tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pivotal Role of Anionic Phospholipids in Determining Dynamic Behavior of Lung Surfactant
Authors: EDWARD P. INGENITO, RENE MORA, LENA MARK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) are anionic phospholipids (APLs) present in lung surfactant of virtually all species studied, although their specific contribution to function is unknown. This study examines how APLs influence surfactant monolayer stability and adsorption under static and dynamic conditions. Interfacial properties of surfactants reconstituted with native phospholipids (PL), and phospholipids devoid of anionic species (DAPL), were characterized by pulsating bubble surfactometry. Measurements were made for PL and DAPL alone; with 3% surfactant proteins B and C (SP-B/C); with SP-B/C and 5% surfactant protein A (SP-A); and with SP-B/C, SP-A, and 8% neutral lipids (NL). Equilibrium and dynamic properties of PL and DAPL were similar. However, whereas (DAPL + SP-B/C) and (DAPL + SP-B/C + SP-A) mixtures were similar to corresponding PL mixtures with respect to gamma(equil), they displayed markedly different dynamic behavior. In particular, the degree of film compression required to reach gamma(min) was significantly increased in DAPL mixtures (80 to 90% area reduction) compared with PL, although both samples reached gamma(min) < 3.0 dynes/cm. The addition of NL to (DAPL + SP-B/C + SP-A) produced an increase in gamma(min) to 15 to 20 dynes/cm during dynamic compression, whereas NL had no significant impact on the behavior of (PL + SP-B/C + SP-A). Purified PG (5% wt/wt) restored nearly normal dynamic properties to (DAPL + SP-B/C + SP-A + NL), whereas phosphatidylcholine (PC) (5% wt/wt) had no beneficial effect. These results suggest that APLs play a critical role in promoting surface film stability during dynamic compression through interactions with nonlipid surfactant components, and prevent destabilization of the surface film by cholesterol and other NL.
A Quantitative Metabolic Defect in Lipid Metabolism Associated with Abnormal Serum Lipoproteins in Man
Authors: MAX W. BIGGS, DAVID COLMAN
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Tritium-labeled cholesterol has been fed to a selected series of patients to demonstrate a quantitative metabolic defect in lipid metabolism in the presence of abnormal serum lipoprotein spectra. Patients with abnormal serum lipoprotein spectra carry a greater fraction of their newly absorbed cholesterol in the esterified form than do normals.
Antigen- and receptor-driven regulatory mechanisms. VIII. Suppression of idiotype-negative, p-azobenzenearsonate-specific T cells results from the interaction of an anti-idiotypic second-order T suppressor cell with a cross-reactive-idiotype-positive, p-azobenzenearsonate-primed T cell target.
Authors: M S Sy, A Nisonoff, R N Germain, B Benacerraf, M I Greene
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

The suppressor pathway that regulates the T cell response to p-azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-coupled cells has been studied. It has been found that the ability of anti-idiotypic second-order T suppressor cells (Ts2) to inhibit T cell-dependent delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses depended upon the presence of cross-reactive-idiotype (CRI)-bearing T cells present in ABA-primed mice. This suppressor T cell subset, termed Ts2, so exists with CRI-negative T cells that mediate DTH in vivo. It appears that antigen-activated CRI+ Ts3 require signals from the anti-CRI Ts2 subset to suppress DTH reactions in an idiotype-nonspecific manner. The relevance of these observations to a comprehensive scheme of T and B cell regulation is discussed.
Varus and valgus alignment and incident and progressive knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Leena Sharma, Jing Song, Dorothy Dunlop, David Felson, Cora E Lewis, Neil Segal, James Torner, T Derek V Cooke, Jean Hietpas, John Lynch, Michael Nevitt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Objective Varus and valgus alignment increase medial and lateral tibiofemoral load. Alignment was associated with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis progression in previous studies; an effect on incident osteoarthritis risk is less certain. This study tested whether alignment influences the risk of incident and progressive radiographic tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. Methods In an observational, longitudinal study of the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study cohort, full-limb x-rays to measure alignment were acquired at baseline and knee x-rays were acquired at baseline and knee x-rays at baseline and 30 months. Varus alignment was defined as ≤178° and valgus ≥182°. Using logistic regression and generalised estimating equations, the associations of baseline alignment and incident osteoarthritis at 30 months (in knees without baseline osteoarthritis) and alignment and osteoarthritis progression (in knees with osteoarthritis) were examined, adjusting. For age, gender, body mass index, injury, laxity and strength, with neutral knees as referent. Results 2958 knees (1752 participants) were without osteoarthritis at baseline. Varus (adjusted OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.10) but not valgus alignment was associated with incident osteoarthritis. 1307 knees (950 participants) had osteoarthritis at baseline. Varus alignment was associated with a greater risk of medial osteoarthritis progression (adjusted OR 3.59, 95% CI 2.62 to 4.92) and a reduced risk of lateral progression, and valgus with a greater risk of lateral progression (adjusted OR 4.85, 95% CI 3.17 to 7.42) and a reduced risk of medial progression. Conclusion Varus but not valgus alignment increased the risk of incident tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. In knees with osteoarthritis, varus and valgus alignment each increased the risk of progression in the biomechanically stressed compartment.
918-7 Limitations of Percutaneous Interventions in the Treatment of Bifurcation Lesions Involving the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery
Authors: Brian A. Armstrong, Jean-Francois Tanguay, Kevin R. Kruse, James P. Zidar, Michael H. Sketch, Robert H. Peter, Harry R. Phillips, James E. Tcheng, Richard S. Stack
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Congenital Insufficiency of the Pulmonary Valve
Authors: RICHARD D. SMITH, JAMES W. DUSHANE, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Congenital insufficiency of the pulmonary valve may result if the valvular cusps develop faultily or fail to develop. It is commonly associated with ventricular septal defect, with or without pulmonary stenosis. Under these conditions a continuous precordial murmur may be present. Less commonly, congenital pulmonary valvular insufficiency may appear as an isolated cardiac malformation.
Abstract 3699: Adnab-9: A prospective stool biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Douglas Weinstein, MaryAnn Rambus, Edi Levi, Mei J. Yuan, Michael J. Lawson, Martin Tobi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Sporadic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly lethal cancer and with no proven screening strategies. Adnab-9, a monoclonal antibody to constituents of human colonic adenomas has been shown to be prognostic in IPMN and diagnostic in gastric and colorectal cancer or adenomas (CRN). In this study, we retrospectively and prospectively evaluated the diagnostic potential of Adnab-9 in the stool of two distinct PDA populations. Methods: As proof of principle, 249 Chinese patients submitted stool for screening. Retrospectively, 15 patients had PDA and 80 patients without cancer served as controls. Adnab-9 stool reactivity was determined by ELISA. Prospectively, 1132 American CRN screening program patients submitted stool. Six patients developed PDA over five years of follow-up. 11 Patients free of any significant CRN or other cancer but deceased due to other causes, served as controls. An additional four patients with a known family history of PDA also prospectively submitted stool for Adnab-9. Results: The prospective study results are summarized in the Table. Table: Prospective Study Data for Adnab-9 stool antibody as a biomarker of PDA. The pilot study in Chinese PDA patients found that 12 of 15 patients had stool Adnab-9 ELISA positivity compared to 10 of 80 controls (OR 28, CI 6.7-116.8, P&amp;lt;0.0001). 4 of 6 prospective American study PDA patients had either stool ELISA or Western blot positivity for Adnab-9 compared to 1 of 11 controls (OR=20, CI 1.4-287.6, P&amp;lt;0.03). 2 of 4 patients with family history of PDA had stool positive by Adnab-9 ELISA or Western blot. Conclusions: Our study suggests that Adnab-9 stool tests may be an effective PDA diagnostic marker. Based on previous data in CRC and IPMN, Adnab-9 appears to bind Paneth-like cells, which we and others have shown to be cancer-associated and the likely source of the stool antigen. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the diagnostic efficacy of Adnab-9 stool testing in PDA. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3699. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3699
Pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs have more impact on smokers than words, US study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Adult smokers are more likely to be influenced about the dangers of smoking by pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs than text only warnings, show results from a US study.1

Thirty nine countries throughout the world have now introduced pictorial health warning labels on cigarette packaging, and the US was planning to introduce them in 2012. “But tobacco industry litigation delayed implementation by claiming that the pictorial warnings the FDA [US …
"Topical nephropathy" and "tropical extramembranous glomerulonephritis" of unknown aetiology in Senegal.
