tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sign of Leser-Trélat in Newly Diagnosed Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Akash Nanda, Harvey J. Mamon, Charles S. Fuchs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

An 82-year-old man was in his usual state of health when henoticed the rapid appearance of seborrheic keratoses along his shoul-ders and back. Around this time, he also started to experience wors-ening nausea, constipation, dysphagia, and a 10-pound weight loss.He was evaluated with endoscopy, which revealed a large ulceratedmass along the lesser curvature of the stomach with some oozing.Biopsieswereperformedandpathologyshowedpoorly-differentiatedadenocarcinoma, signet-ring–cell type, arising in a background ofgastritis with intestinal metaplasia. Carcinoembryonic antigen wasmeasured at 1.3 ng/mL. Further work-up including a computed to-mography of the abdomen/pelvis demonstrated diffuse thickening ofthe distal stomach along with a subcentimeter hypervascular lesion inthe liver thought to represent a hemangioma. Also appreciated wassoft tissue nodularity within the gastrohepatic and gastrocolic liga-mentsandomentum.Onphysicalexam,thepatientwasnotedtohaveextensive seborrheic keratoses along his back consistent with the signof Leser-Tre´lat (LT; Fig 1). The patient underwent an exploratorylaparotomy. Intraoperatively, a large mass within the lesser curvatureof the stomach could be visualized along with adenopathy within thegastrohepaticligament.Alsonotedwerenoduleswithintheperitonealsurfaces, diaphragm, omentum, and liver. These were biopsied, andfrozen sectioning revealed metastatic carcinoma. Given the presenceof advanced disease, the patient’s tumor was deemed unresectable,and it was decided to proceed with a palliative feeding jejunostomy.This was then followed with palliative chemotherapy.LT is a rare, paraneoplastic condition characterized by the sud-den eruption of multiple seborrheic keratoses often associated withinternal malignancies. The term arises from two European surgeons,Edmund Leser and Ulysse Tre´lat, who initially and independentlycharacterized cutaneous manifestations of internal cancers in the1890s.
Precautionary Statements on Packaged Foods in Canada: Perspectives and Purchasing Behaviours of Allergic and Non-Allergic Consumers
Authors: D.W. Harrington, M. Ben-Shoshan, S. Sheth, S.B. Godefroy, J. Fragapane, L. Soller, M.H. Allen, M. Allen, C. Dufresne, L. Harada
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Value of Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Number and Size as Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Apparently Healthy Men and Women
Authors: Karim El Harchaoui, Wim A. van der Steeg, Erik S.G. Stroes, Jan Albert Kuivenhoven, James D. Otvos, Nicholas J. Wareham, Barbara A. Hutten, John J.P. Kastelein, Kay-Tee Khaw, S. Matthijs Boekholdt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Phase II Trial of Celecoxib in Prostate-Specific Antigen Recurrent Prostate Cancer after Definitive Radiation Therapy or Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Raj S. Pruthi, J. Eric Derksen, Dominic Moore, Culley C. Carson, Gayle Grigson, Cathy Watkins, Eric Wallen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Objectives: Recent evidence has shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have potent antitumor activity in prostate cancer both in vitro and in vivo. However, human trials are absent. This study evaluated the efficacy of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy (X-ray therapy or XRT) or radical prostatectomy. Methods: Forty patients who had biochemical relapse after XRT or radical prostatectomy were treated with celecoxib 400 mg twice per day. Follow-up PSA levels were obtained at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months and subsequently every 6 months thereafter. Data were evaluated by calculating PSA doubling times and by calculating the slope of the curve of log(PSA) versus time to assess rate of PSA increase before and after celecoxib treatment for each patient. Results: Thirty-six of 40 (90%) patients had a slowing effect on their rate of PSA after 3 months, including 11 of 40 with a decline and 8 of 40 with stabilization of PSA. Short-term responses at 3 months continued at 6, 12, 18 months. Comparison of rate of PSA increase before versus after celecoxib treatment showed significant flattening of slope of log(PSA) versus time from pretreatment for each of the time points. There was no significant change in testosterone levels, suggesting an androgen-independent mechanism. Conclusions: COX-2 inhibitors may have an effect on serum PSA levels in patients with biochemical progression after XRT or radical prostatectomy. These results suggest that COX-2 inhibitors may help delay or prevent disease progression in these patients and thereby help extend the time until androgen deprivation therapy.
