tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sterilization of Endoscopic Instruments
Authors: Soeren Mattke
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nuclear Medicine in the Evaluation of the Patient With Jaundice
Authors: Hirsch Handmaker
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE DEVELOPMENT of radiopharmaceuticals that localize within the hepatobiliary system has facilitated evaluation of many difficult clinical problems, particularly differentiation between surgical and medical jaundice. In 1909, Abel and Rountree found that certain phenolphthalein dyes were excreted almost exclusively by the biliary system, and developed a clinical test of liver function based on measurement of fecal excretion of the dye. Sulfobromophthalein was later found to be superior to the other dyes for hepatic-clearance study, and in 1923 rose bengal was introduced by Delprat as a possible alternative. With use of fluorescent techniques, Mendeloff showed that stable rose bengal concentrated only in the polygonal cells and not in the reticuloendothelial cells. This knowledge led to Taplin's labeling of rose bengal with iodine 131, and permitted detection and imaging of the labeled dye as it was cleared from the blood, localized in the hepatocytes, and excreted into the bile en route to
Limited efficacy and tolerance of imatinib mesylate in steroid-refractory sclerodermatous chronic GVHD
Authors: Adèle de Masson, Jean-David Bouaziz, Régis Peffault de Latour, Sebastian Wittnebel, Patricia Ribaud, Marie-Thérèse Rubio, Jean-Baptiste Micol, Felipe Suarez, Stéphanie Nguyen, Jean-Hugues Dalle, Karima Yakouben, Marie Robin, Aliénor Xhaard, Lionel Adès, Jean-Henri Bourhis, Michel Rybojad, Martine Bagot, Gérard Socié
Journal: Blood (2012)
Relative iron deficiency in hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: A. Zanella, G. Barosi, A. Berzuini, M. B. Colombo, S. Quaglini, D. Volpes, G. Sirchia
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Seventy‐three patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) (58 nonsplenectomized, 15 splenectomized) were studied to evaluate iron status and the adequacy of iron availability for erythropoiesis. Splenectomized patients, who had hemoglobin levels in the normal or upper normal range, had higher levels of serum iron, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin than normal matched controls and normal zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) levels. On the contrary, nonsplenectomized patients presenting with mild to severe anemia had higher red cell ZnPP concentrations than both splenectomized subjects and matched normal controls. ZnPP in nonsplenectomized patients correlated inversely with Hb concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean red cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), transferrin saturation, and serum iron, and directly with reticulocyte count. At multiple regression analysis only Hb concentration was a significant explanatory variable for high ZnPP. The authors conclude that a number of nonsplenectomized HS patients have relative iron deficiency primarily because of expansion of erythropoiesis caused by anemia.
Meta-analysis of Prevention of Nonvertebral Fractures by Alendronate
Authors: Michael Prostko
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —As Dr Karpfand colleagues1demonstrate, alendronate use is associated with a reduced rate of nonvertebral osteoporotic fractures in selected populations. The relative risk and confidence intervals are impressive but are not adequate to formulate clinical decisions. Practicing clinicians should be hesitant to translate the study data directly to the prescription pad.  The number needed to treat (NNT),2by its inverse relationship with absolute risk, has a much broader perspective on an intervention's effectiveness and provides an effort-yield ratio that a practicing clinician can use. It is a measure of how many people should receive an intervention to achieve the desired clinical end point in 1 person.  From the alendronate data, the estimated cumulative incidence of nonvertebral fractures after 3 years was 12.6% in the control group and 9.0% in the alendronate group. From this the absolute risk reduction can be calculated to be 3.6%, and its inverse, the
Congenital Cholesteatoma of the Middle Ear
Authors: Bruno Sergi, AnnaRita Fetoni
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 9-year-old boy was referred to an otolaryngologist for subjective right-sided hearing loss. A hearing test revealed mild conductive hearing loss at low and middle frequencies. Otoendoscopy showed a mass with the appearance of a small white pearl (arrow) behind the right eardrum and in contact with the malleus. On the basis of the clinical findings, congenital cholesteatoma was diagnosed. Cholesteatomas are abnormal collections of squamous epithelium and keratin debris that usually involve the middle ear and mastoid. Only about 2 to 4% of cholesteatomas are congenital; they are characterized by a white mass behind an intact eardrum in a . . .
GROWTH OF THE CEMENTUM.
