tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Rimonabant on Metabolic Risk Factors in Overweight Patients with Dyslipidemia
Authors: Jean-Pierre Després, Alain Golay, Lars Sjöström
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Rimonabant, a selective cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1) blocker, has been shown to reduce body weight and improve cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients. The Rimonabant in Obesity-Lipids (RIO-Lipids) study examined the effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors, including adiponectin levels, in high-risk patients who are overweight or obese and have dyslipidemia.We randomly assigned 1036 overweight or obese patients (body-mass index [the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters], 27 to 40) with untreated dyslipidemia (triglyceride levels >1.69 to 7.90 mmol per liter, or a ratio of cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol of >4.5 among women and >5 among men) to double-blinded therapy with either placebo or rimonabant at a dose of 5 mg or 20 mg daily for 12 months in addition to a hypocaloric diet.The rates of completion of the study were 62.6 percent, 60.3 percent, and 63.9 percent in the placebo group, the group receiving 5 mg of rimonabant, and the group receiving 20 mg of rimonabant, respectively. The most frequent adverse events resulting in discontinuation of the drug were depression, anxiety, and nausea. As compared with placebo, rimonabant at a dose of 20 mg was associated with a significant (P<0.001) mean weight loss (repeated-measures method, -6.7+/-0.5 kg, and last-observation-carried-forward analyses, -5.4+/-0.4 kg), reduction in waist circumference (repeated-measures method, -5.8+/-0.5 cm, and last-observation-carried-forward analyses, -4.7+/-0.5 cm), increase in HDL cholesterol (repeated-measures method, +10.0+/-1.6 percent, and last-observation-carried-forward analyses, +8.1+/-1.5 percent), and reduction in triglycerides (repeated-measures method, -13.0+/-3.5 percent, and last-observation-carried-forward analyses, -12.4+/-3.2 percent). Rimonabant at a dose of 20 mg also resulted in an increase in plasma adiponectin levels (repeated-measures method, 57.7 percent, and last-observation-carried-forward analyses, 46.2 percent; P<0.001), for a change that was partly independent of weight loss alone.Selective CB1-receptor blockade with rimonabant significantly reduces body weight and waist circumference and improves the profile of several metabolic risk factors in high-risk patients who are overweight or obese and have an atherogenic dyslipidemia.
Nasal obstruction in healthy neonates.
Authors: T A Mugliston, D B Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A propos de 2 observations. Les nouveau-nes doivent d'abord respirer par le nez; si les voies nasales sont obstruees par la congestion des muqueuses ou par des secretions des troubles importants en decoulent; tentatives de traitement par insertion de catheters, application de decongestionnements, dilatation etc., jusqu'a ce que le nourrisson soit capable de respirer aussi par la bouche
Patterns of Local and Nodal Failure in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma After Extrapleural Pneumonectomy and Photon-Electron Radiotherapy
Authors: Vishal Gupta, Lee M. Krug, Benjamin Laser, Kiran Hudka, Raja Flores, Valerie W. Rusch, Kenneth E. Rosenzweig
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Evidence-Based Nutrition Principles and Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes and Related Complications
Authors: Marion J. Franz, John P. Bantle, Christine A. Beebe, John D. Brunzell, Jean-Louis Chiasson, Abhimanyu Garg, Lea Ann Holzmeister, Byron Hoogwerf, Elizabeth Mayer-Davis, Arshag D. Mooradian, Jonathan Q. Purnell, Madelyn Wheeler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Historically, nutrition principles and recommendations for diabetes and related complications have been based on scientific evidence and diabetes knowledge when available and, when evidence was not available, on clinical experience and expert consensus. Often it has been difficult to discern the level of evidence used to construct the nutrition principles and recommendations. Furthermore, in clinical practice, many nutrition recommendations that have no scientific supporting evidence have been and are still being given to individuals with diabetes. To address these problems and to incorporate the research done in the past 8 years, this 2002 technical review provides principles and recommendations classified according to the level of evidence available. It reviews the evidence from randomized, controlled trials; cohort and case-controlled studies; and observational studies, which can also provide valuable evidence (1,2), and takes into account the number of studies that have provided consistent outcomes of support. In this review, nutrition principles are graded into four categories based on the available evidence: those with strong supporting evidence, those with some supporting evidence, those with limited supporting evidence and those based on expert consensus.

