tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy Outcome After Treatment for Wilms Tumor: A Report From the National Wilms Tumor Study Group
Authors: Daniel M. Green, Eve M. Peabody, Bin Nan, Susan Peterson, John A. Kalapurakal, Norman E. Breslow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine the effect, if any, of prior treatment with radiation therapy or chemotherapy for Wilms tumor diagnosed during childhood or adolescence on live births, birthweight, and the frequency of congenital malformations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed pregnancy outcomes among survivors of Wilms tumor treated with or without irradiation to the flank or tumor bed on National Wilms Tumor Studies 1, 2, 3, and 4 using a maternal questionnaire and review of both maternal and offspring medical records. RESULTS: We received reports regarding 427 pregnancies with duration of 20 weeks or longer, including 409 liveborn singletons for whom 309 sets of medical records were reviewed. Malposition of the fetus and early or threatened labor were more frequent among irradiated women. Both were more frequent among women who received higher radiation therapy doses. The offspring of the irradiated female patients were more likely to weigh less than 2,500 g at birth and to be of less than 36 weeks gestation, with both being more frequent after higher doses of radiation. An increased percentage of offspring of irradiated females had one or more congenital malformations. CONCLUSION: Women who receive flank radiation therapy as part of their treatment for Wilms tumor are at increased risk of fetal malposition and premature labor. The offspring of these women are at risk for low birthweight, premature (&lt; 36 weeks gestation) birth, and the occurrence of congenital malformations. These risks must be considered in the obstetrical management of female survivors of Wilms tumor.
The quality of life of 790 patients with photodermatoses
Authors: C.T. Jong, A.Y. Finlay, A.D. Pearse, A.C. Kerr, J. Ferguson, E.C. Benton, J.L.M. Hawk, R.P. Sarkany, E. McMullen, L.E. Rhodes, P.M. Farr, A.V. Anstey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Polymorphic light eruption and erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) have been demonstrated to have a moderate and large impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients, respectively. However, there is little information available about the impact of other photodermatoses on QoL.To assess and compare the impact of all forms of photodermatoses on patients' QoL using the standard 1-week Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire and a modified questionnaire to assess the impact over the previous year.All patients with photodermatoses seen between 2001 and 2005 at five U.K. photobiology centres were contacted by post on the same day during a forecasted sunny week across the U.K. and asked to complete DLQI questionnaires.A total of 1877 patients were contacted. Seven hundred and ninety-seven (42%) patients replied, with a range from 30% to 48% for the five individual centres. Nearly two-thirds of patients with actinic prurigo (AP) and more than one-third of patients with photoaggravated dermatoses (PAD), chronic actinic dermatitis, EPP and solar urticaria had a DLQI of > 10, confirming a very large effect of the disorders on QoL. Of the cutaneous porphyrias, both variegate porphyria (median DLQI 3) and porphyria cutanea tarda (median DLQI 1.5) had a much lower impact on QoL than EPP.This is the first large-scale study to attempt to measure the impact of a range of photodermatoses on QoL. Photodermatoses have a major impact on QoL. This impact is highest in AP and PAD.
Draft bill on assisted dying opens for consultation
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A former lord chancellor, Charles Falconer, is to introduce a private member’s bill in the House of Lords which would allow doctors to help terminally ill patients end their lives.

The Assisted Dying Bill, published in draft form on 3 July, will be open for consultation until 20 November and is expected to be introduced in the UK’s upper chamber in the new year.

