tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of caffeine on histamine bronchoprovocation in asthma.
Authors: A Colacone, L Bertolo, N Wolkove, C Cohen, H Kreisman
Journal: Thorax (1990)

It was recently reported that caffeine may reduce the clinical symptoms of asthma and may prevent the clinical manifestations of this disease. The effect of caffeine on histamine responsiveness is unknown. The effect of caffeine (5 mg/kg) and placebo on histamine responsiveness (the provocation concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1, PC20) was studied in 10 subjects with mild asthma (prechallenge FEV1 84% of predicted value). The PC20 for histamine bronchoprovocation after caffeine ingestion was 2.65 (95% confidence limits 0.99, 7.10) mg/ml. After placebo the PC20 was 1.89 (0.96, 3.71) mg/ml. It is concluded that caffeine in a dose equivalent to about three cups of coffee has a very small effect, if any, on histamine bronchoprovocation in those with mild asthma. Specific instructions about not having drinks containing caffeine before histamine challenge are therefore not necessary.
The Direct Approach for the Correction of Aortic Insufficiency
Authors: Charles A. Hufnagel
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A reappraisal of the mechanical factors associated with aortic insufficiency has led to a clearer delineation of the surgical procedures. The anatomic lesions of endocarditis, congenital lesions, aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva and aortic root, dissecting aneurysms, and others are widely divergent; in most cases, valve cusps are involved. Surgical correction has been achieved with anatomically shaped synthetic cusps or total valves to replace the destroyed valvular tissue. They have been sutured into the normal anatomic position to achieve complete control of the insufficiency. Cardiac arrest has been induced and maintained during the operations by local cardiac cooling for periods ranging from 20 minutes to 2 hours. The results have been highly encouraging.
HIV Protease Inhibitors Enhance the Efficacy of Irradiation
Authors: Kyle C. Cuneo, Tianxiang Tu, Ling Geng, Allie Fu, Dennis E. Hallahan, Christopher D. Willey
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Tumor vascular endothelium is rather resistant to the cytotoxic effects of radiation. The HIV protease inhibitors (HPI) amprenavir, nelfinavir, and saquinavir have previously been shown to sensitize tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of radiation. Additionally, this class of drug has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor cell migration. Therefore, in the current study, we wanted to determine whether HPIs could enhance the effect of radiation on endothelial function. Our study shows that HPIs, particularly nelfinavir, significantly enhance radiations effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and tumor vascular endothelium. We show that pretreatment of HUVEC with nelfinavir results in enhanced cytotoxicity, including increased apoptosis, when combined with radiation. Moreover, using several functional assays, we show that combination treatment effectively blocks endothelial cell migration and organization. These findings were accompanied by attenuation of Akt phosphorylation, a known pathway for radioresistance. Last, in vivo analysis of tumor microvasculature destruction showed a more than additive effect for nelfinavir and radiation. This study shows that HPIs can enhance the effect of ionizing radiation on vascular endothelium. Therefore, the Food and Drug Administration–approved drug, nelfinavir, may be an effective radiosensitizer in the clinic. [Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4886–93]
Diabetic dietary prescriptions.
Authors: M. A. Baxter, A. D. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1989)

In this series of patients the anteroposterior projection provided no useful information.Al- though cervical ribs are only occasionally symptomatic, they are not reliably seen in a lateral film.An anteroposterior film that includes the lung apices may very occasionally show a Pancoast tumour in patients with symptoms in the arms.For patients with neck symptoms alone routine cervical spine radiography could justifiably comprise a lateral projection alone in the first instance.For those with symptoms in the arms or with other reasons for referral further projections are desirable as a routine.
Abstract 1440: Downregulation of Pdcd4 leads to epithelial to mesenchymal transition and promotes metastasis in nude mice
Authors: Qing Wang, Yong Zhang, Hsin-Sheng Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Progression of benign tumor into invasive carcinoma is a major cause of death in cancer patients. Programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) is a novel tumor suppressor, which inhibits TPA-induced transformation and tumor phenotype in mouse epidermal JB6 cells. It has been reported that overexpression of pdcd4 cDNA significantly reduces invasive ability of colon carcinoma and breast carcinoma cells in Matrigel invasion assays. Conversely, knockdown of Pdcd4 leads to fibroblast-like transition, promotion of Matrigel invasion, and activation of β-catenin dependent transcription. Activation of β-catenin dependent transcription by Pdcd4 knockdown results in up-regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (u-PAR) and c-Myc expression. Knockdown of u-PAR or c-Myc inhibits invasion in Pdcd4 knockdown cells, suggesting that both u-PAR and c-Myc contribute to the enhanced invasion induced by Pdcd4 knockdown. However, it is unclear whether down-regulation of Pdcd4 promotes metastasis in vivo. In this study, we demonstrated that knockdown of Pdcd4 decreases the expression of epithelial markers (α-catenin and γ-catenin) and increases the protein level of mesenchymal markers (fibronectin and N-cadherin) in colon GEO and HT29 cells. These results indicate that knockdown of Pdcd4 leads to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). To delineate whether Pdcd4 knockdown promotes cell migration, wound-healing and Boyden chamber migration assays were performed. In wound-healing assay, Pdcd4 knockdown cells showed wound closure approximately 3-fold faster than control cells. In addition, the migration capacity of Pdcd4 knockdown cells is approximately 10-fold higher than that of control cells using the Boyden chamber assay. These findings indicate that knockdown of Pdcd4 promotes migration. To test whether knockdown of Pdcd4 promotes metastasis in vivo, parental, Pdcd4 knockdown, and control cells were injected into the cecal wall (orthotopic implantation) of nude mice (n = 6/group). Six weeks post-injection, samples of lung, liver, lymph node, and cecum were collected and the tumor nodules of each sample were determined. Tumors are formed on cecum in all injected mice. However, only mice injected with Pdcd4 knockdown cells developed hepatic and local lymph node metastases. No pulmonary metastasis was observed. These results indicate that Pdcd4 knockdown promotes metastasis in nude mice. Taken together, our data demonstrated that knockdown of Pdcd4 leads to EMT and promotion of migration and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1440. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1440
Is there an antral-body portal system in the stomach?
Authors: T V Taylor, B Torrance
Journal: Gut (1975)

The direction of blood flow from the gastric mucosa of the antrum of the rat stomach has been studied using the isotope Rb86Cl. In a series of five experiments radioactivity has been shown to be transported via the blood stream from the antrum to the parietal cell mass without passing through the general circulation first. It is suggested that a 'portal' or direct transport system from antral mucosa to the body of the stomach exists.
Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Stroke
Authors: Philip A. Wolf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The death rate from stroke in the United States has declined by 50 percent over the past decade, the evidence pointing to a reduction in the incidence of stroke as the responsible factor, not improved survival after stroke. The striking decrease in the mortality rate over this brief span suggests that modifiable environmental factors are important in the occurrence of stroke. Central to the decline in stroke mortality has been the identification of hypertension as the principal risk factor for stroke, whether due to hemorrhage or infarction, and the demonstration in controlled clinical trials that treatment of hypertension reduces the . . .
Arsenic risk assessment.
Authors: H Carlson-Lynch, B D Beck, P D Boardman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

