tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
WEAKNESSES OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Authors: Santo S. Torcivia
Journal: JAMA (1953)

To the Editor:—  This is an appeal to you, and to other scientific editors, for a realistic appraisal of the difficulties that minimize greatly the value of scientific literature to physicians. After discussing this situation over a period of 10 years with physicians who have beenout of medical school for 5 years or longer, I feel my criticisms are valid and worth while.  First of all, all or most lecturers, authors, editors, and publishers presuppose an intimate and fresh knowledge of histology. The obvious fact is that this is not so. The great majority of physicians who open a book on pathology and look at a microscopic illustration are frustrated because they have little or no concept of what is being seen, shown, or meant. Why can't these microscopic illustrations have legends, or arrows, as in the book by Netter and others? This way the physician eventually knows what he
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
Authors: R. M. Bannerman, C. J. Graf, J. F. Upson
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BTMISHnot merely the estimation of reducing substances-which meet the needs of their particular laboratories.4-6Perhaps it would be helpful if details of their experiences with these methods were made available to biochemists, either through your columns or through the Association of Clinical Biochemists.Similar problems have arisen in relation to the use of ortho-tolidine in tests for residual chlorine in water-in this case the Water Research Association has recommended an alternative test based on NN'diethylparaphenylene diamine, which is not believed to be carcinogenic-and in relation to the use of 1-naphthylamine in tests for nitrates in sewage effluents or in urine.Recently an alternative test for urinary nitrites has been proposed.7Here again it would be useful if the experience of those who have changed to alternative methods could be collated and brought to the notice of biochemists.Since it is apparent that it will not be possible to abandon the use of all carcinogenic aromatic amines in medical biochemistry immediately, it would be wise in the mean- while for the head of every laboratory where these substances are used to ensure that all his staff are aware of the possible dangers and of the necessary precautions, and to see that these precautions are in fact observed.-I am, etc.,
Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Cardiac Surgery
Authors: JOHN E. CONTE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

A prospective, double-blind study was carried out to evaluate two prophylactic regimens in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The first group received 1 g of cephalothin during surgery and 20 doses of intravenous placebo preoperatively and postoperatively. A second group received the intraoperative antibiotic plus 20 1-g doses of intravenous cephalothin preoperatively and postoperatively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in major and minor infections, deaths, or floral changes. The longer course of prophylaxis may have influenced adversely the species of organisms causing major infection.
Determination of the quantitative thallium imaging variables that optimize detection of coronary artery disease
Authors: Sanjiv Kaul, Charles A. Boucher, John B. Newell, David A. Chesler, Joshua M. Greenberg, Robert D. Okada, H. William Strauss, Robert E. Dinsmore, Gerald M. Pohost
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Dissolution of Bilateral Uric Acid Calculi Causing Anuria
Authors: Anthony A. Eason
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE NONSURGICAL therapeutic approach to anuria caused by obstructive uric acid calculi has been advocated for poor-risk patients.<sup>1</sup>We recently used this method of treatment for a similar problem, which was successfully resolved by administration of allopurinol, alkalinization of the urine, and catheter irrigation of the renal pelvis with sodium bicarbonate solution. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 42-year-old man with left flank pain, nausea, vomiting, and hematuria was examined in the emergency ward. Excretory urography disclosed a questionable filling defect in the right renal pelvis and delayed function on the left side. At three hours into the pyelographic study, the left flank pain suddenly disappeared, and a film showed mild caliectasis and contrast medium now passing through an undilated left ureter. The patient was asymptomatic when discharged, but came back six days later, again complaining of flank pain with intractable nausea and vomiting. He indicated no previous history of
Volume expansion in the first 4 days of shock: a prospective multicentre study in 19 French intensive care units
Authors: Thierry Boulain, Julie Boisrame-Helms, Stephan Ehrmann, Jean-Baptiste Lascarrou, Adrien Bouglé, Arnaud Chiche, Karim Lakhal, Stéphane Gaudry, Sébastien Perbet, Arnaud Desachy, Séverin Cabasson, Isabelle Geneau, Patricia Courouble, Noémie Clavieras, Pablo L. Massanet, Frédéric Bellec, Yoan Falquet, François Réminiac, Philippe Vignon, Pierre-François Dequin, Ferhat Meziani
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
STUDIES ON THE NATURE OF RESISTANCE OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI TO PENICILLIN
Authors: Gregory Shwartzman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

