tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Hallway and Treadmill Six-minute Walk Tests
Authors: DAMIEN STEVENS, ELLEN ELPERN, KAILASH SHARMA, PETER SZIDON, MICHAEL ANKIN, STEVEN KESTEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

The 6-min walk test (SMWT) performed in the hallway (HW) is used as a clinical indicator of functional capacity in patients with lung disease. A 6-min walk test utilizing a treadmill (TM) is easier to perform and allows easier patient monitoring. Therefore, we formulated a standardized TM SMWT protocol and compared the results with those of a HW SMWT. All patients were enrolled in a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Patients with current infection, recent change in inhaled medications or oral steroid use, and significant cardiovascular disease were excluded. Each subject performed three HW SMWTs and three TM SMWTs assigned randomly on subsequent days. There was a 30-min rest between each walk and at least a 48-h rest between each test day. All patients completed both HW and TM SMWT within 7 d. Supplemental oxygen was utilized or increased if the saturation fell below 88%. The best of the three tests was used for data analysis. Twenty-one subjects completed the protocol. The mean age was 65 ± 10.9 yr (range, 35 to 79 yr). Ten subjects were receiving supplemental oxygen. The mean FEV1 was 1.07 ± 0.53 L. The mean HW SMWT distance was 1,228 ± 255 ft (range, 612 to 1,679 ft) and the mean TM SMWT distance was 1,060 ± 389 ft (range, 475 to 1,819 ft), which were statistically different (p = 0.01). The mean difference was 168 ± 280 ft (range, − 326 to 743 ft). Oxygen saturation and supplemental oxygen requirements did not differ significantly. The intra-test variability of the three HW SMWTs was similar to the three TM SMWTs and no significant difference in the coefficient of variation was found. A standardized TM SMWT is feasible and allows easier patient monitoring, but there is a statistically significant difference between the HW and TM SMWT distance and therefore they are not interchangeable. However, the intratest reproducibility of the TM and HW SMWTs are similar when three walks are performed in a single test session. The role of the TM SMWT in pulmonary rehabilitation requires further exploration. Stevens D, Elpern E, Sharma K, Szidon P, Ankin M, Kesten S. Comparison of hallway and treadmill six-minute walk tests.
PEX-Producing Human Neural Stem Cells Inhibit Tumor Growth in a Mouse Glioma Model
Authors: Seung-Ki Kim, Theresa G. Cargioli, Marcelle Machluf, Wendy Yang, Yanping Sun, Ruqayyah Al-Hashem, Seung U. Kim, Peter M. Black, Rona S. Carroll
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract A unique characteristic of neural stem cells is their capacity to track glioma cells that have migrated away from the main tumor mass into the normal brain parenchyma. PEX, a naturally occurring fragment of human metalloproteinase-2, acts as an inhibitor of glioma and endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the antitumor activity of PEX-producing human neural stem cells against malignant glioma. The HB1.F3 cell line (immortalized human neural stem cell) was transfected by a pTracer vector with PEX. The retention of the antiproliferative activity and migratory ability of PEX-producing HB1.F3 cells (HB1.F3-PEX) was confirmed in vitro. For the in vivo studies, DiI-labeled HB1.F3-PEX cells were stereotactically injected into established glioma tumor in nude mice. Tumor size was subsequently measured by magnetic resonance imaging and at the termination of the studies by histologic analysis including tumor volume, microvessel density, proliferation, and apoptosis rate. Histologic analysis showed that DiI-labeled HB1.F3-PEX cells migrate at the tumor boundary and cause a 90% reduction of tumor volume (P &amp;lt; 0.03). This reduction in tumor volume in animals treated with HB1.F3-PEX was associated with a significant decrease in angiogenesis (44.8%, P &amp;lt; 0.03) and proliferation (23.6%, P &amp;lt; 0.03). These results support the use of neural stem cells as delivery vehicle for targeting therapeutic genes against human glioma.
