tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-172 A National Biofeedback Practitioners Service Evaluation
Authors: KJ Etherson, E Horrocks, M Scott, CH Knowles, Y Yiannakou
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Within the UK, there is anecdotal evidence of disparity in the training, practice, supervision, and perception of efficacy amongst practitioners of biofeedback therapy for chronic constipation. <h3>Methods</h3> Between October 2012 and October 2013, a prospective service evaluation was distributed to biofeedback practitioners in the UK through academic conferences or by invitation to complete an online assessment form. <h3>Results</h3> 76 practitioners responded, consisting of nurses (47%), physiotherapists (35%), physiologists (12%) and others (7%). Only 45% described ‘biofeedback’ consistent with an accepted definition. 86% use equipment to provide sensory feedback. Methods of biofeedback varied: balloon catheter (54%), brace pump technique (78%), urge resistance (83%), irrigation (16%), and relaxation (12%). Only 65% of practitioners had attended formal training courses, and 52% considered themselves to be self-tau, UKght. 36% receive formal supervision and only 38% of those by a senior. Regular audit of outcomes is undertaken by 67%. UK-wide perception of treatment response for chronic constipation is markedly variable (mean response = 57% [IQR: 50–75%, SD 23%]); there were no differences in perception of treatment response between nurses or physiotherapists. Practitioners’ free responses demonstrated strong positive themes of a holistic approach and an overall perception of effectiveness. Negative themes included service restrictions. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is marked variation in practice, training, and supervision of biofeedback therapists throughout the UK. Perceptions of efficacy vary greatly. Development of training and supervision standards is a priority as well as consensus to standardise therapy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Preparing Students With Diabetes for Life at College
Authors: David C. Mellinger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Editor’s comment: Although few student health physicians at colleges probably read Diabetes Care , many of our readers care for the type 1 diabetic adolescent who matriculates into college. These practical words of wisdom from a physician who cares for these students during their college tenure should prove helpful while we counsel our young patients for their next (diabetes) challenges. 

Each fall, ∼2.3 million freshmen enroll in institutes of higher education in the U.S. (1). Of these, ∼7,700 will have type 1 diabetes, based on an estimated prevalence rate of 1 of every 300 (2). As with all chronic illnesses, ongoing issues will certainly arise during the time of their enrollment, so providers need to be able to respond to some of the unique health care and educational needs of students affected by diabetes. This article will provide an overview of some of the situations that students face as they adjust to life at college. To help organize the material, the content that follows is broken down into things to do before matriculation, items to consider once on campus, and some ongoing issues regarding diabetes care while at college.

Ideally, students with diabetes should meet with their primary care provider or endocrinologist before matriculating at an institute of higher education. Such a meeting enables the clinician to review all aspects of the student’s medical care (3) and to educate the student about some issues that they may not have already considered. Before leaving the prematriculation visit, the student should have a clear understanding of what relationship they will maintain with their home clinician’s office and should ask for copies of their medical records to take with them. Ideally, the student and the clinician should contact the college’s health facility to set up an introductory appointment for the student once they …
Cytologic Specificity of Response to Moloney Murine Sarcoma Virus as Evident in a Transplantable Epithelioid Neoplasm of the Rat
Authors: Mearl F. Stanton, Robert C. Ting, Eliza Miller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

MSB-1, a neoplasm induced in a female strain BN rat and maintained in vivo and in vitro, is unusual as a neoplasm induced by Moloney murine sarcoma virus in its clearly defined neoplastic character and in its structural features that suggest origin from mammary epithelium. Additionally, the cells of MSB-1 have certain features in common with other neoplasms of diverse type induced by this virus that are sufficiently distinct to serve as hallmarks of infection. These features consist of overall hypertrophy, eccentric displacement of the nucleus by an elaborate and complex centrosphere, alterations in the granular components of the nucleus, and annulate lamellae coupled with an abundance of free ribosomes and paucity of granular endoplasmic reticulum.
