tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commentary: Talking to patients about surgical innovations
Authors: J. M. Blazeby, A. G. K. McNair
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Surgeons talk to patients before operating on them, but what is communicated during consultations is generally unknown and understudied. Consultations in which new procedures are discussed are also unchartered territory because surgical innovation often takes place outside the context of standard regulatory approval. Treasure and colleagues raise these issues with respect to aortic valve surgery in young people.1 Standard surgery offers a low immediate risk of death (1%) but necessitates life time anticoagulation and repeat surgery that carries a higher risk. An alternative procedure, the Ross pulmonary autograft, is associated with a 3% in-hospital mortality and better lifestyle outcomes, but it is technically more difficult than routine valve replacement and not within the armamentarium of all …
Health effects of passive smoking bullet 8 : Passive smoking and risk of adult asthma and COPD: an update
Authors: D. B Coultas
Journal: Thorax (1998)

The number of published studies on passive smoking as a risk factor for adult onset asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is small compared with the number on the adverse health effects of passive smoking on childhood respiratory symptoms and diseases. The paucity of research among adults may partly be due to a number of factors that make it difficult to design studies of these non-malignant respiratory diseases. The potential for misclassification of smoking status, with former or current smokers categorised as passive smokers, has been a longstanding concern in studies that rely on self reports of past smoking habits. Measuring past passive smoke exposure presents a major challenge in studies of chronic diseases that may become clinically apparent only after 20 or more years of exposure. Over-reporting of symptoms that subjects attribute to passive smoking is increasingly likely as public awareness of passive smoking increases. Also, it is difficult to measure lifetime exposure to the number of other confounding agents that are risk factors, which must be controlled for in studies of passive smoking.

While causation of asthma and COPD from passive smoking may not be directly demonstrable, it is possible to infer causal relationships from the concordance of scientific evidence, and Hill’s nine criteria for causal association provide a useful guide for evaluating available evidence.1 The nine criteria include strength of association, consistency, specificity, temporality, dose-response, plausibility, coherence, experimental evidence, and analogy. Of these criteria, plausibility, coherence, and analogy are fulfilled in relation to COPD by the established association of active cigarette smoking with chronic airflow obstruction. However, the criteria of specificity and experimental evidence have little relevance for human diseases associated with cigarette smoking.2 Of the remaining criteria, strength of association, consistency, temporality, and dose-response have the greatest relevance for evaluating the evidence on …
THE MICROBIOLOGY OF THE CUTANEOUS DIPHTHEROIDS
Authors: DOROTHY A. SOMERVILLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article THE MICROBIOLOGY OF THE CUTANEOUS DIPHTHEROIDS Get access DOROTHY A. SOMERVILLE DOROTHY A. SOMERVILLE Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London E9 6BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue s8, 1 June 1972, Pages 16–20, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb15409.x Published: 01 June 1972
Catch‐Up Growth During Tocilizumab Therapy for Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Results From a Phase III Trial
Authors: Fabrizio De Benedetti, Hermine Brunner, Nicolino Ruperto, Rayfel Schneider, Ricardo Xavier, Roger Allen, Diane E. Brown, Jeffrey Chaitow, Manuela Pardeo, Graciela Espada, Valeria Gerloni, Barry L. Myones, James W. Frane, Jianmei Wang, Terri H. Lipman, Kamal N. Bharucha, Alberto Martini, Daniel Lovell
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective To investigate the impact of tocilizumab treatment on growth and growth‐related laboratory parameters in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) enrolled in a phase III clinical trial. Methods Patients with systemic JIA ages 2–17 years (n = 112) received tocilizumab in a 12‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled period and a long‐term open‐label extension. Height velocity and standard deviation (SD) score; levels of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), osteocalcin (OC), and C‐telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX‐I); and Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score in 71 joints (JADAS‐71) were measured in a post hoc analysis of 83 patients who never received growth hormone and did not reach Tanner stage 5 by the end of the first year of treatment. Results Patients had stunted growth at baseline (mean height SD score −2.2). During tocilizumab treatment, males (73%) and females (83%) experienced above‐normal mean height velocities of 6.6 cm/year ( P &lt; 0.0001 versus World Health Organization norms). Mean height SD score increases during year 1 (0.29) and year 2 (0.31) were significant (both P &lt; 0.0001). The mean SD score for IGF‐1 levels increased significantly (−0.2 for year 1 and −0.1 for year 2 versus −1.0 at baseline; both P &lt; 0.0001). Mean OC and CTX‐I levels (both P &lt; 0.0001) and the OC:CTX‐I ratio ( P = 0.014) significantly increased from baseline to year 2. In multiple regression analysis, first‐year height velocity had a significant inverse relationship to JADAS‐71 at year 1, age, mean glucocorticoid dosage during the year, and height SD score at baseline. Conclusion Our findings indicate that during treatment with tocilizumab, patients with systemic JIA experience significant catch‐up growth, normalization of IGF‐1 levels, and bone balance improvement favoring bone formation.
