tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ehrlichiosis — Ticks, Dogs, and Doxycycline
Authors: Jesse L. Goodman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The ehrlichia are obligate intracellular bacteria that infect a variety of animals, usually with ticks as vectors. Ehrlichia sennetsu, the first species recognized to infect humans, causes a mononucleosis-like illness that so far has been seen only in Asia.1 In 1987, the first case of human ehrlichiosis in the United States was reported. Because of serologic cross-reaction, the infection was thought to be caused by an agent of ehrlichiosis in dogs, E. canis. 2 The organism was subsequently isolated in cell culture, was shown to be distinct from E. canis, and was named E. chaffeensis. 3 Because the organism often forms characteristic . . .
Modernisation Board identifies progress on NHS Plan
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The NHS has made a good start in meeting targets set out in the NHS Plan, but this progress needs to continue for meaningful improvements in services to patients to be achieved, reported the first annual report from the NHS Modernisation Board, published last week.

The NHS Modernisation Board—a group of senior health and social care professionals, frontline staff, managers, and representatives of patients—was set up to advise the secretary of state for health on implementing the NHS Plan, a 10 year plan for improvements, published last year.

Members meet every three months to discuss progress and set priorities for changing the NHS. Their first annual report analyses changes in the NHS achieved in the year since the board first met in October 2000 and identifies areas for further progress.

One of the simplest changes to assess was the increase in the numbers of hospital beds and staff as a result of increased funding. NHS expenditure is set to …
A MIXED INFECTION WITH TERTIAN AND QUARTAN MALARIA OCCURRING IN A PATIENT WITH SYMMETRICAL GANGRENE.
Authors: EDWARD JENNER WOOD
Journal: JAMA (1907)

For many years the idea has existed among various observers that there is a relation between symmetrical gangrene and malaria. This relation was hardly appreciated by Raynaud<sup>1</sup>in his thesis, although several of his cases were malarious subjects. In Case 6, which was reported in 1837 by Marchand, the patient was a woman who had had an outbreak of the gangrene six weeks after an attack of tertian malaria. Likewise the patient in Case 7 had had a three months' attack of tertian malaria preceding the gangrene. The patients in Cases 23 and 25 had had obscure fever. In the<i>New Researches</i>the patient in Case 1 was a malarious subject, and in Case 5 the patient had had attacks of fever. In 1869 Rey reported a case in which the patient had been affected with gangrene after attacks of intermittent fever in Senegal and later in France. In 1870
Combined Targeting of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Cyclooxygenase-2 Pathways
Authors: Scott M. Lippman, Neil Gibson, Kotha Subbaramaiah, Andrew J. Dannenberg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Extensive evidence implicates both the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in carcinogenesis. Stimulation of EGFR signaling or enhanced synthesis of COX-2–derived prostanoids can influence several processes that are linked to carcinogenesis, including cell
New Inflammatory Disorder
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Scalene Node Biopsy
Authors: Charles R. Blair
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The technique of scalene node biopsy here described involves the excision of a fat pad, en bloc, containing lymph nodes, from the neck. The value of the information so obtained was assessed by a study of 102 cases. In many the biopsy did not lead to the diagnosis, but in many others it did. Its value in sarcoidosis is illustrated by a case history. Three other case histories illustrate its value in recognizing a circumscribed pulmonary carcinoma amenable to surgery, in settling the diagnosis and determining the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, and in confirming the inoperability of a malignant lymphoma. In this series of biopsies there were no serious complications, and the authors recommend the procedure as having a definite place in the treatment of intrathoracic disease.
Publicly funded research in the UK must be freely accessible
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Publicly funded research must be made accessible and free of charge to the public, recommended a statement published this week by research councils in the United Kingdom.

The statement said that information derived from publicly funded research must be made available at no charge for public use as widely, rapidly, and effectively as is practical.

