tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A dimorphic blood film as a sign of the onset of iron‐deficient erythropoiesis in megaloblastic anemia
Authors: James Uprichard, Debra Dorling, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

A dimorphic blood film is an important clue to a diagnosis of congenital or acquired sideroblastic anemia. However there are other more common causes, including the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, and blood transfusion in patients with a hypochromic microcytic anemia. We should like to draw attention to another cause. A 37-year-old woman presented with dyspnea and was found to have a macrocytic anemia: hemoglobin concentration (Hb) 54 g/l and MCV 149.6 fl. White cell and platelet counts were normal. A blood film confirmed marked macrocytosis with an absence of polychromasia. The neutrophils demonstrated hypersegmentation with neutrophils having up to eight nuclear segments. Hematinic testing showed red cell folate below the limit of detection, a normal serum B12 of 261 pg/ml (normal range 211-911), a high serum iron of 44 μmol/l (normal range 11-32), high transferrin saturation of 92% and high serum ferritin of 567 ng/ml (normal range 10-154). Following eight days of oral folic acid, her Hb had risen to 62 g/l and MCV had fallen to 132 fl. Her blood film had become dimorphic (left) and an erythrocyte size histogram done by impedance technology now showed a bimodal distribution (right). Her serum iron and transferrin saturation had fallen to 9 μmol/l and 19% respectively without any change in the total iron-binding capacity. These findings confirmed the suspicion from the blood film and automated instrument graphs that there was now iron-deficient erythropoiesis, for which there are two possible explanations: restoration of effective erythropoiesis by folic acid supplementation could have rapidly used up all available storage iron and unmasked iron deficiency or, alternatively, there could be functional iron deficiency due to the strong erythropoietic drive, as is observed sometimes in renal dialysis patients treated with erythropoietin.
Teenage Helper: A Role in Community Mental Health
Authors: G. A. ROGENESS, R. A. BEDNAR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

To test the effect of being tutors on black, inner-city teenagers, the authors used high school students to tutor fourth- and fifth-grade children who had demonstrated behavior and personality problems in school. Tutoring took place in two schools and a mental health center. The tutors were evaluated on the basis of an interview, a sentence completion test, a questionnaire, and math and reading achievement tests before and after their involvement in the project. While many tutors showed improved achievement scores and most showed changed attitudes toward others, self, education, and the future, the degree of improvement appeared to depend on the structure of the tutoring program.
25-hydroxycholecalciferol stimulation of muscle metabolism.
Authors: S J Birge, J G Haddad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Intact diaphragms from vitamin D-deficient rats were incubated in vitro with [3H]leucine. Oral administration of 10 mug (400 U) of cholecalciferol 7 h before incubation increased leucine incorporation into diaphragm muscle protein by 136% (P less than 0.001) of the preparation from untreated animals. Nephrectomy did not obliterate this response. ATP content of the diaphragm muscle was also enhanced 7 h after administration of the vitamin. At 4 h after administration of cholecalciferol, serum phosphorus concentration was reduced by 0.7 mg/100 ml (P less than 0.025) and the rate of inorganic 32PO4 accumulation by diaphragm muscle was increased by 18% (P less than 0.025) over the untreated animals. Increasing serum phosphate concentration of the vitamin D-deficient animals by dietary supplementation with phosphate for 3 days failed to significantly enhance leucine incorporation into protein. However, supplementation of the rachitogenic, vitamin D-deficient diet with phosphorus for 3 wk stimulated the growth of the animal and muscle ATP levels. This increase in growth and muscle ATP content attributed to the addition of phosphorus to the diet was less than the increase in growth and muscle ATP levels achieved by the addition of both phosphorus and vitamin D to the diet. To eliminate systemic effects of the vitamin, the epitrochlear muscle of the rat foreleg of vitamin D-depleted rats was maintained in tissue culture. Addition of 20 ng/ml of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3) to the medium enhanced ATP content of the muscle and increased leucine incorporation into protein. Vitamin D3 at a concentration of 20 mug/ml and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3) at a concentration of 500 pg/ml were without effect. Analysis of muscle cytosol in sucrose density gradients revealed a protein fraction which specifically bound 25-OHD3 and which demonstrated a lesser affinity for 1,25-(OH)2D3. These studies suggest that 25-OHD3 may influence directly the intracellular accumulation of phosphate by muscle and thereby play an important role in the maintenance of muscle metabolism and function.
Precordial ST-segment mapping. 2. Effects of oxygen inhalation on ischemic injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: J E Madias, N E Madias, W B Hood
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Precordial ST-segment mapping was serially applied in the Coronary Care Unit for the study of the effect of oxygen inhalation on the ischemic injury in 17 patients with acute anterior transmural myocardial infarction. A 49-lead ECG system was used. The sum of all ST elevations (sigmaST) recorded was taken as an index of magnitude of ischemic injury and the number of recording sites showing ST elevation (NST) was taken as an index of extent of ischemic damage. Stability of the precordial maps was observed over a period of one hour while the patients were on ambient air. Oxygen inhalation for a mean of 66 min resutled in a fourfold increase of PaO2 and a mean of 16% reduction of both sigmaST and NST. When the patients were returned to ambient air breathing, a mean of 13% increase of sigmaST and 19% of NST from the levels recorded during oxygen inhalation were observed. Levels of sigmaST and NST on ambient air following discontinuation of oxygen inhalation were not significantly different from the corresponding values from maps recorded before onset of oxygen breathing. Blood pressure and heart rate remained unchanged throughout the study. Clinical status of the patients was unchanged during the study period save for two patients who showed changes in intensity of their chest pain.
Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Rubin M. Tuder, Irina Petrache
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

