tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allopurinol Dissolution of Renal Uric Acid Calculi
Authors: Robert Wasko
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  A 49-year-old 285-lb man with a three-year history of gouty arthritis showed multiple nonopaque renal calculi in the kidney and inferior calyx on the right. The largest stone, 3 × 2 cm, was present in the pelvis. These were documented by x-ray film in May 1966. Diet restriction, increased fluid intake, administration of allopurinol and colchicine, and an attempt at urinary alkalinization were begun in October.  Three months later, the patient was markedly improved. Serum uric acid determinations, which previously had been elevated to 7 to 8 mg/100 cc, were normal. Despite attempts to achieve a sustained urinary alkalinization, this was unsuccessful. A pyelogram in January 1967, showed no stones in the right side of the pelvis but small calculi in the inferior calices. In October 1967, the intravenous pyelogram was normal. The patient remained asymptomatic. At no time was there any suggestion of passage of calculi.
Evidence above vitriol
Authors: P. J. Robb
Journal: BMJ (2010)

In his diatribe, Spence states that common paediatric ear, nose, and throat operations are ineffective, with no evidence for them.1

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guideline concluded that if hearing loss persisted, grommet surgery is the only effective remedy.2 The Cochrane review is not new, but an updated literature search.3 Of trials meeting inclusion criteria for …
Chronic graft-vs.-host disease of the liver: Another indication of ursodeoxycholic acid? Fried RH, Murakami CS, Fisher LD, Willson RA, Sullivan KM, McDonald GB. Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment of refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease of the liver. Ann Intern Med 1992;116:624–629
Authors: S Erlinger
Journal: Hepatology (1992)
On the After-Treatment of Cataract and other Operative Cases to the Exclusion of Dark Rooms, Bandages, Etc
Authors: S. Snell
Journal: BMJ (1888)

applicability is one great feature.The gentle, moderate, and diffased power of a fluid is substituted for leverage instruments and pressure outside the eye It rejuvenates old methods discarded, unsettles old notions about ripeness of cataracts, and brings us nearer the goal of the surgeon-to give speedy and effectual relief to sufferers hitherto doomed by imperfect muethods to long years of delay and misfortune.I do not wish to say that any one ot all the instruments devised for intra-ocular injection is perfect.I wish to emphasise the method as
Restrictive lung function and asbestos-induced pleural fibrosis. A quantitative approach.
Authors: D A Schwartz, J R Galvin, S J Yagla, S B Speakman, J A Merchant, G W Hunninghake
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

To assess further the clinical significance of asbestos-induced pleural fibrosis, we used a computer algorithm to reconstruct images three dimensionally from the high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest in 60 asbestos-exposed subjects. Pulmonary function tests, chest radiographs, and HRCT scans were performed on all study subjects. The volume of asbestos-induced pleural fibrosis was computed from the three-dimensional reconstruction of the HRCT scan. Among those with pleural fibrosis identified on the HRCT scan (n = 29), the volume of the pleural lesion varied from 0.01% (0.5 ml) and 7.11% (260.4 ml) of the total chest cavity. To investigate the relationship between asbestos-induced pleural fibrosis and restrictive lung function, we compared the computer-derived estimate of pleural fibrosis to the total lung capacity and found that these measures were inversely related (r = -0.40; P = 0.002). After controlling for age, height, pack-years of cigarette smoking, and the presence of interstitial fibrosis on the chest radiograph, the volume of pleural fibrosis identified on the three-dimensional reconstructed image from the HRCT scan was inversely associated with the total lung capacity (P = 0.03) and independently accounted for 9.5% of the variance of this measure of lung volume. These findings further extend the scientific data supporting an independent association between pleural fibrosis and restrictive lung function.