The susceptibility of E. coli and Salmonella to penicillin is highest in a basal medium devoid of amino acids. Blood serum in certain concentrations, meat infusion broth, yeast extract, and casein hydrolysate interfere with the penicillin activity. The effect is apparently due to the antagonism of certain amino acids in the materials. Dicarboxyl-monoamino acids (i.e. aspartic, glutamic, and hydroxyglutamic acids and asparagine) cystine, arginine, histidine, and hydroxyproline are capable of suppressing the effect of penicilhn upon Gram-negative organisms. The antagonism of amino acids is not primarily related to their effect upon the rate of bacterial growth. It is suggested from the experiments detailed, that the antipenicillin activity is due to the effect of the amino acids upon bacterial metabolism. Prepassages in media of various concentrations of antagonistic amino acids alter the resistance of E. coli to penicillin. The changes are in inverse relation to the concentration of the antagonists. The antipenicillin activity of amino acids may be reversed significantly by dl-methionine. The substance, however, reverses only incompletely the antagonism of materials of mixed composition; i.e., casein hydrolysate, meat infusion broth, and serum. Upon addition of methionine, methionine sulfoxide, and threonine, there occurs a marked enhancement of penicillin susceptibility of broth cultures of Brucella, Eberthella, Salmonella, and Shigella. The enhancement is apparently due to the ability of this amino acid mixture to reverse effectively the action of the antagonists present in the cultures. Methionine is essential for the enhancement of penicillin susceptibility. Threonine and methionine sulfoxide facilitate the effect of methionine following a reciprocal quantitative relationship.
Multifactorial analysis of predictors of outcome in pediatric intracranial ependymoma
Authors: Lee Ridley, Ruman Rahman, Marie-Anne Brundler, David Ellison, James Lowe, Keith Robson, Emma Prebble, Inga Luckett, Richard J. Gilbertson, Sheila Parkes, Vikki Rand, Beth Coyle, Richard G. Grundy
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

Pediatric ependymomas are enigmatic tumors, and their clinical management remains one of the more difficult in pediatric oncology. The identification of biological correlates of outcome and therapeutic targets remains a significant challenge in this disease. We therefore analyzed a panel of potential biological markers to determine optimal prognostic markers. We constructed a tissue microarray from 97 intracranial tumors from 74 patients (WHO grade II–III) and analyzed the candidate markers nucleolin, telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT; antibody clone 44F12), survivin, Ki-67, and members of the receptor tyrosine kinase I (RTK-I) family by immunohistochemistry. Telomerase activity was determined using the in vitro–based telomere repeat amplification protocol assay, and telomere length was measured using the telomere restriction fragment assay. Primary tumors with low versus high nucleolin protein expression had a 5-year event-free survival of 74% ± 13% and 31% ± 7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified low nucleolin expression to be independently associated with a more favorable prognosis (hazard ratio = 6.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–24.2; p = 0.008). Ki-67 and survivin correlated with histological grade but not with outcome. Immunohistochemical detection of the RTK-I family did not correlate with grade or outcome. Telomerase activity was evident in 19 of 22 primary tumors, with telo mere lengthening and/or maintenance occurring in five of seven recurrent cases. Low nucleolin expression was the single most important biological predictor of outcome in pediatric intracranial ependymoma. Furthermore, telo merase reactivation and maintenance of telomeric repeats appear necessary for childhood ependymoma progression. These findings require corroboration in a clinical trial setting.
THE CONTROL OF GLYCOGEN UTILIZATION IN SKIN; PHOSPHORYLASE B KINASE AND PHOSPHORYLASE A PHOSPHATASE
Authors: P. D. MIER, A. H. M. SUTORIUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

SUMMARY.— The activation of phosphorylase b and the inactivation of phos‐phorylase a by skin homogenates have both been demonstrated for the first time. Certain properties of the enzymes catalysing these reactions (phosphorylase b kinase and phosphorylase a phosphatase, respectively) were investigated; it was concluded that the control system in skin is similar to that of muscle and liver. The possibility of certain dermatoses being associated with defects in this system is discussed.
Endoscopic transgastric procedures in anesthetized pigs: technical challenges, complications, and survival
Authors: C. Feretis, D. Kalantzopoulos, P. Koulouris, C. Kolettas, F. Archontovasilis, S. Chandakas, H. Patsea, A. Pantazopoulou, M. Sideris, A. Papalois, K. Simopoulos, E. Leandros
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de C. Feretis et al., pp. 394Endoscopy 2007; 39(05): 483-483DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306961
Transplantation with allogenic bone marrow from a donor with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): successful outcome in the recipient and induction of an SLE flare in the donor.
Authors: G Sturfelt, S Lenhoff, B Sallerfors, O Nived, L Truedsson, A G Sjoholm
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

