tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estimated Global Mortality Attributable to Smoke from Landscape Fires
Authors: Fay H. Johnston, Sarah B. Henderson, Yang Chen, James T. Randerson, Miriam Marlier, Ruth S. DeFries, Patrick Kinney, David M.J.S. Bowman, Michael Brauer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Forest, grass, and peat fires release approximately 2 petagrams of carbon into the atmosphere each year, influencing weather, climate, and air quality.Objective: We estimated the annual global mortality attributable to landscape fire smoke (LFS).Methods: Daily and annual exposure to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) from fire emissions was estimated globally for 1997 through 2006 by combining outputs from a chemical transport model with satellite-based observations of aerosol optical depth. In World Health Organization (WHO) subregions classified as sporadically affected, the daily burden of mortality was estimated using previously published concentration–response coefficients for the association between short-term elevations in PM2.5 from LFS (contrasted with 0 μg/m3 from LFS) and all-cause mortality. In subregions classified as chronically affected, the annual burden of mortality was estimated using the American Cancer Society study coefficient for the association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and all-cause mortality. The annual average PM2.5 estimates were contrasted with theoretical minimum (counterfactual) concentrations in each chronically affected subregion. Sensitivity of mortality estimates to different exposure assessments, counterfactual estimates, and concentration–response functions was evaluated. Strong La Niña and El Niño years were compared to assess the influence of interannual climatic variability.Results: Our principal estimate for the average mortality attributable to LFS exposure was 339,000 deaths annually. In sensitivity analyses the interquartile range of all tested estimates was 260,000–600,000. The regions most affected were sub-Saharan Africa (157,000) and Southeast Asia (110,000). Estimated annual mortality during La Niña was 262,000, compared with 532,000 during El Niño.Conclusions: Fire emissions are an important contributor to global mortality. Adverse health outcomes associated with LFS could be substantially reduced by curtailing burning of tropical rainforests, which rarely burn naturally. The large estimated influence of El Niño suggests a relationship between climate and the burden of mortality attributable to LFS.
Relationship between Alexithymia and Somatic Complaints in a Normal Sample
Authors: David E. Cooper, Robert W. Holmstrom
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

Utilizing the MMPI Alexithymia Scale and the Cornell Medical Index, the relationship between alexithymia and somatic complaints was investigated in a normal college sample. Although an initial analysis showed alexithymia negatively related to somatic complaints, when the tendency to deny problems on self-report measures was controlled for, the two variables were positively related. The positive relation between alexithymia and somatic complaints found for females was not found for males in this sample.
Rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis occurring together.
Authors: G H Fallet, M Mason, H Berry, A G Mowat, I Boussina, J Gerster
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis are often difficult to differentiate, though it is important to do so as the natural history and treatment of the two conditions differ. Nine patients have recently been seen, each of whom fulfilled the criteria for both rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. In eight of the nine patients the histocompatibility antigen HLA-27 was present. A possible explanation of these cases is that one of the diseases occurred by chance in patients already suffering from the other, but this is extremely unlikely. If a chance association is not the correct explanation the basic concepts defining rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis must be reconsidered.
Helicopter vs Ground Transportation for Patients With Trauma
Authors: Joseph Ting
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SYMPTOMATOLOGY IN INFANTS.
Authors: WILLIAM B. ATKINSON
Journal: JAMA (1883)

