tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of c-fos protooncogene in normal human peripheral blood granulocytes.
Authors: F Colotta, J M Wang, N Polentarutti, A Mantovani
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

We have investigated by Northern blot analysis the expression of c-fos protooncogene in human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Freshly isolated PMN, unlike highly purified circulating lymphoid cells, showed high levels of c-fos transcripts. Appreciable c-fos mRNA was detected in monocytes, but in lesser amounts compared with PMN. Upon exposure to a series of agents that functionally stimulate granulocytes (PMA, inactivated streptococci, TNF, granulocyte and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor), a considerable increase in c-fos transcripts was detected. Expression of c-fos in PMN was superinduced by exposure to cycloheximide. These data indicate that the myelomonocytic differentiation pathway c-fos expression is not peculiar to monocytes/macrophages and that PMN may represent a suitable system with which to investigate the link between protooncogene expression and functional activation.
Instrumental to the brain
Authors: A. Storr
Journal: BMJ (1996)

These three programmes are so interesting and important that they left me longing for more. Paul Robertson, the distinguished violinist who leads the Medici Quartet, is an excellent presenter, as those who have heard him lecture will already know. He is also visiting professor of music and psychiatry at King-ston University in London and has collaborated with Peter Fenwick, consultant psychiatrist at the Maudsley Hospital, in studying music and the brain. The three programmes range widely, giving us a taste of research into the functions and representation of music that are being conducted on both sides of the Atlantic. The Medici Quartet, together with the veteran clarinettist Jack …
Evaluating the Yield of Medical Tests
Authors: Frank E. Harrell
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A method is presented for evaluating the amount of information a medical test provides about individual patients. Emphasis is placed on the role of a test in the evaluation of patients with a chronic disease. In this context, the yield of a test is best interpreted by analyzing the prognostic information it furnishes. Information from the history, physical examination, and routine procedures should be used in assessing the yield of a new test. As an example, the method is applied to the use of the treadmill exercise test in evaluating the prognosis of patients with suspected coronary artery disease. The treadmill test is shown to provide surprisingly little prognostic information beyond that obtained from basic clinical measurements. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2543-2546)
Evidence that parathyroid hormone-mediated calcium transport in rat brain synaptosomes is independent of cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
Authors: C L Fraser, P Sarnacki, A Budayr
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

In vivo PTH administration to rats resulted in increased brain synaptosomal Ca++ transport, while parathyroidectomy (PTX) resulted in decreased transport. To determine the mechanism of action of PTH on Ca++ transport in rat brain synaptosomes, we performed transport studies by the Na-Ca exchanger and also measured cAMP generation in synaptosomes from PTX rats. Ca++ transport was studied after in vivo additions of either bovine (b)PTH, cAMP, or forskolin, and adenylate cyclase activity was assessed after additions of either bPTH, forskolin, sodium fluoride (NaF), or isoproterenol. In the presence of 1-34 bPTH [10(-7) M], Ca++ uptake was significantly increased by 55% (P less than 0.001) above control, while 3-34 bPTH [10(-7) M] had no effect on uptake. Both 8br,cAMP [10(-6) M] and dibut,cAMP [10(-6) M] also significantly increased (P less than 0.001) Ca++ uptake above control by 63 and 44%, respectively. Similarly, forskolin [10(-5) M], the adenylate cyclase activator, increased Ca++ uptake by 41%. We next evaluated Ca++ efflux, and found that 1-34 bPTH [10(-7) M], 1-84 bPTH [10(-7) M], and forskolin [10(-5) M] also increased Ca++ efflux by 50, 73, and 120%, respectively, above control. Since Ca++ transport was increased by either PTH, cAMP, or forskolin, we decided to determine if PTH action on Ca++ transport in synaptosomes was dependent on cAMP. This was investigated by measuring cAMP production during the conversion of 32P-ATP to 32P-cAMP in the presence of an ATP regenerating system (30 micrograms creatine phosphokinase, 10 mM creatine phosphate), and the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor (1 mM IBMX). Whereas forskolin [10(-4) M] and NaF [100 mM] significantly increased (P less than 0.001) adenylate cyclase activity in synaptosomes by eight- and fourfold, respectively, neither 1-34 bPTH nor 1-84 bPTH increased synaptosomal cyclase activity. However, in canine renal cortical plasma membranes (CRCPM), we observed significant increases in cAMP production with either forskolin, NaF, or PTH. Finally, to determine if synaptosomes contain an intact adenylate cyclase system, we measured cAMP production in the presence of the beta adrenergic agent, isoproterenol. Isoproterenol significantly increased adenylate cyclase activity in both synaptosomes (90%) and CRCPM (50%). These data suggest that although there is an intact adenylate cyclase system in rat brain synaptosomes, PTH-stimulated calcium transport in synaptosomes appears to be independent of this system.
Patients with evidence of coronary endothelial dysfunction as assessed by acetylcholine infusion demonstrate marked increase in sensitivity to constrictor effects of catecholamines.
Authors: J A Vita, C B Treasure, A C Yeung, V I Vekshtein, G M Fantasia, R D Fish, P Ganz, A P Selwyn
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Studies in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization have demonstrated that normal coronary arteries dilate and atherosclerotic arteries constrict in response to exercise and the cold pressor test, but the mechanisms are unknown. These vasomotor responses are mirrored by the vasomotor response to the endothelium-dependent agent acetylcholine. Exercise and the cold pressor test are associated with adrenergic stimulation and increased circulating catecholamines. The present study tested the hypothesis that coronary arteries with intact endothelial function are relatively resistant to the constrictor effects of catecholamines, whereas arteries with loss of endothelial function have increased sensitivity to catecholamine-induced constriction. METHODS AND RESULTS The vasomotor function of the coronary endothelium was assessed by serial acetylcholine infusions (final concentration, 10(-8) to 10(-6) M) in 30 segments in 15 patients with minimal or no evidence of coronary atherosclerosis. The acetylcholine responses were related to the vasomotor response to intracoronary phenylephrine infusion (final concentration, 10(-9) to 10(-6) M) in the same segments. In the group of 18 segments that constricted to acetylcholine, there was a constrictor response to phenylephrine at an approximately 100-fold lower concentration than the group of 12 segments that did not constrict to acetylcholine. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the endothelial dysfunction that characterizes early and late atherosclerosis is associated with a marked increase in sensitivity to the constrictor effects of catecholamines. This finding may explain the constrictor responses of atherosclerotic coronary arteries to exercise and the cold pressor test. In stenotic coronary arteries this mechanism may play a role in the production of myocardial ischemia.
Students whose behaviour causes concern: Am I my brother's keeper?
Authors: M. Galukande
Journal: BMJ (2008)

What should you do when you see a fellow student behaving inappropriately? After a group of students wrote to the <i>BMJ </i>about their experience during an elective (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2874), we sought the opinions of an ethicist (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2882), a dean (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2884), a GMC representative (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2876), and a lecturer from an African university
Prevention of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection
Authors: H. Hunter Handsfield
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Digoxin in Congestive Heart Failure-Reply
Authors: Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Clinical decision making on choice of drug therapy and their combination is complex and is guided by an information base that is derived from many sources, including results of studies and trials that are well designed and performed and also properly analyzed, as well as those from "clinical memory." The purpose of our article was to review briefly the information base and come to what we believe were reasonable and appropriate conclusions from the currently available data. Others may choose to come to somewhat different conclusions; however, it is reasonable that they carefully and thoroughly review for themselves the original publications and take into account others' clinical memory if theirs is only a brief one. Drs Tanenbaum and Feldman did not define what they meant by "informed" and "uninformed practitioners." If a practitioner ignores the data (cited in our article) that demonstrate diuretics alone are not as effective
Six simple questions contra the delay
Authors: F. C. Ringshausen, T. Welte, A. Nienhaus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

During the past decades, the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has steadily declined in most west European countries, and many physicians will no longer encounter TB in their patients. Along with the declining practical experience of physicians, the chance for delay in diagnosing TB increases. An delayed diagnosis of TB index cases is the most important risk factor for the nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) [1], as numerous unprotected contacts among healthcare workers and inpatients may result before the diagnosis of TB is established and respiratory isolation is applied [2, 3]. The clean-up after such a mishap can be complicated and time-consuming, as the individuals concerned need to be identified and contacted. Patients might have been already discharged, or healthcare workers may not be aware of exposure to a TB index case for days or even weeks [4]. However, the difficulty is not over, even when the respective contacts have been identified. As there is no perfect test for the diagnosis of TB infection, the question arises of which test should be used and who should be tested with this assay in order to obtain optimal results. Only close contacts should be tested in order to improve the positive predictive value of …
Letter: Order contraceptives and the liver.
Authors: G H Elder, I A Magnus
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The occurrence of porphyria cutanea tarda symptomatica (PCTS) in 5 patients aged 20-31 who were taking oral contraceptives is reported. None of the patients had a history of previous liver disease, other family members with porphyria, or other than infrequent social drinking. The porphyria appeared within 6 months of starting oral contraceptives in 3 of the patients. It is suggested that the estrogenic component of the oral contraceptives precipitates PCTS in these patients, since the syndrome also occurs in those treated with natural and synthetic estrogens for carcinoma of the prostate or menopausal symptoms. Appropriate laboratory tests on urine and feces samples are necessary to distinguish between PCTS and variegate porphyria when a young woman presents with the skin lesions characteristic of cutaneous hepatic porphyrias.
Major Psychiatric Disorders: Overviews and Selected Readings
Authors: Julia B. Frank
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Teachers of psychopathology will welcome this text, a collection of classic articles on psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders compiled and edited by Frederick G. Guggenheim and Carol Nadelson. These two experienced teachers have combed through their files and brought together the clearest, most comprehensive, and comprehensible articles they could find on schizophrenia, mania and depression, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, personality disorders, and organic brain syndromes. Each of these topics is given a section of the book, is introduced with a well-written preface outlining the relevant section of<i>DSM-III</i>, and gives a clear rationale for why each article was selected. The book's expected audience includes psychiatric residents, primary care physicians, and medical students. It is particularly suited to serve as a core syllabus for a six-week clerkship in psychiatry. Given that the book ranges in time from Lindeman's "Symptomatology and Management of Acute Grief" (1944) to Bear and Arana's "Neurological Syndromes Affecting
Sickle Cell Disease — New Treatments, New Questions
Authors: Alan R. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The history of sickle cell disease shows how tortuous the road can be from the discovery of the mechanism of a disease to improvement in the care of affected patients. A series of extraordinary scientific achievements began in the 1940s: Pauling established sickle cell anemia as the first molecular disease, Ingram identified the critical amino acid substitution in the β-globin chain, Perutz described the three-dimensional structure of hemoglobin, and Harris recognized the pathologic role of rigid intracellular polymers of hemoglobin S. Meanwhile, patients with sickle cell disease continued to suffer bouts of severe pain, disabling strokes, and fatal infections. Those . . .
POST-MORTEM REPORT ON A CASE OF LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: E. CRANSTO. LOW, ANDKEW RUTHERFORD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1920)

Journal Article POST‐MORTEM REPORT ON A CASE OF LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS Get access E. CRANSTO. LOW, M.B., F.R.C.P., E. CRANSTO. LOW, M.B., F.R.C.P. Assistant Physician for Diseases of the Skin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ANDKEW RUTHERFORD, M.B., B.Sc ANDKEW RUTHERFORD, M.B., B.Sc Assistant Pathologist, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 32, Issue 11, 1 November 1920, Pages 326–330, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1920.tb12393.x Published: 01 November 1920
A Novel Diagnostic Tool for Detecting Functional Patency of the Small Bowel: the Given Patency Capsule
Authors: C. Spada, G. Spera, M. Riccioni, L. Biancone, L. Petruzziello, A. Tringali, P. Familiari, M. Marchese, G. Onder, M. Mutignani, V. Perri, C. Petruzziello, F. Pallone, G. Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: The current visualization of small-bowel strictures using traditional radiological methods is associated with high radiation doses and false-negative results. These methods do not always reveal small-bowel patency for solids. The aim is to assess the safety of the Given patency system and its ability to detect intestinal strictures in patients with strictures that are known or suspected radiologically. Materials and Methods: The Given patency capsule is composed of lactose, remains intact in the gastrointestinal tract for 40 - 100 hours post ingestion, and disintegrates thereafter. A total of 34 patients with small-bowel stricture were prospectively enrolled; 30 had a previous diagnosis of Crohn’s disease, three had adhesion syndrome and in one ischemic enteritis was suspected. Of the patients, 15 (44.1 %) had previously undergone surgery. Following ingestion, the capsule was monitored for integrity and transit time, using a specially designed Given scanner and also radiologically. Seventeen patients had been enrolled with the intent of using the patency capsule as a preliminary test in patients with small-bowel strictures before undergoing video capsule endoscopy. Results: 30 patients (88.2 %) retrieved the capsule in the stool; it was intact in 20 (median transit time 22 hours), and disintegrated in 10 patients (median transit time 53 hours). Six patients complained of abdominal pain which disappeared within 24 hours. The scanner successfully indicated the presence of the capsule in 94 % of cases. Ten patients underwent video capsule endoscopy following the patency capsule examination; in all of these the video capsule passed through the small-bowel stricture. Conclusions: This feasibility study has shown that the Given patency capsule is a safe, effective, and convenient tool for assessment of functional patency of the small bowel. It can indicate functional patency even in cases where traditional radiology indicates stricture.
Are Physicians' Recommendations to Limit Life Support Beneficial or Burdensome?
Authors: Douglas B. White, Leah R. Evans, Christopher A. Bautista, John M. Luce, Bernard Lo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Although there is a growing belief that physicians should routinely provide a recommendation to surrogates during deliberations about withdrawing life support, there is a paucity of empirical data on surrogates' perspectives on this topic.
Consciousness: a surprising encounter
Authors: John Spencer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Consciousness is an elusive phenomenon referring to the totality of one's thoughts, feelings, and impressions and to the concepts of will, volition, and mind.

Last year, I was sailing with friends, and we moored overnight at the small Ionian island of Paxos, where we were invited to visit the local aquarium. Following a couple of old signs down a narrow street, I found a large wooden shed housing more than 40 elderly glass tanks of varying sizes, each containing a specimen of local marine life. The owner, …
Transcultural Psychiatry, Human Similarities, and Socioeconomic Evolution
Authors: EUGENE B. BRODY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Transcultural psychiatry may be viewed as the study of behavior reflecting the shared vicissitudes of culture and the similar tendencies that exist within all cultures. Emphasizing the similarities in human behavior under various cultural settings, the author concludes that the mental health of any underprivileged group may be evaluated in terms of two major factors—multiple impairment and cultural exclusion.
Abstract 2430: Targeting estrogen-related receptor alpha using pyrrole-imidazole polyamide
Authors: Yang Li, John Gallagher, Bogdan Olenyuk, Bangyan Stiles, Ankeste Kassa
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), an orphan nuclear receptor, is a prominent regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. We previously showed that liver-specific PTEN deletion and the subsequent activation of PI3K/AKT pathway lead to tumorigenesis. Here we show that Pten-null hepatocytes established from Pten-null mice exhibit dramatically increased ERRα expression, accompanied by elevated mitochondrial mass, cellular oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species production. Silencing ERRα by siRNA in Pten-null hepatocytes not only suppresses mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration but also attenuates hepatocytes' proliferation and colony-forming potential. Cohort analyses of clinical datasets from liver tissues revealed a negative correlation between expressions of PTEN and ERRα in patients with liver cancer. Therefore, targeting ERRα might provide therapeutic implication for treating tumors bearing abnormal PTEN-ERRα signaling. ERRα exerts transcriptional activity towards its target genes via binding to consensus DNA sequences named estrogen-related receptor α response elements (ERRE). The DNA-binding activity of ERRα could be modulated by polyamides, a class of synthetic amino acid oligomers capable of binding to DNA minor groove with sequence specificity. By designing and employing polyamide that specifically targets ERRE in Pten-null hepatocytes, we found the mRNA levels of two ERRα target genes, cytochrome c (cyt c) and ATP synthase β (ATP5b), are reduced. Biochemical gel-shift assay showed the binding between ERRα and ERRE is significantly diminished by polyamides in vitro. Moreover, polyamide treatment in hepatocytes reduced mitochondrial respiration and colony-forming ability. In conclusion, our findings show that ERRα is significantly induced via PTEN-AKT signaling pathway and in turn activates mitochondrial bioenergetics, which likely provides growth and survival advantages. The crucial role in mitochondrial metabolism and the association with PTEN signaling make ERRα a useful target for cancer therapy. Synthetic polyamide that disrupts transcription factor-DNA interaction can be utilized to modulate ERRα's activity, highlighting its potential as a future therapeutic target. Citation Format: Yang Li, John Gallagher, Bogdan Olenyuk, Bangyan Stiles, Ankeste Kassa. Targeting estrogen-related receptor alpha using pyrrole-imidazole polyamide. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2430. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2430
Inborn terror of metabolism
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal