tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Origin of urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in glomerulonephritis.
Authors: M Ekberg, M Pandolfi
Journal: BMJ (1975)

To elucidate the origin of the fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (F.D.P.) occurring in the urine in glomerulonephritis 28 patients with glomerulonephritis were examined for renal fibrinolytic activity, F.D.P. in urine and serum, and blood fibrinolytic activators and blood fibrinolytic activators and inhibitors. Unlike the glomerful of healthy kidneys, which were fibrinolyticly inactive, those of kidneys with glomerulonephritis constantly showed fibrinolytic activity. The presence or absence of fibrin in the glomeruli was almost always accompanied by, respectively, the presence or absence of urinary F.D.P., which suggested a renal origin of urinary F.D.P. in glomerulonephritis. The low fibrinolytic activity of the blood and the absence of F.D.P. in the serum of these patients make it unlikely that the urinary F.D.P. in glomerulonephritis result from glomerular filtration.
Evaluating Medical Training Programs by the Quality of Care Delivered by Their Alumni
Authors: David A. Asch, Andrew Epstein, Sean Nicholson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

MEDICAL EDUCATION SERVES MANY GOALS, AND all of them are difficult to measure. For that reason, assertions that one medical school or residency program is better than another may have many different meanings. Nevertheless, most stakeholders, including prospective trainees, health systems, and patients, could be justified in expecting that graduates of good training programs generally take care of patients well, and that graduates of better training programs generally take care of patients better. The evaluation of medical education programs ought to keep this goal in sight. Because patient outcomes are already used to judge the performance of physicians and hospitals, a logical extension might be to evaluate training programs in part by the downstream outcomes of patients treated by their graduates. A key issue is whether patients have better outcomes if they receive care from physicians trained at top institutions. Although the institutional effect of a training site might not have as much predictive value as other physician characteristics, training pedigree might distinguish physicians, and it is easily observable. This idea has intuitive appeal, but also presents considerable challenges to its development and possible use. Several conceptual issues related to clinical quality-based evaluation of medical training must be considered, leading to a proposed research agenda.
BLOOD VIRAL PCR FREQUENTLY IDENTIFIES CARDIOTROPIC VIRUSES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH CLINICAL MYOCARDITIS OR RECENT ONSET DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY AT TIME OF PRESENTATION
Authors: Kathleen Simpson, Gregory A. Storch, Caroline K. Lee, Madeleine Cunningham, Kent Ward, Alan Tong, Catherine Simon, Jeffrey Delaney, Saar Danon, Charles Canter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Healing Touch
Authors: Lucie Opatrny
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

On Being a Doctor17 December 2002The Healing TouchLucie Opatrny, MD, FRCP(C)Lucie Opatrny, MD, FRCP(C)Royal Victoria Hospital–McGill University Health Center; Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Mr. B. was lying on the hard, flat ER cot when I pulled back the curtain surrounding his bed. It was 5:00 a.m., and he was sleeping quietly. Given the hour, I felt a twinge of guilt at waking him up for questioning and examination, so I stared at him for a few seconds. His face was gaunt and his full head of hair a stark white. I glanced down at the triage report sheet—he was an 86-year-old male coming in with fatigue. I noticed that his legs were hanging over the edge of the cot and realized that he ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Royal Victoria Hospital–McGill University Health Center; Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada.Corresponding Author: Lucie Opatrny, MD, FRCP(C), Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Avenue West, Room M10.02, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA Case for Mistaken Identity 17 December 2002Volume 137, Issue 12Page: 1003KeywordsFatigueHand strengthNursesNursing homesShouldersSleepThoraxTouchTriageVital signs ePublished: 17 December 2002 Issue Published: 17 December 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Incidence of Type I Diabetes in the Liguria Region, Italy: Results of a prospective study in a 0- to 14-year age-group
Authors: Massimo Mazzella, Mario Cotellessa, Stefano Bonassi, Roberta Mulas, Antonino Caratozzolo, Shamir Gaber, Cesare Romano
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To assess updated incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in 0- to 14-year-old children in Liguria, a northwest region of Italy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Incident cases were recorded prospectively from 1987 to 1991. Incidence rates (IRs) were directly standardized on the basis of the 1990 world population. The independent effect of age, sex, residence, and calendar year was estimated with a Poisson regression model. The degree of ascertainment was calculated in accordance with the capture/recapture method. RESULTS During 5 full calendar years, 117 new cases of IDDM in children were diagnosed in Liguria. The standardized IR over the 5-year period was 11.72 cases·100,000−1·year−1. The sex-specific IR among males and females was 11.45 and 12.01, respectively. The age-specific IR was higher in the 5–9 age-group. CONCLUSIONS The IR of IDDM in Liguria is among the highest in southern Europe and approaches that of northern European countries. In particular, it is much higher than those reported in the surrounding Italian regions, except for Sardinia. Therefore, the geographical distribution of IDDM does not seem to reflect the simple north-south gradient reported in several previous studies.
Infective Ear Disease in Factory Employees
Authors: C. M. Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1948)

A serious cause of wastage of man-power in the late war was due to disease of the ear.Thus during February and March, 1943, at four large military hospitals in the United Kingdom 11,956 out-patients were seen, of whom no fewer than 1,517 (12.7%) were suffering from diseases of the ear, nose, or throat.Of these 1,517 cases approximately one-half (6 %) were due to all forms of disease of the ear and one-quarter (3%) to chronic suppurative otitis media.Thus it was shown that chronic ear disease caused a serious loss of fighting man-power in time of emergency.There was good reason for believing that this serious state of affairs had its basis in the high rate of ear disease preva- lent in the civilian population, and this was strikingly confirmed by the results of a study of the records of the Ministry of Labour and National Service Boards, which revealed that just over 2% of the recruits examined were rejected on account of chronic ear disease, while diseases of the ear were responsible for 10% of the total number rejected from all causes.:Now chronic ear diseases, in particular C.S.O.M., are well known as potent causes of inefficiency, invalidism, or early death.Occupational groups such as food manufac- turers, shops, the General Post Office, and life assurance companies recognize their importance and may penalize the sufferer by refusing him employment or insurance as the case may be.The high incidence of the disease, emphasized by wartime experience, therefore demanded considera- tion in the planning of the health services of the country, and the present study of the incidence, prevention, and treatment of chronic ear disease in a sample of the civilian population owes its inception and design to the committee of the Medical Research Council appointed to advise upon the medical and surgical treatment of deafness.Much information about ear disease in children had already been obtained from the school medical services.The methods and results of treatment of the disease in hospital practice were well known among otologists, but Introductory Note on Factory Medical Services Before the late war many factories employed a trained nurse and some a part-time or whole-time medical officer.During the war the large influx of unskilled labour and the longer working hours made an extension of the factory medical service essential, and many of the larger factories
X-rays and Breast Cancer
Authors: John W. Gofman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —My estimate that at least 75% of current breast cancer in the United States is due to earlier medical irradiation<sup>1</sup>was called a 12-fold overestimate in the article by Mr Skolnick.<sup>2</sup>He is quoting Clark Heath of the American Cancer Society, who asserts that I made "two serious errors." First, an alleged twofold overestimate comes from my "assumption" that dose response is supralinear. This is no assumption. The human evidence from the survivors of the atomic bomb for all cancers combined shows supralinearity fitting the observations provably better than linearity.<sup>3</sup>Supralinearity specifically for breast cancer is visible to anyone who inspects the figure on page S26 of Thompson et al,<sup>4</sup>although the analysis by Land<sup>5</sup>raises questions. Second, an alleged sixfold overestimate comes from transport of Japanese evidence to the United States. Why did I not use North American data? Because (1)
<i>Wit: A Play</i>Raises Issues of Emotional Needs of Patients
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aflatoxin Contamination of Commercial Maize Products during an Outbreak of Acute Aflatoxicosis in Eastern and Central Kenya
Authors: Lauren Lewis, Mary Onsongo, Henry Njapau, Helen Schurz-Rogers, George Luber, Stephanie Kieszak, Jack Nyamongo, Lorraine Backer, Abdikher Mohamud Dahiye, Ambrose Misore, Kevin DeCock, Carol Rubin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

In April 2004, one of the largest aflatoxicosis outbreaks occurred in rural Kenya, resulting in 317 cases and 125 deaths. Aflatoxin-contaminated homegrown maize was the source of the outbreak, but the extent of regional contamination and status of maize in commercial markets (market maize) were unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the extent of market maize contamination and evaluate the relationship between market maize aflatoxin and the aflatoxicosis outbreak. We surveyed 65 markets and 243 maize vendors and collected 350 maize products in the most affected districts. Fifty-five percent of maize products had aflatoxin levels greater than the Kenyan regulatory limit of 20 ppb, 35% had levels > 100 ppb, and 7% had levels > 1,000 ppb. Makueni, the district with the most aflatoxicosis case-patients, had significantly higher market maize aflatoxin than did Thika, the study district with fewest case-patients (geometric mean aflatoxin = 52.91 ppb vs. 7.52 ppb, p = 0.0004). Maize obtained from local farms in the affected area was significantly more likely to have aflatoxin levels > 20 ppb compared with maize bought from other regions of Kenya or other countries (odds ratio = 2.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-6.59). Contaminated homegrown maize bought from local farms in the affected area entered the distribution system, resulting in widespread aflatoxin contamination of market maize. Contaminated market maize, purchased by farmers after their homegrown supplies are exhausted, may represent a source of continued exposure to aflatoxin. Efforts to successfully interrupt exposure to aflatoxin during an outbreak must consider the potential role of the market system in sustaining exposure.
Study confirms metal-on-metal hips are more likely to fail than other devices
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Metal-on-metal hip implants are far more likely to fail within five years than other types, with women at greater risk than men, a study of data from the National Joint Registry of England and Wales has shown.

The authors of the study, published in the Lancet (13 March 2012, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60353-5), call for a ban on this type of implant. Ashley Blom, of the University of Bristol, a co-author of the study, said that most people given a metal-on-metal hip had not needed to have it replaced. But with other choices available, there was no reason to take the risk. “If I were a patient I would not …
Erythropoietin response in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea.
Authors: P Pokala, M Llanera, J Sherwood, S Scharf, H Steinberg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We measured nocturnal plasma erythropoietin concentration (EPO) in eight subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and eight healthy overweight subjects while they were undergoing nocturnal polysomnography. We also measured EPO (radioimmunoassay) after 120 min of exposure to 10.5% O2. The subjects with OSAS had a respiratory disturbance index (RDI) of 50.8 +/- 41.9 and a maximal O2 desaturation of 65 +/- 13.3%, and they spent 104.5 +/- 89.3 min out of a total sleep time of 356 +/- 54 min below 90% oxygen saturation (T90). Nocturnal EPO concentrations were normal and did not differ between the two groups. We found no correlation between the T90, T80, or RDI and either the mean or maximal EPO concentrations. After the exposure to 10.5% oxygen, during which oxygen saturations were between 80 and 85%, the healthy subjects and those with OSAS developed increases in EPO of 34 and 49%, respectively, 240 min after the initiation of exposure (p < 0.05). We conclude that the nocturnal hypoxemia occurring in these subjects with OSAS may not have been sufficiently severe to stimulate an increased EPO production. The lack of EPO response was not due to down-regulation of EPO production.
Magnesium abolishes inadequate kinetics of frequency adaptation of the Q-aT interval in the presence of sotalol
Authors: Gerhard Stark, Ingrid Schwarzl, Ulrike Heiden, Ulrike Stark, Helmut A Tritthart
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: It has been well established that class III antiarrhythmic drugs can also induce ventricular arrhythmias. Marked changes in the QT interval are correlated with an increased dispersion of repolarization which is an important factor for the induction of ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of sotalol alone and in combination with MgSO4 on the Q-aT interval during abrupt changes in heart rate. Methods: The experiments were performed on isolated guinea-pig hearts perfused by the method of Langendorff. The rate adaptation of the Q-aT interval was estimated after abruptly changing the ventricular pacing rate from 220 to 180 ms and back to 220 ms. Results: In the presence of 10 μM sotalol, at a constant pacing cycle length of 220 ms, the QT interval was prolonged significantly (P<0.01) from 152±4 to 166±3 ms (mean±s.e.m., n = 8 in each group). The addition of 3.4 mM MgSO4 caused a slight further prolongation of the QT interval. After abruptly shortening the pacing cycle length from 220 to 180 ms, the Q-aT interval shortened within 2 min by 11.3±0.5 ms with a time constant (τ) of 77±9 beats under control conditions, by 15.4±0.9 ms (P<0.05 vs. control) with τ = 52±7 beats (P<0.05 vs. control) in the presence of sotalol, and by 13.1±1.2 ms with τ = 158±13 beats under the combination of sotalol (10 μM) and MgSO4 (3.4 mM). After abrupt shortening of the pacing cycle length the Q-aT interval of the first beat was shortened by 3.3±0.3 ms under control conditions, by 7.1±0.2 ms (P<0.01 vs. control) under sotalol, and by 4.2±0.2 ms with the combination of sotalol and MgSO4. If the pacing cycle length was abruptly increased from 180 to 220 ms, the effects were comparable to those described above. Conclusions: Sotalol led to inadequate kinetics of rate adaptation of the Q-aT interval indicated by a high amplitude of Q-aT interval change, especially within the first beat after abrupt change in the pacing rate. MgSO4 abolished this effect of sotalol. These findings suggest that MgSO4 could reduce sotalol-induced inadequate kinetics of rate adaptation and therefore also dispersion of repolarization, which may result in a reduction of sotalol- induced ventricular arrhythmias.
Renal Effects of Coxsackie B4 Virus in Hyper-IgA Mice
Authors: Yukihiko Kawasaki, Hosoya Mitsuaki, Masato Isome, Ruriko Nozawa, Hitoshi Suzuki
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

For clarification of the pathogenetic role of viral infection in chronic glomerulonephritis, the renal effects of Coxsackie B4 virus (CB4) were examined in hyper-IgA (HIGA) mice. In experiment 1, HIGA mice (n = 75) were inoculated intravenously with live CB4 and inactivated CB4 once a month from 1 to 12 mo of age. In experiment 2, HIGA mice (n = 45) were inoculated intravenously with live CB4 and inactivated CB4 once at 6 wk of age. In experiment 3, 60 mice were inoculated intravenously with carbon and live or inactivated CB4 once at 6 wk of age. Mice in the control group were inoculated with vehicle. The kidneys were extirpated from five mice of each group killed with time after inoculation for histologic evaluation. The scores for mesangial IgA deposition, PCNA-positive cells, and matrix at 20 wk were higher in mice with live CB4 than in mice with inactivated CB4 or without CB4. On electron microscopic examination, swelling and detachment of endothelial cells from 24 h after inoculation and increase of serum IFN-γ concentration were found in mice with live CB4. Many carbon particles were present in peripheral and central zones of the mesangium from 5 to 10 d in mice with carbon and live CB4. These results suggest that CB4 provokes exacerbation of renal pathologic findings in HIGA mice via endothelial injury, IFN-γ production, and dysfunction of the mesangial pathway.
Some Perturbations in Medicine
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>The Appearance of Full-time Professors</h3><h3>JAMA:</h3> How did US academic medicine develop? <h3>Petersdorf:</h3> I would like to trace the development of modern academic medicine in the United States from the time when full-time professors of medicine in this country began to appear: 1900 to 1930. The first departments of medicine with a full-time professor were established at The Johns Hopkins, Columbia, and, later, at Cornell and Barnes Hospitals, and, of course, the "Big Three in Boston": The Massachusetts General Hospital, the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and the Boston City Hospital. These early departments of medicine involved only a handful of people. There was usually one professor, and he had a number of assistants who would work primarily on his research interests and help to care for his patients. The major change that differentiated these professors from their predecessors in medical schools was that they were not primarily in private practice.
TCT-40 Incidence and Acute Clinical Outcomes of Small Side Branch Occlusion After Implantation of Everolimus-eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold in the ABSORB-EXTEND Single-arm Trial
Authors: Takashi Muramatsu, Yoshinobu Onuma, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Vasim Farooq, Marie-Angèle Morel, Cécile Dorange, Susan Veldhof, Alexandre Abizaid, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Prediction plays a key role in language development as well as processing
Authors: Matt A. Johnson, Nicholas B. Turk-Browne, Adele E. Goldberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Although the target article emphasizes the important role of prediction in language use , prediction may well also play a key role in the initial formation of linguistic representations, that is, in language development . We outline the role of prediction in three relevant language-learning domains: transitional probabilities, statistical preemption, and construction learning.
The early posthospital phase of myocardial infarction. Prognostic stratification.
Authors: A J Moss, J DeCamilla, H Davis, L Bayer
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Prognostic stratification was carried out on 518 patients less than or equal to 65 years of age who were discharged from the hospital following a definite or probable acute myocardial infarction and followed for four months. The total population was made up of 272 patients hospitalzed in 1973 and 246 patients hospitalized in 1974; one hundred and forty-two variables were collected on each patient. The clinical characteristics of the 1973 and 1974 populations were remarkably similar, and both groups had a four-month posthospital cardiac mortality rate of 4%. Two prognostic stratification schemes were developed on the 1973 population which identified low and high risk groups with meaningfully different four-month cardiac death rates. Both stratification schemes were tested on the 1974 population, and one of the two schemes was validated as identifying a significantly increased cardiac mortality rate in the high as opposed to the low risk group. The four-month posthospital cardiac mortality rate was 3% in the low and 14% in the high risk group (Z = 2.70, P less than 0.003). The high risk group was characterized by two or more of the following characteristics: 1) history of angina at ordinary levels of activity or at rest; 2) CCU hypotension and/or congestive heart failure; 3) ventricular premature beat frequency greater than or equal to 20/hr on a six-hour electrocardiographic tape recording. The low risk group had none or only one of the above characteristcis. The prognostic power of this stratification scheme is such that sixteen percent of the posthospital population can be identified as high risk, and this subgroup contains forty-six percent of the patients who die of cardiac cause in the four-month posthospital interval.