tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Developing healthcare systems to support exercise: exercise as the fifth vital sign
Authors: Robert Sallis
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The importance of physical activity to health and wellness has been established incontrovertibly. There is a linear relationship between physical activity and health—those who maintain an active and fit way of life live longer, healthier lives.1 Those who are unfit and sedentary very predictably develop chronic diseases prematurely and die at a younger age.1 This association between activity level and health status exists in various major subgroups of the population. It doesn't matter whether you study men or women, various ethnic groups, diverse nations, children or the aged, the results are always the same: people who are active and fit live longer, healthier lives. This is no longer news.

Exercise, therefore, is medicine that every patient needs to take. Its tremendous and proven clinical benefits should not be denied any patient. Especially in patients who have chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease and hypertension to list just three. Likewise, anyone who is at risk for these chronic diseases should consider exercise an essential vaccine to greatly lower risk of illness and almost certainly extend life. The ready availability of this powerful therapy means that a patient's exercise habits should be assessed at every clinical visit and used by the clinician in the management of every patient.2

Unfortunately, the medical community has resisted attempts to utilise exercise as a medication, believing that doctors prescribing exercise has no effect on our patient's behaviour. That just does not make sense! On a daily basis, we physicians convince our patients to undertake therapy that is …
Effect of drug-eluting metal stents in benign esophageal stricture: an in vivo animal study
Authors: S. Jeon, S. Eun, C. Shim, C. Ryu, J. Kim, J. Cho, J. Lee, M. Lee, S. Jin
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background and study aims: The aim of this study in canines was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of self-expandable metal stents, which were coated with paclitaxel to minimize the tissue response.
Phase III trial of doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide (AC), docetaxel, and alternating AC and docetaxel as front-line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial (JCOG9802)
Authors: N. Katsumata, T. Watanabe, H. Minami, K. Aogi, T. Tabei, M. Sano, N. Masuda, J. Andoh, T. Ikeda, T. Shibata, S. Takashima
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Molecular Biology of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase–Positive Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Jeffery L. Kutok, Jon C. Aster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) provides an excellent example of how molecular insights into tumor pathogenesis are influencing and improving tumor classification. ALCL was described initially as a subtype of T-cell/null-cell lymphoma characterized by unusual tumor cell morphology and the expression of CD30. However, it was soon recognized that a subset of ALCLs contained chromosomal translocations involving anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a novel receptor tyrosine kinase gene. These rearrangements create chimeric genes encoding self-associating, constitutively active ALK fusion proteins that activate a number of downstream effectors, including phospholipase C-gamma, phosphoinositol 3'-kinase, RAS, and signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins, all of which seem potentially important in cellular transformation. Not all tumors classified as ALCLs have ALK rearrangements and, conversely, ALK rearrangements occur in lymphomas of widely varying morphology. Hence, only molecular markers can reliably identify ALK+ ALCL. The importance of doing so is reflected by clinical studies suggesting that ALK+ ALCLs have a significantly better prognosis than other aggressive peripheral T-cell or B-cell lymphomas, including ALK- ALCLs. The unique molecular pathogenesis of ALK+ ALCL is likely to lead to novel therapeutic approaches directed at specific inhibition of ALK or downstream effectors.
Psychosocial Factors in HIV-AIDS
Authors: Paul M.G. Emmelkamp
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Review Articles| February 18 2010 Psychosocial Factors in HIV-AIDS Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology Paul M.G. Emmelkamp Paul M.G. Emmelkamp University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Psychology, Academic Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1996) 65 (5): 225–228. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289081 Article history Published Online: February 18 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Paul M.G. Emmelkamp; Psychosocial Factors in HIV-AIDS. Psychother Psychosom 1 May 1996; 65 (5): 225–228. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289081 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal 1996Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Relative Efficacy of Atorvastatin 80 mg and Pravastatin 40 mg in Achieving the Dual Goals of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol &lt;70 mg/dl and C-Reactive Protein &lt;2 mg/l
Authors: Paul M. Ridker, David A. Morrow, Lynda M. Rose, Nader Rifai, Christopher P. Cannon, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Bronchial Mast Cell Markers and Clinical Asthma Severity In Steroid Refractory Asthmatics
Authors: Mandeep Hundal, Katherine N. Cahill, Robert Pedicini, Allison Crosby-Thompson, Stefanie Dutile, Usha Govindarajulu, Kartik Shenoy, Mark Dransfield, Emily DiMango, Serpil C. Erzurum, Mario Castro, Nizar N. Jarjour, Howard Katz, Joshua A. Boyce, Elliot Israel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Transplantation for alcoholic liver disease
Authors: A. De Gottardi, J. Dumortier
Journal: Gut (2006)

Alcohol relapse can negatively influence the outcome after liver transplantation (LT) and factors that could be associated with the recurrence of harmful alcohol consumption after LT are still poorly described. We recently presented the results of a study 1 addressing this issue in a large cohort of patients transplanted for alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Our findings are in accordance with the observations by O’Grady in its recent Leading article in this Journal 2, but expand to some novel aspects, which we would like to focus on.
Type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Translocates to the Nucleus of Human Tumor Cells
Authors: Tamara Aleksic, Meenali M. Chitnis, Olga V. Perestenko, Shan Gao, Peter H. Thomas, Gareth D. Turner, Andrew S. Protheroe, Mark Howarth, Valentine M. Macaulay
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) is a transmembrane glycoprotein composed of two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits with tyrosine kinase activity. The IGF-1R is frequently upregulated in cancers and signals from the cell surface to promote proliferation and cell survival. Recent attention has focused on the IGF-1R as a target for cancer treatment. Here, we report that the nuclei of human tumor cells contain IGF-1R, detectable using multiple antibodies to α- and β-subunit domains. Cell-surface IGF-1R translocates to the nucleus following clathrin-mediated endocytosis, regulated by IGF levels. The IGF-1R is unusual among transmembrane receptors that undergo nuclear import, in that both α and β subunits traffic to the nucleus. Nuclear IGF-1R is phosphorylated in response to ligand and undergoes IGF-induced interaction with chromatin, suggesting direct engagement in transcriptional regulation. The IGF dependence of these phenomena indicates a requirement for the receptor kinase, and indeed, IGF-1R nuclear import and chromatin binding can be blocked by a novel IGF-1R kinase inhibitor. Nuclear IGF-1R is detectable in primary renal cancer cells, formalin-fixed tumors, preinvasive lesions in the breast, and nonmalignant tissues characterized by a high proliferation rate. In clear cell renal cancer, nuclear IGF-1R is associated with adverse prognosis. Our findings suggest that IGF-1R nuclear import has biological significance, may contribute directly to IGF-1R function, and may influence the efficacy of IGF-1R inhibitory drugs. Cancer Res; 70(16); 6412–9. ©2010 AACR.
Do we need bacteriological confirmation of cure in uncomplicated tuberculosis?: Table 1–
Authors: Abbey Ursula Leahy, Marc Lipman, Martin Hetzel, Onn Min Kon, Susan Hopkins, Ibrahim Abubakar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

In UK hospitals obtaining evidence of TB cure is impractical and unnecessary in the majority of treated individuals http://ow.ly/mxhQM
Thromboembolic Events in Children and Young Adults With Pediatric Sarcoma
Authors: Ido Paz-Priel, Lauren Long, Lee J. Helman, Crystal L. Mackall, Alan S. Wayne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Adults with malignancy are at increased risk for venous thromboembolic events (TEs). However, data in children and young adults with cancer are limited.To determine the risk and clinical features of TEs in children and young adults with sarcoma, we reviewed records on 122 consecutive patients with sarcoma treated from October 1980 to July 2002.Twenty-three TEs were diagnosed in 19 of 122 (16%; 95% CI, 10% to 23%) patients. Prevalence by diagnosis was Ewing sarcoma, eight of 61 (13%); osteosarcoma, two of 20 (10%); rhabdomyosarcoma, four of 26 (15%); and other sarcomas, five of 15 (33%). TEs developed in 23% of patients with metastases at presentation versus 10% with localized disease (odds ratio, 2.59; 95% CI, 0.9 to 7.1; P < .06). Fifty-three percent of patients with thrombosis had a clot at presentation. A lupus anticoagulant was detected in four of five evaluated patients. There was a single fatality due to pulmonary embolism. Patients who were diagnosed with cancer after 1993 had a higher rate of TE (7% v 23%; P < .015). Of the 23 events, 43% were asymptomatic. Main sites of thromboses were deep veins of the extremities (10 of 23; 43%), pulmonary embolism (five of 23; 22%), and the inferior vena cava (four of 23; 17%). TEs were associated with tumor compression in eight of 23 (35%) and with venous catheters in three of 23 (13%).Thromboembolism is common in pediatric patients with sarcomas. Thromboses are detected frequently around the time of oncologic presentation, may be asymptomatic, and seem to be associated with a higher disease burden. Children and young adults with sarcoma should be monitored closely for thrombosis.
A framework for the functional analysis of behaviour
Authors: Alasdair I. Houston, John M. McNamara
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1988)

Abstract We present a general framework for analyzing the contribution to reproductive success of a behavioural action. An action may make a direct contribution to reproductive success, but even in the absence of a direct contribution it may make an indirect contribution by changing the animal's state. We consider actions over a period of time, and define a reward function that characterizes the relationship between the animal's state at the end of the period and its future reproductive success. Working back from the end of the period using dynamic programming, the optimal action as a function of state and time can be found. The procedure also yields a measure of the cost, in terms of future reproductive success, of a suboptimal action. These costs provide us with a common currency for comparing activities such as eating and drinking, or eating and hiding from predators. The costs also give an indication of the robustness of the conclusions that can be drawn from a model. We review how our framework can be used to analyze optimal foraging decisions in a stochastic environment. We also discuss the modelling of optimal daily routines and provide an illustration based on singing to attract a mate. We use the model to investigate the features that can produce a dawn song burst in birds. State is defined very broadly so that it includes the information an animal has about its environment. Thus, exploration and learning can be included within the framework.
Lenalidomide induces long-lasting responses in elderly patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Paolo Strati, Michael J. Keating, William G. Wierda, Xavier C. Badoux, Steliana Calin, James M. Reuben, Susan O’Brien, Steven M. Kornblau, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Hui Gao, Alessandra Ferrajoli
Journal: Blood (2013)
Effects of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene on Memory and Other Cognitive Abilities: Cognition in the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene
Authors: Claudine Legault, Pauline M. Maki, Susan M. Resnick, Laura Coker, Patricia Hogan, Therese B. Bevers, Sally A. Shumaker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose To compare the effects of two selective estrogen receptor modulators, tamoxifen and raloxifene, on global and domain-specific cognitive function. Patients and Methods The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project's Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) study was a randomized clinical trial of tamoxifen 20 mg/d or raloxifene 60 mg/d in healthy postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer. The 1,498 women who were randomly assigned in STAR were age 65 years and older, were not diagnosed with dementia, and were enrolled onto the Cognition in the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (Co-STAR) trial, beginning 18 months after STAR enrollment started. A cognitive test battery modeled after the one used in the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging (WHISCA) was administered. Technicians were centrally trained to administer the battery and recertified every 6 months. Analyses were conducted on all participants and on 273 women who completed the first cognitive battery before they started taking their medications. Results Overall, there were no significant differences in adjusted mean cognitive scores between the two treatment groups across visits. There were significant time effects across the three visits for some of the cognitive measures. Similar results were obtained for the subset of women with true baseline measures. Conclusion Tamoxifen and raloxifene are associated with similar patterns of cognitive function in postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer. Future comparisons between these findings and patterns of cognitive function in hormone therapy and placebo groups in WHISCA should provide additional insights into the effects of tamoxifen and raloxifene on cognitive function in older women.
MicroRNAs and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Matthias Brock, Silvia Ulrich, Lars Christian Huber
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

in rural hospitals.Thus we are confident that our proposals can be implemented in the more advanced centres in the places that have been specifically set up for the treatment of MDR-TB.There can be nothing special about achieving the same individualisation in the treatment for MDR-TB, as long as clinicians in those places are trained for the Bayesian-dose optimisation process.Indeed, we consider this approach less costly than losing patients to MDR and XDR-TB, and the cost of secondary cases. @ERSpublicationsBayesian-dose optimisation for better and cost effective treatment of multi-and extremely drug resistant tuberculosis http://ow.
Acute toxic dilatation of the colon in Crohn's colitis
Authors: A. J. Buzzard, W. N. W. Baker, P. R. G. Needham, R. E. Warren
Journal: Gut (1974)

Twelve new cases of acute toxic dilatation of the colon in Crohn's colitis treated by total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis are reported, and criteria for making the diagnosis are given.The complication has occurred in 6% of patients diagnosed as having Crohn's disease of the colon treated at the Gordon Hospital since 1948. The patients have been predominantly young adult females, with a short preoperative history of disease. The sigmoidoscopic appearance of the rectum preoperatively has been no indication of the likelihood of recurrent disease at the anastomosis. Only four patients still have successfully functioning ileorectal anastomoses and four patients have died from the effects of the disease.
KRAS-LCS6 Genotype as a Prognostic Marker in Early-Stage CRC–Response
Authors: Kim M. Smits, Trupti Paranjape, Sunitha Nallur, Kim A.D. Wouters, Matty P. Weijenberg, Leo J. Schouten, Piet A. van den Brandt, Fred T. Bosman, Joanne B. Weidhaas, Manon van Engeland
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Ryan and colleagues report an association between rs61764370 and reduced mortality risk in late-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) in their series of 237 patients and 441 control subjects. While this observation is consistent with our findings of reduced mortality in patients with early-stage CRC with
Initial Angiotensin Receptor Blockade–Induced Decrease in Albuminuria Is Associated With Long-Term Renal Outcome in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Microalbuminuria
Authors: Merel E. Hellemons, Frederik Persson, Stephan J.L. Bakker, Peter Rossing, Hans-Henrik Parving, Dick De Zeeuw, Hiddo J. Lambers Heerspink
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the individual impact of initial responses in urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) to angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) treatment on long-term renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a post hoc analysis of the Irbesartan in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria (IRMA)-2 trial we first assessed the individual variability in UAE and SBP response (0–6 months) in 531 subjects. Subsequently, we analyzed the individual effect of both response parameters on renal outcome defined as change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS The median reductions in UAE and SBP in the population were −18% and −11 mmHg, respectively. In irbesartan-treated patients, 85 (24.4%) had a robust (&amp;gt;median) reduction in UAE but not in SBP (discordant SBP response) and 67 (19.3%) had a robust (&amp;gt;median) reduction in SBP but not in UAE (discordant UAE response). The degree of reduction in UAE was independently associated with the rate of eGFR decline (P = 0.0037). SBP showed a similar trend (P = 0.087). The relation between a larger UAE reduction and a slower rate of renal function decline was present in both cohorts with a SBP change above and below the median. CONCLUSIONS Within an individual, UAE response to ARB therapy may be discordant from SBP response. The initial change in UAE was independently associated with eGFR slope; the more UAE reduction the less eGFR decline, irrespective of the SBP change. These results suggest that in microalbuminuric patients with type 2 diabetes, UAE should be monitored after initiation of therapy and a separate target for renoprotective therapy.
What can we learn about cardioprotection from the cardiac mitochondrial proteome?
Authors: M. Gucek, E. Murphy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

This review will summarize proteomic methods that are useful in studying the role of mitochondria in cardioprotection. The strengths and weaknesses of some of the different approaches are discussed. We focus on the cardiac mitochondrial proteome with emphasis on changes associated with cell death and protection, and we summarize how proteomic data have contributed to addressing the role of mitochondria in cardioprotection.
Government halves number of NHS quangos to save 180m
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Half of the NHS’s quangos (quasi-autonomous national governmental organisations) are to be axed, the government has confirmed, and it has named which bodies are to go.

Well known bodies, including the Health Protection Agency and the National Patient Safety Agency, are to be abolished, with some of their responsibilities being moved to the new body called the Public Health Service.

In its review of arm’s length bodies the Department of Health has lined up between eight and 10 from a total of 18 such bodies to be culled from the NHS (final decisions are still pending).

England’s health secretary, Andrew Lansley, said that the cuts were part of an attempt to save money—an estimated £180m (€215m; $280m) by 2014-15—and would help towards the target of reducing the NHS’s administrative costs by 45% over the next four years.

The health department emphasised that most of the work done by the bodies being abolished was being “streamlined” and would continue under other organisations.

Details are still to be finalised about what happens to staff in those soon to be defunct organisations, but there is a possibility some could transfer to other bodies.

Change was inevitable, said Mr Lansley, and was in line with the wider reforms set out in the recent white paper, Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS ( BMJ 2010;341:c3796, 14 Jul, doi:10.1136/bmj.c3796).

The list of bodies …