tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathology of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction
Authors: JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Lesions causing obstruction to the outflow of blood from the left ventricle may reside in the ascending aorta, the aortic valve, or the outflow tract of the left ventricle. Conditions involving the ascending aorta are usually congenital, and designated as supravalvular aortic stenosis. A tendency is present for this condition to be associated with mental retardation, stenosis of peripheral pulmonary arteries, stenosis of branches of the aortic arch, and a peculiar facies. Secondary narrowing of coronary arteries may occur. Obstruction at the aortic valve is usually represented by a stenotic lesion. In some instances, the basis for stenosis is congenital; in others, it is acquired either through the direct effects of rheumatic endocarditis or through calcification of an acquired or congenital bicuspid aortic valve. Atresia of the aortic valve causes death in infancy. Subaortic stenosis is a complicated subject. It may be represented by a primary anomaly of the left ventricular outflow tract or may be secondary either to conditions primary in the mitral valve or to generalized diseases of the myocardium. In some instances of subaortic stenosis, this process is one part of a complex cardiac malformation.
Ten-Year Hospital Plan — Smallpox in Great Britain — Military Medicine
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

JUST a year ago, the Minister of Health asked hospital boards throughout the country to submit proposals for building work to be started during the next ten years. Having studied their replies in relation to each other and to the total sum of £500,000,000 to be provided for the work, he has now announced a comprehensive building plan for the next decade. District hospitals, with 600 to 800 beds and providing a full range of general medical, surgical and specialist services, are planned to provide the medical care for populations of about 150,000. The district hospital will also provide facilities . . .
A high bone marrow plasma cell labeling index in stable plateau–phase multiple myeloma is a marker for early disease progression and death
Authors: David P. Steensma, Morie A. Gertz, Philip R. Greipp, Robert A. Kyle, Martha Q. Lacy, John A. Lust, Janice R. Offord, Matthew F. Plevak, Terry M. Therneau, Thomas E. Witzig
Journal: Blood (2001)
285 Bronchial mucosal intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1] and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 [ELAM-1] expression in normals and asthmatics
Authors: S MONTEFORT, W ROCHE, P HOWARTH, R DIUKANOVIC, M CARROLL, C GRATZIOU, L SMITH, K BRITTEN, T LEE, S HOLGATE
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1991)
UK government is condemned for compromise on smoking ban
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Only a partial ban on smoking in enclosed public spaces will be introduced in England in 2007, and many pubs and bars will be exempt. The announcement by the UK government came after a widely publicised split in the cabinet that ended in a defeat for advocates of a complete ban.

The decision drew condemnation from Labour MPs, doctors, antismoking groups, and the pub industry. Labour MPs blamed the defence secretary, John Reid, for derailing a total ban.

Mr Reid argued that to ban smoking in all pubs would be to impose puritanical middle class values on the broader …
Evolution and ontogeny of neural circuits
Authors: Sven O. E. Ebbesson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1984)

