tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of resistance training in a regional Australian population: Table 1
Authors: B Humphries, M J Duncan, W K Mummery
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

The core components of physical activity, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, balance and flexibility can provide many health benefits and potentially slow declines associated with aging. Aerobic exercise message to the public has been widely promoted by national health authorities, although the promotion of resistance training has received far less attention.In this research, the prevalence of resistance training in a sample of adults living in regional Australia was primarily assessed.A computer-assisted telephone interview survey (n=1230) was conducted by the Population Research Laboratory at Central Queensland University on Queensland adults in October to November 2006. Respondents were asked to report the frequency with which they engaged in resistance training.Respondents were 18 years or older that could be contacted by direct-dialled, land-based telephone service. A telephone database using a computer program to select, with replacement, a simple random sample of phone numbers selected respondents.Almost 14% of the population did some form of gym-based resistance training in the week before the survey. There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in participation levels with age. Participation was highest amongst the youngest 18-34-year-olds (23.8%), steadily declining with age to a low of 7% in the 55 years and older age group. There was no significant association between sexes and participation in resistance training.The findings underscore the need to increase overall education on the benefits of resistance training with an emphasis among targeted adult populations to increase participation in resistance training.
Alterations to the bronchial and bronchiolar surfaces of adult mice after exposure to high concentrations of oxygen.
Authors: H Obara, M Sekimoto, S Iwai
Journal: Thorax (1979)

We have studied the effects of inhalation of 95 to 100% oxygen on the surface morphology of the bronchi and bronchioles of adult mice, using scanning electron microscopy. Denudation of cilia and truncation of the remaining cilia were commonly observed during high oxygen exposure. Bleb formation, a "moth-eaten" appearance of the non-ciliated cell surface and desquamation of unidentified cells were present in the bronchus after 96 hours of oxygen exposure. Deformation of non-ciliated cells, denudation of cilia, and flattening of the luminal surface were also seen in the bronchiole. For studying the recovery process from acute oxygen damage, we returned mice to room air after four days of high oxygen inhalation and killed them four, seven and 15 days after. There were more variable and complex changes of surface morphology in individual mice during the recovery phase. We observed flattening of the epithelial surface in the bronchiole and bronchus, and noticed that deformation of non-ciliated cells were seen even after 15 days. High oxygen inhalation causes severe morphological changes in the bronchial and bronchiolar mucosa, and those morphological lesions remain for at least two weeks after cessation of oxygen inhalation.
An environmental signature for 323 microbial genomes based on codon adaptation indices.
Authors: Hanni Willenbrock, Carsten Friis, Agnieszka S Juncker, David W Ussery
Journal: Genome biology (2006)

