tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopy, Ovarian and Endometrial Biopsies in Secondary Amenorrhea
Authors: J.A. Poruondo, R.F. Tejada, J.A. Benito, F.J. Bilbao
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

A series of 114 patients complaining of secondary amenorrhea underwent laparoscopy and ovarian biopsy to evaluate ovarian function. Endometrial biopsy were performed on 81 patients. Smooth-inactive and polycystic-sclerocystic ovaries are the two more frequent gross ovarian findings. Normal ovarian histology was found in 61% of the series, Stein-Leventhal in 17% and ovarian fibrosis in 22%. Atrophic wrinkled ovaries should be biopsied to identify possible ovarian failure. Sclerocystic-polycystic, smooth-inactive, and normally active ovaries are not recommended for biopsy, since equally valuable information may be obtained from the gross ovarian appearance. Proliferative and atrophic endometrium are the two most frequent pathologic reports in secondary amenorrhea patients. Laparoscopic gross ovarian appearance, ovarian biopsy and endometrial biopsy should be considered as an alternative in the diagnostic management with secondary amenorrhea, when sophisticated laboratory assays are not readily available.
Aortic Valve Surgery as an Emergency Procedure
Authors: ADOLPH M. HUTTER, ROMAN W. DE SANCTIS, MARTIN J. NATHAN, MORTIMER J. BUCKLEY, ELDRED D. MUNDTH, WILLARD M. DAGGETT, W. GERALD AUSTEN
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Twenty-three patients critically ill from aortic valvular disease underwent emergency aortic valve replacement as a life-saving measure. Sixteen patients (70%) survived hospitalization and 14 (61%) are presently living. Of eighteen patients who underwent solitary aortic valve replacement, there were four hospital deaths and two late deaths. Five patients required double valve surgery, with three hospital deaths and no late deaths. The survivors often had dramatic improvement and have done well during an average follow-up period of 9 months. The major factor contributing to mortality after surgery was irreversible myocardial damage particularly evident in patients with longstanding severe valvular disease. Valve replacement can be successfully accomplished in patients critically ill with aortic valve disease, especially if it occurs as an isolated lesion.
β‐thalassemia arising as a new mutation in an American child
Authors: Peter A. Noronha, George R. Honig
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

A 6-year-old child of northern European ancestry was found to have microcytic, hypochromic anemia with an elevated level of hemoglobin A2 and an unbalanced pattern of globin chain synthesis characteristic of beta-thalassemia trait. Hematologic and globin synthesis studies of both parents yielded entirely normal results. Identification of the mother and father as the biological parents was established with a high order of reliability by determination of erythrocyte, serum, and HLA genetic markers. These findings suggest that the picture of beta-thalassemia observed in this child represents a new mutation.
Spread of Artemisinin Resistance in Malaria
Authors: Michael Hawkes, Andrea L Conroy, Kevin C Kain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

To the Editor: Ashley et al. (July 31 issue)1 recently described the spread of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to artemisinin across Southeast Asia but not Africa. This and other studies2,3 included patients with uncomplicated malaria, whereas young children with severe malaria in Africa represent a key population of interest with the highest mortality burden. From the placebo group of our recent (2011 to 2013) randomized, controlled trial in Uganda,4 we quantified parasite-clearance kinetics using identical methods (standardized parasite-clearance estimator)5 among 91 children with severe falciparum malaria treated with intravenous artesunate. The median clearance half-life was 4.6 hours (interquartile range, 3.6 . . .
BMA rejects chief medical officer's proposals on medical regulation
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The BMA has rejected some of the key proposals put forward by England's chief medical officer to change the way doctors are regulated. The BMA describes Liam Donaldson's report Good Doctors, Safer Patients , which was published in July ( BMJ 2006;333:163), as a “missed opportunity” that has failed to gauge the mood of the profession and its commitment to change. 

In particular the BMA opposes the report's proposal to lower the standard of proof needed to strike off a doctor from the criminal one of “beyond all reasonable doubt” to the civil standard of “balance of probability.” 

