tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Melanoma in Peripheral Blood: Too Early to Assess Clinical Value
Authors: A. C. Buzaid, C. M. Balch
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

The traditional approach to the study of tumor markers has been based on the detection of substances either induced by or released by cancer cells. In high-risk patients with melanoma, we and others {1-4) have evaluated several potential tumor markers including lipid-associated sialic acid (in plasma), neuron-specific enolase, and circulating SI00 protein (a marker of neuroendocrin e tumors). Preliminary results using these markers have indicated that they have limited value in the clinical setting. The development of new molecular biology techniques, particularly the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), has provided a means by which molecular markers present at low copy numbers can be detected with a sensitivity significantly higher than that achieved using antibody-based techniques. In 1991, Smith et al. (5) proposed for the first time that melanoma cells could be detected in the peripheral blood using coupled reverse-transcription (RT) and PCR (RT-PCR) to target tyrosinase messenger RNA (mRNA). Tyrosinase, the first enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, is a mono-oxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to dopa and of dopa to dopaquinone. Thus, tyrosinase is one of the most specific markers of melanocytic differentiation. Tyrosinase expression can be detected not only in melanocytes and melanoma cells but also in Schwann cells (6). Nonetheless, because these cell types are not known to circulate, the detection of tyrosinase transcripts in the peripheral blood of patients with melanoma has been considered evidence of circulating melanoma cells. Since the original report from Smith et al. (5), several other groups have pursued this lead (7-11). The results are summarized in Table 1. As clearly shown in the table, the results are extremely variable. The most striking discrepancies were seen in patients with stage IV disease, in whom the sensitivity rates ranged from 0% to 100%. For instance, in the series of Brossart et al. (7), 100% of the patients with stage IV disease had marker-positive RTPCR findings regardless of response to therapy, whereas in the current report by Kunter et al. (12), only 28% of the patients with stage IV disease had positive RT-PCR. Furthermore, in the series of Kunter et al., positive RT-PCR was observed only in patients whose disease progressed during therapy. Significant discrepancies were also observed in patients with stage I and stage II disease, for whom the positive RT-PCR frequency ranged from 0% to 71%. Interestingly, the expected disease
Delta-toxin production deficiency in Staphylococcus aureus: a diagnostic marker of bone and joint infection chronicity linked with osteoblast invasion and biofilm formation
Authors: F. Valour, J.-P. Rasigade, S. Trouillet-Assant, J. Gagnaire, A. Bouaziz, J. Karsenty, C. Lacour, M. Bes, S. Lustig, T. Bénet, C. Chidiac, J. Etienne, F. Vandenesch, T. Ferry, F. Laurent
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
American Heart Association Guide for Improving Cardiovascular Health at the Community Level
Authors: Thomas A. Pearson, Terry L. Bazzarre, Stephen R. Daniels, Joan M. Fair, Stephen P. Fortmann, Barry A. Franklin, Larry B. Goldstein, Yuling Hong, George A. Mensah, James F. Sallis, Sidney Smith, Neil J. Stone, Kathryn A. Taubert
Journal: Circulation (2003)

HomeCirculationVol. 107, No. 4American Heart Association Guide for Improving Cardiovascular Health at the Community Level
Once-daily Tiotropium Respimat® Add-on to at Least ICS Maintenance Therapy Reduces Airflow Obstruction in Patients with Symptomatic Asthma, Independent of Allergic Status
Authors: Kevin R. Murphy, David S. Pearlman, Ronald Dahl, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Michael Engel, Petra Moroni-Zentgraf, Reinhold Lühmann, Huib A.M. Kerstjens
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Surgical treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the left main bronchus and trachea by left pneumonectomy, resection of 7.5 cm of trachea, and direct reanastomosis of right lung.
Authors: G Stalpaert, G Deneffe, R van Maele
Journal: Thorax (1979)

A 23-year-old woman, who had suffered recurrent acute bronchitis, dyspnoea, and stridor, was found to have a tracheal stenosis and complete left main bronchus obstruction. Biopsy of the tumour showed an adenoid cystic carcinoma. After pneumonectomy the trachea was closed through tumour tissue. Two weeks later a right thoracotomy showed that a tumour had invaded the trachea from the carina up to 6 cm and the right stem bronchus for 1 cm. Under extracorporeal circulation 7.5 cm of the trachea and right bronchus were resected. A direct tracheal anastomosis was easy to perform. Spontaneous respiration with efficient coughing returned after five days. Unfortunately, one month later, high fever caused by a lung abscess developed, which provoked a massive haemoptysis with fatal outcome.
The epidemiology of tuberculosis in gold miners with silicosis.
Authors: R L Cowie
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The elevated risk of tuberculosis in subjects with silicosis is widely accepted but has not been quantified in a population with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. In this study, a cohort of 1,153 older gold miners with and without silicosis who had not had tuberculosis have been followed for 7 yr by a routine mine surveillance program for detection of tuberculosis. One hundred seventy-eight of the men developed tuberculosis. The annual incidence of tuberculosis was 981/100,000 in the 335 men without silicosis and 2,707/100,000 in the 818 men with silicosis. The relative risk for tuberculosis was 2.8 (95% CI, 1.9 to 4.1) for men with silicosis compared with that in the men without silicosis. The incidence of tuberculosis increased from 1% per annum (pa) for the men without silicosis to 2.2% pa for the men with silicosis with Category 1 nodule profusion, 2.9% pa for those with Category 2, and 6.3% pa for those with Category 3 silicosis. This study has confirmed and quantified the high risk of pulmonary and of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in men with silicosis. The incidence of tuberculosis during this 7-yr study suggests that one quarter of these men with silicosis will have developed tuberculosis by 60 yr of age.
Hyperhomocysteinaemia and vascular disease in liver patients
Authors: G Bianchi
Journal: Gut (2006)

We read with interest the case report by Buchel et al ( Gut 2005; 54 :1021–3). The authors reported on a patient with portal hypertension, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, and portal thrombosis that presented an avascular hip necrosis after liver transplantation (OLT). The authors suggested that the whole clinical picture might stem from hyperhomocysteinaemia (high Hcy) and 677C→T heterozygosity for the common gene of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR).

Although the history is suggestive of this hypothesis, high Hcy might also be a secondary phenomenon. It …
Medium tonicity regulates expression of the Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent betaine transporter in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells by increasing transcription of the transporter gene.
Authors: S Uchida, A Yamauchi, A S Preston, H M Kwon, J S Handler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Betaine is one of the major compatible osmolytes accumulated by kidney derived Madin-Darby canine kidney cells cultured in hypertonic medium. Betaine is accumulated by Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent uptake from the medium. To gain insight into the mechanism by which hypertonicity evokes an increase in the Vmax of the betaine transporter in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, we measured the relative abundance of mRNA for the transporter in cells shifted to a hypertonic medium and found parallel increases in mRNA abundance and cotransporter activity. The increase in mRNA levels preceded the increase in transporter activity slightly. Transcription of the gene for the transporter rose rapidly and to the same relative extent as mRNA abundance in cells shifted to hypertonic medium, indicating that transcription of the gene for the cotransporter plays a major role in regulating the accumulation of betaine in response to hypertonicity.
Lysyl Oxidase Activity Is Dysregulated during Impaired Alveolarization of Mouse and Human Lungs
Authors: Arun Kumarasamy, Isabelle Schmitt, Alexander H. Nave, Irwin Reiss, Irene van der Horst, Eva Dony, Jesse D. Roberts, Ronald R. de Krijger, Dick Tibboel, Werner Seeger, Ralph T. Schermuly, Oliver Eickelberg, Rory E. Morty
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Disordered extracellular matrix production is a feature of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The basis of this phenomenon is not understood.To assess lysyl oxidase expression and activity in the injured developing lungs of newborn mice and of prematurely born infants with BPD or at risk for BPD.Pulmonary lysyl oxidase and elastin gene and protein expression were assessed in newborn mice breathing 21 or 85% oxygen, in patients who died with BPD or were at risk for BPD, and in control patients. Signaling by transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) was preemptively blocked in mice exposed to hyperoxia using TGF-beta-neutralizing antibodies. Lysyl oxidase promoter activity was assessed using plasmids containing the lox or loxl1 promoters fused upstream of the firefly luciferase gene.mRNA and protein levels and activity of lysyl oxidases (Lox, LoxL1, LoxL2) were elevated in the oxygen-injured lungs of newborn mice and infants with BPD or at risk for BPD. In oxygen-injured mouse lungs, increased TGF-beta signaling drove aberrant lox, but not loxl1 or loxl2, expression. Lox expression was also increased in oxygen-injured fibroblasts and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.Lysyl oxidase expression and activity are dysregulated in BPD in injured developing mouse lungs and in prematurely born infants. In developing mouse lungs, aberrant TGF-beta signaling dysregulated lysyl oxidase expression. These data support the postulate that excessive stabilization of the extracellular matrix by excessive lysyl oxidase activity might impede the normal matrix remodeling that is required for pulmonary alveolarization and thereby contribute to the pathological pulmonary features of BPD.
Cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: the role of intermittent hypoxia and inflammation
Authors: J. F. Garvey, C. T. Taylor, W. T. McNicholas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

There is increasing evidence that intermittent hypoxia plays a role in the development of cardiovascular risk in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) through the activation of inflammatory pathways. The development of translational models of intermittent hypoxia has allowed investigation of its role in the activation of inflammatory mechanisms and promotion of cardiovascular disease in OSAS. There are noticeable differences in the response to intermittent hypoxia between body tissues but the hypoxia-sensitive transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and nuclear factor-κB appear to play a key role in mediating the inflammatory and cardiovascular consequences of OSAS. Expanding our understanding of these pathways, the cross-talk between them and the activation of inflammatory mechanisms by intermittent hypoxia in OSAS will provide new avenues of therapeutic opportunity for the disease.
Complete clinical response of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib in a patient with hemochromatosis: A case report
Authors: Brian J So, Tanios Bekaii-Saab, Mark A Bloomston, Tushar Patel
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2008)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma is rare, but increasing in prevalence in the United States. Recent studies have shown that sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, can reduce tumor progression in patients with this cancer. However, complete remission has not been observed. We report a case of a 78-year old patient with unresectable metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma who had a rapid and complete clinical response following therapy with sorafenib for six months. No evidence of disease recurrence has been noted for 6 months after discontinuation of therapy.
Diphenylamine Reaction in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: G. R. Fearnley, J. Pirkis, N. De Coek, R. Lackner, R. I. Meanock
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1955)

Background: In the absence of research into therapies and care pathways for long covid, guidance based on “emerging experience” is needed. Aim: To provide a rapid expert guide for GPs and long covid clinical services. Design: Delphi study. Setting: Primary and secondary care doctors. Method: The authors generated recommendations pertaining to the investigation and management of long covid. These were distributed online to a panel of UK doctors (any specialty) with an interest in, lived experience of, and/or experience treating long covid. Over two rounds of Delphi testing, panellists indicated their agreement with each recommendation (5-point Likert scale) and gave comments. Recommendations eliciting a response of “strongly agree”, “agree”, or “neither agree nor disagree” from ≥90% of respondents were taken as showing consensus. Results: Thirty-three clinicians representing 14 specialties reached consensus on 35 recommendations. Chiefly: GPs should consider long covid in the presence of a wide range of presenting features (not limited to fatigue and breathlessness) and exclude differential diagnoses where appropriate. Detailed history and examination with baseline investigations should be conducted in primary care. Indications for further investigation and specific therapies (for myocarditis, PoTS, mast cell disorder) include hypoxia/desaturation, chest pain, palpitations, and histamine-related symptoms. Rehabilitation should be individualised, with careful activity pacing (to avoid relapse) and multidisciplinary support. Conclusions: Long covid clinics should operate as part of an integrated care system, with GPs playing a key role in the multidisciplinary team. Holistic care pathways, investigation of specific complications, management of potential symptom clusters, and tailored rehabilitation are needed.
