tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Critical Care Medicine
Authors: S M Hollenberg, J E Parrillo
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Shock and multiple organ system failure are 2 of the most common and important problems in the intensive care unit (ICU). When tissue oxygen supply decreases in certain forms of shock, increased oxygen extraction occurs to maintain oxygen consumption. If shock continues unabated, oxygen delivery becomes inadequate and anaerobic metabolism ensues, with lactic acidosis. After this critical point, oxygen consumption is said to be delivery-dependent. The blood lactate level correlates well with the degree of perfusion failure and reflects the oxygen debt. In shock due to trauma, hypovolemia, or hemorrhage, it has long been recognized that rapid and aggressive resuscitation results in quicker repayment of this oxygen debt and improved outcome. Some critically ill patients, notably those with trauma or sepsis, are hypermetabolic and may require higher levels of oxygen delivery to maintain oxidative metabolism. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that increasing oxygen delivery to supranormal levels may be beneficial.
Multiple test procedures other than Bonferroni's deserve wider use
Authors: R. Bender, S. Lange
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Recently, Perneger tried to establish that adjustments for multiple testing are unnecessary.1 However, the main arguments against multiplicity adjustments are based on misunderstanding of and a lack of knowledge about simultaneous statistical inference.

Firstly, Perneger equated multiple test adjustments with Bonferroni corrections. The Bonferroni procedure ignores dependencies among the data and is therefore much too conservative if the number of tests is large.2 Hence, we agree with Perneger that the Bonferroni method should not be routinely used. This is, however, no argument against the use of multiplicity …
Effects of Adipocyte Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Deficiency on PCB-Induced Disruption of Glucose Homeostasis in Lean and Obese Mice
Authors: Nicki A. Baker, Robin Shoemaker, Victoria English, Nika Larian, Manjula Sunkara, Andrew J. Morris, Mary Walker, Frederique Yiannikouris, Lisa A. Cassis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) promote adipocyte inflammation and impair glucose homeostasis in lean mice. The diabetes-promoting effects of lipophilic PCBs have been observed only during weight loss in obese mice. The molecular mechanisms linking PCB exposures to impaired glucose metabolism are unclear.In this study we tested the hypothesis that coplanar PCBs act at adipocyte aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) to promote adipose inflammation and impair glucose homeostasis in lean mice and in obese mice during weight loss.PCB-77 administration impaired glucose and insulin tolerance in LF (low fat diet)-fed control (AhR(fl/fl)) mice but not in adipocyte AhR-deficient mice (AhR(AdQ)). Unexpectedly, AhR(AdQ) mice exhibited increased fat mass when fed a standard LF or high fat (HF) diet. In mice fed a HF diet, both genotypes became obese, but AhR(AdQ) mice administered vehicle (VEH) exhibited increased body weight, adipose mass, adipose inflammation, and impaired glucose tolerance compared with AhR(fl/fl) controls. Impairment of glucose homeostasis in response to PCB-77 was not observed in obese mice of either genotype. However, upon weight loss, AhR(fl/fl) mice administered PCB-77 exhibited increased abundance of adipose tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA and impaired glucose homeostasis compared with those administered VEH. In contrast, PCB-77 had no effect on TNF-α or glucose homeostasis in AhR(AdQ) mice exhibiting weight loss.Our results demonstrate that adipocyte AhR mediates PCB-induced adipose inflammation and impairment of glucose homeostasis in mice. Moreover, deficiency of AhR in adipocytes augmented the development of obesity, indicating that endogenous ligand(s) for AhR regulate adipose homeostasis.
China After the Quake
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gonadal Dysgenesis with Cor Pulmonale
Authors: LINDSAY DAVIDSON, DONALD HEATH
Journal: Circulation (1960)

The clinical and pathologic features of a 37-year-old patient with Turner's syndrome are described. Dyspnea developed in the third decade and respiratory signs and symptoms finally dominated the clinical picture, so that the case appeared terminally as one of anoxic cor pumonale. The heart failure is considered to be related to the kyphoscoliosis present as one of the skeletal deformities of the syndrome.
Hyperactivity of Neutrophil Leukotactic Responses during Active Bacterial Infection
Authors: Harry R. Hill, Jonathan M. Gerrard, Nancy A. Hogan, Paul G. Quie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

To determine if changes in neutrophil leukocyte function occur during active bacterial infection, the neutrophils of 25 patients with active bacterial infection and 25 age-matched controls were compared for leukotactic activity, random mobility, and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. The neutrophil leukocytes of patients with bacterial infection were hyperactive in unidirectional movement toward a chemotactic stimulus as measured in the leukotactic assay and usually had increased nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. The mean leukotactic index was 165+/-56 in patients with bacterial infection and 70+/-11 in controls (P < 0.001). After 7-10 days of appropriate therapy with clinical and bacteriological response, leukotactic activity returned to normal values. A hyperactive leukotactic response continued, however, in patients with persisting bacterial infection. The hyperactive leukotactic response of circulating neutrophils appears to be an early and sensitive event in the inflammatory cycle stimulated by bacterial infection and may aid in the localization of invading bacteria.
Malignant melanoma in a woman with LEOPARD syndrome: identification of a germline PTPN11 mutation and a somatic BRAF mutation
Authors: M. Seishima, Y. Mizutani, Y. Shibuya, C. Arakawa, R. Yoshida, T. Ogata
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Malignant melanoma in a woman with LEOPARD syndrome: identification of a germline PTPN11 mutation and a somatic BRAF mutation Get access M. Seishima, M. Seishima Department of Dermatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki 503‐8502, Japan *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157‐8535, Japan E‐mail: marikoseishima@yahoo.co.jp. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Mizutani, Y. Mizutani Department of Dermatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki 503‐8502, Japan *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157‐8535, Japan E‐mail: marikoseishima@yahoo.co.jp. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Shibuya, Y. Shibuya Department of Dermatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki 503‐8502, Japan *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157‐8535, Japan E‐mail: marikoseishima@yahoo.co.jp. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Arakawa, C. Arakawa Department of Dermatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki 503‐8502, Japan *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157‐8535, Japan E‐mail: marikoseishima@yahoo.co.jp. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Yoshida, R. Yoshida Department of Dermatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki 503‐8502, Japan *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157‐8535, Japan E‐mail: marikoseishima@yahoo.co.jp. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Ogata T. Ogata Department of Dermatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki 503‐8502, Japan *Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157‐8535, Japan E‐mail: marikoseishima@yahoo.co.jp. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 6, 1 December 2007, Pages 1297–1299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08229.x Published: 01 December 2007
Elevated myocardial catecholamines in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: An arrhythmogenic substrate?
Authors: Petar Seferovic, Stepan Stepanovic, Miodrag Ostojic, Slavko Simeunovic, Ruzica Maksimovic, James D. Pickett, John M. Lewis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Ischemic Heart Disease: Clinical and Pathophysiological Aspects
Authors: Pamela Ouyang
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This book covers all aspects of ischemic heart disease, including coronary spasm, coronary arterial disease, and myocardial infarction. The pathophysiology, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and therapy of ischemic heart disease are discussed.  The management of patients with ischemic heart disease constitutes a major portion of the practice of both the cardiologist and internist. It is an area in which active research has resulted in an expansion in both our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and the therapeutic modalities available.  Drs Willerson, Hillis, and Buja have provided a book that is on the whole an excellent review of our current understanding of the subject. From a personal point of view, I found the order of the contents distracting, with the chapters on the examination of the patient preceding those on the clinical presentation of the disease. However, this should not present a problem if the book is used as a
Statins associated with 46% rise in type 2 diabetes risk, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Taking a statin is associated with a 46% increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes, a large follow-up study of men in Finland has found. The paper suggested that the effect was due to decreased insulin sensitivity and secretion. However, experts commenting on the findings have pointed out various flaws in the study and its presentation.

The study followed up 8749 men aged 45 to 73 years for an average of 5.9 years. They were randomly selected from the population of Kuopio, eastern Finland, and none had diabetes at baseline. The results, reported in Diabetologia , showed that men taking statins (n=2142) had a 46% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio 1.46 (95% confidence interval 1.22 to 1.74)) over the follow-up period.1

Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed in 625 men on the basis of measurement of fasting plasma glucose, …
Introductory Address on the Pursuit of Medical Studies and Practice
Authors: A. T. H. Waters
Journal: BMJ (1880)

