tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Neuropathy and Nerve Dysfunction in Individuals at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The PROMISE Cohort
Authors: C. Christine Lee, Bruce A. Perkins, Sheena Kayaniyil, Stewart B. Harris, Ravi Retnakaran, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Bernard Zinman, Anthony J. Hanley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence suggests that peripheral neuropathy begins in the early stages of diabetes pathogenesis. Our objective was to describe the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and nerve dysfunction according to glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome status and examine how these conditions are associated with neurological changes in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 467 individuals in the longitudinal PROMISE (Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation) cohort. Peripheral neuropathy was defined by Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) scores (&amp;gt;2), and the severity of nerve dysfunction was measured objectively by vibration perception thresholds (VPTs) using a neurothesiometer. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the International Diabetes Federation/American Heart Association harmonized criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was 29%, 49%, and 50% for normal glycemia, prediabetes, and new-onset diabetes, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for trend). The mean VPT was 6.5 V for normal glycemia, 7.9 V for prediabetes, and 7.6 V for new-onset diabetes (P = 0.024 for trend). Prediabetes was associated with higher MNSI scores (P = 0.01) and VPTs (P = 0.004) versus normal glycemia, independent of known risk factors. Additionally, progression of glucose intolerance over 3 years predicted a higher risk of peripheral neuropathy (P = 0.007) and nerve dysfunction (P = 0.002). Metabolic syndrome was not independently associated with MNSI scores or VPTs. CONCLUSIONS In individuals with multiple risk factors for diabetes, prediabetes was associated with similar risks of peripheral neuropathy and severity of nerve dysfunction as new-onset diabetes. Prediabetes, but not metabolic syndrome, was independently associated with both the presence of peripheral neuropathy and the severity of nerve dysfunction.
Direct in vivo inhibition of the nuclear cell cycle cascade in experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with Roscovitine, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase antagonist.
Authors: J W Pippin, Q Qu, L Meijer, S J Shankland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Glomerular injury is characterized by mesangial cell (MC) proliferation and matrix formation. We sought to determine if reducing the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) with the purine analogue, Roscovitine, decreased MC proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Roscovitine (25 microM) inhibited FCS-induced proliferation (P < 0.0001) in cultured MC. Rats with experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (Thy1 model) were divided into two groups. A prevention group received daily intraperitoneal injections of Roscovitine in DMSO (2.8 mg/kg) starting at day 1. A treatment group received daily Roscovitine starting at day 3, when MC proliferation was established. Control Thy1 rats received DMSO alone. MC proliferation (PCNA +/OX7 + double immunostaining) was reduced by > 50% at days 5 and 10 in the Roscovitine prevention group, and at day 5 in the treatment group (P < 0.0001). Early administration of Roscovitine reduced immunostaining for collagen type IV, laminin, and fibronectin at days 5 and 10 (r = 0.984; P < 0.001), which was associated with improved renal function (urinary protein/creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, P < 0.05). We conclude that reducing the activity of CDK2 with Roscovitine in experimental glomerulonephritis decreases cell proliferation and matrix production, resulting in improved renal function, and may be a useful therapeutic intervention in disease characterized by proliferation.
