tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Daily and Cyclic Parathyroid Hormone in Women Receiving Alendronate
Authors: Felicia Cosman, Jeri Nieves, Marsha Zion, Lillian Woelfert, Marjorie Luckey, Robert Lindsay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

We evaluated whether patients with osteoporosis treated with long-term alendronate have a response to parathyroid hormone treatment and whether short, three-month cycles of parathyroid hormone therapy could be as effective as daily administration.We randomly assigned 126 women with osteoporosis who had been taking alendronate for at least 1 year to continued alendronate plus parathyroid hormone (1-34) subcutaneously daily, continued alendronate plus parathyroid hormone (1-34) subcutaneously daily for three 3-month cycles alternating with 3-month periods without parathyroid hormone, or alendronate alone for 15 months.In both parathyroid hormone groups, bone formation indexes rose swiftly. Among the women who were receiving cyclic parathyroid hormone, bone formation declined during cycles without parathyroid hormone and increased again during cycles with parathyroid hormone. Bone resorption increased in both parathyroid hormone groups but increased progressively more in the daily-treatment group than in the cyclic-therapy group. Spinal bone mineral density rose 6.1 percent in the daily-treatment group and 5.4 percent in the cyclic-therapy group (P<0.001 for each parathyroid hormone group as compared with the alendronate group and no significant difference between parathyroid hormone groups). One woman in the daily-treatment group, two in the cyclic-therapy group, and four in the alendronate group had new or worsening vertebral deformities.This study suggests that a regimen of three-month cycles of parathyroid hormone alternating with three-month cycles without parathyroid hormone causes the early phase of action of parathyroid hormone (characterized by pure stimulation of bone formation) to be dissociated from the later phase (activation of bone remodeling). The early phase may be more important to the increase in spinal bone mineral density. In patients with persistent osteoporosis after prior alendronate treatment, both daily treatment and cyclic treatment with parathyroid hormone increase spinal bone mineral density.
Disturbances of heart rhythm produced by 50 Hz leakage currents in human subjects
Authors: E. B. RAFTERY, H. L. GREEN, M. H. YACOUB
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Measurements of 50 Hz currents applied directly to the atrial and ventricular myocardium in patients at open heart surgery confirm the findings in animals. Currents up to 3mA applied to the right atrium failed to produce any serious rhythm disturbance. The smallest current to produce a rhythm disturbance from the right ventricle was 80 (μA. It is concluded that the results obtained in experimental animals may safely be transferred to the clinical situation.
Effect of Facilitation of Local Maternal-and-Newborn Stakeholder Groups on Neonatal Mortality: Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lars Åke Persson, Nguyen T. Nga, Mats Målqvist, Dinh Thi Phuong Hoa, Leif Eriksson, Lars Wallin, Katarina Selling, Tran Q. Huy, Duong M. Duc, Tran V. Tiep, Vu Thi Thu Thuy, Uwe Ewald
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Lars Åke Persson and colleagues conduct a cluster randomised control in northern Vietnam to analyze the effect of the activity of local community-based maternal-and-newborn stakeholder groups on neonatal mortality. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Hippocampus, delay neurons, and sensory heterogeneity
Authors: Michael Colombo, Charles G. Gross
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract We raise three issues concerning the Eichenbaum, Otto &amp; Cohen (1994) model. (1) We argue against the strict division of labor that Eichenbaum et al. attribute to neocortical and limbic regions. (2) We raise the possibility that the anterior and posterior portions of the hippocampus may be important for different types of information processing. (3) We argue that, rather than reflecting relational processing, different neural responses to “match” and “nonmatch” trials may relate to different required spatial responses.
