tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does Meeting Needs Improve Quality of Life?
Authors: Mike Slade, Morven Leese, Mirella Ruggeri, Elizabeth Kuipers, Michele Tansella, Graham Thornicroft
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; This study investigated the relationship between patient-rated unmet needs and subjective quality of life using routine outcome data. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; 265 mental health service patients from South Verona were assessed using the Camberwell Assessment of Need, the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile, and other standardised assessments of symptoms, disability, function and service satisfaction. At 1-year follow-up, 166 patients were still in contact, of whom 121 patients (73%) were re-assessed. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Higher baseline quality of life was associated with being male, a diagnosis of psychosis, higher disability, higher satisfaction with care, fewer staff-rated or patient-rated unmet needs, and fewer patient-rated met needs (accounting for 40% of the variance). Specifically, fewer baseline patient-rated unmet needs were cross-sectionally associated with a higher quality of life (B = –0.08, 95% CI –0.12 to –0.04). Apart from its baseline value, the only baseline predictor of follow-up QoL was patient-rated unmet need (B = –0.08, 95% CI –0.21 to –0.09), accounting for 58% of the variance in follow-up quality of life. Graphical chain modelling confirmed this association. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The association between high numbers of unmet needs and low subjective quality of life appears increasingly robust across several studies. Future research will need to investigate whether changes in needs precede changes in quality of life. This study provides further evidence that a policy of actively assessing and addressing patient-rated unmet needs may lead to improved quality of life.
LRP/Amyloid β-Peptide Interaction Mediates Differential Brain Efflux of Aβ Isoforms
Authors: Rashid Deane, Zhenhua Wu, Abhay Sagare, Judianne Davis, Shi Du Yan, Katie Hamm, Feng Xu, Margaret Parisi, Barbra LaRue, Hong Wei Hu, Patricia Spijkers, Huang Guo, Xiaomei Song, Peter J. Lenting, William E. Van Nostrand, Berislav V. Zlokovic
Journal: Neuron (2004)
The Management of Infection in the Cancer Patient
Authors: Peter H. Wiernik
Journal: JAMA (1980)

INFECTION is a leading cause of death in patients with cancer, especially those with hematologic malignant neoplasms such as leukemia and lymphoma. It therefore follows that control of infection will not only reduce suffering among such patients but will, in fact, extend life in these patients who represent a variety of compromised hosts. <h3>Infection Prevention</h3> The most important step in control of infection in the cancer patient is prevention. Cancer patients are at risk for infection by a variety of organisms, including normal flora found in the patients' internal (alimentary and respiratory tracts) environment and those acquired organisms found in the external (air, food, and water) environment. A number of expensive yet effective devices (laminar air-flow room) have been developed to allow complete reverse isolation of the compromised host, including provision of essentially sterile air.<sup>1,2</sup>However, the initial expense and the operating costs of such units have made them
Adrenocortical suppression in workers manufacturing synthetic glucocorticoids.
Authors: R W Newton, M C Browning, J Iqbal, N Piercy, D G Adamson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

A man who had worked for 16 years in the manufacture of a potent corticosteroid was found to be suffering from chronic adrenocortical insufficiency attributed to chronic absorption of the glucocorticoid. Eleven other symptom-free workers were therefore screened. Two of these workers, like the first patient, gave grossly abnormal responses to the Synacthen (tetracosactrin) test; one had been employed for only seven months. All 12 men had facial plethora, suggesting absorption of the drug in spite of their having adhered to the safety precautions. All workers manufacturing potent steroids should therfore be screened regularly by measurement of their plasma cortisol concentrations and should be moved regularly to processing other drugs.