Review: Blood transfusions are associated with higher mortality than no or restricted transfusions in MI
Authors: Mark Crowther
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Chatterjee S, Wetterslev J, Sharma A, Lichstein E, Mukherjee D. Association of blood transfusion with increased mortality in myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis and diversity-adjusted study sequential analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:132-9. 23266500
Inhaled Asbestos Exacerbates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice via CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Cells
Authors: Naomi K. Fukagawa, Muyao Li, Tara Sabo-Attwood, Cynthia R. Timblin, Kelly J. Butnor, Jessica Gagne, Chad Steele, Douglas J. Taatjes, Sally Huber, Brooke T. Mossman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Associations between air pollution and morbidity/mortality from cardiovascular disease are recognized in epidemiologic and clinical studies, but the mechanisms by which inhaled fibers or particles mediate the exacerbation of atherosclerosis are unclear.To determine whether lung inflammation after inhalation of a well-characterized pathogenic particulate, chrysotile asbestos, is directly linked to exacerbation of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms involved, we exposed apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice and ApoE(-/-) mice crossed with CD4(-/-) mice to ambient air, NIEHS (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) reference sample of chrysotile asbestos, or fine titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), a nonpathogenic control particle, for 3, 9, or 30 days.ApoE(-/-) mice exposed to inhaled asbestos fibers had approximately 3-fold larger atherosclerotic lesions than did TiO(2)-exposed ApoE(-/-) mice or asbestos-exposed ApoE(-/-)/CD4(-/-) double-knockout (DKO) mice. Lung inflammation and the magnitude of lung fibrosis assessed histologically were similar in asbestos-exposed ApoE(-/-) and DKO mice. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma, and plasma concentrations correlated with lesion size (p < 0.04) in asbestos-exposed ApoE(-/-) mice. At 9 days, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), transcription factors linked to inflammation and found in the promoter region of the MCP-1 gene, were increased in aortas of asbestos-exposed ApoE(-/-) but not DKO mice.Our findings show that the degree of lung inflammation and fibrosis does not correlate directly with cardiovascular effects of inhaled asbestos fibers and support a critical role of CD4(+) T cells in linking fiber-induced pulmonary signaling to consequent activation of AP-1- and NF-kappaB-regulated genes in atherogenesis.
Understanding Black Power: Processes and Proposals
Authors: CHARLES A. PINDERHUGHES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Primitive thinking patterns reinforced by group membership underlie the false beliefs which are central in the psychodynamics of racial conflicts in the United States. The destructive alteration of Negroes to fit false beliefs about them has tended to maintain the psychological forces that originated the false beliefs. In this context the author analyzes the Black Power movement as an attempt to institute a massive therapeutic process.
Relationship of inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by analgesics to asthma attacks in aspirin-sensitive patients.
Authors: A Szczeklik, R J Gryglewski, G Czerniawska-Mysik
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Eleven patients with asthma and aspirin hypersensitivity have been challenged with eight non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Each drug was given by mouth in at least three different doses and the patients' symptoms and peak expiratory flow (PEF) rates were observed over a three-hour period. Indomethacin 5 mg caused bronchoconstriction in all patients. Therapeutic doses of mefenamic or flufenamic acid caused bronchoconstriction in most patients. Phenylbutazone 200-400 mg induced a moderate fall in PEF. There were no reactions to therapeutic doses of salicylamide, paracetamol, benzydamine, and chloroquine. Microsomal prostaglandin synthetase, activity was inhibited by aspirin, indomethacin, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, and phenylbutazone. The other four drugs had no inhibitory effect. We suggest that precipitation of attacks in asthmatic patients hypersensitive to certain anti-inflammatory drugs is related to drug's ability to inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis.
EXPERIENCIA EN EL USO DE PROTESIS BIODEGRADABLES EN TRATAMIENTO DE LAS ESTENOSIS COLORECTALES
Authors: F Pérez Roldán, P González Carro, MC Villafáñez García, S Aoufi Rabih, ML Legaz Huidobro, N Sánchez-Manjavacas Múñoz, O Roncero García-Escribano, M Ynfante Ferrús, E Bernardos Martín, F Ruiz Carrillo
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

La estenosis benigna del colon es un problema creciente, siendo su causa más frecuente la que aparece tras una resección colónica. El tratamiento habitual de las estenosis es endoscópico, usándose para ello bujías o lo que es más habitual las dilataciones endoscópicas. Cuando éstas no son eficaces se pueden plantear otras soluciones endoscópicas como: terapia incisional, láserNd:Yag o argón, o prótesis metálicas o plásticas. Presentamos la experiencia de otra opción terapéutica para estenosis de colon refractarias a otros tratamientos endoscópicos o como rescate en situaciones especiales, mediante el uso de prótesis biodegradables.
Health Experts Aim To Curb Potential Epidemic
Authors: K. Travis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

It seems like cancer should be the least of the health worries in most of the countries on the African continent, where communicable diseases are the leading cause of death and the life expectancy in more than half of the countries is under 50 years. Compared with those of Western countries, cancer rates in the region are relatively low. But the prognosis for cancer in Africa looks grim: In sub-Saharan Africa, there were 582,000 new cancers diagnosed in 2002, and 412,100 people died from the disease. If no interventions are put in place, it’s expected that the number of new cases diagnosed will rise to 804,000 and mortal
Increased angiogenic sprouting in poor prognosis FL is associated with elevated numbers of CD163+ macrophages within the immediate sprouting microenvironment
Authors: Andrew J. Clear, Abigail M. Lee, Maria Calaminici, Alan G. Ramsay, Kelly J. Morris, Simon Hallam, Gavin Kelly, Finlay MacDougall, T. Andrew Lister, John G. Gribben
Journal: Blood (2010)
Rifampin With Disulfiram
Authors: Emil Rothstein
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Rifampin is an effective antituberculous drug recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for general use. Users are warned that  Rifampin has been shown to produce liver dysfunction. There have been fatalities associated with jaundice in patients with liver disease or receiving rifampin concomitantly with other hepatotoxic agents. Since an increased risk may exist for individuals with liver disease, benefits must be weighed carefully against the risk of further liver damage. Periodic liver function monitoring is mandatory.  Ethyl alcohol is probably the most common hepatotoxic agent ingested, and in the quantities consumed by the chronic alcoholic patient its effects are well known. In our hands a widely based alcoholism therapeutic program in which disulfiram plays an important role provides the greatest likelihood that alcohol ingestion will be minimal, and, not infrequently, totally absent.  Disulfiram is not hepatotoxic in the usual sense, but does interfere sharply with
Treatment of Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetic Patients With DiaPep277: Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Phase 3 Trial
Authors: Itamar Raz, Anette G. Ziegler, Thomas Linn, Guntram Schernthaner, Francois Bonnici, Larry A. Distiller, Carla Giordano, Francesco Giorgino, Liat de Vries, Didac Mauricio, Vlastimil Procházka, Julio Wainstein, Dana Elias, Ann Avron, Merana Tamir, Rachel Eren, Dana Peled, Shlomo Dagan, Irun R. Cohen, Paolo Pozzilli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety and efficacy of DiaPep277 in preserving β-cell function in type 1 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS DIA-AID 1 is a multinational, phase 3, balanced-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical study. Newly diagnosed patients (N = 457, aged 16–45 years) were randomized to subcutaneous injections of DiaPep277 or placebo quarterly for 2 years. The primary efficacy end point was the change from baseline in the area under the glucagon-stimulated C-peptide curve. Secondary end points were the change from baseline in mixed-meal stimulated C-peptide secretion and in fasting C-peptide and achieving target HbA1c ≤7% (≤53 mmol/mol). Partial remission (target HbA1c on insulin ≤0.5 units/kg/day) and hypoglycemic event rate were exploratory end points. RESULTS DiaPep277 was safe and well tolerated. Significant preservation of C-peptide secretion was observed in the DiaPep277-treated group compared with the placebo (relative treatment effects of 23.4%, P = 0.037, and 29.2%, P = 0.011, in the modified intent-to-treat [mITT] and per-protocol [PP] populations, respectively). The mixed-meal stimulation failed to distinguish between the groups. There was a trend toward efficacy in fasting C-peptide levels, though not statistically significant. Significantly more DiaPep277-treated than placebo-treated patients maintained target HbA1c (mITT 56% versus 44%, P = 0.03; PP 60% versus 45%, P = 0.0082) and entered partial remission (mITT 38% versus 29%, P = 0.08; PP 42% versus 30%, P = 0.035). DiaPep277 treatment reduced the relative hypoglycemic event risk (mITT by 20%; PP by 28%). CONCLUSIONS DiaPep277 safely contributes to preservation of β-cell function and to improved glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Perceptions of the incidence of scabies and efficacy of treatment in U.K. hospitals
Authors: C.E. Bennett, M. Keefe, J.C. Reynolds