Evidence-based nutrition recommendations attempt to translate research data and clinically applicable evidence into nutrition care. However, the best available evidence must still be moderated by individual circumstances and preferences. The goal of evidence-based recommendations is to improve the quality of clinical judgments and facilitate cost-effective care by increasing the awareness of clinicians and patients with diabetes of the evidence supporting nutrition services and the strength of that evidence, both in quality and quantity.

Before 1994, the American Diabetes Association’s (ADA’s) nutrition principles and recommendations attempted to define an “ideal” nutrition prescription that would apply to everyone with diabetes (3,4,5). Although individualization was a major principle of all recommendations, it was usually done within defined …
Entry of parainfluenza virus into cells as a target for interrupting childhood respiratory disease
Authors: A. Moscona
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Human parainfluenza viruses cause several serious respiratory diseases in children for which there is no effective prevention or therapy. Parainfluenza viruses initiate infection by binding to cell surface receptors and then, via coordinated action of the 2 viral surface glycoproteins, fuse directly with the cell membrane to release the viral replication machinery into the host cell's cytoplasm. During this process, the receptor-binding molecule must trigger the viral fusion protein to mediate fusion and entry of the virus into a cell. This review explores the binding and entry into cells of parainfluenza virus type 3, focusing on how the receptor-binding molecule triggers the fusion process. There are several steps during the process of binding, triggering, and fusion that are now understood at the molecular level, and each of these steps represents potential targets for interrupting infection.
Autopsy findings in early and late post operative death of partial left ventriculectomy
Authors: P.M. Cury, M. de L. Higuchi, P.S. Gutierrez, L. Felipe, P. Moreira, E.A. Bocchi, N. Stolf, G. Bellotti, A.D. Jatene
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Epidemiology of heart failure in a community‐based study of subjects aged ≥57 years: Incidence and long‐term survival
Authors: Cornelia H.M. van Jaarsveld, Adelita V. Ranchor, Gertrudis I.J.M. Kempen, James C. Coyne, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Robbert Sanderman
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
THE RELATIONSHIP OF ACNE AND HYPERTRICHOSIS
Authors: E. LIPMAN COHEN.
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1945)