Stimulating the Development of Drug Treatments to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia
Authors: Michael F. Green
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2007)

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is a core feature of the illness (i.e., not a result of clinical symptoms or drug treatments) that is related to the daily functioning of patients. Because schizophrenia is associated with poor community functioning, there is considerable interest in finding treatments to improve cognition in schizophrenia in the hopes that such improvement will yield functional benefits. Before the U.S. Food and Drug Administration could consider granting approval to any new drug for improving cognition in schizophrenia, it was first necessary to achieve consensus on the measurements and methods that would be used in clinical trials, as well as neuropharmacological targets. The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health launched an initiative to help address these obstacles to drug approval (MATRICS). This initiative has generated several additional follow-up initiatives including a clinical trial network and consensus projects for other clinical targets, such as negative symptoms. This review describes how an area that was primarily of academic interest (cognition in schizophrenia) became a focus of public health concerns and drug-development policy.
The age and gender effects on heart rate in children school volleyball players from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: A Masala, A Bajraktarevic, M Miokovic, M Omerovic, A Rovcanin, L Sporisevic
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Volleyball is a fun sport for children that is easy to learn and can be played in a gym, at the beach, or on grass. Playing volleyball help improve child heart work, flexibility, balance and coordination. Some schools have volleyball teams for boys and girls. Heart rates can improve sports exercise and volleyball can make children stronger and healthier. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine accountability paediatrics systems operating in youth volleyball training sessions and to understand how those systems vary according to the instructional tasks and the nature of the information provided by paediatricians. Design, setting and participants The ECG recording was performed for 5 min at rest in seated, supine or supine with elevated legs body position on different days in girl and boy school volleyball players. Measurements were undertaken in a quiet room, air temperature ranging from 21 to 22°C, after and before volleyball games. The data was analyzed for 40 female and 40 male volleyball players ranging in age from 12 to 16 years, and other equal players and athletes in other sports of the same age and gender. Methods Systematic medical observation strategies were used to describe and analyse paediatric tasks for heart rates presentation and task volleyball players in schools during paediatrics examinations. Statistical analyses were performed using the Sigmastat Programme 3.0 for windows package during period 2005–2009 in school players teams in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Main outcome measurement Young female volleyball players are more vulnerable to sport injuries but similiar heart rates stabilizing works after volleyball games comparing than their boys counterparts. Results Heart rates after volleyball games and exercise were lower and better than other sports groups in both volleyball groups for girls and boys, too, without difference. Conclusions Further research needs to address issues of paediatricians' knowledge and conceptions related to volleyball instruction for heart works improvement. No differences were noted between heart rates after exercise in boys and girls volleyball school players, but better heart rates were observed in older age volleyball players when compared to other athletes such as tennis players and soccer or basketball players.
P113 Secreted Lysyl Oxidase is Elevated in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: CJ Calderwood, MG Jones, L Hoile, T Havelock, TM Maher, KMA O’Reilly, DE Davies
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive fibrotic lung disease for which there are no effective treatments. As a result the prognosis is poor, with a median survival of 3 years from the onset of symptoms. The key feature of IPF is formation of ‘fibroblastic foci’, accumulations of highly active, proliferative fibroblasts and myofibroblasts that lay down vast quantities of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a secreted enzyme involved in cross-linking of collagen and implicated in several fibrotic conditions. Increased cross-linking due to LOX upregulation in IPF may contribute to decreased lung compliance. Further, LOX may represent a biomarker that can be used to detect early responses or ‘proof-of-mechanism’ in clinical trials for new IPF drugs. We hypothesized that levels of LOX protein were higher in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from IPF patients compared to healthy controls. <h3>Methods</h3> BAL fluid was collected from patients with IPF or volunteers following ethical approval and informed consent. A quantity of BAL fluid determined to contain 20μg protein was concentrated with Strataclean resin and resuspended in 2x sample buffer. LOX protein content was determined by SDS-PAGE and western blotting followed by densitometry. <h3>Results</h3> LOX can be detected in BAL fluid from patients with IPF. Both pro and active forms of the LOX enzyme are significantly elevated in IPF compared to healthy controls, with active LOX detected in 12/25 IPF patients compared to 1/9 healthy controls. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is increasing evidence for a role of LOX in fibrosis. Here we suggest LOX may be involved in IPF pathogenesis, and demonstrate that it is possible to detect secreted LOX in BAL fluid from patients with this condition. LOX may therefore represent a biomarker that could be used in clinical trials for IPF . Further work would be required to validate and optimise assays for clinical use.
