tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Serum Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen Levels in Clinical Decision Making for Patients With Early-Stage Cervical Cancer
Authors: Nathalie Reesink-Peters, Jacobus van der Velden, Klaske A. ten Hoor, H. Marike Boezen, Elisabeth G.E. de Vries, Marten S. Schilthuis, Marian J.E. Mourits, Hans W. Nijman, Jan G. Aalders, Harry Hollema, Elisabeth Pras, Jitze M. Duk, Ate G.J. van der Zee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To prevent morbidity associated with double modality treatment, early-stage cervical cancer patients should only be offered surgery when there is a low likelihood for adjuvant radiotherapy. We analyzed whether serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-ag) analysis allows better preoperative identification of patients with a low likelihood for adjuvant radiotherapy than currently used clinical parameters.In a cohort study, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, tumor size, and preoperative serum SCC-ag levels, as determined by enzyme immunoassay, were related to the frequency of postoperative indications for adjuvant radiotherapy in 337 surgically treated, FIGO stage IB/IIA, squamous cell cervical cancer patients.In patients with normal preoperative SCC-ag, 16% of IB1 and 29% of IB2/IIA had postoperative indications for adjuvant radiotherapy, in contrast to 57% of IB1 and 74% of IB2/IIA patients with elevated (> 1.9 ng/mL) serum SCC-ag (P < .001). Serum SCC-ag was the only independent predictor for a postoperative indication for radiotherapy (odds ratio, 7.1; P < .001). Furthermore, in IB1 patients that did not have indications for adjuvant radiotherapy, 15% of patients with elevated preoperative serum SCC-ag levels recurred within 2 years, compared with 1.6% of patients with normal serum SCC-ag levels (P = .02).In early-stage cervical cancer, determination of serum SCC-ag levels allows more refined preoperative estimation of the likelihood for adjuvant radiotherapy than current clinical parameters, and simultaneously identifies patients at high risk for recurrence when treated with surgery only. The role of preoperative serum SCC-ag in the management of patients with early-stage cervical cancer deserves further investigation.
A CASE OF SCURVY OCCURRING IN A DIABETIC
Authors: W. E. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1907)

Transitional forms2.0 ,, No myelocytes or nucleated red cells were seen.On September 25th the urine was again examined for albumose, but with entirely negative results.This absence of albumose was kindly confirmed by Professor Walker Hall.On October 2nd a semi-fluctuating swelling appeared over the first and second costal cartilages and intervening interspace on the right side, some discoloration of the skin over it giving the swelling the appearance of a bruise.The temperature, which had previously been irregular, went up to 100.6°F.The costo-choidral articulations had in the meanwhile been increasing in size, and that of the fourth right rib was semi-fluctuating.The patient had for days complained of such pains and soreness all over him that a cradle had to be obtained to keep off the pressure of the bedclothes.By October 15th the swelling over the first intercostal space had almost disappeared.The tendency to mental wandering, from which he had suffered for some days, was now so great that he only at rare intervals recognized any ope, and death, which was preceded by a rigor and a tem- perature of 102.60 F., took place on October 17th.At the autopsy the body was extremely emaciated.On reflecting the skin from the thorax, some enlargement of the sternum was obvious near the sterno-clavicular articulations.There were also definite swellings about the size of small haze] nuts over the costo-chondral articulations, especially on the right side, and over the
Natural Cytokine Antagonists and Endogenous Antiendotoxin Core Antibodies in Sepsis Syndrome
Authors: A. S. Goldie, K. C. H. Fearon, J. A. Ross, G. R. Barclay, R. E. Jackson, I. S. Grant, G. Ramsay, A. S. Blyth, J. C. Howie