The current epidemic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has produced a worldwide health care burden, approaching that imposed by transmittable infectious diseases. COPD is a multidimensional disease, with varied intermediate and clinical phenotypes. This Review discusses the pathogenesis of COPD, with particular focus on emphysema, based on the concept that pulmonary injury involves stages of initiation (by exposure to cigarette smoke, pollutants, and infectious agents), progression, and consolidation. Tissue damage entails complex interactions among oxidative stress, inflammation, extracellular matrix proteolysis, and apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Lung damage by cigarette smoke ultimately leads to self-propagating processes, resulting in macromolecular and structural alterations - features similar to those seen in aging.
Suicide Mortality in the Maryland State Prison System, 1979 Through 1987
Authors: Marcel E. Salive
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Prisoners are reported to have a higher suicide rate than the community. We studied suicides in the Maryland prison system to determine the level of risk and risk factors for inmate suicide. There were 37 male inmate suicide deaths between 1979 and 1987 (39.6 suicides per 100 000 male inmates), which is significantly higher than the age- and race-adjusted male suicide rate in the general population of Maryland (22.0 per 100 000). Risk of male inmate suicide was increased for the following characteristics: white race (relative risk [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 3.9), age 25 to 34 years (RR, 1.8%; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.4), major crime committed against person (RR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.7 to 6.7), life sentence (RR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 10.0), and classification to the major maximum security institution in the prison system (RR, 5.1; 95% CI, 2.7 to 9.8). The methods of suicide chosen by inmates were hanging (86%), cutting wound (5%), antidepressant overdose (5%), and fall from height (3%), We conclude that inmate suicide represents a significant correctional health and public health problem. Specific implications for prevention of inmate suicide are examined. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:365-369)
904. High Efficiency Hepatic Transduction and Long-Term Transgene Expression by Delivering Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vectors into the Surgically Isolated Liver of Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Thomas Ng, David Iannitti, William Cioffi, Donna Palmer, Arthur Beaudet, Milton Finegold, Dee Carey, Philip Ng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
Immunosuppressive Drugs and the Risk of Cancer after Organ Transplantation
Authors: Jacques Dantal, Jean-Paul Soulillou
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Improvements in immunosuppressive therapy during the past decade have brought us closer to the day when long-term acceptance of organ allografts will be routine. These achievements, however, have run up against an important limitation: death of the recipient from cardiovascular disease, infection, and cancer.1 As compared with an age-matched healthy population or with patients undergoing dialysis, organ-transplant recipients have an increased incidence of cancer; one study found that after 20 years of immunosuppressive therapy, 40 percent of recipients had cancer.2 Further burdens are to be expected in an aging population of transplant recipients with well-functioning allografts.The causes of the . . .
307 HIGH PREVALENCE OF PRE-EXISTING ANTIBODIES AGAINST POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) IN HEPATITIS C (HCV) PATIENTS WHICH IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH IMPAIRED RESPONSE TO PEG-INTERFERON
Authors: H. Tillmann, N.J. Ganson, K. Patel, A.J. Thompson, M. Abdelmalek, T. Moody, J.G. McHutchison, M.S. Hershfield
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Involvement of endothelium and endothelin-1 in lead-induced smooth muscle cell dysfunction in rats
Authors: L. Molero, C. Carrasco, M. Marques, N.D. Vaziri, P.J. Mateos-Cáceres, S. Casado, C. Macaya, A. Barrientos, A.J. López-Farré
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Textbook of Physiology
Authors: Panayotis G. Iatridis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The<i>Textbook of Physiology</i>that has been edited by Patton, Fuchs, Hille, Scher, and Sherer is the 21st edition of the Ruch and Patton<i>Physiology and Biophysics</i>. The 20th edition of the latter was published in 1974 by the WB Saunders Company. The editors consider the current edition also to be the 21st edition of<i>Howell's Textbook of Physiology</i>. In it 59 contributors have participated. Of them, 43 are faculty members at the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, and only 16 are from other universities around the country. All but seven of the 59 are new contributors. Since 15 years have elapsed between the 20th and this edition, the 21st has been completely rewritten. There are, however, a number of figures that are the same. The first of the text's two volumes has seven sections and 35 chapters, beginning with the general aspects of excitable cells and neurophysiology.
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
Authors: John A. Oates, Alastair J.J. Wood, John E. Gerich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