IT has been my fortune to have been connected with this school for five-and-twenty years, and yet this is only the second time that it has devolved on me to deliver an introductory address.The first occasion was in I857, twenty-three years ago.It may seem strange that, with a staff of only thirteen lecturers, whose duty it is to deliver the address in rotation, so long an interval should have elapsed; but, in truth, during these twenty-three years many 'changes have occurred in our staff, and there have been many newcomers, whose services have been taxed for the annual addresses.These new appointments haye been caused in some instances by death, but in large measure by resigna- tions-resignations of men some of whom arte -still amongst us, still honorary members of our staff.Having, therefore, been so long attached to the school, having watched its fortunes, having seen several generations of students pass through it, and having studied to the best of my ability'their wants, I may perhaps be in a position to judge of the capabilities of the institu- tion, and of the requirements of those who resort to it; and, in the few remarks which I feel it my duty to make, I wish that the experience I have had in connection with the school, in the practice' of my profes-
De-escalation of empirical therapy is associated with lower mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock
Authors: J. Garnacho-Montero, A. Gutiérrez-Pizarraya, A. Escoresca-Ortega, Y. Corcia-Palomo, Esperanza Fernández-Delgado, I. Herrera-Melero, C. Ortiz-Leyba, J. A. Márquez-Vácaro
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Transgastric Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy and Flow Cytometry of Suspected Lymphoma of the Spleen
Authors: M. Eloubeidi, S. Varadarajulu, I. Eltoum, D. Jhala, D. Chhieng, N. Jhala
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Masses in the spleen can be sampled by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) but the diagnosis of lymphoma using EUS-FNA and flow cytometry has not been reported. We report our experience with transgastric EUS-FNA and flow cytometry in the investigation of patients with suspected lymphoma of the spleen.All patients with splenic lesions that had been detected by computed tomography and who were referred for transgastric EUS-FNA over a 3-year period were enrolled in this study. The tissue obtained by EUS-FNA was evaluated by flow cytometry in all patients.Six patients with splenic masses were enrolled (four men, two women; median age 58.5 years, range 41 - 82 years). The mean size of the short axis of the lesions was 37.8 mm (SD 23.76 mm) and the mean size of the long axis was 45.6 mm (SD 31.72 mm). EUS-FNA was performed successfully in all patients and the tissue obtained was evaluated by flow cytometry. Two patients were diagnosed with lymphoma; no pathology was identified in the other four patients. Lymphoma of the spleen appeared as sharply demarcated echo-poor lesions; benign lesions appeared echo-rich in comparison with the surrounding splenic tissue. The two patients who were diagnosed with lymphoma underwent chemotherapy. Of the four patients in whom no pathology was identified, one patient subsequently underwent splenectomy for evaluation of persistent abdominal pain and was diagnosed with lymphoma; the three other patients had true-negative disease on the evidence of long-term follow-up (mean 8 months; range 6 - 12 months). No complications related to the EUS-FNA procedure were encountered in any patient.EUS-FNA of spleen masses is a safe technique that aids in the diagnosis of lymphoma when used in conjunction with flow cytometry.
P3-153: Uptaded analysis of a randomized phase II trial of early change of a chemotherapeutic doublet versus four cycles of chemotherapy in avanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): the 03:01 Groupe Français de Pneumo–Cancérologie (GFPC) study
Authors: Alain Vergnenégre, Christos Chouaïd, Romain Corre, Fabrice Barlési, Henri Bérard, Jean-Marc Vernejoux, Hervé Le Caer, Pierre Fournel, Benoit Marin, Julie Tillon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
THE VALUE OF ANATOMY
Authors: M. R. Drennan
Journal: BMJ (1928)

MEDICAL JOURTNAL Of October 8th, 1927, emanating as it does from such an authori-tative source as the President of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, commands the serious attention of those of us who are engaged in tlhe teaching of anatomy.His strictures on the present- day teaching of anatomy, supported as they are by Sir Arthur Keith, the distinguished curator of the same institution,1 surely constitute a challenge to all anatomists.Unless someone attempts to meet the charges they will pass for true, and the temple of anatomy will be destroyed and false gods may be set up in its stead.It is not quite clear whether the distinguished President, when he advised a limited study of anatomy, was directing his advice only to those who wished to specialize in surgery, or whether he wished his remarks to apply as well to the general undergraduate approach to the surgical side of the medical qualification.The mere fact that he addressed his words to undergraduates, and to those who
Gallium-67 Citrate Accumulation in a Mycotic Popliteal Artery Aneurysm
Authors: YVES LECLERC, JEAN VERREAULT, GUY BISSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A 31-year-old man with bacterial endocarditis developed a mycotic popliteal aneurysm which presented clinically like an acute osteomyelitis. Bone and Ga-67 scanning played a major role in disclosing this unsuspected lesion. Various isotopic techniques proposed for the detection of mycotic aneurysm are reviewed. The potential usefulness of Ga-67 imaging in patients at risk of developing such lesions is discussed.
An Address on Internal Derangements of the Knee-Joint and their Treatment by Operation
Authors: T. Annandale
Journal: BMJ (1887)

