tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Indirect Macrophage Responses to Ionizing Radiation: Implications for Genotype-Dependent Bystander Signaling
Authors: Philip J. Coates, Jana K. Rundle, Sally A. Lorimore, Eric G. Wright
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract In addition to the directly mutagenic effects of energy deposition in DNA, ionizing radiation is associated with a variety of untargeted and delayed effects that result in ongoing bone marrow damage. Delayed effects are genotype dependent with CBA/Ca mice, but not C57BL/6 mice, susceptible to the induction of damage and also radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia. Because macrophages are a potential source of ongoing damaging signals, we have determined their gene expression profiles and we show that bone marrow–derived macrophages show widely different intrinsic expression patterns. The profiles classify macrophages derived from CBA/Ca mice as M1-like (pro-inflammatory) and those from C57BL/6 mice as M2-like (anti-inflammatory); measurements of NOS2 and arginase activity in normal bone marrow macrophages confirm these findings. After irradiation in vivo, but not in vitro, C57BL/6 macrophages show a reduction in NOS2 and an increase in arginase activities, indicating a further M2 response, whereas CBA/Ca macrophages retain an M1 phenotype. Activation of specific signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways in irradiated hemopoietic tissues supports these observations. The data indicate that macrophage activation is not a direct effect of radiation but a tissue response, secondary to the initial radiation exposure, and have important implications for understanding genotype-dependent responses and the mechanisms of the hemotoxic and leukemogenic consequences of radiation exposure. [Cancer Res 2008;68(2):450–6]
Ultrasound Evaluation of the Renal Transplant
Authors: Alfred B. Kurtz
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ULTRASOUND in renal transplantation studies may be used for (1) initial pretransplant evaluation in both the donor and the recipient, (2) immediate postsurgical examination, and (3) long-term serial follow-up. The ability of ultrasound to analyze soft tissue, both within and surrounding the kidney, makes it an important complementary examination to the functional information provided by an excretory urogram. An understanding of the ultrasound characteristics of the kidney are important, since changes in these echo patterns are suggestive of disease. The kidney has strong echoes that arise from the outer surface—the capsule. Strong echoes are also produced from the midportion of the kidney and are caused by numerous reflecting interfaces from the renal hilus, defined as the central collecting system, which includes the blood vessels, the fatty fibrous tissue, and the pelvicalyceal system. While any of these structures may become prominent, a separation of the central collecting system usually implies hydronephrosis.
Linear IgA dermatosis with severe arthralgia
Authors: R.E.A. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Linear IgA dermatosis with severe arthralgia Get access R.E.A. Williams R.E.A. Williams Department of Dermatology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 121, Issue 4, 1 October 1989, Pages 541–542, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb15524.x Published: 01 October 1989
Cancer of the Female Reproductive Organs.
Authors: S. B. Gusberg
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This is an excellent addition to the rapidly growing library of monographs on gynecological malignancy. It is highly colored by the personal views of the author, an experienced teacher, but this adds flavor to a fairly comprehensive and lucid exposition of this subject. It will be useful for both undergraduate and graduate students. The introductory chapters afford a glimpse into the rapidly evolving sciences of radiobiology and radiation physics. The later clinical chapters are balanced by the presentation of the pathological, radiological, and surgical aspects of these problems in a mature and logical fashion that indicates a seasoned approach to this subject. The chapter on cancer of the cervix, comprehensive and lucid, is especially good in this respect. It surely will convince the reader that a broad understanding of several disciplines of medicine are required for the most expert management of gynecological cancer. This monograph is notable for the orderliness
Long-Term Cardiac-Targeted RNA Interference for the Treatment of Heart Failure Restores Cardiac Function and Reduces Pathological Hypertrophy
Authors: Lennart Suckau, Henry Fechner, Elie Chemaly, Stefanie Krohn, Lahouaria Hadri, Jens Kockskämper, Dirk Westermann, Egbert Bisping, Hung Ly, Xiaomin Wang, Yoshiaki Kawase, Jiqiu Chen, Lifan Liang, Isaac Sipo, Roland Vetter, Stefan Weger, Jens Kurreck, Volker Erdmann, Carsten Tschope, Burkert Pieske, Djamel Lebeche, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, Roger J. Hajjar, Wolfgang C. Poller
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— RNA interference (RNAi) has the potential to be a novel therapeutic strategy in diverse areas of medicine. Here, we report on targeted RNAi for the treatment of heart failure, an important disorder in humans that results from multiple causes. Successful treatment of heart failure is demonstrated in a rat model of transaortic banding by RNAi targeting of phospholamban, a key regulator of cardiac Ca 2+ homeostasis. Whereas gene therapy rests on recombinant protein expression as its basic principle, RNAi therapy uses regulatory RNAs to achieve its effect. Methods and Results— We describe structural requirements to obtain high RNAi activity from adenoviral and adeno-associated virus (AAV9) vectors and show that an adenoviral short hairpin RNA vector (AdV-shRNA) silenced phospholamban in cardiomyocytes (primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes) and improved hemodynamics in heart-failure rats 1 month after aortic root injection. For simplified long-term therapy, we developed a dimeric cardiotropic adeno-associated virus vector (rAAV9-shPLB) to deliver RNAi activity to the heart via intravenous injection. Cardiac phospholamban protein was reduced to 25%, and suppression of sacroplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase in the HF groups was rescued. In contrast to traditional vectors, rAAV9 showed high affinity for myocardium but low affinity for liver and other organs. rAAV9-shPLB therapy restored diastolic (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, dp/dt min , and τ) and systolic (fractional shortening) functional parameters to normal ranges. The massive cardiac dilation was normalized, and cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte diameter, and cardiac fibrosis were reduced significantly. Importantly, no evidence was found of microRNA deregulation or hepatotoxicity during these RNAi therapies. Conclusions— Our data show for the first time the high efficacy of an RNAi therapeutic strategy in a cardiac disease.
Finger-Stick Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Leann Olansky, Laurence Kennedy
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Since its introduction three decades ago, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) using finger-stick blood samples, test strips, and portable meters has aided diabetes management, principally by enabling patients—particularly those treated with insulin—to become full partners along with health professionals in striving for excellent glycemic control. Over time the use of glucose meters has become easier and faster with smaller and smaller blood samples yielding results in a matter of seconds. For this reason, glucose meters are now increasingly used in hospital wards, intensive care units, and other facilities such as dialysis units and infusion centers to provide point-of-care results that would take much longer through routine laboratory channels. This technology has largely taken the guess work out of diabetes management. Without such technology, intensive glucose control such as that achieved in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial may not have been demonstrated to prevent or decrease microvascular complications; insulin pump therapy would not really be practical; and hypoglycemia would remain an even greater source of anxiety for patients and their families than it already is.

