tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Value of Rest in Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Authors: W. F. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Colorado Springs, Colo., Sept. 13, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A very interesting letter from Dr. Chas. Denison appears in the columns ofThe Journal, of August 31. It seems to me, however, that he, as well as many others who speak of the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, voices a deeply-rooted error when he says in the concluding paragraph of his letter "they are all coming around to the same belief... namely, pure air and an<i>active</i>(italics mine) outdoor life in that climate where it can be had the easiest and most comfortably." Having myself been the victim of pulmonary tuberculosis for more than seven years 'past and becoming thereby deeply interested in all that pertains to the therapeutics of this disease and watchful of all procedures for its amelioration in others as well, I feel that the subject of exercise in this condition ought to be settled without much
Computerized physician order entry-based system to prevent HBV reactivation in patients treated with biologic agents: The PRESCRIB project
Authors: Blanca Sampedro, Cándido Hernández-López, José Ramón Ferrandiz, Aitziber Illaro, Emilio Fábrega, Antonio Cuadrado, Paula Iruzubieta, Susana Menéndez, Joaquín Cabezas, Javier Crespo
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) applications are widely used to prevent medical errors. In our center, a CPOE system has been in use since 2009 on both the inpatient and outpatient levels. A new and simple alert was introduced in the CPOE system to notify healthcare providers of the potential risk of viral reactivation when prescribing biological therapies, thereby facilitating the request for a serological profile (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], anti-HBc, and anti-HBs) in patients who have not had these tests. Between May 2012 and May 2013, a total of 1,076 patients undergoing biological treatment were included in the implementation of the CPOE in our hospital, resulting in the identification of 4 HBsAg-positive and 69 anti-HBc-positive/HBsAg-negative patients, two of them with positive viral loads. Since the implementation of this alert system, over 90% of patients who were prescribed a biological drug (BD) have undergone serological screening to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The use of the alert system has increased the screening rate from less than 50% to 94% for HBsAg and from less than 30% to 85% for anti-HBc in patients for whom a BD is prescribed. Six patients received prophylactic antiviral therapy. No patient had HBV reactivation. This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a CPOE system that has allowed our hospital to increase the rate of HBV screening. Its use has facilitated the identification of patients at high risk for HBV reactivation and permitted physicians to prescribe prophylactic measures according to current guidelines.
"IRRADIATED FOODS AND IRRADIATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS"
Authors: John W. Tomb
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —The article on  Foods and Irradiated Organic Compounds by Drs. Steenbock and Daniels (The Journal, April 11) is of the greatest interest, opening up wide fields of hitherto undreamed-of possibilities in the enhancement of the antirachitic value of foods.  From the investigations recorded in the article, it would appear that the antirachitic principle in all foods is merely a stored-up form of radiant energy.  This naturally raises the question as to whether certain other forms of light, such as radium emanation or the phosphorescence of phosphorus, may not also be antirachitic in action.  With regard to radium emanation, I am unaware of any experimental evidence on this subject; but concerning phosphorus it is highly significant that all standard textbooks on therapeutics state that the action of phosphorus in rickets is exactly analogous to that of the ultraviolet rays; that is to say, it causes spongy bone
Pathophysiology of Gestation, vol 1: Maternal Disorders
Authors: H. Robert Misenhimer
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<i>Pathophysiology of Gestation</i>is a sequel to the two-volume work,<i>Biology of Gestation</i>. Assali has once again assembled a team of experts to contribute the seven chapters making up the first volume of this new series. These chapters cover disorders of ovulation, gamete transport, uterine function, maternal circulatory and respiratory adjustments, kidney function, the liver, and the mammary gland. The book is of convenient size, printed on high-quality paper, and the illustrations are clearly reproduced. The format of each chapter is uniform, with a brief index, concise introductory statement, and a detailed discussion of the subject; yet, even with adherence to a particular format, the individuality of each author is preserved. Each chapter includes an appropriate mix of basic physiology, clinical aspects, and, where germane, suggestions for management. Each facet is supported by experimental data on basic physiology or pathophysiology. Much of the research that is cited has been done
Catheter-Related Focal FDG Activity on Whole Body PET Imaging
Authors: Peeyush Bhargava, Rakesh Kumar, Hongming Zhuang, Martin Charron, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Introduction: Whole body FDG positron emission tomography (PET) scan is increasingly being used in the management of a variety of cancers and infections. Cancer patients and other very sick patients have central venous catheters, which could be associated with common complications like thrombosis and infections. We describe catheter-related focal FDG uptake on whole body FDG PET scans in 4 patients. Materials and Methods: Four patients underwent whole body FDG-PET scanning 60 minutes after intravenous injection of F18-FDG (2 for localization of site of infection, 1 for primary cancer site localization, and 1 for restaging of colon cancer). The whole body PET images were compared and correlated with the patients' history, radiology and laboratory tests. Results: Focal and intense FDG activity is seen in all 4 patients at the distal end of the intravenous catheter. The average SUV of this activity was 6.3 (n = 3). Catheter-related thrombosis was identified as the cause of FDG activity in 3 patients, whereas catheter-related infection was considered in one patient. Conclusion: Focal and intense FDG activity, in relation to the distal end of a central venous catheter, has a benign etiology, usually seen with catheter-related venous thrombosis and can be seen with catheter related infection.