To investigate the transfer of autoimmunity by allogenic bone marrow transplantation.Bone marrow transplantation was performed in a 43 years old man with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in remission. The donor was his HLA identical brother who had a mild systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autoantibodies, including antinuclear, anti-C1q, and anticardiolipin antibodies, were measured before and after transplantation.Transient mild graft versus host disease (GvHD) developed in the recipient in the weeks following transplantation. The donor had persistently high concentrations of anti-C1q antibodies to the collagenous region of the complement component C1q. Three months after transplantation the recipient developed antiC1q antibodies that persisted for two months. No other autoantibodies and no SLE-like manifestations appeared. Chronic GVHD started five months posttransplant and responded to intensified immunosuppressive treatment. Three years post-transplant the patient was in unmaintained remission. Within a few weeks after bone marrow donation the donor's disease was exacerbated with development of severe pulmonary alveolitis which required treatment with cyclophosphamide.When bone marrow transplantation was performed in a patient with AML with bone marrow from an HLA identical brother who had SLE, no evidence of transfer of disease was obtained. However, the recipient temporarily produced anti-C1q antibodies which was a characteristic feature of the donor's SLE and was probably produced by the transplant. The flare of the donor's SLE might be related to the bone marrow tap.
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: prognosis and management
Authors: A Oza, S V Rajkumar
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Abstract Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma characterized by monoclonal immunoglobulin M protein in the serum and infiltration of bone marrow with lymphoplasmacytic cells. Asymptomatic patients can be observed without therapy. First-line therapy should consist of the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, rituximab, given typically in combination with other agents. We prefer dexamethasone, rituximab, cyclophosphamide (DRC) as initial therapy for most patients with symptomatic WM. Other reasonable options are bortezomib, rituximab, dexamethasone (BoRD) or bendamustine plus rituximab (BR). All of these regimens are associated with excellent response and tolerability. Initial therapy is usually administered for 6 months, followed by observation. Response to therapy is assessed using the standard response criteria developed by the International Working Group on Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Relapse is almost inevitable in WM but may occur years after initial therapy. In symptomatic patients relapsing more than 1–2 years after initial therapy, the original treatment can be repeated. For relapse occurring sooner, an alternative regimen is used. In select patients, high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation may be an option at relapse. Options for therapy of relapsed WM besides regimens used in the front-line setting include ibrutinib, purine nucleoside analogs (cladribine, fludarabine), carfilzomib and immunomodulatory agents (thalidomide, lenalidomide).
Experimental Demonstration of Concealed AV Conduction in the Human Heart
Authors: R. LANGENDORF, A. PICK, A. EDELIST, L. N. KATZ
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Artificial pacing of patients with Stokes-Adams disease provided an opportunity to study experimentally the ways of operation of concealed antegrade or retrograde conduction, or both, in the AV junction. With a catheter electrode in the right atrium the classical experiment of Lewis and Master was repeated, revealing, during a 2:1 ventricular response to an atrial tachycardia, the delaying effect of seemingly blocked atrial impulses on subsequent AV conduction. Shifting the position of a single premature atrial impulse within a constant driving cycle of the atria produced graded effects of "blocked" atrial impulses on AV junctional refractoriness, permitting an estimation of the duration of the "phase of concealed AV conduction." Interpolation of such premature atrial impulses into successive driving cycles resulted in "repetitive concealed conduction." In an artificially produced atrial parasystole there was observed "concealed discharge" of a subsidiary (escaping) AV junctional pacemaker by an apparently nonconducted atrial impulse. With a catheter electrode in the right ventricle in a case of advanced AV block, concealed retrograde conduction of pacer stimuli disturbed the rhythmicity of a spontaneous AV junctional pacemaker. In a case of advanced AV block with preserved retrograde conduction (unidirectional block), evidence of penetration of the upper AV junction by the "blocked" antegrade impulse was found. With electrodes implanted in the left ventricle in a case of advanced AV block, concealed retrograde conduction of the artificial pacemaker stimuli enhanced antegrade conduction by transiently changing an area of unidirectional block to one of supernormal conduction. Thus, all known manifestations of concealed atrioventricular and ventriculo-atrial conduction, occurring spontaneously in clinical records or induced in animal experiments, were artificially reproduced in the human heart.
A Residency-based Information System
Authors: John W. Murphy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

The medical literature has grown to an unmanageable size, and we need to develop information systems that provide better accessibility. An internal medicine residency program is an ideal setting for developing a system in which articles are screened for usefulness in clinical decision making and organized to be rapidly accessible and relatively inexpensive to use. In our residency training program, we use clinical problem-solving, journal club article review, and teaching conference preparation to generate appropriate articles from PAPERCHASE (MEDLINE) database searches. With the chief resident supervising the process, articles are then selected and organized in a computerized article file. The software program, Reference Manager (Research Information Systems, Inc., Encinitas, California), stores article citations and supports searches using standard, medical subject heading vocabulary key words. In an 18-month period, residents have collected more than 1800 references appropriate to clinical decision making and have established an article file that is now used daily as a medical information source.
Osteopathy
Authors: James H. Berge
Journal: JAMA (1961)

