tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Women's Neuroethics? Why Sex Matters for Neuroethics
Authors: Molly C. Chalfin, Emily R. Murphy, Katrina A. Karkazis
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

The Neuroethics Affinity Group of the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities (ASBH) met for the third time in October 2007 to review progress in the field of neuroethics and consider high-impact priorities for the future. Closely aligned with ASBH's own goals of recruiting junior scholars to bioethics and mentoring them to successful careers, the Neuroethics Affinity Group placed a call for new ideas to be presented at the Group meeting, specifically by junior attendees. One group responded with the idea to probe a new direction for neuroethics focused on the neuroscience of gender differences. In the spirit of full disclosure, two of the authors are a student (Chalfin) and fellow (Murphy) of the program I formerly directed at Stanford University. The third (Karkazis) is junior faculty there. The intellectual ownership of the ideas in the report below, however, are entirely theirs. Like lit torches in a juggling act, there are many directions this project can go. The report is a snapshot of these authors' first iteration of the concept of women's neuroethics. Many thanks are extended to participants of the ASBH Neuroethics Affinity Group meeting whose enthusiasm and feedback was immensely helpful in shaping the concept and moving it ahead.
Effects of rebreathing conditions and body size on normal human lung tissue volume
Authors: JM Polianski, PD Vivet, TC Chinet, SI Labrune, DG Henzel, GJ Huchon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

To evaluate the consequences of breathing pattern variations inherent to lung disease on the rebreathing measurement of lung tissue volume (Vt), we carried out a study of ten normal human subjects in whom we assessed the effects of changes in rebreathing volume (Vreb), additional deadspace volume (AVD), respiratory rate (RR), and body height. Vt and alveolar volume (VA) were determined from the end-tidal concentrations of acetylene and helium. We performed Vt measurements using different combinations of Vreb (20, 30 and 50% of predicted vital capacity), of AVD (0, 100, and 200 ml) and of RR (10, 25, and 40 br.min-1). Only slow RR (10 br.min-1) resulted in a higher Vt (p less than 0.001). An increase in Vreb induced an increase in VA but not in Vt. VA and Vt were positively correlated with the height of the subjects. We conclude that, in normal subjects, Vt increases: 1) with the height of subjects; and 2) when the respiratory rate is low. Interpretation of Vt results must take into account these two variables.
Tidal Hyperinflation during Low Tidal Volume Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Pier Paolo Terragni, Giulio Rosboch, Andrea Tealdi, Eleonora Corno, Eleonora Menaldo, Ottavio Davini, Giovanni Gandini, Peter Herrmann, Luciana Mascia, Michel Quintel, Arthur S. Slutsky, Luciano Gattinoni, V. Marco Ranieri
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Tidal volume and plateau pressure limitation decreases mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Computed tomography demonstrated a small, normally aerated compartment on the top of poorly aerated and nonaerated compartments that may be hyperinflated by tidal inflation.We hypothesized that despite tidal volume and plateau pressure limitation, patients with a larger nonaerated compartment are exposed to tidal hyperinflation of the normally aerated compartment.Pulmonary computed tomography at end-expiration and end-inspiration was obtained in 30 patients ventilated with a low tidal volume (6 ml/kg predicted body weight). Cluster analysis identified 20 patients in whom tidal inflation occurred largely in the normally aerated compartment (69.9 +/- 6.9%; "more protected"), and 10 patients in whom tidal inflation occurred largely within the hyperinflated compartments (63.0 +/- 12.7%; "less protected"). The nonaerated compartment was smaller and the normally aerated compartment was larger in the more protected patients than in the less protected patients (p = 0.01). Pulmonary cytokines were lower in the more protected patients than in the less protected patients (p < 0.05). Ventilator-free days were 7 +/- 8 and 1 +/- 2 d in the more protected and less protected patients, respectively (p = 0.01). Plateau pressure ranged between 25 and 26 cm H(2)O in the more protected patients and between 28 and 30 cm H(2)O in the less protected patients (p = 0.006).Limiting tidal volume to 6 ml/kg predicted body weight and plateau pressure to 30 cm H(2)O may not be sufficient in patients characterized by a larger nonaerated compartment.
