tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Modulation of β-Adrenergic Dilation of Large Coronary Arteries in Conscious Dogs
Authors: Bijan Ghaleh, Marie-Luce Béa, Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé, Jean-François Giudicelli, Luc Hittinger, Alain Berdeaux
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Endothelium-derived relaxing factors have been described as important intermediates in β-adrenergic vasodilation of resistance coronary vessels, but their involvement at the level of large epicardial coronary arteries remains controversial. Therefore, we examined the role of vascular endothelium in the β-adrenergic–mediated vasodilation of large epicardial coronary arteries in conscious dogs. Methods and Results Nine dogs were instrumented for measurement of left circumflex coronary artery diameter (CD) by sonomicrometry and coronary blood flow velocity (CBFv) with a Doppler technique in response to graded doses of isoproterenol (0.001 to 0.1 μg/kg IV bolus). Under control conditions, isoproterenol induced dose-dependent increases in CD and CBFv. When CBFv was kept constant at its baseline value by inflation of a cuff occluder, isoproterenol still induced dose-dependent increases in CD, but the latter were of lesser magnitude than those observed under normal CBFv conditions (110±20 versus 170±30 μm, respectively, ie, a reduction of 33% of the dilatory response at 0.1 μg/kg, P &lt;.01). In the same dogs, the coronary endothelium was then mechanically removed at the site of CD measurement by a balloon angioplasty technique. After this procedure, the dose-dependent increases in CD induced by isoproterenol under either normal or controlled CBFv conditions were overimposable, and their magnitude was similar to that of the increases observed in the presence of an intact endothelium when CBFv was kept constant. After β 1 -adrenergic receptor blockade by atenolol (1 mg/kg), isoproterenol-induced increases in CD were abolished either when CBFv was kept constant or after endothelium removal. Conclusions In conscious dogs, the direct stimulating effect of isoproterenol on β 1 -adrenergic receptors is endothelium-independent at the level of large coronary arteries. The endothelium reinforces the dilatory response to isoproterenol through an indirect, flow-dependent mechanism.
Characterization of exhaled nitric oxide: introducing a new reproducible method for nasal nitric oxide measurements
Authors: J.P. Palm, P. Graf, J.O.N. Lundberg, K. Alving
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The aim of the present study was to (1) investigate the relationship between late onset AD and DNA methylation levels in the top six Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related genes in blood and (2) examine its applicability to the diagnosis of AD. We examined methylation differences at CpG island shores in the top six genes using Sanger sequencing, and one of two groups of 48 AD patients and 48 elderly controls was used for a test or replication analysis. We found that methylation levels in three out of the six genes, <i>CR1, CLU</i>, and <i>PICALM</i>, were lower in AD subjects. The combination of <i>CLU</i> methylation levels and the <i>APOE</i> genotype classified AD patients with AUC=0.84 and 0.80 in the test and replication analyses, respectively. Our results implicate methylation differences at the CpG island shores of AD-related genes in the onset of AD and suggest their diagnostic value.
AB0693 Autoantibodies to the functionally active ring-domain of RO52/SSA associate with clinical activity in a subset of patients with lupus
Authors: M. Kvarnström, V. Dzikaite, L. Ottosson, I. Gunnarsson, E. Svenungsson, M. Wahren-Herlenius
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease with immunological dysregulation, and affects patients commonly carrying autoantibodies in combination with involvement of at least two organ systems affected by inflammation. The different autoantibody specificities correlate with specific clinical manifestations and thus prognosis. Ro/SSA and LA/SSB autoantibodies are common in lupus, and have been described to correlate with a milder phenotype. <h3>Objectives</h3> In the present study we wanted to investigate correlations of levels and clinical implications of Ro/SSA and La/SSB autoantibodies including autoantibodies directed towards the functional RING and B-Box domains of the Ro52 protein. <h3>Methods</h3> Blood samples from SLE patients (n=232) were analyzed for immunological parameters including autoantibodies. All patients were concurrently examined by a rheumatologist and a nurse and information on clinical manifestations and disease activity indices collected. <h3>Results</h3> Ro52 autoantibody levels associated with more variables than the other analyzed antibodies. Significance was found for disease activity measured with the SLAM score (p=0.031), several variables involved in secondary Sjögren's syndrome (sSS) and items for a diagnosis of sSS: (sSS p=0.0041; whole unstimulated salivary flow less than 1.5 ml/15 minutes p=0.027; salivary production measurement p=0.0076, a positive Schirmer's test p=0.046; tear production p=0.019), sedimentation rate (p=0.0003), levels of immunoglobulins (p=0.0003), and an inverse correlation with levels of lymphocytes (p=0.003) and leukocytes (p=0.011). Antibodies to the RING domain of Ro52, which is the functionally active domain with E3 ligase activity, were highly significant for disease activity (p&lt;0.0001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Autoantibodies against Ro52 and the functional RING domain are important in lupus patients and associate more than Ro60 and La antibodies with clinical and laboratory features of the disease. The impact on the SLAM disease activity score was especially noted. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
An unpolitical politician
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

“Morale was at rock bottom; numbers were falling, workload was rising.” If it wasn't for the past tense this could have been any of Britain's GP leaders speaking about the current state of affairs in general practice. In fact it was said by Kenneth Robinson, minister for health in Harold Wilson's Labour government of 1964, who died last week. Robinson was the minister responsible for negotiating with the BMA over the general practice charter of 1966, and he made the remarks quoted above when reflecting, some 20 years later, on the state of general practice in the early 1960s.

