tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Family Medicine
Authors: Joseph A. Sergent
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To adequately speak of family practice we should have some idea of what we are speaking about. Family practice apparently means different things to different people. Some of the discrepancies are understandable in terms of the parts of the country in which the definition arises. A physician, for example, who does family practice in a small town in South Dakota may be doing something very different from a physician who practices the same specialty in Rochester, NY. Nevertheless, until we decide on a definition that is reasonably uniform, we will not be able to establish the identity of this area of medical practice, and will, therefore, lose one of the largest potential magnets to draw students to it. Before defining what I think family practice<i>is</i>, I would describe some of the things it is<i>not</i>. <h3>Family Practice Is Not</h3> It is certainly not general practice. In urban areas now,
On Some Forms of Idiopathic Peritonitis
Authors: R. H. Meade
Journal: BMJ (1876)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), treatment with rapamycin suppresses mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity and specific components of hippocampal synaptic reorganization associated with altered cortical excitability and seizure susceptibility. Reemergence of seizures after cessation of rapamycin treatment suggests, however, an incomplete suppression of epileptogenesis. Hilar inhibitory interneurons regulate dentate granule cell (DGC) activity, and <i>de novo</i> synaptic input from both DGCs and CA3 pyramidal cells after TBI increases their excitability but effects of rapamycin treatment on the injury-induced plasticity of interneurons is only partially described. Using transgenic mice in which enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) is expressed in the somatostatinergic subset of hilar inhibitory interneurons, we tested the effect of daily systemic rapamycin treatment (3 mg/kg) on the excitability of hilar inhibitory interneurons after controlled cortical impact (CCI)-induced focal brain injury. Rapamycin treatment reduced, but did not normalize, the injury-induced increase in excitability of surviving eGFP+ hilar interneurons. The injury-induced increase in response to selective glutamate photostimulation of DGCs was reduced to normal levels after mTOR inhibition, but the postinjury increase in synaptic excitation arising from CA3 pyramidal cell activity was unaffected by rapamycin treatment. The incomplete suppression of synaptic reorganization in inhibitory circuits after brain injury could contribute to hippocampal hyperexcitability and the eventual reemergence of the epileptogenic process upon cessation of mTOR inhibition. Further, the cell-selective effect of mTOR inhibition on synaptic reorganization after CCI suggests possible mechanisms by which rapamycin treatment modifies epileptogenesis in some models but not others.
UK government urged to establish a national walking strategy
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

For more than 50 years Britain's governments and city planners have sidelined the rights of pedestrians in favour of cars, turning walking into an “ever more unpleasant” experience, a report published by a cross party committee of MPs has claimed.

Despite the advantages of walking, we are all doing it less, preferring to take the car to an out of town shopping centre than stroll to the local …
IMPROVEMENT OF MYOCARDIAL ASYNERGY DURING EXERCISE
Authors: Asher Kimchi, Alon Rozanski, Caryl Fletcher, Jamshid Maddahi, Steven Reisman, Franklin Murphy, H. J.C. Swan, Daniel Berman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Kimchi, Asher; Rozanski, Alon; Fletcher, Caryl; Maddahi, Jamshid; Reisman, Steven; Murphy, Franklin; Swan, H. J.C.; Berman, Daniel Author Information
Effects of H<sub>1</sub>‐receptor antagonists on nasal obstruction in atopic patients
Authors: F. Horak, J. Toth, S. Jäger, U. Berger
Journal: Allergy (1993)

The aim of this study is to investigate whether H 1 ‐receptor antagonists, besides their effect on nasal itching and sneezing, also have a measurable effect on nasal obstruction caused by allergen challenge. The antihistamine used was astemizole (10 mg) versus placebo, in a double‐blind, cross‐over, randomized study of two groups. Between the two sessions there was a wash‐out period of at least 4 weeks. Seven patients of both sexes, with proven allergy to grass pollen, underwent a specific long‐term provocation with grass pollen in the Vienna challenge chamber. Using a physiological method of challenge and a sensitive method for evaluating nasal function, we were able to prove H 1 ‐receptor antagonist influence on nasal airway obstruction. The main parameters obtained arc nasal flow and nasal resistance at 75, 150 and 300 Pa, evaluated by active anterior rhinomanometry. We also investigated subjective symptom scores (0–3) of nasal, eye. and lung symptoms. It can be shown that the nasal flow under astemizole treatment is statistically significantly higher than the nasal flow under placebo treatment ( P = 0.034). This is in accordance with the findings in subjective nasal itching and sneezing.