Survival Outcomes After Radiation Therapy for Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer After Adoption of Computed Tomography–Based Simulation
Authors: Aileen B. Chen, Bridget A. Neville, David J. Sher, Kun Chen, Deborah Schrag
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Technical studies suggest that computed tomography (CT) -based simulation improves the therapeutic ratio for thoracic radiation therapy (TRT), although few studies have evaluated its use or impact on outcomes.We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) -Medicare linked data to identify CT-based simulation for TRT among Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between 2000 and 2005. Demographic and clinical factors associated with use of CT simulation were identified, and the impact of CT simulation on survival was analyzed by using Cox models and propensity score analysis.The proportion of patients treated with TRT who had CT simulation increased from 2.4% in 1994 to 34.0% in 2000 to 77.6% in 2005. Of the 5,540 patients treated with TRT from 2000 to 2005, 60.1% had CT simulation. Geographic variation was seen in rates of CT simulation, with lower rates in rural areas and in the South and West compared with those in the Northeast and Midwest. Patients treated with chemotherapy were more likely to have CT simulation (65.2% v 51.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.48 to 1.88; P < .01), although there was no significant association between use of surgery and CT simulation. Controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, CT simulation was associated with lower risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.82; P < .01) compared with conventional simulation.CT-based simulation has been widely, although not uniformly, adopted for the treatment of stage III NSCLC and is associated with higher survival among patients receiving TRT.
Glutamate Receptors on Dopamine Neurons Control the Persistence of Cocaine Seeking
Authors: David Engblom, Ainhoa Bilbao, Carles Sanchis-Segura, Lionel Dahan, Stéphanie Perreau-Lenz, Bénédicte Balland, Jan Rodriguez Parkitna, Rafael Luján, Briac Halbout, Manuel Mameli, Rosanna Parlato, Rolf Sprengel, Christian Lüscher, Günther Schütz, Rainer Spanagel
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Blood outgrowth endothelial cells from Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia patients reveal abnormalities compatible with vascular lesions
Authors: A FERNANDEZL, F SANZRODRIGUEZ, R ZARRABEITIA, A PEREZMOLINO, R HEBBEL, J NGUYEN, C BERNABEU, L BOTELLA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is originated by mutations in endoglin (HHT1) and ALK1 (HHT2) genes. The purpose of this work was to isolate and characterize circulating endothelial cells from HHT patients.Pure primary cultures of blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs) were obtained from 50 ml of peripheral blood by selection on collagen plates with endothelial medium.The amount of endoglin in HHT1-BOECs is half the controls, but HHT2-BOECs are also endoglin-deficient. Since the TGF-beta/ALK1 pathway activates the endoglin promoter activity, these results suggest the involvement of ALK1 in endoglin gene expression. Endothelial TGF-beta pathways, mediated by ALK1 and ALK5, are impaired in HHT cells. HHT-BOECs show disorganized and depolymerized actin fibers, as compared to the organized stress fibers of healthy-BOECs. Functionally, HHT-BOECs have impaired tube formation, in contrast with the cord-like structures derived from normal donors.Decreased endoglin expression, impaired TGF-beta signalling, disorganized cytoskeleton, and failure to form cord-like structures are common characteristics of endothelial cells from HHT patients. These features may lead to fragility of small vessels and bleeding characteristic of the HHT vascular dysplasia and to a disrupted and abnormal angiogenesis, which may explain the clinical symptoms associated with this disease.
Platelet activating factor produced in vitro by Kaposi's sarcoma cells induces and sustains in vivo angiogenesis.
