tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of work‐related airway allergies; summary of the advice from the Health Council of the Netherlands
Authors: J. M. Rijnkels, T. Smid, E. C. Van den Aker, A. Burdorf, R. G. Van Wijk, D. J. J. Heederik, G. F. Houben, H. Van Loveren, T. M. Pal, F. G. B. G. J. Van Rooy, J. S. Van der Zee
Journal: Allergy (2008)

The Health Council of the Netherlands published a report in which the best procedure and method for recommending health‐based occupational exposure limits (OELs) for inhaled allergens were identified by evaluating the scientific state of the art. Many respiratory disorders in the workplace arise from inhalation of substances which can cause allergy. To protect workers against respiratory allergy, various preventive measures are taken, one of them being reduction of exposure by setting legally binding standards. These are based on health‐based OELs that specify a level of exposure to an airborne substance, a threshold level, below which it may reasonably be expected that there is no risk of adverse health effects. The Council is of the opinion that an OEL should prevent against allergic sensitization, as sensitization plays a crucial biological role and is a prerequisite for the development of allergy. Furthermore, the Council considers it most likely that the exposure level below which no allergic sensitization develops for most allergens is so low, that OELs are difficult to set with the current knowledge and technical feasibilities. An alternative approach is to accept exposure, which carries a small predefined risk in developing allergic sensitization. In addition, it is worth considering periodic screening of exposed workers on allergic sensitization, because timely intervention can prevent worse. The feasibility of periodic screening and what else is needed to comply with the most important criteria, should however be judged case‐by‐case.
Keratin gene expression during the resolution of psoriatic plaques: effect of dithranol, PUVA, etretinate and hydroxyurea regimens
Authors: D.B. HOLLAND, E.J. WOOD, W.J. CUNLIFFE, D.M. TURNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Quantitative changes in the levels of keratin polypeptides extracted from keratotome shavings from psoriatic epidermis were measured by using one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, followed by scanning densitometry. Values obtained were compared with results for non-lesional epidermis and from epidermis from normal individuals. Patients on four different treatment regimens were investigated by repeated sampling over 3-4 months starting before therapy commenced. The levels of four keratins changed significantly: keratins I (70 kd) and 2 (66 kd) tended to rise to normal levels, while keratins 16 (50 kd) and 18 (44 kd) fell to normal levels. There were differential effects as well as differences in the rates of normalization depending upon the treatment regimen. The most rapid normalization of the levels of all four keratins was observed with topical dithranol (anthralin) treatment (five patients) with plaque resolution and keratin level normalization after 7-9 weeks. Oral hydroxyurea (three patients) had similar effects, but over a longer time scale (20 weeks). In contrast, oral etretinate (four patients) caused a normalization of all except keratin 2 (66 kd) over a period of 20-28 weeks, and keratin I (70 kd) levels tended to 'overshoot' the normal level. PUVA (five patients) caused rapid normalization (in 9-12 weeks) of keratins 2 (66 kd) and 18 (44 kd), but had much weaker effects on keratins I (70 kd) and 10 (57 kd). These results suggest that resolution of lesions as judged by clinical criteria can occur without normalization of the keratin electrophoretic profile. Possibly the most reliable marker of clinical resolution was the reduction in keratin 16 (50 kd), since treatment effects on the differentiation of keratins I (70 kd) and 2 (66 kd) were different.
Association of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Somatic Symptoms, Health Care Visits, and Absenteeism Among Iraq War Veterans
Authors: Charles W. Hoge, Artin Terhakopian, Carl A. Castro, Stephen C. Messer, Charles C. Engel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: Studies of soldiers from prior wars conducted many years after combat have shown associations between combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and physical health problems. The current Iraq war has posed a considerable PTSD risk, but the association with physical health has not been well studied. Method: The authors studied 2,863 soldiers using standardized self-administered screening instruments 1 year after their return from combat duty in Iraq. Results: Among all participants, 16.6% met screening criteria for PTSD. PTSD was significantly associated with lower ratings of general health, more sick call visits, more missed workdays, more physical symptoms, and high somatic symptom severity. These results remained significant after control for being wounded or injured. Conclusions: The high prevalence of PTSD and its strong association with physical health problems among Iraq war veterans have important implications for delivery of medical services. The medical burden of PTSD includes physical health problems; combat veterans with serious somatic concerns should be evaluated for PTSD.
Emphysematous gastritis after acute pancreatitis.
Authors: L L Bloodworth, P E Stevens, R F Bury, J P Arm, D J Rainford
Journal: Gut (1987)

