tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Newly Designed Protein Augments Efficacy of Anticancer Antibodies
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Role of the Pancreas in Vitamin B12 Absorption: Studies of Vitamin B12 Absorption in Partially Pancreatectomized Rats
Authors: Philip P. Toskes, Julius J. Deren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The effect of partial pancreatectomy (80-90%) on vitamin B(12) absorption was studied in the rat. The absorption of 5 ng of (57)Co-labeled vitamin B(12) was significantly reduced from 70 +/-2.5% (mean +/-SE) in control and sham-operated rats to 32 +/-2.6% in partially pancreatectomized rats. Hog pancreatic extract (0.17 g/kg) improved vitamin B(12) absorption from 30.0 to 61.0% in partially pancreatectomized rats but did not alter vitamin B(12) absorption in control rats. Chloramphenicol did not enhance vitamin B(12) absorption in partially pancreatectomized rats with pancreatic extract-improved vitamin B(12) malabsorption. The partially pancreatectomized rats with pancreatic extract-improved vitamin B(12) malabsorption were sacrificed and the stomach and small bowel studied in vitro to further define the pathogenesis of the vitamin B(12) malabsorption. Rat gastric intrinsic factor stimulated vitamin B(12) uptake by intestinal sacs prepared from partially pancreatectomized rats 3.1-fold. Gastric intrinsic factor prepared from partially pancreatectomized rats was as effective in promoting vitamin B(12) uptake by rat intestinal sacs as intrinsic factor prepared from control rats. These data indicate that partially pancreatectomized rats develop an abnormality in the absorption of labeled vitamin B(12) which can be corrected by pancreatic extract. The vitamin B(12) malabsorption is due to neither an alteration in gastric intrinsic factor activity nor an impairment of the intrinsic factor-vitamin B(12) receptor in the intestine. It is suggested that in the partially pancreatectomized rats the intrinsic factor-vitamin B(12) complex exists in a form which is not available for absorption.
IMPACT OF ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY ON OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Soichiro Ebisawa, Yusuke Miyashita, Hioki Hirofumi, Masatoshi Minamisawa, Naoto Hashidume, Naoyuki Abe, Takashi Miura, Yuichiro Kashima, Hirohiko Motoki, Atsushi Izawa, Uichi Ikeda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Systemic sclerosis: a prototypic multisystem fibrotic disorder
Authors: John Varga, David Abraham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

A unique feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc) that distinguishes it from other fibrotic disorders is that autoimmunity and vasculopathy characteristically precede fibrosis. Moreover, fibrosis in SSc is not restricted to a single organ, but rather affects many organs and accounts for much of the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Although immunomodulatory drugs have been used extensively in the treatment of SSc, no therapy to date has been able to reverse or slow the progression of tissue fibrosis or substantially modify the natural progression of the disease. In this Review, we highlight recent studies that shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the fibrotic process in SSc and that identify cellular processes and intra- and extracellular proteins as potential novel targets for therapy in this prototypic multisystemic fibrotic disease.
Assessment of Fetal Lung Maturity by Estimation of Amniotic Fluid Palmitic Acid
Authors: C. Warren, J. B. Holton, J. T. Allen
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The measurement of palmitic acid in amniotic fluid has been shown to be a rapid means of assessing the lecithin concentration. The level of palmitic acid increases quickly when the fetal lung matures at about 35 weeks' gestation, and the level in amniotic fluid obtained 24 hours or less before delivery clearly distinguishes which infants are likely to develop respiratory distress syndrome and which are mature.
