tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pediatrics and Perinatology: The Scientific Basis
Authors: Wayne A. Price
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<i>Pediatrics and Perinatology</i>is an excellent resource for the clinician who wishes to better comprehend the scientific basis of disease or the scientist who wishes to better understand the clinical correlates of abnormal biology. The various contributors summarize the most crucial aspects of physiology and then draw correlations with disease states of the growing child. As with the last edition, the most valuable aspect of this book is the emphasis on the developmental features of each physiological process. Great care is taken to detail developmental changes in physiological processes and highlight potential implications for the clinician. Last published in 1993, the book has been generously updated and expanded. Many sections have been added or rewritten, and the number of contributors has increased by one third. Readers familiar with the previous edition,<i>Perinatal and Pediatric Pathophysiology</i>, will wish to note that the title has changed to<i>Pediatrics and Perinatology: The Scientific</i>
Left handedness and breast cancer
Authors: Adrian J Bloor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Labeledpediatric indications for prescription of fluoroquinolones (FQ) are limited. Furthermore, the safety of systemic FQ for growing children has been debated for a long time.1,2 Nevertheless, prescribing FQ for children can be advantageous. First, FQ cover a broad spectrum of bacteriae.3 Second, pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of systemic FQ are favourable. The bioavailability of common FQ agents is usually high and FQ typically penetrate in deep compartments.4,5 In this retrospective multicenter drug utilisation study, we aimed to investigate indications for FQ prescription in a population of children hospitalised in two Belgian university children’s hospitals. Additionally, another goal was to assess the adequacy of prescribed doses, and risk factors for incorrectly dosed FQ prescriptions within our population. <h3>Methods</h3> Using data obtained from electronic medical files, the study included all children who received a sys-temic FQ prescription in two Belgian university children’s hospitals between 2010–2013. Two authors reviewed pre-scribed daily doses. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyse risk factors for inadequately dosing. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 262 FQ prescriptions for unique pa-tients were identified. Most children (57.6%) had signifi-cant chronic comorbidity such as any type of cancer, a neurologic disease, or congenital anomalies of the kid-neys and urinary tract. Ciprofloxacin was by far the most frequently prescribed FQ, representing 253 prescriptions (96.6%). Overall, the number of on-label FQ prescriptions was 43 (16.4%), and prescription was guided by a micro-bial culture in 62 cases (35.1%). 79 prescriptions (30.2%), of which 78 ciprofloxacin prescriptions, were considered to be inaccurately dosed. Underdosing was the most common type, as 57.1% of all inaccurately dosed pre-scriptions were underdosed. In the univariate logistic regression analysis, children younger than 6 years of age were at particular risk of receiving an inadequately dosed prescription. In the final multivariate logistic regression model, when controlled for the sort of FQ prescribed, Odds Ratios for infants and preschool children remained statistically significant. <h3>Conclusion</h3> FQ were often prescribed off-label and not guided by bacteriological findings in our study popula-tion. Dosing errors were common, particularly in infants and preschool children. FQ prescriptions for children should be improved by specific paediatric antimicrobial stewardship teams.
Enalapril and Vulvovaginal Pruritis
Authors: Paul S. Heckerling
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1990Enalapril and Vulvovaginal PruritisPaul S. Heckerling, MDPaul S. Heckerling, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-11-879_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that has proved to be effective in treating hypertension. Inhibition of converting enzyme may decrease the degradation of bradykinin, and elevated levels of bradykinin may result in increased production of prostaglandin E2 (1). Side effects of enalapril include cough (2, 3), bronchospasm (4), and flushing (5), which have been hypothesized to be bradykininor prostaglandin-mediated (1). Vulvovaginal pruritis and dysuria have not, to our knowledge, been reported in association with the use of enalapril.An 80-year-old woman with essential hypertension was begun on enalapril (Vasotec, Merck Sharp & Dohme, West Point, Pennsylvania),...References1. Williams G. Converting-enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1517-25. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. CoulterEdwards DI. Cough associated with captopril and enalapril. Br Med J. 1987;294:1521-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Gibson G. Enalapril-induced cough. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:2701-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SempleHerd PG. Cough and wheeze caused by inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:61. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Cohen K. Flushing induced by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy. Am J Med. 1989,86:358. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul S. Heckerling, MDAffiliations: University of Illinois Chicago, IL 60680 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrurito y enalaprilCharacteristics and Treatment of Hypertension in Women: A Review of the LiteratureCharacteristics and Treatment of Hypertension in Women: A Review of the Literature 1 June 1990Volume 112, Issue 11Page: 879-880KeywordsAngiotensin converting enzyme inhibitorEnzymesHypertensionProstaglandinPruritus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Experts Warn of Health Risks From Loss of Biodiversity