A case of emphysematous gastritis associated with extensive gastric infarction after acute pancreatitis and acute renal failure is described. This complication was diagnosed on a plain abdominal radiograph and confirmed endoscopically. Extensive gastric and hepatic infarction was seen at necropsy.
Guidance for Evidence-Informed Policies about Health Systems: Linking Guidance Development to Policy Development
Authors: John N. Lavis, John-Arne Røttingen, Xavier Bosch-Capblanch, Rifat Atun, Fadi El-Jardali, Lucy Gilson, Simon Lewin, Sandy Oliver, Pierre Ongolo-Zogo, Andy Haines
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

In the second paper in a three-part series on health systems guidance, John Lavis and colleagues explore the challenge of linking guidance development and policy development at global and national levels.
International Rugby Board Rugby World Cup 2007 injury surveillance study
Authors: C W Fuller, F Laborde, R J Leather, M G Molloy
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Objective: to determine the incidence, nature and causes of injuries sustained during the International Rugby Board (IRB) Rugby World Cup 2007. Design: Pospective, whole-population survey. Population: 626 international rugby players representing 20 teams competing at the IRB Rugby World Cup 2007 in France. Methods: The survey followed the international consensus procedures for studies of injuries in rugby union; the main outcome measures were incidence of match and training injuries (number of injuries/1000 player hours), severity (days absence), location, type and cause of injury. Results: the incidence of injuries was 83.9/1000 player-match hours (forwards 84.0; backs 83.7) and 3.5/1000 player-training hours (forwards 3.5; backs 3.6). The average severity of injuries was 14.7 days (forwards 14.0; backs 15.5) during matches and 17.8 (forwards 15.9; backs 19.8) during training. Lower limb muscle and ligament injuries were the main injuries during both matches and training. Most injuries were sustained in the tackle during matches and in full-contact skills activities during training. Conclusions: This study shows the application of the methodology described in the international consensus statement on injury surveillance studies in rugby union and provides benchmark values for the incidence, severity, nature and causes of match and training injuries sustained during the IRB Rugby World Cup.
Common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen is identical to neutral endopeptidase.
Authors: M Letarte, S Vera, R Tran, J B Addis, R J Onizuka, E J Quackenbush, C V Jongeneel, R R McInnes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

