tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A LARGE-SCALE MULTI ETHNIC STUDY OF A DIRECT MEASURE OF INSULIN SENSITIVITY DEMONSTRATES THAT SOUTH ASIANS ARE THE MOST INSULIN RESISTANT ETHNIC GROUP IN THE US
Authors: Monica S. Divakaruni, Fahim Abbasi, Manisha Desai, Cindy Lamendola, Latha Palaniappan, Gerald Reaven
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Skeletal muscle metaboreceptor stimulation opposes peak metabolic vasodilation in humans.
Authors: L Sinoway, S Prophet
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The total blood flow requirements of a large muscle mass can exceed the maximal cardiac output generated by the heart during exercise. Therefore, to maintain blood pressure, muscle vasodilation must be opposed by sympathetic vasoconstriction. The primary neural signal that increases sympathetic outflow is unclear. In an effort to isolate the vasoconstricting mechanism that opposes vasodilation, we measured the peak forearm vascular conductance response after the release of 10 minutes of forearm circulatory arrest under five separate study conditions: 1) no leg exercise, 2) low-level supine leg exercise, 3) low-level supine leg exercise with leg circulatory arrest after exercise, 4) high-level supine leg exercise, and 5) high-level supine leg exercise with leg circulatory arrest after exercise. We found that both high-workload conditions reduced peak forearm conductance below the no-leg exercise condition (a 34% reduction during leg exercise and a 52% reduction during leg exercise followed by leg circulatory arrest). In addition, at each workload, leg circulatory arrest after exercise, which isolated the skeletal muscle metaboreceptor contribution to vasoconstriction, reduced forearm conductance by approximately 20% below the values noted for leg exercise alone (combined central command and metaboreceptor stimulation). In a separate group of subjects, peak forearm blood flow was measured during lower-body negative pressure to levels up to -40 mm Hg, a maneuver that unloads high- and low-pressure baroreceptors. This intervention did not affect peak forearm blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Toxic Effects of Gases and Vapors
Authors: Marshall Clinton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

ACCIDENTAL poisoning as a result of the inhalation of toxic gases or vapors is encountered with discouraging frequency. The number of reports in the current literature suggests that the incidence of such poisoning is on the increase. The basic reason for this rise is the recent, rapid increase in the development and industrial use of volatile organic solvents. Unfortunately, accurate statistics concerning these cases are not available in this country for a variety of reasons. The reporting of occupational disease is encouraged by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, but is not mandatory; complete statistics are therefore not available from this source. . . .
INTRA-TYMPANIC MASSAGE AND VAPORS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC AURAL CATARRH.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association held at San Francisco. June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: H. V. WÜRDEMANN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

In the light of our present knowledge it seems that the conservative treatment for chronic catarrh in the middle ear is most generally applicable and that radical surgical procedures should be confined to the cases in which simple measures have been of no avail, where on account of decided sclerosis with dis-
The One-Year Clause in Reciprocity.
Authors: W. T. Gott
Journal: JAMA (1907)

To the Editor:\p=m-\Whenthe basis for establishing medical reciprocity was adopted by the American Confederation of Reciprocating, Examining and Licensing Boards, it was deemed wise that a clause be incorporated requiring applicants to have lived and been in active practice for at least one year or more in the state of last residence.The purpose of this requirement being for a two-fold reason, first, that an applicant might have time to establish a professional and ethical char- acter to which men with due regard for truth could certify; second, the prevention of the traveling itinerant, without responsibility, and with nosettled or fixed place of residence, from securing license in the various states entering into the reciprocity compact.We are well aware of the fact that the one year clause in
Reply from Author re: Oliver Reich. What Do We Know (or Think We Know) About Erectile Dysfunction Following Laser Treatments for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms? Eur Urol 2010;58:212–3 and Rocco Damiano, Riccardo Autorino. Sexual Outcome Following Photoselective Vaporization of the Prostate: Is There Enough Evidence? Eur Urol 2010;58:214–5
Authors: Franck Bruyère
Journal: European Urology (2010)
UN cannot be sued for alleged role in Haitian cholera outbreak, US judge rules
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The United Nations cannot be sued for its alleged role in the Haitian cholera outbreak because the international organization has immunity that only it can waive, a US judge has ruled.1

