tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PNEUMONIA AND PLEURISY IN EARLY LIFE SIMULATING APPENDICITIS.
Authors: J. P. CROZER GRIFFITH
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Attention has been recently called in several quarters to the simulation of appendicitis or peritonitis by pulmonary processes, especially pneumonia and pleurisy. The fact that this simulation often occurred has long been known, but is commonly overlooked, and, inasmuch as the diagnosis is certainly at times extremely difficult, and since operation for appendicitis has even been performed when only pneumonia was present, I have thought it of interest to report a few cases of this nature and to quote those of like sort which have come to my notice in medical literature, limiting myself entirely, at least in detailing cases, to the occurrence of the condition in early life. It is, indeed, at this time that the confusion is most likely to happen, although some cases developing later in life are also met in literature. Of the cases reported here the first two have already been
Assessment of pericardial constraint in dogs.
Authors: O A Smiseth, M A Frais, I Kingma, E R Smith, J V Tyberg
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To determine the better method of measuring pericardial constraint, pericardial pressure was recorded by a liquid-filled open-ended catheter and a liquid-containing flat balloon in six open-chest anesthetized dogs. Left ventricular pressure was measured by a micromanometer-tipped catheter and left ventricular anteroposterior diameter was measured by sonomicrometry. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was raised to 20 +/- 1.7 (mean +/- SD) mm Hg by intravenous saline. Left ventricular diastolic pressure-diameter loops were constructed (1) with incremental amounts of saline (0 to 50 ml) in the resealed pericardium, (2) with several small holes in the pericardium, and (3) with the pericardium widely open. Measured pericardial pressures were compared with what was assumed to be the correct pericardial pressure, i.e., the calculated difference between left ventricular diastolic pressure (at a given left ventricular diameter) before and after opening the pericardium. Pressure recorded by the flat balloon was similar to the calculated pericardial pressure at all pericardial liquid volumes. Pressure recorded by the open-ended catheter, however, was significantly lower (p less than .05) than the calculated pressure unless there was at least 30 ml of liquid in the pericardium. After several holes had been made in the pericardium it still exerted a constraining effect, as shown by a marked rightward or downward shift of the left ventricular diastolic pressure-diameter relationships after completely opening the pericardium. After holes were made in the pericardium pressure recorded by the flat balloon was still similar to the calculated pericardial pressure. However, pressure recorded by the open-ended catheter was significantly (p less than .02) lower than the calculated pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A cluster randomized trial comparing strict, partial, and FeNO-guided asthma control strategies in primary care
Authors: Persijn Honkoop, Rik Loijmans, Evelien Termeer, Jiska Snoeck-Stroband, Pim Assendelft, Peter Sterk, Gerben ter Riet, Tjard Schermer, Jacob Sont
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Objective  The aim of asthma management is strict control on symptoms and reduction of future exacerbations. Nitric oxide (FeNO) may be helpful in achieving strict control at the lowest possible inhaled corticosteroid dose. It is unknown if benefits from strict control balance potential side-effects of more intense treatment in terms of patients’ quality of life.  Therefore our aim was to compare asthma-related quality of life and incidence of exacerbations of three treatment strategies aimed at: Partial control (PC) (Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)   Methods  We performed a cluster randomized trial with 12 mo follow-up in patients 18-50 yr, prescribed ICS in the previous year, comparing the above 3 strategies, adjusting therapy every 3 months based on ACQ, spirometry and FeNO. Primary endpoints were asthma-related quality of life (AQLQ) and mean exacerbation (prednisone) rate at 12 mo.  Results  611 Patients were randomized in 132 practices, mean age 43 yr, 68% female. No statistically significant differences were observed in AQLQ scores between the 3 strategies at 12 mo (SC: 5.9(95%CI 5.8-6.0), PC: 6.0(5.9-6.2), FC: 6.0(5.8-6.1)). Mean exacerbation rate per year was SC 0.29, PC 0.29, and FC 0.20. Odds ratios for SC vs PC=1.41(0.60-3.30), FC vs PC=0.73(0.28-1.85), FC vs SC=0.52(0.20-1.30).  Conclusions  A treatment strategy aimed at strict asthma control, with or without FeNO guidance, did not improve quality of life or reduced exacerbations when compared with a strategy aimed at partial control. This suggests that treatment aimed at partial control suffices for asthma management.
Promises and delivery—a research imperative for new approaches to medical education
Authors: David Prideaux
Journal: BMJ (2004)