Journal Article THE RELATIONSHIP OF ACNE AND HYPERTRICHOSIS E. LIPMAN COHEN. E. LIPMAN COHEN. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 57, Issue 5-6, 1 May 1945, Pages 102–106, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1945.tb11210.x Published: 01 May 1945
CD57 defines a functionally distinct population of mature NK cells in the human CD56dimCD16+ NK-cell subset
Authors: Sandra Lopez-Vergès, Jeffrey M. Milush, Suchitra Pandey, Vanessa A. York, Janice Arakawa-Hoyt, Hanspeter Pircher, Philip J. Norris, Douglas F. Nixon, Lewis L. Lanier
Journal: Blood (2010)
Fibroblasts Isolated from Common Sites of Breast Cancer Metastasis Enhance Cancer Cell Growth Rates and Invasiveness in an Interleukin-6–Dependent Manner
Authors: Adam W. Studebaker, Gianluca Storci, Jillian L. Werbeck, Pasquale Sansone, A. Kate Sasser, Simona Tavolari, Tim Huang, Michael W.Y. Chan, Frank C. Marini, Thomas J. Rosol, Massimiliano Bonafé, Brett M. Hall
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Common sites of breast cancer metastasis include the lung, liver, and bone, and of these secondary metastatic sites, estrogen receptor α (ERα)–positive breast cancer often favors bone. Within secondary organs, cancer cells would predictably encounter tissue-specific fibroblasts or their soluble factors, yet our understanding of how tissue-specific fibroblasts directly affect cancer cell growth rates and survival remains largely unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that mesenchymal fibroblasts isolated from common sites of breast cancer metastasis provide a more favorable microenvironment with respect to tumor growth rates. We found a direct correlation between the ability of breast, lung, and bone fibroblasts to enhance ERα-positive breast cancer cell growth and the level of soluble interleukin-6 (IL-6) produced by each organ-specific fibroblast, and fibroblast-mediated growth enhancement was inhibited by the removal or inhibition of IL-6. Interestingly, mice coinjected with MCF-7 breast tumor cells and senescent skin fibroblasts, which secrete IL-6, developed tumors, whereas mice coinjected with presenescent skin fibroblasts that produce little to no IL-6 failed to form xenograft tumors. We subsequently determined that IL-6 promoted growth and invasion of breast cancer cells through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3–dependent up-regulation of Notch-3, Jagged-1, and carbonic anhydrase IX. These data suggest that tissue-specific fibroblasts and the factors they produce can promote breast cancer disease progression and may represent attractive targets for development of new therapeutics. [Cancer Res 2008;68(21):9087–95]
Histone deacetylase inhibition regulates inflammation and enhances Tregs after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in humans
Authors: Sung Won Choi, Erin Gatza, Guoqing Hou, Yaping Sun, Joel Whitfield, Yeohan Song, Katherine Oravecz-Wilson, Isao Tawara, Charles A. Dinarello, Pavan Reddy
Journal: Blood (2014)
452 HIGH MORTALITY, DIMINISHED ACUTE-PHASE-REACTION AND ENHANCED FIBROSIS DEVELOPMENT IN HEPATOCYTE SPECIFIC C-MET AND C-MET/GP130 DEFICIENT MICE AFTER BILE-DUCT-LIGATION
Authors: A. Giebeler, Ch. Klein, N. Gassler, M. Borowiak, C. Birchmeier, Ch. Trautwein, K.L. Streetz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Endothelin in Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction and Early Atherosclerosis in Humans
Authors: Amir Lerman, David R. Holmes, Malcolm R. Bell, Kirk N. Garratt, Rick A. Nishimura, John C. Burnett
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The endothelium modulates vascular tone through release of vasodilating substances, such as endothelium-derived relaxing factors, and vasoconstricting substances, such as endothelin. Endothelin concentrations are elevated in humans with atherosclerosis and in hypercholesterolemic pigs. Furthermore, the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine increases endothelin in hypercholesterolemia in association with coronary vasoconstriction. The present study was designed to test the hypotheses that coronary endothelial dysfunction in humans is characterized by enhanced coronary and circulating endothelin and that the vasoconstriction associated with acetylcholine results in further release of coronary endothelin. Methods and Results Coronary and circulating endothelin concentrations were measured at baseline and during intracoronary acetylcholine administration in 20 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of their response to intracoronary acetylcholine. Group 1 (n=7) demonstrated a normal vasodilatory response, but group 2 (n=13) demonstrated coronary vasoconstriction. Baseline coronary and circulating endothelin concentrations (as determined by coronary sinus and femoral artery measurements, respectively) were higher in patients who responded to acetylcholine with coronary vasoconstriction (group 2) than in group 1 patients (coronary sinus, 15.9±1.0 pg/mL versus 7.1±1.0 pg/mL; femoral, 14.1±0.9 pg/mL versus 6.8±1.0 pg/mL, respectively; P &lt;.01). In response to intracoronary acetylcholine, a further increase in coronary endothelin was observed only in group 2; this increase correlated with changes in coronary artery diameter. Conclusions This study demonstrates that endothelin immunoreactivity is enhanced in the coronary and systemic circulation in humans with coronary endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, acetylcholine further increased coronary endothelin concentration in patients with coronary endothelial dysfunction and was associated with coronary vasoconstriction. These observations strongly support a role for endothelin as an early participant in and marker for coronary endothelial dysfunction in humans.
Press: New Labour, new matrons
Authors: J. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2001)

At last, the government has revealed its secret plan to transform the NHS, make hospital wards sparkle, and ensure everyone eats up their greens, like it or not. After an absence of more than 30 years, matron is restarching her white hat ready to make a comeback.

