tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synopsis of roentgen signs.
Authors: Gordon J. Culver
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This book is a synopsis of the more complete work,<i>Roentgen Signs in Clinical Diagnosis</i>, but in outline form without any real text. The work is concise and well done. The necessary fundamentals of radiology are contained in a few pages and are highly important to any student or physician who wishes to view radiographs. The contents are arranged by body areas and include positioning, normal findings, and abnormalities. An attempt is made to simplify disease classification in any given area. In some instances there appear to be oversimplifications, which may result in misinterpretation by the reader. The "midget exhibits" of line drawings with radiographic examples are worthwhile. A very definite criticism concerns the quality of the reproductions of radiographs. Many of these do not exhibit what is noted in the accompanying captions. An increase in the size and quality of these illustrations would greatly improve the presentation. The chapters
Comment on: Kim et al. Prospective Study of Serum Adiponectin and Incident Metabolic Syndrome: The ARIRANG Study. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1547–1553
Authors: Tomoyuki Kawada
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Kim et al. (1) conducted a 2.6-year follow-up study targeting 5,178 inhabitants aged 40 to 70 years to elucidate the effect of serum adiponectin on the risk of development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The number of participants in the first follow-up survey was 3,862, and the final sample size became 2,044 (831 men and 1,213 women), after exclusion of subjects for several reasons, including lack of adiponectin measurement and diagnosis of MetS in the baseline study. They calculated the odds ratio using multivariate logistic regression analysis. In addition, they checked the improvement of the predictive ability of serum adiponectin for MetS using a statistical procedure named receiver …
Gantrez® AN nanoparticles do not alter allergenicity of Lollium extract
Authors: M. Ferrer, S. Gomez, M.L. Sanz, E. Luquin, A. Grau, A. Molina, S. Beatriz, C. Gamazo, J.M. Irache
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Biological Variation in HbA1c Predicts Risk of Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Saul Genuth, John M. Lachin, David M. Nathan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

McCarter et al. (1) report that the propensity to glycate hemoglobin, as evidenced by a higher-than-expected HbA1c level for the concomitantly measured mean blood glucose (MBG) level, is itself a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. They use publicly available data from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) to calculate a hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) to support their hypothesis. Their results appear to offer a possible explanation for anecdotal reports that some patients with chronically excellent control are nonetheless severely affected by diabetic retinopathy and/or nephropathy, while others with chronically poor glycemic control nonetheless escape these complications.

The data from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases–funded DCCT were placed in the public domain to allow other investigators to pursue additional analyses, and we applaud their efforts. However, we the principal investigators of the DCCT cannot accept …
Studies with Tritiated Digoxin in Anephric Human Subjects
Authors: JAMES E. DOHERTY, WILLIAM J. FLANIGAN, WILLIAM H. PERKINS, GEORGE L. ACKERMAN, Jacquelyn Gammill, Joyce Sherwood
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Tritiated digoxin was given to 11 patients when anephric prior to renal transplant. These patients exhibited high digoxin serum levels, increased digoxin serum half-times, and reduced excretion of digoxin compared to those of patients with congestive heart failure and normal BUN and are similar in this respect to patients with severe compromise of renal function. The stool excretion of digoxin is increased in anephric patients, but this does not compensate for the lack of renal excretion of digoxin. These findings indicate the need for prudent administration of digoxin to anephric patients, as well as those with renal failure. Often the dose of digoxin may be reduced as much as one third to one half of the usual maintenance dose.
Type D (Delta) Hepatitis
Authors: Todd Heller
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the recent update and review of delta hepatitis by Dr Hoofnagle.<sup>1</sup>He states, "In acute delta hepatitis, coinfection can be distinguished from superinfection by testing for IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen [anti-HBc], the serological marker of acute hepatitis B." Unfortunately, the ability of IgM anti-HBc to act as a marker of acute hepatitis B does not appear to be so clear-cut. In a review of patients with hepatitis B surface antigen, Lai and colleagues<sup>2</sup>found that 50% of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, 26% of patients with chronic active hepatitis, and 25% of patients with chronic persistent hepatitis had IgM anti-HBc. IgM anti-HBc has also been noted to persist for as long as 2 years after recovery from an acute infection.<sup>3,4</sup>Lastly, Koike and associates<sup>5</sup>have shown that as many as 90% of acute exacerbations of chronic hepatitis
Ham's Test In Vivo?
Authors: Dale E. Hammerschmidt, Patricia A. Coppo, Harry S. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A 28-year-old woman with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) had a 5-cm cutaneous infarction and slough develop after the subcutaneous injection of meperidine (Demerol) hydrochloride for painful crisis. Noting that injectable meperidine may be provided at a pH as low as 3.5,<sup>1</sup>we wondered whether an injection placed close to a skin feeder-vessel might yield enough acid-mediated complement activation to result in vascular occlusion through aggregation and lysis of complement-sensitive blood cells. Meperidine (5% solution) of the same manufacturer and lot number as had been given to the patient was obtained from the pharmacy. The addition of one volume of the drug to five volumes of normal serum reduced the pH to 6.7, very close to the pH used in Ham's acid hemolysis test<sup>2</sup>; furthermore, the total hemolytic complement in such serum fell by more than 70%, and C3 conversion became evident immunoelectrophoretically.<sup>3</sup>When meperidine
Detection of Jeopardized Myocardium with TI-201 Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: WILLIAM C. KLINGENSMITH, JEROME D. SUTHERLAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Reinjection of a second dose of TI-201 before redistribution imaging has significantly improved the ability of myocardial perfusion imaging to detect jeopardized myocardium. However, PET studies and the results from coronary artery angioptasty and bypass surgery indicate that Tl-201 studies still underestimate the number of ischemic areas at stress that represent viable myocardium. To determine whether an imaging protocol using an early reinjection of Tl-201 immediately after acquisition of the stress images would improve the detection of jeopardized myocardium, 138 patients were studied with an early reinjection protocol and the incidence and magnitude of reversible defects were compared by SPECT to a second group of 143 patients who underwent the standard late reinjection protocol. Two observers independently evaluated 19 standard myocardial segments by visual examination in each patient. They determined the presence or absence of reversible defects, and, when present, their magnitude. The frequency of reversible defects always was less with early reinjection compared to the standard late reinjection; the difference reached statistical significance for one of the two observers (P < 0.05). It is concluded that early reinjection of TI-201 in myocardial perfusion imaging does not increase and may decrease the sensitivity of the study for jeopardized myocardium.
Which Medical Journals Have the Greatest Impact?
Authors: EUGENE GARFIELD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

High-impact medical journals are identified using data from the 1981 and 1982 Journal Citation Reports. The Journal Citation Reports are an annual supplement to the Science Citation Index. Journals publish different types of editorial matter, much of which does not report substantive research. A special algorithm is used to calculate the number of substantial or "meaty" items. In 1981 The Lancet and The New England Journal of Medicine ranked highest among 78 journals in citations received; 53 945 and 47 887, respectively. These journals also have the highest impact factor, the average number of citations received by items in a journal's 1980 and 1981 issues. The British Medical Journal was highest in 1981 immediacy index, the measure of how quickly a journal's 1981 items were cited in 1981.
Kola, Ginseng, and Mislabeled Herbs
Authors: Jan F. Lindberg
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The article entitled Herbal Intoxication (236:473, 1976) contains an error in botanical identification. The article groups gotu kola and kola nut together as the same substance. This error was possibly made by conclusions reached in the case study, where I believe that cola was packaged and sold as gotu kola. The symptoms described in the case study match the medicinal effects ascribed to Cola vera by Potter 1 and C nitida by Emboden, 2 both of which belong to the family Sterculiaceae , which is a tropical tree. Gotu kola, on the other hand, is classified as Hydrocotyle asiatica major , a ground cover aquatic Indian pennywort of the family Umbelliferae (the parsley family). This plant is sometimes considered the same as H asiatica minor , called fo-ti-tieng, which is considered by the Chinese to be a old-age rejuvenator. Millspaugh 3 lists the medicinal properties of this family of plants
CORRELATION BETWEEN DEGREE OF NEOINTIMAL HYPERPLASIA AND INCIDENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF NEOATHEROSCLEROSIS AFTER STENT IMPLANTATION: AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Rocco Vergallo, Taishi Yonetsu, Stephen Lee, Shiro Uemura, Koji Kato, Haibo Jia, Farhad Abtahian, Jinwei Tian, Sining Hu, Aaron Aguirre, Iris McNulty, Hang Lee, Shaosong Zhang, Bo Yu, Italo Porto, Luigi Biasucci, Filippo Crea, Ik–Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Biostatistical issues in the design and analysis of multiple or repeated genotoxicity assays.
Authors: L Edler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Tests for genotoxic or mutagenic effects of chemicals have prompted efficient biostatistical methods for the quantification of dose-response data, especially from the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. A decision about the genotoxicity of a compound is, however, always based on several assays, and results from multiple or repeated genotoxicity assays have to be combined either qualitatively or, even better, quantitatively. The latter problem is considered here, and issues for design and analysis are addressed. General recommendations for designing genotoxicity assays are given. A long-known methodology for combining quantitative parameters from different experiments is updated and other statistical methods suitable for the combined analyses of multiple assays are presented. Some aspects of design and analysis are elucidated on count data from unscheduled DNA synthesis assays.
Breakdown of Barriers in Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Robert M. Donaldson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The cause of benign gastric ulcer has always been pretty much of a mystery. Acid-pepsin must play some part because chronic benign ulceration simply does not develop in a stomach totally incapable of secreting hydrochloric acid. Yet the capacity to secrete acid varies greatly among patients with gastric ulcer.1 Although some are hypersecretors, most secrete normal or distinctly less than normal amounts of gastric acid, and some have an acid secretory capacity that is pitifully small. Thus, it seems reasonable to focus attention on gastric mucosal resistance to acid-pepsin rather than on acid-pepsin itself.The problem, of course, lies in . . .
231 PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY AND NON-INVASIVE MARKERS OF FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE. A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 4,935 PERSON-YEARS
Authors: J. Vergniol, J. Foucher, E. Terrebonne, J. Font, W. Merrouche, P. Couzigou, V. de Ledinghen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
A Device for Rapidly Deriving the Hematocrit of Blood Centrifuged in Ungraduated Tubes
Authors: Alan Richardson Jones
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

