tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Location of Stereotactic Lesions Confirmed at Necropsy
Authors: M. C. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Drillien, C. M. (1961a). Pediatrics, 27, 452. (1961b). Arch. Dis. Childh., 36, 515. Ingram, T. T. S., and Kerr, J. D. (1954). Ibid., 29, 282. McDonald, A. D. (1961). Brit. J. prev'. soc. Med., 15, 154. Miller, F. J. W., Court, S. D. M., Walton, W. S., and Knox. E. G. (1960). Growing lip in Newcastle upon Tyne. Oxford Univ. Press, London. Report to Medical Research Council (1955). Brit. med. J., 2, 78.
Technetium-99m Sestamibi Uptake in a Maxillary Brown Tumor
Authors: ISIS W. GAYED, SHEHAB M. ELSHAZLY, RUSSELL S. VANG, BRUCE J. BARRON, LAMK M. LAMKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Brown tumors have been reported to take up TI-201 when dual-tracer parathyroid scintigraphy using TI-201 and Tc-99m pertechnetate was performed. With the change to the more favorable Tc-99m sestamibi parathyroid scanning, similar phenomena of tracer uptake in brown tumors have been reported. The authors describe a 44-year-old man with a left maxillary swelling. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated parathyroid hormone levels. Computed tomography of the head showed a left maxillary expansile mass. Subsequently, a Tc-99m sestamibi scan was performed to rule out a parathyroid adenoma. Left inferior parathyroid retention of the tracer was seen, indicating a parathyroid adenoma. An incidental finding was the uptake of Tc-99m MIBI in the left maxillary brown tumor. This case suggests the utility and possible specificity of Tc-99m MIBI uptake in diagnosing brown tumors.
A Novel Technology for the Imaging of Acidic Prostate Tumors by Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Amy L. Vāvere, Gráinne B. Biddlecombe, William M. Spees, Joel R. Garbow, Dayanjali Wijesinghe, Oleg A. Andreev, Donald M. Engelman, Yana K. Reshetnyak, Jason S. Lewis
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Solid tumors often develop an acidic environment due to the Warburg effect. The effectiveness of diagnosis and therapy may therefore be enhanced by the design and use of pH-sensitive agents that target acidic tumors. Recently, a novel technology was introduced to target acidic tumors using pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP), a peptide that inserts across cell membranes as an alpha-helix when the extracellular pH (pH(e)) is acidic. In this study, we expanded the application of the pHLIP technology to include positron emission tomography imaging of the acidic environment in prostate tumors using (64)Cu conjugated to the pHLIP ((64)Cu-DOTA-pHLIP). Studies showed that this construct avidly accumulated in LNCaP and PC-3 tumors, with higher uptake and retention in the LNCaP tumors. Uptake correlated with differences in the bulk pH(e) of PC-3 and LNCaP tumors measured in magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments by the (31)P chemical shift of the pH(e) marker 3-aminopropylphosphonate. This article introduces a novel class of noninvasive pH-selective positron emission tomography imaging agents and opens new research directions in the diagnosis of acidic solid tumors.
Use of Direct, Endoscopic-Guided Measurements of Mucosal Impedance in Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Elif Saritas Yuksel, Tina Higginbotham, James C. Slaughter, Jerry Mabary, Robert T. Kavitt, C. Gaelyn Garrett, Michael F. Vaezi
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Diastolic paradoxic jet flow in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Evidence of concealed apical asynergy with cavity obliteration
Authors: Takashi Nakamura, Kinya Matsubara, Keizo Furukawa, Akihiro Azuma, Hiroki Sugihara, Hiroshi Katsume, Masao Nakagawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Real-time 3-D dark-field microscopy for the validation of the cross-linking process of alginate microcapsules
Authors: R. Wolf, D. Zimmermann, M. Weber, P. Feilen, F. Ehrhart, M. Salinas Jungjohann, A. Katsen, M. Behringer, P. Geßner, L. Pließ, A. Steinbach, J. Spitz, J.A. Vásquez, S. Schneider, E. Bamberg, M.M. Weber, U. Zimmermann, H. Zimmermann
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
CONTRACTION OF THE VISUAL FIELD; A SYMPTOM OF ANESTHESIA OF THE EETINA IN CHILDEEIT.
Authors: WEBSTER L. FOX
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The term retinal anesthesia is usually employed to designate a rather vague condition in which the function of the retina is temporarily suspended or its sensibility greatly diminished. In many text-books it is included in retinal diseases only for consistency's sake and to describe a possibility of the occurrence of such a condition. But from the descriptions usually given it would seem that authors had never encountered the affection as a purely independent disease having definite symptoms, treatment and prognosis. It is my purpose in this paper to present the features of this condition as I have met with it and to substantiate my statements with brief histories of my cases. This retinal anesthesia, in my experience, is characterized by a reduction in the acuity of vision and marked contraction of the visual fields, with no reversal in the color fields. There are no other symptoms,
Noninvasive detection of expiratory flow limitation in COPD patients during nasal CPAP
Authors: R. L. Dellacà, M. Rotger, A. Aliverti, D. Navajas, A. Pedotti, R. Farré
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