It also advised that published research findings must be subject to rigorous quality assurance, through effective peer review mechanisms, and that mechanisms for publication and access to research results must be efficient and cost effective. Finally, the outputs from current and future research must be …
THE TREATMENT OF IRRITANT GAS POISONING
Authors: J. M. Lazenby
Journal: BMJ (1918)

TREATMENT OF IRRITANT GAS POISONING. (SEPT.28, 19I8 seen.The pleural surface of the lungs showed numerous dark convex areas resembling the condition resulting from infarction.On section these were found to be due to recent haemorrhages, the majority immediately beneatl the pleura, the rest widely scattered throughout the substance of the organ.Portions excised felt partly consoli--dated, but floated in water.The heart weighed 10 oz.The musclb was pale, the valves normal.There was no marked alteration in the size of the liver; it weighed 36 oz.On section the liver substance was firm, with a distinct nutmeg appearance.The gall bladder was normal.The spleen weighed 41 oz.; its substance was dark purple, moderately firm.The pancreas and suprarenals appeared normal.The kidneys weighed 6 oz. each and were some- whlat largo and pale.The capsules stripped readily and left a smooth surface.Th-e stomach, duodenum, and intes- tines were normal, and nothing abnormal was detected in the brain.Hi8totogical Examination.We have to express our thanks to Dr. J. A. Murray, of the Imperial Cancer Research Laboratory, wlho kindly undertook the preparation of these sections, for which we had no facilities, and gave us his opinion upon them.Liver.-Sections show striking changes.The paren- chyma cells are shrunken and separated from one anotlher, appearing to lhave undergone degeneration.There is somie overgrowth of the interstitial connective tissue and pro- liferation in the portal areas.Tissue for the staining and demonstration of fat was not preserved.Liung.-The lung shows recent haemorrhages into the alveoli, probably due to infarction.The walls of the alveoli appear normal.Kidcney.-The cells of the tubules show vacuolation, probably due to fatty changes.There is little alteration of the iLnterstitial tissue.
Veno-occlusive Disease of Liver
Authors: P. S. Gupta, G. D. Gupta, M. L. Sharma
Journal: BMJ (1963)

LIVER FIG.1.-Case 1. Showing acute FIG.2.-Case 1. Showing acute FIG.3.-Case 2. Showing acute V.OD. with centrolobular lagoons of V.OD. with occlusion of centrolobular V.OD. with occlusion of centrolobular blood.(H. and B. x 100.) vein by subendothelial oedema of vein (arrow) by connective-tissue fibres intima.(Reticulin stain.x 400.) and distension of sinusoids.(Reticulin stain.x200.)
THE WORK OF A DEPARTMENT FOR EMPLOYING EXPECTANT MOTHERS IN A MUNITION FACTORY: (Preliminary Report.)
Authors: R. H. B. Adamson, H. Palmer-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1918)