PRIMARILY as the result of a report of a committee appointed by the Board of Trustees to meet with representatives of the American Osteopathic Association, the Board in December, 1960, asked the Judicial Council to inquire further into the osteopathic question. In addition, the House of Delegates at its December, 1960, meeting, after consideration of Resolution 23 introduced by the New Jersey delegation, recommended that the resolution be referred to the Judicial Council so that all facets of the osteopathic question could be considered and, if possible, be resolved simultaneously.  Recent Developments  Since the Council last reported to the House of Delegates on this matter in June, 1959, the following significant events have occurred:  1. The American Hospital Association revised its requirements for listing hospitals. It will now list hospitals having doctors of osteopathy on their medical staffs if the hospitals submit evidence of regular care of the patient
Narcotic Dependency in Pregnancy
Authors: Barry Stimmel
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The course of pregnancy and delivery in 28 women under closely supervised methadone maintenance (group 1) was compared with that of 57 women using heroin or methadone under less controlled circumstances (group 2) and with that of 30 women free of mood-altering medications (group 3). Women in group 1 had the lowest incidence of coexisting medical problems (<i>P</i>=.025), with an incidence of fetal distress not statistically different from that of women in group 3. Infants born to women in group 2 had the highest incidence of fetal distress (<sup>P</sup>&lt;.05), with four congenital defects, one stillbirth, and one neonatal death. Symptoms characteristic of narcotic withdrawal occurred with similar frequency in group 1 and 2 infants, appearing earlier in children whose mothers were users of heroin. These findings indicate that maintenance of the pregnant addict under closely supervised methadone therapy is compatible with an uneventful pregnancy and birth of a healthy infant whose withdrawal symptoms in the neonatal period are readily controllable. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1121-1124, 1976)
Coffee Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Maria Giuseppina Silletta, RosaMaria Marfisi, Giacomo Levantesi, Alessandro Boccanelli, Carmelo Chieffo, MariaGrazia Franzosi, Enrico Geraci, Aldo Pietro Maggioni, Gianluigi Nicolosi, Carlo Schweiger, Luigi Tavazzi, Gianni Tognoni, Roberto Marchioli
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The relation between coffee consumption and cardiovascular disease has been studied extensively, but results are still debated. In addition, little evidence is available on patients with established coronary heart disease.Prospectively ascertained information among 11,231 Italian patients (9584 males and 1647 females) with recent (< or = 3 months) myocardial infarction enrolled in the GISSI (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico)-Prevenzione trial was used. Usual dietary habits were assessed at baseline and updated at 0.5 and 1.5 years. Coffee consumption was categorized as never/almost never, < 2 cups per day, 2 to 4 cups per day, and > 4 cups per day. Medication use and fasting glucose were assessed at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 years. Risk was evaluated with Cox proportional hazards with time-varying covariates. The main outcome measure was the cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke). A total of 1167 cardiovascular events occurred during 36,961 person-years of follow-up. After multivariable adjustment for potential confounders in the time-dependent analysis, the relative risk of cardiovascular events across categories of coffee consumption was 1.02 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.20) for < 2 cups per day, 0.91 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.09) for 2 to 4 cups per day, and 0.88 (95% CI 0.64 to 1.20) for > 4 cups per day compared with abstainers (P for trend=0.18). Ultimately, coffee consumption did not change the risk of coronary heart disease events, stroke, and sudden death.No association between moderate coffee intake and cardiovascular events was observed in post-myocardial infarction patients.
Familial visceral myopathy associated with a mitochondrial myopathy.
Authors: R Lowsky, G Davidson, S Wolman, K N Jeejeebhoy, R A Hegele
Journal: Gut (1993)

A 27 year old man with intestinal pseudo-obstruction who developed parenteral nutrition induced hyperlipidaemia and who also had ophthalmoplegia and an undifferentiated myopathy is described. Histological examination of biopsy specimens and molecular analysis show that this patient had both familial visceral myopathy and a mitochondrial myopathy, suggesting that a mitochondrial DNA mutation is the molecular lesion in familial visceral myopathy.
A Human ICAM-1 Antibody Isolated by a Function-First Approach Has Potent Macrophage-Dependent Antimyeloma Activity In Vivo
Authors: Niina Veitonmäki, Markus Hansson, Fenghuang Zhan, Annika Sundberg, Tobias Löfstedt, Anne Ljungars, Zhan-Chun Li, Titti Martinsson-Niskanen, Ming Zeng, Ye Yang, Lena Danielsson, Mathilda Kovacek, Andrea Lundqvist, Linda Mårtensson, Ingrid Teige, Guido Tricot, Björn Frendéus
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Melanoma-intrinsic β-catenin signaling prevents T cell infiltration and anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Stefani Spranger, Riyue Bao, Thomas Gajewski
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts A subset of melanoma patients has evidence for spontaneous anti-tumor immune responses and T cell infiltration into tumor sites, which has important prognostic value and is associated with clinical responses to immunotherapies. However, the molecular mechanisms explaining absence