tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trial of Yoga Among a Multiethnic Sample of Breast Cancer Patients: Effects on Quality of Life
Authors: Alyson B. Moadel, Chirag Shah, Judith Wylie-Rosett, Melanie S. Harris, Sapana R. Patel, Charles B. Hall, Joseph A. Sparano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

This study examines the impact of yoga, including physical poses, breathing, and meditation exercises, on quality of life (QOL), fatigue, distressed mood, and spiritual well-being among a multiethnic sample of breast cancer patients.One hundred twenty-eight patients (42% African American, 31% Hispanic) recruited from an urban cancer center were randomly assigned (2:1 ratio) to a 12-week yoga intervention (n = 84) or a 12-week waitlist control group (n = 44). Changes in QOL (eg, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy) from before random assignment (T1) to the 3-month follow-up (T3) were examined; predictors of adherence were also assessed. Nearly half of all patients were receiving medical treatment.Regression analyses indicated that the control group had a greater decrease in social well-being compared with the intervention group after controlling for baseline social well-being and covariates (P < .0001). Secondary analyses of 71 patients not receiving chemotherapy during the intervention period indicated favorable outcomes for the intervention group compared with the control group in overall QOL (P < .008), emotional well-being (P < .015), social well-being (P < .004), spiritual well-being (P < .009), and distressed mood (P < .031). Sixty-nine percent of intervention participants attended classes (mean number of classes attended by active class participants = 7.00 +/- 3.80), with lower adherence associated with increased fatigue (P < .001), radiotherapy (P < .0001), younger age (P < .008), and no antiestrogen therapy (P < .02).Despite limited adherence, this intent-to-treat analysis suggests that yoga is associated with beneficial effects on social functioning among a medically diverse sample of breast cancer survivors. Among patients not receiving chemotherapy, yoga appears to enhance emotional well-being and mood and may serve to buffer deterioration in both overall and specific domains of QOL.
THE ROLE OF THE MAST CELLS AND BASOPHILS IN HYPERSENSITIVITY.
Authors: J. S. COMAISH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1965)

Journal Article THE ROLE OF THE MAST CELLS AND BASOPHILS IN HYPERSENSITIVITY. Get access J. S. COMAISH, M.B., M.R.C.P. J. S. COMAISH, M.B., M.R.C.P. Senior Registrar, Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 77, Issue 2, 1 February 1965, Pages 92–97, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14605.x Published: 01 February 1965
How Parallel are the Primate Visual Pathways?
Authors: W H Merigan, J H R Maunsell
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1993)

The visual system, like all sensory systems, contains parallel pathways (see Stone 1 983). Recently, m uch emphasis has been placed on the relationship between two subcortical and two cortical pathways. It has been suggested that the cortical and subcortical pathways are continuous, so that distinct channels of information that arise in the retina remain segregated up to the highest levels of visual cortex. According to this view, the visual system comprises two largely independent subsystems that mediate different classes of visual behaviors. In this paper, we evaluate this proposal, which has far-reaching implications for our understanding of the functional organization of the visual system. The subcortical projection from the retina to cerebral cortex is strongly dominated by the two pathways (M and P pathways) that are relayed by the magnocellular and parvocellular subdivisions of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) (see Shapley & Perry 1 986). The importance of these pathways is demonstrated by the fact that they include about 90% of the axons that leave the retinas (Silveira & Perry 1 99 1 ) and that little vision survives when both pathways are destroyed (Schiller et al 1 990a). The P and M pathways maintain their sharp anatomical segregation through the termination of the LGN projection in layer 4C of VI (striate cortex). The complex network of connections in primate extrastriate visual cor-
Detection of antigens related to hepatitis C virus RNA encoding the NS5 region in the livers of patients with chronic type C hepatitis
Authors: Mikihiro Tsutsumi, Sachio Urashima, Akira Takada, Takayasu Date, Yujiro Tanaka
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Hepatitis C virus is a positive single-strand RNA virus distantly related to flaviviruses. Therefore RNA replicase, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, may be essential for the replication of hepatitis C virus, as well as other RNA viruses. In this study we synthesized the recombinant polypeptide (HCV-NS5 antigen) with a 576 bp cDNA encoding a part of the NS5 region of the HCV genome that has the Gly-Asp-Asp motif. The antibody against this polypeptide was obtained from rabbit serum. In Western-blot analysis with NS5 IgG HCV antibody, an 84-kD protein was clearly detected as a single band in the microsomal fraction but not in the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions or in the cytosol fraction. Immunohistochemically, HCV-NS5 antigen was clearly stained in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes but not in the nucleus or cell membrane. Moreover, as determined on immunoelectron microscopy, HCV-NS5 antigen was demonstrated with fine granular distribution along the endoplasmic reticulum but not in other organelles, including the nucleus and mitochondria. Immunoreaction in other cell types was negative. These results indicate that replication of HCV may occur only in hepatocytes and that HCV-NS5 may be produced in the endoplasmic reticulum of these cells. HCV-NS5 antigen was stained only in the livers of hepatitis C virus-positive patients but not in sections from patients with chronic type B hepatitis or alcoholic fibrosis. In chronic type C liver disease, the overall detection rate of HCV-NS5 antigen was 56% (33% in chronic persistent hepatitis, 52% in chronic active hepatitis and 86% in cirrhosis).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mechanism of Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis
Authors: Shih-Hua Lin, Chou-Long Huang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2012)

The pathogenesis of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis has long been thought related to increased Na(+)-K(+) ATPase activity stimulated by thyroid hormone and/or hyperadrenergic activity and hyperinsulinemia. This mechanism alone, however, cannot adequately explain how hypokalemia occurs during acute attacks or the associated paradoxical depolarization of the resting membrane potential. Recent findings that loss of function mutations of the skeletal muscle-specific inward rectifying K(+) (Kir) channel, Kir2.6, associate with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis provide new insights into how reduced outward K(+) efflux in skeletal muscle, from either channel mutations or inhibition by hormones (adrenalin or insulin), can lead to a vicious cycle of hypokalemia and paradoxical depolarization, which in turn, inactivates Na(+) channels and causes muscle unexcitability and paralysis.
Beyond prejudice to prejudices
Authors: Mark Schaller, Steven L. Neuberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Different groups, because they are perceived to pose different threats, elicit different prejudices. Collective action by disadvantaged groups can amplify the perception of specific threats, with predictable and potentially counterproductive consequences. It is important to carefully consider the threat-based psychology of prejudice(s) before implementing any strategy intended to promote positive social change.
Dissemination of scientific software with Galaxy ToolShed
Authors: Daniel Blankenberg, Gregory Von Kuster, Emil Bouvier, Dannon Baker, Enis Afgan, Nicholas Stoler, James Taylor, Anton Nekrutenko
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Abstract The proliferation of web-based integrative analysis frameworks has enabled users to perform complex analyses directly through the web. Unfortunately, it also revoked the freedom to easily select the most appropriate tools. To address this, we have developed Galaxy ToolShed.
Irritable bowel syndrome in adults in primary care: summary of updated NICE guidance
Authors: Cheryl Hookway, Sara Buckner, Paul Crosland, Damien Longson
Journal: BMJ (2015)

#### The bottom line Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder with an estimated prevalence of 10-20%.1 The condition mostly affects people aged 20-30 years and is twice as common in women as in men.1 It can be painful and debilitating, lead to feelings of anxiety and depression, and negatively affect quality of life.1 This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) on irritable bowel syndrome in adults in primary care.2 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. Where the evidence was minimal, recommendations in the original guidance were based on the guideline development group’s experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Changes in this update are based on evidence from updated systematic reviews and updated evidence on cost effectiveness. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Initial assessment
The effects of photosensitizing antibiotics and ultraviolet irradiation on the biosynthesis of prostaglandins
Authors: JONATHAN T. LORD, VINCENT A. ZIBOH, GARY BLICK, JOSEPH POITIER, ISMET KURSUNOGLU, NEAL S. PENNEYS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Oxygenation of arachidonic acid in vitro by calf skin microsomal acetone powder was enhanced by UV-irradiation at wavelengths of 254 and 360 nm. Further enhancement of the oxygenation reaction was observed in the presence of two photosensitizing cyclic antibiotics, tetracycline and demethylchlortetracy cline. To test whether or not the oxygenation of arachidonic acid was related to the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, [I-14C]-arachidonic acid was incubated with calf skin acetone powder in the presence of UV-irradiation and the cyclic antibiotics. Prostaglandin biosynthesis from arachidonic acid by the calf skin microsomal acetone powder was enhanced after exposure to UV-irradiation at 254 nm and moderately at 360 nm. Incubation in the presence of demethylchlortetracycline (0.2 mM) increased prostaglandin biosynthesis approximately 95% over control by UV-irradiation at 254 nm. No significant stimulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis was observed at 360 nm. Non-photosensitizing antibiotics had no effect either on the oxygenation of arachidonic acid or on the biosynthesis of prostaglandin with or without UV-irradiation. Since a previous report from our laboratory had demonstrated that other photosensitizers also stimulate prostaglandin biosynthesis in vitro after exposure to UV-irradiation and since these photosensitizing cyclic antibiotics have been associated with cutaneous inflammatory reactions such as erythema, it is reasonable to suggest from these data that the inflammatory reactions associated with these photoreactive antibiotics may in part, be via the biosynthesis and release of the prostaglandins which are known to produce cutaneous inflammatory reactions.
Macrophage variants in oxygen metabolism.
Authors: G Damiani, C Kiyotaki, W Soeller, M Sasada, J Peisach, B R Bloom
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Whereas phagocytic cells from normal individuals have the capacity to kill ingested bacteria and parasites, those from patients with several uncommon genetic deficiency diseases are known to be defective in bactericidal activity. Studies on neutrophils of these patients have revealed fundamental defects in their ability to reduce molecular oxygen and metabolize it to superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen radicals. In the present experiments, we describe a clone of a continuous murine macrophage-like cell line, J774.16, that, upon appropriate stimulation, activates the hexose monophosphate shunt, and produces superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. With nitroblue tetrazolium to select against cells capable of being stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate to reduce the dye to polymer--formazan--which is toxic fot cells, we have selected for variants that are defective in oxygen metabolism. Four of these subclones have been characterized and found to be lacking in the ability (a) to generate superoxide anion, as measured by cytochrome c reduction; (b) to produce hydrogen peroxide, as measured by the ability to form complex I with cytochrome c peroxidase; and (c) to be stimulated to oxidize glucose via the hexose monophosphate shunt. These variants appear to represent a useful model for studying the molecular basis for macrophage cytocidal activity.
Notch Activation Results in Phenotypic and Functional Changes Consistent With Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transformation
Authors: Michela Noseda, Graeme McLean, Kyle Niessen, Linda Chang, Ingrid Pollet, Rachel Montpetit, Réza Shahidi, Katerina Dorovini-Zis, Linheng Li, Benjamin Beckstead, Ralph E. Durand, Pamela A. Hoodless, Aly Karsan
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Various studies have identified a critical role for Notch signaling in cardiovascular development. In this and other systems, Notch receptors and ligands are expressed in regions that undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation. However, there is no direct evidence that Notch activation can induce mesenchymal transdifferentiation. In this study we show that Notch activation in endothelial cells results in morphological, phenotypic, and functional changes consistent with mesenchymal transformation. These changes include downregulation of endothelial markers (vascular endothelial [VE]-cadherin, Tie1, Tie2, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, and endothelial NO synthase), upregulation of mesenchymal markers (α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and platelet-derived growth factor receptors), and migration toward platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Notch-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation does not seem to require external regulation and is restricted to cells expressing activated Notch. Jagged1 stimulation of endothelial cells induces a similar mesenchymal transformation, and Jagged1, Notch1, and Notch4 are expressed in the ventricular outflow tract during stages of endocardial cushion formation. This is the first evidence that Jagged1-Notch interactions induce endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation, and our findings suggest that Notch signaling may be required for proper endocardial cushion differentiation and/or vascular smooth muscle cell development.
Sodium Transport Is Modulated by p38 Kinase–Dependent Cross-Talk between ENaC and Na,K-ATPase in Collecting Duct Principal Cells
Authors: Yu-Bao Wang, Valérie Leroy, Arvid B. Maunsbach, Alain Doucet, Udo Hasler, Eva Dizin, Thomas Ernandez, Sophie de Seigneux, Pierre-Yves Martin, Eric Féraille
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

In relation to dietary Na(+) intake and aldosterone levels, collecting duct principal cells are exposed to large variations in Na(+) transport. In these cells, Na(+) crosses the apical membrane via epithelial Na(+) channels (ENaC) and is extruded into the interstitium by Na,K-ATPase. The activity of ENaC and Na,K-ATPase must be highly coordinated to accommodate variations in Na(+) transport and minimize fluctuations in intracellular Na(+) concentration. We hypothesized that, independent of hormonal stimulus, cross-talk between ENaC and Na,K-ATPase coordinates Na(+) transport across apical and basolateral membranes. By varying Na(+) intake in aldosterone-clamped rats and overexpressing γ-ENaC or modulating apical Na(+) availability in cultured mouse collecting duct cells, enhanced apical Na(+) entry invariably led to increased basolateral Na,K-ATPase expression and activity. In cultured collecting duct cells, enhanced apical Na(+) entry increased the basolateral cell surface expression of Na,K-ATPase by inhibiting p38 kinase-mediated endocytosis of Na,K-ATPase. Our results reveal a new role for p38 kinase in mediating cross-talk between apical Na(+) entry via ENaC and its basolateral exit via Na,K-ATPase, which may allow principal cells to maintain intracellular Na(+) concentrations within narrow limits.
Vitamin D Deficiency Causes Deficits in Lung Function and Alters Lung Structure
Authors: Graeme R. Zosky, Luke J. Berry, John G. Elliot, Alan L. James, Shelley Gorman, Prue H. Hart
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is increasing and has been linked to obstructive lung diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with reduced lung function. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and lung function is confounded by the association between physical activity levels and vitamin D status. Thus, causal data confirming a relationship between vitamin D and lung function are lacking.To determine if vitamin D deficiency alters lung structure and function.A physiologically relevant BALB/c mouse model of vitamin D deficiency was developed by dietary manipulation. Offspring from deficient and replete colonies of mice were studied for somatic growth, lung function, and lung structure at 2 weeks of age.Lung volume and function were measured by plethysmography and the forced oscillation technique, respectively. Lung structure was assessed histologically. Vitamin D deficiency did not alter somatic growth but decreased lung volume. There were corresponding deficits in lung function that could not be entirely explained by lung volume. The volume dependence of lung mechanics was altered by deficiency suggesting altered tissue structure. However, the primary histologic difference between groups was lung size rather than an alteration in architecture.Vitamin D deficiency causes deficits in lung function that are primarily explained by differences in lung volume. This study is the first to provide direct mechanistic evidence linking vitamin D deficiency and lung development, which may explain the association between obstructive lung disease and vitamin D status.
THE METABOLISM AND FATE OF TRITIATED THYMIDINE IN MAN *†
Authors: Joseph R. Rubini, Eugene P. Cronkite, Victor P. Bond, T. M. Fliedner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)

The metabolism and fate of tritiated thymidine were studied in two patients in hemopoietic equilibrium. Plasma clearance of H/sup 3/-thymidine commences in the first circulation time and becomes exponential following apparent equilibrium with total body water. Two components with halftimes of 0.2 minute and 1.0 minute were identified and discussed. The rapid plasma clearance of H/sup 3/-thymidine was associated with incorporation of this compound into newly formed DNA of proliferating cells as early as one minute after injection. Labeling of proliferative cells of the bone marrow was nearly complete within ten minutes after injection, and thereafter the label appeared to remain in these cells or their progeny for their life span, diluted only by successive mitoses. This short availability time of intravenous H/sup 3/-thymidine simplifies the analyses of the time parameters of labeled proliferating cell populations. About one-third of the H/sup 3/-thymidine was catabolized to THO within a few hours after injection. Small amounts of urine nonvolatile H/sup 3/ activity were excreted in the urine during the first day after injection. H/sup 3/- beta aminoisobutyric acid was identified in these urines as a catabolic product of H/ sup 3/-thymidine. Degradation and possible reutilization of the H/sup 3/ label is discussed.more » Severe malnutrition resulted in greater degradation of H/sup 3/ thymidine to THO and urine nonvolatile H/sup 3/ activity. (auth)« less
Alveolar epithelial cells orchestrate DC function in murine viral pneumonia
Authors: Barbara Unkel, Katrin Hoegner, Björn E. Clausen, Peter Lewe-Schlosser, Johannes Bodner, Stefan Gattenloehner, Hermann Janßen, Werner Seeger, Juergen Lohmeyer, Susanne Herold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Influenza viruses (IVs) cause pneumonia in humans with progression to lung failure. Pulmonary DCs are key players in the antiviral immune response, which is crucial to restore alveolar barrier function. The mechanisms of expansion and activation of pulmonary DC populations in lung infection remain widely elusive. Using mouse BM chimeric and cell-specific depletion approaches, we demonstrated that alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) GM-CSF mediates recovery from IV-induced injury by affecting lung DC function. Epithelial GM-CSF induced the recruitment of CD11b+ and monocyte-derived DCs. GM-CSF was also required for the presence of CD103+ DCs in the lung parenchyma at baseline and for their sufficient activation and migration to the draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) during IV infection. These activated CD103+ DCs were indispensable for sufficient clearance of IVs by CD8+ T cells and for recovery from IV-induced lung injury. Moreover, GM-CSF applied intratracheally activated CD103+ DCs, inducing increased migration to MLNs, enhanced viral clearance, and attenuated lung injury. Together, our data reveal that GM-CSF–dependent cross-talk between IV-infected AECs and CD103+ DCs is crucial for effective viral clearance and recovery from injury, which has potential implications for GM-CSF treatment in severe IV pneumonia.
PPAR-γ receptor ligands: novel therapy for pituitary adenomas
Authors: Anthony P. Heaney, Manory Fernando, Shlomo Melmed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Pituitary tumors cause considerable morbidity due to local invasion, hypopituitarism, or hormone hypersecretion. In many cases, no suitable drug therapies are available, and surgical excision is currently the only effective treatment. We show here abundant expression of nuclear hormone receptor PPAR-γ in all of 39 human pituitary tumors. PPAR-γ activating thiazolidinediones (TZDs) rosiglitazone and troglitazone induced G0-G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in human, rat somatolactotroph, and murine gonadotroph pituitary tumor cells, and suppressed in vitro hormone secretion. In vivo development and growth of murine somatolactotroph and gonadotroph tumors, generated by subcutaneous injection of prolactin-secreting (PRL-secreting) and growth hormone–secreting (GH-secreting) GH3 cells, luteinizing hormone–secreting (LH-secreting) LβT2 cells, and α-T3 cells, was markedly suppressed in rosiglitazone-treated mice, and serum GH, PRL, and LH levels were attenuated in all treated animals (P < 0.009). These results demonstrate that PPAR-γ is an important molecular target in pituitary adenoma cells and PPAR-γ ligands inhibit tumor cell growth and GH, PRL, and LH secretion in vitro and in vivo. TZDs are proposed as novel oral medications for managing pituitary tumors.
Epicardial fat, cardiac geometry and cardiac function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Association with the severity of liver disease
Authors: Salvatore Petta, Christiano Argano, Daniela Colomba, Calogero Cammà, Vito Di Marco, Daniela Cabibi, Antonino Tuttolomondo, Giulio Marchesini, Antonio Pinto, Giuseppe Licata, Antonio Craxì
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)