tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gold-Coated NIR Stents in Porcine Coronary Arteries
Authors: Elazer R. Edelman, Philip Seifert, Adam Groothuis, Alisa Morss, Danielle Bornstein, Campbell Rogers
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —As endovascular stents are altered to add functionality, eg, by adding radiopaque coatings, biocompatibility may suffer. Methods and Results —We examined the vascular response in porcine coronary arteries to stainless steel gold-coated NIR stents (7-cell, Medinol, Inc). Stents, 9 and 16 mm in length, were left bare or coated with a 7-μm layer of gold. Physical and material effects were examined in four different gold-coated stent types, two at each length that either had the coating applied to the standard strut, ie, gold coated thicker than controls, or had the coating applied to thinned struts, ie, gold coated of the same thickness as control struts. Simple gold coating exacerbated intimal hyperplastic and inflammatory reactions over 28 days, but postplating thermal processing smoothed the coating surface and negated the adverse tissue response to gold. The relative amounts of base steel and gold coating and their resistances to expansion and collapse determined the extent of stent recoil. Conclusions —Gold coatings enhance the radiopacity of steel stents, but not without effects on vascular repair. Material effects predominate and can be abrogated by heating coated stents to alter surface finish and material purity. Clinical results may suffer unless consideration is given to material and physical effects of gold.
Risk of HIV infection from transfusion with blood negative for HIV antibody in a west African city.
Authors: D. Savarit, K. M. De Cock, R. Schutz, S. Konate, E. Lackritz, A. Bondurand
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To estimate the risk of infection with HIV (HIV 1 or HIV 2, or both) from transfusion of a screened unit of blood in a high prevalence area in west Africa.Retrospective cohort study for January-July 1991.National Blood Transfusion Centre, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.Repeat donors (5831 units of blood) and first time donors (5076 units) in the first five months of 1991.Prevalence and estimated incidence of HIV infection in repeat and first time donors; estimated rate of potentially infected, HIV antibody negative units; and rate of (false negative) potentially infected units assuming a laboratory test sensitivity of 99%.Overall HIV prevalence was 11.0% in first time donors and 2.1% in repeat donors. In the first seven months of 1991, 29 HIV antibody positive (27 HIV 1, 1 HIV 2, 1 dually reactive) donors with a seronegative unit of blood earlier in the year were identified; 26 had donated blood eight weeks or less before their estimated dates of seroconversion and may have been infectious (minimum rate 26/5831 (4.5/1000 potentially infected units)). Estimated incidence of infection in repeat donors was 1.2-2.5%. Laboratory test insensitivity would result in an estimated 1.1/1000 false negative units from first time donors and 0.2/1000 units from regular donors. The overall rate of potentially infected units (all donors, seroconversions, and errors) was estimated at 5.4-10.6/1000.The risk of HIV infection from a single unit of blood remains substantial (5.4-10.6/1000 units). To prevent infection from blood transfusion in areas of high incidence and prevalence of HIV all but absolutely essential transfusions should be avoided, and donors with low incidence of HIV infection should be selected.
An Address on the Proposed Medical Acts Amendment Bill
Authors: J. P. Williams-Freeman
Journal: BMJ (1904)