Authors: J. Randal
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Experts Warn of Health Risks From Loss of Biodiversity Get access Judith Randal Judith Randal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 10, 17 May 1995, Pages 714–715, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.10.714 Published: 17 May 1995
VENEREAL DISEASE IN THE THIRTYNINTH DIVISION
Authors: LOYD THOMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The problem of venereal disease in the Thirty-Ninth Division is similar to that in any other divisions in training at the various cantonments. The Thirty-Ninth Division is located at Camp Beauregard, which is situated about 5 miles from Alexandria, La., and is made up of the National Guard troops of Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas, augmented by draft troops from these states.  At first, as would be expected, by far the greater number of venereal cases were old ones brought in by the men from other cities. Later on, especially after the quarantine which existed between the camp and Alexandria on account of meningitis was lifted, the percentage of new cases began to rise.  PROGRAM OF ATTACK  In the handling of the venereal problem in the Army, a certain program of attack has been prepared in the Surgeon-General's Office and is being carried out. This consists of public as well as
Percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy is superior to open surgical commissurotomy at long term follow-up
Authors: Z.G. Turi, B.S. Raju, S. Farkas, P.R. Raju, P. Farkas, S. Kapoor, K. Reddy, B.S. Fromm, J. Wynne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Atypical Endocervical Hyperplasia in Women Taking Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Herbert B. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In 13 patients, a distinctive type of atypical polypoid endocervical hyperplasia was found. To our knowledge, this type of lesion has not been previously recognized. Such lesions have been observed [by us] with increasing frequency during the past two years and are important because they are sufficiently disturbing histologically to raise the question of carcinoma. Thus far, this variety of hyperplasia has been found only in women taking oral progestins, usually for purposes of contraception. Despite their resemblance to adenocarcinoma, the available data point to a benign interpretation. Whether these lesions are more than coincidentally related to use of oral progestins is unknown, but the association is striking and requires experimental evaluation of a possible relationship.
Abstract 5540: CCN5/WISP-2 prevents leptin-induced breast cancer cell growth and migration
Authors: Inamul Haque, Snigdha Banerjee, Kakali Dhar, Indranil Chattopadhyay, Amitabha Ray, Sushanta K Banerjee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract In menopausal women, one of the important risk factors for breast cancer is obesity/adiposity. Despite multiple studies, the biological mechanism by which obesity influences the breast carcinogenic process is still unclear. It is evident from various studies that leptin, a 16 kDa protein hormone over produced in obese people, plays a critical role in neovascularization and tumorigenesis in breast and other organs. Present studies demonstrate that leptin is able to induce proliferation and migration of estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 breast tumor cell lines in a dose-dependent fashion but these effects are minimal in ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, these studies found that leptin suppresses the transcriptional activation of anti-invasive gene CCN5/WISP-2. Although the suppression of CCN5 has no impact on the constitutive proliferation of these cells, it is critical for leptin-induced proliferation and necessary for the induction of in vitro migration of these cells because the addition of CCN5 recombinant protein into the media markedly inhibits the leptin-induced proliferation and migration. Collectively, these in vitro studies suggest that CCN5 may serve as a gatekeeper for leptin dependent breast carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5540. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5540
Alkaline phosphatase induces the mineralization of sheets of collagen implanted subcutaneously in the rat.
Authors: W Beertsen, T van den Bos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

To determine whether alkaline phosphatase (ALP) can cause the mineralization of collagenous matrices in vivo, bovine intestinal ALP was covalently bound to slices of guanidine-extracted demineralized bovine dentin (DDS). The preparations were implanted subcutaneously over the right half of the rat skull. Control slices not treated with the enzyme were implanted over the left half of the skull of the same animals. Specimens were harvested after periods varying from 1 to 4 wk. It was shown that ALP-coupled DDS rapidly accumulated hydroxyapatite crystals. 4 wk after implantation, the content of calcium and phosphate per microgram of hydroxyproline amounted up to 80 and 60%, respectively, of that found in normal bovine dentin. Our observations present direct evidence that ALP may play a crucial role in the induction of hydroxyapatite deposition in collagenous matrices in vivo.
