tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An in oculo model for quantitation of vascular growth in the rat heart
Authors: S. E Campbell, K. Rakusan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article An in oculo model for quantitation of vascular growth in the rat heart Get access Scott E Campbell, Scott E Campbell Department of Physiology, University of Ottawa Health Sciences Center, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Correspondence to: Dr Campbell, at Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology 1E65, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Karel Rakusan Karel Rakusan Department of Physiology, University of Ottawa Health Sciences Center, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 10, October 1991, Pages 861–868, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.10.861 Published: 01 October 1991 Article history Received: 14 January 1991 Accepted: 24 June 1991 Published: 01 October 1991
Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Hepatocytes: Potential and Challenges in Pharmacology
Authors: Dagmara Szkolnicka, Wenli Zhou, Balta Lucendo-Villarin, David C. Hay
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2013)

The liver is a fascinating organ and performs a wide range of functions necessary for life. Because the hepatocyte is the major functional cell type found in the liver, it is important that we better understand its role in health and disease. Functional hepatocytes have been derived from many sources, including human stem cell populations. These models offer new opportunities to further our understanding of human liver biology from diverse genotypes and, in the future, to facilitate the development of novel medicines or cell-based therapies. This review discusses limitations in current cell-based models and the advantages offered by pluripotent stem cell–derived hepatocytes.
TCT-510 Bovine arch vs aortic arch type III. The importance of the type of complex aortic arch in carotid stenting.
Authors: Felix Damas de los Santos, fausto Castriota, Federico Colombo, Alberto Cremonesi, chiara grattoni, Marco Antonio Martínez- Rios, Kareem Oshoala, Andrea Zuffi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Evolution of musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal sports ultrasound
Authors: Mederic M Hall, Ken Mautner
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Ultrasound is a fast growing and, at times, controversial area of sports medicine. Utilisation of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK US) has increased dramatically over the past decade and non-musculoskeletal applications in sports medicine continue to expand.1 ,2 To this end, the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) has introduced the term ‘Sports Ultrasound’ to encompass the breadth and potential ultrasound holds for the field of sports medicine. This issue of BJSM highlights several different areas in sports ultrasound, from new AMSSM standards to protocols and reviews of developing applications of ultrasound for the sports medicine clinician.

Our 2010 training guidelines lacked specifics regarding diagnostic ultrasound and were challenging to implement for some fellowship programmes.3 Recognising the importance of establishing basic competency among all primary care sports medicine (PCSM) fellowship graduates, AMSSM established a Presidential task force to review and update the previous ultrasound curriculum and make recommendations regarding faculty development and additional educational tools to support programmes that are still …
Cleavage of Lumican by Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Abrogates This Proteoglycan-Mediated Suppression of Tumor Cell Colony Formation in Soft Agar
Authors: Yingyi Li, Takanori Aoki, Yuya Mori, Munirah Ahmad, Hisashi Miyamori, Takahisa Takino, Hiroshi Sato
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The small leucine-rich proteoglycan lumican was identified from a human placenta cDNA library by the expression cloning method as a gene product that interacts with membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT1-MMP). Coexpression of MT1-MMP with lumican in HEK293T cells reduced the concentration of lumican secreted into culture medium, and this reduction was abolished by addition of the MMP inhibitor BB94. Lumican protein from bovine cornea and recombinant lumican core protein fused to glutathione S-transferase was shown to be cleaved at multiple sites by recombinant MT1-MMP. Transient expression of lumican in HEK293 cells induced expression of tumor suppressor gene product p21/Waf-1, which was abrogated by the coexpression of MT1-MMP concomitant with a reduction in lumican concentration in culture medium. Stable expression of lumican in HeLa cells induced expression of p21 and reduction of colony formation in soft agar, which were both abolished by the expression of MT1-MMP. HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells stably transfected with the lumican cDNA (HT1080/Lum), which express endogenous MT1-MMP, secreted moderate levels of lumican; however, treatment of HT1080/Lum cells with BB94 resulted in accumulation of lumican in culture medium. The expression levels of p21 in HT1080/Lum were proportional to the concentration of secreted lumican and showed reverse corelation with colony formation in soft agar. These results suggest that MT1-MMP abrogates lumican-mediated suppression of tumor cell colony formation in soft agar by degrading this proteoglycan, which down-regulates it through the induction of p21.
Dietary antigens and primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy.
Authors: R Coppo, A Amore, D Roccatello
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

To investigate the role of dietary components in immunoglobulin A mesangial nephropathy (IgAGN), this study focused on gliadin, based on the reported association between coeliac disease and IgAGN as well as the pilot observation that a gluten-free diet was able to reduce the levels of circulating IgA immune complexes (IgAIC). IgA mesangial deposits in mice were induced by oral immunization with gliadin and in rats by inducing alcoholic liver cirrhosis, which increased the levels of IgA against dietary antigens (Ag). Gliadin was able to bind to cultured mesangial cells by a lectinic bond, which was reversed by competitive sugars. Binding increased mesangial cell tumor necrosis factor synthesis and decreased prostaglandin E2 production. Several gluten lectinic fractions modulate leukocyte oxidative metabolism, cytotoxicity, and chemotaxis. In IgAGN patients, serum IgA to dietary Ag were sporadically positive and IgAIC containing IgA to dietary components were significantly increased. The affinity of serum IgA to various lectins was increased in some patients. Conversely, no substantial deposition in renal tissue of dietary Ags was observed by immunofluorescence. A gluten-free diet, given to IgAGN patients with high levels of circulating IgAIC and positive antigliadin IgA, was followed by a decrease in the mean levels of both IgAIC and IgA to various dietary Ag, parallel to a reduction in proteinuria. These data suggest that dietary components, such as Ag or lectins, may play a role in IgAGN by promoting IgAIC formation and perhaps favoring mesangial localization via lectinic interactions.
Prediction of Real-World Functional Disability in Chronic Mental Disorders: A Comparison of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Christopher R. Bowie, Colin Depp, John A. McGrath, Paula Wolyniec, Brent T. Mausbach, Mary H. Thornquist, James Luke, Thomas L. Patterson, Philip D. Harvey, Ann E. Pulver
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are associated with multidimensional disability. This study examined differential predictors of functional deficits in the two disorders.Community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia (N=161) or bipolar disorder (N=130) were assessed with neuropsychological tests, symptom measures, and performance-based social and adaptive (i.e., everyday living skills) functional competence measures as well as three domains of real-world functioning: community and household activities; work skills; and interpersonal relationships. The authors used confirmatory path analysis to find the best-fitting models to examine the direct and indirect (as mediated by competence) prediction of the three domains of real-world functioning.In all models for both groups, neurocognition's relationship with outcomes was largely mediated by competence. Symptoms were negatively associated with outcomes but unassociated with competence, with the exception of depression, which was a direct and mediated (through social competence) predictor in bipolar disorder. In both groups, neurocognition was related to activities directly and through a mediated relationship with adaptive competence. Work skills were directly and indirectly (through mediation with social competence) predicted by neurocognition in schizophrenia and entirely mediated by adaptive and social competence in bipolar disorder. Neurocognition was associated with interpersonal relationships directly in the schizophrenia group and mediated by social competence in both groups.Although there was greater disability in schizophrenia, neurocognition predicted worse functioning in all outcome domains in both disorders. These results support the shared role of neurocognition in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in producing disability, with predictive differences between disorders in domain-specific effects of symptoms and social and adaptive competence.
14-3-3 Proteins: Structure, Function, and Regulation
Authors: Haian Fu, Romesh R. Subramanian, Shane C. Masters
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2000)

The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules expressed in all eukaryotic cells. A striking feature of the 14-3-3 proteins is their ability to bind a multitude of functionally diverse signaling proteins, including kinases, phosphatases, and transmembrane receptors. This plethora of interacting proteins allows 14-3-3 to play important roles in a wide range of vital regulatory processes, such as mitogenic signal transduction, apoptotic cell death, and cell cycle control. In this review, we examine the structural basis for 14-3-3–ligand interactions, proposed functions of 14-3-3 in various signaling pathways, and emerging views of mechanisms that regulate 14-3-3 actions.
Parallel Relaxation of Stringent RNA Recognition in Plant and Mammalian L1 Retrotransposons
Authors: Kazuhiko Ohshima
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

L1 elements are mammalian non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons, or long interspersed elements (LINEs), that significantly influence the dynamics and fluidity of the genome. A series of observations suggest that plant L1-clade LINEs, just as mammalian L1s, mobilize both short interspersed elements (SINEs) and certain messenger RNA by recognizing the 3'-poly(A) tail of RNA. However, one L1 lineage in monocots was shown to possess a conserved 3'-end sequence with a solid RNA structure also observed in maize and sorghum SINEs. This strongly suggests that plant LINEs require a particular 3'-end sequence during initiation of reverse transcription. As one L1-clade LINE was also found to share the 3'-end sequence with a SINE in a green algal genome, I propose that the ancestral L1-clade LINE in the common ancestor of green plants may have recognized the specific RNA template, with stringent recognition then becoming relaxed during the course of plant evolution.
The EULAR-OMERACT rheumatoid arthritis MRI reference image atlas: the metacarpophalangeal joints
Authors: P Conaghan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

This paper presents the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint magnetic resonance images of the EULAR–OMERACT rheumatoid arthritis MRI reference image atlas. The illustrations include synovitis in the MCP joints (OMERACT RA magnetic resonance imaging scoring system (RAMRIS), grades 0–3), bone oedema in the metacarpal head and the phalangeal base (grades 0–3), and bone erosion in the metacarpal head and the phalangeal base (grades 0–3, and examples of higher grades). The presented reference images can be used to guide scoring of MCP joints according to the OMERACT RA MRI scoring system.
Nitric oxide regulates the calcium current in isolated human atrial myocytes.
Authors: M Kirstein, M Rivet-Bastide, S Hatem, A Bénardeau, J J Mercadier, R Fischmeister
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Cardiac Ca2+ current (I") was shown to be regulated by cGMP in a number of different species.Recently, we found that the NO-donor SIN-1 (3-morpholino-sydnonimine) ex- erts a dual regulation of Ic. in frog ventricular myocytes via an accumulation of cGMP.To examine whether NO also regulates Ca2" channels in human heart, we investigated the effects of SIN-1 on Ic. in isolated human atrial myocytes.An extracellular application of SIN-1 produced a profound stimulatory effect on basal IC. at concentrations > 1 pM.Indeed, 10 pM SIN-1 induced a s 35% increase in Ic..The stimulatory effect of SIN-1 was maximal at 1 nM ( z 2-fold increase in ICa) and was comparable with the effect of a saturating concentration (1 ,uM) of isoprenaline, a 13-adren- ergic agonist.Increasing the concentration of SIN-1 to 1- 100 ,uM reduced the stimulatory effect in two thirds of the cells.The stimulatory effect of SIN-1 was not mimicked by SIN-1C, the cleavage product of SIN-1 produced after liberation of NO.This suggests that NO mediates the effects of SIN-1 on ICa.Because, in frog heart, the stimulatory effect of SIN-1 on Ic. was found to be due to cGMP-induced inhibi- tion of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (cGI-PDE), we compared the effects of SIN-1 and milrinone, a cGI-PDE selective inhibitor, on Ic. in human.Milrinone (10 ,uM) induced a strong stimulation of 'Ca (-150%), demonstra- ting that cGI-PDE controls the amplitude of basal Ic. in this tissue.In the presence of milrinone, SIN-1 (0.1-1 nM) had no stimulatory effect on ICa, suggesting that the effects of SIN-1 and MIL were not additive.We conclude that NO may stimulate ICa in human atrial myocytes via inhibition
Atrioventricular nodal accommodation in isolated guinea pig hearts: physiological significance and role of adenosine.
Authors: J R Jenkins, L Belardinelli
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The progressive prolongation of atrioventricular node (AVN) conduction time to a new steady-state value caused by sudden and maintained increases in atrial rate is the most common form of AV nodal accommodation. This study was undertaken to 1) characterize AV nodal accommodation in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts, 2) investigate the influence of potential modulators of this phenomenon such as acetylcholine and adenosine, and 3) determine the physiological significance of AV nodal accommodation on cardiac function. Beat-by-beat changes in AVN conduction time caused by single- or multiple-step increases in atrial pacing rate were measured during control conditions and in the presence of atropine (1 microM), propranolol (1 microM), and the adenosine antagonist BW-A1433 (1 microM). BW-A1433 was the only intervention that significantly reduced the cumulative and frequency-dependent prolongation of AVN conduction time but this was only observed at atrial cycle lengths less than or equal to 170 msec. In addition, BW-A1433 shortened the Wenckebach cycle length from 163 +/- 2 to 153 +/- 2 during normoxia and from 172 +/- 3 to 164 +/- 4 during mild hypoxia. In contrast, dipyridamole (1 microM), an adenosine uptake blocker, markedly accentuated the AVN conduction time prolongation, accentuated the AV block associated with fast atrial rates, and significantly increased the Wenckebach cycle length. These effects of dipyridamole were prevented and antagonized by BW-A1433 and adenosine deaminase. When O2 supply was limited and at the same time demand increased secondary to fast atrial pacing, the rate of adenosine release increased from a control of 125 +/- 27 to 580 +/- 54 pmol/min/g. This was accompanied by a significant prolongation in AVN conduction time that invariably progressed to AV block. Once AV block occurred, O2 consumption decreased, O2 supply-to-demand ratio improved and the rate of adenosine release dropped to 310 +/- 61 pmol/min/g. Reversal of the AV block with adenosine antagonists resulted in a decrease in O2 supply-to-demand ratio and a severalfold increase in the rate of adenosine release. In this feedback system, adenosine signals the imbalance between O2 supply and demand, causes AV block and, thus, reduces demand to compensate for the limited O2 supply. On the other hand, adenosine deaminase and antagonists act as "error signals" by attenuating the effect of adenosine, whereas dipyridamole enhances the "gain" of the system by potentiating the effects of adenosine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The transposable elements of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatin: a genomics perspective
Authors: Joshua S Kaminker, Casey M Bergman, Brent Kronmiller, Joseph Carlson, Robert Svirskas, Sandeep Patel, Erwin Frise, David A Wheeler, Suzanna E Lewis, Gerald M Rubin, Michael Ashburner, Susan E Celniker
Journal: Genome biology (2002)
Compassion as an antidote to cruelty
Authors: Michael Allen Fox
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

The impulse toward violence and cruelty is endemic to the human species. But so, likewise, is the impulse toward compassionate behavior. Victor Nell acknowledges this, but he does not explore the matter any further. I supplement his account by discussing how compassion, specifically in the moral education of children, can help remedy the problem of violence and cruelty in society.
Role of Mast Cell Tryptase in Renal Interstitial Fibrosis
Authors: SHUJI KONDO, SHOJI KAGAMI, HIROSHI KIDO, FRANK STRUTZ, GERHARD A. MU[Combining Diaeresis]LLER, YASUHIRO KURODA
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2001)

Abstract. Renal interstitial fibrosis is characterized by increased proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Mast cell tryptase has been implicated in the development of tissue fibrosis in skin and lungs. However, the significance of mast cell tryptase in human renal diseases has not been investigated. The potential role of mast cell-derived tryptase in the development of renal fibrosis was studied using immunohistochemical techniques and cultured human renal fibroblast cell lines. Semiquantitative immunostaining analysis of samples from 70 patients with several renal diseases, including IgA glomerulonephritis (GN) ( n = 30), non-IgA GN ( n = 5), membranous GN ( n = 5), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ( n = 4), minor glomerular abnormalities ( n = 5), lupus nephritis ( n = 3), and acute or chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis ( n = 18), revealed that the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis was well correlated with the number of infiltrating tryptase-positive mast cells ( P &lt; 0.01). Mast cells could not be detected in damaged glomeruli in any form of renal disease. [ 3 H]Thymidine uptake experiments demonstrated that DNA synthesis by cultured renal fibroblasts was increased with the concentration of tryptase (0.5 to 5 nM) coincubated with heparin and was suppressed by coincubation with the protease inhibitors leupeptin and benzamidine hydrochloride. Tryptase alone also increased DNA synthesis by fibroblasts but exhibited less effectiveness, compared with the combination of tryptase and heparin. Conversely, heparin alone suppressed DNA synthesis by fibroblasts. Metabolic [ 35 S]methionine-labeling experiments with cultured renal fibroblasts indicated that tryptase increased the synthesis of fibronectin and collagen type I, in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that mast cell tryptase plays a role in the proliferation and extracellular matrix protein production of renal interstitial fibroblasts and thus contributes to the development of renal interstitial fibrosis.
Lifetime Medical Costs of Obesity: Prevention No Cure for Increasing Health Expenditure
Authors: Pieter H. M van Baal, Johan J Polder, G. Ardine de Wit, Rudolf T Hoogenveen, Talitha L Feenstra, Hendriek C Boshuizen, Peter M Engelfriet, Werner B. F Brouwer
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Obesity is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is associated with high medical expenditures. It has been suggested that obesity prevention could result in cost savings. The objective of this study was to estimate the annual and lifetime medical costs attributable to obesity, to compare those to similar costs attributable to smoking, and to discuss the implications for prevention.
Enhancing the Understanding of Pre-Type 1 Diabetes in the General Population
Authors: Olli Simell, William E. Winter, Desmond Schatz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Type 1 diabetes occurs in ∼90% of patients with no family history of the disease. The majority of studies seeking to identify at-risk subjects have been conducted in first-degree relatives who comprise just 10% of all cases of type 1 diabetes but may have a 20-fold increased risk for type 1 diabetes (1). Although the peak incidence occurs at adolescence, there are data to suggest that 5–10% of all adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes may actually have type 1 diabetes (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults [LADA]). If type 1 diabetes is to be prevented, significantly enhanced understanding of both the mechanisms leading to type 1 diabetes and the natural history of the pre-diabetic period is essential.

Current evidence suggests that type 1 diabetes results from a complex interaction between type 1 diabetes genetic susceptibility (predominantly HLA Class II associations) and environmental exposure(s) leading to a breakdown of tolerance culminating in β-cell autoimmunity and destruction (2). In the process leading to overt type 1 diabetes, both T and B lymphocytes are activated. B-lymphocyte activation is characterized by the emergence of cytoplasmic islet cell autoantibodies (ICAs) and one or more autoantibodies against the β-cell–specific autoantigen insulin, glutamate decarboxylase, the IA-2 protein tyrosine phosphatase, or the zinc transporter ZnT8 (IAA, GADA, IA-2A, and ZnT8A, respectively). For the most part, IAA, GADA, IA-2A, and ZnT8A have replaced ICA, which is measured using indirect immunofluorescence that requires a subjective evaluation of the fluorescence intensity. The IAA, GADA, IA-2A, and ZnT8A analyses require only small amounts of serum (5–20 μl in most assays) and are thus well suited for large-scale studies comprising both infants and small children. Serum samples can be safely stored at −20°C for years before the measurement of the autoantibodies is undertaken, and the samples usually also tolerate repeated freeze-thaw cycles without …