James Johnson, chairman of the BMA, said: “We welcome several of the chief medical officer's recommendations, particularly those that move towards supporting doctors with performance problems. Other recommendations we …
Research into psoriasis.
Authors: P R Burch, N R Rowell
Journal: BMJ (1971)

1971coronary care.This means that individuals trained in coronary care and conver-ant with the use and limitations of antiarrhythmic agents should reach the patient as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms, relieve pain, stabilize the rhythm, and monitor the patient continuously during his transport to the coronary care unit.It also means that the patient must be admitted directly to the hospital coronary care unit, since delay and disturbance in the casualty department may aggravate the early dysrhythmias and lead to extension of the area of infarction.2-Weare, etc.,
Innervation of the blood vessels in guinea-pig atria
Authors: R. MALOR, C. J. GRIFFIN, S. TAYLOR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

The innervation of the smaller arterial vessels and capillaries of the guinea-pig atria was examined with the electron microscope. The terminal arterioles and the arteriolar capillaries were found to have a dense innervation, as did the true capillaries. An encapsulated arteriole — nerve complex has been described and its possible function as a pressure receptor discussed.
Abstract LB-106: A novel TCL1-Tg:p53−/− mouse model of human CLL
Authors: Jinyun Liu, Gang Chen, Li Feng, Wan Zhang, Helene Pelicano, Weiqing Lu, Hesham Amin, Michael Keating, Carlo M. Croce, Peng Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in the United States and Europe. CLL patients with loss of p53 due to chromosome 17p deletion often exhibit more malignant disease phenotype, are refractory to standard treatment, and have poor clinical outcomes. Although there are several mouse models that resemble the chronic disease processes of CLL, no animal model has been reported that mimic the aggressive disease phenotype of CLL with loss of p53. To facilitate the investigation of the biology of aggressive CLL with loss of p53 and the underlying mechanisms, we generated a mouse model with Eu-TCL1-Tg:p53−/− genotype by crossing the Eu-TCL1-Tg mice with p53 knockout mice. The Eu-TCL1-Tg:p53−/- mice developed CLL disease at 3-4 months, significantly earlier than the parental Eu-TCL1-Tg mice that developed CLL disease at 8-12 months. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the IgM+/CD5+ cell population appeared in the peritoneal cavity, bone marrow, and the spleens of Eu-TCL1-Tg:p53−/- mice significantly earlier than that of the parental Eu-TCL1-Tg mice. Massive infiltration and accumulation of leukemia cells were found in the spleen, liver, and peritoneal cavity. In vitro study showed that the leukemia cells isolated from the Eu-TCL1-Tg:p53−/- mice were more resistant to fludarabine treatment than the leukemia cells isolated from spleens of TCL1-Tg mice. Interestingly, TUNEL assay revealed that there was higher apoptotic cell death found in the TCL1-Tg spleen tissue compared to the spleens of the Eu-TCL1-Tg:p53−/- mice, suggesting that the loss of p53 compromises the apoptotic process in vivo, and this might in part explain the drug resistant phenotype of CLL cells with 17p deletion. Further molecular analysis showed that the expression of MCL-1, a key survival molecule for CLL, was significantly increased at the mRNA and protein levels in the leukemia cells isolated from Eu-TCL1-Tg:p53−/- mice, which seemed to be associated with the abnormal expression of certain microRNAs including miR15a and miR-16. Overall, the Eu-TCL1-Tg:p53−/- mice display a disease phenotypes that resemble human CLL with 17p deletion, and represent a useful animal model for mechanistic study as well as evaluation of in vivo therapeutic efficacy of anti-CLL agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-106. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-106
7, 12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Adduct Formation With Syrian Hamster Cheek Pouch Epithelial DNA: In Vitro Studies in Organ Explant Culture
Authors: A. G. Lurie, J. E. Coghill, D. L. Rozenski
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Studies examined the binding of radiolabeled 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) to epithelial DNA of hamster cheek pouch (HCP) maintained in organ explant culture. Adduct formation was studied as functions of [3H]DMBA dose, of the time after single [3H]DMBA applications, and of the route by which the DMBA was administered--either topically or in the culture media. Total DMBA-DNA adduct formation [total binding index (TBI)] was determined by DNA-bound 3H activity, and qualitative binding characteristics were further studied by high-pressure liquid chromatography. [3H]DMBA was applied either in the culture media at concentrations of 0.005-0.5 micrograms/ml or topically in mineral oil or ethanol in doses of 0.005-0.5 micrograms to each tissue fragment. Histopathologic changes in DMBA-treated HCP fragments included substantial aberrations