Recurrent bile duct stones after endoscopic sphincterotomy
Authors: S Sultan
Journal: Gut (2004)

Multiple endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (even three or more) for recurrent bile duct stones appear to be safe and effective. Late complications are relatively frequent but are endoscopically manageable

In 1974, Professors Meinhard Classen (Germany) and Keiichi Kawai (Japan) independently published their pioneering experience of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy (EBS).1,2 This bold innovative work was performed in the face of considerable antagonism from the surgical community, which considered that endoscopists had no business in the biliary tree, traditionally regarded as surgical “turf”. In the 30 years since, countless thousands of patients have benefited from EBS, being spared major surgical and radiological procedures. That an electrosurgical incision of a centimetre or less can have such beneficial effect is testament to the ingenuity of the pioneer endoscopists and their partners in industry. EBS is now an everyday event in endoscopy units around the world, the great majority being completed safely and achieving the desired goal. Indeed, we tend to take EBS for granted. The recent National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference Panel deemed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and EBS to be essential tools in the management of patients with acute cholangitis, pancreatitis, and choledocholithiasis.3 EBS has been shown to be safe and effective in experienced hands but it is undoubtedly associated with both short and long term complications.4

Recurrent bile duct stone formation is not uncommon following EBS. The literature suggests an incidence ranging from 4 % to 24%.5,6 Further ERCP with extension of the previous sphincterotomy is often the treatment of choice in patients with recurrent choledocholithiasis but little is know of the long term results and complications of this treatment. In this issue of …
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Decreases Mortality and Morbidity in Patients with Advanced HIV Disease
Authors: Edward L. Murphy, Ann C. Collier, Leslie A. Kalish, Susan F. Assmann, Michael F. Para, Timothy P. Flanigan, Princy N. Kumar, Letty Mintz, Frances R. Wallach, George J. Nemo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Mortality and morbidity related to AIDS have decreased among HIV-infected patients taking highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), but previous studies may have been confounded by other changes in treatment. Objective: To assess the benefit of HAART in patients with advanced AIDS and anemia. Design: Prospective, multicenter cohort study. Setting: The Viral Activation Transfusion Study (VATS), with enrollment from August 1995 through July 1998 and follow-up through June 1999. Patients: 528 HIV-infected patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity or disease who were receiving a first red blood cell transfusion for anemia. Measurements: In a person-year analysis of follow-up before and after initiation of HAART, Poisson regression was used to calculate crude rate ratios and rate ratios adjusted for CD4 count, HIV RNA level, calendar period, time on study, sex, ethnicity, and injection drug use. Results: At baseline, patients had a median CD4+ lymphocyte count of 0.015 × 109 cell/L, median plasma HIV RNA level of 4.8 log10 copies/mL, and median hemoglobin concentration of 73 g/L. Use of HAART increased from 1% of active patients in January 1996 to 79% of active patients in January 1999. The crude death rate was 0.24 event/person-year among patients taking HAART and 0.88 event/person-year among those not taking HAART (rate ratio, 0.26; adjusted rate ratio, 0.38; P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Rates of non-CMV disease were 0.15 event/person-year after HAART and 0.45 event/person-year before HAART (crude rate ratio, 0.34 [P < 0.001]; adjusted rate ratio, 0.66 [P < 0.05]). Rates of CMV disease were 0.10 event/person-year after HAART and 0.25 before HAART (crude rate ratio, 0.42 [P < 0.01]; adjusted rate ratio, 1.01 [P > 0.2]). Results were similar in patients with baseline CD4+ lymphocyte counts less than 0.010 × 109 cells/L. Conclusions: The data support an independent reduction in mortality and opportunistic events attributable to HAART, even in patients with very advanced HIV disease. However, patients with CMV infection or disease may not have a reduction in new CMV events due to HAART. *For a list of the Viral Activation Transfusion Study Investigators, see Appendix.
