eye of the tumor while preserving the architecture and function of the eye. To study the mechanisms of phthisical tumor rejection, we isolated a cell clone-designated clone 2.1 that consistently undergoes rejection in a phthisical manner. CD4(+) T cells and macrophages were required for phthisical rejection of intraocular clone 2.1 tumors and M1 macrophages were involved in mediating tumor rejection. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) abolished macrophage-mediated killing of tumor cells and rejection of intraocular tumors. A role for M1 macrophages was further supported by investigations showing that intraocular tumors grew progressively in IFN-γ KO (knockout) mice. Studies in mice deficient in TNF-α, TNF receptor-1, or TNF receptor-2 revealed that although TNF-α was not needed for tumor rejection, it was required for the development of necrotizing inflammation and phthisis of tumor-bearing eyes. Together, our findings suggest new strategies to successfully eliminate ocular tumors while preserving the integrity of the eye.
Increases in intrahepatic CD68 positive cells, MAC387 positive cells, and proinflammatory cytokines (particularly interleukin 18) in chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: P H McGuinness
Journal: Gut (2000)

Upregulation of Th1 associated intrahepatic cytokines in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection should lead to a significant non-specific cellular immune response, a prerequisite for viral clearance. However, to date, the role of this non-specific response in HCV has been understudied.To analyse the intrahepatic macrophage activity in chronic HCV infection by immunostaining and by quantitation of cytokine mRNA.HCV positive liver tissues (chronic hepatitis, n=10; cirrhosis, n=5) were immunostained for CD68, MAC387, and semiquantitated by polymerase chain reaction for intrahepatic cytokine mRNAs (interferon gamma (IFNgamma), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-18, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta (MIP1beta)). HCV negative normal liver tissues (for cytokines, n=6; for immunostaining, n=5) were included as controls.MAC387(+) cells were focally increased in areas of erosion at the limiting plate while lobular staining was minimal. CD68(+) staining was diffuse in both portal (increased in HCV) and lobular areas. The portal tract (mean) density of CD68(+) and MAC387(+) cells was significantly increased in patients with HCV compared with normal tissue. IFNgamma and IL-18 mRNA levels were highly correlated and significantly upregulated in chronic hepatitis and cirrhotic tissue versus controls. TNFalpha mRNA was upregulated in chronic hepatitis without cirrhosis, while IL-6 mRNA was significantly downregulated. IL-1beta, IL-6, and MIP1beta mRNA levels were significantly correlated with portal tract MAC387(+) cell density.The significant upregulation of IFNgamma and IL-18 mRNA and significant correlations between IFNgamma and other proinflammatory cytokines, suggest a Th1/cell mediated intrahepatic immune response in chronic HCV infection. However, further clarification of the cellular sources of these cytokines is required.
Pioglitazone Improves Cardiac Function and Alters Myocardial Substrate Metabolism Without Affecting Cardiac Triglyceride Accumulation and High-Energy Phosphate Metabolism in Patients With Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rutger W. van der Meer, Luuk J. Rijzewijk, Hugo W.A.M. de Jong, Hildo J. Lamb, Mark Lubberink, Johannes A. Romijn, Jeroen J. Bax, Albert de Roos, Otto Kamp, Walter J. Paulus, Robert J. Heine, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Johannes W.A. Smit, Michaela Diamant
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Cardiac disease is the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Pioglitazone has been associated with improved cardiac outcome but also with an elevated risk of heart failure. We determined the effects of pioglitazone on myocardial function in relation to cardiac high-energy phosphate, glucose, and fatty acid metabolism and triglyceride content in T2DM patients.Seventy-eight T2DM men without structural heart disease or inducible ischemia as assessed by dobutamine stress echocardiography were assigned to pioglitazone (30 mg/d) or metformin (2000 mg/d) and matching placebo for 24 weeks. The primary end point was change in cardiac diastolic function from baseline relative to myocardial metabolic changes, measured by magnetic resonance imaging, proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose and [(11)C]palmitate positron emission tomography. No patient developed heart failure. Both therapies similarly improved glycemic control, whole-body insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure. Pioglitazone versus metformin improved the early peak flow rate (P=0.047) and left ventricular compliance. Pioglitazone versus metformin increased myocardial glucose uptake (P<0.001), but pioglitazone-related diastolic improvement was not associated with changes in myocardial substrate metabolism. Metformin did not affect myocardial function but decreased cardiac work relative to pioglitazone (P=0.006), a change that was paralleled by a reduced myocardial glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation. Neither treatment affected cardiac high-energy phosphate metabolism or triglyceride content. Only pioglitazone reduced hepatic triglyceride content (P<0.001).In T2DM patients, pioglitazone was associated with improvement in some measures of left ventricular diastolic function, myocardial glucose uptake, and whole-body insulin sensitivity. The functional changes, however, were not associated with myocardial substrate and high-energy phosphate metabolism.
Nitric Oxide Dependence of Renal Blood Flow in Patients with Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: THOMAS K. A. WIEREMA, ALPHONS J. H. M. HOUBEN, ABRAHAM A. KROON, DERK KOSTER, KIM VAN DER ZANDER, JOS M. A. VAN ENGELSHOVEN, PETER W. DE LEEUW
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. In ischemia, nitric oxide (NO) production is increased, possibly to preserve flow. The role of NO was investigated in hypertensive patients with or without renal artery stenosis (RAS). Fifty-five hypertensive patients scheduled to undergo diagnostic renal angiography underwent mean renal blood flow (MRBF) measurements before and after an intrarenal injection of the NO synthase blocker Ng-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) at 0.03 μg/kg, before angiography. A dose-response study indicated that this dose of L-NMMA significantly blocked NO synthesis. MRBF was measured at baseline and 1, 5, 10, and 20 min after L-NMMA treatment. On the basis of the angiographic results, patients were divided into three diagnostic categories, i.e., essential hypertension (n = 26), unilateral RAS (n = 16), or bilateral RAS (n = 8). In essential hypertension, MRBF was decreased by 18 ± 4% at 20 min. In unilateral RAS, L-NMMA did not affect MRBF in the stenotic kidney but reduced MRBF in the nonstenotic kidney by 40 ± 9% at 20 min. In bilateral RAS, L-NMMA reduced flow by 32 ± 14% at 20 min. In the nonstenotic kidney in unilateral RAS, a positive correlation was observed between the effect of NO blockade on MRBF and arterial renin levels (P = 0.009). In the stenotic kidney, in contrast, this correlation was inverse (P = 0.007). In conclusion, MRBF depends on NO in hypertensive patients, except in the stenotic kidney in unilateral RAS. In the nonstenotic kidney in unilateral RAS, NO bioavailability is increased. It is suggested that a compensatory mechanism, regulated by NO and possibly angiotensin II, may preserve renal function.