in maturation of cornified and keratin layers and focal squamatization and dysplasia of the basal epithelium--considerable tissue necrosis was encountered in the high-DMBA-dose groups. Dose-response data were qualitatively similar among treatment types, with the greatest TBIs in topical ethanol groups and the lowest TBIs in culture medium groups. Kinetics of adduct formation and removal showed a rapid increase in TBIs to peak values at 24-72 hours followed by a biphasic decrease in TBIs, which leveled off at 7%-20% of peak values at 120-240 hours. Chromatographic analyses of selected samples at various times from all treatment groups showed three major peaks that are likely to be the same 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3,4-dihydroxy-1, 2-oxide-deoxyribonucleoside adducts observed in other rodent in vivo and cell culture systems. These results are consistent with those of other laboratories studying DMBA-DNA interactions and suggest that in vitro studies of DMBA-treated HCP explants are useful in studying the molecular nature of DMBA-DNA interactions in oral mucosal carcinogenesis.
Reduction in mortality from breast cancer
Authors: Graeme W Morgan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Reduction in mortality from breast cancerDecrease with screening was marked in younger age group Editor-Based on a complicated statistical model, Olsen et al reported that the breast cancer mortality in Copenhagen dropped by 25% for women aged 50-79 when comparing mortality in the screening period (1991-2001) with a pre-screening period (1981-91) and claimed that this decrease was caused by screening. 1According to Statistics Denmark, 217 breast cancer deaths occurred in Copenhagen in the age group 35-54 years in the period 1981-90 and 196 deaths in 1991-2000. 2By comparing these data with those in the article by Olsen et al we calculate that less than 5% of the breast cancer mortality in this age group is caused by tumours diagnosed after age 50 years when women were invited to screening.The number of exposure years increased from about 484 000 to about 538 000.This gives a significant 19% (age adjusted) reduction in breast cancer mortality in the age group 35-54 years.No reduction at all occurred in the age group 55-79. 2Our estimates are based on raw and complete data.In contrast, the estimates in the paper by Olsen et al are sensitive to exclusion of data and model choice.In Copenhagen a drop in breast cancer mortality may reflect a higher fertility quotient due to non-Western immigration, fewer nulliparous women, and other non-screening related factors.It is therefore strange that no causal note was made by Olsen et al on the marked decrease in the breast cancer mortality in the age group 35-54 years.
A collagen-mimetic triple helical supramolecule that evokes integrin-dependent cell responses
Authors: Chisato M. Yamazaki, Yuichi Kadoya, Kentaro Hozumi, Hitomi Okano-Kosugi, Shinichi Asada, Kouki Kitagawa, Motoyoshi Nomizu, Takaki Koide
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Short-Term and Long-Term Memory in Elderly Patients with NIDDM
Authors: Eeva-Liisa Helkala, Leo Niskanen, Heimo Viinamaki, Juhani Partanen, Matti Uusitupa
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To determine cognitive and memory dysfunction associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and its relationship with depression, metabolic control, and serum lipids. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied a well-characterized group of 20 elderly patients with NIDDM and 22 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance recruited from a larger population-based sample. In addition to clinical and laboratory examinations, self-rating questionnaires that assess minor psychiatric disorder (General Health Questionnaire) and depression (Zung scale) were completed by patients and control subjects. Memory was examined with digit and block-span tests, word-list learning, Heaton Visual Memory Test, and Moss Visual Span Test. Executive functions were examined by Trail-Making A and A and B test and by Verbal and Category Fluency Tests. Visuoconstructive reasoning was examined with the block design subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. RESULTS The NIDDM patients showed preserved memory span, but poor performance in learning tasks compared with control subjects. The patients recalled no fewer words than the control subjects, but the process of learning seemed to be different in the two groups. The recognition of the learned words was not impaired. Elevated serum total and very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride levels, measured either before examinations or 5 or 10 years earlier, were associated with effects on retrieval from semantic memory in NIDDM patients. CONCLUSIONS The NIDDM patients had impaired control of their learning processes. Elevated serum triglyceride levels may be related to control of mental processing in diabetic patients.
Medical discipline. Part V. Constitutional considerations- protection of physicians' rights
Authors: B. E. Vodicka
Journal: JAMA (1975)

