tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
5-Hydroxytryptamine and tryptamine pathways in scleroderma
Authors: A. STACHOW, S. JABLONSKA, A. SKIENDZIELEWSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, indoleacetic acid and total indoles were determined in the urine of 23 patients with systemic scleroderma and 7 patients with cutaneous scleroderma, before and after peroral loading with L-tryptophan (0-1 g/kg body weight). Before loading, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels were normal in nearly all cases of systemic scleroderma as well as of cutaneous scleroderma; however after loading, in nearly one half of cases there was no normal increase of this metabolite. These results suggest impaired transformation of serotonin into 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. A disproportionately high ratio of total indoles to indoleacetic acid suggests the presence of excess of tryptamine. The results of the study may indicate that in scleroderma metabolism of biogenic amines derived from tryptophan is abnormal, probably as a result of impaired activity of monoamine oxidase.
Penicillium Granuloma of the Lung Presenting as a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
Authors: George A. Liebler
Journal: JAMA (1977)

PENICILLIUM infections are seldom of clinical importance, but there have been reports in the literature of<i>Penicillium</i>infections of the ear, feet, urinary bladder, and lung.<sup>1</sup><i>Penicillium</i>is classified under the class Ascomycetes, with the best known form being<i>Penicillium notatum</i>, from which penicillin is obtained. We report a pure<i>Penicillium</i>infection of the lung that presented as a coin lesion. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 34-year-old man was referred for evaluation of a solitary pulmonary nodule in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe of the lung. The patient was entirely asymptomatic, and the lesion was found on routine chest roentgenogram (Figure). He gave a history of smoking one pack of cigarettes per day for 20 years. He was employed as a machine operator for a rail-road. Serial roentgenograms taken over a two-month period showed no change in the size of the lesion. No calcium was noted
Drug Spotlight on Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
Authors: GEORGE N. AAGAARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Editorial Notes1 January 1975Drug Spotlight on Fluid and Electrolyte TherapyGEORGE N. AAGAARD, M.D.GEORGE N. AAGAARD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-1-114_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFluid and electrolyte abnormalities can become life-threatening in ambulatory or hospitalized patients. Their prevention or prompt and safe correction are a challenge to the hospital and clinic and many health professionals including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and laboratory personnel. Optimal performance requires scientific knowledge, skills, equipment, and facilities coordinated through effective administration. The problem may be straightforward, hypokalemia from chronic diuretic therapy for hypertension; or complex, microbial contamination of intravenous fluids.The Drug Spotlight focuses on these problems during this quarter and suggests one of these questions for study by hospital pharmacy and therapeutic committees:1. Is the fluid and electrolyte... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department of Medicine-RG 20 School of Medicine University of Washignton Seattle, Washington PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1975Volume 82, Issue 1Page: 114-114KeywordsDiureticsDrug therapyDrugsHypertensionPharmacistsResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 January 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Analgesia for Labor
Authors: David J. Birnbach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

In 1992, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Society of Anesthesiologists issued a joint statement on pain during labor that included the following: “Labor results in severe pain for many women. There is no other circumstance where it is considered acceptable for a person to experience severe pain amenable to safe intervention, while under a physician's care.”1 Therefore, many pregnant women are now choosing to receive analgesia to relieve the pain of childbirth. In modern obstetrical anesthesiology, neuraxial (epidural or spinal) analgesia is the preferred technique for pain relief. It is often achieved by the continuous . . .
Fatal Reaction to Sulfobromophthalein
Authors: James L. Stecher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

A 72-year-old retired mechanic was admitted to the hospital with complaints of cramping in the lower extremities for the past 8 years and progressive dyspnea for 3 years. On admission 3 years previously for exertional chest pain and asthma, prominent hepatosplenomegaly was found. Liver-function studies, including a sulfobromophthalein test, were within normal limits. The cause of the hepatosplenomegaly was not determined. Two years before admission he was hospitalized for an episode of severe substernal chest pain, which was diagnosed as a myocardial infarction. He responded well to therapy.The past history showed him to have been a heavy user of . . .
<i>In Utero</i> and Childhood Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Exposures and Body Mass at Age 7 Years: The CHAMACOS Study
Authors: Ayca Erkin-Cakmak, Kim G. Harley, Jonathan Chevrier, Asa Bradman, Katherine Kogut, Karen Huen, Brenda Eskenazi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are lipophilic flame retardants that bioaccumulate in humans. Child serum PBDE concentrations in California are among the highest worldwide. PBDEs may be associated with obesity by disrupting endocrine systems.In this study, we examined whether pre- and postnatal exposure to the components of pentaBDE mixture was associated with childhood obesity in a population of Latino children participating in a longitudinal birth cohort study in the Salinas Valley, California.We measured PBDEs in serum collected from 224 mothers during pregnancy and their children at 7 years of age, and examined associations with body mass index (BMI) at age 7 years.Maternal PBDE serum levels during pregnancy were associated with higher BMI z-scores in boys (BMI z-score βadjusted = 0.26; 95% CI: -0.19, 0.72) but lower scores in girls (BMI z-score βadjusted = -0.41; 95% CI: -0.87, -0.05) at 7 years of age (pinteraction = 0.04). In addition, child's serum BDE-153 concentration (log10), but not other pentaBDE congeners, demonstrated inverse associations with BMI at age 7 years (BMI z-score βadjusted = -1.15; 95% CI: -1.53, -0.77), but there was no interaction by sex.We estimated sex-specific associations with maternal PBDE levels during pregnancy and BMI at 7 years of age, finding positive associations in boys and negative associations in girls. Children's serum BDE-153 concentrations were inversely associated with BMI at 7 years with no difference by sex. Future studies should examine the longitudinal trends in obesity with PBDE exposure and changes in hormonal environment as children transition through puberty, as well as evaluate the potential for reverse causality.
Caring for Internationally Adopted Children
Authors: Laurie C. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Since 1986, families in the United States have adopted more than 125,000 children from other countries. These children, who have usually been in institutional care before adoption, come from countries with many endemic diseases, including hepatitis B, tuberculosis, and infection with intestinal parasites. The children have lived in crowded conditions, sometimes with poor standards of hygiene and inadequate nutrition. Orphanage workers are rarely if ever screened for transmissible diseases. The children themselves are often malnourished, suffer from emotional and physical neglect, and are vulnerable to infectious agents. The Americans who adopt from overseas tend to be middle-class families who reside . . .
The Midsystolic Click and Late Systolic Murmur. Clinical, Electrocardiographic and Hemodynamic Characteristics.
Authors: Robert D. Leachman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971The Midsystolic Click and Late Systolic Murmur. Clinical, Electrocardiographic and Hemodynamic Characteristics.Robert D. Leachman, M.D., Roberto Lufschanowski, M.D., Dennis V. Cokkinos, M.D.Robert D. Leachman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Roberto Lufschanowski, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Dennis V. Cokkinos, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-820_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis communication reviews our experience with the syndrome of midsystolic clicks and late systolic murmur. Twenty-one such patients were studied. Frequent clinical manifestations included palpitations and chest pain. The electrocardiogram was often abnormal, arrhythmias and "ischemic" changes being the common findings. Hemodynamics at rest were invariably normal with no evidence of significant mitral regurgitation. Coronary arteriograms in 10 patients were normal. The left ventricular angiogram in the anteroposterior projection was always characteristic. The mitral annulus was uniformly dilated, resulting in a left ventricle with the shape of a mushroom. A review of similar cases in the pertinent literature indicates that... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Houston, Tex. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByApex cardiogram in patients with prolapsing mitral valve 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 820-820KeywordsAngiographyArrhythmiaElectrocardiographyHemodynamicsIschemiaLeft ventricleMitral insufficiencyStable coronary artery diseaseSystolic ejection murmur Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Atlas of Clinical Sleep Medicine
Authors: Dennis Rosen
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gene delivery of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase improves graft function after transplantation of fatty livers in the rat
Authors: Thorsten G. Lehmann, Michael D. Wheeler, Robert F. Schwabe, Henry D. Connor, Robert Schoonhoven, Hartwig Bunzendahl, David A. Brenner, Jude R. Samulski, Zhi Zhong, Ronald G. Thurman
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Oxygen–derived free radicals play a central role in reperfusion injury after organ transplantation, and fatty livers are particularly susceptible. Endogenous radical scavengers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) degrade these radicals; however, SOD is destroyed rapidly when given exogenously. Therefore, an adenoviral vector encoding the Cu/Zn–SOD gene (Ad.SOD1) was used here to test the hypothesis that organ injury would be reduced and survival increased in a rat model of transplantation of fatty livers. Donors received chow diet (untreated), high–fat diet, or ethanol–containing high–fat diet. Some of the ethanol–fed donors were infected either with the gene lacZ encoding bacterial β–galactosidase (Ad. lacZ ), or Ad.SOD1. After liver transplantation, SOD activity and protein expression in liver, survival, histopathology, release of transaminases, free radical adducts in bile, and activation of NF–κB, IκB kinase (IKK), Jun–N–terminal kinase (JNK), and TNFα were evaluated. Ad.SOD1 treatment increased survival dramatically, blunted transaminase release, and reduced necrosis and apoptosis significantly. Free radical adducts were increased two–fold in the ethanol group compared with untreated controls. Ad.SOD1 blunted this increase and reduced the activation of NF–κB. However, release of TNFα was not affected. Ad.SOD1 also blunted JNK activity after transplantation. This study shows that gene therapy with Ad.SOD1 protects marginal livers from failure after transplantation because of decreased oxygen radical production. Genetic modification of fatty livers using viral vectors represents a new approach to protect marginal grafts against primary nonfunction.
Diagnosis of von Willebrand disease type 2N: A simplified method for measurement of factor VIII binding to von Willebrand factor
Authors: Connie H. Miller, Leslie Kelley, David Green
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Diagnosis of von Willebrand disease Type 2N (vWD 2N), which mimics hemophilia A and its carrier state, is important for accurate genetic counseling and appropriate therapy.To make testing for the disorder more clinically applicable, we developed a simplified method for measurement of factor VIII (FVIII) binding to von Willebrand factor (vWF) using commercially available reagents and standard clinical assays.FVIII binding to vWF was measured by capture of patient vWF by polyclonal antibodies on cyanogen bromideactivated Sepharose beads, reaction with recombinant FVIII, and assay of unbound FVIII by clotting methods.Unbound vWF was measured in patient plasma after capture by the Laurell method.The ratio of bound FVIII/bound vWF was normal in hemophilia A, vWD Type 1, and vWD Type 3 patients, and abnormal in 5 subjects from two families, all of whom had vWD 2N mutations.Patient 1, with FVIII 8 U/dl, vWF: Ag 61 U/dl, vWF:RC 74 U/dl, and FVIII binding nil, was homozygous for the Arg91Gln mutation.She was followed during pregnancy and delivered an unaffected heterozygous son.Patient 2 had FVIII 8 U/dl, vWF:Ag 73 U/dl, and vWF:RC 71 U/dl, and very low FVIII binding.She was heterozygous for Arg91Gln, as were her mother and sister; no second vWD 2N mutation was found.Her brother, with FVIII 14 U/dl, vWF:Ag 113 U/dl, and vWF:RC 72 U/dl, has no evidence of vWD 2N.With an X-linked inheritance pattern of bleeding tendency, this family is the first reported with combined hemophilia A and vWD 2N.
Adiposity of the Heart
Authors: Balavenkatesh Kanna
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters3 October 2006Adiposity of the HeartBalavenkatesh Kanna, MD, MPHBalavenkatesh Kanna, MD, MPHFrom Lincoln Hospital and the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York City, NY 10451.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-7-200610030-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: In reference to the review by McGavock and colleagues (1) on adiposity of the heart, it is of great interest to note that emerging scientific evidence shows that myocardial lipid content may be a biomarker of cardiac disease in obese patients. In a study on signal-averaged electrocardiography in obesity (2), my coauthors and I found that abnormal cardiac late potentials occur among obese individuals without clinical cardiac disease symptoms, independently of hypertension or diabetes status. However, hypertension was associated with an increase in abnormalities on signal-averaged electrocardiography in both obese and nonobese patients in our study. We ...References1. McGavock JM, Victor RG, Unger RH, Szczepaniak LS. Adiposity of the heart, revisited. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:517-24. [PMID: 16585666] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lalani AP, Kanna B, John J, Ferrick KJ, Huber MS, Shapiro LE. Abnormal signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) in obesity. Obes Res. 2000;8:20-8. [PMID: 10678255] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Szczepaniak LS, Dobbins RL, Metzger GJ, Sartoni-D'Ambrosia G, Arbique D, Vongpatanasin W, et al. Myocardial triglycerides and systolic function in humans: in vivo evaluation by localized proton spectroscopy and cardiac imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2003;49:417-23. [PMID: 12594743] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Balavenkatesh Kanna, MD, MPHAffiliations: From Lincoln Hospital and the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York City, NY 10451.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAdiposity of the Heart*, Revisited Jonathan M. McGavock , Ronald G. Victor , Roger H. Unger , and Lidia S. Szczepaniak Adiposity of the Heart Bruce R. Leslie Adiposity of the Heart Michael J. Zema Adiposity of the Heart Gianluca Iacobellis and Arya M. Sharma Adiposity of the Heart Lidia S. Szczepaniak , Jonathan M. McGavock , Ronald G. Victor , and Roger H. Unger Metrics 3 October 2006Volume 145, Issue 7Page: 553-554KeywordsCardiovascular therapyConflicts of interestElectrocardiographyHeartHeart diseasesHypertensionLipidsMyocardiumObesityOverweight ePublished: 3 October 2006 Issue Published: 3 October 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Big Data and Ethics Review for Health Systems Research in LMICs: Understanding Risk, Uncertainty and Ignorance—And Catching the Black Swans?