B3n 309 of identity is still wanting, and the inability to obtain definite cultures of rickettsia bodies up to the present hinders fuLrther advance in this direction.CONCLUSIONS.- 1. Tlhe constalnt presence, after a suitable lapse of titiie, of l ickettsia bodies in lice wllich lhave been fed on a trench fever patienit has been confirmed.2. The absence of rickettsia bodies from lice bred in captivity and fecl only on healthy men has been slhown by our worl, in contradistinction to observations made oni the Continent where the population is much mnore exposed to infection and a clean stock of lice is more difficult to procure tllan in this country.3. A very close correlation has beeni shlown to exist between the presence of rickettsia bodies in lice or the excreta of lice and the virulence of these materials when inoculated into men.
EAR DISEASES IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD.
Authors: J. HOMER COULTER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The statistics which show an infant mortality of from 20 to 25 per cent. before the end of the first year of life are a woeful and terrible comment on the ignorance or carelessness of some one, be it parent, family physician, modern circumstances or environment. Wherever the blame belongs it must soon be known, and a remedy applied which will stop such a sacrifice of human life. Such a record does not comport with modern achievement and advancement, and can not long be tolerated as one of the failures of medicine. In this percentage there is a large, too large, ratio of ear conditions presented as a causal or complicating element in the cause of death. The ear conditions which are most frequently met with in infancy and childhood are acute middle-ear suppuration with or without its more or less severe and serious complications, impacted cerumen, foreign bodies, furunculosis,
Spine Care: vol 1, Diagnosis and Conservative Treatment, vol 2, Operative Treatment
Authors: Robert Goodkin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The editors have attempted to produce an inclusive text to be used by anyone who cares for patients with disorders of the spine. Have they succeeded? In part, yes. There are two volumes and 132 authors who have contributed to the 113 chapters and appendix. The authors cover the gamut of specialists (medical, paramedical, and nonmedical) who participate in the care, either directly or indirectly, of this group of patients. They include orthopedic and neurological surgeons, neurologists, neuroradiologists, physiatrists, psychologists, psychiatrists, rheumatologists, epidemiologists, pathologists, engineers, basic scientists, statisticians, physical therapists, and unique to the textbook, the specialty of chiropractic, which in this reviewer's opinion is appropriate considering the number of patients who are cared for by members of this field. Since the treatment of spinal disorders can be a chronic problem involving the participation of the aforementioned specialists, it is the intention of the editors that the book present a
Elucidation of Acquired Resistance to Bcl-2 and MDM2 Inhibitors in Acute Leukemia <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i>
Authors: C. Gianna Hoffman-Luca, Daniel Ziazadeh, Donna McEachern, Yujun Zhao, Wei Sun, Laurent Debussche, Shaomeng Wang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Two clinical-stage anticancer drugs, the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-263, and the MDM2 inhibitor SAR405838 achieve complete tumor regression in animal models of leukemia but also induce acquired resistance. Elucidation of acquired resistance mechanisms and development of strategies to overcome the resistance are critical for their successful clinical development.We employed RS4;11 and MV4;11 cell lines, two acute leukemia models, to investigate acquired resistance mechanisms for both drugs in vitro and in vivo and evaluated several treatment regimens in xenograft mouse models to improve long-term, complete tumor regression.Resistance to either SAR405838 or ABT-263 (or its analogue ABT-737) develops in acute leukemia models in vitro and in vivo. RS4;11 and MV4;11 tumors treated with SAR405838 acquire resistance to the drug by mutation of the TP53 gene or compromise of p53 protein function. RS4;11 tumors treated with either ABT-263 or ABT-737 acquire resistance primarily through downregulation of BAX but not BAK. When acute leukemia cells become highly resistant to the MDM2 inhibitor, they retain their sensitivity to the Bcl-2 inhibitors, or vice versa. Certain sequential or combination treatment of SAR405838 and ABT-263 can achieve longer-term tumor regression than treatment with either agent alone.Our study provides new insights into the mechanisms of acquired resistance of Bcl-2 and MDM2 inhibitors in acute leukemia models and suggests that certain sequential or combination treatment of these two distinct classes of apoptosis-inducing agents should be tested as new treatment strategies for acute leukemia in the clinic.