The case involves a class action lawsuit filed on behalf of US and Haitian citizens who claim that they or their relatives were made ill or killed by the ongoing cholera epidemic that broke out in Haiti in 2010.2

The suit alleges that the bacteria—a variant closely related to Vibrio cholerae El Tor O1 …
Hepatic venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation predicts regenerative status of remnant liver after partial hepatectomy in rats
Authors: Shigeru Yoshioka, Masaru Miyazaki, Hiroaki Shimizu, Hiroshi Ito, Koji Nakagawa, Satoshi Ambiru, Nobuyuki Nakajima, Yasuichiro Fukuda
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

This study was designed to evaluate the use of hepatic venous hemoglobin oxygen saturation (ShVO2) as an indicator of hepatic oxygen supply-demand relation and also regenerative status of the liver after partial hepatectomy in rats. We assessed the ShVO2 levels for 7 days, as well as hepatic hemodynamics, oxygen consumption, DNA synthesis and energy charge of the remnant liver for 3 days after 50% hepatectomy or sham operation. Total hepatic oxygen consumption (HVO2) per liver weight, hepatic oxygen extraction ratio (HO2ER), and DNA synthesis were significantly elevated at days 1 and 3 after hepatectomy, compared with the preoperative levels. Meanwhile, significantly decreased ShVO2 levels were observed at days 1 and 3, and the ShVO2 levels were significantly correlated with the HVO2. Furthermore, the decreased ShVO2 levels were synchronized with the increased DNA synthesis in the remnant liver. Energy charge levels were also significantly decreased at day 1 after hepatectomy. These results suggest that the regenerating liver demands an increased amount of oxygen for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to restore hepatic energy charge. In conclusion, the ShVO2 after hepatectomy may reflect oxygen metabolic status in the remnant liver and could be useful for estimating liver regeneration.
Amygdala-prefrontal coupling depends on a genetic variation of the serotonin transporter
Authors: Andreas Heinz, Dieter F Braus, Michael N Smolka, Jana Wrase, Imke Puls, Derik Hermann, Sabine Klein, Sabine M Grüsser, Herta Flor, Gunter Schumann, Karl Mann, Christian Büchel
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2004)
Nervous Breakdown in the Navy
Authors: R. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1944)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In The Netherlands there is no consensus about criteria for cancelling helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) dispatches. This study assessed the ability of the primary HEMS dispatch criteria to identify major trauma patients. The predictive power of other early prehospital parameters was evaluated to design a safe triage model for HEMS dispatch cancellations. <h3>Methods</h3> All trauma-related dispatches of HEMS during a period of 6 months were included. Data concerning prehospital information and inhospital treatment were collected. Patients were divided into two groups (major and minor trauma) according to the following criteria: injury severity score 16 or greater, emergency intervention, intensive care unit admission, or inhospital death. Logistic regression analysis was used to design a prediction model for the early identification of major trauma patients. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 420 trauma-related dispatches were evaluated, of which 155 concerned major trauma patients. HEMS was more often cancelled for minor trauma patients than for major trauma patients (57.7% vs 20.6%). Overall, HEMS dispatch criteria had a sensitivity of 87.7% and a specificity of 45.3% for identifying major trauma patients. Significant differences were found for vital sign abnormalities, anatomical components and several parameters of the mechanism of injury. A triage model designed for cancelling HEMS correctly identified major trauma patients (sensitivity 99.4%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The accuracy of the current HEMS dispatch criteria is relatively low, resulting in high cancellation rates and low predictability for major trauma. The new HEMS cancellation triage model identified all major trauma patients with an acceptable overtriage and will probably reduce unjustified HEMS dispatches.
Amiprilose Hydrochloride for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wayne G. Riskin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