Having regularly blamed almost every ill that has since afflicted the NHS on her disappearance, the media's response to the news was predictably suffused with triumphant excitement. “Back after 30 years to end the shame of shoddy care and dirty wards,” exclaimed the Daily Mail . “Matron back on patrol—and she may be a man,” the Times informed its readers. According to the Daily Telegraph , matron was being resurrected to “rule NHS wards.” …
Adherence to advance directives: Quality of life matters
Authors: M. H Yardley
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—I am disturbed by the implication that a sizeable minority of the participants in the study by Thompson et al would disregard an advance directive.1 Surely the reason for prescribing active treatment in the scenario presented is that there is some doubt about whether the conditions covered by the directive apply.

Decisions such as this are likely to be presented to doctors with increasing frequency, often in an emergency context in which the decision has to be made without previous knowledge of the patient. In this situation the family, particularly those in regular contact, may be very helpful in interpreting the patient's wishes, although it must be borne in mind that relatives may have their own financial or emotional agenda.

The decision might lie with a doctor who knows the patient well and who may even have countersigned the advance directive. In such a case his or her knowledge will guide the decision making. However, with an eight year interval and a move to a nursing home, together with increased mobility among general practitioners, this is unlikely. This is a grey area, entry to which none can relish but which must be faced.

A secondary issue is how much influence antibiotic administration has on the outcome of pneumonia in elderly patients. The scenario shows that it is considerable: my experience over 30 years shows otherwise.
Systemic candidiasis in heroin addicts.
Authors: R J Hay
Journal: BMJ (1986)

pathy."In other cases transplantation has been avoided by accurate diagnosis and successful treatment with steroids.Much remains to be learnt about sarcoidosis, and its effects on the heart are no exception.We do now know a great deal more about sarcoid ofthe heart and its behaviour, but further study is essential.We would be very pleased to hear of additional cases to include in our study.
Hepatocyte growth factor stimulates synthesis of lipids and secretion of lipoproteins in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Masaki Kaibori, A-H. Kwon, Michio Oda, Yasuo Kamiyama, Naomi Kitamura, Tadayoshi Okumura
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

