tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Right Duct Lymph Flow in Experimental Heart Failure Following Acute Elevation of Left Atrial Pressure
Authors: HERMAN N. UHLEY, SANFORD E. LEEDS, JOHN J. SAMPSON, MEYER FRIEDMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

We measured the pulmonary lymph flow in dogs with mild congestive failure before and after acute elevation of the left atrial pressure to 40 cm of water. The creation of an aorticocaval fistula and the administration of desoxycorti-costerone trimethylacetate and a salt enriched diet in 6 dogs produced mild pulmonary edema and partial expansion of the pulmonary lymphatics 10 to 12 days postoperatively. Elevation of the left atrial pressure to 40 cm of water under pentobarbital anesthesia led to an immediate increase in right duct flow in the "mild failure" dogs, in contrast to a delayed flow in normal dogs. The average peak flows in the 10- to 12-day dogs after increasing the left atrial pressure were higher than the peak flows observed in normal dogs. In addition, the mild failure dogs survived twice as long as normal dogs after acute elevation of the left atrial pressure. These results suggest that an animal with an expanded pulmonary lymph system is better able to withstand the stress of acute elevation of left atrial pressure than a normal animal. The pulmonary lymph system may serve as an important compensatory mechanism in the prevention of fulminating pulmonary edema.
Palliative care for everyone with advanced progressive incurable illness
Authors: M. Lakhani
Journal: BMJ (2015)

In a 2008 poll BMJ readers voted “palliative care in conditions other than cancer” as the intervention that would make the “greatest difference to healthcare.” If I ruled the NHS I would make this a reality. All people with advanced progressive incurable illnesses would receive palliative care regardless of diagnosis or postcode.

By doing this, we would make good care for all at the end of life the norm. People in the last years of their life or with life limiting diagnoses would be encouraged to think ahead and make advance care plans. Quality and value would improve dramatically. Moreover, it could tackle the problem of …
Abstract ADV25: Relentless in the fight against blood cancer: The Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society.
Authors: Lauren Wilkerson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Founded in 1949, The Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society (LLS) is the world's largest voluntary health organization desiccated to funding blood cancer research and providing education and patient services. Our Mission: cure leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease and myeloma and improve the quality of life for patients and their families. What we do: Invest in blood cancer research. Provide critical information and support for patients and their families. LLS's innovative programs and services are reviewed by nationally recognized thought leaders in hematology and oncology, helping us provide the best services to our patients. Advocate for issues impacting blood cancers. Why: An estimated 1.1 million people in the United States are living with, or are in remission from leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma or myeloma. Who we serve: In additional to our national headquarters in White Plains, NY, we have a network of 61 chapters throughout the United States and Canada. Our constituents live in urban, suburban and rural communities, seek treatments and large comprehensive cancer centers and community clinics and represent cultures from around the world. We work in partnership with community organizations, treatments centers and government agencies to deliver quality cancer support services to patients in our region. We work in partnership with other oncology and health organizations to meet the needs of underserved people within our community. Citation Format: Lauren Wilkerson. Relentless in the fight against blood cancer: The Leukemia &amp; Lymphoma Society. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr ADV25. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-ADV25
Fentanyl-Laced Heroin-Reply
Authors: Joshua Perper
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We welcome Fernando's comments regarding demand for potent opiates. In Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, demand for fentanyl persisted after the arrest of the manufacturer and despite extensive publicity in the local news media regarding the ill effects of the drug. Since the outbreak described by us and by Martin et al,<sup>1</sup>the coroner's office has routinely tested all persons dying in Allegheny County of unintended drug overdose for the presence of fentanyl derivatives. In March 1989, 3 months after the arrest of the drug manufacturer, two decedents had detectable fentanyl derivatives in body fluids. Anecdotal information from alleged illicit drug users suggested that fentanyl stockpiles remained in Allegheny County after the manufacturer was arrested, and demand for the drug remained robust. Fentanyl derivatives are only one among many classes of potential drugs of abuse that might be manufactured in clandestine laboratories from widely available precursors. More effective interdiction
Leisure physical activity and various pain symptoms among adolescents.
Authors: U M Kujala, S Taimela, T Viljanen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