Here we have a young man apparently in good health without any preliminary signs or symptoms of lead poisoning, suddenly struck down by the most severe of convulsions, which terminate in his death.Has lead a special predilec- tion for the nervous system in certain individuals?If so, are we to regard the convulsions as due to the direct irrita- tion of the lead upon the nervous system, or may we look upon the convulsions, as in the case of uraemia, due to auto- intoxication from the retention of harmful substances due to defective renal metabolism?REFERENCES.
Histologic eosinophilic gastritis is a systemic disorder associated with blood and extragastric eosinophilia, TH2 immunity, and a unique gastric transcriptome
Authors: Julie M. Caldwell, Margaret H. Collins, Emily M. Stucke, Philip E. Putnam, James P. Franciosi, Jonathan P. Kushner, J. Pablo Abonia, Marc E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
A novel dispersin protein in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli
Authors: Jalaluddin Sheikh, John R. Czeczulin, Susan Harrington, Susan Hicks, Ian R. Henderson, Chantal Le Bouguénec, Pierre Gounon, Alan Phillips, James P. Nataro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is a diarrheal pathogen defined by its characteristic aggregative adherence (AA) to HEp-2 cells in culture. We have previously shown that EAEC strains secrete a 10-kDa protein that is immunogenic in a human EAEC challenge model. We report here that this protein is encoded by a gene (called aap) lying immediately upstream of that encoding the AggR transcriptional activator, and that aap is under AggR control. The product of aap has a typical signal sequence and is secreted to the extracellular milieu, where it remains noncovalently attached to the surface of the bacterium. EAEC aap mutants aggregate more intensely than the wild-type parent in a number of assays, forming larger aggregates and fewer individual bacteria. Infection of colonic biopsies with wild-type EAEC strain 042 and its aap mutant revealed more dramatic autoagglutination of the mutant compared with the wild-type parent. Our data suggest that the aap gene product participates in formation of a surface coat that acts to disperse the bacteria, thus partially counteracting aggregation mediated by aggregative adherence fimbriae. We have therefore named the aap gene product "dispersin," and we propose that it may be representative of a functional class of colonization factors. Since dispersin is expressed in vivo, is highly immunogenic, and is present in most EAEC strains, it holds considerable promise as an EAEC immunogen.
Disciplinary attitudes and cigarette smoking: a comparison of two schools
Authors: V G Tirlapur
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Disciplinary attitudes and cigarette smoking: a comparison of two schools SIR,-I agree with Dr Alan Porter's suggestion (1 1 December, p 1725) that measures that reduce the exposure of an uncommitted adolescent to peer group smoking may de- crease the chances of tobacco dependence in childhood.The recognition of the immediate rather than long term harmful effects of smoking is an important consideration in persuading patients not to smoke, and parental attitudes and smoking behaviour influence a child's propensity to smoke.'Most smokers begin smoking before the age of 20, and those who have not smoked before this age are un- likely to begin.2 3 Our unpublished data on the effects of smoking on cardiorespiratory dis- orders suggest that smoking does much more harm to younger patients than to middle aged patients and that-over the age of 60 there is no difference between smokers and non-smokers.This suggests that a preventive approach must be directed at those in the first two decades of life and "no smoking" should become a family affair in view of the fact that young people are much less likely to smoke when neither parent does.
TrkB Regulates Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Governs Sensitivity to Antidepressive Treatment
Authors: Yun Li, Bryan W. Luikart, Shari Birnbaum, Jian Chen, Chang-Hyuk Kwon, Steven G. Kernie, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Luis F. Parada
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Medical union condemns contract for Cuban doctors to work in Portugal as "slavery"
Authors: T. Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A Portuguese doctors’ union has denounced a deal between the Portuguese and Cuban governments allowing 43 Cuban doctors to work in Portuguese primary healthcare centres. 

The union claims the doctors may not be properly qualified to work as general practitioners and says they are working under conditions the union considers to be “slavery.”

The doctors began arriving in August 2009 to work in areas of Portugal that find it difficult to attract doctors to work there. In many cases the existing GP is either close to retirement age or wants to take early retirement.

