tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New review group will monitor NHS changes
Authors: B. D Keighley
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The authors claim that factors other than clinical judgment should not affect our decision to do a rectal examination.It is, however, impudent for surgeons, with no apparent input from general practioners and no training on the interaction of the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of patient care, to comment on doctors' attitudes or the attributes of practices.They should focus on their own responsibility-namely, teaching rectal examination to undergraduates.
Paucity of CD4+CCR5+ T cells is a typical feature of natural SIV hosts
Authors: Ivona Pandrea, Cristian Apetrei, Shari Gordon, Joseph Barbercheck, Jason Dufour, Rudolf Bohm, Beth Sumpter, Pierre Roques, Preston A. Marx, Vanessa M. Hirsch, Amitinder Kaur, Andrew A. Lackner, Ronald S. Veazey, Guido Silvestri
Journal: Blood (2006)
Significance of interleukin-16, macrophage-derived chemokine, eosinophil cationic protein and soluble E-selectin in reflecting disease activity of atopic dermatitis-from laboratory parameters to clinical scores
Authors: I. Angelova-Fischer, U.C. Hipler, A. Bauer, J.W. Fluhr, N. Tsankov, T.W. Fischer, P. Elsner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background The search for the ideal clinical score reflecting atopic dermatitis (AD) severity has developed in parallel with unveiling key events in disease pathogenesis and finding laboratory parameters for monitoring disease activity. A major difficulty in assessing the relevance of reported serum markers of AD severity is the use of nonvalidated referent tools, which compromises comparison of results across studies. Objectives The aim of our study was to compare the significance of serum levels of interleukin (IL)-16, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in reflecting AD severity and identify the most relevant parameter for monitoring the course of disease. Serum levels were tested against the same referent severity score in the same time frame and group of patients. Methods The Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index was used for assessment of disease severity in 21 adult patients in acute stage of AD and after complete resolution of clinical findings. Serum levels of IL-16, MDC, ECP and sE-selectin were measured at the same time points in 18 patients and compared with healthy nonatopic controls. The correlation between SCORAD and each laboratory parameter was tested for significance and compared. Results Serum levels of IL-16, MDC, ECP and sE-selectin were significantly higher in patients in acute stage of AD compared with controls and decreased significantly after treatment, in parallel with clinical improvement. All monitored parameters reflected disease severity assessed by the clinical score. We found the highest significance level of correlation with SCORAD for IL-16 (r = 0·68, P =0·0019), followed by ECP (r = 0·65, P = 0·0032) and MDC (r = 0·55, P =0·0326). There was significant correlation between serum levels of IL-16 and MDC (r = 0·53, P = 0·0443) and ECP and sE-selectin (r = 0·48, P = 0·0427). Conclusions The study established a significant correlation between serum levels of IL-16 and SCORAD in adult AD patients. We report a significant correlation between IL-16 and MDC, both T-helper 2 activation markers. Our data suggested that IL-16 reflects most convincingly disease severity and may be used as a marker in clinical studies preferentially in combination with a clinical activity score.
Brain 18F-FDG PET Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonism
Authors: Ümit Özgür Akdemir, Ayşe Bora Tokçaer, Asl Karakuş, Lütfiye Özlem Kapucu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Aim The aims in this study were to evaluate the role of brain 18F-FDG PET imaging in differential diagnosis of parkinsonism and to correlate brain metabolism findings with patients' clinical findings. Methods Brain 18F-FDG PET images were evaluated both visually and quantitatively using the NeuroQ software in 21 parkinsonism patients in whom final clinical diagnoses were established. Results Final clinical diagnoses were idiopathic Parkinson disease in 7, multisystem atrophy (MSA) in 7, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) in 4, corticobasal degeneration in 2, and Lewy body disease in 1 patient. Asymmetrical cortical hypometabolism was observed in most of the patients in frontal and parietotemporal regions. Fifteen of 21 patients had basal ganglia involvement, which was bilateral in patients with MSA and more frequently unilateral in patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease and PSP. Four patients with PSP and 1 patient with corticobasal degeneration had thalamic hypometabolism. Cerebellar hypometabolism was observed in 4 patients with MSA. The Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor and bradykinesia scores were higher in patients with basal ganglia involvement. Conclusions Brain 18F-FDG PET findings in subcortical nuclei and cerebellum were found to be useful in differential diagnosis of patients with parkinsonism. The extent of cerebral cortical and basal ganglia hypometabolism showed correlation with the presentation and severity of clinical findings.
