tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cytokine-producing B cells as regulators of pathogenic and protective immune responses
Authors: Simon Fillatreau
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

B lymphocytes play a unique role in immunity through the production of antibodies. In addition, they can secrete various arrays of cytokines classically associated with innate or adaptive immune cells. During the last 10 years, it has become apparent that secretion of cytokines by B cells can play decisive roles in immunity. For instance, B cells can act both as regulators and drivers of autoimmune pathogenesis through production of cytokines, such as interleukin-10 or interleukin-6, respectively. Similarly, B cells can either inhibit or stimulate antimicrobial immunity through secretion of interleukin-10 or interleukin-2, respectively. Despite the fact that other cell types can produce the same factors, B cells are often a non-redundant source of these cytokines, a feature possibly attributable to the fact that B cells generally reside in microenvironments different from T cells in secondary lymphoid organs and inflamed tissues. This review discusses examples that illustrate the diversity of functions B cells can perform through the production of cytokines, highlighting the importance of this aspect of B cell biology in health and disease.
Cardiac fibroblasts mediate IL-17A–driven inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lei Wu, SuFey Ong, Monica V. Talor, Jobert G. Barin, G. Christian Baldeviano, David A. Kass, Djahida Bedja, Hao Zhang, Asfandyar Sheikh, Joseph B. Margolick, Yoichiro Iwakura, Noel R. Rose, Daniela Čiháková
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi) is a major cause of heart failure in individuals below the age of 40. We recently reported that IL-17A is required for the development of DCMi. We show a novel pathway connecting IL-17A, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), GM-CSF, and heart-infiltrating myeloid cells with the pathogenesis of DCMi. Il17ra−/− mice were protected from DCMi, and this was associated with significantly diminished neutrophil and Ly6Chi monocyte/macrophage (MO/MΦ) cardiac infiltrates. Depletion of Ly6Chi MO/MΦ also protected mice from DCMi. Mechanistically, IL-17A stimulated CFs to produce key chemokines and cytokines that are critical downstream effectors in the recruitment and differentiation of myeloid cells. Moreover, IL-17A directs Ly6Chi MO/MΦ in trans toward a more proinflammatory phenotype via CF-derived GM-CSF. Collectively, this IL-17A–fibroblast–GM-CSF–MO/MΦ axis could provide a novel target for the treatment of DCMi and related inflammatory cardiac diseases.
Human monoclonal antibodies that recognize conserved epitopes in the core-lipid A region of lipopolysaccharides.
Authors: M Pollack, A A Raubitschek, J W Larrick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed human B lymphocytes were fused with a murine-human heteromyeloma to produce stable hybrid cell lines that secreted human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of the IgM class that recognized conserved epitopes in the core-lipid A region of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Three of the mAbs reacted with epitopes on the lipid A moiety, while a fourth recognized a determinant in the core oligosaccharide. The lipid A-specific mAbs cross-reacted with heterologous rough LPS and with lipid As released by acid hydrolysis of different intact (smooth) LPS. Carbohydrate groups in the O-side chain and core oligosaccharide of isolated, smooth LPS restricted antibody access to antigenic sites on lipid A. Yet, one lipid A-reactive mAb recognized its epitope on the surfaces of a variety of intact bacteria. These findings confirm the presence of highly conserved epitopes in the core-lipid A complex and prove the existence of human B cell clones with the potential for secreting high avidity IgM antibodies that react with these widely shared determinants. Such human mAbs might provide protective activity against disease caused by diverse gram-negative bacteria.
Finasteride and the Uncertainties of Establishing Harms
Authors: Thomas J. Moore
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Is the United States Prepared for Ebola?
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin, James G. Hodge, Scott Burris
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The West African Ebola epidemic is a humanitarian crisis and a threat to international security. 1It is not surprising that isolated cases have emerged in Europe and North America, but a large outbreak in the United States, with its advanced health system, is unlikely.Yet the handling of the first domestically diagnosed Ebola case in Dallas, Texas, raised concerns about national public health preparedness.What were the critical health system vulnerabilities revealed in Dallas, and how can the country respond more effectively to novel diseases in a globalized world?
1255 CHRONIC HEPATITIS E IN IMMUNOSUPPRESSED PATIENTS BEYOND LIVER- AND KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: S. Pischke, T. Voigtlaender, C. Koenecke, A. Heim, Y. Scheibner, B. Franz, D. Ernst, G. Ahrenstorf, A. Ganser, S. Buchholz, T. Witte, M.P. Manns, C. Bara, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Effects of protein kinase C modulators on Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase activity and phosphorylation in aortae from rats with cirrhosis
Authors: Philippe Lahaye, Khalid A. Tazi, Jean-Pierre Rona, Olivier Dellis, Didier Lebrec, Richard Moreau
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Protein kinase C (PKC) modulates the activity and phosphorylation of the catalytic α-subunit of sodium-potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na + /K + ATPase) in normal arteries. Because PKC is altered in cirrhotic aortae, Na + /K + ATPase may also be altered in these arteries. The aim of the present study was to investigate α-subunit activity and phosphorylation in aortae from normal and cirrhotic rats, under baseline conditions and during exposure to PKC modulators. α-Subunit activity was assessed by measuring the amount of 32 P released by hydrolysis of [γ- 32 P]ATP in freshly isolated cell membranes (in the absence of PKC modulators only) and membrane depolarization caused by ouabain-induced α-subunit inhibition in isolated aortae (in the absence and presence of PKC modulators). α-Subunit phosphorylation was assessed by incorporation of 32 P into α-subunits. Staurosporine, a PKC inhibitor, and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBU), a PKC activator, were used. In addition, α-subunit expression was studied by Western blot analysis. In the absence of PKC modulators, the amount of 32 P released by hydrolysis of [γ- 32 P]ATP and ouabain-induced membrane depolarization were significantly lower in cirrhotic than in normal aortae. Staurosporine suppressed ouabain-induced membrane depolarization in cirrhotic and normal arteries. Ouabain-induced membrane depolarization was similar in cirrhotic aortae exposed to PDBU and in normal arteries studied under baseline conditions. α-Subunit phosphorylation was significantly lower in cirrhotic than in normal aortae, in aortae under baseline conditions, and in arteries exposed to staurosporine. Phosphorylation of the α-subunit was similar in cirrhotic aortae exposed to PDBU and in normal arteries under baseline conditions. Western blot analysis showed that the amount of α-subunit did not significantly differ between cirrhotic and normal aortae. In conclusion, a decrease in baseline Na + /K + ATPase α-subunit activity occurs in aortae from cirrhotic rats as a result of reduced basal PKC activity. This PKC-dependent decreased α-subunit activity may be caused by a reduction in PKC-induced α-subunit phosphorylation.
A Higher Standard of Entrance to Ohio Medical Schools.
Authors: N. R. Coleman
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Columbus, Ohio, Dec. 1, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —We have read with approval your editorial entitled "A Higher Standard of Entrance to Ohio Medical Schools" on page 1326 ofThe Journalof Nov. 22, 1902, but we wish to call your attention to an error which we find in the last paragraph of this editorial. The paragraph referred to reads as follows: It is not to be expected that any new methods will be perfect from the first, and the present defects in the Ohio system, the lack of uniformity of examinations by the different examiners, for example, are only the temporary imperfections of a new machine that will be remedied by time and use. We beg to take exceptions to the statement that there is a lack of uniformity in the examinations for entrance to medical colleges in the State of Ohio. The questions used in the examinations in
Synergistic induction of apoptosis in high-risk DLBCL by BCL2 inhibition with ABT-199 combined with pharmacologic loss of MCL1
Authors: L Li, P Pongtornpipat, T Tiutan, S L Kendrick, S Park, D O Persky, L M Rimsza, S D Puvvada, J H Schatz
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Points: Learned pain behaviour
Authors: R M Ellis, A. Ryle
Journal: BMJ (1986)

SIR,-The president of the Hospital Consultants and Specialists Association states (18 January, p 206) that his association "was very surprised to read the evidenqe of the Short select, committee given by the spokesmen for the medical profession, including the consultant representative on, the BMA delegation, and felt obliged to conduct a survey to.find out if there had been a change of attitude to the hospital staffing structure."As'the "consultant representative" referred to above, I should like to put the-record straight.In 1982 the Central Committee for Hospital Medical Services supported the concept of a controlled.expansion of consultants in general surgery, general medicine, and obstetrics and gynaecology; a reduction in the number of UK graduate registrars in these specilties; and the introduction of an overseas doctors training scheme.These proposals were put to the con- sultant body t large, and 85% of the m,any respondents supported these proposals.This information was included in the select conputtee's *minutes of evidence for Wednesday 27 March 1985, to which the president of the HCSA referred in his letter.Indeed, it states quite clearly i'n those minutes (p 6, paragraph 16) that " HC:MS did not support the Social Servies Committee's geieral notion of a consultant provided service."-In oral evidence used the-phrase "consultant based," and from the subsequent paragraphs itis clear that I was using the phrase.todescribe the proposals tharhad been accepted by the profession in 1982.This includes an adequate numnber of
A Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella javiana and Salmonella oranienburg Infections due to Consumption of Contaminated Cheese
Authors: Craig W. Hedberg
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the source of an outbreak of<i>Salmonella javiana</i>and<i>Salmonella oranienburg</i>infections. <h3>Design.</h3> —Laboratory-based statewide surveillance for<i>Salmonella</i>infections and two separate case-control studies. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Community- and industry-based studies conducted from May through October 1989. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Thiry-one culture-confirmed outbreak-associated cases of<i>S javiana</i>infection and 60 community controls matched for telephone prefix, gender, and age in case-control study I; 50 cases, 100 community controls, and 64 family member controls in case-control study II. <h3>Results.</h3> —One hundred thirty-six culture-confirmed cases of<i>S javiana</i>infection and 11 cases of<i>S oranienburg</i>infection were associated with the outbreak in Minnesota. Outbreak-associated cases were also identified in Wisconsin (15 cases), and in Michigan and New York (one case each). Cases were more likely than controls to have consumed mozzarella cheese manufactured at a single cheese plant (plant X) or cheese that had been shredded at processing plants that also shredded cheese manufactured at plant X (odds ratio [OR], 7.2; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.7 to 23.2;<i>P</i>&lt;.01). The outbreak-associated strains of both serovars were isolated from two unopened 16-oz (0.45-kg) blocks of mozzarella cheese produced at plant X. The most probable numbers of<i>Salmonella</i>organisms in these samples were 0.36/100 g and 4.3/100 g. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The potential for bacterial pathogen contamination of cheese during manufacture and processing has important epidemiologic implications, particularly because cheese consumption has recently increased in the United States. Low-level contamination of a nationally distributed food product can cause geographically dispersed foodborne outbreaks that may be difficult to detect. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:3203-3207)
Traité de Radiodiagnostic, Tome 13: Neuroradiologie, vol 1: Radioanatomie, Methodes d'exploration
Authors: Bernard S. Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<i>Traité de Radiodiagnostic</i>is an ambitious effort by French authors to produce an encyclopedia of diagnostic radiology in 20 volumes. This volume (vol 13) represents one of three devoted to neuroradiology and undertakes to describe all relevant normal neuroanatomy and techniques of examination. The next volume of this series (vol 14) will describe pathological changes of the skull, brain and cranial nerves. The third volume (numerically vol 15), devoted to the spinal canal, spinal cord, and nerve roots, was published in 1971. This volume is without doubt a major contribution to textbooks of neuroradiology. Despite the relatively small number of pages, it succeeds in presenting a huge amount of information. The authors—and there are 41—must be congratulated on their succinct style as well as meticulous selection of illustrations and accompanying diagrams. The publisher has achieved superior reproductions of the roentgenograms. Although many of the illustrations are small and cropped, there
Subverting Randomization in Controlled Trials
Authors: Kenneth F. Schulz
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Recent empirical evidence supports the importance of adequate randomization in controlled trials. Trials with inadequate allocation concealment have been associated with larger treatment effects compared with trials in which authors reported adequate allocation concealment. While that provides empirical evidence of bias being interjected into trials, trial investigators rarely document the sensitive details of subverting the intended purpose of randomization. This article relates anonymous accounts run the gamut from simple to intricate operations, from transillumination of envelopes to searching for code in the office files of the principal investigator. They indicate that deciphering is something more frequent than a rate occurrence. These accounts prompt some methodological recommendations to help prevent deciphering. Randomized controlled trials appear to annoy human nature--if properly conducted, indeed they should.
THE EFFECT OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS ON HUMAN BRAIN CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: M. J. Hogue, R. McAllister, A. E. Greene, L. L. Coriell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Poliomyelitis virus I, Mahoney strain, affected human brain cells grown in tissue cultures usually causing death of the cells in 3 days. The neurons reacted in different ways to the virus, some died with their neurites extended, others contracted one or more of their neurites. Terminal bulbs were frequently formed at the tips of the neurites when they were being drawn into the cell body. The final contraction of the cell body and the change into a mass of granules were often very sudden. Vacuoles often developed in the neuron. There was no recovery. Astrocytes, oligodendroglia, and macrophages were affected by the virus but not as quickly as the neurons. The age of the tissue culture was not a factor when the cells were in good condition. The age of the individual donor of the brain tissue was a factor; the fetal brain cells appeared to be more sensitive to the virus than the adult brain cells. The fetal neurons often reacted (1/2) hour after inoculation while the adult neurons reacted more slowly, 2 to 24 hours after inoculation. All these changes seemed to be caused by virus infection because they were prevented by specific antiserum or by preheating the virus.
Diversity of structural mitral valve alterations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: H G Klues, B J Maron, A L Dollar, W C Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by an asymmetrically hypertrophied left ventricle and is regarded as a disease of cardiac muscle. METHODS AND RESULTS To assess the possibility that the mitral valve itself may be involved in the disease process, we studied mitral valves from 94 patients with HCM and 45 normal control subjects. The area of the mitral leaflets was increased in patients with HCM compared with control subjects (12.9 +/- 3.7 versus 8.7 +/- 2.0 cm2; p less than 0.001). For the overall group of patients, this increase was largely caused by an increase in anterior leaflet length (2.2 +/- 0.5 cm for HCM versus 1.8 +/- 0.3 cm for control subjects; p less than 0.001), because circumference did not differ between the two groups. Mitral leaflet area was increased (greater than or equal to 12.0 cm2) in 55 (58%) of the 94 valves. In 12 of these 55 valves, both the anterior and posterior leaflets were enlarged; the other 43 valves had asymmetrical or segmental enlargement of either the anterior leaflet (36 patients) or a portion of posterior leaflet (seven patients). In addition, nine patients had a congenital malformation of the mitral apparatus in which one or both papillary muscles inserted directly into anterior mitral leaflet (mitral valve area was normal in seven of the nine). CONCLUSIONS Sixty-two (66%) of 94 mitral valves had a constellation of structural malformations, including increased leaflet area and elongation of the leaflets or anomalous papillary muscle insertion directly into anterior mitral leaflet. These findings expand the morphological definition of HCM by demonstrating that the disease process is not confined to cardiac muscle but rather many patients also have structural abnormalities of the mitral valve that are unlikely to be acquired or secondary to mechanical factors.
Mercurial Ointment in Erysipelas.
Authors: Joseph T. Howard
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Washington, D.C., Jan. 13, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Referring to the paragraph relative to Dematteis' observations on the efficacy of mercurials in the treatment of erysipelas (The Journal, January 13, p. 110), I wish to say that for many years I have used mercurial ointments for the treatment of this disease, successfully. I recall one case, about twelve years ago, in which I applied the white precipitate ointment, and it healed the disease so quickly that the patient's friends became alarmed, declaring the doctor had driven the<i>disease in</i>, consequently another medico was substituted to draw it out. I give this fact for the benefit of Dematteis, hoping he may not be subjected to a like experience. Very respectfully,
Heterogeneous proliferative effect of tumor necrosis factor‐α and lymphotoxin on mitogen‐activated B cells from B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: M. Alvarez‐Mon, J. Garcia‐Suarez, A. Prieto, L. Manzano, E. Reyes, C. Lorences, G. Peraile, J. Jorda, A. Durantez
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract The proliferative effect of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and lymphotoxin on B cells from patients with B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) was studied. Fresh purified B‐CLL lymphocytes showed no proliferative response to either recombinant (r) TNF‐α or r‐lymphotoxin. However, after 'in vitro' activation of B‐CLL lymphocytes for 2 days with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC), four of seven patients showed enhanced blastogenic response in the presence of either rTNF‐α or r‐Iymphotoxin. We also found that the proliferative response of SAC‐activated B‐CLL lymphocytes to the two cytokines was independent of that found in the presence of interleukin‐2. These results demonstrate that TNF‐α and lymphotoxin can heterogeneously support the proliferation of in vitro activated B cells from B‐CLL patients and may reflect the biological heterogeneity of B‐CLL disease.
HIGH MAINTENANCE-DOSE OF CLOPIDOGREL (150 MG/D) CAN NOT OVERCOME THE LOSS-OF-FUNCTION EFFECT OF THE CYTOCHROME 2C19 POLYMORPHISM
Authors: Young-Hoon Jeong, In-Suk Kim, Yongwhi Park, Seok-Jae Hwang, Choong Hwan Kwak, Jin-Yong Hwang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Adolescent health and the environment.
Authors: M S Golub
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The effects of toxicants depend on the dose and the time in the life span when exposure occurs. The biology of adolescence is distinctive and provides opportunities for unique actions of toxicants both in terms of disruption of function and disruption of maturation. Maturation of a number of organ systems occurs during this period, including not only the reproductive system but also the respiratory, skeletal, immune, and central nervous systems. Adolescence is a time of increased risk for infectious disease and accidental injury, making the effects of toxicants on the immune and central nervous systems particularly harmful. Differences in blood volume, respiratory parameters, metabolic needs, and capacity all contribute to altered pharmacokinetics. Exposures can also change. Increased food intake associated with rapid adolescent growth alters exposure to food contaminants. Voluntary drug consumption increases, including drinking; smoking; substance abuse; and the use of over-the-counter, prescription, and performance-enhancing drugs. At the same time, adolescents are introduced to toxicants in the workplace. Basic research in the toxicology of adolescence needs to take into account the appropriateness of animal models for this distinctive human developmental stage; risk assessment must take into account pharmacokinetic and lifestyle factors. Screening methodologies that would identify toxic effects unique to adolescence would also be valuable.
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Robert M. Jeresaty
Journal: JAMA (1985)

MITRAL valve prolapse (MVP), defined as echocardiographic, angiographic, and pathological protrusion of the mitral leaflets into the left atrium during systole, may affect about 5% of the population and was first widely recognized in the mid-1960s.1-3It is frequently associated with a click and/or murmur. A syndrome consisting of nonspecific symptoms, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and arrhythmias has been recognized by many investigators.1-3Although doubt has recently been expressed about the existence of this syndrome,4-6the complications of MVP,2,7-10albeit rare, earn for it an important place in modern cardiology and may represent its raison d'etre.  Pathology and Etiology  Because of the generally benign course of MVP, its underlying pathology has been well documented only in advanced forms that are associated with severe mitral insufficiency and have been termed the floppy mitral valve.7,8Of great interest has been the demonstration of similar pathological changes in 26 patients