tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commission raises questions over Northern Ireland's death certificates
Authors: Muiris Houston
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Control of biomolecular condensates may hold considerable therapeutic potential. Intracellular condensates are highly multi-component systems in which complex phase behaviour can ensue, including the formation of architectures comprising multiple immiscible condensed phases. Conceivable avenues for manipulating condensates to bypass pathologies thus extend beyond merely controlling their stability and material properties, and relying solely on physical intuition to manipulate them is difficult because of the complexity of their composition. We address this challenge by developing an efficient computational approach to design pairs of protein sequences that result in well-separated multilayered condensates. Our method couples a genetic algorithm to a residue-resolution coarse-grained protein model. We demonstrate that we can design protein partners to form multiphase condensates containing naturally occurring proteins, such as the low-complexity domain of hnRNPA1 and its mutants, and show how homo- and heterotypic interactions must differ between proteins to result in multiphasicity.
Perforation of an adenocarcinoma of the small bowel affected by regional enteritis.
Authors: J Heathcote, C M Knauer, D Oakes, R W Archibald
Journal: Gut (1980)

This report is of a patient with long-term small bowel regional enteritis who presented with a perforation of an adenocarcinoma involving a diseased portion of ileum. Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel is rare. The incidence of small bowel adenocarcinoma may be higher in patients with regional enteritis, but a definite relationship cannot be established on the basis of data presently available. Small bowel adenocarcinoma in regional enteritis usually presents with obstructive symptoms.
Prompt Forwarding of Medical Records
Authors: William R. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Cost containment is the medical care industry's rallying cry for the 1980s. Many suggested reforms threaten to shake the foundations of the American medical care system. I would like to make a plea to my fellow physicians to take one small step that will decrease costs through avoiding repetitive diagnostic tests while improving the care of our patients: respond as quickly as possible to requests for release of medical records. Patients often come to our offices with tales of multiple blood tests, ECGs, roentgenograms, and detailed examinations done by other physicians in the recent past. One can either repeat any necessary tests—a sure but very expensive way to get the needed information—or send off a request for records and hope they arrive within a few months. Teaching centers are often the worst offenders. I recently requested past records on a complicated obstetrical patient who had been cared
Horseshoes, Hand Grenades, and Body-Surface Area–Based Dosing: Aiming for a Target
Authors: Merrill J. Egorin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools EDITORIAL Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.10.084 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 12525507 Horseshoes, Hand Grenades, and Body-Surface Area–Based Dosing: Aiming for a Target Merrill J. EgorinxMerrill J. EgorinSearch for articles by this author Show More University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.10.084 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Horseshoes, Hand Grenades, and Body-Surface Area–Based Dosing: Aiming for a Target." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(2), pp. 182–183© 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Effect of hypercapnic acidemia on anisotropic propagation in the canine ventricle.
Authors: V R Vorperian, T A Wisialowski, R Deegan, D M Roden
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Impulse propagation in the ventricle depends on both sodium channel availability and cell-to-cell coupling through gap junctions. Sodium channel block has been shown to depress conduction velocity (theta) more longitudinal (LONG) to than transverse (TRANS) to fiber orientation. Because exposure to CO2 produces intracellular acidosis and decreased gap junction conductance in vitro, we tested the hypothesis that increased PCO2 would result in preferential depression of transverse conduction in vivo.In anesthetized dogs, when atrial pH was reduced to 6.70 +/- 0.04 by increasing the fraction of inhaled CO2 to 40%, theta TRANS fell from 0.23 +/- 0.04 to 0.19 +/- 0.02 m/s (-16 +/- 8%, P < .03), while theta LONG was unchanged (-3 +/- 7%, P = NS). In contrast, with the same degree of acidemia produced by HCl infusion, only theta LONG fell (-8 +/- 7%), coincident with a rise in serum K+.The observed effect of CO2 on propagation in the intact heart is consistent with its previously described in vitro actions to uncouple cell-to-cell communication and may provide a model to study the role of cell-to-cell coupling in normal and abnormal propagation.
Asthma Forecast: Why Heat, Humidity Trigger Symptoms
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Complete Angiographic Evaluation of Renal Cancer
Authors: Paul C. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In 30 patients with renal carcinoma, the standard angiographic examination was supplemented by one or more of the following techniques: selective renal arteriography after epinephrine hydrochloride injection, selective phlebography of the renal veins, selective catheterization of the small retroperitoneal arteries (inferior phrenic, middle adrenal, lumbar, and gonadal), and selective angiography of suspected sites of metastasis. As a result of these additional studies, it was possible to determine more precisely the size and location of the tumor, to evaluate its spread through the renal capsule and adjacent structures, to determine its growth into renal veins, and to detect or verify metastases. This information aided both the planning of therapy and the assessment of prognosis.
Organellar RNA Editing and Plant-Specific Extensions of Pentatricopeptide Repeat Proteins in Jungermanniid but not in Marchantiid Liverworts
Authors: M. Rudinger, M. Polsakiewicz, V. Knoop
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

The pyrimidine exchange type of RNA editing in land plant (embryophyte) organelles has largely remained an enigma with respect to its biochemical mechanisms, the underlying specificities, and its raison d'être. Apparently arising with the earliest embryophytes, RNA editing is conspicuously absent in one clade of liverworts, the complex thalloid Marchantiidae. Several lines of evidence suggest that the large gene family of organelle-targeted RNA-binding pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins plays a fundamental role in the sequence-specific editing of organelle transcripts. We here describe the identification of PPR protein genes with plant-specific carboxyterminal (C-terminal) sequence signatures (E, E+, and DYW domains) in ferns, lycopodiophytes, mosses, hornworts, and jungermanniid liverworts, one subclass of the basal most clade of embryophytes, on DNA and cDNA level. In contrast, we were unable to identify these genes in a wide sampling of marchantiid liverworts (including the phylogenetic basal genus Blasia)--taxa for which no RNA editing is observed in the organelle transcripts. On the other hand, we found significant diversity of this type of PPR proteins also in Haplomitrium, a genus with an extremely high rate of RNA editing and a phylogenetic placement basal to all other liverworts. Although the presence of modularly extended PPR proteins correlates well with organelle RNA editing, the now apparent complete loss of an entire gene family from one clade of embryophytes, the marchantiid liverworts, remains puzzling.
Small intestinal ulceration: diagnostic difficulties in relation to coeliac disease.
Authors: D A Robertson, M F Dixon, B B Scott, F G Simpson, M S Losowsky
Journal: Gut (1983)

Seven cases of ulceration of the small intestine are described and the relationship to coeliac disease is discussed. Evidence for coeliac disease is found in all cases but is less strong in some than in others, and coeliac disease was proved in only two cases. The ulcers were examined histologically in each case and in three cases were associated with malignant histiocytosis but the others showed only non-specific chronic inflammation. This suggests a spectrum of disorders with an inconsistent relationship to gluten sensitivity and small intestinal lymphoma.
A New Inborn Lysosomal Disease
Authors: Hugo W. Moser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

IN 1955 de Duve and his associates called attention to a special group of cytoplasmic particles that contained five acid hydrolysases with widely differing specificities. They named these particles lysosomes. Since then, lysosomes have been shown to contain a large number of enzymes that function at an acid pH and are concerned with the degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids or ribonucleic acid. Together with some related vacuolar structures, the lysosomes form an intracellular "digestive system." Lysosomes are crucial to "programmed cellular breakdown." They play a part in other physiologic processes, such as cell division, secretion and absorption, immune mechanisms and . . .
Tacrine and lecithin in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: R. Levy
Journal: BMJ (1990)

SIR,-As two general practitioners in Bradford who are actively concerned in providing maternity care we would like to comment on the paper by Dr F C Bryce and colleagues on general practitioner obstetrics in Bradford.'We have worked in Bradford in different practices for two years and one year respectively.We both have experience of schemes of community antenatal care in Hackney and Tower Hamlets that are looselv based on the Sighthill model.2We are convinced that such schemes succeed because of cooperation between hospital and community staff, which results from the development and implementation of agreed protocols for maternity care.In contrast we found that the lack of any such protocols in Bradford and the poor communication among colleagues created a sense of isolation among general practitioner obstetricians.We were first aware of the paper by Dr Brvce and colleagues in September 1989, when an earlier draft was circulated to local general practitioners.There was no general practitioner or midwife participation in the preparation of the paper.Its tone was felt by many general practitioners to be admonitory and divisive.Trhere was an immediate response bv general practitioners in Bradford, manv of whom wrote letters to the local medical committee, which prepared a paper in response.No further communication occurred until the obstetricians' paper, slightly modified, appeared in the BM7, almost six months after we had first seen it.As far as we are aware no account had been taken of the large response from general practitioners that it had generated.The thrust of our response to the original paper was that the key to better maternity care in Bradford is good communication and cooperation among all those concerned: consumers, midwives, general practitioners, and consultants.We regret the style of the paper and would question its scientific validity in view of the small numbers studied.Nevertheless, we welcome the opening up of the debate and hope that it may be possible to move the discussion out of the hospital and into the community.Specifically, we propose that consul- tants should come into the community clinics on a regular basis.This would lead to improved communication.Consultants would share their expertise and provide continuing clinical advice and education.Midwives and general practitioners would benefit from the support provided by such contact, and, above all, the women of Bradford would benefit from expert, well planned, locally based maternity care.
Identification and characterization of liver nonparenchymal cells by flow cytometry
Authors: Mark Doolittle, Roger Bohman, Andres Durstenfeld, Joseph Cascarano
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Our objective was to correlate biochemical or functional properties that could be measured by fluorescence to individual nonparenchymal cell types by the simultaneous detection of forward angle light scatter and fluorescence. Cells were released from liver following selective digestion of hepatocytes by Pronase perfusion. To fractionate the cells according to size, isolates were subjected to unit gravity sedimentation on a 1 to 5% sucrose gradient. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the resulting fractions as well as the original unfractionated cells. This reaffirmed that forward angle light scatter is linearly related to the sedimentation velocity (size) of the cells and that it can be used to assess cell sizes in an unfractionated population. Endocytosis of fluorescently tagged particulates was studied by injecting either fluorescein isothiocyanate-tagged colloidal albumin or Coumarin-tagged latex beads (0.57 μm diameter) prior to Pronase perfusion. Beads were found only in the largest cells (Kupffer cells). Since endothelial cells could endocytose only colloidal albumin, they were readily differentiated from nonendocytosing, nonsinusoidal cells (“lymphocytes”). Staining cell protein with fluorescein isothiocyanate made possible the determination of relative protein content per cell (“lymphocyte”: endothelial:Kupffer cell was 0.57:1.0:2.0). To determine relative esterase activities, mixed cell isolates were incubated in fluorescein diacetate (“lymphocyte”: endothelial:Kupffer cells was 0.13:1.0:2.4). Uptake of rhodamine 123 was used to assess mitochondrial function (“lymphocyte”:endothelial:Kupffer cells was 0.45:1.0:14.6). Mitochondrial volume per cell is known to be 1:2 for endothelial:Kupffer cells. Therefore, the large difference in rhodamine uptake is not related to volume.
Distinction Awards and Pensions
Authors: J. N. Warren
Journal: BMJ (1970)

205) had evidence of long-acting thyroid stimulator (L.A.T.S.) and also thyroid antibodies.But the immune reaction of the two sisters may not have been the only genetic factor.Sarcoidosis is occasionally found with hyperthyroidism (and with Hashimoto's thyroiditis), and it sometimes occurs familially.' Eight identical twins were indeed reported in the literature.2The past histories of this interesting family may well be of particular relevance.-Iam, etc.,
An inherited immunoglobulin class-switch recombination deficiency associated with a defect in the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex
Authors: Sven Kracker, Michela Di Virgilio, Jeremy Schwartzentruber, Cyrille Cuenin, Monique Forveille, Marie-Céline Deau, Kevin M. McBride, Jacek Majewski, Anna Gazumyan, Suranjith Seneviratne, Bodo Grimbacher, Necil Kutukculer, Zdenko Herceg, Marina Cavazzana, Nada Jabado, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Alain Fischer, Anne Durandy
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)