To investigate the association between leisure physical activity and various pain symptoms in adolescents.In this nationwide cohort based cross sectional study in Finland, 698 schoolchildren, 344 girls and 354 boys, aged 10 to 17 years responded to a questionnaire on pain symptoms (neck and shoulder pain, upper back pain, low back pain, upper limb pain, lower limb pain, headache, and abdominal pain) and physical activity habits and also participated in a fitness test.Reported physical activity correlated with measured fitness. Musculoskeletal pains (p = 0.013) (in particular low back pain (p = 0.022), upper limb pain (p<0.001), and lower imb pain (p<0.001)) were found more often in subjects participating in large amounts of leisure physical activity, while non-musculoskeletal pains (p = 0.065) (in particular headache among boys (p = 0.004)) tended to be less common. Co-occurrence of different musculoskeletal pains was common in subjects participating in sports.In addition to its likely long term health benefits, vigorous physical activity causes musculoskeletal pains during adolescence. This should be considered when tailoring health promotion programmes to adolescents. Also, co-occurrence of musculoskeletal pains may occur as the result of sports activity, which should be considered as a confounder in epidemiological studies on fibromyalgia and related issues.
Increased Expression of Syndecan-1 Protects Against Cardiac Dilatation and Dysfunction After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Davy Vanhoutte, Mark W.M. Schellings, Martin Götte, Melissa Swinnen, Veronica Herias, Martin K. Wild, Dietmar Vestweber, Emmanuel Chorianopoulos, Víctor Cortés, Attilio Rigotti, Mary-Ann Stepp, Frans Van de Werf, Peter Carmeliet, Yigal M. Pinto, Stephane Heymans
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The cell-associated proteoglycan syndecan-1 (Synd1) closely regulates inflammation and cell-matrix interactions during wound healing and tumorigenesis. The present study investigated whether Synd1 may also regulate cardiac inflammation, matrix remodeling, and function after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results— First, we showed increased protein and mRNA expression of Synd1 from 24 hours on, reaching its maximum at 7 days after MI and declining thereafter. Targeted deletion of Synd1 resulted in increased inflammation and accelerated, yet functionally adverse, infarct healing after MI. In concordance, adenoviral gene expression of Synd1 protected against exaggerated inflammation after MI, mainly by reducing transendothelial adhesion and migration of leukocytes, as shown in vitro. Increased inflammation in the absence of Synd1 resulted in increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression, increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9, and decreased activity of tissue transglutaminase, associated with increased collagen fragmentation and disorganization. Exaggerated inflammation and adverse matrix remodeling in the absence of Synd1 increased cardiac dilatation and impaired systolic function, whereas gene overexpression of Synd1 reduced inflammation and protected against cardiac dilatation and failure. Conclusions— Increased expression of Synd1 in the infarct protects against exaggerated inflammation and adverse infarct healing, thereby reducing cardiac dilatation and dysfunction after MI in mice.
Two thirds of British public think spending on NHS should increase
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Nearly four fifths of people in Britain believe that the NHS should be protected from further funding cuts, a new poll has shown.1

Research by Ipsos MORI asked members of the public which areas of public spending should be exempt from further austerity measures. The NHS and healthcare scored highest (79%), followed by schools (51%), care for the elderly (51%), the police (39%), and social services (21%).

