tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The gay bowel.
Authors: I V Weller
Journal: Gut (1985)

The gay bowel Through the early 1970's with increasing freedom of sexual expression a subpopulation of homosexual men, particularly in the larger cities of North America and Europe, engaged in sexual intercourse with large numbers of casual and often anonymous partners.'There followed increases in conventional sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), those not previously recognised as such and the appearance of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).The anorectum is a sexual organ and in the United Kingdom a conservative estimate indicates that between 2 and 2*5 million people use it for sexual fulfilment.2A wide variety of organisms can be locally transmitted through penile-anorectal contact.The rectal mucosa is more fragile than that of the vagina and breaks in it more readily facilitate the transmission of organisms such as hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and probably human T-lymphotropic virus III (HTLV III).A wider sexual contact involving the anorectum, mouth, and hands allows for the transmission of enteric organisms.The 'gay bowel syndrome' was first used to describe not a syndrome, but a list of conditions.3The term hides the problems facing the gastroenterologist.Firstly, the sexual orientation of a patient may not be easily ascertainable in the setting of a general outpatient clinic.Secondly, many infections of the gay bowel are asymptomatic and are missed without full microbiological screening.Thirdly, coinfection is common and the organism isolated may not be causing the symptoms and signs.Finally, the bowel has limited and non-specific clinical and histopathological responses to many infections.Gonorrhoea is one of the commonest STDs in gay men and the rectum is the only site infected in 40%, most patients being asymptomatic.4Others present with anorectal symptoms and non-specific inflammation.Diagnosis can be made on a Gram stained rectal smear in only 50% of cases so that culture is essential for confirmation.A common treatment is a single dose of ampicillin 3 g with 1 g of probenecid orally.Penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae (PPNG) is now endemic in the United Kingdom, rather than imported, but is less common in homosexual than in heterosexual men.5 6Syphilis is now largely seen in its early infectious stages (the first two years of infection) and approximately 80% of syphilis cases seen in central London clinics have been homosexually acquired.7The anorectal chancre may be atypical.It is easily missed by the patient and physician, may be multiple, tender or mimic an anal fissure.Perianal lesions of secondary syphilis may coalesce to form Condylomata lata which must be distinguished from the more common anogenital warts (Condylomata acuminata).Dark ground microscopy can be used to identify 869 on July 21,
Intra-operative touch imprint cytology for assessing sentinel lymph nodes in patients with lobular breast cancer.
Authors: MZ Fazel, P Gogalniceanu, A Patel, A Capitano, G Kocjan, M Falzon, M Douek
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1008 Background: Touch imprint cytology (TIC) as a tool for intra-operative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in breast cancer has been shown to be rapid, reliable and cost-effective. Its use in lobular cancer is however more challenging due to the pattern of lymph node infiltration, smaller cells, similarity to lymphocytes and low grade cytomorphology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of intra-operative TIC in assessing SLN metastases in patients with lobular breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods: All patients with lobular carcinoma who underwent intra-operative TIC assessment of the SLN were identified within our prospectively collected database. The SLN was bi-valved along its longitudinal axis and imprinted onto a slide at least six times before air-drying. The slide was treated with the rapid Giemsa stain before examination by one of three cytopathologists. Where TIC revealed SLN metastases, the patient underwent immediate axillary clearance. The SLN were then processed for histopathology by sectioning at three levels before haematoxylin and eosin staining. Those lymph nodes found to be negative then underwent immunocytohistochemistry staining before being declared truly negative. All patients with SLN metastases not identified during surgery received a delayed axillary clearance. The TIC results were compared to the final histopathology result of the SLN and the sensitivity and specificity calculated.&amp;#x2028; Results: 51 patients with lobular cancer who underwent TIC were identified. The table below summarises the results:&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; The sensitivity thus calculated was 76.0%; the specificity 100.0% and the negative predictive value 81.25%. Of the 6 false negative cases, 4 were grade 1 and 2 were grade 2. The mean primary tumour size in this group was 17mm (range 11 to 27mm). In all 6 cases, axillary metastases was found in 3 or fewer lymph nodes post axillary clearance.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: This study demonstrates the reliability of using intra-operative TIC to evaluate SLN during surgery for lobular cancer. It compares very favourably to data published in the literature from other institutions that have examined the use of TIC in lobular carcinoma and may relate to the presence of experienced, highly motivated cytopathologists at our unit. In addition, it also compares well with other studies describing the use of TIC in ductal carcinoma, including our own unit's previously published data. Thus, in experienced hands, TIC is feasible with an acceptable accuracy allowing intra-operative SLN assessment in patients with lobular breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1008.
Crosstalk between Gi and Gq/Gs pathways in airway smooth muscle regulates bronchial contractility and relaxation
Authors: Dennis W. McGraw, Jean M. Elwing, Kevin M. Fogel, Wayne C.H. Wang, Clare B. Glinka, Kathryn A. Mihlbachler, Marc E. Rothenberg, Stephen B. Liggett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Receptor-mediated airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction via G(alphaq), and relaxation via G(alphas), underlie the bronchospastic features of asthma and its treatment. Asthma models show increased ASM G(alphai) expression, considered the basis for the proasthmatic phenotypes of enhanced bronchial hyperreactivity to contraction mediated by M(3)-muscarinic receptors and diminished relaxation mediated by beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (beta(2)ARs). A causal effect between G(i) expression and phenotype has not been established, nor have mechanisms whereby G(i) modulates G(q)/G(s) signaling. To delineate isolated effects of altered G(i), transgenic mice were generated overexpressing G(alphai2) or a G(alphai2) peptide inhibitor in ASM. Unexpectedly, G(alphai2) overexpression decreased contractility to methacholine, while G(alphai2) inhibition enhanced contraction. These opposite phenotypes resulted from different crosstalk loci within the G(q) signaling network: decreased phospholipase C and increased PKCalpha, respectively. G(alphai2) overexpression decreased beta(2)AR-mediated airway relaxation, while G(alphai2) inhibition increased this response, consistent with physiologically relevant coupling of this receptor to both G(s) and G(i). IL-13 transgenic mice (a model of asthma), which developed increased ASM G(alphai), displayed marked increases in airway hyperresponsiveness when G(alphai) function was inhibited. Increased G(alphai) in asthma is therefore a double-edged sword: a compensatory event mitigating against bronchial hyperreactivity, but a mechanism that evokes beta-agonist resistance. By selective intervention within these multipronged signaling modules, advantageous G(s)/G(q) activities could provide new asthma therapies.
THE ALBUMEN REACTION IN TUBERCULOUS SPUTUM
Authors: N. Raw
Journal: BMJ (1911)

