tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing small bowel Crohn's disease with wireless capsule endoscopy
Authors: Z Fireman
Journal: Gut (2003)

The small bowel is the most commonly affected site of Crohn's disease (CD) although it may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. The current methodologies for examining the small bowel are x ray and endoscopy.To evaluate, for the first time, the effectiveness of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with suspected CD of the small bowel undetected by conventional modalities, and to determine the diagnostic yield of the M2A Given Capsule.Seventeen patients (eight males, mean age 40 (15) years) with suspected CD fulfilled study entry criteria: nine had iron deficiency anaemia (mean haemoglobin 10.5 (SD 1.8) g%), eight had abdominal pain, seven had diarrhoea, and three had weight loss. Small bowel x ray and upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopic findings were normal. Mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 6.3 (SD 2.2) years.Each subject swallowed an M2A Given Capsule containing a miniature video camera, batteries, a transmitter, and an antenna. Recording time was approximately eight hours. The capsule was excreted naturally in the patient's bowel movement, and the data it contained were retrieved and interpreted the next day.Of the 17 study participants, 12 (70.6%, six males, mean age 34.5 (12) years) were diagnosed as having CD of the small bowel according to the findings of the M2A Given Capsule.Wireless capsule endoscopy diagnosed CD of the small bowel (diagnostic yield of 71%). It was demonstrated as being an effective modality for diagnosing patients with suspected CD undetected by conventional diagnostic methodologies.
Hormonal Potentiation of Imipramine and ECT in Primary Depression
Authors: JOHN P. FEIGHNER, LUCY J. KING, MARC A. SCHUCKIT, JACK CROUGHAN, WILLIAM BRISCOE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

A double-blind, controlled study with frequent rating of symptoms, using a homogeneous population of 49 patients with primary depression, was conducted to measure the possible enhancement of imipramine's antidepressant activity by T3 and dexamethasone and the possible enhancement of the antidepressant activity of ECT by dexamethasone. The results of this study, which are clearly negative, raise serious questions as to the efficacy of these hormones in enhancing the antidepressant activity of imipramine and ECT.
The time has come to limit the placebo period in rheumatoid arthritis trials to 3 months: a systematic comparison of 3- and 6-month response rates in trials of biological agents
Authors: M Boers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Background: Most registration trials in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include a placebo arm in the setting of an incomplete response to disease-modifying antirheumatic treatment (DMARD-IR). A minimum duration of 6 months is required despite serious methodological and ethical shortcomings. Objective: To study whether a 3-month placebo period is sufficient to prove efficacy. Methods: Meta-analysis of placebo- or active control trials of biological agents in DMARD-IR RA, comparing the contrast in ACR response between experimental and control groups at 3 and 6 months. Results: Twenty trials yielded 15 placebo and 18 active control contrasts (&gt;10 000 patients). At 3 months active treatment showed a highly significant contrast with placebo for ACR20 and ACR50 in every instance. As all groups improved further the mean contrast at 6 months was unchanged. For ACR70 the contrast was clearly greater at 6 months owing to further improvement only in the experimental groups. In active control trials contrasts were smaller, and for ACR50 and ACR70 these decreased somewhat owing to “catch-up” responses in the control groups. Conclusion: The placebo phase of registration trials for RA can be limited to 3 months. An accompanying viewpoint proposes that patients receiving placebo should then be switched to standard of care, allowing a more valid and comprehensive assessment, including safety.
Reply to: “Topical rapamycin combined with pulsed dye laser (PDL) in the treatment of capillary vascular malformations—Anatomical differences in response to PDL are relevant to interpretation of study results”
Authors: Laura Marqués, Jorge M Núñez-Córdoba, Leyre Aguado, Maider Pretel, Pablo Boixeda, Eduardo Nagore, Eulalia Baselga, Pedro Redondo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Effectiveness of once-weekly gym-based exercise programmes for older adults post discharge from day rehabilitation: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: A Foley, S Hillier, R Barnard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Objective To determine whether high-intensity, progressive gym-based exercise performed once a week is as effective as twice weekly for maintaining both subjective and objective outcomes in older adults post discharge from a metropolitan day rehabilitation centre (DRC). Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Community-based exercise centre for older adults, located in Metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. Participants 21 men and 85 women who completed the DRC programme were assessed and randomly allocated to a study group. Intervention The two experimental interventions were gym-based exercise programmes (including resistance, aerobic, flexibility and balance training) varying only in frequency of delivery: either once or twice a week, directly compared with usual care (control). Main outcome measures Lower limb strength (one-repetition maximum), balance (Berg Balance Scale), physical function (gait speed, 30-s chair stand test, timed up and go test (primary outcome) and 6-min walk test), self-reported pain (Glasgow Pain Questionnaire), activities of daily living (Barthel Index and Older Americans Resources and Services Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire), perceived benefits of and barriers to exercise (Exercise Benefits Barriers Scale), quality of life (Assessment of Quality of Life Questionnaire) and exercise frequency preference. Results Most of the outcomes (69%, 11/16) were maintained over the intervention period with no significant group effects detected between the two intervention groups or compared to the control group. Physical activity levels recorded in the control group showed a significant proportion of participants were actively exercising once weekly. A per-protocol analysis was undertaken to take this potential contamination effect into account. This showed that the control group participants, who did not exercise, did not maintain outcomes to the extent of the intervention groups, with significant group-by-time effects detected between the two intervention groups and the control group. Most of all participants (66%, 62/94) nominated once a week as their preferred exercise frequency. Conclusions The overall finding of no significant differences between the two intervention groups for all outcomes measured gives support to the effectiveness of once-a-week exercise in maintaining outcomes at 3 months post rehabilitation. Further research is warranted given the once-a-week exercise intervention should cost less, had higher compliance and was nominated as the preferred exercise frequency by most of the participants.
Effect of Gender on the Progression of Nondiabetic Renal Disease
Authors: JOEL NEUGARTEN, ANJALI ACHARYA, SHARON R. SILBIGER
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2000)

There is previously published evidence that male gender is associated with a more rapid rate of progression of nondiabetic chronic renal disease. However, some investigators have concluded that no such association exists. To help resolve this issue, a meta-analysis was performed using 68 studies that met defined criteria and contained a total of 11,345 patients to evaluate the effect of gender on the progression of nondiabetic chronic renal disease. The results indicate that men with chronic renal disease of various etiologies show a more rapid decline in renal function with time than do women.
Diffusely Infiltrative Low-Grade Gliomas in Adults
Authors: Frederick F. Lang, Mark R. Gilbert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Diffusely infiltrating low-grade gliomas (LGGs) include astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and mixed oligoastrocytomas (WHO grade 2). Due to the routine use of magnetic resonance imaging, there is an increasing need to formulate treatment guidelines for patients with LGGs. However, there is little consensus about the optimal treatment strategy for diffusely infiltrative LGGs, and the clinical management of LGGs is one of the most controversial areas in neurooncology. Although the standard of care has not been established, several randomized trials are beginning to provide some answers. Furthermore, laboratory correlative studies are defining subsets of LGG that may identify patients with better prognoses and increased chance of responding to therapy. This article reviews the most recent data regarding the treatment of LGG, emphasizing evidenced based approaches from current clinical trials.
Letter by Koh and Quon Regarding Article, “Evidence Mandating Earlier and More Aggressive Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia”
Authors: Kwang Kon Koh, Michael J. Quon
Journal: Circulation (2009)

To the Editor:Aggressive intervention to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with statins significantly reduces cardiovascular risk.Steinberg et al 1 posited that the results of the 5-year statin trials seriously underestimate the ultimate potential of cholesterollowering therapy, and they strongly recommended more aggressive use of lipid-lowering regimens.However, the safety of statins at high dosages, particularly with respect to cancer, is controversial. 2 The Simvastatin and Ezetimibe in Aortic Stenosis (SEAS) study reports fewer patients with ischemic cardiovascular events but higher incidence of cancer in the simvastatin-ezetimibe treatment group, with mean age 67.7 years (mean serum LDL-C decreased from 140 to 53 mg/dL for 5 years). 3This is consistent with epidemiological studies associating low cholesterol levels with a higher incidence of cancer.Indeed, increased cancer deaths may offset lower cardiac mortality associated with reduced cholesterol. 2Statin use per se is not associated with increased risk of cancer. 4Inverse associations exist between cancer incidence and LDL-C levels (not percent or absolute LDL-C reduction). 2 Achieving LDL-C targets using statins alone may not be as beneficial as attaining these levels by other means.It may be prudent to reduce LDL-C levels to Ϸ70 mg/dL with statins alone only in patients with very high cardiovascular risk.In light of the pleiotropic effects of statins, combination therapy may be an important consideration for a majority of patients. 5verall mortality rates are determined by more than a single biomarker.In addition, the mechanisms by which a biomarker is altered may contribute importantly to the clinical outcome.
Differentiating treatment-induced necrosis from recurrent/progressive brain tumor using nonmodel-based semiquantitative indices derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR perfusion
Authors: J. Narang, R. Jain, A. S. Arbab, T. Mikkelsen, L. Scarpace, M. L. Rosenblum, D. Hearshen, A. Babajani-Feremi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2011)

Differentiating treatment-induced necrosis (TIN) from recurrent/progressive tumor (RPT) in brain tumor patients using conventional morphologic imaging features is a very challenging task. Functional imaging techniques also offer moderate success due to the complexity of the tissue microenvironment and the inherent limitation of the various modalities and techniques. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the utility of nonmodel-based semiquantitative indices derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR perfusion (DCET1MRP) in differentiating TIN from RPT. Twenty-nine patients with previously treated brain tumors who showed recurrent or progressive enhancing lesion on follow-up MRI underwent DCET1MRP. Another 8 patients with treatment-naive high-grade gliomas who also underwent DCET1MRP were included as the control group. Semiquantitative indices derived from DCET1MRP included maximum slope of enhancement in initial vascular phase (MSIVP), normalized MSIVP (nMSIVP), normalized slope of delayed equilibrium phase (nSDEP), and initial area under the time-intensity curve (IAUC) at 60 and 120 s (IAUC60 and IAUC120) obtained from the enhancement curve. There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P < .01), with the RPT group showing higher MSIVP (15.78 vs 8.06), nMSIVP (0.046 vs 0.028), nIAUC60 (33.07 vs 6.44), and nIAUC120 (80.14 vs 65.55) compared with the TIN group. nSDEP was significantly lower in the RPT group (7.20 × 10−5 vs 15.35 × 10−5) compared with the TIN group. Analysis of the receiver-operating-characteristic curve showed nMSIVP to be the best single predictor of RPT, with very high (95%) sensitivity and high (78%) specificity. Thus, nonmodel-based semiquantitative indices derived from DCET1MRP that are relatively easy to derive and do not require a complex model-based approach may aid in differentiating RPT from TIN and can be used as robust noninvasive imaging biomarkers.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Human Kallikrein-2 Gene Highly Correlates With Serum Human Kallikrein-2 Levels and in Combination Enhances Prostate Cancer Detection
Authors: Robert K. Nam, William W. Zhang, John Trachtenberg, Eleftherios Diamandis, Ants Toi, Marjan Emami, Minnie Ho, Joan Sweet, Andrew Evans, Michael A.S. Jewett, Steven A. Narod
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

We examined the relationship between a mutant (T) for wild-type (C) allele substitution of the human kallikrein-2 gene (KLK2), circulating human kallikrein-2 (hK2) levels and prostate cancer risk.We studied 1,287 consecutive men who underwent prostate biopsies because of an abnormal prostate-specific antigen level. Serum and DNA were obtained before biopsy. Cases were patients with cancer, and controls were patients with no cancer. The mutant and wild-type alleles of the KLK2 gene were designated as the T and C alleles, respectively.Of the 1,287 men, 616 had cancer, and 671 had no cancer. The overall distribution of the CC, CT, and TT KLK2 genotypes was 55.1%, 38.2%, and 6.8%, respectively. The median hK2 levels for men with the CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 0.24, 0.18, and 0.062 ng/mL and correlated with the genotypes, respectively (P =.0001). The adjusted odds ratios for prostate cancer for patients with the TT and CT genotypes compared with patients with the CC genotype, were 2.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 3.5; P =.004) and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.0; P =.002), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio for prostate cancer for patients in the fourth quartile of hK2 compared with the first quartile was 4.33 (95% CI, 2.9 to 6.4; P =.0001). When combined, the adjusted odds ratio for having prostate cancer was 13.92 (95% CI, 6.6 to 29.2; P =.0001) for patients with high hK2 levels and at least one T allele.The C/T polymorphism of the KLK2 gene and circulating levels of hK2 are correlated and, in combination, are highly predictive for prostate cancer.
Ischaemic preconditioning lowers hepatic GSH and activates p38 and NFkappaB to promote cell cycle entry via cyclin D1: mechanism of protection against ischemia reperfusion injury in Micea brief period of hepatic ischaemia and reperfusion (preconditioning)
Authors: Narci Teoh, Aileen dela Pena, Geoff Farrell
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
A Ca channel blocker, benidipine, increases coronary blood flow and attenuates the severity of myocardial ischemia via NO-dependent mechanisms in dogs
Authors: Masafumi Kitakaze, Koichi Node, Tetsuo Minamino, Hiroshi Asanuma, Tsunehiko Kuzuya, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Joint destruction in early rheumatoid arthritis over 8 years is similar in women and men despite apparently higher disease activity and poorer function in women
Authors: Ingiäld Hafström, Valentina Bala, Kristina Albertsson, Kristina Forslind, Björn Svensson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Recently, we have reported from the BARFOT early (duration <1 year) rheumatoid arthritis study that over the first 5 years women had, compared with men, a similar degree of joint destruction despite a higher Disease Activity Score calculated on 28 joints (DAS28) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ).1 However, a recent study of another rheumatoid arthritis cohort demonstrated that female gender was an independent predictor of radiographic progression over 10 years.2 3 A possible explanation for this discrepancy may be the different length of follow-up. Therefore, we have extended our study to a follow-up time of 8 years.

In all, 416 of the initial 549 patients were assessed. Of these 64.7% were women, of whom 54.4% were anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody positive and 58.2% were rheumatoid factor positive …
The combination of IDH1 mutations and MGMT methylation status predicts survival in glioblastoma better than either IDH1 or MGMT alone
Authors: Remco J. Molenaar, Dagmar Verbaan, Simona Lamba, Carlo Zanon, Judith W.M. Jeuken, Sandra H.E. Boots-Sprenger, Pieter Wesseling, Theo J.M. Hulsebos, Dirk Troost, Angela A. van Tilborg, Sieger Leenstra, W. Peter Vandertop, Alberto Bardelli, Cornelis J.F. van Noorden, Fonnet E. Bleeker
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BackgroundGenetic and epigenetic profiling of glioblastomas has provided a comprehensive list of altered cancer genes of which only O6-methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation is used thus far as a predictive marker in a clinical setting. We investigated the prognostic significance of genetic and epigenetic alterations in glioblastoma patients.
Carboxylic ionophores enhance the cytotoxic potency of ligand- and antibody-delivered ricin A chain.
Authors: V Raso, J Lawrence
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

The highly selective cytotoxicity of site-directed ricin A chain conjugates can be potentiated by membrane-active carboxylic ionophores. The combined use of the two agents results in much faster inactivation of ribosomes and subsequent cell death and lysis. The potency of A chain cytotoxins is correspondingly increased by several orders of magnitude and cells that sparsely express the target antigen or receptor can be killed.