Antigen of Haemophilus influenzae in bronchial tissue.
Authors: C W Clarke, C A Hannant, R Scicchitano, K J Donald, B Jackson
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Haemophilus influenzae antigen was detected in five of seven bronchial biopsies obtained from patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Antibody against H influenzae antigens was obtained from a patient with bronchiectasis. Immunofluorescent techniques were used. This provides further evidence to support the pathogenicity of H influenzae in lower respiratory tract disorders.
Cystatin M
Authors: Jun Zhang, Ravi Shridhar, Qun Dai, Jin Song, Shayne C. Barlow, Lijia Yin, Bonnie F. Sloane, Fred R. Miller, Carol Meschonat, Benjamin D. L. Li, Fleurette Abreo, Daniel Keppler
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The contribution of pericellular proteolysis to tumor progression is well documented. To better understand protease biology and facilitate clinical translation, specific proteolytic systems need to be better defined. In particular, the precise role of endogenous protease inhibitors still needs to be deciphered. We reported previously that cystatin M, a potent endogenous inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteases, significantly suppressed in vitro cell proliferation, migration, and Matrigel invasion. Here, we show that scid mice orthotopically implanted with breast cancer cells expressing cystatin M show significantly delayed primary tumor growth and lower metastatic burden in the lungs and liver when compared with mice implanted with mock controls. The incidence of metastasis, however, appeared to be unaltered between the cystatin M group and the control group. Experimental metastasis assays suggest that cystatin M suppressed tumor cell proliferation at the secondary site. By using laser capture microdissection and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we found consistent expression of cystatin M in normal human breast epithelial cells, whereas expression was decreased by 86% in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cells of stage I to IV patients. Complete loss of expression of cystatin M was observed in two of three IDCs from stage IV patients. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed that expression of cystatin M in IDCs was partially or completely lost. We propose cystatin M as a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene for breast cancer.