Cuban doctors are not qualified to work as general practitioners, Joao Moura Reis, regional secretary of the Independent Union of Doctors for the Portuguese Region of Alentejo told the BMJ . Dr …
"Runche": Cultural Problems of Deprivation
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In Nepal, a high percentage of children from 1 to 4 years of age were afflicted with "runche," a crying syndrome traditionally interpreted as the result of a spell placed on them when touched by a pregnant woman. These miserable, whining children refused to eat and were underweight. The condition often followed episodes of diarrhea and fever or measles. The traditional treatment included a series of early morning baths. Study indicated that these children were undernourished, and the establishment of a program of adequate nutrition resolved the "runche" problem before marasmus or khwashiorkor supervened, according to Bomgaars (p 2513). The disfranchised complement of the population, namely children, is at the mercy of the environs almost regardless of the culture. In cultures supposedly of high development, children are battered and beaten without much in the way of general interest, except for those few who have concerned themselves. Usually, battered children are
Mortality associated with diastolic hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.
Authors: G H Rutan, L H Kuller, J D Neaton, D N Wentworth, R H McDonald, W M Smith
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The large cohort of white men (317,871) 35 to 57 years old at initial screening for possible enrollment into the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) was examined with regard to initial blood pressure levels and subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and all-cause mortality. The overall prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) less than 90 mm Hg, was 0.67% among white men screened for MRFIT and increased with age (0.31% among 35- to 39-year-olds to 1.7% among 55- to 57-year-olds). The 6 year CHD and all-cause mortality rates in men over 50 were highest in those with ISH compared with both subjects with diastolic hypertension and those with normal pressure. The relative risk of death from stroke in those with ISH, compared with that in those with SBP less than 160 mm Hg and those with DBP less than 90 mm Hg, was 3.0 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 6.8). In addition, at any level of DBP, the level of SBP appeared to be the major determinant of all-cause and CHD mortality. The determinants of ISH in individuals under 60 years of age as well as the possible efficacy of its treatment should be evaluated further.
OSKIRA-4: a phase IIb randomised, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of fostamatinib monotherapy
Authors: Peter C Taylor, Mark C Genovese, Mike Greenwood, Meilien Ho, Evgeny Nasonov, Barry Oemar, Rumen Stoilov, Jiri Vencovsky, Michael Weinblatt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> OSKIRA-4 evaluated the efficacy of fostamatinib monotherapy versus placebo on the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis over 6 weeks by Disease Activity Score C reactive protein (DAS-28(CRP)) and assessed non-inferiority to adalimumab monotherapy at Week 24 by DAS-28(CRP). <h3>Methods</h3> Overall, 279 patients not currently taking disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs were randomised to: (A) fostamatinib 100 mg twice daily for 24 weeks plus placebo injection every 2 weeks (PBOI); (B) fostamatinib 100 mg twice daily for 4 weeks, then 150 mg once daily up to Week 24, plus PBOI; (C) fostamatinib 100 mg twice daily for 4 weeks, then 100 mg once daily up to Week 24, plus PBOI; (D) adalimumab 40 mg every 2 weeks for 24 weeks, plus oral placebo twice daily; or (E) oral placebo twice daily for 6 weeks, plus PBOI, then a switch to arm A or B. <h3>Results</h3> Fostamatinib demonstrated a significant improvement in DAS-28(CRP) score from baseline versus placebo at Week 6 for arms A and B, but not C. Fostamatinib was significantly less effective than adalimumab at Week 24 based on DAS-28(CRP). Adverse events observed with fostamatinib treatment were consistent with those reported in previous studies, including hypertension and diarrhoea. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Fostamatinib demonstrated efficacy as monotherapy, showing superior DAS-28(CRP) score changes between baseline and 6 weeks when compared with placebo in treatment arms A and B. However, all fostamatinib regimens demonstrated inferior responses compared with adalimumab at Week 24. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01264770.
Value of test for antinuclear antibodies in rheumatic diseases.
Authors: M M Steven, L G Teh, L S Teh, T Pullar, J J Belch, D Lewis, J Parker, A Zoma
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Value of test for antinuclear antibodies in rheumatic diseasesAntibodies to nuclear antigens that fluoresce on testing are useful in diagnosing connective tissue diseases' but are also seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, when their presence is thought to predict a more severe form of the disease.2Tests for antinuclear antibodies are increasingly being carried out, and we evaluated the usefulness of the test in a retrospective study.
Re: Karin S. Coyne, Marion Kvasz, Andrea M. Ireland, Ian Milsom, Zoe S. Kopp, Chris R. Chapple. Urinary Incontinence and its Relationship to Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life in Men and Women in Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Eur Urol 2012;61:88–95
Authors: Srijit Das
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Photodynamic Diagnosis with 5&amp;ndash;Aminolevulinic Acid in the Treatment of Secondary Urethral Tumors: First in vitro and in vivo Results
Authors: L. H&ouml;ltl, I. E. Eder, H. Klocker, A. Hobisch, G. Bartsch, A. Stenzl
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Understanding the role of transforming growth factor-β1 in intimal thickening after vascular injury
Authors: R KHAN, A AGROTIS, A BOBIK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Intimal thickening is the most important cause of in-stent restenosis. The pathology of intimal thickening is attributable to a local inflammatory response after vascular injury which results in the production of cytokines. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a profibrotic cytokine that is involved in the induction of intimal thickening. Up-regulation of TGF-β1 after arterial injury results in the activation of various downstream pathways which stimulate the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as the production of local extracellular matrix proteins. Recent evidence suggests that antagonizing TGF-β1 activity with direct or indirect inhibitors may attenuate or prevent intimal thickening. Additionally, TGF-β1 synthesis, activation and downstream regulation may also serve as significant sources of treatment. This review attempts to show the role of TGF-β1 in the pathology of intimal thickening and underlines the importance of TGF-β1 as a target for therapy.
Resolving intertracer inconsistencies in soil ingestion estimation.
Authors: E J Calabrese, E J Stanek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

In this article we explore sources and magnitude of positive and negative error in soil ingestion estimates for children on a subject-week and trace element basis. Errors varied among trace elements. Yttrium and zirconium displayed predominantly negative error; titanium and vanadium usually displayed positive error. These factors lead to underestimation of soil ingestion estimates by yttrium and zirconium and a large overestimation by vanadium. The most reliable tracers for soil ingestion estimates were aluminum, silicon, and yttrium. However, the most reliable trace element for a specific subject-day (or week) would be the element with the least error during that time period. The present analysis replaces our previous recommendations that zirconium and titanium are the most reliable trace elements in estimating soil ingestion by children. This report identifies limitations in applying the biostatistical model based on data for adults to data for children. The adult-based model used data less susceptible to negative bias and more susceptible to source error (positive bias) for titanium and vanadium than the data for children. These factors contributed significantly to inconsistencies in model predictions of soil ingestion rates for children. Correction for error at the subject-day level provides a foundation for generation of subject-specific daily soil ingestion distributions and for linking behavior to soil ingestion.
An uncommon shoulder injury.
Authors: C Fowler, G E Potter
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1990)

A 30 year old male mechanic presented in June 1987 with a therapy, injection therapy, throwing injuries A3 erodml ehncpeetdmJn 97wt therapy, injectionMtherapylthrowing injuries history of right shoulder pain of one month's duration Over the past seven years both authors have studied an uncommon shoulder presentation with an incidence of approximately 1:40 in both practices.Evidence suggests the diagnosis of latissimus dorsi tendonitis.Diagnostic tests and therapy are outlined.Throwing injuries are the commonest scenario. Case 1A 21 year old male fell while water skiing one year before presentation.The impact with the water caused the right l arm to be forcefully hyperextended while fully elevated.
Multiple Valve Replacement
Authors: JOHN C. BIGELOW, RODNEY H. HERR, JAMES A. WOOD, ALBERT STARR
Journal: Circulation (1968)

During the past 5½ years 152 patients have undergone multiple valve replacement in this clinic. The operative mortality is 12% and the late mortality 14%. The late complications and functional results of the 112 survivors are reviewed and discussed. Neither severe cardiovascular symptoms nor unfavorable hemodynamic findings are specific contraindications to an operation; however, irreversible disease coexisting in other organ systems is a possible contraindication. A decrease in recent operative mortality and fewer significant complications suggest that this experience should be extended.
Complete Absence of Lochia Following Delivery
Authors: Roy J. Heffernan, Charles Leavitt Sullivan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE characteristic bloody discharge that follows childbirth has always been considered such a fundamental phenomenon of parturition that it is designated by the word "lochia," derived from a Greek word meaning "woman in childbed." Complete absence of lochial discharge following the birth of a viable infant has not, to our knowledge, been reported. In 1922 Kickham1 reported the case of a patient delivered by cesarean section in which there was no grossly demonstrable cervix or cervical opening; there was no sign of vaginal discharge until fifteen hours post partum, when a thin serous fluid, which gradually became blood stained, appeared . . .
Dynein light chain 1, a p21-activated kinase 1-interacting substrate, promotes cancerous phenotypes
Authors: Ratna K Vadlamudi, Rozita Bagheri-Yarmand, Zhibo Yang, Seetharaman Balasenthil, Diep Nguyen, Aysegul A Sahin, Petra den Hollander, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
Reduce sugar intake to 3% to protect against tooth decay, say researchers
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Dietary sugars should make up no more than 3% of total daily energy intake to reduce the financial and social burdens of tooth decay, researchers have said.1

They have recommended a series of policy changes to help the public consume less sugar, including a ban on vending machines that offer foods and drinks laden with sugar, a sugar tax, and an end to sugar production in Europe.

The study, published in BMC Public Health , found that sugars are the only cause of tooth decay in children and adults.1 The researchers said that the treatment of dental diseases costs 5-10% of total health expenditure in industrialised countries. …
Which deliveries require paediatricians in attendance?
Authors: J. Dearlove
Journal: BMJ (1984)

asphyxia as a delay of two minutes or longer to sustained respiration (hoping thereby to include all infants likely to require active resuscitation), or the performance of active resuscitative measures (excluding mucus extraction or the giving of oxygen at ambient pressure).Asphyxia so defined occurred in 437 infants-that is, in 13-50' of all deliveries.Using the x2 test with Yates's correction the incidence of asphyxia in various subgroups was compared with the overall rate of asphyxia.Poisson's test was applied to groups of five or less.The overall incidence of birth asphyxia in infants delivered between 26 and 36 weeks' gestation was significantly increased at 52/195 (27%) (p<02), but it can be seen from table I that preterm infants delivered from 35 weeks onwards did not have a significantly increased incidence of asphyxia.The complications of pregnancy listed in table II were associated with a significant increase in the inci- dence of asphyxia, but the medical complications listed in table III were not.TABLE I-Influence of gestational age on incidence oj birth asphyxia No of Gestational No of babies with age (weeks) babies asphyxia p (%,0) 26-32 30 15 (50) <0-002 33-34 40 13 (33) <0-
Resisting cookbook medicine
Authors: Stephen J Genuis, Shelagh K Genuis
Journal: BMJ (2004)

“It is now the standard of care that every postmenopausal woman be given replacement hormones for the rest of her life unless there is a medical reason not to; to practise otherwise may be considered malpractice.” These words, passionately spoken at a 2001 medical education conference by a foremost authority on women's health, left some listeners feeling uneasy. Unable to find randomised controlled trials that validated the presumed benefits of long term hormone replacement therapy (HRT), we concluded that HRT for disease prevention represented an experiment on women.

Today, two years after the release of the results of the women's health initiative study showing that HRT has more potential for harm than for good in healthy postmenopausal women taking a combination of oestrogen and progestogen to prevent chronic disease, the questions of 2001 remain relevant. Do individual doctors have the freedom to critically …
THE ETIOLOGY OF PRIMARY CATARACT
Authors: H. Kirkpatrick
Journal: BMJ (1922)

DESPITE the fact tlat primary cataract hlas a strong personal interest for so many of us, its causes lhave been, and still aue, veiled in a mist of uncertainty wlliclh all our efforts lhave failed to pierce and wlhiclh even now slhows little signs of lifting.Nevertlheless, it may prove profitable to review our knowledge of tlle subject and to consider it in tlhe light of discoveries made in otlher branehes of medicine.So long as we remain-in ign-orance of the causes of the disease we shall be unable to prevent its occurrence or to bring it to a stand- still once it has commenced to develop, and the treatment is liliely to remain, as hiitlherto, mainly surgical.It is not proposed to consider lhere forms of cataract caused by purely local conditions, such as tllose varieties wlhich follow trauma, detached retina, intraocular tumours, retino-choroiditis, and inflammatory exudations on the lens capsule, or such as are due to developmental defects in the lens vesicle, but only those progressive and non-progressive forms whicll may be considered to be primary in nature.Amid the general obscurity certain known facts stand out clearly.These are: