tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plight of singlehanded consultants in A and E
Authors: R. Touquet
Journal: BMJ (1992)

800 hospital liaison committees internationally, of which 36 are in Britain; these committees assist in linking both patient and doctor with specialists prepared to manage the patient in harmony with the patient's conscience.We hope that doctors will use these contacts as we have no wish either to pressure or to be pressured.Cooperation is always better than confrontation.
Local Penicillin for Ophthalmia Neonatorum
Authors: A. Sorsby
Journal: BMJ (1945)

persisted, and he began to expectorate blood-stained sputum.The tonsils were still greatly enlarged and covered by a yellowish exudate.Sputum examination for tubercle bacilli was negative.Blood culture on Sept. 2 gave a good growth of Staph.pyogenes (confirmed two days later, when another good growth was obtained).The organism had the following characteristics: a smooth moderately pigmented strain of Staph.pyogenes, non-haemolytic, coagulasepositive; penicillin sensitivity equal to that of the standard " Oxford " strain.It was now clear that the patient had a general septicaemia, and in spite of having received 12 g. of sulphanilamide and 25 g. of sulphathiazole he was getting steadily worse.Sulphathiazole treatment was stopped, and at 22.00 hours penicillin was given instead, in doses of 16,666 units, by intramuscular injection every three hours.The temperature at 22.00 hours was 102°F., and the pulse rate 110 a minute.No pathogens were obtained from culture of a throat swab.The total white cell count was still relatively low considering the nature of the infection-namely, 6,800 per c.mm., with 50% polymorphs, 27% small lymphocytes, 19% large lymphocytes, and 4% monocytes.On Sept. 3 and 4 a slight lowering of the temperature and some improvement in his general condition were apparent.On the 5th the temperature dropped to normal and was accompanied by a striking improvement in the patient's general condition and in the local appearance of the throat.The spleen was no longer palpable and the pleural friction rub could not be heard.Subsequent Progress.-Therewas a rise of temperature to 100°F.on Sept. 6 and 7 and to 99°F. on Sept. 9 and 10, but subsequently the temperature and pulse rate remained at normal levels.Penicillin was discontinued on Sept. 11, as the patient had now received 1,133,288 units.By this time all clinical evidence of septicaemia had gone and the appearance of the throat was normal.He continued to make an uneventful recovery, with no residual signs of disease in any system, and on Sept. 20 was evacuated to the United Kingdom for a period of convalescence.
TCT-532 The Effect of Northeast Japan Earthquake on Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nobuyuki Kuroiwa, Shigeru Fukuzawa, Soichiro Ichikawa, Atsushi Ikeda, Masayuki Inagaki, Junpei Maekawa, Shuichi Okamoto, Shinichi Okino, Juji Sugioka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Inpatient Management of Diabetic Foot Disorders: A Clinical Guide
Authors: Dane K. Wukich, David G. Armstrong, Christopher E. Attinger, Andrew J.M. Boulton, Patrick R. Burns, Robert G. Frykberg, Richard Hellman, Paul J. Kim, Benjamin A. Lipsky, James C. Pile, Michael S. Pinzur, Linda Siminerio
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

