tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the most favoured methods for the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy in liver transplantation candidates
Authors: Annemarie Goldbecker, Karin Weissenborn, Golschan Hamidi Shahrezaei, Kambiz Afshar, Stefan Rümke, Hannelore Barg-Hock, Christian P Strassburg, Hartmut Hecker, Anita Blanka Tryc
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication of liver insufficiency. While there is widespread acceptance of its importance, there is no consensus on how best to diagnose and monitor HE. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare the four most favoured methods for the diagnosis of HE. <h3>Design</h3> 170 patients who were on the waiting list for liver transplantation as well as 86 healthy controls were included in the study. All patients and controls underwent the portosystemic encephalopathy syndrome test yielding the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES), the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS), the inhibitory control test (ICT) and critical flicker frequency (CFF) measurement. <h3>Results</h3> PHES and ICT targets had the best sensitivity (85.7% vs 85.7%) and specificity (96.5% vs 97.6%) for the diagnosis of overt HE. CFF showed inferior sensitivity (40.9%) for the diagnosis of HE and dependency from previous alcohol abuse (p=0.015). Multiple regression analysis showed that all test results apart from PHES were influenced by secondary diagnoses such as diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In the German population of patients awaiting liver transplantation, PHES is the most robust method for the diagnosis and follow-up of HE.
Effect of the thyroid state on the enzymatic characteristics of cardiac myosin. A difference in behavior of rat and rabbit cardiac myosin.
Authors: Y Yazaki, M S Raben
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The effect of thyroid state on the activity of myosin adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) was examined in the rat and the rabbit. Cardiac myosin from thyroxine-treated rabbits showed enzymatic properties characterized by high Ca2plus-activated ATPase activity, low activation energy, lower rate of inactivation at alkaline pH, and no activation by N-ethylmaleimide compared with the same properties in the normal rabbit; thyroidectomy did not affect the enzymatic properties of rabbit cardiac myosin. These findings suggest a difference in the myosin molecule at or near the active site, involving some sulfhydryl groups, between hyperthyroid and euthyroid rabbits. However, rat cardiac myosin showed a pattern of activity in the euthyroid state similar to that of the hyperthyroid rabbit and changed to the euthyroid type after thyroidectomy. These changes were specific for cardiac myosin, since no change was observed in skeletal myosin. It is unlikely that there are major differences in the myosin molecule associated with the two types of activity, since similar proportion and amino acid composition of the subunits of cardiac myosin were observed in the different thyroid states. Thus, we concluded that the administration of thyroxine to the rabbit stimulates the synthesis of new cardiac myosin with altered enzymatic properties and that synthesis of this type of cardiac myosin is maintained by the normal level of thyroid hormone in the rat.
The Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies to Treat Anxiety and Depression in the United States
Authors: Ronald C. Kessler, Jane Soukup, Roger B. Davis, David F. Foster, Sonja A. Wilkey, Maria I. Van Rompay, David M. Eisenberg
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

This study presents data on the use of complementary and alternative therapies to treat anxiety and depression in the United States.The data came from a nationally representative survey of 2,055 respondents (1997-1998) that obtained information on the use of 24 complementary and alternative therapies for the treatment of specific chronic conditions.A total of 9.4% of the respondents reported suffering from "anxiety attacks" in the past 12 months; 7.2% reported "severe depression." A total of 56.7% of those with anxiety attacks and 53.6% of those with severe depression reported using complementary and alternative therapies to treat these conditions during the past 12 months. Only 20.0% of those with anxiety attacks and 19.3% of those with severe depression visited a complementary or alternative therapist. A total of 65.9% of the respondents seen by a conventional provider for anxiety attacks and 66.7% of those seen by a conventional provider for severe depression also used complementary and alternative therapies to treat these conditions. The perceived helpfulness of these therapies in treating anxiety and depression was similar to that of conventional therapies.Complementary and alternative therapies are used more than conventional therapies by people with self-defined anxiety attacks and severe depression. Most patients visiting conventional mental health providers for these problems also use complementary and alternative therapies. Use of these therapies will likely increase as insurance coverage expands. Asking patients about their use could prevent adverse effects and maximize the usefulness of therapies subsequently proven to be effective.