MicroRNA Array Analysis Finds Elevated Serum miR-1290 Accurately Distinguishes Patients with Low-Stage Pancreatic Cancer from Healthy and Disease Controls
Authors: Ang Li, Jun Yu, Haeryoung Kim, Christopher L. Wolfgang, Marcia Irene Canto, Ralph H. Hruban, Michael Goggins
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Our goal was to identify circulating micro RNA (miRNA) levels that could distinguish patients with low-stage pancreatic cancer from healthy and disease controls.We measured 735 miRNAs in pancreatic cancer case and control sera by QRTPCR using TaqMan MicroRNA Arrays. After array analysis, we selected 18 miRNA candidates for validation in an independent set of cases and control samples.Of the significantly elevated circulating miRNAs in patients with pancreatic cancer compared with controls, miR-1290 had the best diagnostic performance: receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis on miR-1290 serum level yielded curve areas (AUC) of 0.96 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91-1.00], 0.81 (0.71-0.91), and 0.80 (0.67-0.93), for subjects with pancreatic cancer (n = 41) relative to healthy controls (n = 19), subjects with chronic pancreatitis (n = 35), and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (n = 18), respectively. Serum miR-1290 levels were also significantly higher than healthy controls among patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN; n = 20; AUC = 0.76, 0.61-0.91). Serum miR-1290 levels distinguished patients with low-stage pancreatic cancer from controls better than CA19-9 levels, and like CA19-9, higher miR-1290 levels predicted poorer outcome among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Greater numbers of miR-1290 transcripts were detected by FISH in primary pancreatic cancer and IPMN than normal pancreatic duct cells. miR-1290 influenced in vitro pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and invasive ability. Several other circulating miRNAs distinguished sera of patients with pancreatic cancer from those of healthy controls with AUCs >0.7, including miR-24, miR-134, miR-146a, miR-378, miR-484, miR-628-3p, and miR-1825.The detection of elevated circulating miR-1290 has the potential to improve the early detection of pancreatic cancer.
Regulation of Potassium Channel Kir 1.1 (ROMK) Abundance in the Thick Ascending Limb of Henle's Loop
Authors: CAROLYN A. ECELBARGER, GHEUN-HO KIM, MARK A. KNEPPER, JIE LIU, MARGARET TATE, PAUL A. WELLING, JAMES B. WADE
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. The renal outer medullary potassium channel (ROMK) of the thick ascending limb (TAL) is a critical component of the counter-current multiplication mechanism. In this study, two new antibodies raised to ROMK were used to investigate changes in the renal abundance of ROMK with treatments known to strongly promote TAL function. These antibodies specifically recognized protein of the predicted size of 45 kD in immunoblots of rat kidney or COS cells transfected with ROMK cDNA. Infusion of 1-deamino-(8-D-arginine)-vasopressin (dDAVP), a vasopressin V2 receptor-selective agonist, for 7 d into Brattleboro rats resulted in dramatic increases in apical membrane labeling of ROMK in the TAL of dDAVP-treated rats, as assessed by immunocytochemical analyses. Using immunoblotting, a more than threefold increase in immunoreactive ROMK levels was observed in the outer medulla after dDAVP infusion. Restriction of water intake to increase vasopressin levels also significantly increased TAL ROMK immunolabeling and abundance in immunoblots. In addition, dietary Na + levels were varied to determine whether ROMK abundance was also affected under other conditions known to alter TAL transport. Rats fed higher levels of sodium, as either NaCl or NaHCO 3 (8 mEq/250 g body wt per d), exhibited significantly increased density of the 45-kD band, compared with the respective control animals. Moreover, in rats fed a low-NaCl diet (0.25 mEq/250 g body wt per d), a 50% decrease in band density for the 45-kD band was observed (relative to control rats fed 2.75 mEq/250 g body wt per d of NaCl). These results demonstrate that long-term adaptive changes in ROMK abundance occur in the TAL with stimuli that enhance transport by this segment.