The implementation of an inpatient diabetic foot service should be the goal of all institutions that care for patients with diabetes. The objectives of this team are to prevent problems in patients while hospitalized, provide curative measures for patients admitted with diabetic foot disorders, and optimize the transition from inpatient to outpatient care. Essential skills that are required for an inpatient team include the ability to stage a foot wound, assess for peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, wound infection, and the need for debridement; appropriately culture a wound and select antibiotic therapy; provide, directly or indirectly, for optimal metabolic control; and implement effective discharge planning to prevent a recurrence. Diabetic foot ulcers may be present in patients who are admitted for nonfoot problems, and these ulcers should be evaluated by the diabetic foot team during the hospitalization. Pathways should be in place for urgent or emergent treatment of diabetic foot infections and neuropathic fractures/dislocations. Surgeons involved with these patients should have knowledge and interest in limb preservation techniques. Prevention of iatrogenic foot complications, such as pressure sores of the heel, should be a priority in patients with diabetes who are admitted for any reason: all hospitalized diabetic patients require a clinical foot exam on admission to identify risk factors such as loss of sensation or ischemia. Appropriate posthospitalization monitoring to reduce the risk of reulceration and infection should be available, which should include optimal glycemic control and correction of any fluid and electrolyte disturbances.
Endoscopic, bioptic, and manometric findings in eosinophilic esophagitis before and after steroid therapy: a case series
Authors: A. Lucendo, J. Pascual-Turrión, M. Navarro, C. Comas, P. Castillo, A. Letrán, M. Caballero, J. Larrauri
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Background and aim: Eosinophilic esophagitis can be associated with a wide range of endoscopic patterns. The aim of the present case series report is to describe and classify endoscopic appearances before and after corticoid therapy in relation to histopathology and manometry.
Research related to surgical treatment of coronary artery disease.
Authors: J W Kirklin, N T Kouchoukos, E H Blackstone, A Oberman
Journal: Circulation (1979)

In the past 20 years, basic and clinical research have provided new information on coronary artery surgery. For example, several studies have shown that coronary artery bypass grafting is more effective than medical treatment in relieving the symptoms of chronic disabling angina pectoris. However, we still do not have definitive answers to many questions. What factors in the patient, in the operation and in the care after operation determine success in surgical treatment? Does the operation prolong useful life? Is the operation affordable? These questions are difficult. Further research is needed to solve complex problems relating to surgical vs medical treatment of coronary artery disease.
Alterations in left ventricular diastolic function in conscious dogs with pacing-induced heart failure.
Authors: K Komamura, R P Shannon, A Pasipoularides, T Ihara, A S Lader, T A Patrick, S P Bishop, S F Vatner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

We investigated in conscious dogs (a) the effects of heart failure induced by chronic rapid ventricular pacing on the sequence of development of left ventricular (LV) diastolic versus systolic dysfunction and (b) whether the changes were load dependent or secondary to alterations in structure. LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction were evident within 24 h after initiation of pacing and occurred in parallel over 3 wk. LV systolic function was reduced at 3 wk, i.e., peak LV dP/dt fell by -1,327 +/- 105 mmHg/s and ejection fraction by -22 +/- 2%. LV diastolic dysfunction also progressed over 3 wk of pacing, i.e., tau increased by +14.0 +/- 2.8 ms and the myocardial stiffness constant by +6.5 +/- 1.4, whereas LV chamber stiffness did not change. These alterations were associated with increases in LV end-systolic (+28.6 +/- 5.7 g/cm2) and LV end-diastolic stresses (+40.4 +/- 5.3 g/cm2). When stresses and heart rate were matched at the same levels in the control and failure states, the increases in tau and myocardial stiffness were no longer observed, whereas LV systolic function remained depressed. There were no increases in connective tissue content in heart failure. Thus, pacing-induced heart failure in conscious dogs is characterized by major alterations in diastolic function which are reversible with normalization of increased loading condition.
Rupture of Diaphragm Involving Herniated Viscera Following a Blunt Trauma Diagnosed by Gastrofiberoscopy
Authors: S. Junk, W. Zegarski, P. J. Bilinski
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

We report a delayed diagnosis of a diaphragm rupture found during gastroscopy. A 51-year-old man sustained injuries of the abdomen and chest during a head-on vehicle accident. The patient was diagnosed as suffering from brain concussion and chest wall contusion. He was discharged from hospital on the third day. After 12 weeks he went to general practitioner complaining of dyspeptic symptoms and recurrent vomiting. He reported pain in the epigastrium and lack of appetite. The patient9s esophagogastroscopy revealed gastric herniation through the ruptured diaphragm into the thoracic cavity (Figure [1]). The stomach was rotated and markedly elevated. While in hospital, the patient had complained of retrosternal pain. ECG examination revealed nonspecific features of coronary disease. A radiograph showed the stomach within the thoracic cavity (Figure [2]). A laparotomy was performed, and the wound of the diaphragm was sutured. Follow-up was uneventful, there were no cardiac symptoms and the ECG was normal.
Infant-feeding practices among immigrants in Glasgow.
Authors: K M Goel, F House, R A Shanks
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Two hundred and six Asian, 99 African, 99 Chinese, and 102 Scottish children from 172 families were studied to ascertain infant-feeding practices. After arriving in the United Kingdom most of the immigrant mothers had not wished to breast-feed their babies because of wrong information or misconceptions about British infant-feeding practices. The Asians had largely adopted British habits of introducing solid foods to their babies' diets, but the habits of the African and Chinese mothers in this respect had changed little. Furthermore, many of the African and Chinese children had received no vitamin preparation. The survey showed that all mothers resident in Britain urgently need advice on some aspects of infant feeding.
EU health budget may be almost halved
Authors: Tessa Richards
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Continuing controversy over the European Union's entire financial framework for 2007-13 has alarmed the EU's public health community, who consider it a direct threat to implementing effective public health measures across Europe.

The European Commission's ambitious new public health and consumer protection strategy looks set to have its proposed budget almost halved from about €1.8bn (£1.2bn; $2.2bn) to less than €1bn. As a result, it may have to be totally rethought and rewritten. The strategy was drawn up after 18 months intensive consultation with many national and regional health authorities, universities, and citizens and more than 100 non-governmental health organisations.

“To say we are facing a crisis is to put it mildly,” said MEP for London John Bowis at a conference in Brussels last week. The conference was convened by European Voice (a weekly newspaper covering European issues) to discuss healthcare policy in Europe and where EU action can “add value.”

“There has never been a time of such uncertainty over the budget. Finance ministers must be persuaded that expenditure on …
Communicating with Alexithymic and Non-Alexithymic Patients: An Experimental Study of the Effect of Psychosocial Communication and Empathy on Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Peter Kjær Graugaard, Kjersti Holgersen, Arnstein Finset
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

Previous studies have shown that alexithymia is associated with a wide range of somatic and psychiatric conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate experimentally how psychosocial communication and empathic response from the physician affects satisfaction in alexithymic and non-alexithymic patients.Seven physicians and 65 female patients from a fibromyalgia patient association participated in the study. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was used to categorise patients as alexithymic or non-alexithymic. Patients also completed questionnaires regarding trait anxiety and satisfaction with their consultation. Physicians were instructed to differentiate their communication in terms of both psychosocial matters and empathic response. The content of the consultation was analysed using the Roter Interactional Analysis System.Regression analyses revealed that alexithymic patients were significantly more satisfied when they received a greater empathic response from the physician. Non-alexithymic patients, however, were more satisfied when the consultation was of longer duration. Psychosocial communication did not have any statistically significant effect on satisfaction in either of the two subgroups.Verbalised empathic response from the physician may be crucial for the alexithymic patient's post-consultation satisfaction and may thereby become the basis for a solid treatment alliance. The validity of this hypothesis should be tested in different clinical settings and with different patient populations. Future research on alexithymic patients' response to psychosocial communication may benefit from determining to what extent this communication is concerned with general distress or more complex emotional phenomena.
Infant Orality and Smoking
Authors: Eva J. Salber
Journal: JAMA (1964)