We have reported that infusion of recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (rhHGF) stimulates liver regeneration after hepatectomy in cirrhotic rats and increases the level of serum lipids and secretion of very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Studies were now performed to determine whether rhHGF directly influences lipid synthesis and its secretion in cultured rat hepatocytes. Isolated cells were cultured in the presence or absence of rhHGF (20 ng/mL) for 2 days. During the first 12 hours, rhHGF transiently inhibited the release of lipids (triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, and phospholipids), but stimulated their releases with maximal levels achieved at 36 hours. [ 3 H]-glycerol experiment with the transcriptional and translational inhibitors revealed that rhHGF stimulated de novo synthesis of lipids by affecting activities of lipid metabolic gene. [ 35 S]-Methionine experiment also revealed de novo synthesis of apolipoprotein B by rhHGF. Furthermore, lipid analysis of lipoprotein fractions in the conditioned medium showed that rhHGF enhanced levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, and phospholipids by 50% to 200% in both VLDL and low-density lipoproteins (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blocked the secretion of VLDL, as well as synthesis of lipids and apolipoprotein B stimulated by rhHGF. These results indicate that HGF likely stimulates lipid biosynthesis and lipoprotein secretion in hepatocytes through its tyrosine kinase-associated receptor, c-met , and accelerates the progress of cell maturation in liver regeneration.
Abstract 2621: Telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) predicts for leukopenia, neutropenia and mucositis in colorectal cancer patients treated with 5FU
Authors: Jennette A. Sakoff, Madhu B. Garg, Kim Adler, Fiona E. Scorgie, Lisa F. Lincz, Stephen P. Ackland
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Defining the parameters contributing to variability in clinical toxicity is necessary to optimise cancer treatment. Some variability is accounted for by variations in 5FU pharmacokinetics, differences in co-morbidity (liver &amp; renal), pre-disposing factors (gender &amp; age). But a considerable amount remains unexplained. This study aims to identify various factors contributing to such toxicity in colorectal cancer patients receiving 5FU. The variables chosen for study include those that control 5FU metabolism including measures of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity which is critical for 5FU catabolism, together with polymorphic analysis of thymidylate synthase (TS), methyltetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase (MS) activity. The addition of pharmacodymamics and the ability of end-organs to respond to drug treatment further refined the predictive model, particularly the ability to identify those patients most likely to experience severe myelosuppression in response to chemotherapy. In this regard, the replicative capacity of bone marrow progenitors was determined by measuring telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). Clinical toxicity was determined in 42 colorectal patients receiving 5FU. Toxicity (≥ grade 2) included neutropenia (n=25), leukopenia (n=14), mucositis (n=19) and diarrhea (n=5). While the severity of toxicity significantly correlated with the magnitude of the insult, ie 5FU dose, the analysis also showed that toxicity significantly correlated with TL, with short telomeres predicting for higher toxicity. Univariate analysis showed TL significantly correlated with leukopenia (r=-0.461, P=0.009), neutropenia (r=-0.413, P=0.021) and mucositis (r=-0.341, P=0.048). Multivariate analysis further confirmed the significant role of TL in these clinical toxicities. Collectively, these results support the link between TL and progenitor replicative capacity. In conclusion, PBMNC TL may be exploited to tailor chemotherapy schedules for colorectal cancer patients receiving 5FU. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2621.
THE ELIMINATION OF CHLORIDS IN NEPHRITIS.
Authors: JOSEPH L. MILLER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Widal and Javal<sup>1</sup>recently called attention to the inability of many nephritics to eliminate sodium chlorid in a normal manner. The salt retained in the tissues required a certain amount of water to maintain it in the proper molecular concentration, thus leading to edema; they offer this as the probable cause of dropsy in nephritis. This chlorid retention was found chiefly in acute and chronic parenchymatous nephritis, and especially in patients who were edematous. This retention was not found in the interstitial form, and we know that when edema develops in these cases it is usually of cardiac origin. They, furthermore, decided that the impermeability of the kidney to urea and salts did not necessarily go hand in hand, as in the terminal period of Bright's disease there may be marked retention of chlorids, but none of urea, phosphates or sulphates. They report a case of uremia, with daily
PHARMACEUTIC CHEMISTRY, PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACO-PHYSICS THE NATURAL STEPPING-STONES TO SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE.
Authors: ALFRED R. L. DOHME
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Before entering upon a discussion of the subjects embraced by all the above caption, it might not be out of place to make clear what the exact meaning of the terminology that will come up for consideration is. Some little confusion has arisen recently, because of the double use of the word pharmacology, and the dictionaries do not help us out in the matter. They define pharmacology as the study of drugs both as to their recognition, properties and therapy. In other words, it is a general term for the study of drugs and their therapy, or a combination of pharmacy, the science of compounding drugs, with materia medica, the description of drugs and their medicinal effect. This is in accordance with the derivation of the word, which is made up of the Greek words,<i>pharmakon and logos</i>, meaning a discourse on or a study of drugs. However, the word
A new puzzle for the evolution of speech?
Authors: Christian Abry, Louis-Jean Boë, Rafael Laboissière, Jean-Luc Schwartz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

We agree with MacNeilage's claim that speech stems from a volitional vocalization pathway between the cingulate and the supplementary motor area (SMA). We add the vocal self- monitoring system as the first recruitment of the Broca-Wernicke circuit. SMA control for “frames” is supported by wrong consonant-vowel recurring utterance aphasia and an imaging study of quasi-reiterant speech. The role of Broca's area is questioned in the emergence of “content,” because a primary motor mapping, embodying peripheral constraints, seems sufficient. Finally, we reject a uniquely peripheral account of speech emergence.