tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Achievement of Target A1C Levels With Negligible Hypoglycemia and Low Glucose Variability in Youth With Short-Term Type 1 Diabetes and Residual β-Cell Function
Authors: Jennifer Sherr, William V. Tamborlane, Dongyuan Xing, Eva Tsalikian, Nelly Mauras, Bruce Buckingham, Neil H. White, Ana Maria Arbelaez, Roy W. Beck, Craig Kollman, Katrina Ruedy
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE To determine exposure to hyper- and hypoglycemia using blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profiles in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with residual β-cell function during the first year of insulin treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Blinded, 3–7 day CGM profiles were obtained in 16 short-term T1D patients (age 8–18 years, T1D duration 6–52 weeks) who had peak C-peptide levels ranging from 0.46 to 1.96 nmol/L during a mixed-meal tolerance test. Results in this short-term group were compared with those in 34 patients with well-controlled, longer-term T1D (duration ≥5 years), matched for age and A1C with the short-term T1D group, and with those in 26 age-matched nondiabetic individuals. RESULTS Despite matching for A1C, and therefore similar mean sensor glucose levels in the two T1D groups, short-term T1D participants had a lower frequency of hypoglycemia (0.3 vs. 7.6%, P &amp;lt; 0.001), a trend toward less hyperglycemia (17 vs. 32%, P = 0.15), and a greater percentage in the target range (median 77 vs. 60%, P = 0.02). Indeed, the percentage of sensor glucose levels ≤70 mg/dL in the short-term T1D group (0.3%) did not differ from those in the nondiabetic group (1.7%, P = 0.73). The coefficient of variation of sensor glucose levels (an index of glucose variability) was lower in short-term vs. longer-term T1D participants (27 vs. 42%, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In youth with short-term T1D who retain residual β-cell function, there is negligible exposure to hypoglycemia and lower glucose variability than in youth with well-controlled T1D of longer duration.
Phylogenetic Analyses of Amino Acid Variation in the Serpin Proteins
Authors: William R. Atchley, Tatiana Lokot, Kurt Wollenberg, Andreas Dress, Hermann Ragg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Phylogenetic analyses of 110 serpin protein sequences revealed clades consistent with independent phylogenetic analyses based on exon-intron structure and diagnostic amino acid sites. Trees were estimated by maximum likelihood, neighbor joining, and partial split decomposition using both the BLOSUM 62 and Jones-Taylor-Thornton substitution matrices. Neighbor-joining trees gave results closest to those based on independent analyses using genomic and chromosomal data. The maximum-likelihood trees derived using the quartet puzzling algorithm were very conservative, producing many small clades that separated groups of proteins that other results suggest were related. Independent analyses based on exon-intron structure suggested that a neighbor-joining tree was more accurate than maximum-likelihood trees obtained using the quartet puzzling algorithm.
Targeting Histone Demethylases in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Steven Grant
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

A novel oligoamine analog inhibitor of histone demethylases blocks colon tumor cell growth in association with histone methylation and gene re-expression. It also markedly potentiates the activity of hypomethylating agents in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that histone demethylase inhibitors may represent a valuable addition to the armamentarium of epigenetic agents.