SHOULD ANTICOAGULATION THERAPY BE COMBINED WITH DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH NONVALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION?
Authors: Kay Woon Ho, Joan Ivanov, Peter Seidelin, Christopher Overgaard, mark osten, Eric Horlick, Douglas Ing, Karen Mackie, Vladmir Dzavik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Conflicts of interest Drug advertising corrupts journals
Authors: S Sussman, S Brandon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - In his editorial on the ethical problem of conflicts of interest and the BMJ Richard Smith refers to the New England Journal of Medicine leading the way with “its policies on conflict of interest.”1 He states that the editors of the American journal “have said that ‘most academic institutions and journals have not gone far enough in dealing with this problem'” and that this may be “still truer on [the British] side of the Atlantic.” The 3 March issue of the New England Journal of Medicine - a 93 page publication - contained 22 pages of drug advertisements. Notwithstanding the fact that the 2 April issue of the BMJ - a 63 page issue - contained 21 pages of pharmaceutical “offerings,” the New England Journal of Medicine hardly seems to be in a position to be in the vanguard of establishing ethical-categorical imperatives regarding the submission of articles to journals that may be funded or influenced by sources that are not impartial. This strikes me as being akin to the syndrome “do as I say and not as I behave.”

Drug companies' advertisements in medical journals may pose an even greater threat to …
Bernard Louis Mallett
Authors: R. B. Mallett
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Bernard Louis Mallett was born and educated in Bristol. He went to Colston’s School for Boys, where he developed an interest in medicine, but when he left school the second world war intervened. In 1941 he joined the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, where he saw active service in the Russian and East Coast Convoys. During his time in the navy he read Man the Unknown by Alexis Carrel, which stimulated his interest in psychiatry. At the end of the war, having made the rank of sub-lieutenant, he was stationed in Malta, where he met his first wife, Vera, who was serving in the Women’s Royal Naval Service (WRENS). They actually met while both acting in a play called “The Middle Watch.”

In 1946 he was admitted to Guy’s as a medical student and in addition to his studies took up fencing and was awarded his full …
Using financial incentives to achieve healthy behaviour
Authors: T. M Marteau, R. E Ashcroft, A. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Paying people to change their behaviour can work, at least in the short term. However, as <b>Theresa Marteau, </b><b>Richard Ashcroft, </b>and<b> Adam Oliver</b> explain, there are many unanswered questions about this approach
Reply from Authors re: Michael W. Kattan. Comparing Prediction Tools. Eur Urol 2010;57:569–70 and Andrew Vickers. Prediction Models in Urology: Are They Any Good, and How Would We Know Anyway? Eur Urol 2010;57:571–3
Authors: Lars Budäus, Giovanni Lughezzani, Maxine Sun, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Work Activity and Coronary Heart Mortality
Authors: Ralph S. Paffenbarger, Wayne E. Hale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

To appraise the role of physical activity in reducing coronary mortality among longshoremen, 6351 men, 35 to 74 years old upon entry, were followed for 22 years or to death or to the age of 75. Their longshoring experience was computed in terms of work-years according to categories of high, medium and low caloric output. Individual work assignments were reclassified annually to allow for effect of job transfers. The age-adjusted coronary death rate for the high-activity category was 26.9 per 10,000 work-years, and the medium and low categories had rates of 46.3 and 49.0, which were little different from each other. This protective "threshold" effect was seen especially for the sudden-death syndrome, in which the death rate for heavy workers was 5.6, as contrasted with 19.9 for moderate and 15.7 for light workers. We conclude that repeated bursts of high energy output established a plateau of protection against coronary mortality, and that several different mechanisms may explain this finding. (N Engl J Med 292:545–550, 1975)
Laparoscopic Retrieval of Dialysis Catheter
Authors: CONSTANTIN COPE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 July 1974Laparoscopic Retrieval of Dialysis CatheterCONSTANTIN COPE, M.D., F.A.C.P., MARK S. KRAMER, M.D.CONSTANTIN COPE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, MARK S. KRAMER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-1-121_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The intraperitoneal loss of a dialysis catheter is probably not uncommon (1, 2). The choice of treatment lies between leaving it in the abdomen as possibly a benign foreign body or removing it surgically. Either decision carries with it the possibility of infection, especially in chronically ill azotemic patients. This letter is the first known report of percutaneous laparoscopic retrieval of a peritoneal dialysis tube in a patient who was a poor surgical risk.A 71-year-old man on chronic hemodialysis for end-stage renal failure was admitted because of chest pain, bradycardia, and congestive heart failure. A serum...References1. SMITHCHAMBERLAIN EM: Complications of peritoneal dialysis. Br Med J 1:126-127, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. STEIN M: Intraperitoneal loss of a dialysis catheter. Ann Intern Med 71:869-870, 1969 LinkGoogle Scholar3. ALLENSHEMWELLMACLEOD JRD: Removal of intrauterine contraceptive devices after uterine perforation. Obstet Gynecol 40:225-230, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Departments Roentgen Diagnosis and Internal Medicine Albert Einstein Medical Center, Northern Division Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLaparoscopic versus open peritoneal dialysis catheter placementA CASE OF INTRAABDOMINAL FOREIGN BODY REQUIRING SINGLE-INCISION LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERYA Simplified Laparoscopic Salvage Technique for Malfunctioning Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis CathetersLaparoscopic evaluation of liver disease in chronic renal failure prior to renal transplantationA Matter of Trust, 1640–1649Laparoscopic repositioning of a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) catheterPeritoneal CathetersLaparoscopic removal of intraperitoneal catheter 1 July 1974Volume 81, Issue 1Page: 121-121KeywordsBradycardiaCathetersHeart failureIschemiaMedical dialysisPeritoneal dialysisRenal failureRisk management Issue Published: 1 July 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract IA32: Targeting cancer cell dependencies on developmental signal transduction pathways
Authors: Lawrence Lum
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Developmentally important signal transduction pathways such as those controlled by the secreted Wnt and Hedgehog (Hh) ligands are frequently exploited in cancerous cells to promote unfettered growth. We describe functional and chemical genomics-based efforts to recover actionable mechanisms sustaining cancer-associated Wnt and Hh signaling. We discuss chemically tractable strategies for disrupting the fatty acylation of Wnt proteins and unanticipated vulnerabilities in Hh signaling to inhibitors of the Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins. Our findings extend the portfolio of druggable enzymes with anti-cancer relevance and reveal novel compensatory prosurvival mechanisms in cancerous cells that incorporate developmental pathway components. Citation Format: Lawrence Lum. Targeting cancer cell dependencies on developmental signal transduction pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA32.
PNEUMOCEPHALUS AND SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE FOLLOWING SKULL FRACTURE
Authors: MOSES KESCHNER
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Pneumocephalus occurs in about 60 per cent of the cases of fracture of the skull involving the frontal sinus. The mechanism of the process whereby air reaches the cerebral ventricles or forms a cyst within the brain substance is generally accepted to be as follows: At the time of the fracture, there occurs, usually, a rupture of the adjacent meninges with secondary adhesions between the pia and the arachnoid. When, subsequently, the patient coughs, sneezes, strains or swallows, increased pressure in the sinus results, and air is forced through the fracture and the torn adjacent meninges into the brain substance, where it is trapped by the valvelike action of the meninges. As more and more air thus accumulates intracerebrally, the cyst gradually approaches the ventricle, into which, finally, the air escapes. In some cases the air is not intraventricular but remains encysted in the brain substance. Another theoretical method by
Professional Courtesy Is Obsolete
Authors: Lee W. Bass, Jerome H. Wolfson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Physicians in the past have been reluctant to change the practice of professional courtesy because they have considered it an essential and traditional part of medical ethics. Most doctors believe that the Oath of Hippocrates1 is the basis of medical ethics, but there is no direct mention of professional courtesy within the Oath. In 1803 Thomas Percival2 wrote a Code of Medical Ethics for the Manchester England Infirmary that first spelled out the concept of professional courtesy. The Code was written for the purpose of helping guilds, apothecaries and surgeons to get along amicably. After the publication of Percival's Code . . .
Steroid-Dependent Asthma Treated with Inhaled Beclomethasone Dipropionate
Authors: G. DAVIES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

The efficacy of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate has been examined in 44 steroid-dependent asthmatics observed for 9 months to 2 years. A 3-month double-blind trial found that subjects treated with beclomethasone had a significant diminution in symptoms, were able to reduce their use of medication, and had improved maximum expiratory flow rates. Approximately one half were able to discontinue the use of oral prednisone within 9 months after starting beclomethasone, and a further one third reduced their dose by at least 50%. No characteristics could be defined to predict responsiveness to beclomethasone. The effectiveness of beclomethasone was sustained for as long as 2 years and was not associated with any abnormal urine, blood, or serum values or chest X-ray findings. Candidiasis of the palate appeared in approximately one third of the subjects and was usually transient. The chronic use of beclomethasone did not result in endocrine suppression.
Answering the Call of `High Tech Medicine': Wedding Engineering to Healing Art, Science
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE MEDICAL STUDENT with an urge to tinker with technology as well as heal patients has, with a few exceptions, been limited to one rather arduous option: getting two separate degrees, one in medicine, the other in engineering, and then fashioning an individual career. But as the practice of medicine has become increasingly intertwined with technology, so too has the need for programs that more smoothly wed engineering acumen to clinical skills. Harkening to that call is the Biomedical Technology Research Center, jointly sponsored by Emory University School of Medicine and the Georgia Institute of Technology, both located in the Atlanta area. Launched this spring, the center is one of at least three such programs that in one way or another seek to blend the best of the two disciplines. In the words of Richard Krause, MD, dean of Emory's medical school, "we need biological engineers [who are] the equivalent
Nucleotide and Copy-Number Polymorphism at the Odorant Receptor Genes Or22a and Or22b in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Montserrat Aguadé
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

In Drosophila, odorant receptors are encoded by an old and moderately sized multigene family. Or22a and Or22b are two tandemly arranged genes of this family that have proved to be the result of a rather young duplication. Nucleotide variation in the region spanning both duplicates was surveyed in four natural populations (two African and two non-African) of Drosophila melanogaster and also analyzed in species of the melanogaster subgroup. The intraspecific survey revealed a particular copy-number polymorphism in some of the studied populations, with the two genes (Or22a and Or22b) present in the long variant and a single chimeric gene (Or22ab) present in the short variant. Estimated nucleotide diversity was higher in the short than in the long variant, despite the ancestral character of the latter variant in D. melanogaster. The general skew toward low-frequency variants detected in the non-African long variant and its reduced level of silent polymorphism relative to divergence is consistent with the recent fixation of an advantageous mutation at, or nearby, the Or22 long variant region. The nonnegligible frequency of the short variant and the presence of a highly divergent haplotype in the East African sample would point to direct or indirect selection for its maintenance in the species. There was evidence for a generally more rapid evolution of the Or22b copy at both synonymous and nonsynonymous sites. However, an excess of nonsynonymous substitutions was only detected in the early history of this copy.
A Smac Mimetic Rescue Screen Reveals Roles for Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Signaling
Authors: Alex Gaither, Dale Porter, Yao Yao, Jason Borawski, Guang Yang, Jerry Donovan, David Sage, Joanna Slisz, Mary Tran, Christopher Straub, Tim Ramsey, Vadim Iourgenko, Alan Huang, Yan Chen, Robert Schlegel, Mark Labow, Stephen Fawell, William R. Sellers, Leigh Zawel
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Smac mimetic compounds targeting the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) baculoviral IAP repeat-3 domain are presumed to reduce the threshold for apoptotic cell death by alleviating caspase-9 repression. We explored this tenet in an unbiased manner by searching for small interfering RNAs that are able to confer resistance to the Smac mimetic compound LBW242. Among the screening hits were multiple components of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) signaling pathway as well as X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) itself. Here, we show that in a subset of highly sensitive tumor cell lines, activity of LBW242 is dependent on TNFalpha signaling. Mechanistic studies indicate that in this context, XIAP is a positive modulator of TNFalpha induction whereas cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 negatively regulates TNFalpha-mediated apoptosis.
End-Tidal Pco2 During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Reply
Authors: Arthur B. Sanders, Karl B. Kern, Charles W. Otto, Melinda M. Milander, Gordon A. Ewy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the comments of Weil et al and Dr Yetiv regarding our recent article. Weil et al noted the potential importance of the continuous measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We agree and note that P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>was continuously monitored in all 35 patients reported. Trends in P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>were reported in Fig 2 of the article. Patients who were not successfully resuscitated showed a steady and significant decline in P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>, while successfully resuscitated patients showed an increase in P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>that was not statistically significant. We caution the reader, however, about making conclusions that our experimental methodology was not designed to test. We demonstrated a strong clinical association between P<sub>ET</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>during ongoing CPR efforts and resuscitation and survival from cardiac arrest. It remains to be demonstrated