IN a previous communication1 mention was made of a device for rapidly and accurately reading the relative length of the packed red-cell column in the ungraduated capillary tubes used in the Guest and Siler2 microhematocrit technic. The purpose of this communication is to describe this device in greater detail.The usual methods for measuring hematocrit levels in ungraduated capillary tubes consist either of laying the tube on a ruler and converting the measured lengths of the plasma and packed cell columns to hematocrit percentage by simple computation or of placing the tube against a specially prepared scale of divergent lines. . . .
Acetabular Impingement on Planar and SPECT Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Kevin P. Banks, Won S. Song
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 37-year-old male presented with 4 months of atraumatic left hip pain. Onset of symptoms began during basic military training and pain was exacerbated by physical activity. Plain film radiographs of the hip were reported as normal. Because of the concern for a potential stress fracture, the patient was referred to nuclear medicine for bone scintigraphy. Planar and SPECT imaging revealed the presence of abnormal scintigraphic activity involving both hips (left greater than right) in a distribution atypical for stress injury and more consistent with bilateral femoral acetabular impingement (FAI). Subsequent MR examination was confirmed the diagnosis. This case illustrates a novel method for evaluating the physiologic process of FAI.
Mutational analysis of the RPGRIP1L gene in patients with Joubert syndrome and nephronophthisis
Authors: M.T.F. Wolf, S. Saunier, J.F. O'Toole, N. Wanner, T. Groshong, M. Attanasio, R. Salomon, T. Stallmach, J.A. Sayer, R. Waldherr, M. Griebel, J. Oh, T.J. Neuhaus, U. Josefiak, C. Antignac, E.A. Otto, F. Hildebrandt
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Value and Cancer Care: Toward an Equitable Future
Authors: Lowell E. Schnipper, Neal J. Meropol, Dan W. Brock
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Health care expenses in the United States are increasing inexorably. At the current rate of growth, it is anticipated that 20% of the gross national product will consist of health-related expenditures within the next decade. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and it is increasing in prevalence because of the aging of the population and the limited number of successful prevention strategies. As the biological characteristics of cancer come into sharper focus, targeted therapies are being developed that offer the promise of increased clinical benefit with fewer toxicities than are associated with conventional treatment. Although spectacular successes are infrequent with this approach, to date, the majority of targeted therapies are modestly effective at best, and extremely costly. This observation suggests that a broadly acceptable definition of value in a cancer therapeutic agent is not at hand, but is sorely needed from the vantage points of the patient and society. A corollary issue of enormous import is how to equitably distribute the health care dollar in the service of achieving the greatest good for the greatest number. Although cancer is responsible for only 5% of the health care budget, its cost is increasing and it can be viewed as paradigmatic when contemplating the problem of equity in health care. Here, a number of concepts are discussed that focus on this goal and its implications for the cancer patient and society at large. Clin Cancer Res; 16(24); 6004–8. ©2010 AACR.
Lung Recruitment Using Oxygenation during Open Lung High-Frequency Ventilation in Preterm Infants
Authors: Anne De Jaegere, Mariëtte B. van Veenendaal, Agnes Michiels, Anton H. van Kaam
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Changes in oxygenation are often used to guide the recruitment procedure during open lung high-frequency ventilation in preterm infants. However, data on the feasibility and safety of this approach in daily clinical practice are limited.To prospectively collect data on ventilator settings, gas exchange, and circulatory parameters before and after surfactant therapy during open lung high-frequency ventilation.In 103 preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome, the opening, closing, and optimal pressures were determined during high-frequency ventilation by increasing and decreasing stepwise the continuous distending pressure, defining optimal recruitment as adequate oxygenation using a fraction of inspired oxygen not exceeding 0.25. This procedure was repeated after each surfactant treatment.The mean presurfactant opening and optimal continuous distending pressures were, respectively, 20.5 +/- 4.3 and 14.0 +/- 4.0 cm H2O, with a fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.24 +/- 0.04. Surfactant treatment enabled a reduction in the mean optimal pressure of almost 6 cm H2O without compromising oxygenation. Blood pressure and heart rate remained stable and no air leaks were observed during the recruitment procedures. The mortality rate and the incidence of severe intracranial hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia and chronic lung disease at 36 wk were comparable to previously reported data.Open lung high-frequency ventilation using oxygenation to guide the recruitment process is feasible and safe in preterm infants and enables a reduction of the fraction of inspired oxygen below 0.25 in the majority of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
Spontaneous compared with induced onset of sustained ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: M D Berger, H L Waxman, A E Buxton, F E Marchlinski, M E Josephson
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Electrophysiological characteristics of the modes of initiation of 16 episodes of spontaneously occurring sustained ventricular tachycardia recorded in 16 patients by two-channel ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring were compared with the characteristics of ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed electrical stimulation. Eleven episodes of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia began after a single ventricular premature depolarization (VPD), three episodes after two VPDs, and two episodes after five VPDs. By comparison, only four episodes of sustained ventricular tachycardia were induced with a single VPD. Each episode of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia was initiated by a late coupled VPD (RR':QT ratio greater than 1.0). The VPD was often morphologically similar to the ensuing ventricular tachycardia (eight of 11 episodes that began after a single VPD). No correlation was found between the modes of initiation of spontaneous and induced ventricular tachycardia. We hypothesize that concealed decremental slow conduction, reflected in the long coupling intervals of VPDs initiating ventricular tachycardia, is of critical importance in initiating ventricular tachycardia. We conclude that major differences exist in the timing and number of VPDs associated with the onsets of spontaneous and induced sustained ventricular tachycardia.
TRAVEL NOTES.II. IS A TRIP TO EUROPE WORTH ITS COST TO THE MEDICAL MAN?
Authors: LEWELLYS F. BARKER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