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To assess the value of measuring circulating concentrations of mediators (endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1 beta], and interleukin-6[IL-6]) and their endogenous antagonists (antiendotoxin core antibody [EndoCAb], interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1ra], and soluble TNF receptors [sTNF-R]) in predicting mortality and organ failure in sepsis syndrome.Cohort study with a follow-up period of 30 days.Intensive therapy units of five tertiary referral centers in Scotland.A total of 146 intensive therapy unit patients with sepsis syndrome underwent repeated sampling during a 10-day period following admission to an intensive therapy unit.Circulating concentrations of mediators and antagonists were compared in survivors and nonsurvivors.Median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 23 (range, 8 to 40). Mortality at 30 days was 49%. On entry to the study, circulating endotoxin was detected in 66% of patients, TNF-alpha in 14%, and IL-1 beta in 29%. Levels did not predict mortality or organ failure. Patients with IL-6 concentrations in excess of 3000 pg/mL had an increased mortality rate (64% vs 40%, P = .02). The incidence of IgG EndoCAb depletion on entry to the study was 26% in nonsurvivors and 10% in survivors (P = .02). Initial concentrations of both type I and type II sTNF-R were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (P < .01). Initial circulating IL-1ra concentrations were not of value in predicting mortality. Cytokine antagonists were present in concentrations 30- to 100,000-fold greater than their corresponding cytokine.The observed high circulating levels of the cytokine antagonists IL-1ra and sTNF-R and the relatively small proportion of patients developing EndoCAb depletion may contribute to the limitations of therapies that aim to augment natural defenses against endotoxin or the proinflammatory cytokines.
Randomised controlled trial of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease: the POPI (prevention of pelvic infection) trial
Authors: P. Oakeshott, S. Kerry, A. Aghaizu, H. Atherton, S. Hay, D. Taylor-Robinson, I. Simms, P. Hay
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether screening and treating women for chlamydial infection reduces the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease over the subsequent 12 months. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Common rooms, lecture theatres, and student bars at universities and further education colleges in London. <b>Participants</b> 2529 sexually active female students, mean age 21 years (range 16-27). <b>Intervention</b> Participants completed a questionnaire and provided self taken vaginal swabs, with follow-up after one year. Samples were randomly allocated to immediate testing and treatment for chlamydial infection, or storage and analysis after a year (deferred screening controls). <b>Main outcome measure</b> Incidence of clinical pelvic inflammatory disease over 12 months. <b>Results</b> Baseline prevalence of chlamydia was 5.4% (68/1254) in screened women and 5.9% (75/1265) in controls. 94% (2377/2529) of women were followed up after 12 months. The incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease was 1.3% (15/1191) in screened women compared with 1.9% (23/1186) in controls (relative risk 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 1.22). Seven of 74 control women (9.5%, 95% confidence interval 4.7% to 18.3%) who tested positive for chlamydial infection at baseline developed pelvic inflammatory disease over 12 months compared with one of 63 (1.6%) screened women (relative risk 0.17, 0.03 to 1.01). However, most episodes of pelvic inflammatory disease occurred in women who tested negative for chlamydia at baseline (79%, 30/38). 22% (527/2377) of women reported being tested independently for chlamydia during the trial. <b>Conclusion</b> Although some evidence suggests that screening for chlamydia reduces rates of pelvic inflammatory disease, especially in women with chlamydial infection at baseline, the effectiveness of a single chlamydia test in preventing pelvic inflammatory disease over 12 months may have been overestimated. <b>Trial registration</b> ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00115388.