Authors: R. R. ANDREWS
Journal: JAMA (1891)

In the year 1858 Magitot, a French histologist, claims to have found within the follicle of a developing tooth a special organ for the development of the cementum. In 1861 Robin and Magitot made a presentation of the same facts anew. With the exception of these authors, I am not aware that any other authority has recognized the presence of this special organ; while such men as Kolliker, Waldyer, Herz and others have formerly denied its existence. In my own investigations I have not been able to trace it with certainty, although there are appearances in a fully formed follicle of a tissue under the calcifying dentine germ between it and the outer covering of the sacculus that might admit of the supposition of the existence of sũch an organ. I have noticed this appearance in sections from embryos from the pig and the calf. At a later stage, where
Hemodynamic Monitoring in a Coronary Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Henry S. Loeb
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book intends to update certain concepts and procedures used in coronary care units. It is mainly directed toward the cardiac patient, particularly those with complications of acute myocardial infarction. The authors rely heavily on their vast experience obtained in the Myocardial Infarction Research Unit at the University of Alabama. Many of the chapters thus are excellent summaries of previously published data and as such would be useful to students, house staff, and nursing personnel working in coronary care units. The first several chapters, which deal with technical aspects of physiological monitoring, are particularly helpful and can serve as a guide to those who might be attempting to institute similar procedures in their own hospitals. The figures in these chapters are also helpful; however, an additional figure or diagram showing the essential anatomic landmarks and proper direction of needle insertion would have improved the discussion about the various percutaneous techniques
Etiology of the Obstructive Pattern in Hepatobiliary Imaging
Authors: KEVIN S. HUGHES, ALBERT G. MARRANGONI, ELLIOTT TURBINER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The records of all patients undergoing hepatobiliary imaging at our hospital from January 1980 to March 1983 were reviewed and 29 scans met the criteria for a pattern consistent with complete biliary tract obstruction. Biliary tract obstruction (due to choledocholithiasis, primary or secondary carcinoma involving the common bile duct, and pancreatitis) was documented in 24 of these patients. However, the remaining five patients had a patent common bile duct, and the etiologic factor was intrahepatic cholestasis secondary to sepsis in four and peritonitis in one. A classification of altered biliary dynamics in hepatobiliary imaging, which is based on the classification of jaundice, is proposed.
Effect of pre-diabetes on future risk of stroke: meta-analysis
Authors: M. Lee, J. L. Saver, K.-S. Hong, S. Song, K.-H. Chang, B. Ovbiagele
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objectives</b> To assess the association between pre-diabetes and risk of stroke, and to evaluate whether this relation varies by diagnostic criteria for pre-diabetes. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. <b>Data sources</b> A search of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (1947 to 16 July 2011) was supplemented by manual searches of bibliographies of key retrieved articles and relevant reviews. <b>Selection criteria</b> Prospective cohort studies that reported multivariate adjusted relative risks and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for stroke with respect to baseline pre-diabetes were included. <b>Data extraction</b> Two independent reviewers extracted data on pre-diabetes status at baseline, risk estimates of stroke, study quality, and methods used to assess pre-diabetes and stroke. Relative risks were pooled using random effects models when appropriate. Associations were tested in subgroups representing different characteristics of participants and studies. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plots. <b>Results</b> The search yielded 15 prospective cohort studies including 760 925 participants. In 8 studies analysing pre-diabetes defined as fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dL (5.6-6.9 mmol/L), the random effects summary estimate did not show an increased risk of stroke after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors (1.08, 95% confidence interval 0.94 to 1.23; P=0.26). In 5 studies analysing pre-diabetes defined as fasting glucose 110-125 mg/dL (6.1-6.9 mmol/L), the random effects summary estimate showed an increased risk of stroke after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors (1.21, 1.02 to 1.44; P=0.03). In 8 studies with information about impaired glucose tolerance or combined impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose, the random effects summary estimate showed an increased risk of stroke after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors (1.26, 1.10 to 1.43; P&lt;0.001). When studies that might have enrolled patients with undiagnosed diabetes were excluded, only impaired glucose tolerance or a combination of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance independently raised the future risk of stroke (1.20, 1.07 to 1.35; P=0.002). <b>Conclusion</b> Pre-diabetes, defined as impaired glucose tolerance or a combination of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, may be associated with a higher future risk of stroke, but the relative risks are modest and may reflect underlying confounding.
Historical importance of outpatients.
