tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dysfunctional breathing and asthma
Authors: D. Keeley
Journal: BMJ (2001)

It is important to tell the difference 

General practice p 1098 

General practitioners and emergency departments from time to time see patients with asthma who appear very breathless, with fast deep breathing and wheeziness, who complain of tingling lips and hands and who recover quite rapidly after breathing in and out of a paper bag and then using a few puffs of salbutamol. Asthma and anxiety with dysfunctional breathing are both common conditions and they often coexist. Indeed, a paper in this week's issue suggests a very high prevalence of dysfunctional breathing among patients with asthma.1 There are reasons to doubt the prevalence suggested by this paper, but the overlap between anxiety and asthma nevertheless creates a problem for patients and their doctors since we seem not to be very good at telling the difference.

Several studies have shown that patients with asthma have significantly higher anxiety scores than normal and are more likely to have clinically diagnosed panic disorder. 2 3 Conversely, patients with panic disorders, hyperventilation, or “overbreathing” may have unidentified airways reversibility.4 Demeter investigated 47 patients referred for hyperventilation syndrome using methacholine challenge and reversibility testing and judged …
Thiotepa, Cutaneous Reactions, and Efficacy
Authors: Ezra M. Greenspan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Allergic cutaneous reactions to systemic chemotherapeutic agents are well known, but the suggestion that such reactions might be beneficial has come only indirectly and from the topical use of alkylating agents and at least one cell-cycle-specific agent (fluorouracil) in the treatment of tumors in skin and soft tissues (<i>Med Clin North Am</i>60:389-418, 1976). In a retrospective review of our results of combination chemotherapy with thiotepa and methotrexate in 186 patients with stage III or IV ovarian cancer, ten survived free of disease more than three years after complete regression of previous advanced bulky metastases. Possible factors related to the clinical eradication of disease were sought. Seven patients had shown generalized cutaneous erythema, pruritus, and urticarial reactions of substantial proportions. These appeared one to three months after onset of the combination chemotherapy regimen and within one to 24 hours after thiotepa administration. Despite these reactions, treatment was
SUNLIGHT TYPE S-1 LAMP (G. E.) THERAPY IN HUMAN RICKETS AND RACHITIC SPASMOPHILIA
Authors: HENRY J. GERSTENBERGER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

On another occasion1it was reported from this hospital that single, weekly, erythema-producing exposures to the mercury vapor quartz lamp were adequate for the cure of rickets and rachitic spasmophilia. The appearance on the market of another source of ultraviolet rays for use by physicians and the public, namely, the Sunlight Type S-1 Lamp2of the General Electric Company made it seem advisable to establish the efficacy of this source of the antirachitic factor. It was therefore decided to make observations in a manner similar to that followed previously with the quartz lamp.  Accordingly, three rachitic patients were exposed once a week, front and back, to Sunlight Type S-1 Lamp Number 1497-279,3in such a manner as to produce a definite erythema. Two of the infants were colored, and one was Italian.  The accompanying tabulation gives complete information regarding the observations made by us on the three
Abstract 853: Inhibition of the nuclear transport protein CRM1 induces human breast cancer cell death by regulating survivin degradation.
Authors: Yan Cheng, Michael Holloway, Kevin Nguyen, Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Rachel A. Altura
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family based on its N-terminal baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domain. The protein is largely undetectable in differentiated tissues, but is highly expressed in most human tumors. Its cytoplasmic expression in these tumors correlates with reduced tumor cell death, increased resistance to cancer therapy, and decreased patient survival. Survivin is actively exported into the cytoplasm exclusively by the chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1/Exportin1) protein, one of seven known nuclear export proteins. CRM1 binds to the canonical nuclear export signal (NES) domain within the survivin protein. Inhibition of CRM1-mediated nuclear export has been suggested as a novel cancer therapeutic strategy that restores the tumor suppressor function of multiple nuclear proteins. Here, we investigated the anti-tumor mechanisms of two novel, drug-like CRM1 inhibitors, KPT-185 and KPT-276, in estrogen-receptor positive and triple negative breast cancer cell lines. Tumor and control cells were treated with varying doses of the KPT compounds over time. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using standard assays. Survivin localization and expression in the presence and absence of the KPT drugs was assessed by immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionation. Breast cancer cell lines were engineered to express higher or lower levels of Survivin to determine the contribution of Survivin inhibition to the anti-tumor effects of the CRM1 inhibitors. Results showed that the KPT compounds have potent anti-proliferative properties and that they induce time- and dose-dependent apoptosis. KPT-185 and KPT-276 initially enhanced nuclear Survivin expression but produced a decrease in total cellular Survivin levels at later time points. Survivin protein degraded at a faster rate following KPT treatment, which was blocked by treatment with proteasome inhibitors. Knockdown of Survivin increased KPT-mediated cell apoptosis while exogenous expression of Survivin rescued cells from KPT-mediated apoptosis. In summary, our data demonstrate that inhibition of nuclear export by CRM1 inhibition suppresses breast tumor cell growth and enhances tumor cell death, in part through specific targeting of the Survivin-CRM1 complex. Citation Format: Yan Cheng, Michael Holloway, Kevin Nguyen, Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Rachel A. Altura. Inhibition of the nuclear transport protein CRM1 induces human breast cancer cell death by regulating survivin degradation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 853. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-853
Myocardial Revascularization for Chronic Stable Angina
Authors: John B. Wong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

No prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and conservative therapy has been reported. To address when revascularization is indicated, we constructed a decision analytic model. Our model incorporates procedure-related mortality and morbidity, coronary artery disease-related mortality, and the benefit of revascularization. We determined the qualityadjusted life expectancy and expected costs for each strategy. Our model suggests that angioplasty is a reasonable alternative to bypass surgery in patients with favorable lesions if angioplasty would provide a comparable degree of revascularization. Our model predicts that patients treated with angioplasty will have more revascularization procedures than will patients treated with bypass surgery but predicts that both treatments will cost the same over the typical patient's lifetime. In many patients with severe angina or documented ischemia, angioplasty is indicated for stenosis of a single artery. In patients with two vessel disease that is amenable to angioplasty, angioplasty may be a reasonable alternative to bypass surgery. Even in patients whose three vessel disease can be completely revascularized by angioplasty, bypass surgery, although relatively expensive, is slightly better than angioplasty. In patients with three vessel disease and comorbidities that increase operative risk, angioplasty may be a reasonable alternative to either bypass surgery or medical therapy.
Effects of a Behavioral Intervention on Treatment Adherence and Stress Management in Adolescents With IDDM
Authors: Francisco J Méndez, Marina Beléndez
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a behavioral program to increase treatment adherence and to improve stress management in adolescents with IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a nonequivalent control group was used. Eighteen subjects were assigned to the experimental group, which received the program, while nineteen subjects made up the control group, which received routine medical care. During the 12 intervention sessions with diabetic adolescents, different procedures were applied: instruction, blood glucose discrimination training, role-playing, relaxation exercises, self-instructions, problem-solving strategies, and homework, among others. RESULTS The results show significant changes in the experimental group in variables related to diabetes information (patients and their parents), adherence, daily hassles, uneasiness and likelihood of response in social interactions, skills and frequency of glycemic analyses, blood glucose estimate errors, and negative family support (parents). The program had no effect on either dietary and physical exercise or glycemic control. The improvements, which were maintained at a follow-up carried out 13 months after finishing the program, were: patients' information about physiopathology (P = 0.000), diet (P = 0.000), physical exercise (P = 0.048), glucose testing (P = 0.030), and insulin (P = 0.000), barriers to adherence frequency (P = 0.000), severity of daily hassles (P = 0.006), and degree of uneasiness in social interaction (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS This research introduces the novelty of integrating several behavioral procedures within a wide-ranging package that affects aspects implied in diabetes control such as treatment adherence and stress management. The testing of similar programs on samples of subjects with glycemic control difficulties would be useful.
Biomedical Research Involving Prisoners
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Herpes Zoster with Underlying Pleural Rub
Authors: D. C. Thursby-Pelham, M. A. Floyer
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Solitary Neurofibroma in the StomachIn the stomach, and generally in the digestive system, benign tumours, espedially neurofibromata, are seldom seen.These tumours always take their origin from the gastric plexus and grow between the two layers of muscle below the mucosa.According to Askanazy, the nerve tissue seen within the tumour is sympathetic.Usuallv such tumours are associated with a diffuse neurofibromatosis of the skin.Leriche, anid Gerhardt and Westphal, have reported numerous neurofibromata of the alimentary tract in patients with typical von Recklinghausen's disease.Kohtz described an intestinal neuro- fibroma in a patient with no other signs of neurofibromatosis;
MARKERS OF CONGESTION, SYMPTOM RELIEF AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES AMONG PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED WITH ACUTE HEART FAILURE: DATA FROM THE DIURETIC OPTIMAL STRATEGY EVALUATION IN ACUTE HEART FAILURE STUDY
Authors: Robb D. Kociol, Steven E. McNulty, Adrian F. Hernandez, Kerry L. Lee, Margaret M. Redfield, Russell P. Tracy, Eugene Braunwald, Christopher M. O'Connor, G. Michael Felker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SHOCK
Authors: Jane A. Russell, C. N. H. Long, Alfred E. Wilhelmi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

1. With increasing severity of shock following hemorrhage in fasted rats there is an increasing depression in the rate of oxygen uptake, in oxygen, of liver slices from the bled animals. The respiration of kidney tissue is only slightly depressed even in severe states of shock. 2. The rates of oxygen uptake of liver tissue from bled rats are nicely correlated with the increases in blood amino nitrogen that follow severe hemorrhage. 3. A supplement of coenzyme factors, in the form of a hot water extract of normal rat liver, increases the oxygen uptake of liver tissue from rats in mild shock, but is without effect on the respiration of liver slices from rats in moderate or severe shock. 4. The ability of rat liver to oxidize succinate is not impaired even in severe shock, but the extra oxygen uptake does not improve the basal rate of respiration of the tissue. 5. Effects on the rate of oxygen uptake of normal rat liver slices comparable to those seen after hemorrhage could be produced by exposing the tissue to an atmosphere of nitrogen for periods of 15 and 60 minutes. This treatment had more marked effects on the respiration of kidney slices than are found after hemorrhage, but the kidney, unlike the liver, exhibited a marked degree of recovery in the presence of glucose. 6. The significance of these findings is briefly discussed.
Translating theory into practice (and practice into theory) - does context influence sports injury prevention research?
Authors: P Richardson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Sports injury prevention research, like many other fields, has difficulty translating research-based evidence into real-world practice. The ubiquitous theory-practice gap, historically portrayed as a ‘one-way’ knowledge-transfer issue, has recently been reconceptualised as a knowledge-production problem, suggesting a mismatch between the reductionist sense-making strategies which researchers and ‘real-world’ practitioners adopt to deal with the complexities of change, choice, communication, and culture. Sport, injury, prevention and research are dynamic, ecological phenomena occurring within socially-constructed communities of practice. Contextual factors influence the adoption of evidence-based recommendations in real-world settings, but do the theories that underpin sports injury prevention research practice take context into account? Objective This paper will explore the role of context in the theories commonly used to inform sports injury prevention research practice. Design Peer-reviewed literature and major reference texts were searched to identify the theories and models most commonly cited and recommended for application in sports injury prevention research. The theory-practice gap literature from a range of other fields was also reviewed. The ‘contextual content’ of the theories used to inform sports injury prevention research was compared and contrasted with a number of contextual dimensions identified as consistent barriers to translation of evidence into practice in trans-disciplinary perspectives. Results The theories most commonly cited by sports injury prevention researchers include behavioural, ecological and social dimensions that do reflect an understanding of the need to consider ‘context’ when trying to understand how to prevent sports injuries. Conclusion Although contextual elements are incorporated in the theories frequently cited by sports injury prevention researchers, lack of contextual ‘fit’ is still considered the major barrier to translating research knowledge into real-world practice. Is the ‘translation gap’ in the research process a problem of theory use or theory utility?
Dysbindin Genotype and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Authors: Pamela DeRosse, Birgit Funke, Katherine E. Burdick, Todd Lencz, Jenny M. Ekholm, John M. Kane, Raju Kucherlapati, Anil K. Malhotra
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Converging evidence has demonstrated an association between variants in the dysbindin gene (DTNBP1) and schizophrenia. Recently, a DTNBP1 risk haplotype, associated with both schizophrenia and neurocognitive dysfunction, has been identified. Because neurocognitive dysfunction is commonly accompanied by negative symptoms (avolition, alogia, and affective flattening) in schizophrenia, the authors hypothesized that the presence of the risk haplotype would be significantly associated with negative symptoms.The authors tested for an association between a DTNBP1 risk haplotype and a lifetime history of negative symptoms in 181 Caucasian patients with schizophrenia.A significant association was found between the presence of the risk haplotype and negative symptoms.These data suggest that the effect of DTNBP1 genetic variation may be associated with negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
