tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Falciparum Malaria: The Urgent Need for Safe and Effective Drugs
Authors: K H Rieckmann
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1983)

The spread of multidrug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum poses an increasing threat to the effective treatment and prophylaxis of malaria. Recent advances in determining the drug sensitivity of malaria parasites should promote the more rational use of standard or alternative antimalarials in areas with emerging or well-established drug resistance. The use of currently available alternative drugs is usually associated with more problems than that of the standard, synthetic antimalarials. Safe and effective drugs, capable of being administered as a single-dose or short-course treatment, are urgently needed to control the adaptable malaria parasite.
The management of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults with topical fluticasone propionate
Authors: None Van Der Meer, None Glazenburg, None Mulder, None Eggink, None Coenraads
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

This study was designed to investigate a long-term therapeutic strategy for the management of recurring atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults using fluticasone propionate (FP) ointment (CutivateTM) whereby FP could help to prevent a relapse of AD once symptoms were under control. Adult patients with chronic, moderate to severe AD entered this multicentre study. All patients were initially treated with FP 0.005% (g/g) ointment in two different regimens. Patients whose AD had been completely healed by these treatments then entered a long-term treatment phase applying FP or placebo ointment once daily, two times per week for 16 weeks to 'known' healed lesions. By the end of the initial treatment period, mean SCORAD values had significantly (P < 0.0005) improved from baseline. Patients who entered the maintenance phase and were treated with intermittent FP for up to 16 weeks, demonstrated its superior efficacy (P = 0.018) over placebo, maintaining the improvements achieved after the initial treatment phase, reducing risk of relapse and delaying time to relapse (P = 0.013). No significant changes were detected in either treatment group in serum cortisol levels or in skin thickness measurements. Intermittent FP applied two times per week maintained a significant level of control, and delayed relapse of AD by comparison with placebo.
Adenosine is crucial for deep brain stimulation–mediated attenuation of tremor
Authors: Lane Bekar, Witold Libionka, Guo-Feng Tian, Qiwu Xu, Arnulfo Torres, Xiaohai Wang, Ditte Lovatt, Erika Williams, Takahiro Takano, Jurgen Schnermann, Robert Bakos, Maiken Nedergaard
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Engulfment of cerebral apoptotic bodies controls the course of prion disease in a mouse strain–dependent manner
Authors: Jan Kranich, Nike Julia Krautler, Jeppe Falsig, Boris Ballmer, Shulei Li, Gregor Hutter, Petra Schwarz, Rita Moos, Christian Julius, Gino Miele, Adriano Aguzzi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Progressive accumulation of PrP(Sc), a hallmark of prion diseases, occurs when conversion of PrP(C) into PrP(Sc) is faster than PrP(Sc) clearance. Engulfment of apoptotic bodies by phagocytes is mediated by Mfge8 (milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8). In this study, we show that brain Mfge8 is primarily produced by astrocytes. Mfge8 ablation induced accelerated prion disease and reduced clearance of cerebellar apoptotic bodies in vivo, as well as excessive PrP(Sc) accumulation and increased prion titers in prion-infected C57BL/6 × 129Sv mice and organotypic cerebellar slices derived therefrom. These phenotypes correlated with the presence of 129Sv genomic markers in hybrid mice and were not observed in inbred C57BL/6 Mfge8(-/-) mice, suggesting the existence of additional strain-specific genetic modifiers. Because Mfge8 receptors are expressed by microglia and depletion of microglia increases PrP(Sc) accumulation in organotypic cerebellar slices, we conclude that engulfment of apoptotic bodies by microglia may be an important pathway of prion clearance controlled by astrocyte-borne Mfge8.
