tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhalation of dry-powder mannitol increases mucociliary clearance
Authors: E Daviskas, SD Anderson, JD Brannan, HK Chan, S Eberl, G Bautovich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Inhalation of hypertonic saline stimulates mucociliary clearance (MCC) in healthy subjects and those with obstructive lung disease. We investigated the effect of inhaling the osmotic agent mannitol on MCC. We used a dry-powder preparation of mannitol British Pharmacopea (BP) which was encapsulated and delivered using a Dinkihaler. MCC was measured for 75 min in six asthmatic and six healthy subjects on two occasions before and after the mannitol inhalation or its control, using 99mTc-sulphur colloid and a gamma camera. The inhaled dose of mannitol was 267+/-171 mg (mean+/-SD) and 400 mg and the percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 22+/-3 and 4+/-2% in the asthmatic and healthy subjects, respectively. The total clearance in the whole right lung for the 60 min from the start of inhalation of mannitol was greater by 263+/-11.9% in the asthmatic and 18.1+/-4.9% in the healthy subjects compared to the control. The total clearance over 75 min was 54.7+/-9.6% and 33.6+/-9.4% on the mannitol and control day (p&lt;0.002), respectively, in the asthmatic subjects and 40.5+/-7.1% and 24.8+/-7.8% (p&lt;0.002) in the healthy subjects. In conclusion, inhalation of dry-powder mannitol increases mucociliary clearance in asthmatic and healthy subjects and may benefit patients with abnormal mucociliary clearance.
Faecal calprotectin levels in a high risk population for colorectal neoplasia
Authors: O Kronborg
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Faecal concentrations of the protein calprotectin have been found to be elevated in patients with colorectal neoplasia, suggesting that it might be used as a screening tool for colorectal cancer as well as adenomas. <h3>AIMS</h3> To measure the sensitivity and specificity of faecal calprotectin for the detection of adenomas in high risk individuals undergoing colonoscopy. Also, to investigate between and within stool variability of calprotectin concentrations. <h3>SUBJECTS</h3> A total of 814 patients planned for colonoscopy were included for the following indications: positive faecal occult blood test, 25; neoplasia surveillance, 605; newly detected polyp, 130; and family risk, 54. <h3>METHODS</h3> Two faecal samples from each of two stools were analysed using the PhiCal ELISA test device (Nycomed Pharma AS). <h3>RESULTS</h3> Adenoma patients had significantly higher calprotectin levels than normal subjects (median 9.1 (95% confidence interval 7.5–10.1)<i>v</i> 6.6 (5.6–7.4)mg/l). There was no significant decrease in calprotectin levels after polypectomy. Levels in cancer patients were significantly higher than those in all other subgroups (median 17.6 mg/l (11.5–31.0)). With a cut off limit of 10 mg/l, the sensitivity for cancer was 74% and for adenoma 43%. Corresponding specificity values were 64% for no cancer and 67% for no neoplasia (cancer+adenoma). Specificity varied from 71% for one stool sample to 63% for four samples. Stool variability was small, suggesting that two spots from one stool were as discriminative as two spots from each of two stools. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The sensitivity and specificity of faecal calprotectin levels as a marker for colorectal adenoma and carcinoma justifies its use in high risk groups, but specificity is too low for screening of average risk persons. Lack of a decrease in levels after polypectomy may be due to a more widespread leucocyte migration into the intestinal lumen than that at the polyp site, and needs further investigation.
Chain breaking antioxidant status in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and laboratory correlates.
Authors: R D Situnayake, D I Thurnham, S Kootathep, S Chirico, J Lunec, M Davis, B McConkey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

The ability of fresh sera to resist attack by peroxyl radicals (TRAP) was found to be significantly lower in 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than in 20 healthy controls, consistent with the existence of a redox stress in RA imposed by inflammation. TRAP values in RA varied inversely with a combination of visual analogue pain scale, duration of early morning stiffness, grip strength, and articular index (reflecting inflammatory activity) using multiple linear regression analysis. The concentration of the antioxidant vitamin ascorbic acid was lower in RA plasma and the oxidation-reduction equilibrium of ascorbic acid was disturbed, giving further support to the existence of a redox stress. The major determinant of TRAP in vitro was found to be serum uric acid in RA and serum vitamin E in controls. Serum urate concentration in RA correlated inversely with oxidative changes in serum albumin and IgG. It is suggested that serum urate might have an antioxidant role under certain conditions by limiting free radical induced oxidative changes to protein during inflammation.