Authors: I S Loudon
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Some type of sporadic outpatient care has probably been a feature of hospitals for as long as they have existed. Sir George Clark, however, has suggested that outpatient departments as we know them today originated in the mid-seventeenth century when, at the Hotel Dieu in Paris, Six physicians were detailed for regular sessions on Wednesdays and Saturdays, advising the poor individually and consulting together when necessary . . . it was an innovation in that it did something for sufferers who would not have come into the hospital wards. It inaugurated the idea of the outpatient clinic.' The Paris innovation led directly to the dispensary of the Royal College of Physicians, which was opened in 1696 and closed again in 1725.' Apart from the Westminster dispensary (1715) no more were founded in London until the successful Aldersgate dispensary was opened in 1770.3 The concept of outpatient care, which started slowly, ultimately led to the widespread development of two types of institutions that at first were closely related-the dispensaries and the outpatient departments of the voluntary hospitals. Both institutions provided care on a charitable basis for the poor outside the hospital wards, and outpatients, like inpatients, needed a subscriber's letter of recommendation to show that they were proper objects of charity. Originally this rule was strictly enforced, but there were a few institutions where no recommendation was required-the Royal Free Hospital (hence its name) being the best known.4 The scale on which outpatient care was provided at voluntary hospitals was until the middle of the nineteenth century so small that it was really more of a token charitable gesture than an attempt to provide a comprehensive service for the poor outside hospitals. Then, during 1835-50 outpatient attendances began to increase much faster than inpatient admissions and the numbers continued to rise until around the beginning of this century. This paper is concerned with this sudden rise in numbers and with the effect it had on the development of clinical medicine in Britain.
Abstract 4415: Differential effects of biochanin A on cell proliferation and ROS-dependent pathways in estrogen receptor positive and HER-2 positive breast cancer cells.
Authors: Lindsy Dickerson, Vikas Sehdev, Pamela L. Crowell, James C.K. Lai, Alok Bhushan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The naturally occurring isoflavone biochanin A has been reported to have chemo-preventative properties towards cancer. Biochanin A exhibits antioxidant properties. Because of its antioxidant properties, biochanin A may be used to target breast cancer cells with high intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we investigated the effects of biochanin A on two cell lines — an estrogen receptor (ER) positive and a HER-2 positive breast cancer cell line. Biochanin A is implicated to affect both hormonal receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. Overstimulation of ER is a basis for tumor progression due to the disruption of the cell cycle and apoptosis in estrogen positive breast cancer cells. Activation of HER-2 initiates cell growth, survival and invasion promoting cell signaling events in HER-2 positive breast cancer cells. MCF-7 (estrogen positive) and SK-BR-3 (HER-2 positive) cells were treated with biochanin A (2-100 μM) for 72 hours. Then MTT (cell survival) assay was carried out to determine the effects of biochanin A on cell survival. Our results suggest that biochanin A induces a dose-related inhibition of MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cell viability at 50 μM. MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells were also treated with biochanin A (50 μM) for 12 hours and subsequently treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)(2 μM) for 30 minutes: then western blotting was carried out to determine their expression of ERK and transcription factor NFκB. We found that biochanin A inhibits phospho-ERK pathway in SK-BR-3 but not in MCF-7 cells. However, expression of the transcription factor NFκB was decreases in both SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 cells. Thus, biochanin A may be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer because of its ability to affect both hormonal receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases and to decrease intracellular ROS levels. (Supported by NIH INBRE P20RR016454, URC and MSTMRI) Citation Format: Lindsy Dickerson, Vikas Sehdev, Pamela L. Crowell, James C.K. Lai, Alok Bhushan. Differential effects of biochanin A on cell proliferation and ROS-dependent pathways in estrogen receptor positive and HER-2 positive breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4415. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4415
Measurement of Coronary Sinus Blood Flows: Position Effect
Authors: ARTHUR E. ORLICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 January 1977Measurement of Coronary Sinus Blood Flows: Position EffectARTHUR E. ORLICK, M.D., DONALD R. RICCI, M.D., DONALD C. HARRISON, M.D.ARTHUR E. ORLICK, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DONALD R. RICCI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DONALD C. HARRISON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-1-112_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the report by Mills, Mudge, and Lesch (Ann Intern Med 84:295-296, 1976) of a patient with trepopnea. Their observation that the coronary sinus blood flow decreased when the patient turned into the left lateral decubitus position is the reason for our comment.While using the thermodilution method (1) to measure coronary sinus blood flow, we have noted the marked changes in measured flow produced by alterations in patient position. To define these changes, we continuously measured thermodilution coronary sinus flow while a patient was rotated from a 30° left anterior oblique position to...Reference1. GANZTAMURAMARCUS WKH: Measurement of coronary sinus blood flow by continuous thermodilution in man. Circulation 64:181-195, 1971 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cardiology Division Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA 94305 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAltered adrenergic activity in coronary arterial spasm: Insight into mechanism based on study of coronary hemodynamics and the electrocardiogram 1 January 1977Volume 86, Issue 1Page: 112-113KeywordsBlood flow Issue Published: 1 January 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Lessons Learned for the National Children’s Study from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research