Assessment of airway inflammation in asthmatic patients by visual endoscopic scoring systems
Authors: T Van Vyve, P Chanez, JY Lacoste, J Bousquet, FB Michel, P Godard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

Inflammation is a hallmark of bronchial asthma. Inflammatory cells both in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial biopsies of asthmatic patients have been studied and correlated with functional or clinical parameters. We have recently attempted to assess airway inflammation by a visual endoscopic scoring system. The purpose of this study was to compare our own endoscopic scoring system with the bronchitis index previously described by Thompson and coworkers, and to determine whether these scores were correlated with clinical or functional parameters. Sixty asthmatics of variable severity (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 33-117% of predicted values) and 30 healthy volunteers were studied. The clinical severity of asthma was assessed by the clinical score as described by Aas in all of the patients, and in the last 15 patients by a daily symptom score. Beta 2-agonist consumption was recorded daily during a period of 7 days before the endoscopic procedure. During this period, circadian variation and day-to-day variation of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were determined. During bronchoscopy, airway inflammation was assessed by two independent observers, prior to BAL, by visual inspection of each lobe and the lingula, and the results were quantitated using the bronchitis index and our endoscopic scoring system. Both endoscopic scores were significantly higher in asthmatics than in controls. A significant correlation was observed between the two endoscopic scores both in asthmatics and in controls. In asthmatics, a weak but significant correlation was found between both endoscopic scores and the daily symptom score, as well as the beta 2-agonist consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prospective study of the value of transbronchial lung biopsy after lung transplantation
Authors: A Boehler, P Vogt, A Zollinger, W Weder, R Speich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB) has become the gold standard for the diagnosis of acute rejection and cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia in lung transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to assess the value of regular surveillance TBB in stable asymptomatic patients and to establish the role of TBB as a follow-up procedure 1 month after a previous pathological biopsy result. We prospectively evaluated 76 TBBs performed in 17 lung transplant recipients. A definite pathological results was found in 14 of 15 TBBs performed for clinical indications: CMV pneumonia (5), acute rejection grade &gt; or = A2 according to the criteria of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) (4), bronchiolitis obliterans (3), and desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (2). Fifteen of 45 surveillance TBBs performed in asymptomatic patients revealed significant abnormalities. Ten episodes of acute rejection ISHLT grade &gt; or = A2 and three episodes of CMV pneumonia detected by TBB had direct therapeutic consequences. Nine of 16 follow-up TBBs performed 1 month after a pathological biopsy result again showed relevant pathological findings. With the exception of one severe haemorrhage, no life-threatening complications occurred. Our results suggest that transbronchial lung biopsies performed on a regular basis after lung transplantation are important for the detection of asymptomatic and/or persistent acute rejection or injection. In the long-term, this strategy might be the most effective tool in reducing the incidence of bronchiolitis obliterans, which is still the main obstacle for further improvement of long-term survival after lung transplantation.
Immunohistochemical determination of p53 protein does not predict clinical response in advanced colorectal cancer with low thymidylate synthase expression receiving a bolus 5-fluorouracil—leucovorin combination
Authors: S. Cascinu, V. Catalano, C. Aschele, S. Barni, D. Debernardis, L. Gallo, R. Bandelloni, M.P. Staccioli, A.M. Baldelli, A. Brenna, A. Valenti, P. Muretto, G. Catalano
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
THE NONHEMOGLOBIN ERYTHROCYTIC PROTEINS, STUDIED BY ELECTROPHORESIS ON STARCH GEL*
Authors: A. Haut, G. R. Tudhope, G. E. Cartwright, M. M. Wintrobe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

Chloroform-ethanol (26) no yes no yes no Potassium hydroxide, pH 12.7, 2 min (24) no yes no yes no Carboxymethyl cellulose, phosphate buffered, 0.01 M, pH 6.5 (18) yes no yes yes no Diethylaminoethyl cellulose, phosphate buffered, pH 7.0, 0.003 M (19) no yes no yes yes IRC-50, phosphate buffered, 0.05 M, pH 6.92 (20)* yes yes yes yes no* Tabulated data refer to eluate prior to release of hemoglobin from the resin.
U1RNP positive neonatal lupus erythematosus: association with anti-La antibodies?