GPs are unhappy at the moment—witness the Royal College of General Practitioners' recent paper on the nature of general practice …
Abstract 3031: HMGA2 promotes invasion and stemness in glioblastoma
Authors: Harpreet Kaur, Marianne Hütt, Xing-gang Mao, Brent A. Orr, Charles G. Eberhart, Eric H. Raabe
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) causes the majority of brain tumor-related deaths in the United States. The high invasiveness of GBM prevents complete surgical resection, allowing tumor recurrence. The lack of curative treatment highlights a dire need to develop specific targeted therapeutics. Identifying and targeting novel molecular markers in glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), one of the major causes of tumor invasion and recurrence, could lead to development of better therapies. HMGA2, a non-histone transcriptional modulator, is a regulator of normal and cancer stem cells. The significance of HMGA2 as a potential therapeutic target in GBM has not been investigated. To elucidate the role of HMGA2 in GBM, we have used a combination of in vitro and in vivo techniques. We found increased HMGA2 expression in the mesenchymal subgroup of GBM tumors in the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and in a subset of primary human GBM tumors. HMGA2 is expressed in multiple patient-derived GBM neurosphere lines with increased expression in CD133+ neurospheres compared to CD133- neurospheres. Lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated reduction of HMGA2 significantly inhibited invasion of GBM neurosphere lines (040821, 62% reduction with HMGA2 shRNA vs. control shRNA, P&amp;lt;0.001) in transwell invasion assays. Conversely, lentiviral-mediated overexpression of HMGA2 in GBM neurosphere lines increased invasion (GBM1 and 040821, 100-130% increase with HMGA2 overexpression vs. control vector, P&amp;lt;0.001) in transwell invasion assays. In addition, overexpression of HMGA2 increased clonogenicity of GBM neurosphere lines in vitro in soft agar and methylcellulose colony formation assays (40-60% increase with HMGA2 overexpression vs. control vector, P&amp;lt;0.001). Importantly, log-rank analysis of Kaplan-Meier plots showed increased survival of mice injected with GBM neurosphere lines transduced with HMGA2 shRNA compared to control shRNA (P&amp;lt;0.05) in an in vivo, orthotopic, intracranial mouse xenograft model. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which HMGA2 promotes invasion and stemness in GBM, we performed mRNA expression profiling on GBM neurosphere lines lentivirally transduced to express HMGA2 or empty vector control. We found increased CD44 expression in HMGA2-overexpressing GBM neurosphere lines compared to control. Together, our results suggest an oncogenic role of HMGA2 in promoting GBM tumorigenicity by increasing invasiveness and a stem cell-like state, thereby suggesting that HMGA2 is a potential therapeutic target in GBM. Citation Format: Harpreet Kaur, Marianne Hütt, Xing-gang Mao, Brent A. Orr, Charles G. Eberhart, Eric H. Raabe. HMGA2 promotes invasion and stemness in glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3031. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3031
Epidural methadone for preoperative analgesia in patients with proximal femoral fractures.
Authors: M Nyska, B Klin, Y Shapira, B Drenger, F Magora, G C Robin
Journal: BMJ (1986)

That the efferent limb of the "clubbing reflex" may be humoral is suggested by observations of hormonal factors being associated with clubbing.Patients with bronchial carcinoma and hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy have been reported to have raised concentrations ofgrowth hormone.3Clubbing has also been described in association with a case of thyroid carcinoma and primary hyperparathyroidism.4 Lam et al reported two cases (in brothers) with pachydermatoperiostosis, hypertrophic gastropathy, and complicated duodenal ulcers.5In these cases the serum concentrations of gastrin were normal but concentrations of pepsinogen 1 and 2 were raised.The clubbing associated with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in our patient, which regressed after resection of the tumour, was probably due to some substance produced by the tumour.Gastrin itselfwas unlikely to be the substance, as vagotomy, which may abolish clubbing, is often associated with raised serum concentrations of gastrin.Moreover, tumours such as gastrinomas, which are from the APUD cell series, are known to secrete many peptides, only some ofwhich have been characterised.1 Hal GH, Laidlaw CD'A.Further eerimental evice implicating reduced ferritin as a cause of digial clubbing.CiSci 1963,24:121-6.
