tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Familial Multiple Polyposis Associated with Soft-Tissue and Hard-Tissue Tumors
Authors: Melvin A. Shiffman
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Ninety cases of familial multiple polyposis associated with soft-tissue and hardtissue tumors were analyzed. The results led to the conclusion that, in familial multiple polyposis, one at least of the many polyps of the large intestine will ultimately become malignant if not removed. In the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, on the other hand, the polyps in either small or large intestine rarely become carcinomatous, and no reports have been found of metastasis or death from such malignancy. It is established that there is a familial association, perhaps a genetic relationship, of multiple polyposis with desmoid tumors, epidermoid cysts, and exostoses or osteomas. These concomitant abnormalities, if recognized, may aid in diagnosis and treatment of familial multiple polyposis.
Locality, modularity, and computational neural networks
Authors: Horst Bischof
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

There is a distinction between locality and modularity. These two terms have often been used interchangeably in the target article and commentary. Using this distinction we argue in favor of a “weak” modularity. In addition we also argue that both PDP-type networks and box-and-arrow models have their own strengths and pitfalls.
Circulating Microparticles from Patients with Septic Shock Exert Protective Role in Vascular Function
Authors: Hadj Ahmed Mostefai, Ferhat Meziani, Maria Letizia Mastronardi, Abdelali Agouni, Christophe Heymes, Cyrille Sargentini, Pierre Asfar, Maria Carmen Martinez, Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Sepsis is an archetypal condition with molecular links between inflammation and coagulation. Both events can be orchestrated by the interaction between circulating and vascular cells that under activation release microparticles.We characterized circulating microparticles from both nonseptic subjects and patients with septic shock and evaluated their contribution to vascular function.Circulating microparticles and their cell origin were measured in blood from 36 patients with septic shock and 18 nonseptic subjects by flow cytometry. Microparticles were then injected intravenously into mice and vascular reactivity was assessed in aorta. Expression and activity of enzymes involved in nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase metabolite production were analyzed.Circulating levels of microparticles and platelet- and endothelial-derived microparticles were increased in septic patients. Surprisingly, septic microparticles enhanced the sensitivity of contraction of mouse aorta in response to serotonin. Interestingly, septic microparticles enhanced the contraction of aorta from lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. This effect was linked neither to increased calcium entry nor to Rho kinase inhibitor-sensitive mechanisms. In addition, the effect of septic microparticles was not modified either by NO-synthase or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and was not associated with NO or O2- overproduction. The nonselective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor indomethacin reduced, and the specific thromboxane A2 antagonist SQ-29548 abolished, aortic contraction in mice treated with nonseptic and septic microparticles. The effect of septic microparticles was associated with increased thromboxane A2 production, and was sensitive to a selective thromboxane A2 antagonist.We provide evidence that increased circulating microparticles are protective against vascular hyporeactivity accounting for hypotension in patients with septic shock.
P41 The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) used to evaluate outcome in pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Q. Jones, D. Eyre, J. Young, E. Tucker, J. Riley, M. Hardinge
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Outcomes in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) can be evaluated using exercise performance tests and health status measures such as the St George′s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS). The SGRQ and HADS are timing consuming and difficult to analyse and may dissuade patients from attending. The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is a shorter, simpler questionnaire for assessment and monitoring of health status in COPD. Scores range from 0 to 40. A high score indicates poor health status. CAT score correlates with SGRQ (r&gt;0.8)1. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine if the CAT score could replace existing measures of health status in the evaluation of pulmonary rehabilitation. <h3>Method</h3> 70 patients underwent standard PR in community and hospital based programs. 45 were men and 25 were women. The mean age was 69. The vast majority of patients attending had COPD, confirmed by spirometry and clinical assessment. They had MRC score of 3 or more. All patients completed CAT, SGRQ questionnaires and did a modified shuttle walk test (MSWT) at the beginning and end of the program. <h3>Results</h3> After PR mean SGRQ score reduced by 5.54 (CI: 2.6 to 8.4, p &lt;0.001). CAT score reduced by 2.08 (CI: 0.8 to 3.3, p=0.001). MSWT distance increased by 75.7 metres (CI: 55.7 to 95.8, p&lt;0.001). Anxiety and depression scores reduced by 1.64 (CI: 0.6 to 2.6, p= 0.002) and 1.02 (CI: 0.17 to 1.88, p= 0.02) respectively. At baseline, the CAT score correlated moderately with SGRQ (r=0.48), shuttle walk (r=0.47), and HADS (r=0.43). The change in CAT before and after PR correlated weakly (r=0.38 p=0.001) with the change in SGRQ, and MSWT (r=0.45 p&lt;0.001), and not significantly with change in HADS (r=0.28 p=0.059). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Jones et al. have evaluated the CAT in pulmonary rehabilitation.2 Their study reported an improvement in CAT of 2.2. At baseline, CAT correlated well with CRQ (Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire) domain scores. Change in CAT correlated with change in CRQ domain scores. Our study confirms CAT score can detect improvement in health status after PR. However, the lack of stong correlation with SGRQ &amp; HADS suggests CAT should not be assumed to be equivalent in the evaluation of PR.
Correlation of variations in intraluminal pressure and potential differences in the perfused colen.
Authors: J G Postaire, J Gerard, G Devroede, N Van Houtte
Journal: Gut (1977)