The relation of airway obstruction to asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis and age: results from a population survey of adults
Authors: D. Obaseki, J. Potts, G. Joos, J. Baelum, T. Haahtela, M. Ahlström, P. Matricardi, U. Kramer, M. Gjomarkaj, W. Fokkens, J. Makowska, A. Todo‐Bom, K. Toren, C. Janson, S.‐E. Dahlen, B. Forsberg, D. Jarvis, P. Howarth, G. Brozek, J. Minov, C. Bachert, P. Burney
Journal: Allergy (2014)

There is conflicting evidence on whether patients with asthma experience an accelerated decline in lung function with age. We examined the association between postbronchodilator lung function, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and atopy with age using a large European sample.In 17 centers in 11 European countries, case-control studies were nested within representative cross-sectional surveys of adults aged less than 75 years. Representative samples of participants with asthma, CRS or both and controls were assessed for postbronchodilator ventilatory function, smoking history, atopy, and treatment. Multiple regression was used to assess the interactive effects of age and diagnostic group on decline in postbronchodilator ventilatory function.A total of 3337 participants provided adequate data (778 with asthma, 399 with CRS, 244 with both asthma and CRS and 1916 controls who had neither asthma nor CRS). Participants with asthma had lower FEV1 /FVC (-4.09% (95% CI: -5.02, -3.15, P < 0.001) and a steeper slope of FEV1 /FVC against age (-0.14%/annum [95%CI: -0.19, -0.08]) equivalent to smoking 1-2 packs of cigarettes per day. Those with atopy had a slope equivalent to controls.People with asthma have a steeper decline in postbronchodilator lung function with age, but neither CRS nor atopy alone were associated with such decline.
Insulin secretory defects in polycystic ovary syndrome. Relationship to insulin sensitivity and family history of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: D A Ehrmann, J Sturis, M M Byrne, T Karrison, R L Rosenfield, K S Polonsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The increased prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been ascribed to the insulin resistance characteristic of PCOS. This study was undertaken to determine the role of defects in insulin secretion as well as familial factors to the predisposition to NIDDM seen in PCOS. We studied three groups of women: PCOS with a family history of NIDDM (PCOS FHx POS; n = 11), PCOS without a family history of NIDDM (PCOS FHx NEG; n = 13), and women without PCOS who have a family history of NIDDM (NON-PCOS FHx POS; n = 8). Beta cell function was evaluated during a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, by a low dose graded glucose infusion, and by the ability of the beta cell to be entrained by an oscillatory glucose infusion. PCOS FHx POS women were significantly less likely to demonstrate appropriate beta cell compensation for the degree of insulin resistance. The ability of the beta cell to entrain, as judged by the spectral power for insulin secretion rate, was significantly reduced in PCOS FHx POS subjects. In conclusion, a history of NIDDM in a first-degree relative appears to define a subset of PCOS subjects with a greater prevalence of insulin secretory defects. The risk of developing NIDDM imparted by insulin resistance in PCOS may be enhanced by these defects in insulin secretion.
Polymorphism of Clara Cell 10-kD Protein Gene of Sarcoidosis
Authors: Takashi Ohchi, Noriharu Shijubo, Isao Kawabata, Shingo Ichimiya, Shin-ichiro Inomata, Akihiro Yamaguchi, Yoshifumi Umemori, Yoshihisa Itoh, Shosaku Abe, Yomei Hiraga, Noriyuki Sato
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Clara cell 10-kD protein (CC10) exhibits potent antiinflammatory properties. G38A polymorphism was found in the CC10 gene. We investigated the genetic influence of the allele on the development of sarcoidosis using case control analysis in a Japanese population (265 sarcoidosis cases and 258 control subjects). The A allele frequency in sarcoidosis cases (45.1%) was significantly higher than healthy control subjects (34.9%, p = 0.0002). According to outcomes, we divided 223 patients with follow-up periods of 3 years or more into two subgroups (55 progressive and 168 regressive disease). The A allele frequency in patients with progressive disease was significantly higher than control subjects (odds ratio = 4.55; 95% confidence interval, 2.97-6.97; p < 0.0001), whereas that of regressive disease was not. The A/A genotypes had significantly lower bronchoalveolar lavage fluid CC10 levels than the G/G (nonsmokers, p = 0.0054, and smokers, p = 0.0045) and G/A genotypes (nonsmokers, p = 0.0022, and smokers, p = 0.0402). The reporter gene assay showed significantly lower reporter activities in the presence of interferon-gamma for the 38A construct than the 38G construct (p = 0.0177). The G38A polymorphism in the CC10 gene may influence protein expression and be associated with the development of progressive sarcoidosis.
