tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic anti-inflammatory mediators in COPD: increase in soluble interleukin 1 receptor II during treatment of exacerbations
Authors: M A Dentener
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Background-The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the chronic inflammatory process present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is due to a defective endogenous antiinflammatory mechanism.Methods-Systemic levels of the antiinflammatory mediators soluble interleukin 1 receptor II (sIL-1RII), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor p55 (sTNF-R55) and sTNF-R75, and of C reactive protein (CRP) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were analysed in 55 patients with stable COPD (median forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) 34% predicted (range 15-78)) and compared with levels in 23 control subjects.In addition, changes in these mediators were studied in 13 patients with COPD (median FEV 1 34% predicted (range 19-51)) during the first 7 days in hospital with an exacerbation of the disease.Results-Patients with stable COPD were characterised by a systemic inflammatory process indicated by an increased leucocyte count (7.2 (4.7-16.4)v 4.8 (3.5-8.3)× 10 9 /l), raised levels of CRP (11.8 (1.1-75.0)v 4.1 (0.6-75.0) µg/ml) and LBP (45.6 (8.1-200.0)v 27.9 (14.1-71.5)µg/ml), and moderate increases in both sTNF-Rs.In contrast, the sIL-1RII level did not diVer between patients and controls (4.53 (2.09-7.60)v 4.63 (3.80-5.93)ng/ml).During treatment of disease exacerbations, systemic levels of both CRP (at day 3) and LBP (at day 7) were significantly reduced compared with day 1, whereas sIL-1RII levels increased.Conclusions-These data suggest an imbalance in systemic levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory mediators in patients with stable COPD.The increase in the anti-inflammatory mediator sIL-1RII during treatment of exacerbations may contribute to the clinical improvement.
Cirrhosis and muscle cramps: Evidence of a causal relationship
Authors: P Angeli, G Albino, P Carraro, M D Pria, C Merkel, L Caregaro, E De Bei, A Bortoluzzi, M Plebani, A Gatta
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The aim of the study was to define the features, prevalence, and pathophysiology of therapy for muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. The first protocol study included 294 cirrhotic patients and 194 age- and sex-matched controls. Controls were defined as inpatients or outpatients without any clinical and laboratory evidence of liver disease. Features and prevalence of muscle cramps were defined on the basis of a standard questionnaire. As far as the pathophysiological associations of muscle cramps were concerned, the following parameters were evaluated: mean arterial pressure (MAP), nutritional status, liver function tests, plasma volume (PV), plasma renin activity (PRA), and electrolyte, mineral, and acid-base status. The prevalence of cramps was higher in cirrhotic patients than in controls, and it was related to the duration of recognized cirrhosis and to the severity of liver function impairment. At a multiple regression analysis, the presence of ascites, low values of MAP, and high values of PRA were the independent predictive factors for the occurrence of cramps in cirrhosis. In the second protocol study, the effects of a sustained expansion of the effective circulating volume induced by intravenous infusion of human albumin were compared with those of a placebo in 12 cirrhotic patients with more than three cramp crises a week. Compared with the placebo, albumin reduced the cramp frequency (P < .01). In conclusion, an increased prevalence of true muscle cramps occurs in patients with cirrhosis. Our data indicate that the pathophysiological link between cirrhosis and cramps may be represented by the reduction of the effective circulating volume. They also indicate that weekly infusion of human albumin may be an effective treatment for cramps in cirrhosis.
Attitudes about Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer: A Survey of American Thoracic Society Clinicians
Authors: James Simmons, Michael K. Gould, Steven Woloshin, Lisa M. Schwartz, Renda Soylemez Wiener
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

than QFT-G (13) and has recently replaced QFT-G worldwide.Second, we managed treatment in the present study according to a Japanese guideline (6).In the context of this guideline, we did extend the duration of treatment for 3 months in patients with TB with diabetes mellitus and immunosuppressive therapy.In conclusion, we found a relation between the transitional changes in IFN-g response and recurrence of TB by following the QFT-G test for 2 years after completion of treatment.When there is an obvious increase in IFN-g response to TB antigens at completion of treatment compared with those at the beginning of treatment in patients with TB, the risk for recurrence of TB should be considered.
