tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression Profiling Identifies Platelet-Derived Growth Factor as a Diagnostic Molecular Marker for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Yukiko Yano, Naoya Uematsu, Tohru Yashiro, Hisato Hara, Ei Ueno, Masanao Miwa, Gozoh Tsujimoto, Yuji Aiyoshi, Kazuhiko Uchida
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Cancer diagnostics and therapeutics are often based on clinically relevant markers that are expressed specifically in a malignant tissue at levels higher than in normal tissue. We examined potential markers for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by monitoring PTC-specific gene expression using cDNA microarray.Gene expression profiles for PTC tissue, normal thyroid tissue, and healthy peripheral blood cells were compared by use of a human 4000-gene cDNA microarray. Protein expressions of the up-regulated genes in PTC were examined in thyroid tissues by immunohistochemistry.Sixty-four genes were overexpressed in PTC tissue relative to normal thyroid tissue and healthy peripheral blood cells. The genes that were up-regulated in PTC were involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, angiogenesis, and oncogenesis. Among these genes, basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor were identified by immunochemical methods as proteins that are specifically expressed at high levels in thyroid neoplasms. Basic fibroblast growth factor, which has been identified as a biomarker for PTC, was overexpressed in 54% of PTC cases, 67% of follicular thyroid carcinomas, and 36% of benign thyroid neoplasms. Platelet-derived growth factor was overexpressed in 81% of PTC cases and 100% of follicular carcinomas, but was immunonegative in normal thyroid tissues and benign thyroid neoplasms.Platelet-derived growth factor may be a potential biomarker for PTC and follicular carcinoma. Expression profile analysis using a microarray followed by immunohistochemical study can be used to facilitate the development of molecular biomarkers for cancer.
Inhibition of NF- B, Clonogenicity, and Radiosensitivity of Human Cancer Cells
Authors: F. Pajonk, K. Pajonk, W. H. McBride
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

Activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB is part of the immediate early response of tissues to ionizing irradiation. This pathway has been shown to protect cells from tumor necrosis factor-alpha, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy-induced apoptosis (programmed cell death). However, because the role of NF-kappaB as a modifier of the intrinsic radiosensitivity of cancer cells is less clear, we have studied the impact of NF-kappaB on the intrinsic radiosensitivity of human cancer cells.We used PC3 prostate cancer cells and HD-MyZ Hodgkin's lymphoma cells transduced with an adenovirus vector that contains a gene encoding a form of IkappaB (an inhibitor of NF-kappaB) that cannot be phosphorylated. This form of IkappaB will remain bound to NF-kappaB; thus, NF-kappaB cannot be activated. We monitored NF-kappaB activity with a gel-shift assay and used a colony-forming assay to assess clonogenicity and radiosensitivity.Constitutive DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB was dramatically decreased in PC3 cells transduced with the IkappaB super-repressor gene. The clonogenicity of transduced PC3 cells declined to 19.6% of that observed for untreated control cells, a finding similar to one we have previously demonstrated for IkappaB-transduced HD-MyZ cells. However, inhibition of NF-kappaB activity in the surviving PC3 and HD-MyZ cells failed to alter their intrinsic radiosensitivity.We conclude that activation of NF-kappaB does not determine the intrinsic radiosensitivity of cancer cells, at least for the cell lines tested in this study.
Effect of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I Infection on Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Incidence
Authors: F. R. Cleghorn, A. Manns, R. Falk, P. Hartge, B. Hanchard, N. Jack, E. williams, E. jaffe, F. White, C. Bartholomew, W. Blattner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Effect of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I Infection on Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Incidence Get access Farley R. Cleghorn, Farley R. Cleghorn 1Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National cancer InstituteBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Angela Manns, Angela Manns 1Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National cancer InstituteBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roni Falk, Roni Falk 1Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National cancer InstituteBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patricia Hartge, Patricia Hartge 1Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National cancer InstituteBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barrie Hanchard, Barrie Hanchard 3The University of the West IndiesJamaica, and Trinidad Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Noreen Jack, Noreen Jack 4The Caribbean Epidemiology Center,Trinidad, West Indies Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elaine williams, Elaine williams 3The University of the West IndiesJamaica, and Trinidad Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elaine jaffe, Elaine jaffe 2Laboratory of Pathology, Divison of Cancer Biology, Diagnosis, and Centers, National cancer InstituteBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Franklin White, Franklin White 4The Caribbean Epidemiology Center,Trinidad, West Indies Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Courtenay Bartholomew, Courtenay Bartholomew 3The University of the West IndiesJamaica, and Trinidad Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ... Show more William Blattner William Blattner * 1Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Division of Cancer Etiology, National cancer InstituteBethesda, MD * Correspondence to: Farley R. cleghorn, M.D., M.P.H., National Institutes of Health, Executive Plaza North, Rm. 434, 6130 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 13, 5 July 1995, Pages 1009–1014, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.13.1009 Published: 05 July 1995
Phase III Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Survival of Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With Nolatrexed or Doxorubicin
Authors: Robert G. Gish, Camillo Porta, Lucian Lazar, Paul Ruff, Ronald Feld, Adina Croitoru, Lynn Feun, Krzysztof Jeziorski, John Leighton, Jennifer Knox, José Gallo, Gerard T. Kennealey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

