tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Limitation of myocardial infarction by early infusion of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Authors: M O'Rourke, D Baron, A Keogh, R Kelly, G Nelson, C Barnes, J Raftos, K Graham, K Hillman, H Newman
Journal: Circulation (1988)

In a double-blind randomized trial involving five Sydney hospitals and the city ambulance paramedical service, 145 patients with a first evolving myocardial infarction and with onset of pain less than 2.5 (mean 1.9 +/- 0.5 [SD]) hr previously were allocated to intravenous infusion of 100 mg recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) or placebo over 3 hr. The groups at entry were similar. At assessment 21 days later, left ventricular ejection fraction measured both by contrast and radionuclide ventriculography was higher in the rt-PA compared with the placebo group (61 +/- 13%, n = 64, vs 54 +/- 14%, n = 62, contrast, 2p = .006; 52 +/- 13%, n = 66, vs 48 +/- 13%, n = 62 isotope, 2p = .08). This indicates limitation of myocardial infarction by rt-PA.
A Noninvasive Diagnostic Strategy Including Spiral Computed Tomography in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: CHRISTINE LORUT, MICHEL GHOSSAINS, MARIE-HELÈNE HORELLOU, ANTOINE ACHKAR, JOSETTE FRETAULT, JEAN-PIERRE LAABAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We conducted a study to evaluate a noninvasive strategy including spiral computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). We systematically performed spiral CT, ventilation/perfusion lung scanning, and D-dimer (DD) measurement (VIDAS test), and in some cases (with a normal CT with nondiagnostic lung scan and increased DD) performed venous ultrasonography (US) on 247 consecutive patients with clinically suspected PE in our hospital. Patients in whom PE was deemed absent were not given anticoagulants. All patients were followed for 3 mo. The prevalence of PE in the 228 patients who could be evaluated was 42% (96 of 228). PE was confirmed by spiral CT in 73% of the patients, by a high-probability lung scan in 4%, and by findings on US in 23%. PE was ruled out by a normal lung scan in 14% of the patients, by a normal DD concentration (< 500 ng/ml) in 31%, by an obvious differential diagnosis on spiral CT in 18%, by a similar prior lung scan in 11%, and by the combination of normal spiral CT findings, a nondiagnostic lung scan, a DD concentration > 500 ng/ml, and normal US in 26%. Pulmonary angiography was performed in only two patients, both of whom had a normal spiral CT scan and a high-probability lung scan, and was normal. The 3-mo risk of thromboembolism in patients not given anticoagulants, based on the results of the diagnostic protocol, was 1.7% (95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 2.3%). There were no deaths. The noninvasive strategy of combining spiral CT, lung scanning, DD measurement, and in some cases US, in patients with suspected PE yielded a definite diagnosis in 99% of patients, and appeared to be safe.
The Relationship Between Delayed or Incomplete Treatment and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Tuberculosis
Authors: Ariel Pablos-Méndez
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To analyze the factors associated with survival in patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in New York City. <h3>Design.</h3> —Observational study of a citywide cohort of tuberculosis cases. <h3>Setting.</h3> —New York City, April 1991, before the strengthening of its control program. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All 229 newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis documented by culture in April 1991. Most patients (74%) were male, and the median age was 37 years (range, 1-89 years). In all, 89% belonged to minority groups. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was present in 50% and multidrug resistance in 7% of the cases. Twenty-one patients (9%) were not treated. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Follow-up information was collected through the New York City tuberculosis registry; death from any cause was verified through the National Death Index. <h3>Results.</h3> —Cumulative all-cause mortality by October 1994 was 44%; the median survival for those who died was 6.3 months (range, 0 days to 3 years). The most important baseline predictors of mortality, adjusted for baseline clinical and demographic factors, were acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (91% vs 11% in HIV-seronegative patients; Cox relative risk [RR], 7.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-29.1), multidrug resistance (87% vs 39% in pansensitive cases; adjusted RR, 5.8; 95% CI, 2.3-14.5), and lack of treatment (81% vs 40%; adjusted RR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0-9.7). Also, 11 of 13 HIV-infected patients who started treatment after a 1-month delay died. Among 173 patients surviving the recommended treatment period, those who completed therapy (66%) had a lower subsequent mortality (20% vs 37%; RR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Mortality from tuberculosis was high, even among patients without multidrug resistance who were not known to be infected with HIV. Most HIV-seropositive patients with delayed therapy died. Multidrug resistance predicted higher mortality, and treatment completion was associated with improved subsequent patient survival.
