tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of Controllable Lifestyle on Recent Trends in Specialty Choice by US Medical Students
Authors: E. Ray Dorsey, David Jarjoura, Gregory W. Rutecki
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Recent specialty choices of graduating US medical students suggest that lifestyle may be an increasingly important factor in their career decision making.To determine whether and to what degree controllable lifestyle and other specialty-related characteristics are associated with recent (1996-2002) changes in the specialty preferences of US senior medical students.Specialty preference was based on analysis of results from the National Resident Matching Program, the San Francisco Matching Program, and the American Urological Association Matching Program from 1996 to 2002. Specialty lifestyle (controllable vs uncontrollable) was classified using earlier research. Log-linear models were developed that examined specialty preference and the specialty's controllability, income, work hours, and years of graduate medical education required.Proportion of variability in specialty preference from 1996 to 2002 explained by controllable lifestyle.The specialty preferences of US senior medical students, as determined by the distribution of applicants across selected specialties, changed significantly from 1996 to 2002 (P<.001). In the log-linear model, controllable lifestyle explained 55% of the variability in specialty preference from 1996 to 2002 after controlling for income, work hours, and years of graduate medical education required (P<.001).Perception of controllable lifestyle accounts for most of the variability in recent changing patterns in the specialty choices of graduating US medical students.
Antiviral treatment in patients with indolent B-cell lymphomas associated with HCV infection: a study of the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi
Authors: L. Arcaini, D. Vallisa, S. Rattotti, V.V. Ferretti, A.J.M. Ferreri, P. Bernuzzi, M. Merli, M. Varettoni, A. Chiappella, A. Ambrosetti, A. Tucci, C. Rusconi, C. Visco, M. Spina, G. Cabras, S. Luminari, M. Tucci, P. Musto, M. Ladetto, F. Merli, C. Stelitano, A. d'Arco, L. Rigacci, A. Levis, D. Rossi, P. Spedini, S. Mancuso, D. Marino, R. Bruno, L. Baldini, A. Pulsoni
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Calcitonin inhibits production of immunoglobulins, rheumatoid factor and interleukin-1 by mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: S Aida, M Okawa-Takatsuji, S Aotsuka, K Shimoji, R Yokohari
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVES--Elcatonin (eCT), an eel calcitonin derivative, is shown to considerably improve the clinical signs and symptoms, as well as laboratory data, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The therapeutic efficacy of eCT, however, is reduced by preceding and/or concomitant use of corticosteroid. Thus the effects of eCT on the production of immunoglobulins, IgMRF and interleukin-1 (IL-1) by mononuclear cells (MNCs)/monocytes were studied, and compared among patients with RA that received three kinds of treatment and also normal volunteers (NV). METHODS--Ten patients with RA had been treated with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug only (NSAID group), 11 with oral prednisolone (PSL group), and eight with intramuscular eCT (eCT group). MNCs/monocytes from these patients, and also 10 from the NV group, were collected and cultured. IgG, IgA, IgM, IgMRF, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in the supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the NSAID, PSL and NV groups, eCT was added to the culture medium, and the effects of eCT on production of these substances were studied. RESULTS--Baseline production of IgM, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta by MNCs/monocytes in the eCT and NV groups was significantly lower than that in the NSAID group. Furthermore, addition of eCT to the culture medium significantly inhibited the productions of IgG, IgMRF, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta by MNCs/monocytes in the NSAID group, whereas production of neither IgG, IgA, IgM, IgMRF nor IL-1 by MNCs/monocytes in the PSL and NV groups was affected by eCT. CONCLUSION--eCT may regulate immune responses through MNC/monocyte function in patients with RA. The present results support our proposal that eCT is an effective agent for the treatment of RA.
Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as polymyalgia rheumatica in the elderly.
Authors: C W Hutton, P J Maddison
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Three patients who developed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) over the age of 60 are described. All patients presented with a clinical syndrome typical of polymyalgia rheumatica. In two cases there was an underlying myositis.