Abstract 4003: MicroRNA 99b down-regulation in lung cancer tissues leads to fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 up-expression and acceleration of proliferation
Authors: Son Ji Woong, Sun Jung Kwon, Eugene Choi, Moon Jun Na, Young June Jeon
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been identified in a number of cancers and an accumulating data indicate that some miRNAs can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes and are important in cancer development. Deletion or loss of function of a tumor-suppressing miRNA results in overexpression of target oncogenes. Conversely, activation or overexpression of an oncogenic miRNA results in silencing of tumor-suppressing target genes. According to miRNA profiles on microarray, miR-99b was down-expressed in Korean lung cancer. FGFR-3 is predicted target of miR-99b through two public algorithms. FGFR-3 has been demonstrated to be involved in the RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK pathway through activation of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase. It has been reported that FGFRs are frequently overexpressed in NSCLC cell lines, suggesting that an FGFR-dependent autocrine signaling pathway may operate in a subset of NSCLCs. Material &amp; method: We studied expression of miR-99b and FGFR-3 using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in lung cancer tissue. To examine whether miR-99b could regulate FGFR-3 in lung cancer, we performed transient transfection of pre-miR-99b into lung cancer cell line, then we performed qRT-PCR and western blot in HCC1438, HCC95, and H522 cells for analysis of FGFR-3 expression. We hypothesized the miR-99b has a role of inhibitor cell growth in lung cancer. To test this hypothesis, we performed cell proliferation assay. Results: miR-99b was down-regulated and FGFR-3 was up-regulated in lung cancer. Over-expression of miR-99b induced marked reduction of FGFR-3 mRNA levels and protein level in lung cancer cell line HCC1438, HCC95, and H522. The growth rate in miR-99b precursor treated cell was lower than in negative control of miR treated cell. Conclusion: Abnormal down-regulation of miR-99b could lead to the over-expression of FGFR-3 in lung cancer. miR-99b may be a potent tumor suppressor and may be a potential candidate of therapeutic tool in lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4003. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4003
Prospective study of mustard allergy: first study with double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge trials (24 cases)
Authors: M. Morisset, D.‐A. Moneret‐Vautrin, F. Maadi, S. Frémont, L. Guénard, A. Croizier, G. Kanny
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Mustard allergy accounts for 1.1% of food allergies in children. However, double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge trials (DB PCFCs) have not yet been proposed. Objective: To carry out DB PCFCs to determine the real frequency of mustard allergy in patients sensitized to mustard. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 30 subjects aged 3–20 years presenting positive prick tests to ground mustard seeds ( Brassica nigra ), mustard flour ( B. juncea ), metabisulfite‐free strong mustard seasoning ( B. juncea ) and a commercialized allergenic extract ( B. nigra ). Twenty‐seven subjects were screened for mustard‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). PCFCs were carried out either DB or single blind (SB) with up to 1340 mg of metabisulfite‐free seasoning. Results: The mean diameter of the wheal induced by prick tests with the allergenic extract was lower (n.s.) than that induced by the native mustard products: 5.8 mm (1.5–15) vs 6.9 mm (0.5–18) for B. nigra ground seeds, 7.8 mm (1–20) for B. juncea flour and 9.7 mm (3–20) for the strong mustard seasoning. The diameter of the wheal induced by the allergenic extract was significantly different from that induced by the mustard seasoning ( P &lt; 0.005). The mean of mustard specific‐IgE values was 8.7 KU/l (0.35–72.4). Seven of 30 food challenges were considered positive. Mean prick test results in the positive and negative PCFC subgroups were 5.5 mm vs 5.9 mm for the commercialized extract, 10.9 mm vs 5.8 mm for B. nigra ground seeds ( P &lt; 0.01), 9.9 mm vs 7.1 mm for B. juncea flour (n.s. P &gt; 0.25) and 11.5 mm vs 9.1 mm for the metabisulfite‐free mustard seasoning (n.s. P &gt; 0.1). Mean specific IgE values determined by CAP system radioallergosorbent test (Phadebas Pharmacia) were higher but not significantly so ( P &gt; 0.25) in the subgroup with mustard allergy (12.3 K/l vs 7.6 KU/l). Conclusions: About 23.3% of the sensitized subjects were allergic to a routine dose of mustard. Positive prick tests and the presence of specific IgE were not predictive. SB PCFC or DB PCFC is required before recommending avoidance diets.
Polymerase chain reaction detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in formalin-fixed tissue.
Authors: J A Rish, K D Eisenach, M D Cave, M V Reddy, P R Gangadharam, J H Bates
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue would be of great diagnostic value. However, formaldehyde has been reported to decrease the efficiency of amplification by structurally altering the polynucleotide chain. We sought to determine the ability of the PCR assay to detect M. tuberculosis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue in a mouse experimentally infected with the H37Rv strain of M. tuberculosis. Lung tissue from the infected mouse was cultured to determine the number of organisms per gram of tissue. The remaining lung tissue was divided into eight portions, seven of which were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 24-h intervals over periods lasting from 1 to 7 d, and a control portion was placed in isotonic saline. The tissue samples were then paraffin-embedded, and sections were obtained from each tissue block for PCR analysis. We show that the PCR assay can detect as few as nine organisms in a 5-micron section of tissue, and that up to 7 d of fixation in 10% neutral buffered formalin has a negligible effect on the assay. The PCR assay can detect low numbers of M. tuberculosis organisms in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.
Ventricular arrhythmias induced by endothelin-1 or by acute ischemia: a comparative analysis using three-dimensional mapping
Authors: R Becker
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objectives: To analyze three-dimensional activation patterns of ventricular arrhythmias induced by endothelin-1 in comparison with ischemia-induced tachycardias. Methods: Following AV node ablation, sixty pin electrodes containing four bipoles each were inserted into both ventricles of ten foxhounds. Using a computerized mapping system, this would allow to simultaneously record 240 endo-, epi- and midmyocardial electrograms for reconstruction of the three-dimensional activation pattern. In five dogs, endothelin-1 was infused into the LAD at 60 pmol/min. In another five animals, the LAD was ligated. During the following 40 min, all ventricular arrhythmias were recorded for subsequent analysis. Furthermore, left ventricular conduction times during constant pacing and local effective refractory periods at eight left ventricular sites were determined before and after either intervention. Results: Endothelin-1 had no significant effect on conduction time and refractoriness, whereas ligation prolonged both parameters significantly. Endothelin-1 as well as ligation induced multiple mono- and polymorphic nonsustained ventricular tachycardias. Endothelin-1-induced arrhythmias were exclusively based on focal mechanisms, whereas during ligation, macroreentrant mechanisms were involved in the maintenance of tachycardias in 29% of episodes. Conclusion: The differences in the effects of endothelin-1 and LAD ligation on electrophysiologic properties and the difference in the mechanism of induced ventricular tachycardias support the hypothesis that, apart from vasoconstrictive properties, endothelin-1 exerts an intrinsic arrhythmogenic effect.
Medical Casebook of Doctor Arthur Conan Doyle: From Practitioner to Sherlock Holmes and Beyond
Authors: C. Frederick Kittle
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Medicine was his first love, although the world best remembers Sir Arthur Conan Doyle for the legends of Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson. For 15 difficult and grueling years, Doyle devoted himself to medicine— as a student at the University of Edinburgh, a general practitioner at Plymouth and Southsea, and a consultant in ophthalmology at London. Finally, he pledged himself full-time to writing—and became one of the world's best-known authors. Innumerable volumes have been written about Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson, dissecting and conjecturing about virtually every aspect of their lives and every incident in the Holmes-Watson canon. The medical life of Doyle, to the contrary, has been poorly documented. There has been a popular notion, untrue, that Doyle was forced into literary endeavors because of his failure as a physician. Partly because of this belief but also due to the almost-smothering charisma of the Great Detective, the medical side
Cost-Effectiveness of Molecular Profiling for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Dron Gauchan, Ryan Ramaekers, Sitki M. Copur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

In their recent article, Bonastre et al 1 reported a cost-effectiveness analysis of molecular profiling in adjuvant therapy for node-negative early breast cancer.They concluded that optimizing adjuvant chemotherapy decision making on the basis of the 70-gene signature is unlikely to be cost-effective compared with the use of Adjuvant!Online for decision making, or use of chemotherapy in place of adjuvant chemotherapy.First, it is important to understand that this analysis was conducted in France, which has a socialized health care system.The economic evaluation was conducted from the perspective of the French National Insurance Scheme, taking into account the medical costs, sick leave compensation, and an estimated cost of chemotherapy of €7,486, which was based on current unit costs for hospital stays and drugs in France.In the United States, the average cost of chemotherapy ranges from $27,000 to $33,000, not including the other costs.That equates to €21,197 to €25,908.The cost of MammaPrint was €2,675 in the study by Bonastre et al 1 and is $4,200 in the United States.Cost-effectiveness may be different in different health care systems.][4][5][6][7] Second, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was only used in 22% of the patients in the study.In addition, only three injections of pegfilgrastim were given to each patient, whereas in the United States, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is frequently used after each adjuvant treatment in breast cancer. 1 At present, this can translate into higher costs for chemotherapy use.Therefore, gene molecular profiling could still be a cost-effective approach in US health care.Last, the authors also mention the fact that chemotherapy cost has decreased as a result of the availability of generic docetaxel, which highlights the point that the same may apply to molecular profiling testing.In time, these tests will improve and become less expensive, similar to what has happened in BRCA testing.Ultimately, progress in conquering cancer will depend on coordinated, innovative efforts among all stakeholders-physicians, scientists, pharmaceutical companies, and governments-working with patience and dedication to accomplish the common goal of curing cancer.