Authors: L Morel-Maroger, A G Saimot, J C Sloper, D F Woodrow, C Adam, I Niang, M Payet
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A study of renal biopsy specimens obtained in Senegal from 24 children and six adults with nephrotic syndrome showed two unusual varieties of nephropathy--namely, an extramembranous glomerulonephritis associated with hypocomplementaemia (four cases), a combination previously described only in systemic lupus erythematosus, and a "tropical nephropathy" (16 cases). The latter, though lacking the diffuse glomerular deposits of immunoglobulin described in quartan malarial nephropathy (Q.M.N.), showed a curious progressive and segmental glomerulosclerosis, characterized by a "flaking" or fibrillary splitting of the glomerular capillary wall, seen in Q.M.N. Serological evidence of malaria was lacking in a third of the childhood cases.
CD1d is involved in T cell-intestinal epithelial cell interactions.
Authors: A Panja, R S Blumberg, S P Balk, L Mayer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

We assessed the role of the nonclassical class I molecule, CD1d, in the interaction between intestinal epithelial cells and T cells. In a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) system where the stimulator cells were irradiated normal intestinal cells, the anti-CD1d monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3C11 inhibited T cell proliferation. In contrast, no inhibition was seen when mAb 3C11 was added to conventional MLR cultures (non T cell stimulators). Furthermore, no inhibition was seen when either airway epithelial cells were used as stimulator cells or lamina propria lymphocytes were used as responder cells. These latter two conditions along with a conventional MLR favor CD4+ T cell proliferation. However, we have previously shown that normal intestinal epithelial cells stimulate CD8+ T cells under similar culture conditions. Thus, CD1d expressed on intestinal epithelial cells may be an important ligand in CD8+ T cell-epithelial cell interactions.
FIVE YEARS CLINICAL FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH COMBINED DELIVERY OF INTRACORONARY AND INTRAMYOCARDIAL BONE-MARROW MONONUCLEAR CELLS
Authors: Mariann Gyongyosi, Irene Lang, Markus Dettke, Dietmar Glogar, Gilbert Beran, Heinz Sochor, Silvia Charwat, Günter Christ, Gerald Maurer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
ICSBP Is Essential for the Development of Mouse Type I Interferon-producing Cells and for the Generation and Activation of CD8α+ Dendritic Cells
Authors: Giovanna Schiavoni, Fabrizio Mattei, Paola Sestili, Paola Borghi, Massimo Venditti, Herbert C. Morse, Filippo Belardelli, Lucia Gabriele
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Interferon (IFN) consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP) is a transcription factor playing a critical role in the regulation of lineage commitment, especially in myeloid cell differentiation. In this study, we have characterized the phenotype and activation pattern of subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) in ICSBP−/− mice. Remarkably, the recently identified mouse IFN-producing cells (mIPCs) were absent in all lymphoid organs from ICSBP−/− mice, as revealed by lack of CD11clowB220+Ly6C+CD11b− cells. In parallel, CD11c+ cells isolated from ICSBP−/− spleens were unable to produce type I IFNs in response to viral stimulation. ICSBP−/− mice also displayed a marked reduction of the DC subset expressing the CD8α marker (CD8α+ DCs) in spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus. Moreover, ICSBP−/− CD8α+ DCs exhibited a markedly impaired phenotype when compared with WT DCs. They expressed very low levels of costimulatory molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-1, CD40, CD80, CD86) and of the T cell area-homing chemokine receptor CCR7, whereas they showed higher levels of CCR2 and CCR6, as revealed by reverse transcription PCR. In addition, these cells were unable to undergo full phenotypic activation upon in vitro culture in presence of maturation stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide or poly (I:C), which paralleled with lack of Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 mRNA expression. Finally, cytokine expression pattern was also altered in ICSBP−/− DCs, as they did not express interleukin (IL)-12p40 or IL-15, but they displayed detectable IL-4 mRNA levels. On the whole, these results indicate that ICSBP is a crucial factor in the regulation of two possibly linked processes: (a) the development and activity of mIPCs, whose lack in ICSBP−/− mice may explain their high susceptibility to virus infections; (b) the generation and activation of CD8α+ DCs, whose impairment in ICSBP−/− mice can be responsible for the defective generation of a Th1 type of immune response.
Transendothelial migration of lymphocytes across high endothelial venules into lymph nodes is affected by metalloproteinases
Authors: Christelle Faveeuw, Graham Preece, Ann Ager
Journal: Blood (2001)

Abstract The migration of lymphocytes from the bloodstream into lymph nodes (LNs) via high endothelial venules (HEVs) is a prerequisite for the detection of processed antigen on mature dendritic cells and the initiation of immune responses. The capture and arrest of lymphocytes from flowing blood is mediated by the multistep adhesion cascade, but the mechanisms that lymphocytes use to penetrate the endothelial lining and the basement membrane of HEVs are poorly understood. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) control the metastatic spread of tumor cells by regulating the penetration blood vessel basement membranes. In this study, synthetic and natural inhibitors were used to determine the role of MMPs and MMP-related enzymes in regulating lymphocyte extravasation in mice. Mice were treated systemically with the hydroxamate-based MMP inhibitor Ro 31-9790 and plasma monitored for effective levels of Ro 31-9790, which block shedding of L-selectin. The total numbers of lymphocytes recruited into LNs were not altered, but L-selectin levels were higher in mice treated with Ro 31-9790. A reduced number of lymphocytes completed diapedesis and there was an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the endothelial cell lining, rather than the lumen or the basement membrane of HEVs. Lymphocyte migration and L-selectin expression in the spleen were not altered by Ro 31-9790 treatment. Two MMP inhibitors, TIMP1 and Ro 32-1541, did not block L-selectin shedding and had no effect on lymphocyte migration across HEVs. These results suggest that metalloproteinase activity is required for lymphocyte transmigration across HEVs into LNs and provide evidence for the concept that metalloproteinases are important players in some forms of transendothelial migration.
Traumatic Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: EDWIN M. GOYETTE, HU A. BLAKE, JAMES H. FORSEE, HENRY SWAN
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Aneurysm of the thoracic aorta may follow severe, nonpenetrating injuries of the thorax unaccompanied by rib fractures. The aneurysms characteristically appear in the first portion of the descending aorta or less commonly in the proximal ascending portion. A large aneurysm, progressive enlargement, or symptoms may necessitate excision or repair. Such repair is now feasible. Traumatic aortic aneurysm should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obscure lesions in the thorax when there is a history of severe antecedent trauma.
MS-16 * A RARE CASE OF PRIMARY CNS ANGIOSARCOMA PRESENTING AS AN INCOMPLETE GERSTMANN SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: K. J. Linay, M. C. Bernardo, E. Maranan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Primary central nervous system angiosarcoma is a very rare malignancy, with only 22 cases reported in the literature for the past 26 years. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 60-year old Filipino woman, housewife, presented with 1 week history of difficulty performing daily mathematical equations, difficulty reading words, and difficulty writing. On neurologic exam, patient was found to be oriented to person, place, and time. There was note of dyscalculia, agraphia, and right-left disorientation. There were no finger agnosia, agraphesthesia, astereognosia, nor apraxia. Cranial MRI showed a 4 x 4 x 4.1 cm mass at the left parietal lobe. Total excision of the mass done and biopsy revealed angiosarcoma of the brain. Thorough search for another systemic lesion failed to show any other angiosarcomatous lesion. The patient refused any further radiotherapy or chemotherapy. DISCUSSION: Soft tissue sarcomas comprise a small percent 1% of the malignant neoplasms, and of which only 0.5% comprise the primary brain OR spine sarcoma. In the review of literature that we did, of the 22 reported cases, the tumor was commonly located supratentorially (9/22), affecting middle to late ages with 3:1 male to female ratio. It is an aggressive tumor with a <2-year (range of survival is 4months – 3 ½ years) survival independent of the age, location, or whether chemotherapy or radiotherapy was given. As with the best of our knowledge, there has been no recorded case of angiosarcoma which presented with Gerstmann syndrome in the literature. CONCLUSION: We described the first reported case of primary CNS angiosarcoma in the Philippines and the 23rd worldwide. We also described the first case of angiosarcoma which presented with Gerstmann syndrome. Due to the rarity of this disease, much is still yet to be known in its risk factors, definitive treatment, and prognosis.
