tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modified Mediterranean diet and survival: EPIC-elderly prospective cohort study
Authors: Antonia Trichopoulou, Philippos Orfanos, Teresa Norat, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Marga C Ocké, Petra HM Peeters, Yvonne T van der Schouw, Heiner Boeing, Kurt Hoffmann, Paolo Boffetta, Gabriele Nagel, Giovanna Masala, Vittorio Krogh, Salvatore Panico, Rosario Tumino, Paolo Vineis, Christina Bamia, Androniki Naska, Vassiliki Benetou, Pietro Ferrari, Nadia Slimani, Guillem Pera, Carmen Martinez-Garcia, Carmen Navarro, Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco, Miren Dorronsoro, Elizabeth A Spencer, Timothy J Key, Sheila Bingham, Kay-Tee Khaw, Emmanuelle Kesse, Francoise Clavel-Chapelon, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Goran Berglund, Elisabet Wirfalt, Goran Hallmans, Ingegerd Johansson, Anne Tjonneland, Anja Olsen, Kim Overvad, Heidi H Hundborg, Elio Riboli, Dimitrios Trichopoulos
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To examine whether adherence to the modified Mediterranean diet, in which unsaturates were substituted for monounsaturates, is associated with longer life expectancy among elderly Europeans. <b>Design</b> Multicentre, prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Nine European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom). <b>Participants</b> 74 607 men and women, aged 60 or more, without coronary heart disease, stroke, or cancer at enrolment and with complete information about dietary intake and potentially confounding variables. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Extent of adherence to a modified Mediterranean diet using a scoring system on a 10 point scale, and death from any cause by time of occurrence, modelled through Cox regression. <b>Results</b> An increase in the modified Mediterranean diet score was associated with lower overall mortality, a two unit increment corresponding to a statistically significant reduction of 8% (95% confidence interval 3% to 12%). No statistically significant evidence of heterogeneity was found among countries in the association of the score with overall mortality even though the association was stronger in Greece and Spain. When dietary exposures were calibrated across countries, the reduction in mortality was 7% (1% to 12%). <b>Conclusion</b> The Mediterranean diet, modified so as to apply across Europe, was associated with increased survival among older people.
5-Hydroxytryptamine and human small intestinal motility: effect of inhibiting 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake.
Authors: D A Gorard, G W Libby, M J Farthing
Journal: Gut (1994)

Parenteral 5-hydroxytryptamine stimulates small intestinal motility, but the effect of continuous stimulation with 5-hydroxytryptamine on the human migrating motor complex is unknown. Using a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine, this study investigated the effect of indirect 5-hydroxytryptamine agonism on fasting small intestinal motility and transit. Eight healthy subjects were studied while receiving paroxetine 30 mg daily for five days and while receiving no treatment, in random order. Ambulant small intestinal motility was recorded from five sensors positioned from the duodenojejunal flexure to the ileum for 16-18 hours. Paroxetine reduced the migrating motor complex periodicity mean (SEM) from 81 (6) min to 67 (4) min (p &lt; 0.05), and increased the propagation velocity of phase III from 3.1 to 4.7 cm/min in the proximal jejunum (p &lt; 0.01), and from 1.6 to 3.4 cm/min distally (p &lt; 0.001). Orocaecal transit time measured by lactulose hydrogen breath test was reduced by paroxetine from 70 (9) min to 48 (7) min (p &lt; 0.05). These data suggest that 5-hydroxytryptamine participates in the control of migrating motor complexes in humans, and that selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitors have a prokinetic action in the human small intestine.
A time correlation study between reflectance spectroscopic cutaneous vasoconstriction and plasma corticosteroid concentration
Authors: P. ANDERSEN, K. KUBOTA, E.S. LO, G. HUTTINOT, H. MAIBACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article A time correlation study between reflectance spectroscopic cutaneous vasoconstriction and plasma corticosteroid concentration Get access P. ANDERSEN, P. ANDERSEN Department of Dermatology, University of California, School of Medicine, Box 0989, Surge 110, San Francisco, CA 94I43‐0989, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. KUBOTA, K. KUBOTA Department of Dermatology, University of California, School of Medicine, Box 0989, Surge 110, San Francisco, CA 94I43‐0989, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.S. LO, E.S. LO Office of Mental Health. New York State Psychiatric Institute, 722 West, 168th Street, Analytical Psychopharmacology Laboratories. New York, NY 10032, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. HUTTINOT, G. HUTTINOT Office of Mental Health. New York State Psychiatric Institute, 722 West, 168th Street, Analytical Psychopharmacology Laboratories. New York, NY 10032, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. MAIBACH H. MAIBACH Department of Dermatology, University of California, School of Medicine, Box 0989, Surge 110, San Francisco, CA 94I43‐0989, U.S.A. Professor H.Maibach Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 132, Issue 1, 1 January 1995, Pages 59–65, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08625.x Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Accepted: 12 May 1994 Published: 01 January 1995
Differential Cardiorespiratory Effects of Endomorphin 1, Endomorphin 2, DAMGO, and Morphine
Authors: MARC A. CZAPLA, DAVID GOZAL, OSCAR A. ALEA, ROBERT C. BECKERMAN, JAMES E. ZADINA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The novel endogenous mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists endomorphin 1 (EM1) and 2 (EM2) were tested for their cardiorespiratory effects in conscious, freely behaving rats. After systemic (intravenous) administration of EM1, EM2, or the selective MOR agonist DAMGO, analgesia, minute ventilation (V E), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (BP) were measured. The threshold dose for analgesia was similar for all 3 peptides ( approximately 900 nmol/kg). All 3 compounds elicited biphasic V E responses, with marked, short-lived V E depressions (4-6 s) followed by more sustained V E increases (10-12 min). However, compared with responses elicited by EM2 or DAMGO, EM1 decreased V E only at higher doses, and produced greater V E stimulation. Morphine produced a V E decrease, but no subsequent V E increase. EM2 and DAMGO decreased HR and BP, while EM1 decreased HR, but did not decrease BP in conscious rats at doses up to 9,600 nmol/kg. In anesthetized rats, all 3 peptides decreased HR and BP. The decreases in V E, HR, and BP were blocked by the MOR antagonist, naloxone HCI (NIx). Only the HR and BP responses, however, were blocked by naloxone-methiodide (MeNIx), indicating central mediation of V E responses and peripheral mediation of cardiovascular responses. We conclude that MOR-selective compounds vary in their cardiorespiratory response characteristics which could be linked to differential cellular actions. The results support the concept that the analgesic, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects of MOR agonists can be dissociated and that EM1-like compounds could provide the basis for novel, safer analgesics.
Inhibition of Interleukin-1β Decreases Aneurysm Formation and Progression in a Novel Model of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: William F. Johnston, Morgan Salmon, Nicolas H. Pope, Akshaya Meher, Gang Su, Matthew L. Stone, Guanyi Lu, Gary K. Owens, Gilbert R. Upchurch, Gorav Ailawadi
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are common, but experimental TAA models are limited and the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is undetermined.IL-1β protein was measured in human TAAs and control aortas, and IL-1β protein was increased ≈20-fold in human TAAs. To develop an experimental model of TAAs, 8- to 10-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice (wild type [WT]) underwent thoracotomy with application of periadventitial elastase (WT TAA) or saline (WT control; n=30 per group). Elastase treatment to thoracic aortas resulted in progressive dilation until day 14 with maximal dilation of 99.6±24.7% compared with 14.4±8.2% for WT saline control (P<0.0001). WT TAAs demonstrated elastin fragmentation, smooth muscle cell loss, macrophage infiltration, and increased IL-1β expression. Next, TAAs were induced in mice deficient of IL-1β (IL-1β knockout) or IL-1 receptor (IL-1R knockout; n=10 each). Genetic deletion of IL-1β and IL-1R significantly decreased thoracic aortic dilation (IL-1β knockout=54.2±16.8% and IL-1R knockout=62.6±17.2% versus WT TAA=104.7±23.8%; P<0.001for both). IL-1β knockout and IL-1R knockout aortas demonstrated preserved elastin and smooth muscle cells with fewer inflammatory cells. Correspondingly, IL-1β and IL-1R knockout aortas had decreased inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression. Separately, WT mice pretreated with either IL-1R antagonist anakinra (100 mg/kg per day) or vehicle alone (control) underwent elastase treatment. Pretreatment of WT mice with anakinra attenuated TAA formation (control: 99.2±15.5% versus anakinra: 68.3±19.2%; P<0.005). Finally, to investigate treatment of small TAAs, WT mice were treated with anakinra 3 days after TAA induction. Anakinra treatment in WT mice with small TAAs reduced aortic dilation on day 14 (control treatment: 89.1±18.6% versus anakinra treatment: 59.7±25.7%; P=0.01).Periadventitial application of elastase to murine thoracic aortas reproducibly produced aneurysms with molecular and histological features consistent with TAA disease. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of IL-1β decreased TAA formation and progression, indicating that IL-1β may be a potential target for TAA treatment.
Neutrophil Kinetics in Acute Infection*
Authors: J. C. Marsh, D. R. Boggs, G. E. Cartwright, M. M. Wintrobe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Neutrophil kinetics of acute experimental infection were studied with diisopropylfluorophosphate-(32)P labeling in 31 dogs inoculated intrabronchially with pneumococci. In vitro neutrophil labeling indicated a rapid transit time through the blood in early infections, with an elevated marginal granulocyte pool sometimes preceding an elevation of the circulating granulocyte pool. 13 hr after infection, the circulating and total blood granulocyte pools were increased but the rate of neutrophil transit through the blood was normal. During the recovery from infection there was a marked prolongation of neutrophil blood transit time, suggesting virtually complete cessation of bone marrow release of neutrophils into the blood. Labeling of neutrophils in vivo indicated an increased rate of emptying of the bone marrow storage pool proportional to the severity of infection as measured by the fever index. The change in the blood ratio of nonsegmented to segmented neutrophils was a much more accurate index of the severity of infection than the blood granulocyte concentration, correlating significantly with the fever index.
Autofluorescence videothoracoscopy in exudative pleural effusions: preliminary results
Authors: M. G. Chrysanthidis, J. P. Janssen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Videothoracoscopy has been proven to be a safe tool to establish the diagnosis in &gt;90% of patients with exudative pleural effusions of unknown origin. In the majority of patients with malignant pleural diseases, the endoscopic appearance of pleural lesions during white light thoracoscopy is suggestive of malignancy, but could be misleading in some cases. The aim of the present study was to estimate whether the combination of thoracoscopy with autofluorescence modalities would be useful to further improve the diagnostic accuracy of the conventional method. The present study displays early results of thoracoscopy performed consecutively with a normal light source and with autofluorescence light in 24 patients with exudative pleural effusion during 2003–2004. In all cases of malignant pleuritis (carcinoma or mesothelioma), the colour of the affected area of the pleura changed from white/pink to red (sensitivity 100%). However, in two cases of chronic pleuritis, a colour change from white/pink to orange/red was recorded (specificity 75%). In conclusion, the calculated positive predictive value of colour change for malignant pleuritis during autofluorescence thoracoscopy in this study was 92%. However, the clinical value of autofluorescence thoracoscopy in daily practice remains to be proven.
Does Erythropoietin Promote Tumor Growth?
Authors: Pierre Saintigny, Benjamin Besse, Jean-Charles Soria, Jean-François Bernaudin, Patrice Callard
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

In Response: We appreciate Yoon and colleagues' interest in our report and welcome the opportunity to reply to their comments. Our study was designed in a context in which several clinical trials, including patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, breast cancer, non–small cell lung
Two mutations of BRCA2 gene at exon and splicing site in a woman who underwent oncogenetic counseling
Authors: M. Pensabene, I. Spagnoletti, I. Capuano, C. Condello, S. Pepe, A. Contegiacomo, G. Lombardi, G. Bevilacqua, M.A. Caligo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
Pulmonary metastasectomy: what is the practice and where is the evidence for effectiveness?: Table 1
Authors: Tom Treasure, Mišel Milošević, Francesca Fiorentino, Fergus Macbeth
Journal: Thorax (2014)

Pulmonary metastasectomy is a commonly performed operation and is tending to increase as part of a concept of personalised treatment for advanced cancer. There have been no randomised trials; belief in effectiveness of metastasectomy is based on registry data and surgical follow-up studies. These retrospective series are comprised predominately of solitary or few metastases with primary resection to metastasectomy intervals longer than 2-3 years. Five-year survival rates of 30-50% are recorded, but as case selection is based on favourable prognostic features, an apparent association between metastasectomy and survival cannot be interpreted as causation. Cancers for which lung metastasectomy is used are considered in four pathological groups. In non-seminomatous germ cell tumour, for which chemotherapy is highly effective, excision of residual pulmonary disease guides future treatment and in particular allows an informed decisions as to further chemotherapy. Sarcoma metastasises predominately to lung and pulmonary metastasectomy for both bone and soft tissues sarcoma is routinely considered as a treatment option but without randomised data. The commonest circumstance for lung and liver metastasectomy is colorectal cancer. Repeated resections and ablations are commonplace but without evidence of effectiveness for either. For melanoma, results are particularly poor, but lung metastases are resected when no other treatment options are available. In this review, the available evidence is considered and the conclusion reached is that in the absence of randomised trials there is uncertainty about effectiveness. A randomised controlled trial, Pulmonary Metastasectomy in Colorectal Cancer (PulMiCC), is in progress and randomised trials in sarcoma seem warranted.
Genetically engineered pigs as investigative and translational models in dermatology
Authors: M.R. Schneider, E. Wolf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Genetically engineered pigs as investigative and translational models in dermatology Get access M.R. Schneider, M.R. Schneider Gene Center LMU Munich Feodor‐Lynen‐Straße 25 Munich 81377 Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Wolf E. Wolf Gene Center LMU Munich Feodor‐Lynen‐Straße 25 Munich 81377 Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 174, Issue 1, 1 January 2016, Pages 237–239, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14092 Published: 01 January 2016
Longitudinal Assessment of Hematopoietic Abnormalities After Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Lymphoma
Authors: Ravi Bhatia, Khristine Van Heijzen, Ann Palmer, Asako Komiya, Marilyn L. Slovak, Karen L. Chang, Henry Fung, Amrita Krishnan, Arturo Molina, Auayporn Nademanee, Margaret O'Donnell, Leslie Popplewell, Roberto Rodriguez, Stephen J. Forman, Smita Bhatia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is being increasingly used as an effective treatment strategy for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) but is associated with therapy-related myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML) as a major cause of nonrelapse mortality. The phenomenon of hematopoietic reconstitution after autologous HCT and the role of proliferative stress in the pathogenesis of t-MDS/AML are poorly understood.Using a prospective longitudinal study design, we evaluated the nature and timing of alterations in hematopoietic progenitors and telomere length after HCT in patients undergoing autologous HCT at City of Hope Cancer Center (Duarte, CA).A significant reduction in primitive and committed progenitors was observed before HCT compared with healthy controls. Further profound and persistent reduction in primitive progenitors but only transient reduction in committed progenitors were seen after HCT. Primitive progenitor frequency in pre-HCT marrow and peripheral-blood stem cells predicted for primitive progenitor recovery after HCT. Shortening of telomere length was observed in marrow cells early after HCT, with subsequent restoration to pre-HCT levels. Patients within this cohort who developed t-MDS/AML had reduced recovery of committed progenitors and poorer telomere recovery, possibly indicating a functional defect in primitive hematopoietic cells.Our studies suggest that hematopoietic regeneration after HCT is associated with increased proliferation and differentiation of primitive progenitors. Increased proliferative stress on stem cells bearing genotoxic damage could contribute to the pathogenesis of t-MDS/AML. Extended follow-up of a larger number of patients is required to confirm whether alterations in progenitor and telomere recovery predict for increased risk of t-MDS/AML.
THE CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM SCORE IS SUPERIOR TO EXERCISE TREADMILL TESTING IN PREDICTING CARDIAC OUTCOME: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS IN GENERALLY ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS AT RISK FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Su Min Chang, Faisal Nabi, Craig Pratt, Jiaqiong Xu, John Mahmarian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Variability of Lung Tumor Measurements on Repeat Computed Tomography Scans Taken Within 15 Minutes
Authors: Geoffrey R. Oxnard, Binsheng Zhao, Camelia S. Sima, Michelle S. Ginsberg, Leonard P. James, Robert A. Lefkowitz, Pingzhen Guo, Mark G. Kris, Lawrence H. Schwartz, Gregory J. Riely
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

We use changes in tumor measurements to assess response and progression, both in routine care and as the primary objective of clinical trials. However, the variability of computed tomography (CT) -based tumor measurement has not been comprehensively evaluated. In this study, we assess the variability of lung tumor measurement using repeat CT scans performed within 15 minutes of each other and discuss the implications of this variability in a clinical context.
Statin use in rheumatoid arthritis in relation to actual cardiovascular risk: evidence for substantial undertreatment of lipid-associated cardiovascular risk?
Authors: T. E. Toms, V. F. Panoulas, K. M. J. Douglas, H. Griffiths, N. Sattar, J. P. Smith, D. P. M. Symmons, P. Nightingale, G. S. Metsios, G. D. Kitas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is partially attributed to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, which can be identified and managed based on risk stratification algorithms (Framingham Risk Score, National Cholesterol Education Program, Systematic Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation and Reynolds Risk Score). We aimed to (a) identify the proportion of at risk patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) requiring statin therapy identified by conventional risk calculators, and (b) assess whether patients at risk were receiving statins.Patients at high CVD risk (excluding patients with established CVD or diabetes) were identified from a cohort of 400 well characterised patients with RA, by applying risk calculators with or without a x1.5 multiplier in specific patient subgroups. Actual statin use versus numbers eligible for statins was also calculated.The percentage of patients identified as being at risk ranged significantly depending on the method, from 1.6% (for 20% threshold global CVD risk) to 15.5% (for CVD and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality) to 21.8% (for 10% global CVD risk) and 25.9% (for 5% CVD mortality), with the majority of them (58.1% to 94.8%) not receiving statins. The application of a 1.5 multiplier identified 17% to 78% more at risk patients.Depending on the risk stratification method, 2% to 26% of patients with RA without CVD have sufficiently high risk to require statin therapy, yet most of them remain untreated. To address this issue, we would recommend annual systematic screening using the nationally applicable risk calculator, combined with regular audit of whether treatment targets have been achieved.
Development of a murine hematopoietic progenitor complementary DNA microarray using a subtracted complementary DNA library
Authors: Xianyong Ma, Tupur Husain, Hui Peng, Sharon Lin, Olga Mironenko, Noel Maun, Steven Johnson, David Tuck, Nancy Berliner, Diane S. Krause, Archibald S. Perkins
Journal: Blood (2002)
Reye's syndrome: Current concepts
Authors: James E. Heubi, John C. Partin, Jacqueline S. Partin, William K. Schubert
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Despite greater than 23 years of study, an incomplete understanding of the etiology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome persists. Better understanding of the disease has been hampered by the lack of a good animal model on which hypotheses of its pathogenesis could be tested. Human studies indicate that a primary mitochondrial injury may lead to complex metabolic disturbances that produce the observed pathophysiology. Specific directions regarding avenues for future research should pursue two lines: a good animal model still needs to be developed in which the biochemical and morphologic alterations identified in Reye's syndrome are duplicated. This model should include an antecedent viral illness but may not require aspirin exposure as an essential ingredient. With the identification of a satisfactory model, specific questions about the roles of environmental toxins or medications may be answered. Study of noncomatose cases of Reye's syndrome should continue. The specific emphasis should be to delineate what factors (NH3, free fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of the CNS disease with the hopes of devising strategies for more effective treatment of encephalopathy and its attendant morbidity and mortality.