Maintenance of viral suppression in HIV-1–infected HLA-B*57+ elite suppressors despite CTL escape mutations
Authors: Justin R. Bailey, Thomas M. Williams, Robert F. Siliciano, Joel N. Blankson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Rare human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected individuals, termed elite suppressors (ES), maintain plasma virus levels of <50 copies/ml and normal CD4 counts without therapy. The major histocompatibility complex class I allele group human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*57 is overrepresented in this population. Mutations in HLA-B*57-restricted epitopes have been observed in ES, but their significance has remained unclear. Here we investigate the extent and impact of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutations in HLA-B*57+ ES. We provide the first direct evidence that most ES experience chronic low level viremia. Sequencing revealed a striking discordance between the genotypes of plasma virus and archived provirus in resting CD4+ T cells. Mutations in HLA-B*57-restricted Gag epitopes were present in all viruses from plasma but were rare in proviruses, suggesting powerful selective pressure acting at these epitopes. Surprisingly, strong CD8+ T cell interferon-gamma responses were detected against some mutant epitopes found in plasma virus, suggesting the development of de novo responses to viral variants. In some individuals, relative CD8+ T cell interleukin-2 responses showed better correlation with the selection observed in vivo. Thus, analysis of low level viremia reveals an unexpectedly high level of CTL escape mutations reflecting selective pressure acting at HLA-B*57-restricted epitopes in ES. Continued viral suppression probably reflects CTL responses against unmutated epitopes and residual or de novo responses against epitopes with escape mutations.
Effects of Increased Therapist Commitment on Emergency Psychiatric Evaluations
Authors: ALFRED E. WEISZ, PETER S. HOUTS, DONALD C. STRAIGHT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The authors conducted a study on 199 emergency walk-in patients, 98 of whom were given a one-month follow-up interview and free medication samples by first-year resident. This manipulation increased the therapists' optimism about prognosis, the number of interviews beyond the emergency evaluation, and the likelihood that the resident who first saw the patient on the emergency service would invite the patient into treatment.
Breast-feeding in Infancy and the Prevalence of Allergic Diseases in Schoolchildren-Does Reverse Causation Matter?
Authors: T. Kusunoki, T. Morimoto, T. Yasumi, R. Nishikomori, T. Heike, K. Mukaida, T. Fujii, T. Nakahata
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Effects of sleep disruption on cognitive performance and mood in medical house officers.
Authors: I J Deary, R Tait
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Twelve medical house officers were tested on a battery of memory, concentration, and work related tasks after three conditions: a night spent off duty; a night spent on call; and a night spent admitting emergency cases. Short term recall, but not digit span, concentration, or work related abilities, was impaired after a night of emergency admissions. A night spent on call had no effect on cognitive performance. Self reported mood scores showed that house officers were more deactivated (indicating a lack of vigour and drive) after nights of emergency admissions but not after nights on call. Significant between subject differences were found for five of the eight cognitive tests. Though loss of sleep and long hours of work have an effect on memory and mood, the individual differences among doctors are the main source of the variance in performance of tasks.
Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Bladder Cancer in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: L. Djousse, A. Schatzkin, L. B. Chibnik, R. B. D'Agostino, B. E. Kreger, R. C. Ellison
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

The association between alcohol consumption and bladder cancer is controversial. We used data from 10 125 participants in the Framingham Heart Study to assess the association between total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption and the risk of bladder cancer. For each case of bladder cancer, up to five control subjects were selected and matched on major confounders using a risk set method. We used conditional logistic regression to assess the risk of bladder cancer according to categories of alcohol consumption. During a mean follow-up of 27.3 ± 10.1 years, there were 126 incident cases of bladder cancer. There was no statistically significant association between alcohol consumption and risk of bladder cancer ( Ptrend = .3). In beverage-specific analyses, beer consumption was associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer ( Ptrend = .03), whereas wine ( Ptrend = .7) and spirit ( Ptrend = .2) consumption were not. Our data suggest that total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption are not associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer.
Duration of First Off-Treatment Interval Is Prognostic for Time to Castration Resistance and Death in Men With Biochemical Relapse of Prostate Cancer Treated on a Prospective Trial of Intermittent Androgen Deprivation
Authors: Evan Y. Yu, Roman Gulati, Donatello Telesca, Peter Jiang, Stephen Tam, Kenneth J. Russell, Peter S. Nelson, Ruth D. Etzioni, Celestia S. Higano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Purpose This was an exploratory analysis of a trial of intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) in men with biochemical relapse (BR) to establish first cycle characteristics prognostic for progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and death. Patients and Methods Men with BR of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation (RT) were treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) comprised of leuprolide and flutamide. After 9 months on treatment, ADT was stopped, and monthly prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were observed during the off-treatment interval. When the PSA reached a threshold value (1 ng/mL for RP, 4 ng/mL for RT), ADT was resumed in a new cycle. Patients were treated intermittently in this manner until CRPC, which was defined as ≥ two consecutive increasing PSA values while on ADT with castrate testosterone levels. Results Seventy-two of 100 patients enrolled onto the study met criteria for this analysis. The duration of the first off-treatment interval (≤ v &gt; 40 weeks) was associated with shorter time to CRPC (hazard ratio = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 7.7; P = .03) and death (hazard ratio = 3.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 13.6; P = .04) after adjusting for age, stage, grade, and PSA at diagnosis. Conclusion In patients who completed the first cycle of IAD, a duration of the first off-treatment interval of ≤ 40 weeks defines a subset of patients at higher risk of CRPC and death. Conversely, patients with an off-treatment interval of more than 40 weeks have a significantly better long-term prognosis.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ANTIGENIC SPECIFICITY IN DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Valerie E. Jones, Sidney Leskowitz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Injections of various conjugates of arsanilic acid into newborn guinea pigs produced a specific tolerance in respect to subsequent development of hapten-specific delayed hypersensitivity. In general, larger polyvalent conjugates produced longer lasting and more profound suppression of delayed sensitivity than did the smaller ones. Carrier injections alone were ineffective. At lower doses of conjugate, breakthrough of tolerance occurred first with animals immunized with the heterologous carrier conjugate. The duration of tolerance produced by injection of monovalent conjugates into neonates is in contrast to the transient inhibition produced by the same conjugates in previously sensitized animals, suggesting that different target cells may be involved in these two phenomena.