Regression of gastric high grade mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma after Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: C Montalban
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Most low grade gastric lymphomas arising from the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) are related to <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> colonisation. Cases with disease limited to the stomach can be cured after <i>H pylori</i> eradication and remain in remission for years. In contrast, high grade lymphomas of the stomach, although also related to<i>H pylori</i>, do not usually respond to eradication treatment. <h3>CASE REPORT</h3> A 36 year old patient was referred from another hospital with a diagnosis of a low grade gastric MALT lymphoma associated with <i>H pylori</i>. The patient was in stage I and while waiting for the biopsies to be reviewed <i>H pylori</i> eradication therapy was given as the first step of treatment. Review of the biopsies showed a high grade immunoblastic lymphoma with areas of low grade gastric MALT lymphoma (high grade gastric MALT lymphoma or diffuse large B cell lymphoma with areas of MALT type lymphoma of the WHO classification). The patient received no further treatment but has been closely followed up for 32 months with sequential endoscopies to obtain biopsies for histological studies, <i>H pylori</i> cultures, and polymerase chain reaction analysis of the IgH gene. <h3>RESULTS</h3> After<i>H pylori</i> eradication the patient had a complete histological response that has been maintained for 32 months. Monoclonal IgH gene rearrangement persisted for 32 months. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The response of this patient indicates the possibility that some cases of high grade gastric MALT lymphoma (possibly patients in stage I with a superficial or limited disease) may still be responsive to<i>H pylori</i> antigenic drive and may be cured with eradication therapy. Prospective studies should be performed to identify patients with high grade gastric MALT lymphomas that may respond to eradication therapy and be spared of other more aggressive treatments.
Long-Term Patency of Internal Mammary Artery Bypass Grafts
Authors: Alexandre Berger, Philip A. MacCarthy, Uwe Siebert, Stéphane Carlier, William Wijns, Guy Heyndrickx, Jozef Bartunek, Hugo Vanermen, Bernard De Bruyne
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Internal mammary artery conduits (IMA) have an excellent long-term patency rate. Nevertheless, graft closure does occur and significantly limits future revascularization options. We sought to investigate the relationship between the long-term patency of IMA with clinical and angiographic parameters. Particularly, the preoperative degree of stenosis of the relevant bypassed coronary vessel was assessed to analyze the importance of chronic competitive flow on the arterial graft closure rate. Methods and Results— Consecutive patients in whom occlusion of at least 1 IMA had been documented at angiography (OCC group) were compared with a group of patients with patent IMA grafts (PAT group). The degree of stenosis in the native coronary artery on which the IMA was placed was analyzed by off-line quantitative coronary angiography. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression was used to identify independent clinical and angiographic predictors of occlusion. The OCC group comprised 96 patients (67±10 years) with 103 native bypassed arteries analyzed. The PAT group comprised 127 patients (69±8 years) with 170 native bypassed arteries analyzed. Both groups were similar except for gender (42% versus 32% female; P =0.04), height (166±8 versus 169±8 cm; P =0.006), minimum lumen diameter (0.76±0.7 versus 0.51±0.5; P =0.001), and diameter stenosis of the native artery (73±25% versus 84±16%; P &lt;0.0001) in OCC versus PAT, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, only percent diameter stenosis was an independent and statistically significant predictor for graft patency. Among IMA placed on coronary arteries with a diameter of stenosis &lt;50% (n=28), the occlusion rate was very high (79%). Conclusion— The degree of stenosis in the native vessel is a major predictor of internal mammary artery bypass graft patency. The association between nonsignificant stenosis of the native artery and high occlusion rate of the arterial bypass conduit raises concerns about the use of IMA in the treatment of native vessels with only mild or moderate stenosis.
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: W. H. Wang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

Background: The relationship between the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, and the risk of gastric cancer has not been well studied. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to evaluate the association between use of this class of drugs and the risk of gastric cancer. Methods: A fully recursive literature search to January 2003 was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, and CANCERLIT to identify potentially relevant case-control or cohort studies. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated under a random-effects model. Results: Nine studies (eight case-control and one cohort) with a total of 2831 gastric cancer case patients were identified. NSAID use was associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer, with a summary odds ratio of 0.78 (95% CI = 0.69 to 0.87). Users of aspirin (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.63 to 0.86) and non-aspirin NSAIDs (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.55 to 1.00) experienced similar magnitudes of risk reduction. Regular users of NSAIDs (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.44 to 0.74) experienced a lower risk of gastric cancer relative to nonusers than did irregular users (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.94; P = .09 versus regular users). A stratified analysis showed that NSAID use was associated with a statistically significant reduction in risk of noncardia gastric cancer (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.89), but not of gastric cancer at the cardia (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.53 to 1.20). There was no evidence that study design or type of control subject substantially influenced the estimate of effects. Conclusion: NSAID use was associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer in a dose-dependent manner. This finding warrants proper clinical trials in populations with high risk of gastric cancer.
Combining Biologic Therapies With Other Systemic Treatments in Psoriasis
Authors: April W. Armstrong, Jerry Bagel, Abby S. Van Voorhees, Andrew D. Robertson, Paul S. Yamauchi
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

While monotherapy with biologic agents is effective for many patients with psoriasis, some patients require combination therapy. Evidence-based recommendations on combination therapy provide guidance for treating appropriately selected patients with psoriasis.To make evidence-based, best-practice recommendations regarding combining biologics with other systemic treatments, including phototherapy, oral medications, or other biologics, for psoriasis treatment.We searched the MEDLINE database for studies from January 1, 1946, to June 18, 2013, that evaluated therapies combining biologics with phototherapy, oral medications, or other biologic agents. The Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation arrived at best-practice recommendations through group discussion and voting.Few trials evaluated the efficacy and safety of combination therapies in moderate to severe psoriasis. Combining biologics, such as etanercept or adalimumab, with phototherapy likely results in greater reduction in disease severity than either alone. Etanercept and methotrexate combination is more effective than monotherapy with either medication. A combination of infliximab with methotrexate results in greater efficacy than infliximab alone. With concomitant use of acitretin, the dosing of etanercept can be reduced to maintain similar levels of efficacy. Short-term cyclosporine use has been combined with etanercept or adalimumab to control psoriasis flares. Based on the expert opinion of the Medical Board of the National Psoriasis Foundation, the preferred order for combining a second modality with biologics is biologic and methotrexate combination, biologic and acitretin combination, and then biologic and phototherapy combination. In the psoriasis literature, there are overall insufficient data on combining biologics with acitretin, cyclosporine, or a second biologic.Among appropriately selected patients with psoriasis, carefully chosen combinations may result in greater efficacy, while minimizing toxicity.
Treatment preference discussion in oncology outpatient clinic.
Authors: Syed Sameer Nasir, Mansoor Ul Haq, Manjari Pandey, Osarenren Ogbeide, Obiageli Uchenna Ogbata, Drew Sterling Dill, Katheryn M Ryder, Alva Bowen Weir
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

106 Background: Often end of life discussions are either not held in a timely manner or remain poorly communicated when outpatients are transferred to hospital care. This leads to unwarranted and costly interventions. Methods: In an academic oncology clinic we developed an electronic medical record (EMR) template that listed important information for management decisions, including life expectancy, goals of management and specific patient treatment preferences (ventilator support, tube feedings, transfusions, do-not-resuscitate (DNR) wishes, etc.). The completed note was placed in an easily retrievable location in patients’ electronic charts. Clinic charts were reviewed one week ahead of visits to identify patients who were within the last year of life and a pop up reminder for the treating physician was placed in the EMR. The physicians who admitted our patients to the hospital were educated on utilization of the template notice. We compared the percentage of patients with advanced directives or treatment preference notes before the intervention with the percentage 1½ years after the intervention was begun. We utilized a cross-sectional, self-administered survey to compare in-patient physician responses before and after implementation of the intervention to evaluate the in-hospital utility of the intervention. Results: Easily accessible treatment preference or advanced directive discussions with patients in their last year of life increased from 32% to 55% (p =0.004) with the intervention. Results of the survey also showed improved understanding of patient’s wishes for DNR status (26.9% vs 52.6%, p = 0.08) among admitting physicians. Conclusions: The development of an easily utilized EMR template to record the treatment preferences of patients near the end of life, with an EMR accountability instrument, improved both documentation of discussion and physician understanding of patient treatment preferences when patients were transferred from outpatient to inpatient care. We hypothesize that this intervention will lead to a decline in costly and unwanted interventions for patients near the end of life, and plan to test this hypothesis with further outcomes measures.
Disseminated mucormycosis presenting with lower extremity weakness
Authors: WR von Pohle
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Mucormycosis is an uncommon, but important opportunistic fungal infection. The most commonly reported areas of infection are pulmonary, rhinocerebral and cutaneous. It has only rarely been reported to cause peripheral neurological symptoms. This report presents the case of a patient who presented with ascending paralysis due to pulmonary mucormycosis. The presentation is believed to be due to a lesion which abutted the vertebral column and caused infarction of the spinal cord.
Stereo nonmydriatic digital-video color retinal imaging compared with Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study seven standard field 35-mm stereo color photos for determining level of diabetic retinopathy11The Joslin Vision Network Research Team consists of Rita Botti; Dahlia K. Bursell, Richard M. Calderon, OD; W. Kelley Gardner, BS; Richard Jackson, MD; Paula Katalinic, B. Optom.; Vincent O’Brien, BS; Philip M. Silver, OD; James Strong, BS; Ann Tolson, BA.
Authors: Sven-Erik Bursell, Jerry D Cavallerano, Anthony A Cavallerano, Allen C Clermont, Deborah Birkmire-Peters, Lloyd Paul Aiello, Lloyd M Aiello
Journal: Ophthalmology (2001)
Endoscopic transpapillary biopsies and intraductal ultrasonography in the diagnostics of bile duct strictures: a prospective study
Authors: D Domagk, C Poremba, K-H Dietl, N Senninger, A Heinecke, W Domschke, J Menzel
Journal: Gut (2002)

In bile duct strictures, examination of wall layers by intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) performed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be diagnostically useful.In the present study 60 patients with bile duct strictures of unknown aetiology were examined preoperatively by ERCP, including transpapillary biopsies and IDUS. Histopathological correlation was available for all patients undergoing these procedures.Postoperative diagnosis revealed 30 pancreatic carcinomas, 17 bile duct cancers, three gall bladder cancers, and 10 benign bile duct strictures. Using endoscopic transpapillary forceps biopsies (ETP), a correct preoperative diagnosis was achieved in 36 of 60 patients (60% of cases). Among the 50 malignant tumours, preoperative diagnosis by ETP revealed a sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 100%. ERCP supplemented by IDUS allowed for correct preoperative diagnosis in 83% of cases (50 of 60 patients), which was significantly higher than the accuracy of ETP (p=0.008). By combining ETP with IDUS, a correct preoperative diagnosis was made in 59 of 60 patients resulting in an accuracy rate of 98%.Because of its low accuracy, exclusive use of ETP is not a reliable diagnostic tool for a definitive preoperative diagnosis of bile duct strictures. By combining IDUS and ETP with ERCP however, preoperative diagnostic accuracy can be improved substantially.
FIBROBLAST INTERFERON IN HBsAg-POSITIVE CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS
Authors: W. Weimar, R.A. Heijtink, S.W. Schalm, M. Van Blankenstein, H. Schellekens, N. Masurel, V.G. Edy, A. Billiau, P. De Somer
Journal: The Lancet (1977)
Early changes in extracellular potassium in ischemic rabbit myocardium. The role of extracellular carbon dioxide accumulation and diffusion.
Authors: W E Cascio, G X Yan, A G Kléber
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The role of local accumulation and diffusion of CO2 to modify cellular loss and extracellular accumulation of K+ during the initial, reversible phase of myocardial ischemia was investigated in isolated, cylindrical papillary muscles of the rabbit. The muscles were blood-perfused through their vascular tree and placed in a (permanently flowing) humidified gas mixture with predetermined partial pressures of N2, O2, and CO2. Ischemia was produced by total arrest of perfusion and O2 withdrawal from the gas mixture. With surface PCO2 kept constant during ischemia, [K+]o varied markedly with muscle geometry. After 10 minutes of ischemia, K+ accumulation was approximately 2.5 mM in muscles with a radius of 0.35 mm and approximately 14 mM in muscles with a radius of 0.9 mm, indicating that a large fraction of K+ accumulation was dependent on diffusion of a volatile metabolite. Computer simulation of CO2 accumulation and diffusion within a tissue cylinder suggested a close phenomenological relation between PCO2 and [K+]o in ischemia. This was confirmed by the finding that an increase of tissue PCO2 in small cylinders before or during ischemia by externally applied CO2 produced an increase in K+ accumulation. The importance of CO2 diffusion for local inhomogeneities in K+ within the same preparation was demonstrated by showing [K+]o gradients with simultaneous or consecutive measurements between the papillary muscle cylinders and the adjacent septum and within 300 microns from the surface of the papillary muscle cylinders. These gradients predict an inhomogeneity of impulse conduction that might contribute to the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias. Besides the demonstration that accumulation and diffusion introduce inhomogeneities of [K+]o in ischemia, our results suggest that a significant component of cellular ischemic K+ loss is associated with production and extrusion of metabolic acid. On the basis of previous measurements of pHo and pHi in identical conditions, possible mechanisms of ischemic cellular K+ loss are discussed.
Complement anaphylatoxin C5a contributes to hemodialysis-associated thrombosis
Authors: Ioannis Kourtzelis, Maciej M. Markiewski, Michael Doumas, Stavros Rafail, Konstantinos Kambas, Ioannis Mitroulis, Stelios Panagoutsos, Ploumis Passadakis, Vasilios Vargemezis, Paola Magotti, Hongchang Qu, Tom Eirik Mollnes, Konstantinos Ritis, John D. Lambris
Journal: Blood (2010)
Effectiveness of post-match recovery strategies in rugby players: Figure 1
Authors: N D Gill, C M Beaven, C Cook
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of four interventions on the rate and magnitude of muscle damage recovery, as measured by creatine kinase (CK). Methods: 23 elite male rugby players were monitored transdermally before, immediately after, 36 hours after, and 84 hours after competitive rugby matches. Players were randomly assigned to complete one of four post-match strategies: contrast water therapy (CWT), compression garment (GAR), low intensity active exercise (ACT), and passive recovery (PAS). Results: Significant increases in CK activity in transdermal exudate were observed as a result of the rugby match (p&lt;0.01). The magnitude of recovery in the PAS intervention was significantly worse than in the ACT, CWT, and GAR interventions at the 36 and 84 hour time points (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: An enhanced rate and magnitude of recovery was observed in the ACT, CWT, and GAR treatment groups when compared with the PAS group. Low impact exercise immediately post-competition, wearing compression garments, or carrying out contrast water therapy enhanced CK clearance more than passive recovery in young male athletes.
On the Use of the Chloride of Lime in Diseases Attended with Contagious discharge
Authors: C. R. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1844)

USE OF CHLORIDE OF LIME.2. A locpl shock (puncture) arrests the circulation in the pats to which the nerves affected by it are dis.tributd.3. A puncture tends to restore the capillary circula- tion already arrested, to the parts in its vicinity.4. A puncture exerts its action on the nerves of the prt, which is reflected on the branches arising from the same trunks with themselves. 4Thecirculation of the capillaries, arrested by a shock, may be restored independently of the influence of the spinal nerves.-6.The spinal nerves, when irritated at their extre- mities are capable of arresting, and, shortly after, restoring the velocity of the.capillary circulation.An obvious question arises at this stage of the inves- tigtion.Which set of spinal nerves is it that exerts tl'p influence over the circulation of the capillary yves.ls?TP determine whether the sensitive or motor nerves were concerned, or both, the sensibility, only, of a limb wls arrested by acupuncture throuigh the spinal cord, at the dorsal region, and exactly in the median linbeZy this expedient, not only the sensitive but, in one instance, tle excito-motor function ceased, for, on prickingthbe thighs, not the slightest convulsive muovement followed.On examining the circulation, it was found unaltered; nor was it affected by puncture of the webs, an operation unattended by the slightest manifestation of pain.The current appeared somewhat retarded, how- ever, immediately around the puncture.The above experiment was made three times.The next experiment consisted in arresting the motor function by the introduction of a needle at the roots'of the motor nerves on the right side.Paralysis