Latent anaphylactic sensitisation of infants of low birth weight to cows' milk proteins.
Authors: A Lucas, P McLaughlan, R R Coombs
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Latent systemic anaphylactic sensitisation to cows9 milk was assessed in 61 preterm infants who were randomly assigned to receive either a special formula for preterm infants based on cows9 milk or banked breast milk or one or other of these as a supplement to maternal milk. A single sample of venous blood was taken near to the time of discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit, and the histamine release by blood basophils in response to in vitro challenge with cows9 milk and anti-IgE was measured. Compared with the blood from infants fed on human milk, that from infants fed on preterm formula showed a significant increase in histamine release to challenge with cows9 milk, the response being greater in blood from infants of lower birth weight and gestational age. A smaller but significant increase in blood histamine release with anti-IgE challenge was observed in the group fed on preterm formula. Infants of low birth weight fed on preterm formula based on cows9 milk may develop latent systemic sensitisation more rapidly than infants born at term. The clinical importance of this requires further investigation.
Learning to Count: Robust Estimates for Labeled Distances between Molecular Sequences
Authors: J. D. O'Brien, V. N. Minin, M. A. Suchard
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Researchers routinely estimate distances between molecular sequences using continuous-time Markov chain models. We present a new method, robust counting, that protects against the possibly severe bias arising from model misspecification. We achieve this robustness by generalizing the conventional distance estimation to incorporate the empirical distribution of site patterns found in the observed pairwise sequence alignment. Our flexible framework allows for computing distances based only on a subset of possible substitutions. From this, we show how to estimate labeled codon distances, such as expected numbers of synonymous or nonsynonymous substitutions. We present two simulation studies. The first compares the relative bias and variance of conventional and robust labeled nucleotide estimators. In the second simulation, we demonstrate that robust counting furnishes accurate synonymous and nonsynonymous distance estimates based only on easy-to-fit models of nucleotide substitution, bypassing the need for computationally expensive codon models. We conclude with three empirical examples. In the first two examples, we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of the influenza A hemagglutinin gene using labeled codon distances. In the final example, we demonstrate the advantages of using robust synonymous distances to alleviate the effect of convergent evolution on phylogenetic analysis of an HIV transmission network.
Gap junction-mediated cell-to-cell communication in bovine and human adrenal cells. A process whereby cells increase their responsiveness to physiological corticotropin concentrations.
Authors: Y Munari-Silem, M C Lebrethon, I Morand, B Rousset, J M Saez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We have studied the role of gap junction-mediated intercellular communication on the steroidogenic response of bovine (BAC) and human (HAC) adrenal fasciculo-reticularis cells in culture to corticotropin (ACTH). Indirect immunofluorescence analyses showed that intact human and bovine adreno-cortical tissue as well as HAC and BAC in culture expressed the gap junction protein connexin43 (also termed alpha 1 connexin). Both HAC and BAC were functionally coupled through gap junctions as demonstrated by microinjection of a low molecular mass fluorescent probe, Lucifer yellow. The cell-to-cell transfer of the probe was blocked by 18 alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), an inhibitor of gap junction-mediated intercellular communication. GA markedly decreased the steroidogenic response (cortisol production) of both HAC and BAC to low (10 pM) but not to high (5 nM) concentrations of ACTH. GA had no inhibitory effect on the steroidogenic response to 8 Br-cAMP (at either low or high concentrations) and did neither modify the binding of 125I-ACTH to its receptor nor the ACTH-induced cAMP production. BAC cultured at high or low cell densities (2.4 x 10(5) vs. 0.24 x 10(5) cells/cm2) exhibited distinct levels of intercellular communication and were differently responsive to sub-maximal ACTH concentrations. The ACTH ED50 values for cortisol production were 8.5 +/- 1.3 and 45 +/- 14 pM (P < 0.02) for BAC cultured at high and low density, respectively. In the presence of GA, there was a shift of the ACTH concentration-response curves in the two culture conditions. The ACTH ED50 of high density and low density cultured BAC increased 25- and 5-fold, respectively, and became similar (220 +/- 90 and 250 +/- 120 pM). These results demonstrate that gap junction-mediated communication between hormone-responsive and nonresponsive cells is one mechanism by which adrenal cells increase their responsiveness to low ACTH concentrations.
Army seeks better medical evacuation aircraft
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An 82-Year-Old Woman With Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Relapse After 9 Years or a New Primary?