CORRELATION BETWEEN THE CONCENTRATION OF BISULPHITE BINDING SUBSTANCES IN THE BLOOD AND THE URINARY THIAMIN EXCRETION 1
Authors: William D. Robinson, Daniel Melnick, Henry Field
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1940)

Following the demonstration in Peters' labora- tory (1, 2) of the specific inability of the thiamindeficient pigeon brain to metabolize pyruvic acid, attempts have been made to utilize methods of demonstrating this biochemical dysfunction as a laboratory test for detecting thiamin deficiencies.Thompson and Johnson (3) in 1935 showed an accumulation of pyruvic acid in the blood of thiamin-deficient animals, and a similar accumu- lation was demonstrated in human beriberi (4).The pyruvic acid values were obtained by esti- mating the bisulphite-binding capacity of the blood and expressing the results in terms of pyruvic acid.In a later paper Platt and Lu (5) showed that, although in animals the large increase in bisulphite-binding substances (B.B.S.) in the blood was probably due entirely to pyruvic acid, only a fraction of the B.B.S. in human cases could be accounted for as pyruvic acid when the latter was determined by the specific hydrazone method of Peters and Thompson (1).The ele- vated B.B.S. values have been observed to return to normal soon after the administration of thiamin (3, 4, 5).Subsequently, Taylor and associates (6, 7) reported that the elevation of blood B.B.S. was not specific for thiamin deficiency but oc- curred in other diseased conditions.This finding was supported by studies from the same labora- tory (8) on the rate of removal of pyruvic acid administered both intravenously and orally.In these studies clinical findings were the sole cri- teria of thiamin deficiency.A specific chemical method for the determina- tion of thiamin in the urine (9) and the applica- tion of this procedure (10, 11) to the diagnosis of thiamin deficiency have been reported by us.
IMPACT OF GENDER ON THE EXTENT OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND PLAQUE CHARACTERIZATION IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES: INSIGHTS FROM THE PROSPECT TRIAL
Authors: Alexandra J. Lansky, Akiko Maehara, Gary Mintz, Vivian Ng, Susan Veldhof, Bernard de Bruyne, John McPherson, Ecaterina Cristea, Barry Templin, Helen Parise, Martin Fahy, Patrick W. Serruys, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Translational Neuroscience of Schizophrenia: Seeking a Meeting of Minds Between Mouse and Man
Authors: Martien J. Kas, René S. Kahn, David A. Collier, John L. Waddington, Jesper Ekelund, David J. Porteous, Klaus Schughart, Iiris Hovatta
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

A meeting held 9 June 2011 in Helsinki, Finland, discussed the requirements for creating useful mouse models for schizophrenia.
Book Review Drugstore Memories: American Pharmacists Recall Life Behind the Counter, 1824–1933 Edited by Glenn Sonnedecker, David L. Cowen, and Gregory J. Higby. 154 pp., illustrated. Madison, Wis., American Institute of the History of Pharmacy, 2002. $15. 0-931292-38-7
Authors: Plinio Prioreschi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)
Female-to-Male Transmission of AIDS: A Reexamination of the African Sex Ratio of Cases
Authors: John Pickering
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The heterosexual transmission of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from males to females is well documented in studies of female partners of hemophiliacs,<sup>1</sup>intravenous drug users,<sup>2</sup>and bisexual men (N.P. and W. Winkelstein, unpublished data). Sexual transmission from females to males is less well documented. Although we do not doubt that this phenomenon occurs,<sup>3</sup>we question whether the ratio of male-to-female cases in Africa necessarily supports the hypothesis that AIDS is primarily spread in Africa by bidirectional heterosexual transmission. The ratio of male-to-female AIDS cases varies geographically. In the United States, this ratio has been 13:1 since the beginning of the epidemic.<sup>4</sup>In Africa, the ratio is closer to unity, although not necessarily 1:1, eg, 1.1:1,<sup>5</sup>2:1.<sup>6</sup>An explanation that may account for some of this discrepancy is that data across continents are not always comparable, and that conditions such as medical
Not an infection with adult Toxocara canis
Authors: A W Woodruff
Journal: BMJ (1981)

quantitation of blood in the stool provide measure- ments of the false-negativity rate observed in several field trials in recent years.Thus not only is the collection and interpretation of data by Mr Griffith and his colleagues inadequate for the problem addressed but also the test used has distinct limitations of sensitivity.Although the guaiac-impregnated paper kits are more reliable than other tests, which fell into disrepute 20- 30 years ago, the fundamental need for experimental control remains.