tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Catecholamines, Exercise, and Nitroglycerin on the Normal and Ischemic Myocardium in Conscious Dogs
Authors: Stephen F. Vatner, Robert J. McRitchie, Peter R. Maroko, Thomas A. Patrick, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The effects of isoproterenol, norepinephrine, dobutamine, exercise, and nitroglycerin on left ventricular diameter, pressure, velocity of shortening, dP/dt, dP/dt/P, arterial pressure, left circumflex coronary blood flow, and coronary vascular resistance were examined in healthy conscious dogs with normal coronary perfusion and in the same animals after moderate global ischemia had been induced by partial occlusion of the left main coronary artery. In the normal nonischemic heart, all interventions improved left ventricular performance, as evidenced by increases in dP/dt/P and velocity at the same or lower left ventricular end-diastolic diameter. Interventions, which in the normal heart caused large increases in heart rate and myocardial contractility, e.g. isoproterenol and exercise, or which decreased coronary perfusion pressure, e.g. nitroglycerin or isoproterenol, elicited paradoxical responses in moderate global ischemia, i.e., left ventricular enddiastolic diameter and pressure rose, and dP/dt/P and velocity fell substantially. On the other hand, norepinephrine, which increased coronary perfusion pressure along with myocardial contractility but did not increase heart rate, improved left ventricular function. Dobutamine, which did not alter heart rate or arterial pressure substantially while improving myocardial contractility, produced an intermediate response between that of norepinephrine and isoproterenol in the presence of moderate global myocardial ischemia. Thus, interventions that increase myocardial O(2) requirements, by increasing heart rate and myocardial contractility without augmenting coronary perfusion pressure, can produce a paradoxical depression of ventricular function in the presence of global myocardial ischemia.
The Role of Lysosomes in Inflammation and Disease
Authors: G Weissmann
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1967)

Therefore, this review will limit it­ self to three aspects of this rapidly enlarging field: (a) Iysosomes in tissue injury and inflammation; (b) Iysosomes in immunopathology; and (c) Iyso­ somes in human disease. Lysosomes comprise a heterogeneous group of cyt oplasmic organelles, the ultrastructural appearance of which in tissues depends upon the history of the particle (5). Lysosomes which have not participated in acts of diges tion arc called primary lysosomes, the storage-granule form of which is exempli­
CURRENT TRENDS IN INDUSTRIAL PSYCHIATRY
Authors: LEONARD E. HIMLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

In addition to its basic function as an integral part of the preventive arm of industrial medicine, industrial psychiatry has an active rôle to play in the rapidly growing field of industrial human relations. As the consulting, advisory, educational and therapeutic functions of the industrial psychiatrist are becoming more and more clearly defined, both in the clinical and in the personnel areas, the value of this type of service is becoming firmly established from the economic as well as from the humanitarian point of view.
Psychosocial predictors of long-term success of in-patient pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with COPD
Authors: S Buchi, B Villiger, T Sensky, F Schwarz, C Wolf, C Buddeberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Studies of the long-term outcome of pulmonary rehabilitation have measured quality of life (QOL) mainly as disease-specific functional impairment, but long-term effects on overall satisfaction with health or life have not yet been adequately evaluated. Furthermore, the influence of personality traits on the long-term outcome of pulmonary rehabilitation have not so far been examined. The following questions were studied: 1) What are the short- and long-term effects of a rehabilitation programme on lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second as percentage of predicted (FEV1 % pred)), on satisfaction with life (defined as quality of life), and on health satisfaction (HS)? 2) Are there physical or psychosocial predictors for the success of pulmonary therapy? In this prospective clinical study, baseline data (FEV1 % pred, arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2), QOL, HS, dyspnoea, coping scales) were studied at entry (t1); follow-up on discharge (t2); and 1 yr after hospitalization (t3) in 54 consecutive patients (mean age 64 yrs) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Complete data were obtained at follow-up on 32 subjects. FEV1 % pred improved from 42% (t1) to 52% (t2) (p<0.001) but dropped to 46% at t3 (t1-t3: p<0.05). QOL improved significantly during hospitalization but dropped to initial levels 1 yr after discharge. A significant increase in health satisfaction during hospitalization was maintained at follow-up. Improvements in lung function were greater in patients with higher QOL scores on entry; subjects with the greatest tendency to use wishful thinking as a coping strategy had less improvement. In conclusion, the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on lung function and health satisfaction are positive and enduring. Quality of life and coping have an effect on the long-term outcome of pulmonary rehabilitation, probably as expressions of patients' personality traits.
The Interaction of Parental History of Suicidal Behavior and Exposure to Adoptive Parents' Psychiatric Disorders on Adoptee Suicide Attempt Hospitalizations
Authors: Holly C. Wilcox, S. Janet Kuramoto, David Brent, Bo Runeson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

The authors examined the risk of suicide attempt or other psychiatric hospitalization among adoptees whose biological parents died from or were hospitalized for suicidal behavior (BPSB) relative to adoptees whose biological parents had a psychiatric hospitalization but never for suicide attempt (BPPH). The authors examined whether risk was moderated by having an adoptive parent who had a psychiatric hospitalization during the adoptee's childhood or adolescence.This retrospective cohort study used national longitudinal population-based Swedish registry data from 1973 to 2003 to identify 2,516 adoptees with BPSB and 5,875 adoptees with BPPH. Cox regression models compared the risk for suicide attempt and other psychiatric hospitalization in the two groups.The interaction of BPSB with adoptive mothers' psychiatric hospitalization while the adoptee was younger than 18 years old increased the risk for an adoptee's suicide attempt. Neither BPSB nor psychiatric hospitalization among adoptive mothers alone placed adoptees at greater risk for suicide attempt hospitalizations. The interaction results were specific to adoptee suicide attempt.Exposure to the hospitalization of an adoptive mother because of a psychiatric disorder amplified an adoptee's risk for suicide attempt hospitalization among those adoptees at high genetic risk of suicide or suicide attempt. These results imply that suicide attempts among those at biological risk might be prevented with the early recognition and care of parental psychiatric illness.
siRNA-Based Therapy Ameliorates Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Hideki Shimizu, Yuichi Hori, Shinya Kaname, Koei Yamada, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Satoru Matsumoto, Kanjiro Miyata, Makoto Oba, Akira Yamada, Kazunori Kataoka, Toshiro Fujita
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2010)

RNA interference by short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) holds promise as a therapeutic strategy, but use of siRNAs in vivo remains limited. Here, we developed a system to target delivery of siRNAs to glomeruli via poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lysine)-based vehicles. The siRNA/nanocarrier complex was approximately 10 to 20 nm in diameter, a size that would allow it to move across the fenestrated endothelium to access to the mesangium. After intraperitoneal injection of fluorescence-labeled siRNA/nanocarrier complexes, we detected siRNAs in the blood circulation for a prolonged time. Repeated intraperitoneal administration of a mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) siRNA/nanocarrier complex suppressed glomerular MAPK1 mRNA and protein expression in a mouse model of glomerulonephritis; this improved kidney function, reduced proteinuria, and ameliorated glomerular sclerosis. Furthermore, this therapy reduced the expression of the profibrotic markers TGF-beta1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and fibronectin. In conclusion, we successfully silenced intraglomerular genes with siRNA using nanocarriers. This technique could aid the investigation of molecular mechanisms of renal disease and has potential as a molecular therapy of glomerular diseases.
Long-Term Cardiac Tolerability of Trastuzumab in Metastatic Breast Cancer: The M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Experience
Authors: Valentina Guarneri, Daniel J. Lenihan, Vicente Valero, Jean-Bernard Durand, Kristine Broglio, Kenneth R. Hess, Laura Boehnke Michaud, Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Francisco J. Esteva
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose To evaluate the cardiac safety of long-term trastuzumab therapy in patients with human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) –overexpressing metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treated at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX). Patients and Methods Among 218 MBC patients treated with trastuzumab-based therapy for at least 1 year, 173 patients were assessable for cardiac toxicity. Cardiac events (CEs) were defined as follows: asymptomatic decrease of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below 50%; decrease of 20 percentage points in LVEF compared with the baseline; or signs or symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF). Results The median cumulative time for trastuzumab administration was 21.3 months. The median follow-up was 32.6 months (range, 11.8 to 79.0 months). Forty-nine patients (28%) experienced a CE: three patients (1.7%) had an asymptomatic decrease in the LVEF of 20 percentage points, 27 patients (15.6%) experienced grade 2 cardiac toxicity, and 19 patients (10.9%) experienced grade 3 cardiac toxicity. All but three patients had improved LVEF or symptoms of CHF with trastuzumab discontinuation and appropriate therapy. There was one cardiac-related death (0.5%). Baseline LVEF was significantly associated with CE (hazard ratio, 0.94; P = .001). The hazard of a CE among patients taking concomitant taxanes was higher early in the follow-up period but declined during the course of follow-up. Conclusion The risk of cardiac toxicity of long-term trastuzumab-based therapy is acceptable in this population, and this toxicity is reversible in the majority of the patients. In patients who have experienced a CE, additional treatment with trastuzumab can be considered after recovery of cardiac function.
Segregation, Income Disparities, and Survival in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Paul L. Kimmel, Chyng-Wen Fwu, Paul W. Eggers
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

Social and ecologic factors, such as residential segregation, are determinants of health in the general population, but how these factors associate with outcomes among patients with ESRD is not well understood. Here, we examined associations of income inequality and residence, as social determinants of health, with survival among black and white patients with ESRD. We merged U.S. Renal Data System data from 589,036 patients who started hemodialysis from 2000 through 2008 with race-specific median household income data from the Census Bureau. We used Gini Index coefficients to assess income distributional inequality and the Dissimilarity Index to determine residential segregation. Black patients lived in areas of lower median household income compared with white patients ($26,742 versus $41,922; P<0.001). Residence in areas with higher median household income was associated with improved survival. Among whites, income inequality was associated with mortality. Among blacks exclusively, residence in highly segregated areas was associated with increased mortality. In conclusion, black hemodialysis patients in the United States are particularly susceptible to gradients in income and residential segregation. Interventions directed at highly segregated black neighborhoods might favorably affect hemodialysis patient outcomes.
Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Postmortem Study
Authors: C. Agustí, J. Ramirez, C. Picado, A. Xaubet, E. Carreras, E. Ballester, A. Torres, C. Battochia, R. Rodriguez-Roisin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To define better the syndrome of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), we conducted a postmortem study in 77 patients who died of pulmonary complications, distributed into three groups. Group A included 47 patients with hematologic diseases treated with allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT); Group B, 20 patients with hematologic diseases treated with conventional chemotherapy; and Group C, 10 patients without hematologic diseases. The diagnosis of DAH was established when there was blood in at least 30% of the lung tissue evaluated without evidence of infection or any other pathologic change that could account for its presence. The presence of an associated pulmonary complication was considered only when there was normal lung parenchyma between both blood and the specific lesions. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage was shown in 11 patients in Group A (23%) compared with 1 patient in Group B (5%) (p < 0.05). Of the 11 patients with DAH in Group A, 10 had some associated pulmonary complication: 7 presented with diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), 2 with associated bacterial pneumonia and 1 with invasive aspergillosis, 2 others had an associated cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis, and the remaining patients had an associated herpes pneumonia. There were no clinical differences between patients with and without DAH. Of 8 patients with confirmed DAH in Group A, who had been submitted to a bronchoscopic examination within 1 wk of death, 4 had normal BAL fluid; by contrast, 7 of 13 patients without DAH had hemorrhagic BAL fluid. It is concluded that (1) DAH is a common contributing factor to death in patients treated with allogeneic BMT; (2) DAH usually occurs in association with other pulmonary complications; and (3) the validity of BAL in the diagnosis of DAH appears to be poor in this study.
Genetic and acute CPEB1 depletion ameliorate fragile X pathophysiology
Authors: Tsuyoshi Udagawa, Natalie G Farny, Mira Jakovcevski, Hanoch Kaphzan, Juan Marcos Alarcon, Shobha Anilkumar, Maria Ivshina, Jessica A Hurt, Kentaro Nagaoka, Vijayalaxmi C Nalavadi, Lori J Lorenz, Gary J Bassell, Schahram Akbarian, Sumantra Chattarji, Eric Klann, Joel D Richter
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Antibiotic prescribing is higher in deprived areas of England
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Prescribing of antibiotics has fallen steadily over the past five years in England, but the gap in prescribing levels between the least and most deprived areas is widening, a new analysis indicates.

The charity Antibiotic Research UK and the data analysis company EXASOL used prescribing data released by the government’s Health and Social Care Information Centre on the number of antibiotic prescriptions written by GPs and subsequently dispensed between August 2010 and July 2015. From the data they produced a “heat map” showing the hotspots of antibiotic …
Assessing the safety of drugs for the long-term treatment of peptic ulcers.
Authors: K G Wormsley
Journal: Gut (1984)

Clinical backgroundTwo clinical features of ulcer disease (and related, or associated, diseases such as oesophagitis) are of cardinal importance in determining the nature of anti-ulcer therapy -the tendency of the disease to relapse and the likelihood that repeated relapses will occur for many years: perhaps throughout the lifetime of many patients.At some time during the life of patients with an ulcer, relapse results in haemorrhage in one-third of affected individuals2 and in perforation in about 10%3 so that any relapse is potentially lethal.The aim of the treatment of ulcer disease must therefore be to prevent relapse.At present there is no drug therapy which 'cures' ulcer disease -that is, there is no treatment which is not followed by relapse of the ulcers when treatment is discontinued.On the other hand, it has been repeatedly shown recently that continuous treat- ment with the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine4 or ranitidine5 6can maintain ulcers in remission while other, albeit shorter, studies indicate that continuous treatment with pirenzepine7 8 and sucralphate9 10 can also keep ulcers healed.Even continuous administration of the presently available anti-ulcer drugs for more than five years, however, does not seem to have altered the underlying tendency of ulcers to relapse when treatment is stopped.It seems, therefore that long-term con- tinuous treatment with drugs prevents ulcer relapse only if given for many years and perhaps for life. Implications of long-term therapyDrugs which are going to be used continuously for many years must undergo rigorous testing for toxicity in life-long animal experiments.In addition
Clear eyewear for PUVA patients
Authors: H. Moseley, W. Perkins
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Clear eyewear for PUVA patients Get access H. Moseley, H. Moseley West of Scotland Health Boards, Department of Clinical Physics and Bio‐Engineering, 11 West Graham Street, Glasgow G4 9LF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Perkins W. Perkins Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 6, 1 December 1992, Page 657, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb14885.x Published: 01 December 1992
Effects of Protein Intake on the Progression of Renal Disease
Authors: S Klahr
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1989)

In summary, protein restriction appears to be of benefit in certain types of renal disease. Studies measuring GFR and using a concomitant control group are necessary to answer this question with certainty, however. The mechanisms by which changes in dietary protein influence the progression of renal insufficiency have not been defined. Further studies are needed to identify those patients and renal diseases that may benefit from dietary restriction of protein. Long-term studies designed to assess carefully the nutritional impact of prolonged periods of protein restriction on individuals with renal insufficiency are also required.
<sup>18</sup>Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Prediction of Relapse in Patients With High-Risk, Clinical Stage I Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors: Preliminary Report of MRC Trial TE22—The NCRI Testis Tumour Clinical Study Group
Authors: Robert A. Huddart, Michael J. O'Doherty, Anwar Padhani, Gordon J.S. Rustin, Graham M. Mead, Johnathan K. Joffe, Paul Vasey, Stephen J. Harland, John Logue, Gedske Daugaard, Sharon F. Hain, Sarah J. Kirk, Jane E. MacKewn, Sally P. Stenning
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

There are several management options for patients with clinical stage I (CS1) nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT); this study examined whether an 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG PET) scan could identify patients without occult metastatic disease for whom surveillance is an attractive option.High-risk (lymphovascular invasion positive) patients with CS1 NSGCT underwent 18FDG PET scanning within 8 weeks of orchidectomy or marker normalization. PET-positive patients went off study; PET-negative patients were observed on a surveillance program. The primary outcome measure was the 2-year relapse-free rate (RFR) in patients with a negative PET scan (the negative predictive value). Assuming an RFR of 90% to exclude an RFR less than 80% with approximately 90% power, 100 PET-negative patients were required; 135 scanned patients were anticipated.Patients were registered between May 2002 and January 2005, when the trial was stopped by the independent data monitoring committee due to an unacceptably high relapse rate in the PET-negative patients. Of 116 registered patients, 111 underwent PET scans, and 88 (79%) were PET-negative (61% of preorchidectomy marker-negative patients v 88% of marker-positive patients; P = .002); 87 proceeded to surveillance, and one requested adjuvant chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 12 months, 33 of 87 patients on surveillance relapsed (1-year RFR, 63%; 90% CI, 54% to 72%).Though PET identified some patients with disease not detected by computed tomography scan, the relapse rate among PET negative patients remains high. The results show that 18FDG PET scanning is not sufficiently sensitive to identify patients at low risk of relapse in this setting.
Effect of internal sodium and cellular calcium load on voltage-dependence of the Indo-1 transient in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes
Authors: A. J. Levi, J. Li, S. E. Litwin, K. W. Spitzer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

To investigate the effect of altering internal Na and cell Ca load on the voltage-dependence of the intracellular Ca transient.Ventricular myocytes were isolated enzymatically from the guinea-pig heart. They were patch clamped and dialysed internally with pipette solutions which contained either 0 or 10 or 20 mM Na. Intracellular Ca was monitored with Indo-1 and experiments were carried out at 36 degrees C. A standard level of Ca loading was established before each test pulse by applying a train of conditioning pulses. The voltage-dependence of the Cai (Indo-1) transient provided information about the mechanisms which trigger Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).The voltage-dependence of L-type Ca current (ICa.L) was assessed in separate experiments by dialysing myocytes with a Cs-based solution. ICa.L had a maximum amplitude at 0 mV, declined at more positive potentials and there was little net inward ICa.L at +100 mV. The rapid initial phasic component of the Indo-1 transient was abolished by ryanodine/thapsigargin; therefore, this component reflected the magnitude of SR Ca release. In cells dialysed with 10 mM Na, the voltage-dependence of the Indo-1 transient was different from ICa.L. The Indo-1 transient became maximal at +20 mV, and the decline of the Indo-1 transient at positive potentials was less steep than the decline of ICa.L. A large proportion of the phasic Indo-1 transient could remain at positive potentials where there was no detectable ICa.L. Increasing dialysing Na from 10 to 20 mM led to a marked change in voltage-dependence of the Indo-1 transient. With 20 mM Na, the amplitude of the phasic Indo-1 transient remained large between +20 and +100 mV. Removing Na from the pipette dialysis solution had the opposite effect on voltage-dependence of the transient. For each dialysing [Na], the level of cellular and SR Ca content was altered by varying the potential of conditioning pulses applied before each test pulse. There was no significant effect on voltage-dependence of the Indo-1 transient of either increasing or reducing the cellular Ca content.These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the voltage-dependence of the Cai transient results from the sum of the voltage-dependencies of the two main trigger mechanisms--Ica.L and reverse Na/Ca exchange. When a myocyte was dialysed with Na-free solution, the voltage-dependence of the Cai transient became more similar (but not identical) to that for ICa.L. With 20 mM Na dialysis, the altered voltage-dependence of the Cai transient may reflect an increased trigger influence of reverse Na/Ca exchange.