Beginnings of Medical Education in Philadelphia, 1765-1776
Authors: George W. Corner
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In 1765, when formal medical education began in the American colonies, Philadelphia was the largest city in Britain's North American territories and was foremost in cultural development among all the towns that had sprung up along the Atlantic seaboard. The College of Philadelphia (later to become the University of Pennsylvania), the Library Company, and the Pennsylvania Hospital had been flourishing for more than a decade. (An extended treatment of this subject, with full bibliography, has recently been published.<sup>1</sup>) In this up-and-coming city of 25,000 people, about 30 men, we may estimate, were practising medicine. About half of these, 13 to be precise, are known to us by name and by their reputations for professional skill and public spirit or for social standing. Eight of these 13 had studied medicine in Britain or on the continent of Europe. The other five were trained only by apprenticeship to local physicians. We
Infectious gastritis caused by a mixed fungal and bacterial infection
Authors: L. Negreanu, P. Assor, F. Bumsel, E.-H. Metman
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 76-year-old man presented with dysphagia and odynophagia. Five years earlier, he had undergone a partial gastroesophageal resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Over the past few years he had also required several dilations for pyloric stenosis (secondary to vagotomy). He had a history of chronic bronchitis with frequent exacerbations treated by short courses of antibiotics. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed. The esophageal mucosa was covered by circumferential, white-gray, adherent plaques (Figure [1]). The antral mucosa had a nodular appearance and was covered by yellowish deposits (Figure [2]), and nodular folds covered by yellowish debris were seen in the pyloric region (Figure [3]). Histological examination revealed a picture of acute gastritis, with a rich inflammatory infiltrate dominated by neutrophils (Figure [4]). Cultures yielded isolates of Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata. The patient responded well to antifungal and antibiotic treatment.
Decreased Serum Free Testosterone in Workers Exposed to High Levels of Di- <i>n</i> -butyl Phthalate (DBP) and Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP): A Cross-Sectional Study in China
Authors: Guowei Pan, Tomoyuki Hanaoka, Mariko Yoshimura, Shujuan Zhang, Ping Wang, Hiromasa Tsukino, Koichi Inoue, Hiroyuki Nakazawa, Shoichiro Tsugane, Ken Takahashi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Observations of adverse developmental and reproductive effects in laboratory animals and wildlife have fueled increasing public concern regarding the potential for various chemicals to impair human fertility.Our objective in this study was to assess the effect of occupational exposure to high levels of phthalate esters on the balance of gonadotropin and gonadal hormones including luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, free testosterone (fT), and estradiol.We examined urine and blood samples of 74 male workers at a factory producing unfoamed polyvinyl chloride flooring exposed to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and compared them with samples from 63 male workers from a construction company, group matched for age and smoking status.Compared to the unexposed workers, the exposed workers had substantially and significantly elevated concentrations of mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP; 644.3 vs. 129.6 microg/g creatinine, p < 0.001) and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP; 565.7 vs. 5.7 microg/g creatinine, p < 0.001). fT was significantly lower (8.4 vs. 9.7 microg/g creatinine, p = 0.019) in exposed workers than in unexposed workers. fT was negatively correlated to MBP (r = -0.25, p = 0.03) and MEHP (r = -0.19, p = 0.095) in the exposed worker group. Regression analyses revealed that fT decreases significantly with increasing total phthalate ester score (the sum of quartiles of MBP and MEHP; r = -0.26, p = 0.002).We observed a modest and significant reduction of serum fT in workers with higher levels of urinary MBP and MEHP compared with unexposed workers.