MMP-1 drives immunopathology in human tuberculosis and transgenic mice
Authors: Paul Elkington, Takayuki Shiomi, Ronan Breen, Robert K. Nuttall, Cesar Augusto Ugarte-Gil, Naomi F. Walker, Luísa Saraiva, Bernadette Pedersen, Francesco Mauri, Marc Lipman, Dylan R. Edwards, Brian D. Robertson, Jeanine D’Armiento, Jon S. Friedland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause lung tissue damage to spread, but the mechanisms driving this immunopathology are poorly understood. The breakdown of lung matrix involves MMPs, which have a unique ability to degrade fibrillar collagens at neutral pH. To determine whether MMPs play a role in the immunopathology of tuberculosis (TB), we profiled MMPs and their inhibitors, the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with TB and symptomatic controls. MMP-1 concentrations were significantly increased in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients with TB, while TIMP concentrations were lower in HIV-negative TB patients. In primary human monocytes, M. tuberculosis infection selectively upregulated MMP1 gene expression and secretion, and Ro32-3555, a specific MMP inhibitor, suppressed M. tuberculosis-driven MMP-1 activity. Since the mouse MMP-1 ortholog is not expressed in the lung and mice infected with M. tuberculosis do not develop tissue destruction equivalent to humans, we infected transgenic mice expressing human MMP-1 with M. tuberculosis to investigate whether MMP-1 caused lung immunopathology. In the MMP-1 transgenic mice, M. tuberculosis infection increased MMP-1 expression, resulting in alveolar destruction in lung granulomas and significantly greater collagen breakdown. In summary, MMP-1 may drive tissue destruction in TB and represents a therapeutic target to limit immunopathology.
Accuracy of the Death Certificate in a Population-Based Study of Asthmatic Patients
Authors: Loren W. Hunt
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To quantify the reliability of death certificate data concerning asthma. <h3>Design.</h3> —The complete medical records of decedents were reviewed by a physician certified in allergy and pulmonology who determined the cause of death without having access to the original death certificate. Disagreements between the death certificate and the reviewer were adjudicated by an expert panel. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The community of Rochester, Minn. <h3>Patients.</h3> —The mortality cohort included 339 deaths from a larger cohort of 5241 Rochester residents who received medical treatment for asthma between 1964 and 1983. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Kappa coefficients were used to measure agreement beyond that expected by chance between the reviewer and the death certificate. The sensitivity and specificity of the death certificate diagnosis of asthma were calculated against the standard of the reviewer/panel diagnosis. <h3>Results.</h3> —Death certificates reported asthma as an immediate or underlying cause of death in 22 instances (6%), whereas the reviewer/panel identified asthma in 53 cases (16%). In four cases, the death certificate listed asthma and the panel identified another cause of death. The death certificate had a sensitivity of 42% and a specificity of 99% compared with the reviewer/panel. Agreement between death certificates and the reviewer was not influenced by whether an autopsy was performed. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Death certificate diagnosis of asthma as an underlying cause of death had a low sensitivity but a high specificity. Increases in mortality due to asthma are not likely caused by false-positive diagnoses of asthma as an underlying cause of death. Asthma mortality rates, determined from death certificate data, may indeed underestimate actual asthma-related mortality. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:1947-1952)
Lung Cancer and Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide and Traffic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ghassan B. Hamra, Francine Laden, Aaron J. Cohen, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Michael Brauer, Dana Loomis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants is an important public health issue. Here, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of research examining the relationship of measures of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and of various measures of traffic-related air pollution exposure with lung cancer.
Expression of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptors cysLT1 and cysLT2 in aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-tolerant chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Chris Corrigan, Kirsty Mallett, Sun Ying, David Roberts, Abhi Parikh, Glenis Scadding, Tak Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)