FREUD suggested that in some children there is  constitutional intensification of the erotogenic significance of the labial region. If that significance persists, these same children when they are grown up will become epicures in kissing, will be inclined to perverse kissing or, if males, will have a powerful motive for drinking and smoking. 1   The present report discusses this concept in relation to the smoking habits of schoolchildren. During an investigation of the smoking habits of schoolchildren in Newton, Mass, a random stratified sample of senior students and their mothers were interviewed. Data on smoking habits and early child-rearing patterns were collected on 314 pairs of students and their mothers. Details of methods employed in this study have been reported previously and will not be repeated here. 2,3   Results  Data in the Table are derived from interviews with parents. Fifty-seven percent of the children in this sample were never
Gene Expression Profiling of Human Stent-Induced Neointima by cDNA Array Analysis of Microscopic Specimens Retrieved by Helix Cutter Atherectomy
Authors: Dietlind Zohlnhöfer, Christoph A. Klein, Thomas Richter, Richard Brandl, Alexander Murr, Thomas Nührenberg, Albert Schömig, Patrick A. Baeuerle, Franz-Josef Neumann
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Restenosis due to neointima formation is the major limitation of stent-supported balloon angioplasty. Despite abundant animal data, molecular mechanisms of neointima formation have been investigated on only a limited basis in patients. This study sought to establish a method for profiling gene expression in human in-stent neointima and to identify differentially expressed genes that may serve as novel therapeutic targets.We retrieved tissue specimens from patients with symptomatic in-stent restenosis using a novel helix cutter atherectomy device. cDNA samples prepared from neointima (n=10) and, as a control, from the media of normal arteries (n=14) were amplified using a novel polymerase chain reaction protocol and hybridized to cDNA arrays. Immunohistochemistry characterized the atherectomy material as neointima. cDNA arrays readily identified differentially expressed genes. Some of the differentially expressed genes complied with expected gene expression patterns of neointima, including downregulation of desmin and upregulation of thrombospondin-1, cyclooxygenase-1, and the 70-kDa heat shock protein B. Additionally, we discovered previously unknown gene expression patterns, such as downregulation of mammary-derived growth inhibitor and upregulation of FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12). Upregulation of FKBP12 was confirmed at the protein level in neointimal smooth muscle cells.Gene expression patterns of human neointima retrieved by helix-cutter atherectomy can be reliably analyzed by cDNA array technology. This technique can identify therapeutic targets in patients, as exemplified by the findings regarding FKBP12. FKBP12 is the receptor for Rapamycin (sirolimus), which in animal models reduced neointima formation. Our study thus yields a rationale for the use of Rapamycin to prevent restenosis in patients.
Abstract 3534: Human Th17 cells have stem cell-like features and promote long-term tumor immunity
Authors: Ilona Kryczek, Ende Zhao, Yan Liu, Yin Wang, Linda Vatan, Wojciech Szeliga, Jeffrey Moyer, Aleksandra Klimczak, Andrzej Lange, Weiping Zou
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Th17 cells play a role in multiple pathological scenarios. However, their functional phenotype, survival pattern and the underlying controlling mechanisms are poorly investigated in humans. This significantly hampers clinical application of targeting Th17 cells. Now we have studied Th17 cells in the pathological microenvironments of graft-versus-host disease, ulcerative colitis and cancer in humans. Th17 cells are increased in the chronic phase of these diseases. Th17 cells phenotypically resemble to terminally differentiated memory T cells, but are different from central memory, exhausted and senescent T cells. Despite their phenotypic markers of terminal differentiation, in vivo adoptive transfusing experiments demonstrate that Th17 cells mediate and promote long-term anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, Th17 cells have important functional features including high capacity of proliferative self-renewal, potent persistence and apoptotic resistance in vivo, and the plasticity of converting into other types of T helper cells. These features are accompanied with relatively specific gene signature in Th17 cells including abundant anti-apoptotic genes. Moreover, we investigated the molecular mechanisms controlling their functional characters. We demonstrate that hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1α and Notch collaboratively control key anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 family gene expression and function in Th17 cells. Altogether, the data indicate that human Th17 cells may be a long-lived proliferating effector memory T cell population with unique genetic and functional characters. These characters may be important determinants in Th17 cell biology. Targeting Th17-associated signaling pathway would be therapeutically meaningful for treating patients with autoimmune disease and advanced tumor. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3534. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3534
LEAD AND METHYL MERCURY: EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXPOSURE ON CYTOCHROME P-450 AND THE MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASE SYSTEM IN THE LIVER
Authors: Alvito P. Alvares, Susan Leigh, Jonathan Cohn, Attallah Kappas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

The rat liver mixed function oxidase system which is responsible for the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds has been shown to be affected by lead and methyl mercury. Administration of these environmental pollutants to rats results in a decrease in cytochrome P-450 content and inhibition of in vitro N-demethylase and hydroxylase activities. The in vitro enzyme-inhibiting effects of the metals found pharmacological expression in the whole animal by prolongation of hexobarbital-induced sleeping times.
Pernkopf Anatomy: Atlas of Topographic and Applied Human Anatomy, vol 1: Head and Neck
Authors: Malcolm H. Hast
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This classic among atlases of anatomy is derived from Eduard Pernkopf's (1888-1955) seven-volume textbook,<i>Topographische Anatomie des Menschen</i>. The majority of the illustrations in this atlas are truly works of art, demonstrating by their clarity and precision the best in collaboration between master medical artists and skillful anatomic prosectors. It is therefore appropriate that the editor of this new volume is Werner Platzer, MD, since he prepared most of the head and neck specimens for Pernkopf's original illustrations. As with the first two editions, the reproduction of illustrations is of the highest quality. This is true not only for the many new illustrations but also for the original plates of more than 40 years ago. The additions are substantial: 416 illustrations as compared with 339 in the second edition. These include, for example, new drawings of the muscles and fasciae of the face region, areas of innervation of the trigeminal
Functional Impairment of CD8+ T Cells by Regulatory T Cells during Persistent Retroviral Infection
Authors: Ulf Dittmer, Hong He, Ronald J. Messer, Simone Schimmer, Anke R.M. Olbrich, Claes Ohlen, Philip D. Greenberg, Ingunn M. Stromnes, Michihiro Iwashiro, Shimon Sakaguchi, Leonard H. Evans, Karin E. Peterson, Guojun Yang, Kim J. Hasenkrug
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Breast cancer–associated antigen, DF3/MUC1, induces apoptosis of activated human T cells
Authors: Claude D. Gimmi, Briggs W. Morrison, Brigitte A. Mainprice, John G. Gribben, Vassiliki A. Boussiotis, Gordon J. Freeman, Suun Young Lee Park, Michiaki Watanabe, JianLin Gong, Daniel F. Hayes, Donald W. Kufe, Lee M. Nadler
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
Recombinant plasminogen agent continues to show promise in trials
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Results of the first multicenter clinical trial of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator have taken the thrombolytic protein out of the speculative pilot phase and put it into the clinically useful phase.  That is the assessment of Burton E. Sobel, MD, director of cardiology at Washington University School of Medicine-Barnes Hospital Medical Center, St Louis, one of the three trial locations ( JAMA [MEDICAL NEWS] 1984;251:1651-1652).  Speaking at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association in Miami Beach, Sobel said he considers the successful trial—in which intravenously injected recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator opened coronary arteries in 35 of 50 patients with transmural infarctions and angiographically documented coronary occlusions—a reason for tremendous excitement. Genentech Inc, the South San Francisco, Calif, genetic engineering firm that produces recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator in this country, he added, has taken a [sparsely occurring native] molecule with great potential and produced it for practical
Preventing congenital abnormalities.
Authors: P Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1993)

A substantial but prudent investment of finances is therefore essential to provide a safe service in which the clinical needs of patients are held to be primary.It is not acceptable that patients with diagnostic problems in headache, cerebrovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal tumours, pain, epilepsy, space occupying lesions, and dementia-to choose limited examples- should be kept waiting for skilled professional diagnosis, investigation, sympathetic management, and treatment.Waiting times in one specialty do not correlate with waiting times in others.The slogan "reduction of waiting lists" as applied to elective surgery or outpatient appointments is simplistic and may have no relevance to actual or imminent medical needs of patients and their families.Rectification of this unbalanced approach is overdue and should be brought to the attention of management and to politicians who reorganise the health service.We