Reduction of Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Postprandial Hyperglycemia by Acarbose in Patients With NIDDM: A placebo-controlled dose-comparison study
Authors: Robert F Coniff, Joann A Shapiro, David Robbins, Robert Kleinfield, Timothy B Seaton, Paul Beisswenger, Janet B McGill
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and efficacy of three doses of acarbose (100, 200, and 300 mg three times daily) with placebo for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in patients maintained on dietary therapy alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled trial was 22 weeks in duration. The trial consisted of a 2-week screening period, a 4-week placebo run-in period, and a 16-week double-blind treatment period. The primary measure of drug efficacy was the mean change from baseline in HbA1c levels. Additional efficacy variables included the mean change from baseline in fasting and postprandial plasma glucose and serum insulin levels. RESULTS After 16 weeks of treatment, acarbose-treated patients had statistically significant reductions in mean HbA1c levels of 0.78, 0.73, and 1.10% (relative to placebo) in the 100-, 200-, and 300-mg t.i.d. groups, respectively. Significant reductions in fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels, glucose area under the time-concentration curve, and maximum glucose concentration were also observed in acarbose-treated patients. Although there were no statistically significant differences among the 100-, 200-, and 300-mg treatment groups, there was a trend toward a dose-response relationship for most plasma glucose variables that were measured. Gastrointestinal side effects (e.g., abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea) and serum transaminase elevations (e.g., aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] were more frequently reported in the acarbose-treated patients than in the placebo-treated control patients. Transaminase elevations occurred only at the 200-, and 300-mg dosages and were readily reversible on discontinuation of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Acarbose at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg administered three times daily for 16 weeks significantly reduced HbA1c levels and postprandial hyperglycemia. Treatment with acarbose is a safe and effective adjunct to dietary therapy for the treatment of NIDDM.
RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM AND HIP BONE MINERAL DENSITY AMONG MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Irfan Zeb, Ronney Shantouf, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Dong Li, Frishta Ataie, Jennie Jing, Song Shou Mao, Ferdinand Flores, Matthew J. Budoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Expressions of p53 and PCNA do not correlate with the international index or early response to chemotherapy in non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Akira Sakai, Kenji Oda, Hideki Asaoku, Sadanori Shintaku, Shuji Hoshino, Hajime Okita, Akiro Kimura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The expression of p53 and PCNA on deparaffinized sections of tumor was assessed in relation to the International Index and response to chemotherapy. Thirty-five non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients were divided into three groups: aggressive NHL, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and low-grade NHL. None of the expressions correlated with the International Index or early response to chemotherapy in any group. In low-grade NHL, none of the patients expressed p53. Only one of three patients with overexpression of p53 showed conformational change and alteration of sequence in exon 7 by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing. The results showed that p53 and PCNA staining were not useful for predicting early response to chemotherapy, and that their expressions had no correlation with the International Index.
Plan proposed for healthier NHS workforce
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A new report calls on Britain's health ministers to set in train a 10 point plan to tackle the high burden of ill health among the NHS workforce.

Improving the Health of the NHS Workforce points out that 27% of healthcare staff report high levels of psychological disturbance, compared with 18% of working people generally. Dr Robert Kendell, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists and a member of the partnership that drew up the report, said: “I and my colleagues are seeing …
COOPERATION OF HOSPITAL PHARMACIST AND STAFF
Authors: WILLIAM GRAY
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The work of the hospital pharmacist differs materially from that of the pharmacist in the retail drug store. To the hospital pharmacist the most important part of his work is service, while the pharmacist in a drug store is more interested in sales. The hospital pharmacist must keep in close touch with the advances in professional pharmacy and be acquainted with new remedies as they come into use, as well as with pharmaceutic progress in general. He must always stand ready to cooperate efficiently with the medical staff of the hospital, and he must be able to suggest officially recognized and tested medicines as against more expensive proprietary or branded products. This necessitates having at hand the most complete information available, in such standards as the United States Pharmacopeia, the National Formulary and New and Nonofficial Remedies.  There is a loss to the hospital when different brands of the same
Pleural Effusion and Fibrosis during Treatment with Methysergide
Authors: W. Hindle, E. Posner, M. T. Sweetnam, R. S. H. Tan
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Two patients being treated for migraine with methysergide developed extensive pleural fibrosis, and in addition one of them had bilateral pleural effusions, After treatment was stopped these complications, which are thought to have been due to the drug, cleared in the next few months.