Authors: A.P. SHETH, N.B. ESTERLY, S.L. RATOOSH, J.P. SMITH, A.A. HEBERT, E. SILVERMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is an antibody-mediated disorder most commonly associated with autoantibodies to Ro and/or La antigens. There have been five previous reports describing eight NLE patients with anti-U1RNP antibody in the absence of anti-Ro and anti-La autoantibodies. We report two cases of anti-U1RNP antibody-positive NLE, and briefly review the five previous reports. The diagnosis of NLE was based on physical examination and serological studies by ELISA, immunodiffusion, and immunoblotting. By conventional immunodiffusion and ELISA, our cases were negative for anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies, and positive for anti-U1RNP antibody. However, one of the mothers had anti-La antibody detected by immunoblot assay only. All anti-U1RNP antibody-positive infants had classic cutaneous lesions of NLE, but it is of interest that none had congenital heart block (CHB). Although these infants were negative for anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies with immunodiffusion and ELISA techniques, these antibodies might be detectable by immunoblotting, as was the case in one of the mothers.
CLP36 Is a Negative Regulator of Glycoprotein VI Signaling in Platelets
Authors: Shuchi Gupta, Attila Braun, Martina Morowski, Thomas Premsler, Markus Bender, Zoltan Nagy, Albert Sickmann, Heike M. Hermanns, Michael Bösl, Bernhard Nieswandt
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

At sites of vascular injury, exposed subendothelial collagens not only trigger sudden platelet adhesion and aggregation, thereby initiating normal hemostasis, but also can lead to acute ischemic diseases, such as myocardial infarction or stroke. The glycoprotein (GP) VI/Fc receptor γ-chain complex is a central regulator of these processes because it mediates platelet activation on collagens through a series of tyrosine phosphorylation events downstream of the Fc receptor γ-chain-associated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. GPVI signaling has to be tightly regulated to prevent uncontrolled intravascular platelet activation, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.We studied the role of PDZ and LIM domain family member CLP36 in platelet physiology in vitro and in vivo.We report that CLP36 acts as a major inhibitor of GPVI immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif signaling in platelets. Platelets from mice either expressing a low amount of a truncated form of CLP36 lacking the LIM domain (Clp36(ΔLIM)) or lacking the whole protein (Clp36(-/-)) displayed profound hyperactivation in response to GPVI agonists, whereas other signaling pathways were unaffected. This was associated with hyperphosphorylation of signaling proteins and enhanced Ca(2+) mobilization, granule secretion, and integrin activation downstream of GPVI. The lack of functional CLP36 translated into accelerated thrombus formation and enhanced procoagulant activity, assembling a prothrombotic phenotype in vivo.These data reveal an inhibitory function of CLP36 in GPVI immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif signaling and establish it as a key regulator of arterial thrombosis.
<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> transmission stages accumulate in the human bone marrow
Authors: Regina Joice, Sandra K. Nilsson, Jacqui Montgomery, Selasi Dankwa, Elizabeth Egan, Belinda Morahan, Karl B. Seydel, Lucia Bertuccini, Pietro Alano, Kim C. Williamson, Manoj T. Duraisingh, Terrie E. Taylor, Danny A. Milner, Matthias Marti
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Sexual stages of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum use the hematopoietic system of the bone marrow as a developmental niche.
Methods for the Detection of Viral Antigen and Antibody to a Feline Leukemia Virus (A Preliminary Report)
Authors: Louis R. Sibal, Mary Alexander Fink, Ernest J. Plata, Barbara E. Kohler, Fernando Noronha, Kyu M. Lee
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Journal Article Methods for the Detection of Viral Antigen and Antibody to a Feline Leukemia Virus (A Preliminary Report) Get access Louis R. Sibal, Louis R. Sibal Immunology Section, Viral Leukemia and Lymphoma Branch, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014, and New York State Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mary Alexander Fink, Mary Alexander Fink Immunology Section, Viral Leukemia and Lymphoma Branch, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014, and New York State Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ernest J. Plata, Ernest J. Plata Immunology Section, Viral Leukemia and Lymphoma Branch, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014, and New York State Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barbara E. Kohler, Barbara E. Kohler Immunology Section, Viral Leukemia and Lymphoma Branch, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014, and New York State Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fernando Noronha, Fernando Noronha Immunology Section, Viral Leukemia and Lymphoma Branch, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014, and New York State Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kyu M. Lee Kyu M. Lee Immunology Section, Viral Leukemia and Lymphoma Branch, National Cancer Institute,5Bethesda, Maryland 20014, and New York State Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 45, Issue 3, September 1970, Pages 607–612, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/45.3.607 Published: 01 September 1970 Article history Received: 28 April 1970 Accepted: 03 June 1970 Published: 01 September 1970
Meal induced rectosigmoid tone modification: a low caloric meal accurately separates functional and organic gastrointestinal disease patients
Authors: M Di Stefano
Journal: Gut (2006)

Diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is based on arbitrary criteria due to the lack of an accurate diagnostic test. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether rectosigmoid tone modification after a meal represents an accurate diagnostic approach.In a secondary care setting, 32 constipation predominant and 24 diarrhoea predominant IBS patients, 10 functional diarrhoea and 10 functional constipation patients, 29 organic gastrointestinal disease patients, and 10 healthy volunteers underwent a rectal barostat test to measure fasting and postprandial rectosigmoid tone. Rectosigmoid response was assessed following three meals containing different amounts of calories: 200 kcal, 400 kcal and 1000 kcal.After 200 kcal, healthy volunteers and patients with organic diseases showed a reduction in rectosigmoid volume of at least 28% of fasting volume, indicating a meal induced increase in muscle tone. In contrast, patients with diarrhoea predominant IBS showed dilation of the rectosigmoid colon, indicative of reduced tone, and patients with constipation predominant IBS showed a mild volume reduction or no modification. Functional diarrhoea and constipation patients showed rectosigmoid tone modification resembling that of the corresponding IBS subtype. A 400 kcal meal normalised rectosigmoid tone in more than half of the constipation predominant IBS patients but none of the diarrhoea predominant IBS patients. In contrast, a 1000 kcal meal normalised tone response in all IBS patients. Sensitivity of the test was 100%, specificity 93%, positive predictive value 96%, and negative predictive value 100%.A postprandial reduction in rectosigmoid tone of at least 28% of fasting value after a low caloric meal accurately separates organic and functional gastrointestinal disease patients. This parameter may therefore be used in the positive diagnosis of IBS.
Herbal/Hormonal Dietary Supplement Possibly Associated with Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Shahrokh F. Shariat, Dolores J. Lamb, Radha G. Iyengar, Claus G. Roehrborn, Kevin M. Slawin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Background: Patients seek herbal/hormonal dietary supplements (HHDS) to prevent and/or solve health and aging issues. After two men developed an unusual course of clinically aggressive prostate cancer within months of starting daily consumption of the same HHDS product, we investigated the effect of this product on prostate cancer progression. Methods: We evaluated serum levels of total testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone and screened prostate biopsy and metastatic specimens for androgen receptor protein expression and mutations. We did hormone analyses and capillary electrophoresis. We tested the effect of the HHDS product on androgen receptor-negative (DU-145 and PC-3) and androgen receptor-positive (LNCaP) human prostate cancer cell lines. Results: Both patients had low hormone levels. The androgen receptor was expressed in all primary and metastatic prostate cancer tissues and no mutations were identified. Hormone analysis revealed that the HHDS contained testosterone and estradiol. The HHDS product was a more potent dose-dependent stimulator of cancer cell growth than testosterone both in androgen receptor-negative and receptor-positive cell lines. Blocking experiments with increasing concentrations of bicalutamide did not prevent the HHDS product–stimulated growth. We filed an adverse event report with the Food and Drug Administration who issued a warning letter. The manufacturer responded by removing this HHDS product from the market. Conclusions: The HHDS product contained one or more endocrinologically active tumor-promoting components that had cellular androgen receptor status–independent activity. The HHDS product exhibited potent prostate cancer growth stimulatory activity that was more powerful than that of testosterone, independent of the androgen-receptor status of prostate cancer cells, and resistant to antiandrogen blockade.