We review recent publications by Hopenhayn-Rich et al. and Smith et al. regarding two critical issues in arsenic risk assessment: the role of methylation in the dose-response relationship and the role of internal cancers. Hopenhayn-Rich et al. applied simple linear regression to data from several studies to determine whether the percentage of inorganic arsenic in urine increases with increasing dose. Although their results failed to show a correlation between percent inorganic arsenic and urinary arsenic concentration, their evaluation does not demonstrate the absence of a methylation threshold because of the relatively low level of arsenic in urine and the use of grab samples in evaluating methylating capacity. Using data from an epidemiological study in Taiwan, Smith et al. have indicated that arsenic could be an important risk factor not only for skin cancer (the basis of the current EPA cancer slope factor), but also for several internal cancers including lung, liver, bladder, and kidney. We note the following deficiencies in the analysis of Smith et al: 1) the likely underestimated exposure estimate due to lack of consideration on nonwater sources of arsenic and the underestimate of water consumption, 2) lack of consideration of detoxification in estimating potential risks from low-level exposures typical of the U.S. population, and 3) lack of consideration of key differences, particularly nutritional differences, between the Taiwanese and U.S. populations that could affect potential risks.
TCT-112 Two-Way, Real-Time Interaction by Means of a Novel Telecommunications Software; Improves Management Of Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gabriel Sardi, Lowell Satler, Joshua Loh, Rebecca Torguson, Hironori Kitabata, Salem Badr, Kenneth Kent, Augusto Pichard, William Suddath, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Quantitative study of digestive enzyme secretion and gastrointestinal lipolysis in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Frédéric Carrière, Philippe Grandval, Christophe Renou, Aurélie Palomba, Florence Priéri, Jacqueline Giallo, Friederike Henniges, Suntje Sander-Struckmeier, René Laugier
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
THE EFFECT OF CLINDAMYCIN IN ACNE-A CLINICAL AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
Authors: W. J. CUNLIFFE, J. A. C'OTTERILL, B. WILLIAMSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— Skin surface lipid composition and sebum excretion rate were determined before and after one and 2 months of therapy in patients taking clindamycin for severe acne vulgaris. All patients showed marked clinical improvement. Clindamycin produced a significant reduction in skin surface free fatty acids and a significant reciprocal increase in skin surface triglycerides after one and 2 months of therapy. There was no significant change in the sebum excretion rate. These results support the hypothesis that free fatty acids are important in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.
Survey of injecting drug users' health shows mixed picture
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The proportion of injecting drug users in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland who were protected against hepatitis B last year rose to the highest level in more than 10 years, show new data. But the prevalence of hepatitis C is rising, especially among younger drug users.

The figures come from an annual survey carried out by the Health Protection Agency on a sample of more than 3000 injecting drug users who use services at 60 specialist drug agencies. 

It shows that …
Screening for hepatitis B and vaccination of homosexual men.
Authors: R. H. Loke, I. M. Murray-Lyon, T. Balachandran, B. A. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1989)

about 60%) with C4b binding protein.The concentra- tions of this protein were twice the reference values but became normal after the leg was amputated and the clinical condition stabilised (day 142).This may have been due to the reactant behaviour of this protein in the acute phase.'The concentrations of free (active) protein S calculated from total protein S and C4b binding protein with a dissociation constant of 0 7x 10-molUl for the protein S/C4b binding protein complex' agreed with those measured.This confirmed protein S deficiency as we found moderately decreased concentrations of protein S and a shift from its free form to the complexed form with C4b binding protein.As protein S is necessary for the anticoagulant activity of protein C, a decrease in the functional concentration of protein S may have the same conse- quences as a defect of protein C. Possibly in our patient the functional protein S deficiency was important in the pathogenesis of the skin necrosis induced by coumarin.
Wealth Well-Given: The Enterprise and Benevolence of Lord Nuffield
Authors: F Prochaska
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed F John Minns Alan Sutton, £18.99, pp 318 ISBN 0–7509–0656–1

Lord Nuffield occupies a special place in the gallery of British benefactors. Indeed, he stands out this century as the pre-eminent home grown millionaire who was disposed to give his millions away at home. As often as not, the great 20th century philanthropists in Britain have been foreign born - Ernest Cassel and Calouste Gulbenkian, for example - or Scots who made their fortunes abroad, such as Andrew Carnegie and Lord Mount Stephen. Nuffield seems almost an aberration, an Englishman with barely a trace of cosmopolitanism. The story told in this informative …
Suppression by ingested eicosapentaenoic acid of the increases in nasal mucosal blood flow and eosinophilia of ryegrass-allergic reactions
Authors: Setu P. Rangi, Maria H. Serwonska, Gail A. Lenahan, Walter C. Pickett, Vincent A. Blake, Sally Sample, Edward J. Goetzl
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1990)
ED-37 * STATISTICAL REPORT OF CENTRAL NERVE SYSTEM TUMORS HISTOLOGICALLY DIAGNOSED IN SICHUAN PROVINCE OF CHINA IN 2008-2013
Authors: X. Wang, Q. Zhou, Q. Mao, C. You, J.-x. Chen, N. Chen, Y.-h. Liu, L. Xiong, J. Duan, L.-l. Peng
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Sichuan locates at the west part of China and has a total population of 100 million.This is the first statistical report of central nerve system tumors, which were operated and histologically diagnosed, in a large Chinese population.METHODS: All patients data were obtained from 86 medical facilities, which covered all population of Sichuan province.
Functional gene expression analysis of clonal plasma cells identifies a unique molecular profile for light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Roshini S. Abraham, Karla V. Ballman, Angela Dispenzieri, Diane E. Grill, Michelle K. Manske, Tammy L. Price-Troska, Natalia Gonzalez Paz, Morie A. Gertz, Rafael Fonseca
Journal: Blood (2004)
Does routine ultrasound scanning improve outcome in pregnancy? Meta-analysis of various outcome measures.
Authors: H C Bucher, J G Schmidt
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the effectiveness of routine ultrasound scanning in pregnancy by a meta-analysis of various outcome measures. DESIGN--Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating the effect of routine ultrasound scanning on perinatal mortality and morbidity. Live birth rate (that is, live births per pregnancy) is included as a measure of pregnancy outcome in addition to the conventional perinatal mortality. SUBJECTS--15,935 pregnancies (7992 in which routine ultrasound scanning was used and 7943 controls with selective scanning) from four randomised controlled trials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Perinatal mortality, live birth rate, rate of miscarriage, Apgar score &lt; 7 at 1 minute, and number of induced labours. RESULTS--The live birth rate was identical in both screening and control groups (odds ratio = 0.99; 95% confidence interval 0.88 to 1.12) although the perinatal mortality was significantly lower in the group who had routine ultrasonography (0.64, 0.43 to 0.97). Differences in perinatal morbidity between the two groups as measured by the proportion of newborn babies with Apgar score &lt; 7 at 1 minute were not significant (1.05; 0.93 to 1.19). CONCLUSION--Routine ultrasound scanning does not improve the outcome of pregnancy in terms of an increased number of live births or of reduced perinatal morbidity. Routine ultrasound scanning may be effective and useful as a screening for malformation. Its use for this purpose, however, should be made explicit and take into account the risk of false positive diagnosis in addition to ethical issues.
Instrument for objective assessment of appropriateness of surgical bed occupancy: validation study
Authors: A. Alijani
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The number of hospital beds per head of population has fallen by more than 2% a year since 1980. 1 Levels of bed occupancy have risen during this period. 1Appropriate bed occupancy is crucial to the NHS, as occupancy rates exceeding 85% in acute hospitals are associated with problems in dealing with emergency and elective admissions. 1 We aimed to develop a valid instrument for the objective assessment of appropriateness of occupancy of surgical beds.
Description of ME revised in disability handbook
Authors: C. Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1993)

pattern of pain is of no value in localising the site of the lesion.2We advocate consultation with a senior doctor and consideration of early computed tomography for patients with a good history of neck rotation at the time of impact.This increases the chance of bony injury,2 particularly between the occiput and C2, which is often poorly visualised in plain films.Computed tomography should also be considered in those with a fixed abnormal neck position, particularly if pain does not seem to be the restricting factor, and those with definite neurological signs and symptoms, even if their presenta- tion is delayed.
940 A FREQUENT PNPLA3 VARIANT IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED PRURITUS IN PBC PATIENTS: NOVEL CHARACTERISTIC OF A PROFIBROGENIC VARIANT
Authors: M. Krawczyk, A. Kempinska-Podhorodecka, M. Milkiewicz, F. Lammert, P. Milkiewicz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Radical Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Localized Inoperable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Trial
Authors: A. Gregor, F. R. Macbeth, J. Paul, L. Cram, H. H. Hansen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Radical Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Localized Inoperable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Trial Get access Anna Gregor, Anna Gregor West of Scotland Lung Cancer Research Group, Beatson Oncology CenterWestern Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland Correspondence to : Anna Gregor, M.D., Department of Clinical Oncology, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd., Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Scotland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fergus R. Macbeth, Fergus R. Macbeth West of Scotland Lung Cancer Research Group, Beatson Oncology CenterWestern Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jim Paul, Jim Paul West of Scotland Lung Cancer Research Group, Beatson Oncology CenterWestern Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Linda Cram, Linda Cram West of Scotland Lung Cancer Research Group, Beatson Oncology CenterWestern Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Heine H. Hansen Heine H. Hansen Finsen InstituteRigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 12, 16 June 1993, Pages 997–999, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.12.997 Published: 16 June 1993 Article history Received: 08 January 1993 Revision received: 01 April 1993 Accepted: 08 April 1993 Published: 16 June 1993
NEUROCIRCULATORY REACTIONS IN THE PSYCHONEUROSES STUDIED BY THE SCHNEIDER METHOD
Authors: Ross A. McFarland, James H. Huddleson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1936)

The Schneider Index, which is alleged to measure cardiovascular fitness, was given to 503 psychoneurotic patients, as well as 83 schizophrenics, 71 manic-depressives, and 90 organic neurologic patients; and to 134 athletes and 191 unselected control subjects—a total of 1072 subjects. Including the subjects which were examined twice a total of 1312 indices were taken during the investigation. The mean score for the psychoneurotics was 7.9, the manicdepressives 8.2, the schizophrenics 8.7, the organic patients 10.2, the unselected control subjects 12.6 and the athletes 14.8. If a mean score of 9 or below is taken as indicative of cardiovascular unfitness, more than 50 per cent of the psychoneurotic and psychotic patients may be so classified, with only 18 per cent of the control group and 5 per cent of the athletes. The female patients scores averaged from 1 to 2 points lower on the index than the males. Range and variability were significantly greater for the patients than for the control subjects, in the individual items of the test as well as in the total Schneider Index. The reliability of the index was measured by repeating the test on 70 of the psychoneurotic and 70 of the control subjects, test and retest being one week apart. The correlation was 89 for the controls and .88 for the patients. Low or negative correlations were obtained between age and Schneider Index. The pulse rates for the patients were on the average higher than in the control groups. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the patients did not differ greatly from those of the controls, with this exception. that a large percentage of the patients showed a fall in systolic pressure on standing, while the controls generally showed a small increase with little deviation. The different subtypes of psychoneurosis showed considerable variation among themselves. Cases of conversion hysteria scored higher than the others ; anxiety state and neurasthenia, lowest.
Foetal airway motor tone in prenatal lung development of the pig
Authors: MP Sparrow, SP Warwick, HW Mitchell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The terminal airways from embryonic lung in situ or as explants exhibit rhythmic spontaneous contractions. Our objective was to see whether narrowing responses of the airways occurred throughout the bronchial tree in the first trimester foetus and, if so, to characterize them. The bronchial tree was freed of vasculature and parenchyma from the lungs of 20-35 g pig foetuses (44-48 days gestation). The airway lumen was visualized directly with transmitted light, and narrowing was recorded in real time by video-imaging microscopy. From the main stem bronchi to the terminal regions of late generation branches (20-35 microns i.d.) strong bronchoconstrictor responses to micromolar concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh), histamine, substance P and K+ depolarizing solution were seen, whilst inhibition of narrowing with beta-adrenoceptor agonists was evidence of beta-receptors on the smooth muscle. Moreover, strong narrowing responses to electrical field stimulation, which were blocked by atropine, indicated that functional cholinergic nerves were present. A remarkable display of spontaneous narrowing in the airways of many of the bronchial tree preparations caused the movement of lung liquid to and fro. We speculate that the bronchomotor tone and associated spontaneous activity, which move the lung fluid along the airways, serve to maintain an even positive pressure in localized areas of the bronchial tree which is essential to provide the stimulus for continued growth of the lung.