tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nucleophosmin Redistribution following Heat Shock: A Role in Heat-Induced Radiosensitization
Authors: Robert P. Vanderwaal, Leonard B. Maggi, Jason D. Weber, Clayton R. Hunt, Joseph L. Roti Roti
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Cellular survival from radiation-induced DNA damage requires access to sites of damage for the assembly of repair complexes and the subsequent repair, particularly the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Hyperthermia causes changes in protein-protein/DNA interactions in the nucleus that block access to sites of DNA damage. Studies presented here indicate that the nucleolar protein, nucleophosmin (NPM), redistributes from the nucleolus following hyperthermia, increases its association with DNA, and blocks access to DNA DSBs. Reduction of NPM significantly reduces heat-induced radiosensitization, but reduced NPM level does not alter radiation sensitivity per se. NPM knockdown reduces heat-induced inhibition of DNA DSB repair. Also, these results suggest that NPM associates with nuclear matrix attachment region DNA in heat-shocked cells.
Pulmonary vein thrombosis after bilobectomy and development of collateral circulation
Authors: P R Genta
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Pulmonary vein thrombosis is a rare but potentially life threatening complication following lobectomy or bilobectomy. We present a case of right upper pulmonary vein thrombosis after a middle and lower lobectomy diagnosed at transoesophageal echocardiography. The patient was treated with antibiotics and anticoagulation with good recovery. Pulmonary angiography was performed 35 days after surgery and revealed the venous return of the right lung through the intercostal veins. Despite double venous drainage of the lungs consisting of bronchial and pulmonary veins, pulmonary to systemic collaterals following pulmonary vein thrombosis have not previously been reported. The development of this shunt can prevent gangrene, and surgical resection of the lung segment involved can be avoided.
Abstract 403: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biopsy-proven Myocarditis: Lack of Relationship With Clinical Presentation and Viral Etiology
Authors: Martina Perazzolo Marra, Annalisa Angelini, Luisa Cacciavillani, Corbetti Francesco, Manuel De Lazzari, Zilio Filippo, Angelo Ramondo, Giuseppe Tarantini, Giovanni Boffa, Gaetano Thiene, Sabino Iliceto, Alida Linda Patrizia Caforio
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Basal cell carcinoma — molecular biology and potential new therapies
Authors: Maria Kasper, Viljar Jaks, Daniel Hohl, Rune Toftgård
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin, the most common malignancy in individuals of mixed European descent, is increasing in incidence due to an aging population and sun exposure habits. The realization that aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling is a pathognomonic feature of BCC development has opened the way for exciting progress toward understanding BCC biology and translation of this knowledge to the clinic. Genetic mouse models closely mimicking human BCCs have provided answers about the tumor cell of origin, and inhibition of Hedgehog signaling is emerging as a potentially useful targeted therapy for patients with advanced or multiple BCCs that have hitherto lacked effective treatment.
Antiphosphocholine antibodies found in normal mouse serum are protective against intravenous infection with type 3 streptococcus pneumoniae.
Authors: D E Briles, M Nahm, K Schroer, J Davie, P Baker, J Kearney, R Barletta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

The antiphosphocholine (PC) antibody in normal mouse sera (NMS) provides protection against intravenous infection with encapsulated strain WU2 of type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mice unable to make anti-PC antibody, as a result of suppression with anti-T-15 idiotype or inheritance of the xid gene of CAB/N mice, are highly susceptible to infection with strain WU2. Mice inheriting the xid gene can be protected with NMS from immunologically normal mice or with IgM hybridoma anti-PC antibody. The protective effect of NMS can be removed with PC-containing immunoabsorbents.
Not all farming environments protect against the development of asthma and wheeze in children
Authors: Markus Johannes Ege, Remo Frei, Christian Bieli, Dieneke Schram-Bijkerk, Marco Waser, Marcus R. Benz, Gertraud Weiss, Fredrik Nyberg, Marianne van Hage, Göran Pershagen, Bert Brunekreef, Josef Riedler, Roger Lauener, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Erika von Mutius
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Double-Blind Comparison of Full and Partial Anemia Correction in Incident Hemodialysis Patients without Symptomatic Heart Disease
Authors: Patrick S. Parfrey, Robert N. Foley, Barbara H. Wittreich, Daniel J. Sullivan, Martin J. Zagari, Dieter Frei
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

It is unclear whether physiologic hemoglobin targets lead to cardiac benefit in incident hemodialysis patients without symptomatic heart disease and left ventricular dilation. In this randomized, double-blind study, lower (9.5 to 11.5 g/dl) and higher (13.5 to 14.5 g/dl) hemoglobin targets were generated with epoetin alpha over 24 wk and maintained for an additional 72 wk. Major eligibility criteria included recent hemodialysis initiation and absence of symptomatic cardiac disease and left ventricular dilation. The primary outcome measure was left ventricular volume index (LVVI). The study enrolled 596 patients. Mean age, duration of dialysis therapy, baseline predialysis hemoglobin, and LVVI were 50.8 yr, 0.8 yr, 11.0 g/dl, and 69 ml/m2, respectively; 18% had diabetic nephropathy. Mean hemoglobin levels in the higher and lower target groups were 13.3 and 10.9 g/dl, respectively, at 24 wk. Percentage changes in LVVI between baseline and last value were similar (7.6% in the higher and 8.3% in the lower target group) as were the changes in left ventricular mass index (16.8 versus 14.2%). For the secondary outcomes, the only between-group difference was an improved SF-36 Vitality score in the higher versus the lower target group (1.21 versus -2.31; P = 0.036). Overall adverse event rates were similar in both target groups; higher (P < 0.05) rates of skeletal pain, surgery, and dizziness were seen in the lower target group, and headache and cerebrovascular events were seen in the higher target group. Normalization of hemoglobin in incident hemodialysis patients does not have a beneficial effect on cardiac structure, compared with partial correction.
Thoracoscore fails to predict complications following elective lung resection
Authors: Amy Bradley, Andrea Marshall, Mahmoud Abdelaziz, Khalid Hussain, Paula Agostini, Ehab Bishay, Maninder Kalkat, Richard Steyn, Pala Rajesh, Janet Dunn, Babu Naidu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The Thoracoscore mortality risk model has been incorporated into the British Thoracic Society guidelines on the radical management of patients with lung cancer. The discriminative and predictive ability to predict mortality and post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in this group of patients is uncertain. A prospective observational study was carried out on all patients following lung resection via thoracotomy in a regional thoracic centre over 42 months. 128 out of 703 subjects developed a PPC. 16 (2%) patients died in hospital. In a logistic regression analysis the Thoracoscore was not a significant predictor of mortality (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.99-1.17; p=0.11) but was a significant predictor of PPCs (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03-1.13; p=0.002). However, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve for the Thoracoscore was 0.68 (95% CI 0.56-0.80) for predicting mortality and 0.64 (95% CI 0.59-0.69) for PPCs, indicating limited discriminative ability. In a logistic regression analysis, another risk model, the European Society Objective Score, was predictive of mortality (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.11-1.83; p=0.006) and PPCs (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.30-1.68; p<0.0001). Therefore, Thoracoscore may have poor discriminative and predictive ability for mortality and PPCs following elective lung resection.
Should tuberculosis treatment and control be addressed differently in HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals?
Authors: R. A. Dlodlo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Infection with HIV drives the tuberculosis epidemic, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where up to 75% of individuals with tuberculosis are co-infected with HIV. This article reviews the epidemiological link between the conditions, how tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment differ between HIV-infected <i>versus</i> -uninfected individuals and the span of additional measures required to prevent and control HIV-related tuberculosis. Tuberculosis chemotherapy using standard short-course regimens is highly effective in both groups, and treatment follows the same principles. It differs in certain aspects, such as when antiretroviral treatment should be started in HIV-infected individuals with tuberculosis and consideration of drug–drug interactions between the rifamycins and certain antiretroviral drugs. Control of HIV-related tuberculosis requires, fundamentally, control of HIV transmission. Meanwhile, it is necessary to make concentrated efforts to intensify high-quality tuberculosis services employing the directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) strategy, carry out extensive research towards an evidence-based model for the expanded scope of collaborative tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS interventions, and ensure efficient implementation of the findings and recommended policies. The challenge is gigantic, and both robust within-country and international leadership and competent management capabilities will be required, in addition to substantial human and financial resources.
Use of a Decision Aid to Help Caregivers Discuss Terminal Disease Status With a Family Member With Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Young Ho Yun, Myung Kyung Lee, Sohee Park, Jung Lim Lee, Jeanno Park, Youn Seon Choi, Yeun Keun Lim, Sam Yong Kim, Hyun Sik Jeong, Jung Hun Kang, Ho-Suk Oh, Ji Chan Park, Si-Young Kim, Hong Suk Song, Jungsil Ro, Keun Seok Lee, Dae Seog Heo, Young Seon Hong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

We tested whether a decision aid explaining how to discuss the approach of death with a family member with cancer would help family caregivers decide to discuss a terminal prognosis.We randomly assigned caregivers of terminally ill patients with cancer to a group that received a video and a companion workbook that showed either how they can discuss the prognosis with their patient (experimental arm) or how cancer pain can be controlled (control arm). At baseline and 1 month, we evaluated the decision to discuss terminal prognosis as the primary outcome. At 0, 1, 3, and 6 months, we assessed the caregivers' decisional conflict and satisfaction as secondary outcomes using a Decision Conflict Scale (DCS).We found no difference in changes in the decision to discuss terminal prognosis between the two groups. Conflict (P = .003), uncertainty (P = .019), and value clarity (P = .007) subscale scores and total DCS score (P = .008) improved from baseline to 1 month significantly more in the experimental arm than in the control arm. Over 6 months, the significant between-group differences continued for the conflict (P = .031), uncertainty (P = .014), and value clarity (P = .039) subscale scores and total DCS score (P = .040).Decision aids can help caregivers, with the aid of trained professionals, to communicate with patients about their terminal illness.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Perichondrium Express Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule and Participate in Bone Marrow Formation
Authors: Fumio Arai, Osamu Ohneda, Takeshi Miyamoto, Xiu Qin Zhang, Toshio Suda
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Perichondrium in fetal limb is composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. However, the multipotency of cells in this region and the role of perichondrium in bone marrow formation are not well understood. In this report, we purified and characterized perichondrial cells using a monoclonal antibody against activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and investigated the role of perichondrial cells in hematopoietic bone marrow formation. ALCAM is expressed on hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells, bone marrow stromal cells, and mesenchymal stem cells and mediates homophilic (ALCAM–ALCAM)/heterophilic (ALCAM-CD6) cell adhesion. Here we show by immunohistochemical staining that ALCAM is expressed in perichondrium. ALCAM+ perichondrial cells isolated by FACS® exhibit the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. ALCAM+ cells can differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and stromal cells, which can support osteoclastogenesis, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the addition of ALCAM-Fc or CD6-Fc to the metatarsal culture, the invasion of the blood vessels to a cartilage was inhibited. Our findings indicate that ALCAM+ perichondrial cells participate in vascular invasion by recruiting osteoclasts and vessels. These findings suggest that perichondrium might serve as a stem cell reservoir and play an important role in the early development of a bone and bone marrow.
Health-Related Quality of Life and Mortality in a General and Elderly Population of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (ZODIAC-18)
Authors: Gijs W.D. Landman, Kornelis J.J. van Hateren, Nanne Kleefstra, Klaas H. Groenier, Rijk O.B. Gans, Henk J.G. Bilo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Diabetes negatively impacts the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with type 2 diabetes. An earlier analysis showed HRQOL to be associated with mortality, which suggests that measuring HRQOL could have clinical implications. We studied the association between HRQOL and total and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes during long-term follow-up and specifically focused on old age and sex differences. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS HRQOL was measured in a prospectively followed cohort of 1,353 patients with type 2 diabetes using the RAND-36. Cox proportional hazard models were used to measure the independent effect of baseline HRQOL on mortality. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 9.6 years, 570 (42%) patients died, 280 of whom died of cardiovascular disease (49%). The Physical Component Score (PCS) and the Mental Component Score (MCS) were inversely associated with total mortality, with hazard ratios of 0.988 (95% CI 0.983–0.993) and 0.990 (95% CI 0.985–0.995), respectively. A 10-point-higher score on the PCS and MCS decreased the risk for total mortality by 11 and 10%, respectively. An inverse relationship with mortality was also seen for men, women, and for patients aged &amp;gt;75 years. Mental health was significantly related to mortality in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS Lower physical and mental HRQOL was associated with a higher total mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes; this is also the case when studying men and women and the elderly separately. The dimension mental health, related to depression and anxiety, was only associated with mortality in men, not in women.
Fibronectin receptors of phagocytes. Characterization of the Arg-Gly-Asp binding proteins of human monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Authors: E J Brown, J L Goodwin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

We have defined the cell surface molecules of human monocytes and PMN that bind to the chymotryptic cell binding domain of Fn and to a synthetic peptide, KYAVTGRGDS, based on the sequence of Fn, by affinity chromatography. Monocytes express two receptors that differ in their affinity for CBD-Sepharose and peptide-Sepharose, but that both recognize the RGD sequence. Only a single receptor is purified from PMN, which resembles the monocyte surface molecule that binds to peptide-Sepharose. These receptors are not part of the Mac-1, LFA-1, p(150,95) family, but do have homology to the platelet Fn receptor, gpIIb/IIIa. Interestingly, the antigenic crossreactivity between gpIIb/IIIa and the phagocyte receptors purified on peptide-Sepharose is largely in the beta chain of the receptors. The alpha chains appear to be distinct, based on molecular weight, antigenic analysis, and ligand specificity. This receptor also seems to be the surface molecule on monocytes that is critical for phagocytosis enhancement by Fn. Thus, we have defined the phagocyte Fn receptor that transduces the signal for increased phagocytosis by monocytes; it may be a third member of a family of adhesion molecules that includes the gpIIb/IIIa of platelets and the vitronectin receptor of fibroblasts.
Pulmonary aspergillosis: A survey of its occurrence in patients with chronic lung disease and a discussion of the significance of diagnostic tests
Authors: A. H. Henderson, M. P. English, R. J. Vecht
Journal: Thorax (1968)

The occurrence of pulmonary aspergillosis and of precipitins, positive skin tests, and sputum containing abundant <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> has been assessed and correlated in a survey of 107 consecutive patients attending hospital in Bristol with various chronic chest diseases. The series included three with aspergilloma, five with allergic aspergillosis, and one with chronic invasive aspergillosis. Of 46 asthmatic patients, 11% had definite and 22% had probable or definite allergic aspergillosis. Seven patients (15%) in the asthmatic group were found to have chronic upper lobe contraction, probably attributable to long-standing allergic aspergillosis. One of these patients developed aspergilloma, and another, invasive aspergillosis. The significance of precipitins is discussed, based on the survey patients together with 21 additional patients who had aspergillosis but were from outside the survey. In the survey patients without definite aspergillosis, precipitins and positive sputum were significantly associated and were found most commonly in patients with asthma, bronchiectasis, or cavitated lungs. Two patients with invasive aspergillosis who had weak precipitins are reported. We think that precipitins reflect recent or continuing fungal growth in body tissues or within damaged bronchi, and that their presence can be a useful indication of occult fungal colonization, which might rarely become invasive if host resistance were lowered as by steroids. Allergic aspergillosis is a more common condition and a more frequent cause of upper lobe damage than has been appreciated.
COLICINE K
Authors: Tsunehisa Amano, Walther F. Goebel, Elizabeth Miller Smidth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

By immunological means it has been shown that colicine K is associated with the O antigen of the colicinogenic bacillus E. coli K(235) L(+)OC(+). The colicine K-O antigen complex elicits the formation of at least two types of antibodies, one a precipitin, the other a colicine-neutralizing antibody. The first precipitates colicine K without neutralizing it, the second neutralizes the colicine without precipitating it. Unlike the purified colicine K complex, the colicine protein component of the O antigen is precipitable by the neutralizing antibody. There is no demonstrable serological relationship between colicine K and phage T(6). These two agents must be considered to be separate and distinct entities.
Disruption of either the Nfkb1 or the Bcl3 gene inhibits skeletal muscle atrophy
Authors: R. Bridge Hunter, Susan C. Kandarian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The intracellular signals that mediate skeletal muscle protein loss and functional deficits due to muscular disuse are just beginning to be elucidated. Previously we showed that the activity of an NF-κB–dependent reporter gene was markedly increased in unloaded muscles, and p50 and Bcl-3 proteins were implicated in this induction. In the present study, mice with a knockout of the p105/p50 (Nfkb1) gene are shown to be resistant to the decrease in soleus fiber cross-sectional area that results from 10 days of hindlimb unloading. Furthermore, the marked unloading-induced activation of the NF-κB reporter gene in soleus muscles from WT mice was completely abolished in soleus muscles from Nfkb1 knockout mice. Knockout of the B cell lymphoma 3 (Bcl3) gene also showed an inhibition of fiber atrophy and an abolition of NF-κB reporter activity. With unloading, fast fibers from WT mice atrophied to a greater extent than slow fibers. Resistance to atrophy in both strains of knockout mice was demonstrated clearly in fast fibers, while slow fibers from only the Bcl3–/– mice showed atrophy inhibition. The slow-to-fast shift in myosin isoform expression due to unloading was also abolished in both Nfkb1 and Bcl3 knockout mice. Like the soleus muscles, plantaris muscles from Nfkb1–/– and Bcl3–/– mice also showed inhibition of atrophy with unloading. Thus both the Nfkb1 and the Bcl3 genes are necessary for unloading-induced atrophy and the associated phenotype transition.
Gastrin levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with lung cancer: comparison with patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: A. Dowlati, T. Bury, J. L. Corhay, T. Weber, A. Lamproye, P. Mendes, M. Radermecker
Journal: Thorax (1996)

The gastrin gene is known to be expressed in all classes of bronchogenic carcinomas. Furthermore, high levels of gastrin have been reported in both the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum of patients with lung cancer. Based on these preliminary data a study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of gastrin measurements in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.Thirty-five patients with lung cancer (26 non-small cell (NSCLC) and nine small cell (SCLC)) and 25 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy and BAL. Gastrin levels were determined in both BAL fluid and the serum and compared with each other and with staging.No difference was found between the gastrin levels in the BAL fluid or serum of the study groups. There was no correlation with the stage in NSCLC and no correlation was found between the gastrin levels in the serum and the BAL fluid. A significant difference was seen in gastrin levels in BAL fluid between extensive and limited SCLC (p < 0.05).There is no evidence of clinical usefulness for gastrin measurements in lung cancer.
Femoral neck stress fracture: the importance of clinical suspicion and early review
Authors: T M Clough
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

Stress fracture of the femoral neck is rare and often initially missed. A high index of clinical suspicion is required in athletes presenting with a history of insidious onset, exertional groin pain and pain at the extremes of hip motion on examination. Regular review is recommended to prevent progression of the stress fracture to a displaced fracture, as this significantly worsens long term outcome.