REMARKS ON THE RELATION OF THE UTERUS TO DESCENT OF THE PELVIC FLOOR, AND TO GENITAL PROLAPSE.
Authors: GEO. ERETY SHOEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1897)

As the title implies, it is not intended here to formally cover the field of genital prolapse but to remark upon one phase of it, and to emphasize the fact that the uterus is not the sole offender, but that, in greater or less degree, all the other pelvic organs and tissues are involved to such an extent in some cases that even after the uterus is completely restored to its position, the prolapse of vagina, rectum, bladder and tissues of the pelvic floor continues. There seems to be, in the minds of some, an idea that the uterus descends alone through a normal tube, the vagina, because of some relaxation of suspending supports above. This idea leads to attempts to cure prolapse by shortening round ligaments alone, by fixation (literal) of the uterus alone to the abdominal wall, or even to the performance of hysterectomy followed by fastening the
<i>HER2</i>Mutation and Response to Trastuzumab Therapy in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Federico Cappuzzo, Lynne Bemis, Marileila Varella-Garcia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody against HER2, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, that improves the outcome of HER2-positive breast cancer.1 Preclinical data have demonstrated that trastuzumab is effective in non–small-cell lung cancer, with additive or synergistic effects with various cytotoxic agents. However, trials of trastuzumab or other HER2-targeted agents, such as pertuzumab, failed to demonstrate clinical benefit in non–small-cell lung cancer when administered as monotherapy or combined with chemotherapy.2 In these studies, HER2 status was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis, a method that is not optimal.3 Moreover, the few patients whose tumors had . . .
Primary biliary cirrhosis: an epidemiological study.
Authors: D R Triger
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A three-year study (1977-9) of primary biliary cirrhosis in the city of Sheffield disclosed 34 cases, a point prevalence of 54 per million population. Closer inspection showed an apparent clustering of cases, and the prevalence in relation to one water reservoir appeared to be more than ten times that of the other reservoirs. Nevertheless, analyses of the water showed no significant relevant differences between the reservoir serving areas with a high prevalence of cirrhosis and other reservoirs. Despite the inconclusive results of the water analyses, these findings do suggest that an environmental agent may be a cause of primary biliary cirrhosis and that further epidemiological studies may help to elucidate the cause.
FAMILY MEMBERSʼ RADIATION EXPOSURE WHEN NON-HOSPITALIZED THYROID CANCER PATIENTS ARE TREATED WITH LARGE SINGLE DOESGES I-131 (100–400 mCi)
Authors: H. Allen, J. Zielinski
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

S: APRIL 9–12, 1992 San Antonio Convention Center & Hyatt Regency Hotel SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS Southwestern Chapter Society of Nuclear Medicine SPECT/PET Nuclear Cardiology Symposium and 37th Annual Meeting: PDF Only
THE COMPLETE VERSUS LESION ONLY PRIMARY PCI TRIAL-CARDIOVASCULAR MRI SUBSTUDY (CVLPRIT-CMR)
Authors: Jamal Nasir Khan, John P. Greenwood, Sheraz A. Nazir, Miles Dalby, Nick Curzen, Simon Hetherington, Damian J. Kelly, Daniel Blackman, Charles Peebles, Joyce Wong, Howard Swanton, Marcus Flather, Roger Hall, Anthony H. Gershlick, Gerry P. McCann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Vascular calcium overload produced by vitamin D3, in rats. Effect of treatment with SR 33805, a novel calcium entry blocker
Authors: P. Chatelain, J. Mouton, G. Feys, A. Laruel, A.S. Manning
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The effect of SR 33805, a novel calcium entry blocker, on calcium overload was studied in six vascular beds in rat. Fantofarone, a parent compound, and verapamil were used as reference calcium entry blockers. Calcium overload induced with a single dose (300,000 IU, i.m. of vitamin D3) was measured by means of atomic absorption and histological techniques. From the time-course of calcium overload, a treatment period of 3 days was selected to determine the effects of drug treatment. The compounds were given orally twice a day in the following dose ranges: SR 33805 2-100 mg/kg, fantofarone 10-300 mg/kg, verapamil 100 mg/kg. SR 33805 significantly decreased the calcium content beginning at the dose of 2 mg/kg in the thoracic aorta, 5 mg/kg in the mesenteric artery and 30 mg/kg in the heart. Fantofarone and verapamil had the same effect at the dose of 100 mg/kg. Histological assessment of the heart revealed that lesions appearing in the tissue adjacent to the arteries were significantly diminished by treatment with SR 33805 at a dose which produced a significant decrease in the arterial calcium content. Thus, SR 33805 can inhibit both calcium overload and its deleterious consequences and its actions are evident at doses as low as 2 mg/kg.