Dual Association of β-Carotene With Risk of Tobacco-Related Cancers in a Cohort of French Women
Authors: Mathilde Touvier, Emmanuelle Kesse, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Intervention studies have demonstrated that, in smokers, beta-carotene supplements had a deleterious effect on risk of lung cancer and may have a deleterious effect on digestive cancers as well. We investigated a potential interaction between beta-carotene intake and smoking on the risk of tobacco-related cancers in women.A total of 59,910 women from the French Etude Epidémiologique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (E3N) prospective investigation were studied from 1994. After a median follow-up of 7.4 years, 700 women had developed cancers known to be associated with smoking. Diet, supplement use, and smoking status at baseline were assessed by self-report. beta-carotene intake was classified into four groups: first (low intake), second, and third tertiles of dietary intake, and use of supplements (high intake). Unadjusted and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer risk. All statistical tests were two-sided.Among never smokers, multivariable hazard ratios of all smoking-related cancers were 0.72 (95% CI = 0.57 to 0.92), 0.80 (95% CI = 0.64 to 1.01), and 0.44 (95% CI = 0.18 to 1.07) for the second and third tertiles of dietary intake, and high beta-carotene intake, respectively, compared with low intake (Ptrend = .03). Among ever smokers, multivariable hazard ratios were 1.43 (95% CI = 1.05 to 1.96), 1.20 (95% CI = 0.86 to 1.67), and 2.14 (95% CI = 1.16 to 3.97) for the second and third tertiles of dietary intake, and high beta-carotene intake, respectively, compared with low intake (Ptrend = .09). Tests for interaction between beta-carotene intake and smoking were statistically significant (Ptrend =.017). In this population, the absolute rates over 10 years in those with low and high beta-carotene intake were 181.8 and 81.7 cases per 10,000 women in never smokers and 174.0 and 368.3 cases per 10,000 women in ever smokers.beta-carotene intake was inversely associated with risk of tobacco-related cancers among nonsmokers with a statistically significant dose-dependent relationship, whereas high beta-carotene intake was directly associated with risk among smokers.
Rational constructivism, statistical inference, and core cognition
Authors: Fei Xu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract I make two points in this commentary on Carey (2009). First, it may be too soon to conclude that core cognition is innate. Recent advances in computational cognitive science and developmental psychology suggest possible mechanisms for developing inductive biases. Second, there is another possible answer to Fodor's challenge – if concepts are merely mental tokens, then cognitive scientists should spend their time on developing a theory of belief fixation instead.
Mitochondrial DNA in the sea urchin Arbacia lixula: evolutionary inferences from nucleotide sequence analysis.
Authors: C De Giorgi, C Lanave, M D Musci, C Saccone
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1991)

From the stirodont Arbacia lixula we determined the sequence of 5,127 nucleotides of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encompassing 18 tRNAs, two complete coding genes, parts of three other coding genes, and part of the 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The sequence confirms that the organization of mtDNA is conserved within echinoids. Furthermore, it underlines the following peculiar features of sea urchin mtDNA: the clustering of tRNAs, the short noncoding regulatory sequence, and the separation by the ND1 and ND2 genes of the two rRNA genes. Comparison with the orthologous sequences from the camarodont species Paracentrotus lividus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus revealed that (1) echinoids have an extra piece on the amino terminus of the ND5 gene that is probably the remnant of an old leucine tRNA gene; (2) third-position codon nucleotide usage has diverged between A. lixula and the camarodont species to a significant extent, implying different directional mutational pressures; and (3) the stirodont-camarodont divergence occurred twice as long ago as did the P. lividus-S. purpuratus divergence.
Symptomatic porphyria secondary to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: T. OCHIAI, T. MORISHIMA, M. KONDO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

A 58-year-old woman gave a 6-month history of porphyria-like photosensitivity. Fractioned porphyrin analysis by high performance liquid chromatography revealed elevated concentrations of all urinary porphyrins and faecal protoporphyrin. Hepatocellular carcinoma had developed in an otherwise normal liver. Tumour tissue fluoresced strongly under fluorescence microscopy, exhibiting elevated activity of three haem-biosynthetic enzymes, delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase. ALA dehydratase and porphobilinogen deaminase. This patient did not satisfy any of the criteria for inherited porphyria. The patient's symptoms were relieved after excision of the liver tumour. This strongly suggests that excessive porphyrin synthesis originated from the tumour tissue. Primary porphyria-like photosensitivity occurs as a paraneoplastic phenomenon, secondary to hepatocellular carcinoma.
Crossreactivity and inheritance of idiotypes restricted to human anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies.
Authors: C M Brozek, R S Geha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The presence of cross-reactive idiotypes on human IgG antibodies of tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen was assessed by examining the capacity of two anti-idiotypic (ID) antisera raised against IgG (Fab')2 anti-TT (idiotype) from two subjects to bind radiolabeled "idiotype" and to inhibit the binding of radiolabeled TT to IgG from unrelated subjects and from family members of the idiotype donors. Idiotypic crossreactivity with unrelated individuals was infrequent and weak but was frequent and stronger among siblings. The strongest idiotypic crossreactivity was seen between identical twins in studies using four anti-ID raised against the anti-TT idiotypes of two sets of twins. The results of the present study suggest that idiotypic determinants restricted to human anti-TT antibodies are, at least in part, encoded by inherited genes, which are infrequently shared among unrelated individuals.
Fluid-Management Strategies in Acute Lung Injury — Liberal, Conservative, or Both?
Authors: Emanuel P. Rivers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

One of the factorial assessments carried out in the Fluids and Catheters Treatment Trial (FACTT) conducted by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network, the results of which are reported by Wiedemann et al. in this issue of the Journal, 1 was to determine whether a conservative or a liberal strategy of fluid management was more effective in patients with established acute lung injury. Although there was no difference in mortality at 60 days between the two treatment groups, patients in the group treated according to a conservative strategy of fluid management had . . .
An Increase in Myeloid-Related Protein Serum Levels Precedes Acute Renal Allograft Rejection
Authors: KLAUS BURKHARDT, MARTIN RADESPIEL-TRÖGER, HARALD D. RUPPRECHT, MARGARETE GOPPELT-STRUEBE, REGINE RIESS, LUTZ RENDERS, INGEBORG A. HAUSER, ULRICH KUNZENDORF
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Upon interaction with activated endothelium, monocytes and neutrophils form complexes of myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP8) (S100A8) and MRP14 (S100A9), two members of the calcium-binding S100 family that are secreted during transendothelial migration. In a pilot study of 20 renal transplant recipients and a validation study of 36 renal transplant recipients, MRP8/14 serum levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 28 d, associated with C-reactive protein and creatinine serum levels, and grouped according to biopsy-proven acute rejection. Serum levels of MRP8/14 but not C-reactive protein were significantly increased for several days during the first 2 wk for the acute rejection groups in both studies (P < 0.005, on day 6 after transplantation). As determined by using receiver operating characteristic curves, the optimal cutoff for 100% specificity and high sensitivity (67%) for acute rejection on day 6 after transplantation was calculated to be 4.2 microg/ml for MRP8/14 in the pilot study; this value was confirmed in the validation study. Positive MRP8/14 serum levels preceded acute rejection episodes by a median of 5 d. A 3-d course of intravenous methylprednisolone therapy reduced prerejection MRP8/14 serum levels from 5.7 microg/ml to 3.3 microg/ml (P < 0.05). All MRP8/14 serum levels were below the cutoff during urinary tract infections, delayed graft function, or cytomegalovirus infections, and these values did not differ significantly from control values. It is concluded that the MRP8/14 complex is a very early serum marker suitable for monitoring of acute rejection with high sensitivity and specificity.
