tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of somatostatin receptors in normal and cirrhotic human liver and in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: H Reynaert
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Somatostatin analogues have been used with conflicting results to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate expression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes in human liver, and to examine the effect of selective SSTR agonists on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of hepatoma cells (HepG2, HuH7) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). <b>Methods:</b> Expression of SSTRs in cell lines, normal and cirrhotic liver, and HCC was examined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Effects of SSTR agonists on proliferation and apoptosis of tumour cells and HSCs were assessed by the 5-bromo-2′ deoxyuridine and TUNEL methods, respectively. The influence of SSTR agonists on migration was investigated using Boyden chambers. <b>Results:</b> In normal liver, both hepatocytes and HSCs were negative for all five SSTRs. Cirrhotic liver and HCC as well as cultured hepatoma cells and HSCs expressed all five SSTRs, both at the protein and mRNA levels, except for HuH7 cells which did not immunoreact with SSTR3. None of the agonists influenced proliferation or apoptosis. However, compared with untreated cells, L-797,591, an SSTR1 agonist, reduced migration of HepG2, HuH7, and HSCs significantly to 88 (7)% (p&lt;0.05), 83 (11)% (p&lt;0.05), and 67 (13)% (p&lt;0.01), respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Cirrhotic liver and HCC express SSTRs. Although the somatostatin analogues used in this study did not affect proliferation and apoptosis, stimulation of SSTR1 may decrease invasiveness of HCC by reducing migration of hepatoma cells and/or HSCs. Clinical trials evaluating somatostatin analogues for the treatment of HCC should take these findings into account.
JURL-MK1 (c-kithigh/CD30−/CD40−) and JURL-MK2 (c-kitlow/CD30+/CD40+) cell lines: ‘two-sided’ model for investigating leukemic megakaryocytopoiesis
Authors: R Di Noto, L Luciano, C Lo Pardo, F Ferrara, F Frigeri, O Mercuro, ML Lombardi, F Pane, C Vacca, C Manzo, F Salvatore, B Rotoli, L Del Vecchio
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Circulating immune complexes in sera of children with neuroblastoma: correlation with stage of disease.
Authors: W E Brandeis, L Helson, Y Wang, R A Good, N K Day
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The presence of circulating immune complexes (ICS) in freshly drawn sera of 67 children with neuroblastoma was studied by the Raji cell radioimmunoassay of Theofilopoulos et al. (J. Clin. Invest. 57: 169--182), with particular emphasis on the correlation of levels of ICS with stage of disease and changes attributable to treatment. There was a close correlation between amount of complexes and stage of disease and treatment. Levels of ICS increased as the stage of the disease advanced, and were significantly higher (P less than 0.005) in stage IV than in all other stages combined. When patients with stage IV disease were subdivided into "before," "during," and "after" treatment groups, there was a significant decrease in ICS levels as treatment progressed. Studies of complement and complement components did not give such a clear relationship. A significant decrease of hemolytic C1 values was found in patients with "active disease" compared to normal age-matched controls. Some high C3 levels, determined immunochemically, were associated with low hemolytic levels of C3, which were attributed to C3 cleavage detected by immunoelectrophoresis. Based on our survival data, ICS, which were significantly different in 20 patients now decreased when compared to those of other patients, are very valuable in the prognosis of neuroblastoma.
Effects of Moderate Alcohol Intake on Fasting Insulin and Glucose Concentrations and Insulin Sensitivity in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Michael J. Davies, David J. Baer, Joseph T. Judd, Ellen D. Brown, William S. Campbell, Philip R. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Epidemiologic data demonstrate that moderate alcohol intake is associated with improved insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic individuals. No controlled-diet studies have addressed the effects of daily moderate alcohol consumption on fasting insulin and glucose concentrations and insulin sensitivity.To determine whether daily consumption of low to moderate amounts of alcohol influences fasting insulin and glucose concentrations and insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic postmenopausal women.Randomized controlled crossover trial of 63 healthy postmenopausal women, conducted at a clinical research center in Maryland between 1998 and 1999.Participants were randomly assigned to consume 0, 15, or 30 g/d of alcohol for 8 weeks each as part of a controlled diet. All foods and beverages were provided during the intervention. An isocaloric beverage was provided in the 0-g/d arm. Energy intake was adjusted to maintain constant body weight.Fasting insulin, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations, measured at the end of each dietary period; insulin sensitivity, estimated with a published index of glucose disposal rate corrected for fat-free mass based on fasting insulin and fasting triglyceride concentrations, compared among treatments with a mixed-model analysis of variance.A complete set of plasma samples was collected and analyzed for 51 women who completed all diet treatments. Consumption of 30 g/d of alcohol compared with 0 g/d reduced fasting insulin concentration by 19.2% (P =.004) and triglyceride concentration by 10.3% (P =.001), and increased insulin sensitivity by 7.2% (P =.002). Normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals responded similarly. Only fasting triglyceride concentration was significantly reduced when comparing 0 and 15 g/d of alcohol (7.8%; P =.03), and no difference was found between consumption of 15 and 30 g/d of alcohol; however, there was a significant linear trend (P =.001). Fasting glucose concentrations were not different across treatments.Consumption of 30 g/d of alcohol (2 drinks per day) has beneficial effects on insulin and triglyceride concentrations and insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic postmenopausal women.
SOME ATYPICAL FORMS OF DISEASE.
Authors: JAMES L. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1902)

One of the fields of largest promise to the medical investigator of the future is that which holds the secrets of attenuation and malignancy of germs which cause infectious diseases. While laboratory processes have shed some light on this interesting subject, the fact remains that diseases spring up, prevail for a time in mild, severe or malignant form, and finally disappear according to laws that, for all practical sanitary purposes, are yet unknown. On the first appearance of a disease, no one can tell whether it will prove to be sporadic or epidemic, benign or virulent, of widely extended or only local prevalence. Extreme virulence may stamp a brief sporadic outbreak, while a very benign infection may be widespread and of long duration. Or—as happens more frequently—these conditions may be exactly reversed. Nevertheless, the term "epidemic constitution" so long used by the older writers to explain these conditions, or rather
Increased Bronchoalveolar IgG-Secreting Cells in Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: E. Clinton Lawrence, R. Russell Martin, R. Michael Blaese, Robert B. Teague, Robert J. Awe, R. Keith Wilson, William J. Deaton, Kim Bloom, S. Donald Greenberg, Paul M. Stevens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The interstitial lung diseases are a heterogenous group of disorders largely of unknown cause, characterized by interstitial inflammatory-cell infiltration and resultant pulmonary fibrosis.1 An immunologic basis for these diseases has been suggested by the frequent association of autoimmune phenomena1 and the finding of increased inflammatory cells and proteins, particularly immunoglobulins,2 3 in the bronchoalveolar-lavage fluids of such patients.We have previously described a reverse hemolytic plaque assay4 that measures cells actively secreting class-specific immunoglobulin, and the use of this technique to define immunoglobulin-secretory function in normal lungs. By this means, cells actively secreting immunoglobulin have been identified as normal residents of . . .
A 20-year prospective study of cirrhosis.
Authors: J B Saunders, J R Walters, A P Davies, A Paton
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A total of 512 people from a defined population in west Birmingham served by a district general hospital were found to have cirrhosis in the period 1959-76. The annual incidence rose from 5.6 per 100 000 to a peak of 15.3 per 100 000 in 1974. This was due to an increase in the incidence of alcoholic cirrhosis, which in the last six years accounted for two-thirds of cases. The proportion of patients with decompensated cirrhosis when first seen (65%) did not alter during the 18 years. This was reflected in a death rate of 78% among the 468 patients traced up to the end of 1978. Liver failure, hepatoma, and gastrointestinal haemorrhage accounted for almost three-quarters of the deaths. The proportion of patients who survived for five years was 36% for alcoholic cirrhosis, 14% for cryptogenic cirrhosis, and 60% for chronic active hepatitis, and these figures too remained constant throughout the 18 years. Modern methods of treatment for decompensated cirrhosis did not improve prognosis and only abstention in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis had a beneficial effect on survival. Since alcoholic cirrhosis is now the most common form of the disease it is important to recognise those at risk and to encourage abstinence; also, more efforts are needed to identify the causes of cryptogenic cirrhosis. Whatever the cause, cirrhosis needs to be diagnosed before decompensation occurs, if treatment is to have any effect.
Remarks upon the Advantage of the Employment of Wire Ligatures for the Approximation of Divided Bones
Authors: T. Sympson
Journal: BMJ (1882)

of foreign insoluble bodies or gall-stones, for twists and internal hernioe, laparotomy, performed early, offers the best and almost the only chance, if the strangulation be acute; and I believe the time will soon come when this operation will take its place in surgery side by side with the parallel operation of kelotomy for external strangulated hernia.It is a question of diagnosis.Let us, then, strive to make our diagnosis of these grave cases more thorough and more certain.
Abdominal tuberculosis in urban Britain--a common disease.
Authors: K R Palmer, D H Patil, G S Basran, J F Riordan, D B Silk
Journal: Gut (1985)

Between 1973 and 1983 abdominal tuberculosis was responsible for the admission of 90 patients to a west London district general hospital. Over the same period Crohn's disease was newly diagnosed in 102 hospitalised patients. In contrast with Crohn's disease, the majority (75) of tuberculous patients were Asian immigrants. Mean duration of residence in the United Kingdom was 4 +/- 0.9 (SD) years, and mean age at presentation was 34.9 +/- 1.1 years. Forty per cent of tuberculosis patients presented as an acute emergency to physicians, surgeons, or gynaecologists while the remainder presented a more insidious, chronic picture. Five groups of tuberculous patients were recognised. Forty two subjects had intestinal tuberculosis characterised by pain (100%), abdominal mass (43%) and abnormal contrast radiology (100%). Ten of these underwent emergency laparotomy for intestinal obstruction or perforation. Twenty seven patients had tuberculous peritonitis although only 16 had ascites. Eight patients presented with pyrexia and granulomatous hepatitis. Five had pulmonary and abdominal tuberculosis. The remaining eight patients represented a miscellaneous group. The diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis was established histologically (60 cases), bacteriologically (six cases) or radiologically (24 cases). Chest radiograph, tuberculin skin testing and paracentesis were usually unhelpful. Five severely ill patients died. The remainder recovered completely after specific triple chemotherapy and response to treatment was usually evident within 14 days. In urban Britain tuberculosis is an important cause of abdominal disease. Prognosis is excellent following specific therapy.
The constancy of the alpha-1-acid glycoprotein variants of normal adults under conditions of severe stress.
Authors: K Tokita, J F Burke, H Yoshizaki, S Fischer, K Schmid
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

The nonspecific increase in the blood level of a1- acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) and other plasma proteins observed in many unrelated disease states has been documented and reviewed repeatedly (1-5).1 Evidence has been presented that the in- crease of the a1-acid glycoprotein 2 is due to an augmented biosynthesis (9), which in turn is a consequence of the increased formation of the corresponding specific messenger RNA (10).The structure of this glycoprotein, however, has been assumed to be unchanged.Recently, it was shown that a1-acid glycoprotein reveals three types of variant patterns, and the variants appear to be genetically controlled (11).The determination of certain aspects of the structure of this protein derived from normal individuals, namely the sialic acid content and the type of its variants before, during, and after a period of considerable stress, should provide support for the genetic control of the structure of a,-acid glycoprotein.
Process Problems in Community Psychiatry
Authors: E. WILLIAM HAUSER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

A psychoanalytic view of the community mental health agency is presented. Particular process problems can arise in agency/community (analyst/patient) relations, internal administrative and paperwork problems, and personnel conflicts leading to "agency neurosis." If the agency is to conduct its community mental health functions optimally, it must first have a clear sense of its own identity and purpose.
Is There an Epidemic of Chronic Candidiasis in Our Midst?
Authors: Edward R. Blonz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

THERE IS a growing underground of public controversy surrounding the reputed presence of a "new epidemic." This epidemic involves chronic candidiasis, a condition in which there is an overgrowth of and systemic invasion by the yeast organism<i>Candida albicans</i>. The<i>Candida</i>organism is ubiquitous in our environment, is a normal inhabitant of the large intestine, and is typically the identifiable organism in vaginal yeast infections (vulvovaginal candidiasis). Of late, a growing popular connotation of "candidiasis" is no longer limited to the female malady. It has come to signify a chronic condition with a new panoply of symptoms. Perhaps the original proponent of this popular<i>Candida</i>theory is C. O. Truss, MD, of Birmingham, Ala.<sup>1</sup>His hypothesis states that a number of conditions, such as an overuse of antibiotics, will decrease<i>Candida's</i>naturally occurring competitors in the large intestine. This creates an imbalance and facilitates an overgrowth of the<i>Candida</i>
Functional activity and expression of the myocardial postreceptor adenylyl cyclase system in pressure overload hypertrophy in rat
Authors: S. R. Holmer, G. Bruckschlegel, H. Schunkert, D. B. Rataj, E. P. Kromer, G. A.J. Riegger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional regulation of the myocardial postreceptor adenylyl cyclase (AC) system in compensated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the effect of long-term angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Pressure overload LVH was induced in rats by supravalvular aortic banding for 12 weeks. At 12 weeks left ventricular function and inner diameters were analyzed by echocardiography of anesthetized animals, and responsiveness to forskolin (systolic developed pressure) was determined in isolated perfused hearts. Functional activities of AC and the stimulatory G protein Gs were measured as well as mRNA expression (quantitative slot blot analyses) of AC type V, isoforms of Gsα and Giα2. G protein α-subunits were also quantified by immunoblotting. Rats were treated with ramipril (Ram, 10 mg/kg per day p.o.) during weeks 7 to 12 to induce regression of LVH or with vehicle (Veh, tap water). Pressure overload induced severe LVH (3.2 ± 0.09 g/kg in Veh vs. 1.8 ± 0.03 in sham; P < 0.05) which was significantly reduced by ramipril (2.7 ± 0.09; P < 0.05 vs. Veh). In-vivo left ventricular function and diameters were unchanged in LVH. In contrast, in hearts with LVH, responsiveness of left ventricles to forskolin was attenuated and basal, GTPγS and forskolin as well as manganese chloride-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity was significantly downregulated by approximately 40% (basal 20.8 ± 1.9 pmol cAMP/mg per min vs. 34.0 ± 2.2 in sham; P < 0.01). However, no significant changes of AC type V mRNA were found in hypertrophied left ventricles. Functional activity of the stimulatory G protein Gs was reduced in LVH (48 ± 7 pmol cAMP/mg per min in Veh vs. 68 ± 3 in sham), whereas mRNA expression of long and short Gsα-isoforms was not altered and that of Giα2 was only slightly increased in ramipril-treated animals. Western analysis showed no significant differences of Gsα or Giα2 subunits. Long-term blockade of the renin-angiotensin system had no effect on the activity of the adenylyl cyclase system. Functional desensitization of adenylyl cyclase and stimulatory G protein occurred in rat adaptive LVH prior to the onset of severe left ventricular dysfunction which was not restored by ACE-inhibitor treatment. The desensitization seems not to be mediated by significant changes of mRNA expression of AC type V or abundance of regulatory G proteins.
Thymic carcinoma and aplastic anemia: Report of a previously undocumented association
Authors: C. Vicky Thomas, J. Carlos Manivel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract A case of thymic carcinoma documented after a 6‐year history of aplastic anemia is reported. The anemia responded initially to steroids and antithymocyte globulin. The carcinoma may have arisen in a previous undetected thymoma; alternatively, an underlying abnormality, presumably immunologic, played a role in the development of the anemia and the thymic carcinoma.
Environment Adds to Challenges Facing Desert Shield Physicians
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1991)

HOSTILE WEAPONS aren't the only threat to the forces arrayed against Iraq in this fateful first month of 1991. For nearly 6 months, US military physicians, dental personnel, nurses, and corpsmen have been applying preventive and therapeutic measures against more than a score of potential environmental illness or injury threats. The fact that none of these threats has put any appreciable number of US military people out of action, physicians say, is a tribute to the unit commanders' and the troops' understanding of and compliance with primary preventive measures. Richard A. Mayo, MD, a US Navy captain who commands Fleet Hospital 5 somewhere in Saudi Arabia, attributes this in large part to today's "well educated, well disciplined" all-volunteer US military forces. Both James A. Zimble, MD, the vice admiral who is surgeon general of the US Navy, and Frank F. Ledford, Jr, MD, the lieutenant general who is surgeon general
Investigating Feed-Forward Neural Regulation of Circulation From Analysis of Spontaneous Arterial Pressure and Heart Rate Fluctuations
Authors: Jacopo M. Legramante, Gianfranco Raimondi, Michele Massaro, Salvatore Cassarino, Giuseppe Peruzzi, Ferdinando Iellamo
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Analysis of spontaneous fluctuations in systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and pulse interval (PI) reveals the occurrence of sequences of consecutive beats characterized by SAP and PI changing in the same (+PI/+SAP and −PI/−SAP) or opposite (−PI/+SAP and +PI/−SAP) direction. Although the former reflects baroreflex regulatory mechanisms, the physiological meaning of −PI/+SAP and +PI/−SAP is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that −PI/+SAP and +PI/−SAP “nonbaroreflex” sequences represent a phenomenon modulated by the autonomic nervous system reflecting a feed-forward mechanism of cardiovascular regulation. Methods and Results —We studied anesthetized rabbits before and after (1) complete autonomic blockade (guanethidine+propranolol+atropine, n=13; CAB), (2) sympathetic blockade (guanethidine+propranolol, n=15; SB), (3) parasympathetic blockade (atropine, n=16), (4) sinoaortic denervation (n=10; SAD), and (5) controlled respiration (n=10; CR). Nonbaroreflex sequences were defined as ≥3 beats in which SAP and PI of the following beat changed in the opposite direction. CAB reduced the number of nonbaroreflex sequences (19.1±12.3 versus 88.7±36.6, P &lt;0.05), as did SB (25.3±11.7 versus 84.6±23.9, P &lt;0.001) and atropine (11.2±6.8 versus 94.1±32.4, P &lt;0.05). SB concomitantly increased baroreflex sensitivity (1.18±0.11 versus 0.47±0.09 ms/mm Hg, P &lt;0.01). SAD and CR did not significantly affect their occurrence. Conclusions —These results suggest that nonbaroreflex sequences represent the expression of an integrated, neurally mediated, feed-forward type of short-term cardiovascular regulation able to interact dynamically with the feedback mechanisms of baroreflex origin in the control of heart period.
Intraepithelial Carcinoma of the Oesophagus: Endoscopic Morphology
Authors: Ph. Monnier, M. Savary, R. Pasche, P. Anani
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

The endoscopic detection of 18 "early" hypopharyngo-oesophageal carcinomas, has allowed us to perform a detailed study of the morphological correlation between endoscopy and histology (in 10 cases). We have thus defined 4 different endoscopic types of intraepithelial carcinomas; their morphology, mapping and evolution are greatly variable. In high risk groups (heavy smoking and alcohol consumption, ENt-cancer) the multicentricity of intraepithelial carcinomas (80%) entails a thorough endoscopic screening of the upper digestive tract (mouth, pharynx, oesophagus) and of the lower respiratory tract (larynx, trachea and bronchi).
New Recommendation for Adult Immunization
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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Letter by Iqbal and Serruys Regarding Article, “Postprocedural Aortic Regurgitation in Balloon-Expandable and Self-Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Procedures: Analysis of Predictors and Impact on Long-Term Mortality: Insights From the FRANCE2 Registry”
Authors: Javaid Iqbal, Patrick W Serruys
Journal: Circulation (2015)