Abstract Recent studies on neural pathways in a broad spectrum of vertebrates suggest that, in addition to migration and an increase in the number of certain select neurons, a significant aspect of neural evolution is a “parcellation” (segregation-isolation) process that involves the loss of selected connections by the new aggregates. A similar process occurs during ontogenetic development. These findings suggest that in many neuronal systems axons do not invade unknown territories during evolutionary or ontogenetic development but follow in their ancestors' paths to their ancestral targets; if the connection is later lost, it reflects the specialization of the circuitry. The pattern of interspecific variability suggests (1) that overlap of circuits is a more common feature in primitive (generalized) than in specialized brain organizations and (2) that most projections, such as the retinal, thalamotelencephalic, corticotectal, and tectal efferent ones, were bilateral in the primitive condition. Specialization of these systems in some vertebrate groups has involved the selective loss of connections, resulting in greater isolation of functions. The parcellation process may also play an important role in cell diversification. The parcellation process as described here is thought to be one of several underlying mechanisms of evolutionary and ontogenetic differentiation.
Maturation of Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells from Myofibroblastic Precursors Is Critical for Antiviral Immunity
Authors: Qian Chai, Lucas Onder, Elke Scandella, Cristina Gil-Cruz, Christian Perez-Shibayama, Jovana Cupovic, Renzo Danuser, Tim Sparwasser, Sanjiv A. Luther, Volker Thiel, Thomas Rülicke, Jens V. Stein, Thomas Hehlgans, Burkhard Ludewig
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Atsuhiro Kumabe, Takatsugu Kawase, Kouki Miura, Yuichiro Tada, Tatsuo Masubuchi, Shin-etsu Kamata, Shuji Tanada, Atsushi Kubo, Yasuo Tajima, Naoyuki Shigematsu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor typically originating in the skin of the eyelid. We report an unusual case of sebaceous carcinoma originating in the parotid gland of a 23-year-old woman. The patient underwent F-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) to determine the initial clinical stage. FDG PET/CT revealed strong uptake in the primary lesion but neither regional lymphatic nor distant metastasis were seen. These findings allowed for an accurate prediction of the nodal status, which contributed to precise determination of the initial stage. FDG PET/CT scans may be useful for the initial staging of cutaneous sebaceous carcinomas as well.
A Comment on the "Amotivational Syndrome" in Marijuana Smokers
Authors: DAVID J. KUPFER, THOMAS DETRE, JACQUELINE KORAL, PETER FAJANS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Heavy smokers and light smokers of marijuana were compared for general psychological health, stable personality traits, changes in personality induced by long-term use of marijuana, effects of multiple drug use, and the "amotivational syndrome" that is said to result from heavy use of the drug. Results did not indicate any overall pattern of excess psychopathology for either group, although significant differences were found in levels of depression and organicity and in various personality traits. The findings suggest that heavy use of marijuana may be related to already existing depression and that impaired motivation may be a manifestation of depression rather than a consequence of frequent mairjuana use.
Antibiotic-Resistant Gonococci-Reply
Authors: Benjamin Schwimmer
Journal: JAMA (1962)

I have no strong objections to increasing the dose of procaine penicillin G so long as the entire treatment is given in one visit. The volume of the injection becomes a problem as the dose is raised. A dose of 3,000,000 units of the drug requires the injection of 10 ml. by volume, which would best be
Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Frank C. Wheelock, Richard Warren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

SINCE 1915 a continuing interest in ulcerative colitis at the Massachusetts General Hospital has been shown by a series of staff members, both medical and surgical. The years have witnessed an evolution in operative management from simple appendicostomy to primary total colectomy and ileostomy at one stage. Clinical studies published in the past have dealt with the proper timing and type of operation, appraisal of the ileostomy nuisance and evaluation of the complications of ileostomy.1 2 3 Separation of patients into medical and surgical groups has been a matter of custom to conform to the necessity of so dividing clinical responsibilities, and . . .
A STUDY BY THE SINGLE CELL METHOD OF THE INFLUENCE OF HOMOLOGOUS ANTIPNEUMOCOCCIC SERUM ON THE GROWTH RATE OF PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: M. A. Barber
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

1. Under the conditions stated pneumococci grow as readily in the serum of horses highly immunized to the homologous organism as they do in normal horse serum, and the rate of growth is not appreciably diminished. 2. This failure of immune serum to affect the growth rate is not altered when fresh rabbit blood, fresh human blood, or rabbit blister fluid is added in order to supply any hypothetical complement which might be lacking. 3. We have not been able to show that when immune horse serum is injected intravenously into rabbits or intraperitoneally into mice, it acquires the property of killing pneumococci or inhibiting their growth. 4. Experimental evidence has been obtained indicating that in the peritoneal cavity of the passively immunized mouse the growth of extracellular pneumococci continues at apparently the normal rate, until the bacteria are engulfed by phagocytes. 5. The immunizing and protective power of antipneumococcic serum probably depends, in part at least, on properties which are not at present known. It has not been possible in the present study to demonstrate that one of these properties consists in delaying the growth of pneumococci.
Neural Primacy of the Salience Processing System in Schizophrenia
Authors: Lena Palaniyappan, Molly Simmonite, Thomas P. White, Elizabeth B. Liddle, Peter F. Liddle
Journal: Neuron (2013)

For effective information processing, two large-scale distributed neural networks appear to be critical: a multimodal executive system anchored on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and a salience system anchored on the anterior insula. Aberrant interaction among distributed networks is a feature of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. We used whole-brain Granger causal modeling using resting fMRI and observed a significant failure of both the feedforward and reciprocal influence between the insula and the DLPFC in schizophrenia. Further, a significant failure of directed influence from bilateral visual cortices to the insula was also seen in patients. These findings provide compelling evidence for a breakdown of the salience-execution loop in the clinical expression of psychosis. In addition, this offers a parsimonious explanation for the often-observed "frontal inefficiency," the failure to recruit prefrontal system when salient or novel information becomes available in patients with schizophrenia.
Abstract 4843: Genetic variants in Notch signaling pathway and ovarian cancer.
Authors: Enping Xu, Karen H. Lu, Michelle AT Hildebrandt, Maosheng Huang, Xifeng Wu, Dong Liang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The Notch signaling pathway drives proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, cell fate choices, and has a key role in the regulation of stem cells in a variety of cancers. In this study, we applied a pathway-based approach to evaluate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in Notch signaling pathway and ovarian cancer risk, survival, and response to chemotherapy. Towards this, we systematically genotyped 139 SNPs from 10 genes in the pathway in 339 Caucasian ovarian cancer cases and 349 Caucasian healthy controls. Individually, four SNPs were significantly associated with the ovarian cancer risk. The most significant SNP was NOTCH4: rs397081, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.38 (95% CI = 0.22-0.66, P=0.00057). A highly significant gene-dosage effect was observed for these top variants (P for trend &amp;lt; 0.00001) with those carrying ≥ 3 risk genotypes having a nearly 6-fold increase in risk (OR = 5.67, 95% CI = 2.58 - 12.44] . Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis further revealed potential higher order gene-gene interactions between these four SNPs, with the highest risk group having almost 7-fold increased risk. Ten SNPs were significantly associated with overall survival, of which the strongest association was identified for NOTCH4: rs3131290 (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.27-0.84). Cumulative effect analysis showed that multiple adverse genotypes had a significant dose-dependent effect on overall survival. The median survival times for individuals carrying ≤3, 4 to 6, and ≥7 of these adverse genotypes were &amp;gt;186.3, 62.82, and 28.58 months, respectively. Similarly, a significant association was identified between a poor response to platinum-based chemotherapy and the number of unfavorable SNPs (P for trend &amp;lt; 0.0001). Our findings suggest that genetic variants in the Notch signaling pathway are associated with ovarian cancer risk and could serve as potential predictors of clinical outcomes in ovarian cancer patients. Citation Format: Enping Xu, Karen H. Lu, Michelle AT Hildebrandt, Maosheng Huang, Xifeng Wu, Dong Liang. Genetic variants in Notch signaling pathway and ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4843. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4843
941-17 Left Atrial Booster Pump Function in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy and Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yuepeng Wang, Katsu Takenaka, Yukihiro Kuwada, Makoto Sonoda, Tsutomu Igarashi, Fumiyoshi Watanabe, Masao Omata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
P vivax malaria is greater threat to health than thought, study shows
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A new study of the prevalence of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax shows that it is more widespread and potentially represents a greater burden on human health in some parts of the world than P falciparum , the species usually associated with the greatest mortality and morbidity.

A new evidence based global distribution map of P vivax estimates that 2.85 billion people lived at risk of infection with this parasite in 2009, predominantly in east and central Asia ( PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000774).

The study, conducted as part of the Malaria Atlas Project, a multinational research collaboration funded mainly by the Wellcome Trust, challenges the idea that …
THE PHYSICAL AND HEREDITARY NATURE OF VICE.
Authors: U. P. STAIR
Journal: JAMA (1884)

The question as to whether the basis of moral states, which find their expression in conduct, are to be sought for in existing brain activities, pathological or physiological, is one which is taking a more or less leading place in modern scientific thought. Stripped of all its theological associations, and viewed solely from a scientific standpoint, to say nothing of its legal bearings, the question becomes one of no little importance. Is there, then, a pathological or abnormal basis for vice to be found in the brain of the so-called criminal classes? The first point of importance to be noted is the claim that, lying at the bottom of those perturbations of conduct which characterize these classes, and which constitute their chief or sole cause, is to be found a lack of proper brain development, and that this physical defect is the constant heritage of these classes, through hereditary transmission.
A reliable early symptom of bronchial or tracheal rupture
Authors: A. Eijgelaar, J. N. H. Van Der Heide
Journal: Thorax (1970)

A tracheal or bronchial rupture is a severe lesion which is frequently overlooked during the initial post-traumatic period. The best results in the treatment of such ruptures are obtained by the earliest possible restoration of the continuity of the air passages. Early reconstruction, however, depends on early diagnosis. The diagnosis is established with certainty by means of bronchoscopy. The symptom of `deep cervical emphysema9 is presented as an aid in selecting, from the many accident victims with chest injuries, those who should be submitted to bronchoscopy for immediate identification of any rupture of the major air passages. This deep cervical emphysema is readily recognizable on an antero-posterior radiograph of the cervical region and upper mediastinum.
Transplantation of Autologous Differentiated Urothelium in an Experimental Model of Composite Cystoplasty
Authors: Alex Turner, Ramnath Subramanian, David F.M. Thomas, Jennifer Hinley, Syed Khawar Abbas, Jens Stahlschmidt, Jennifer Southgate
Journal: European Urology (2010)

Enterocystoplasty is associated with serious complications resulting from the chronic interaction between intestinal epithelium and urine. Composite cystoplasty is proposed as a means of overcoming these complications by substituting intestinal epithelium with tissue-engineered autologous urothelium.To develop a robust surgical procedure for composite cystoplasty and to determine if outcome is improved by transplantation of a differentiated urothelium.Bladder augmentation with in vitro-generated autologous tissues was performed in 11 female Large-White hybrid pigs in a well-equipped biomedical centre with operating facilities. Participants were a team comprising scientists, urologists, a veterinary surgeon, and a histopathologist.Urothelium harvested by open biopsy was expanded in culture and used to develop sheets of nondifferentiated or differentiated urothelium. The sheets were transplanted onto a vascularised, de-epithelialised, seromuscular colonic segment at the time of bladder augmentation. After removal of catheters and balloon at two weeks, voiding behaviour was monitored and animals were sacrificed at 3 months for immunohistology.Eleven pigs underwent augmentation, but four were lost to complications. Voiding behaviour was normal in the remainder. At autopsy, reconstructed bladders were healthy, lined by confluent urothelium, and showed no fibrosis, mucus, calculi, or colonic regrowth. Urothelial morphology was transitional with variable columnar attributes consistent between native and augmented segments. Bladders reconstructed with differentiated cell sheets had fewer lymphocytes infiltrating the lamina propria, indicating more effective urinary barrier function.The study endorses the potential for composite cystoplasty by (1) successfully developing reliable techniques for transplanting urothelium onto a prepared, vascularised, smooth muscle segment and (2) creating a functional urothelium-lined augmentation to overcome the complications of conventional enterocystoplasty.
Inherited disorders of voltage-gated sodium channels
Authors: A. L. George
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

