tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Syndrome, Prediabetes, and Brain Abnormalities on MRI in Patients With Manifest Arterial Disease: The SMART-MR Study
Authors: Audrey M. Tiehuis, Yolanda van der Graaf, Willem P.T.M. Mali, Koen Vincken, Majon Muller, Mirjam I. Geerlings
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors leading to atherosclerosis and diabetes. Diabetes is associated with both structural and functional abnormalities of the brain. MetS, even before diabetes is diagnosed, may also predispose to cerebral changes, probably through shared mechanisms. We examined the association of MetS with cerebral changes in patients with manifest arterial disease.Cross-sectional data on MetS and brain MRI were available in 1,232 participants with manifest arterial disease (age 58.6 ± 10.1 years; 37% MetS). Volumes of brain tissue, ventricles, and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) were obtained by automated segmentation and expressed relative to intracranial volume. Infarcts were distinguished into lacunar and nonlacunar infarcts.The presence of MetS (n = 451) was associated with smaller brain tissue volume (B -0.72% [95% CI -0.97, -0.47]), even in the subgroup of patients without diabetes (B -0.42% [95% CI -0.71, -0.13]). MetS was not associated with an increased occurrence of WMH or cerebral infarcts. Impaired glucose metabolism, abdominal obesity, and elevated triglycerides were individual components associated with smaller brain volume. Obesity and hypertriglyceridemia remained associated with smaller brain volume when patients with diabetes were excluded. Hypertension was associated with an increased occurrence of WMH and infarcts.In patients with manifest arterial disease, presence of MetS is associated with smaller brain volume, even in patients without diabetes. Screening for MetS and treatment of its individual components, in particular, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and obesity, may prevent progression of cognitive aging in patients with MetS, even in a prediabetic stage.
INCREMENTAL VALUE OF CMR FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIAC INVOLVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH END STAGE RENAL FAILURE AND SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Agata Elena Grasso, Andrew Jabbour, Tevfik Ismail, Simon Gibbs, Saman Zaman, Callum Ettles, Sameer Zaman, Ashwin Krishnamoorthy, Oluwatosin Sotubo, J.D. Gilmore, H.J. Lachmann, J. Pinney, Phillio N. Hawkins, Sanjay K. Prasad, A.D. Wechalekar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Ultrasonic Coagulating and Cutting System Injures Nerve Function
Authors: T. Owaki, S. Nakano, K. Arimura, T. Aikou
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Although, many surgeons have used ultrasonic coagulating and cutting systems and shears (LCS) when carrying out endoscopic thyroidectomies and parathyroidectomies, in our experience some patients had temporary paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) after these operations. We had sometimes noticed that the heat of the blade of the LCS was increased just after use; therefore, we designed an RLN model, and investigated the damage to the RLN which could be attributed to the heat of the LCS.We investigated the effects of the heat of the LCS blade on rat femoral and sciatic nerves, using temperature measurement, histological examination and evoked electromyography.The temperature of the LCS blade exceeded 150 degrees C after 30 seconds when it was not used for cutting. When we used the LCS to cut rat muscle or fat tissue, the temperature of the blade exceeded 100 degrees C after 20 seconds. There was no damage to the nerve histologically when the LCS was used for less than 20 seconds at a distance of 3 mm. Electrophysiological study showed that touching the nerve with the LCS blade after only 5 seconds of use resulted in damage to the nerve.Our results suggest that the RLN should not be touched directly with the blade just after it has been used, and that it is possible to use the LCS at a distance of 3 mm from the RLN for less than 20 seconds at level 3. In order to maintain these distances, the RLN must be endoscopically visualized during surgery of the neck.
A New Device for Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Authors: F. S. Salameh
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

We have encountered a number of difficulties when using the cap method for endoscopic muscosal resection (EMR) procedures. First, we had to use a specially designed crescent snare to perform the prelooping maneuver to place the snare around the inner rim of the cap, which sometimes proved awkward. Secondly, suction of the bleb before closing the snare blocked the view of the site and it was difficult to ensure that the snare wire was closed around the middle part of the mucosal bleb. Thirdly, the size of the resected specimen was limited to the diameter of the cap and if we had used a larger cap we would have lost the advantages gained by using a small-diameter endoscope. Finally, when EMR is performed in the esophagus or colon the cap lies parallel to the mucosa, which makes suction difficult unless the tip of the endoscope is bent by about 90° [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. Faced with these challenges, we designed a new device which consists of a transparent plastic capsule with an oval slit. This is connected to the tip of the endoscope by a rubber sleeve, which allows the capsule to slide over the tip while suction is maintained (Figure [1]). When performing EMR using this device, the endoscope is inserted with the capsule in the backward position until the area of mucosa to be resected is reached. The capsule is then pushed forward with the plastic injection tube and the endoscope is rotated until the slit faces the target area. Saline is then injected and the bleb that has been created will be visible inside the capsule. A regular snare wire is then inserted and after suction is applied the snare is closed around the middle part of the bleb (Figure [2]). The whole of this process can be observed because the bleb does not block the endoscopist’s view during suction. To resect larger specimens we increased the length of the capsule and the slit without increasing the cap diameter. We resected 29 specimens in animal models (pigs) using this technique and when we used a 11 mm × 21 mm capsule the average diameter of the resected specimens was 18 mm. Another advantage of this technique is that the capsule makes it easier to retrieve the resected specimen.
1207 TRIPLE THERAPY WITH DACLATASVIR (DCV; BMS-790052), PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A AND RIBAVIRIN IN HCV-INFECTED PRIOR NULL AND PARTIAL RESPONDERS: 12-WEEK RESULTS OF PHASE 2B COMMAND-2 TRIAL
Authors: V. Ratziu, A. Gadano, S. Pol, C. Hézode, A. Ramji, W. Cheng, M. Sulkowsk, G. Everson, U. Diva, F. McPhee, M. Wind-Rotolo, E.A. Hughes, P.D. Yin, S. Schnittman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
The Glycemic Index: Flogging a Dead Horse?
Authors: Thomas M S Wolever
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

The glycemic index (GI) is a classification of foods based on their blood glucose-raising potential. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has questioned the clinical utility of the GI and recommends that priority should be given to the amount rather than the source of carbohydrate. Some have interpreted this to mean that all carbohydrates have a nearly equal impact on blood sugar, and some feel that the GI is now a dead issue. Nevertheless, the reasons for questioning the clinical utility of the GI are unfounded because of the following: 1) they are based on studies of single test meals, which provide insufficient evidence on which to base dietary recommendations; 2) they are based on a faulty interpretation of the studies actually cited as evidence; 3) they take no account of better designed studies showing that the GI does apply in mixed meals; and 4) they take no account of studies showing that a low-GI diet improves overall blood glucose control in persons with diabetes. The GI is a valid and potentially useful concept, but is also deceptively complex. There are a number of unresolved problems and unanswered questions, and the appropriate place for the GI in patient education is not known. However, progress cannot be made without balance and objectivity.
Muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency. Biochemical and immunological studies of phosphofructokinase isozymes in muscle culture.
Authors: M Davidson, A F Miranda, A N Bender, S DiMauro, S Vora
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Muscle cultures from three unrelated patients with muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK; EC 2.7.1.11) deficiency (Glycogenosis type VII; Tarui disease) had normal PFK activity and normal morphology. Chromatographic and immunological studies showed that normal muscle cultures express all three PFK subunits, M (muscle-type), L (liver-type), and P (platelet-type) and contain multiple homotetrameric and heterotetrameric isozymes. Muscle cultures from patients lack catalytically active M subunit-containing isozymes, but this is compensated for by the presence of P- and L-containing isozymes. Despite the lack of muscle-type PFK activity, presence of immunoreactive M subunit was demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence, suggesting a mutation of the structural gene coding for the M-subunit of PFK.