To investigate the nature of variations in the large intestine potential differences, a continuous perfusion of isotonic saline was carried out in the colon of 14 rats. Intraluminal pressure and potential differences between the lumen and the peritoneal cavity were continuously and simultaneously recorded, while impedance of the system and respiration were also constantly monitored. To obtain a quantitative evaluation of the data, Fast Fouier Transform was performed on the signals and their derivatives which were auto- and cross-correlated. While there was no obvious relation between pressure and potential in the unperfused colon, there was clear visual qualirative evidence that, during steady state conditions of perfusion, an increase in intraluminal pressure was accompanied by a decrease in potential differences, while impedance of the recording system remained unchanged. Computer analysis disclosed four narrow ranges of stable frequencies for both pressure and potential. They were centred around 0-3, 1-75, 10-7, and 75 cycles per minute, the latter being synchronous with respiration. It is concluded that the variations of potential differences recorded during perfusion, a well-know phenomenon, are not electrical artefacts: the fast rhythm is probably induced by respiration, which increases intracolonic pressure and that, in turn, reduces the absolute value of potential differences, which remain negative mucosa versus serosa. The slower rhythms are synchronous for pressure and potential. Mechanisms responsible for the decrease in potential related to the increase in pressure remain unknown.
Intramural Gastric Lesion With Sudden Abdominal Pain
Authors: Dean H. Mahoney
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>History</h3> A 22-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a history of sudden onset of severe, unrelenting epigastric pain associated with nausea and vomiting of eight hours' duration. Hematemesis, melena, and changes in bowel habits were all denied. He had had no previous abdominal complaints and gave no history of trauma. Physical examination disclosed diffuse upper abdominal tenderness with a questionable epigastric mass. One piece of information is being withheld. An upper gastrointestinal series was performed (Fig 1). <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Intramural gastric hematoma in a hemophiliac. <h3>Comment</h3> The roentgenogram (Fig 1) shows a 12X6-cm mass projecting into the lumen of the stomach from the greater curvature. The surface of the mass appears slightly irregular, and its junction with the greater curvature is not sharp but slightly undercut. The clinical information withheld was that the patient was a known hemophiliac who had had previous hemarthroses and one episode of retroperitoneal bleeding.
The Staccato Syndrome: A New Clinical Entity in Search of Recognition
Authors: LEON TEC
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The author has observed a new clinical entity, the "Staccato syndrome," in connection with teen-age drug abuse. The symptoms resemble schizophrenia except that relationships with peers are maintained. The syndrome is characterized by abrupt staccato behavior and a disconnected and discontinuous affect. A combination of highly structured, reality-oriented psychotherapy and proper medication is effective in treating this syndrome.
Multipotent adult progenitor cells can suppress graft-versus-host disease via prostaglandin E2 synthesis and only if localized to sites of allopriming
Authors: Steven L. Highfill, Ryan M. Kelly, Matthew J. O'Shaughnessy, Qing Zhou, Lily Xia, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Patricia A. Taylor, Jakub Tolar, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Blood (2009)
Utility of Childhood Glucose Homeostasis Variables in Predicting Adult Diabetes and Related Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Quoc Manh Nguyen, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Ji-Hua Xu, Wei Chen, Lyn Kieltyka, Gerald S. Berenson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE This study examines the usefulness of childhood glucose homeostasis variables (glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance index [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance {HOMA-IR}]) in predicting pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes and related cardiometabolic risk factors in adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study consisted of normoglycemic (n = 1,058), pre-diabetic (n = 37), and type 2 diabetic (n = 25) adults aged 19–39 years who were followed on average for 17 years since childhood. RESULTS At least 50% of the individuals who ranked highest (top quintile) in childhood for glucose homeostasis variables maintained their high rank by being above the 60th percentile in adulthood. In a multivariate model, the best predictors of adulthood glucose homeostasis variables were the change in BMI Z score from childhood to adulthood and childhood BMI Z score, followed by the corresponding childhood levels of glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Further, children in the top decile versus the rest for insulin and HOMA-IR were 2.85 and 2.55 times, respectively, more likely to develop pre-diabetes; children in the top decile versus the rest for glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR were 3.28, 5.54, and 5.84 times, respectively, more likely to develop diabetes, independent of change in BMI Z score, baseline BMI Z score, and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio. In addition, children with adverse levels (top quintile versus the rest) of glucose homeostasis variables displayed significantly higher prevalences of, among others, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Adverse levels of glucose homeostasis variables in childhood not only persist into adulthood but also predict adult pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes and relate to cardiometabolic risk factors.
Evaluation of the role of secretory sphingomyelinase and bioactive sphingolipids as biomarkers in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Russell W. Jenkins, Christopher J. Clarke, John Thomas Lucas, Munira Shabbir, Bill X. Wu, Fabio Simbari, Joan Mueller, Yusuf A. Hannun, John Lazarchick, Keisuke Shirai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare systemic inflammatory syndrome that results from unrestrained immune cell activation. Despite significant advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of HLH, interventions remain limited for this often-fatal condition. Secretory sphingomyelinase (S-SMase) is a pro-inflammatory lipid hydrolase that is upregulated in several inflammatory conditions, including HLH. S-SMase promotes the formation of ceramide, a bioactive lipid implicated in several human disease states. However, the role of the S-SMase/ceramide pathway in HLH remains unexplored. To further evaluate the role of S-SMase upregulation in HLH, we tested the serum of patients with HLH (n = 16; primary = 3, secondary = 13) and healthy control patients (n = 25) for serum S-SMase activity with tandem sphingolipid metabolomic profiling. Patients with HLH exhibited elevated levels of serum S-SMase activity, with concomitant elevations in several ceramide species and sphingosine, while levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate were significantly decreased. Importantly, the ratio of C16 -ceramide:sphingosine was uniquely elevated in HLH patients that died despite appropriate treatment, but remained low in HLH patients that survived, suggesting that this ratio may be of prognostic significance. Together, these results demonstrate upregulation of the S-SMase/ceramide pathway in HLH, and suggest that the balance of ceramide and sphingosine determine clinical outcomes in HLH. .
Quantitative Hemodynamic Effects of Heart Rate in Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: TERRANCE P. JUDGE, J. W. KENNEDY, LOWELL J. BENNETT, ROBERT E. WILLS, JOHN A. MURRAY, JOHN R. BLACKMON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The hemodynamic effect of varying heart rate was studied in eight patients with aortic regurgitation. At the subjects' resting sinus rhythm and at a higher heart rate induced with right atrial pacing, left ventricular and aortic pressures and Fick cardiac outputs (FCO) were measured, and left ventricular biplane angiocardiograms were performed. Left ventricular volumes and left ventricular minute flow (LVMF) were determined from the angiograms. Regurgitant flow was quantitated by subtracting the FCO from LVMF. Increased heart rate produced highly significant reductions in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and stroke volume. End-diastolic circumferential stress (EDCS) and end-diastolic load (EDL) were abnormally high at resting sinus rhythm and were markedly decreased with increased heart rate. FCO increased, but no significant changes were observed in either the LVMF or the regurgitant flow per minute. Bradycardia in aortic regurgitation may cause pulmonary congestion secondary to high LVEDP and may accelerate left ventricular dilatation secondary to markedly elevated EDCS and EDL. The possible benefits of preventing bradycardia in aortic regurgitation by chronic demand pacing is currently being tested.
Lumping Versus Splitting: The Splitters Take This Round
Authors: Craig A. Bunnell, Eric P. Winer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Article Tools EDITORIALS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2002.06.157 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12202656 Lumping Versus Splitting: The Splitters Take This Round Craig A. BunnellxCraig A. BunnellSearch for articles by this author , Eric P. WinerxEric P. WinerSearch for articles by this author Show More Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2002.06.157 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Lumping Versus Splitting: The Splitters Take This Round." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20(17), pp. 3576–3577© 2002 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Frequent Aberrant Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangements in Pro-B Cells Revealed by a bcl-x Transgene
Authors: Wei Fang, Daniel L Mueller, Christopher A Pennell, James J Rivard, Yue-Sheng Li, Richard R Hardy, Mark S Schlissel, Timothy W Behrens
Journal: Immunity (1996)

