tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence and Significance of Thrombi in Coronary Arteries in Fatal Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Authors: William C. Roberts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970The Prevalence and Significance of Thrombi in Coronary Arteries in Fatal Acute Myocardial Infarction.William C. Roberts, M.D., L. Maximilian Buja, M.D.William C. Roberts, M.D., L. Maximilian Buja, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-781_5 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAcute myocardial infarction is generally believed to be the result of thrombotic occlusion of a major coronary artery. To determine the prevalence of thrombi, the three major coronary arteries were sectioned histologically in their entirety in 42 patients who died of acute myocardial infarction. Thrombi were found in 15 of the 42 patients. In 8 of the 15, associated hemorrhages into plaques also were present. Three others had hemorrhages into plaques without associated thrombi. In 24 no thrombi or hemorrhages were observed in the coronary arteries. The lumens of the arteries in 41 of the 42 patients were narrowed greater... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethesda, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySurgery in coronary artery disease?IAnticoagulant therapy in myocardial infarctionMyocardial Infarction in Young Women with Normal Coronary ArteriogramsRevascularization of the heart—numerators in search of denominators 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 781-782KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionArteriesCoronary arteriesHemorrhage Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Evaluation of “Loss” and “End stage renal disease” after acute kidney injury defined by the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss and ESRD classification in critically ill patients
Authors: Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, Eric N. Haugen, Remzi Iscimen, Cesar Trillo-Alvarez, Luis Juncos, Ognjen Gajic
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)
Older people and the “patient centred” NHS:Prioritisation will be for financial reasons rather than by need
Authors: Gillian E Moss
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Rowland and Pollock discuss many of the problems and inequities of the Community Care (Delayed Discharges) Act.1 They do not mention that inpatients under the care of a psychiatrist have been specifically excluded, although most psychiatric inpatients also occupy acute beds which in many places are in …
The Role of Venous Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Suspected Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Clive Kearon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

