tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patients with type 1 diabetes are blocked from specialist services by NHS commissioning policies
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

NHS commissioning frameworks and policies are preventing patients in England with type 1 diabetes from getting the care that they need from specialist services, the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists has warned.

As a result, many patients with type 1 diabetes are being treated in hospital for hypoglycaemic incidents, diabetic ketoacidosis, and ultimately complications such as diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot, which could have been avoided if they had received specialist support early on to help them manage their insulin concentrations better.

The national diabetes audit, published in June, showed that while just over half of patients with diabetes received all nine recommended annual checks annually (54.3%),1 the proportion of patients with type …
The Histologic Diagnosis of Myocarditis
Authors: Ricky D. Latham, Renu Virmani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 February 1989The Histologic Diagnosis of MyocarditisRicky D. Latham, MD, Renu Virmani, MDRicky D. Latham, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Renu Virmani, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-4-321_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo The editor: We appreciate the frustration expressed by Dr. Lie (1) in his attempt to compare numerous studies on myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathies reported in the past decade. The inhomogeneity of the populations studied significantly limits a fair comparison among trials. Some studies include patients with unexplained congestive heart failure but with histories of alcohol use, valvular disease, rheumatic processes, or other conditions. An additional factor to be considered is that the duration of illness and symptoms are highly variable among groups and studies. We have learned that a biopsy specimen is more likely to show myocarditis when taken...References1. Lie J. Myocarditis and endomyocardial biopsy in unexplained heart failure: a diagnosis in search of a disease. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:525-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. DecPalaciosFallon GIJ. Acute myocarditis in the spectrum of acute dilated cardiomyopathies: clinical features, histologic correlates, and clinical outcome. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:885-90. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ChowDittrichShabetai LHR. Endomyocardial biopsy in patients with unexplained congestive heart failure. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:535-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ricky D. Latham, MD; Renu Virmani, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1989Volume 110, Issue 4Page: 321-322KeywordsAlcoholsBiopsyDilated cardiomyopathyHeart failureLongitudinal studiesMyocarditisPopulation statisticsValvular diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 February 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Catestatin is a novel endogenous peptide that regulates cardiac function and blood pressure
Authors: N. R. Mahapatra
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Catestatin is a 21-amino acid residue, cationic and hydrophobic peptide that is formed endogenously by proteolytic cleavage of its precursor chromogranin A, a major protein co-stored and co-released with catecholamines from the storage vesicles in adrenal chromaffin cells and adrenergic neurons. This peptide exhibits potent catecholamine release-inhibitory activity by acting on the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. It also stimulates histamine release from mast cells via heterotrimeric G-proteins in a receptor-independent manner. Plasma levels of catestatin are diminished not only in hypertensive patients but also in their still-normotensive offspring, indicating its role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Consistently, exogenous catestatin rescues hypertension in chromogranin A knockout mice and diminishes blood pressure responses to activation of sympathetic outflow in rats. These hypotensive actions of catestatin may be caused directly by autocrine inhibition of catecholamine release from the sympathoadrenal system and indirectly by paracrine stimulation of the potent vasodilator histamine release from mast cells. Recently, three human variants of catestatin displaying differential potencies for inhibition of catecholamine secretion have been identified. One of these variants (Gly364Ser) causes increased baroreceptor sensitivity, increased cardiac parasympathetic activity, and decreased cardiac sympathetic activity, and it seems to alter the risk for hypertension. These cardiovascular effects may have resulted by action of this peptide in the baroreceptor centre of the nucleus tractus solitarius. Thus, accumulating evidence documents the endogenous peptide catestatin as a novel regulator of cardiac function and blood pressure.
Medicine and Literature: The Doctor's Companion to the Classics
Authors: John Quin
Journal: BMJ (2001)

John Salinsky 

Radcliffe Medical Press, £17.95, pp 248

ISBN 1 85775 535 9

Rating: ![Graphic][1]  ![Graphic][2] 

Attempts at defining the canon—let's be frank—appear fat and a bit dull. They are squat but worthy beasts—witness The Western Canon (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1994), Harold Bloom's list of a few years ago that made frail literate souls quake with guilt at how ill read they were. That's the trouble with classicists, they are better read than you will ever be.

Given a chance to read, we …

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1025 Recipient-derived hepatocytes in sex-mismatched living-related partial liver transplants
Authors: R IDILMAN, E ERDEN, I KUZU, S ERSOZ, K KARAYALCIN, M YERDEL, A TUKUN, G AKYOL, H BOZKAYA, C YURDAYDIN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Recipient-derived cells integrate into renal allografts inducing organ-specific microchimerism. Circulating pluripotent progenitor cells with high plasticity for differentiation were suggested as a potential source of allograft chimerism. Whether or not these cells also contribute to tumor formation in renal transplants is unknown. We analyzed six histologically different tumors in renal allografts for the presence of recipient-derived cells. To circumvent dependency on gender mismatch, a polymerase chain reaction assay for highly polymorphic short tandem repeat marker (DNA fingerprinting) in combination with laser microdissection was applied. Pure tumor cell populations were harvested by laser microdissection after immunohistochemical (CD45/CD68) marking of contaminating leukocytes. In cases of gender mismatch (n = 2), results were confirmed by sex chromosome in situ hybridization. Two metanephric adenomas demonstrated microchimerism comprising both donor- and recipient-derived tumor cells. Two clear cell carcinomas, one transitional cell carcinoma, and one renal cortical adenoma were all of donor origin without chimerism. We conclude that except for metanephric adenomas, tumors arising in renal transplants originate completely from graft cells. The mixed derivation of metanephric adenomas indicates an incorporation of recipient-derived progenitor cells. This finding suggests that adult stem cells can assume neoplastic phenotypes.
Cynomolgus Macaque as an Animal Model for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Authors: James V Lawler, Timothy P Endy, Lisa E Hensley, Aura Garrison, Elizabeth A Fritz, May Lesar, Ralph S Baric, David A Kulesh, David A Norwood, Leonard P Wasieloski, Melanie P Ulrich, Tom R Slezak, Elizabeth Vitalis, John W Huggins, Peter B Jahrling, Jason Paragas
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Background The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 and 2003 affected global health and caused major economic disruption. Adequate animal models are required to study the underlying pathogenesis of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection and to develop effective vaccines and therapeutics. We report the first findings of measurable clinical disease in nonhuman primates (NHPs) infected with SARS-CoV. Methods and Findings In order to characterize clinically relevant parameters of SARS-CoV infection in NHPs, we infected cynomolgus macaques with SARS-CoV in three groups: Group I was infected in the nares and bronchus, group II in the nares and conjunctiva, and group III intravenously. Nonhuman primates in groups I and II developed mild to moderate symptomatic illness. All NHPs demonstrated evidence of viral replication and developed neutralizing antibodies. Chest radiographs from several animals in groups I and II revealed unifocal or multifocal pneumonia that peaked between days 8 and 10 postinfection. Clinical laboratory tests were not significantly changed. Overall, inoculation by a mucosal route produced more prominent disease than did intravenous inoculation. Half of the group I animals were infected with a recombinant infectious clone SARS-CoV derived from the SARS-CoV Urbani strain. This infectious clone produced disease indistinguishable from wild-type Urbani strain. Conclusions SARS-CoV infection of cynomolgus macaques did not reproduce the severe illness seen in the majority of adult human cases of SARS; however, our results suggest similarities to the milder syndrome of SARS-CoV infection characteristically seen in young children.
Occurrence of dog, cat, and mite allergens in public transport vehicles
Authors: K. Partti‐Pellinen, O. Marttila, S. Mäkinen‐Kiljunen, T. Haahtela