Modifying the Environment to Reverse Obesity
Authors: James O. Hill, Holly R. Wyatt, John C. Peters
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

There is a growing realization that the changes we have made to our environment over the past several decades have unintentionally facilitated weight gain in the population and contributed to the high rates of obesity currently seen in most countries around the world. Over the centuries, we have shaped our environment to provide us with an increasingly better quality of life, which in part consists of a constant, available, inexpensive food supply and technology to allow us freedom from physical labor. Because the obesity epidemic was an unintended consequence of this shaping of our society in a quest for the “good life,” it likely will be necessary to modify the environment we have created to permanently reduce the prevalence of obesity in the population.
AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD DERIVED SIGNALING PROTEINS (SP) FOR TENDON AND MUSCLE THERAPY IN SPORTS MEDICINE. HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF GROWTH FACTORS (GF) AND CYTOKINES IN ORTHOKINE VS IN ACP
Authors: MP Weisshaar, S Gaji
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Regenerative SP in blood preparations are popular for tendon and muscle injuries [Wehling et al . Biodrugs 2007;21(5):323–332, Nguyen et al . PM&amp;R 2011;(3):226–250, Schippinger et al . JSSM 2011;10:439–444]. They are used for local injection treatment. There is inconsistency in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations (3x–7x platelets, variable other cells content). We compared 2 none-PRP techniques: ORTHOKINE (Oe) for Autologous Conditioned Serum (ACS) and ACP (Ax) for autologous plasma (AP). 9 Blood donors. Oe (10 mL) and Ax (12 mL). Blood processing: Oe: blood incubation in ORTHOKINE device 6 h @ 37°C, centrifugation to collect cell free serum. Ax: slow centrifugation of anticoagulated blood in ARTHREX ACP device to collect platelet containing plasma. Ax and whole blood cell counted. Samples stored at −20°C. ELISAs for SP: R&amp;D Systems Kits. Results: Means: yield Ax: 3.4 mL; Oe: 3.7 mL. Ax: 85% platelet yield. GF: Oe over Ax 1.3x–3.9x. Cytokines: Oe over Ax: 2x–31x. Specifically: IL-1Ra: 5.5x; IL-10: 2x; IL-6: 31x; EGF: 3.9x; VEGF: 2.9x Oe over Ax. Discussion: Oe and Ax are used clinically. Degranulating platelets and other blood cells contribute to blood borne GF and cytokine output. Oe gains from all blood cells. Ax gains from 85% platelets. Oe's high IL-1Ra and GFs explain its profound (anti-inflammatory) action [Wehling et al . Biodrugs 2007;21(5):323–332]. Ax is not PRP, provides less SP than Oe. Muscle and tendon repair with Oe has been shown [Heisterbach et al . KSSTA 2012;10:1907–14, Majewski et al . Am J Sports Med 2009;11:2117–25, Wright-Carpenter et al . Int J Sports Med 2004;25:582–587 &amp; 588–593]. Oe and Ax are used in joint treatment also. Oe has 2 y efficacy in high-pain OA [Baltzer et al . Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009;17(2):152–160]. Autologous blood preparations are safe and, by WADA, not doping. ORTHOKINE ® registered trademark of ORTHOGEN Inc. ARTHREX ® ACP registered Trademark of ARTHREX Inc
Cardiovascular events in users of sildenafil: results from first phase of prescription event monitoring in England
Authors: S. A W Shakir
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Sildenafil is used to treat erectile dysfunction, and prescription on the NHS is restricted. We are conducting a study of prescription event monitoring for sildenafil in England, the first phase of which investigates possible short term effects in a cohort of about 5000 users. In view of the interest in myocardial infarction as a possible short term side effect1 we report on an analysis of selected cardiovascular events reported in the first phase.