These four new medical schools aspire to be the pioneers of 21st century medical education, driven by the enthusiasm of local champions and the need to expand the national workforce.Their shared vision suggests a common set of educational principles, firmly grounded in best current practice but seeking to discover new routes to the goal of quality teaching and learning.The benefits should come to all-when we need the help of one of the next generation of doctors.
<i>HER-2</i> Expression and Cell Proliferation: Prognostic Markers in Patients With Node-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Annalisa Volpi, Oriana Nanni, Franca De Paola, Anna Maria Granato, Annita Mangia, Franco Monti, Francesco Schittulli, Mario De Lena, Emanuela Scarpi, Paola Rosetti, Manlio Monti, Lorenzo Gianni, Dino Amadori, Angelo Paradiso
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

We analyzed the clinical relevance of HER-2 expression, widely investigated in breast cancer but with contradictory results, in the largest case series of node-negative breast cancer patients investigated to date.The pure prognostic value of HER-2 expression was investigated in 529 patients treated with locoregional therapy alone until early relapse. Proliferative activity was evaluated as [3H]thymidine labeling index and HER-2 expression by immunohistochemistry. All biologic determinations were conducted within the context of an intra- and interlaboratory National Quality Control Program.HER-2 expression was not related to relapse-free survival in the overall series but was a significant discriminant of prognosis in the subgroup of patients with rapidly proliferating tumors. Six-year rate of relapse was 40% for patients with highly (> or =30%) positive tumors and 26% for those with weakly HER-2-expressing tumors (P =.039).HER-2 expression in association with proliferative activity identifies a subgroup of node-negative breast cancer patients with the worst prognosis, who are candidates for specific intensive adjuvant therapy.
Dual Targeting of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Using NVP-BEZ235 as a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Human Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Chintda Santiskulvong, Gottfried E. Konecny, Mirela Fekete, Kuang-Yui Michael Chen, Amer Karam, David Mulholland, Carol Eng, Hong Wu, Min Song, Oliver Dorigo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

This study evaluates the effect of dual PI3K and mTOR inhibition using NVP-BEZ235 in preclinical models of ovarian cancer as a potential novel therapeutic strategy.Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling by NVP-BEZ235 was demonstrated by immunoblotting. The effect on cell proliferation was assessed in 18 ovarian cancer cell lines, including four pairs of syngeneic cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant cell lines. The in vivo effects of NVP-BEZ235 on established tumor growth were evaluated using an immunocompetent, transgenic murine ovarian cancer model (LSL-K-ras(G12D/+)Pten(loxP/loxP)).NVP-BEZ235 decreased cell proliferation in all ovarian cancer cell lines assayed and sensitized cisplatin-resistant cells to the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin. Cell lines with PI3K-activating mutations or Pten deletions were significantly more sensitive to the effect of NVP-BEZ235 than cell lines without these mutations (P < 0.05). A statistically significant correlation was found between relative levels of p4E-BP1 and the IC(50) for NVP-BEZ235. In LSL-K-ras(G12D/+)Pten(loxP/loxP) mice with established intraperitoneal tumor disease, oral administration of NVP-BEZ235 decreased pAkt, p4E-BP1 and Ki67 in tumor tissue, and resulted in significantly longer survival compared to control animals (P < 0.05). NVP-BEZ235 also induced cell cycle arrest, caspase 3 activity, and reduced cell migration.Targeting PI3K and mTOR simultaneously using NVP-BEZ235 effectively inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth even in the presence of platinum resistance and prolongs survival of mice with intra-abdominal ovarian tumor disease. We propose that dual PI3K and mTOR inhibition using NVP-BEZ235 may be an effective novel therapeutic approach in patients with ovarian cancer.
The use of charge-coupled polymeric microparticles and micromagnets for modulating the bioavailability of orally delivered macromolecules
Authors: Benjamin A. Teply, Rong Tong, Seok Y. Jeong, Gaurav Luther, Ines Sherifi, Christopher H. Yim, Ali Khademhosseini, Omid C. Farokhzad, Robert S. Langer, Jianjun Cheng
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
REMARKS ON REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS
Authors: C. F. MARSHALL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1901)