This paper describes the role of venous ultrasonography in the diagnosis of suspected deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.Inability to compress the common femoral or popliteal vein is usually diagnostic of a first episode of deep venous thrombosis in symptomatic patients (positive predictive value of about 97%). Full compressibility of both of these sites excludes proximal deep venous thrombosis in symptomatic patients (negative predictive value of about 98%). In patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis or in those who present with suspected pulmonary embolism but have a nondiagnostic lung scan, the subsequent risk for symptomatic venous thromboembolism is very low (<2% during 6 months of follow-up) provided that ultrasonography of the proximal veins remains normal in the course of 1 week (suspected deep venous thrombosis) or 2 weeks (suspected pulmonary embolism). Anticoagulation and further diagnostic testing can usually be safely withheld in these situations. Venous ultrasonography is much less reliable for the diagnosis of asymptomatic, isolated distal, and recurrent deep venous thrombosis than for the diagnosis of a first episode of proximal deep venous thrombosis in symptomatic patients. Clinical evaluation of the probability of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, preferably by using a validated clinical model, complements venous ultrasonographic findings and helps to identify patients who would benefit from additional (often invasive) diagnostic testing. Thus, venous ultrasonography is thought to be a very valuable test for the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. This paper also available at http: /www.acponline.org.
Quantitative DNA Fragment Analysis for Detecting Low Amounts of Hepatitis B Virus Deletion Mutants in Highly Viremic Carriers
Authors: Folke Schläger, Stephan Schaefer, Markus Metzler, Nils Gratzki, Fritz Lampert, Wolfram H. Gerlich, Reinald Repp
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Many variants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with deletions in the viral genome have been identified. Some of these variants are indicator or even effector of a more severe course of hepatitis. These deletion mutants contribute a variable and sometimes very low proportion to the viral population. For early detection of small amounts of deletion mutants among a large number of wild–type genomes, we applied a new screening method designated quantitative fragment analysis (QFA). By QFA the whole viral genome can be scanned for the presence of deletions or insertions of ≥3 nucleotides representing more than 2% of the viral population. Using QFA we showed that an often described deletion of 8 nucleotides is packaged in viral capsids and not a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) artifact. QFA was applied to study the emergence of deletion mutants in a group of 18 pediatric patients who had been infected from a common source while being under multidrug cancer chemotherapy. All patients had developed a highly viremic asymptomatic HBV carrier state. In 3 of these patients 3 different kinds of HBV deletion mutants were found by QFA: 8 bp deletions within the core promoter, core gene deletions from 8 to 86 bp, and large deletions of up to 1,989 bp spanning the precore/core and the preS/S reading frames. PCR primers that specifically amplify deletion variants enabled the detection of additional patients harboring the investigated variant.
Silent night: retrospective database study assessing possibility of "weekend effect" in palliative care
Authors: R. Voltz, R. Kamps, R. Greinwald, M. Hellmich, S. Hamacher, G. Becker, K. Kuhr, J. Gaertner
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To compare the mortality of patients in a palliative care unit on working days with that on weekends and public holidays. <b>Design</b> Retrospective database study. <b>Setting</b> Palliative care unit in Germany. <b>Population</b> All admissions to palliative care unit between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2008. <b>Main outcome measure</b> The impact of day type (working days or weekends and public holidays) on mortality was analysed using Poisson regression models. <b>Results</b> A total of 2565 admitted patients and 1325 deaths were recorded. Of the deaths, 448 (33.8%) occurred on weekends and public holidays. The mortality rate on weekends and public holidays was 18% higher than that on working days (mortality rate ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.32; P=0.005). <b>Conclusion</b> Patients in the palliative care unit were at higher risk of dying on weekends and public holidays. In the absence of a prospective study, the exact reasons for this correlation are unclear.
Genetic Analysis of Macrophage Characteristics as a Tool to Identify Tumor Susceptibility Genes
Authors: Remond J. A. Fijneman, Mariska Vos, Johannes Berkhof, Peter Demant, Georg Kraal
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Genetic predisposition to cancer is influenced by allelic variation in tumor susceptibility genes (TSGs) as present in the germline. We previously demonstrated in the mouse that TSGs frequently participate in genetic interactions, indicating that they represent molecular networks. Inflammation may constitute one of the molecular networks underlying susceptibility to cancer by influencing the tumor microenvironment. Because macrophages play a key role in inflammation and are often associated with tumors, we argue that a subset of TSGs can be identified by examining the genetics of macrophage characteristics. A panel of inflammation-related assays was established to phenotype mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages, which included stimulation with lipopolysaccharides followed by measurement of secretion of tumor necrosis factor α and the p40 chain of interleukin-12 and of expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. This panel of assays was used for linkage analysis and applied to bone marrow-derived macrophages derived from individual mice of segregating crosses between inbred strain O20 and the highly related strains NTX-10 and NTX-20, which differed from O20 in only 10% of their genome, to reduce genetic complexity. Three macrophage-associated risk inflammatory factors were mapped—Marif1, Marif2, and Marif3—that each affected several inflammation-related assays, confirming that they function within molecular networks. Moreover, Marif1 and Marif2 were localized in regions with established linkage for both quantitative and qualitative aspects of lung cancer susceptibility. These studies provide a novel approach to investigate the genetics of microenvironmental influence on predisposition to tumorigenesis, thereby contributing to development of new strategies that aim to prevent or treat cancer.
Lymphoma in Older Patients
Authors: Catherine Thieblemont, Bertrand Coiffier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

One half of patients newly diagnosed with lymphoma are older than 60 years and a significant proportion of them older than 80 years. Older patients treated for lymphoma may not tolerate the high-dose therapies used in younger patients, usually because of the presence of concomitant diseases. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma represents more than 60% of all lymphomas seen in older patients. Clinical presentation and prognostic parameters are identical to those described in young patients. However, response rate is usually lower in elderly patients compared with young patients, even if the patients are treated with the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) regimen. Therefore, event-free and overall survival rates are shorter in elderly patients, even if disease-free survival rates are not really shorter than in young patients. Rituximab added to the CHOP regimen has recently been shown to dramatically improve the survival of these older patients without increasing the toxicity of the treatment. Patients older than 80 years may also be treated with rituximab plus CHOP, except for those having severe organ failure secondary to other diseases. Very few of these older patients may benefit from a salvage treatment after relapse.
TCT-116 Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch after Aortic Valve-In-Valve Implantation: Insights from the Global Valve-in-Valve Registry
Authors: Sabine Bleiziffer, Webb John, Rudiger Lange, Massimo Napodano, Susheel Kodali, David Hildick-Smith, Dominique Himbert, Ulrich Schaefer, Josep Rodes-Cabau, Hendrik Treede, Marco Barbanti, Stephen Brecker, Azeem Latib, Jean-Claude Laborde, Ran Kornowski, Danny Dvir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
METABOLISM OF NORADRENALINE IN THE HUMAN*
Authors: McC. Goodall, N. Kirshner, Lawrence Rosen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

ronide.Dodgson, Garton and Williams in 1947 (13) fed rabbits d-adrenaline and isolated from the urine of these rabbits a conjugate of adrenaline.Clark and Drell (14), repeating this work, showed that rabbits metabolized dl-and 1-adrenaline in a similar manner and that the conjugate was a glucuronide.Then in 1952 and 1953 Schayer, Smiley, Kaplan and Kennedy (15-17) published their papers on the metabolism of adrenaline.They not only showed something about the cleavage of adrenaline but pointed out that there were at least five or six urinary catabolites of adrenaline.In 1957 Armstrong, McMillan and Shaw (18, 19) identi- fied 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid as a major urinary metabolite of adrenaline in the human.Subsequently, Axelrod and associates (20, 21) isolated metadrenaline (3-0-methyladrenaline) and normetadrenaline (3 -0-methylnoradrenaline) from rat urine and metadrenaline from human urine.Also in 1957 von Euler (22) demonstrated 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid in human urine, and in 1958 LaBrosse, Axelrod and Sjoerdsma (23) isolated normetadrenaline from the urine of pheochromocytoma patients.Goodall, Rosen and Kirshner (24, 25) infused normal male subjects with labeled dl-adrenaline-2-C" and separated and identified a number of the urinary catabolites of adrenaline.Hitherto, with the exception of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid, none of the metabolic products of noradrenaline in the normal human have been separated or identified.MATERIALS A. dl-Noradrenaline-2-C', specific activity 20 mc. per mM, from Volk Radiochemical Company, Chicago, Ill.
Abstract 3060: MicroRNA expression profiling in African American and Caucasian prostate cancer.
Authors: Shaniece Theodore, Melissa Davis, Jhong Rhim, William Grizzle, Timothy Turner, Clayton Yates
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract PURPOSE: African American men have almost twice the incidence and death rates related to prostate cancer compared to Caucasian men. Several studies have suggested that some of these differences may be attributed to the elevated expression of different genes. Recently, a new class of genetic regulators has emerged known as microRNAs. Many reports have found microRNAs to be implicated in cell growth, cell differentiation and the onset of many diseases including prostate cancer. We sought to investigate whether microRNAs are differentially expressed in African American and Caucasian prostate samples. METHODS: We analyzed the expression of over 300 microRNAs in 11 African American and Caucasian cell lines utilizing Affymetrix Microarray Chip. Validations of the most significant miRNAs were done by qRT-PCR. Methylation analysis of miR-152 promoter region was carried out by performing bisulfite modification and DNA sequencing. Characterization of the miRNA was carried out by performing MTT assay, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, and Imunoflourescence. RESULTS: We identified 15 microRNAs that were differentially expressed between the African American and Caucasian cell lines. Further validations led to the identification of miR-152 which is significantly expressed among both groups. Bisulfite modification and DNA sequencing revealed that miR-152 is methylated in aggressive prostate cancer cell lines. 5-Aza-2’/TSA treatment restored miR-152 levels in these cell lines. MiR-152 is responsible for inhibiting DNA methyltransferase 1, Rictor and TGF-β. Our results showed that miR-152 reduced cellular proliferation in PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines. In addition, miR-152 initiated G2-M cell cycle arrest. Expression of miR-152 in 40 normal-tumor paired prostate tissue samples indicated that its expression was down-regulated in 67% of tumor samples. Analysis of African American and Caucasian prostate normal-tumor paired sample revealed that both normal and tumor prostate samples had lower miR-152 expression in the African American prostate samples compared to the Caucasian prostate samples. CONCLUSION: These results give evidence that microRNAs may play a role in the advance progression seen in prostate cancer in African Americans. Future studies will focus on validating these results in larger patient sample sizes. Research supported by G12 RR03059-21A1(NIH/RCMI), and CA118623 (NIH/NCI). Citation Format: Shaniece Theodore, Melissa Davis, Jhong Rhim, William Grizzle, Timothy Turner, Clayton Yates. MicroRNA expression profiling in African American and Caucasian prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3060. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3060
Surgical Therapy for Obesity
Authors: David H. Alpers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

The difficulty of assessing the proper role of surgery in the treatment of morbid obesity results from the lack of adequate information for making three decisions: selection of patients, choice of operation, and determination of the long-term benefits of therapy. The paper by Hocking et al.1 provides useful guidance concerning the second of these decisions. To understand the importance of their article, one should first consider the rationales for the other two.The choice of patients for the surgical treatment of obesity has been based on an arbitrary definition of morbid obesity.2 The usual definition conforms to that used by . . .
Long term follow up of SHR rats with experimental yersinia associated arthritis.
Authors: R Merilahti-Palo, C Gripenberg-Lerche, K O Soderstrom, P Toivanen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