I 470 M1CDICaL JOVBNX I toes.Urethritis for two months; gonococci present.There was marked improvement from the first, and after two injections of 5 million the pain and swelling in all the joints had greatlv subsided.Each dose caused a slight rise of temperature, and 20 million was the largest given.No other treatment was employed.CASE X. Woman, aged 25.Five days before admission pain and swell- ing in knees and ankles, pain and stiffness in both shoulders.This cleared away except in the left knee-joint, which was tapped and gonococci found in the fluid.There was vaginitis with gonococci.There was fever, rising to 1030 F. Salicylate treatment did no good.She then had vaginal douching (1 to 1,000 mercury chloride) and oil of copaiba dressing to the knee.The temperature fell at once, the pain and swelling disappeared more slowly, and after four and a half weeks she left hospital well. CASE XI.Man, aged 33.Urethritis with gonococci.Swelling with pain and redness had come on acutely in right wrist, tendon sheaths, and dorsum of hand, and in the second and third metacarpo-phalangeal joints.He was treated at once with copaiba internally and locally to the wrist and hand.Re- covery took place in five weeks, but stiffness remained, due to adhesions.
Phenomenal consciousness and what it's like
Authors: David M. Rosenthal
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Even if A-consciousness and P-consciousness were conceptually distinct, it is no fallacy for researchers relying on a suitable theory to infer one from the other. But P-consciousness conceptually implies A-consciousness – unless one or the other is mere ersatz consciousness. And we can best explain mental states' being conscious, in any intuitively natural sense, by appeal to higher-order thoughts.
Questions Surround Shuttle, Future Life Sciences Studies
Authors: Kathryn Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1986)