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background and methods: Helsinki City Transport buses, trams, and underground trains carry 687 000 passengers on a weekday. Of the passengers, 0.13% travel with a pet. We interviewed passengers and measured allergen levels in vehicles to study what difficulties allergens cause to passengers with allergy and asthma. Results: Of 2021 interviewed passengers, 14% complained about inconvenience caused by pets, usually health problems. Of 324 adult passengers with allergy or asthma, 53% had experienced symptoms in public transport; the corresponding figure for 75 children was 32%. The median concentration of the main dog allergen, Can f 1, in dust from seats and floors in public transport vehicles was 2400 ng per g of dust (range 20–8.500 ng/g). For the main cat allergen, Fel d 1, the median was 870 ng/g (range 3–2.600 ng/g). These levels can be regarded as low or moderate, and cause symptoms in sensitive persons. Concentrations of mite allergens were undetectable or low. Allergen levels were lower in vehicles where pets were not allowed than in vehicles where pets were allowed, lower in dust from uncovered seats than in dust from seats with a covering, and lower after cleaning vehicle floors and seats than before cleaning. Conclusions: Dog and cat allergens are present in public transport vehicles in Helsinki at levels that cause symptoms in sensitive persons. Prohibiting pets would probably bring only a modest reduction in levels, as few pets are carried, and much allergen contamination comes from passengers' clothes.
S106 Influenza Infection of Human Lung Macrophages Increases PDL1 Expression
Authors: KJ Staples, CM Spalluto, RT McKendry, TMA Wilkinson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background &amp; Objective</h3> Influenza infection has recently been shown to cause rapid functional impairment of CD8+ T cell responses in a murine infection model via the PD1/PDL1 pathway.<sup>1</sup> In this mouse model, it was the induction of PDL1 that was required for this impairment of CD8+ function. A previous study suggested that the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was the principal driver of human macrophage PDL1 expression in response to HIV infection.<sup>2</sup> The aim of this study was to investigate how human lung macrophages regulate their PDL1 expression in response to influenza infection. <h3>Methods</h3> Alveolar macrophages washed from resected human lung tissue and purified by plate adherence or human positively-isolated CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were cultured with H3N2 X31 influenza virus or a UV-irradiated aliquot of virus (UVX31) for 2 h, after which the cultures were washed and media replaced and incubation continued for a further 22 h. Virally infected cells and expression of cell surface markers were identified using flow cytometry. Gene expression was measured using RT-PCR. <h3>Results</h3> No increase in MDM infection was seen using the UVX31 but incubation with X31 resulted in an average infection rate of 9.1%. Infection with X31 significantly increased cell surface expression of HLA-DR and PDL1 (p&lt;0.05), but not of PDL2 by MDMs as measured by flow cytometry. Using RT-PCR, we observed an increase of PDL1 mRNA after X31 infection suggesting that the expression of this protein is transcriptionally regulated. In addition, we saw an increase in type I interferon expression by MDMs in response to X31 infection, but no expression of IFNγ. In contrast we observed a trend towards decreased expression of IL-10 mRNA. In further experiments, infection of alveolar macrophages with X31 also caused significant increases in HLA-DR and PDL1 cell surface expression. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data indicate that, in contrast to HIV infection of macrophages2 influenza-induced expression of PDL1 may not be regulated by IL-10 in human macrophages. Erickson et al (2012) J Clin Invest doi: 10.1172/JCI62860. Rodriguez-Garcia, et al. (2011) J Leukoc Biol 89(4):507–15.
Pulmonary aspergillus infection invading the pleura.
Authors: G Hillerdal
Journal: Thorax (1981)

During a 10-year-period, six patients with non-postoperative aspergillus infection of the pleura were seen. In all patients a pulmonary aspergillus infection had been present for some years. The fungus invaded the pleura, causing a bronchopleural fistula and a cavity in the pleural space. A prerequisite for the pleural aspergillosis was that the lung and pleura were previously damaged, usually by therapeutic pneumothorax for active tuberculosis some decades earlier. The fungus can cause destruction of the lung and death of the patient from the chronic infection unless treated. The best treatment is early excision of the pleura with resection of the upper lobe or if necessary the whole lung. To reduce the risk of postoperative aspergillus empyema, the patient should be treated with antifungal agents before and after operation. In inoperable patients, local antifungal treatment may clear the infection but is not always effective.
Origins of u.s. Hispanics: Implications for Diabetes
Authors: Craig L Hanis, David Hewett-Emmett, Terry K Bertin, William J Schull
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

The purpose of this article was to characterize the origins of the United States Hispanic population and discuss the implications of these origins in the context of diabetes risk. Particular attention was focused on the genetic origins of the three major U.S. Hispanic groups, i.e., Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans. The U.S. Census figures provided basic demographic information. Genetic marker data for ancestral populations were taken from a review of the literature and compendia. Genetic marker data for the Puerto Rican and Cuban populations were extracted from the literature. Genetic markers determined on ∼ 1000 randomly selected Mexican Americans from Starr County, Texas, were taken as representative of the Mexican-American population. The Hispanic population is the second largest and fastest growing minority in the U.S. Estimates of the Hispanic population in 1988 indicated some 19.4 million residents, of whom 62% were classified as Mexican, 13% as Puerto Rican, and the remaining 25% as Cubans and others. Various lines of evidence can be used to characterize the Hispanic population and its origins. These include ethnohistory, self-assessment of ancestry, surname distributions, speech and cultural characteristics, quantitative traits, and genetic structure. Genetic data were used to estimate the contribution of putative ancestral populations to the contemporary gene pool. For Mexican Americans, 31% of the contemporary gene pool is estimated to be Native American derived, whereas 61 and 8% are Spanish and African derived, respectively. In Puerto Rico, the percentage of contributions of Spanish, Native American, and African admixture to the population are 45, 18, and 37%, respectively. For Cuba, the parallel estimates are 62, 18, and 20%. The high frequency of Native American-derived genes in the contemporary Hispanic population predict a higher frequency of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) under the assumption that genes are important in NIDDM etiology. Our results are consistent with the finding of the significant role of genes in determining risk.
Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Stroke
Authors: Frances A. DeRook, Keith A. Comess, Gregory W. Albers, Richard L. Popp
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To review the current role of transesophageal echocardiography in the evaluation of stroke. Data Identification: Articles examining the role of transesophageal echocardiography for evaluation of patients with stroke were identified using computer and bibliography searches. Study Selection: All English-language articles that provided full details on patient selection criteria, methods, and study design were reviewed. Results of Data Analysis: Cardiogenic embolism is frequently an uncertain diagnosis merely inferred by finding a potential cardiac source. Transthoracic echocardiography has had a low yield in screening unselected patients with stroke. Several series of patients with stroke have been reported comparing transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Potential cardiac sources of embolism were consistently identified in many more patients by transesophageal echocardiography. Many findings are, however, of uncertain significance; these include spontaneous echo contrast, patent foramen ovale, filamentous strands on the mitral valve, and atrial septal aneurysm. Conclusions: Transesophageal echocardiography is most helpful in patients with stroke who are less than 45 years of age and in those without clinical evidence of heart disease. The indications for its use in the evaluation of stroke remain controversial. Further studies are needed using transesophageal echocardiography in patients with stroke and in control groups, not only to determine the natural history of transesophageal, echocardiographically detected abnormalities but also to evaluate treatment options.
Delivering Quality to Patients
Authors: Samuel R. G. Finlayson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Radiation Treatment of Localized Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: George W. Holmes, Milford D. Schulz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE term "malignant lymphoma" has been rather generally accepted, in America at least, to designate malignant tumors that are characterized by progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue in various parts of the body. Pathologists have subdivided this group on a histologie basis into several more or less characteristic types. Clinically, the disease as a rule progresses with a varying degree of rapidity to a fatal termination, the average duration of life being from two to three years.1 Gall and Mallory2 reported 10 cases with survival, free of disease, for six years or more after surgical removal. In a more recent paper, . . .
Safety Reporting in Randomized Trials of Mental Health Interventions
Authors: Panagiotis N. Papanikolaou, Rachel Churchill, Kristian Wahlbeck, John P.A. Ioannidis, None The EU-PSI Project
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: The authors aimed to evaluate the adequacy of the reporting of safety information in publications of randomized trials of mental-health-related interventions. METHOD: The authors randomly selected 200 entries from the PsiTri registry of mental-health-related controlled trials. This yielded 142 randomized trials that were analyzed for adequacy and relative emphasis of their content on safety issues. They examined drug trials as well as trials of other types of interventions. RESULTS: Across the 142 eligible trials, 103 involved drugs. Twenty-five of the 142 trials had at least 100 randomly chosen subjects and at least 50 subjects in a study arm. Among drug trials, only 21.4% had adequate reporting of clinical adverse events, and only 16.5% had adequate reporting of laboratory-determined toxicity, while 32.0% reported both the numbers and the reasons for withdrawals due to toxicity in each arm. On average, drug trials devoted 1/10 of a page in their results sections to safety, and 58.3% devoted more space to the names and affiliations of authors than to safety. None of the trials of nondrug interventions had adequate or even partially adequate reporting of either clinical adverse events or laboratory-determined toxicity. In multivariate modeling, long-term trials and trials conducted in the United States devoted even less space to safety, while schizophrenia trials devoted more space to safety than did trials in other areas. CONCLUSIONS: Safety reporting is largely neglected across trials of mental-health-related interventions, thus hindering the assessment of risk-benefit ratios for rational decision making in mental health care.