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from primary chronic myelogenous leukemia patient samples
Authors: Keiki Kumano, Shunya Arai, Masataka Hosoi, Kazuki Taoka, Naoya Takayama, Makoto Otsu, Genta Nagae, Koki Ueda, Kumi Nakazaki, Yasuhiko Kamikubo, Koji Eto, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Mineo Kurokawa
Journal: Blood (2012)
Expression of Myeloid Cell Phenotypes by a Novel Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Cell Line
Authors: S. Koziumi, M. Iwanaga, S. Imai, K. Yamashiro, C. Mikuni, S. Abe, M. Kakinuma, N. Saito, T. Takami, Y. Fukazawa, M. Miwa, T. Osato
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Background: Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)can infect a number of cells of different lineages in vitro. yet the immunophenotypes of most aduly T-cell leukemia/lymphomas (ATLs) are restricted to CD4 ³ . The apparent discrepancy between these findings is still largely unknown. Purpose: We report on a unique case of ATL in which the leukemia cells were positive for both T-cell and myeloid cell antigens. To characterize these cells, we isolasted cell lines from this patient with ATL. Methods: The fresh leukemia cells were cultured without the addition of interleukin-2. Cell cloning was carried out by limiting dilution. Results: A cell line (MU) and its clonasl sublines were established. Mu cells showed the same chromosomal abnormalities and T-cell receptor β-chain gene rearrangement pattern as those of fresh leukemia cells. MU cells were exclusively positive for a myeloid cell marker (CD13) but not for T-cell markers, despite the presence of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. Conclusion: The established ATL cell line showed both T-cell and myeloid cell characteristics, which seems to be the first evidence for the close association of ATL cells with both lymphoid and myeloid features. The cell line may provide a new insight for the targets of HTLV-1 infection and transformation in vivo. [J Nastl Cancer Inst 84:690–693, 1992]
Human-human hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to the Mr 195,000 Plasmodium falciparum blood stage antigen.
Authors: R Schmidt-Ullrich, J Brown, H Whittle, P S Lin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Using the human lymphoblastoid cell line, GM 4672, and PBL of Gambian adults immune to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria, we have produced human-human hybridomas and selected those that produce mAb against Pf antigens. The fusion frequency, using PWM-stimulated donor lymphocytes was between 6.8 X 10(-5) and 1.5 X 10(-6). Using immune fluorescence, immune precipitation, and Pf in vitro growth inhibition, we cloned four hybridomas that reacted with the Pf Mr 195,000 schizont/merozoite protein. The differences in proteins immune precipitated and in growth inhibition indicate that, during development of protective immunity against Pf malaria, a spectrum of antibodies is produced reacting with different epitopes on the same antigen. Only a portion of these antibodies exhibits biological activity, suggesting that the recognition of certain epitopes is required for the development of a protective immune response.
Protein Kinase C δ Is a Downstream Effector of Oncogenic K-ras in Lung Tumors
Authors: Jennifer M. Symonds, Angela M. Ohm, Cristan J. Carter, Lynn E. Heasley, Theresa A. Boyle, Wilbur A. Franklin, Mary E. Reyland
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Oncogenic activation of K-ras occurs commonly in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but strategies to therapeutically target this pathway have been challenging to develop. Information about downstream effectors of K-ras remains incomplete, and tractable targets are yet to be defined. In this study, we investigated the role of protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) in K-ras-dependent lung tumorigenesis by using a mouse carcinogen model and human NSCLC cells. The incidence of urethane-induced lung tumors was decreased by 69% in PKCδ-deficient knockout (δKO) mice compared with wild-type (δWT) mice. δKO tumors are smaller and showed reduced proliferation. DNA sequencing indicated that all δWT tumors had activating mutations in KRAS, whereas only 69% of δKO tumors did, suggesting that PKCδ acts as a tumor promoter downstream of oncogenic K-ras while acting as a tumor suppressor in other oncogenic contexts. Similar results were obtained in a panel of NSCLC cell lines with oncogenic K-ras but which differ in their dependence on K-ras for survival. RNA interference-mediated attenuation of PKCδ inhibited anchorage-independent growth, invasion, migration, and tumorigenesis in K-ras-dependent cells. These effects were associated with suppression of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation. In contrast, PKCδ attenuation enhanced anchorage-independent growth, invasion, and migration in NSCLC cells that were either K-ras-independent or that had WT KRAS. Unexpectedly, our studies indicate that the function of PKCδ in tumor cells depends on a specific oncogenic context, as loss of PKCδ in NSCLC cells suppressed transformed growth only in cells dependent on oncogenic K-ras for proliferation and survival.
Fetal Urinary Peptides to Predict Postnatal Outcome of Renal Disease in Fetuses with Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV)
Authors: Julie Klein, Chrystelle Lacroix, Cécile Caubet, Justyna Siwy, Petra Zürbig, Mohammed Dakna, Françoise Muller, Benjamin Breuil, Angelique Stalmach, William Mullen, Harald Mischak, Flavio Bandin, Bernard Monsarrat, Jean-Loup Bascands, Stéphane Decramer, Joost P. Schanstra
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Bilateral congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), although are individually rare diseases, remain the main cause of chronic kidney disease in infants worldwide. Bilateral CAKUT display a wide spectrum of pre- and postnatal outcomes ranging from death in utero to normal postnatal renal function. Methods to predict these outcomes in utero are controversial and, in several cases, lead to unjustified termination of pregnancy. Using capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry, we have analyzed the urinary proteome of fetuses with posterior urethral valves (PUV), the prototypic bilateral CAKUT, for the presence of biomarkers predicting postnatal renal function. Among more than 4000 fetal urinary peptide candidates, 26 peptides were identified that were specifically associated with PUV in 13 patients with early end-stage renal disease (ESRD) compared to 15 patients with absence of ESRD before the age of 2. A classifier based on these peptides correctly predicted postnatal renal function with 88% sensitivity and 95% specificity in an independent blinded validation cohort of 38 PUV patients, outperforming classical methods, including fetal urine biochemistry and fetal ultrasound. This study demonstrates that fetal urine is an important pool of peptides that can predict postnatal renal function and thus be used to make clinical decisions regarding pregnancy.
Five-Year Follow-Up of the Medicine, Angioplasty, or Surgery Study (MASS II)
Authors: Whady Hueb, Neuza Helena Lopes, Bernard J. Gersh, Paulo Soares, Luiz A.C. Machado, Fabio B. Jatene, Sergio A. Oliveira, Jose A.F. Ramires
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Despite routine use of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), no conclusive evidence exists that either modality is superior to medical therapy (MT) alone for treating multivessel coronary artery disease with stable angina and preserved ventricular function. Methods and Results— The primary end points were total mortality, Q-wave myocardial infarction, or refractory angina requiring revascularization. The study comprised 611 patients randomly assigned to undergo CABG (n=203), PCI (n=205), or MT (n=203). At the 5-year follow-up, the primary end points occurred in 21.2% of patients who underwent CABG compared with 32.7% treated with PCI and 36% receiving MT alone ( P =0.0026). No statistical differences were observed in overall mortality among the 3 groups. In addition, 9.4% of MT and 11.2% of PCI patients underwent repeat revascularization procedures compared with 3.9% of CABG patients ( P =0.021). Moreover, 15.3%, 11.2%, and 8.3% of patients experienced nonfatal myocardial infarction in the MT, PCI, and CABG groups, respectively ( P &lt;0.001). The pairwise treatment comparisons of the primary end points showed no difference between PCI and MT (relative risk, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.67 to 1.30) and a significant protective effect of CABG compared with MT (relative risk, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.77). Conclusions— All 3 treatment regimens yielded comparable, relatively low rates of death. MT was associated with an incidence of long-term events and rate of additional revascularization similar to those for PCI. CABG was superior to MT in terms of the primary end points, reaching a significant 44% reduction in primary end points at the 5-year follow-up of patients with stable multivessel coronary artery disease.
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Authors: J Orchard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

Assessment and Research Centre (FIFA, F-MARC), and the International Olympic Committee Medical Commission (IOC).The aim of the symposium was to provide recommendations for the improvement of safety and health of athletes who suffer concussive injuries in ice hockey, football (soccer), and other sports.To this end a range of experts were invited to address specific issues of epidemiology, basic and clinical science, grading systems, cognitive assessment, new research methods, protective equipment, management, prevention, and long term outcome, and to discuss a unitary model for understanding concussive injury.At the conclusion of the conference, a small group of experts were given a mandate by the conference delegates and organising bodies to draft a document describing the agreement position reached by those in attendance at that meeting.For the purpose of this paper, this group will be called the Concussion in Sport Group (CISG).