Glucagon
Authors: GERALD GLICK, WILLIAM W. PARMLEY, ANDREW S. WECHSLER, EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK, Robert M. Lewis, Richard D. McGill
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

The action of glucagon on cardiac performance was studied in 21 isolated cat papillary muscle preparations, in 13 spontaneously beating cat atria, in 15 intact dog hearts, and in 4 isolated perfused dog hindlimbs. In each papillary muscle preparation, addition of glucagon produced marked increases in maximal developed tension, averaging 36±4.2% ( SEM ) ( P &lt; 0.01), and shifted the force-velocity curve upwards and to the right, indicating that contractility was augmented. Glucagon always increased the rate of the spontaneously beating atrium, the rise averaging 28.8±5.5 contractions/min ( P &lt; 0.01). In the dog, myocardial performance was markedly augmented by the administration of glucagon, 50 µg/kg iv, as indicated by an average increase of 72.2±18.4% ( P &lt; 0.01) in the left ventricular peak dP/dt and of 58.9±12.8% ( P &lt; 0.01) in force recorded by a strain gauge arch, despite an average decrease of 3.8±1.2 cm H 2 O ( P &lt; 0.02) in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Heart rate rose an average of 38.7±10.9 beats/min ( P &lt; 0.02). Small but significant decreases in peripheral vascular resistance were produced. Single intravenous injections produced effects lasting 15 to 20 minutes. Propranolol did not prevent the inotropic responses in either the cat or dog preparations but markedly decreased the chronotropic effects.
Variant <i>GADL1</i> and Response to Lithium Therapy in Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Chien-Hsiun Chen, Chau-Shoun Lee, Ming-Ta Michael Lee, Wen-Chen Ouyang, Chiao-Chicy Chen, Mian-Yoon Chong, Jer-Yuarn Wu, Happy Kuy-Lok Tan, Yi-Ching Lee, Liang-Jen Chuo, Nan-Ying Chiu, Hin-Yeung Tsang, Ta-Jen Chang, For-Wey Lung, Chen-Huan Chiu, Cheng-Ho Chang, Ying-Sheue Chen, Yuh-Ming Hou, Cheng-Chung Chen, Te-Jen Lai, Chun-Liang Tung, Chung-Ying Chen, Hsien-Yuan Lane, Tung-Ping Su, Jung Feng, Jin-Jia Lin, Ching-Jui Chang, Po-Ren Teng, Chia-Yih Liu, Chih-Ken Chen, I-Chao Liu, Jiahn-Jyh Chen, Ti Lu, Chun-Chieh Fan, Ching-Kuan Wu, Chang-Fang Li, Kathy Hsiao-Tsz Wang, Lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu, Hsin-Ling Peng, Chun-Ping Chang, Liang-Suei Lu, Yuan-Tsong Chen, Andrew Tai-Ann Cheng
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Lithium has been a first-line choice for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders to prevent relapse of mania and depression, but many patients do not have a response to lithium treatment.
Measles in adults: a prospective study of 291 consecutive cases.
Authors: M Giladi, A Schulman, R Kedem, Y L Danon
Journal: BMJ (1987)

voluntary reporting, and no conclusions can be drawn about the comparative incidence of adverse effects to different drugs.Our data show that indapamide may cause skin reactions, and the Dutch experience suggests that cross sensitivity to other thiazides is probably rare.Rashes with indapamide were frequently reported, but whether these are relatively frequent can be confirmed or disproved only by further study.
Different secretion patterns of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with congestive heart failure.
Authors: M Yoshimura, H Yasue, K Okumura, H Ogawa, M Jougasaki, M Mukoyama, K Nakao, H Imura
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND The plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are increased in relation to the severity of congestive heart failure (CHF). This study was designed to examine whether the secretion patterns of ANP and BNP vary with underlying cardiac disorders of CHF with different degrees of overload in atria and ventricles. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured plasma levels of ANP and BNP in the aorta in 20 patients with mitral stenosis (MS) in whom atria are mainly overloaded, 30 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in whom both atria and ventricles are overloaded, and 20 control subjects during cardiac catheterization. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was significantly higher in the MS and DCM groups (16.7 +/- 4.7 mm Hg and 15.1 +/- 7.7 mm Hg, respectively) than in the control group (7.2 +/- 1.1 mm Hg, p &lt; 0.01), whereas there was no significant difference between the MS and DCM groups. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was significantly higher in the DCM group than in the MS group (16.4 +/- 7.8 mm Hg versus 7.6 +/- 2.0 mm Hg, p &lt; 0.01), and the level was comparable between the MS and control groups (7.6 +/- 2.0 mm Hg versus 6.8 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, p = NS). The plasma ANP level was significantly higher in the MS and DCM groups (356 +/- 169 pg/ml and 331 +/- 323 pg/ml, respectively) than in the control group (98 +/- 41 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.01), whereas there was no significant difference between the MS and DCM groups. The plasma BNP level was significantly higher in the DCM group than in the MS group (333 +/- 405 pg/ml versus 147 +/- 54 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.01), and the level was significantly higher in the MS group than in the control group (147 +/- 54 pg/ml versus &lt; 10 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.01). The plasma levels of ANP and BNP had a highly positive correlation with PCWP in the DCM group (p &lt; 0.01). On the other hand, in the MS group, the plasma ANP level had a highly significant correlation with PCWP (p &lt; 0.01) but the plasma BNP level did not. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that plasma levels of BNP mainly reflect the degree of ventricular overload and that the secretion patterns of ANP and BNP vary with underlying cardiac disorders of CHF with different degrees of overload in atria and ventricles.