ALTHOUGH ACQUISITION of medical data from space flights is limited by allowable time, space, and invasiveness, the American space shuttle— which, by some predictions, eventually was to have flown up to 60 times a year—at least held out the hope of acquiring this important information bit by bit. And 1986 was to have been the busiest year yet for the shuttle, with a goal of 15 launches (compared with nine in 1985). But all that ended with the Jan 28 crash. Now, NASA is attempting to address the questions that must be answered before flights resume in 1988. Among the most prominent are: If future crew members initially survive a major malfunction—as it appears at least some of the Challenger crew did—is there any way to provide an escape? And can future flights be made more safe? NASA research to date suggests that the only answer to the first question
Complement components in blood serum and, suction blister fluid in erythropoietic protoporphyria
Authors: H.BAART FAILLE, E.G.J. BEERENS, H. WEELDEN, L. BERRENS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Complement factor's C3c, C4, factor B, C3d and the immunoglobulin IgA were determined in suction blister fluid of patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and in normal controls. The levels increased when the skin of the patients had been previously irradiated with 'white light', but with Kromayer radiation, and were interpreted as being the result of increased vasopermeability.
Paradoxical Diarrhea With Opiates
Authors: Robert A. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The medical profession has literally been "blessed with the fruits" of the unripe seed capsule of the opium poppy,<i>Papaver somniferum</i>, for thousands of years. It has also been plagued with the problem of patients in search of relief from severe diarrhea. The pharmacologically active constituents of opium have been found to be an effective mode of therapy in exhausting diarrheal states, ie, acute dysentery. It is not surprising, therefore, that opium and diarrhea should meet and form an intimate relationship. It is the purpose of this paper to present two cases of chronic diarrhea, which occurred during long term tincture of opium therapy, that were markedly decreased with discontinuation of the drug. <h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 34-year-old white man was seen at the UCLA Medical Center in 1968, because of a five-year history of cramping pain and watery diarrhea. In 1963 a resection of six feet of
Noise and health: public and private responsibility.
Authors: D Gloag
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Disturbance of sleep is probably the most widespread source of distress caused by noise. The author reviews data from extensive research on the subject and discusses the significance of results. Recent French research, carried out in people's own bedrooms, found that people took longer to fall asleep and had, on average 16 minutes less deep sleep after the opening of a motorway giving rise to noise levels of 40 plus or minus 3 db(a) leq, and peaks of 55 db(a). Dreaming sleep was also reduced with no adaptation after five years. Although subjects were not necessarily awakened by noise during sleep, the noise was accompanied by eeg changes characteristic of activation. Although noise can be shown experimentally to produce changes in circulation, skin resistance, muscles and many other systems, there is no firm evidence on long term effects. Economic incentives, in the form of levies and tax relief are suggested to encourage noise abatement measures. Better building designs are needed because with good noise insulation, impact rather than airborne noise becomes more important. The scope of the control of pollution act 1974 is outlined. (TRRL)
Early Post-Infarction Angina
Authors: Edward H. Schuster, Bernadine Healy Bulkley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

We studied two forms of post-infarction angina: ischemia at a distance (angina with new electrocardiographic changes distant from the acute infarct) and ischemia in the infarct zone (angina with new electrocardiographic changes limited to the leads originally involved by the acute infarct). Seventy patients with early post-infarction angina were followed for an average of six months; 43 had ischemia at a distance, and 27 had ischemia in the infarct zone. Mortality in the entire group was 56 per cent, but it was 72 per cent (31 of 43 patients) among those with ischemia at a distance and 33 per cent (nine of 27) among those with ischemia in the infarct zone (P<0.005). Post-infarction angina identifies patients with high mortality; among such patients, ischemia at a distance may represent an especially high-risk subset of patients with large areas of viable but jeopardized myocardium who could benefit from aggressive intervention. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 305:1101–5.)
REDD1 is essential for stress-induced synaptic loss and depressive behavior
Authors: Kristie T Ota, Rong-Jian Liu, Bhavya Voleti, Jaime G Maldonado-Aviles, Vanja Duric, Masaaki Iwata, Sophie Dutheil, Catharine Duman, Steve Boikess, David A Lewis, Craig A Stockmeier, Ralph J DiLeone, Christopher Rex, George K Aghajanian, Ronald S Duman
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
1001-27 Patients at risk for recurrent embolism after percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale for presumed paradoxical embolism
Authors: Markus Schwerzmann, Andreas Wahl, Krassen Nedeltchev, Thilo Heimes, Giorgio Moschovitis, Heinrich P Mattle, Christian Seiler, Bernhard Meier, Stephan Windecker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Anomalous Origins of the Left Main Coronary Artery From the Noncoronary Sinus and of the Right Coronary Artery From the Left Sinus of Valsalva
Authors: Bernd Nowak, Iri Kupferwasser, Eckhard Mayer, Hans-Jürgen Rupprecht, Thomas Voigtländer, Christoph Bickel, Jürgen Meyer
Journal: Circulation (1997)
Vaccines being tested for therapy, prevention of lung and liver cancer
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Slow-release oral salbutamol and aminophylline in nocturnal asthma: relation of overnight changes in lung function and plasma drug levels.
Authors: A J Fairfax, W R McNabb, H J Davies, S G Spiro
Journal: Thorax (1980)