Randomized comparison of exercise training versus PTCA/stent in stable coronary artery disease: effects on clinical status and maximal exercise capacity
Authors: Katrin Conradi, Sven Möbius-Winkler, Claudia Walther, Peter Sick, Jiangtao Yu, Kai Kenziorra, Regine Kluge, Rainer Hambrecht, Gerhard Schuler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Treatment of Low-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
Authors: Carol Aghajanian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

HD4 trial. Lancet Oncol 11:1057-1065, 2010 7. van Kuilenburg AB, Meijer J, Mul AN, et al: Intragenic deletions and a deep intronic mutation affecting pre-mRNA splicing in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene as novel mechanisms causing 5-fluorouracil toxicity. Hum Genet 128:529-538, 2010 8. Mori Y, Katsumata K, Tsuchida A, et al: Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis in the GSTP1 and ABCC2 genes about neuropathy by the Oxaliplatin. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho35:2377-2381, 2008
Cervical spinal injury in children's community rugby football
Authors: G J Browne
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Objective: To examine the characteristics of cervical spinal injury (CSI) in school aged children injured in community based rugby football who presented to the emergency department for assessment. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive case series study reviewing the medical records of all children younger than 15 years of age who presented to the emergency department at the Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia for assessment of injury to the cervical spine between 2000 and 2003. Results: There were 125 children with CSI; most (97%) were boys of mean age 12.7 years. Injuries occurred throughout the season, with an unexpected peak in June. Neck pain was the main presenting complaint (98%). Neurological symptoms were reported in 43%, half having concussion. Hyperextension of the neck accounted for a third of all cases and was usually the result of a spear tackle. Appropriate treatment of the cervical spine on the field of play before transport to hospital was inconsistently performed. Half of the players with CSI suffered secondary injuries, consisting of concussive head injury, faciomaxillary injury, eye injury, or limb fracture. Admission to hospital was common, with all children admitted undergoing further radiological assessment. Two minor fractures were reported and no permanent neurological disability. Overall, no adverse events were reported and the clinical outcome was good. Conclusion: CSI in children playing rugby football is rarely catastrophic although often associated with other injuries. Continued efforts are needed to educate players and referees to prevent injury.
Effect of education, occupation and some lifestyle factors on common rheumatic complaints in a Swedish group aged 50-70 years.
Authors: L Jacobsson, F Lindgarde, R Manthorpe, K Ohlsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The relation between common rheumatic diseases such as osteoarthrosis, arthralgia without definite signs of osteoarthrosis, subacromial shoulder pain, different forms of tendinitis, low back pain and neck pain, and the level of formal education, occupational workload and some lifestyle factors were examined in 502 of 900 randomly selected subjects aged 50-70 years. The group with rheumatic complaints had a higher proportion of subjects with a lower level of formal education (less than or equal to eight years) by bivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, the major risk factors were: a self rated heavy workload (odds ratio (OR) 6.4), sleep disturbance (OR 3.6), and advanced age (OR 2.0 per five year increase) for osteoarthrosis; a self rated heavy workload for subacromial shoulder pain (OR 5.4) and low back pain (OR 4.8); and a self rated heavy workload (OR 8.0) and female sex (OR 4.8) for neck pain. A self rated heavy workload was strongly correlated with a low level of formal education. A heavy workload (i.e. previous or present principal occupation) could only be confirmed in the groups with neck pain and low back pain on the basis of available occupational classification data. Neck pain was thus associated with occupations entailing repetitive tasks and awkward posture with respect to the neck, shoulders, and back. Low back pain was associated with occupations entailing awkward posture with respect to the neck, shoulders, and back, and occupations entailing exposure to vibration and heavy manual work. It is concluded that, in a cross sectional sample of an elderly population, a low level of formal education and self rated heavy physical work are associated with the occurrence of adult rheumatic complaints, though the self rated heavy workload could only be verified in the groups with neck pain and low back pain. There correlations between heavy work and low back pain, and especially neck pain, suggest that successful prevention would mean a substantial economic gain to the community. Whether the level of education is a marker of risk factors other than a heavy occupational workload needs further evaluation.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF COMPLEMENT IN VIVO
Authors: Ralph Snyderman, Jean K. Phillips, Stephan E. Mergenhagen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The importance of C5 in the generation of complement (C)-dependent chemotactic activity in vitro is well recognized. However, the actual role C5 may play in the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at inflammatory sites in vivo has not been established. Injection of glycogen or endotoxin into the peritoneal cavities of guinea pigs resulted, shortly thereafter, in the local accumulation of PMN. Preceding the influx of leukocytes, the peritoneal fluid became chemotactic for rabbit PMN in vitro. The majority of this activity could be attributed to a cleavage product of C5 (C5a). Similarly, injection of endotoxin into the peritoneal cavity of C5-normal mice resulted in the generation of a chemotactic factor for mouse PMN which was followed by the accumulation of PMN in the peritoneal fluid. In contrast, injection of endotoxin into the peritoneal cavity of C5-deficient mice resulted in the generation of virtually no detectable chemotactic activity and a markedly depressed accumulation of PMN during the first 24 hr after injection. The data suggest that C5 plays an important role in the early phases of PMN accumulation in response to inflammatory stimuli. The rapid accumulation of PMN in response to an inflammatory stimulus such as bacterial endotoxin would be expected to be a major factor in host defense against proliferation and dissemination of infectious agents.
Outcomes in Athletes with Marked ECG Repolarization Abnormalities
Authors: Antonio Pelliccia, Fernando M. Di Paolo, Filippo M. Quattrini, Cristina Basso, Franco Culasso, Gloria Popoli, Rosanna De Luca, Antonio Spataro, Alessandro Biffi, Gaetano Thiene, Barry J. Maron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Young, trained athletes may have abnormal 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) without evidence of structural cardiac disease. Whether such ECG patterns represent the initial expression of underlying cardiac disease with potential long-term adverse consequences remains unresolved. We assessed long-term clinical outcomes in athletes with ECGs characterized by marked repolarization abnormalities.From a database of 12,550 trained athletes, we identified 81 with diffusely distributed and deeply inverted T waves (> or = 2 mm in at least three leads) who had no apparent cardiac disease and who had undergone serial clinical, ECG, and echocardiographic studies for a mean (+/-SD) of 9+/-7 years (range, 1 to 27). Comparisons were made with 229 matched control athletes with normal ECGs from the same database.Of the 81 athletes with abnormal ECGs, 5 (6%) ultimately proved to have cardiomyopathies, including one who died suddenly at the age of 24 years from clinically undetected arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Of the 80 surviving athletes, clinical and phenotypic features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy developed in 3 after 12+/-5 years (at the ages of 27, 32, and 50 years), including 1 who had an aborted cardiac arrest. The fifth athlete demonstrated dilated cardiomyopathy after 9 years of follow-up. In contrast, none of the 229 athletes with normal ECGs had a cardiac event or received a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy 9+/-3 years after initial evaluation (P=0.001).Markedly abnormal ECGs in young and apparently healthy athletes may represent the initial expression of underlying cardiomyopathies that may not be evident until many years later and that may ultimately be associated with adverse outcomes. Athletes with such ECG patterns merit continued clinical surveillance.
The Role of Nuclear Genes in Intraspecific Evolutionary Inference: Genealogy of the transferrin Gene in the Brown Trout
Authors: Agostinho Antunes, Alan R. Templeton, René Guyomard, Paulo Alexandrino
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Technical and biological hurdles have precluded the retrieval of nuclear gene genealogies within most species. Among these obstacles, the possibility of intragenic recombination is one of the most demanding challenges. We studied the utility of nuclear genes for intraspecific evolutionary inferences by selecting a nuclear gene that exhibits patterns of considerable geographic differentiation in the brown trout (Salmo trutta) species complex. Haplotype variation from a nucleotide sequence of ∼3.7 kb encompassing a portion of the transferrin (TF) gene was surveyed in 31 brown trout individuals collected across the native Eurasian range. Statistically significant recombination and gene conversion events were detected. However, we showed that the substantial cladistic structure was not disrupted by recombination or gene conversion events and the additional structure was estimated to have emerged after those events. Because loci with unusually high levels of variation might indicate the presence of selection, we tested the hypothesis of neutrality and found some evidence for directional selection. The strong geographic signal observed in the TF genealogy, coupled with the current spatial distribution of electromorphs, gave us the ability to draw empirical phylogeographic inferences. We delineated the composition of current brown trout populations on the basis of 3,625 individuals electrophoretically scored for the TF locus. We hypothesized scenarios of historical radiation and dispersal events, thus providing new insights refining previous allozyme and mtDNA inferences. We infer that the most ancestral brown trout populations inhabited tributaries from the Black, Caspian, and Aral Sea drainages. An early radiation of the species occurred throughout the Mediterranean, followed by independent dispersal events from the Adriatic to the southernmost Iberian Atlantic and, more recently, a rapid expansion throughout most of the Atlantic drainages.
Bioavailability of ciprofloxacin after multiple enteral and intravenous doses in ICU patients with severe gram-negative intra-abdominal infections
Authors: S. de Marie, M. F. Q. VandenBergh, S. L. C. E. Buijk, H. A. Bruining, A. van Vliet, J. A. J. W. Kluytmans, J. W. Mouton
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1998)
The Effects of a Presurgical Stress Management Intervention for Men With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Patricia A. Parker, Curtis A. Pettaway, Richard J. Babaian, Louis L. Pisters, Brian Miles, Adoneca Fortier, Qi Wei, Danielle D. Carr, Lorenzo Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose This study assessed the short-term and long-term efficacy of a presurgical stress management intervention at reducing mood disturbance and improving quality of life (QOL) in men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer. Patients and Methods One hundred fifty-nine men were randomly assigned to a two-session (plus two boosters) presurgical stress management intervention (SM), a two-session (plus two boosters) supportive attention group (SA), or a standard care group (SC). Assessments occurred 1 month before surgery; 1 week before surgery; the morning of surgery; 6 weeks after surgery, and 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results Results indicated significant group differences in mood disturbance before surgery (P = .02), such that men in the SM group had significantly less mood disturbance than men in the SC group (P = .006), with no significant differences between the SM and SA or SA and SC groups. In the year after surgery, there were significant group differences on Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form survey (SF-36) physical component summary (PCS) scores (P = .004); men in the SM group had significantly higher PCS scores than men in the SC group (P = .0009), and there were no significant differences between the SM and SA or SA and SC groups. There were no group effects on prostate-specific QOL or SF-36 mental health scores. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the efficacy of a brief presurgical stress management intervention in improving some short-term and long-term outcomes. If these results are replicated, it may be a useful adjunct to standard care for men with prostate cancer undergoing surgery.
Injury in elite county-level hurling: a prospective study
Authors: John C Murphy, Conor Gissane, Catherine Blake
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Objective To determine the incidence, prevalence and nature of sports injuries in elite male hurling players. Design Prospective study of county-grade hurling teams. Incidence, prevalence and descriptions of injuries were collated. Setting Four county teams during the 2007 season; January to September inclusive. Participants A total of 127 male players were followed over 34 weeks. Data were collected on a median (IQR) of 31 (30–32) players per team per week. The mean age was 23.3±2.5 years. Results There were 204 injuries to 104 players (82%, 95% CI (74 to 88)). Injury incidence rate during match-play (102.5 (84.4 to 123.2)) was 19 times higher than for training (5.3 (4.2 to 6.5)) (RR=19.5 (14.8 to 25.6)). The mean weekly prevalence of injury was 13.9% (12.5 to 14.8). Most injuries were new (n=170, 83.3%, (77.6 to 87.8)) and acute (n=165, 80.9% (74.9 to 85.7)). Muscle strain (n=86) accounted for 42.2% (35.6 to 49) of the total. 71% of injuries were to the lower limb (n=143, (63.5 to 76.0)) with hamstring strain (n=33, 16.5% (11.8 to 21.8)) predominating. Fractures constituted 7.4% injuries (n=15, 95% CI (4.5 to 11.8)), 12 of which were to the upper limb. There were three (1.5% (0.5 to 4.2)) eye injuries and one concussion injury (0.5% (0.1 to 2.7)). Conclusions These results provide data on hurling injuries using definitions that reflect international consensus statements. Injury incidence from match-play in particular is high compared with other sports. These findings have relevance for clinicians and coaches.