Eosinophil chemotaxis by chemokines: a study by a simple photometric assay
Authors: H. Nagase, Y. Morita, M. Yamaguchi, H. Yamada, K. Yamamoto, S. Jibiki, K. Hirai, K. Ohta, H. Kawasaki, O. Yoshie
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background: The effects of a panel of 15 chemokines on eosinophil chemotaxis were studied by a new photometric assay which is both less tedious and less laborious than the conventional manual counting methods. Approximately 40 chemokines have been identified to date, but there is little information on the eosinophil migration‐inducing ability of chemokines other than CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 3 ligands. Methods: Eosinophil migration was measured by the Boyden chamber technique with a 96‐well multiwell chamber and polycarbonate membrane filter. Eosinophil migration was assessed by determination of the eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity, and photometric measurement was performed with a microtiter plate reader. Results: The assay was sensitive enough to detect 200 eosinophils, and the time required was within 4 h. CCR3 ligands, i.e., regulated on activation normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin, eotaxin‐2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐3, induced significant migration, while other chemokines showed no significant migration‐inducing ability. Although the chemotaxis induction by these chemokines was efficiently inhibited by anti‐CCR3 mAb, anti‐CCR1 mAb failed to show any inhibitory effects. Conclusions: The photometric assay is suitable for analyzing a large number of samples. CCR3 ligands are the most important chemokines inducing eosinophil chemotaxis; thus, CCR3 represents a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of allergic diseases.
Biological Treatments in Psychiatry
Authors: James H. Kocsis
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The most striking element of this latest revision of a textbook of biologic therapies in psychiatry by Lother Kalinowsky and two German coauthors is the inclusion of sections devoted to a wide assortment of either outmoded, scientifically untested, or known ineffective pharmacologic and somatic treatments. No other current text published in the United States in this area contains discussions of such interventions as carbon dioxide inhalation, refrigeration, acupuncture, malaria therapy, and hemodialysis.  The authors justify this approach to the subject by the arguable contention that all of the treatments discussed have contributed to our knowledge of biological psychiatry. Sophisticated readers, however, might suspect an alternative and more compelling motivation deriving from a certain European empirical tradition in organic psychiatry. Applications of a wide variation of chemical and physical interventions to human mental disorders, while not always stemming from a rational theoretical framework, indeed have produced a number of our most
Maximally Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: Norman M. Kaplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

With the increasing recognition of relatively mild hypertension, asymptomatic patients are being started on life-long therapy with antihypertensive agents. Before the diagnosis is made or therapy instituted, elevated blood pressure must be verified. To provide maximal protection against premature cardiovascular disease and coronary disease, various nondrug therapies should be used that lower both blood pressure and other risk factors. Drugs should be chosen to provide maximal efficacy, long-term safety, and multifaceted convenience, providing the greatest protection with the least interference with quality of life. These goals can be best achieved by substituting commonly used drugs such as diuretics, central agonists, and beta-blockers with vasodilators, such as alpha-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and calcium blockers.
Abstract 4350: Low frequencies of SF3B1 mutations indicate SF3B1 inhibitor as a novel moleculartargeted drug for colorectal cancer.