Use of CD4 lymphocyte count to predict long term survival free of AIDS after HIV infection
Authors: A N Phillips, C A Sabin, J Elford, M Bofill, G Janossy, C A Lee
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Malaria is responsible for more than a half million deaths per year. The <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites responsible continue to develop resistance to all known agents, despite treatment with different antimalarial combinations. The atypical Myosin A motor (PfMyoA) is part of a core macromolecular complex called the glideosome, essential for <i>Plasmodium</i> parasite mobility and therefore an attractive drug target. Here, we characterize the interaction of a small molecule (KNX-002) with PfMyoA. KNX-002 inhibits PfMyoA ATPase activity <i>in vitro</i> and blocks asexual blood stage growth of merozoites, one of three motile <i>Plasmodium</i> life-cycle stages. Combining biochemical assays, X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that KNX-002 targets a novel pocket in PfMyoA, sequestering it in a post-rigor state detached from actin. KNX-002 binding affects Mg<sup>2+</sup> coordination near ATP, preventing ATP hydrolysis and thus inhibiting motor activity. This first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor of PfMyoA paves the way for developing a new generation of antimalarial treatments.
Reimbursement of Physicians-Reply
Authors: Frances Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  Examples of services for which I believe pediatricians and family physicians deserve equal payment are ambulatory well-baby care and the frequently encountered illnesses seen by both in office practice. In these cases I believe the quality of care rendered is equivalent. There are only about 5% of pediatric office problems that family physicians are trained to recognize as requiring referral to a specialist. In the 5% of cases where pediatric expertise is necessary, the service is not the same as rendered by the family physician, and the pediatrician should receive a higher fee.  Dr Hoffman suggests that the family physician make up the difference in fee by doing surgery. This is neither possible nor desired. In New York City, most family physicians are not trained in surgery beyond office procedures, though some who practice in rural areas are. In the COMMENTARY, I was concerned with justice for patient
THE ROLE OF THE FATHER IN THE FAMILY ENVIRONMENT OF THE SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENT
Authors: THEODORE LIDZ, BEULAH PARKER, ALICE CORNELISON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

Study of the personalities of fathers of schizophrenic patients and their roles in the family has shown that few, if any, have filled the paternal role usually expected in middle-and upper-class families, and many exerted seriously pathogenic influences upon the family structure and upon the rearing of the children. There is no one type of father who exerts this deleterious influence and who can properly be termed a schizophrenogenic father; however, we have tentatively grouped these fathers into 3 or 4 categories, a grouping which we realize is not all-inclusive: (1) Fathers of schizophrenic daughters—constantly in battle with their wives who do not fulfill their rigid and distorted expectations, and struggling to gain the daughters to follow their patterns while sabotaging the wives as mothers; (2) fathers who cannot endure the rivalry of a son for the wives' attention and who impede the wives' efforts at mothering while derogating the sons; (3) passive fathers who are nonentities in the home, who do not fill their wives' ideals for a male, and furnish little in the way of acceptable patterns for their sons to follow. Some of this group have never filled the masculine role in the home, while some have failed, lost self-esteem, and left the families for the mothers to guide without support. The role of the mother is not considered in this paper, which seeks only to highlight the difficulties produced by the fathers.
GPs and health authority believe that locality commissioning will improve services
Authors: R. F Jankowski, R. Bhatt, A. Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—We agree with Christine E Hine and Max O Bachmann that the collaboration of general practitioners and health authorities at locality level has enormous potential for improving local services for patients.1 A similar evaluation to the authors' was carried out in Ealing, Hammersmith and Hounslow Health Authority, involving the elected lead general practitioners in the 15 localities, members of the general practitioner commissioning executive, and health authority link staff working with general practitioners in localities. The evaluation was based on both responses to questionnaires …
Radiofrequency catheter ablation for treatment of bundle branch reentrant ventricular tachycardia: Results and long-term follow-up
Authors: Todd J. Cohen, Walter W. Chien, Keith G. Lurie, Charlie Young, Harold R. Goldberg, Yin-Shi Wang, Jonathan J. Langberg, Michael D. Lesh, Michael A. Lee, Jerry C. Griffin, Melvin M. Scheinman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF GALLSTONES.
Authors: J. F. W. ROSS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The treatment of gallstones can be divided into medical and surgical. For many years the medical treatment prevailed and the greater benefits to be obtained by surgical treatment were not duly appreciated. Owing to the great advances made in surgery the tables have been turned and the sufferers from gallstones obtain a much greater measure of relief. I know but little of the so-called medical treatment of gallstones, and I am very skeptical as to its practical value. <h3>DANGERS INCURRED BY PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM GALLSTONES.</h3> Not only is there a danger of sudden death from the passage of a gallstone, but there are many other dangers to be encountered. There is the great danger of gangrene of the gall bladder (closely resembling gangrene of the vermiform appendix), with rupture and death or with the formation of a secondary abscess; there is the danger of inflammation with empyema of the gall
Georgian drug misusers switch to Western heroin substitute
Authors: Hannah Cleaver
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A heroin substitute that is made in Britain and mainland Europe and used in harm reduction programmes has resulted in an epidemic of addiction elsewhere, with the former Soviet state of Georgia hardest hit.

Georgians, who have traditionally shunned heroin, are becoming hooked on what is seen as a “clean” alternative. They buy up pills of the synthetic opiate buprenorphine that have been prescribed to registered users in other European countries and smuggled over the Georgian border.

It now poses by far the country's biggest drug problem, says Zaza Berozashvili, a legal expert on the matter in Georgia.

At the end of March he addressed the Tbilisi international conference on countering terrorism and drug trafficking, which …
Interstudy variability of coronary flow reserve. Influence of heart rate, arterial pressure, and ventricular preload.
Authors: A L McGinn, C W White, R F Wilson
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To define the long-term variability of serial coronary flow reserve (CFR) measurements in humans and to evaluate the influence of changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and left ventricular preload on CFR, 45 patients with normal left ventricular function (38 cardiac allograft recipients, five patients with normal coronary arteries, and two patients with minimal coronary artery disease [less than 50% diameter stenosis]) were studied. CFR (ratio of peak hyperemic [h] to resting [r] coronary blood flow velocity [CBFV]) was measured with a 3F coronary Doppler catheter and intracoronary papaverine. Initial CFR measurements were highly correlated with repeat measurements obtained 11 +/- 0.6 months later (r = 0.95; mean absolute difference, 0.3 +/- 0.1; n = 17). Differences in CFR between studies were related to changes in heart rate (r = 0.61, p = 0.01) but not to changes in mean arterial pressure (r = 0.25, p = 0.33). To define the effects of rapid changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and preload on CFR, these variables were altered by atrial pacing, handgrip exercise, and volume expansion, respectively. Atrial pacing produced a rate-related increase in rCBFV but did not change hCBFV. Consequently, CFR was significantly reduced as heart rate was increased progressively from 76 +/- 2 in sinus rhythm (4.5 +/- 0.2) to 100 (3.8 +/- 0.2, p less than 0.05, n = 32) to 120 beats/min (3.2 +/- 0.1, p less than 0.05, n = 7). Despite a 19 +/- 2 mm Hg rise in mean arterial pressure during handgrip exercise, CFR was unchanged from baseline (3.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.4, p = NS, n = 7) because rCBFV rose proportionally with hCBFV. When pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was increased from 9 +/- 1 to 16 +/- 1 mm Hg after volume expansion, CFR was significantly decreased (from 3.8 +/- 0.2 to 2.9 +/- 0.2, p less than 0.05, n = 9) because rCBFV was increased while hCBFV remained unchanged. Hence, serial CFR measurements in humans are highly reproducible in the absence of conditions known to affect resting or hyperemic coronary blood flow. Increases in heart rate or preload reduced CFR because rCBFV was increased while hCBFV was unchanged. In contrast, changes in mean arterial pressure did not alter CFR. Proper interpretation of CFR measurements should take into account the hemodynamic conditions at which they are obtained.
754 QUASISPECIES ANALYSIS OF HBV STRAINS ISOLATED FROM CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS TREATED WITH PEG-INTERFERON+ TENOFOVIR THERAPY
Authors: O. Lada, Q. Zhang, M. Lapalus, C. La'eounan, M. Martinot- Peignoux, E. Estrabaud, N. Boyer, T. Asselah, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Reduced 15-lipoxygenase 2 and lipoxin A<sub>4</sub>/leukotriene B<sub>4</sub>ratio in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Fiona C. Ringholz, Paul J. Buchanan, Donna T. Clarke, Roisin G. Millar, Michael McDermott, Barry Linnane, Brian J. Harvey, Paul McNally, Valerie Urbach
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Airway disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterised by impaired mucociliary clearance, persistent bacterial infection and neutrophilic inflammation. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) initiates the active resolution of inflammation and promotes airway surface hydration in CF models. 15-Lipoxygenase (LO) plays a central role in the "class switch" of eicosanoid mediator biosynthesis from leukotrienes to lipoxins, initiating the active resolution of inflammation. We hypothesised that defective eicosanoid mediator class switching contributes to the failure to resolve inflammation in CF lung disease. Using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 46 children with CF and 19 paediatric controls we demonstrate that the ratio of LXA4 to leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is depressed in CF BAL (p<0.01), even in the absence of infection (p<0.001). Furthermore, 15-LO2 transcripts were significantly less abundant in CF BAL samples (p<0.05). In control BAL, there were positive relationships between 15-LO2 transcript abundance and LXA4/LTB4 ratio (p=0.01, r=0.66) and with percentage macrophage composition of the BAL fluid (p<0.001, r=0.82), which were absent in CF. Impoverished 15-LO2 expression and depression of the LXA4/LTB4 ratio are observed in paediatric CF BAL. These observations provide mechanistic insights into the failure to resolve inflammation in the CF lung.