tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemangioblastomas Share Protein Expression with Embryonal Hemangioblast Progenitor Cell
Authors: Sven Gläsker, Jie Li, John B. Xia, Hiroaki Okamoto, Weifen Zeng, Russell R. Lonser, Zhengping Zhuang, Edward H. Oldfield, Alexander O. Vortmeyer
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Hemangioblastomas are central nervous system (CNS) tumors of unknown histogenesis, which can occur sporadically or in von Hippel-Lindau disease. Hemangioblastomas are composed of neoplastic “stromal” cells of unknown origin, accompanied by intensive reactive angiogenesis. Failure to specify the cytologic origin of the stromal cell has precluded the development of nonsurgical therapies and limits understanding of its basic biology. We report that the stromal cells express proteins (Scl, brachyury, Csf-1R, Gata-1, Flk-1, and Tie-2) that characterize embryonic progenitor cells with hemangioblastic differentiation potential and conclude that embryonic progenitors with hemangioblast potential represent a possible cytologic equivalent of the stromal cell. We also identified a new autocrine/paracrine stimulatory loop between the receptor Tie-2 and the hypoxia-inducible factor target Ang-1, which, combined with previous observations, suggests that a variety of autocrine loops may be initiated in hemangioblastomas, depending on the differentiation status of the tumor cells and the extent of HIF downstream activation. Finally, the consistent identification of Scl in the stromal cells may help explain the unique and characteristic topographical distribution of hemangioblastomas within the CNS. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8):4167-72)
Gender-related differences in clinical management after exercise nuclear testing
Authors: Rory Hachamovitch, Daniel S. Berman, Hosen Kiat, Noel Bairey-Merz, Ishac Cohen, J. Arthur Cabico, John D. Friedman, Guido Germano, Kenneth F. Van Train, George A. Diamond
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Relative effect of CO2 on canine coronary vascular resistance.
Authors: R B Case, A Felix, M Wachter, G Kyriakidis, F Castellana
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

We determined the effect of alterations in coronary arterial PCO2 on coronary vascular resistance (CVR) at a constant coronary sinus (CS) PO2 and the effect of coronary arterial PO2 variation on CVR at a constant CS PCO2. A linear but opposing effect on CVR was found for both gases. The sensitivity of CVR to O2 change, represented as CVR/CS PO2, was approximately twice that of the ratio CVR/CS PCO2. (0.0852 +/- 0.006 vs. -0.0362 +/- 0.005). The entire range of CVR variation obtainable through CO2 variation was as great as that resulting from O2 variation. During randomized variation of O2 and CO2, CVR can be mathematically related in a multiple linear expression to CS PO2 and CS PCO2.
Glucose modulates rat substantia nigra GABA release in vivo via ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
Authors: M J During, P Leone, K E Davis, D Kerr, R S Sherwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Glucose modulates beta cell insulin secretion via effects on ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. To test the hypothesis that glucose exerts a similar effect on neuronal function, local glucose availability was varied in awake rats using microdialysis in the substantia nigra, the brain region with the highest density of KATP channels. 10 mM glucose perfusion increased GABA release by 111 +/- 42%, whereas the sulfonylurea, glipizide, increased GABA release by 84 +/- 20%. In contrast, perfusion of the KATP channel activator, lemakalim, or depletion of ATP by perfusion of 2-deoxyglucose with oligomycin inhibited GABA release by 44 +/- 8 and 45 +/- 11%, respectively. Moreover, the inhibition of GABA release by 2-deoxyglucose and oligomycin was blocked by glipizide. During systemic insulin-induced hypoglycemia (1.8 +/- 0.3 mM), nigral dialysate GABA concentrations decreased by 49 +/- 4% whereas levels of dopamine in striatal dialysates increased by 119 +/- 18%. We conclude that both local and systemic glucose availability influences nigral GABA release via an effect on KATP channels and that inhibition of GABA release may in part mediate the hyperexcitability associated with hypoglycemia. These data support the hypothesis that glucose acts as a signaling molecule, and not simply as an energy-yielding fuel, for neurons.
A53: Natural History of Pediatric Class V Membranous Lupus Nephritis-A Serial Biopsy Study
Authors: Debra Canter, Karen Eldin, M. John Hicks, Eyal Muscal, Marietta DeGuzman, Scott E. Wenderfer
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

In 1998, Sorof et al. reported 28% of 60 pediatric SLE patients had class V lesions on their first biopsy and 37% had class V lesions on their most recent biopsy. Although 19% of patients with LN transformed from other classes to class V, there were no patients with repeat biopsies who showed complete resolution of their class V lesions. The prognosis of the patients with class V LN was better than those with non-class V LN (only 5% vs. 21% developed renal dysfunction or died).



Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed pathology records of pediatric lupus nephritis patients who underwent renal biopsies at Texas Children's Hospital between 1990 and 2013.



Results:

A total of 321 biopsies were performed on 174 patients with SLE. The cumulative incidence of class V histopathology was 50% (160/321). Upon initial biopsy, 93/174 (53%) patients had Class II, III or IV LN without class V lesions, and 81/174 (47%) patients had class V lesions, either alone (n = 38), or associated with class II, III or IV LN (n = 43). Repeat biopsies were obtained in 97 cases. The median interval between first and second biopsies was 11 months (IQR 9–19m, range 3–110 m). Of the 97 patients with at least 2 renal biopsies, 36 (37%) had class V lesions on the initial biopsy, and 61 (63%) did not have class V lesions on the initial biopsy. Although transformation between classes was common, the initially non-class V LN patients frequently remained free of class V lesions at follow up (n = 42, 70%). Of the 18/61 initially non-class V LN patients who did later develop class V lesions, 6% initially had pure class II LN, 61% pure class III, and 33% pure class IV. Repeat biopsies revealed mixed class V LN in 16/18 patients, with subsequent resolution of class V lesions or transformation to pure class V in 4.



Six (17%) of the 36 patients with class V lesions on the initial biopsy had pure class V lesions, and 30 (83%) had mixed class II, III or IV LNThree (50%) of the 6 patients with initially pure class V lesions showed evolution to mixed class III/V LN, and evolution to class IV with sustained absence of class V lesions in 1 (17%). Of the 30 patients with initially mixed class V LN, repeat biopsies revealed persistent mixed class V LN in 22 (73%), transformation to pure class V in 4 (13%) and sustained resolution of class V lesions in 4 (13%).



Conclusion:

A comparison of the WHO classification of initial and repeat biopsies showed evolution to pure class V LN, or more commonly, development of a mixed class including class V LN. Although the vast majority of patients with class V LN showed persistence of this histopathology, sustained resolution of class V lesions may be possible.
Hypertension and Increased Hindlimb Vascular Reactivity in Experimental Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: JUAN NOLLA-PANADES
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

Experimental coarctation of the aorta has been produced in rats. Animals with the clip above both renal arteries have been compared with animals with the clip below both renal arteries and with dummy operated rats. The fore- and hindlimb blood pressures, heart weights and perfusion pressure, and norepinephrine responses of the isolated perfused hindquarters have been measured. Only the animals with a clip above the renal arteries developed hypertension and hypertrophy of the heart. The increase in blood pressure was progressive, requiring about 10 days to reach hypertensive levels. Such animals showed an increase in the norepinephrine responses and in the perfusion pressure of hindlimb blood vessels when compared with either of the other two groups. The differences are statistically significant. In rats with clips above the renal arteries, there is a highly significant regression line of hindlimb norepinephrine responses on hindlimb perfusion pressure and of either of these values on heart weight. It is considered: (a) that the hypertension in experimental coarctation of the aorta is not purely mechanical and the kidneys are essential for the development of this type of hypertension; and (b) that the increase in the norepinephrine responses and in the perfusion pressure found in the hindquarter vascular bed of rats with coarctation of the aorta above the renal arteries is not secondary to the hypertension as such, but in some way is related to the mechanism that produces the hypertension in experimental coarctation of the aorta.
Asthma in relation to personality traits, life satisfaction, and stress: a prospective study among 11 000 adults
Authors: E. Huovinen, J. Kaprio, M. Koskenvuo
Journal: Allergy (2001)

While patients' personality has been thought to affect allergic diseases, the association of asthma and psychological factors is still debated. Stress is believed to predispose to asthma, but no clear evidence of causality has been found. We have studied the role of psychological factors in prevalent as well as in incident asthma cases among the adult population.A total of 11540 adults initially aged 18-45 years responded to three questionnaires in 1975, 1981, and 1990, respectively. The association of psychological factors (including extroversion and neuroticism scales, subjective stress, and life satisfaction) and prevalent asthma was studied, as well as the predisposing effect of these factors on the risk of adult onset asthma. Logistic regression was used for risk calculations.Low life satisfaction was associated with asthma prevalence (age- and sex-adjusted OR=2.27: 1.04-4.93 for prevalent asthma among those with low life satisfaction compared to those with high life satisfaction), as was neuroticism (age and sex-adjusted OR=1.78:1.12-2.84 for those with a high neuroticism score compared to those with a low score). A high extroversion score was significantly associated with the risk of adult onset asthma among women (age-adjusted OR=2.72: 1.44-5.12 for new asthma among those with high score compared to those with a low extroversion score).No specific personality type is associated with adult onset asthma, but there is a significant sex difference in the effect of psychological factors in asthma risk. A high extroversion score is a strong predictor of incident asthma among women. Prevalent asthma decreases life satisfaction and is associated with a high neuroticism score.
Starch granules in the pericardium as a cause of the post-cardiotomy syndrome
Authors: M. P. Osborne, M. Paneth, K. F. W. Hinson
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Osborne, M. P., Paneth, M., and Hinson, K. F. W. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 199-203. <b>Starch granules in the pericardium as a cause of the post-cardiotomy syndrome.</b> A case of the `post-cardiotomy9 syndrome following mitral valve replacement is reported. Recurring pericardial effusions and cardiac tamponade required surgical drainage. Pericardial biopsy demonstrated an inflammatory reaction in the presence of starch. It is suggested that starch might be one of several aetiological agents in the post-cardiotomy syndrome. Further investigation of such patients is indicated.
THE ROLE OF PSYCHIATRY IN NATIONAL DEFENSE
Authors: FRANKLIN G. EBAUGH
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The current emergency presents a great opportunity for psychiatry. Enormous preparations are under way in armies, military, industrial and civilian. Each group must be reached and helped by psychiatry to an under-standing of the imperative necessity of diminishing and even relinquishing its right in order to save the democratic structure, ideologically, socially and culturally. Psychiatry as a medical science must preserve and heighten morale during the trying times of sacrifice. The role of psychiatry in national defense can be discussed from several points of view: (1) present status of psychiatric preparedness; (2) utilization of methods of psychiatry for the peace time conscript army, the significance of morale; (3) psychiatry in industrial mobilization and civilian mental health services; (4) adequate care of psychiatric casualties during peace and war; (5) disability and compensation problems. <h3>PRESENT STATUS OF PSYCHIATRIC PREPAREDNESS</h3> Psychiatry is better prepared now than before the last World War to meet
A1.12 B-cell markers expression is affected by TNF-inhibitors and tocilizumab treatment in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: RA Moura, C Quaresma, Ar Vieira, MJ Gonçalves, J Polido-Pereira, V Romão, N Martins, H Canhão, JE Fonseca
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> B cells play several important roles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis, namely through autoantibody production, antigen presentation and T cell activation. The use of immunosuppressive drugs such as TNF-inhibitors and/or Il-6 receptor antagonist, tocilizumab, in RA might affect the circulating numbers of B cells and their activation state. The main goal of this work was to study the effect of TNF-inhibitors and tocilizumab on B cell phenotype and gene expression before and after treatment. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Blood samples were collected from established RA patients treated with TNF-inhibitors (n = 10) and tocilizumab (n = 9) before and after treatment, and from healthy donors (n = 15). B-cell subpopulations were characterised by flow cytometry and B-cell gene expression was analysed by real-time PCR on isolated B-cells. <h3>Results</h3> The frequency of circulating B cell subpopulations was similar between controls and established RA patients irrespective of treatment. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of TACI, CXCR5 and HLA-DR expressed on CD19<sup>+</sup>B-cells was significantly increased in TNF-treated patients when compared to controls. A significant decrease of CD86 and increase of CD95 MFI was observed in CD19<sup>+</sup>B-cells after TNF treatment. In tocilizumab-treated patients, HLA-DR and TLR9 MFI were significantly increased in CD19<sup>+</sup>B-cells when compared to controls. No significant differences were observed in BAFF-R, BCMA, IgM and CD69 MFI in both groups of patients compared to controls. BAFF-R, Bcl-2, β2-microglobulin, FcgR2A, TLR7 and TLR10 gene expression were significantly increased after treatment with TNF and/or tocilizumab in comparison with controls, but no significant differences were observed when comparing baseline and follow-ups. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In RA, the use of TNF-inhibitors and/or tocilizumab treatment affects B-cell phenotype in circulation, but the effect of these drugs on B-cell gene expression is less evident. The decreased levels of CD86 expression and increased CD95 MFI on B-cells after TNF treatment support an inhibition of B-cell activation. Our results suggest that TNF-inhibitors and tocilizumab help to reduce B-cell infiltration in the joints and these activated B-cells express higher HLA-DR and CXCR5 levels in circulation.
Collagenous colitis with unique colonoscopic findings
Authors: Y. Hashimoto, Y. Endo, Y. Kuroki, H. Yoshikumi, M. Yoshiba
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 66-year-old Japanese woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with chronic watery diarrhea, which began 8 months after SLE diagnosis. She was given oral medications such as loperamide but they were unsuccessful. Finally she was admitted for evaluation of the chronic diarrhea, which was then of 4 months’ duration. Colonoscopy was performed and showed numerous crowded, small, dilated, circling or winding blood vessels on the mucosal surface of the entire colon, but especially the transverse colon, appearing like a spider web ([Fig. 1], [2]). A surprising finding was a 20-cm-long linear ulcer or scar-like area of mucosal damage without bleeding in the descending colon ([Fig. 3]). Biopsies were taken from the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, the ulcer-like lesion of the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the rectum. Histopathology results indicated that all the biopsies contained a subepithelial collagen band, compatible with a diagnosis of collagenous colitis ([Fig. 4]). The patient was started on oral mesalamine, which resulted in fewer bowel movements. Finally her diarrhea ceased. Follow-up colonoscopy 2 months later revealed normal colonic mucosal vessels and a clearly diminished linear scar-like lesion.
CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING
Authors: HARRISON S. MARTLAND
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Highway accidents and asphyxiations from carbon monoxide greatly exceed all other forms of violent death and the investigation of such deaths constitutes a very large and important part of the medical examiner's work. It is now a well known fact that in the United States the automobile causes about 30,000 deaths a year and injures close to a million, with a resultant cost of many billion dollars per year. Furthermore, in the last five years little has been accomplished in the prevention of such accidents. The total number of deaths from carbon monoxide is more difficult to estimate, since, in many localities, bureaus of vital statistics and departments of health separate suicidal from accidental asphyxiations. Further, the very low ebb to which forensic medicine has sunk in this country, owing to an ancient, politically bad coroner's system, renders investigations inaccurate and often of no value. It may be roughly assumed,
Could the Efficacy of Docetaxel in Prostate Cancer Patients Be Potentiated by Concomitant High-Dose Calcitriol Administration?
Authors: Alfredo Berruti, Marcello Tucci, Alessandra Mosca, Mara Ardine, Massimiliano Poggio, Andrea Saini, Lucianna Russo, Federica Vana, Luigi Dogliotti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)
Comparison Between Diazepam and Sodium Thiopental During DC Countershock
Authors: Joseph J. Muenster
Journal: JAMA (1967)