On beginning a medical letter the mind is beset with all sorts of doubts. Impressions in anticipation easily fill entertaining and instructive volumes; impressions in retrospect are prone to dwindle especially when they are submitted to that conscientious winnowing which the busy readers of a modern periodical have a right to demand of the writer who ventures to address them. In the first place, are there not many who consider a medical trip abroad no longer justifiable, since medicine has reached so high a development at home? In the second place, in view of the electric promptness with which events medical in the old world are chronicled in the new, can an ordinary medical traveler without especial literary training hope nowadays to write anything to his colleagues at home which can either interest by its novelty or please by its form? No matter how great the development
Telomere Length, Aging, and Somatic Cell Turnover
Authors: Richard J. Hodes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Telomeres are unique protein–DNA structures that comprise the termini of eukaryotic linear chromosomes (for review see references ([1][1]), ([2][2])). Telomeric DNA does not contain protein-encoding genes but rather consists of G-rich hexanucleotide repeats that in vertebrate cells are (TTAGGG)n
End of term report for Alan Milburn
Authors: M. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (2001)

(following his government's response to the House of Commons Select Committee on Health's second report on public health; see p 249) 

Dear parent/guardian,

I have become rather worried about Alan's performance in the last few months. In particular much of his written work has left a great deal to be desired. I am also sorry to say that Alan and some of the bigger boys have been picking on the public health team, who, as you know, are a small group and not as tough as many of the other children.

> Did foot and mouth disease leave Alan confused, so all he could think about was culling? 

Most disappointing of all was his recent essay on improving the public health, for which he was given a borderline fail grade. Although he had a brave attempt at addressing the problem, his ideas were poorly developed and he showed little evidence of reading around the subject.

Firstly, he implied in the essay that public health improvements were all to do with …
Correction of Arterial Structure and Endothelial Dysfunction in Human Essential Hypertension by the Angiotensin Receptor Antagonist Losartan
Authors: Ernesto L. Schiffrin, Jeong Bae Park, Hope D. Intengan, Rhian M. Touyz
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Structural and functional alterations of the vasculature may contribute to complications of hypertension. Because angiotensin II may be pivotal in some of these vascular abnormalities, we tested the hypothesis that the angiotensin type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor antagonist losartan, in contrast to the β-blocker atenolol, would correct resistance artery abnormalities in patients with essential hypertension. Methods and Results —Nineteen untreated patients with mild essential hypertension (47±2 years, range 30 to 65 years; 57% male) were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to losartan or atenolol treatment for 1 year. Nine age/sex-matched normotensive subjects were also studied. Both treatments reduced blood pressure to a comparable degree (losartan, from 149±4.1/101±1.6 to 128±3.6/86±2.2 mm Hg, P &lt;0.01; atenolol, from 150±4.0/99±1.2 to 130±3.2/84±1.4 mm Hg, P &lt;0.01). Resistance arteries (luminal diameter 150 to 350 μm) dissected from gluteal subcutaneous biopsies were studied on a pressurized myograph. After 1 year of treatment, the ratio of the media width to lumen diameter of arteries from losartan-treated patients was significantly reduced (from 8.4±0.4% to 6.7±0.3%, P &lt;0.01). Arteries from atenolol-treated patients exhibited no significant change (from 8.3±0.3% to 8.8±0.5% after treatment). Endothelium-dependent relaxation (acetylcholine-induced) was normalized by losartan (from 82.1±4.9% to 94.7±1.1%, P &lt;0.01) but not by atenolol (from 80.4±2.7% to 81.7±4.6%). Endothelium-independent relaxation (by sodium nitroprusside) was unchanged after treatment. Conclusions —The AT 1 antagonist losartan corrected the altered structure and endothelial dysfunction of resistance arteries from patients with essential hypertension, whereas the β-blocker atenolol had no effect.