tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of hidden allergens within foods
Authors: G. M. Brett, V. J. Bull, M. R. A. Morgan
Journal: Allergy (1998)

The problem of the detection of "hidden" allergens in food is a major concern for both the industry and consumers at present. The production of specific antibodies against two such food components, peanut and sesame, is described. Immunoassays are presently the method of choice for detection and identification of a wide range of food components, and ELISAs (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) for both peanut and sesame have been set up. Who might use such assays for maximum benefit, and in what format they should be provided, are key questions for food analysts, and the issues are discussed.
Podiatry, a Needed Dimension in Medical Care
Authors: Donald C. Helms
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

It is clear that the practice of podiatric medicine is becoming better understood by the physicians of this nation. Within the thoughtful and detailed article by Podell, "Issues in the Organization of Medical Care: An illustrative case study — podiatry in the United States," many of the repeated inquiries referring to the manner in which podiatry should be practiced have been carefully presented. The lack of interpersonal and interprofessional communication has hampered earlier podiatric involvement and growth in the nation's health-care systems and institutions. It is hoped that other specialty groups will learn through the experience of podiatry, so that . . .
Cytogenetic studies in a patient with porokeratosis of Mibelli, multiple cancers and a forme fruste of Werner's syndrome
Authors: H. MACHINO, Y. MIKI, T. TERAMOTO, S. SHIRAISHI, M.S. SASAKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

A 49‐year‐old man with extensive porokeratosis of Mibelli (PM) developed a squamous cell carcinoma and several carcinomas‐in‐situ within the lesional skin. The patient also had diabetes mellitus and a short stature with a prematurely aged appearance. The patient's father and two siblings also had PM. The patient died from metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, and at autopsy an adenocarcinoma of the descending colon was also found. Fibroblasts cultured from both the PM‐affected and unaffected skin showed chromosomal abnormalities and a decreased lifespan. Cellular sensitivity to ultraviolet rays measured by unscheduled DNA synthesis and colony‐forming ability were within normal limits. An association with a forme fruste of Werner's syndrome was suspected.
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells are unresponsive to bacterial stimulation and require a novel type of cooperation with myeloid dendritic cells for maturation
Authors: Diego Piccioli, Chiara Sammicheli, Simona Tavarini, Sandra Nuti, Elisabetta Frigimelica, Andrea G.O. Manetti, Annalisa Nuccitelli, Susanna Aprea, Sara Valentini, Erica Borgogni, Andreas Wack, Nicholas M. Valiante
Journal: Blood (2009)
New mental health bill may conflict with advice from the GMC
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Background</h3> Despite a number of known health hazards of welding fume exposure, it is unclear how exposure affects the human metabolome. <h3>Objective</h3> We assessed the metabolic profiles of welders before and after a 6-hour welding shift, controlling for circadian rhythm of metabolism on a non-welding day. <h3>Methods</h3> Welders were recruited from a training centre in Quincy, Massachusetts, in 2006 and 2010–2012 and donated blood samples on a welding shift day before and after work, as well as on a non-welding day spent in an adjacent classroom. In total, we collected 509 samples from 74 participants. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry quantified 665 metabolites from thawed plasmas. Metabolites with significant time (afternoon compared with morning) and day (welding/classroom) interactions were identified by two-way analysis of variance, and the overnight changes were evaluated. <h3>Results</h3> Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and sphingasine 1-phosphate (SA1P) exhibited significant interaction effects between day and time with false discovery rate-adjusted p values of 0.03 and &lt;0.01, respectively. S1P, SA1P and sphingosine shared similar trends over time: high relative levels in the morning of a non-welding day declining by afternoon, but with lower starting levels on a welding day and no decline. There was no obvious pattern related to current smoking status. <h3>Conclusion</h3> S1P and SA1P profiles were different between welding day and classroom day. The S1P pathway was disrupted on the day of welding exposure. The levels of S1P, SA1P and sphingosine were highly correlated over time. S1P is a signalling lipid with many vital roles; thus, the underlying mechanism and clinical implications of this alteration need further investigation.
Signaling pathways in insulin action: molecular targets of insulin resistance
Authors: Jeffrey E. Pessin, Alan R. Saltiel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