A Continual Remembrance: Letters From Sir William Osier to his Friend Ned Milburn, 1867-1919
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The author, on the last page of this book, remarks that Osler's influence for all that is noble and good in this world continues still. Somehow, although he has been dead nearly half a century, and although he made no really first-rank medical discoveries, the remarkable charisma of William Osler remains potent and provides a sense of humanity and of ethical correctness which we need even more now than did his contemporaries. Because of this influence, a new book on Osler is always welcome.  One is seldom disappointed with a new look at the great man, for the limits of his personality and appeal have not yet been defined. Always there is something new to be learned, and always the hope springs up that by knowing him better, one may become more like him.  What, then, is there new in Holley's book? The main content is 64 letters and postcards
Effect of Volume Expansion on Sodium Excretion in the Presence and Absence of Increased Delivery from Superficial Proximal Tubules
Authors: Franklyn G. Knox, Edward G. Schneider, L. R. Willis, Jack W. Strandhoy, Cobern E. Ott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The role of the proximal tubule in the natriuresis after volume expansion was investigated by evaluating sodium excretion both in the presence and absence of increased delivery from the proximal tubule. Proximal delivery was calculated from fractional reabsorption in superficial proximal tubules determined by micropuncture and glomerular filtration rate of the micropunctured kidney. Infusion of Ringer's solution in six dogs increased delivery from the proximal tubule 4.7+/-1 ml/min (P < 0.01) and increased fractional sodium excretion 3.6+/-1.1% (P < 0.025). Infusion of hyperoncotic albumin into the renal artery during sustained volume expansion decreased delivery from the proximal tubule 6.5+/-0.9 ml/min (P < 0.01). Although proximal delivery was restored to below control levels, fractional sodium excretion was significantly increased 2.5+/-0.5% (P < 0.01) as compared with the hydropenic control period. Fractional phosphate excretion was increased 15.5+/-3.7% (P < 0.01) after Ringer's infusion and was decreased 10.5+/-1.6% (P < 0.005) after intrarenal albumin infusion, suggesting that changes in superficial nephron reabsorption were paralleled by changes in reabsorption in deeper nephrons. Similar results were found in six additional dogs in which other factors known to affect phosphate reabsorption were controlled; however, these studies cannot completely eliminate a role for deep nephrons in the natriuresis after intrarenal albumin infusion. Since 70% of the natriuresis after volume expansion was present without increased delivery from superficial proximal tubules, it is likely that increased delivery from the proximal tubule contributes a relatively minor fraction to the natriuresis of volume expansion.
[497] TWO-YEAR RESULTS OF A PHASE III COMPARATIVE TRIAL OF TELBIVUDINE VS LAMIVUDINE IN CHINESE PATIENTS
Authors: J.-D. Jia, J.-L. Hou, Y.-K. Yin, D.-Z. Xu, D. Tan, J. Niu, X.-Q. Zhou, Y. Wang, L. Zhu, N. Brown
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Postoperative Reflux Gastritis: Pathophysiology and Long-Term Outcome After Roux-en-Y Diversion
Authors: JUAN-R. MALAGELADA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Sixteen patients with clinical features of postoperative gastritis who had been advised to have a Roux-en-Y diversion were studied prospectively. Studies were done pre- and postoperatively (mean follow-up, 4.9 years; range, 3.8 to 6.9), and the findings were compared with those in 11 control subjects with previous enterogastric anastomosis but with no symptoms. The patients had higher concentrations of bile acids and trypsin in gastric samples than did controls. Patients had greater endoscopic changes, although mucosal histologic characteristics were similar in both groups. Administration of aluminum hydroxide or cholestyramine reduced the aqueous concentrations of bile acids in gastric contents. Roux-en-Y diversion virtually eliminated duodenogastric reflux, and gastroscopic appearances returned to normal. However, Roux-en-Y diversion did not change mucosal histologic characteristics. Symptom scores were reduced in the early postoperative period, but bilious vomiting was the only symptom alleviated consistently and permanently. As a treatment for postoperative gastritis, Roux-en-Y diversion offers potential but limited benefits.
Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia: a comparison between prostaglandin E2 and oxytocin inductions.
Authors: W C Chew
Journal: BMJ (1977)