The study objective was to compare the overall survival (OS) of patients with unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with nolatrexed (NOL) or doxorubicin (DOX).Patients from North America, Europe, and South Africa (N = 445) with HCC were randomly assigned to receive NOL or DOX. Eligible patients had Karnofsky performance status (KPS) > or = 60%, Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score < or = 3, and adequate organ function. Primary end point was OS. Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rates, and safety. The treatment groups were well-balanced with regards to age, sex, ethnic origin, and underlying liver disease. Randomization was stratified according to KPS and CLIP score.At the time of the final analysis, 377 patients had died. Median OS was 22.3 weeks for NOL and 32.3 weeks for DOX (P = .0068). The hazard ratio was 0.753 in favor of DOX. Objective response rate (complete response [CR] plus partial response [PR]) was 1.4% for NOL and 4.0% for DOX. Median PFS was 12 weeks for NOL and 10 weeks for DOX (P = .7091). Median time to treatment failure was 8.4 weeks for NOL and 9.1 weeks for DOX (P = .0969). Grade 3 and 4 stomatitis, vomiting, diarrhea, and thrombocytopenia were more common in the NOL arm. Alopecia was more common in the DOX arm. More patients were withdrawn from study for toxicity in the NOL arm than in the DOX arm.NOL showed minimal activity in this phase III trial. Further exploration at this dose and schedule in HCC is not warranted.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Is Superior to a Combination of Epirubicin and Interferon-α2b in the Intravesical Treatment of Patients with Stage T1 Urinary Bladder Cancer. A Prospective, Randomized, Nordic Study
Authors: Miloš Duchek, Robert Johansson, Staffan Jahnson, Oddvar Mestad, Pekka Hellström, Sverker Hellsten, Per-Uno Malmström
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Precocious appearance of involucrin and epidermal transglutaminase during differentiation of psoriatic skin
Authors: B.A. BERNARD, A. REANO, Y.M. DARMON, J. THIVOLET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

We compared the distribution in psoriatic skin of three different markers usually found in the stratum granulosum of normal skin. Using dansylcadaverine, we demonstrate that epidermal transglutaminase activity can be detected in most of the suprabasal layers of involved psoriatic skin and that the epidermal transglutaminase activity closely matches involucrin distribution. The glycoprotein GP37 was not detected in involved psoriatic skin of stable lesions. These results suggest that the integrated control of several independent pathways of terminal differentiation is lost in psoriasis, resulting in the classical feature of parakeratosis with absence of the stratum granulosum.
Developmentally regulated infectivity of malaria sporozoites for mosquito salivary glands and the vertebrate host.
Authors: M G Touray, A Warburg, A Laughinghouse, A U Krettli, L H Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Sporozoites are an invasive stage of the malaria parasite in both the mosquito vector and the vertebrate host. We developed an in vivo assay for mosquito salivary gland invasion by preparing Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoites from infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes under physiological conditions and inoculating them into uninfected female Ae. aegypti. Sporozoites from mature oocysts were isolated from mosquito abdomens 10 or 11 d after an infective blood meal. Salivary gland sporozoites were isolated 13 or 14 d after an infective blood meal. Purified oocyst sporozoites that were inoculated into uninfected female mosquitoes invaded their salivary glands. Using the same assay system, sporozoites derived from salivary glands did not reinvade the salivary glands after inoculation. Conversely, as few as 10 to 50 salivary gland sporozoites induced infection in chickens, while only 2 of 10 chickens inoculated with 5,000 oocyst sporozoites were infected. Both sporozoite populations were found to express a circumsporozoite protein on the sporozoite surface as determined by immunofluorescence assay and circumsporozoite precipitation test using a circumsporozoite protein-specific monoclonal antibody. We conclude that molecules other than this circumsporozoite protein may be responsible for the differential invasion of mosquito salivary glands or infection of the vertebrate host.
T cell receptor genes in a series of class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones specific for a Plasmodium berghei nonapeptide: implications for T cell allelic exclusion and antigen-specific repertoire.
Authors: J L Casanova, P Romero, C Widmann, P Kourilsky, J L Maryanski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