In a double-blind controlled trial 14 chronic asthmatic patients with regular nocturnal exacerbations took 16 mg slow-release oral salbutamol (two Ventolin spandets), 450 mg slow-release aminophylline (two Phyllocontin Continus tablets), or placebo at midnight. Mean peak expiratory flow rates on waking were significantly higher on the active drugs than on placebo (p &lt; 0.01 for salbutamol; p &lt; 0.05 for aminophylline) but neither drug abolished the overnight fall in PEFR. Plasma drug levels at 0600 hr were 17.3 ng/ml (+/- 5.3 ng/ml SD) for salbutamol, and 7.1 micrograms/ml (+/- 3.1 micrograms/ml SD) for theophylline. Steady-state derived from plasma levels of salbutamol during intravenous infusion indicated that the morning salbutamol levels were probably in a therapeutic range for asthma. The morning theophylline levels, however, were suboptimal when aminophylline was given only at night.
The mouse C9ORF72 ortholog is enriched in neurons known to degenerate in ALS and FTD
Authors: Naoki Suzuki, Asif M Maroof, Florian T Merkle, Kathryn Koszka, Atsushi Intoh, Ian Armstrong, Rob Moccia, Brandi N Davis-Dusenbery, Kevin Eggan
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
Review: CABG reduces long-term mortality and morbidity more than PCI in multivessel coronary disease
Authors: Ralf E. Harskamp, L. Kristin Newby
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Sipahi I, Akay MH, Dagdelen S, Blitz A, Alhan C. Coronary artery bypass grafting vs percutaneous coronary intervention and long-term mortality and morbidity in multivessel disease: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of the arterial grafting and stenting era. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:223-30. 24296767
Glucosamine for osteoarthritis: magic, hype, or confusion?
Authors: J. Chard
Journal: BMJ (2001)

People with joint pain, including those with osteoarthritis, are consuming large quantities of glucosamine as a result of a huge volume of recent media coverage on its possible value. Reviews and leading articles in medical journals have variously labelled it a magical new treatment,1 criticised the “hype,”2 or, more commonly, been non-committal.3 Perhaps we are just confused.

Glucosamine is a sugar, a sulphated amino-monosaccharide, one of the constituents of the disaccharide units present in articular cartilage proteoglycans. In vitro work has shown that it can alter chondrocyte metabolism, and this is the rationale usually given for its use in osteoarthritis.4 However, it is unclear whether oral glucosamine can reach chondrocytes in vivo,3 and in addition to the oral compound (the commonly available form), injectables and local preparations have been subjected to clinical trial.5–8 The most appropriate dose and route of administration remain unknown. We do not even seem to know how to classify it: is it a drug, a food supplement, a nutriceutical, or a complementary therapy?

Osteoarthritis is a heterogeneous and poorly understood …
Influence of the Angiotensin II Antagonist Valsartan on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients With Essential Hypertension
Authors: Petra A. Thürmann, Peter Kenedi, Andor Schmidt, Sebastian Harder, Norbert Rietbrock
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) represents an independent risk factor in patients with essential hypertension. Because reversal of LVH may be associated with an improvement of prognosis, the influence of new antihypertensive compounds, such as angiotensin II AT 1 receptor antagonists, on LVH should be determined. Methods and Results —In a randomized, double-blind trial, 69 predominantly previously untreated hypertensive patients with echocardiographically proven LVH, ie, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) &gt;134 g/m 2 in men and &gt;110 g/m 2 in women and/or end-diastolic septal thickness &gt;12 mm, received either the angiotensin II antagonist valsartan or atenolol for 8 months. Echocardiographic data of 58 patients were available. After 8 months of valsartan treatment (n=29), LVMI decreased from 127±23 to 106±25 g/m 2 (ratio [ R ]=0.83; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.87; P &lt;0.0001 versus baseline). Under atenolol (n=29), LVMI decreased to a smaller extent, from 127±25 to 117±27 g/m 2 ( R =0.92; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.98; P =0.0082 versus baseline). The mean reduction of LVMI came to 21 g/m 2 under valsartan and only to 10 g/m 2 under atenolol ( R =0.91; 90% CI, 0.85 to 0.97 versus atenolol). Baseline mean blood pressure values were determined to be 163±12/101±6 mm Hg before treatment with valsartan and 160±14/103±6 mm Hg before atenolol treatment. After 8 months of treatment, mean blood pressure decreased to 146±13/90±7 mm Hg with valsartan and to 147±18/90±7 mm Hg with atenolol. Nine patients in the valsartan group and 8 patients in the atenolol group required additional medication with hydrochlorothiazide. Conclusions —Antihypertensive treatment with the angiotensin II antagonist valsartan for 8 months produced a significant regression of LVH in predominantly previously untreated patients with essential hypertension. The drug may be safely administered in this subset of hypertensive patients; however, the long-term benefit in terms of risk reduction has still to be evaluated in further trials.
It Takes Four Years-Reply
Authors: William F. Hejna
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal