tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Predictors of Overweight and Insulin Resistance in Offspring of Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Heike Boerschmann, Maren Pflüger, Lydia Henneberger, Anette-G. Ziegler, Sandra Hummel
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with high birth weight in the offspring. This may lead to overweight and insulin resistance during childhood. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of GDM on overweight risk and insulin resistance in offspring. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS BMI measurements were collected at age 2, 8, and 11 years from 232 offspring of mothers with GDM (OGDM) and compared with those from 757 offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes (OT1D) and 431 offspring of nondiabetic mothers (ONDM) born between 1989 and 2000. Insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) was determined at age 8 and 11 years in 751 children (74 OGDM). Overweight was defined as BMI percentile ≥90; insulin resistance was defined by HOMA-IR. RESULTS Overweight prevalence was increased in OGDM compared with OT1D and to ONDM throughout childhood (age 11 years 31.1, 15.8, and 15.5%; P = 0.005). Maternal obesity was an important predictor of overweight risk in children (age 11 years odds ratio 7.0 [95% CI 1.8–27.7]; P = 0.006); birth size and maternal smoking during pregnancy were inconsistently associated with and treatment of GDM during pregnancy did not affect overweight risk. HOMA-IR was increased in OGDM compared with offspring of ONDM mothers (P = 0.01, adjusted for sex and age) and was associated with the child's BMI (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Overweight and insulin resistance in children is increased in OGDM compared with OT1D or ONDM. The finding that overweight risk is associated mainly with maternal obesity suggests that familial predisposition contributes to childhood growth in these offspring.
Serious eye injuries to cricket wicketkeepers: a call to consider protective eyewear
Authors: David L Mann, Stephen J Dain
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2012)

<b>Background:</b> Use of blood conservation techniques in elective surgery reduces the risk of infection and transfusion reactions that result from using allogeneic blood products. We examined the transfusion practice and blood conservation strategies for elective orthopedic procedures in 19 Canadian hospitals. <b>Methods:</b> We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent total hip or knee joint arthroplasty between June 1998 and January 1999 in a convenience sample of 19 hospitals to determine the pre- and postoperative hemoglobin concentrations, concurrent medical conditions, participation status in an autologous blood donation program, use of other blood conservation techniques, and occurrence of allogeneic and autologous transfusions. Patients were considered eligible for autologous blood donation if they weighed at least 25 kg, were in good general health without major cardiac conditions and had a hemoglobin concentration of at least 110 g/L. <b>Results:</b> We reviewed 4535 medical records. Of the 4422 patients whose eligibility status was known, 2561 (57.9%) were eligible to participate in an autologous blood donation program. Only 842 (18.6%) of the patients predonated blood. Patients who did not predonate blood were older (mean age 70.1 v. 63.8 years) and were more likely to have concomitant medical conditions (60.3% v. 37.9%) than those who did predonate. Overall, 30.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.1%–32.1%) of the patients who did not predonate blood received allogeneic transfusions. For patients who predonated, the rate of allogeneic transfusion was 14.1% (95% CI 11.8%–16.5%). The frequency with which blood conservation techniques other than autologous blood donation were used was minimal (in 2.4% of all cases). <b>Interpretation:</b> The use of blood conservation techniques among hospitals in Canada remains low. Only a minority of eligible patients participated in an autologous blood donation program.
DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE-MIMETIC ACTION OF AMMONIATED GLYCYRRHIZIN IN RATS
Authors: Shirley D. Kraus
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

The desexycorticosterone-mimetic action of ammoniated glycyrrhizin on electrolyte and water metabolism and on pituitary-adrenal function, was demonstrated in rats. Retention of sodium and water was observed in both intact and adrenalectomized rats during 4 hour minerosteroid assays, the degree of retention being a function of log dose. In intact rats, the antidiuretic effect of glycyrrhizin was immediate and cumulative, while retention of sodium appeared only after a latent period and did not increase with time. Adrenalectomized rats, 3 days after the operation, showed a more marked antidiuretic effect than intact rats, but no greater retention of sodium. Rats receiving glycyrrhizin prior to histamine stress showed a marked decrease in adrenal ascorbic acid depletion, suggesting that glycyrrhizin had suppressed the output of ACTH. Whether glycyrrhizin acts on the same target organ as desoxycorticosterone in producing sodium and water retention is still an open question. However, the fact that it is capable of producing a pituitary-adrenal inhibition which resembles that of naturally occurring adrenal steroids is further evidence of the strong pharmacological resemblance between glycyrrhizin and desoxycorticosterone.
Urine lipoarabinomannan testing for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children: a prospective study
Authors: Mark P Nicol, Veronica Allen, Lesley Workman, Washiefa Isaacs, Jacinta Munro, Sandra Pienaar, Faye Black, Layla Adonis, Widaad Zemanay, Yonas Ghebrekristos, Heather J Zar
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

Urine tests for mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan might be useful for point-of-care diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults with advanced HIV infection, but have not been assessed in children. We assessed the accuracy of urine lipoarabinomannan testing for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative children.We prospectively recruited children (aged ≤ 15 years) who presented with suspected tuberculosis at a primary health-care clinic and paediatric referral hospital in South Africa, between March 1, 2009, and April 30, 2012. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of urine lipoarabinomannan testing with lateral fl ow assay and ELISA, with mycobacterial culture of two induced sputum samples as the reference standard. Positive cultures were identified by acid-fast staining and tested to confirm Mycobacterium tuberculosis and establish susceptibility to rifampicin and isoniazid.535 children (median age 42.5 months, IQR 19.1 – 66.3) had urine and two induced specimens available for testing. 89 (17%) had culture-confirmed tuberculosis and 106 (20%) had HIV. The lateral fl ow lipoarabinomannan test showed poor accuracy against the reference standard, with sensitivity of 48.3% (95% CI 37.6 – 59.2), specificity of 60.8% (56.1 – 65.3), and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.53 (0.46 – 0.60) for children without HIV and 0.64 (0.51 – 0.76) for children with HIV. ELISA had poor sensitivity in children without HIV (sensitivity 3.0%, 95% CI 0.4 – 10.5) and children with HIV (0%, 0.0 – 14.3); overall specificity was 95.7% (93.4 – 97.4).Urine lipoarabinomannan tests have insufficient sensitivity and specificity to diagnose HIV-positive and HIV-negative children with tuberculosis and should not be used in this patient population.
Remote Control of Neuronal Activity in Transgenic Mice Expressing Evolved G Protein-Coupled Receptors
Authors: Georgia M. Alexander, Sarah C. Rogan, Atheir I. Abbas, Blaine N. Armbruster, Ying Pei, John A. Allen, Randal J. Nonneman, John Hartmann, Sheryl S. Moy, Miguel A. Nicolelis, James O. McNamara, Bryan L. Roth
Journal: Neuron (2009)
Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Trial Comparing Orteronel (TAK-700) Plus Prednisone With Placebo Plus Prednisone in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer That Has Progressed During or After Docetaxel-Based Therapy: ELM-PC 5
Authors: Karim Fizazi, Robert Jones, Stephane Oudard, Eleni Efstathiou, Fred Saad, Ronald de Wit, Johann De Bono, Felipe Melo Cruz, George Fountzilas, Albertas Ulys, Flavio Carcano, Neeraj Agarwal, David Agus, Joaquim Bellmunt, Daniel P. Petrylak, Shih-Yuan Lee, Iain J. Webb, Bindu Tejura, Niels Borgstein, Robert Dreicer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Orteronel (TAK-700) is an investigational, nonsteroidal, reversible, selective 17,20-lyase inhibitor. This study examined orteronel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer that progressed after docetaxel therapy.In our study, 1,099 men were randomly assigned in a 2:1 schedule to receive orteronel 400 mg plus prednisone 5 mg twice daily or placebo plus prednisone 5 mg twice daily, stratified by region (Europe, North America [NA], and non-Europe/NA) and Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form worst pain score. Primary end point was overall survival (OS). Key secondary end points (radiographic progression-free survival [rPFS], ≥ 50% decrease of prostate-specific antigen [PSA50], and pain response at 12 weeks) were to undergo statistical testing only if the primary end point analysis was significant.The study was unblinded after crossing a prespecified OS futility boundary. The median OS was 17.0 months versus 15.2 months with orteronel-prednisone versus placebo-prednisone (hazard ratio [HR], 0.886; 95% CI, 0.739 to 1.062; P = .190). Improved rPFS was observed with orteronel-prednisone (median, 8.3 v 5.7 months; HR, 0.760; 95% CI, 0.653 to 0.885; P < .001). Orteronel-prednisone showed advantages over placebo-prednisone in PSA50 rate (25% v 10%, P < .001) and time to PSA progression (median, 5.5 v 2.9 months, P < .001) but not pain response rate (12% v 9%; P = .128). Adverse events (all grades) were generally more frequent with orteronel-prednisone, including nausea (42% v 26%), vomiting (36% v 17%), fatigue (29% v 23%), and increased amylase (14% v 2%).Our study did not meet the primary end point of OS. Longer rPFS and a higher PSA50 rate with orteronel-prednisone indicate antitumor activity.