We report here the first extensive study of a T cell repertoire for a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. We have found that the T cell receptors (TCRs) carried by 28 H-2Kd-restricted CTL clones specific for a single Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite nonapeptide are highly diverse in terms of V alpha, J alpha, and J beta segments and aminoacid composition of the junctional regions. However, despite this extensive diversity, a high proportion of the TCRs contain the same V beta segment. These results are in contrast to most previously reported T cell responses towards class II MHC-peptide complexes, where the TCR repertoires appeared to be much more limited. In our study, the finding of a dominant V beta in the midst of otherwise highly diverse TCRs suggests the importance of the V beta segment in shaping the T cell repertoire specific for a given MHC-peptide complex. As an additional finding, we observed that nearly all clones have rearranged both TCR alpha loci. Moreover, as many as one-third of the CTL clones that we analyzed apparently display two productive alpha rearrangements. This argues against a regulated model of sequential recombination at the alpha locus and consequently raises the question of whether allelic exclusion of the TCR alpha chain is achieved at all.
Seeking Help: B Cells Adapting to Flu Variability
Authors: Robbert G. van der Most, François P. Roman, Bruce Innis, Emmanuel Hanon, David W. Vaughn, Paul Gillard, Karl Walravens, Martine Wettendorff
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

CD4 T cell help, potentially driven by adjuvantation, increases B cell adaptability by driving the plasticity and evolution of B cells and, consequently, the antibody response to influenza antigens.
Changing Patterns of Anal Canal Carcinoma in the United States
Authors: Rebecca A. Nelson, Alexandra M. Levine, Leslie Bernstein, David D. Smith, Lily L. Lai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Persistent human papillomavirus infection is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCA). With changing sexual behaviors, SCCA incidence and patient demographics may also have changed in recent years.The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results public-use data set from 1973 to 2009 was analyzed to determine incidence trends for and demographic factors characterizing SCCA. Joinpoint analyses identified time points when incidence rates changed. For comparison, similar analyses were conducted for anal adenocarcinoma.Joinpoint analyses identified 1997 as the single inflection point among 11,231 patients with SCCA, at which the slope of incidence rates statistically increased (1997 to 2009 v 1973 to 1996: risk ratio [RR], 2.2; 95% CI, 2.1 to 2.3). Annual percent change (APC) increased for all SCCA stages and was the greatest for anal carcinoma in situ (CIS; APC, 14.2; 95% CI, 10.2 to 18.4). Demographic changes characterizing later versus earlier time period included younger age at diagnosis and rising incidence rates in all stage, sex, and racial groups. During 1997 to 2009, women were less likely to present with CIS (RR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.3) but more likely to present with localized (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.3) and regional SCCA (RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.4 to 1.7). In contrast, adenocarcinoma APCs among 1,791 patients remained stable during this time period.CIS and SCCA incidence increased dramatically after 1997 for men and women, although men were more likely to be diagnosed with CIS. These changes likely resulted from available screening in men and argue for efforts to identify high-risk individuals who may benefit from screening.
Antioxidant Treatment Ameliorates Respiratory Syncytial Virus–induced Disease and Lung Inflammation
Authors: Shawn Monique Castro, Antonieta Guerrero-Plata, Giovanni Suarez-Real, Patrick A. Adegboyega, Giuseppe N. Colasurdo, Amir M. Khan, Roberto P. Garofalo, Antonella Casola
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children. No treatment has been shown to significantly improve the clinical outcome of patients with this infection. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress could play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung inflammatory diseases. We do not known whether RSV induces pulmonary oxidative stress and whether antioxidant treatment can modulate RSV-induced lung disease.Objectives: To investigate the effect of antioxidant administration on RSV-induced lung inflammation, clinical disease, and airway hyperreactivity (AHR).Methods: BALB/c mice were infected with 107 plaque-forming units of RSV, in the presence or absence of orally administered butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), an antioxidant. Malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal were measured in bronchoalveoar lavage (BAL) by colorimetric assay. Cytokines and chemokines were measured in BAL by Bio-Plex and leukotrienes were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AHR to methacholine challenge was measured by whole-body plethysmography.Results: BHA treatment significantly attenuated RSV-induced lung oxidative stress, as indicated by the decrease of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal content in BAL of RSV-infected mice. RSV-induced clinical illness and body weight loss were also reduced by BHA treatment, which inhibited neutrophil recruitment to the lung and significantly reduced pulmonary cytokine and chemokine production after RSV infection. Similarly, antioxidant treatment attenuated RSV-induced AHR.Conclusion: Modulation of oxidative stress represents a potential novel pharmacologic approach to ameliorate RSV-induced acute lung inflammation and potentially prevent long-term consequences associated with RSV infection, such as bronchial asthma.
“N of 1” case reports in the era of whole-genome sequencing
Authors: A. Rose Brannon, Charles L. Sawyers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Prostate cancer has a range of clinical outcomes, from complete remission in response to treatment to death as a result of aggressive metastasis. Prognosis for individuals with prostate cancer is not readily predictable, and new diagnostics will be useful for treatment strategy determination. In this issue of the JCI, Haffner and colleagues use comprehensive tumor genome sequencing to investigate the origin of genetic mutations underlying a case of lethal prostate cancer. Surprisingly, the lethal clone in this individual arose from a tumor focus that is typically considered very low risk based on histology. Their report highlights the need to collect and curate "N of 1" cases to develop a database that can be used for clinical decision making.
Concentration and chemical state of copper in synovial fluid and blood serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: W Niedermeier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1965)