Has Omaha Found Munchausen's Mantle?
Authors: James L. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The extraordinary case reported by Dr. Galbraith, of Omaha, in which the temperature of a lady with a slow pulse rose at times to 151° F., requiring the construction of new thermometers to register the phenomenon, scores another point for science. The average layman would doubtless flout such a story as ridiculous. He'd vow the doctor had conjured up this "whopper" only to see how great fools we mortals be, who should believe it. But in scientific matters of a medical nature, laymen don't know. In the presence of a wonder like this, they'd do like the old Dutch emigrant who chanced to go to a hot spring for water as he was about to camp for the night. When the hot water splashed up on his hands, he dropped the bucket in great fright and cried out to his son: "Trive on, Hans. Hell ish not
C-Reactive Protein Causes Downregulation of Vascular Angiotensin Subtype 2 Receptors and Systolic Hypertension in Mice
Authors: Wanpen Vongpatanasin, Gail D. Thomas, Randall Schwartz, Lisa A. Cassis, Sherri Osborne-Lawrence, Lisa Hahner, Linda L. Gibson, Steven Black, David Samols, Philip W. Shaul
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Chronic elevations in circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with a greater risk of hypertension. Whether elevations in CRP cause hypertension is unknown. Methods and Results— Chronic, conscious blood pressure (BP) measurements were performed by radiotelemetry in wild-type CF1 control and CF1 transgenic mice expressing rabbit CRP (CF1-CRP) under the regulation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter. Compared with controls, CF1-CRP mice had hypertension that was predominantly systolic, and the severity of hypertension varied in parallel with changes in CRP levels modulated by dietary manipulation. Mice that were hemizygous for the transgene with CRP levels of 9 μg/mL were also hypertensive, indicating that modest elevations in CRP are sufficient to alter BP. CRP transgenic mice had exaggerated BP elevation in response to angiotensin II and a reduction in vascular angiotensin receptor subtype 2 (AT 2 ) expression. In contrast, the decline in BP with angiotensin receptor subtype 1 (AT 1 ) antagonism and vascular AT 1 abundance were unaltered, which indicates a selective effect of CRP on AT 2 . Ex vivo experiments further showed that the CRP-induced decrease in AT 2 is a direct effect on the vascular wall, not requiring systemic responses, and that it is reversed by an NO donor, which indicates a role for NO deficiency in the process. In parallel, the chronic inhibition of NO synthase in wild-type mice attenuated vascular AT 2 expression without affecting AT 1 . Conclusions— These findings provide direct evidence for CRP-induced hypertension, and they further identify a novel underlying mechanism involving downregulation of AT 2 related to NO deficiency.
Non-adherence to medication in patients with psychotic disorders: epidemiology, contributing factors and management strategies
Authors: John M. Kane, Taishiro Kishimoto, Christoph U. Correll
Journal: World Psychiatry (2013)

Although non-adherence is common across all branches of medicine, psychotic disorders pose additional challenges that increase its risk. Despite the importance of non-adherence, clinicians generally spend too little time on assessing and addressing adherence attitudes and behaviors. Importantly, how adherence is measured significantly impacts the findings, and the most frequently employed methods of asking patients or judging adherence indirectly based on efficacy or tolerability information have poor validity. Novel technologies are being developed that directly assess adherence and that can also be used to both provide real-time feedback to clinicians and serve as an intervention with patients. Several treatments are available that can positively impact adherence. Among psychosocial interventions, those combining multiple approaches and involving multiple domains seem to be most effective. Although long-acting injectable antipsychotics are theoretically a very powerful tool to assure adherence and signal non-adherence, recent results from randomized controlled trials failed to show superiority compared to oral antipsychotics. These data are in contrast to nationwide cohort studies and mirror-image studies, which arguably include more representative patients receiving long-acting antipsychotics in clinical practice. This disconnect suggests that traditional randomized controlled trials are not necessarily the best way to study interventions that are thought to work via reducing non-adherence. Clearly, non-adherence is likely to remain a major public health problem despite treatment advances. However, increasing knowledge about factors affecting adherence and leveraging novel technologies can enhance its early assessment and adequate management, particularly in patients with psychotic disorders.
Abstract A58: Systematic optimization of key parameters involved in the preparation of chromatin and the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) workflow
Authors: Tracy Cooke, Zirong Li, Kan Saito, Michael R. Sturges, Konstantin Taganov, Bhaskar Thyagarajan, John M. Rosenfeld, Alejandra Solache
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The ChIP protocol is a fundamental tool that has been used to gain insight into the impact of epigenetic phenomenon and their effect on cancer development and progression. Despite the abundance of research tools that support ChIP, very little innovation has occurred around the ChIP method itself to make the process more reproducible and reliable. Issues surrounding antibody specificity and performance, lack of reliable high-throughput options for limited amounts of chromatin, and accepted criteria to make determinations on the quality of chromatin suitable for ChIP are just some of the challenges faced when performing this method. Improvements in the ChIP process would enable more reliable high resolution genomic mapping of chromatin events that are critical to unambiguously dissect epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and their influence on gene expression. To address these issues, we have engaged in an iterative process of examining multiple parameters that influence ChIP data. For chromatin fragmentation, we prepared chromatin on a variety of devices and utilized various buffer systems to develop an approach to optimize this process. To allow rapid and evaluation of histone antibody specificity, we have produced tools that allow researchers to evaluate specificity utilizing a simple dot blot western blotting approach. In addition, we have developed low-cell protocol that simplifies the ChIP process, reduces variability and significantly improve signal-to-noise ratios. This protocol has been demonstrated to work in both a low throughput version as well as a high-throughput version that is amenable to automation. Our approach is well suited to those with limited experience in ChIP, but is also sufficiently robust and flexible to enable ChIP from either abundant or limited amounts of chromatin derived from cells or tissues. Using this systematic approach, we present data comparing the impact of different sonication protocols on ChIP, analysis of user-to-user variation, as well as approaches to optimize and control for factors that introduce variability in ChIP. Citation Format: Tracy Cooke, Zirong Li, Kan Saito, Michael R. Sturges, Konstantin Taganov, Bhaskar Thyagarajan, John M. Rosenfeld, Alejandra Solache. Systematic optimization of key parameters involved in the preparation of chromatin and the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) workflow. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A58.
Palaeiatry— A New Science
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Study of yourJournaland that of the British Medical Association shows a new science worming its way into the medical field. It is not as yet dignified by title; still less has a scientific society been formed in the discipline. Palaeiatry with its unpronounceable vowels is appropriate.  Although falsely suggestive of a study of old doctors, what it embodies is doctoring of the passed patient of the past. For example, Abraham Lincoln has now become afflicted with either (1) the Marfan syndrome or (2) a horse kick in the head which caused a permanent tilt in one eye. Palaeiatry, then, is the art (or science) of medical diagnosis and treatment long after the remains have become unavailable for study.  To qualify as a suitable patient, he must have suffered from an unusual condition. The medical relics and history must be vague, or susceptible of more than
Rural Scotland needs innovative solutions to deliver out of hours care
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Serious shortcomings have been identified in out of hours services to rural and remote parts of Scotland since family doctors were allowed, in 2004, to opt out of providing 24 hour care.

A report from the Scottish parliament’s health committee says that trust and confidence in current services “has clearly been lost” and urges NHS boards to work with local communities to develop solutions.

The report was prompted by complaints from several remote communities across Scotland that they have been left with little or no medical cover at night and at …
Increased Localization of 201 TI-Chloride in Subacute Thyroiditis
Authors: NORIHISA TONAMI, HISASHI BUNKO, AKIRA KUWAJIMA, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

We present two cases of subacute thyroiditis in which increased radionuclide activity in the affected areas was observed on 201Tl thyroid scintigrams. These were taken to evaluate cold areas on the 99mTc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigrams. This finding suggests that 201TI may be a potentially useful radionuclide in visualizing inflammatory lesions.
Serum Insulin in a Case of Severe Diabetes Mellitus Showing Remission
Authors: K. W. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1960)

MEDICAL JOURN*AL evidence which suggests that patients with meningo- encephalitis give rise to cases of meningo-encephalitis or that meningo-encephalitis cases are caused by a " separate" neurotropic strain.The prevalence of mumps meningo-encephalitis in Northern Ireland in 1958 may have been due to a mumps virus of increased neurotropism, or may simply have been the reflection of a large epidemic of mumps and an available viral diagnostic laboratory-whereby infection of the C.N.S. with mumps virus could be differentiated from non- paralytic poliomyelitis and other causes of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis. SummaryThe clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological features of 50 cases of mumps meningo-encephalitis are described. 39of these occurred during 1958, when there was a mumps epidemic in Northern Ireland.The diagnosis in all cases was confirmed by complementfixation tests using V (viral) and S (soluble) antigens.The C.S.F.findings in 36 cases are presented.Males were more commonly affected than females, and 84% of the cases occurred in children under 15 years of age.The principal clinical features were fever, headache, neck rigidity, and vomiting with or without salivary- gland involvement, which occurred in only 54% of the cases.About one-third of the patients showed signs of encephalitis, one of which was of the post-infective type.The peak incidence of mumps meningo-encephalitis occurred in the late spring and early summer months, and there was no difference in the seasonal incidence of mumps meningo-encephalitis with parotitis and mumps meningo-encephalitis without parotitis.Mumps virus infection appears to have been more readily transmitted by patients with parotitis than by patients without enlarged salivary glands.A follow-up study of a number of patients was done, and the absence of serious sequelae in this series suggests that a good prognosis may usually be given in mumps meningo-encephalitis.We wish to acknowledge the co-operation of many clinicians in the preparation of this paper and of the clinical pathologists who provided data on the C.S.F.In particular we would like to thank Drs.
DEFECTIVE BRAIN MICROTUBULE ASSEMBLY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Authors: Khalid Iqbal, Tanweer Zaidi, GuangY. Wen, Inge Grundke-Iqbal, PatriciaA. Merz, SadiaS. Shaikh, HenrykM. Wisniewski, Irina Alafuzoff, Bengt Winblad
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Long QT Syndrome and Pregnancy
Authors: Rahul Seth, Arthur J. Moss, Scott McNitt, Wojciech Zareba, Mark L. Andrews, Ming Qi, Jennifer L. Robinson, Ilan Goldenberg, Michael J. Ackerman, Jesaia Benhorin, Elizabeth S. Kaufman, Emanuela H. Locati, Carlo Napolitano, Silvia G. Priori, Peter J. Schwartz, Jeffrey A. Towbin, G. Michael Vincent, Li Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Medicine, Surgery, and Gastric Cancer in 1900: Debating When to Go 'Radical'
Authors: Robert Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In 1895, stomach cancer may have accounted for 30% of all cancers, but neoplastic disease accounted for less than 5% of deaths in Germany.1 (The United States did not keep standard¬ izedmortality statistics until the early 20th century.) However, 19th-century physicians believed that cancer death rates in Europe and the United States had been increasing rapidly for several decades. For example, an increase of 25% from 1830 to 1840 was reported in Paris.2 Furthermore, contemporaries an¬ ticipated that the incidence ofcancerwould continue to increase, for they believed that cancers, particularly those involving the gastrointestinal tract, were primarily diseases of the well-nour¬ ished who dwelled in civilized nations. Some physicians pushed the diet-cancer connection to the limit when they argued that it explained why cancer was common among the affluent while tuberculosis, which afflicted primarily the malnourished, rarely occurred in those suffering from malignancies.3 Thus, when Charles Aaron, MD, our 1897 JAMA contributor, published his article on stomach cancer, he was addressing a clinical problem that piqued the interest ofmany physicians as well as the public. Before the 1880s, the diagnosis and treatment of stomach
Distribution of Cancers of the Large Bowel
Authors: Elliot Prager
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Rhodes, Holmes, and Clark (238:1641, 1977) referring to transient distribution of primary cancers in the large bowel leaves the readers with an unfortunate implication. It is stated several times that digital examination and proctoscopic examination may not be as important today because of the changing trend in distribution of tumors. I would like to point out that over the past 40 years the incidence of routine proctoscopies and the location and eradication of polyps has become increasingly prevalent. This may be contributing largely to the control of carcinoma and precarcinoma in the area available to the sigmoidoscope and may offer an explanation for the changing pattern. In a study done by myself and others,<sup>1</sup>it was shown that in a population whose polyps are being located and treated, the incidence of carcinoma is increased, but the distribution is almost entirely above the reach
Low-dose hydrocortisone did not improve survival in patients with septic shock but reversed shock earlier
Authors: Francois Lamontagne
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club17 June 2008Low-dose hydrocortisone did not improve survival in patients with septic shock but reversed shock earlierFrancois Lamontagne, MD, MSc, Maureen O. Meade, MD, MScFrancois Lamontagne, MD, MScHamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (F.L., M.O.M.)Search for more papers by this author, Maureen O. Meade, MD, MScHamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (F.L., M.O.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-12-200806170-02006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationSprung CL, Annane D, Keh D, et al. Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:111-24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18184957Clinical Impact RatingsEmergency Med: Hospitalists: Infectious Disease: Critical Care: Reference1 Annane D, Bellissant E, Bollaert PE, et al. Corticosteroids for severe sepsis and septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2004;329:480. [PMID: 15289273] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (F.L., M.O.M.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 June 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMedical Students Can Help Avoid the Expert Bias in Medicine 17 June 2008Volume 148, Issue 12Page: JC4-6KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneCritical careIntensive care unitsPharmacistsPopulation statisticsSepsisSuperinfections ePublished: 17 June 2008 Issue Published: 17 June 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Dustborne Alternaria alternata antigens in US homes: Results from the National Survey of Lead and Allergens in Housing
Authors: Päivi M. Salo, Ming Yin, Samuel J. Arbes Jr., Richard D. Cohn, Michelle Sever, Michael Muilenberg, Harriet A. Burge, Stephanie J. London, Darryl C. Zeldin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
RESPONSE: Re: Plasma Folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Homocysteine, and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: S. M. Zhang, W. C. Willett, J. Selhub, D. J. Hunter, E. L. Giovannucci, M. D. Holmes, G. A. Colditz, S. E. Hankinson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)
A New Deal for Global Health R&amp;D? The Recommendations of the Consultative Expert Working Group on Research and Development (CEWG)
Authors: John-Arne Røttingen, Claudia Chamas
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

John-Arne Røttingen and Claudia Chamas, chairs of the the Consultative Expert Working Group on Research and Development (CEWG), summarize their recent report recommending to the World Health Assembly that a global health R&D treaty be developed.