Genetic polymorphisms of ADH2, ADH3, CYP4502E1 Dra-I and Pst-I, and ALDH2 in Spanish men: lack of association with alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Francesc Vidal, Alfons Lorenzo, Teresa Auguet, Montserrat Olona, Montserrat Broch, Cristina Gutiérrez, Carmen Aguilar, Pere Estupiñà, Mauro Santos, Cristóbal Richart
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Phase II Study: Treatment of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma With an Oral Antitumor Derivative of Bis(2,6-dioxopiperazine)
Authors: Ryuzo Ohno, Kazumasa Yamada, Masami Hirano, Shigeru Shirakawa, Masao Tanaka, Takashi Oguri, Yoshihisa Kodera, Yasuharu Mitomo, Yasushi Ikeda, Shozo Yokomaku, Osamu Kamiya, Masahide Kobayashi, Hidehiko Saito, Kiyoji Kimura
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Although razoxane (ICRF-159), a derivative of bis(2,6-dioxopiper-azine), has shown significant antitumor activity in several murine tumors, inadequate bioavailability has limited its clinical efficacy. Sobuzoxane (MST-16), another derivative of bis(2,6-dioxopi-perazine), has shown activity against a broad spectrum of murine tumors and human tumor xenografts in nude mice and a lack of cross-resistance to vin-cristine, doxorubicin, cyclophospha-mide, fluorouracil, etoposide, and mitomycin C. These findings suggest that MST-16 has a mode of cytocidal activity different from that of other antitumor agents. The present late phase II study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and toxicity of MST-16 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). As part of a multi-institutional cooperative study, we conducted a study of MST-16 in 27 patients with NHL who were assessable for drug efficacy and toxicity. MST-16, a bis(2,6-dioxopiperazine) analogue and an inhibitor of topoisomerase II, was administered orally at a dose of 1600 mg/m 2 a day for 5–7 days at intervals of 2-3 weeks. Response consisted of one complete remission and seven partial remissions in 27 assessable patients. Response was achieved at a median of 13 days (range, 9–62 days) after initiation of therapy and lasted a median of 46 days (range, 29–155 days). Major toxic effects were leukopenia in 70% of the patients, thrombocytopenia in 44%, and gastrointestinal disorders in 37%. MST-16 was shown to be effective in NHL and deserves further clinical trial, since the drug shows little cross-resistance to available antitumor drugs. Phase II clinical studies of MST-16 in treatment of breast cancer, gastric cancer, and adult T-cell leukemia and lymphoma are also being conducted in Japan. Future trials of combination chemotherapy using MST-16 with other antitumor drugs are warranted in view of the additive effects observed in studies of MOLT-3 cells and studies of L1210 leukemia in mice. [J Natl Cancer Inst 84:435–438, 1992]
Role of the Decrement in Intraislet Insulin for the Glucagon Response to Hypoglycemia in Humans
Authors: Niyaz R. Gosmanov, Ervin Szoke, Zarmen Israelian, Tamar Smith, Philip E. Cryer, John E. Gerich, Christian Meyer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—Animal and in vitro studies indicate that a decrease in β-cell insulin secretion, and thus a decrease in tonic α-cell inhibition by intraislet insulin, may be an important factor for the increase in glucagon secretion during hypoglycemia. However, in humans this role of decreased intraislet insulin is still unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We studied glucagon responses to hypoglycemia in 14 nondiabetic subjects on two separate occasions. On both occasions, insulin was infused from 0 to 120 min to induce hypoglycemia. On one occasion, somatostatin was infused from −60 to 60 min to suppress insulin secretion, so that the decrement in intraislet insulin during the final 60 min of