614 Kinetic analysis of insulin resistance and serum adipocytokines levels during peginterferon alpha-2A plus ribavirin therapy in non-diabetic HCV patients
Authors: G. Venezia, O. Lo Iacono, S. Petta, P.L. Almasio, C. Minco, M. Amato, A. Mattina, V. Di Marco, S. De Lisi, A. Licata, D. Ferraro, A. Craxi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Protective effect of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor PJ34 on mitochondrial depolarization-mediated cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells involves attenuation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase-2 and protein kinase B/Akt activation
Authors: Balazs Radnai, Csenge Antus, Boglarka Racz, Peter Engelmann, Janos Krisztian Priber, Zsuzsanna Tucsek, Balazs Veres, Zsuzsanna Turi, Tamas Lorand, Balazs Sumegi, Ferenc Gallyas
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2012)

Abstract Background 2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl- E -4-arylidene-3-isochromanone (IK11) was previously described to induce apoptotic death of A431 tumor cells. In this report, we investigated the molecular action of IK11 in the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line to increase our knowledge of the role of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP), protein kinase B/Akt and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in the survival and death of tumor cells and to highlight the possible role of PARP-inhibitors in co-treatments with different cytotoxic agents in cancer therapy. Results We found that sublethal concentrations of IK11 prevented proliferation, migration and entry of the cells into their G2 phase. At higher concentrations, IK11 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2), and substantial loss of HepG2 cells. ROS production appeared marginal in mediating the cytotoxicity of IK11 since N-acetyl cysteine was unable to prevent it. However, the PARP inhibitor PJ34, although not a ROS scavenger, strongly inhibited both IK11-induced ROS production and cell death. JNK2 activation seemed to be a major mediator of the effect of IK11 since inhibition of JNK resulted in a substantial cytoprotection while inhibitors of the other kinases failed to do so. Inhibition of Akt slightly diminished the effect of IK11, while the JNK and Akt inhibitor and ROS scavenger trans-resveratrol completely protected against it. Conclusions These results indicate significant involvement of PARP, a marginal role of ROS and a pro-apoptotic role of Akt in this system, and raise attention to a novel mechanism that should be considered when cancer therapy is augmented with PARP-inhibition, namely the cytoprotection by inhibition of JNK2.
Home treatment for chronic respiratory failure in children: a prospective study
Authors: B Fauroux, A Sardet, D Foret
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Home treatment for children with chronic respiratory failure (CRF) is increasing. However, the causes of CRF in children and the details of their home treatment are not well-known. The aim of this study was to describe the causes of CRF in the paediatric population and the treatments that the patients received at home. We surveyed all children (aged < or = 18 yrs) entering the Association Nationale pour le Traitement à Domicile de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire chronique (ANTADIR) for home treatment of CRF between March 1992 and March 1993. Two hundred and eighty seven children (178 boys, 62%) started home treatment for CRF during the year. One hundred and eleven patients had obstructive respiratory disease: cystic fibrosis (CF) (n = 24); bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (n = 79); other obstructive respiratory disease (n = 8). One hundred and seventy six patients had restrictive lung disease: neuromuscular disease (n = 87); kyphoscoliosis (n = 21); pulmonary fibrosis (n = 6); cardiac disease (n = 14); stomatological disease (n = 10); other restrictive respiratory disease (n = 9); and 29 miscellaneous causes. One hundred and thirteen patients received oxygen therapy, with a mean daily use of 17.7 h (20 h.day-1 for BPD patients and 12.3 h.day-1 for CF patients). Oxygen was delivered by a concentrator in 88% of cases. One hundred and fifty eight children received mechanical ventilation (MV). Five children received nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation for sleep apnoea, four had pneumatic belt ventilation, and 12 had a tracheostomy without MV. Treatment was stopped in 21 children, because of death in nine and improvement in the other 12. Home treatment for children with CRF is well developed in France via the ANTADIR network. Causes of CRF in children are heterogeneous, with a relatively good prognosis.
The Neonatologist’s Role in Pediatric Anesthesia Neurotoxicity
Authors: Robert Williams, Robert Pfister, Ian Black
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

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Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Jennifer J. Griggs, Christopher S. Commichau, Aaron P. Rapoport, Robert C. Griggs
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

A 42-year-old man was diagnosed with large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 3 years after autologous bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin's disease. The day before beginning systemic chemotherapy, the patient began to have symptoms of a sensorimotor neuropathy characterized by proximal and distal weakness, lower-extremity areflexia, elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein level, and evidence of demyelination on nerve conduction studies. Symptoms progressed despite two courses of intrathecal methotrexate, for possible lymphomatous meningitis, as well as systemic chemotherapy. The diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy was made. Daily plasma exchange was performed for a total of 10 treatments with immediate improvement and eventual complete recovery in strength, sensation, and gait. A review of the literature confirms that inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is a highly unusual but important cause of peripheral nervous system dysfunction. The potential for complete response to plasma exchange should be recognized in patients with symptoms, signs, and nerve conduction studies suggestive of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease with features of lymphomatoid granulomatosis in a lung transplant patient
Authors: Eun Ji Kwon, Kenneth A. Katz, Karla S. Draft, John T. Seykora, Alain H. Rook, Mariusz A. Wasik, Jacqueline M. Junkins-Hopkins
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel doublet chemotherapy compared with monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: IFCT-0501 randomised, phase 3 trial
Authors: Elisabeth Quoix, Gérard Zalcman, Jean-Philippe Oster, Virginie Westeel, Eric Pichon, Armelle Lavolé, Jérôme Dauba, Didier Debieuvre, Pierre-Jean Souquet, Laurence Bigay-Game, Eric Dansin, Michel Poudenx, Olivier Molinier, Fabien Vaylet, Denis Moro-Sibilot, Dominique Herman, Jaafar Bennouna, Jean Tredaniel, Alain Ducoloné, Marie-Paule Lebitasy, Laurence Baudrin, Silvy Laporte, Bernard Milleron
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
CD1d-expressing Dendritic Cells but Not Thymic Epithelial Cells Can Mediate Negative Selection of NKT Cells
Authors: Taehoon Chun, Michael J. Page, Laurent Gapin, Jennifer L. Matsuda, Honglin Xu, Hanh Nguyen, Hyung-Sik Kang, Aleksandar K. Stanic, Sebastian Joyce, Walter A. Koltun, Michael J. Chorney, Mitchell Kronenberg, Chyung-Ru Wang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique immunoregulatory T cell population that is positively selected by CD1d-expressing thymocytes. Previous studies have shown that NKT cells exhibit autoreactivity, which raises the question of whether they are subject to negative selection. Here, we report that the addition of agonist glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) to a fetal thymic organ culture (FTOC) induces a dose-dependent disappearance of NKT cells, suggesting that NKT cells are susceptible to negative selection. Overexpression of CD1d in transgenic (Tg) mice results in reduced numbers of NKT cells, and the residual NKT cells in CD1d-Tg mice exhibit both an altered Vβ usage and a reduced sensitivity to antigen. Furthermore, bone marrow (BM) chimeras between Tg and WT mice reveal that CD1d-expressing BM-derived dendritic cells, but not thymic epithelial cells, mediate the efficient negative selection of NKT cells. Thus, our data suggest that NKT cells developmentally undergo negative selection when engaged by high-avidity antigen or abundant self-antigen.