Relative Sweetness of Fructose Compared With Sucrose in Healthy and Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Anne Marie Fontvieille, Annick Faurion, Isaad Helal, Salwa W Rizkalla, Sophie Falgon, Martine Letanoux, Georges Tchobroutsky, Gerard Slama
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Fructose is credited with some advantages over sucrose: it causes less of an increment in plasma glucose and insulin response, and the taste is sweeter. We reevaluated the latter property with a new methodology (the “up and down” method adapted from Dixon) in 33 healthy subjects, 17 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients, and 12 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. Sweetening potency was determined over 2–3 test sessions in each subject. Results are expressed in percent as the relative sweetness (R) of fructose (F) over sucrose (S), taken as reference. In the first set of experiments, with a 30-g/L sucrose-water solution at pH 7, we found that R values were similar for healthy subjects (102 ± 8%) and diabetic subjects (106 ± 7%) (P &amp;lt; .05). No significant difference between IDDM and NIDDM patients was observed. In a second set of experiments, performed in healthy subjects only, R was increased in acid water (114%; P &amp;lt; .01), in lemon juice (136%; P &amp;lt; .001), in water at 2°C (130%; P &amp;lt; .001), and in coffee at 2°C (120%; P &amp;lt; .02); mean values were decreased in grapefruit juice (77%; P &amp;lt; .001), in water at 43°C (88%; P &amp;lt; .01), and in coffee at 53°C (87%; P &amp;lt; .001). We found that the test methodology had a very satisfactory intrasubject reproducibility (coefficient of variation [C.V.] &amp;lt; 8%) but a very wide intersubject variability (C.V. ≃ 32%). We conclude that fructose has either an equal, higher, or lower relative sweetness compared with sucrose, depending on the physical and chemical characteristics of the solutions. The results were unpredictable for one given subject, but fructose seemed regularly sweeter in cold beverages than in hot ones. Diabetic individuals found fructose slightly but significantly sweeter than sucrose, but it is doubtful that this modest difference has any clinical implications.
Fracture shaft of clavicle, an indirect injury from bench pressing
Authors: I P S Gill, Chima Mbubaegbu
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Injuries related to weight training are becoming increasingly common as the trend for body resistance training grows. There have been numerous injuries related to repeated stress, but this appears to be the first reported case of a fracture of the shaft of clavicle related to violent muscular contraction. It occurred in a 28 year old man during bench pressing. He was treated conservatively and the fracture united in six weeks. Resistant trainers should be made aware of the risks of heavy weight training and need proper supervision.
Multiple circumscribed subcutaneous lipomas associated with use of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors?
Authors: E. Bornhövd, A.K. Sakrauski, H. Brühl, R. Walli, G. Plewig, M. Röcken
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Multiple circumscribed subcutaneous lipomas associated with use of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors? Get access E. Bornhövd, E. Bornhövd Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.K. Sakrauski, A.K. Sakrauski Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Brühl, H. Brühl Internal Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9–11, D‐80337 Munich, GermanyE‐mail: Bornhoevd@lrz.uni‐muenchen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Walli, R. Walli Internal Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9–11, D‐80337 Munich, GermanyE‐mail: Bornhoevd@lrz.uni‐muenchen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Plewig, G. Plewig Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Röcken M. Röcken Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 5, 1 November 2000, Pages 1113–1114, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03871.x Published: 01 November 2000
Lung Tumor Induction and Inhibition of Breast Adenocarcinomas by Hydrazine Sulfate in Mice&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Bela Toth
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Journal Article Lung Tumor Induction and Inhibition of Breast Adenocarcinomas by Hydrazine Sulfate in Mice Get access Bela Toth Bela Toth The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68105 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 42, Issue 3, March 1969, Pages 469–475, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/42.3.469 Published: 01 March 1969 Article history Received: 01 November 1968 Accepted: 18 December 1968 Published: 01 March 1969
Response to Rv2628 latency antigen associates with cured tuberculosis and remote infection
Authors: D. Goletti, O. Butera, V. Vanini, F.N. Lauria, C. Lange, K.L.M.C. Franken, C. Angeletti, T.H.M. Ottenhoff, E. Girardi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Interferon-γ release assays based on region of difference 1 antigens have improved diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, these tests cannot discriminate between recently acquired infection (higher risk of progression to active tuberculosis) and remote LTBI. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the T-cell interferon-γ responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis DosR-regulon-encoded antigens (latency antigens) compared with QuantiFERON TB-Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) in subjects at different stages of tuberculosis. A total of 16 individuals with remote LTBI and 23 with recent infection were studied; 15 controls unexposed to M. tuberculosis and 50 patients with active tuberculosis and 45 with cured tuberculosis were also analysed. The results indicated that subjects with remote LTBI showed significantly higher whole-blood interferon-γ responses to M. tuberculosis latency antigen Rv2628 than did individuals with recent infection, active tuberculosis and controls (p&lt;0.003), whereas no significant differences between these groups were found for other latency antigens tested (Rv2626c, Rv2627c, Rv2031c and Rv2032). The proportion of responders to Rv2628 was five-fold higher among QFT-GIT-positive-individuals with remote infection than among those with recently acquired infection. These data suggest that responses to M. tuberculosis latency antigen Rv2628 may associate with immune-mediated protection against tuberculosis. In contact-tracing investigations, these preliminary data may differentiate recent (positive QFT-GIT results without responses to Rv2628) from remote infection (positive to both tests).