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, myositis, rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma share activation of a common type I interferon pathway
Authors: B. W. Higgs, Z. Liu, B. White, W. Zhu, W. I. White, C. Morehouse, P. Brohawn, P. A. Kiener, L. Richman, D. Fiorentino, S. A. Greenberg, B. Jallal, Y. Yao
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To characterise activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic scleroderma (SSc) and to evaluate the potential to develop a molecular diagnostic tool from the peripheral blood that reflects this activation in disease-affected tissues. <h3>Methods</h3> Overexpressed transcripts were identified in the whole blood (WB) of 262 patients with SLE, 44 with DM, 33 with PM, 28 with SSc and 89 with RA and compared with 24 healthy subjects using Affymetrix microarrays. A five gene type I IFN signature was assessed in these subjects to identify subpopulations showing both activation and concordance of the type I IFN pathway in the peripheral blood and disease-affected tissues of each disease and to correlate activation of this pathway in the WB with clinical measurements. <h3>Results</h3> A common set of 36 type I IFN inducible transcripts were identified among the most overexpressed in the WB of all subjects. Significant activation of the type I IFN pathway in subgroups of each of the five diseases studied was observed. Baseline disease activity measurements correlated with a type I IFN gene signature in the WB of subjects with SLE, PM and SSc, as did various serum autoantibody levels in subjects with SLE and DM. This signature was also well correlated between disease-affected tissue and WB in subjects with SLE, DM, PM and SSc. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results indicate that the type I IFN pathway is activated in patient subsets of five rheumatic diseases and suggest that these subsets may benefit from anti-IFN therapy.
Expression of variants of the major surface glycoprotein of Pneumocystis carinii.
Authors: C W Angus, A Tu, P Vogel, M Qin, J A Kovacs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Previously, we have shown that a multicopy family of related but unique genes encodes the major surface glycoprotein (MSG) of Pneumocystis carinii. To examine whether different members of this gene family are expressed by P. carinii, antisera were prepared against peptides whose sequences were determined from the deduced amino acid sequences of variants of rat-derived MSG. Immunohistochemical staining of serial sections of rat lungs of infected animals showed that at least three variants of MSG were expressed in an individual lobe, that there was a focal expression of these variants within the lung, and that the relative numbers of these foci were different. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of purified P. carinii organisms using these antisera revealed that at least three variants of MSG were present in organisms isolated from an individual rat and that both cysts and trophozoites reacted with each antiserum. A substantial difference in the fraction of organisms reacting with a specific antipeptide antiserum was seen when comparing organisms isolated from rats raised in a single colony over a period of two years as well as organisms isolated at one time point from rats raised in different colonies. This demonstration of antigenic variation in P. carinii supports the hypothesis that P. carinii utilizes such variation for evading host defense mechanisms.
Comparison of Genomics and Functional Imaging from Canine Sarcomas Treated with Thermoradiotherapy Predicts Therapeutic Response and Identifies Combination Therapeutics
Authors: Jen-Tsan Chi, Donald E. Thrall, Chen Jiang, Stacey Snyder, Diane Fels, Chelsea Landon, Linda McCall, Lan Lan, Marlene Hauck, James R. MacFall, Benjamin L. Viglianti, Mark W. Dewhirst
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

While hyperthermia is an effective adjuvant treatment to radiotherapy, we do not completely understand the nature of the response heterogeneity.We performed gene expression analysis of 22 spontaneous canine sarcomas before and after the first hyperthermia treatment administered as an adjuvant to radiotherapy. In parallel, diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) was done prior to the treatment course and at the end of therapy.From the integrative analysis of gene expression and DWI, we identified significant correlation between tumor responses with genes involved in VEGF signaling, telomerase, DNA repair, and inflammation. The treatment-induced changes in gene expression identified 2 distinct tumor subtypes with significant differences in their gene expression and treatment response, as defined by changes in DWI. The 2 tumor subtypes could also be readily identified by pretreatment gene expression. The tumor subtypes, with stronger expression response and DWI increase, had higher levels of HSP70, POT1, and centrosomal proteins, and lower levels of CD31, vWF, and transferrin. Such differential gene expression between the 2 subtypes was used to interrogate connectivity map and identify linkages to an HSP90 inhibitor, geldanamycin. We further validated the ability of geldanamycin to enhance cell killing of human tumor cells with hyperthermia and radiotherapy in clonogenic assays.To our knowledge, this is one of the first successful attempts to link changes in gene expression and functional imaging to understand the response heterogeneity and identify compounds enhancing thermoradiotherapy. This study also demonstrates the value of canine tumors to provide information generalizable to human tumors.
Accurate Outcome Prediction in Neuroblastoma across Independent Data Sets Using a Multigene Signature
Authors: Katleen De Preter, Joëlle Vermeulen, Benedikt Brors, Olivier Delattre, Angelika Eggert, Matthias Fischer, Isabelle Janoueix-Lerosey, Cinzia Lavarino, John M. Maris, Jaume Mora, Akira Nakagawara, André Oberthuer, Miki Ohira, Gudrun Schleiermacher, Alexander Schramm, Johannes H. Schulte, Qun Wang, Frank Westermann, Frank Speleman, Jo Vandesompele
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Reliable prognostic stratification remains a challenge for cancer patients, especially for diseases with variable clinical course such as neuroblastoma. Although numerous studies have shown that outcome might be predicted using gene expression signatures, independent cross-platform validation is often lacking.Using eight independent studies comprising 933 neuroblastoma patients, a prognostic gene expression classifier was developed, trained, tested, and validated. The classifier was established based on reanalysis of four published studies with updated clinical information, reannotation of the probe sequences, common risk definition for training cases, and a single method for gene selection (prediction analysis of microarray) and classification (correlation analysis).Based on 250 training samples from four published microarray data sets, a correlation signature was built using 42 robust prognostic genes. The resulting classifier was validated on 351 patients from four independent and unpublished data sets and on 129 remaining test samples from the published studies. Patients with divergent outcome in the total cohort, as well as in the different risk groups, were accurately classified (log-rank P < 0.001 for overall and progression-free survival in the four independent data sets). Moreover, the 42-gene classifier was shown to be an independent predictor for survival (odds ratio, >5).The strength of this 42-gene classifier is its small number of genes and its cross-platform validity in which it outperforms other published prognostic signatures. The robustness and accuracy of the classifier enables prospective assessment of neuroblastoma patient outcome. Most importantly, this gene selection procedure might be an example for development and validation of robust gene expression signatures in other cancer entities.
Obesity-programmed mice are rescued by early genetic intervention
Authors: Viviana F. Bumaschny, Miho Yamashita, Rodrigo Casas-Cordero, Verónica Otero-Corchón, Flávio S.J. de Souza, Marcelo Rubinstein, Malcolm J. Low
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting half a billion people worldwide. Major difficulties in managing obesity are the cessation of continued weight loss in patients after an initial period of responsiveness and rebound to pretreatment weight. It is conceivable that chronic weight gain unrelated to physiological needs induces an allostatic regulatory state that defends a supranormal adipose mass despite its maladaptive consequences. To challenge this hypothesis, we generated a reversible genetic mouse model of early-onset hyperphagia and severe obesity by selectively blocking the expression of the proopiomelanocortin gene (Pomc) in hypothalamic neurons. Eutopic reactivation of central POMC transmission at different stages of overweight progression normalized or greatly reduced food intake in these obesity-programmed mice. Hypothalamic Pomc rescue also attenuated comorbidities such as hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hepatic steatosis and normalized locomotor activity. However, effectiveness of treatment to normalize body weight and adiposity declined progressively as the level of obesity at the time of Pomc induction increased. Thus, our study using a novel reversible monogenic obesity model reveals the critical importance of early intervention for the prevention of subsequent allostatic overload that auto-perpetuates obesity.
Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone administration on fatigue, well-being, and functioning in women with primary Sjogren syndrome: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: A Hartkamp, R Geenen, G L R Godaert, H Bootsma, A A Kruize, J W J Bijlsma, R H W M Derksen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objective:</h3> Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration has been reported to improve fatigue, psychological distress, and physical disability. These are common features of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). We investigated the effects of DHEA administration on fatigue, well-being, and functioning in women with pSS. <h3>Methods:</h3> In a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 female patients with pSS received 200 mg oral DHEA or placebo. Primary outcome measures were general fatigue, depressive mood, mental well-being, and physical functioning. In addition, pain, sicca complaints and disease activity parameters were measured. Patients were assessed before treatment, after 3, 6, and 12 months on study medication, and 6 months after cessation of treatment. <h3>Results:</h3> Patients from both the DHEA- and placebo-treated group improved on general fatigue (p&lt;0.001), mental well-being (p = 0.04), and depressive mood (p = 0.008). Physical functioning did not change (p = 0.44). Of the secondary outcome variables, complaints of a dry mouth diminished during treatment in both groups (p = 0.006), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate showed a decrease for the DHEA group (p = 0.02), and complaints of dry eyes improved in the placebo group (p = 0.01). The belief to have used DHEA was a stronger predictor for improvement of fatigue and well-being than the actual use of DHEA. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Our study does not support a superior effect of DHEA over placebo in female patients with pSS. Both DHEA and placebo induce improvement of fatigue and well-being. This may suggest possibilities for cognitive behavioural interventions.
Endurance in young athletes: it can be trained
Authors: A D G Baxter-Jones, N Maffulli
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

A male refugee from the Middle East was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and Pott’s disease with paravertebral abscess. After starting the standard regimen, the sputum culture converted to negative and the patient’s general condition improved. Six weeks later, the patient presented with clinical worsening of known symptoms, new appearance of focal neurological deficits and progress of radiological features showing progression of the paravertebral abscess. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (TB-IRIS) was presumed, and treatment with high-dose steroids was started. Due to recurrent relapses while tapering, corticosteroids had to be given over a prolonged period. After treatment completion, the patient was in a good general condition, abscesses had decreased and neurological deficits were in complete remission. This case presents the rare manifestation of TB-IRIS in HIV-negative patients and its management in a high-income country.
The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Pathology Committee at 50
Authors: Carolyn Compton
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The Pathology Committee of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) is broadly and deeply integrated into the multidisciplinary clinical and scientific operations of the group. It has five major functions in CALGB. First, it insures the highest possible quality of pathologic data in tissue-based correlative science studies through comprehensive quality control of all tissues collected, banked, and distributed to investigators and of all morphology-based studies done within the CALGB. Within this context, the Pathology Committee has the goal of eliminating, to the greatest degree possible, variation in methodology, interpretation, and reporting of pathologic data that would compromise reproducibility of correlative science results and to assure accuracy, uniformity, and completeness of the pathologic data. Second, the committee provides expert pathologic consultation in the development of clinical trials and correlative science studies that involve pathologic issues and/or materials. Third, it provides high-quality tissue banking and centralized morphology-based technical support services (e.g., histologic sections for immunohistochemistry, tissue microarrays, etc.) for all CALGB investigators. Fourth, it initiates and executes high-quality pathologic research using CALGB and intergroup resources. Lastly, it provides group-wide education on pathology-related issues relevant to trial design, scientific study design, and specimen banking.
Measures of Insulin Resistance Add Incremental Value to the Clinical Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in Association With Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Muredach P. Reilly, Megan L. Wolfe, Thomas Rhodes, Cynthia Girman, Nehal Mehta, Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Whether measures of insulin resistance provide incremental information regarding atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease beyond current National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) criteria or inflammatory markers is uncertain.We examined the association of insulin resistance and MetSyn with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in 840 asymptomatic nondiabetic subjects. Both NCEP and World Health Organization-defined MetSyn were associated (ordinal regression odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence intervals for NCEP-defined MetSyn) with CAC after controlling for age, non-MetSyn risk factors, and plasma CRP levels (OR, 1.93 [1.43 to 2.60], P<0.001) and after further controlling for homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA) (OR, 1.56 [1.14 to 2.15], P=0.006). Conversely, HOMA was significantly associated with CAC after adjusting for age, non-MetSyn risk factors, and CRP levels (OR, 1.62 [1.31 to 2.01], P<0.001) and after further adjusting for NCEP-defined MetSyn (OR, 1.45 [1.16 to 1.82], P=0.007). Addition of HOMA to the NCEP MetSyn significantly improved the association with CAC, but addition of CRP data to MetSyn or HOMA did not.Both MetSyn and HOMA index were associated with coronary atherosclerosis independent of established risk factors, including CRP. These findings support the use of biomarkers of insulin resistance in addition to NCEP MetSyn criteria in assessing cardiovascular disease risk.
Successful treatment of ileofemoral venous thrombosis following cardiac catheterization
Authors: M. Whittaker, R. V. Kerr
Journal: Thorax (1973)

<b>Whittaker, M., and Kerr, R. V. (1973).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>28</b>, 794-796. <b>Successful treatment of ileofemoral venous thrombosis following cardiac catheterization.</b> This paper describes a case of ileofemoral venous thrombosis following transseptal cardiac catheterization. The diagnosis was established by phlebography and early venous thrombectomy was successfully performed.
Tyrosine kinase receptor RON functions downstream of the erythropoietin
Authors: Martine Parren-Van Amelsvoort, K.S. Grossmann, U. Schaeper, K. Toney-Earley, S.E. Waltz, Bob Löwenberg, Emile van den Akker, Marieke von Lindern, Thamar van Dijk
Journal: Blood (2004)
Clopidogrel for Coronary Stenting
Authors: Paul A. Gurbel, Kevin P. Bliden, Bonnie L. Hiatt, Christopher M. O’Connor
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Clopidogrel is administered to prevent stent thrombosis; however, the uniformity of platelet inhibition after treatment and the influence of pretreatment reactivity on drug response have not been described.Platelet aggregation (5 and 20 micromol/L ADP), the activation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (PAC-1 antibody), and the expression of P-selectin were measured in patients undergoing elective coronary stenting (n=96) at baseline and at 2 hours, 24 hours, 5 days, and 30 days after stenting. All patients received aspirin (325 mg). Clopidogrel (300 mg) was administered in the catheterization laboratory and followed by 75 mg daily. There was marked interindividual variability in drug response as measured by all markers that showed a normal distribution. Resistance, defined as baseline aggregation (%) minus posttreatment aggregation (%) < or =10% by 5 micromol/L ADP, was present in 31% and 15% of patients at 5 and 30 days, respectively. Patients with the highest pretreatment platelet reactivity remained the most reactive at 24 hours after treatment (P<0.0001).Interindividual variability in the platelet inhibitory response from clopidogrel occurs in patients undergoing elective coronary stenting. Patients with high pretreatment reactivity are least protected. Alternative pharmacological strategies and the association of adverse ischemic events should be investigated in these patients.