SYNCHRONIZED, external direct-current (DC) countershock has proved to be a valuable tool for the correction of cardiac arrhythmias since its introduction by Lown and his co-workers in 1962.<sup>1,2</sup>Sodium thiopental has been used as the anesthetic agent for this procedure in most clinical studies.<sup>3-5</sup>Recently, Nutter and Massumi<sup>6</sup>reported using diazepam intravenously for the brief period of analgesia-amnesia necessary for DC countershock. In this laboratory 108 patients have had elective DC countershock, in the period August 1962 to December 1965, under sodium thiopental anesthesia. Analysis of continuous electrocardiograms made before, during, and after the DC countershock disclosed the occurrence of premature ventricular contractions in many patients. In each instance when this additional arrhythmia occurred, it appeared after induction of anesthesia but before the DC countershock was given. The occurrence of this additional arrhythmia was disturbingly frequent. These premature ventricular complexes often persisted for several minutes after the
A pilot study of β-interferon for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B who failed to respond to α-interferon
Authors: Raquel Muñoz, Gregorio Castellano, Inmaculada Fernández, Maria Victoria Álvarez, Maria Luisa Manzano, Maria Soledad Marcos, Beatriz Cuenca, José A Solı́s-Herruzo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Systematic Review: Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab for Adults with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Donald M. Arnold, Francesco Dentali, Mark A. Crowther, Ralph M. Meyer, Richard J. Cook, Christopher Sigouin, Graeme A. Fraser, Wendy Lim, John G. Kelton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Rituximab, a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, is increasingly used to treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Purpose: To systematically review the literature on the efficacy and safety of rituximab for the treatment of adults with ITP. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, abstracts from the American Societies of Hematology and Clinical Oncology annual meetings, and bibliographies of relevant articles and reviews were searched in duplicate until April 2006. Study Selection: Descriptive and comparative studies in any language that met predefined inclusion criteria were eligible. Efficacy analysis was restricted to studies enrolling 5 or more patients. Data Extraction: Platelet count response, toxicities, dose, previous treatments, baseline platelet count, duration of ITP, study design, and sources of funding were extracted in duplicate. Data Synthesis: We identified 19 eligible reports on efficacy (313 patients) and 29 on safety (306 patients). Weighted means for complete response (platelet count > 150 × 109 cells/L) and overall response (platelet count > 50 × 109 cells/L) with rituximab were 43.6% (95% CI, 29.5% to 57.7%) and 62.5% (CI, 52.6% to 72.5%), respectively. Responses lasted from 2 to 48 months. Nearly all patients had received corticosteroids, and 53.8% had undergone splenectomy. Nine patients (2.9%) died. Limitations: There were no controlled studies, and no studies met all criteria for study quality. Reported deaths could not necessarily be attributed to rituximab. Overall, the number of rituximab-treated patients with ITP reported in the literature is small. Conclusions: Rituximab resulted in an overall platelet count response in 62.5% of adults with ITP. However, this finding derives from uncontrolled studies that also reported significant toxicities, including death in 2.9% of cases. These data suggest that providers should avoid indiscriminate use of rituximab and that randomized, controlled trials of rituximab for ITP are urgently needed.
Efficacy of Long-Term Lamivudine Monotherapy in Patients With Hepatitis B e Antigen–Negative Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Stephanos J. Hadziyannis, George V. Papatheodoridis, Evangelini Dimou, Andreas Laras, Christos Papaioannou
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

We evaluated the safety and efficacy of long-term lamivudine monotherapy in a group of 25 patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B. Lamivudine was administered in a daily dose of 150 mg for a mean of 26 +/- 7 months and was well tolerated. No patient lost hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The rate of initial biochemical response increased from 88% at 6 months to 96% at 12 months of therapy, but it progressively decreased thereafter; the biochemical remission rate was 68% at 18 months, 59. 5% at 24 months, and 42.5% at >/=30 months. Alanine transaminase (ALT) increased to higher than the baseline levels in 8 of the 11 patients with a biochemical breakthrough reaching acute hepatitis levels in 6 of them. Acute icteric hepatitis developed in one patient. The virologic remission rate assessed by a sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was 68% at both 6 and 12 months, decreasing thereafter to 52% at 18 months and to 41. 6% at both 24 and >/=30 months. Virologic breakthroughs were always persistent and preceded ALT elevations by a median of 4 (3-24) months. YMDD mutants were detected in all patients with a virologic breakthrough. In conclusion, in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, long-term lamivudine therapy is safe and is associated with high biochemical and virologic response rates at the end of the first year. However, response rates tend to decrease with time and breakthroughs due to YMDD mutants accumulate. ALT activity during breakthroughs often exceeds the baseline and may reach even acute hepatitis levels.
SEX AND ACT FOLLOWING HEPARIN BOLUS DURING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Claudia C. Serrano, Yoon K. Yan, Hyunseok Kang, Christopher Cianci, Brittany LeMonda, Mun K. Hong, David Coven, Angela Palazzo, Robert Leber, Claude Simon, Amy Chorzempa, Jacqueline Tamis-Holland
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)