The difference between mean inspiratory and expiratory respiratory reactance (delta(rs)) measured with forced oscillation technique (FOT) at 5 Hz allows the detection of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients breathing spontaneously. This aim of this study was to evaluate whether this approach can be applied to COPD patients during noninvasive pressure support. Delta(rs) was measured in seven COPD patients subjected to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) at 0, 4, 8 and 12 cmH2O in sitting and supine positions. Simultaneous recording of oesophageal pressure and the Mead and Whittenberger (M-W) method provided a reference for scoring each breath as flow-limited (FL), non-flow-limited (NFL) or indeterminate (I). For each patient, six consecutive breaths were analysed for each posture and CPAP level. According to M-W scoring, 47 breaths were FL, 166 NFL and 51 I. EFL scoring using FOT coincided with M-W in 94.8% of the breaths. In the four patients who were FL in at least one condition, delta(rs) was reduced with increasing CPAP. These data suggest that the forced oscillation technique may be useful in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients on nasal pressure support by identifying continuous positive airway pressure levels that support breathing without increasing lung volume, which in turn increase the work of breathing and reduce muscle effectiveness and efficiency.
Human Neurospheres as Three-Dimensional Cellular Systems for Developmental Neurotoxicity Testing
Authors: Michaela Moors, Thomas Dino Rockel, Josef Abel, Jason E. Cline, Kathrin Gassmann, Timm Schreiber, Janette Schuwald, Nicole Weinmann, Ellen Fritsche
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundDevelopmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of environmental chemicals is a serious threat to human health. Current DNT testing guidelines propose investigations in rodents, which require large numbers of animals. With regard to the “3 Rs” (reduction, replacement, and refinement) of animal testing and the European regulation of chemicals [Registration, Evaluation, and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH)], alternative testing strategies are needed in order to refine and reduce animal experiments and allow faster and less expensive screening.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to establish a three-dimensional test system for DNT screening based on human fetal brain cells.MethodsWe established assays suitable for detecting disturbances in basic processes of brain development by employing human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), which grow as neurospheres. Furthermore, we assessed effects of mercury and oxidative stress on these cells.ResultsWe found that human neurospheres imitate proliferation, differentiation, and migration in vitro. Exposure to the proapoptotic agent staurosporine further suggests that human neurospheres possess functioning apoptosis machinery. The developmental neurotoxicants methylmercury chloride and mercury chloride decreased migration distance and number of neuronal-like cells in differentiated hNPCs. Furthermore, hNPCs undergo caspase-independent apoptosis when exposed toward high amounts of oxidative stress.ConclusionsHuman neurospheres are likely to imitate basic processes of brain development, and these processes can be modulated by developmental neurotoxicants. Thus, this three-dimensional cell system is a promising approach for DNT testing.
Sociology in Medicine
Authors: Norman Gevitz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In 1955, Robert Straus first suggested a logical division of medical sociology into two categories, the sociology of medicine and sociology<i>in</i>medicine. The first is concerned with studying the organizational structure, role relationships, rituals, and functions of medicine as a system of behavior. The second consists of research involving the integration of concepts, techniques, and personnel from many disciplines where the sociologist is collaborating with the physician in studying a disease process or factors influencing the patient's response to illness. For Straus, sociology in medicine had a strongly applied component, in that the social sciences could be employed to inform and instruct medical professionals in recognizing and responding to the social factors associated with health and disease. This volume, as one would expect, falls into the second category, although at times it enters into a third classification, which can be called sociology<i>and</i>medicine, the chief drawback of the
Bacterial Endocarditis: Valve Replacement in Aortic Insufficiency
Authors: JAMES S. BORGES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 November 1973Bacterial Endocarditis: Valve Replacement in Aortic InsufficiencyJAMES S. BORGES, M.D., RICHARD B. ROBERTS, M.D., F.A.C.P., WARREN D. JOHNSON, M.D., F.A.C.P.JAMES S. BORGES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RICHARD B. ROBERTS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, WARREN D. JOHNSON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-5-757 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptGriffin, Jones, and Cobbs (Ann Intern Med76:23-28, 1972) report a 74% mortality rate in patients with bacterial endocarditis, aortic valve insufficiency, and heart failure who received only medical therapy (1). The patients were divided into three groups: Group 1, no heart failure; group 2, mild heart failure (controlled by digitalis alone); and group 3, moderate to severe heart failure (requiring digitalisanddiuretic therapy). Seven of eight patients withmoderateorsevereheart failure treated medically died, whereas only one of five withsevereheart failure who had aortic valve replacement died. Their conclusion that patients with severe heart...References1. WILSONWILCOXSUGG LBW: Valvar regurgitation in acute infective endocarditis: early replacement. Arch Surg 101:756-759, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. MANHASMOHRIHESSEL DHE: Experience with surgical management of primary infective endocarditis: a collected review of 139 patients. Am Heart J 84:738-747, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine Cornell University Medical College New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTreatment 1 November 1973Volume 79, Issue 5Page: 757-757KeywordsAortic valveAortic valve replacementDeath ratesDiureticsEndocarditisHeartHeart failureValve replacement Issue Published: 1 November 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE PUBLIC SCHOOL AND ITS DEFECTS, IN RELATION TO HEALTH.
Authors: T. S. WATERS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

I will consider this subject under the following three heads: 1, The pathologic effects upon the system and the teeth of young ladies from cramming, crowding and overworking the brain without a proper amount of physical development in the open air to counteract the loss of nervous force. 2, the evil results therefrom, the effect produced upon the future mothers of this great and glorious country. 3, what are we doing as physicians and dentists to counteract this influence, outside of applying remedies to relieve and restore the broken down subject? Should we not as members of the healing art, write and read papers upon this subject, discuss the same that the public through the daily press, may be so impressed that public sentiment will cause a reaction in the matter and the Heads of our educational institutions be made to halt, and modify their system of teaching which has
Tributes to Thomas Chalmers
Authors: Edward J. Huth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 April 1996Tributes to Thomas ChalmersEdward J. Huth, MDEdward J. Huth, MDBryn Mawr, PA 19010-1712Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-7-199604010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Thomas Clark Chalmers was in our world for 78 years. Few men and women in medicine have better spent their time among us for all of us, not just for their own patients. I say “for all of us,” because in time we all become patients. Chalmers pushed more and more physicians to ask themselves again and again, “Why am I prescribing this drug? Why am I recommending this surgery?” We will all benefit from these questions. The obituary for him in The New York Times [1] leads with what he did for The Mount Sinai School ...References1. Fein EB. Dr. Thomas C. Chalmers, a President of Mt. Sinai, dies at 78. The New York Times. 1995 Dec 29; Sect A:A31(cols 1-4). Google Scholar2. Dilliard I, ed. The Spirit of Liberty: Papers and Addresses of Learned Hand. New York: Knopf; 1953:43-4. Google Scholar3. Pickering G. In: Swales J, ed. Platt versus Pickering. London: Keynes Rr; 1985. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bryn Mawr, PA 19010-1712 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCase reports: Expanding clinical awareness of what is humanly possible 1 April 1996Volume 124, Issue 7Page: 696KeywordsAcademic medicineAntigensClinical trialsDrugsForecastingMetabolitesProstate cancerResearch designResearch reporting guidelinesSurgery Issue Published: 1 April 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Formal models of “resource depletion”
Authors: Hilde M. Huizenga, Maurits W. van der Molen, Anika Bexkens, Wery P. M. van den Wildenberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract The opportunity cost model (OCM) aims to explain various phenomena, among which the finding that performance degrades if executive functions are used repeatedly (“resource depletion”). We argue that an OCM account of resource depletion requires two unlikely assumptions, and we discuss an alternative that does not require these assumptions. This alternative model describes the interplay between executive function and motivation.
Cancer drug fund spending varies widely between authorities
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK government has launched its £200m (€226m; $320m) a year fund to pay for expensive anticancer drugs that have not been approved by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) after what it calls a “successful” £50m interim fund that has been operating across England since last October.

Results from a survey of haematologists and oncologists carried out by Roche, however, indicate that some doctors have been unable to access the fund, while others are being put off using it because of the complexity of the application process. Spending on Roche’s anticancer drug bevacizumab has been rising in many strategic health authorities since the fund was made available.

A review of spending across the 10 strategic health authorities also shows that although some have used all of their allocated amounts, others have spent very little and continue to deny access to some drugs.

The chancellor of the exchequer, George Osborne, promised the new funding …
Magnetic resonance imaging during dobutamine stress for detection and localization of coronary artery disease. Quantitative wall motion analysis using a modification of the centerline method.
Authors: F P van Rugge, E E van der Wall, S J Spanjersberg, A de Roos, N A Matheijssen, A H Zwinderman, P R van Dijkman, J H Reiber, A V Bruschke
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Quantitative measurement of wall motion is essential to assess objectively the functional significance of coronary artery disease. We developed a quantitative wall thickening analysis on stress magnetic resonance images. This study was designed to assess the clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during dobutamine stress for detection and localization of myocardial ischemia in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-nine consecutive patients with clinically suspected coronary artery disease referred for coronary arteriography and 10 normal volunteers underwent gradient-echo MRI at rest and during peak dobutamine stress (infusion rate, 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). MRI was performed in the short-axis plane at four adjacent levels. Display in a cine loop provided a qualitative impression of regional wall motion (cine MRI). A modification of the centerline method was applied for quantitative wall motion analysis by means of calculation of percent systolic wall thickening. Short-axis cine MRI images were analyzed at 100 equally spaced chords constructed perpendicular to a centerline drawn midway between the end-diastolic and end-systolic contours. Dobutamine MRI was considered positive for coronary artery disease if the percent systolic wall thickening of more than four adjacent chords was &lt; 2 SD below the mean values obtained from the normal volunteers. The overall sensitivity of dobutamine MRI for the detection of significant coronary artery disease (diameter stenosis &gt; or = 50%) was 91% (30 of 33), specificity was 80% (5 of 6), and accuracy was 90% (35 of 39). The sensitivity for identifying one-vessel disease was 88% (15 of 17), for two-vessel disease 91% (10 of 11), and for three-vessel disease 100% (5 of 5). The sensitivity for detection of individual coronary artery lesions was 75% for the left anterior descending coronary artery, 87% for the right coronary artery, and 63% for the left circumflex coronary artery. CONCLUSIONS Dobutamine MRI clearly identifies wall motion abnormalities by quantitative analysis using a modification of the centerline method. Dobutamine MRI is an accurate method for detection and localization of myocardial ischemia and may emerge as a new noninvasive approach for evaluation of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease.
Mechanism of the apparent parasympathetic inhibition of adenosine induced heart rate slowing in the dog
Authors: F. L BELLONI, I. BROWN, T. H HINTZE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

The inhibitory action of intravenously administered adenosine on the sinoatrial (SA) node is not expressed in the conscious dog in the presence of normal vagal tone. After pharmacological or surgical parasympathetic blockade, however, adenosine exerts a powerful negative chronotropic effect. In order to determine the reason why this action of adenosine is blocked by the intact parasympathetic nervous system, we measured the chronotropic effects of adenosine while applying a constant cholinergic stimulus to the SA node. In conscious dogs during a systemic infusion of acetylcholine at a rate sufficient by itself to inhibit the SA node, intravenous adenosine injections caused further dose dependent reductions in heart rate. In anaesthetised, vagotomised dogs, intravenous adenosine caused similar negative chronotropic effects with or without concomitant electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve. As an example, 5 μmol·kg−1 adenosine reduced heart rate by 22 (SEM 4)% from a baseline heart rate of 172(10) beats·min−1; when heart rate was lowered to 66(1) beats·min−1 by electrical vagal stimulation, this dose of adenosine reduced heart rate by 36(8)%. Propranolol had no effect on these responses. We conclude that there is no direct cholinergic inhibition of the negative chronotropic action of adenosine on the canine SA node but rather that the inhibitory action of systemically administered adenosine on the SA node is simply masked by the withdrawal of vagal tone in response to the arterial hypotension resulting from this mode of adenosine administration.
Education and the Freedom of Man
Authors: Deane W. Malott
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IN CASE you are concerned by the broad scope of my subject, to inaugurate a session devoted to "International Educational Exchange in Medicine," let me assure you that this was the suggestion of your Council's Secretary—not an hallucination of grandeur on my part. Yet I assume the task without trepidation, in this year of 1962, which finds the American people caught up in the fast swirl of mounting problems on every front, when the common man is called upon by his very citizenship to be educated in many a direction, if freedom is to be maintained. To be sure, the medical profession is keeping our nerve-taut bodies alive by ingenious prescriptions of antibiotics and sedatives; yet there is apparently in medical lore no potion to sharpen the mind to sensitivity to our national and international perils. This is the task of general education, apart from all of the specialties which
Transmission of rotavirus gastroenteritis from children to a monkey.
Authors: J D Mitchell, L A Lambeth, L Sosula, A Murphy, M Albrey
Journal: Gut (1977)

A pooled suspension of rotavirus was prepared from the stools of eight children with acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis. The suspension was infused into the duodenum and stomach of an infant monkey (Nemestrina macaque). Biopsy samples of duodenal mucosa were taken at several intervals after inoculation, examined by light and electron microscopy, and assayed for lysosomal activity. Virus-like particles were seen within and around microvilli and intracellularly within vesicles as early as 20 minutes after the infusion. On the fourth and fifth days, large lysosomal bodies containing numerous virus-like particles were found within epithelial cells of the duodenal villi. No such particles were seen in the pre-inoculation sample or at days 16 or 25 after infection. The present study would appear to be the first demonstration of the transmission of this human virus to another species.