ORAL hypoglycemic agents are commonly prescribed drugs. In the United States they account for about 1 percent of all prescriptions.1 This review discusses the pharmacology, mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, and recommended use of currently approved agents, as well as other agents that may become available in the near future.BackgroundDiabetes mellitus affects nearly 15 million people in the United States. About 15 percent have insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), which is believed to be caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells.2 In such patients, insulin therapy is essential for life. About 80 percent of patients have non-insulin-dependent . . .
The mesmiRizing complexity of microRNAs for striated muscle tissue engineering
Authors: Mattia Quattrocelli, Maurilio Sampaolesi
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2015)

microRNAs (miRs) are small non-protein-coding RNAs, able to post-transcriptionally regulate many genes and exert pleiotropic effects. Alteration of miR levels in tissues and in the circulation has been associated with various pathological and regenerative conditions. In this regard, tissue engineering of cardiac and skeletal muscles is a fascinating context for harnessing the complexity of miR-based circuitries and signals. In this review, we will focus on miR-driven regulation of cardiac and skeletal myogenic routes in homeostatic and challenging states. Furthermore, we will survey the intriguing perspective of exosomal and circulating miRs as novel paracrine players, potentially useful for current and future approaches of regenerative medicine for the striated muscles.
Depletion of STAT5 blocks TEL–SYK-induced APMF-type leukemia with myelofibrosis and myelodysplasia in mice
Authors: C Sprissler, D Belenki, H Maurer, K Aumann, D Pfeifer, C Klein, T A Müller, S Kissel, J Hülsdünker, J Alexandrovski, T Brummer, H Jumaa, J Duyster, C Dierks
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

The spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) was identified as an oncogenic driver in a broad spectrum of hematologic malignancies. The in vivo comparison of three SYK containing oncogenes, SYKwt, TEL–SYK and IL-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK)-SYK revealed a general myeloexpansion and the establishment of three different hematologic (pre)diseases. SYKwt enhanced the myeloid and T-cell compartment, without leukemia/lymphoma development. ITK–SYK caused lethal T-cell lymphomas and the cytoplasmic TEL–SYK fusion induced an acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis-type acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with up to 50% immature megakaryoblasts infiltrating bone marrow, spleen and liver, additional MPN features (myelofibrosis and granulocyte expansion) and MDS stigmata with megakaryocytic and erythroid dysplasia. LKS cells were reduced and all subsets (LT/ST/MPP) showed reduced proliferation rates. SYK inhibitor treatment (R788) of diseased TEL–SYK mice reduced leukocytosis, spleen and liver infiltration, enhanced the hematocrit and prolonged survival time, but could not significantly reduce myelofibrosis. Stat5 was identified as a major downstream mediator of TEL–SYK in vitro as well as in vivo. Consequently, targeted deletion of Stat5 in vivo completely abrogated TEL–SYK-induced AML and myelofibrosis development, proving Stat5 as a major driver of SYK-induced transformation. Our experiments highlight the important role of SYK in AML and myelofibrosis and prove SYK and STAT5 inhibitors as potent treatment options for those diseases.
CONVULSIVE SHOCK THERAPY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS—RISKS AND RESULTS
Authors: VERNON L. EVANS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1943)

Fifty patients over 50 years of age who had severe mental illness were treated with convulsive shock therapy. Of these 50 patients, 40 were either recovered or improved enough to be discharged to their homes. Ten remained unimproved. Although the risks taken seemed to be great, the complications and untoward results were remarkably few. Most of the cases had failed to respond to several months of conservative treatment, and in many cases it seemed almost certain that recovery would not occur unless drastic treatment was instituted. Even though some of the cases might have recovered eventually with prolonged conservative treatment, the time and economic saving was well worth the risks taken.
Health care in US ranks lowest among developed countries
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The United States ranked last across a range of measures of health care in a comparison of 19 industrialised countries, despite spending more than twice as much per person on health as any other of the countries, says a report published last week.

The report shows improvements in some areas since the previous rating two years ago but found that other countries had improved more quickly. It analysed 37 measures, including access to care, quality of care, and health outcomes.

Overall, said Karen Davis, president of the Commonwealth Fund, the charity that developed the report, “the US scored far short of the best performance, either in other countries or within the best performing hospitals in the …
Efficacy of percutaneous versus intradermal BCG in the prevention of tuberculosis in South African infants: randomised trial
Authors: A. Hawkridge, M. Hatherill, F. Little, M. A. Goetz, L. Barker, H. Mahomed, J. Sadoff, W. Hanekom, L. Geiter, G. Hussey
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To compare the incidence of tuberculosis over two years in infants vaccinated at birth with intradermal BCG or with percutaneous BCG. <b>Design</b> Randomised trial. <b>Setting</b> South Africa. <b>Participants</b> 11 680 newborn infants. <b>Interventions</b> Infants were randomised by week of birth to receive Tokyo 172 BCG vaccine through the percutaneous route (n=5775) or intradermal route (n=5905) within 24 hours of birth and followed up for two years. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome measure was documented <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection or radiological and clinical evidence of tuberculosis disease. Secondary outcome measures were rates of adverse events, all cause and tuberculosis specific admissions to hospital, and mortality. <b>Results</b> The difference in the cumulative incidence of definite, probable, and possible tuberculosis between the intradermal group and the percutaneous group, as defined using study definitions based on microbiological, radiological, and clinical findings was −0.36% (95.5% confidence interval −1.27% to 0.54%). No significant differences were found between the routes in the cumulative incidence of tuberculosis using a range of equivalence of "within 25%." Additionally, no significant differences were found between the routes in the cumulative incidence of adverse events (risk ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.06), including deaths (1.19, 0.89 to 1.58). <b>Conclusion</b> Equivalence was found between intradermal BCG vaccine and percutaneous BCG in the incidence of tuberculosis in South African infants vaccinated at birth and followed up for two years. The World Health Organization should consider revising its policy of preferential intradermal vaccination to allow national immunisation programmes to choose percutaneous vaccination if that is more practical. <b>Trial registration </b>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00242047.
STUDIES WITH INAGGLUTINABLE ERYTHROCYTE COUNTS. V. SPONTANEOUS AND X-RAY-INDUCED HEMOLYSIS IN MALIGNANCY 12
Authors: Raymond F. Sheets, Henry E. Hamilton, Elmer L. DeGowin, Clinton D. Janney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