was at the time impressed, perhaps unduly, by the two most recent cases of cerebral abscess which lhad been under my care, in one of wltich the abscess wvas in thl frontal lobe, anl I hal much regretted that rio operation was performed in that case.The most definite signs of invo&vement of nerves, which were, in leed, v. rv unusual, suggested the probable extension of inflammation to tlho iiner aspect of the front of the temporo-sphenoidal lobe.Simple, pressure in that position might have involved the third nerve, Inu woul d, in all )robability, have caused obstruction in the cavernous sinius, rTid possibly thrombosis, of neither of which was there any evi- dmuice.Inlflamnation of the dura mater, and consequent pressure upon tie third nerve, and inflammatory celema of the sheath of the left Optic nerve, would suffice to produce the nerve-symptoms.I am well aware that there are sources of fallacy as regards both of these conditions.Unilateral optic neuritis, or optic neuritis occurring mu.1lch soooner or more intensely in one eye than the other, may occur, though very rarely, from intracranial disease in various positions.1Ilre, again, I was much influenced by the close resemblance to two cases wvhich I had observed, in which neuritis, which was at first, and,or some time, unilateral, had developed as a result of direct involveisient of the sheath of the nerve in an adjacent inflarmmation.The rapid subsidence after the operation appears to confirm this view of Iss causation.
S48 Air Pollution Particulate Matter Promotes Dc Maturation And Enhances Their Stimulation Of Cd8 Lymphocyte Responses
Authors: T. Ho, P. Pfeffer, E. Mann, F. Kelly, N. Matthews, C. Hawrylowicz
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> High levels of ambient urban particulate matter (UPM), a component of air pollution, are associated with respiratory tract infections and exacerbations of airways diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) exposed to inhaled UPM orchestrate the resulting immune response. We have previously shown that UPM-stimulation of DCs results in enhanced proliferation of naïve CD4 lymphocytes but decreased priming of IFNγ-producing CD4 lymphocytes. These CD4 lymphocytes are important in anti-viral immune responses; however, Tc1 CD8 lymphocytes have more direct anti-viral action. In this research we have studied the effect of UPM on DC priming of CD8 lymphocytes. <h3>Methods</h3> CD1c peripheral blood DCs were isolated, cultured in the presence/absence of UPM stimulation, with GM-CSF or in medium alone. DC expression of CD83, CCR7, CD40 and MHC Class I were measured by flow-cytometry at 24 h. Pre-treated DCs were also cultured with naïve CD8 lymphocytes in an allogeneic mixed-lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Lymphocyte proliferation (flow-cytometric measurement of CFSE) and cytokine production (multiplex bead array) were assessed at day 5. The proportion of lymphocytes primed to produce IFNγ was measured at day 7 (intracellular staining). <h3>Results</h3> UPM-stimulation increased DC expression of the maturation marker CD83 (p = 0.0038) and chemokine receptor CCR7 (p = 0.0018). It had no effect on CD40 or MHC Class I expression. UPM-stimulation of DCs also significantly increased CD8 lymphocyte proliferation (p = 0.020), and the production of IFNγ, TNFα and IL-13 by CD8 lymphocytes in MLR at day 5 (all p &lt; 0.05; Table 1). The proportion of CD8 lymphocytes primed to produce IFNγ was also increased by UPM-stimulation of DCs (p = 0.034). <h3>Conclusion</h3> No evidence of an impaired Tc1 response was seen with UPM-stimulated DCs, in contrast to our previous findings with CD4 T lymphocytes. This may be because CD8 lymphocytes are more primed to respond and produce cytokines at baseline. However, UPM-treatment of DCs did significantly increase DC expression of CCR7, which directs DCs to lymph nodes, and increased the priming of Tc1 and Tc2 responses in the absence of any other stimulation. Inhalation of UPM may give rise to pathological CD8 responses to otherwise innocuous novel antigens.
P1-08-20: Parity Interferes with the Effect of Age at Diagnosis on the Frequency Breast Cancers Are Triple-Negative.
Authors: V Vannevel, O Brouckaert, K Leunen, F Amant, P Berteloot, A-S Dieudonne, A Laenen, H Wildiers, R Paridaens, Limbergen E Van, C Weltens, P Moerman, A Smeets, D Lambrechts, M-R Christiaens, I Vergote, P Neven
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Epidemiologic studies show an age related decrease in the frequency that breast cancers are triple negative (TN) (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER-2 negative). Parity increases the risk of TN breast cancer as a previous full-term pregnancy mainly protects against ER+ breast cancer. It is unknown whether this protective affect appears at all ages of breast cancer diagnosis. We study the frequency of triple negative breast cancers by parity and age at breast cancer diagnosis. Methods We performed a retrospective case-case analysis including 1583 consecutive female patients with primary diagnosis of invasive breast cancer, &amp;lt; 51 years at diagnosis. We compared the frequency of TN tumors between parous (N = 1271) and nulliparous (N = 312) women in three age categories (21 to 30 yrs, 31 to 40 yrs and 41 to 50 yrs). For statistical analysis we used a logistic regression model. Results We confirmed a decrease of TN breast cancer with age (p &amp;lt; 0.0001). This decrease is stronger pronounced in the nulliparous group. Parity favors TN tumors only in women &amp;gt; 40 years at breast cancer diagnosis. Discussion: Although several other factors may affect the frequency breast cancers are TN, age at breast cancer diagnosis interacts with the effect of a previous pregnancy on the frequency breast cancers are TN. Breast cancers in young women (&amp;lt; age 40) may have been initiated long before pregnancy can induce a protective effect against ER-positive cases. The international BCAC has recently accepted to validate our UZ Leuven findings. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-20.