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Perceptions of the incidence of scabies and efficacy of treatment in U.K. hospitals Get access C.E. Bennett, C.E. Bennett School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, The Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton University NHS Trust, Brintons Terrace, Southampton SO14 0YG, U.K. †The Game Conservancy Trust, Fordingbridge, Hants. SP6 1EF, U.K.E‐mail: ceb@soton.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Keefe, M. Keefe School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, The Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton University NHS Trust, Brintons Terrace, Southampton SO14 0YG, U.K. †The Game Conservancy Trust, Fordingbridge, Hants. SP6 1EF, U.K.E‐mail: ceb@soton.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.C. Reynolds J.C. Reynolds School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, The Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton University NHS Trust, Brintons Terrace, Southampton SO14 0YG, U.K. †The Game Conservancy Trust, Fordingbridge, Hants. SP6 1EF, U.K.E‐mail: ceb@soton.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 6, 1 December 2000, Pages 1337–1338, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03926.x Published: 01 December 2000
6-Methylangelicins: new monofunctional photochemotherapeutic agents for psoriasis
Authors: M. CRISTOFOLINI, G. RECCHIA, S. BOI, F. PISCIOLI, F. BORDIN, F. BACCICHETTI, F. CARLASSARE, M. TAMARO, B. PANI, N. BABUDRI, A. GUIOTTO, P. RODIGHIERO, D. VEDALDI, F. DALL'ACQUA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

The monofunctional furocoumarins, the 6-methylangelicins, were tested for their antiproliferative activity with various animal models and for genotoxicity in micro-organisms and in mammalian cells. The most active compound was 6,4,4′-trimethylangelicin, which showed a high antiproliferative effect and reduced genotoxicity in comparison with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP). Some of these compounds were also tested clinically by topical application on 17 patients with psoriasis. They appeared to be more active than 8-MOP in clearing psoriasis without inducing skin phototoxicity. The methylangelicins also caused skin pigmentation.
Tension-type headache
Authors: Elizabeth Loder, Paul Rizzoli
Journal: BMJ (2008)

#### Summary points Tension-type headache is a neurological disorder characterised by a predisposition to attacks of mild to moderate headache with few associated symptoms. The diagnosis is based on the history and examination. Over the past few decades research on headache has centred on migraine, and much of the best quality evidence for the treatment of tension-type headache is decades old. Some consensus based treatment guidelines are available (see Additional Educational Resources box towards the end of this article). Treatment has changed little over the past two decades. Many patients self treat acute attacks and seek advice when attacks become frequent or chronic. This review focuses on how to identify and manage patients who require medical advice about acute attacks and preventive treatment to minimise further attacks. Box 1 summarises the criteria for tension-type headache outlined in the second revision of the international classification of headache disorders, in which such headache is classified according to whether it is episodic or chronic and whether muscle tenderness is present.1 #### Box 1 Diagnostic criteria for tension-type headache*
Outcome of breech delivery at term.
Authors: J. Kingdom, K. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Health effects of organophosphate sheep dipsEDITOR,-We wish to draw attention to the possible health effects of exposure to sheep dips containing organophosphates (diazinon, propetamphos, or chlorfenvinphos).Toxic exposure to organophos- phate substances may cause acute cholinergic inhibition' that correlates poorly with clinical effects.'Acute clinical effects after exposure to organophosphate dips are uncommon, and because these effects are non-specific, resembling influenza, diagnosis may be difficult.During the dipping season last year (22 Septem- ber to 3 November) the National Poisons Unit, in collaboration with the Veterinary Medicines Direc- torate of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, investigated cases of suspected exposure reported to the poisons unit by doctors requesting information on management.We obtained details of the cases by telephone and by sending follow up questionnaires to the doctors.If a case was reported within seven days of exposure the doctor was asked to take a blood sample (5 ml EDTA) straight away and another at least one month later.The National Poisons Unit Laboratory measured erythrocyte and plasma cholinesterase activities with an assay based on the method of Ellman et al." Thirty four reports were received.The age of the patients, recorded in 31 cases, ranged from 2 to 75 years.Twenty nine patients were exposed while working with sheep, but three were exposed accidentally, including a 2 year old child who fell into a dip.Circumstances were unknown in two cases.