T-cell lymphoma of the thyroid Surface marker studies on lymphocytes have shown that many non- Hodgkin's lymphomas, especially the nodular variety, are of B-cell type, while only a small proportion-mainly those occurring in young people-are of T-cell type.1 2 We believe that this is the first account of a primary T-cell lymphoma of the thyroid.
Effects of Eyjafjallajökull Volcanic Ash on Innate Immune System Responses and Bacterial Growth <i>in Vitro</i>
Authors: Martha M. Monick, Jonas Baltrusaitis, Linda S. Powers, Jennifer A. Borcherding, Juan C. Caraballo, Imali Mudunkotuwa, David W. Peate, Katherine Walters, Jay M. Thompson, Vicki H. Grassian, Gunnar Gudmundsson, Alejandro P. Comellas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

On 20 March 2010, the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull erupted for the first time in 190 years. Despite many epidemiological reports showing effects of volcanic ash on the respiratory system, there are limited data evaluating cellular mechanisms involved in the response to ash. Epidemiological studies have observed an increase in respiratory infections in subjects and populations exposed to volcanic eruptions.We physicochemically characterized volcanic ash, finding various sizes of particles, as well as the presence of several transition metals, including iron. We examined the effect of Eyjafjallajökull ash on primary rat alveolar epithelial cells and human airway epithelial cells (20-100 µg/cm(2)), primary rat and human alveolar macrophages (5-20 µg/cm(2)), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) growth (3 µg/104 bacteria).Volcanic ash had minimal effect on alveolar and airway epithelial cell integrity. In alveolar macrophages, volcanic ash disrupted pathogen-killing and inflammatory responses. In in vitro bacterial growth models, volcanic ash increased bacterial replication and decreased bacterial killing by antimicrobial peptides.These results provide potential biological plausibility for epidemiological data that show an association between air pollution exposure and the development of respiratory infections. These data suggest that volcanic ash exposure, while not seriously compromising lung cell function, may be able to impair innate immunity responses in exposed individuals.
A Comparison of the Epidemiology of Youth-onset Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus Between Japan and the United States (Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Authors: Naoko Tajima, Ronald E LaPorte, Itsuro Hibi, Teruo Kitagawa, Hidehiro Fujita, Allan L Drash
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Children in the United States are almost 20 times more likely to develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) than children in Japan. Little is known about the differences between the two countries that might account for this very large difference in risk. The current research compared the characteristics of IDDM in Japan with those of the United States (Allegheny County, Pennsylvania). Seasonality, relationship to socioeconomic status, and age at onset were similar. There was some suggestion of a sex difference. Of interest was that reported recent infections at onset were much higher in the United States. In addition, the risk to first-degree relatives in Japan appeared to be somewhat lower than in the United States, although this may have been the result of differences in ascertainment. These results are discussed in relation to potential factors that might account for the major incidence differences.
The History of Psychotherapy: From Healing Magic to Encounter
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Probably in every culture, in every age, emotionally troubled people have sought relief through specially skilled persons in their own group. Whether the sufferers regarded themselves as physically ill, afflicted by hostile spirits (supernatural or human), or mentally ill, they consulted some type of professional healer—magician, priest, physician, psychologist. The methods of treatment have varied in different places and in different times, and even today there is no agreement as to the best method to help the emotionally disturbed. In the<i>History of Psychotherapy</i>, Ehrenwald traces the development of different procedures, based on different theories of the cause of the disturbance. He classifies the avenues of mental healing as "1) Magic or the Quest for Omnipotence; 2) Religion or the Quest for Salvation; 3) Science or the Quest for Knowledge and Mastery." He portrays each by several lengthy excerpts from the writings of representative practitioners. The final section he calls
Reply from Authors re: Leah Gerber, Lionel L. Bañez, Stephen J. Freeland. Defining and Treating High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Can We Do Better? Eur Urol 2010;58:8–9
Authors: Martin Spahn, Steven Joniau, Burkhard Kneitz, Paolo Gontero, Hein van Poppel
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Biomarker Analyses from a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase IIIb Trial Comparing Bevacizumab with or without Erlotinib as Maintenance Therapy for the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (ATLAS)
Authors: Fairooz Kabbinavar, Louis Fehrenbacher, John Hainsworth, Saifuddin Kasubhai, Bruce Kressel, Thomas Marsland, Taral Patel, Mark Rubin, Leonard White, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Barbara Klughammer, Dawn Colburn, Vincent Miller, Bruce E. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)