tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AS A POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION OF MAJOR SURGERY
Authors: Felix Wróblewski
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Myocardial infarction is an uncommon but challenging postoperative complication. A review of the clinical and autopsy data of 15 patients studied at Memorial Center was made in an attempt to evaluate the setting in which this complication developed, possible precipitating causes, the diagnostic aspects, as well as the course and treatment. It was hoped to ascertain the method in which this postoperative complication might best be anticipated, prevented, and treated. <h3>MATERIAL AND METHODS</h3> The electrocardiographic tracings obtained during the period from January, 1948, to December, 1951, were reviewed, and those showing unequivocal evidence of acute myocardial infarction due to coronary occlusion following major surgical procedures were selected. The clinical charts of the patients whose electrocardiograms had been selected were studied. In addition, a survey of the postmorten protocols for the same period was made, and the clinical charts of the patients who, at necropsy, showed recent myocardial infarction with coronary
Rationale and Benefit of Preoperative Irradiation in
Authors: Fernando G. Bloedorn
Journal: JAMA (1966)

If we were to summarize the experience of the treatment of cancer by means of either surgery or radiotherapy alone, we would say that surgery is efficient in controlling the accessible localized tumors, especially if they are histologically welldifferentiated; irradiation will control tumors of the radiosensitive type when a cancerocidal dose of irradiation can be delivered to the whole tumorbearing area without destroying the normal tissues. Both surgery and radiation are fraught with many failures in controlling advanced stages of cancer, even when there is a favorable set of circumstances. This is the basis for the need of combined therapies in the treatment of cancer. In determining a policy of treatment of cancer, there are two fundamental concepts to consider: (1) the natural history of the cancer and (2) the cancer-host relationship in each particular case. These two sets of circumstances will determine the local and systemic aggressivity of a
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Appears to Attenuate Particulate Air Pollution–Induced Cardiac Effects and Lipid Changes in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Haiyan Tong, Ana G. Rappold, David Diaz-Sanchez, Susan E. Steck, Jon Berntsen, Wayne E. Cascio, Robert B. Devlin, James M. Samet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Air pollution exposure has been associated with adverse cardiovascular health effects. Findings of a recent epidemiological study suggested that omega-3 fatty acid (fish oil) supplementation blunted cardiac responses to air pollution exposure.We conducted a randomized, controlled exposure study to evaluate the efficacy of fish oil supplements in attenuating adverse cardiac effects of exposure to concentrated ambient fine and ultrafine particulate matter (CAP).Twenty-nine healthy middle-aged participants (mean, 58 ± 1 years of age) were supplemented in a randomized, double-blinded manner with 3 g/day of either fish oil or olive oil for 4 weeks before sequential chamber exposure to filtered air and CAP (mean mass concentration 278 ± 19 µg/m3) for 2 hr. Cardiac responses were assessed by comparing time and frequency domain changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and electrocardiographic repolarization changes measured before, immediately after, and 20 hr after exposure. Changes in plasma lipids were also evaluated at these time points.Fish oil supplementation appeared to attenuate CAP-induced reductions in high-frequency/low-frequency ratio, as well as elevations in normalized low-frequency HRV and prolongation of the QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc). Very low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride concentrations increased significantly immediately after exposure to CAP in participants supplemented with olive oil, but not in those supplemented with fish oil.Exposure of healthy middle-aged adults to CAP for 2 hr induced acute cardiac and lipid changes after supplementation with olive oil, but not fish oil. Our findings suggest that omega-3 fatty acid supplements offer protection against the adverse cardiac and lipid effects associated with air pollution exposure.
DEPOSITS OF EOSINOPHIL GRANULE PROTEINS IN CARDIAC TISSUES OF PATIENTS WITH EOSINOPHILIC ENDOMYOCARDIAL DISEASE
Authors: Po-Chun Tai, ChristopherJ.F Spry, EckhardtG.J Olsen, StevenJ Ackerman, Sandra Dunnette, GeraldJ Gleich
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Recent advances: Medical ethics
Authors: P. A Singer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Recent advances in medical ethics? This may sound odd if your vision of medical ethics is the application to medicine of the Hippocratic oath. If, however, you believe that the goal of medical ethics is to improve the quality of patient care by identifying, analysing, and attempting to resolve the ethical problems that arise in the practice of clinical medicine,1 the concept of “recent advances” won't come as such a shock. In this article I review advances in medical ethics in five areas—end of life care, medical error, priority setting, biotechnology, and medical ethics education—and anticipate two future issues, “eHealth” and global bioethics.
Influence of proband’s characteristics on the risk for venous thromboembolism in relatives with factor V Leiden or prothrombin G20210A polymorphisms
Authors: Paolo Bucciarelli, Valerio De Stefano, Serena M. Passamonti, Daniela Tormene, Cristina Legnani, Elena Rossi, Giancarlo Castaman, Paolo Simioni, Michela Cini, Ida Martinelli
Journal: Blood (2013)
Language, tools, and brain revisited
Authors: Patricia M. Greenfield
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The target article presented a model to stimulate further research and ultimately, a more definitive theory of the ontogeny and phylogeny of hierarchically organized sequential activity. Methodologically, it was intended to stimulate methods for integrating data from different neuropsychological techniques. This response to Givon and Swann focuses on several substantive areas: (1) the role of automaticity in hierarchically organized activity and its neural substrate, (2) the neural ontogeny of planning, (3) cognitive and neural architecture for language functions, and (4) the role of environmental input and interaction in the ontogeny and phylogeny of language, tools, and brain.
An Arf-like Small G Protein, ARL-8, Promotes the Axonal Transport of Presynaptic Cargoes by Suppressing Vesicle Aggregation
Authors: Matthew P. Klassen, Ye E. Wu, Celine I. Maeder, Isei Nakae, Juan G. Cueva, Emily K. Lehrman, Minoru Tada, Keiko Gengyo-Ando, George J. Wang, Miriam Goodman, Shohei Mitani, Kenji Kontani, Toshiaki Katada, Kang Shen
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Wound Infection and Ward Design
Authors: I. G. Schraibman
Journal: BMJ (1971)

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the statistical parametric mapping (SPM) procedure for fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET imaging as a possible single-subject marker of progression to dementia in Parkinson disease (PD). <h3>Methods</h3> Fifty-four consecutive patients with PD without dementia (age at onset of 59.9 ± 10.1 years, disease duration of 5.3 ± 3.4 years) entered the study. The patients underwent an extensive motor and cognitive assessment and a single-subject FDG-PET SPM evaluation at baseline. A 4-year follow-up provided disease progression and dementia diagnosis. <h3>Results</h3> The FDG-PET SPM was evaluated by 2 expert raters allowing the identification of a “typical PD pattern” in 29 patients, whereas 25 patients presented with “atypical patterns,” namely, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB)-like (n = 12), Alzheimer disease (AD)-like (n = 6), corticobasal syndrome (CBS)-like (n = 5), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)-like (n = 2). At 4-year follow-up, 13 patients, all showing atypical brain metabolic patterns at baseline, progressed to dementia (PD dementia). The DLB- and AD-like SPM patterns were the best predictor for incident dementia (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.005, sensitivity 85%, specificity 88%), independently from demographics or cognitive baseline classification. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study suggests that FDG-PET SPM at the single-subject level might help in identifying patients with PD at risk of developing dementia.
Endoscopic treatment of postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas after bariatric surgery with the use of a fistula plug: report of five cases
Authors: E. Toussaint, P. Eisendrath, V. Kwan, S. Dugardeyn, J. Devière, O. Le Moine
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Anastomotic leaks frequently occur after bariatric surgery and their management includes different options. The present study describes the management of enterocutaneous fistulas in patients in whom surgical or endoscopic treatments have failed, by insertion of a biomaterial (Surgisis fistula plug) to facilitate healing of the gastrocutaneous fistula. Five patients with leaks after bariatric surgery were treated. All patients had undergone previous failed surgical or endoscopic attempt(s) at closure. Our technique entailed insertion of the Surgisis fistula plug into the fistula tract by a "rendezvous" procedure, via both percutaneous and endoscopic routes. The data were collected retrospectively. Initially, two patients were treated by fistula plug alone and three received fistula plug plus a self-expanding stent. In two patients, cutaneous fistula outflow ceased within a few days. The other three patients required one additional endoscopic procedure. At the end we observed healed leaks in four of the five patients (80 %). The median follow-up duration was 18 months. In conclusion, the combined therapy consisting of fistula plug implantation with optional stenting helps closure in these difficult refractory cases of gastrocutaneous fistula.
Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Bladder Cancer Growth and Tumorigenicity
Authors: Dennis Liang Fei, Avencia Sanchez-Mejias, Zhiqiang Wang, Colin Flaveny, Jun Long, Samer Singh, Jezabel Rodriguez-Blanco, Robert Tokhunts, Camilla Giambelli, Karoline J. Briegel, Wolfgang A. Schulz, A. Jay Gandolfi, Margaret Karagas, Teresa A. Zimmers, Merce Jorda, Pablo Bejarano, Anthony J. Capobianco, David J. Robbins
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

The role of Hedgehog (HH) signaling in bladder cancer remains controversial. The gene encoding the HH receptor and negative regulator PATCHED1 (PTCH1) resides on a region of chromosome 9q, one copy of which is frequently lost in bladder cancer. Inconsistent with PTCH1 functioning as a classic tumor suppressor gene, loss-of-function mutations in the remaining copy of PTCH1 are not commonly found. Here, we provide direct evidence for a critical role of HH signaling in bladder carcinogenesis. We show that transformed human urothelial cells and many urothelial carcinoma cell lines exhibit constitutive HH signaling, which is required for their growth and tumorigenic properties. Surprisingly, rather than originating from loss of PTCH1, the constitutive HH activity observed in urothelial carcinoma cell lines was HH ligand dependent. Consistent with this finding, increased levels of HH and the HH target gene product GLI1 were found in resected human primary bladder tumors. Furthermore, on the basis of the difference in intrinsic HH dependence of urothelial carcinoma cell lines, a gene expression signature was identified that correlated with bladder cancer progression. Our findings therefore indicate that therapeutic targeting of the HH signaling pathway may be beneficial in the clinical management of bladder cancer.
Transforming growth factor-β–induced protein (TGFBIp/β ig-h3) activates platelets and promotes thrombogenesis
Authors: Ha-Jeong Kim, Pan-Kyung Kim, Sang Mun Bae, Hye-Nam Son, Debraj Singh Thoudam, Jung-Eun Kim, Byung-Heon Lee, Rang-Woon Park, In-San Kim
Journal: Blood (2009)
Characteristics of pyrexia in BRAFV600E/K metastatic melanoma patients treated with combined dabrafenib and trametinib in a phase I/II clinical trial
Authors: A.M. Menzies, M.T. Ashworth, S. Swann, R.F. Kefford, K. Flaherty, J. Weber, J.R. Infante, K.B. Kim, R. Gonzalez, O. Hamid, L. Schuchter, J. Cebon, J.A. Sosman, S. Little, P. Sun, G. Aktan, D. Ouellet, F. Jin, G.V. Long, A. Daud
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The trees are not the forest, and monogamy is certainly not a kind of wood
Authors: Shashi Kiran
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

The target article, which is part of a larger study, the International Sexuality Description Project (ISDP), seeks to explore cross-culturally aspects of human mating behavior on a global scale. However the nonrepresentation of large cultures restricts the depth of this study. The inferences drawn from such a sample must therefore remain limited despite the impressive sample sizes. In a larger context it raises thoughts on how partial disclosures may misrepresent the design of the larger study.