Immunoglobulin class-switch recombination defects (CSR-D) are rare primary immunodeficiencies characterized by impaired production of switched immunoglobulin isotypes and normal or elevated IgM levels. They are caused by impaired T:B cooperation or intrinsic B cell defects. However, many immunoglobulin CSR-Ds are still undefined at the molecular level.
Retinoids and photodamage
Authors: B.A. GILCHREST
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Extensive well‐controlled clinical studies performed over the past 5 years have demonstrated a consistent, dose‐dependent, statistically significant improvement in the appearance of photodamaged skin after 3–6 months of daily treatment with topical 0·001–0.1% tretinoin cream. Clinical changes included decreases in surface roughness, irregular pigmentation, fine and coarse wrinkling, and sallowness. Actinic keratoses have also been reported to decrease in size and number. Blinded analysis of biopsies from more than 500 subjects showed that there was compaction of the stratum corneum, an increase in the number of granular layers, thickening of the epidermis and a decrease in epidermal melanin. There were no detectable histological changes in any dermal parameters. The specific cellular mechanisms by which retinoic acid (RA) exerts its beneficial effect on photodamaged skin are currently the subject of intensive investigation. It is well established that RA enters the nucleus where it binds to an RA receptor (RAR), and that the RA‐RAR complex then binds to specific RA response elements in the DNA, modulating the expression of target genes. It is thus likely that RA improves at least some aspects of photoageing by modifying cellular differentiation programmes, as retinoids have been shown to do during embryogenesis. in malignantly transformed cells and in skin affected by certain dermatoses.
Evidence based case report: Advice about mammography for a young woman with a family history of breast cancer
Authors: A. Lucassen
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A 35 year old woman with a family history of breast cancer was in need of advice. Her two sisters, aged 34 and 38, were healthy and not affected, but her mother had developed breast cancer at the age of 48, and her mother's paternal aunt had developed it at 39 (figure). The sisters lived in different parts of the United Kingdom. Her elder sister had been told that this family history was not important and that she would not need any screening until she was eligible for the national screening programme, whereas her younger sister had already had a mammogram and been told that she should have these yearly from the age of 35. The patient was confused and asked her general practitioner whether she should have mammography. The general practitioner wrote to the local genetics service for advice.

#### Summary points

There have been no randomised controlled trials of mammography in women under 50 with a family history of breast cancer

The sensitivity and specificity of mammography are lower in women aged under 50 than in those over 50

There is no NHS funding for mammographic screening of women under 50 with a family history of breast cancer, although such screening is performed regularly

The current consensus view is that mammography for women under 50 is appropriate if there is a certain degree of family history of breast cancer

Guidelines for such screening are available locally through most clinical genetics departments

Our experience with such enquiries suggested that the patient and her doctor were not alone in their confusion. Nationally and internationally, recommendations for screening women under 50 with a family history of breast cancer vary enormously. When family members are separated geographically they often receive different advice in both primary and secondary care. There is a plethora of local guidelines …
Control of CD4 effector fate: transforming growth factor beta 1 and interleukin 2 synergize to prevent apoptosis and promote effector expansion.
Authors: X Zhang, L Giangreco, H E Broome, C M Dargan, S L Swain
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

The signals that determine the size and duration of the primary T cell immune response are not well defined. We studied CD4 T cells at an important checkpoint in their development: when they have become effectors and are ready to rapidly mediate effector functions, both via direct interaction with antigen (Ag)-presenting cells and via cytokine production. We determined the effects of specific Ag and the cytokines interleukin (IL) 2 and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta 1 on T helper cell type 2 (Th2) effector apoptosis versus expansion. Th2-polarized effector cells were generated in vitro from naive CD4 T of T cell receptor transgenic mice, and then restimulated with or without peptide Ag plus Ag-presenting cells and cytokines. In the absence of added cytokines, effector cells cultured without Ag died of apoptosis after 4-7 d. Paradoxically, Ag both induced proliferation and high levels of cytokine synthesis and accelerated effector cell death. IL-2 directly induced proliferation of effectors, supported and prolonged Ag-induced proliferation, and partially blocked apoptosis. TGF-beta did not effect proliferation or influence cytokine secretion, but it also partially blocked apoptosis. Together, IL-2 and TGF-beta synergized to almost completely block apoptosis, resulting in prolonged effector expansion and leading to the accumulation of a large pool of specific effectors. When Ag and both cytokines were present, the effector population increased 10(4)-10(5) fold over 20 d of culture. The synergy of IL-2 and TGF-beta suggests that they interfere with programmed cell death by distinct mechanisms. Since Th2 effectors are specialized to help B cells develop into antibody-secreting plasma cells, these results suggest that the availability of Ag and of the cytokines IL-2 and TGF-beta is a key factor influencing the fate of Th2 effector cells and thus the size and duration of the primary antibody response.