Academic Viability of Family Medicine
Authors: William MacMillan Rodney
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  It is within the university setting that family practice absolutely must have its own service if it ever hopes to establish the long-term viability so ably discussed by Edmund D. Pellegrino, MD (240:132, 1978). To prejudge the concept of peer relationship with other specialties as self-defeating and intellectually untenable serves only to mirror the petty bickering of special interest groups within the profession (235:2237, 1976).  Especially within the university, where students of all levels and specialties form the practice habits of a lifetime, family practice should be allowed to develop the model of a team-oriented synergistic approach. If the present fragmented, antagonistic climate prevails and hospital privileges are jealously kept from family physicians, the student will have lost a needed model. The inpatient will have lost a needed ally and a friend. The profession of medicine as a whole will have lost a much, much needed opportunity
<i>D. PTERONYSSINUS</i>‐TYROSINE ADSORBATE: BIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: A. C. M. L. MILLER, A. P. HART &, E. C. TEES
Journal: Allergy (1976)

Adsorption of D. pteronyssinus on tyrosine gives a depot formulation with retained immunogenicity. Preliminary clinical evaluation of this material showed improvement in the majority of allergic subjects after receipt of the initial six doses, improvement being continued during subsequent maintenance therapy.
Abstract 1974: Ovulatory wound: the site of origin for ovarian serous carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yang-Hartwich, Marta Gurrea, Natalia Sumi, Jennie Holmberg, Vinicius Craveiro, Ayesha Alvero, Gil Mor
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: New clinical and molecular studies suggest that HGSOC originates from the neighboring fallopian tubes, rather than the surface epithelial layer of the ovary. However, very little is known about the process of tubal malignant cells migrating and implanting into ovary. Our research focuses on understanding how the extraovarian malignant cells implant into the ovary and how ovulation affects the process of their migration and implantation. Method: Tumor initiating cells (TICs) isolated from human HGSOC were labeled by red fluorescent protein (RFP)-expressing lentivirus and subcutaneously or intrauterine injected to immunocompromised mice. Hormones (PMS and HCG) were interperitoneally injected to induce superovulation in mice. In the in vitro models, TICs were cultured with the granulosa cell conditional medium and the extra cellular matrix (ECM) extracted from ovarian stroma cells to evaluate their effects on the migration and attachment of TICs Result: Superovulation increased the ovarian tumor-forming rate from 38% (15/39 in control group) to 100% (24/24 in supervolation group). The increased frequency of ovulation enhances the formation of ovarian tumors in mouse models. In the intrauterine injection model, we were able to trace the migration of TICs towards ovaries and capture the early implantation of TICs inside ovaries in 5-10 days after the injection. We detected stage I ovarian tumors in mice. The tumors are encapsulated in the ovary and covered by the intact surface epithelial layer. These tumor cells closely interacted with the stroma of ovary, particularly the structure of corpus luteum. The granulosa cells secreted stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1, also known as CXCL12). SDF-1 attracts TICs that express CXCR4 (the receptor of SDF-1) to ovulatory wounds. Upon ovulation the ovulatory wounds expose the stroma of ovary, which provides a collagen enriched ECM for TICs to attach. Conclusion: The unique ovulatory wound microenvironment attracts the malignant cells to migrate towards the ovary and creates access for the malignant cells to implant in the collagen-enriched ECM in the stroma of ovary. The new mechanisms revealed by our data may explain why increased ovulation is associated with epithelial ovarian cancer. Our findings support the “extra-ovarian origin” theory and will help us better understand the initiation and progression of HGSOC. Citation Format: Yang Yang-Hartwich, Marta Gurrea, Natalia Sumi, Jennie Holmberg, Vinicius Craveiro, Ayesha Alvero, Gil Mor. Ovulatory wound: the site of origin for ovarian serous carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1974. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1974
