tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aminoglycoside ototoxicity susceptibility in cystic fibrosis
Authors: S A Mulrennan, J Helm, R B. Thomas, M Dodd, A Jones, K Webb
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Ototoxicity is a recognised dose-related complication of aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Predisposition to these ototoxic effects, even when levels are within the therapeutic range, is associated with an inherited mitochondrial DNA mutation known as m.1555A>G.1 2

We report a case of a 22-year-old woman with cystic fibrosis (CF), genotype delta F508 homozygous, with bilateral high frequency hearing loss. This was discovered when an audiogram (not previously performed) was requested for routine screening by our centre before commencement of nebulised TOBI (preservative-free pH-adjusted preparation of tobramycin for inhalation).

She had a history of diabetes mellitus, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and developed chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection when aged 5 …
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Events during Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Angela M. Eastham, Helen Spencer, Francesca Soncin, Sarah Ritson, Catherine L.R. Merry, Peter L. Stern, Christopher M. Ward
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs during embryonic development and may also be associated with the metastatic spread of epithelial tumors. During EMT, E-cadherin is down-regulated and this correlates with increased motility and invasion of cells. We show that differentiation of human embryonic stem (ES) cells in monolayer culture is associated with an E- to N-cadherin switch, increased vimentin expression, up-regulation of E-cadherin repressor molecules (Snail and Slug proteins), and increased gelatinase (matrix metalloproteinases; MMP-2 and MMP-9) activity and cellular motility, all characteristic EMT events. The 5T4 oncofetal antigen, previously shown to be associated with early human ES cell differentiation, is also part of this process. Abrogation of E-cadherin–mediated cell-cell contact in undifferentiated ES cells using neutralizing antibody (nAb) SHE78.7 resulted in increased cellular motility, altered actin cytoskeleton arrangement and a mesenchymal phenotype together with presentation of the 5T4 antigen at the cell surface. nAb-treated ES cells remained in an undifferentiated state, as assessed by OCT-4 protein expression, and did not express EMT-associated transcripts. Removal of nAb from ES cells resulted in the restoration of cell-cell contact, absence of cell surface 5T4, decreased mesenchymal cellular morphology and motility, and enabled the differentiation of the cells to the three germ layers upon their removal from the fibroblast feeder layer. We conclude that E-cadherin functions in human ES cells to stabilize the cortical actin cyoskeletal arrangement and this prevents cell surface localization of the 5T4 antigen. Furthermore, human ES cells represent a useful model system with which to study EMT events relevant to embryonic development and tumor cell metastasis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(23):11254–62]
Alpha-fetoprotein producing pulmonary blastoma in a patient with systemic sclerosis: pathogenetic analysis
Authors: I Kasuga, D Miyamoto, Y Ichinose, W Chimangul, K Minemura, K Utsumi, M Yonemaru, H Serizawa, Y Ebihara, K Toyama
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

We describe a rare case of pulmonary blastoma complicated with systemic sclerosis. The serum alpha-fetoprotein level was elevated at presentation and the biopsied tumour stained positively against anti-alpha-fetoprotein antibody. The alpha-fetoprotein produced autonomously by tumour cells was of yolk-sac origin. Although the pathogenesis of pulmonary blastoma has not been clarified, we suggest that this pulmonary blastoma is a type of yolk-sac tumour.
Clinical Efficacy of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthroplasty as a Curative Procedure for Hallux Interphalangeal Joint Wounds in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: David G. Armstrong, Lawrence A. Lavery, Jefferey R. Vazquez, Brian Short, Heather R. Kimbriel, Brent P. Nixon, Andrew J.M. Boulton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate the safety and efficacy of first metatarsophalangeal joint arthroplasty compared with standard, nonsurgical management of wounds at the plantar hallux interphalangeal joint in patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We evaluated 41 patients with ulcers classified as University of Texas Grade 1A or 2A at the plantar aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint using a case-control model. Case subjects were patients treated with resectional arthroplasty and control subjects received standard nonsurgical care. Both groups received standard off-loading and wound care. Outcomes included time to healing, reulceration, infection, and amputation. RESULTS—The surgery group healed significantly faster than patients in the standard therapy group (standard 67.1 ± 17.1 versus sugery 24.2 ± 9.9 days, P = 0.0001), and they had fewer recurrent ulcers (standard 35.0 versus surgery 4.8%, P = 0.02, odds ratio 7.6, 95% CI 1.1–261.7) Both groups had similar rates of infection (standard 38.1 versus surgery 40.0%, P = 0.9) and amputation (standard 10.0 versus surgery 4.8%, P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS—Results suggest that resectional arthroplasty is a safe and effective procedure to treat wounds of the plantar hallux compared with nonsurgical therapy.
Evidence for oesophageal and anorectal involvement in very early systemic sclerosis (VEDOSS): report from a single VEDOSS/EUSTAR centre
Authors: Gemma Lepri, Serena Guiducci, Silvia Bellando-Randone, Iacopo Giani, Cosimo Bruni, Jelena Blagojevic, Giulia Carnesecchi, Alessandra Radicati, Filippo Pucciani, Matucci-Cerinic Marco
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Background The oesophagus is the first gastrointestinal (GI) tract involved in systemic sclerosis (SSc), followed by the anorectum. Objective Evaluation of oesophageal and anorectal involvement and their correlations in patients with very early diagnosis of SSc (VEDOSS). Patients and methods 59 patients with VEDOSS, evaluated with oesophageal and anorectal manometry and investigated with lung function tests and chest HRCT. Demographic data, oesophageal and anorectal symptoms, Raynaud's phenomenon, autoantibodies, videocapillaroscopy patterns, puffy fingers and digital ulcers were recorded for all patients. Results In 4 patients oesophageal manometry and in 17 patients anorectal manometry was not performed because of scarce tolerance. Oesophageal peristalsis was absent in 14 patients; its pressure and speed were significantly lower in 41 patients (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). The maximum pressure and mean pressure (Pmax and Pm) of lower oesophageal sphincter were significantly lower (p=0.012 and p=0.024, respectively). Patients with a diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide&lt;80% presented a hypotonic lower oesophageal sphincter (p=0.008) and an abnormal peristalsis (p&lt;0.001); patients with a diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide&gt;80% showed only an abnormal peristalsis (&lt;0.001). The anal resting pressure (ARP) at 4.3 cm and 2 cm from anal edge and the anal canal Pm were significantly decreased (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.010, respectively). The maximum voluntary contraction was significantly abnormal in its Pmax and Pm (p=0.017 and p=0.005) and in its duration (p=0.001). In patients with a positive HRCT, the ARP and the canal Pmax and Pm were significantly lower; patients with negative HRCT presented only an abnormal ARP. Conclusions In patients with VEDOSS, oesophageal and anorectal disorders are frequently detected, showing that very early SSc is characterised by GI involvement.
Role of interleukin 6 in myocardial dysfunction of meningococcal septic shock
Authors: Nazima Pathan, Cheryl A Hemingway, Ash A Alizadeh, Alick C Stephens, Jennifer C Boldrick, Emmanuelle E Oragui, Colm McCabe, Steven B Welch, Adeline Whitney, Peter O'Gara, Simon Nadel, David A Relman, Sian E Harding, Michael Levin
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in France: 2001
Authors: F Guillemin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Prevalence estimates of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) vary across Europe. Recent estimates in southern European countries showed a lower prevalence than in northern countries.To estimate the prevalence of RA in France in a multiregional representative sample in the year 2001.A two stage random sample was constituted in seven areas (20 counties) from the national telephone directory of households and by the next birthday method in each household. Patient-interviewers, member of self help groups, were trained to administer telephone surveys using a validated questionnaire for case detection of inflammatory rheumatism, and conducted the survey under quality control. All suspected cases of RA were confirmed by their rheumatologist or by clinical examination. Prevalence estimates after probability sampling correction were standardised for age and sex (national census 1999).An average response rate of 64.7% (two stages combined) led to a total of 9395 respondents. Standardised prevalence was 0.31% (95% confidence interval 0.18 to 0.48) for RA, 0.51% in women and 0.09% in men, with a higher age-specific prevalence in the 65-74 year age band. A geographical analysis of county clustering showed significant variation across the country.This national multiregional cooperative study demonstrates the usefulness of working in association with patients of self help groups. It showed a similar prevalence of RA to that of the spondyloarthropathies estimated concomitantly during the survey. It provides a reliable basis for definition of population targets for healthcare delivery and drug treatments.
Anthropometric risk factors for patellar tendon injury among volleyball players
Authors: P Malliaras, J L Cook, P M Kent
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Abnormal imaging in the patellar tendon reveals pathology that is often associated with knee pain. Anthropometric measures of body size and mass, such as height, weight and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), have been individually associated with abnormal imaging. The aim of this study was to investigate the anthropometric factors that have the strongest relationship with abnormal imaging in volleyball players.Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist girth, hip girth and WHR were measured in a cohort of 113 competitive volleyball players (73 men, 40 women). The univariate (ANOVA) and multivariable (discriminant function analysis) association between abnormal imaging and these anthropometric factors were investigated.No significant association was found in the female volleyball players. A significant univariate association was observed between abnormal imaging and heavier weight, greater BMI, larger waist and hip girth and larger WHR in the male volleyball players. Waist girth was the only factor that retained this association in a multivariable model (p<0.05).Men with a waist girth greater than 83 cm seem to be at greater risk of developing patellar tendon pathology. There may be both mechanical and biochemical reasons for this increased risk.
CD4+ T Cells Are Able to Promote Tumor Growth through Inhibition of Tumor-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses in Tumor-Bearing Hosts
Authors: Annemieke Th. den Boer, Geertje J.D. van Mierlo, Marieke F. Fransen, Cornelis J.M. Melief, Rienk Offringa, René E.M. Toes
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Modulation of the immune response by established tumors may contribute to the limited success of therapeutic vaccination for the treatment of cancer compared with vaccination in a preventive setting. We analyzed the contribution of the CD4+ T-cell population to the induction or suppression of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in a tumor model in which eradication of tumors crucially depends on CD8+ T cell–mediated immunity. Vaccine-mediated induction of protective antitumor immunity in the preventive setting (i.e., before tumor challenge) was CD4+ T cell dependent because depletion of this T-cell subset prevented CD8+ T-cell induction. In contrast, depletion of CD4+ cells in mice bearing established E1A+ tumors empowered the mice to raise strong CD8+ T-cell immunity capable of tumor eradication without the need for tumor-specific vaccination. Spontaneous eradication of tumors, which had initially grown out, was similarly observed in MHC class II–deficient mice, supporting the notion that the tumor-bearing mice harbor a class II MHC–restricted CD4+ T-cell subset capable of suppressing a tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell immune response. The deleterious effects of the presence of CD4+ T cells in tumor-bearing hosts could be overcome by CD40-triggering or injection of CpG. Together these results show that CD4+ T cells with a suppressive activity are rapidly induced following tumor development and that their suppressive effect can be overcome by agents that activate professional antigen-presenting cells. These observations are important for the development of immune interventions aiming at treatment of cancer.
Mitotic Arrest Deficient 2 Expression Induces Chemosensitization to a DNA-Damaging Agent, Cisplatin, in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Hiu Wing Cheung, Dong-Yan Jin, Ming-tat Ling, Yong Chuan Wong, Qi Wang, Sai Wah Tsao, Xianghong Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Recently, mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2)–mediated spindle checkpoint is shown to induce mitotic arrest in response to DNA damage, indicating overlapping roles of the spindle checkpoint and DNA damage checkpoint. In this study, we investigated if MAD2 played a part in cellular sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, especially cisplatin, and whether it was regulated through mitotic checkpoint. Using nine nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines, we found that decreased MAD2 expression was correlated with cellular resistance to cisplatin compared with the cell lines with high levels of MAD2. Exogenous MAD2 expression in NPC cells also conferred sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents especially cisplatin but not other anticancer drugs with different mechanisms of action. The increased cisplatin sensitivity in MAD2 transfectants was associated with mitotic arrest and activation of apoptosis pathway evidenced by the increased mitotic index and apoptosis rate as well as decreased Bcl-2 and Bax ratio and expression of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase 3. Our results indicate that the MAD2-induced chemosensitization to cisplatin in NPC cells is mediated through the induction of mitotic arrest, which in turn activates the apoptosis pathway. Our evidence further confirms the previous hypothesis that spindle checkpoint plays an important part in DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest and suggests a novel role of MAD2 in cellular sensitivity to cisplatin.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Arjun Sinha, Jasmine Rassiwala, Nora Goldschlager
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Vitamins and sport.
Authors: B. V. Dam
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1978)

In a double blind test on 40 men and women high performance fencers the influence of a multivitamin-electrolyte-preparation on reaction time, hit-frequency and neuromuscular irritability was determined. Evidence of B1, B2 and B6-deficiencies up to 70% were found. After application of the preparation an increase of performance of 3% could be observed. The tests were carried out by means of coenzymatic activation of the respective vitamins in the haemolysate of erythrocytes. The results are explained by the role of the vitamins in the human organism and by the special conditions under which endurance athletes have to perform: high turn-over rate of the energy metabolism, an increase of the body core temperature and thus increased sweat loss, factors leading to deficiencies of the water soluble B-vitamins.
Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission
Authors: Benoit Guery, Julien Poissy, Loubna el Mansouf, Caroline Séjourné, Nicolas Ettahar, Xavier Lemaire, Fanny Vuotto, Anne Goffard, Sylvie Behillil, Vincent Enouf, Valérie Caro, Alexandra Mailles, Didier Che, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, Daniel Mathieu, Arnaud Fontanet, Sylvie van der Werf
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
STUDIES IN DIABETIC ACIDOSIS AND COMA, WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE RETENTION OF ADMINISTERED POTASSIUM
Authors: T. S. Danowski, J. H. Peters, J. C. Rathbun, J. M. Quashnock, L. Greenman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)

Abnormally low concentrations of potassium, at times associated with muscular paralysis, have been observed in the serum of diabetic patients while under treatment for acidosis or coma (1)(2)(3)(4).Available data indicate that deficits of cell potas- sium are also present in at least some of these subjects (5).In an attempt to characterize and quantitate the magnitude of these deficits, ex- changes of water, electrolytes, carbohydrate, and protein have been investigated in diabetic acidosis and coma prior to, during, and following the ad- ministration of potassium salts. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND METHODSEight cases in all have been studied.Of these, two were adults and the remaining six juvenile diabetics 16 years of age or younger.On admission all had Kuss- maul breathing, a marked reduction of the serum bicar- bonate content, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and ketonuria.Studies during treatment and recovery were divided into three periods.The first or pre-KCl period extended from admission to the point where the patients had im- proved sufficiently to be maintained on an oral intake.During this time insulin, 0.9 per cent saline, and, once the blood sugar began to drop, glucose solutions were admin- istered in amounts summarized in Table I.Under this treatment ketosis diminished, overbreathing ceased, hy- perglycemia decreased, and mental clarity returned.This interval lasted 12 to 25 hours in the individual subjects.During the second or KC1 period, 22 to 37 hours in
Sequential therapy for the locally advanced larynx and hypopharynx cancer subgroup in TAX 324: survival, surgery, and organ preservation
Authors: M.R. Posner, C.M. Norris, L.J. Wirth, D.M. Shin, K.J. Cullen, E.W. Winquist, C.R. Blajman, E.A. Mickiewicz, G.P. Frenette, L.F. Plinar, R.B. Cohen, L.M. Steinbrenner, J.M. Freue, V.A. Gorbunova, S.A. Tjulandin, L.E. Raez, D.R. Adkins, R.B. Tishler, M.R. Roessner, R.I. Haddad
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Health Behaviors of Cancer Survivors: Examining Opportunities for Cancer Control Intervention
Authors: Keith M. Bellizzi, Julia H. Rowland, Diana D. Jeffery, Timothy McNeel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

A population-based investigation was conducted to examine the prevalence of health behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and cancer screening) of cancer survivors by age, time since diagnosis, and cancer site. Understanding health behaviors of survivors is imperative, as many survivors are living longer and are at risk for cancer recurrence, second cancers, and complications from treatment.Using the National Health Interview Survey, this study examined the prevalence of smoking and alcohol use as well as whether cancer survivors (n = 7,384) are meeting current recommendations for physical activity and cancer screening compared with noncancer controls (n = 121,347).Cancer survivors are similar to controls with respect to smoking status and alcohol consumption after adjusting for group differences. However, younger survivors (18 to 40 years) are at greater risk for continued smoking than controls. Survivors are 9% more likely to meet physical activity recommendations compared with controls. chi2 tests indicate no significant differences in smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity by time since diagnosis, but differences by cancer site exist. Female cancer survivors are 34% and 36% more likely to meet mammogram and Papanicolaou smear screening recommendations, respectively, compared with controls. Similar screening patterns were found for prostate-specific antigen screening in men.This study provides benchmark approximations of the prevalence of risky health behaviors of survivors by time since diagnosis and cancer site. As part of the collective effort to reduce late effects of cancer treatment, oncologists may be in the best position to offer initial guidance for promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors among cancer survivors.
VALUE OF A LARGE DOSE OF ANTITOXIN IN CLINICAL TETANUS
Authors: Alexander Brown, S.D. Mohamed, R.D. Montgomery, P. Armitage, D.R. Laurence, D.G. Abrahams, T.W.G. Kinnear, J.R. Lauckner, M.D.W. Low, E.S. Snell, E.K. Cruickshank, J. Hall, E.S. Shoucair, W.J. Wilson
Journal: The Lancet (1960)
Multimodality Bronchoscopic Diagnosis of Peripheral Lung Lesions
Authors: Ralf Eberhardt, Devanand Anantham, Armin Ernst, David Feller-Kopman, Felix Herth
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) have increased the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopic diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions. However, the role of combining these modalities to overcome each individual technique's limitations and, consequently, to further increase the diagnostic yield remains untested.Objectives: A prospective randomized controlled trial involving three diagnostic arms: EBUS only, ENB only, and a combined procedure.Methods: All procedures were performed via flexible bronchoscopy and transbronchial forceps biopsies were obtained without fluoroscopic guidance. In the combined group, after electromagnetic navigation, the ultrasound probe was passed through an extended working channel to visualize the lesion. Biopsies were taken if ultrasound visualization showed that the extended working channel was within the target. Primary outcome was diagnostic yield. The reference “gold standard” was a surgical biopsy if bronchoscopic biopsy did not reveal a definite histological diagnosis compatible with the clinical presentation. Secondary outcomes were yields by size, lobar distribution, and lesion pathology. Complication rates were also documented.Measurements and Main Results: Of the 120 patients recruited, 118 had a definitive histological diagnosis and were included in the final analysis. The diagnostic yield of the combined procedure (88%) was greater than EBUS (69%) or ENB alone (59%; p = 0.02). The combined procedure's yield was independent of lesion size or lobar distribution. The pneumothorax rates ranged from 5 to 8%, with no significant differences between the groups.Conclusions: Combined EBUS and ENB improves the diagnostic yield of flexible bronchoscopy in peripheral lung lesions without compromising safety.