Adult Health Outcomes of Childhood Bullying Victimization: Evidence From a Five-Decade Longitudinal British Birth Cohort
Authors: Ryu Takizawa, Barbara Maughan, Louise Arseneault
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2014)

A five decade-long nationwide study revealed that the impact of being bullied in childhood persists up to mid-life. The harmful effects extend beyond psychological distress to lower levels of education, physical and cognitive health problems, and poor social functioning.
Pooled Safety and Efficacy Analysis Examining the Effect of Performance Status on Outcomes in Nine First-Line Treatment Trials Using Individual Data From Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Daniel J. Sargent, Claus Henning Köhne, Hanna Kelly Sanoff, Brian M. Bot, Matthew T. Seymour, Aimery de Gramont, Ranier Porschen, Leonard B. Saltz, Philippe Rougier, Christopher Tournigand, Jean-Yves Douillard, Richard J. Stephens, Axel Grothey, Richard M. Goldberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Performance status (PS) is a prognostic factor in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Clinical trials typically enroll less than 10% of patients with a PS of 2 (PS2); thus, the benefit of systemic chemotherapy in PS2 patients is uncertain. Individual data from 6,286 patients (509 PS2 patients) from nine clinical trials were used to compare treatment efficacy by PS. Progression-free survival (PFS), grade > or = 3 adverse events, 60-day all-cause mortality, overall survival (OS), and response rate (RR) were explored in the full set of nine trials and in the five trials comparing first-line monotherapy with combination therapy. Compared with patients with PS of 0 or 1, PS2 patients had significantly higher rates of grade > or = 3 nausea (8.5% v 16.4%, respectively; P < .0001) and vomiting (7.6% v 11.9%, respectively; P = .006) and 60-day all-cause mortality (2.8% v 12.0%, respectively; P < .0001). PS2 was prognostic for PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52; P < .0001; median PFS, 7.6 months for PS 0 or 1 v 4.9 months for PS2), OS (HR = 2.18; P < .0001; median OS, 17.3 months for PS 0 or 1 v 8.5 months for PS2), and RR (odds ratio = 0.61; P < .0001; 43.8% for PS 0 or 1 v 32.0% for PS2). The relative benefit and toxicity of experimental versus control treatment and monotherapy versus combination therapy were not different in PS 0 or 1 patients versus PS2 patients. In clinical trials, PS2 patients derive similar benefit from superior treatment as patients with PS of 0 to 1 but with an increased risk of toxicities and 12% 60-day mortality. Although current treatment provides benefit, new approaches are required to approach 1-year median survival for PS2 patients.
Salp15, an Ixodes scapularis Salivary Protein, Inhibits CD4+ T Cell Activation
Authors: Juan Anguita, Nandhini Ramamoorthi, Joppe W.R Hovius, Subrata Das, Venetta Thomas, Rafal Persinski, Dietrich Conze, Philip W Askenase, Mercedes Rincón, Fred S Kantor, Erol Fikrig
Journal: Immunity (2002)
Is There a Shared Pathophysiology for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome?
Authors: Karl Desch, David Motto
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Thrombotic microangiopathy is characterized by microvascular thrombosis coupled with thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and red blood cell fragmentation. Familiar to nephrologists and hematologists alike, classically associated with thrombotic microangiopathy are the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), the histories and presentations of which are closely intertwined. Not surprising, these two disorders are considered by many to be manifestations of the same disease process, whereas others consider HUS and TTP to be distinct clinical and pathologic entities. Herein are reviewed HUS and TTP along with recent progress shedding new light on possible shared pathophysiologic mechanisms for these two intriguing disorders.
