tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nucleolar organizer region counts predict complete remission, remission duration, and survival in adult acute myelogenous leukemia patients.
Authors: A Pich, L Chiusa, E Audisio, F Marmont
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1998)

The analysis of the nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) was performed in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) to verify the role of cell proliferation in predicting complete remission (CR) and survival.Bone marrow biopsies from 40 adult patients with AML were stained with the argyrophilic method. The mean AgNOR number (AgNOR count) was calculated for each case. After induction therapy, patients who achieved CR received intensive consolidation; two underwent autologous and four allogeneic bone marrow transplantations (BMT).The mean AgNOR count for the whole series was 6.6 (SD = 1.35); it was higher in CR patients than in resistant ones (P = .02). The median duration of CR was 26 months for patients with an AgNOR count greater than 6.6, but only 6 months for those with lower counts (P = .01). Sixteen patients who achieved a CR relapsed and 14 reached a second CR; the median duration of second CR was 16 months for patients with AgNOR count greater than 6.6, but only 5 months for those with lower counts (P = .01). The median survival time for the whole series was 14 months, with 30% of patients alive and in continuous CR at 103 months. Survival was longer for patients with an AgNOR count greater than 6.6 (33 months) than for those with lower counts (6 months; P = .0009). In multivariate analysis, when CR was excluded from the model, AgNOR count appeared as an independent prognostic variable (P = .005).AgNOR analysis is a suitable method to assess cell proliferation in bone marrow biopsies and can predict CR, remission duration, and survival in AML patients.
Diaphragm weakness as a cause of breathlessness after anatomically distant surgery
Authors: A J Moore
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Mortality in care homes has had a prominent focus during the COVID-19 outbreak. Multiple and interconnected challenges face the care home sector in the prevention and management of outbreaks of COVID-19, including adequate supply of personal protective equipment, staff shortages, and insufficient or lack of timely COVID-19 testing. Care homes are particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases. <h3>Aim</h3> To analyse the mortality of older care home residents in Wales during COVID-19 lockdown and compare this across the population of Wales and the previous 4-years. <h3>Study Design and Setting</h3> We used anonymised Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and administrative data from the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank to create a cross-sectional cohort study. We anonymously linked data for Welsh residents to mortality data up to the 14<sup>th</sup> June 2020. <h3>Methods</h3> We calculated survival curves and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of mortality. We adjusted hazard ratios for age, gender, social economic status and prior health conditions. <h3>Results</h3> Survival curves show an increased proportion of deaths between 23<sup>rd</sup> March and 14<sup>th</sup> June 2020 in care homes for older people, with an adjusted HR of 1·72 (1·55, 1·90) compared to 2016. Compared to the general population in 2016-2019, adjusted care home mortality HRs for older adults rose from 2·15 (2·11,2·20) in 2016-2019 to 2·94 (2·81,3·08) in 2020. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The survival curves and increased HRs show a significantly increased risk of death in the 2020 study periods.
Risk of a Second Primary Cancer after Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in White Men and Women: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fengju Song, Abrar A. Qureshi, Edward L. Giovannucci, Charlie S. Fuchs, Wendy Y. Chen, Meir J. Stampfer, Jiali Han
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Studies have suggested a positive association between history of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and risk of subsequent cancer at other sites. This prospective study found a modestly increased risk of subsequent malignancies among individuals with a history of NMSC, specifically breast and lung cancer in women and melanoma in both men and women.
Consumption of classical complement components by heart subcellular membranes in vitro and in patients after acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: R N Pinckard, M S Olson, P C Giclas, R Terry, J T Boyer, R A O'Rourke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Experiments were conducted to characterize the antibody-independent activation of complement in human serum by isolated human heart mitochondrial membranes in vitro and to determine whether similar patterns of complement consumption occurred in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Direct evidence for the interaction of C1 and heart mitochondrial membranes was obtained by mitochondria-C1 binding and elution experiments. Exposure of normal human sera to isolated human heart mitochondria at 37 degrees C resulted in the consumption of C1, C4, C2, and C3 without significant consumption of the terminal components of the complement system (C6 through C9). The consumption occurred in the absence of detectable anti-heart mitochondria autoantibody, was demonstrated to be calcium dependent, and was inhibited by either 0.01 M EDTA or ethylene glycol bis(bets-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N',-tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Although specific absorption of C1q from human sera inhibited the mitochondria-dependent activation of C4, C3 donsumption was not affected. These data indicate that the consumption of C4 and C2 likely occurred due to the mitochondrial membrane-mediated activation of C1, but that the consumption of the C3 did not necessarily involve either the classical or alternative complement pathways. After the in vitro characterization of the mitochondria-dependent activation of the complement system, additional studies were performed to determine whether similar consumption occurred in patients after acute myocaridal infarction. During a 72-h period after hospital admission significant decreases in C1, C4, and C3 occurred in six patients with recent chest pain but no evidence of acute myocardial infarction. These studies suggest that myocardial cell necrosis results in the release of subcellular membrane constituents capable of activating the complement system in the absence of detectable anti-heart autoantibodies; such activation may be responsible in part for the development of acute inflammation and evolution of the infarct size following coronary artery occulusion.
Tumour necrosis factor downregulation and therapeutic response to infliximab in a case of segmental colitis associated with diverticula
Authors: C Hassan
Journal: Gut (2006)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) confined to the diverticular tract—defined as segmental colitis associated with diverticula (SCAD)—occurs in 3.8% of diverticular patients.1 Recently, infliximab was reported to have a dramatic impact on severe Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis therapy.2,3 However, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) involvement and the efficacy of anti-TNF-α in SCAD are unknown.

A 60 year old male smoker and non-NSAID user was admitted for severe bloody diarrhoea. At colonoscopy, the sigmoid and descending mucosa showed granularity, friability, and erosions confined to the diverticular tract, without alterations of the remaining ileocolonic mucosa. Histology of the inflamed tract revealed an ulcerative colitis-like picture. Therefore, a diagnosis of SCAD was made. After mesalazine and antibiotic failure, intravenous steroid therapy was successfully administered. After two years of steroid dependence, repeat endoscopy showed, in addition …
A practical guide to pharmaceutical polymorph screening &amp; selection
Authors: Eun Hee Lee
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

Prevalence and importance of polymorphism occurring in pharmaceutical compounds are well recognized. It is of great importance to prepare and select the right form from the beginning during drug discovery and development. This review introduces the basic concepts of "What is polymorphism?", addresses a fundamental question of "Why do polymorphs form?", and provides practical guidelines of "How to prepare polymorphs?" "How to evaluate the relative thermodynamic stability between polymorphs?", and "How to analyze polymorphs?". Moreover, case studies of pharmaceutically important polymorphs are provided.
Goitrogens in Food and Water
Authors: Eduardo Gaitan
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1990)

Epidemiologic and experimental evidence reviewed in this article emphasizes the complex and multifactorial etiology of endemic goiter. The important role of iodine deficiency as an etiologic factor in endemic goiter is firmly established, but there is evidence that other environmental factors can play an equally important role in the pathogenesis of this condition. Chemical categories, sources, and sites of action of the various classes of naturally occurring goitrogens and antithyroid agents are reviewed in this article. Evidence of the presence of these compounds in foodstuffs and drinking water is discussed. Bacterial contamination of water supplies also appears to be important in the development of goiter. Microorganisms appear to intervene in the biosynthesis and degradation of organic goitrogenic pollutants or may induce thyroid growth-promoting activity in the host, or both. Malnutrition and poor socioeconomic conditions, as for iodine deficiency, enhance the action of environmental goitrogens. Thus, a coordinated multidisciplinary approach is essential to solving this public health problem.
CARDIAC FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH NEW GROWTH IN THE CHEST
Authors: G. H. Pringle
Journal: BMJ (1927)

intestinies were collapsed.The liver showed a state of mild cirrhosis; on microscopical examinationi there was fouind an increase of fibrous tissue around the bile ducts, with partially obliterating endarteritis of the vessels.The spleen, uterus, and appendages were normal, but the kidneys were slighitly graniular.There was a typical broad-ligament cyst on the rig-ht side, of irregular shape; it passed across the bladder, with a small protuberance causing the apparenitly separate mass on the left side.On section it proved to be aii iinnocent multilocular growth, with papillary proliferations.This case has several features of interest.The mutiscular effort which ruptured the heart miiust have been very slight, as the patient was lying in bed.She was by no means a nervous woman, and was perfectly willing to be operated on for her condition.The right ventricle is said to be affected in only one quarter of these rare cases of rupture of the heart, the left ventricle being tlhe usual chamber inivolved.The slight degree of precordial pain, and the comiparatively long duration of life after rupture, due, no doubt, to its small size, add interest to a very unusual case.
A Small Molecule Very Late Antigen–4 Antagonist Can Inhibit Ovalbumin-induced Lung Inflammation
Authors: Gloria C. Koo, Kashmira Shah, Gloria J. F. Ding, Jianying Xiao, Richard Wnek, George Doherty, Xin Chun Tong, R. Blake Pepinsky, Ko-Chung Lin, William K. Hagmann, Douglas Kawka, Irwin I. Singer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

A nonpeptidyl small molecule antagonist, compound A, to nonactivated very late antigen-4 (VLA4) was examined in lung inflammation induced by a single dose of ovalbumin challenge. Compound A presented a good pharmacokinetic property, when given intratracheally, and the blood cells from such pharmacokinetic study showed good receptor occupancy of the compound for approximately 8 hours. Compound A was then tested in an ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation model by intranasal or intravenous route of administration. There was a dose-dependent inhibition of eosinophilia in the bronchiolar lavage fluid, when compound A was given intranasally but not when it was given intravenously. For comparison, antibody to VLA4 and another compound, BIO1211, which reacts only with activated VLA4, were examined in this system. Immunohistochemical analyses of the lung tissue substantiated the findings in the bronchiolar lavage fluid. Specific staining of the major basic protein of eosinophils showed peribronchiolar infiltration of eosinophils. Some of these eosinophils were also positive for nitrotyrosine, suggesting activation of eosinophils in the lung interstitium. There was deposition of major basic protein and nitrotyrosine at the base of the perivascular endothelium, indicative of degranulation of eosinophils in the area. After intranasal treatment with compound A, eosinophils in the lungs and their activation products were substantially decreased, documenting its effectiveness in inhibiting lung inflammation.
MULTIFOCAL CARCINOIDS OF STOMACH
Authors: Stojan Knezević, J.M. Walters, C.F. Mccarthy, Daniela Zauli, Antonella Tosti, G. Biasco, F. Miserocchi, Daniela Azzaroni, F.B. Bianchi, Cristina Crespi, Simonetta Veronesi
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Divergent Mechanisms of ATP-Sensitive K <sup>+</sup> Channel–Induced Vasodilation in Renal Afferent and Efferent Arterioles
Authors: Martina Reslerova, Rodger Loutzenhiser
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

K+ channel openers (PCOs), such as pinacidil, elicit vasodilation primarily by hyperpolarization-induced inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channel activation. The physiological role of other mechanisms suggested to contribute to PCO-induced vasodilation is not well established. In the renal microcirculation, L-type Ca2+ channels play a prominent role in vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole (AA) but are absent or physiologically silent in the efferent arteriole (EA). Thus, L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent and -independent mechanisms can readily be distinguished in this model. In the present study, we found that pinacidil potently inhibited Bay K 8644-induced AA vasoconstriction. Pinacidil also preferentially inhibited angiotensin II-induced AA vasoconstriction (approximately ninefold greater potency than EA). These results are consistent with an AA effect of pinacidil on L-type Ca2+ channel activation. Unexpectedly, 10 mumol/L pinacidil inhibited AA and EA responses to similar extents (84 +/- 10% and 71 +/- 9%, respectively). In both AAs and EAs, glibenclamide restored normal reactivity, indicating an involvement of the ATP-sensitive K+ channels. In the EA, however, pretreatment with diltiazem did not alter the effects of pinacidil. Nevertheless, 45 mmol/L KCl reversed the EA actions of pinacidil, indicating an essential requirement for a normal K+ gradient. These findings suggest that the EA actions of pinacidil involve alterations in membrane potential but not changes in L-type Ca2+ channel activity. Overall, our findings do support the premise that L-type Ca2+ channel modulation is involved in PCO-induced vasodilation in the renal microcirculation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Determinants of Treatment Adherence Among Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Estifanos Biru Shargie, Bernt Lindtjørn
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background Defaulting from treatment remains a challenge for most tuberculosis control programmes. It may increase the risk of drug resistance, relapse, death, and prolonged infectiousness. The aim of this study was to determine factors predicting treatment adherence among smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods and Findings A cohort of smear-positive tuberculosis patients diagnosed and registered in Hossana Hospital in southern Ethiopia from 1 September 2002 to 30 April 2004 were prospectively included. Using a structured questionnaire, potential predictor factors for defaulting from treatment were recorded at the beginning of treatment, and patients were followed up until the end of treatment. Default incidence rate was calculated and compared among preregistered risk factors. Of the 404 patients registered for treatment, 81 (20%) defaulted from treatment. A total of 91% (74 of 81) of treatment interruptions occurred during the continuation phase of treatment. On a Cox regression model, distance from home to treatment centre (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.97; p < 0.001), age > 25 y (HR = 1.71; p = 0.02), and necessity to use public transport to get to a treatment centre (HR = 1.59; p = 0.06) were found to be independently associated with defaulting from treatment. Conclusions Defaulting due to treatment noncompletion in this study setting is high, and the main determinants appear to be factors related to physical access to a treatment centre. The continuation phase of treatment is the most crucial time for treatment interruption, and future interventions should take this factor into consideration.
Role of LIM and SH3 Protein 1 (LASP1) in the Metastatic Dissemination of Medulloblastoma
Authors: Christopher Traenka, Marc Remke, Andrey Korshunov, Sebastian Bender, Thomas Hielscher, Paul A. Northcott, Hendrik Witt, Marina Ryzhova, Jörg Felsberg, Axel Benner, Stephanie Riester, Wolfram Scheurlen, Thomas G.P. Grunewald, Andreas von Deimling, Andreas E. Kulozik, Guido Reifenberger, Michael D. Taylor, Peter Lichter, Elke Butt, Stefan M. Pfister
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in children. Treatment failure mainly occurs in children harboring metastatic tumors, which typically carry an isochromosome 17 or gain of 17q, a common hallmark of intermediate and high-risk medulloblastoma. Through mRNA expression profiling, we identified LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) as one of the most upregulated genes on chromosome 17q in tumors with 17q gain. In an independent validation cohort of 101 medulloblastoma samples, the abundance of LASP1 mRNA was significantly associated with 17q gain, metastatic dissemination, and unfavorable outcome. LASP1 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of patients (n = 207), and high protein expression levels were found to be strongly correlated with 17q gain, metastatic dissemination, and inferior overall and progression-free survival. In vitro experiments in medulloblastoma cell lines showed a strong reduction of cell migration, increased adhesion, and decreased proliferation upon LASP1 knockdown by small interfering RNA–mediated silencing, further indicating a functional role for LASP1 in the progression and metastatic dissemination of medulloblastoma. Cancer Res; 70(20); 8003–14. ©2010 AACR.
Pretreatment with the iron chelator desferrioxamine fails to provide sustained protection against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: B R. Reddy, J. Wynne, R. A Kloner, K. Przyklenk
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Pretreatment with the iron chelator desferrioxamine fails to provide sustained protection against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury Get access B Ramesh Reddy, B Ramesh Reddy Correspondence to: Dr Przyklenk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joshua Wynne, Joshua Wynne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert A Kloner, Robert A Kloner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Karin Przyklenk Karin Przyklenk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 9, September 1991, Pages 711–718, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.9.711 Published: 01 September 1991 Article history Received: 18 February 1991 Accepted: 29 April 1991 Published: 01 September 1991
Tumor size determines the efficacy of percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ramón Vilana, Jordi Bruix, Concepció Bru, Carmen Ayuso, Manel Solé, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

This study was aimed at defining the therapeutic value of percutaneous ethanol injection in patients with solitary hepatocellular carcinoma less than 4 cm. Ultrasound–guided ethanol injection was performed in 24 cirrhotic patients (9 Child A, 10 Child B and 5 Child C), with hepatocellular carcinoma not suitable for surgical treatment. Its efficacy was assessed by repeated ultrasound, computed tomography and tumor biopsy during a follow–up ranging between 4 and 41 mo. Ethanol injection did not achieve a complete tumor necrosis in five cases after a minimum of 12 injections. Seven of the remaining 19 cases, with initial success, have shown recurrence during follow–up, thus resulting in 50% success rate, which was significantly related to baseline tumor size. The six patients with nodules less than 2 cm achieved a complete response, whereas this was recorded in 2 of the 7 with tumor size between 2 and 3 cm, and in only 1 of the 11 cases between 3 and 4 cm. The 1– and 2–yr survival of Child's A and B patients was 87% and 70%, respectively. These results indicate that percutaneous ethanol injection is a useful treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in tumors less than 3 cm. The high survival rate among patients with nonadvanced liver disease suggests that this therapeutic approach can be considered an alternative approach to surgical resection for tumors smaller than 3 cm. (Hepatology 1992;16:353-357.)
Reassessing the Standard of Care in Indolent Lymphoma: A Clinical Update to Improve Clinical Practice
Authors: Mathias Rummel
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) represents a diverse group of hematologic malignancies originating in B or T lymphocytes. Approximately 85% of NHLs are of B-cell origin, with the remainder mostly of T-cell origin. The most common NHL types are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (31%) and follicular lymphoma (22%). More than 65,000 new cases of NHL develop each year, and approximately 20,000 people with NHL died of the disease 2009. NHL is the seventh most common cancer in the United States, contributes to approximately 4% to 5% of all cancer cases in the United States, and causes approximately 3% of all cancer-related deaths. Currently, nearly 500,000 people are living with the disease or are in remission. Several new and encouraging advances have been made in the treatment of indolent NHL. Although the watch and wait approach still has a role, combined immunochemotherapy remains the standard of care for both first-line and relapsed/refractory disease. As front-line treatment, bendamustine plus rituximab may become a new standard of care, especially for older patients. In contrast, rituximab in combination with chemotherapy followed by rituximab maintenance seems to be the optimal option in patients with relapsed disease.