Unmet needs for the assessment of small airways dysfunction in asthma: introduction to the ATLANTIS study
Authors: Dirkje S. Postma, Chris Brightling, Leo Fabbri, Thys van der Molen, Gabriele Nicolini, Alberto Papi, Klaus F. Rabe, Salman Siddiqui, Dave Singh, Maarten van den Berge, Monica Kraft
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

An estimated 300 million people suffer from asthma worldwide, which is a major public health problem [1]. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that affects the entire bronchial tree. The small airways, i.e. <2 mm diameter, can be affected by inflammation and remodelling, resulting in changes occurring in the smooth muscle cells and the surrounding tissue. These changes all contribute to dysfunction of the small airways, which may contribute to the clinical expression of asthma [2]. However, their contribution to asthma control and exacerbations has been minimally investigated and the majority of studies performed have only occurred in cross-sectional, small-sized patient groups with a narrow spectrum of severity. Filling the knowledge gap of small airways dysfunction across all asthma severities: the ATLANTIS study <http://ow.ly/LnuUL> The ATLANTIS study was sponsored by Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy. The principal investigators are: Brazil: Alberto Cukier, Emilio Pizzichini, Rafael Stelmach (country coordinator); Canada: Ronald Olivenstein (country coordinator); China: Jinming Gao, Yuanlin Song, Qingling Zhang (country coordinator); Germany: Philipp Badorrek, Christian Gessner, Klaus Rabe (country coordinator); Italy: Alfredo Chetta, Mariella D'Amato, Stefano Milleri, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Alberto Papi (country coordinator), Nicola Scichilone, Antonio Spanevello; The Netherlands: Maarten van den Berge (country coordinator), Wim Boersma, Marielle Broeders, J. Sebastiaan Vroegop; Spain: Vicente Plaza Moral, Luis Pérez de Llano (country coordinator); UK: Ratko Djukanovic, Salman Siddiqui, Dave Singh (country coordinator), Omar S Usmani; USA: Monica Kraft (country coordinator), Nicola Hanania, Richard Martin, Robert Schilz.
Effects of Testosterone and Resistance Training in Men with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Richard Casaburi, Shalender Bhasin, Louis Cosentino, Janos Porszasz, Attila Somfay, Michael I. Lewis, Mario Fournier, Thomas W. Storer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Dysfunction of the muscles of ambulation contributes to exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Men with COPD have high prevalence of low testosterone levels, which may contribute to muscle weakness. We determined effects of testosterone supplementation (100 mg of testosterone enanthate injected weekly) with or without resistance training (45 minutes three times weekly) on body composition and muscle function in 47 men with COPD (mean FEV(1) = 40% predicted) and low testosterone levels (mean = 320 ng/dl). Subjects were randomized to 10 weeks of placebo injections + no training, testosterone injections + no training, placebo injections + resistance training, or testosterone injections + resistance training. Testosterone injections yielded a mean increase of 271 ng/dl in the nadir serum testosterone concentration (to the middle of the normal range for young men). The lean body mass (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) increase averaged 2.3 kg with testosterone alone and 3.3 kg with combined testosterone and resistance training (p < 0.001). Increase in one-repetition maximum leg press strength averaged 17.2% with testosterone alone, 17.4% with resistance training alone, and 26.8% with testosterone + resistance training (p < 0.001). Interventions were well tolerated with no abnormalities in safety measures. Further studies are required to determine long-term benefits of adding testosterone supplementation and resistance training to rehabilitative programs for carefully screened men with COPD and low testosterone levels.
YKL-40 Is a Differential Diagnostic Marker for Histologic Subtypes of High-Grade Gliomas
Authors: Catherine L. Nutt, Rebecca A. Betensky, Melissa A. Brower, Tracy T. Batchelor, David N. Louis, Anat O. Stemmer-Rachamimov
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose and Experimental Design: In modern neuro-oncology, no variable affects therapeutic decisions and prognostic estimation more than tumor classification. We showed recently that class prediction models, based on gene expression profiles, classify diagnostically challenging malignant gliomas in a manner that better correlates with clinical outcome than standard pathology. In the present study, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate YKL-40 protein expression in independent sets of glioblastomas and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas to determine whether this single marker can aid classification of these high-grade gliomas. Results and Conclusions: Glioblastomas show strikingly more YKL-40 expression than anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. Only 2 of 37 glioblastomas showed completely negative YKL-40 staining in both tumor cells and extracellular matrix, whereas 18 of 29 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas were completely negative in non-microgemistocytic tumor cells and extracellular matrix. Tumor cell staining intensity was also markedly different: 84% of glioblastomas showed strong staining intensities of 2+ or 3+ whereas 76% of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas either did not stain or stained at only 1+. YKL-40 staining provided a better class distinction of glioblastoma versus anaplastic oligodendroglioma than glial fibrillary acidic protein, the current standard immunohistochemical marker used to distinguish diagnostically challenging gliomas. Moreover, a combination of YKL-40 and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry afforded even greater diagnostic accuracy in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas.
Charged particle therapy versus photon therapy for paranasal sinus and nasal cavity malignant diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Samir H Patel, Zhen Wang, William W Wong, Mohammad Hassan Murad, Courtney R Buckey, Khaled Mohammed, Fares Alahdab, Osama Altayar, Mohammed Nabhan, Steven E Schild, Robert L Foote
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
(13) ?Epidermolysis bullosa with pigmentation and palmar and plantar keratoses
Authors: C.N.A. Matthews, R.D.G. Peachey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article (13) ?Epidermolysis bullosa with pigmentation and palmar and plantar keratoses Get access C.N.A. Matthews, C.N.A. Matthews Bristol Royal Infirmary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.D.G. Peachey R.D.G. Peachey Bristol Royal Infirmary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue s15, 1 December 1977, Pages 44–46, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14321.x Published: 01 December 1977
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE FREE OF THEILER'S VIRUS (TO STRAIN) TO INFECTION WITH TO VIRUS
Authors: Elmer T. Feltz, Benjamin Mandel, Efraim Racker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

A method for the establishment and maintenance of a colony of mice free of Theiler's (TO) virus has been described. This colony has been maintained since 1947 with but one instance of contamination in 1948. Studies on the susceptibility of these mice to TO virus show that smaller doses are required to establish an infection of the intestinal tract than of the CNS. A mutant strain of TO(B) virus has been isolated which, following oral administration to mice free of TO virus, is able to cause infection of the CNS with paralysis. When fed to stock mice that carry TO virus, this TO(B) strain does not cause paralysis or other signs of CNS infection.
Circuits and Circuit Disorders
Authors: Roger N. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

Joseph Fourier, for developing deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus as effective therapy for patients with Parkinson disease.It is estimated that more than 100 000 Parkinson disease patients have been treated with DBS with reduction in bradykinesia and tremors and with overall improvement in motor function.Deep brain stimulation is credited as being the most important therapeutic advance for Parkinson disease since the introduction of L-dopa in the 1960s.In this issue of JAMA Neurology, DeLong and Wichmann examine in their review 1 the scientific foundations and rationale for the use of ablation and DBS for the treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases, using Parkinson disease as the primary example.They provide evidence in support of the view that signs and symptoms of movement disorders result from signature abnormalities in one of several parallel and largely segregated basal ganglia thalamocortical circuits forming the "motor circuit."Recently, they are exploring the pedunculopontine nucleus to study gait disorders responding poorly to levodopa and conventional DBS targets.