Biochemical and ultrastructural characterization of fluid transporting LLC-PK1 microspheres.
Authors: K J Andersen, A B Maunsbach, E I Christensen
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1998)

The established renal epithelial cell line LLC-PK1 (proximal tubule) started to form multicellular spheroids within 24 h when grown in agar overlay culture. The spheroids, average diameter 100 to 350 microns, were free-floating with a butterfly-like structure due to the formation of several hollow microspheres. The microspheres were lined with polarized epithelial cells that had an abundance of microvilli protruding into the external medium and a well developed vacuolar apparatus, including coated pits, endocytotic vacuoles, and lysosomes. The microspheres were sealed between lumen and the surrounding medium by tight junctions and fluctuated in size due to fluid being transported in an apical-to-basal direction. Vasopressin was found to stimulate this transport, whereas the addition of ouabain or HgCl2 inhibited both spheroid growth and fluctuation in size with time. Biochemical assays of brush-border and lysosomal marker enzymes demonstrated an increase in enzyme activity during spheroid formation and growth. The most dramatic changes were observed for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (two- to threefold after 1 d and 53.5-fold after 15 d), reflecting the cellular polarization and brush-border formation during spheroid formation. When the typical lysosomal enzymes were compared, the activity of peptide bond splitting enzymes increased earlier than others. In conclusion, LLC-PK1 spheroids capable of forming microspheres represent an in vitro manifestation of specialized epithelial properties maintained in cell culture, thus providing a tool for studying renal physiologic mechanisms at a cellular level.
Binding of the Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Protein E2 to CD81 Inhibits Natural Killer Cell Functions
Authors: Chien-Te K. Tseng, Gary R. Klimpel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Little is known about how this virus is able to persist or whether this persistence might be because of its ability to alter the early innate immune response. The major HCV envelope protein E2 has been shown to bind to CD81. Thus, HCV binding to natural killer (NK) cells could result in the cross-linking of CD81. To explore this possibility, we investigated whether cross-linking CD81 on NK cells could alter NK cell function. CD81 cross-linking by monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for CD81 or by immobilized E2 have been shown to result in costimulatory signals for human T cells. In this study, we show that CD81 cross-linking via immobilized E2 or mAbs specific for CD81 inhibits not only non major histocompatibility complex–restricted cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells but also interferon (IFN)-γ production by NK cells after exposure to interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-15, or CD16 cross-linking. These results show that CD81 cross-linking mediates completely different signals in NK cells versus T cells. Importantly, these results suggest that one mechanism whereby HCV can alter host defenses and innate immunity is via the early inhibition of IFN-γ production by NK cells.
Two Birds With One Stone: Octreotide Treatment for Acromegaly and Breast Cancer
Authors: Young Kwang Chae, Mimi I. Hu, Ruth L. Katz, Mariana Chavez-MacGregor, Paul Haluska, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo, Amal Melhem-Bertrandt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)
Energetics in Colorectal and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Jing Ma, Kerry S. Courneya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

For decades, extensive research has explored the association between factors related to energy balance and the development of both colorectal cancer and prostate cancer. Physical inactivity, obesity, higher red meat consumption or Western pattern diet, insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) appear to increase the risk of colorectal cancer while obesity, high animal fat intake, insulin and IGFs have been associated with increasing prostate cancer risk and/or aggressiveness. Recently, there are growing observational data on the relationship between energetic host factors and progression of these cancers. While there are no large randomized trials in either colorectal cancer or prostate cancer assessing these factors on disease progression or disease-related mortality, the data supporting associations between some of these factors and colorectal or prostate cancer survivorship are getting more compelling. This article will evaluate the emerging data on energy balance in patients with colorectal or prostate cancer.