The draft bill follows the recommendations of the Commission on Assisted Dying, which Falconer chaired, and would set up a framework with safeguards to allow mentally competent adults with …
Prednisone withdrawal late after adult liver transplantation reduces diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia without causing graft loss
Authors: M. D. Stegall, G. T. Everson, G. Schroter, F. Karrer, B. Bilir, T. Sternberg, R. Shrestha, M. Wachs, I. Kam
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

We prospectively withdrew prednisone in 28 adult patients who had stable graft function more than 2 years after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) and had been on 5 mg/d prednisone for at least 6 months. Prednisone was decreased from 5 mg/d to 2.5 mg/d for 1 month then stopped completely. Cyclosporine monotherapy was maintained at a level of approximately 200 ng/mL (TDX). Nineteen patients had prednisone withdrawn without complications. Four (14.2%) had modest elevations in liver function tests (two biopsy proven mild rejections and two were not biopsied). These four were treated with methylprednisolone boluses and then withdrawal of steroids again. Prednisone was restarted in five patients because of generalized fatigue and body aches (n = 4) and colitis (n = 1). Steroids later were successfully withdrawn in two of these patients. After prednisone withdrawal, three of five insulin-dependent diabetic patients were able to discontinue insulin therapy and their glycosylated hemoglobin levels improved. Four of fourteen hypertensive patients were able to discontinue antihypertensive medicines. Mean serum cholesterol decreased from 222.6 +/- 43.3 to 188.3 +/- 33.3 mg/dL (P < .001). The number of patients with serum cholesterol levels > 220 mg/dL decreased from 13 to 4. A control group of 24 patients maintained on 5 mg/d prednisone at least 2 years after liver transplantation also was studied. In this group during the study period, no diabetic became normoglycemic, no patient decreased their antihypertensive medicine, and the mean serum cholesterol levels did not change significantly. We conclude that prednisone withdrawal using cyclosporine monotherapy late after liver transplantation does not lead to graft loss and decreases the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Symptoms occurring during withdrawal may be minimized by earlier or slower tapering.
A SECOND CASE OF DOUBLE LOOP HERNIA
Authors: J. A. C. Macewen
Journal: BMJ (1913)

Ocular bobbing is a distinctive eye movement disorder seen in patients with pontine dysfunction. The typical phenomenon consists of abrupt, spontaneous downward jerks of the eyes with a slow return to the midposition in association with paralysis of spontaneous and reflex horizontal eye movements. Bobbing was present in a patient with acute cerebellar hemorrhage in whom no intrapontine lesions could be demonstrated. The myth that this sign is specific for intrapontine destruction has to be abandoned.
TREATMENT OF ASIATIC CHOLERA.
Authors: ELMER LEE
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Spasmodic cholera—called also malignant, epidemic, Asiatic, Indian, blue, and pestilential cholera —is generally epidemic, though not contagious. The first symptoms are generally experienced during the night, sometimes beginning with a light general uneasiness and moderate diarrhea; at other times the symptoms come on violently and follow each other rapidly. In fatal cases death usually occurs at some period between six and twenty-four hours; in a few fatal cases the patient lingers two or three days. The ordinary course of symptoms are more or less diarrhea; the discharges at first feculent, but soon presenting the appearance of rice-water or gruel; there are flying pains, or sense of coldness in the abdomen, as if purgative medicine were about to operate; the countenance is pale; there is nausea, vomiting, prostration of muscular power, and nervous agitation; cramps in the legs, arms, loins and abdominal muscles, more or less severe; small, weak pulse, intense
Imagining and Testing New Strategies for HIV/AIDS
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A computer study of the left ventricular performance based on fiber structure, sarcomere dynamics, and transmural electrical propagation velocity.
Authors: R Beyar, S Sideman
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

A model of the left ventricle which combines a spheroidal geometry with a spatial fiber angle distribution is presented. The mechanics of each muscle fiber is described by its passive stress-strain relationship, active stress-strain relationship, and an activation function (half a sinusoid) which represents the time-dependent degree of activation of the fiber. A stress-strain rate relationship which characterizes the muscle fibers is used to calculate the mechanics of left ventricular contraction during ejection. Furthermore, a radial electrical signal propagation from the endocardium to the epicardium is used here as a first approximation to the actual depolarization sequence. The model is used to describe the process of contraction throughout the systole. The different calculated parameters and indices of left ventricular function are presented and discussed for different preloading, afterloading and contractility conditions. The maximum elastance is found to be an optimal macroscale parameter of contractility, as it is completely preload and afterload independent, and is a good reflection of the active microscale sarcomere stress-strain relationship.
Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management
Authors: Devi Nampiaparampil
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract B8: The two isoforms of ADAM9 have opposing roles in breast cancer cell migration
Authors: Jessica L. Fry, Alex Toker
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Tumor cell migration is a complex event mediated by the genetic characteristics of the tumor cells themselves in cooperation with changes in the tissue microenvironment. ADAM9, a member of a family of transmembrane matrix-metalloproteases named for their integrin-binding Disintegrin And Metalloprotease domains, is implicated in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions as well as in shedding of receptors and ligands. ADAM9 is present in breast cancer tumors and cell lines as two alternatively spliced isoforms—ADAM9-L and the truncated, secreted, ADAM9-S. We find that ADAM9-S is expressed primarily in the more migratory basal subtype of breast cancer cell lines, and exogenous and endogenous overexpression of ADAM9-S increases breast cancer cell migration, leading to our hypothesis that ADAM9 present in the breast tumor environment mediates tumor cell migration. Using lentiviral-shRNA constructs, we silenced expression of endogenous human ADAM9 protein in the BT549, ZR75-1 and CAMA-1 breast cancer cell lines, resulting in an increase in cell migration measured by transwell assay. This enhanced migration is reversed by reintroduction of ADAM9-L protein into these cells, while reintroduction of ADAM9-S enhances this migration phenotype in a metalloprotease-dependent manner, showing opposing roles for the two isoforms of ADAM9 in breast cancer cell migration. Furthermore, analysis of functional domain mutants of ADAM9-L shows that ADAM9-L suppresses cell migration in a metalloprotease-independent manner. We also find that ADAM9-L expression alters the migratory phenotype of α-6 integrin-blocking antibody GOH-indicating a role for ADAM9-L in integrin signaling. Future analysis of the proteolytic substrates of ADAM9-S, as well as the subcellular localization and downstream signaling of ADAM9-will further illuminate the mechanisms by which ADAM9 isoforms differentially mediate cell migration. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B8.
Sodium in drugs and hypertension
Authors: P. Strazzullo
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>SUMMARY</h3> Transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) requires preinitiation complex (PIC) assembly at gene promoters. In the dynamic nucleus where thousands of promoters are broadly distributed in chromatin, it is unclear how ten individual components converge on any target to establish the PIC. Here, we use live-cell, single-molecule tracking in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> to document subdiffusive, constrained exploration of the nucleoplasm by PIC components and Mediator's key functions in guiding this process. On chromatin, TBP, Mediator, and Pol II instruct assembly of a short-lived PIC, which occurs infrequently but efficiently at an average promoter where initiation-coupled disassembly may occur within a few seconds. Moreover, PIC exclusion by nucleosome encroachment underscores regulated promoter accessibility by chromatin remodeling. Thus, coordinated nuclear exploration and recruitment to accessible targets underlies dynamic PIC establishment in yeast. Collectively, our study provides a global spatio-temporal model for transcription initiation in live cells.
Community hospitals in the new NHS
Authors: S Ramaiah
Journal: BMJ (1994)

current problems, risk factors, and chronic diseases "living epidemiology" and see it as the key to assessing the health needs of small populations.Just as the discovery of anaes- thetics in the nineteenth century allowed surgeons to develop their skills so in this century microcomputers are allowing general practitioners to organise and analyse their information and so develop the discipline of general practice.Computerised audits comparing the care provided by different partners in a practice are now possible.The comparisons are private and internal to the practice, are highly educational, and promote personal professional development by highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of all the doctors.The Royal College of General Practitioners' fellowship by assessment offers a similar external goal and reward."By making personal relationships progressive and by making practice data progressively fuller and more interesting a logical career development emerges for the medical generalist within a group practice and a community.Finally, as Handysides writes, general practice is a human service.The Royal College's motto, cum scientia caritas (compassion with science), well describes the two legs on which our subject stands.Generalists always have been and always will be concerned with whole person medicine, human problems, and human values.
Changes in Human Drug Metabolism after Long-term Exposure to Hypnotics
Authors: I. H. Stevenson, M. Browning, J. Crooks, K. O'Malley
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The influence of the newer, non-barbiturate hypnotics Mandrax (diphenhydramine-methaqualone) and nitrazepam on drug-metabolizing capacity was assessed and compared with the effect of amylobarbitone, a known inducer of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Plasma antipyrine and phenylbutazone half-lives and urinary output of 6beta-hydroxycortisol were used as indices. Volunteer subjects were exposed to therapeutic amounts of these agents and, in the case of Mandrax and barbiturates, further studies were carried out in dependent patients.Mandrax but not nitrazepam increased the rate of drug metabolism, presumably by enzyme induction. The degree of induction was comparable with that produced by hypnotic doses of amylobarbitone. The Mandrax-dependent and barbiturate-dependent patients were the fastest metabolizers studied. It is concluded that drug interactions resulting from interference with drug metabolism are as likely to occur with Mandrax as with barbiturates. On the other hand, it is unlikely that such drug interactions would occur with nitrazepam.