Prescription event monitoring has been described elsewhere.2 Patients were identified from NHS prescriptions in England. Simple questionnaires were posted to the prescribing general practitioners about five months after the first prescription. These forms requested reporting of events after the drug had been prescribed. An “event” was any new diagnosis, any reason for referral to a consultant or admission to hospital, unexpected deterioration (or improvement) in a …
Dovetail Patellar Tendon Transfer for Recurrent Dislocating Patella
Authors: Wayne O. Southwick
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Chronic dislocation of the patella, relatively common in female patients, has several causes, including: too lateral patellar tendon insertion, abnormally high patella (patella alta), low lateral condyle of the femur, weak medial portion of the knee capsule, and genu valgum. Transposition of the tendon medially and sometimes distally is an effective corrective measure. The dovetail transfer is performed through a cosmetically desirable transverse incision lying in the cleavage lines (Langer's lines). It leaves the knee joint unviolated. Being inherently stable, it requires no foreign metallic fixation and allows comfortable early active mobilization of the knee.
Fetal Microchimerism and Cancer
Authors: Janet A. Sawicki
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The persistence of fetal stem cells with multilineage potential in women who have been pregnant, a phenomenon known as fetal microchimerism, is emerging as a potential contributing factor in certain diseases, including cancer. For example, fetal microchimerism has been implicated in autoimmune disease, wound healing, and cancer. Studies of this phenomenon may provide a novel perspective on cancer in women, including in breast, ovarian, and lung cancers. [Cancer Res 2008;68(23):9567–9]
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Leslie T. Webster, George L. Fite
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

1. Mice of special strains injected intracerebrally with a 10 per cent emulsion of bacteria-free brain tissue from fatal cases of encephalitis in St. Louis and Kansas City develop a characteristic and fatal encephalitis. 2. Transmission of the disease can be continued indefinitely by injecting the bacteria-free brain tissue from the infected mice into healthy mice. 3. In the injected mice there is a 3 to 4 day incubation period, followed by hyperesthesia, coarse tremors, convulsions, prostration, and death in from 4 to 6 days. 4. The lesions in the mice with experimental encephalitis consist chiefly of perivascular accumulations of mononuclear leucocytes throughout the brain, stem, cord, and the pia, and destruction of pyramidal cells in the lobus piriformis and cornu Ammonis. 5. The human encephalitis brain tissue preserved in glycerine from the time of death of the patient apparently loses its infectivity for mice in about 32 days.
The LXXLL motif of murine forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 mediates Sirt1-dependent transcriptional activity
Authors: J. Nakae
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

The forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 has been identified as a negative regulator of insulin/IGF-1 signaling. Its function is inhibited by phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion through a PI3K-dependent pathway. However, the structure/function relationship of FoxO1 has not been elucidated completely. In this study, we carried out mutation analysis of the FoxO1 coactivator-interacting LXXLL motif (amino acids 459-463). Expression of a 3A/LXXAA mutant, in which 3 Akt phosphorylation sites (T24, S253, and S316) and 2 leucine residues in the LXXLL motif (L462 and L463) were replaced by alanine, decreased both Igfbp-1 and G6Pase promoter activity and endogenous Igfbp-1 and G6Pase gene expression in simian virus 40-transformed (SV40-transformed) hepatocytes. Importantly, mutagenesis of the LXXLL motif eliminated FoxO1 interaction with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent (NAD-dependent) deacetylase sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), sustained the acetylated state of FoxO1, and made FoxO1 nicotinamide and resveratrol insensitive, supporting a role for this motif in Sirt1 binding. Furthermore, intravenous administration of adenovirus encoding 3A/LXXAA FoxO1 into Lepr db/db mice decreased fasting blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance and was accompanied by reduced G6Pase and Igfbp-1 gene expression and increased hepatic glycogen content. In conclusion, the LXXLL motif of FoxO1 may have an important role for its transcriptional activity and Sirt1 binding and should be a target site for regulation of gene expression of FoxO1 target genes and glucose metabolism in vivo.