Newly identified genetic risk variants for celiac disease related to the immune response
Authors: Karen A Hunt, Alexandra Zhernakova, Graham Turner, Graham A R Heap, Lude Franke, Marcel Bruinenberg, Jihane Romanos, Lotte C Dinesen, Anthony W Ryan, Davinder Panesar, Rhian Gwilliam, Fumihiko Takeuchi, William M McLaren, Geoffrey K T Holmes, Peter D Howdle, Julian R F Walters, David S Sanders, Raymond J Playford, Gosia Trynka, Chris J J Mulder, M Luisa Mearin, Wieke H M Verbeek, Valerie Trimble, Fiona M Stevens, Colm O'Morain, Nicholas P Kennedy, Dermot Kelleher, Daniel J Pennington, David P Strachan, Wendy L McArdle, Charles A Mein, Martin C Wapenaar, Panos Deloukas, Ralph McGinnis, Ross McManus, Cisca Wijmenga, David A van Heel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Restenosis in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Jamal S. Rana, Pascalle S. Monraats, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Moniek P.M. de Maat, John J.P. Kastelein, Pieter A.F. Doevendans, Robbert J. de Winter, René A. Tio, Rune R. Frants, Arnoud van der Laarse, Ernst E. van der Wall, J. Wouter Jukema
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—Patients with metabolic syndrome have increased risk of cardiovascular events. The number of patients with metabolic syndrome is rapidly increasing, and these patients often need revascularization. However, only limited data are available on the effect of metabolic syndrome on restenosis in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—To assess the role of metabolic syndrome in the development of restenosis, we performed an analysis in a population of patients from the GENetic DEterminants of Restenosis (GENDER) study. The GENDER project, a multicenter prospective study, included consecutive patients after successful PCI and was designed to study the predictive value of various genetic and other risk factors for subsequent clinical restenosis, defined as target vessel revascularization (TVR) or combined end point of death, myocardial infarction, and TVR. This subpopulation of GENDER consisted of 901 patients, 448 of whom (49.7%) had metabolic syndrome. RESULTS—On multivariable Cox regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, previous myocardial infarction, stent length, current smoking, and statin therapy, there was no association between increased risk of TVR (hazard ratio 1.03 [95% CI 0.68–1.57]) or the combined end point (1.05 [0.71–1.55]) and the presence of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS—This study demonstrates that metabolic syndrome is not associated with TVR or the combined end point after PCI. Furthermore, accumulating characteristics of metabolic syndrome were neither associated with increased risk of TVR nor with the combined end point. Therefore, PCI has equal beneficial results in patients with or without metabolic syndrome. This is important information in light of the pandemic proportion of metabolic syndrome that the medical community will face.
Sleep apnoea and Turner's syndrome
Authors: O. Orliaguet, J.L. Pépin, G. Bettega, G. Ferretti, H.N. Mignotte, P. Lévy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

A 32-yr-old female with Turner's syndrome and anatomical craniofacial abnormalities, presented with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. This was initially treated by nasal continuous positive airway pressure and secondarily cured by maxillomandibullar advancement osteotomy. Anatomical upper airway abnormalities and hormonal factors, which predispose Turner patients to develop obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, are discussed. A systematic assessment and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing is probably of interest in these patients.
Correcting parsimonious trees for unseen nucleotide substitutions: the effect of dense branching as exemplified by ribonuclease.
Authors: W M Fitch, J J Beintema
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1990)

In a study of mammalian ribonuclease evolutionary rates, we applied the Fitch-Bruschi correction to reduce the bias caused by an unequal sampling of taxa in different lineages. The correction was clearly appropriate but only up to a point. The analysis showed that the sampling of taxa within the pecora was sufficiently intense that no correction for unseen, amino acid-changing, nucleotide substitutions was required. It was also found that the ribonuclease gene was duplicated at least twice at the origin of the pecoran branch of the artiodactyls.
Malignant Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Prostate
Authors: Caigang Liu, Xinhan Zhao, Zuowei Zhao, Ping Lu, Feng Jin, Gang Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Malignant Inflammatory MyofibroblasticTumor of the Prostate Case ReportAn 80-year-old man suffered from acute urinary retention requiring urethral catheterization, with no evidence of hematuria or fever.He had a history of chronic urinary retention, which was treated with oral medicine for 3 months, but no history of urinary trauma or infection.Laboratory testing such as blood count, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis were in the normal range.A urine culture was negative, and the serum level of prostate-specific antigen was 5.8 ng/mL.On digital rectal examination, it was discovered that this patient had an elastic consistency enlargement of the prostate with firm nodules.Subsequently, an enlarged prostatic mass with hypoecho, which measured approximately 6.3 ϫ 5.6 cm was found using ultrasonography.Further tests, including a pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan, revealed a 6.5 ϫ 5 ϫ 5.5-cm irregular isodense mass (35 Hounsfield units) that extended into the bladder (Fig 1).Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a 6 ϫ 5.5-cm prostatic mass with low-signal and mixed-signal intensity on an axial T1-weighted image, the mass with the predominantly higher signal is shown in the center (Fig 2).On sagittal section scan, the MRI signal in the T2weighted sequence was lower in the peripheral zone with localized mixed-signal, whereas the counterparts of the center area had a slightly higher signal (Fig 3).No evidence of local or distant organs or lymph node metastasis was found.A transrectal biopsy of the prostate was inconclusive and demonstrated a fibrous lesion containing inflammatory cells without evidence of malignancy.
Benazepril plus Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide for Hypertension in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Kenneth Jamerson, Michael A. Weber, George L. Bakris, Björn Dahlöf, Bertram Pitt, Victor Shi, Allen Hester, Jitendra Gupte, Marjorie Gatlin, Eric J. Velazquez
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The optimal combination drug therapy for hypertension is not established, although current U.S. guidelines recommend inclusion of a diuretic. We hypothesized that treatment with the combination of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and a dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker would be more effective in reducing the rate of cardiovascular events than treatment with an ACE inhibitor plus a thiazide diuretic.In a randomized, double-blind trial, we assigned 11,506 patients with hypertension who were at high risk for cardiovascular events to receive treatment with either benazepril plus amlodipine or benazepril plus hydrochlorothiazide. The primary end point was the composite of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, hospitalization for angina, resuscitation after sudden cardiac arrest, and coronary revascularization.The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. The trial was terminated early after a mean follow-up of 36 months, when the boundary of the prespecified stopping rule was exceeded. Mean blood pressures after dose adjustment were 131.6/73.3 mm Hg in the benazepril-amlodipine group and 132.5/74.4 mm Hg in the benazepril-hydrochlorothiazide group. There were 552 primary-outcome events in the benazepril-amlodipine group (9.6%) and 679 in the benazepril-hydrochlorothiazide group (11.8%), representing an absolute risk reduction with benazepril-amlodipine therapy of 2.2% and a relative risk reduction of 19.6% (hazard ratio, 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 0.90; P<0.001). For the secondary end point of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke, the hazard ratio was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.92; P=0.002). Rates of adverse events were consistent with those observed from clinical experience with the study drugs.The benazepril-amlodipine combination was superior to the benazepril-hydrochlorothiazide combination in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension who were at high risk for such events. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00170950.)
Observations on the Serum Reaction in Typhoid Fever and Experimental Cholera by the Dried Blood Method
Authors: W. Johnston, D. D. McTaggart
Journal: BMJ (1896)

The night was a restless one, with some snatches of sleep of varying length, but I arose with ease at the usual hour, feeling not much the worse for my late experiences, and not at all sleepy.There remained a sense of fulness in the head, but no other reminder.I partook of my usual breakfast with ordinary relish.The preparation had a disagreeable nauseous taste, with suggestion of pungency.
THE CONCEPT OF PSYCHIC DETERMINISM
Authors: RONALD W. ANGEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

Psychic determinism is a basic tenet of psychoanalysis. It is commonly defined as an application of the causality principle to psychic occurrences. Causality, however, is no longer accepted as a basic postulate in the advanced physical sciences. This dilemma is recognized by the psychoanalysts, who nevertheless would prefer to retain a deterministic point of view. Psychic determinism may be defined without reference to causality, by using the mathematical concept of a function. Whether or not the psyche is a deterministic system, in the mathematical sense, cannot be decided in the present state of our knowledge. Regardless of the definition chosen, psychic determinism is best regarded as a working hypothesis, which cannot be established on a priori grounds.