Pooled Analysis of the Effect of Age on Adjuvant Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy for Completely Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Martin Früh, Estelle Rolland, Jean-Pierre Pignon, Lesley Seymour, Keyue Ding, Hélène Tribodet, Timothy Winton, Thierry Le Chevalier, Giorgio V. Scagliotti, Jean Yves Douillard, Stephen Spiro, Frances A. Shepherd
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose This pooled analysis was undertaken to assess the efficacy and toxicity of adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy in elderly patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We used individual patient data from 4,584 patients enrolled onto five trials of cisplatin-based chemotherapy who form the basis for the Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Analysis (LACE) pooled analysis. Patient and treatment characteristics, overall and event-free survival, cause-specific mortality, chemotherapy toxicity and delivery were compared among three age groups: 3,269 young (71%; &lt; 65), 901 midcategory (20%; 65 to 69), and 414 elderly patients (9%; ≥ 70). Log-rank tests stratified by trials were used with a test for trend to study the effect of chemotherapy on survival according to age. Results The hazard ratio (HR) of death for the young patients was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.94), 1.01 for the midcategory (95% CI, 0.85 to 1.21), and 0.90 for elderly patients (95% CI, 0.70 to 1.16; test for trend: P = .29). The HR for event-free survival was 0.82 for young (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.90), 0.90 for the midcategory (95% CI, 0.76 to 1.06), and 0.87 for elderly patients (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.11; test for trend: P = .42). More elderly patients died from non–lung cancer–related causes (12% young, 19% midcategory, 22% elderly; P &lt; .0001). No differences in severe toxicity rates were observed. Elderly patients received significantly lower first and total cisplatin doses, and fewer chemotherapy cycles (χ 2 P &lt; .0001). Conclusion Adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy should not be withheld from elderly patients with NSCLC purely on the basis of age.
Imatinib mesilate inhibits melanogenesis <i>in vitro</i>
Authors: M. Cario-André, L. Ardilouze, C. Pain, Y. Gauthier, F-X. Mahon, A. Taieb
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Imatinib mesilate inhibits melanogenesis in vitro Get access M. Cario‐André, M. Cario‐André INSERM E217, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, FranceUniversity V. Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France E‐mail: muriel.cario‐andre@dermatol.u‐bordeaux2.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Ardilouze, L. Ardilouze INSERM E217, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, FranceUniversity V. Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Pain, C. Pain INSERM E217, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, FranceUniversity V. Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Gauthier, Y. Gauthier Department of Dermatology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F‐X. Mahon, F‐X. Mahon INSERM E217, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, FranceUniversity V. Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Taieb A. Taieb INSERM E217, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, FranceUniversity V. Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, FranceDepartment of Dermatology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 2, 1 August 2006, Pages 493–494, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07359.x Published: 01 August 2006
Isolated HLA-B27 cross reactive group (CREG) associated Achilles tendinitis.
Authors: J M Nolla Sole, X Juanola Roura, J Valverde Garcia, D Roig Escofet
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

CorrespondenceHLA antigens in ankylosing spondylitis with peripheral arthritis SIR, We were much interested in the article by Sanmarti et al on HLA studies involving patients with ankylosing spondylitis and peripheral arthritis reported in the Annals.' We noted some parallels with our own findings of an HLA-DR7 association with peripheral arthritis in a similar population.'Especially noteworthy was the use of an HLA-B27 control population in both studies, an essential step in this instance because of the strong negative linkage disequilibrium between HLA-DR7 and HLA-B27.In Sanmarti's study the HLA-DR7 association was limited to children with an erosive peripheral arthritis in addition to ankylosing spondilitis.Although we did not ascertain the extent of erosive disease in all our patients, they were biased towards those with more severe disease and hence were also likely to be erosive.The inclusion of patients that had already had joint replacement helps support this conclusion.Another similarity was the occur- rence of patients with childhood onset disease in both studies.Five of 25 patients from Spain had an onset below the age of 17, whereas none of the group with ankylosing spondylitis only did so, though the mean age of both groups was approximately the same.In neither study is it possible to separate the earlier age of onset from the presence of peripheral arthritis so that HLA-DR7 may well act as a gene determining severity of disease and thus explain both sets of observations.