During B lymphocyte development, pro-B cells that fail to rearrange an immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) chain allele productively are thought to undergo developmental arrest and death, but because these cells are short-lived in vivo they are not well characterized. Transgenic mice expressing the apoptosis regulatory gene bcl-xL in the B lineage developed large expansions of pro-B cells in bone marrow. V(D)J rearrangements in the expanded population were nearly all nonproductive, and DJH rearrangements were enriched for joints in DH reading frame 2 and for aberrant joints with extensive DH or JH deletions. Thus, the death of pro-B cells with failed immunoglobulin rearrangements occurs by apoptosis, and bcl-xL can deliver a strong survival signal at the pro-B stage. This analysis also demonstrates that immunoglobulin gene rearrangement is less precise than previously appreciated.
Breast Cancer in Poor Countries
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interactive Ambulatory Medicine (with Stedman's Medical Dictionary and Drug Information Handbook)
Authors: Kauko I. Jantunen
Journal: JAMA (1997)

As a generalist I am constantly looking for CD-ROM programs that could provide immediate and comprehensive information on a patient sitting in the examining room. However, one does not usually have time to change disks among different specialties, and few of us have multiple disk changers. The CD-ROM Interactive Ambulatory Medicine approaches the ideal: it contains a textbook, a drug information database, and, as a bonus, a medical dictionary.  Installing the program is easy and straightforward. However, some finetuning is lacking, eg, a window positioned off center, causing slight temporary problems. The manual is only 13 pages, but with some knowledge of computers, without consulting the manual, one can start using the program by trial and error and be up and running within a few minutes. For added features, which many of us may seldom need, there is a detailed manual in the disk. A simple word or phrase
Integrin VLA‐6 (α6β1) mediates adhesion of mouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells to laminin
Authors: C. Fehlner‐Gardiner, S. Uniyal, C. van Ballestrem, G. J. Dougherty, B. M. C. Chan
Journal: Allergy (1996)

The development of mast cells from bone marrow precursors and their function as the mucosal‐ or connective‐tissue‐type mast cell are critically dependent on microenvironmental factors. Extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, fibronectin, and laminin, may represent insoluble components of the microcnvironment. Recent studies have describcd multiple isoforms of laminin isolated from different tissues. In the present study, adhesion of mouse bone marrow‐derived mast cells (BMMC) and long‐term mast cell lines to Engclbreth‐Holm‐Swarm (EHS) tumor laminin, rat laminin. human merosin, and human placental laminin was compared. The greatest level of adhesion was found with human laminin as the substrate. By use of a newly prepared mouse VLA‐α6 integrin‐specific mAb (MA6) together with the previously described mAb GoH3, VLA‐6 (α6β1) integrin was found to be expressed and utilized by BMMC and long‐term mast cell lines. VLA‐6 has been described as a major laminin receptor with roles in diverse cell functions including cell growth and differentiation. BMMC have been shown to express a 32/67‐kDa laminin receptor. Therefore, in addition to the 32/67‐kDa laminin receptor described in early studies, BMMC also express VLA‐6 integrin, which may have roles in the regulation of their development.
Empirical evaluation of mental time travel
Authors: Caroline Raby, Dean Alexis, Anthony Dickinson, Nicola Clayton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Although the mental time travel (MTT) hypothesis provides a rich, conceptual framework, the absence of clear, empirically tractable, behavioural criteria for determining the capacity for MTT restricts its usefulness in comparative research. Examples of empirical criteria for evaluating MTT in animals are given. We also question the authors' evaluation of semantic foresight and their even-handedness in assessing human and nonhuman behaviour.
Thyroid Uptake of Radioactive Iodine in Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Philip L. Hooper
Journal: JAMA (1977)

We compared the 24-hour uptake of radioactive iodine (RAIU) in hyperthyroid patients diagnosed from 1970 to 1972 (Group A) and from 1975 to 1976 (Group B). Mean RAIU values in Group B decreased from those in Group A. In 1969 we lowered the normal range for the RAIU test to 0% to 24%, and used the new range for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in both groups of patients. The RAIU in Group B is within normal limits in 14% of the patients with Graves' disease and 80% of the patients with toxic nodular goiter (TNG). This study demonstrates that in our geographic area, the 24-hour RAIU has become a poor test for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, particularly TNG. However, the test should be performed before radioactive iodine therapy because it is necessary in calculating the therapeutic dose.
Wings for Wounded Warriors
Authors: Harold F. Funsch
Journal: JAMA (1967)

For the first time in history, an American casualty can be moved 8,000 miles—from the battle front to a definitive care hospital in the United States—in as little as 72 hours or less. Modern US Air Force jets need only 201/2 of those hours for the flight from Tan Son Nhut to Andrews Air Force Base, near Washington, DC. From Clark Air Base in the Philippines—where many casualties receive intensive short-term care—it is only 13 hours to the US west coast.  Aeromedical flights are not limited to patients from the war in Vietnam, however. The US Air Force controls a world-wide network of aeromedical activities. Operation of that network presents some complex situations. Medical personnel must be specially trained and then positioned at the right place at the right time. Statistics on casualties and indigenous diseases help military planners decide the when and where of assignments, but the system's success
Treatment of Nasal Polyposis with Oral Methylprednisolone: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial with Evaluation of Clinical and Biological Activity
Authors: T VANZELE, P GEVAERT, G HOLTAPPELS, B ACHIM, P WORMALD, S MAYR, G HENS, P HELLINGS, F EBBENS, W FOKKENS
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)