Two thirds of the public (65%) said that NHS funding should …
Are advance directives legally binding or simply the starting point for discussion on patients' best interests?
Authors: S. Bonner, M. Tremlett, D. Bell
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Following advance directives in emergencies throws up some complicated problems, as <b>Stephen Bonner and colleagues</b> found. We asked an emergency doctor (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4697), a medical defence adviser (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4693), and an ethicist (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4695) what they would do in the circumstances
A new sesquiterpene lactone and a new aromatic glycoside from Illicium difengpi
Authors: Lei Fang, Xiao-jing Wang, Shuang-gang Ma, Shi-shan Yu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

A new sesquiterpene lactone (1) and a new aromatic glycoside (2), together with three known compounds (3–5) were isolated from the stem bark of Illicium difengpi K. I. B et K. I. M. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and chemical methods. The absolute configuration of the secondary alcohol in 1 was confirmed by Mosher's method. Compound 2 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 value of 6.72 μmol/L.
Problems in the Use of Video Recordings in Training for Psychotherapy
Authors: E. Brown
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

In Britain, personnel of the state psychiatric service provide many forms of psychotherapy, to very many people. To train psychologists, psychiatrists and other professionals is therefore a large-scale task. To simplify and economize on this task, teaching methods are sought which attempt to provide the trainee with models of behaviour (towards the patient) which are efficacious. This paper offers a discussion of some theoretical and practical problems involved in this approach, which may affect both the therapeutic task and the development of the therapist.
Supervoltage Therapy Comes of Age
Authors: Howard J. Barnhard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

AS the scope of medicine becomes broader there is an increasing need for the cross-dissemination of information concerning advances in the various specialties. Supervoltage therapy has now outgrown its infancy, and in its present degree of maturity its applications have become more crystallized. The purpose of this paper is to provide some background material and then to place this mode of radiation therapy in its proper perspective.Radiotherapy may be divided into brachytherapy and teletherapy. In brachytherapy the radiant material (radium, cobalt) is within the tissues, as in tongue implants, or near the tissues, as with cervical applicators. In teletherapy . . .
Plungers and Polemics
Authors: Carin M. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<i>JAMA</i>has published a series of articles about active compression-decompression (ACD) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The series began with a letter to the editor describing the use of a toilet plunger in a successful resuscitation.<sup>1</sup>This was followed by the description of a randomized crossover trial in only 10 patients that showed improved hemodynamic outcomes with ACD CPR.<sup>2</sup>In an accompanying critical editorial, Halperin and Weisfeldt<sup>3</sup>discussed ACD CPR and other novel resuscitation techniques. Last year we published the report of an underpowered randomized trial that found significant short-term improvement with ACD CPR among four of 44 subject-outcome groups analyzed, although no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons.<sup>4</sup>
Time Course and Cellular Localization of SARS-CoV Nucleoprotein and RNA in Lungs from Fatal Cases of SARS
Authors: John M Nicholls, Jagdish Butany, Leo L. M Poon, Kwok H Chan, Swan Lip Beh, Susan Poutanen, J. S. Malik Peiris, Maria Wong
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Background Cellular localization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in the lungs of patients with SARS is important in confirming the etiological association of the virus with disease as well as in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. To our knowledge, there have been no comprehensive studies investigating viral infection at the cellular level in humans. Methods and Findings We collected the largest series of fatal cases of SARS with autopsy material to date by merging the pathological material from two regions involved in the 2003 worldwide SARS outbreak in Hong Kong, China, and Toronto, Canada. We developed a monoclonal antibody against the SARS-CoV nucleoprotein and used it together with in situ hybridization (ISH) to analyze the autopsy lung tissues of 32 patients with SARS from Hong Kong and Toronto. We compared the results of these assays with the pulmonary pathologies and the clinical course of illness for each patient. SARS-CoV nucleoprotein and RNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and ISH, respectively, primarily in alveolar pneumocytes and, less frequently, in macrophages. Such localization was detected in four of the seven patients who died within two weeks of illness onset, and in none of the 25 patients who died later than two weeks after symptom onset. Conclusions The pulmonary alveolar epithelium is the chief target of SARS-CoV, with macrophages infected subsequently. Viral replication appears to be limited to the first two weeks after symptom onset, with little evidence of continued widespread replication after this period. If antiviral therapy is considered for future treatment, it should be focused on this two-week period of acute clinical disease.
Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B: a 5-year open-label follow-up study
Authors: Patrick Marcellin, Edward Gane, Maria Buti, Nezam Afdhal, William Sievert, Ira M Jacobson, Mary Kay Washington, George Germanidis, John F Flaherty, Raul Aguilar Schall, Jeffrey D Bornstein, Kathryn M Kitrinos, G Mani Subramanian, John G McHutchison, E Jenny Heathcote
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Intramural Depolarization Potentials in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: MYRON PRINZMETAL, S. REXFORD KENNAMER, CLINTON MCK. SHAW, NOBORU KIMURA, INGA LINDGREN, ALFRED GOLDMAN
Journal: Circulation (1953)

By means of small intramural electrodes, potentials at multiple depths within the ventricular wall were recorded in myocardial infarction and in normal hearts. In 41 animals with coronary artery occlusion, electrocardiographic and histologic correlations indicated that coronary QS waves may represent negative potentials transmitted from viable intramural muscle as well as from the cavity. Coronary QR waves were obtained over transmural infarcts containing a mixture of viable and dead tissue, but not over purely subendocardial lesions. In the normal ventricle, positive depolarization potentials greatly predominated over negative potentials. Clinical applications are discussed.
Patient Advocacy in the 1990s
Authors: B Weston, M Lauria
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

In this decade of cost containment in medicine,1,2 many of us have encountered insurance carriers that denied coverage for certain medically indicated procedures or treatments. Managed care has also led to centralized planning and reimbursement for expensive treatments such as organ transplantation, with some insurers restricting the choice of institution on a contractual basis. Those of us in academic medicine have had less experience with these phenomena than other physicians, but that fact is rapidly changing.3 A recent experience at our institution highlights the ethical conflicts that can arise during the referral of a patient in a managed-care system. . . .
Inflammatory and T-cell profile of asthmatic airways 6 hours after local allergen provocation.
Authors: C Gratziou, M Carroll, S Montefort, L Teran, P H Howarth, S T Holgate
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

