tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Essential role of gastric gland mucin in preventing gastric cancer in mice
Authors: Fumitoshi Karasawa, Akira Shiota, Yukinobu Goso, Motohiro Kobayashi, Yoshiko Sato, Junya Masumoto, Maiko Fujiwara, Shuichi Yokosawa, Takashi Muraki, Shinichi Miyagawa, Masatsugu Ueda, Michiko N. Fukuda, Minoru Fukuda, Kazuhiko Ishihara, Jun Nakayama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Gastric gland mucin secreted from the lower portion of the gastric mucosa contains unique O-linked oligosaccharides (O-glycans) having terminal α1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues (αGlcNAc). Previously, we identified human α1,4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (α4GnT), which is responsible for the O-glycan biosynthesis and characterized αGlcNAc function in suppressing Helicobacter pylori in vitro. In the present study, we engineered A4gnt–/– mice to better understand its role in vivo. A4gnt–/– mice showed complete lack of αGlcNAc expression in gastric gland mucin. Surprisingly, all the mutant mice developed gastric adenocarcinoma through a hyperplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence in the absence of H. pylori infection. Microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed upregulation of genes encoding inflammatory chemokine ligands, proinflammatory cytokines, and growth factors, such as Ccl2, Il-11, and Hgf in the gastric mucosa of A4gnt–/– mice. Further supporting an important role for this O-glycan in cancer progression, we also observed significantly reduced αGlcNAc in human gastric adenocarcinoma and adenoma. Our results demonstrate that the absence of αGlcNAc triggers gastric tumorigenesis through inflammation-associated pathways in vivo. Thus, αGlcNAc-terminated gastric mucin plays dual roles in preventing gastric cancer by inhibiting H. pylori infection and also suppressing tumor-promoting inflammation.
Use of IGHV3–21 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is associated with high-risk disease and reflects antigen-driven, post–germinal center leukemogenic selection
Authors: Emanuela M. Ghia, Sonia Jain, George F. Widhopf, Laura Z. Rassenti, Michael J. Keating, William G. Wierda, John G. Gribben, Jennifer R. Brown, Kanti R. Rai, John C. Byrd, Neil E. Kay, Andrew W. Greaves, Thomas J. Kipps
Journal: Blood (2008)
Australia's proposal for copayments is set to fail amid confusion
Authors: Melissa Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Australian government’s plan to introduce a deeply unpopular copayment for GP and other medical services looks set to fail, amid confusion and disarray within government ranks.

In a briefing to journalists this week staff of Prime Minister Tony Abbott said that the proposed $A7 (£4; €5; $US6) copayment would be dropped in the face of opposition in the Senate, where the Conservative government does not hold power. However, other ministers, including the federal treasurer, Joe Hockey, later said that the measure had not been shelved, while the health minister, Peter Dutton, said that it could be introduced through regulation rather than legislation. Health and medical leaders doubt, however, whether this would be possible or pursued, particularly …
TEN CASES OF INFECTIOUS MULTIPLE NEURITIS, WITH TWO DEATHS.
Authors: W. A. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1901)

From the 15th of February to the 15th of March, 1901, there was an unusual series of cases of multiple neuritis in the city of Minneapolis. As near as I can learn there were probably from twelve to fourteen cases under observation, ten of which it was my fortune to see. This series includes the general types, but does not consider the forms of neuritis involving one extremity only, of which there were several. The onset of the disease, as well as its occurrence at a time when influenza was epidemic and when other diseases of irregular type were prevalent in the city, suggests that the influenza bacillus was responsible for cases of neuritis, especially as six of the ten occurred within one week and three or four of the six within two days. During this period the number of deaths resulting from typhoid fever was greater than former health
Whooping cough in general practice
Authors: Chris Butler, Nick Francis, Geert-Jan Dinant
Journal: BMJ (2006)

reactions were similar to those of many obstetricians on the issue of non-supine labour positions and keeping the birthing bed intact.Their concerns included ensuring sufficient space for the handle of the speculum and whether the speculum could be opened sufficiently for adequate visualisation of the cervix.And in contrast to the evidence of improved clinical outcomes with non-supine obstetric positioning, the study does not definitively answer similar questions for speculum examinations.For US physicians to change patient positioning during pelvic examinations, additional randomised controlled trials will probably be necessary, both to determine if the quality of cervical specimens is different and to measure doctors' acceptance of this new technique.The trials would also need to provide more data supporting this study's outcomes of decreased patient discomfort and vulnerability in diverse patient populations.In addition, articles describing the examination techniques in detail will be needed-the article is unclear, for example, on how to avoid the speculum handle hitting the table when smaller patients are examined.(The video used by the investigators to train clinicians, available on bmj.com, will go some way towards meeting this.)Finally, this evidence will need to be published not only in primary care literature but also in gynaecology literature, since the vast majority of doctors learn their speculum exam techniques in medical school during their obstetrics and gynaecology rotations.
Amplification of nitric oxide synthase expression by nitric oxide in interleukin 1 beta-stimulated rat mesangial cells.
Authors: H Mühl, J Pfeilschifter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in immunological reactions as a host defense mechanism against tumor cells and invasive microorganisms, but it may also damage healthy tissue. The excessive formation of NO in IL-1 beta-stimulated renal mesangial cells not only alters glomerular filtration, but it may also cause tissue injury and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of certain forms of glomerulonephritis. We report here that, although NO alone has no evident effect on NO synthase expression, it potently augments IL-1 beta-stimulated NO synthase expression in mesangial cells. NO donors such as sodium nitroprusside and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine markedly increase IL-1 beta-induced NO synthase mRNA and protein levels as well as enzyme activity. Nuclear run-on experiments suggest that NO acts to increase IL-1 beta-induced NO synthase gene expression at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, inhibition of NO synthesis by different pharmacological approaches reduces IL-1 beta-induced NO synthase expression, thus suggesting that NO functions in a positive feedback loop that speeds up and strengthens its own biosynthesis. We suggest that this potent amplification mechanism forms the basis for the excessive formation of NO in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Hepatic lysosomal copper protein in dogs with an inherited copper toxicosis
Authors: Gerald F. Johnson, Anatol G. Morell, Richard J. Stockert, Irmin Sternlieb
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Hepatic copper overload inherited as an autosomal recessive trait in Bedlington Terriers is characterized by the presence of hepatocellular lysosomal granules of unusually high specific gravity and electron density which contain at least two thirds of the total hepatic copper. Fractionation of homogenates of liver from such affected Bedlington Terriers yielded a low-speed pellet which contained the lysosomal granules. This fraction was used for isolation of a copper-binding protein by alkaline-reduction, solubilization, fractional acetone precipitation, and gel filtration. The purified protein yielded a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and resembled other metallothioneins in containing 15 cysteine residues and 7 to 8 atoms of copper (but no zinc) per 54 amino acid residues. No methionine, histidine, or any aromatic amino acid was present. The accumulation of this lysosomal copper protein appears to be related to the primary genetic defect which underlies the hepatic copper toxicosis of the Bedlington Terrier.
Gadolinium inhibits mechanoelectrical transduction in rabbit carotid baroreceptors. Implication of stretch-activated channels.
Authors: G Hajduczok, M W Chapleau, R J Ferlic, H Z Mao, F M Abboud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Gadolinium (Gd3+) has been shown to prevent mechanoelectrical transduction believed to be mediated through stretch-activated channels. We investigated the possible role of Gd(3+)-sensitive channels in mediating baroreceptor activity in the carotid sinus of rabbits. Baroreceptor activity induced by a ramp increase of carotid sinus pressure was reduced significantly during exposure to Gd3+. The inhibition was dose-related and reversible, and was not associated with alteration of carotid sinus wall mechanics as the pressure-strain relationship was unaffected. Veratrine triggered action potentials from single- and multiple-baroreceptor fibers when their response to pressure was inhibited by Gd3+. This suggests that the effect of Gd3+ on baroreceptors in the isolated carotid sinus was specific to their mechanical activation. The results suggest that stretch-activated ion channels sensitive to Gd3+ may be the mechanoelectrical transducers of rabbit carotid sinus baroreceptors.
Tibialis posterior dysfunction: a common and treatable cause of adult acquired flatfoot
Authors: Julie Kohls-Gatzoulis, John C Angel, Dishan Singh, Fares Haddad, Julian Livingstone, Greg Berry
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Adults with an acquired flatfoot deformity may present not with foot deformity but almost uniformly with medial foot pain and decreased function of the affected foot (for a list of causes of an acquired flatfoot deformity in adults, see box 1).1 Patients whose acquired flatfoot is associated with a more generalised medical problem tend to receive their diagnosis and are referred appropriately. However, in patients whose “adult acquired flatfoot deformity” is a result of damage to the structures supporting the medial longitudinal arch, the diagnosis is often not made early.2 These patients are often otherwise healthier and tend to be relatively more affected by the loss of function resulting from an acquired flatfoot deformity. The most common cause of an acquired flatfoot deformity in an otherwise healthy adult is dysfunction of the tibialis posterior tendon, and this review provides an outline to its diagnosis and treatment.

We seached PubMed for publications by using the keywords “flatfoot” and “tibialis posterior dysfunction”.

### Tibialis posterior dysfunction: a common condition

Tibialis posterior dysfunction is well recognised by orthopaedic surgeons specialising in foot and ankle surgery and by podiatrists. However, greater general awareness of this condition is required,2 as most patients presenting to a general practitioner receive a diagnosis of ankle sprain or arthritis. By the time most patients present to a specialist foot and ankle clinic they have had the condition for several years and have consulted numerous doctors.3 Even general orthopaedic surgeons and physiotherapists often miss the diagnosis.3 However, tibialis posterior dysfunction need not remain a “specialist diagnosis” as it is usually diagnosed without any investigations, from a history and physical examination.2 Many patients benefit from relatively simple treatment, such as orthotic devices.4 Population based studies to identify the prevalence of tibialis posterior dysfunction are under way. In elderly people the condition …
Points from Letters: Merit Awards
Authors: D. C. Wilkins
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Registrars' Pay SIR,-I have read with interest, and no small degree of irritation, the 'expected correspondence and the reports of meetings in the B.M.7.following the publication of the Review Body's findings.As a member of the much despised grade of medical assistant who is quite happy with his lot and has no intention of leaving the country, I am sick and tired of
Ability of the electrocardiogram to detect myocardial lesions in isoproterenol induced rat cardiomyopathy
Authors: R. B BESTETTI, C. P RAMOS, J FIGUEREDO-SILVA, V. N SALES-NETO, J S. M OLIVEIRA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Resting electrocardiograms were recorded in 18 male adult rats injected subcutaneously with two doses of isoproterenol (200 mg·kg−1 body weight) 10 days before the animals were submitted to the ajmaline test (1 mg·kg−1 body weight iv). After the ajmaline test all rats were killed and the hearts examined histologically. Electrocardiographic changes were detected at rest in 72% of the isoproterenol injected rats: pathological Q waves, lengthening of the QRS complex, and QRS abnormality were found in 50%, 44%, and 44% of these animals respectively. Ajmaline induced similar changes in both control and isoproterenol treated rats (P wave enlargement (p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively), increased PR interval (p<0.003 and p<0.001 respectively), and increased QaT interval (p<0.001 in both groups)). However, ajmaline caused an increase in heart rate only in isoproterenol treated rats (p<0.05). A pronounced increase in PR interval, not observed in control rats, was detected in one of five isoproterenol injected rats with a normal resting ECG but showing microscopical cardiac lesions. Apical aneurysm of the left ventricle was found in 16% of isoproterenol injected rats. A mononuclear inflammatory reaction was observed in 13 (72%) of the isoproterenol injected rats and was multifocal in at least three regions of the myocardium in six (46%) and disseminated throughout the myocardium in seven (53%) of these animals. When the electrocardiographic and pathological findings were compared, the ECG changes were found to have a 91% sensitivity, 83% specificity, and 91% positive predictive value. Thus it is concluded that the resting ECG is a reliable method of detecting myocardial lesions in isoproterenol injected rats.
Induction of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pacinian corpuscles.
Authors: A I Lang-Stevenson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Une observation: un homme aveugle depuis l'âge de 14 ans a la suite d'un accident, travaillant en usine, est blesse a la main droite en utilisant un nouvel instrument. Lors de l'exploration meticuleuse des tissus blesses, on constate une hyperplasie-hypertrophie des corpuscules de Pacini (tactiles), ce qui s'explique par le grand entrainement de l'aveugle (lecteur de Braille, musicien). Reparation partielle possible
Radiation and Human Health-Reply
Authors: Victor E. Archer
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Orient is correct in stating that Dr Gofman has assisted some antinuclear groups and that his tentative conclusions regarding the risk from ionizing radiation to man postulate that risk as somewhat greater than do those proposed by some expert committees. Perhaps I was remiss in not emphasizing this so that persons with strong preformed opinions could avoid the book. It is my opinion that the uncertainties surrounding the risks of low-level radiation are sufficiently great as to encompass both those cited by Orient and by Gofman. Gofman was careful to point out where he had to make assumptions and when his results disagreed with those of other authorities. He was careful to point out why his results differed from those given by others, leaving the reader in a good position to judge for himself. Gofman's assumptions were carefully spelled out, so that any reader could substitute his
Chemokines and the Molecular Basis of Cancer Metastasis
Authors: P M Murphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Metastasis is the chief cause of morbidity and mortality in most cancers. Appropriately, the words “cancer” (from the Latin for “crab”) and “metastasis” (from the Greek for “change in position”) both refer to cell movement: the crab-like invasion of cancer into healthy tissue and the migration of cancer cells to sites distant from the primary tumor. Since the work of Paget more than 100 years ago, pathologists have recognized that the movement of cancer cells is not random and that different types of cancer have different destinations. To explain this specificity, the “soil and seed” theory states that different organs . . .
Titration to target dose of bisoprolol vs. carvedilol in elderly patients with heart failure: the CIBIS-ELD trial
Authors: Hans-Dirk Düngen, Svetlana Apostolović, Simone Inkrot, Elvis Tahirović, Agnieszka Töpper, Felix Mehrhof, Christiane Prettin, Biljana Putniković, Aleksandar N. Nešković, Mirjana Krotin, Dejan Sakač, Mitja Lainščak, Frank Edelmann, Rolf Wachter, Thomas Rau, Thomas Eschenhagen, Wolfram Doehner, Stefan D. Anker, Finn Waagstein, Christoph Herrmann-Lingen, Goetz Gelbrich, Rainer Dietz
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
A SIMPLE AND CERTAIN METHOD OF CONFINING THE HANDS DURING OPERATION
Authors: WILLARD BARTLETT
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Other surgeons than myself must be dissatisfied at times with the usual methods employed to confine a patient's hands on the operating table. The widely used leather cuff fits inexactly about the forearm and, especially in women whose arms are stout but whose hands are small, does not prevent the hand from being withdrawn through it. This happens at particular points during an operation and in relation to definite stimuli that get through to the patient's sensorium: 1. It occurs after the operative field has been draped and during the induction of deep anesthesia. 2. The patient who is being placed under a light degree of inhalation anesthesia, analgesia having been obtained with local infiltration or nerve block, may, if he is of an excitable temperament, move his hands continuously during the operation. 3. The patient may free them when a new portion of the field is invaded, particularly when
Quantification of two aromatic amine mutagens, PBTA-1 and PBTA-2, in the yodo river system.
Authors: T Ohe, N Takeuchi, T Watanabe, A Tada, H Nukaya, Y Terao, H Sawanishi, T Hirayama, T Sugimura, K Wakabayashi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The levels of two aromatic amine mutagens, 2-[2-(acetylamino)-4-[bis(2-methoxyethyl)amino]-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-am ino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (PBTA-1) and 2-[2-(acetylamino-4-[N-(2-cyanoethyl)ethylamino]-5-methoxyphenyl]-5-a mino-7-bromo-4-chloro-2H-benzotriazole (PBTA-2), were quantitatively analyzed in the Yodo River system in Japan. The river water samples were collected at nine sampling sites from the Yodo River system twice or three times between May and July in 1997. PBTA-1 and PBTA-2 in the river water samples were concentrated on blue rayon columns, partially purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on reverse-phase columns, then quantified by HPLC with an electrochemical detector. The amounts of PBTA-1 and PBTA-2 in the water samples were < 0.01-1.91 and < 0.01-2.25 ng/L, respectively. High levels of PBTA-1 and PBTA-2 were detected in the samples collected within 4 km downstream of two sewage plants, which are located along the banks of the Nishitakase River, a tributary of the Yodo River system, and these samples showed stronger mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 with S9 mix than the other water samples. On the other hand, the river water samples from upstream of the sewage plant were weakly or not mutagenic and PBTA-1 and PBTA-2 were not detected. These results confirmed that a major source of PBTA-1 and PBTA-2 in the Yodo River system is effluent from the sewage plants and that discharged mutagens, including PBTA-1 and PBTA-2, are diluted and/or decomposed while moving down the Yodo River system.
Schizophrenia, an Immunologic Disorder?
Authors: David G. Logan
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Previous studies on the detection of circulating and tissue-fixed antibody to certain parts of the brain of schizophrenic patients had suggested that schizophrenia may be an autoimmune disease. We attempted a similar study of this antibody in the brain tissue of eight schizophrenic patients, nine (control) patients with organic brain diseases, and in three serum samples of acutely schizophrenic patients. No evidence of fixed or circulating antibody was found in any of these cases. These results make it difficult to sustain a role for autoimmunity in schizophrenia.
Doppler studies of vena cava flows in human fetuses. Insights into normal and abnormal cardiac physiology.
Authors: K L Reed, C P Appleton, C F Anderson, L Shenker, D J Sahn
Journal: Circulation (1990)

We examined vena cava Doppler flow velocity tracings from 69 fetuses between 22 and 40 weeks' gestation. Twenty-three fetuses had arrhythmias. Fifteen fetuses had absent end-diastolic Doppler velocities in the umbilical artery, a condition associated with intrauterine growth retardation, and 15 normal fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler velocity ratios were matched by gestational age. In studies in 16 additional fetuses, inferior vena cava Doppler velocity waveforms were compared with superior vena cava Doppler velocity waveforms. Peak velocities and time-velocity integrals of forward or reverse flow during systole, early diastole, and atrial contraction were measured. In addition, the time-velocity integral during flow coincident with atrial contraction (a wave) was expressed as a percent of the time-velocity integral of total forward flow during both systole and early diastole. Systolic-to-diastolic ratios of inferior vena cava forward time-velocity integrals were not significantly different from systolic-to-diastolic ratios of superior vena cava forward time-velocity integrals (p = 0.86), but the percent of blood moving in a reverse direction during atrial contraction in the inferior vena cava was greater than the percent of blood moving in a reverse direction in the superior vena cava (p less than 0.05). Relative forward flow in early diastole in the group of normal fetuses increased with advancing gestational age (r = 0.60, p less than 0.05). During premature atrial contractions flow in the inferior vena cava was reversed, and the percent of reverse flow during atrial systole increased significantly from 4.5 +/- 0.3% to 28.3 +/- 3.7% (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Difficulty in obtaining travel insurance after cancer
Authors: M. Hume
Journal: BMJ (2015)

In response to an article about patients with cancer going on holiday after chemotherapy Woolf describes the difficulty in obtaining travel insurance.1 2 I encountered such a problem. Even though I consulted agencies offering specialist insurance for patients recently or currently undergoing treatment, I was unable to secure insurance during the three to 15 months after treatment for cancer with good prognosis. …