tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE IN AUTOPSIED CASES OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: THEODORE B. BAYLES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1943)

Article1 July 1943RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE IN AUTOPSIED CASES OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS(Abstract)THEODORE B. BAYLES, M.D.THEODORE B. BAYLES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-19-1-113 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOf 23 autopsied cases of rheumatoid arthritis six were found to have changes in both the heart valve leaflets and the myocardium similar to those that usually follow rheumatic fever. The histologic lesions of one of these six could possibly be considered active and five were inactive in character. Excluding one patient because of definite rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in childhood, 22 per cent had rheumatic cardiac lesions. The factors of accentuation on cardiac death, the relatively large group with cardiac changes antemortem as compared to control groups, and the small number of cases (possibly one) with active... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRheumatoid Spondylitis and Aortic InsufficiencyVisceral Lesions in Rheumatoid ArthritisRHEUMATIC FEVER IN YOUNG ADULTSReview of the Literature on Acute Rheumatism During the Years 1939-1945 1 July 1943Volume 19, Issue 1Page: 113-114KeywordsCardiovascular therapyHeart diseasesLesionsMyocardiumRheumatic feverRheumatoid arthritis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1943 PDF downloadLoading ...
Value of FDG Positron Emission Tomography in Monitoring the Effects of Therapy in Progressive Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
Authors: Kyoichi Kaira, Tamotsu Ishizuka, Noriko Yanagitani, Noriaki Sunaga, Takeshi Hisada, Masatomo Mori
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) has been widely used in the assessment of malignancy. However, FDG can also accumulate in sarcoid lesions. Gallium-67 scan is conventionally used to evaluate sarcoid activity in nuclear medicine. FDG PET may be also useful in the evaluation of sarcoid activity. We present a case of progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis, which demonstrated a rapid response by oral corticosteroids. In the present case, FDG PET as well as the gallium-67 scan was useful for monitoring response to steroid therapy.
Abstract 4663: The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells
Authors: Kevin M. Schuler, Anuj Suri, Chunxiao Zhou, Victoria A. Bae-Jump, Paola A. Gehrig
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Obesity is associated with increased risk and worse outcomes for women with endometrial cancer. Inflammation may play a critical role in obesity-driven cancers; thus, the anti-inflammatory effects of COX-2 inhibitors may be a novel treatment strategy that is particularly beneficial in endometrial cancer patients. As a result, our objective was to evaluate the effect of COX-2 inhibitors on proliferation and apoptosis in endometrial cancer cell lines. METHODS: Two endometrial cancer cell lines (ECC-1 and Ishikawa) were used in these studies. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay after exposure to the COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib. Cell cycle progression was evaluated by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was assessed by ELISA for caspase-3. hTERT mRNA expression was assessed by real-time PCR. Western immunoblotting was performed to determine the effect of celecoxib on COX-2 expression in the endometrial cancer cell lines. RESULTS: Celecoxib significantly inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in both endometrial cancer cell lines (IC50 5-10 μM for ECC-1, 10-20 μM for Ishikawa; p&amp;lt;0.005 for each). Treatment with celecoxib resulted in G1 cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of hTERT mRNA expression. Western immunoblot analysis demonstrated that celecoxib treatment suppresses COX-2 expression in both endometrial cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION: Celecoxib potently inhibits cell growth via G1 arrest, decreases telomerase activity and increases apoptotic cell death in endometrial cancer cells. This work suggests that celecoxib may be a novel chemotherapeutic agent for endometrial cancer prevention and treatment, especially given the interplay between obesity, inflammation and cancer risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4663. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4663
Nonirritant intradermal skin test concentrations of ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and rifampicin
Authors: P. Brož, Th. Harr, C. Hecking, L. Grize, K. Scherer, K. A. Jaeger, A. J. Bircher
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Intradermal skin testing of the clinically important antibiotics ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and rifampicin in the case of suspected allergies to antibiotics is poorly standardized. For clinical practice, standardized procedures and protocols are desired.Fifteen healthy volunteers were tested with different concentrations of the antibiotics as well as with appropriate controls. Test readings included wheal area measured by digital image analysis and blood flow increase measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). To reduce interpersonal variability, test results were normalized with the individual controls using a novel protocol.Nonirritating concentrations of the three antibiotics (ciprofloxacin ~0.0067 mg/ml, clarithromycin ~0.05 mg/ml, rifampicin ~0.002 mg/ml) could be defined for healthy volunteers. Laser Doppler flowmetry generates comparable results to wheal area measurement. Normalization of the test results is necessary and can be applied in a practical algorithm.Standardized skin testing to detect sensitization to broadly used nonbetalactam antibiotics was presented and should be applied in truly sensitized patients. This approach should help to minimize the inter- and intraindividual differences in reactivity.
Promoting health in prisons
Authors: N. Squires
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Britain's prison service has been much criticised in the past for providing a health service to prisoners inferior to that available to the general public through the NHS.1 Radical reform of the Prison Medical Service was expected after a Home Office “efficiency scrutiny” in 1990.2 This led to the Prison Medical Service being renamed the Health Care Service for Prisoners, being given a more strategic role in policy formulation and setting standards, and becoming an executive agency with responsibility for purchasing as well as providing health care for prisoners.3 But whether these changes have benefited prisoners is questioned in a discussion document published last week.4

Patient or Prisoner?, produced by Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons, acknowledges improvements in standards within the Health Care Service for Prisoners, with better qualified staff, better facilities, and some increase in resources. However, it states that the …
Influence of dosage and dietary sodium on the first-dose effects of prazosin.
Authors: G S Stokes, R M Graham, J M Gain, P R Davis
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The effects of the first dose of prazosin were assessed in hypertensive patients on different sodium intakes. Patients received 250, 100, or 30 mmol sodium per 24 hours for a week before taking 2 mg or 0-5 mg prazosin. The acute effects of prazosin on blood pressure and pulse rate were milder with a high sodium intake. On the 100-mmol intake symptomatic postural hypotension occurred in five out of seven patients given 2 mg prazosin and in two out of four given a 0-5-mg dose, whereas those taking 2 mg or 0-5 mg and a 250-mmol sodium intake experienced no postural symptoms. These findings indicate that particular care should be taken in starting prazosin treatment in sodium-depleted patients.
ADAMS-STOKES' SYNDROME, HEART BLOCK, IN ASSOCIATION WITH DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: HENRY K. MOHLER
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Adams-Stokes' syndrome is a term that has been applied to conditions characterized by a slow pulse with transient attacks of vertigo, syncope and epileptiform seizures. These symptoms are due to cerebral anemia induced by the slow action or temporary stoppage of the ventricles. Experiments on animals have confirmed the views held previously by clinicians that convulsions may be produced by a marked lessening or temporary shutting off of the blood supply to the brain.  Adams-Stokes' syndrome and heart block are not synonymous terms, the former being descriptive of a clinical symptom complex, and the latter describing a condition in which there is a partial or complete failure of the auricular impulse to reach the ventricle. Heart block frequently does not present any symptoms.  Adams-Stokes' syndrome is usually associated with some form of heart block. Conditions other than heart block, in which the pulse rate is infrequent, or in which there
Regulation of human monocyte/macrophage function by extracellular matrix. Adherence of monocytes to collagen matrices enhances phagocytosis of opsonized bacteria by activation of complement receptors and enhancement of Fc receptor function.
Authors: S L Newman, M A Tucci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

In inflammation monocytes emigrate from the peripheral circulation into an extravascular area rich in extracellular matrix proteins. In this milieu, phagocytes ingest and kill invading pathogens. In the present studies, we found that monocytes adhered to type I collagen gels phagocytized 2.5-12-fold more opsonized Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae than plastic-adherent monocytes. The rate of phagocytosis and the number of bacteria ingested by collagen-adherent monocytes was equal to, or greater than, the number of bacteria ingested by 7-d cultured macrophages (M phi). Although both collagen- and plastic-adherent monocytes were bactericidal for E. coli and S. aureus, more bacteria were killed by collagen-adherent monocytes by virtue of their enhanced phagocytic capacity. Cultured M phi only were bacteriostatic. Adherence of monocytes to collagen gels activated C receptors (CR) types 1 and 3 for phagocytosis, and enhanced Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated phagocytosis. Collagen- and plastic-adherent monocytes produced equivalent amounts of superoxide anion in response to phorbol myristate acetate and opsonized zymosan. Thus, the enhanced phagocytosis and killing of opsonized bacteria by collagen-adherent monocytes appear to be by regulation of the function of membrane CR and FcR, without apparent enhancement of the respiratory burst. These data suggest that adherence of monocytes to the extracellular matrix during inflammation may rapidly activate these cells for enhanced phagocytic bactericidal activity.
The Cytologic Diagnosis of Cancer
Authors: Tilde S. Kline
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This is the third edition of Graham's<i>Cytologic Diagnosis of Cancer</i>, one of the two pioneer books in the field of cytology. This text is designed almost exclusively for the newly-arrived cytology student and unfortunately is written with complete emphasis on cells per se, rather than on anatomic-physiologic-pathologic correlation. For this reviewer, the lack represents an irredeemable deficit. There are four new chapters on culde-sac aspiration. Mrs. Graham has had much experience in this field, and her findings are remarkable, including cells exfoliated from a malignant Brenner tumor, carcinosarcoma (two cases), and carcinoma in situ of the fallopian tube (10 cases). Others have not yet found this so valuable as a prescreening device; however, it is undoubtably a tool that should be further investigated. Another new chapter is "Effect of Contraceptive Pills on Vaginal Cytology." The approach to this complicated subject by cellular morphology alone is not satisfactory. This text
Preretirement Planning in a Changing Society
Authors: A. R. FOLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The author believes that most individuals who face imminent retirement are not prepared for it. This is due to factors such as forced early retirement and the individual's not being prepared to confront himself in a non working environment. He believes that preretirees need transitional programs such as the one provided by the Oliver Wendell Holmes Association, which helps preretirees examine their potentials and plan for the future and also motivates them to lead a creative retired life.
Scottish attitudes to AIDS
Authors: G B Hastings, D S Leathar, A C Scott
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Recently many approaches have been used to educate the public about the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The impact of various campaigns and interventions is difficult to measure, but some indication of the cumulative effect can be monitored over time. This is a report of the results of such a study carried out in Scotland in which the general public's awareness of and attitudes towards HIV and AIDS were measured in July 1986 and again 1 year later. 3 trends emerge from the surveys. 1) There is evidence of increasing awareness about the broader risk from AIDS to the general public as well as to high risk groups of drug misusers and homosexuals. 2) It is clear that there is still great concern about AIDS, with increasing proportions of the population seeing it as a serious social problem. 3) There is a demand for more information about AIDS, especially from young people. Knowledge of the broader risk to heterosexuals from AIDS therefore seems to be getting across, although it is clear that there is now considerable anxiety about AIDS, particularly among young people. The findings also suggest that any campaign whose objective is making the public aware of the connection between drug injection and AIDS is unnecessary, as almost everyone knows this already. The results also show that there is little to be gained by trying to induce fear or anxiety to reinforce existing knowledge of the connection between drugs and AIDS to deter potential intravenous drug users. Finally, there is a need to address the fact that some people inject drugs despite their knowledge of and fear about the risk of AIDS.
NI-26 * COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE RANO AND MACDONAD'S CRITERIA IN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA TREATED IN THE RANDOMIZED PHASE II TRIAL AVAREG WITH BEVACIZUMAB OR FOTEMUSTINE.
Authors: E. Franceschi, R. Agati, G. Finocchiaro, V. Zagonel, A. Fabi, M. Reni, C. Caserta, E. Maiello, G. Carteni, M. Clavarezza, G. Rosti, M. Eoli, G. Lombardi, A. Bacci, M. Monteforte, S. Doria, A. Galli, A. A. Brandes
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: RANO criteria, which evaluate both contrast enhancement and T2/FLAIR alterations, have been recently defined, but no prospective validation exists. We examined the radiological data of patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab (BEV) or fotemustine (FTM) in the randomized phase II AVAREG-ML25739 (EUDRACT 2011-001363-46) trial. METHODS: All MRIs of the pts have been evaluated (BEV/FTM: 59/32) accordingly with RANO and Macdonald's criteria, both locally and centrally. RESULTS: 223 MRIs were analyzed. Concordance between RANO and Macdonald criteria was found in 96.3% of cases at local evaluation and in 95.5% at central revision. Concordances between local and central assessments were 72.5% with RANO criteria and 71.1% with Macdonald's criteria. At local evaluation, pts treated with BEV had a disease control rate (DCR = CR/PR/SD) of 0.75 (95%CI: 0.62-0.85) with RANO criteria, and 0.76 (95%CI: 0.63-0.86) with Macdonald criteria, vs 0.59 (95%CI: 0.41-0.76) and 0.63 (95%CI: 0.44-0.79) with FTM. Central evaluation showed a DCR of 0.80 (95%CI: 0.68-0.90) both with RANO and Macdonald criteria for pts treated with BEV vs 0.50 (95%CI: 0.32-0.68)with FTM. In the BEV arm, only 6.8% of patients showed an increase of T2/FLAIR without T1 contrast enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: After 4 years from RANO proposal, we showed that there is a good concordance of disease evaluation in recurrent glioblastoma pts treated either with BEV or FTM in academic centers.
A Transmissible Agent in Crohn's Disease? New Pursuit of an Old Concept
Authors: David B. Sachar, Robert N. Taub, Henry D. Janowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The enigmatic nature of Crohn's disease periodically elicits plaintive cries for new concepts.1 Students of inflammatory bowel disease, struggling with this group of disorders of unknown causes, clutch at methods that appear to have worked for others. Witness, for example, the current explosion of research directed at possible immunologic mechanisms. Some recent evidence suggests, however, that hope for understanding Crohn's disease may reside in the renewed pursuit of an old concept: that Crohn's disease is in fact an infectious disease.Historically, the concept of Crohn's disease — before it was Crohn's disease — was that the ileal inflammation, granulomatosis, fistulization, . . .
