tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A NOTE UPON THE MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF A MASSIVE RIGHT-SIDED PLEURAL EFFUSION
Authors: A. C. Geddes
Journal: BMJ (1910)

r[it MLoA a 4°T he loop of the second traction suturd B b is now loosened from its clip, drawn tight, the ends tied and cut away.The first traction threads are cut, and releasing the vessel thereby from the frame, the suture is complete.IOn loosening the temporary clamps, there is sometimes a little oozing at the suture line, which stops in a minute or two under gentle pressure with gauze between the fingers.The reason for laying and tying the sutures in a definite order is that if one breaks in the tying it cannot be replaced if the sutures on both sides of it have been already tied.This method of end-to end union of a divided vessel differs in some small but important details from that previously published by me.The " frame " is a greater convenience as compared with the " measure " of the original method, in that the vessel once fixed is not removed till the suture is complete, the other side being exposed by simply sliding back the plate, and reversing the frame as described.The main difference is that, in the original directions, the second su:ture inserted, which forms the traction threads B b during the suturing of the two sides of the stretched vessel, is directed to be tied last of all, as in this method, but the ends of the chromic gut " quill G G1 j ji were originally directed to be tied in this suture after iremoval from the " measure " (which there takes the place of the "frame "), while now the two ends of the " quills " G Gl jjl are tied in the last of the sutures on the reverse side of the " frame," and so the diameter of the supporting 4'quills," which determines that of the finished union, is dxed before the traction is released and the "frame" removed.The traction suture B b is then tied, the section -of vessel wall concerned being already held stretched, whereas in the former method that section of wall was free to contract, the traction being released, and conse- .quently the contraction led to a slight narrowing at the -suture line.
Sildenafil to improve respiratory rehabilitation outcomes in COPD: a controlled trial
Authors: Isabel Blanco, Salud Santos, Joaqím Gea, Rosa Güell, Ferran Torres, Elena Gimeno-Santos, Diego A. Rodriguez, Jordi Vilaró, Begona Gómez, Josep Roca, Joan Albert Barberà
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Pulmonary hypertension is a serious complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that currently has no established pharmacological treatment. This study aimed to assess whether concomitant treatment with sildenafil would enhance the results of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD and increased pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). In this double-blind, randomised controlled trial patients received 20 mg sildenafil or placebo three times daily and underwent pulmonary rehabilitation for 3 months. The primary end-point was the gain in the cycle endurance time at a constant work-rate. Secondary end-points included performance in the incremental exercise test, 6-min walk distance and quality of life. 63 patients with severe COPD and moderately increased PAP were randomised. Cycle endurance time increased by 149 s (95% CI 26–518 s) in the sildenafil group and by 169 s (95% CI 0–768 s) in the placebo group (median change difference -7 s, 95% CI -540–244 s; p=0.77). Gains in the incremental exercise test, 6-min walk distance and quality of life at the end of the study did not differ between groups. Measurements of arterial oxygenation and adverse events were similar in both groups. In patients with severe COPD and moderately increased PAP, concomitant treatment with sildenafil does not improve the results of pulmonary rehabilitation in exercise tolerance.
Dangerous Potentiation of Pethidine by Iproniazid, and its Treatment
Authors: J. C. Shee
Journal: BMJ (1960)

PHENINDIONE SENSITIVITYBRffM 507 resembled pemphigus.These symptoms and the fever persisted (Fig. 2) until the phenindione was discontinued 11 days later.He made an uneventful recovery and left hospital seven weeks after admission.Ten days later anginal pain recurred, and his general practitioner gave him phen- indione 50 mg.b.d.Fever and generalized aching in the muscles and eyes returned, and he was readmitted two days later.There was no clinical or E.C.G. sign of further infarction.Culture of blood, sputum, and urine again revealed no pathogens.The W.B.C. numbered 6,800/c.mm., with a normal differential count.The anticoagulant was stopped and the fever subsided rapidly.The patient made an uneventful recovery.Case 3.-An 82-year-old woman was admitted to hospital on account of severe retrosternal pain, which was shown to be due to cardiac infarction.She was treated with phenindione, and a satisfactory control of the prothrombin level was achieved.After three weeks she developed a fever up to 101.80 F. (38.8°C.) for which no cause could be found.The white-cell count was normal.After a week of fever the anticoagulant was stopped, with immediate remis- sion of the fever.She made an uneventful recovery.Case 4.-A man of 67 was admitted to hospital on account of central chest pain which was shown to be due to a cardiac infarct.He was treated with phenindione, but he developed a fever on the 19th day.This persisted, and was accompanied by numerous mouth ulcers and a disproportionate tachycardia.After 14 days of fever he was seen by one of us and was thought to be suffering from a drug fever.His fever abated promptly when the phenindione was stopped.The mouth ulcers healed rapidly with the help of hydrocortisone lozenges, and he recovered.Case 5.-A 69-year-old man who had previously been healthy suddenly became breathless and faint while walking home from a dinner.Three days later he had
Autoantibodies against the multicatalytic proteinase in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: J Arribas, M Luz Rodríguez, R Alvarez-Do Forno, J G Castaño
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus contain specific autoantibodies directed against different polypeptide components of the multicatalytic proteinase (also known as proteasome or prosome). These human autoantibodies, in contrast to polyclonal antibodies obtained in rabbits against the purified enzyme, recognize highly conserved epitopes of the multicatalytic proteinase polypeptides from yeast to human.
Dynamic evolution of clonal epialleles revealed by methclone
Authors: Sheng Li, Francine Garrett-Bakelman, Alexander E Perl, Selina M Luger, Chao Zhang, Bik L To, Ian D Lewis, Anna L Brown, Richard J D’Andrea, M Elizabeth Ross, Ross Levine, Martin Carroll, Ari Melnick, Christopher E Mason
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

We describe methclone, a novel method to identify epigenetic loci that harbor large changes in the clonality of their epialleles (epigenetic alleles). Methclone efficiently analyzes genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing data. We quantify the changes using a composition entropy difference calculation and also introduce a new measure of global clonality shift, loci with epiallele shift per million loci covered, which enables comparisons between different samples to gauge overall epiallelic dynamics. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of methclone in capturing functional epiallele shifts in leukemia patients from diagnosis to relapse. Methclone is open-source and freely available at https://code.google.com/p/methclone .
STUDIES ON TUBERCLE BACILLUS-HISTIOCYTE RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Jacob Fong, Dennis Chin, Sanford S. Elberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

Studies of passive transfer of cellular resistance, as manifested by refractoriness to necrotization with virulent tubercle bacilli, have shown that immune histiocytes or immune lymphocytes were effective transferring agents; immune polymorphonuclear leucocytes and immune serum as well as comparable cells from normal animals lacked this capacity. Comparisons of immune histiocytes and immune lymphocytes showed that the former cells were more efficient; this was indicated by (a) the smaller numbers of immune histiocytes needed for passive transfer, (b) the longer duration of cellular resistance in recipients given histiocytes than in those given lymphocytes, (c) the greater capacity of histiocytes to effect serial passive transfer, and (d) the ability of histiocytic but not lymphocytic lysates to transfer cellular resistance. Experiments to establish the mechanism of passive transfer of cellular resistance showed that there was no active induction of resistance in recipients through transfer of bacillary antigens contained in immune histiocytes; in fact, the results of serial passive transfers with immune histiocytes suggested an active replication of the "cell resistance factor."