We have come to rely so much on finger-stick glucose that it is easy to forget its limitations. In considering this we will discuss accuracy, specificity, and, in light of those, inappropriate usage.

### Accuracy

Although there is no universally binding standard, guidelines issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) are widely acknowledged. ISO guideline 15197 suggests that for glucose levels <75 mg/dl, a meter should read within 15 mg/dl of the reference sample, and for levels ≥75 mg/dl, the reading should be within 20%. A meter also should be able to meet these targets in at least 95% of the samples tested (1).

Several examples serve to illustrate the implications of this degree of imprecision. Assuming a meter does indeed meet the ISO guideline, …
Paterson-Kelly Syndrome in Adolescence
Authors: M. DA. Crawfurd, A. Jacobs, B. Murphy, D. K. Peters
Journal: BMJ (1965)

MmiO 1189 about 1 in.(2.5 cm.) across, with moderate sepsis.He was treated with prophylactic anti- tetanus serum 1,500 units, crystalline penicillin, and painting with gentian violet, exposing the abdomen.(This is our routine treatment for babies with septic umbilicus admitted usually about a week after birth, and often with cellulitis of the whole abdominal wall.)On the fifth day I was called to see him as a loop of intestine was protruding through the wall of the sac.In the theatre the intestine was washed and replaced in the abdominal cavity.The sides of the abdomen were pressed, causing the hole to close, and, after covering it with sterile gauze, continuous Elastoplast strapping was bandaged round the baby.This was left undisturbed for two weeks and then changed.He was discharged well on 1 August 1962.
CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW, OXYGEN AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN JEOPARDIZED CEREBRUM AFTER EXPERIMENTAL STROKE
Authors: D. F. Wong, H. Solomon, T. K. Natarajan, H. Nauta, R. F. Dannals, J. Clothier, M. Feldman, S. Tanada, W. Jankel, T. Toung, T. Ravert, A. A. Wilson, M. Stumpf, J. Links, H. Klein, K. Murray, H. Loats, P. Loats, H. Mayberg, S. Goldman, V. Villemagne, H. N. Wagner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

