tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Systolic Performance, Function, and Contractility in Patients With Diastolic Heart Failure
Authors: Catalin F. Baicu, Michael R. Zile, Gerard P. Aurigemma, William H. Gaasch
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Patients with diastolic heart failure (DHF) have significant abnormalities in left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, including slow and delayed relaxation and increased chamber stiffness. Whether and to what extent these abnormalities in diastolic function occur in association with abnormalities in LV systolic performance, function, and contractility has not been investigated thoroughly. Methods and Results— The systolic properties of the LV were examined in 75 patients with heart failure and a normal ejection fraction (ie, DHF) and 75 normal control subjects with no evidence of cardiovascular disease. LV systolic properties were assessed with echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization data. Stroke work (an index of LV systolic performance), preload recruitable stroke work and ejection fraction (indices of LV systolic function), systolic stress-shortening relationship, end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, and peak (+)dP/dt (indices of LV contractility) were examined. The systolic properties of the LV were normal in patients with DHF. Stroke work was 8.4±2.3 in DHF versus 8.8±2.5 kg · cm in controls ( P =0.26). Preload recruitable stroke work was 99±22 in DHF versus 109±18 g/cm 2 in controls ( P =0.13). The relationship between stroke work and end-diastolic volume was similar in DHF and controls. Peak (+) dP/dt was 1596±362 in DHF versus 1664±305 mm Hg/s in controls ( P =0.54). The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship was increased in DHF. The systolic stress versus endocardial fractional shortening relationship was similar in DHF and controls. Conclusions— Patients with DHF had normal LV systolic performance, function, and contractility. The pathophysiology of DHF does not appear to be related to significant abnormalities in these systolic properties of the LV.
Targeted and highly efficient gene transfer into CD4+ cells by a recombinant human immunodeficiency virus retroviral vector.
Authors: T Shimada, H Fujii, H Mitsuya, A W Nienhuis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

We have established a recombinant HIV gene transfer system based on transient expression of the HIV packaging functions and a recombinant vector genome in monkey kidney Cos cells. The recombinant HIV retroviral vector introduced the neoR gene into CD4+ cells with high efficiency, comparable to that achieved with the highest titer amphotropic murine recombinant retrovirus. Vector preparations were devoid of replication competent, infectious HIV. Gene transfer was dependent on CD4 expression, as shown by expression of the CD4 gene in HeLa cells, and could be inhibited by soluble CD4. This specific and efficient gene transfer system may be useful for development of gene therapy for which T cells are the desired targets.
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF 1,000 SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
Authors: HENRY S. COLONY, STANLEY E. WILLIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

The literature pertinent to the problem of whether or not schizophrenics are more likely to show "abnormal" or poorly organized records is briefly reviewed. Data collected from 1,000 schizophrenic patients with an average age of 20.4 years are contrasted with a "control" group consisting of 474 patients without discernible neurological disease, who are nonpsychotic and in a comparable age group. This reveals that 5.0% of the schizophrenic records are "abnormal" by virtue of the presence of significant amounts of slow wave activity; 8.3% of the control group also have such abnormal records. It is concluded that changes in the EEG can result from emotional perturbation and do not necessarily indicate support for an organic genetically oriented concept of schizophrenia. There appears to be no more significant abnormality in the EEG's of schizophrenics than in those of any other patients with nonorganic disturbance in the brain.