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Sudan: clinical presentation and differential diagnosis
Authors: E.E. Zijlstra, E.A.G. Khalil, P.A. Kager, A.M. El-Hassan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Post‐kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis in the Sudan: clinical presentation and differential diagnosis Get access E.E. Zijlstra, E.E. Zijlstra Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan E.E.Zijlstra, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi.E‐mail: eezijlstra@malawi.net Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.A.G. Khalil, E.A.G. Khalil Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.A. Kager, P.A. Kager Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M. El‐Hassan A.M. El‐Hassan Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 1, 1 July 2000, Pages 136–143, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03603.x Published: 01 July 2000
Therapeutic pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer should be chosen in any disease-free interval, size of tumor, and carcinoembryonic antigen level
Authors: Masao Naruke
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Aims:  We retrospectively review our experience of pulmonary resection of metastases from colorectal cancer, in order to document postoperative clinical outcome and survival.   Methods:  From 2003 to 2010, in 16 patients, 19 pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer were therapeutically resected in our hospital (9 were rectal and 7 were colon; 10 males and 6 females; mean age 66.3 years). The indication for these metastasectomies was based on Thomford9s advocateship. They were analyzed retrospectively to calculate prognosis, and reviewed to verify their disease- free interval (DFI: interval between resection of primary tumor and diagnosis of lung metastases), size of largest resected metastases, pre-metastasectomy carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level with the reported prognostic factor. After lung metastasectomy, patients were followed up for 2- 95 months (median: 45.5 months).   Results:  There was no operative mortality. Complications occurred in 3 out of 16 patients (19%) but were major only in 1 (6%). Overall, 3- and 5- year survival rates, from the date of pulmonary metastasectomy were 78.6% and 48.1%, respectively.  The mean of DFI was 19.9 months (0- 99), the mean size of largest resected metastases was 22.6mm (9- 60), and the mean of pre-metastasectomy CEA level was 5.1 ng/ml (1.0- 32). These factors were not associated with longer survival.   Conclusion:  Based on our experience, a good prognosis can be expected after therapeutic pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer regardless of factors such as DFI, size of metastasis, pre-metastasectomy CEA level.
Prospective meta-analysis of interleukin 1 gene complex polymorphisms confirms associations with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: A-M Sims, A E Timms, J Bruges-Armas, R Burgos-Vargas, C-T Chou, T Doan, A Dowling, R N Fialho, P Gergely, D D Gladman, R Inman, M Kauppi, K Kaarela, K Laiho, W Maksymowych, J J Pointon, P Rahman, J D Reveille, R Sorrentino, J Tuomilehto, G Vargas-Alarcon, B P Wordsworth, H Xu, M A Brown
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> The aim of the current study was to determine the contribution of interleukin (IL)1 gene cluster polymorphisms previously implicated in susceptibility for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) to AS susceptibility in different populations worldwide. <h3>Methods:</h3> Nine polymorphisms in the IL1 gene cluster members <i>IL1A</i> (rs2856836, rs17561 and rs1894399), <i>IL1B</i> (rs16944), <i>IL1F10</i> (rs3811058) and <i>IL1RN</i> (rs419598, the IL1RA VNTR, rs315952 and rs315951) were genotyped in 2675 AS cases and 2592 healthy controls recruited in 12 different centres in 10 countries. Association of variants with AS was tested by Mantel–Haenszel random effects analysis. <h3>Results:</h3> Strong association was observed with three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the <i>IL1A</i> gene (rs2856836, rs17561, rs1894399, p = 0.0036, 0.000019 and 0.0003, respectively). There was no evidence of significant heterogeneity of effects between centres, and no evidence of non-combinability of findings. The population attributable risk fraction of these variants in Caucasians is estimated at 4–6%. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> This study confirms that <i>IL1A</i> is associated with susceptibility to AS. Association of the other IL1 gene complex members could not be excluded in specific populations. Prospective meta-analysis is a useful tool in confirmation studies of genes associated with complex genetic disorders such as AS, providing sufficiently large sample sizes to produce robust findings often not achieved in smaller individual cohorts.
A physiologic differentiation between delayed and immediate hypersensitivity
Authors: Michael A. Apicella, James C. Allen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Studies have been made of movement of various macromolecules into and out of the pleural space of guinea pigs during the course of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to purified protein derivative (PPD), and a passively transferred immediate hypersensitivity reaction to ovalbumin. While the immediate hypersensitivity reaction transiently alters vascular permeability as shown by increased movement of macromolecules into the chest, the delayed hypersensitivity reaction is marked by a decreased capacity to resorb macromolecules from the pleural space. The data suggest that the two hypersensitivity reactions may be distinguished by these physiologic differences. Additional data from studies of a chemically induced pleural effusion in these animals suggest that some type of outflow obstruction is necessary for the development of effusion, but that the outflow defect caused by the irritating chemical is based on a different mechanism than that seen during the delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
Dose-escalated CHOEP for the treatment of young patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: I. A randomized dose escalation and feasibility study with bi- and tri-weekly regimens
Authors: L. Trümper, C. Zwick, M. Ziepert, K. Hohloch, R. Schmits, M. Mohren, R. Liersch, M. Bentz, U. Graeven, U. Wruck, M. Hoffmann, B. Metzner, D. Hasenclever, M. Loeffler, M. Pfreundschuh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2008)
Phase II trial of doxorubicin (D) and bortezomib (B) in patients with incurable adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.
Authors: A. P. Kotsakis, W. E. Gooding, A. Argiris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TPS271 Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck comprises approximately 25% of all malignant salivary gland tumors. ACC has a propensity for perineural invasion and local and distant recurrence. Traditional chemotherapeutic agents, like D, have limited activity in ACC, and are usually reserved for symptomatic metastasis. There is an unmet need for active regimens in ACC. B is a highly selective inhibitor of the 26S proteasome which is central for the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. Inhibition of NF-κB activity achieved by B may be important for inhibition of the growth of ACC. A previous trial (E1303) evaluated single-agent B in advanced, incurable ACC and reported high rate of disease stabilization but no objective responses (Argiris et al. ASCO 2006;A5573). However, a partial response was seen in a patient who received D added to B at the time of progression. There is strong preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting increased antitumor efficacy with the addition of anthracyclines to B. Methods: Eligible patients have incurable, previously untreated ACC of the head and neck with measurable disease by RECIST, ECOG performance status 0-2, ejection fraction within normal limits, and adequate laboratory parameters. Treatment consists of B 1.3 mg/m2, intravenously (IV) on days 1, 4, 8 and 11, and D 20 mg/m2, IV on days 1 and 8, every 21 days. Dextrazoxane is added at the 8th cycle and all subsequent cycles with D. After 14 cycles, if there is no progression, B is given alone once a week at a dose of 1.6 mg/m2 on days 1,8,15, every 28 days. The primary endpoint of the study is the objective response rate and the stable disease rate. Secondary endpoints are progression-free survival, overall survival, and toxicity. The study follows a two-stage design. Initially, 11 patients will be accrued. If there are 2 or more responses or 5 or more stable disease the study will continue to the second phase accruing additional 21 patients (total of 32 patients). Baseline tumor tissue and blood will be collected for the study of biomarkers including NF-kB, p53, p27, p21, cyclin D1, cyclin E, VEGF, microvessel density, V-CAM, ICAM-1 and N-CAM. 8 patients have been accrued in this study. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Millennium
B7-H3: A costimulatory molecule for T cell activation and IFN-γ production
Authors: Andrei I. Chapoval, Jian Ni, Julie S. Lau, Ryan A. Wilcox, Dallas B. Flies, Ding Liu, Haidong Dong, Gabriel L. Sica, Gefeng Zhu, Koji Tamada, Lieping Chen
Journal: Nature Immunology (2001)