We performed serial PET measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen metabolic rate (CMRO2) & glucose metabolic rate (CMRglu) during the week after cerebral infarction in three Papio Anubis baboons who underwent transorbital coagulation occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MI) while under alphaxalone/alphadolone anesthesia. Serial PET & EEG were carried out 2 days before & 1–4 hrs, 2,5 & 7 days after surgery. CBF, CMRO2, and oxygen extraction ratio were measured using the 0–15 labelled CO2 and O2 steady-state method. CMRglu was obtained kinetically with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose. A well-defined lesion encompassing about 15% of the brain could be visualized on the initial post-occlusion PET image. A tendency for a U-shaped curve of rates vs. time was seen in all 3 baboons for each parameter compatible with luxury perfusion by 5–7 days. Decreases of about 50% in all parameters occurred in the absolute or ratio of stroke to centralateral normal brain. A 3-D slice-count profile was used to evaluate the penumbra & center stroke region. The experimental protocol offers an opportunity to assess cerebral protective drugs following stroke in clinical situations as well as in animal studies.
Adjuvant Therapy for Surgically Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: James L. Abbruzzese
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Religious Objection to a Medicolegal Autopsy: A Case and a Statute
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Maryland was the first state in the United States to adopt an organized, state-wide medical-examiner system under a chief medical examiner in its 1939 law.1 It was also the first of the colonies on the American continent to appoint a coroner. The year was 1637. It took until the Bicentennial Year of 1976, however, and in an opinion printed late in the year, for that state to decide judicially the important constitutional issue of whether religious objections on the part of next of kin could prevent a statutorily required medicolegal autopsy. A Maryland intermediate appellate court has decided that the . . .
The effects of internal radiation exposure on cancer mortality in nuclear workers at Rocketdyne/Atomics International.
Authors: B Ritz, H Morgenstern, D Crawford-Brown, B Young
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We examined the effects of chronic exposure to radionuclides, primarily uranium and mixed-fission products, on cancer mortality in a retrospective cohort study of workers enrolled in the radiation-monitoring program of a nuclear research and development facility. Between 1950 and 1994, 2,297 workers were monitored for internal radiation exposures, and 441 workers died, 134 (30.4%) of them from cancer as the underlying cause. We calculated internal lung-dose estimates based on urinalysis and whole-body and lung counts reported for individual workers. We examined cancer mortality of workers exposed at different cumulative lung-dose levels using complete risk-set analysis for cohort data, adjusting for age, pay type, time since first radiation monitored, and external radiation. In addition, we examined the potential for confounding due to chemical exposures and smoking, explored whether external radiation exposure modifies the effects of internal exposure, and estimated effects after excluding exposures likely to have been unrelated to disease onset. Dose-response relations were observed for death from hemato- and lymphopoietic cancers and from upper aerodigestive tract cancers, adjusting for age, time since first monitored, pay type, and external (gamma) radiation dose. No association was found for other cancers, including cancers of the lung. Despite the small number of exposed deaths from specific cancer types and possible bias due to measurement error and confounding, the positive findings and strong dose-response gradients observed suggest carcinogenic effects of internal radiation to the upper aerodigestive tract and the blood and lymph system in this occupational cohort. However, causal inferences require replication of our results in other populations or confirmation with an extended follow-up of this cohort.
John Snow and anaesthesia
Authors: D. Zuck
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

As an admirer of all that Dr Stanwell-Smith has done for the John Snow Society, I comment reluctantly on her review (December 2003 JRSM1) of the recently published biography.2 Why does she describe Snow as curmudgeonly? Sir Charles Locock, in his 1859 presidential address to the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, eulogized Snow as follows: `Dr. Snow was recognized everywhere as a remarkably modest and unassuming man, strictly honorable, of a thoroughly amiable disposition, and few have been more regretted by all who had the pleasure of knowing him.' Hardly the description of a curmudgeon.

How did his decision to specialize in `the new and controversial technique of anaesthesia' militate against the recognition of his contribution to medicine? The controversy, if it had any existence at all, was against obstetric analgesia, and did not last long. Snow could list the Queen and members of the nobility among his patients. His contribution to the science of anaesthesia was well recognized in his lifetime, and has been ever since. He is one of the supporters of the Royal College of Anaesthetists' coat of arms, and the Association presents a John Snow Silver Medical.

There would be no point in the Michigan-based authors belonging to the John Snow Society, because it does not publish proceedings. However, I, who was the authors' gofer on this side of the Atlantic for some four years, and whose name appears on the title page, have been a member for more than ten, and I can testify that three of the authors, during visits to London, bought memorabilia from the John Snow Society and visited the eponymous pub.

I was present at the late Dick Ellis's memorable Blessed Chloroform Lecture. That there has been only one does not indicate a lack of interest in Snow; the Proceedings of the History of Anaesthesia Society and the anaesthetics journals provide evidence to the contrary. Has anyone been invited to deliver a second Blessed Chloroform Lecture? Anaesthetists being a self-effacing lotit goes with the specialtyare not going to nominate themselves.
Complete remission in advanced blastic NK‐cell lymphoma/leukemia in elderly patients using the hyper‐CVAD regimen
Authors: Michael Shapiro, Mariusz A. Wasik, Jacqueline M. Junkins‐Hopkins, Alain H. Rook, Carmela C. Vittorio, Haruka Itakura, Matthew C. Frankel, Sofia Georgala, Stephen J. Schuster
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract Although its cell of origin is still controversial, the blastic NK‐cell leukemia/lymphoma clearly represents a distinct type of hematopoietic neoplasm that is particularly clinically aggressive when it occurs in elderly patients as a disseminated, multi‐organ disease. Consistently effective treatments have not been developed for this malignancy. The present report describes two elderly patients with widespread blastic NK‐cell leukemia/lymphoma involving the skin, bone marrow, peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and viscera. In both cases the malignant cells were CD56+, CD2+, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) positive with no detectable T‐cell receptor (TCR) γ chain gene rearrangement. The cells also exhibited a low CD45 expression and strong CD99 (mic‐2) expression, as seen in immature lymphoid malignancies. The above findings support the precursor NK‐cell, rather than mature NK‐ or non‐NK‐cell, origin of the malignant cells. It is noteworthy that the two patients achieved complete responses to treatment with hyper‐CVAD (fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone) alternating with high‐dose methotrexate/cytarabine, a regimen currently utilized in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and high‐grade lymphoma. The complete remission (CR) was sustained for 24 months in one patient who received four cycles (eight courses) of the treatment. It lasted 9 months in the second patient, who received only two cycles (four courses). If similar results are obtained with future patients, a randomized study comparing the hyper‐CVAD regimen to other therapeutic strategies may be warranted. Am. J. Hematol. 74:46–51, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical Tetralogy of Fallot: A Noncyanotic Form with Increased Lung Vascularity
Authors: RICHARD D. ROWE, PETER VLAD, JOHN D. KEITH
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Only recently has the association of pulmonic stenosis with increased pulmonary blood flow been recognized. Four symptomatic infant cases are described in which the clinical diagnosis was large interventricular septal defect. Hemodynamic study showed the presence of associated pulmonic stenosis. Features suggesting that there is an overriding aorta in these patients, and that they, therefore, form an atypical group within the tetralogy of Fallot, are presented. The diagnosis has been confirmed in one case at autopsy. Their differentiation from clinically similar malformations as well as the surgical problem they pose is discussed.
S10 Cost Burden Of N-acetylcysteine (nac) In Adult Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: R. Nasr, I. Kausar, N. Chaudhuri
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> New data from the US IPFNET PANTHER Study<sup>1</sup> has failed to demonstrate efficacy of NAC in adult IPF patients with mild to moderate disease. However, use of NAC in adults with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is commonplace in the UK<sup>2</sup> despite weak clinical evidence and limited support from clinical guidelines. NICE recently estimated that between 30 and 45% of patients with moderate IPF are treated with NAC monotherapy at an annual cost of £158 per patient<sup>3</sup>. We wanted to estimate the cost burden of NAC prescribing in England based on the actual acquisition cost to the NHS. <h3>Methods</h3> We obtained the actual prices of NAC at a dose of 600 mg TDS from 11 different sources in England including IPF specialist centres, UK Medicines Information and guidance from Area Prescribing Teams and applied the average price into the NICE IPF costing template assuming 45% of moderate IPF (just over 3000 patients) patients receive NAC and 90% are still taking treatment at 52 weeks. <h3>Results</h3> The average annual cost of NAC from 11 different sources was £675.63 (425% greater than NICE cost assumptions) with costs ranging from £144–£1078 per annum. This equates to an estimated annual cost of NAC in England of £2,070,266. <h3>Conclusion</h3> NAC is unlicensed with a recent trial demonstrating limited benefit in treating IPF. The estimated annual cost burden of NAC to the NHS in England is very high. In light of the current financial position of the NHS more should be done to reduce the use of ineffective treatments that offer poor value for money. Physicians should re-evaluate the use of NAC in the management of IPF. <h3>References</h3> Raghu G <i>et al</i> The Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Nertwork. Randomized Trial of Acetylcysteine in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i> 2014;370:2093–2101 Kausar <i>et al</i>. Practise Patterns in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Results of a UK Physician Survey. <i>Thorax</i> 2012;67:A117-A118 doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.411 (http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ta282/resources/ta282-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis-pirfenidone-costing-template)