tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography of Esophagitis, Barrett's Esophagus, and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: S. Jäckle, N. Gladkova, F. Feldchtein, A. Terentieva, B. Brand, G. Gelikonov, V. Gelikonov, A. Sergeev, A. Fritscher-Ravens, J. Freund, U. Seitz, S. Schröder, N. Soehendra
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Background and Study Aims: We studied the feasibility of endoscopic optical coherence tomography imaging in esophageal disorders, including Barrett's esophagus and Barrett-related adenocarcinoma. Optical coherence tomography is a high-resolution cross-sectional imaging technique with a resolution of almost 10 μm.
Phase 2 study of rituximab plus ABVD in patients with newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Anas Younes, Yasuhiro Oki, Peter McLaughlin, Amanda R. Copeland, Andre Goy, Barbara Pro, Lei Feng, Ying Yuan, Hubert H. Chuang, Homer A. Macapinlac, Fredrick Hagemeister, Jorge Romaguera, Felipe Samaniego, Michelle A. Fanale, Bouthaina Shbib Dabaja, Maria A. Rodriguez, Nam Dang, Larry W. Kwak, Sattva S. Neelapu, Luis E. Fayad
Journal: Blood (2012)
Effect of cruciferous vegetables on lung cancer in patients stratified by genetic status: a mendelian randomisation approach
Authors: Paul Brennan, Charles C Hsu, Norman Moullan, Neonilia Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Jolanta Lissowska, David Zaridze, Peter Rudnai, Eleonora Fabianova, Dana Mates, Vladimir Bencko, Lenka Foretova, Vladimir Janout, Federica Gemignani, Amelie Chabrier, Janet Hall, Rayjean J Hung, Paolo Boffetta, Federico Canzian
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
CD4+ T Cell–mediated Granulomatous Pathology in Schistosomiasis Is Downregulated by a B Cell–dependent Mechanism Requiring Fc Receptor Signaling
Authors: Dragana Jankovic, Allen W. Cheever, Marika C. Kullberg, Thomas A. Wynn, George Yap, Patricia Caspar, Fred A. Lewis, Raphael Clynes, Jeffrey V. Ravetch, Alan Sher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The effector functions of CD4+ T lymphocytes are generally thought to be controlled by distinct populations of regulatory T cells and their soluble products. The role of B cells in the regulation of CD4-dependent host responses is less well understood. Hepatic egg granuloma formation and fibrosis in murine schistosomiasis are dependent on CD4+ lymphocytes, and previous studies have implicated CD8+ T cells or cross-regulatory cytokines produced by T helper (Th) lymphocytes as controlling elements of this pathologic process. In this report, we demonstrate that B cell–deficient (μMT) mice exposed to Schistosoma mansoni develop augmented tissue pathology and, more importantly, fail to undergo the spontaneous downmodulation in disease normally observed during late stages of infection. Unexpectedly, B cell deficiency did not significantly alter T cell proliferative response or cause a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance. Since schistosome-infected Fc receptor–deficient (FcR γ chain knockout) mice display the same exacerbated egg pathology as that observed in infected μMT mice, the B cell– dependent regulatory mechanism revealed by these experiments appears to require receptor-mediated cell triggering. Together, the data demonstrate that humoral immune response/FcR interactions can play a major role in negatively controlling inflammatory disease induced by CD4+ T cells.
BONE DISEASE IN MODERATE RENAL FAILURE: Cause, Nature, and Prevention
Authors: David A. Bushinsky, MD
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1997)

▪ Abstract There are two primary types of bone disorders observed in patients with end-stage renal disease: a high-turnover osteodystrophy characterized by osteitis fibrosa, and a low-turnover osteodystrophy characterized initially by osteomalacia and, more recently, by adynamic or aplastic bone disease. This article reviews the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and laboratory findings of patients with these two disorders. It discusses the important roles of phosphorus binding, vitamin D administration, and correction of acidosis in prevention and treatment of bone disease in patients with moderate renal insufficiency.