Vascular events in healthy older women receiving calcium supplementation: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mark J Bolland, P Alan Barber, Robert N Doughty, Barbara Mason, Anne Horne, Ruth Ames, Gregory D Gamble, Andrew Grey, Ian R Reid
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the effect of calcium supplementation on myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden death in healthy postmenopausal women. <b>Design</b> Randomised, placebo controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Academic medical centre in an urban setting in New Zealand. <b>Participants</b> 1471 postmenopausal women (mean age 74): 732 were randomised to calcium supplementation and 739 to placebo. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Adverse cardiovascular events over five years: death, sudden death, myocardial infarction, angina, other chest pain, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and a composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death. <b>Results</b> Myocardial infarction was more commonly reported in the calcium group than in the placebo group (45 events in 31 women <i>v</i> 19 events in 14 women, P=0.01). The composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death was also more common in the calcium group (101 events in 69 women <i>v</i> 54 events in 42 women, P=0.008). After adjudication myocardial infarction remained more common in the calcium group (24 events in 21 women <i>v</i> 10 events in 10 women, relative risk 2.12, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 4.47). For the composite end point 61 events were verified in 51 women in the calcium group and 36 events in 35 women in the placebo group (relative risk 1.47, 0.97 to 2.23). When unreported events were added from the national database of hospital admissions in New Zealand the relative risk of myocardial infarction was 1.49 (0.86 to 2.57) and that of the composite end point was 1.21 (0.84 to 1.74). The respective rate ratios were 1.67 (95% confidence intervals 0.98 to 2.87) and 1.43 (1.01 to 2.04); event rates: placebo 16.3/1000 person years, calcium 23.3/1000 person years. For stroke (including unreported events) the relative risk was 1.37 (0.83 to 2.28) and the rate ratio was 1.45 (0.88 to 2.49). <b>Conclusion</b> Calcium supplementation in healthy postmenopausal women is associated with upward trends in cardiovascular event rates. This potentially detrimental effect should be balanced against the likely benefits of calcium on bone. <b>Trial registration</b> Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN 012605000242628.
THE RENAL EXCRETION OF INOSITOL BY NORMAL AND DIABETIC RATS 1
Authors: William H. Daughaday, J. Larner, Ellabeth Houghton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1954)

Inositol is excreted in the urine of patients with diabetes mellitus in greatly increased amounts.Although this fact has been known since 1859, the cumbersome analytic procedures for inositol have prevented a thorough study of the mechanism of this abnormality (1).In an earlier publication from this laboratory a microbiologic assay was em- ployed in clinical studies of the urinary excretion by normnal and diabetic humi.anbeings (2).The increased amounts of inositol found in the urine of diabetic patients was related to glycosuria rather than to polyuria.The renal clearance of inositol was found to be much higher in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients and the administration of large amounts of glucose intravenously to nondiabetic patients raised the renal clearance of inosi- tol to levels found in uncontrolled diabetic patients.A comparable increase in the excretion of inosi- tol in the urine of diabetic rats has been found.This report presents evidence that the inositol ap- pearing in the urine of diabetic rats is largely of dietary origin.The mechanism of inositol ex- cretion has been studied in the rat and observations are described which demonstrate that a mechanism exists for the tubular reabsorption of inositol which is inhibited by glucose and phlorizin but not by a saline diuresis.It is proposed that the renal tubular systems for the transport of glucose anc] inositol may be closely related. METHODSAdult male rats of the University of Illinois stock colony were subjected to subtotal pancreatectomy and
Appropriate responses to bioterrorist threats
Authors: N. Lightfoot, M. Wale, R. Spencer, A. Nicoll
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Although the threat of bioterrorism in the United Kingdom is still considered to be low, concern has heightened in the wake of the terrorist outrages in the United States on 11 September and subsequent covert releases of anthrax. 1 2 Potential events can be considered in three groups: deliberate release of a “weaponised” biological agents such as anthrax; use of a common pathogen such as salmonella; and hoaxes or false alarms. Release could occur covertly, or a warning may be given, or a suspect device discovered.

Experience of such incidents is limited. The use of a common pathogen is illustrated by deliberate contamination of salad bars in restaurants with Salmonella typhimurium by the religious sect led by Rajneesh in Oregon, United States, in 1984, causing illness in over 700 people.3 In 1995 the Aum Shinrikyo sect used sarin in the Tokyo underground.4 Subsequent investigations found that the sect was experimenting with Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum toxin, and the incident prompted a wave of planning to deal with release of chemical and biological agents. Subsequently the UK Department of Health issued confidential guidance on the management of this type of incident to directors of public health and NHS trust chief executives in March 2000.5

When a device or suspect package is discovered, or a …