To assess the safety and efficacy of amiprilose hydrochloride (HCl), a novel synthetic carbohydrate with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Prospective, multicenter, randomized, parallel group, double-blind placebo-controlled 12-week trial.Two hundred and one functional class I and II patients with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis, previously untreated with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs.Patients were withdrawn from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Those who flared were randomly assigned to amiprilose HCl, 6 g/d, or placebo for 12 weeks. No concomitant anti-inflammatory or antirheumatic drug therapy was permitted during the study. Combination acetaminophen and propoxyphene napsylate was the only supplemental analgesic medication allowed.The number of painful joints and swollen joints, joint pain and joint swelling indices, left and right grip strength, investigator global assessment, and patient global assessment returned to baseline for the amiprilose group and showed statistically significant (P less than 0.05) differences from the placebo group within 4 to 6 weeks. The protocol criteria for overall therapeutic response were satisfied by 41% of the amiprilose patients, compared with 21% of the placebo group (P = 0.003). Approximately 0.5 tablet per day less analgesic medication was taken by the amiprilose group (P less than 0.05 at weeks 6 and 12). There were no statistically significant differences in morning stiffness, walking time, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, or rheumatoid factor between the groups. A similar number of adverse experiences were reported by the patients on amiprilose (67%) and on placebo (63%). One patient on amiprilose developed thrombocytopenia of unknown cause; no other reported adverse effects were serious.Amiprilose HCl has significant anti-inflammatory activity and a favorable safety profile when used as the sole antirheumatic therapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Synthetic carbohydrates may represent an important new class of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory, autoimmune diseases.
Training for overseas doctors: A satisfied customer
Authors: V A Chandiramani
Journal: BMJ (1993)