Authors: Martijn R. Groenendijk, Erik Thunnissen, Bauke Ylstra, Mark A. van de Wiel, Paul P. Eijk, Marinus A. Paul, Egbert F. Smit, Pieter E. Postmus
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Litigation Authority to focus on malpractice
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1995)

For a sign of the times there's not much to beat the starkly named Litigation Authority. This was grafted on to the NHS last week to monitor medical malpractice and other NHS liabilities for “loss, damage, or injury” (p 1306). In practice the Litigation Authority will be the statutory arm of the Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts (CNST), which is already up and running. The scheme is, in effect, a medical defence arrangement for NHS employers, allowing them to pool funds against liabilities for clinical negligence. Indeed, the scheme's day to day operation has been subcontracted to an established defence organisation, the Medical Protection Society.

In the five years since the NHS first indemnified hospital doctors …
A long-term hepatitis B viremia model generated by transplanting nontumorigenic immortalized human hepatocytes in Rag-2-deficient mice
Authors: Jennifer J. Brown, Bhupesh Parashar, Han Moshage, Kathryn E. Tanaka, Dean Engelhardt, Elazar Rabbani, Namita Roy-Chowdhury, Jayanta Roy-Chowdhury
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Development of new therapies for human hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) would be greatly facilitated by the availability of a suitable small-animal model for HBV virus production in vivo . To develop a murine model for HBV production, we established an immortalized, cloned liver cell line by transferring the Simian Virus 40 Large T-Antigen into primary human hepatocytes. These cells were stably transfected with a full-length HBV genome to generate a clone that expresses HBV genes and replicates HBV. The HBV-producing cells were transplanted into the livers of mice with combined immunodeficiency (Rag-2 deficient) by intrasplenic injection. Survival of the engrafted human hepatocytes was shown in several ways: fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a human-chromosome-specific DNA probe (human alpha satellite), dot-blot hybridization of the genomic DNA extracted from liver biopsy specimens with a human-specific Alu repetitive DNA probe, Blur-8, as well as with an HBV DNA probe, and secretion of human proteins into plasma. Histological examination of mouse liver up to 8 months following human cell transplant shows completely normal architecture. Determination of plasma HBV DNA levels indicated that engrafted cells secreted 3×10 7 to 3×10 8 virions per mL into the blood, and HBsAg was detected in plasma. This new murine model of HBV viremia should be useful for in vivo HBV studies.
Speech Evaluation in Medicine
Authors: Charles M. Poser
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This excellent, even exciting volume fills a gap that has long been decried by physicians in many specialties— that between the speech pathologists, audiologists, speech behaviorists and other paramedical personnel, and the  profession. This book clearly and unashamedly recognizes the value of the medical model when it is appropriately enmeshed with the other disciplines.  The editor has assembled a distinguished, mostly Western group of scientists who discuss with skill and clarity a wide variety of topics ranging from the audiology of laryngeal pathology to aphasias, with remarkably informative chapters on spastic dysphonia, speech and language during development, and the language of the aged, the demented, and the schizophrenic. It is a veritable smorgasbord of tasty morsels that will appeal to a large audience.  I can imagine this book being required for speech and hearing majors, but I regret to say that it is unlikely that it will be looked
Points: Psoriasis and cancer
Authors: F. M Hadden
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A N Bamji (14 April, p 973) with great interest.We were medical students resident in separate Dublin hospitals in 1966.At this time McIlroy appeared at the casualty department of the Royal City of Dublin Hospital complaining of chest pain.One of us (JRN) was connecting him to an ECG machine which required to be earthed.Unfortunately, this was not done and the patient obviously experienced an electric shock.He leapt from the trolley and, putting his finger over his tracheostomy, confirmed in no uncertain terms that this was the case.He took his own discharge.Later that evening this somewhat ruffled student called at the Adelaide Hospital three kilometres or so away.There CED was found to be examining McIlroy, still complain- ing of chest pain but not referring to his recent experience.When he saw JRN he had the grace to look a little embarrassed.The ECG machine in the Adelaide Hospital evidently caused the patient no further upset-and the tracing showed no abnormality.Nevertheless, he spent a comfortable night in hospital and subsequently took his own discharge.There is no doubt in our minds that this man was McIlroy....
High BAALC expression associates with other molecular prognostic markers, poor outcome, and a distinct gene-expression signature in cytogenetically normal patients younger than 60 years with acute myeloid leukemia: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) study
Authors: Christian Langer, Michael D. Radmacher, Amy S. Ruppert, Susan P. Whitman, Peter Paschka, Krzysztof Mrózek, Claudia D. Baldus, Tamara Vukosavljevic, Chang-Gong Liu, Mary E. Ross, Bayard L. Powell, Albert de la Chapelle, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Richard A. Larson, Guido Marcucci, Clara D. Bloomfield
Journal: Blood (2008)