Authors: Türkay Dereli, Yavuz Coşkun, Eugene Kolker, Öner Güner, Mehmet Ağırbaşlı, Vural Özdemir
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

“Big data is data that exceeds the processing capacity of conventional database systems. The data is too big, moves too fast, or doesn't fit the strictures of your database architectures. To gain v...
Transluminal lliac Artery Dilation— Dotter's Method; Caution Advised
Authors: Thomas J. Whelan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The article by Dotter and co-workers Transluminal Iliac Artery Dilatation, (p 117) will be read by a wide circle of physicians and the technique described will appear to be a welcome substitute for aortoiliac surgery. I believe that the case for the procedure, however, has not yet been proved.  It is not at all clear to me what clinical indications were present in the patients of Dotter and his associates: how many of the patients had only claudication, how many had pain at rest or gangrene, and if either of the last two were present, what was the extent of disease?  From the authors' description, dilatation was done on two types of occlusive lesions: (1) lesions in which the stenosis was longer than 1 cm and (2) lesions in which the stenosis was short and shelf-like. How much longer than 1 cm were the iliac stenoses? Did they extend into
UK hearing sets number of cancer patients to sue tobacco companies
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A crucial hearing which could decide whether a compensation claim by people with lung cancer against British tobacco companies gets off the ground, opened in the High Court in London this week.

The judge for the case, Mr Justice Wright, has to decide whether claims on behalf of 36 former smokers who were diagnosed with lung cancer more than three years before writs were issued can go ahead. Claims in personal injury cases must normally be brought within …
The Dissemination of New Medical Information
Authors: Jeoffrey K. Stross
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Dissemination of new medical information to the practicing physician is a complex and often faulty process. To examine the magnitude of this problem, we surveyed primary care physicians to determine their knowledge of the results of the cooperative trial of photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy. Despite the acknowledged relevance to their practice, only 28% (38/137) of family physicians and 46% (42/91) of internists were aware of the study results (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Respondents were asked to manage two patient problems involving diabetic retinopathy. Only 33% (75/229) handled both correctly, although the retinopathy photocoagulation study had been published 18 months earlier. These findings indicate that results from clinical trials may not be disseminated to practicing physicians and, therefore, not incorporated into practice. Greater attention should be directed toward making findings from clinical trials available to practitioners. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2622-2624, 1979)
X Rays in the Diagnosis of Intrathoracic Growths
Authors: S. Melville
Journal: BMJ (1927)

9~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t hat the tobacco habit is not an unmixed blessinig.England has passed legislation prohibiting the sale of tobacco to all minors under 16.Japan has a law prohibiting smoking by all persons under 20.The Austrian and German Republics are slhowing active interest against the further expansion of the tobacco habit, and most of the States in America have some form of legislation aimed at limiting the tobacco habit. CONCLUSION.Tobacco smoking serves as a mild stimulant followed by a slight degree of narcosis, the supersensitive become calm and lose their irritability, and the dull anid apathetic are stimulated.The physiological evidence clearly points to this effect, but the explanation has yet to be learned.Smoking, however, leads to digestive and circulatory dis- turbainces.There is an increasing impressioni amongst clinicians that the insidious action of niicotine spread over many years of continuous absorption is responsible for at least some of the cardio-vascular diseases so common in middle and later life.It may be argued that if nicotine adds to the agreeable- liess of life, why not use a path so pleasanit?In persons of vivid sensations, to calm the commotion of conflicting sensations may be beneficial, even to the higher faculties; in the dull and listless to stimulate thought must be bene- ficial.It may well be that living in a civilization sucll as ours, under the conditions of strain imposed by residence in cities, the ordinary man shows in his nervous responses variations from the normal, and on such tobacco exerts a beneficial function.To what extent strict moderation in the use of tobacco leads to vascular degeneration is un- eertain; is it the rule or the exceptionP?This is the vital question to which we require an answer, and upon this answer something of the well-being of the nation depends.In conclusion I venture to suggest that the collective sagacity of this society, and that of the.medical profession as a whole, could occupy itself witlh no subject more important to the nation than that of tobacco smoking.REHERENCES.