Anatomic Site, Sun Exposure, and Risk of Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: David C. Whiteman, Mark Stickley, Peter Watt, Maria Celia Hughes, Marcia B. Davis, Adèle C. Green
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose Sunlight is the principal environmental risk factor for cutaneous melanoma. A current hypothesis postulates that the role of sunlight in causing melanoma differs according to anatomic site. We tested this hypothesis in a population-based case-case comparative study of melanoma patients. Methods Patients were sampled from the Queensland cancer registry in three groups: superficial spreading or nodular melanomas of the trunk (n = 154), of the head and neck (HN; n = 76), and lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM; for both LM and LMM, n = 76). Data were collected on school-age sun exposure and occupational and recreational sun exposure in adulthood. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs were calculated using polytomous logistic regression. Results HN melanoma patients were substantially more likely than trunk patients to have higher levels of sun exposure in adulthood (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 0.98 to 5.99) and specifically, higher levels of occupational exposure (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.32 to 8.00), but lower levels of recreational sun exposure (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.21 to 1.19). LM and LMM patients reported higher occupational exposure and lower recreational sun exposure than trunk melanoma patients, although this was not significant. We found no significant differences between the groups for school-age sun exposures. Conclusion Melanomas developing at different body sites are associated with distinct patterns of sun exposure. Melanomas of the head and neck are associated with chronic patterns of sun exposure whereas trunk melanomas are associated with intermittent patterns of sun exposure, supporting the hypothesis that melanomas may arise through divergent causal pathways.
Predicting therapeutic outcome in severe ulcerative colitis by measuring in vitro steroid sensitivity of proliferating peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: S D Hearing, M Norman, C S J Probert, N Haslam, C M Dayan
Journal: Gut (1999)

BACKGROUND Up to 29% of patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC) fail to respond to steroid treatment and require surgery. Previous studies have failed to show a clear correlation between failure of steroid treatment in severe UC and measures of disease severity. The reasons for treatment failure therefore remain unknown. AIM To investigate the hypothesis that patients with severe UC who fail to respond to steroid treatment have steroid resistant T lymphocytes. METHODS Eighteen patients with severe UC were studied. After seven days’ treatment with high dose intravenous steroids they were classified as complete responders (CR), incomplete responders (IR), or treatment failures (TF). Within 48 hours of admission blood was taken and the antiproliferative effect of dexamethasone on phytohaemagglutinin stimulated peripheral blood T lymphocytes was measured. Maximum dexamethasone induced inhibition of proliferation (I max ) was measured. RESULTS In vitro T lymphocyte steroid sensitivity of TF and IR patients was significantly less than that of CR patients. Both TF and 3/5 IR patients had an I max of less than 60%; all CR patients had an I max of greater than 60%. No significant correlation was seen between response to treatment and disease severity on admission. When in vitro T lymphocyte steroid sensitivity was remeasured three months later, there was no difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that T lymphocyte steroid resistance is an important factor in determining response to steroid treatment in patients with severe UC and may be more predictive of outcome than disease severity.
Ministers may legislate after finding 85% of labels on alcohol to be inadequate
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Platinum-based drugs are a mainstay of cancer chemotherapy. However, their mutagenic effect can increase tumour heterogeneity, contribute to the evolution of treatment resistance, and also induce secondary malignancies. We coupled whole genome sequencing with phenotypic investigations on two cell line models to compare the magnitude and understand the mechanism of mutagenicity of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin induced significantly more base substitution mutations than carboplatin or oxaliplatin when used at equitoxic concentrations on human TK6 or chicken DT40 cells, and also induced the highest number of short insertions and deletions. Assessment through histone H2AX phosphorylation and single cell agarose gel electrophoresis suggested that cisplatin caused more DNA damage than carboplatin or oxaliplatin. The analysis of base substitution spectra revealed that all three tested platinum drugs elicit both a direct mutagenic effect at purine dinucleotides, and an indirect effect of accelerating endogenous mutagenic processes. Whereas the direct mutagenic effect correlated with the level of DNA damage caused, the indirect mutagenic effects were equal. The different mutagenicity and DNA damaging effect of equitoxic platinum drug treatments suggests that DNA damage independent mechanisms significantly contribute to their cytotoxicity. Thus, the comparatively high mutagenicity of cisplatin should be taken into account in the design of chemotherapeutic regimens.