T cells in the airways are considered to play a key role in orchestrating the inflammatory response of asthma through the elaboration of specific cytokines. Using flow cytometry we have investigated the T-cell response of sensitized asthmatic airways 6 h after local allergen provocation. Twelve subjects with atopic asthma underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) before and 6 h after local instillation of allergen into the right middle lobe (RML) and saline into the right upper lobe (RUL). Allergen challenge produced a significant 26% fall in FEV1, an increase in eosinophils in BAL at 6 h, and at 24 h an increase in methacholine responsiveness compatible with late-phase airway inflammation. When compared with saline challenge, allergen produced an overall decrease in the number of BAL lymphocytes from 21.3 +/- 2.8% to 16.0 +/- 3.08% of total cells but no change in the proportion of CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, or HLA-DR+ cells. Allergen provocation reduced the proportion of T cells expressing the beta 2 integrin lymphocyte functional antigen-1 (LFA-1) from 72.5 +/- 30 to 43.9 +/- 9.1 mean fluorescent units (p < 0.01) and a similar trend in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (p = 0.08). These results indicate that late-phase inflammatory events 6 h after local allergen provocation involve the selective retention of airway T cells expressing specific cell adhesion molecules.
Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy (Polypill) for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Mark D. Huffman, Angharad N. de Cates, Shah Ebrahim
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Is fixed-dose combination therapy (polypill) that combines antiplatelet, blood pressure-lowering, and cholesterol-lowering medications into a single pill associated with improved cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors or reduced all-cause mortality or fatal and nonfatal CVD events? Is the polypill associated with an increase in adverse events?Polypills are associated with greater reductions in systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol compared with usual care, placebo, or active comparators, but also with a 19% higher risk of any adverse event. Due to limited power from available evidence, the association of polypills with all-cause mortality or fatal and nonfatal CVD events is uncertain.
Polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor interferes with TFEB to elicit autophagy defects in SBMA
Authors: Constanza J Cortes, Helen C Miranda, Harald Frankowski, Yakup Batlevi, Jessica E Young, Amy Le, Nishi Ivanov, Bryce L Sopher, Cassiano Carromeu, Alysson R Muotri, Gwenn A Garden, Albert R La Spada
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
Follicular lymphoma cell niche: identification of a preeminent IL-4-dependent TFH–B cell axis
Authors: C Pangault, P Amé-Thomas, P Ruminy, D Rossille, G Caron, M Baia, J De Vos, M Roussel, C Monvoisin, T Lamy, H Tilly, P Gaulard, K Tarte, T Fest
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Chemosensory Loss: Functional Consequences of the World Trade Center Disaster
Authors: Pamela H. Dalton, Richard E. Opiekun, Michele Gould, Ryan McDermott, Tamika Wilson, Christopher Maute, Mehmet H. Ozdener, Kai Zhao, Edward Emmett, Peter S.J. Lees, Robin Herbert, Jacqueline Moline
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Individuals involved in rescue, recovery, demolition, and cleanup at the World Trade Center (WTC) site were exposed to a complex mixture of airborne smoke, dust, combustion gases, acid mists, and metal fumes. Such exposures have the potential to impair nasal chemosensory (olfactory and trigeminal) function.The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction and nasal inflammation among these individuals.We studied 102 individuals who worked or volunteered at the WTC site in the days and weeks during and after 11 September 2001 (9/11) and a comparison group with no WTC exposure matched to each participant on age, sex, and job title. Participants were comprehensively evaluated for chemosensory function and nasal inflammation in a single session. Individual exposure history was obtained from self-reported questionnaires.The prevalence of olfactory and trigeminal nerve sensitivity loss was significantly greater in the WTC-exposed group relative to the comparison group [prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) = 1.96 (1.2-3.3) and 3.28 (2.7-3.9) for odor and irritation thresholds, respectively]. Among the WTC responders, however, individuals caught in the dust cloud from the collapse on 9/11 exhibited the most profound trigeminal loss. Analysis of the nasal lavage samples supported the clinical findings of chronic nasal inflammation among the WTC-exposed cohort.The prevalence of significant chemosensory impairment in the WTC-exposed group more than 2 years after their exposure raises concerns for these individuals when the ability to detect airborne odors or irritants is a critical safety factor.This outcome highlights the need for chemosensory evaluations among individuals with exposure to acute high or chronic levels of airborne pollutants.
In vitro assessment of humoral immunity following exposure to heavy metals.
Authors: L D Koller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The immune system of animals and man is extremely complex. This report will discuss the effect metals has on one segment of the immune system; that is, humoral immunity. Humoral immunity is essentially the production of antibody in response to an antigen. The B-lymphocyte is the primary cell responsible for producing antibody. However, this cell is regulated by T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Many methods are available to assess humoral immune responses. A multitude of immunoassays have been developed for enumeration of serum antibody. Some of these are immunodiffusion, complement fixation, serum neutralization, hemagglutination, radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Detection of antibody-forming cells distinguishes between effect on antibody production compared to degradation of preformed antibody. Other available methods are measurement of surface receptor (Fc and complement) activity on B-cells. Mitogens (T-independent) have also been regarded as a measurement for humoral immunity. In our laboratory, we have developed an ELISA technique that is appropriate for general assessment of humoral immune responses resulting from chemical exposure. This technique is highly sensitive and can be mechanized. The assay can easily be incorporated into the drug and chemical efficacy testing programs of industry.
Combination anti-CD74 (milatuzumab) and anti-CD20 (rituximab) monoclonal antibody therapy has in vitro and in vivo activity in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Lapo Alinari, Bo Yu, Beth A. Christian, Fengting Yan, Jungook Shin, Rosa Lapalombella, Erin Hertlein, Mark E. Lustberg, Carl Quinion, Xiaoli Zhang, Gerard Lozanski, Natarajan Muthusamy, Mette Prætorius-Ibba, Owen A. O'Connor, David M. Goldenberg, John C. Byrd, Kristie A. Blum, Robert A. Baiocchi
Journal: Blood (2011)