Management of patients with advanced prostate cancer: recommendations of the St Gallen Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) 2015
Authors: S. Gillessen, A. Omlin, G. Attard, J.S. de Bono, E. Efstathiou, K. Fizazi, S. Halabi, P.S. Nelson, O. Sartor, M.R. Smith, H.R. Soule, H. Akaza, T.M. Beer, H. Beltran, A.M. Chinnaiyan, G. Daugaard, I.D. Davis, M. De Santis, C.G. Drake, R.A. Eeles, S. Fanti, M.E. Gleave, A. Heidenreich, M. Hussain, N.D. James, F.E. Lecouvet, C.J. Logothetis, K. Mastris, S. Nilsson, W.K. Oh, D. Olmos, A.R. Padhani, C. Parker, M.A. Rubin, J.A. Schalken, H.I. Scher, A. Sella, N.D. Shore, E.J. Small, C.N. Sternberg, H. Suzuki, C.J. Sweeney, I.F. Tannock, B. Tombal
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)

The first St Gallen Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) Expert Panel identified and reviewed the available evidence for the ten most important areas of controversy in advanced prostate cancer (APC) management. The successful registration of several drugs for castration-resistant prostate cancer and the recent studies of chemo-hormonal therapy in men with castration-naïve prostate cancer have led to considerable uncertainty as to the best treatment choices, sequence of treatment options and appropriate patient selection. Management recommendations based on expert opinion, and not based on a critical review of the available evidence, are presented. The various recommendations carried differing degrees of support, as reflected in the wording of the article text and in the detailed voting results recorded in supplementary Material, available at Annals of Oncology online. Detailed decisions on treatment as always will involve consideration of disease extent and location, prior treatments, host factors, patient preferences as well as logistical and economic constraints. Inclusion of men with APC in clinical trials should be encouraged.
Identification and physiological activity of survival factor released from cardiomyocytes during ischaemia and reperfusion
Authors: Yoichi Mizukami, Kyoichi Ono, Cheng-Kun Du, Toshihiko Aki, Naoya Hatano, Yosuke Okamoto, Yasuhiro Ikeda, Hiroshi Ito, Kimikazu Hamano, Sachio Morimoto
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

We carried out a screening of survival factors released from cells exposed to simulated ischaemia and reperfusion (sI/R) using the embryonic rat heart-derived cell line, H9c2 cells, and examined the physiological role of the identified factor. The culture medium supernatant of H9c2 cells exposed to sI/R was separated by column chromatography and the fractions examined for survival activity. The protein with survival activity was identified by mass spectrometry, and its physiological role was examined in the models of ischaemia. Cell survival activity was detected in at least three fractions of the cell supernatant collected during sI/R and subjected to a series of column chromatographic steps. Among the proteins measured by mass spectrometry and western blotting, a p36 protein identified as a glycolytic enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase muscle subunit (M-LDH), showed strong survival activity. H2O2-induced intracellular calcium overload in H9c2 cells and irregular Ca2+ transients in adult rat cardiomyocytes were both found to be inhibited by pretreatment with M-LDH. M-LDH also lowered the frequency and amplitude of early afterdepolarizations induced by H2O2 in adult rat cardiomyocytes and suppressed the ischaemia–reperfusion-induced reduction of cardiac output from mouse working heart preparations. M-LDH was found to increase the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), which plays a role in H9c2 cell survival. M-LDH released from cardiomyocytes after hypoxia and reoxygenation has a role in protecting the heart from oxidative stress-induced injury through an intracellular signal transduction pathway involving ERK1/2.
Reflex Cardiovascular Depression during Unilateral Lung Hyperinflation in the Dog
Authors: Sharon S. Cassidy, William L. Eschenbacher, Robert L. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

We have examined whether lung hyperinflation in the anesthetized dog reflexly depresses cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, and blood pressure and whether these changes persist for more than a minute. To eliminate any mechanical restriction to venous return and pulmonary blood flow during lung hyperinflation, a model was developed in which all pulmonary artery blood flow and all ventilation were directed to the right lung in dogs with widely open chest and the left lung was hyperinflated before and after left cervical vagotomy. Heart rate, stroke volume, and blood pressure decreased by 24, 20, and 27%, respectively, within 15 s of left lung inflation to 30 cm H2O. Heart rate increased to preinflation levels by 1 min, but stroke volume and blood pressure remained depressed during lung hyperinflation for at least 15 min. Upon deflation, stroke volume and blood pressure returned to control levels within 1 min. Division of the left vagosympathetic trunk at the neck interrupted all autonomic afferent and efferent nerves of the left lung, but left intact the right vagal sympathetic and parasympathetic afferent and efferent nerves of the heart. After left cervical vagotomy the transient fall in heart rate, stroke volume, and blood pressure during left lung hyperinflation was greatly reduced or eliminated. These results suggest that unilateral lung hyperinflation reflexly depresses heart rate and blood pressure, which are partially compensated with time, and reflexly depresses stroke volume, which persists uncompensated until the lung is deflated. These findings may explain the depressed cardiovascular function observed during regional lung overdistention especially when it occurs during positive pressure ventilation.