Gelatinase expression and proteolytic activity in giant-cell arteritis
Authors: M. Segarra, A. Garcia-Martinez, M. Sanchez, J. Hernandez-Rodriguez, E. Lozano, J. M Grau, M. C Cid
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Gelatinases (MMP2 and MMP9) are expressed in giant-cell arteritis (GCA) and are thought to play a role in vessel disruption. However, their activation status and enzymatic activity have not been evaluated. Our aim was to investigate the distribution and proteolytic activity of gelatinases in GCA lesions at different stages.Expression of MMP2, MMP9, MMP2-activator MMP14 and their natural inhibitors TIMP1 and TIMP2 was determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry in temporal artery sections from 46 patients and 12 controls. MMP activation status and enzymatic activity were assessed by gelatin and film in situ zymography.Vascular smooth muscle cells from normal specimens constitutively expressed pro-MMP2 and its inhibitor TIMP2 with no resulting proteolytic activity. In GCA MMP2, MMP9 and MMP14 were strongly expressed in their active form by infiltrating leucocytes. Inflamed arteries also expressed TIMP1 and TIMP2. However, the MMP9/TIMP1 and MMP2/TIMP2 ratios were higher in patients compared with controls, indicating an increased proteolytic balance in GCA which was confirmed by in situ zymography. Maximal gelatinase expression and activity occurred at the granulomatous areas surrounding the internal elastic lamina (IEL). Myointimal cells also expressed MMPs and exhibited proteolytic activity, suggesting a role for gelatinases in vascular remodelling and repair.GCA lesions show intense expression of gelatinases. Activators and inhibitors are regulated to yield enhanced gelatinase activation and proteolytic activity. Distribution of expression and proteolytic activity suggests that gelatinases have a major role not only in the progression of inflammatory infiltrates and vessel destruction but also in vessel repair.
Family history of cancer and the risk of cancer: a network of case–control studies
Authors: F. Turati, V. Edefonti, C. Bosetti, M. Ferraroni, M. Malvezzi, S. Franceschi, R. Talamini, M. Montella, F. Levi, L. Dal Maso, D. Serraino, J. Polesel, E. Negri, A. Decarli, C. La Vecchia
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
MHC Class I–Presented Tumor Antigens Identified in Ovarian Cancer by Immunoproteomic Analysis Are Targets for T-Cell Responses against Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Michael A. Morse, Angeles A. Secord, Kimberly Blackwell, Amy C. Hobeika, Gomathinayagam Sinnathamby, Takuya Osada, Julie Hafner, Mohan Philip, Timothy M. Clay, H. Kim Lyerly, Ramila Philip
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

The purpose of this study is to test whether peptide epitopes chosen from among those naturally processed and overpresented within MHC molecules by malignant, but not normal cells, when formulated into cancer vaccines, could activate antitumor T-cell responses in humans.Mixtures of human leukocyte antigen A2 (HLA-A2)-binding ovarian cancer-associated peptides were used to activate naive T cells to generate antigen-specific T cells that could recognize ovarian and breast cancers in vitro. Combinations of these peptides (0.3 mg of each peptide or 1 mg of each peptide) were formulated into vaccines in conjunction with Montanide ISA-51 and granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor which were used to vaccinate patients with ovarian and breast cancer without evidence of clinical disease in parallel pilot clinical trials.T cells specific for individual peptides could be generated in vitro by using mixtures of peptides, and these T cells recognized ovarian and breast cancers but not nonmalignant cells. Patient vaccinations were well tolerated with the exception of local erythema and induration at the injection site. Nine of the 14 vaccinated patients responded immunologically to their vaccine by inducing peptide-specific T-cell responses that were capable of recognizing HLA-matched breast and ovarian cancer cells.Mixtures of specific peptides identified as naturally presented on cancer cells and capable of activating tumor-specific T cells in vitro also initiate or augment immune responses toward solid tumors in cancer patients.
Functional Alterations of the <i>Nppa</i> Promoter Are Linked to Cardiac Ventricular Hypertrophy in WKY/WKHA Rat Crosses
Authors: Christian F. Deschepper, Sandro Masciotra, Ahmad Zahabi, Isabelle Boutin-Ganache, Sylvie Picard, Timothy L. Reudelhuber
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —Cardiac left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is commonly associated with hypertension, but its variance is determined for more than 50% by blood pressure–independent genetic factors. Because it constitutes one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular mortality, we have performed a genome-wide scan of the F2 progeny of crosses between inbred WKY and WKHA rats to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to cardiac mass. In addition to left ventricular mass (LVM), we also measured left ventricle (LV) concentration of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), because we have previously established that there was a genetic link between these 2 traits in the same animal cross. We found 2 contiguous QTL on chromosome 5 that were linked to either LVM (logarithm of odds [LOD]=3.5) or log n (LV ANF) (LOD=12). The 1-LOD support intervals of both QTL shared a region overlapping the locus of natriuretic peptide precursor A ( Nppa ) (ie, the ANF-coding gene). We found by sequencing 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the first 650 bp of the Nppa minimal promoters of the genes from both strains. One of these SNPs increased the transcriptional activity of the Nppa minimal promoter in transfected neonatal cardiomyocytes in keeping with the higher LV concentration of ANF observed in WKY versus WKHA rats. Taken together with the previous reports showing that ANF may protect cardiomyocytes against hypertrophy, our genetic data single out Nppa as a strong candidate gene for the determination of LVM.
Laparoscopic splenectomy for medically refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP): A retrospective cohort study on longtime response predicting factors based on consensus criteria
Authors: Emile Rijcken, Soeren Torge Mees, Guido Bisping, Kristin Krueger, Matthias Bruewer, Norbert Senninger, Rudolf Mennigen
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Activity monitoring in perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with lung cancer and COPD
Authors: Maria Kerti, Janos Varga
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rationale: Functional capacity, physical activity can evaluate the risk of thoracic surgery. Activity monitoring can detect the effectivity of pulmonary rehabilitation.  Materials and methods: 30 lung cancer patients with COPD (FEV1: 66±9 %pred) was involved into 3 groups. Preoperative group (PE: rehabilitation before thoracic surgery): 10 patients, postoperative group (PO: rehabilitation after thoracic surgery): 10 patients, and pre- and postoperative group (PEO: rehabilitation before and after thoracic surgery): 10 patients. Activity monitoring was detected by Omron Walking Style Pro pedometer, 72h measurement was performed at start and end of rehabilitation. Six minutes walking test (6MWD) was measured before and after rehabilitation. Patients were performing breathing training and physiotherapy for 30 minutes and personalized exercise training, including cycling and treadmill exercise 2-3 times for 20-30 minutes per day at 60-80% of peak work rate for 3 weeks.  Results: Lung function did not change significantly. Daily steps (PE: 3503±2112 vs. 3875±2011; PO:4160±1830 vs. 8176±1830*; PEO: 3417±1418 vs. 4767±3303 before and 2846±357 vs. 4882±244 steps* after surgery; *p  Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis of pulmonary rehabilitation improves physical activity and maximal exercise capacity. Our results show the importance of physical activity in pre- and postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation, but in special cases complex perioperative rehabilitation is needed.
Efficacy of ω-3 Fatty Acids in Preventing Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: William G. Hodge, Howard M. Schachter, David Barnes, Yi Pan, Elizabeth C. Lowcock, Li Zhang, Margaret Sampson, Andra Morrison, Khai Tran, Maia Miguelez, Gabriela Lewin
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
Is ileocaecal Crohn's disease L1 or L3 according to the Montreal classification?
Authors: L. Peyrin-Biroulet
Journal: Gut (2008)

In a recent issue of the journal, Satsangi et al reviewed the key issues that have emerged from discussions of the Montreal Working Party ( Gut 2006; 55 :749–53). One problem that I have encountered in my clinical practice is to define ileocaecal Crohn’s disease according to the Montreal classification. In both articles on the Montreal classification, terminal ileum involvement is L1, colonic disease is L2, and ileocolonic involvement is L3.1 Should we consider ileocaecal Crohn’s disease as L1 or L3 according …