hypoglycemia would be reduced. On the other occasion, subjects received an infusion of normal saline instead of the somatostatin. RESULTS—During the 2nd h of the insulin infusion, when somatostatin or saline was no longer being infused, plasma glucose (∼2.6 mmol/l) and insulin levels (∼570 pmol/l) were comparable in both sets of experiments (both P &amp;gt; 0.4). In the saline experiments, insulin secretion remained unchanged from baseline (−90 to −60 min) before insulin infusion and decreased from 1.20 ± 0.12 to 0.16 ± 0.04 pmol · kg−1 · min−1 during insulin infusion (P &amp;lt; 0.001). However, in the somatostatin experiments, insulin secretion decreased from 1.18 ± 0.12 pmol · kg−1 · min−1 at baseline to 0.25 ± 0.09 pmol · kg−1 · min−1 before insulin infusion so that it did not decrease further during insulin infusion (−0.12 ± 0.10 pmol · kg−1 · min−1, P = 0.26) indicating the complete lack of a decrement in intraislet insulin during hypoglycemia. This was associated with ∼30% lower plasma glucagon concentrations (109 ± 7 vs. 136 ± 9 pg/ml, P &amp;lt; 0.006) and increments in plasma glucagon above baseline (41 ± 8 vs. 67 ± 11 pg/ml, P &amp;lt; 0.008) during the last 15 min of the hypoglycemic clamp. In contrast, increases in plasma growth hormone were ∼70% greater during hypoglycemia after somatostatin infusion (P &amp;lt; 0.007), suggesting that to some extent the increases in plasma glucagon might have reflected a rebound in glucagon secretion. CONCLUSIONS—These results provide direct support for the intraislet insulin hypothesis in humans. However, the exact extent to which a decrement in intraislet insulin accounts for the glucagon responses to hypoglycemia remains to be established.
Clinical Outcome of Stage I/II Melanoma Patients After Selective Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection: Long-Term Follow-Up Results
Authors: R.J.C.L.M. Vuylsteke, P.A.M. van Leeuwen, M.G. Statius Muller, H.A. Gietema, D.R. Kragt, S. Meijer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: Although sentinel lymph node (SLN) status is part of the new American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, there is no final proof that the SLN procedure in melanoma patients influences outcome of disease. This study investigated the accuracy of the SLN procedure and clinical outcome in melanoma patients after at least 60 months of follow-up. Patients and Methods: Between 1993 and 1996, 209 patients with stage I/II cutaneous melanoma underwent selective SLN dissection by the triple technique. If the SLN contained metastatic disease, a completion lymphadenectomy was performed. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier approach. Factors associated with survival were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: The success rate was 99.5%. Median follow-up was 72 months. Forty patients (19%) had a positive SLN. The false-negative rate was 9%. Five-year overall survival was 87% for the entire group and 92% and 67% for SLN-negative and SLN-positive patients (P &lt; .0001), respectively. All patients with a positive SLN and a Breslow thickness ≤ 1.00 mm survived, and SLN-positive patients with a Breslow thickness less than 2.00 mm tend to have a better prognosis compared with SLN-negative patients with a Breslow thickness greater than 2.00 mm. SLN status (P = .002), Breslow thickness (P = .002), and lymphatic invasion (P = .0009) were all found to be independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Conclusion: With a success rate of 99.5% and a false-negative rate of 9% after long-term follow-up, the triple-technique SLN procedure is a reliable and accurate method. Survival data seem promising, although a therapeutic effect is still questionable. As shown in this study, not all SLN-positive patients have a poor prognosis.