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease of presumably intrauterine origin
Authors: C. A. Wagenvoort, G. Losekoot, E. Mulder
Journal: Thorax (1971)

A case is presented of a male infant aged 8 weeks at the time of his death with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. Almost all pulmonary veins and venules were narrowed or obstructed by intimal fibrosis with such a pronounced deposition of collagen and elastic tissue that an intrauterine origin of these lesions appeared likely. Bronchial veins and anastomoses between pulmonary and bronchial veins were also affected. The vascular changes were of a thrombotic nature. The presence of subacute myocarditis and chronic interstitial pneumonia suggested that an infection may have caused these alterations. An upper respiratory infection in the mother during her pregnancy may be significant, but several serological titres in the maternal blood were too low to give a clue to the nature of the infection.
Psycho physiological profiles of Indian wrestlers
Authors: Vikram Singh, Sanjeev P Sahni
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

At the elite level the mental or psychological factors affect the sportsperson's abilities. For developing greater pressure-handling ability, we need to examine individuals who are exposed to handling risk and pressure. Stress refers to the physical, energetic state of activation in the body. It is the physical intensity level. The level of stress or activation can vary from deep sleep to intense excitement. The idea of peak activation level is that for every skill there is an optimal level of activation, a level that corresponds to a maximum performance level. The peak stress state is the level of energy and intensity that relates to an athlete's best performance level. Top achievers in sports operate in or near to their peak stress level in pressure situations. In the present research paper the Indian male wrestlers were studied on select psycho-physiological variables and their profiles were analysed. The wrestlers were then exposed to the Progressive Muscle Relaxation training for 45 days and their responses were recorded on the four psycho-physiological variables. Thus the complete pretesting and the post training profiling was done and the outcomes were interpreted. The analysis of the present scenario of the psychological condition of the Indian male wrestlers were done and accordingly the recommendations are being made for the improvement of the performance of Indian wrestlers so that they can perform better by overcoming the psychological hurdles at the elite level.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genotype in Children and Coronary Events in Their Grandparents
Authors: Renee F. Badenhop, Xing Li Wang, David E.L. Wilcken
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background It has been suggested that the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. The D/D genotype, which is associated with higher levels of circulating ACE than the I/D or I/I genotype, has been found significantly more frequently in patients with myocardial infarction and also in individuals with a parental history of myocardial infarction. Methods and Results We explored the distribution of the ACE genotype in 404 school children, aged 6 to 13 years, and related the distribution to the number of their grandparents who had had vascular events. We found a significant association between the number of grandparents who had had coronary events and the ACE genotype ( P =.01). In children with two or more grandparents who had had coronary events, there was an excess of both D/D (odds ratio=2.8 [95% confidence interval=1.16-6.56]) and I/D (odds ratio=1.4 [95% confidence interval=0.62-3.25]) genotypes compared with I/I genotypes. In addition, there was an association between the ACE genotype and lipoprotein(a) levels in children ( P =.07). Both the ACE genotype and lipoprotein(a) were found to contribute significantly ( P =.0042) and independently to family history of coronary artery disease, with the ACE genotype proving to be more predictive than lipoprotein(a) levels. Conclusions We conclude that the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene is an important independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and is more predictive that lipoprotein(a). The I/D polymorphism is not only associated with a parental history of myocardial infarction but also with coronary artery disease in second-degree relatives. A further study to explore the relation between the I/D polymorphism and circulating levels of lipoprotein(a) is indicated.
2014 ACC/AHA Key Data Elements and Definitions for Cardiovascular Endpoint Events in Clinical Trials
Authors: Karen A. Hicks, James E. Tcheng, Biykem Bozkurt, Bernard R. Chaitman, Donald E. Cutlip, Andrew Farb, Gregg C. Fonarow, Jeffrey P. Jacobs, Michael R. Jaff, Judith H. Lichtman, Marian C. Limacher, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Roxana Mehran, Steven E. Nissen, Eric E. Smith, Shari L. Targum
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Immunoassays: Cellulose‐Based Diagnostic Devices for Diagnosing Serotype‐2 Dengue Fever in Human Serum (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 2/2014)
Authors: Hsi‐Kai Wang, Cheng‐Han Tsai, Kuan‐Hung Chen, Chung‐Tao Tang, Jiun‐Shyang Leou, Pi‐Chun Li, Yin‐Liang Tang, Hsyue‐Jen Hsieh, Han‐Chung Wu, Chao‐Min Cheng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Two types of cellulose-based in-vitro diagnostic devices are demonstrated on page 187 for the diagnosis of dengue virus infection with a high sensitivity, specific to dengue virus serotype-2 nonstructural protein-1 antigen and dengue virus serotype-2 envelope protein. This is achieved by Han-Chung Wu, Chao-Min Cheng, and co-workers via a therapeutic-based monoclonal antibody.
C-Type Lectin-Like Molecule-1
Authors: Alexander B. H. Bakker, Sonja van den Oudenrijn, Arjen Q. Bakker, Nicole Feller, Marja van Meijer, Judith A. Bia, Mandy A. C. Jongeneelen, Therese J. Visser, Nora Bijl, Cecilia A. W. Geuijen, Wilfred E. Marissen, Katarina Radosevic, Mark Throsby, Gerrit Jan Schuurhuis, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, John de Kruif, Jaap Goudsmit, Ada M. Kruisbeek
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a poor prognosis due to treatment-resistant relapses. A humanized anti-CD33 antibody (Mylotarg) showed a limited response rate in relapsed AML. To discover novel AML antibody targets, we selected a panel of single chain Fv fragments using phage display technology combined with flow cytometry on AML tumor samples. One selected single chain Fv fragment broadly reacted with AML samples and with myeloid cell lineages within peripheral blood. Expression cloning identified the antigen recognized as C-type lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL-1), a previously undescribed transmembrane glycoprotein. CLL-1 expression was analyzed with a human anti-CLL-1 antibody that was generated from the single chain Fv fragment. CLL-1 is restricted to the hematopoietic lineage, in particular to myeloid cells present in peripheral blood and bone marrow. CLL-1 is absent on uncommitted CD34(+)/CD38(-) or CD34(+)/CD33(-) stem cells and present on subsets of CD34(+)/CD38(+) or CD34(+)/CD33(+) progenitor cells. CLL-1 is not expressed in any other tissue. In contrast, analysis of primary AMLs demonstrated CLL-1 expression in 92% (68 of 74) of the samples. As an AML marker, CLL-1 was able to complement CD33, because 67% (8 of 12) of the CD33(-) AMLs expressed CLL-1. CLL-1 showed variable expression (10-60%) in CD34(+) cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome but was absent in 12 of 13 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The AML reactivity combined with the restricted expression on normal cells identifies CLL-1 as a novel potential target for AML treatment.
Pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with mild-to-moderate restriction
Authors: Ganesh Raghu, Steven D. Nathan, Juergen Behr, Kevin K. Brown, James J. Egan, Steven M. Kawut, Kevin R. Flaherty, Fernando J. Martinez, Athol U. Wells, Lixin Shao, Huafeng Zhou, Noreen Henig, Javier Szwarcberg, Hunter Gillies, Alan B. Montgomery, Thomas G. O'Riordan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

The clinical course of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is not known except in advanced disease.488 subjects in a placebo-controlled study of ambrisentan in IPF with mild-moderate restriction in lung volume, underwent right heart catheterisation (RHC) at baseline and 117 subjects (24%) had repeated haemodynamic measurements at 48 weeks. The subjects were categorised into a) World Health Organization (WHO) Group 3 PH (PH associated with pulmonary disease), n=68 (14%); b) WHO Group 2 PH (PH associated with left-sided cardiac disease), n=25 (5%); c) no PH but elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), n=21 (4%); and d) no PH but without elevation of PAWP, n=374 (77%). The WHO Group 3 PH subjects had a lower diffusion capacity, 6MWD and oxygen saturation compared to the subjects with no PH. There was no significant change in mean pulmonary arterial pressure with ambrisenten or placebo after 12 months. Subjects with IPF associated with WHO Group 3 PH had impaired gas exchange and exercise capacity compared to patients without PH. An additional 9% of the subjects had haemodynamic evidence of subclinical left-ventricular dysfunction. Pulmonary artery pressures remained stable over 1 year in the majority of the cohort.
Effects of ambulatory oxygen on exercise capacity and vital parameters in patients with COPD
Authors: Baris Yilmaz, Esin Yentürk, Derya Yenibertiz, Firdevs Atabey, Esin Tuncay
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Ambulatory oxygen is defined as supplemental oxygen during exercise. Candidates for ambulatory oxygen are either already on long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) or show evidence of exercise desaturation.   Aim:  The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of ambulatory oxygen on exercise capacity and vital parameters in patients with COPD who didn9t fulfill the criteria for LTOT.   Method:  45 patients with moderate to very severe COPD were included in our study. Six minute walk test was performed twice, while breathing room air (without oxygen cylinder) and oxygen at 2 l/min (while carrying oxygen cylinder). Six minute walk distance (6MWD), vital parameters, borg dyspnea and fatigue scores were recorded.   Results:  Oxygen resulted in a significant increase in 6MWD for all patients. The results of SaO2, borg dyspnea and fatigue scores were same as 6MWD, all parameters were significantly improved while breathing oxygen and these improvements were significantly prominent in severe and very severe groups than the moderate group.   Conclusion:  Oxygen significantly improved not only subjective complaints such as dyspnea and fatigue but also objective parameters such as 6MWD and saturation. Improvement of 6MWD in severe and very severe groups were over 10% which is a critical limit used in guidelines about ambulatory oxygen prescription. Thus our findings indicate that ambulatory oxygen therapy is an effective treatment modality for severe and very severe group COPD patients.
Cell-Free DNA Next-Generation Sequencing in Pancreatobiliary Carcinomas
Authors: Oliver A. Zill, Claire Greene, Dragan Sebisanovic, Lai Mun Siew, Jim Leng, Mary Vu, Andrew E. Hendifar, Zhen Wang, Chloe E. Atreya, Robin K. Kelley, Katherine Van Loon, Andrew H. Ko, Margaret A. Tempero, Trever G. Bivona, Pamela N. Munster, AmirAli Talasaz, Eric A. Collisson
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2015)

Abstract Patients with pancreatic and biliary carcinomas lack personalized treatment options, in part because biopsies are often inadequate for molecular characterization. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing may enable a precision oncology approach in this setting. We attempted to prospectively analyze 54 genes in tumor and cfDNA for 26 patients. Tumor sequencing failed in 9 patients (35%). In the remaining 17, 90.3% (95% confidence interval, 73.1%–97.5%) of mutations detected in tumor biopsies were also detected in cfDNA. The diagnostic accuracy of cfDNA sequencing was 97.7%, with 92.3% average sensitivity and 100% specificity across five informative genes. Changes in cfDNA correlated well with tumor marker dynamics in serial sampling (r = 0.93). We demonstrate that cfDNA sequencing is feasible, accurate, and sensitive in identifying tumor-derived mutations without prior knowledge of tumor genotype or the abundance of circulating tumor DNA. cfDNA sequencing should be considered in pancreatobiliary cancer trials where tissue sampling is unsafe, infeasible, or otherwise unsuccessful. Significance: Precision medicine efforts in biliary and pancreatic cancers have been frustrated by difficulties in obtaining adequate tumor tissue for next-generation sequencing. cfDNA sequencing reliably and accurately detects tumor-derived mutations, paving the way for precision oncology approaches in these deadly diseases. Cancer Discov; 5(10); 1040–8. ©2015 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1005
Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide relaxes isolated human arteries and veins
Authors: P Best
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP) is the newest member of the natriuretic peptide family and is a circulating peptide in humans. The effects of DNP on the human vasculature are unknown. Since other natriuretic peptides are known to cause vasorelaxation, we determined the response to DNP on human blood vessels in vitro. We also investigated the mechanism of DNP mediated vasorelaxation.Rings of human internal mammary artery and saphenous vein were suspended in an organ bath. The response to cumulative concentrations of DNP was obtained. Inhibiting agents were used to determine the mechanism of this vasorelaxation.DNP caused dose-dependent relaxation, with a greater effect on the internal mammary arteries (relaxation from 10(-7) mol/l DNP: 80.6+/-4.1%) than the saphenous veins (33.4+/-4.1%). At 10(-7) mol/l, DNP resulted in less arterial relaxation compared with atrial and C-type natriuretic peptides and similar relaxation to brain natriuretic peptide. In veins, DNP caused the greatest relaxation of the natriuretic peptides. DNP increased tissue cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) determined by radioimmunoassay by over 7-fold. Barium chloride and indomethacin attenuated DNP mediated vasorelaxation. However, glibenclamide, charydotoxin, apamin, tetraethyl-ammonium chloride and diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid did not. DNP mediated vasorelaxation was mildly attenuated with removal of the endothelium. DNP immunoreactivity was identified in both arteries and veins.The current study demonstrates that DNP is an endogenous human natriuretic peptide that relaxes human arteries more than veins. Furthermore, DNP mediated vasorelaxation involves the inward rectifying potassium channels, prostaglandins, and cGMP. This newest member of the natriuretic peptide family may have an important physiologic role in the human vasculature.