and about 65 trainees.No posts are set aside or reserved either for British doctors or for those on the scheme.I endorse the final recommendation-that doctors should not come to the United Kingdom unless they have a specific understanding concerning their appointment-but this is a matter for the organisers of the Overseas Doctors Training Scheme in London and Edinburgh.
F-18 FDG Scan of a Patient With Schizencephaly and Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
Authors: Kevin K. L. Choong, Warren Yan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 47-year-old man presented for an interictal F-18 FDG brain scan. He had a history of chronic, intractable focal motor seizures, with previously documented left open lip schizencephaly and agenesis of the corpus callosum on MRI scan. The typical features of schizencephaly and corpus callosal agenesis are shown in the F-18 FDG and MRI scans.
=EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF BOCOCIZUMAB (RN316/PF-04950615), A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST PROPROTEIN CONVERTASE SUBTILISIN/KEXIN TYPE 9 IN STATIN-TREATED HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC SUBJECTS: RESULTS FROM A RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, DOSE-RANGING STUDY (NCT: 01592240)
Authors: Christie M. Ballantyne, Joel Neutel, Anne Cropp, William Duggan, Ellen Wang, David Plowchalk, Kevin Sweeney, Nitin Kaila, John Vincent, Harold Bays
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Immunosuppressive Effect of Thoracic Duct Drainage in Human Kidney Transplantation
Authors: NICHOLAS L. TILNEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Lymphocyte depletion through chronic thoracic duct fistulae in patients receiving scheduled renal allografts from genetically related donors is reviewed, and these patients are compared to others undergoing transplantation within a similar period. Clinical and statistical examination shows consistantly superior allograft performance and survival as long as 53 months after transplantation. The number and severity of rejection crises occurring within the transplantation period were significantly diminished in the lymphocytopenic host. No increased incidence of sepsis was found among those with lymphocyte drainage. Four fistula wounds of the 41 created in the series became infected. This postponed scheduled transplantation in three patients. Chronic thoracic duct drainage is effective and safe in decreasing the immunologic response of the recipient of renal transplants from genetically related donors.
Soil Screening Research Uncovers Promising New Antibiotic
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute Fibrinoid Organizing Pneumonia after Lung Transplantation
Authors: Miranda Paraskeva, Catriona McLean, Samantha Ellis, Michael Bailey, Trevor Williams, Bronwyn Levvey, Gregory I. Snell, Glen P. Westall
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Rationale: The barrier to long-term success after lung transplantation is the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. As the experience with lung transplantation accrues, it has become increasingly apparent that not all chronic allograft dysfunction is consistent with the traditionally recognized small-airway histological process of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB).Objectives: To identify and describe chronic allograft dysfunction that is not consistent with the well-described bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and to further characterize a novel histopathological process, acute fibrinoid organizing pneumonia (AFOP), that has led invariably to respiratory decline and death after lung transplantation.Methods: We evaluated 194 bilateral lung transplant recipients, identifying 87 individuals who developed chronic allograft dysfunction. They were then classified according to features on spirometry, chest imaging, and histopathological specimens.Measurements and Main Results: Two main phenotypes of chronic allograft dysfunction were identified; 39 (45%) recipients were categorized as having developed OB and 22 (25%) as having AFOP. Survival in those who developed AFOP was significantly worse than in those who developed OB (median time to death 101 vs. 294 d; P = 0.02), with all exhibiting a rapid decline in respiratory function leading to death.Conclusions: AFOP is a novel form of chronic allograft dysfunction exhibiting spirometric, radiological, and histopathological characteristics that differentiate it from OB. The further characterization of chronic allograft dysfunction and its heterogeneous manifestations will allow the targeting of clinical and experimental efforts to prevent and treat chronic allograft dysfunction.
Antiviral effect of entecavir in chronic hepatitis B: Influence of prior exposure to nucleos(t)ide analogues
Authors: Jurriën G.P. Reijnders, Katja Deterding, Jörg Petersen, Fabien Zoulim, Teresa Santantonio, Maria Buti, Florian van Bömmel, Bettina E. Hansen, Heiner Wedemeyer, Harry L.A. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Accuracy of the Clinical Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Frank J. Hildner
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was evaluated in 78 patients. The clinical diagnosis of a pulmonary embolus derived from history, symptoms, physical findings, electrocardiogram, laboratory enzymes, roentgenogram of the chest, and isotope lung scan was compared to that established by pulmonary angiography. Pulmonary emboli were demonstrated in only 32 (41%) of the 78 patients studied. Reasons for illness in the 46 (59%) patients without emboli were chiefly atelectasis, congestive heart-failure, and pneumonitis. Except for phlebitis, no element of the history clearly favored or opposed emboli. Neither symptoms, physical findings, ECG, serum enzymes, nor chest roentgenography were able to distinguish patients with embolism. The isotope lung scan could accurately detect defects in lung perfusion but was unable to differentiate causes. Pulmonary angiography remains the most objective and definitive diagnostic method.
Levothyroxine Replacement Dose for Primary Hypothyroidism Decreases with Age
Authors: ROBERT L. ROSENBAUM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

We studied 23 elderly (older than 65) and 44 younger ambulatory adult patients with primary hypothyroidism to ascertain the dose of levothyroxine needed for complete replacement in relation to age. The elderly patients (average age, 75.7 years) needed an average 118 μg/d whereas the younger patients (average age, 48.1 years) needed 158 μg/d. The data indicate that thyroxine requirement may decrease continuously with age. This decrease probably reflects the progressive decrease in thyroxine degradation rate that occurs with age.
Involvement of LFA-1 in hepatic NK cell (pit cell)-mediated cytolysis and apoptosis of colon carcinoma cells
Authors: Dianzhong Luo, David Vermijlen, Karin Vanderkerken, Peter J.K Kuppen, Carine Seynaeve, Mohammed Eddouks, Marijke Baekeland, Eddie Wisse
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Biochemistry of Animal Virus Replication
Authors: Donald F. Summers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Poliovirus Polysomes and Poliovirus RNA as mRNAIt was mentioned above that while host-cell polysomes were being broken down as a result of a virus-directed mechanism, large (400S) poliovirus-specific polysomes were also being assembled in the cytoplasm of the infected cell. These polysomes have been shown to synthesize virus–specific proteins,54 and to contain as mRNA a molecule of the same size (35S)55 and base composition56 as the RNA of mature poliovirus. Thus, the plus strand of poliovirus RNA acts as mRNA in the synthesis of virus–specific proteins. The large molecular weight (2 X 106) of this RNA and the . . .
Diet and inequalities in health in three English towns
Authors: J E Cade, D J P Barker, B M Margetts, J A Morris
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The diets of 2340 middle aged men and women living in three English towns were recorded. Consumption of fat and the other main nutrients was lowest in the northern industrial town, which had the highest death rates from ischaemic heart disease and from all causes combined. The findings suggest that differences in diet in middle age are not a major cause of differences in adult mortality between one part of Britain and another.
PTH-158 Alcohol In-Patient Detox: Withdrawing the Burden of in Patient Management
Authors: N Barry, M Vinayaga-Pavan, R Turner, V S Wong
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In 2009–10, there were 1,057,000 alcohol related admissions to a hospitals in England<sup>1</sup>. Currently patients treatmented for alcohol withdrawal require hospital admission for at least 4–7 days, to complete medical detoxification. Previous studies have shown that even those patients who have severe symptoms of withdrawal, after 2–3 days, can be safely treated in an ambulatory environment<sup>2</sup>. <h3>The Aim</h3> of this study was to identify the current burden of acute alcohol admissions to the medical unit, demographics of patients and the cost effectiveness of integrating an ambulatory care system. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective data from six months of accident and emergency (A&amp;E) admissions were reviewed from January 2012- June 2012. Patients admitted with acute alcohol intoxication or withdrawal were identified and patients notes analysed. Costings for management were estimated using data sourced from Department of Health Reference Costs 2011–12. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 203 patients presenting to A&amp;E with acute alcohol intoxication or withdrawal, 51 patients were treated for acute alcohol withdrawal (22 female, 29 male). The average age of patients was 60 years. 43% of patients were managed by acute assessment teams, 31% by gastroenterology, and 25% by general medicine. 2 patients required management in ITU. Mean length of stay 10.4 days. Of the patients reviewed the mean drinking years 8.03 with an average of 165 units of alcohol drunk per week. 50% of patients had with a documented mental health assessment, of which 74% had documented mental health conditions other than alcohol dependency. Mortality over this period was 0.1% and readmission within the six month period was averaged at 2.9 admissions. Cost of current 7 seven day inpatient admission with 4 hours of junior doctor input was costed at £2183.47 vs a three day admission with 3 three follow up ambulatory appointments and 2 two hours of junior doctor time costing £1352.57. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The burden of alcohol related admissions requires an innovative approach to improve patient care and reduce readmissions. Our study has highlighted the possibility of utilising ambulatory care in selected patients as a method of improving care and reducing the cost of admissions to hospital. It also highlighted the importance of identifying patients as high risk of mental health issues. Previous work has identifed the benefits of outpatient withdrawal in abstenence and psychological well being3. Subsequent to this study our hospital has piloted an ambulatory care pathway and prospective analysis will be completed in due course. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> www.ic.nhs.uk/pubs/alcohol12 Stockwell <i>et al.</i> Home detoxification from alcohol: its safety and efficacy in comparison with in-patient care. ALcohol and ALcoholism 26. 645–650 Fleeman <i>et al.</i> Alcohol home detoxification: A literature review. Alcohol and Alcoholism 32. 649–656