Diffuse Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis in Patients with a Positive Sheep Cell Agglutination Test
Authors: T. B. Stretton, J. T. Leeming
Journal: Thorax (1964)

From the Manchester Royal Infirmary one hour (Wintrobe).The Mantoux test was positive 1/ 100.A Kveim test was negative.Serum sodium was 140, potassium 5-4, chloride 92, and plasma bicarbonate 27 mEq/l.The blood urea was 26 mg./100 ml.Serum calcium was 9-3 and phosphorus 3-6 mg./100 ml.79 on August 19,
Significance of the biodurability of man-made vitreous fibers to risk assessment.
Authors: H Muhle, B Bellmann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

It is generally agreed that the biodurability of man-made vitreous fibers is a major factor for the characterization of potential health effects. As there is currently no standardization of experimental protocols to determine biodurabilty, the results of the clearance assays have not been used up to now for regulatory purposes. Methods used to analyze biodurability in animal models are short-term inhalational exposure and intratracheal instillation of rat respirable fibers. Both test methods have strengths and limitations for regulatory purposes. We outline recommended procedures for standardized biodurability assays that can be used to compare different fiber types. In animal experiments, biodurability is difficult to separate from biopersistence, as mucociliary and macrophage-mediated clearance occur simultaneously with dissolution and disintegration. For intratracheal instillation, a sized rat respirable sample must be used. Precautions should be taken to prevent aggregation of fibers in the lungs. Although from a scientific point of view questions remain about quantifying the influence of fiber length, diameter, dose, and exposure route, consistent data on the biodurability of vitreous glass fibers are available which may be used for regulatory purposes.
Dendritic Spines: Cellular Specializations Imparting Both Stability and Flexibility to Synaptic Function
Authors: K M Harris, S B Kater
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1994)

Dendritic spines, the tiny protrusions that stud the surface of many neurons, are the location of over 90% of all excitatory synapses that occur in the CNS. Their small size has, in large part, made them refractory to conventional experimental approaches. Yet their widespread occurrence and likely involvement in learning and memory has motivated extensive efforts to obtain quantitative descriptions of spines in both steady state and dynamic onditions. Since the seminal mathematical analyses of D’Arcy Thompson (1992), the power of quantitatively establishing key parameters of structure has become recognized as a foundation of successful biological inquiry. For dendritic spines, highly precise determinations of structure and its variation are again proving to be essential for establishing a valid concept of function. The recent conjunction of high quality information about the structure, function, and theoretical implications of dendritic spines has, in fact, produced a flurry of
Efficacy of Low-Dose Cytarabine-Based Regimen(Cag)Followed by Azacitidine for Elderly Patients with Mds/Aml
Authors: Takayuki Tabayashi, Yasuyuki Takahashi, Yuta Kimura, Tatsuki Tomikawa, Morihiko Sagawa, Tomoe Anan, Reiko Watanabe, Michihide Tokuhira, Shigehisa Mori, Masahiro Kizaki
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Erratum to: “Digital image analysis of collagen assessment of progression of fibrosis in recurrent HCV after liver transplantation” [J Hepatol 2013;58:962–968]
Authors: Pinelopi Manousou, Andrew K. Burroughs, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Graziela Isgro, Andrew Hall, Anna Green, Vicenza Calvaruso, Guang Li Ma, Jeremy Gale, Gary Burgess, James O’Beirne, David Patch, Douglas Thorburn, Gioacchino Leandro, Amar Paul Dhillon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Muscle Glucose Metabolism following Exercise in the Rat
Authors: Erik A. Richter, Lawrence P. Garetto, Michael N. Goodman, Neil B. Ruderman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Muscle glycogen stores are depleted during exercise and are rapidly repleted during the recovery period. To investigate the mechanism for this phenomenon, untrained male rats were run for 45 min on a motor-driven treadmill and the ability of their muscles to utilize glucose was then assessed during perfusion of their isolated hindquarters. Glucose utilization by the hindquarter was the same in exercised and control rats perfused in the absence of added insulin; however, when insulin (30-40,000 muU/ml) was added to the perfusate, glucose utilization was greater after exercise. Prior exercise lowered both, the concentration of insulin that half-maximally stimulated glucose utilization (exercise, 150 muU/ml; control, 480 muU/ml) and modestly increased its maximum effect. The increase in insulin sensitivity persisted