A variety of inherited human disorders affecting skeletal muscle contraction, heart rhythm, and nervous system function have been traced to mutations in genes encoding voltage-gated sodium channels. Clinical severity among these conditions ranges from mild or even latent disease to life-threatening or incapacitating conditions. The sodium channelopathies were among the first recognized ion channel diseases and continue to attract widespread clinical and scientific interest. An expanding knowledge base has substantially advanced our understanding of structure-function and genotype-phenotype relationships for voltage-gated sodium channels and provided new insights into the pathophysiological basis for common diseases such as cardiac arrhythmias and epilepsy.
Differences in Ig Replacement Therapy Dosing in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency in Europe: Results from the ESID Database
Authors: B. Gathmann, N. Mahlaoui, K. Warnatz, T.W. Kuijpers, S.S. Kilic, V. Thon, P.D. Arkwright, D. Kumararatne, A. Exley, M. Borte, A. Jones, B.H. Belohradsky, U. Baumann, N. Kütükcüler, T. Witte, C. Feighery, P. Wagström, H. Longhurst, R. Linde, H. Ritterbusch, E. Farmaki, A. Sediva, E. Papadopoulou-Alataki, Z. Panahloo, B. Grimbacher
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Xenoestrogens at Picomolar to Nanomolar Concentrations Trigger Membrane Estrogen Receptor-α–Mediated Ca <sup>2+</sup> Fluxes and Prolactin Release in GH3/B6 Pituitary Tumor Cells
Authors: Ann L. Wozniak, Nataliya N. Bulayeva, Cheryl S. Watson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Xenoestrogens (XEs) are widespread in our environment and are known to have deleterious effects in animal (and perhaps human) populations. Acting as inappropriate estrogens, XEs are thought to interfere with endogenous estrogens such as estradiol (E2) to disrupt normal estrogenic signaling. We investigated the effects of E2 versus several XEs representing organochlorine pesticides (dieldrin, endosulfan, o',p'-dichlorodiphenylethylene), plastics manufacturing by-products/detergents (nonylphenol, bisphenol A), a phytoestrogen (coumestrol), and a synthetic estrogen (diethylstilbestrol) on the pituitary tumor cell subline GH3/B6/F10, previously selected for expression of high levels of membrane estrogen receptor-alpha. Picomolar to nanomolar concentrations of both E2 and XEs caused intracellular Ca2+ changes within 30 sec of administration. Each XE produced a unique temporal pattern of Ca2+ elevation. Removing Ca2+ from the extracellular solution abolished both spontaneous and XE-induced intracellular Ca2+ changes, as did 10 microM nifedipine. This suggests that XEs mediate their actions via voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. None of the Ca2+ fluxes came from intracellular Ca2+ stores. E2 and each XE also caused unique time- and concentration-dependent patterns of prolactin (PRL) secretion that were largely complete within 3 min of administration. PRL secretion was also blocked by nifedipine, demonstrating a correlation between Ca2+ influx and PRL secretion. These data indicate that at very low concentrations, XEs mediate membrane-initiated intracellular CCa2+ increases resulting in PRL secretion via a mechanism similar to that for E2, but with distinct patterns and potencies that could explain their abilities to disrupt endocrine functions.
William (“Bob”) McIntosh Sinclair Ironside
Authors: G J C Smelt
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant otolaryngologist Huddersfield and Halifax, West Yorkshire (b Hong Kong 1923; q Aberdeen 1945; FRCS, FACCP), died from metastatic prostate cancer on 12 May 2004.

Bob did a year's research in Chicago and enjoyed it so much that he worked there for four years before returning to Yorkshire to devote 32 years to research and innovation in areas as diverse as antral cancer, hypophysectomy, bronchoscopy, and middle ear transplants. He taught and lectured at home and abroad and became president of the otology section of the Royal Society of Medicine. Bob was also an exceptional sportsman, representing Scottish Universities in rugby, golf, and swimming. He became a member of the Senior Golfers' Society and represented Great Britain in America. He leaves a wife, Joyce; two daughters; two stepsons; and his grandchildren.
Pretibial myxoedema: stilmulation of mucopolysaccharide production of fibroblasts by serum
Authors: D.S. KOLLIFFE, P.M. GAYLARDE, A.P. BROCK, I. SARKANY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

We have shown that sera from normal individuals and from patients with pretibial myxoedema contain a factor which simulates mucopolysaccharide biosynthesis in normal human skin fibroblasts cultured in vitro. This factor was present in larger amounts in sera of patients with pretibial myxoedema. The role of growth stimulating factors in serum is reviewed and a hypothesis is put forward that the fibroblast stimulating factor is somatomedin and that its presence in increased amounts in thyroid disease may lead to pretibial myxoedema.
Fundamental Differences in Electrophysiologic and Electroanatomic Substrate Between Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Patients With and Without Clinical Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Haris M. Haqqani, Jonathan M. Kalman, Kurt C. Roberts-Thomson, Richard N. Balasubramaniam, Raphael Rosso, Richard L. Snowdon, Paul B. Sparks, Jitendra K. Vohra, Joseph B. Morton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)