Three-Dimensional Printing of the Skin
Authors: Haitham Algzlan, Sowmya Varada
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Upper-Quadrant Bruit Due to Tortuous Splenic Artery
Authors: Cheves McC. Smythe, Donald B. Gibson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE practical considerations that improvements in available diagnostic technics and in vascular surgery allow the identification and cure of hypertension secondary to renal-artery stenosis demand that physicians be constantly aware of the possibility of this lesion in the evaluation of all hypertensive patients.1 , 2 Although many ingenious procedures for the precise identification of the ischemic kidney have been developed physical examination should retain its important place in the screening of hypertensive patients for renal arterial disease. The presence of a bruit over a kidney has been established as a significant finding in the search for renal-artery stenosis.3 , 4 All hypertensive patients should . . .
Farm residence and exposures and the risk of allergic diseases in New Zealand children
Authors: K. Wickens, J.M. Lane, P. Fitzharris, R. Siebers, G. Riley, J. Douwes, T. Smith, J. Crane
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Studies in Europe have reported a reduced prevalence of allergy in farmers' children. We aimed to determine if there is a similar reduction in allergy among New Zealand farm children.Two hundred and ninety-three children participated (60%) aged 7-10 years, from selected schools in small towns and the surrounding rural area. Skin prick tests (SPT) to eight common allergens were performed. Parents completed questionnaires about allergic and infectious diseases, place of residence, exposure to animals, and diet, and they provided dust from the living-room floor. Endotoxin was measured using an Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay and Der p 1 using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).Current farm abode was found to increase the risk of having symptoms associated with allergy, but not SPT positivity. Independent inverse associations were found for early-life exposures: at least weekly consumption of yoghurt with hayfever (odds ratio (OR) = 0.3, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.1-0.7) and allergic rhinitis (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.7); any unpasteurized milk consumption with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) (OR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.8); cats inside or outside with hayfever (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.1-1.0) and AEDS (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.8); dogs inside or outside with asthma (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.8); and pigs with SPT positivity (OR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.9).Despite finding a protective effect of early-life animal exposures, we found a greater prevalence of allergic disease on farms.
Top health administrators to lose jobs
Authors: J Warden
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Department of Health in London and the NHS Executive in Leeds are to shed 700 civil servants by March 1997, it was announced last week. The cuts, amounting to one in five posts, are a consequence both of restructuring and a purge of civil service jobs driven by the chancellor of the exchequer, Kenneth Clarke. Other Whitehall departments are making similar cuts.

The rundown in the …
Texan clinic threatens UK bloggers with legal action over criticisms of its treatments
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Traumatic pneumothoraces are a common consequence of major trauma. Despite this, there is a paucity of literature regarding their optimal management, including the role of conservative treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the treatment, complications and outcomes of traumatic pneumothoraces in patients presenting to a Major Trauma Centre. <h3>Methods</h3> The prospectively collected Trauma Audit : and Research Network (TARN) database was used to identify all patients presenting with traumatic pneumothoraces to a UK Major Trauma Centre from April 2012 to December 2016. Demographics, mechanism of injury, injury severity score (ISS), management and outcomes were analysed. <h3>Results</h3> 602 patients were included in study period. Mean age 48 (SD 22) with 73% male. Mean ISS was 26 and inpatient mortality 9%. Of the 602 traumatic pneumothoraces, 277/602 (46%) were initially treated conservatively. 252/277 (90%) of this cohort did not require subsequent chest tube insertion, including the majority, 56/62 (90%), of patients on admission positive pressure ventilation (PPV). Hazard ratio for failure of conservative management showed no difference between the ventilated and non-ventilated patients (HR 1.1 p 0.84). Only the presence of large hemothorax was associated with increased likelihood of failure of conservative management. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In the largest observational study of traumatic pneumothoraces published to date, over 90% of patients whose pneumothorax was managed conservatively never required subsequent tube drainage. Importantly, this also applies to patients requiring PPV, with no significant increased risk of failure of expectant management. This data supports a role for conservative management in traumatic pneumothoraces.