Anemia in patients with malignant disease is currently ascribed (2) to blood loss, nutritional disturbances, metastases to the bone marrow, and, rarely, to failure of elaboration of the intrinsic fac- tor of Castle.Slowly evidence is accumulating that a hemolytic mechanism also may be operable in many instances.In 1907, Weil (3) reported extensive experiments in which extracts of nor- mal kidneys and livers of dogs produced slight and somewhat variable hemolysis of dogs' erythrocytes in vitro, but extracts of sarcomas and carci- nomas were much more potent in their destruction of red blood cells.He also noted that extracts of necrotic portions of tumors were much more hemo- lytic than undegenerated tissues.Dogs' kidneys were exposed extraperitoneally, their pedicles li- gated, and the organs replaced in the body.The resulting necrotic kidneys were recovered subse- quently and extracts from them proved to be many times more hemolytic against dogs' erythrocytes in sitro than extracts of nomal dogs' kidneys.Recently Gross (4) demonstrated hemolytic ac- tivity when filtrates of mouse mammary carcinoma were incubated with normal mouse erythrocytes.In a later paper (5) he reported that extracts of most human mammary cancer destroyed human erythrocytes of homologous blood group when they were incubated together for 48 hours at 380 C. Carcinoma of the human stomach behaved simi- larly.Extracts of normal human breast, muscle, and thyroid gland produced no hemolysis under similar conditions.Ross, Crockett, and Emerson
Suicide: The Role of Hostility and Death Wishes from the Family and Significant Others
Authors: MILTON ROSENBAUM, JOSEPH RICHMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The role of the suicidal patient's hostility is better known than the effect of his family`s hostility upon him. The authors found that suicidal patients' families expressed more extreme hostility and offered less support than the families of nonsuicidal patients. Successful suicide, they believe, is partly a result of his intimates' hostility and the victim's inability to retaliate.
Reversible effect of phytohaemagglutinin on the growth and metabolism of rat gastrointestinal tract.
Authors: S Bardocz, G Grant, S W Ewen, T J Duguid, D S Brown, K Englyst, A Pusztai
Journal: Gut (1995)

The lectin, phytohaemagglutinin, present in beans survives passage through the gastrointestinal tract in a biologically and immunologically intact form. It is known that by binding to the brush border membranes of the small intestine phytohaemagglutinin induces its hyperplastic growth. However, its effect on the other parts of the gut are not known. This study considered the dose and time dependent changes in the gastrointestinal tract exposed to phytohaemagglutinin. Lectin binding was detected by polyclonal antibodies using PAP staining to the surface and the parietal cell region of the stomach, the brush border epithelium of the small intestine and to the surface membrane of the caecum and colon. To characterise the metabolic changes in the gut organ weights, protein, RNA, DNA, and polyamine contents were measured. While phytohaemagglutinin induced a dose and time dependent growth of the small intestine by lengthening the tissue and thickening the gut wall by increasing the number of crypt cells, the lectin also changed the size and metabolism of the large intestine and pancreas, but this growth was by hypertrophy. Phytohaemagglutinin in the diet influences the size, metabolism, and function of the entire digestive tract. The lectin induced changes were fully or partially reversed within three days.
Advanced Breast Cancer: High-Dose Chemotherapy and Bone Marrow Autotransplants
Authors: KAREN ANTMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

The response of human breast cancer to drugs and radiation is dose-dependent, with higher doses producing increased response rates. However, dose escalation of several agents active against breast cancer is limited by bone marrow toxicity. This limitation can be overcome in some instances by transplantation of bone marrow cells. We evaluated 27 trials of bone marrow autotransplants in 172 patients who received single or multiple drug chemotherapy, radiation, or both. The overall response rate was 58%. Response rates were highest in trials involving multiple alkylating agents (76%) or previously untreated patients (81%). These data suggest that high-dose therapy and bone marrow autotransplants can produce remissions in patients with advanced breast cancer unresponsive to conventional therapy. A critical evaluation of this approach will require controlled trials in high-risk persons.