By many persons, the study of disease in infants is regarded as peculiarly difficult, because of the absence of speech by which to indicate the presence and location of certain symptoms. The late Prof. C. D. Meigs, on the contrary, was wont to felicitate himself on this as an advantage. He would say, “An infant never tells a lie.” It cannot imitate the young lady who assures the doctor that she is dying, or suffering unspeakable torments, when the next hour she is ready to whirl till daylight in the dance, or fill her stomach with a<i>melange</i>as curious as it is hurtful. In the investigation of all forms of disease, whether in children or in adults, we are generally too apt to jump at a conclusion, and make a diagnosis which would often be different were it prepared with less haste, and with the aid of other factors.
Enhanced expression of Fas ligand (CD95L) on T cells after segmental allergen provocation in asthma
Authors: Norbert Krug, Thomas Tschernig, Kerstin Balke, Veit J. Erpenbeck, Lars Meyer, Ulrike Bode, Jens M. Hohlfeld, Reinhard Pabst, Helmut Fabel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Oral Rehydration for Children With Diarrhea
Authors: Bernard A. Yablin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —With regard to the problem posed by Meyers et al,<sup>1</sup>it would seem reasonable to have available packets of oral rehydration mixtures (with appropriate directions) to be dispensed at well-baby visits during the rotavirus season. I believe that such packets are being used already in oral rehydration therapy studies in third world countries. They are very inexpensive, but mixing instructions should be quite clear to avoid iatrogenic hypernatremia. I am sure that I am not the only one in this country who was able to successfully use homemade solutions before the development of commercial preparations.
Left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac remodeling and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Carmine Zoccali, Francesca Mallamaci, Renke Maas, Francesco A. Benedetto, Giovanni Tripepi, Lorenzo S. Malatino, Alessandro Cataliotti, Ignazio Bellanuova, Rainer Böger, None on behalf of The Creed Investigators
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Comparison of the Recurrence Rate of Rheumatic Carditis among Children Receiving Penicillin by Mouth Prophylactically or on Indication
Authors: Wan Ngo Lim, May G. Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE American Heart Association has recommended that "all individuals with a well established history of a previous attack of rheumatic fever or chorea, or who show definite evidence of rheumatic heart disease, should be placed on continuous prophylaxis throughout life or until new knowledge makes this recommendation invalid."1 This directive has been closely followed, and significant reductions have been reported in the incidence of recurrences among rheumatic children who are on continuous prophylaxis by either intramuscular or oral routes.2 3 4 5 The considerable difficulties encountered in continuous oral penicillin prophylaxis are generally recognized. The regularity of administration is dependent on the co-operation . . .
Hyperemic Receptive Aphasia on NeuroSPECT
Authors: DAVID H. LEWIS, W T LONGSTRETH, ROBERT WILKUS, MICHAEL COPASS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

NeuroSPECT of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with Tc-99m HMPAO demonstrated left temporoparietal hyperemia in two patients with acute receptive aphasia. This finding prompted further testing with electroencephalography that added to the impression of ictal dysphasia. The differential diagnosis in one case included complicated migraine. NeuroSPECT depicts blood flow abnormalities in acute aphasic disorders, either due to ischemia, which is most commonly the cause, or due to hyperemia secondary to migraine or epilepsy. The treatment and prognosis of these latter conditions differ from stroke, and thus SPECT plays a role in patient management.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Authors: Kim Eagle, Donald C. Doll
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Figure 1. Sickle Cell Anemia. Scanning electron microscopy shows numerous sickled erythrocytes in a peripheral-blood specimen from a 21-year-old black woman with sickle cell anemia who was admitted to the hospital with acute chest and abdominal pain (x1380).
AstraZeneca must pay 52.5m fine for anticompetitive tactics, rules European court
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The drug company AstraZeneca will have to pay a fine of €52.5m (£42.4m; $68m) for trying to prevent the marketing of cheaper generic versions of its blockbuster ulcer treatment omeprazole (marketed in the United Kingdom as Losec) after its appeal against a ruling made by the European Commission was rejected in the European Court of Justice.

The commission welcomed the decision, saying that it showed that misuse of drug regulatory procedures could amount to an abuse of antitrust rules. AstraZeneca said that it was disappointed, that it took compliance with all laws seriously, and that it was committed to doing business in an ethical and proper manner.

The dispute between the company and the commission is longstanding and relates to activities undertaken by AstraZeneca between 1993 and 2000. After a complaint by two …
WHO conference calls for health promotion to be at centre of development
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In a bid to put health promotion at the centre of the global development agenda, a new charter urges greater cooperation between medical and non-medical institutions.