Authors: Tomoki Yamano, Hidenori Nakajima, Satoshi Tsuda, Shuji Kubo, Mie Hamanaka, Masayoshi Kobayashi, Daisuke Yamagishi, Takashi Kuno, Kiyoshi Tsukamoto, Astuko Tamamoto, Masafumi Noda, Nagahide Matsubara, Dave SB Hoon, Naohiro Tomita
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: FR901464 (FR) is an antitumor agent that specifically binds to and inhibits the function of splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1). Higher frequencies of SF3B1 gene mutations and their relevance to cancer progression have been shown in studies of hematological malignancies. We assessed the frequencies of SF3B1 gene mutations in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the correlation of SF3B1 mutations and FR sensitivity in CRC. Experimental Design: We measured FR sensitivity in CRC cell lines to establish FR-resistant clones and performed DNA sequencing of all 25 SF3B1 exons in nine CRC cell lines, FR-resistant clones, and 16 CRC patients. On the basis our results, we performed further DNA sequencing in 80 CRC patients. Results: The FR IC50 values in all CRC cell lines were &amp;lt; 1ng/ml. Six FR-resistant clones were established: three from DLD1, two from HCT116, and one from LoVo cells. The FR IC50 of the FR-resistant clones was &amp;gt; 500-fold greater than that of their parental cells, although the IC50 of oxaliplatin or 5-fuluorouracil were the same. We found nonsense mutations in exon 10 of DLD1 cells and no significant mutations in the other samples. All the FR-resistant clones had the missense mutations in codon 1073 of exon 22. We found no mutation in exons 10, 22, and 12-15, which were previously reported in hematological malignancies in 80 CRC patients. Conclusion: Our data indicated the usefulness of the SF3B1 inhibitor as a novel molecular targeted drug for CRC and the other malignancies without codon 1073 mutations. Citation Format: Tomoki Yamano, Hidenori Nakajima, Satoshi Tsuda, Shuji Kubo, Mie Hamanaka, Masayoshi Kobayashi, Daisuke Yamagishi, Takashi Kuno, Kiyoshi Tsukamoto, Astuko Tamamoto, Masafumi Noda, Nagahide Matsubara, Dave SB Hoon, Naohiro Tomita. Low frequencies of SF3B1 mutations indicate SF3B1 inhibitor as a novel moleculartargeted drug for colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4350. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4350
The Diabetic Foot
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The fourth edition of this treatise provides a most informative overview of the management of the multitude of foot problems encountered in the diabetic. Since, as the authors note, 15% of diabetics develop foot ulcers and 20% of all diabetics who enter hospitals do so because of foot problems, the information contained in this volume becomes essential for all members of the rather large team required to care for these patients. The initial chapters delineate newer concepts of the pathophysiology of vascular disease in the diabetic and summarize recent thoughts about the role of monocytes, growth factors, prostaglandins, lipids, and platelets in producing vascular obstruction. Perhaps a more extensive discussion of the controversies about the role of the basement membrane would have been useful. Chapter 12 on anatomy and surgical pathology would seem to me to logically belong with the initial chapters on pathology. Excellent sections on neuropathy and the
Implications of "not me" drugs for health systems: lessons from age related macular degeneration
Authors: R. J. Campbell, I. A. Dhalla, S. S. Gill, C. M. Bell
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The debate surrounding the use of new drugs for age related macular degeneration has sparked worldwide controversy. <b>Robert Campbell and colleagues</b> highlight how differing funding systems have affected use of these drugs in different countries and suggest how to deal with similar challenges in future
Health Interview Surveys. Towards international harmonisation of methods and instruments
Authors: A. Bowling
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Eds A de Bruin, H S J Picavet WHO Regional Publications, US$35.10, pp161 ISBN 92 890 1322 2

The background for Health Interview Surveys is the World Health Organisation's common health policy for Europe and targets for health. The method of assessing whether these targets have been met is through health surveys, but the use of different measures by different investigators has often prevented the comparison of results between countries. The WHO organised a series of consultations which resulted …
Comparative Analysis of MicroRNA Promoters in Arabidopsis and Rice
Authors: Xin Zhao, Lei Li
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract Endogenously-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs that modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In plants, miRNAs have increasingly been identified by experiments based on next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, promoter organization is currently unknown for most plant miRNAs, which are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. This deficiency prevents a comprehensive understanding of miRNA-mediated gene networks. In this study, by analyzing full-length cDNA sequences related to miRNAs, we mapped transcription start sites (TSSs) for 62 and 55 miRNAs in Arabidopsis and rice, respectively. The average free energy (AFE) profiles in the vicinity of TSSs were studied for both species. By employing position weight matrices (PWM) for 99 plant cis-elements, we discovered that three cis-elements were over-represented in the miRNA promoters of both species, while four and ten cis-elements were over-represented in Arabidopsis only and in rice only. Thus, comparison of miRNA promoters between Arabidopsis and rice provides a new perspective for studying miRNA regulation in plants.