One hundred and one SHR rats were injected intravenously with live Yersinia enterocolitica O:8. The rats were randomly divided into two groups consisting of 48 and 53 rats. The group of 48 rats was monitored for 245 days to establish the incidence and the clinical features of the arthritis. The remaining 53 rats were killed in groups of three to five rats at intervals from four to 245 days after inoculation to examine the clearance of bacteria and the development of histological changes in the synovial membrane. Arthritis developed in 23/48 (48%) rats at seven to 27 days after inoculation. The arthritis subsided in most rats within four weeks, without leading to ankylosis of the affected joints. The arthritis was prolonged in three rats and recurrent in two. In the group of 53 rats Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 was cleared from most of the internal organs by day 77, but persisted in the inguinal lymph nodes in many of the rats up to day 245. All macroscopically arthritic joints showed clear histological signs of non-suppurative synovitis. No histological synovitis was detected in those joints observed macroscopically to be non-arthritic. Yersinia associated arthritis in SHR rats provides a potential model for reactive arthritis. There are strong similarities in the course of the arthritis and histopathological changes in the synovium between this animal model and reactive arthritis in humans. This study supports the association between poor elimination of the causative agent and the development of arthritis.
A genome-wide association study identifies four susceptibility loci for keloid in the Japanese population
Authors: Mitsuko Nakashima, Suyoun Chung, Atsushi Takahashi, Naoyuki Kamatani, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Naoya Hosono, Michiaki Kubo, Yusuke Nakamura, Hitoshi Zembutsu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Changes in Clinical and Physiologic Variables Predict Survival in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Harold R. Collard, Talmadge E. King, Becki Bucher Bartelson, Jason S. Vourlekis, Marvin I. Schwarz, Kevin K. Brown
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

There is significant heterogeneity in survival time among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Studies of baseline clinical and physiologic variables as predictors of survival time have reported inconsistent results. We evaluated the predictive value of changes in clinical and physiologic variables over time for survival time in 81 patients with biopsy-proven idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Six-month changes in dyspnea score, total lung capacity, thoracic gas volume, FVC, FEV1, diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide, partial pressure of arterial oxygen, oxygen saturation, and alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient were predictive of survival time even after adjustment for baseline values. Analyses were repeated on 51 patients with 12-month change data. Twelve-month changes in dyspnea score, total lung capacity, FVC, partial pressure of arterial oxygen, oxygen saturation, and alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient were predictive of survival time after adjustment for baseline values. Evaluation of changes in clinical and physiological variables over 6 and 12 months may provide clinicians with more accurate prognostic information than baseline values alone.
Darzi review: NHS must pioneer public health drives if it is to survive
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Darzi review sets out a range of public health initiatives that, it says, the NHS must embrace if it is to survive in the 21st century.

“If the NHS remains a primarily reactive service, simply admitting people into hospital when they are ill, it will be unable to cope with the increased demands of an ageing population,” says Lord Darzi. “Our longer life spans require the NHS to be forward looking, proactively identifying and mitigating health risks.”

In response to demands from the local clinical groups for prevention services on an “industrial scale,” primary care trusts, in conjunction with local authorities, will now have an obligation …
Oral epithelial stem cells in tissue maintenance and disease: the first steps in a long journey
Authors: Kyle B Jones, Ophir D Klein
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

The identification and characterization of stem cells is a major focus of developmental biology and regenerative medicine. The advent of genetic inducible fate mapping techniques has made it possible to precisely label specific cell populations and to follow their progeny over time. When combined with advanced mathematical and statistical methods, stem cell division dynamics can be studied in new and exciting ways. Despite advances in a number of tissues, relatively little attention has been paid to stem cells in the oral epithelium. This review will focus on current knowledge about adult oral epithelial stem cells, paradigms in other epithelial stem cell systems that could facilitate new discoveries in this area and the potential roles of epithelial stem cells in oral disease. A better understanding of the adult stem cells found in the oral mucosa should lead to new therapies for mouth disorders, argue two researchers from the University of California, San Francisco, USA. In a review article, Kyle Jones and Ophir Klein discuss the progress made in recent years to identify and characterize oral epithelial stem cells (OESCs) from the tissue that lines the inside of the mouth cavity. Pathological changes in these cells are suspected to underlie various oral diseases. Although scientists have found some molecular markers expressed by OESCs, they have yet to discover genes that are expressed only by these stem cells. This makes tracking the organization and dynamics of OESCs in the body quite difficult, which will eventually be necessary to develop treatments that specifically target OESCs, the authors note.