Adoption and non-adoption of a shared electronic summary record in England: a mixed-method case study
Authors: T. Greenhalgh, K. Stramer, T. Bratan, E. Byrne, J. Russell, H. W. W. Potts
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate a national programme to develop and implement centrally stored electronic summaries of patients’ medical records. <b>Design</b> Mixed-method, multilevel case study. <b>Setting</b> English National Health Service 2007-10. The summary care record (SCR) was introduced as part of the National Programme for Information Technology. This evaluation of the SCR considered it in the context of national policy and its frontline implementation and use in three districts. <b>Participants and methods</b> Quantitative data (cumulative records created nationally plus a dataset of 416 325 encounters in participating primary care out-of-hours and walk-in centres) were analysed statistically. Qualitative data (140 interviews including policy makers, managers, clinicians, and software suppliers; 2000 pages of ethnographic field notes including observation of 214 clinical consultations; and 3000 pages of documents) were analysed thematically and interpretively. <b>Results</b> Creating individual SCRs and supporting their adoption and use was a complex, technically challenging, and labour intensive process that occurred more slowly than planned. By early 2010, 1.5 million such records had been created. In participating primary care out-of-hours and walk-in centres, an SCR was accessed in 4% of all encounters and in 21% of encounters where one was available; these figures were rising in some but not all sites. The main determinant of SCR access was the identity of the clinician: individual clinicians accessed available SCRs between 0 and 84% of the time. When accessed, an SCR seemed to support better quality care and increase clinician confidence in some encounters. There was no direct evidence of improved safety, but findings were consistent with a rare but important positive impact on preventing medication errors. SCRs sometimes contained incomplete or inaccurate data, but clinicians drew judiciously on these data along with other sources. SCR use was not associated with shorter consultations or reduction in onward referral. Successful introduction of SCRs depended on interaction between multiple stakeholders from different worlds (clinical, political, technical, commercial) with different values, priorities, and ways of working. The programme’s fortunes seemed to turn on the ability of change agents to bridge these different institutional worlds, align their conflicting logics, and mobilise implementation effort. <b>Conclusions</b> Benefits of centrally stored electronic summary records seem more subtle and contingent than many stakeholders anticipated, and clinicians may not access them. Complex interdependencies, inherent tensions, and high implementation workload should be expected when they are introduced on a national scale.
National Health Insurance: Proceedings of the Conference on National Health Insurance
Authors: Robert J. Walsh
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This book documents the proceedings of the Conference on National Health Insurance, sponsored by the Leonard Davis Institute at the University of Pennsylvania, in November 1970. It presents a timely and diversified discussion of the principal factors that should be weighed when considering any national health insurance program. Authors from the disciplines of medicine and economics presented four separate papers analyzing the impact of different proposals—Griffiths, Rockefeller, Aetna, Javits, AMA, Committee for National Health Insurance, Kennedy, and Feldstein—with respect to the consumer, financing, providers and delivery systems, and costs. These papers, the main component of the book, are complemented by invited discussion papers that afford the reader the opportunity to survey opinions diverging from those of the authors. Of numerous topics discussed, one opinion continually recurred: that the country should continue with a pluralistic approach to health care delivery and not legislate a monolithic nationalized health system at this time,
Content of Collagen, Elastin, and Water in Walls of the Internal Saphenous Vein in Man
Authors: Jiří Švejcar, Ivo Přerovský, Jiří Linhart, Jiří Kruml
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

Chemical analysis of the collagen, elastin, and water content of various segments of the internal saphenous vein in the human has been carried out. Normal values were obtained to give a basis for comparison with pathological material from varicosities. The following observations were made: (1) The ratio of connective tissue elements in the internal saphenous vein (ISV) is the reverse of that in the aortic wall; the ISV contains more collagen than elastin. (2) The total scatter of elastin and collagen values in the venous wall is large, mainly due to interindividual differences. No particular dependence on age was observed in the ambulant group. (3) Analysis of neighboring samples of vein in a given individual showed little variation. (4) There was a consistent difference in venous composition in a given individual between the superior segment at the insertion of the ISV into the femoral vein and the inferior segment at the level of the ankle. There was more collagen and elastin superiorly, and more muscle inferiorly. This corresponded to histological analysis showing a thicker layer of circular muscle in the media of the inferior segment. (5) The same differences in elastin content were found in infants who had not yet begun to walk; however, the infant group showed no superior-inferior differences in collagen and muscle composition of the venous wall. It is suggested that this latter difference is a function of upright posture and bipedal locomotion, and the attendant gradient of hydrostatic pressure.
753. Ectopic Bone Formation In Vivo Induced by Sonoporation: Ultrasound-Based Non Viral Gene Delivery System
Authors: Dima Sheyn, Gadi Pelled, Yoram Zilberman, Zulma Gazit, Dan Gazit
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

INTRODUCTION: One of the major obstacles to be addressed by gene therapy approaches in regenerative medicine remains the attainment of an efficient and safe method of gene delivery. The objective of this study was to develop ultrasound-based gene delivery system, called sonoporation, in order to achieve effective gene transfer in vivo and, consequently, bone formation. We hypothesized that direct in vivo sonoporation of naked DNA encoding an osteogenic gene (BMP-9) would induce bone formation.
Abnormal AP-1 protein expression in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas
Authors: X. Mao, G. Orchard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) consists mainly of primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL), primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma (PCFCL) and primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCLBCL-LT). The activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor includes JUN, FOS and other family members.To assess the expression pattern of AP-1 transcription factors in PCBCL.We analysed paraffin tissue sections from nine cases of PCMZL, seven PCFCL, six PCLBCL-LT and two unspecified PCBCL cases by using immunohistochemistry with antibodies against c-JUN, JUNB, JUND, c-FOS, RAF1, alphaPAK, CD30 and CCND1.A positive staining for JUND (++) was observed in six cases of PCFCL (86%), five PCLBCL-LT (83%) and five PCMZL (56%). Positive CCND1 protein expression was present in four cases of PCLBCL-LT (67%), four PCFCL (57%) and four PCMZL (44%), and the two unspecified PCBCL cases. Expression of alphaPAK protein was seen in three cases of PCLBCL-LT (50%), two PCMZL (22%) and one PCFCL. However, c-JUN, c-FOS and RAF1 protein were rarely expressed in the PCBCL cases analysed; JUNB and CD30 protein expression was absent in these cases.These findings suggest that the presence of abnormal AP-1 protein expression is associated with upregulation of JUND, CCND1 and alphaPAK and downregulation of JUNB in PCBCL.
Focus on Keratotomy Results
Authors: George O. Waring
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his recent letter toThe Journal, Dr Bores<sup>1</sup>complains of "unwarranted criticism" of the use of radial keratotomy for treatment of myopia. His letter contains some basic flaws. The most obvious flaw is the kind of references he uses to support his contentions: many are verbal reports not published in the peer-reviewed periodical literature. This is one of the problems that has plagued radial keratotomy since the late 1970s—anecdotal information has often been mistaken for scientific evidence. For example, Dr Bores cites a review of "63 000 cases of radial keratotomy" that "showed the overall incidence of serious complications to be 0.03%." He does not mention that the source of this information is an informal, voluntary registry, a format that precludes computation of any reasonable incidence figures. He criticizes the conclusion of the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study—that radial keratotomy is generally unpredictable—apparently
Paradoxical Increase in Microvascular Resistance During Tachycardia Downstream From a Severe Stenosis in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gianmario Sambuceti, Mario Marzilli, Silvio Fedele, Cecilia Marini, Antonio L’Abbate
Journal: Circulation (2001)

The pathophysiology of microvascular response to a severe coronary stenosis has not been conclusively identified. The aim of this study was to characterize the human vasomotor response to pacing-induced ischemia of both the stenotic arterial segment and the distal microcirculation.Sixteen patients with stable angina and single-vessel disease were studied. Blood flow velocity and transstenotic pressure gradient were monitored at baseline, after intracoronary adenosine (2 mg), and during ischemia induced by atrial pacing with and without adenosine. At the end of this protocol, the study was repeated after intracoronary phentolamine in 7 patients and after angioplasty in 9. Stenosis resistance was calculated as the ratio between mean pressure gradient and mean flow, and microvascular resistance as the ratio between mean distal pressure and mean flow; values were expressed as percent of baseline. Adenosine decreased (P<0.05) baseline microvascular resistance to 52+/-17%, but not stenosis resistance. Pacing increased both stenosis and microvascular resistances (244+/-96% and 164+/-60% of baseline, respectively, P<0.05). Addition of adenosine to pacing decreased both stenosis (143+/-96% of baseline, P<0.05 versus ischemia) and microvascular (51+/-17% of baseline, P<0.05 versus baseline and ischemia) resistances. Phentolamine did not affect coronary resistance at any step of the protocol. Angioplasty and stenting restored a progressive decline in microvascular resistance during pacing (51+/-19% of baseline, P<0.05 versus baseline).In patients with coronary artery disease, tachycardia-induced ischemia was associated with elevated resistance of both the stenotic segment and the microvasculature. Revascularization prevents this paradoxical behavior.