Journal Article REMARKS ON REINFECTION IN SYPHILIS Get access C. F. MARSHALL, M.D., B.SC., F.R.C.S. C. F. MARSHALL, M.D., B.SC., F.R.C.S. Assistant‐Surgeon to the Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Blackfriars Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 13, Issue 8, 1 August 1901, Pages 288–291, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1901.tb16392.x Published: 01 August 1901
Sheep vibrissa dermal papillae induce hair follicle formation in heterotypic skin equivalents
Authors: S.A.J. WATSON, P. PISANSARAKIT, G.P.M. MOORE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Cultured skin equivalents were constructed by combining keratinocytes, outer root sheath cells or isolated epidermis, in vitro, with a matrix composed of collagen and cultured fibroblasts. When equivalents were grafted on to host animals, the epidermis thickened considerably, and tongues of cells penetrated the dermis, giving the dermal/epidermal junction a deeply sculptured profile. No cutaneous appendages were found in these grafts. We explored the possibility of inducing hair follicles by incorporating ovine hair follicle dermal papillae into constructs composed of an isolated epidermal sheet and a contracted dermal equivalent. In vitro, no morphogenetic changes associated with follicle formation were observed in the recombinants, but when grafted on to nude mice, follicle‐like structures were identified. The follicles were large, and had developed adjacent to the epidermis, indicating that the matrix environment of the induced follicles may not have been compatible with the downgrowth of the epidermal plugs normally observed during follicle formation in living skin. Nevertheless, in histological sections, the induced structures displayed many of the morphological characteristics of follicles in vivo, including the production of keratinized hairs. These results indicate that skin equivalents provide a useful model for the study of the chemical and structural features of matrices that facilitate hair follicle development.
Effects of long term treatment with an 1 adrenoceptor blocker on cardiac hypertrophy, contractility, and myosin isoenzymes in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: N. Takeda, I. Nakamura, T. Ohkubo, T. Iwai, A. Tanamura, M. Nagano
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Effects of long term treatment with an α1 adrenoceptor blocker on cardiac hypertrophy, contractility, and myosin isoenzymes in spontaneously hypertensive rats Get access Nobuakira Takeda, Nobuakira Takeda Department of Internal Medicine, Aoto Hospital, Jikei University School of Medicine, Aoto 6-41-2, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125, Japan Correspondence to: Dr Takeda Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Izuru Nakamura, Izuru Nakamura Department of Internal Medicine, Aoto Hospital, Jikei University School of Medicine, Aoto 6-41-2, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tadanari Ohkubo, Tadanari Ohkubo Department of Internal Medicine, Aoto Hospital, Jikei University School of Medicine, Aoto 6-41-2, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Takaaki Iwai, Takaaki Iwai Department of Internal Medicine, Aoto Hospital, Jikei University School of Medicine, Aoto 6-41-2, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Akira Tanamura, Akira Tanamura Department of Internal Medicine, Aoto Hospital, Jikei University School of Medicine, Aoto 6-41-2, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Makoto Nagano Makoto Nagano Department of Internal Medicine, Aoto Hospital, Jikei University School of Medicine, Aoto 6-41-2, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 7, July 1991, Pages 565–567, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.7.565 Published: 01 July 1991 Article history Received: 24 July 1990 Accepted: 20 February 1991 Published: 01 July 1991
Effect of CT screening on smoking habits at 1-year follow-up in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST)
Authors: H Ashraf, P Tonnesen, J Holst Pedersen, A Dirksen, H Thorsen, M Dossing
Journal: Thorax (2008)

<h3>Background:</h3> The effect of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer on smoking habits has not been reported in large randomised controlled trials. <h3>Methods:</h3> This study evaluated the effect on smoking habits of screening with low-dose CT at 1-year follow up in the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST), a 5-year randomised controlled trial comprising 4104 subjects; 2052 subjects received annual low-dose CT scan (CT group) and 2052 received no intervention (control group). Participants were healthy current and former smokers (&gt;4 weeks since smoking cessation) with a tobacco consumption of &gt;20 pack years. Smoking habits were determined at baseline and at annual screening. Smoking status was verified using exhaled carbon monoxide levels. Lung function tests, nicotine dependency and motivation to quit smoking were assessed. Quit rates and relapse rates were determined at 1-year follow-up for all subjects. <h3>Results:</h3> At 1 year the quit rates among smokers were 11.9% in the CT group and 11.8% in the control group (p = 0.95). Relapse rates for former smokers were 10.0% and 10.5% in the CT and control groups, respectively (p = 0.81). Significant predictors (p&lt;0.05) for smoking cessation were: high motivation to quit, low dependency, low ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity, low pack years, higher age, longer period of abstinence and CT findings necessitating 3-month repeat CT scans. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Overall, quit rates were similar in the CT and control group at 1-year follow-up, with a net quit rate of 6.0%. Quit rates were higher and relapse rate lower among subjects with initial CT findings that necessitated a repeat scan 3 months later.
Endometriosis and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion: pathological states resulting from aberrant modulation of natural killer cell function?
Authors: E Somigliana
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1999)

The observation that natural killer (NK) cell activity is abnormally low in endometriosis patients and abnormally high in women with otherwise unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion represents, at present, an intriguing curiosity. There is evidence suggesting that these conditions are associated with an opposite regulation of NK cell behaviour. This review discusses these observations and potential relationships.
Paroxetine-mediated GRK2 inhibition reverses cardiac dysfunction and remodeling after myocardial infarction
Authors: Sarah M. Schumacher, Erhe Gao, Weizhong Zhu, Xiongwen Chen, J. Kurt Chuprun, Arthur M. Feldman, John J. G. Tesmer, Walter J. Koch
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

GRK2 inhibition with paroxetine improves cardiac function independent of its central nervous system effects.
Response of respiratory motor output to varying pressure in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: N. Xirouhaki, E. Kondili, I Mitrouska, N Siafakas, D. Georgopoulos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

It has been shown in mechanically ventilated patients that pressure support (PS) unloads the respiratory muscles in a graded fashion depending on the PS level. The downregulation of respiratory muscles could be mediated through chemical or load-related reflex feedback. To test this hypothesis, 8 patients with acute lung injury mechanically ventilated on PS mode (baseline PS) were studied. In Protocol A, PS was randomly decreased or increased by at least 5 cmH2O for two breaths. During this time, which is shorter than circulation delay, only changes in load-related reflex feedback were operating. Sixty trials where PS increased (high PS) for two breaths and 62 trials where PS decreased (low PS), also for two breaths were analysed. Thereafter, the patients were assigned randomly to baseline, low or high PS and ventilated in each level for 30 min (Protocol B). The last 2 min of each period were analysed. Respiratory motor output was assessed by total pressure generated by the respiratory muscles (Pmus), computed from oesophageal pressure (Poes). In Protocol A, alteration in PS caused significant changes in tidal volume (VT) without any effect on Pmus waveform except for neural expiratory time (ntE). ntE increased significantly with increasing PS. In Protocol B, Pmus was significantly down-regulated with increasing PS. Carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood (Pa,CO2) measured at the end of each period increased with decreasing PS. There was not any further alteration in ntE beyond that observed in Protocol A. These results indicate that the effect of load-related reflex on respiratory motor output is limited to timing. The downregulation of pressure generated by the respiratory muscles with steady-state increase in pressure support is due to a slow feedback system, which is probably chemical in nature.
Trends in Use of and Reproductive Outcomes Associated With Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Authors: Sheree L. Boulet, Akanksha Mehta, Dmitry M. Kissin, Lee Warner, Jennifer F. Kawwass, Denise J. Jamieson
Journal: JAMA (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is increasingly used in patients without severe male factor infertility without clear evidence of a benefit over conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF). <h3>Objective</h3> To assess national trends and reproductive outcomes for fresh IVF cycles (embryos transferred without being frozen) following the use of ICSI compared with conventional IVF with respect to clinical indications for ICSI use. <h3>Design, Setting, and Population</h3> Retrospective cohort study using data on fresh IVF and ICSI cycles reported to the US National Assisted Reproductive Technology Surveillance System during 1996-2012. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Trends in ICSI use during 1996-2012 with respect to male factor infertility, unexplained infertility, maternal age 38 years or older, low oocyte yield, and 2 or more prior assisted reproductive technology cycles; reproductive outcomes for conventional IVF and ICSI cycles during 2008-2012, stratified by the presence or absence of male factor infertility. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 1 395 634 fresh IVF cycles from 1996 through 2012, 908 767 (65.1%) used ICSI and 499 135 (35.8%) reported male factor infertility. Among cycles with male factor infertility, ICSI use increased from 76.3% (10 876/14 259) to 93.3% (32 191/34 506) (<i>P</i> &lt; .001) during 1996-2012; for those without male factor infertility, ICSI use increased from 15.4% (4197/27 191) to 66.9% (42 321/63 250) (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). During 2008-2012, male factor infertility was reported for 35.7% (176 911/494 907) of fresh cycles. Among those cycles, ICSI use was associated with a lower multiple birth rate compared with conventional IVF (30.9% vs 34.2%; adjusted relative risk [RR], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.83-0.91). Among cycles without male factor infertility (n = 317 996), ICSI use was associated with lower rates of implantation (23.0% vs 25.2%; adjusted RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91-0.95), live birth (36.5% vs 39.2%; adjusted RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.97), and multiple live birth (30.1% vs 31.0%; adjusted RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91-0.95) vs conventional IVF. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among fresh IVF cycles in the United States, ICSI use increased from 36.4% in 1996 to 76.2% in 2012, with the largest relative increase among cycles without male factor infertility. Compared with conventional IVF, ICSI use was not associated with improved postfertilization reproductive outcomes, irrespective of male factor infertility diagnosis.
Giucagon in Prevention and Abolition of Ouabain-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia in Normokalemic and Hypokalemic Dogs
Authors: Stanley Einzig, Edward P. Todd, Demetre M. Nicoloff, Russell V. Lucas
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

A recent study suggested that glucagon has antiarrhythmic properties in addition to its positive inotropic effect. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of glucagon in preventing and converting ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) in normokalemic and hypokalemic dogs. Paired studies were made in ten normokalemic dogs and in eight dogs rendered hypokalemic by diet and hydrochlorothiazide. All dogs were pretreated with glucagon, and the amount of ouabain required to produce VT was measured. Each dog served as its own control in a second study in which normal saline was substituted for glucagon. When VT was produced during the control study, the response to a bolus injection of glucagon was evaluated. (1) Pretreatment with glucagon delayed the appearance of VT in hypokalemic dogs but not in normokalemic dogs. (2) Glucagon, by bolus injection, converted VT to sinus rhythm in 78% of the normokalemic dogs and in 100% of the hypokalemic dogs. (3) The mechanisms by which glucagon exerts its antiarrhythmic effect are not clearly defined.
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Presenting as Othello Syndrome: Case Presentation and Review of the Literature
Authors: Anna Yusim,, Deepti Anbarasan, Carol Bernstein, Istvan Boksay, Michael Dulchin, Jean-Pierre Lindenmayer, Carlos Saavedra-Velez, Maksim Shapiro, Benjamin Sadock
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)