On diabetes: insulin resistanceInsulin is the most potent anabolic hormone known and is essential for appropriate tissue development, growth, and maintenance of whole-body glucose homeostasis.This hormone is secreted by the β cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in response to increased circulating levels of glucose and amino acids after a meal.Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis at many sites, reducing hepatic glucose output (via decreased gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis) and increasing the rate of glucose uptake, primarily into striated muscle and adipose tissue.In muscle and fat cells, the clearance of circulating glucose depends on the insulin-stimulated translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 isoform to the cell surface (see Shulman, this Perspective series, ref. 1).Insulin also profoundly affects lipid metabolism, increasing lipid synthesis in liver and fat cells, and attenuating fatty acid release from triglycerides in fat and muscle.Insulin resistance occurs when normal circulating concentrations of the hormone are insufficient to regulate these processes appropriately.Thus, by definition, insulin resistance is a defect in signal transduction.The signaling mechanisms involved in the various biologic responses to insulin remain somewhat elusive, but recent progress has shed light on a few pathways that are critical for its regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.Although insulin affects such diverse processes as cellular growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and lipid, protein, and glucose synthesis and breakdown, we focus here on the regulation of glucose transport as the ratelimiting step in glucose utilization and storage.
Dilated cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and the bioptome: Author's reply
Authors: E G J Olsen
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>Background</h3> Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a significant healthcare burden since it is the primary cause of chronic kidney in children. CNVs represent a recurrent molecular cause of CAKUT but the culprit gene remains often elusive. Our study aimed to define the gene responsible for CAKUT in patients with an 1q23.3q24.1 microdeletion. <h3>Methods</h3> We describe eight patients presenting with CAKUT carrying an 1q23.3q24.1 microdeletion as identified by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). Clinical features were collected, especially the renal and urinary tract phenotype, and extrarenal features. We characterised <i>PBX1</i> expression and localisation in fetal and adult kidneys using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. <h3>Results</h3> We defined a 276-kb minimal common region (MCR) that only overlaps with the <i>PBX1</i> gene. All eight patients presented with syndromic CAKUT. CAKUT were mostly bilateral renal hypoplasia (75%). The most frequent extrarenal symptoms were developmental delay and ear malformations. We demonstrate that <i>PBX1</i> is strongly expressed in fetal kidneys and brain and expression levels decreased in adult samples. In control fetal kidneys, PBX1 was localised in nuclei of medullary, interstitial and mesenchymal cells, whereas it was present in endothelial cells in adult kidneys. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results indicate that <i>PBX1</i> haploinsufficiency leads to syndromic CAKUT as supported by the <i>Pbx1</i>-null mice model. Correct PBX1 dosage appears to be critical for normal nephrogenesis and seems important for brain development in humans. CMA should be recommended in cases of fetal renal anomalies to improve genetic counselling and pregnancy management.
Recognition of an extensive range of IgE‐reactive proteins in cod extract
Authors: D. Dory, C. Chopin, I. Aimone‐Gastin, J. L. Gueant, L. Guerin, J. Sainte‐Laudy, D. A. Moneret‐Vautrin, J. Fleurence
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Allergy to fish is one of the most common food allergies. Gad c 1 is the only fish allergen which has been purified and characterized. Other allergens have been detected by Western blot in cod extracts. We have now improved the Western-blot procedure in order to characterize fish IgE-reactive proteins from extracts prepared under different conditions: pre-rigor mortis and post-rigor mortis, EDTA addition or not, and DEAE ion-exchange chromatography. Several IgE-reactive protein bands have been identified over a wide molecular-weight range. In particular, the 104- and 130-kDa IgE-reactive protein bands were detected. These new bands may correspond to aggregates, as EDTA increased the relative amount of the 60-, 67-, 104-, and 130-kDa IgE-reactive protein bands in Western blot. All these bands were also detected by antiparvalbumin monoclonal antibody, specific to the first calcium-binding site. The longer period of storage increased the relative amounts of the 41-, 80-, 104-, and 130-kDa IgE-reactive protein bands. The 18-kDa band was detected only in fish stored for several days. In conclusion, we have described IgE-reactive protein bands over a wide molecular-weight range (12-130 kDa) in Western blot of cod extract, and shown that EDTA and storage conditions may influence the relative distribution of IgE-reactive protein bands.
Influence of physical inactivity on the prevalence of hay fever
Authors: Y. Kohlhammer, A. Zutavern, P. Rzehak, G. Woelke, J. Heinrich
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Atopic diseases constitute a major public health problem, increasing constantly in frequency and severity. While treatments are improving, the main cause for an increasing trend of hay fever and its definite triggers remain unclear. The aim of our study was to assess whether physical inactivity could be a risk factor for hay fever.We analysed data of a cohort of children aged 5-14 years at baseline (1992-1993) who were followed up until 2003-2005. Parental-reported information on physical activity (being active, doing sports) was obtained for 2429 children participating at the baseline survey (active: n = 1923; semi-active: n = 364; inactive: n = 142). A total of 1703 children (70.1%) were reapproached at least once during follow-up. Logistic regression models were applied to study associations between hay fever, allergic sensitization and physical activity, adjusted for potentially relevant confounders such as age, gender, study site, parental education, breastfeeding, crowding, daycare, dampness or visible moulds, contact to cats, current or prior environmental tobacco smoke exposure and parental atopy.Significantly higher rates of hay fever were seen for inactive children [aOR 2.39 (95% CI 1.31-4.36) for baseline survey 1992-1993 and aOR 1.76 (95% CI 1.14-2.71) for the follow-up-period until 2005]. In addition, the relative risk of incident cases of hay fever increased depending on inactivity [aRR 1.50 (95% CI 1.05-2.13)]. No association was found between physical inactivity and allergic sensitization assessed by radioallergosorbent test determinations.Although the underlying biological mechanisms could not be clarified, increasing physical activity in childhood is suggested to prevent hay fever.
Notes of a Case of Empyema: Thoracentesis: Albuminous Expectoration
Authors: D. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1876)