Resistance alleles at two non-major histocompatibility complex-linked insulin-dependent diabetes loci on chromosome 3, Idd3 and Idd10, protect nonobese diabetic mice from diabetes.
Authors: L S Wicker, J A Todd, J B Prins, P L Podolin, R J Renjilian, L B Peterson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Development of diabetes in NOD mice is polygenic and dependent on both major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked and non-MHC-linked insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) genes. In (F1 x NOD) backcross analyses using the B10.H-2g7 or B6.PL-Thy1a strains as the outcross partner, we previously identified several non-MHC Idd loci, including two located on chromosome 3 (Idd3 and Idd10). In the current study, we report that protection from diabetes is observed in NOD congenic strains having B6.PL-Thy1a- or B10-derived alleles at Idd3 or Idd10. It is important to note that only partial protection is provided by two doses of the resistance allele at either Idd3 or Idd10. However, nearly complete protection from diabetes is achieved when resistance alleles are expressed at both loci. Development of these congenic strains has allowed Idd3 to be localized between Glut2 and D3Mit6, close to the Il2 locus.
Serum lipids: interactions between age and moderate intensity exercise.
Authors: K Van der Eems, A H Ismail
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between age and selected serum lipids and lipoproteins in women before and after a physical fitness programme. Twenty females 27-59 years of age who had participated in the Purdue University Physical Fitness Programme were selected and placed into one of two groups: "junior" (mean age 34, all under 40 yrs) or "senior" (mean age 50, all over 43). A two way factorial design was used to study differences in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and the risk ratios TC/HDLC and LDLC/HDLC associated with physical fitness and the eight month physical fitness programme. The ability of the biochemical variables to discriminate between the age groups was investigated using discriminant function analyses. The analyses of variance indicated that although the two age groups were matched on the basis of a multivariate physical fitness score (Ismail et al, 1965) the older group was heavier (p less than 0.05), and had higher systolic and pulse pressures (p less than 0.05). Both groups increased their physical fitness score from pre to post programme (p less than 0.01). No significant age related biochemical differences were noted in the univariate analyses; however, in the discriminant function analyses the biochemical variables significantly discriminated between the two groups before, but not after the programme. A decrease in serum triglycerides was observed in the more highly fit women in each age group. These findings suggest that moderate levels of physical activity may help to counteract some of the undesirable changes in the lipid profile associated with age.
Long-Circulating and Target-Specific Nanoparticles: Theory to Practice
Authors: S. Moein Moghimi, A. Christy Hunter, J. Clifford Murray
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2001)

The rapid recognition of intravenously injected colloidal carriers, such as liposomes and polymeric nanospheres from the blood by Kupffer cells, has initiated a surge of development for "Kupffer cell-evading" or long-circulating particles. Such carriers have applications in vascular drug delivery and release, site-specific targeting (passive as well as active targeting), as well as transfusion medicine. In this article we have critically reviewed and assessed the rational approaches in the design as well as the biological performance of such constructs. For engineering and design of long-circulating carriers, we have taken a lead from nature. Here, we have explored the surface mechanisms, which affords red blood cells long-circulatory lives and the ability of specific microorganisms to evade macrophage recognition. Our analysis is then centered where such strategies have been translated and fabricated to design a wide range of particulate carriers (e.g., nanospheres, liposomes, micelles, oil-in-water emulsions) with prolonged circulation and/or target specificity. With regard to the targeting issues, attention is particularly focused on the importance of physiological barriers and disease states.
The Relation of Cardiac Effort to Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Coronary Flow
Authors: L. N. KATZ, H. FEINBERG
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

The current views of the authors regarding the relationship of the cardiac performance and its myocardial oxygen consumption and the relationship of the latter to coronary blood flow are presented. Recent attempts, including our own, to devise an index of total cardiac effort that will relate to the myocardial oxygen consumption are discussed. It is concluded that the cardiac performance requiring oxygen determines coronary flow while the arteriovenous oxygen difference across the bed remains constant. However, the level of the arteriovenous oxygen difference is altered by local conditions of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, and the presence of catecholamines. Hence, the level of coronary flow for a given amount of cardiac oxygen consumption is altered by these circumstances.