1144-132 L-type calcium channel inhibitor diltiazem prevents diastolic dysfunction and stress-induced cardiac decompensation and death in a mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dirk Westermann, Björn Knollmann, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, Paul Steendjik, Carsten Tschoepe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Role of neural guidance signals in blood vessel navigation
Authors: M AUTIERO, F DESMET, F CLAES, P CARMELIET
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Despite the tremendous progress achieved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the last decade, little is still known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathfinding of blood vessels during their formation. However, emerging evidence shows that different axonal guidance cues, including members of the Slit and semaphorin families, are also involved in the blood vessel guidance, suggesting that blood vessels and nerves share common mechanisms in choosing and following specific paths to reach their respective targets. These promising findings open novel avenues not only in vascular biology but also in therapeutic angiogenesis. Indeed, the identification of new molecules involved in the guidance of blood vessels may be helpful in designing angiogenic strategies, which would insure both the formation of new blood vessels and their guidance into an organized and coordinated network.
Patterns of Reported Age: Lack of Digit Bias (and No Holding)
Authors: Steven D. Stellman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Nichols et al<sup>1</sup>reported a substantial digit bias (toward multiples of five) in the age distribution of physicians and plaintiffs involved in malpractice claims, and a most peculiar bias toward the single ages of 39 and 59. They advised that "physicians and others concerned with age-related problems should be aware of this when collecting and analyzing data." Since age is nearly always a critical variable in epidemiologic studies, it is important to know whether this is a widespread phenomenon. The Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II)<sup>2</sup>is a six-year follow-up study of over 1.2 million men and women, mostly aged 45 years and older. We recently reported the smoking habits of physicians in CPS-II by age and sex.<sup>3</sup>The Figure shows the age distribution for all 470 846 men and for 8893 male physicians aged 45 to 85 years (inclusive) when they were enrolled in
Hemodynamics, coronary blood flow, and myocardial metabolism in coronary shock; response to l-norepinephrine and isoproterenol
Authors: Hiltrud Mueller, Stephen M. Ayres, John J. Gregory, Stanley Giannelli, William J. Grace
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism were evaluated in 18 patients in cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction. The response to l-norepinephrine was studied in seven cases and the response to isoproterenol in four cases. Cardiac index (CI) was markedly reduced, averaging 1.35 liters/min per m(2). Mean arterial pressure ranged from 40 to 65 mm Hg while systemic vascular resistance varied widely, averaging 1575 dyne-sec-cm(-5). Coronary blood flow (CBF) was decreased in all but three patients (range 60-95, mean 71 ml/100 g per min). Myocardial oxygen consumption (MV(O2)) was normal or increased ranging from 5.96 to 11.37 ml/100 g per min. Myocardial oxygen extraction was above 70% and coronary sinus oxygen tension was below 22 mm Hg in most of the patients. The detection of the abnormal oxygen pattern in spite of sampling of mixed coronary venous blood indicates the severity of myocardial hypoxia. In 15 studies myocardial lactate production was demonstrated; in the remaining three lactate extraction was below 10%. Excess lactate was present in 12 patients. During l-norepinephrine infusion CI increased insignificantly. Increased arterial pressure was associated in all patients by increases in CBF, averaging 28% (P < 0.01). Myocardial metabolism improved. Increases in MV(O2) mainly paralled increases in CBF. Myocardial lactate production shifted to extraction in three patients and extraction improved in three. During isoproterenol infusion CI increased uniformly, averaging 61%. Mean arterial pressure remained unchanged but diastolic arterial pressure fell. CBF increased in three patients, secondary to decrease in CVR. Myocardial lactate metabolism deteriorated uniformly; lactate production increased or extraction shifted to production. In the acute state of coronary shock the primary therapeutic concern should be directed towards the myocardium and not towards peripheral circulation. Since forward and collateral flow through the severely diseased coronary bed depends mainly on perfusion pressure, l-norepinephrine appears to be superior to isoproterenol; phase-shift balloon pumping may be considered early when pharmacologic therapy is unsuccessful.
Pain: An Early Morning Reverie
Authors: Keith Wrenn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Ad Libitum15 January 1993Pain: An Early Morning ReverieKeith Wrenn, MDKeith Wrenn, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-2-199301150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It's still there. As soon as I opened my eyes, I could feel it. Every night I say a little prayer that it will go away. So far, that hasn't worked. Morning used to be my favorite time of the day, but now the early sun and the sounds of the birds, which were a source of joy, are a reminder that it goes downhill from here. As soon as I get up, it will begin to pick up. By the time I get home from work, I'll be ready for bed. It's like a black hole that sucks up ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1993Volume 118, Issue 2Page: 154KeywordsAssaultDrugsEmergency departmentEmotionsFearSleepSurgery ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...