Adverse Drug Events in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Paul T. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I noted with interest 3 articles<sup>1-3</sup>dealing with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and their consequences. Since the hospital to which I admit my patients has started what they describe as a mandatory ADR reporting system, I have 2 points. First, in our institution, trivial events are required to be reported as an ADR. If a cancer patient receiving chemotherapy has nausea or loses his or her hair, that is an ADR; if an asthmatic patient develops mild hyperglycemia from receiving steroids, that is a reportable ADR; if a patient is given antacids for an upset stomach and develops a mild case of selflimited diarrhea, that is a reportable ADR. There seems to be little rational consensus on what constitutes an ADR. The second point is that physicians are in a double bind. If we do not make a selective report to the pharmacy about a
NERVOUS SYMPTOMS AS EARLIEST MANIFESTATIONS OF CARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: JOSEPH C. YASKIN
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The occurrence of nervous and mental symptoms of varying degree is common in the course of visceral disease in general and in disease of the heart, the lungs and the abdominal organs in particular. These symptoms usually occur in fairly advanced stages of cardiovascular-renal disease, in pulmonary disease and in various gastro-intestinal abnormalities, being usually reactions on the part of the central nervous system to the toxic or metabolic changes produced by the progressive visceral condition. The character and intensity of the nervous symptoms further depend on the previous personality of a given patient; abnormal tendencies appear accentuated or latent psychotic tendencies become activated under the stress and strain of the existing physical disability. The nervous manifestations in these cases are further modified by the social and economic circumstances of the patient, and psychogenic factors play a large rôle in the symptomatology of these organic cases. The character of the
Novel drug combination for tuberculosis to be tested across 50 sites
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A new phase III clinical trial of a novel combination of three drugs for tuberculosis (TB) is set to be launched by the end of the year in 50 sites across Africa, Asia, eastern Europe, and Latin America, the charity TB Alliance has said.1

The STAND (Shortening Treatments by Advancing Novel Drugs) trial will evaluate the drug combination known as PaMZ, which contains two candidate drugs that are not yet licensed for the treatment of tuberculosis, PA-824 (Pa) and moxifloxacin (M), and one existing antituberculosis drug, pyrazinamide (Z). 

Study results have shown that PaMZ has the potential to treat patients with drug sensitive and drug …
Locations of synthesis of hair structural proteins in human anagen follicles
Authors: L.N. JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Live tissue containing cells of the presumptive hair shaft (PHS), was obtained by microdissection of human anagen hair follicles. Whole PHS, as well as PHS further dissected into three levels of hair development, were subsequently used in protein solubilization procedures. Single- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of radiolabelled extracts, with fluorography, enabled comparison of hair and PHS keratin proteins. Fluorographs demonstrated the major classes of protein comprising the intermediate filaments (IF) and matrix of hair keratins. In addition, extracts from various levels of PHS tissue have provided direct evidence for the locations of synthesis of these protein moieties. Thus, IF and matrix proteins are synthesized sequentially in PHS. A previously unobserved polypeptide component, not present in hair extracts, has been identified and found to vary in relative proportions when compared with the major IF and matrix protein classes as PHS cells differentiate to form hair. In the absence of reliable methods for extraction of human hair, PHS provides an alternative source of material, despite the extra burden of follicle collection and specimen preparation. The procedures described provide a new basis for studying human hair defects and are potentially useful for comparing human hair proteins in a variety of situations.