Do Oscar Winners Live Longer than Less Successful Peers? A Reanalysis of the Evidence
Authors: Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Ella Huszti, James A. Hanley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

In an article published in Annals of Internal Medicine in 2001, Redelmeier and Singh reported that Academy Award–winning actors and actresses lived almost 4 years longer than their less successful peers. However, the statistical method used to derive this statistically significant difference gave winners an unfair advantage because it credited an Oscar winner's years of life before winning toward survival subsequent to winning. When the authors of the current article reanalyzed the data using methods that avoided this "immortal time" bias, the survival advantage was closer to 1 year and was not statistically significant. The type of bias in Redelmeier and Singh's study is not limited to longevity comparisons of persons who reach different ranks within their profession; it can, and often does, occur in nonexperimental studies of life- or time-extending benefits of medical interventions. The current authors suggest ways in which researchers and readers may avoid and recognize this bias.
Direct measurement of L-type Ca2+ window current in heart cells.
Authors: Y Hirano, A Moscucci, C T January
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The activation and inactivation relations of several ion channel currents overlap, suggesting the existence of a steady-state or "window" current. We studied L-type Ca2+ channel window current in single cardiac Purkinje cells using a voltage-clamp protocol by which channels were first inactivated nearly completely during a long-duration depolarizing step, and then the recovery of Ca2+ current was observed during repolarizing steps into the L-type Ca2+ window voltage range. With these conditions, a small-amplitude inward Ca2+ current gradually developed after repolarization to voltages within the window but not after steps to voltages positive or negative to it. Window current was suppressed by Cd2+ (50 microM), nifedipine (1 microM), and nicardipine (1 microM), and it was augmented by isoproterenol (5 microM) and Bay K 8644 (1 microM). At voltages at which window current developed, L-type Ca2+ channels also recovered to a closed state from which they could be reopened by an additional depolarizing step. At voltages positive to the window range, channel recovery to a closed state(s) was absent, whereas at voltages negative to the window range, channel recovery to a closed state(s) increased, as expected from the "steady-state" inactivation relation. Our results provide direct measurement of L-type Ca2+ window current and distinguish it from other processes, such as slow inactivation. Our findings support the postulate that within a window there occur channel transitions from inactivated to closed states, and these channels (re)open, and this process may occur repetitively. Some physiological and pathophysiological roles for L-type Ca2+ window current are discussed.
A novel homozygous mutation in recombination activating gene 2 in 2 relatives with different clinical phenotypes: Omenn syndrome and hyper-IgM syndrome
Authors: Janet Chou, Rima Hanna-Wakim, Irit Tirosh, Jennifer Kane, David Fraulino, Yu Nee Lee, Soha Ghanem, Iman Mahfouz, André Mégarbané, Gérard Lefranc, Adlette Inati, Ghassan Dbaibo, Silvia Giliani, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Raif S. Geha, Michel J. Massaad
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Effect of Prehospital Induction of Mild Hypothermia on Survival and Neurological Status Among Adults With Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Francis Kim, Graham Nichol, Charles Maynard, Al Hallstrom, Peter J. Kudenchuk, Thomas Rea, Michael K. Copass, David Carlbom, Steven Deem, W. T. Longstreth, Michele Olsufka, Leonard A. Cobb
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Hospital cooling improves outcome after cardiac arrest, but prehospital cooling immediately after return of spontaneous circulation may result in better outcomes.To determine whether prehospital cooling improves outcomes after resuscitation from cardiac arrest in patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF) and without VF.A randomized clinical trial that assigned adults with prehospital cardiac arrest to standard care with or without prehospital cooling, accomplished by infusing up to 2 L of 4°C normal saline as soon as possible following return of spontaneous circulation. Adults in King County, Washington, with prehospital cardiac arrest and resuscitated by paramedics were eligible and 1359 patients (583 with VF and 776 without VF) were randomized between December 15, 2007, and December 7, 2012. Patient follow-up was completed by May 1, 2013. Nearly all of the patients resuscitated from VF and admitted to the hospital received hospital cooling regardless of their randomization.The primary outcomes were survival to hospital discharge and neurological status at discharge.The intervention decreased mean core temperature by 1.20°C (95% CI, -1.33°C to -1.07°C) in patients with VF and by 1.30°C (95% CI, -1.40°C to -1.20°C) in patients without VF by hospital arrival and reduced the time to achieve a temperature of less than 34°C by about 1 hour compared with the control group. However, survival to hospital discharge was similar among the intervention and control groups among patients with VF (62.7% [95% CI, 57.0%-68.0%] vs 64.3% [95% CI, 58.6%-69.5%], respectively; P = .69) and among patients without VF (19.2% [95% CI, 15.6%-23.4%] vs 16.3% [95% CI, 12.9%-20.4%], respectively; P = .30). The intervention was also not associated with improved neurological status of full recovery or mild impairment at discharge for either patients with VF (57.5% [95% CI, 51.8%-63.1%] of cases had full recovery or mild impairment vs 61.9% [95% CI, 56.2%-67.2%] of controls; P = .69) or those without VF (14.4% [95% CI, 11.3%-18.2%] of cases vs 13.4% [95% CI,10.4%-17.2%] of controls; P = .30). Overall, the intervention group experienced rearrest in the field more than the control group (26% [95% CI, 22%-29%] vs 21% [95% CI, 18%-24%], respectively; P = .008), as well as increased diuretic use and pulmonary edema on first chest x-ray, which resolved within 24 hours after admission.Although use of prehospital cooling reduced core temperature by hospital arrival and reduced the time to reach a temperature of 34°C, it did not improve survival or neurological status among patients resuscitated from prehospital VF or those without VF.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00391469.
Pace mapping using body surface potential maps to guide catheter ablation of accessory pathways in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Authors: M Dubuc, R Nadeau, G Tremblay, T Kus, F Molin, P Savard
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND. A pace mapping technique using body surface potential maps (BSPMs) was developed to guide the positioning of an ablation catheter at the ventricular insertion point of accessory pathways (AP) in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW). METHODS AND RESULTS. The study was performed on 30 WPW patients. BSPMs were recorded with 63 leads distributed over the entire torso surface. The catheter used for radiofrequency ablation was first placed in the vicinity of the ventricular preexcitation site predicted by BSPMs recorded during the delta wave. BSPMs were then recorded during pacing with this catheter, the comparison between the preexcited and paced BSPMs indicated whether the pacing site was too anterior or posterior with respect to the preexcitation site, and the catheter was moved accordingly. This process was repeated until the preexcited and paced BSPMs were highly correlated (r &gt; or = 0.8), and ablation then was attempted. It was possible to successfully ablate the AP in 28 patients after an investigation that lasted 54 +/- 44 minutes between the recording of the first paced BSPM and that of the BSPM paced at the successful ablation site. Patients with left free wall pathways needed less investigation time compared with patients with pathways of other locations (46 +/- 9 versus 100 +/- 25 minutes, p = 0.031). The sensitivity of BSPM pace mapping was assessed using pacing with a multipolar catheter, and significant changes were observed on the BSPMs for beats with pacing sites that were only 5 mm apart. CONCLUSIONS, BSPM pace mapping allowed us to achieve a 93% success rate with short investigation durations, provides significant information that cannot be obtained with the standard 12-lead ECG, is a self-correcting procedure that reduces the importance of BSPM alterations due to individual differences in the shape of the torso or heart, and is applicable only to patients with AP showing antegrade conduction.
Gastroesophageal reflux causing nutritional failure and vomiting in a teenager with cystic fibrosis and respiratory failure
Authors: Alexandra Higton, Sarah Collins, Diana Bilton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2011)

Gastro-oesophageal reflux is common in children and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF).1,2 It has been associated with both decline in lung function and low body mass index.3,4 Traditionally oesophageal pH monitoring has been used to detect acid reflux, but more recently impedence pH studies has allowed more sensitive detection of not only acid, but also non-acid reflux. Fundoplication has been performed in children and adults with variable outcomes, but may reduce decline in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) in those with poor lung function.5 We describe the multidisciplinary team (MDT) management of a 17-year-old girl with decline in lung function, severe reflux, vomiting and weight loss despite gastrostomy feeding. She underwent successful fundoplication in spite of preoperative respiratory failure.
Bcl2 Induces DNA Replication Stress by Inhibiting Ribonucleotide Reductase
Authors: Maohua Xie, Yun Yen, Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Fadlo R. Khuri, Walter J. Curran, Paul W. Doetsch, Xingming Deng
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

DNA replication stress is an inefficient DNA synthesis process that leads replication forks to progress slowly or stall. Two main factors that cause replication stress are alterations in pools of deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) precursors required for DNA synthesis and changes in the activity of proteins required for synthesis of dNTPs. Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), containing regulatory hRRM1 and catalytic hRRM2 subunits, is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ribonucleoside diphosphates (NDP) to deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates (dNDP) and thereby provides dNTP precursors needed for the synthesis of DNA. Here, we demonstrate that either endogenous or exogenous expression of Bcl2 results in decreases in RNR activity and intracellular dNTP, retardation of DNA replication fork progression, and increased rate of fork asymmetry leading to DNA replication stress. Bcl2 colocalizes with hRRM1 and hRRM2 in the cytoplasm and directly interacts via its BH4 domain with hRRM2 but not hRRM1. Removal of the BH4 domain of Bcl2 abrogates its inhibitory effects on RNR activity, dNTP pool level, and DNA replication. Intriguingly, Bcl2 directly inhibits RNR activity by disrupting the functional hRRM1/hRRM2 complex via its BH4 domain. Our findings argue that Bcl2 reduces intracellular dNTPs by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase activity, thereby providing insight into how Bcl2 triggers DNA replication stress.
Telomerase Peptide Vaccination in NSCLC: A Phase II Trial in Stage III Patients Vaccinated after Chemoradiotherapy and an 8-Year Update on a Phase I/II Trial
Authors: Paal Fr. Brunsvig, Jon Amund Kyte, Christian Kersten, Stein Sundstrøm, Mona Møller, Marta Nyakas, Gaute L. Hansen, Gustav Gaudernack, Steinar Aamdal
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: We report two clinical trials in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients evaluating immune response, toxicity, and clinical outcome after vaccination with the telomerase peptide GV1001: a phase II trial (CTN-2006) in patients vaccinated after chemoradiotherapy and an 8-year update on a previously reported phase I/II trial (CTN-2000). Experimental Design: CTN-2006: 23 inoperable stage III patients received radiotherapy (2 Gy × 30) and weekly docetaxel (20 mg/m2), followed by GV1001 vaccination. CTN-2000: 26 patients were vaccinated with two telomerase peptides (GV1001 and I540). The immune responses were evaluated by T-cell proliferation and cytokine assays. Results: CTN-2006 trial: a GV1001-specific immune response developed in 16/20 evaluable patients. Long-term immunomonitoring showed persisting responses in 13 subjects. Serious adverse events were not observed. Immune responders recorded a median PFS of 371 days, compared with 182 days for nonresponders (P = 0.20). CTN-2000 trial update: 13/24 evaluable subjects developed a GV1001 response. The immune responders achieved increased survival compared with nonresponders (median 19 months vs. 3.5 months; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Follow-up of four long-time survivors showed that they all harbored durable GV1001-specific T-cell memory responses and IFNγhigh/IL-10low/IL-4low cytokine profiles. Two patients are free of disease after 108 and 93 months, respectively. Conclusions: Vaccination with GV1001 is well tolerated, immunizes the majority of NSCLC patients and establishes durable T-cell memory. The considerable immune response rate and low toxicity in the phase II trial support the concept of combining chemoradiotherapy with vaccination. The survival advantage observed for immune responders warrants a randomized trial. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6847–57. ©2011 AACR.
Fluorouracil Induces Myocardial Ischemia With Increases of Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Lactic Acid but Without Dysfunction of Left Ventricle
Authors: Søren Astrup Jensen, Philip Hasbak, Jann Mortensen, Jens Benn Sørensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Fluorouracil (FU) is a cornerstone of colorectal cancer treatment; however, it has clinical and subclinical influence on the heart. This study aimed to clarify the pathophysiology, risk factors, and long-term effects of FU cardiotoxicity.The study prospectively accrued colorectal cancer patients (n=106) completely resected and adjuvantly treated with FU and oxaliplatin according to the FOLFOX4 regimen (infusional FU, folinic acid, and oxaliplatin). Serial measurements were made of systolic and diastolic features of the left ventricle by radionuclide ventriculography, plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), lactic acid, and ECG before chemotherapy, immediately after a treatment infusion, and at follow-up 2 weeks after cessation of the intended 12 treatment courses and were further evaluated by multivariate regression analysis that included cardiovascular history and its risk factors.In the entire cohort, NT-proBNP significantly increased from baseline 14.5±3.2 pmol/L (mean±standard error) to 28.3±5.3 pmol/L during FU therapy (P<.001). Nine patients (8.5%) with cardiotoxicity had significantly higher NT-proBNP of 55.3±40.8 pmol/L compared with 25.4±4.1 pmol/L in those without (P<.001). In multivariate analysis, the FU-induced rise of NT-proBNP was significantly higher in females (P<.001). Plasma lactic acid significantly increased from baseline (1.3±0.1 mmol/L to 1.8±0.1 mmol/L) during FU therapy (P<.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline of 0.66±0.01 remained unchanged at 0.65±0.01 during FU therapy and 0.66±0.01 at follow-up (P=.4).FU therapy generally induces myocardial neuroendocrine changes with increasing plasma NT-proBNP and lactic acid but without long-term dysfunction of the left ventricle. The usability of NT-proBNP as a predictive marker for FU cardiotoxicity remains to be clarified.
Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by extracellular adherence protein of <i>Staphylococcus aureus </i>
Authors: Changping Xie, Pilar Alcaide, Brian V. Geisbrecht, Darius Schneider, Mathias Herrmann, Klaus T. Preissner, Francis W. Luscinskas, Triantafyllos Chavakis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). A major hallmark of MS is the infiltration of T cells reactive against myelin components. T cell infiltration is mediated by the interaction of integrins of the beta1 and beta2 family expressed by lymphocytes with their endothelial counter-receptors, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, respectively. We have reported previously that extracellular adherence protein (Eap) of Staphylococcus aureus exerts antiinflammatory activities by interacting with ICAM-1 and blocking beta2-integrin-dependent neutrophil recruitment. Here, we report that Eap inhibits experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. In vitro, Eap reduced adhesion of peripheral blood T cells to immobilized ICAM-1 as well as their adhesion and transmigration of TNF-activated human endothelium under static and shear flow conditions. These inhibitory effects were corroborated in two mouse models of inflammation. In a delayed-type hypersensitivity model, both T cell infiltration and the corresponding tissue edema were significantly reduced by Eap. In addition, Eap administration prevented the development of EAE and markedly decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells into the CNS. Strikingly, intervention with Eap after the onset of EAE suppressed the disease. Collectively, our findings indicate that Eap represents an attractive treatment for autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorders such as MS.
Trends in selective abortions of girls in India: analysis of nationally representative birth histories from 1990 to 2005 and census data from 1991 to 2011
Authors: Prabhat Jha, Maya A Kesler, Rajesh Kumar, Faujdar Ram, Usha Ram, Lukasz Aleksandrowicz, Diego G Bassani, Shailaja Chandra, Jayant K Banthia
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
Travelling to China for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games
Authors: C J Milne, M T M Shaw
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

The Beijing Olympics will be the world's premier sporting event in 2008. Countries should begin planning for appropriate support for their Olympic athletes. Experienced medical staff should be appointed early and become familiar with the major medical or injury concerns of athletes and officials. Teams should assemble a comprehensive medical kit. Appropriate medical advice can ensure that athletes will arrive in Beijing in optimal condition. Medical issues particularly relevant to competitors at the Beijing Olympics include heat and humidity, waterborne diseases and air pollution. However, the air pollution probably represents less of a threat than previous media reports would indicate. The Olympic village and venues can be thought of as small enclaves located within a rapidly developing country.