for 4 h following exercise, but was not present after 24 h. The rate-limiting step in glucose utilization enhanced by prior exercise appeared to be glucose transport across the cell membrane, as in neither control nor exercised rats did free glucose accumulate in the muscle cell. Following exercise, the ability of insulin to stimulate the release of lactate into the perfusate was unaltered; however its ability to stimulate the incorporation of [(14)C]glucose into glycogen in certain muscles was enhanced. Thus at a concentration of 75 muU/ml insulin stimulated glycogen synthesis eightfold more in the fast-twitch red fibers of the red gastrocnemius than it did in the same muscle of nonexercised rats. In contrast, insulin only minimally increased glycogen synthesis in the fast-twitch white fibers of the gastrocnemius, which were not glycogen-depleted. The uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by these muscles followed a similar pattern suggesting that glucose transport was also differentially enhanced. Prior exercise did not enhance the ability of insulin to convert glycogen synthase from its glucose-6-phosphate-dependent (D) to its glucose-6-phosphate-independent (1) form. On the other hand, following exercise, insulin prevented a marked decrease in muscle glucose-6-phosphate, which could have diminished synthase activity in situ. The possibility that exercise enhanced the ability of insulin to convert glycogen synthase D to an intermediate form of the enzyme, more sensitive to glucose-6-phosphate, remains to be explored. These results suggest that following exercise, glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle are enhanced due at least in part to an increase in insulin sensitivity. They also suggest that this increase in insulin sensitivity occurs predominantly in muscle fibers that are deglycogenated during exercise.
Cytokines in Pulmonary Emphysema: Can Results in Mice Be Translated to Humans?
Authors: Marcel Bonay, Anne Boutten, Bruno Crestani
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

1. Goodman P, Agnew M, McCaffrey M, Paul G, Clancy L. Effects of the Irish smoking ban on respiratory health of bar workers and air quality in Dublin pubs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:840–845. 2. Travers MJ, Cummings KM, Hyland A, Repace JL, Pechacek TF, Caraballo R. Indoor air quality in hospitality venues before and after the implementation of a clean indoor air law–western New York, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004;53:1038–1041. 3. Repace JL, Hyde JN, Brugge D. Air pollution in Boston bars before and after a smoking ban. BMC Public Health 2006;6:266. 4. Edwards R, Hasselholdt CP, Hargreaves K, Probert C, Holford R, Hart J, van Tongeren M, Watson AF. Levels of second hand smoke in pubs and bars by deprivation and food-serving status: a cross-sectional study from North West England. BMC Public Health 2006;6:42.
Clinical risk factors for hamstring muscle strain injury: a prospective study with correlation of injury by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: G M Verrall, J P Slavotinek, P G Barnes, G T Fon, A J Spriggins
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

Objective —To prospectively establish risk factors for hamstring muscle strain injury using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to define the diagnosis of posterior thigh injury. Method —In a prospective cohort study using two elite Australian Rules football clubs, the anthropometric characteristics and past clinical history of 114 athletes were recorded. Players were followed throughout the subsequent season, with posterior thigh injuries being documented. Hamstring intramuscular hyperintensity on T2 weighted MRI was required to meet our criteria for a definite hamstring injury. Statistical associations were sought between anthropometric and previous clinical characteristics and hamstring muscle injury. Results —MRI in 32 players showed either hamstring injury (n = 26) or normal scans (n = 6). An association existed between a hamstring injury and each of the following: increasing age, being aboriginal, past history of an injury to the posterior thigh or knee or osteitis pubis (all p&lt;0.05). These factors were still significant when players with a past history of posterior thigh injury (n = 26) were excluded. Previous back injury was associated with a posterior thigh injury that looked normal on MRI scan, but not with an MRI detected hamstring injury. Conclusions —Hamstring injuries are common in Australian football, and previous posterior thigh injury is a significant risk factor. Other factors, such as increasing age, being of aboriginal descent, or having a past history of knee injury or osteitis pubis, increase the risk of hamstring strain independently of previous posterior thigh injury. However, as the numbers in this study are small, further research is needed before definitive statements can be made.