The Effects of Methylphenidate on Neural Systems of Attention in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Keith M. Shafritz, Karen E. Marchione, John C. Gore, Sally E. Shaywitz, Bennett A. Shaywitz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have suggested that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with abnormalities in basal ganglia and prefrontal cortical functioning. However, these studies have primarily relied upon cognitive tasks that reflect impulse control rather than attentional mechanisms. METHOD: The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural correlates of selective and divided attention in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacological challenge with methylphenidate in 15 adolescents with ADHD (ages 14–17), eight adolescents with reading disorder (ages 12–17), and four adolescents with both reading disorder and ADHD (ages 14–18) who were scanned during both a methylphenidate and a placebo session. Fourteen healthy comparison subjects (ages 12–20) who were not given methylphenidate served as the primary comparison group. RESULTS: During the divided attention task, unmedicated subjects with ADHD or reading disorder recruited the left ventral basal ganglia significantly less than the healthy comparison subjects. Methylphenidate led to an increase in activation in this region but had no effect on task performance. Subjects with ADHD also recruited the middle temporal gyrus significantly less than the comparison subjects, but methylphenidate did not have a direct effect on activation in this region. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ADHD is associated with abnormal processing in attentional networks, with specific dysfunction in striatal circuitry. Methylphenidate may act to normalize activity within this network.
The relationship between flow and electrolyte secretion in the canine pancreas
Authors: A. N. Fawcett
Journal: Gut (1970)

The response of the pancreatic bicarbonate secretory mechanism to secretin and the relationship between bicarbonate concentration and flow rate in pancreatic juice have been re-examined following reports describing decreasing levels of bicarbonate concentration at high flow rates. Both anaesthetized and chronic fistula dogs were used. The results show that when high doses of secretin elicit high rates of flow of pancreatic juice the bicarbonate concentration rises to a peak which is constant over a wide range of stimulation and flow rates.
Comparison of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-related infections with different "Y-tubing" exchange systems.
Authors: L Kiernan, A Kliger, N Gorban-Brennan, P Juergensen, D Tesin, E Vonesh, F Finkelstein
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1995)

Despite several modifications of the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) technique over the last decade, peritonitis remains a major source of morbidity and is the leading cause of dropout for patients maintained on CAPD therapy. Recently, Baxter Healthcare introduced the Ultra Twin bag system, which uses drainage and infusion bags both secured to Y connecting tubing. Previous nonrandomized studies comparing the Ultra Twin bag system with other systems have indicated an improvement in the peritonitis rate with the Ultra Twin bag system. In this study, 82 patients were randomized to use the Ultra Twin bag system or the Ultra Y-set system, which uses only the drainage bag already attached to the Y connecting tubing. Peritonitis rates were significantly lower with the Ultra Twin bag system, one episode per 33.9 patient months, compared with the Ultra Y-set system, one episode per 11.7 patient months (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the 1-yr infection-free survival rates with the Ultra Twin bag system and the Ultra Y-set system were 71 and 40%, respectively. Exit-site infections were lower with the Ultra Twin bag system, one episode per 12.5 patient months, compared with the Ultra Y-set system, one episode per 28.3 patient months, although this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.084). The effect of the reduction in the infection rate on patient dropout with the Ultra Twin bag system remains to be addressed.
Serum levels of interleukin-10 on admission as a prognostic predictor of human fulminant myocarditis
Authors: Mototsugu Nishii, Takayuki Inomata, Hitoshi Takehana, Ichiro Takeuchi, Hironari Nakano, Toshimi Koitabashi, Jun-ichi Nakahata, Naoyoshi Aoyama, Tohru Izumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)