PROLAPSE OF THE UTERUS
Authors: FRANKLIN H. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

We were taught: "Keep the cervix of the uterus in the hollow of the sacrum and the rest of the organ will take care of itself." This teaching is just as applicable now for prolapse of the uterus in the modern treatment of that condition as it was found for all kinds of displacements of the uterus, when these conditions were treated by pessaries and multitudes of "methods" of surgery. The most modern and satisfactory operation for extreme descent of the uterus is undoubtedly the Dührssen-Watkins-Wertheim anterior transposition operation. This involves the placing of the fundus beneath the bladder and making a high restoration of the rectovaginal septum. This throws the uterus into extreme anteversion and places its fundus below the bladder—between it and the anterior vaginal wall. This, of necessity, turns the cervix backward and with a fulcrum of the highly restored levator ani muscles to act beneath it
DNA profiling analysis of 100 consecutive de novo acute myeloid leukemia cases reveals patterns of genomic instability that affect all cytogenetic risk groups
Authors: J Suela, S Álvarez, F Cifuentes, C Largo, B I Ferreira, D Blesa, M Ardanaz, R García, J A Marquez, M D Odero, M J Calasanz, J C Cigudosa
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Release of Prostaglandin by Mitogen- and Antigen-Stimulated Leukocytes in Culture
Authors: Victor A. Ferraris, Frederick R. DeRubertis, Thomas H. Hudson, Leon Wolfe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The prostaglandin (PG) content of mitogen- and antigen-stimulated leukocyte cultures was examined by a radioimmunoassay procedure empolying an antiserum reactive with PGB(1) and PGB(2), the alkaline dehydration products of PGE and PGA. At 48 h, mitogen-activated mouse spleen cell cultures showed 2-10-fold increases in the PGE, but not in the PGA, component of immunoreactive PG (iPG) fractionated by silicic acid column chromatography. Increases in iPG were detectable by h 16 in spleen cell cultures incubated with staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Since iPG levels rose only in the culture supernates and not in cells exposed to mitogens for 48 h, increases reflected extracellular release of PG. The validity of the radioimmunoassay determinations of PGE in spleen cell cultures was supported by the results of concomitant assessment of the PGE(2) content of basal and enterotoxin-stimulated cultures by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. By the latter method, the PGE(2) content was three-fold higher in enterotoxin-activated, compared to basal, cultures at 48 h. Aspirin effectively suppressed increases in both iPG and PGE(2). In spleen cell cultures prepared from mice previously inoculated with an attenuated strain of yellow fever virus in vivo and then incubated with this virus in vitro, iPG levels increased twofold over basal at 48 h. By contrast, iPG content of spleen cell cultures prepared from saline-inoculated mice was not appreciably altered by exposure to the virus in vitro. The enhancement of iPG release from cultured spleen cells by mitogens did not correlate with an ability of these agents to increase cellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Moreover, epinephrine and cholera toxin markedly increased spleen cell cAMP content but had no demonstrable effect on basal iPG levels, suggesting iPG release from these cells was not mediated by cAMP. Incubation with mitogens also enhanced the iPG content of 72-cultures of human peripheral leukocytes and of human lymphocytes isolated by nylon chromatography. However, the iPG of cultures of human lymphocytes purified by glass bead chromatography and of mouse thymocytes was not appreciably altered when these cells were cultured with mitogens, even though DNA synthesis in both instances was markedly increased. Accordingly, iPG release was not an invariable concomitant of increased DNA synthesis in lymphoid cell cultures. In summary, the results demonstrate that mitogen and antigen stimulation of leukocytes in culture may be accompanied by enhanced release of PGE. The mechanisms mediating this phenomenon and its biologic significance remain to be delineated, but participation of PGE in immunologically induced inflammatory responses seems possible.
Diet and psoriasis: experimental data and clinical evidence
Authors: M. Wolters
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Psoriasis is considered as a T-cell-mediated inflammatory skin disease which is characterized by hyperproliferation and poor differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. While susceptibility to psoriasis is inherited, the disease is influenced by environmental factors such as infections and stress. Diet has been suggested to play a role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis. Fasting periods, low-energy diets and vegetarian diets improved psoriasis symptoms in some studies, and diets rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil also showed beneficial effects. All these diets modify the polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and influence the eicosanoid profile, so that inflammatory processes are suppressed. Some patients with psoriasis show an elevated sensitivity to gluten. In patients with IgA and/or IgG antigliadin antibodies the symptoms have been shown to improve on a gluten-free diet. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, exhibits antiproliferative and immunoregulatory effects via the vitamin D receptor, and thus is successfully used in the topical treatment of psoriasis. In this review, dietary factors which play a role in psoriasis are assessed and their potential benefit is evaluated. Furthermore, the risk of drug–nutrient interactions in psoriasis therapy is discussed.