Authors: Carole A. Kimmel, Gwen W. Collman, Nigel Fields, Brenda Eskenazi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

This mini-monograph was developed to highlight the experiences of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research, focusing particularly on several areas of interest for the National Children's Study. These include general methodologic issues for conducting longitudinal birth cohort studies and community-based participatory research and for measuring air pollution exposures, pesticide exposures, asthma, and neurobehavioral toxicity. Rather than a detailed description of the studies in each of the centers, this series of articles is intended to provide information on the practicalities of conducting such intensive studies and the lessons learned. This explication of lessons learned provides an outstanding opportunity for the planners of the National Children's Study to draw on past experiences that provide information on what has and has not worked when studying diverse multiracial and multiethnic groups of children with unique urban and rural exposures. The Children's Centers have addressed and overcome many hurdles in their efforts to understand the link between environmental exposures and health outcomes as well as interactions between exposures and a variety of social and cultural factors. Some of the major lessons learned include the critical importance of long-term studies for assessing the full range of developmental consequences of environmental exposures, recognition of the unique challenges presented at different life stages for both outcome and exposure measurement, and the importance of ethical issues that must be dealt with in a changing medical and legal environment. It is hoped that these articles will be of value to others who are embarking on studies of children's environmental health.
Interstrain differences in liver injury and one-carbon metabolism in alcohol-fed mice
Authors: Masato Tsuchiya, Cheng Ji, Oksana Kosyk, Svitlana Shymonyak, Stepan Melnyk, Hiroshi Kono, Volodymyr Tryndyak, Levan Muskhelishvili, Igor P. Pogribny, Neil Kaplowitz, Ivan Rusyn
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Alcoholic liver injury is a major public health issue worldwide. Even though the major mechanisms of this disease have been established over the past decades, little is known about genetic susceptibility factors that may predispose individuals who abuse alcoholic beverages to liver damage and subsequent pathological conditions. We hypothesized that a panel of genetically diverse mouse strains may be used to examine the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and one-carbon metabolism in the mechanism of interindividual variability in alcoholic liver injury. We administered alcohol (up to 27 mg/kg/d) in a high-fat diet using an intragastric intubation model for 28 days to male mice from 14 inbred strains (129S1/SvImJ, AKR/J, BALB/cJ, BALB/cByJ, BTBR T+tf/J, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/10J, DBA/2J, FVB/NJ, KK/HIJ, MOLF/EiJ, NZW/LacJ, PWD/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ). Profound interstrain differences (more than 3-fold) in alcohol-induced steatohepatitis were observed among the strains in spite of consistently high levels of urine alcohol that were monitored throughout the study. We found that ER stress genes were induced only in strains with the most liver injury. Liver glutathione and methyl donor levels were affected in all strains, albeit to a different degree. The most pronounced effects that were closely associated with the degree of liver injury were hyperhomocysteinemia and strain-dependent differences in expression patterns of one-carbon metabolism-related genes. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that strain differences in alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis are striking and independent of alcohol exposure and the most severely affected strains exhibit major differences in the expression of ER stress markers and genes of one-carbon metabolism. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:130–139)
Review: Statins decrease mortality and major CV events in adults with CKD not receiving dialysis
Authors: G. V. Ramesh Prasad
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Palmer SC, Craig JC, Navaneethan SD, et al. Benefits and harms of statin therapy for persons with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:263-75. 22910937
Case 44-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case First admission. A seventy-five-year-old woman entered the hospital because of pain in the hip. The patient had been well until the day of admission, when she fell and was brought to the hospital because of pain in the right hip. During the year before admission a weight loss of 45 pounds was attributed to mental withdrawal after the death of a brother. Physical examination revealed a cachectic woman who was mentally oriented. The chest was clear. The left border of cardiac dullness extended 2 cm. to the left of the mid-clavicular line; a Grade 2 systolic . . .
BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL AND ATHEROMA PROGRESSION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND
Authors: Yu Kataoka, Amy Hsu, Kathy Wolski, Kiyoko Uno, Rishi Puri, E. Murat Tuzcu, Steven Nissen, Stephen Nicholls
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)