Deficient neuron-microglia signaling results in impaired functional brain connectivity and social behavior
Authors: Yang Zhan, Rosa C Paolicelli, Francesco Sforazzini, Laetitia Weinhard, Giulia Bolasco, Francesca Pagani, Alexei L Vyssotski, Angelo Bifone, Alessandro Gozzi, Davide Ragozzino, Cornelius T Gross
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
Repeatability of shortened and standard lung clearance index
Authors: Sophie Yammine, Simone Salzmann, Florian Singer, Carmen Casaulta, Philipp Latzin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background  Lung clearance index (LCI) is a sensitive marker for lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) but time-consuming in regular clinical setting. Shortened test protocols have yielded valid LCI compared to standard LCI in a cross-sectional study.   Objectives  To assess repeatability of shortened LCI (LCI short ) in comparison to standard LCI (LCI std ) in a longitudinal sample of children with CF.   Methods  In a clinical setting, 38 children with CF performed repeated nitrogen-multiple breath washout over 35 months. We assessed (i) mid-term (l 4 months) and (ii) long-term (g 6 months) repeatability in stable patients (FEV1 change l10%) and (iii) short-term treatment effect from IV antibiotics in 19 children. LCI short  was calculated at 5%, LCI std  at 2.5% of initial nitrogen. Primary outcomes were coefficient of variation (CV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of repeatability (CR), and mean change.   Results  Acceptable washouts were obtained in 175 visits of 37 children, mean (range) age 12.1 (5.7 – 17.2) years. Intra-test, mid- and long-term repeatability was similar for LCI short  and LCI std . Comparing LCI short  and LCI std , intra-test CV was 4.7% vs. 5.2%. (i) Mid-term CR (n=19) was 1.0 (15%) vs. 1.8 (18%). (ii) Long-term ICC (n=15) was 0.86 vs 0.89. (iii) Mean change following IV antibiotics was non-significant for both LCI short  (p=0.23) and LCI std  (p=0.41).   Conclusions  Standard and abbreviated LCI show good repeatability. Further investigations using interventional trials will show the clinical relevance of shortened LCI compared to other physiological parameters and as potential study endpoint.
Comparative Effectiveness of Fluphenazine Decanoate Injections Every 2 Weeks Versus Every 6 Weeks
Authors: William T. Carpenter, Jr., Robert W. Buchanan, Brian Kirkpatrick, Helen D. Lann, Alan F. Breier, Ann T. Summerfelt
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Dose reduction strategies for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia are designed to maintain the benefits of antipsychotic drug therapy while reducing risks. Previous strategies with decanoate preparations have been based on the use of lower doses per injection to achieve dose reduction; these strategies have achieved dose reduction but have resulted in some increase in symptoms. The authors tested a new dose reduction approach: increasing the interval between injections during intramuscular decanoate antipsychotic treatment. METHOD: Fifty outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomly assigned to receive 25 mg of fluphenazine decanoate intramuscularly either every 2 weeks or every 6 weeks for 54 weeks in a double-blind design. RESULTS: The two dose regimens did not differ significantly in relapse, symptom, or side effect measures. The every-6-weeks regimen was associated with a significant reduction in total antipsychotic exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The use of injections every 6 weeks instead of every 2 weeks may increase compliance and improve patients' comfort as well as decrease cumulative antipsychotic exposure, without increasing relapse rates or symptoms. (Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:412–418)
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE
Authors: Hugh O. McDevitt, Michael Sela
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Immunization of CBA and C57 mice with a branched, multichain synthetic polypeptide, poly (tyr,glu)-poly DL-ala--poly lys, ((T,G)-A--L), in Freund's complete adjuvant results in a tenfold or more difference in the antigen-binding capacity of sera from the two strains, although they respond equally to bovine serum albumin. Immunization of CBA x C57 F(1), F(1) x CBA, and F(1) x C57 mice reveals definite genetic control of the response to (T,G)-A--L, which appears to be due to a single major genetic factor, with perhaps one or more modifying factors. Immunization of CBA and C57 mice with (H,G)-A--L, a synthetic polypeptide in which histidine replaces tyrosine, gives the opposite result, CBA's respond and C57's do not. From this, it appears that the genetic control of the response to (T,G)-A--L is specific for the antigenic determinant. The implications of these results are discussed.
Prevalence of the antiphospholipid syndrome in primary systemic vasculitis
Authors: J D Rees
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

The antiphospholipid (APS or Hughes') syndrome, anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), and the lupus anticoagulant (LA) are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, malignancy, infection, and drugs. It has been described in patients with primary systemic vasculitis (PSV).To determine the prevalence of APS in patients with PSV attending a vasculitis clinic and the prevalence of patients with positive aCL and/or the LA who do not fulfil the classification criteria for APS.All case notes of patients attending the vasculitis clinic over a 12 month period were reviewed. Outpatients and inpatients were both included and were assessed for features of the APS and presence of aPL. Patients with positive aCL or LA tests were classified according to the significance of these results.Of 144 patients with PSV, 25 had positive aCL or LA on at least one occasion, representing a point prevalence of 17%. Of these, nine had definite APS (classified by the Sapporo criteria) and a further four patients had clinical and serological features of APS, although insufficient to satisfy the Sapporo criteria. Twelve had only positive aPL.The antiphospholipid syndrome, aCL, and the LA may occur in association with PSV.
Medication use by athletes during the Athens 2004 Paralympic Games
Authors: C Tsitsimpikou, A Jamurtas, K Fitch, P Papalexis, K Tsarouhas
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

To examine the use of food supplements and pharmaceutical preparations by elite Paralympic athletes.Survey study.Athens 2004 Paralympic Games.Data obtained from two sources: (i) athletes' declaration of intake of drugs/supplements recorded on the Doping Control Official Record during sample collection for doping control; (ii) athletes' application forms for granting of a therapeutic use exemption.Classification of declared food supplements according to the active ingredient and medications according to therapeutic actions and active compounds.64.2% of the athletes tested for doping control declared use of medications or food supplements, and 81.3% of these athletes declared intake of fewer than four preparations. Non-invasive routes of administration dominated. Food supplements (42.1%) were popular, and drugs used to treat several pathological conditions noted. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and analgesics were commonly used (9.8% and 5.6%, respectively). The prevalence of inhaled beta2-agonist use (4.8%) was higher than expected and exceeded that at the Athens Olympic Games.This review, the first to examine elite Paralympic athletes, shows a more rational approach to the use of medication and food supplements, but a similar consumption pattern to that of athletes at the Athens Olympic Games. Because of the dearth of such studies, consumption trends among Paralympic athletes remain unclear. The need to counsel athletes with disabilities on their nutritional needs is confirmed, and close monitoring by healthcare professionals is recommended.
The Robot Has No Role in Elective Colon Surgery
Authors: James Yoo
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Preclinical in vivo evaluation of pseudotyped adeno-associated virus vectors for liver gene therapy
Authors: Dirk Grimm, Shangzhen Zhou, Hiroyuki Nakai, Clare E. Thomas, Theresa A. Storm, Sally Fuess, Takashi Matsushita, James Allen, Richard Surosky, Michael Lochrie, Leonard Meuse, Alan McClelland, Peter Colosi, Mark A. Kay
Journal: Blood (2003)
Changes in Serum Adiponectin Concentrations Correlate With Changes in BMI, Waist Circumference, and Estimated Visceral Fat Area in Middle-Aged General Population
Authors: Yukiyoshi Okauchi, Ken Kishida, Tohru Funahashi, Midori Noguchi, Tomoko Ogawa, Miwa Ryo, Kohei Okita, Hiromi Iwahashi, Akihisa Imagawa, Tadashi Nakamura, Yuji Matsuzawa, Iichiro Shimomura
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Adiponectin was identified as an adipocytokine in the human adipose tissue cDNA library. It has antiatherosclerotic and antidiabetic properties in experimental studies, and its blood levels are low in obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. Several studies have reported that weight reduction in massively obese subjects is associated with a rise in serum adiponectin (APN) concentration (1–3). However, the relationship between changes in APN and BMI, waist circumference (WC), and visceral fat accumulation (VFA) in general population has not been reported. The present study investigated 1-year change in APN (ΔAPN) in relation to changes in BMI (ΔBMI), WC …
Occupational carprofen photoallergic contact dermatitis
Authors: A.C. Kerr, F. Muller, J. Ferguson, R.S. Dawe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug carprofen was used in humans in the 1980s, before its withdrawal due to adverse effects. It re-emerged for veterinary uses, for which it is still widely prescribed, in the 1990s. There has been one previous report published of photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) in a pharmaceutical factory worker exposed to carprofen.Investigation of carprofen as a cause of PACD in pharmaceutical factory workers presenting with facial dermatitis.Photopatch testing to carprofen dilutions in two pharmaceutical factory workers and three healthy volunteer controls using the European consensus methodology. This was followed by testing of eight further employees, referred by occupational health services, in the same factory.The index patient suspected a problem with carprofen and was found to have PACD to carprofen. The second patient presented with a widespread, although especially photoexposed site, dermatitis and was initially labelled as having an 'unclassified dermatitis'. Only subsequently was her exposure (indirect; she did not work in the packaging section of the factory like the first patient) to carprofen recognized and testing confirmed both contact allergy and PACD to carprofen. One of three healthy volunteer controls had an active photoallergy sensitization event to carprofen starting 10 days after photopatch testing. Three of eight factory employees subsequently referred because of skin problems had carprofen PACD.Carprofen is a potent photoallergen. These cases emphasize the importance of photopatch testing, and considering agents not included in standard series, when investigating patients presenting with a photoexposed site dermatitis.
Impact of Renal Insufficiency on Mortality in Advanced Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Ann M. O’Hare, Daniel Bertenthal, Michael G. Shlipak, Saunak Sen, Mary-Margaret Chren
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

Renal insufficiency predicts mortality among patients who are treated for myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure, but its clinical significance in advanced peripheral arterial disease has not been evaluated. A national cohort of 5787 male veterans who received an initial diagnosis of rest pain, ischemic ulceration, or gangrene between January 1, 2000, and September 30, 2002, and had at least one serum creatinine measurement within 3 mo before diagnosis were identified. Sixty-two percent (n = 3561) of cohort members had normal or mildly reduced renal function (GFR > or =60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), 30% (n = 1742) had moderate renal insufficiency (GFR 30 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), and 8% (n = 484) had severe renal insufficiency or renal failure (GFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)) but were not on dialysis. The percentages of patients who presented with gangrene or ischemic ulceration rather than rest pain increased with declining renal function (70, 77, and 87%; P < 0.001), as did 1-yr mortality risk (17, 27, and 44%; P < 0.001). After adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics, patients with a GFR of 30 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.53) and <30 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) (odds ratio, 2.97; 95% confidence interval, 2.39 to 3.69) had a significantly increased odds of death within 1 yr of cohort entry. Both moderate and severe renal insufficiency are associated with an increased odds of death in patients with critical limb ischemia. Death rates were particularly high among those with a GFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). This finding may be partly explained by their more frequent presentation with ischemic ulceration or gangrene rather than rest pain.
Role of Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation and Aspirin Use in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Edward Giovannucci, Andrew T. Chan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Multivitamins and multiminerals are widely used in the United States, but their efficacy and, perhaps more importantly, the potential for harm in individuals who have cancer have received relatively little study. Beyond their general effects on health, the use of vitamins and minerals by patients with cancer has unique implications because of their potential direct effects on existing cancers, effects on factors that may influence carcinogenesis, such as immunity, and interactions with treatment. Some evidence suggests that vitamin D at higher than standard doses may improve cancer-specific and overall survival for several cancer sites. Besides vitamin D, there is little evidence that nutritional supplements lower the risk of recurrence or improve survival from cancer, although some benefits may be possible in specific subgroups. Some data suggest that higher than standard doses of some vitamins or minerals could even enhance carcinogenesis or worsen survival in patients with cancer. For example, evidence suggests that although folate supplementation administered in preneoplastic stages may lower the risk of colorectal cancer, excessive folic acid in patients with established cancer may be harmful. For prostate cancer, some preliminary evidence indicates that excess consumption of one or a combination of components in a multivitamin/multimineral may accelerate cancer progression and increase fatality. Use of aspirin is proven to lower risk of colorectal cancer, and recent evidence suggests that aspirin use in patients with colorectal cancer improves cancer-specific and overall survival, especially in patients with tumors that express cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The potential beneficial or adverse effects of dietary supplements and aspirin in survivors of cancer warrant further study.
Metabolic alterations in the chronically denervated dog heart
Authors: G van der Vusse
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Previous studies have shown that chronic cardiac denervation impairs myocardial glucose oxidation. To investigate this further we tested whether the tissue content of glucose transporters, activity of glycolytic enzymes or metabolic capacity of pyruvate dehydrogenase were altered. Moreover, we investigated whether the decline in glucose utilization was associated with an upregulation of proteins and enzymes involved in fatty acid handling. Chronic cardiac denervation results also in decreased left ventricular efficiency. We explored whether alterations in mitochondrial properties could be held responsible for this phenomenon.Twelve adult dogs were included in the study. In 6 of them chronic cardiac denervation was accomplished by surgical ablation of the extrinsic nerve fibers. The other 6 dogs were sham-operated. Biopsies were obtained from the left ventricle after 4-5 weeks of denervation. The content or enzymatic activity of proteins involved in fatty acid and glucose handling was assessed. Features of glutamate oxidation were measured in freshly isolated mitochondria.The content or activity of a set of fatty acid handling proteins did not change during chronic cardiac denervation. In contrast GLUT1 content significantly increased in the chronically denervated left ventricle, while the active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase declined (p < 0.05). Glutamate oxidation characteristics in freshly isolated mitochondria were not affected by chronic denervation.The impairment of glucose oxidation in the chronically denervated myocardium is most likely caused by a decline of pyruvate dehydrogenase in its active form. It is unlikely that the decrease in work efficiency is caused by alterations in mitochondrial properties.