We purified CALLA from human kidney and isolated a cDNA clone reactive with two oligonucleotide probes corresponding to two distinct peptides. The amino acid sequence translated from the CALLA cDNA revealed 100% identity with that of human neutral endopeptidase (NEP, enkephalinase). The distribution of CALLA antigen and NEP in normal tissues are similar.
Myeloperoxidase Genotype, Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Jiyoung Ahn, Marilie D. Gammon, Regina M. Santella, Mia M. Gaudet, Julie A. Britton, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Mary Beth Terry, Alfred I. Neugut, P. David Josephy, Christine B. Ambrosone
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Myeloperoxidase (MPO), an antimicrobial enzyme in the breast, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) endogenously. An MPO G463A polymorphism exists in the promoter region, with the variant A allele conferring lower transcription activity than the common G allele. Because oxidative stress may play a role in breast carcinogenesis, we evaluated MPO genotypes in relation to breast cancer risk among 1,011 cases and 1,067 controls from the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (1996–1997). We also assessed the potential modifying effects of dietary antioxidants and hormonally related risk factors on these relationships. Women over 20 years with incident breast cancer who were residents of Nassau and Suffolk Counties, NY, were identified as potential cases. Population-based controls were frequency matched by 5-year age groups. Genotyping was performed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) technology, and suspected breast cancer risk factors and usual dietary intake were assessed during an in-person interview. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Having at least one A allele was associated with an overall 13% reduction in breast cancer risk. When consumption of fruits and vegetables and specific dietary antioxidants were dichotomized at the median, inverse associations with either GA or AA genotypes were most pronounced among women who consumed higher amounts of total fruits and vegetables (odds ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–0.97); this association was not noted among the low-consumption group (P for interaction = 0.04). Relationships were strongest among premenopausal women. Results from this first study of MPO genotypes and breast cancer risk indicate that MPO variants, related to reduced generation of ROS, are associated with decreased breast cancer risk, and emphasize the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption in reduction of breast cancer risk.
Genome-wide analyses identify KLF4 as an important negative regulator in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through directly inhibiting T-cell associated genes
Authors: Wei Li, Zhiwu Jiang, Tianzhong Li, Xinru Wei, Yi Zheng, Donghai Wu, Lijian Yang, Shaohua Chen, Bing Xu, Mei Zhong, Jue Jiang, Yufeng Hu, Hexiu Su, Minjie Zhang, Xiaojun Huang, Suxia Geng, Jianyu Weng, Xin Du, Pentao Liu, Yangqiu Li, Hudan Liu, Yao Yao, Peng Li
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) induces tumorigenesis or suppresses tumor growth in a tissue-dependent manner. However, the roles of KLF4 in hematological malignancies and the mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Inducible KLF4-overexpression Jurkat cell line combined with mouse models bearing cell-derived xenografts and primary T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells from four patients were used to assess the functional role of KLF4 in T-ALL cells in vitro and in vivo. A genome-wide RNA-seq analysis was conducted to identify genes regulated by KLF4 in T-ALL cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) PCR was used to determine direct binding sites of KLF4 in T-ALL cells. Here we reveal that KLF4 induced apoptosis through the BCL2/BCLXL pathway in human T-ALL cell lines and primary T-ALL specimens. In consistence, mice engrafted with KLF4-overexpressing T-ALL cells exhibited prolonged survival. Interestingly, the KLF4-induced apoptosis in T-ALL cells was compromised in xenografts but the invasion capacity of KLF4-expressing T-ALL cells to hosts was dramatically dampened. We found that KLF4 overexpression inhibited T cell-associated genes including NOTCH1, BCL11B, GATA3, and TCF7. Further mechanistic studies revealed that KLF4 directly bound to the promoters of NOTCH1, BCL2, and CXCR4 and suppressed their expression. Additionally, KLF4 induced SUMOylation and degradation of BCL11B. These results suggest that KLF4 as a major transcription factor that suppresses the expression of T-cell associated genes, thus inhibiting T-ALL progression.
Five-Week, Low–Glycemic Index Diet Decreases Total Fat Mass and Improves Plasma Lipid Profile in Moderately Overweight Nondiabetic Men
Authors: Clara Bouché, Salwa W. Rizkalla, Jing Luo, Hubert Vidal, Annie Veronese, Nathalie Pacher, Caroline Fouquet, Vincent Lang, Gérard Slama
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate whether a 5-week low–glycemic index (LGI) diet versus a high–glycemic index (HGI) diet can modify glucose and lipid metabolism as well as total fat mass in nondiabetic men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this study, 11 healthy men were randomly allocated to 5 weeks of an LGI or HGI diet separated by a 5-week washout interval in a crossover design. RESULTS—The LGI diet resulted in lower postprandial plasma glucose and insulin profiles and areas under the curve (AUCs) than the HGI diet. A 5-week period of the LGI diet lowered plasma triacylglycerol excursion after lunch (AUC, P &amp;lt; 0.05 LGI vs. HGI). These modifications were associated with a decrease in the total fat mass by ∼700 g (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and a tendency to increase lean body mass (P &amp;lt; 0.07) without any change in body weight. This decrease in fat mass was accompanied by a decrease in leptin, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase RNAm quantities in the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS—We concluded that 5 weeks of an LGI diet ameliorates some plasma lipid parameters, decreases total fat mass, and tends to increase lean body mass without changing body weight. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in the expression of some genes implicated in lipid metabolism. Such a diet could be of benefit to healthy, slightly overweight subjects and might play a role in the prevention of metabolic diseases and their cardiovascular complications.
The dietary flavonoid quercetin activates BKCa currents in coronary arteries via production of H2O2. Role in vasodilatation
Authors: A COGOLLUDO, G FRAZZIANO, A BRIONES, L COBENO, L MORENO, F LODI, M SALAICES, J TAMARGO, F PEREZVIZCAINO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (BKCa) regulate coronary artery tone in vivo, play a key role in blood pressure regulation, and have been suggested as novel potential drug targets in hypertension. Quercetin exerts systemic and coronary vasodilator effects in vitro and reduces blood pressure in several rat models of hypertension, and its consumption is associated with a lower mortality rate from coronary heart disease in epidemiological studies. We hypothesized that quercetin might activate BKCa channel in isolated myocytes from rat coronary arteries and that this mechanism might be involved in its coronary artery relaxant effects.Membrane currents were measured using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Contractile tension was recorded in rat coronary artery rings mounted in a myograph.Quercetin (>0.1 muM) increased the outward currents in the whole range of test potentials, hyperpolarized cell membranes, and increased the frequency of spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) carried by BKCa channels. These effects were abolished by the selective BKCa blocker iberiotoxin and by catalase. Quercetin increased dichlorofluorescein fluorescence in coronary arteries in a polyethylenglycol-catalase-sensitive manner, indicating that it increased cytosolic H(2)O(2). The membrane-permeable analogue of H(2)O(2)t-butylhydroperoxide mimicked the effects of quercetin on outward currents. The vasodilator effect of quercetin in isolated rat coronary arteries was partially inhibited by iberiotoxin.Quercetin increased BKCa currents via production of intracellular H(2)O(2). This effect is involved, at least partly, in the coronary vasodilator effects of quercetin.
Real-World Treatment Patterns Among Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Cuyun Carter Gebra, Kaltenboeck Anna, Ivanova Jasmina, Liepa Astra, San Roman Alexandra, Koh Maria, Lee Hyun Jung Helen, Birnbaum Howard, Rajan Narayan, Ballal Shaila, Cheng Rebecca, Chen Jen-Shi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Resuscitating drowned children
Authors: I. Maconochie, C. D. Deakin
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Outcomes are poor, we must focus on prevention 

The World Health Organization published its global report on drowning in November 2014, reporting a staggering 372 000 deaths a year from all types of water immersion. Worldwide, drowning is in the top 10 causes of death in children and young people, particularly in males and those aged under 5. An estimated 21 children and young adults are drowned every hour.1 Other public health matters have had disproportionately greater attention, despite the numbers of deaths from drowning being equivalent to two thirds of global deaths from malnutrition and over one half of deaths from malaria.

The linked paper by Kieboom and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.h418) looked at the outcomes of 160 Dutch children after cardiac arrest from drowning who were hypothermic at presentation to the emergency department.2 The authors analysed records from 1993 to 2012. Children who had been involved in traffic or boating incidents were excluded as injuries could have contributed to their arrest independently of drowning and also because air pockets could not be excluded. The duration of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was not included in this study as emergency medical services reached patients within 15 minutes of being dispatched. 

Of the children receiving prolonged resuscitation …
ROLE OF C5A IN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES
Authors: Ren-Feng Guo, Peter A. Ward
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2005)

▪ Abstract The complement system not only represents an effective innate immune mechanism of host defense to eradicate microbial pathogens, but it is also widely involved in many forms of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases including sepsis, acute lung injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and asthma, to give just a few examples. The complement-activated product, C5a, displays powerful biological activities that lead to inflammatory sequelae. C5a is a strong chemoattractant and is involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and T lymphocytes, in activation of phagocytic cells and release of granule-based enzymes and generation of oxidants, all of which may contribute to innate immune functions or tissue damage. Accumulating data suggest that C5a provides a vital bridge between innate and adaptive immune functions, extending the roles of C5a in inflammation. Herein, we review human and animal data describing the cellular and molecular mechanisms of C5a in the development of inflammatory disorders, sepsis, acute lung injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and asthma.
INDUCIBLE GENE EXPRESSION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF TRANSGENIC MICE
Authors: Jeffrey R. Gingrich, John Roder
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1998)

▪ Abstract Gene function during mammalian development is often studied by making irreversible changes to the genome. This approach has a major drawback in that the function of the gene in question must be deduced from the phenotype of animals that have been deficient for the product of the disrupted gene throughout ontogeny. Compensation for the loss of the gene product could yield an apparently unaltered phenotype. Alternatively, the changes in the regulation of other genes could yield a misleading phenotype. If the genetic manipulation results in embryonic or neonatal lethality, gene function at later stages of development cannot be analyzed. It would thus be highly advantageous if the expression of a particular gene could be restricted both temporally and spatially through the use of an inducible genetic system. This paper describes the various inducible genetic expression systems developed for use in mammalian cells, with particular emphasis on their application in the nervous system of transgenic mice.
Research output of health research institutions and its use in 42 sub-Saharan African countries: results of a questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Derege Kebede, Chris Zielinski, Peter Ebongue Mbondji, Issa Sanou, Wenceslas Kouvividila, Paul-Samson Lusamba-Dikassa
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2014)

Objective To describe and analyse research output from surveyed national health research institutions in Africa. Design The survey used a structured questionnaire to solicit information from 847 health research institutions in 42 countries of the World Health Organization African Region. Setting Eight hundred and forty-seven health research institutions in 42 sub-Saharan African countries. Participants Key informants from the health research institutions. Main outcome measures Volume, type and medium of publications, and distribution of research outputs. Results Books or chapters for books accounted for the highest number of information products published (on average 16.7 per respondent institution), followed by patents registered in country (8.2), discussion or working papers (6.5) and conference proceedings (6.4). Publication in a peer-reviewed journal constituted only a minor part of research output (on average about 1 paper per institution). Radio and TV broadcasts on health research accounted for the highest number of products issued by institution staff (on average 5.5 per institution), followed by peer-reviewed journals indexed internationally (3.8) or nationally (3.1). There were, on average, 1.5 press releases, 1.5 newspaper or magazine articles, and 1.4 policy briefs per institution. Over half of respondent institutions (52%) developed briefs and summaries of articles to share with their target audiences, 43% developed briefs for possible actions and 37% provided articles and reports upon request. Only a small proportion of information products produced were available in institutional databases. Conclusions The research output of health research institutions in the Region is significant, but more effort is needed to strengthen research capacity, including human and financial resources.