Early mobilization of acute whiplash injuries.
Authors: K Mealy, H Brennan, G C Fenelon
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Acute whiplash injuries are a common cause of soft tissue trauma for which the standard treatment is rest and initial immobilisation with a soft cervical collar. Because the efficacy of this treatment is unknown a randomised study in 61 patients was carried out comparing the standard treatment with an alternative regimen of early active mobilisation. Results showed that eight weeks after the accident the degree of improvement seen in the actively treated group compared with the group given standard treatment was significantly greater for both cervical movement (p less than 0.05) and intensity of pain (p less than 0.0125).
Bladder Cancer in 2010: How Far have We Come?
Authors: B. L. Jacobs, C. T. Lee, J. E. Montie
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2010)

Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer and ranks eighth as a cause of death from cancer among men in the United States. Although guidelines assist in treatment, the art of managing bladder cancer, such as the decision to use neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the timing of cystectomy, is still variable. Bladder cancer has a propensity to recur, and with recurrence, a significant number of cases progress, which makes the early detection of high-risk patients imperative. Advances in detection, surveillance, and treatment of bladder cancer are reviewed in this article.
Molecular Evolution of Aldolase A Pseudogenes in Mice: Multiple Origins, Subsequent Duplications, and Heterogeneity of Evolutionary Rates
Authors: María Noel Cortinas, Enrique P. Lessa
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The Aldolase multigene family comprises three functional genes (A, B, and C) with tissue-specific expression regulated during ontogeny. DGGE analysis and nucleotide sequencing reveal a family of retropseudogenes of type A in species of MUS: Significant variation in rates of evolution of Aldolase A retropseudogenes is apparent. Our analyses demonstrate that (1) multiple events of retrotransposition are needed to account for the diversity of Aldolase A processed pseudogenes found in mice; (2) some of these sequences have undergone further duplication subsequent to the original retrotransposition event; (3) the patterns of nucleotide substitution are broadly comparable with previous estimates; and (4) estimates of rates of divergence for this array of sequences are up to four times higher than those reported in the literature.
RUNNING BOW LINE TOURNIQUET
Authors: Filip C. Forsbeck
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The ordinary piece of rubber tubing used as a tourniquet in intravenous medication and drawing of blood samples has certain disadvantages. As it is commonly used, the binding loop forms an undesirable bulging against the skin, it is released with a jerk that is apt to cause the needle to leave the vein, and it takes some care to keep the free ends from the sterile field. The running bow line tourniquet consists of the usual rubber tubing with a 2 or 3 inch loop at one end. This can be made with a heavy rubber band or by sewing. The open end is slipped through the loop so as to form a running bow line just above the elbow. Traction is exerted on both ends, and the loop is pushed down snugly against the arm and released. It will hold firmly. Steady pressure against the loop with the thumb
Coronary flow velocity pattern by transthoracic color doppler echocardiography in patients with acute myocardial infarction can predict myocardial viability assessed by thallium scintigraphy at six months
Authors: Minako Katayama, Atsushi Yamamuro, Yoshiaki Ueda, Koichi Tamita, Kenji Yamabe, Motoaki Ibuki, Tsutomu Takagi, Kazuaki Tanabe, Tomoko Tani, Toshikazu Yagi, Shigefumi Morioka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
P26. Cancer associated fibroblasts contribute to the immune suppression of breast cancer by augmentation of the inflammatory products
Authors: L Langroudi, ZM Hasan, M Soleimani, SMM Hashemi
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts The supporting stroma of breast cancer is believed to support the growth and metastasis of cancer cells and are responsible for suppressing anti-cancer immune responses. In this regard we attempted to isolate and characterise the cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of murine
Autotransplantation of skeletal muscle into myocardium.
Authors: O M Sola, D H Dillard, T D Ivey, K Haneda, T Itoh, R Thomas
Journal: Circulation (1985)

In a series of 15 studies in dogs, sternocleidomastoid muscle was used to replace deficits created in left ventricular myocardium and sternohyoid muscle was used to replace portions of right myocardial wall. The five right ventricular autotransplants resulted in a 100% surgical success rate, with animals electively killed between 3 and 55 weeks after surgery. In 10 left ventricular studies excision of areas varying from 12 X 46 mm to 30 X 60 mm and incisions of from 40 mm to 70 mm in length were performed. Left ventricular studies resulted in a 60% surgical success rate, with clinically healthy animals being killed for study between 2 weeks and 50 weeks after surgery. Animals surviving the critical surgical recovery period showed no loss of weight or changes in activity. Gross findings at autopsy confirmed the viability of the skeletal muscle transplants. Borders were well healed and the grafted tissue was pliable. Histologic studies suggest that revascularization of skeletal muscle occurred from the myocardial side, and that there were healthy myocardial and skeletal muscle fibers at the junction, with evidence of regeneration.
The timing of the "fertile window" in the menstrual cycle: day specific estimates from a prospective study
Authors: A. J Wilcox
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To provide specific estimates of the likely occurrence of the six fertile days (the “fertile window”) during the menstrual cycle. <b>Design:</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Participants:</b> 221 healthy women who were planning a pregnancy. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> The timing of ovulation in 696 menstrual cycles, estimated using urinary metabolites of oestrogen and progesterone. <b>Results:</b> The fertile window occurred during a broad range of days in the menstrual cycle. On every day between days 6 and 21, women had at minimum a 10% probability of being in their fertile window. Women cannot predict a sporadic late ovulation; 4-6% of women whose cycles had not yet resumed were potentially fertile in the fifth week of their cycle. <b>Conclusions:</b> In only about 30% of women is the fertile window entirely within the days of the menstrual cycle identified by clinical guidelines—that is, between days 10 and 17. Most women reach their fertile window earlier and others much later. Women should be advised that the timing of their fertile window can be highly unpredictable, even if their cycles are usually regular.
Subcellular localization of (latent) transforming growth factor β and the latent TGF-β binding protein in rat hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Sylke Roth-Eichhorn, Kitty Kühl, Axel M. Gressner
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Recently, the existence of the large latent transforming growth factor β (TGF–β) complex, consisting of TGF–β, the N–terminal part of its precursor (latency–associated peptide [LAP]), and the latent TGF–β binding protein (LTBP), was demonstrated in rat liver parenchymal cells (PC) and stellate cells (HSC). However, in contrast to HSC, in freshly isolated PC, no message of these proteins is detectable. This study was performed to investigate the subcellular distribution of the proteins forming the latent TGF–β complex in PC and HSC from rat liver to obtain more information about their origin and potential intracellular functions. PC and HSC were isolated from rat liver by protease reperfusion and investigated for TGF–β 1,-2,-3 , β1–LAP, and LTBP–1 after cultivation using double–immunofluorescent staining, followed by high–resolution confocal microscopic analysis. Subcellular fractions obtained by standard differential centrifugation of rat liver homogenate were analyzed using a TGF–β 1 enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting for β1–LAP and LTBP–1. By confocal microscopy, a diffuse distribution of TGF–β and LAP in the cytoplasm of PC is noticed, whereas the LTBP immunostaining predominates at plasma membranes. In PC, distinct intracellular granules were superimposed with TGF–β, LAP, and LTBP stainings identified as lysosomal compartments and mitochondria by ELISA and immunoblotting of subcellular fractions. In HSC, stainings of colocalized TGF–β, LAP, and LTBP are strongest in the perinuclear area, indicating synthesis and secretion via endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, respectively. Partially, the proteins were also found in HSC nuclei. During the transformation of HSC to myofibroblasts, LAP and LTBP become strongly colocalized with other components of the cytoskeletal network like smooth muscle–α–actin, desmin, and talin. The results confirm biochemical data about the existence and expression of the large latent TGF–β complex in PC and HSC, respectively. Baseline information is provided from which new hypotheses regarding intracellular functions of TGF–β, LAP, and LTBP in liver parenchymal and stellate cells can be concluded.
INFLUENCE OF AGE ON SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE TO ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS AND ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LESIONS
Authors: James L. O'Leary, Margaret G. Smith, Harold R. Reames
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

1. Young mice are more susceptible than older mice to the virus of St. Louis encephalitis inoculated intraperitoneally, but with virus inoculated intracerebrally or intranasally, there is no significant age difference in susceptibility. The greatest change in the resistance to the virus inoculated intraperitoneally occurs between the 2nd and 3rd weeks of life. 2. The distribution of the lesions of St. Louis encephalitis in the C.N.S. of young and of old animals following intraperitoneal inoculation indicates that the virus may reach the brain either by the ascending pathway from the spinal cord or by the olfactory pathway irrespective of the age of the animal. However the ascending pathway is most frequently concerned. 3. The distribution of lesions does not offer evidence that the virus enters the C.N.S. of young animals directly from the blood stream following intraperitoneal inoculation. 4. Although widespread lesions occur earlier in the C.N.S. of young mice than in that of older mice inoculated intraperitoneally with large doses of virus, this fact is not satisfactorily explained by assuming the more rapid increase of the virus in the C.N.S. of young animals, since the latter are not more susceptible to virus inoculated directly into the brain. 5. The observations can be explained by the hypothesis that a greater amount of virus survives and reaches the portals of the C.N.S. in young animals following intraperitoneal inoculation and that this is an important factor in the influence of age on susceptibility to the virus.
Law, Medicine and LSD
Authors: Neil L. Chayet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE sudden impact of hallucinogenic drugs on society has precipitated many difficult questions for law and medicine. Medicine is presently endeavoring to assess the toxicity of these compounds, and exploring their potential as therapeutic agents with diseases such as alcoholism and schizophrenia. The law is trying, with questionable success, to regulate and control the illicit use of these drugs, and the urgency of the situation has resulted in patchwork legislation that has too often been the product of legislative expedience rather than careful consideration of the many and complex issues involved.Uncertainty due to lack of real knowledge pervades the . . .
Rarity of X-Linked Partial Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency in a Large Gouty Population
Authors: TS'AI-FAN YÜ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

In a survey of 425 cases of hyperuricemia with gouty arthritis or uric acid stone, or both, we found partial deficiency of H-G PRTase, a newly recognized cause of these manifestations, in only 7 subjects, of whom 5 were members of one family. The prevalence in this series was thus 1.6%, which is probably higher than in the gouty population at large because this study included a disproportionately large number of severely afflicted patients. Transmission was through heterozygous, asymptomatic mothers and was expressed only in sons, consistent with X-linkage. Six of the seven hemizygotes detected conformed to previous reports in having very low erythrocyte H-G PRTase activity (about 0.1% to 1% of normal) and increased urinary hypoxanthine to xanthine ratios, usually with relatively early onset of severe symptoms. In the seventh case erythrocyte H-G PRTase activity was about 30% of normal, with an accompanying increase in the urinary hypoxanthine to xanthine ratio. This patient had late onset of moderately severe recurrent gouty arthritis.
Opiate withdrawal: inpatient versus outpatient programmes
Authors: C. Cook, M S Lipsedge, J. Henry, T D Scannell
Journal: BMJ (1986)

and influential paper because we are also com- paring inpatient versus outpatient treatment techniques (albeit with entirely different clients).We acknowledge that the outpatient programme in our study was less intensive than that of Edwards and Guthrie (paragraph 3 in Discussion) and that more intensive outpatient methods may lead to improved outcome (final paragraph, Discus- sion); (d) again, Dr McBride appears to have misunderstood the purpose of our study.We were evaluating the success of different detoxification procedures per se and neither intending nor attempting any long term follow up study.
Increased circulating High-Sensitivity Troponin T concentrations in children and adolescents with obesity and the metabolic syndrome: A marker for early cardiac damage?
Authors: Panagiota Pervanidou, Athanassios Akalestos, Despoina Bastaki, Filia Apostolakou, Ioannis Papassotiriou, George Chrousos
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Relative dose intensity reduction in breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy.
Authors: C Faustino, N Afonso, B Sousa, J Espírito Santo, H Rodrigues
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4111 Introduction&amp;#x2028; In breast cancer (BC), adjuvant chemotherapy has become a standard therapy, resulting in prolonged survival. This goal might be affected by chemotherapy dose reductions and delays that are not uncommon features.&amp;#x2028; The aim of this study was to assess relative dose intensity (RDI) reduction risk factors and define predictive factors.&amp;#x2028; Methods&amp;#x2028; Data regarding BC patients (pts) under anthracycline based-chemotherapy regimens was collected, retrospectively, from two Portuguese centres, between 1998 and 2007, and combined into a database of 783 individuals. Primary G-CSF prophylaxis was not planned. DIEP® (Dose Intensity Evaluation Programme) software was developed to allow calculation of RDI, and includes demographic data, clinical and treatment characteristics, chemotherapy dose modifications and delays, haematological toxicities and patterns of use of G-CSF.&amp;#x2028; Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors related to RDI ≤ 90% in these patients. A value of P &amp;lt; 0.05 was considered of statistical significance.&amp;#x2028; Results&amp;#x2028; Pts distribution according to chemotherapy: doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (A60 C600) – 31,5%, 5-fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (F500 E100 C500) – 19,2%, 5-fluorouracil/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (F500 A50 C500) – 49,3%. A RDI ≤ 90% was frequent across all chemotherapy regimens, but most common in pts receiving FEC (34,7%) and AC (23,5%) regimens.&amp;#x2028; According to univariate analysis, factors related to reduction of RDI were: age ≥ 65 years (P = 0,006), node positive (P = 0,037), chemotherapy regimen (P &amp;lt; 0,001), number of pts with at least one G-CSF administration on secondary prophylaxis (P = 0,015), number of pts with at least one G-CSF administration due to neutropenia or febrile neutropenia (P &amp;lt; 0,001 ) and number of pts with at least one hospitalization due to febrile neutropenia (P &amp;lt; 0.001). In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of RDI ≤ 90% were: AC regimen (P = 0,008), FEC regimen (P = 0,002), age ≥ 65 years old (P = 0,018), node positive (P = 0,016) and at least one hospitalization due to febrile neutropenia (P &amp;lt; 0,001).&amp;#x2028; Conclusion&amp;#x2028; A considerable number of our BC pts, submitted to anthracycline based-chemotherapy, continue to experience RDI reductions. Most affected pts were more than 65 years old, or under FEC or AC regimens, or had node positive tumors. This data might help to identify a subgroup of BC pts that benefit from primary prophylaxis with G-CSF. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4111.
TREATMENT WITH A HIGH DOSE OF DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID, BUT NOT A LOW DOSE OR EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID, DELAYS CA2+-INDUCED MITOCHONDRIA PERMEABILITY TRANSITION AND REDUCES MORTALITY IN CARDIOMYOPATHIC HAMSTERS
Authors: Tatiana F. Galvao, Bethany H. Brown, Kelly O'Connell, Peter Hecker, William C. Stanley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A Double-Blind Comparison of Efficacy of 0.1% Tacrolimus Ophthalmic Ointment and 2% Cyclosporine Eye Drop Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (vkc)
Authors: P. Labcharoenwongs, W. Durongpisitkul, P. Dumrongkigchaiporn, None O.Jirapongsananuruk, None N.Visitsunthorn, None P.Kosrirukvongs, None W.Booranapong, P. Vichyanond
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)