It was recently reported (Niedermeier, Creitz, and Holley, 1962) that the copper concentration in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis was elevated by a factor of three.The observation that copper could not be dialysed out of either "normal" or rheumatoid synovial fluid led to speculation concerning the nature of the compounds with which this element was associated.It was shown (Schmid and MacNair, 1956) by immunoelectrophoresis that synovial fluid from patients with joint effusions contained ceruloplasmin.This paper presents for the first time quantitative determinations of ceruloplasmin in synovial fluid and shows that the increase in copper concentration in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is due almost entirely to an increase in ceruloplasmin con- centration. MethodsCollection oj Specimens Specimens of blood were collected by venepuncture from nineteen "apparently normal" volunteers and from 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis.After coagulation, the blood was centrifuged and the serum promptly removed from the clot and analysed for copper and ceruloplasmin.Synovial fluid was aspirated from the knee joints of six "normal" volunteers, twelve cadavers in which death was due to various causes but had no evidence of connective tissue disease, and 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis with effusion.Fluid was collected from one knee joint only of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis; the volume aspirated ranged from 3 to 30 ml. (mean for 23 specimens 18 8 ml.).Fluid from both knee joints of the normal volunteers was aspirated and pooled; the volume aspirated ranged from 1 8 to 4 0 ml.(mean for six specimens 2 6 ml.).Fluid from both knee joints of the cadavers was like-
A complication of internal fixation rods in sport.
Authors: O Levy, A Schindler, A Chechik, M Heim
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1993)

Methods of internal fixation of broken bones are numerous.Rigid fixation allows early mobilization and also a better anatomical reduction of the fractured bone.Once solid bony union has occurred patients are asymptomatic and return to participation in sports.The surgeon is often faced with opposition when he suggests that the sportsman should once again subject himself to surgery and have the painless, asymptomatic internal fixation device removed.This short case report highlights the necessity for the removal of the foreign material.
Increased risk of acute pancreatitis among tetracycline users in a Swedish population-based case–control study
Authors: Rickard Ljung, Jesper Lagergren, Tomas S Bexelius, Fredrik Mattsson, Mats Lindblad
Journal: Gut (2011)

To evaluate the suggested association between tetracycline and acute pancreatitis in a large pharmacoepidemiological study.The use of tetracycline in relation to the risk of acute pancreatitis was examined in a nationwide case-control study of people aged 40-84 years between 2006 and 2008 in Sweden. The Swedish Patient Register was used to identify 6161 cases of first-episode acute pancreatitis. The Register of the Total Population was used to randomly select 61,637 control subjects from the general population using frequency-based density sampling, matched for age, sex, and calendar year. Tetracycline use was defined as 'current', 'recent', 'past' or 'former' if the drug had been dispensed 0-30 days, 31-180 days, 181-365 days or 1-3½ years before the index date, respectively. The risk of acute pancreatitis was estimated by unconditional logistic regression, providing ORs with 95% CIs, adjusted for potential confounding factors.There was a 60% increased risk of acute pancreatitis among current users of tetracycline after adjustment for potential confounders (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.1). There was no increased OR for any category of previous use.Current use of tetracycline is associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis, verifying previous case reports.