The HNF1B score is a simple tool to select patients for HNF1B gene analysis
Authors: Stanislas Faguer, Nicolas Chassaing, Flavio Bandin, Cathie Prouheze, Arnaud Garnier, Audrey Casemayou, Antoine Huart, Joost P. Schanstra, Patrick Calvas, Stéphane Decramer, Dominique Chauveau
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Risk of malignant neoplasms in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Authors: N Seersholm, J Vestbo, K Viskum
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: For over 20 years the association between sarcoidosis and malignancy, particularly lymphoma and lung cancer, has been disputed with misclassification being the major concern. The aim of the present study was to analyse the incidence of malignancies in a cohort of patients with sarcoidosis by linkage to a nationwide population based cancer register. METHODS: The cohort comprised 254 patients followed for a median of 25 years until death, emigration, or 31 December 1992, whichever came first. The expected number of cancer cases was calculated using the annual age and sex specific cancer rates from the Danish Cancer Registry. RESULTS: Thirty six cancers were registered, three of which were misclassified as sarcoidosis, leaving 33 cancers compared with 23 expected (standardised incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.4; 95% CI 0.99 to 2.0). Five lung cancers were observed compared with 2.5 expected, yielding an SIR of 2.0 (95% CI 0.7 to 4.7). There was no incidence of lymphoma and only one case of leukaemia. There was a significant excess number of pharyngeal cancers based on two cases (SIR = 15.4; 95% CI 1.7 to 56). CONCLUSIONS: This study does not support the theory of an association between sarcoidosis and malignancy, and the main reason other studies have shown such an association is most likely to have been due to selection bias and misclassification.
P188 Impact of ward based chest ultrasound on the radiology department
Authors: H. Lockman, N. J. Withers
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The ability for chest physicians to perform chest ultrasound is on the increase since the NPSA report concerning chest drain insertion and the BTS Pleural guidelines 2010. Our respiratory department received a portable ultrasound device (Sonosite 180 Plus) in April 2010 and by August 2010 we had 3 physicians who have achieved level 1 thoracic ultrasound skill (1 Chest Consultant, 2 Specialist Registrars—1 Respiratory, 1 Acute Medicine). We were keen to see what kind impact this has made on the chest ultrasound requests on the radiology department. <h3>Methods</h3> Data collected comparing 2 periods. Dataset 1: Nov 2009–Jan 2010 and Dataset 2: Nov 2010–Jan 2011. Information was gathered via the Webpacs system (GE Medical System: Centricity® Enterprise Web) and the CRIS—Clinical Radiology Information System (Healthcare software system). Only adult (=16 years) inpatient request were included. <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Summary</h3> Having physicians with skills to perform chest ultrasound by the bedside has reduced the burden on the radiology department and the response times to the scan all the patients has halved from 6 to 3 days. We hope this service can be further improved with more physicians attaining this skill.
Cocaine–Induced Liver Cell Injury: Comparison of Morphological Features in Man and in Experimental Models
Authors: Gary C. Kanel, William Cassidy, Louis Shuster, Telfer B. Reynolds
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Although investigative research of animal models in cocaine metabolism and associated liver cell injury has been fairly extensive during the past 10 yr, little evidence of hepatotoxicity has been documented in man. We report a case of fulminant hepatic failure and acute rhabdomyolysis resulting from cocaine use. Coagulative–type perivenular and midzonal necrosis and periportal microvesicular fatty change were the predominant morphological features throughout all lobules of the liver, in contrast to periportal necrosis described in the only previous case report with biopsy. Differences in zonal necrosis caused by the same drug are not typically seen in man experiencing direct or indirect intrinsic hepatotoxicity. However, experimental models have shown cocaine to have this ability, dependent on enzyme induction or inhibition, sex and dose. Therapeutic approaches for prevention of possible liver cell injury by cocaine toxicity are discussed.(HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11:646–651.)