The Bangkok charter for health promotion was adopted by participants in last week's sixth global conference on health promotion, co-hosted by the World Health Organization and Thailand's Ministry of Public Health.

The charter calls for coherent policy and partnering between governments, international and non-government organisations and the private sector. Other than ensuring that health promotion is central to the development agenda, the charter spells out three other main commitments: that health promotion …
Calcium Exchange in a Single Layer of Rat Cardiac Cells Studied by Direct Counting of Cellular Activity of Labeled Calcium
Authors: G. A. LANGER, E. SATO, M. SERAYDARIAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

Calcium exchange was studied in rat cardiac cells grown in tissue culture. A new technique was employed which depended on the growth of a single layer of cells on the surface of a slide composed of glass scintillator material. The cells remained actively contractile on the glass surface. The pattern of 45 Ca uptake and washout from the preparation was defined and found to be reproducible. Low Na + perfusion rapidly augmented 45 Ca uptake in the cultured cells. An increment in 45 Ca uptake (65 µmoles Ca 2+ /kg cells) occurred within 6 seconds of the start of low Na + perfusion.
Anorexia Nervosa: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Evelyn Attia
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2009)

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental illness categorized by a failure to maintain a minimally normal weight, a fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, and preoccupations about body shape or weight. AN is associated with significant morbidity and a mortality rate as high as that seen in any psychiatric illness. Biological factors, including genetic predisposition, appear to play a role in the development of AN. Treatment is challenging both because interventions with clear empirical support have not been identified and because individuals affected by AN are typically reluctant to undergo weight restoration. Preliminary studies suggest that family-based treatment may be useful for younger patients with AN. Treatment development for adults with AN and pursuit of neurobiological correlates of AN remain high-priority research areas.
MYC and EIF3H Coamplification Significantly Improve Response and Survival of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (NSCLC) Treated with Gefitinib
Authors: Federico Cappuzzo, Marileila Varella-Garcia, Elisa Rossi, Sujatha Gajapathy, Marialuisa Valente, Harry Drabkin, Robert Gemmill
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Importance of Amino Acid Side Groups for Biologic Activity of Angiotensin II
Authors: F. M. BUMPUS, R. R. SMEBY
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The requirements for biologic activity of angiotensin II may be summarized from available data as follows: (1) a free C-terminal carboxyl group, (2) a phenyl group as a side group of amino acid number 8, (3) a phenolic group on amino acid number 4, (4) proline in position 7, (5) possibly a definite degree of spatial order, (6) at least 6 amino acids from the C-terminus, (7) possibly the imidazole of histidine in position 6.
Subarachnoid–Pleural Fistula Complicating Thoracoscopy
Authors: PHILIPPE FERNANDEZ, MARTINE GUYOT, PAOLO MANGIONE, NATHALIE VALLI, BERNARD BASSE-CATHALINAT, DOMINIQUE DUCASSOU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 63-year-old woman underwent thoracoscopy to remove a calcified herniated thoracic disc at the T8–T9 level, which was responsible of an incomplete motor paraplegia. Because of adhesions between the dura mater and the herniated disc, this procedure was complicated by the dural lesion, which was immediately sealed with fibrin glue and a pleural patch. The association of headaches, a pleural effusion, and clear drainage from the chest catheter alerted the surgeon to the presence of a subarachnoid–pleural fistula. In-111 DTPA scintimyelography seems to be more sensitive than CT myelography for showing a cerebrospinal fluid leakage. A second radionuclide cisternography performed after a second posterior surgical procedure revealed that the fistula was closing.
TETANUS SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH LARGE QUANTITIES OF ANTITOXIN
Authors: A. J. CAFFREY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

History.—  G S., a young man 18 years old, was running a foot-race barefooted at one of the lakes near Milwaukee and ran a splinter about an inch long in the big toe of his left foot. The splinter buried itself under the phalanges and acted as a splint, preventing motion of the toe and causing the toe to swell. Not knowing of its presence, he thought the toe was sprained and applied poultices. The accident occurred August 24, and the splinter was not discovered until September 4, on which date it was removed.  Treatment and Course of Disease.—  On Tuesday morning following its removal, the patient came to my office complaining of ear-ache and pains in his chest. I immediately injected 1,500 units of tetanus antitoxin; the symptoms continued getting worse, and the next morning I injected 3,000 units, but there was no abatement of the symptoms, and that
The Psychology of Postponement in the Medical Marriage
Authors: Charles Staubs
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To  Editor. —  The article by Drs Gabbard and Menninger 1 addressing  psychology of postponement and medical marriage was very helpful. One statement that they made, however, was extremely disturbing. In their assessment of  personality  of physicians and how they can be disabling in marriages, they state that these traits lead to rigid, emotionally flat, automatonlike styles of relating that are adaptive in medicine but maladaptive in one's personal relationships.  How unfortunate it is that these authors perpetuate  idea that physicians need only be excellent technologists to be good and adaptive in medicine. This goes against much of what we are seeing in society today, with reaction against physicians because of their impersonal style of relating despite their being technically adept. The authors go on to say that the language of feelings may be entirely alien, especially for  male physician. How can physicians, who
Monitoring Intracellular Redox Changes in Ozone-Exposed Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Eugene A. Gibbs-Flournoy, Steven O. Simmons, Philip A. Bromberg, Tobias P. Dick, James M. Samet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: The toxicity of many xenobiotic compounds is believed to involve oxidative injury to cells. Direct assessment of mechanistic events involved in xenobiotic-induced oxidative stress is not easily achievable. Development of genetically encoded probes designed for monitoring intracellular redox changes represents a methodological advance with potential applications in toxicological studies.Objective: We tested the utility of redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP)–based redox sensors for monitoring real-time intracellular redox changes induced by xenobiotics in toxicological studies.Methods: roGFP2, a reporter of the glutathione redox potential (EGSH), was used to monitor EGSH in cultured human airway epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) undergoing exposure to 0.15–1.0 ppm ozone (O3). Cells were imaged in real time using a custom-built O3 exposure system coupled to a confocal microscope.Results: O3 exposure induced a dose- and time-dependent increase of the cytosolic EGSH. Additional experiments confirmed that roGFP2 is not directly oxidized, but properly equilibrates with the glutathione redox couple: Inhibition of endogenous glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) disrupted roGFP2 responses to O3, and a Grx1-roGFP2 fusion protein responded more rapidly to O3 exposure. Selenite-induced up-regulation of GPx (glutathione peroxidase) expression–enhanced roGFP2 responsiveness to O3, suggesting that (hydro)peroxides are intermediates linking O3 exposure to glutathione oxidation.Conclusion: Exposure to O3 induces a profound increase in the cytosolic EGSH of airway epithelial cells that is indicative of an oxidant-dependent impairment of glutathione redox homeostasis. These studies demonstrate the utility of using genetically encoded redox reporters in making reliable assessments of cells undergoing exposure to xenobiotics with strong oxidizing properties.
Idiotypic repertoire of anti-hen eggwhite lysozyme antibodies probed with hybridomas. Selection after immunization of an IdX marker common to antibodies of distinct epitope specificity.
Authors: D W Metzger, A Furman, A Miller, E E Sercarz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

