tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High-Throughput Sequencing Detects Minimal Residual Disease in Acute T Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: David Wu, Anna Sherwood, Jonathan R. Fromm, Stuart S. Winter, Kimberly P. Dunsmore, Mignon L. Loh, Harvey A. Greisman, Daniel E. Sabath, Brent L. Wood, Harlan Robins
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

High-throughput sequencing can detect minimal residual disease comparable to multiparametric flow cytometry in T-ALL patients.
Saccharin, Cyclamate, and Human Bladder Cancer
Authors: Irving I. Kessler
Journal: JAMA (1978)

An epidemiologic study designed to elucidate the possible roles of the artificial sweeteners saccharin and cyclamate in human urinary bladder cancer was recently completed. The previous intake of each of these substances among 519 patients with histopathologically confirmed bladder cancer and an equal number of matching controls in metropolitan Baltimore did not differ significantly in frequency, quantity, or duration. These normal findings persisted after simultaneous adjustment for the effects of smoking, occupation, age, diabetes mellitus, and a number of other potentially confounding factors. They are substantiated by the failure of the relative risk of bladder cancer to increase with increasing exposure to artificial sweeteners. It is concluded that neither saccharin nor cyclamate is likely to be carcinogenic in man, at least at the moderate dietary ingestion levels reported by the patient sample.
Serum ferritin concentration predicts mortality in patients awaiting liver transplantation
Authors: Nicole M. Walker, Katherine A. Stuart, Rebecca J. Ryan, Shireena Desai, Sammy Saab, Jennifer A. Nicol, Linda M. Fletcher, Darrell H.G. Crawford
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Additional markers are required to identify patients on the orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) waiting list at increased risk of death and adverse clinical events. Serum ferritin concentration is a marker of varied pathophysiological events and is elevated with increased liver iron concentration, hepatic necroinflammation, and systemic illness, all of which may cause a deterioration in liver function and clinical status. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum ferritin concentration is an independent prognostic factor in subjects awaiting OLT. This is a dual-center retrospective study. The study cohort consisted of 191 consecutive adults with cirrhosis accepted by the Queensland (Australia) Liver Transplant Service between January 2000 and June 2006 and a validation cohort of 131 patients from University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Transplant Center. In the study cohort, baseline serum ferritin greater than 200 μg/L was an independent factor predicting increased 180-day and 1-year waiting list mortality. This effect was independent of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), hepatocellular carcinoma, age, and sex. Subjects with higher serum ferritin had increased frequency of liver-related clinical events. The relationship between serum ferritin and waiting list mortality was confirmed in the UCLA cohort; all deceased patients had serum ferritin greater than 400 μg/L. Serum ferritin greater than 500 μg/L and MELD were independent risk factors for death. Conclusion : Serum ferritin concentration is an independent predictor of mortality-related and liver-related clinical events. Baseline serum ferritin identifies a group of “higher-risk” patients awaiting OLT and should be investigated as an adjunct to MELD in organ allocation. (Hepatology 2010)
Multiple Sclerosis Clustering in a Small Massachusetts Community, with Possible Common Exposure 23 Years before Onset
Authors: Richard Eastman, Jean Sheridan, David C. Poskanzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

PREVALENCE surveys over the past 50 years have provided data of varying validity concerning the frequency of multiple sclerosis throughout the world. Of interest are the reports of high rates of multiple sclerosis in areas of small population (Table 1). As McAlpine, Lumsden and Acheson4 point out, these rates are derived from small numbers of cases, and the sampling error tends to be large. Although investigations in small populations are limited, they can provide clues on which etiologic hypotheses may be based.Mansfield, Massachusetts, is an industrial-residential town of 10,000 persons, located 45 km from Boston. The suggestion by a . . .
Prioritizing or Rationing Health Care
Authors: Arthur L. Caplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 November 1995Prioritizing or Rationing Health CareArthur L. Caplan, PhDArthur L. Caplan, PhDUniversity of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-10-199511150-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. McCullough has peeked out from his bunker near the Alamo long enough to espy cultural homogenization creeping toward him under the cover of my editorial on rationing [1]. However, I fear that his paranoia at the suggestions that 1) any other nation might have something to teach us about health reform or 2) that talk of solidarity will grind out the cultural, religious, and ethnic differences that make the United States a great nation may have distorted his perception of my views.I could not agree more with Dr. McCullough that the United States does not have ...REFERENCE1. Caplan AL. Straight talk about rationing [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:795-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 10Page: 812-812KeywordsFearHealth carePerception Issue Published: 15 November 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Promoting Bone Growth
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Conflict of Interest “Revisited”: The Use of Stereotypes
Authors: Richard Sobel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 May 1994A Conflict of Interest “Revisited”: The Use of StereotypesRichard Sobel, MDRichard Sobel, MDSoroka Medical Center; Ben-Gurion University of Negev; Beer-Sheva 151; IsraelSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-10-199405150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I asked a dozen colleagues what they thought might be the background of lawyer Iggie Lavinsky [1], carefully using only the words of the narrator in the story when I described this man: “… scum, a street fighter … He'll do anything to win, anything: perjury, bribery … anything”. Not surprisingly, no one thought the unscrupulous Lavinsky might be from a family of Mongolian horsemen, Australian aborigines, Viking sailors, or Bedouin shepherds or that Iggie was short for Ignatius with Catholic roots in some Eastern European country. “Why, he's supposed to be Jewish; what else could he ...REFERENCE1. LaCombe MA. A conflict of interest. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:623-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Soroka Medical Center; Ben-Gurion University of Negev; Beer-Sheva 151; Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1994Volume 120, Issue 10Page: 893-894KeywordsArabic peopleArmed forcesConflicts of interestJewish people Issue Published: 15 May 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Letter: Cerebral embolism and oral contraceptives.
Authors: E R Bickerstaff
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Cerebral embolism and oral contraceptives (OCs) are briefly discussed in response to the paper by Drs. Enzell and Lindemalm (December 1, p. 507). In the author's experience of over 60 examples of cerebral ischemic episodes in young women on OCs, only 1 case had occurred in a nullipara. The Enzell-Lindemalm series does not support this. However, this author hypothesized that in a previous pregnancy a reservoir of venous thrombi might have formed in the legs or pelvis and that for reasons unknown and by pathways unknown had been mobilized and gained access to the arterial side of the cerebral circulation. Drs. Enzell and Lindemalm suggest an alternative reservoir in the pulmonary vascular bed. It is concluded that an association between OCs and episodes of arterial cerebral insufficiency is widely accepted but remains to be explained.
Role of gastrin supersensitivity in the pathogenesis of lower esophageal sphincter hypertension in achalasia
Authors: Sidney Cohen, William Lipshutz, William Hughes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Intraluminal manometric studies were carried out in 19 patients with untreated achalasia and in 20 normals. Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was 50.5 ±4.6 mm Hg in patients with achalasia as compared with 19.4 ±1.3 mm Hg in the normal group. In both groups, the LES pressure was lowered when exogenous 0.1 N HCl was placed into the stomach. Although the nadir of pressure attained with acid suppression was the same, the per cent inhibition was significantly greater in patients with achalasia. Serum gastrin levels were the same in the two groups studied. The patients with achalasia, pre- and postpneumatic dilatation, showed a supersensitivity to exogenous intravenous gastrin I, as compared with normals. These data suggest that high, acid-suppressible levels of LES pressure, in patients with achalasia, are due to supersensitivity to endogenous gastrin.
Essential Role of Transient Receptor Potential M8 (TRPM8) in a Model of Acute Cold-induced Urinary Urgency
Authors: Pieter Uvin, Jan Franken, Silvia Pinto, Roma Rietjens, Luc Grammet, Yves Deruyver, Yeranddy A. Alpizar, Karel Talavera, Rudi Vennekens, Wouter Everaerts, Dirk De Ridder, Thomas Voets
Journal: European Urology (2015)

Acute exposure of part of the skin to cold stimuli can evoke urinary urgency, a phenomenon termed acute cold-induced urgency (ACIU). Despite its high prevalence, particularly in patients with overactive bladder, little is known about the mechanisms that induce ACIU. To develop an animal model of ACIU and test the involvement of cold-activated ion channels transient receptor potential (TRP) M8 and TRPA1. Intravesical pressure and micturition were monitored in female mice (wild-type C57BL/6J, Trpa1−/−, Trpm8+/+, and Trpm8−/−) and Sprague Dawley rats. An intravesical catheter was implanted. Localized cooling of the skin was achieved using a stream of air or topical acetone. The TRPM8 antagonist (N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-{[(3-methylphenyl) methyl]oxy}-N-(2-thienylmethyl)benzamide (AMTB) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally. Frequencies of bladder contractions and voids in response to sensory stimuli were compared using the Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test. Brief, innocuously cold stimuli applied to different parts of the skin evoked rapid bladder contractions and voids in anesthetized mice and rats. These responses were strongly attenuated in Trpm8−/− mice and in rats treated with AMTB. As rodent bladder physiology differs from that of humans, it is difficult to directly extrapolate our findings to human patients. Our findings indicate that ACIU is an evolutionarily conserved reflex rather than subconscious conditioning, and provide a useful in vivo model for further investigation of the underlying mechanisms. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPM8 may be useful for treating ACIU symptoms in patients. Brief cold stimuli applied to the skin can evoke a sudden desire to urinate, which can be highly bothersome in patients with overactive bladder. We developed an animal model to study this phenomenon, and found that it depends on a specific molecular cold sensor, transient receptor potential M8 (TRPM8). Pharmacological inhibition of TRPM8 may alleviate acute cold-induced urinary urgency in humans.
Education in Ethicsn for Health Professionals-Reply
Authors: Severine J. Brocki
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  While there is no principle from Phase I of the Health Policy Agenda that specifically directs that ethics be taught in programs of health professions education, the role of ethics in health professions curricula is being addressed by several policy proposals in Phase II of the Health Policy Agenda. These are the proposals of work group 5 (evaluation, assessment, and control principles) on ethical consideration in health care, and work group 1 (medical science principles) on biomedical research and its biological, medical, ethical, and legal implications. It would have been impossible to cover all of the specific content concerns of medical education curricula in separate principles during Phase I. There are, however, several principles that address the need for curricula to be broadly responsive to societal needs.
A recombinant, chimeric enzyme with a novel mechanism of action leading to greater potency and selectivity than tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Authors: J H Robinson, M J Browne, J E Carey, P D Chamberlain, C G Chapman, D W Cronk, I Dodd, C Entwisle, A F Esmail, S B Kalindjian
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Early intervention with thrombolytic agents has been shown unequivocally to reduce mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Presently used agents have disadvantages such as short half-life, immunogenicity, hypotension, and bleeding complications. Therefore, there is a need to develop improved thrombolytic drugs with novel mechanisms of action leading to improved properties.Hybrid plasminogen/tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) complementary DNA was constructed and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The chimeric protein, comprising the fibrin-binding domains of plasminogen covalently linked to the catalytic domain of t-PA, was purified and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The hybrid was inhibited rapidly in human and animal plasmas. The mediator of this rapid inhibition was shown to be alpha 2-antiplasmin. The active center of the hybrid could be protected by reversible active center acylation with a novel inverse acylating agent, 4'-amidinophenyl-4-chloroanthranilic acid (AP-CLAN). An acylated (CLAN-) hybrid was cleared from the bloodstream of guinea pigs at 0.35 +/- 0.02 ml/min.kg-1 compared with a clearance rate of 36 +/- 4 ml/min.kg-1 for t-PA. The CLAN-plasminogen/t-PA hybrid was evaluated in a quantitative, "humanized" guinea pig pulmonary embolism model and shown to be approximately threefold more potent when given by bolus than an infusion of t-PA. Furthermore, the acylated hybrid was more fibrin selective than t-PA as determined by the relation between clot lysis and fibrinogen degradation.An acylated, recombinant plasminogen/t-PA hybrid has sufficiently slow clearance to be administered by bolus and is more potent and fibrin selective than t-PA in vivo.
Abstract 4837: Joint effect of arsenic exposure and vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms on urothelial carcinoma risk.
Authors: Yuan-Hung Wang, Chia-Chang Wu, Kuan-Chou Chen, Hsin-An Chen, Ming-Te Huang, Chih-Hsiung Wu, Hung-Yi Chiou
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Arsenic exposure is a major environmental risk factor for Urothelial carcinoma (UC) which includes cancers of bladder, renal pelvis and ureter (upper urinary tract). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important factor in angiogenesis which plays a critical role in various malignancies including UC. The aim of this study is to investigate the joint effect of arsenic exposure and VEGF polymorphisms on UC risk. A hospital-based case-control study consisted of 730 histologically confirmed UC cases and 850 age-matched cancer-free controls were recruited from September 1998 to December 2009. Polymorphisms in VEGF gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The joint effects on UC risk were estimated by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional multivariate logistic regression. Subjects with high arsenic exposure had significantly increased risks of 2.4 and 2.5 for bladder cancer and upper urinary tract UC (UUTUC), respectively. A significantly higher UUTUC risk of 1.7 was found in those with one or more risk genotypes of VEGF gene. Individuals with high arsenic exposure who carried one or more risk genotypes of VEGF gene had significantly increased risks of 2.9 (95% CI=1.8-4.7) and 4.2 (95% CI=2.3-7.7) for bladder cancer and UUTUC, respectively. The UUTUC cases with high arsenic exposure carrying one or more risk genotypes of VEGF gene had a higher risk of advanced tumor stage. Our findings suggest that the joint effect of arsenic exposure and risk genotypes of VEGF gene is relatively predominant in UUTUC than in bladder cancer. Keywords: Arsenic, Bladder cancer, Upper urinary tract, Urothelial carcinoma, Vascular endothelial growth factor Citation Format: Yuan-Hung Wang, Chia-Chang Wu, Kuan-Chou Chen, Hsin-An Chen, Ming-Te Huang, Chih-Hsiung Wu, Hung-Yi Chiou. Joint effect of arsenic exposure and vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms on urothelial carcinoma risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4837. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4837
Mortality in immune thrombocytopenic purpura: Report of seven cases and consideration of prognostic indicators
Authors: Elaine Schattner, James Bussel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract ITP (Immune thrombocytopenic purpura) is generally considered a benign disease. Despite what may be severe thrombocytopenia, most patients with ITP do not suffer significant bleeding episodes. Mortality is rare, and the majority of cases are managed successfully with conventional treatments. For patients who maintain a platelet count of &gt; 20,000/μl, aggressive immunosuppressive therapy is usually unwarranted. There are some patients with ITP who are at increased risk of serious morbidity and mortality from their disease. Fatal cases of ITP are rarely mentioned in published reports. In this study we review the incidence of mortality and describe the deaths of seven patients with ITP, with the aim of identifying and improving management of high‐risk cases. Based on our review of the literature and analysis of cases at our institution, fatal cases of ITP fall into three groups: death from intracranial hemorrhage with severe thrombocytopenia, death after splenectomy, and death due to infection after cytotoxic treatments. Patients who appear to carry increased risk include: 1) older patients; 2) chronic, refractory patients with a history of hemorrhage; and 3) patients with concomitant bleeding diatheses such as uremia and hemophilia. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal–Fetal Transfer of Domoic Acid in Rats at Two Gestational Time Points
Authors: Jennifer M. Maucher, John S. Ramsdell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Prenatal exposure to asymptomatic doses of domoic acid (DA) causes learning and memory deficits later in life; therefore, we sought to measure distribution of DA in maternal plasma and brain, prenatal brain, and amniotic fluid 1 hr after exposure, a time frame that normally encompasses acute seizure behavior.Pregnant rats were given a single intravenous dose of DA (0.6 or 1.6 mg/kg body weight) at either gestational day (GD) 13 or GD20, which correspond to the beginning of rat embryo neurogenesis and the last day of gestation, respectively. Using a direct ELISA, dose-dependent levels of DA were detected in each sample matrix tested.An average of 6.6 and 14 ng DA/g brain tissue was found in GD13 and GD20 prenatal rats, respectively. Brain concentrations of DA in the GD13 prenates were identical to amniotic fluid levels, consistent with no restriction for DA to enter the GD13 prenatal brain. At GD20 the prenatal brain contained half the concentration of DA in the amniotic fluid, and was approximately half that found in the brain of the dams. After 1 hr, fetal brain and amniotic fluid contained between 1 and 5% of DA found in the maternal circulation. The amniotic fluid levels of DA in this study were also within the same range measured in stranded California sea lions that showed reproductive failure.DA crosses the placenta, enters brain tissue of prenates, and accumulates in the amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid appears to be a useful fluid to monitor DA exposure.
Avoiding Infection From Blood Transfusion in Neonatal Units
Authors: Robert W. Novak
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  I wish to take issue with the assertion that  of a smaller number of donors, ideally a single donor, should be a practical means of reducing all transfusion-related viral disease that could be introduced into the premature nursery, made by Dr Grady in a recent editorial. 1 Experience with directing a blood bank at an institution with a large neonatal unit leads me to believe that this suggestion is quite impractical and unrealistic. First of all, there is the limitation of availability of blood from a single donor. Entry of a unit or portion thereof requires that a 24-hour outdate period be applied to the sampled product. 2 Even use of multibag collection systems for donation limits availability of the product from a single donor to a maximum of four days (unless one freezes aliquots, which considerably increases costs—a nonviable scheme in these days of cost