THE USE OF THE ELASTIC COMPRESSION TO DECREASE THE RISK OF INJURY
Authors: A Ménétrier
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The elastic compression was first used in sports to improve post-exercise recovery and performances. Many anecdotal reports further indicated that the elastic compression could decrease the risk of injury. Objective The aim was to determine whether the elastic compression really decreases this risk. We hypothesized that wearing the elastic compression decreases the risk of injury in trail running. Desgin Retrospective study. Setting Regional sportmen. Participants 203 runners recruited in regional trail races. Risk factor assessment We sent a questionnaire to obtain the age range of the participants and in the past three months: their level of weekly training (hours and sessions), the quantity and type of injuries and whether they used or not the elastic compression. This day, 105 runners wearing the elastic compression (during effort and post-exercise recovery) and 98 non-wearing (control group) answered this questionnaire. We used a multiplier coefficient for reported these two groups to 100. Main outcome measurements Number of injuries according to the wearing or not of the elastic compression. Results The preliminary results indicate that the control group trained 3.11±0.86 sessions per week (i.e. 4.13±1.32 hours) and the group wearing elastic compression trained 4.00±0.93 sessions per week (i.e. 5.64±1.54 hours). We observed 24.49 injuries (per 100 tendinitis, periostitis, muscular injuries and sprains) in the control group and 18.09 in the group wearing elastic compression (i.e. -26.11%). Conclusions The preliminary results seem to indicate that wearing the elastic compression during and after the sports practice decreases the risk of injury of the runners. Further research is required. We are expanding this study to a more consequent population.
Hemodynamic effects of acute experimental aortic coarctation in the dog.
Authors: D L Newman, R K Walesby, N L Bowden
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Pressure and flow pulses were recorded immediately proximal and distal to a temporary stenosis of the thoracic aorta of the dog. The severity of the stenosis was varied, and the magnitude of the pulse changes was correlated with the degree of stenosis expressed as the area ratio, As/All, where As is the cross-sectional area of the stenotic section and A-s that of the normal vessel. The harmonic amplitudes of the pressure and flow waves during the stenotic period were obtained by Fourier analysis and normalized to their values when the stenosis was released. It was found that as A-s/All yields 0 the proximal pressure amplitude increased and the distal pressure and the proximal and distal flow amplitudes decreased. These changes were such that the proximal fluid impedance calculated from the corresponding pressure and flow amplitude ratios increased as A-s/A-ll yields 0; the distal impedance remained relatively unaffected. These findings can be interpreted in terms of reflection of the pulse waves at the stenosis. The normalized proximal pressure amplitudes approximate to 1 + R and the distal pressure and both the proximal and the distal flow vary according to 1 minus R, where R is the reflection coefficient. The variation of R with A-s/A-ll can be determined from the proximal fluid impedance changes; we found that R increased relatively slowly for moderate stenoses, varying from 0 at A-s/A-ll 1.0 (no stenosis) to similar to 0.2 at A-s/A-ll equals 0.2. At more severe stenoses, it increased more rapidly approaching 1.0 at A-s/A-ll equals 0. The generation of turbulence was most marked at A-s/A-ll yields 0.2.
An empirical comparison of lead exposure pathway models.
Authors: P Succop, R Bornschein, K Brown, C Y Tseng
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Structural equation modeling is a statistical method for partitioning the variance in a set of interrelated multivariate outcomes into that which is due to direct, indirect, and covariate (exogenous) effects. Despite this model's flexibility to handle different experimental designs, postulation of a causal chain among the endogenous variables and the points of influence of the covariates is required. This has motivated the researchers at the University of Cincinnati Department of Environmental Health to be guided by a theoretical model for movement of lead from distal sources (exterior soil or dust and paint lead) to proximal sources (interior dust lead) and then finally to biologic outcomes (handwipe and blood lead). The question of whether a single structural equation model built from proximity arguments can be applied to diverse populations observed in different communities with varying lead amounts, sources, and bioavailabilities is addressed in this article. This reanalysis involved data from 1855 children less than 72 months of age enrolled in 11 studies performed over approximately 15 years. Data from children residing near former ore-processing sites were included in this reanalysis. A single model adequately fit the data from these 11 studies; however, the model needs to be flexible to include pathways that are not frequently observed. As expected, the more proximal sources of interior dust lead and handwipe lead were the most important predictors of blood lead; soil lead often had a number of indirect influences. A limited number of covariates were also isolated as usually affecting the endogenous lead variables. The blood lead levels surveyed at the ore-processing sites were comparable to and actually somewhat lower than those reported in the the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Lessened bioavailability of the lead at certain of these sites is a probable reason for this finding.
Tumor Lymphangiogenesis in Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma: A Histomorphometric Study
Authors: Ilse Van der Auwera, Gert G. Van den Eynden, Cecile G. Colpaert, Steven J. Van Laere, Peter van Dam, Eric A. Van Marck, Luc Y. Dirix, Peter B. Vermeulen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: At the time of diagnosis, metastatic dissemination of tumor cells via the lymphatic system has occurred in nearly all patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). The objective of this study was twofold: (a) to determine which is the most suitable marker of lymph vessels in primary breast tumors and (b) to compare histomorphometric lymph vessel variables in IBC and non-IBC. Experimental Design: Serial sections of 10 IBCs and 10 non-IBCs were immunostained for D2-40, LYVE-1, podoplanin, and PROX-1. Relative lymph vessel area, lymph vessel perimeters, and counts and lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation (LECP) were then measured in D2-40/Ki-67 double-immunostained sections of 10 normal breast tissues, 29 IBCs, and 56 non-IBCs. Results: D2-40 was the most suitable antibody for staining peritumoral and intratumoral lymph vessels. D2-40-stained intratumoral lymph vessels were present in 80% of non-IBCs and 82.8% of IBCs (P = 0.76). In non-IBC, lymph vessels located in the tumor parenchyma were smaller and less numerous than those at the tumor periphery (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) whereas in IBC, intratumoral and peritumoral variables were not significantly different. The mean relative tumor area occupied by lymph vessels was larger in IBC than in non-IBC (P = 0.01). LECP at the tumor periphery was higher in IBC than in non-IBC: median LECP was 5.74% in IBC versus 1.83% in non-IBC (P = 0.005). Conclusions: The high LECP in IBC suggests that lymphangiogenesis contributes to the extensive lymphatic spread of IBC.
Risk of Constrictive Pericarditis After Acute Pericarditis
Authors: Massimo Imazio, Antonio Brucato, Silvia Maestroni, Davide Cumetti, Riccardo Belli, Rita Trinchero, Yehuda Adler
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is considered a rare, dreaded possible complication of acute pericarditis. Nevertheless, there is a lack of prospective studies that have evaluated the specific risk according to different etiologies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of CP after acute pericarditis in a prospective cohort study with long-term follow-up. Methods and Results— From January 2000 to December 2008, 500 consecutive cases with a first episode of acute pericarditis (age, 51±16 years; 270 men) were prospectively studied to evaluate the evolution toward CP. Etiologies were viral/idiopathic in 416 cases (83.2%), connective tissue disease/pericardial injury syndromes in 36 cases (7.2%), neoplastic pericarditis in 25 cases (5.0%), tuberculosis in 20 cases (4.0%), and purulent in 3 cases (0.6%). During a median follow-up of 72 months (range, 24 to 120 months), CP developed in 9 of 500 patients (1.8%): 2 of 416 patients with idiopathic/viral pericarditis (0.48%) versus 7 of 84 patients with a nonviral/nonidiopathic etiology (8.3%). The incidence rate of CP was 0.76 cases per 1000 person-years for idiopathic/viral pericarditis, 4.40 cases per 1000 person-years for connective tissue disease/pericardial injury syndrome, 6.33 cases per 1000 person-years for neoplastic pericarditis, 31.65 cases for 1000 person-years for tuberculous pericarditis, and 52.74 cases per 1000 person-years for purulent pericarditis. Conclusions— CP is a relatively rare complication of viral or idiopathic acute pericarditis (&lt;0.5%) but, in contrast, is relatively frequent for specific etiologies, especially bacterial.
The folk psychology of souls
Authors: Jesse M. Bering
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

The present article examines how people's belief in an afterlife, as well as closely related supernatural beliefs, may open an empirical backdoor to our understanding of the evolution of human social cognition. Recent findings and logic from the cognitive sciences contribute to a novel theory of existential psychology, one that is grounded in the tenets of Darwinian natural selection. Many of the predominant questions of existential psychology strike at the heart of cognitive science. They involve: causal attribution (why is mortal behavior represented as being causally related to one's afterlife? how are dead agents envisaged as communicating messages to the living?), moral judgment (why are certain social behaviors, i.e., transgressions, believed to have ultimate repercussions after death or to reap the punishment of disgruntled ancestors?), theory of mind (how can we know what it is “like” to be dead? what social-cognitive strategies do people use to reason about the minds of the dead?), concept acquisition (how does a common-sense dualism interact with a formalized socio-religious indoctrination in childhood? how are supernatural properties of the dead conceptualized by young minds?), and teleological reasoning (why do people so often see their lives as being designed for a purpose that must be accomplished before they perish? how do various life events affect people's interpretation of this purpose?), among others. The central thesis of the present article is that an organized cognitive “system” dedicated to forming illusory representations of (1) psychological immortality, (2) the intelligent design of the self, and (3) the symbolic meaning of natural events evolved in response to the unique selective pressures of the human social environment.
Prevalence and Severity of “Benign” Mutations in the β-Myosin Heavy Chain, Cardiac Troponin T, and α-Tropomyosin Genes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sara L. Van Driest, Michael J. Ackerman, Steve R. Ommen, Rameen Shakur, Melissa L. Will, Rick A. Nishimura, A. Jamil Tajik, Bernard J. Gersh
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Genotype-phenotype correlative studies have implicated 8 particular mutations that cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) as “benign defects,” associated with near-normal survival: N232S, G256E, F513C, V606M, R719Q, and L908V of β-myosin heavy chain ( MYH7 ); S179F of troponin T ( TNNT2 ); and D175N of α-tropomyosin ( TPM1 ). Routine genetic screening of HCM patients for specific mutations is anticipated to provide important diagnostic and prognostic information. The frequency and associated phenotype of these mutations in a large, unselected cohort of HCM is unknown. Methods and Results— A total of 293 unrelated HCM patients were genotyped for the presence of a benign mutation. DNA was obtained after informed consent; specific MHY7, TNNT2 , and TPM1 fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction; and the mutations were detected by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and automated DNA sequencing. Only 5 (1.7%) of the 293 patients possessed a benign mutation. Moreover, all 5 subjects with an ascribed benign mutation had already manifested clinically severe expression of HCM, with all 5 requiring surgical myectomy, 3 of the 5 having a family history of sudden cardiac death, and 1 adolescent requiring an orthotopic heart transplant. Conclusions— These findings demonstrate the rarity of specific mutations in HCM and challenge the notion of mutation-specific clinical outcomes. Fewer than 2% of the subjects harbored a benign mutation, and those patients with a benign mutation experienced a very serious clinical course.
INTRAVENOUS METHAMPHETAMINE—ADJUVANT TO PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: M. STRAKER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

1. Methamphetamine hydrochloride, a sympathomimetic drug and a central stimulant, is described as a facilitating agent and adjuvant to psychotherapy. 2. The brief literature is reviewed and the physiological and psychological effects are described, both immediate and remote. 3. Sixty-six patients were treated with Methedrine in office practice, and the results were beneficial in selected cases. 4. Complications were encountered rarely; they consist of headache and the risk of precipitating an acute psychotic reaction. 5. The clinical results are ascribed to the stimulating properties of methamphetamine; the effect is an increase of ego strength and self-esteem, together with the stripping away of superficial ego defenses and the partial dissolution of the resistances.