Coincident Linkage of Fasting Plasma Insulin and Blood Pressure to Chromosome 7q in Hypertensive Hispanic Families
Authors: L.S.-C. Cheng, R.C. Davis, L.J. Raffel, A.H. Xiang, N. Wang, M. Quiñones, P.-Z. Wen, E. Toscano, J. Diaz, S. Pressman, P.C. Henderson, S.P. Azen, W.A. Hsueh, T.A. Buchanan, J.I. Rotter
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia are phenotypically associated with hypertension. We have previously provided evidence that blood pressure (BP) and IR cosegregate in Hispanic families, suggesting that this association has a genetic component. In the present study, we provide further support for the hypothesis of a genetic basis for the BP-IR relationship from a genetic linkage study.A 10-cM genome scan was conducted in 390 Hispanic family members of 77 hypertensive probands. Detailed measurements of BP, glucose, insulin levels, and insulin sensitivity (euglycemic clamp) were performed in adult offspring of probands. Multipoint variance component linkage analysis was used. A region on chromosome 7q seemed to influence both IR and BP. The greatest evidence for linkage was found for fasting insulin (lod score=3.36 at 128 cM), followed by systolic BP (lod score=2.06 at 120 cM). Fine mapping with greater marker density in this region increased the maximum lod score for fasting insulin to 3.94 at 125 cM (P=0.00002); lod score for systolic BP was 2.51 at 112 cM. Coincident mapping at this locus also included insulin sensitivity measured by the homeostasis assessment model (HOMA) and serum leptin concentrations. Insulin sensitivity by euglycemic clamp did not map to the same locus.Our results demonstrate that a major gene determining fasting insulin is located on chromosome 7q. Linkage of BP, HOMA, and leptin levels to the same region suggests this locus may broadly influence traits associated with IR and supports a genetic basis for phenotypic associations in IR syndrome.
Reply to M. Kumar et al
Authors: Anthony V. D'Amico, Ming-Hui Chen, Philip W. Kantoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

We would like to thank Kumar et al for their thoughtful reflection on the analysis we published in 2008. In that study, we reported a significant increase in the risk of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure by using a Cox regression multivariable analysis in men with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent less than 6 compared with 6 months of the antiandrogen therapy, flutamide, in addition to 6 months of a luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist and 70 Gy radiation therapy (RT) in a randomized study comparing that treatment to 70 Gy of RT alone. Two possible reasons exist for the difference in the results that Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG) investigators found and ours. First, in the multivariable model, the TROG group included as covariates both months of flutamide and treatment (RT and 6 months of hormonal therapy [HT] versus RT only). By doing this, the information regarding HT is included twice; once in the continuous covariate, months of flutamide, and again in the categorical covariate, RT and 6 months of HT. This can lead to a loss of significance in one or both of these terms. Moreover, because these two terms are not independent, a single term—such as months of flutamide—should be considered, for which they could include men receiving RT only as the baseline group and then have RT and all 6 months of combined HT and RT and 6 months of the LHRH agonist but less then 6 months of flutamide in the model. Second, when comparing the TROG study to men in the U.S. study, the U.S. study enrolled men with less-advanced prostate cancer. Specifically, in the TROG 9601 study, approximately 75% of men had clinical category T2c to T4 disease, whereas these men were excluded from the U.S. study, in which only men with clinical category T1b to T2b disease were enrolled. The more advanced nature of the prostate cancers treated in the TROG study is additionally supported by a median PSA of approximately 15 ng/mL compared with approximately 11 ng/mL in the U.S. study. Given these differences in patient selection, a hypothesis to explain the discordant results in addition to the statistics could be that men with clinically localized compard with locally advanced prostate cancer are less likely to harbor hormone-refractory disease and, therefore, are more likely to benefit from more complete hormonal blockade. For now, however, this remains a conjecture. Therefore, we agree that our analysis as well as the post–random assignment analysis from the TROG 9601 study provided in their letter is hypothesis generating. Prospective validation of the association between the use of combined HT and a reduction in the risk of PSA recurrence in men with clinically localized prostate cancer is needed, as stated in the final sentence of our study.
Parvovirus B19 and systemic sclerosis
Authors: C. Ferri, A. Azzi, C.M. Magro
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Parvovirus B19 and systemic sclerosis Get access C. Ferri, C. Ferri Cattedra & U.O. Reumatologia, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Policlinico, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy *Department of Public Health, Microbiology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy †Department of Pathology; Ohio State University; Columbus, OH, U.S.A. E‐mail: clferri@unimo.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Azzi, A. Azzi Cattedra & U.O. Reumatologia, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Policlinico, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy *Department of Public Health, Microbiology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy †Department of Pathology; Ohio State University; Columbus, OH, U.S.A. E‐mail: clferri@unimo.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.M. Magro C.M. Magro Cattedra & U.O. Reumatologia, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Policlinico, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy *Department of Public Health, Microbiology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy †Department of Pathology; Ohio State University; Columbus, OH, U.S.A. E‐mail: clferri@unimo.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 4, 1 April 2005, Pages 819–820, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06515.x Published: 01 April 2005
Effects of polymorphonuclear leukocyte transmigration on the barrier function of cultured intestinal epithelial monolayers.
Authors: S Nash, J Stafford, J L Madara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We describe a model to study the effects of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transmigration on the intestinal epithelial barrier. Human PMN were induced to transmigrate across high resistance monolayers of a cultured human intestinal epithelial cell line (T84 cells) by chemotactic gradients produced by formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP). With maximal transmigration monolayer resistance decreased by 48 +/- 12.6% in 15 min and by 83 +/- 1.6% in 60 min. This response was dependent on the size of the FMLP gradient and the density of PMN transmigration. The decrease in resistance correlated with number of PMN migrating across monolayers, and was accompanied by increases in flux of paracellular tracers. Macromolecular tracer studies localized the leak sites to foci at which PMN impaled the epithelium. Removal of the chemotactic gradient led to restoration of baseline resistance within 18 h. PMN transmigration across intestinal epithelial monolayers occurs via intercellular occluding junctions and may be associated with a reversible increase in epithelial permeability.
“Medicine Is My Lawful Wife” — Anton Chekhov, 1860–1904
Authors: Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

One hundred years ago, on July 15, Russia's most famous physician, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, died of tuberculosis at 44 years of age in Badenweiler, Germany. His body was shipped to Moscow by train in a refrigerated car marked “For Oysters.” At the Novodevichy cemetery, Maxim Gorky and Fyodor Chaliapin joined a huge crowd of mourners for a farewell to their Antosha.(Figure)Chekhov's remarkable life was devoted to medicine and consumed by literature. In a letter to a friend, he wrote, “Medicine is my lawful wife, and literature is my mistress. When I get fed up with one, I . . .
Mono-octanoin in the dissolution of gallstones in bile ducts: Limitations and precautions
Authors: Johnson L. Thistle
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The efficacy and safety of mono-octanoin, a cholesterol solvent for the direct dissolution of stones in the biliary tract, was assessed by collating case reports on 343 patients provided by 222 physicians who used the material between 1977 and 1983. Most patients had previously undergone cholecystectomy, with common duct exploration, the majority within the preceding six weeks. In most, sphincterotomy was impossible or if carried out, had not induced stone passage. Stone dissolution was considered preferable to surgery, especially in patients who were frail, elderly, or had multiple medical problems. Treatment was unquivocally successful in 88 patients (26%) and was a valuable adjunct to interventional treatment in another 29 subjects (8%). In 70 patients (20%), calculi became smaller, but remained within the biliary tree. Thus, mono-octanoin was judged to have been useful in 54%) of patients. Treatment was ineffective in 124 cases (36%). In the remaining 32 patients (9%), treatment was aborted because of side effects. Such sie effects were common, occurring in 67% of cases, and in 41% of patients they were multiple. Abdominal pain was the most common complication. Other side effects reported were nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea. Side effects were usually dose related and responded to reduction in infusion rate. Side effects were life-threatening in 12 patients (5%), but there were no permanent sequelae and no deaths occurred. These data indicate that mono-octanoin is modedrately effective, generally second line, but sometimes first line, treatment for retained biliary duct calculi.
Effect of HER2 on prognosis and benefit from peri-operative chemotherapy in early oesophago-gastric adenocarcinoma in the MAGIC trial
Authors: A.F.C. Okines, L.C. Thompson, D. Cunningham, A. Wotherspoon, J.S. Reis-Filho, R.E. Langley, T.S. Waddell, D. Noor, Z. Eltahir, R. Wong, S. Stenning
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
GA<sup>2</sup>LEN skin test study I: GA²LEN harmonization of skin prick testing: novel sensitization patterns for inhalant allergens in Europe
Authors: L. M. Heinzerling, G. J. Burbach, G. Edenharter, C. Bachert, C. Bindslev‐Jensen, S. Bonini, J. Bousquet, L. Bousquet‐Rouanet, P. J. Bousquet, M. Bresciani, A. Bruno, P. Burney, G. W. Canonica, U. Darsow, P. Demoly, S. Durham, W. J. Fokkens, S. Giavi, M. Gjomarkaj, C. Gramiccioni, T. Haahtela, M. L. Kowalski, P. Magyar, G. Muraközi, M. Orosz, N. G. Papadopoulos, C. Röhnelt, G. Stingl, A. Todo‐Bom, E. Von Mutius, A. Wiesner, S. Wöhrl, T. Zuberbier
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Background: Skin prick testing is the standard for diagnosing IgE‐mediated allergies. However, different allergen extracts and different testing procedures have been applied by European allergy centres. Thus, it has been difficult to compare results from different centres or studies across Europe. It was, therefore, crucial to standardize and harmonize procedures in allergy diagnosis and treatment within Europe. Aims: The Global Asthma and Allergy European Network (GA²LEN), with partners and collaborating centres across Europe, was in a unique position to take on this task. The current study is the first approach to implement a standardized procedure for skin prick testing in allergies against inhalant allergens with a standardized pan‐European allergen panel. Methods: The study population consisted of patients who were referred to one of the 17 participating centres in 14 European countries ( n = 3034, median age = 33 years). Skin prick testing and evaluation was performed with the same 18 allergens in a standardized procedure across all centres. Results: The study clearly shows that many allergens previously regarded as untypical for some regions in Europe have been underestimated. This could partly be related to changes in mobility of patients, vegetation or climate in Europe. Conclusion: The results of this large pan‐European study demonstrate for the first time sensitization patterns for different inhalant allergens in patients across Europe. The standardized skin prick test with the standardized allergen battery should be recommended for clinical use and research. Further EU‐wide monitoring of sensitization patterns is urgently needed.
Partial liquid ventilation: effects of liquid volume and ventilatory settings on perfluorocarbon evaporation
Authors: S.A. Loer, D. Kindgen-Milles, J. Tarnow
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

During partial liquid ventilation perfluorocarbons are eliminated mainly by evaporation via the airways. The effects of intrapulmonary perfluorocarbon volume, respiratory rate, tidal volume, as well as the level of end-expiratory pressure on perfluorocarbon elimination from isolated lungs, were studied. Nonperfused rabbit lungs underwent partial liquid ventilation (2-15 mL x kg(-1) perfluorocarbon) with variable levels of end-expiratory pressure (0-10 cmH2O), respiratory rates (15-60 breaths x min(-1)) and tidal volumes (3.3-10.0 mL x kg(-1)). Evaporative loss of perfluorocarbon was determined gravimetrically as rate of change in lung weight. At constant respiratory settings, intrapulmonary liquid volume determined evaporative loss in a nonlinear fashion. Mean evaporation at a liquid volume of 5 mL x kg(-1) was 13% lower compared to evaporation at a liquid volume of 15 mL x kg(-1). Any increase in end-expiratory pressure reduced perfluorocarbon evaporation, e.g. by approximately 50% when end-expiratory pressure was increased from 0 to 10 cmH2O. At constant end-expiratory pressure and perfluorocarbon filling evaporation increased in a linear fashion with increasing respiratory rate and tidal volume. In summary, the experiments suggested that evaporative loss of perfluorocarbons during partial liquid ventilation of isolated lungs is increased with increasing intrapulmonary liquid volume, respiratory rate and tidal volume and is reduced in a level-dependent fashion by the application of positive end-expiratory pressure.