Abstract Background Codon adaptation indices (CAIs) represent an evolutionary strategy to modulate gene expression and have widely been used to predict potentially highly expressed genes within microbial genomes. Here, we evaluate and compare two very different methods for estimating CAI values, one corresponding to translational codon usage bias and the second obtained mathematically by searching for the most dominant codon bias. Results The level of correlation between these two CAI methods is a simple and intuitive measure of the degree of translational bias in an organism, and from this we confirm that fast replicating bacteria are more likely to have a dominant translational codon usage bias than are slow replicating bacteria, and that this translational codon usage bias may be used for prediction of highly expressed genes. By analyzing more than 300 bacterial genomes, as well as five fungal genomes, we show that codon usage preference provides an environmental signature by which it is possible to group bacteria according to their lifestyle, for instance soil bacteria and soil symbionts, spore formers, enteric bacteria, aquatic bacteria, and intercellular and extracellular pathogens. Conclusion The results and the approach described here may be used to acquire new knowledge regarding species lifestyle and to elucidate relationships between organisms that are far apart evolutionarily.
Developmental Fluoride Neurotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Anna L. Choi, Guifan Sun, Ying Zhang, Philippe Grandjean
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Although fluoride may cause neurotoxicity in animal models and acute fluoride poisoning causes neurotoxicity in adults, very little is known of its effects on children's neurodevelopment.We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to investigate the effects of increased fluoride exposure and delayed neurobehavioral development.We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Water Resources Abstracts, and TOXNET databases through 2011 for eligible studies. We also searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, because many studies on fluoride neurotoxicity have been published in Chinese journals only. In total, we identified 27 eligible epidemiological studies with high and reference exposures, end points of IQ scores, or related cognitive function measures with means and variances for the two exposure groups. Using random-effects models, we estimated the standardized mean difference between exposed and reference groups across all studies. We conducted sensitivity analyses restricted to studies using the same outcome assessment and having drinking-water fluoride as the only exposure. We performed the Cochran test for heterogeneity between studies, Begg's funnel plot, and Egger test to assess publication bias, and conducted meta-regressions to explore sources of variation in mean differences among the studies.The standardized weighted mean difference in IQ score between exposed and reference populations was -0.45 (95% confidence interval: -0.56, -0.35) using a random-effects model. Thus, children in high-fluoride areas had significantly lower IQ scores than those who lived in low-fluoride areas. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses also indicated inverse associations, although the substantial heterogeneity did not appear to decrease.The results support the possibility of an adverse effect of high fluoride exposure on children's neurodevelopment. Future research should include detailed individual-level information on prenatal exposure, neurobehavioral performance, and covariates for adjustment.
Therapeutic Inflammatory Monocyte Modulation Using Immune-Modifying Microparticles
Authors: Daniel R. Getts, Rachael L. Terry, Meghann Teague Getts, Celine Deffrasnes, Marcus Müller, Caryn van Vreden, Thomas M. Ashhurst, Belal Chami, Derrick McCarthy, Huiling Wu, Jin Ma, Aaron Martin, Lonnie D. Shae, Paul Witting, Geoffrey S. Kansas, Joachim Kühn, Wali Hafezi, Iain L. Campbell, David Reilly, Jana Say, Louise Brown, Melanie Y. White, Stuart J. Cordwell, Steven J. Chadban, Edward B. Thorp, Shisan Bao, Stephen D. Miller, Nicholas J. C. King
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Negatively charged immune-modifying microparticles bind to the scavenger receptor MARCO on inflammatory monocytes, resulting in their apoptosis and reduced inflammatory damage in a range of diseases.
Randomised controlled trial of montelukast plus inhaled budesonide versus double dose inhaled budesonide in adult patients with asthma
Authors: D B Price
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) affect many inflammatory pathways in asthma but have little impact on cysteinyl leukotrienes. This may partly explain persistent airway inflammation during chronic ICS treatment and failure to achieve adequate asthma control in some patients. This double blind, randomised, parallel group, non-inferiority, multicentre 16 week study compared the clinical benefits of adding montelukast to budesonide with doubling the budesonide dose in adults with asthma.After a 1 month single blind run in period, patients inadequately controlled on inhaled budesonide (800 microg/day) were randomised to receive montelukast 10 mg + inhaled budesonide 800 microg/day (n=448) or budesonide 1600 microg/day (n=441) for 12 weeks.Both groups showed progressive improvement in several measures of asthma control compared with baseline. Mean morning peak expiratory flow (AM PEF) improved similarly in the last 10 weeks of treatment compared with baseline in both the montelukast + budesonide group and in the double dose budesonide group (33.5 v 30.1 l/min). During days 1-3 after start of treatment, the change in AM PEF from baseline was significantly greater in the montelukast + budesonide group than in the double dose budesonide group (20.1 v 9.6 l/min, p<0.001), indicating faster onset of action in the montelukast group. Both groups showed similar improvements with respect to "as needed" beta agonist use, mean daytime symptom score, nocturnal awakenings, exacerbations, asthma free days, peripheral eosinophil counts, and asthma specific quality of life. Both montelukast + budesonide and double dose budesonide were generally well tolerated.The addition of montelukast to inhaled budesonide is an effective and well tolerated alternative to doubling the dose of inhaled budesonide in adult asthma patients experiencing symptoms and inadequate control on budesonide alone.
Which Hospice Patients With Cancer Are Able to Die in the Setting of Their Choice? Results of a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Neha Jeurkar, Sue Farrington, Teresa R. Craig, Julie Slattery, Joan K. Harrold, Betty Oldanie, Joan M. Teno, David J. Casarett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

To determine which hospice patients with cancer prefer to die at home and to define factors associated with an increased likelihood of dying at home.An electronic health record-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in three hospice programs in Florida, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. Main measures included preferred versus actual site of death.Of 7,391 patients, preferences regarding place of death were determined at admission for 5,837 (79%). After adjusting for other characteristics, patients who preferred to die at home were more likely to die at home (adjusted proportions, 56.5% v 37.0%; odds ratio [OR], 2.21; 95% CI, 1.77 to 2.76). Among those patients (n = 3,152) who preferred to die at home, in a multivariable logistic regression model, patients were more likely to die at home if they had at least one visit per day in the first 4 days of hospice care (adjusted proportions, 61% v 54%; OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.41), if they were married (63% v 54%; OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.44), and if they had an advance directive (65% v 50%; OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.65). Patients with moderate or severe pain were less likely to die at home (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.64), as were patients with better functional status (higher Palliative Performance Scale score: < 40, 64.8%; 40 to 70, 50.2%; OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.93; > 70, 40.5%; OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.82).Increased hospice visit frequency may increase the likelihood of patients being able to die in the setting of their choice.
Cells Expressing Early Cardiac Markers Reside in the Bone Marrow and Are Mobilized Into the Peripheral Blood After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Magda Kucia, Buddhadeb Dawn, Greg Hunt, Yiru Guo, Marcin Wysoczynski, Marcin Majka, Janina Ratajczak, Francine Rezzoug, Suzanne T. Ildstad, Roberto Bolli, Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

The concept that bone marrow (BM)-derived cells participate in cardiac regeneration remains highly controversial and the identity of the specific cell type(s) involved remains unknown. In this study, we report that the postnatal BM contains a mobile pool of cells that express early cardiac lineage markers (Nkx2.5/Csx, GATA-4, and MEF2C). These cells are present in significant amounts in BM harvested from young mice but their abundance decreases with age; in addition, the responsiveness of these cells to gradients of motomorphogens SDF-1, HGF, and LIF changes with age. FACS analysis, combined with analysis of early cardiac markers at the mRNA and protein levels, revealed that cells expressing these markers reside in the nonadherent, nonhematopoietic CXCR4+/Sca-1+/lin-/CD45- mononuclear cell (MNC) fraction in mice and in the CXCR4+/CD34+/AC133+/CD45- BMMNC fraction in humans. These cells are mobilized into the peripheral blood after myocardial infarction and chemoattracted to the infarcted myocardium in an SDF-1-CXCR4-, HGF-c-Met-, and LIF-LIF-R-dependent manner. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that the postnatal BM harbors a nonhematopoietic population of cells that express markers for cardiac differentiation. We propose that these potential cardiac progenitors may account for the myocardial regenerative effects of BM. The present findings provide a novel paradigm that could reconcile current controversies and a rationale for investigating the use of BM-derived cardiac progenitors for myocardial regeneration.
Differences in Breast Cancer Risk Factors According to the Estrogen Receptor Level of the Tumor&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Nancy G. Hildreth, Jennifer L. Kelsey, Arnold J. Eisenfeld, Virginia A. LiVolsi, Theodore R. Holford
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

One hundred and forty-eight postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 585 postmenopausal controls were included in an investigation of whether various risk factors for breast cancer are associated with the level of estrogen (E) receptor (ER) protein in the tumor. In an intracase analysis, the tumor ER level was positively associated with nulliparity, late age at first live birth, a history of benign breast disease, and having breast-fed at least 1 child and was negatively associated with previous use of E replacement therapy. A case-control analysis suggested that the first three variables, established risk factors for breast cancer, are associated with an increased risk for malignant breast tumors that are ER-positive but not for those that are ER-negative. This analysis did not provide a clear interpretation of the findings in the intracase comparisons with regard to prior breast-feeding and the use of E replacement therapy.
Staff concerns at Mid Staffordshire trust were "lost in a black hole"
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Safety concerns raised by clinical staff, including the submission of several hundred incident report forms at the troubled Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust, were either “lost in a black hole” or ignored, a panel of MPs has been told.

A highly critical report by former regulator, the Healthcare Commission, in March, concluded that the lack of staff and equipment at the trust made emergency care there unsafe ( BMJ 2009;338:b1141, doi:10.1136/bmj.b1141).

Witnesses at an evidence session of the parliamentary health select committee’s inquiry into patient safety on 3 June were asked what staff had done to raise the alarm through official channels about the extent …
Skin Intrinsic Fluorescence Correlates With Autonomic and Distal Symmetrical Polyneuropathy in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Baqiyyah N. Conway, Vanita R. Aroda, John D. Maynard, Nathaniel Matter, Stephen Fernandez, Robert E. Ratner, Trevor J. Orchard
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF) was associated with autonomic neuropathy and confirmed distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (CDSP) in 111 individuals with type 1 diabetes (mean age 49 years, mean diabetes duration 40 years). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS SIF was measured using the SCOUT DM device. Autonomic neuropathy was defined as an electrocardiographic abnormal heart rate response to deep breathing (expiration-to-inspiration ratio &amp;lt;1.1). CDSP was defined using the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial clinical exam protocol (the presence of two or more of the following: symptoms, sensory and/or motor signs, and/or reduced/absent tendon reflexes consistent with DSP) confirmed by the presence of an abnormal age-specific vibratory threshold (using a Vibratron II tester). RESULTS The prevalence of autonomic neuropathy and CDSP were 61 and 66%, respectively. SIF was higher in those with autonomic neuropathy (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In multivariable analyses controlling for age and updated mean (18-year average) HbA1c, and allowing for other univariately and clinically significant correlates of autonomic neuropathy, each SD change in SIF was associated with a 2.6-greater likelihood of autonomic neuropathy (P = 0.006). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed that SIF and updated mean HbA1c accounted for 80 and 57%, respectively, of the area under the curve (AUC) for autonomic neuropathy. SIF also was higher in those with CDSP (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and remained so in multivariable analyses (odds ratio 2.70; P = 0.005). ROC analyses revealed that SIF and updated mean HbA1c accounted for 78 and 59%, respectively, of the AUC for CDSP. CONCLUSIONS SIF, a marker of dermal advanced glycation end products, appears to be more strongly associated with the presence of both CDSP and autonomic neuropathy than mean HbA1c.
Abstract 4266: Identification of gene expression profiles associated with different types of breast adipose and their relationship to tumorigenesis
Authors: Lori A. Field, Brenda Deyarmin, Ryan van Laar, Craig Shriver, Rachel E. Ellsworth
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Research over the past decade has shown the importance of the stroma in tumorigenesis, however, having long been thought to function only as an inert energy storage depot, the role of adipose tissue in tumorigenesis has been largely ignored. Improved understanding of the role of adipose in tumorigenesis is crucial given the increasing rates of obesity and the use of autologous fat transfer in breast reconstruction. Methods: Adipose, adjacent to and distant from invasive breast tumors, was laser microdissected from 20 post-menopausal women, and from 20 post-menopausal women with non-malignant breast disease. Gene expression data were generated using U133 2.0 microarrays. After quality control and visualization steps, the data were analyzed to identify significant patterns of differential expression between adipose classes, at the individual gene and molecular pathway level. Results: Pathway analysis revealed that immune response differs between non-malignant, distant and tumor adjacent adipose; this response is seen as a gradient with the largest response closest to the tumor. Gene expression differed significantly in adipose from invasive compared to non-malignant breasts with FCGR2A, FOLR2, LGMN, MARCO and NLRP3 expressed at significantly higher levels and HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DQA1 at significantly lower levels in adipose from invasive breasts. Within the invasive breasts, MMP9, PLA2G7, RRM2 and SPP1 were expressed at &amp;gt;3-fold higher levels in adjacent compared to distant adipose. Conclusions: Gene expression levels differ in breast adipose, depending on presence of or proximity to tumor cells. Adipose adjacent to the tumor demonstrated the largest immune response; this response may reflect a reaction to surgical insult from the original biopsy; however, response to surgical injury has been associated with increased ability to metastasize. In addition, within breasts with invasive breast cancer, genes involved in cellular proliferation, degradation of the extracellular matrix and angiogenesis were expressed at higher levels in adjacent compared to distant adipose. Together, these data suggest that adipose is not an inert component of the breast microenvironment but plays an active role in tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4266. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4266
Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia by Bronchopulmonary Lavage
Authors: W. Lawrence Drew
Journal: JAMA (1974)

We employed bronchopulmonary lavage to diagnose an infection with<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>in two patients with lymphoproliferative malignant lesions and thrombocytopenia. No complications were encountered. In both cases, ample alveolar material was obtained for the preparation of cytologic smears, cell blocks, and a full range of bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial, and viral cultures. (<i>JAMA</i>230:713-715, 1974)
<i>N</i> 1,<i>N</i>12-Diacetylspermine as a Sensitive and Specific Novel Marker for Early- and Late-Stage Colorectal and Breast Cancers
Authors: Kyoko Hiramatsu, Keiichi Takahashi, Taturo Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Hidenori Miyamoto, Souichi Tanaka, Chikako Tanaka, Yoshiko Tamamori, Mari Imajo, Masashi Kawaguchi, Masakazu Toi, Takeo Mori, Masao Kawakita
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: N 1,N12-diacetylspermine (DiAcSpm) in the urine of colorectal and breast cancer patients was examined to establish its usefulness as a novel diagnostic tool for detecting these cancers at clinically early stages. Experimental Design: Urine samples from 248 colon cancer patients and 83 breast cancer patients as well as 51 patients with benign gastrointestinal diseases treated in Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital during the period of August 1999 to January 2004 were collected. DiAcSpm was analyzed by ELISA and its sensitivity for malignant conditions was compared with that of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9, and CA15-3. Results: The sensitivity of urinary DiAcSpm for colon cancer patients (n = 248) was 75.8% (mean ± 2 SD for 52 healthy controls as a cutoff value), which was markedly higher than the sensitivities of serum CEA (39.5%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and CA19-9 (14.1%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). DiAcSpm was elevated in 60% of tumor-node-metastasis cancer stage 0 + I patients, whereas only 10% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and 5% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) of these patients were CEA- and CA19-9–positive, respectively. The sensitivity of urinary DiAcSpm for 83 cases of breast cancer (60.2%) was higher than the sensitivities of CEA (37.3%, P = 0.0032) and CA15-3 (37.3%, P = 0.0032). DiAcSpm was elevated in 28% of tumor-node-metastasis stage I + II patients, whereas only 3% (P = 0.0064) and 0% (P = 0.001) of these patients were CEA- and CA15-3–positive, respectively. Conclusion: The observations indicate that urinary DiAcSpm is a more sensitive marker than CEA, CA19-9, and CA15-3 and that it can efficiently detect colorectal and breast cancers at early stages.