EARLY COMPLICATIONS RESULTING FROM RETAINED BONE FRAGMENTS IN A CASE OF GUNSHOT WOUND OF THE HEAD
Authors: W. E. Tyndall
Journal: BMJ (1917)

THE following case of gunllshot wvollund of the lhead v)resented some features of intre'st: Pte.G. wvas admitted in tlle early mtiorning of Noveniber 5th stiffering from buLllet wound of the lhead.He w as unconsclious and collapsed; the pulse was imperceptible, temiperature tsuibnormal, and-res'pirations shallow..He was verx cold and evidently suffering from shock.The scalp wonud( was about 3 inches long, of the gtutter type, anld lay natero-px,steriorly in the left parietal region.It was *el dviti-and *ja.-ed .%vith b)lood clot and brain tisste esca i1)g horn1 ito Ili i grigut armIand right leg were paraly-sed.Firolst Opera'(ioit}?.Ile' was put to l)ed.inifuLsed subettaneously wvitfi normal saline,and the wound wiias dressed.In the evening his coI- ,6 71 < 90 '1 /2 /.3If 1t3_.ii /A /7 / /9 20 2/ 12.1 23 32 tS 26 27 2' /0 2 3 9 iij!IIi El
Education campaigns can reduce stigma of depression and cut suicides
Authors: Carl Kovac
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Information is a potent weapon in combating depression, psychiatrists and other medical specialists attending the Hungarian Regional Congress of the Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum in Budapest last week (Sept. 20-23).

The event was organised in conjunction with the Hungarian Association of Psychopharmacology and was attended by some 450 doctors from 35 countries.

Effective use of antidepressants relied heavily on instructing medical professionals on how to recognise depression and convincing the public that it is an illness and can be treated with medication without serious side effects or the danger of addiction, speakers at the conference …
Defective Ristocetin-Induced Platelet Aggregation in von Willebrand's Disease and its Correction by Factor VIII
Authors: Harvey J. Weiss, John Rogers, Harvey Brand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The antibiotic ristocetin, in concentrations of 1.0-1.5 mg/ml, aggregated normal platelets in citrated platelet-rich plasma by a mechanism in which the release reaction played only a minor role. Platelet aggregation by ristocetin in a concentration of 1.2 mg/ml was absent or markedly decreased in 10 patients with von Willebrand's disease. Lesser degrees of abnormality were obtained with a concentration of 1.5 mg/ml. The magnitude of the defect in ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation correlated well with the degree of abnormality of the bleeding time and the levels of antihemophilic factor (AHF, VIII(AHF)) procoagulant activity. In all patients, the defect in ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation was corrected in vitro by normal plasma. Correction was also obtained with a fraction of normal cryoprecipitate that eluted in the void volume with VIII(AHF) after chromatography on a gel that excludes molecules larger than 5 x 10(6). A similar fraction, devoid of VIII(AHF) activity, obtained from patients with von Willebrand's disease had no corrective effect, but fractions obtained from patients with hemophilia were just as effective as those obtained from normal subjects. The correction activity of plasma and partially purified factor VIII was inhibited by a rabbit antibody to human factor VIII but not by a human antibody against VIII(AHF) procoagulant activity. The studies provide further evidence that patients with von Willebrand's disease are deficient in a plasma factor that is necessary for normal platelet function. The activity of this factor appears to be associated with factor VIII but is unrelated to VIII(AHF) procoagulant activity.
Mortality and implant revision rates of hip arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis: registry based cohort study
Authors: D. J. W. McMinn, K. I. E. Snell, J. Daniel, R. B. C. Treacy, P. B. Pynsent, R. D. Riley
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objectives</b> To examine mortality and revision rates among patients with osteoarthritis undergoing hip arthroplasty and to compare these rates between patients undergoing cemented or uncemented procedures and to compare outcomes between men undergoing stemmed total hip replacements and Birmingham hip resurfacing. <b>Design</b> Cohort study. <b>Setting</b> National Joint Registry. <b>Population</b> About 275 000 patient records. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Hip arthroplasty procedures were linked to the time to any subsequent mortality or revision (implant failure). Flexible parametric survival analysis methods were used to analyse time to mortality and also time to revision. Comparisons between procedure groups were adjusted for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, and complexity. <b>Results</b> As there were large baseline differences in the characteristics of patients receiving cemented, uncemented, or resurfacing procedures, unadjusted comparisons are inappropriate. Multivariable survival analyses identified a higher mortality rate for patients undergoing cemented compared with uncemented total hip replacement (adjusted hazard ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.16); conversely, there was a lower revision rate with cemented procedures (0.53, 0.50 to 0.57). These translate to small predicted differences in population averaged absolute survival probability at all time points. For example, compared with the uncemented group, at eight years after surgery the predicted probability of death in the cemented group was 0.013 higher (0.007 to 0.019) and the predicted probability of revision was 0.015 lower (0.012 to 0.017). In multivariable analyses restricted to men, there was a higher mortality rate in the cemented group and the uncemented group compared with the Birmingham hip resurfacing group. In terms of revision, the Birmingham hip resurfacings had a similar revision rate to uncemented total hip replacements. Both uncemented total hip replacements and Birmingham hip resurfacings had a higher revision rate than cemented total hip replacements. <b>Conclusions</b> There is a small but significant increased risk of revision with uncemented rather than cemented total hip replacement, and a small but significant increased risk of death with cemented procedures. It is not known whether these are causal relations or caused by residual confounding. Compared with uncemented and cemented total hip replacements, Birmingham hip resurfacing has a significantly lower risk of death in men of all ages. Previously, only adjusted analyses of hip implant revision rates have been used to recommend and justify use of cheaper cemented total hip implants. Our investigations additionally consider mortality rates and suggest a potentially higher mortality rate with cemented total hip replacements, which merits further investigation.
Spontaneous resolution of capsule endoscope retention in a normal small bowel after 2.5 years
Authors: K. Triantafyllou, T. Kalli, N. Danias
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Capsule retention, defined as retention of a capsule endoscope in the digestive tract for a minimum of 2 weeks, is a major concern in patients undergoing video capsule endoscopy [1]. We report the first case of retention of a video capsule in the small bowel due to no apparent cause, which resolved spontaneously 2.5 years later without major consequences.
Prostaglandin D2 Reinforces Th2 Type Inflammatory Responses of Airways to Low-dose Antigen through Bronchial Expression of Macrophage-derived Chemokine
Authors: Kyoko Honda, Masafumi Arima, Gang Cheng, Shinsuke Taki, Hirokuni Hirata, Fukiko Eda, Fumiya Fukushima, Bunpei Yamaguchi, Masahiko Hatano, Takeshi Tokuhisa, Takeshi Fukuda
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

PGD2, a lipid mediator released from mast cells, is known to participate in allergic reactions. However, the mechanism by which PGD2 contributes to such reactions remains unclear. We established a novel experimental model of asthma that permitted direct assessment of the role of PGD2 in airway inflammation. Antigen-sensitized mice were exposed to aerosolized prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) 1 d before challenge with low-dose aerosolized antigen. Not only the numbers of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages but also the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were higher in PGD2-pretreated mice than in control mice. The expression of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), a chemoattractant for Th2 cells, was greater in PGD2-pretreated mice than in control. Injection of anti-MDC antibody into PGD2-pretreated mice markedly inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration as well as Th2 cyto-kine production after antigen challenge. These results indicate that PGD2 accelerates Th2 type inflammation by induction of MDC. Our results suggest that this mechanism may play a key role in the development of human asthma and that MDC might be a target molecule for therapeutic intervention.