Chronic cocaine-regulated epigenomic changes in mouse nucleus accumbens
Authors: Jian Feng, Matthew Wilkinson, Xiaochuan Liu, Immanuel Purushothaman, Deveroux Ferguson, Vincent Vialou, Ian Maze, Ningyi Shao, Pamela Kennedy, JaWook Koo, Caroline Dias, Benjamin Laitman, Victoria Stockman, Quincey LaPlant, Michael E Cahill, Eric J Nestler, Li Shen
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Abstract Background Increasing evidence supports a role for altered gene expression in mediating the lasting effects of cocaine on the brain, and recent work has demonstrated the involvement of chromatin modifications in these alterations. However, all such studies to date have been restricted by their reliance on microarray technologies that have intrinsic limitations. Results We use next generation sequencing methods, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq for RNA polymerase II and several histone methylation marks, to obtain a more complete view of cocaine-induced changes in gene expression and associated adaptations in numerous modes of chromatin regulation in the mouse nucleus accumbens, a key brain reward region. We demonstrate an unexpectedly large number of pre-mRNA splicing alterations in response to repeated cocaine treatment. In addition, we identify combinations of chromatin changes, or signatures, that correlate with cocaine-dependent regulation of gene expression, including those involving pre-mRNA alternative splicing. Through bioinformatic prediction and biological validation, we identify one particular splicing factor, A2BP1(Rbfox1/Fox-1), which is enriched at genes that display certain chromatin signatures and contributes to drug-induced behavioral abnormalities. Together, this delineation of the cocaine-induced epigenome in the nucleus accumbens reveals several novel modes of regulation by which cocaine alters the brain. Conclusions We establish combinatorial chromatin and transcriptional profiles in mouse nucleus accumbens after repeated cocaine treatment. These results serve as an important resource for the field and provide a template for the analysis of other systems to reveal new transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of neuronal regulation.
Effect of Adjunctive Pramlintide Treatment on Treatment Satisfaction in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: David G. Marrero, John Crean, Bei Zhang, Terrie Kellmeyer, Maurice Gloster, Kathrin Herrmann, Richard Rubin, Naomi Fineberg, Orville Kolterman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

To assess the effect of adjunctive pramlintide treatment on treatment satisfaction in patients with type 1 diabetes treated with intensive insulin regimens.Intensively treated (multiple daily injection [MDI] or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII] pump therapy) patients with type 1 diabetes completed a study-specific treatment satisfaction questionnaire following 29 weeks of either placebo (n = 136) or pramlintide (n = 130) treatment in a double-blind, noninferiority pramlintide dose titration trial. End points included patient reported outcomes, their relationship to insulin treatment regimen, A1C, weight, and insulin use.Pramlintide-treated patients reported greater treatment satisfaction in most questionnaire responses. Treatment satisfaction was similar for pramlintide-treated patients regardless of intensive insulin regimens (MDI versus CSII). Mean A1C was reduced to a similar degree in both pramlintide- (-0.39 +/- 0.07%) and placebo-treated (-0.45 +/- 0.07%) patients. However, pramlintide treatment was associated with reductions in mean body weight (-1.50 +/- 0.33 kg; P < 0.0001) and mealtime insulin use (-19.05 +/- 5.17%; P < 0.005) over 29 weeks, while placebo treatment resulted in weight gain (1.28 +/- 0.25 kg) and a smaller reduction in mealtime insulin use (-2.20 +/- 3.33%).Despite similar reductions in A1C, pramlintide treatment resulted in greater treatment satisfaction compared with placebo treatment. This was independent of insulin delivery method.