A panel of hybridoma antibodies obtained from lymphoid cells that were fused during a primary response ("early") or a secondary response ("late") gave results concordant with analysis of conventional, in vivo-produced anti-lysozyme idiotypes: early antibodies did not display the predominant anti-hen eggwhite lysozyme idiotype (IdX-HEL), whereas late antibodies all displayed IdX-HEL. Furthermore, individual late hybridomas could each remove the entire anti-IdX-HEL activity by absorption, whereas early hybridomas could not. The epitope specificities of the hybridomas in both the early and late populations were heterogenous. We conclude that epitypic specificity in the response to HEL is determined independently from idiotypic specificity and that the predominant idiotype is selected for during the maturation of the anti-lysozyme response.
TCT-631 Low coronary microcirculatory resistance associated to profound hypotension during intravenous adenosine infusion. Implications for the functional assessment of coronary stenoses.
Authors: Mauro Echavarria-Pinto, Sukhjinder S. Nijjer, Sayan Sen, Jason Tarkin, Pilar Jimenez-Quevedo, Carlos Macaya, Justin E. Davies, Javier Escaned
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Synthesis of antibodies to hepatitis B virus by cultured lymphocytes from chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers.
Authors: G M Dusheiko, J H Hoofnagle, W G Cooksley, S P James, E A Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

It has been postulated that host immune defects are responsible for the development and persistence of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier state. The nature of these defects is unknown, but the absence of a readily detectable antibody response to HBsAg (anti-HBs) may be important. The synthesis of both anti-HBs and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in cultures containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells from chronic HBsAg carriers and from control (antibody-positive) patients was measured in the presence of pokeweed mitogen. Similar amounts of polyclonal IgG and IgM were synthesized by cultures containing lymphocytes from chronic carriers and controls. Anti-HBc was detectable in lymphocyte supernatants from 2 of 20 controls and from 21 of 29 carriers. The presence of anti-HBc synthesis in vitro correlated with high serum titers of anti-HBc. In contrast, anti-HBs was detected in lymphocyte supernatants from 6 of 20 controls (predominantly in those who had high serum titers of anti-HBs) but in none of the supernatants from 29 HBsAg carriers. In order to identify the mechanisms for the lack of detectable anti-HBs synthesis by chronic HBsAg carrier lymphocytes, co-culture experiments were performed using T and B lymphocyte fractions that had been purified by affinity chromatography. B lymphocytes from carriers co-cultured with allogeneic irradiated ("helper") T lymphocytes from controls synthesized normal amounts of IgG, IgM, and anti-HBc but still did not synthesize detectable amounts of anti-HBs. In the converse experiments, B lymphocytes from controls were co-cultured with irradiated T lymphocytes from carriers. The T lymphocytes from 16 of 24 carriers augmented anti-HBs production by control B cells normally, the remaining eight did not. Finally, mixtures of control B cells and control irradiated T lymphocytes were co-cultured with T lymphocytes from chronic HBsAg carriers. 5 of 12 carriers demonstrated active suppression of anti-HBs production, and in three this suppression was specific, as IgG and IgM production remained normal. We conclude that chronic HBsAg carriers have a specific B lymphocyte defect in anti-HBs production. In addition, defects in the function of regulatory T lymphocytes may contribute to the absence of anti-HBs synthesis in some HBsAg carriers.
Psychosis with Vitamin B Deficiency
Authors: E. Slater
Journal: BMJ (1942)

AVITAMINOSIS IN THE APPARENTLY HEALTHY MEDBJRITIAL 257Dental defects in Trinidadians are due to improper feeding of the pregnant and lactating mother; unbalanced diet, with a deficiency of minerals, in the weaned and artificially fed child; and vitamin lack in'the adult.The incidence of dental defect, as Table III shows, is very high.TABLE III Rae Caries' Irregularity Caries Pyorrhoea Edentu- No. Re AloneAlone with Alv.(very lous (One Affected Aln'Irregularity advanced) Jaw) E.. .. 48 9 14 -2 73 (43 46%) Negro .. 258 13 18 2 9 300 (36-5%) creole .6 -2 --8 (50%) Chinese. 2 _ -2 (28-57%.) SummaryAvitaminosis occurring in 1,011 consecutive apparently healthy men applying for work is described.The racial incidence of the various manifestations is com- pared.Lesions probably, though not certainly, due to vitamin lack are described and their incidence in the series tabulated.