July 22, 187& will at once indicate the absorption of poisonous matter; and imme- diate removal of the cause of the mischief is necessary.In these cases, wvhere a free vent for the pus is imperative, and where the ill effects of decomposition in the pleura have been manifested, we have had to decide between two evils: the evil of letting the patient alone, and the evil of adopting a mode of treatment that is disturbing and exhausting to him, and a source of irritation, and probably of in- creased suppuration as regards the pleura itself.As, however, the for- mer evil is by far the greater, we have had to put up with the latter.The problem is, therefore, set before its: How can we allow free exit to discharges, and, at the same time, prevent decomposition in the pleura ?I believe that Professor Lister has found the solution of this problem for us in his antiseptic method.To return to the case I have brought before you.Within three months more than ten pints of pus had Been withdrawn from the chest, and the rapid reaccumulation of fluid, together with the onset of hectic, made it evident that there was no tendency to that speedy cure of em- pyema that sometimes takes place in children.The drainage-tube was then inserted antiseptically, and the details of the after-treatment were carefully carried out.The discharge, at first profuse,'rapidlydiminished, and in about two months the boy was practically cured.His general condition had, meanwhile, undergone the most marked improvement.There was no decomposition of the pus throughout.What amount of disturbance did the treatment entail upon the patient?Simply the removal of the old dressings under the spray, and the substitution of fresh.No pain was given to the patient; at no time was it necessary to use any injections into the cavity, and there was no evidence of any irritation of the pleura.Thus the physical and moral disturbance of the patient was reduced to a minimum.Contrast this with the treatment by injections'that I have before de- scribed, and the result is surely favourable to the antiseptic method.Again, whilst the injections have to be persevered in once or twice every day, the intervals between the antiseptic dressings gradually lengthen as the discharge decreases; at first, the dressings must be re- newed twice a day, soon only once, then every other day, then once in two, three, or four days.The frequent repetition of iqtjections is unavoidable, owing to the rapidity of diecoompositiot; whilst the anti- * Read before the Glasgow Medico-Chirurgical Society.t A chart, showing Lhe temperature, pulse, and general course of the case, was handed round in the society.
THE MOTOR DEGENERATIVE SEQUENCE IN DEMENTIA.
Authors: H. A. TOMLINSON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In the infant pantomime plays the principal part in expression, and as the child grows older this pantomime becomes more complicated and graphic; especially in so far as the movement of the eyes, the muscles of the face and of the arms is concerned; so that the impressions from the environment and the emotions involved are reflected in these movements. In those individuals who are born blind, this association of pantomime with the afterward acquired vocal or graphic means of expression persists, so that the muscles of expression reflect the emotions in any given form of mental activity. In the ordinary individual, however, these modes of expression are eliminated by education and the exigencies of social intercourse; which require the putting on a mask that shall conceal the effect of the conditions in the environment on the individual so far as they are emotional. Therefore, as the result of training
The Value of Thallium-201 Imaging
Authors: G M Pohost, M J Henzlova
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Myocardial perfusion imaging with thallium-201 has been used to improve detection and risk stratification in ischemic heart disease. Thallium-201 is administered intravenously as a monovalent cation during peak exercise, during the infusion of the coronary vasodilating agent dipyridamole (or possibly adenosine), or at rest in patients with unstable angina. Like potassium, intravenously injected thallium is efficiently extracted by viable myocardium; thus, its initial distribution is related to myocardial perfusion and viability. Imaging is performed with widely available gamma cameras: either a stationary type for planar or two-dimensional imaging or a rotational type for single-photon-emission computed tomography or tomographic imaging.The . . .
Hepatic metabolism of free fatty acids in normal and diabetic dogs
Authors: Laurence V. Basso, Richard J. Havel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Fasted dogs prepared with catheters in the femoral artery, portal vein, and hepatic vein and infused intravenously with palmitate-1-(14)C were used to estimate uptake of free fatty acids in liver and their conversion to major metabolic products secreted into hepatic venous blood. Animals were studied under ordinary conditions and when fat mobilization was increased abruptly by infusing norepinephrine or for a prolonged period by withdrawing insulin from depancreatized dogs. 80% of hepatic blood flow was assumed to be derived from the portal vein. Hepatic uptake was proportional to net outflow transport of plasma free fatty acids in the three groups and, in each, hepatic extraction fraction was about 25%. Since specific activity of free fatty acids entering and leaving the liver was equal and their composition was closely similar in the three sites sampled, it was concluded that palmitate is a representative tracer for free fatty acids entering the liver and that the liver does not release free fatty acids into the blood. In norepinephrine-infused dogs, the fraction of free fatty acids secreted in triglycerides (13%) was similar to that of control animals, so that transport of triglycerides was increased. In diabetic dogs no increased transport could be demonstrated since an average of only 2% of free fatty acids was converted to plasma triglyceride fatty acids; the hyperlipemia uniformly observed therefore appeared to result from defective removal of triglycerides from the blood.A similar fraction of free fatty acids was converted to ketones in normal and norepinephrine-infused dogs. This fraction was somewhat higher in diabetic animals and, in addition, a substantial quantity of ketones was derived from unlabeled precursors. Fractional conversion of free fatty acids to CO(2) was similar in normal and norepinephrine-infused dogs, but reduced in the diabetics.
Childhood obesity in Canada has tripled in past 20 years
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Rates of childhood obesity in Canada have almost tripled over the past 20 years, says a report on health services in 2001 from the Canadian Institute for Health Information.

The prevalence of obesity among 7 to 13 year olds rose from 5% in 1981 to 17% in 1996 for boys and 15% for girls. Canadian children are considerably more likely to be overweight than their English, Scottish, and Spanish peers, says Health Care in Canada 2000. 

Another, more recently published research paper from the …
Abstract 45: The clinical significance of CD163 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent curative resection
Authors: Sun Hui-Chuan, Ling-Qun Kong, Xiao-Dong Zhu, Zong-Tao Chai, Zhao-You Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background We have found that the abundance of peritumoral CD68+ macrophages was associated with patients’ prognosis after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of the pro-tumoral or tumoricidal macrophages is still not clear. Methods In this study, the clinical significance of immunostaining of CD163, a marker of alternatively activated macrophages (M2), in tumor and peritumoral liver tissue from a cohort of 295 Chinese HCC patients who underwent curative resection was evaluated and compared with that of the immunostaining of CD68. The clinical significance of soluble form of CD163 (sCD163) in peripheral blood was also evaluated in another cohort of 107 HCC patients. Results The count of CD163+ cells was well correlated with and much higher than that of CD68+ cells in both tumors and peritumoral liver tissues respectively, which was consistent with the observation from immunostaining by CD68 or CD163 antibody on the consecutive sections. Patients with a higher count of peritumoral CD68+ cells was associated with poor recurrence-free survival and overall survival (P = 0.004 and, P = 0.001, respectively), whereas the counts of tumor and peritumoral CD163+ cells did not. Plasma sCD163 level was associated with active hepatitis-related factors (e.g. serum alanine aminotransferase, serum aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and serum alkaline phosphatase). Conclusions CD163+ cell count is of limited significance to predict patients’ prognosis in HCC. Plasma sCD163 was more likely a factor related with active hepatitis rather than tumor related features. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 45. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-45
Approaches to somatisation.
Authors: M. Porter, D. Gorman
Journal: BMJ (1989)

monious and embarrassing confrontation is often avoided by further investigations and specialist referrals.Despite the antipathy doctors often express towards chronic somatisers medical care may become a valued source of social support; when it does the patient is often not seeking relief of physical symptoms but using them instead to gain the interest and empathy of the doctor.'8 19 The recent theoretical shift towards viewing somatisation as a process rather than a category has led to greater optimism in prevention and treatment. 1920 Kaiser-Permanente, an American health maintenance organisation has claimed, however, that the "over utilisation of primary care physicians by somatising patients" could bankrupt the "health care financing system."'9There is evidence that such patients can be helped, while at the same time reducing health costs.20The National Health Service could benefit greatly from a modest programme of clinical and operational research in this neglected area.
MECHANISMS OF ACTIVATION OF C'1 ESTERASE IN HEREDITARY ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA PLASMA IN VITRO
Authors: Virginia H. Donaldson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

The generation of C'1 esterase activity in siliconed plasma obtained from individuals with hereditary angioneurotic edema in remission tends to occur spontaneously, but can be hastened during its incubation with preparations of activated Hageman factor. This effect of activated Hageman factor could not be shown during its incubation with normal siliconed plasma, nor could consumption of normal serum inhibition of C'1 esterase be clearly shown. Soy bean trypsin inhibitor and heparin could impair this enhanced generation of C'1 esterase but neither inhibits the esterolytic function of C'1 esterase once formed. Trasylol was less effective in blocking this effect of activated Hageman factor. While the mechanism of the effect of activated Hageman factor upon C'1 activation remains obscure, it is apparent that some intermediate steps, possibly involving a kinin-forming system of plasma, may play a role.
Update in Lung Transplantation 2013
Authors: Jamie L. Todd, Jason D. Christie, Scott M. Palmer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Research in pulmonary transplantation is actively evolving in quality and scope to meet the challenges of a growing population of lung allograft recipients. In 2013, research groups leveraged large publicly available datasets in addition to multicenter research networks and single-center studies to make significant contributions to our knowledge and clinical care in the areas of donor use, clinical transplant outcomes, mechanisms of rejection, infectious complications, and chronic allograft dysfunction.