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REPORT ON THE OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF DR. PRESTON'S CASES OF ARTERIO-SCLEROSIS.
Authors: HARRY FRIEDENWALD
Journal: JAMA (1891)

As a preface to the short report of the result of the ophthalmoscopic examination of Dr. Preston's cases, I should like to state that it is but recently that attention has been attracted to those changes of the retinal arteries as are found in general arterio-sclerosis. A few years ago Ole Bull described several cases of disease in the retinal arteries, and showed how this was the cause of symptoms frequently ascribed to embolism. Raehlmann made an exceedingly careful study of the relation between general and retinal arterio sclerosis, besides collecting a few scattered cases in literature. He examined ninety cases of general arterio-sclerosis and found that in most cases the retinal arteries were narrow and tortuous, that 19 per cent, showed whitish margins along the retinal arteries, that 21 per cent, presented localized narrowings in their course, but that retinal aneurisms are very rare. Confining ourselves to these signs
Abstract LB-200: Potent antitumor activity of MLN0128, an investigational selective mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitor, in preclinical models of rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Emily Slotkin, Parag Patwardhan, Shyamprasad Vasudeva Deraje, Gary Schwartz, Tap William
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis regulates growth and homeostasis, and is often dysregulated in rhabdomyosarcoma. Agents that target mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), one of the two multi-protein complexes comprising the serine-threonine kinase mTOR, have been disappointing in clinical trials, and novel therapeutics are urgently needed to treat patients with relapsed, refractory, or metastatic alveolar (ARMS) and embryonal (ERMS) rhabdomyosarcoma. It is hypothesized that modest clinical results with mTORC1 only inhibitors may be attributed to the lack of inhibition of the second mTOR complex, mTORC2, and its downstream effectors, as well as release of mTOR-mediated negative feedback of the pathway that leads to activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and feedback activation of AKT. In the present preclinical study, MLN0128, a selective and highly potent inhibitor of both mTORC1 and mTORC2, was tested for its antitumor activity in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model. Data suggest that the anti-proliferative effect of MLN-0128 was superior to rapamycin, a selective mTORC1 inhibitor, in a broad panel of ERMS and ARMS cell lines where it was found to be highly effective at low concentrations from 5 to 175 nanomolar. Western immunoblot analysis of treated cells showed inhibition of phosphorylation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 targets including phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (pS6), phospho-p70-S6K, phospho-AKT-S473, phospho-AKT-T308, and phospho-4E-BP1. Apoptosis in both ERMS and ARMS cell lines was confirmed by the presence of cleaved poly ADP ribose. Additionally, MLN0128 was found to have superior anti-tumor effect in a xenograft model of rhabdomyosarcoma without significant toxicity when compared with rapamycin. These pre-clinical studies support further research of MLN0128 as a potential therapeutic approach for patients with ARMS and ERMS. Citation Format: Emily Slotkin, Parag Patwardhan, Shyamprasad Vasudeva Deraje, Gary Schwartz, Tap William. Potent antitumor activity of MLN0128, an investigational selective mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitor, in preclinical models of rhabdomyosarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-200. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-200
PTU-173 Long Term Follow Up After Successful Radiofrequency Ablation For Barrett’s Related Neoplasia Is Essential To Diagnose Recurrent Disease: Data From The United Kingdom Patient Registry
Authors: RJ Haidry, M Banks, A Gupta, M Butt, G Fullarton, H Smart, J Morris, R Willert, R Narayanasamy, M Rodriguez-Justo, M Novelli, L Lovat
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for patients with Barrett’s oesphagus (BE) related mucosal neoplasia has been shown to be safe and effective. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for visible lesions followed by RFA is now recommended practice for these patients. Although success rates are high for disease reversal at 12 months it is appreciated that recurrence after eradication of dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia (IM) can occur in up to 25% of patients. There is still debate as to what are the optimum endoscopic follow up intervals after successful treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> We examine prospective data from United Kingdom (UK) registry of patients undergoing RFA/EMR for BE related neoplasia over the past 5 years. We aim to establish the frequency and time of recurrences after successful treatment. Before RFA, visible lesions were removed by EMR. Thereafter patients underwent RFA every 3 months. Biopsies were taken at 12 months for clearance of dysplasia (CR-D) and BE (CR-IM). Durability and recurrence for those with successful eradication was analysed. After successful treatment patients were followed up at 3 monthly for the first year, 6 month intervals for second year and annually thereafter. Biopsies were taken from 1cm below the neo z-line and from the previously treated BE segment. <h3>Results</h3> A total 508 patients have been treated. At 12 months CR-D was 85% (428/508) and CR-IM 70% (354/508). For those with successful outcomes at 12 months who remain in follow up, median time to their most recent biopsy is 20 months from start of treatment (range 2–72). Kaplan Meier survival statistics predict that at 5 years 75% of patients are likely to be free of dysplasia and 74% free of IM. Median time to recurrence for dysplasia is 380 days (IQR 177–619), and IM 573 days (IQR 237–816). There were 21 patients with recurrent dysplasia, 48% occurred within the first year after successful treatment, 29% in the second year, 14% in the third year and only 9% after 4 years. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The majority of recurrences after successful RFA occur within the first 2 years (16/21–76%). These date support the practice of vigilant long term follow of patients who are fit for endoscopy after treatment with RFA. More intensive and frequent follow up should take place in the first 2 years when the majority of recurrences occur. Thereafter annual follow up appears adequate. <i>All collaborators of the UK RFA registry are acknowledged for their contributions to this work.</i> <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.