228 CONVENTIONAL TRANSCATHETER ARTERIAL CHEMOEMBOLIZATION (C-TACE) VERSUS DOXORUBICIN ELUTING BEAD (DEB)-TACE FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL IMPACT-SHORT AND LONG-TERM PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: R. Sacco, M. Bertini, I. Bargellini, P. Petruzzi, G. Federici, E. Bozzi, M. Bertoni, B. Ginanni, B. Giampaolo, A. Romano, R. Cioni, E. Altomare, C. Bartolozzi, A. Capria
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Abnormal baroreceptor-mediated vasodilation of the peripheral circulation in congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: H Wroblewski, J Kastrup, S A Mortensen, S Haunsø
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Peripheral edema is a major clinical problem in congestive heart failure (CHF). The function of the edema-protective baroreceptor-mediated and local nervous vasoconstrictor reflexes of the lower leg during orthostasis in moderate and severe CHF has largely been unexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS Baroreceptor-mediated and local nervous regulation of subcutaneous blood flow of the lower leg was studied in healthy subjects and in patients with moderate and severe CHF secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Blood flow was measured by the local 133Xe washout method in the supine position and during 45 degrees head-up tilt. When the central baroreceptor reflex alone was activated, the changes in subcutaneous blood flow of the heart failure patients in both groups were significantly different from those of the eleven control subjects: blood flow increased 48 +/- 26% in 10 severe and 3 +/- 24% in nine moderate CHF patients compared with the decrease in blood flow of -36 +/- 15% observed in 11 control subjects (p &lt; 0.0001 for both). A highly significant direct association was demonstrated between changes in blood flow and New York Heart Association functional class (p = 0.007) and the left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.01). Activation of the baroreceptor and local venoarteriolar axon reflexes simultaneously increased blood flow significantly (30 +/- 9%) in 14 patients with severe CHF, compared with the decrease found in 14 control subjects (-53 +/- 9%) and in the group of 14 patients with moderate CHF (-17 +/- 25%) (p &lt; 0.0001 for both). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CHF secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy have an abnormal baroreceptor-mediated vasodilation in subcutaneous tissue of the lower leg during the upright position, which increases with the severity of the disease. The hemodynamic consequence is capillary hypertension and hyperemia in the leg during the upright position that may contribute to the development of edema and to the initiation of structural changes (microangiopathy) demonstrated in the microcirculation.
Last orders, please
Authors: T. M. Chakera, R. M. Mendelson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Semantics is the study of meaning. Words have denotations (literal meanings) and connotations (cultural or emotional associations.)

In linguistics, words also have pragmatic or contextual meaning, reliant on the subject matter, the situational context, and the relative positions of the speaker and listener.

The Oxford Dictionary tells us the denoted meaning of the word “order” is “an authoritative command or instruction.” The connotation of the word is that the receiver is subordinate to the giver and that the action resulting from the order is not contingent on the receiver’s agreement to …
RNAi-based Therapeutics Targeting Survivin and PLK1 for Treatment of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Shaguna Seth, Yoshiyuki Matsui, Kathy Fosnaugh, Yan Liu, Narendra Vaish, Roger Adami, Pierrot Harvie, Rachel Johns, Gregory Severson, Tod Brown, Akihide Takagi, Susan Bell, Yan Chen, Feng Chen, Tianying Zhu, Renata Fam, Iwona Maciagiewicz, Erin Kwang, Michael McCutcheon, Ken Farber, Patrick Charmley, Michael E Houston, Alan So, Michael V Templin, Barry Polisky
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Harnessing RNA interference (RNAi) to silence aberrant gene expression is an emerging approach in cancer therapy. Selective inhibition of an overexpressed gene via RNAi requires a highly efficacious, target-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) and a safe and efficient delivery system. We have developed siRNA constructs (UsiRNA) that contain unlocked nucleobase analogs (UNA) targeting survivin and polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) genes. UsiRNAs were encapsulated into dialkylated amino acid-based liposomes (DiLA(2)) containing a nor-arginine head group, cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS), cholesterol and 1, 2-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-polyethyleneglycol 2000 (DMPE-PEG2000). In an orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model, intravesical treatment with survivin or PLK1 UsiRNA in DiLA(2) liposomes at 1.0 and 0.5 mg/kg resulted in 90% and 70% inhibition of survivin or PLK1 mRNA, respectively. This correlated with a dose-dependent decrease in tumor volumes which was sustained over a 3-week period. Silencing of survivin and PLK1 mRNA was confirmed to be RNA-induced silencing complex mediated as specific cleavage products were detected in bladder tumors over the duration of the study. This report suggests that intravesical instillation of survivin or PLK1 UsiRNA can serve as a potential therapeutic modality for treatment of bladder cancer.
Topical application of dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin improves allergic inflammation via NF-κB inhibition
Authors: Asuka Hamasaka, Naoya Yoshioka, Riichiro Abe, Satoshi Kishino, Kazuo Umezawa, Michitaka Ozaki, Satoru Todo, Hiroshi Shimizu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)