Authors: F Bussolino, M Arese, G Montrucchio, L Barra, L Primo, R Benelli, F Sanavio, M Aglietta, D Ghigo, M R Rola-Pleszczynski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Imbalance in the network of soluble mediators may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). In this study, we demonstrated that KS cells grown in vitro produced and in part released platelet activating factor (PAF), a powerful lipid mediator of inflammation and cell-to-cell communication. IL-1, TNF, and thrombin enhanced the synthesis of PAF. PAF receptor mRNA and specific, high affinity binding site for PAF were present in KS cells. Nanomolar concentration of PAF stimulated the chemotaxis and chemokinesis of KS cells, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. The migration response to PAF was inhibited by WEB 2170, a hetrazepinoic PAF receptor antagonist. Because neoangiogenesis is essential for the growth and progression of KS and since PAF can activate vascular endothelial cells, we examined the potential role of PAF as an instrumental mediator of angiogenesis associated with KS. Conditioned medium (CM) from KS cells (KS-CM) or KS cells themselves induced angiogenesis and macrophage recruitment in a murine model in which Matrigel was injected subcutaneously. These effects were inhibited by treating mice with WEB 2170. Synthetic PAF or natural PAF extracted from plasma of patients with classical KS also induced angiogenesis, which in turn was inhibited by WEB 2170. The action of PAF was amplified by expression of other angiogenic factors and chemokines: these included basic and acidic fibroblast growth factor, placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and its specific receptor flk-1, hepatocyte growth factor, KC, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2. Treatment with WEB 2170 abolished the expression of the transcripts of these molecules within Matrigel containing KS-CM. These results indicate that PAF may cooperate with other angiogenic molecules and chemokines in inducing vascular development in KS.
Trends in Teenage Pregnancy in England and Wales: How can we Explain Them?
Authors: Kaye Wellings, Roslyn Kane
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1999)

Teenage pregnancy is associated with adverse social and physical outcomes for both mother and child. We drew on various sources—birth and abortion statistics from the Office for National Statistics, data from the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, and routinely collected data from family planning clinics—to identify trends in England and Wales and their possible determinants. The rate of teenage sexual activity has increased steadily and consistently over the past four decades, whilst the rate of teenage fertility has shown greater variation. When the teenage fertility rate is calculated against the denominator of sexually active women, rather than the total sample of teenage women, the underlying trend in teenage fertility over the past four decades has been downwards, though not consistently so. Fluctuations in the teenage fertility rate seem to track intervention-related factors such as access to, and use of, contraceptive services and the general climate surrounding the sexual health of young people.
In vitro assessment of an ultrasonic flowmeter for use in ventilated infants
Authors: P. Scalfaro, J. Cotting, P.D. Sly
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

An ultrasonic flowmeter could be advantageous over a differential pressure pneumotachograph having a constant error in varying conditions. The in vitro accuracy of ultrasonic tidal volume (VT) estimates for ventilated infants were evaluated. Flow linearity and frequency response were tested, as was the influence of humidity and oxygen content on the accuracy of VT estimates. The linearity was within the 5% limits between -350 and 350 mL x sec(-1) and was not affected by the presence of an endotracheal tube (ET). The frequency response was flat and unaffected by an ET up to 4.5 Hz. The VT in the range 7-100 mL, in air showed a mean error of 0.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.2-0.4%) with a maximum and minimum of 6.5 and -3.5% respectively. Humidity did not affect accuracy. After calibration in air, the maximal mean error for measurements in pure oxygen was 3.0% (95% CI 1.9-4.1%). Repeated measurements over 5.5 h had a mean error of 0.4% (95% CI -0.7-0.1%). The in vitro evaluation of an ultrasonic flowmeter showed stable accuracy in mechanical ventilation conditions. Changing connection geometry and oxygen content did not increase the error to a clinically relevant degree. The flowmeter could therefore be a better alternative than the pneumotachograph for ventilated infants.
Expression of the Antimetastatic Gene nm23 in Human Breast Cancer: An Association WIth Good Prognosis
Authors: C. Hennessy, J. A. Henry, F. E. B. May, B. R. Westley, B. Angus, T. W. J. Lennard
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Expression of the Antimetastatic Gene nm23 in Human Breast Cancer: An Association WIth Good Prognosis Get access Colm Hennessy, Colm Hennessy * Department of Surgery, The Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon TyneEngland * Correspondence to: Colm Hennessy, FRCSI, Department of Surgery, The Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH England. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James A. Henry, James A. Henry Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, University of Newcastle Upon TyneEngland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Felicity E. B. May, Felicity E. B. May Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, University of Newcastle Upon TyneEngland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bruce R. Westley, Bruce R. Westley Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, University of Newcastle Upon TyneEngland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brian Angus, Brian Angus Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, University of Newcastle Upon TyneEngland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas W. J. Lennard Thomas W. J. Lennard Department of Surgery, The Medical School, University of Newcastle Upon TyneEngland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 4, 20 February 1991, Pages 281–285, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.4.281 Published: 20 February 1991 Article history Received: 15 November 1990 Accepted: 29 November 1990 Published: 20 February 1991
Organic Chemist Whose Inventions Reshaped the Antiviral Drug World
Authors: Erik De Clercq
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2012)

Antonin Holý (1936–2012) After a long, incapicitating illness due to the complications of Parkinson's disease, Antonin Holý passed away on July 16, 2012, at his home in Prague. He was born on September 1, 1936 in Prague (at the time, Czechoslovakia) where he would also graduate in 1959 as an organic chemist, and spend his whole life at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB), from 1994 to 2002, as its Director. Dr. Holý was honored several times with prestigious awards in his home country, the Czech Republic, and obtained honorary degrees from the Universities of Olomouc (Czech Republic), České Budéjovice (Czech Republic), Ghent (Belgium), and Manchester (United Kingdom). The pioneering work of Dr. Holý was concentrated on the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, which conquered a key position in the treatment of AIDS, hepatitis B, herpes, and poxvirus infections. The basic discovery of this class of compounds was published 26 years ago in Nature (1986;323:464–467) and would be the subject of another Nature paper in 2006 (2006;439:745–748). Dr. Holý laid the basis for a number of antiviral drugs (Vistide®, Hepsera®, Viread®, Truvada®, Atripla®, Complera®, and StribildTM mainly for the treatment of AIDS and hepatitis B. Truvada was as the first anti-HIV drug ever, approved for the prophylaxis of HIV infections, by the US FDA on July 16, 2012, exactly the same day that Dr. Holý died. Through his discoveries, Antonin Holý contributed to saving the lives of millions of people worldwide by protecting them from such widespread diseases as AIDS and hepatitis B. With his discovery of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (Nat Rev Drug Discov 2005;4:928–940), Holý added a new dimension to the therapy of AIDS, which, now that Truvada has been approved for the prophylaxis of HIV, as well, may be heralded as a step forward in the eventual eradication of the disease. Holý was a reserved, humble scientist, soft spoken even before, due to his illness, his voice completely faded away. He was a gifted, highly productive chemist, who only had one passion in life—change the world with medically useful drugs, whether antiviral or antitumoral. His molecules have changed the world of the antivirals. In the Czech Republic, Holý has entered the hall of fame, only preceded by other Czech heroes such as Gregor Mendel (the founder of genetics), Jaroslav Heyrovský (the discoverer of polarography), and Otto Wichterle (the pioneer of the soft lens). The Czech Republic should be proud of counting Antonin Holý as one of theirs, and so should be all of us who have known Dr. Holý as a Chemist, a Scientist and a Friend. With Dr. Holý, not only the Czech Republic, but the whole world has lost a true captain of research, a great inventor and innovator, and a real statesman of Science.
T-suppressor cells sensitive to cyclophosphamide and to its in vitro active derivative 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide control the mitogenic response of murine splenic B cells to dextran sulfate. A direct proof for different sensitivities of lymphocyte subsets to cyclophosphamide
Authors: T Diamantstein, E Willinger, J Reiman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

As measured by [(3)H]thymidine uptake, spleen cells of mice injected 7 d previously with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) (125 mg x kg (-1)) gave an enhanced response to dextran sulfate (DS), a diminished response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and a normal response to concanavalin A. Addition of syngeneic thymocytes to spleen cells inhibited the enhanced response of the cells to DS and slightly enhanced their response to LPS. Pretreatment of thymocytes by 4-hydroxyperoxycyclophosphamide (4HP-Cy) in vitro (an in vitro active derivative of Cy) abrogated the effect of thymocytes on the DS response but not on the LPS response. Pretreatment of spleen cells by small doses of 4HP-Cy (0.1-1.0 mug. ml(-1)) in vitro enhanced the capacity of the cells to respond to DS but either did not affect, or even diminished their capacity to respond to LPS. The enhancement of the DS response by 4HP-Cy treatment could not be detected using spleen cells depleted of T cells or lacking functioning T cells. 4HP-Cy doses more than 3 mug ml(-1) diminished or abolished the capacity of the spleen cells to respond to LPS as well as their capacity to respond to DS. The results show (a) that in contrast to the LPS-reactive B-lymphocyte subset, the proliferative capacity of DS-reactive subset is negatively controlled by a Cy- and 4HP-Cy-sensitive T-cell subset and (b) that these T- suppressor cells are more sensitive to Cy and 4HP-Cy (to their respective active alkylating metabolites) than B lymphocytes and T cells carrying other immunological functions.
CATEGORICAL DATA ANALYSIS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: John S. Preisser, Gary G. Koch
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1997)

▪ Abstract A greater variety of categorical data methods are used today than 15 years ago. This article surveys categorical data methods widely applied in public health research. Whereas large sample chi-square methods, logistic regression analysis, and weighted least squares modeling of repeated measures once comprised the primary analytic tools for categorical data problems, today's methodology is comprised of a much broader range of tools made available by increasing computational efficiency. These include computational algorithms for exact inference of small samples and sparsely distributed data, conditional logistic regression for modeling highly stratified data, and generalized estimating equations for cluster samples. The latter, in particular, has found wide use in modeling the marginal probabilities of correlated counted, binary, and multinomial outcomes. The various methods are illustrated with examples including a study of the prevalence of cerebral palsy in very low birthweight infants and a study of cancer screening in primary care settings.
Endothelial cell mechanics are altered in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
Authors: Corey Hardin, Ramaswamy Krishnan, Dhananjay Tambe, Sharif Sheik, Greeshma Manomohan, Jeffrey Fredberg, Aaron Waxman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and collagen vascular disease associated PAH (APAH) are associated with a significant elevation of inflammasome activation and release of IL-1β and IL-6 in patient plasma [1]. We hypothesized that these biochemical changes will affect intercellular force distribution in the constituent endothelial cells. To test this hypothesis, we applied to cultured Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cell (HLMVEC), serum derived from IPAH and APAH patients, and measured subsequent changes in HLMVEC intercellular forces [2]. In comparison to time-matched controls (n=4), HLMVEC monolayers exposed to patient serum (IPAH, n=7, APAH, n=8) were significantly more contractile (average contractile moment per monolayer; control cells = 153.5 + 13.5 pNm, IPAH cells = 222.3 + 9.6 pNm, and APAH cells = 223.8 + 22.8 pNm) and exhibited greater number of intercellular stress hot-spots. Accordingly, we suggest that inflammasome mediated enhancements in endothelial intercellular forces may play an important role in decreased vascular compliance observed in PAH.   References:   1Shaik, R.S., Kolliputi, N., Waxman, A.B., Activation of Inflammasome in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2010(May);181:A4865.  2Tambe, D.T., Hardin, C., Angelini, T.E., Rajendran, K.,Serra-Picamal, X., Zama, M.,Butler, J.P., Weitz, D.A., Fredberg, J.J.,Trepat, X., Collective Cell Guidance by Cooperative Intercellular Forces. Nature Precedings, 2011. doi:10.1038/npre.2010.5405.1.2010.