tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Linoleate-enriched Cheese Product Reduces Low-Density Lipoprotein in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Adults
Authors: Paul A. Davis, Jean François Platon, M. Eric Gershwin, Georges M. Halpern, Carl L. Keen, Donna DiPaolo, Janet Alexander, Vincent A. Ziboh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To test the effect of substituting a modified-fat cheese product into the diets of hypercholesterolemic adults.A 4-month, randomized, double-blind, crossover substitution trial.General community outpatient study.Twenty-six healthy adult volunteers (17 men, 9 women) with moderate hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol > 5.69 mmol/L but < 7.24 mmol/L).Daily substitution of 100 g of cheese, either partial skim-milk mozzarella or modified-fat (vegetable oil) mozzarella cheese product, into participants' normal diets. Participants consumed an assigned cheese for 2 months, at which time they crossed over to consume the other study cheese.Plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured at baseline and at 2 and 4 months after initiation of the study. Compliance was assessed by body weight and by biweekly dietary records and interviews.No differences in weight or in the amount or type of calories consumed were found during the study. No statistically significant changes in lipid values resulted from consumption of mozzarella cheese. Modified-fat cheese substitution resulted in a decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level when compared with levels at both baseline (-0.28 mmol/L; 95% Cl, -0.14 to -0.42 mmol/L) and during consumption of the skim-milk mozzarella cheese (-0.38 mmol/L; 95% Cl, -0.2 to -0.70 mmol/L). Findings for total cholesterol were similar. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma triglyceride, and apolipoprotein A-l and B-100 levels were unaltered. Both sexes responded similarly.A linoleate-enriched cheese product, in the absence of any other changes in diet or habits, substituted into the normal diets of hypercholesterolemic adults reduced low-density lipoprotein and plasma cholesterol levels.
WHAT IS THE REAL INCIDENCE OF DEFINITE STENT THROMBOSIS AFTER BARE METAL STENT IMPLANTATION IN THE REAL WORLD CLINICAL PRACTICE?
Authors: Marcelo Nakashima De Melo, Ricardo A Costa, J. Ribamar Costa, Fausto Feres, Alexandre Abizaid, Marcos Ortega, Erwin Telles, Rodolfo Staico, Luiz A. Mattos, Galo Maldonado, Luiz F. Tanajura, Carlos Collet, Amanda Sousa, J. Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Richard Casaburi, Richard ZuWallack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 61-year-old black woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is referred for enrollment in a pulmonary rehabilitation program. Pulmonary rehabilitation includes high-intensity exercise to improve muscle function and reduce dynamic hyperinflation of the lungs, as well as education to promote collaborative self-management strategies. Patients with unstable angina or recent myocardial infarction may not be good candidates for pulmonary rehabilitation.
365 The hepatoprotective role of ketanserin in acute cadmium liver injury
Authors: G.I. Panoutsopoulos, K.N. Tzirogiannis, G.K. Papadimas, S.D. Skaltsas, M.D. Demonakou, R.I. Hereti, G.A. Manta, M.G. Mykoniatis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Regulation of the T helper cell type 1 transcription factor T-bet in coeliac disease mucosa
Authors: I Monteleone
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> In coeliac disease (CD) mucosa, the histological lesion is associated with marked infiltration of T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cells. However, the molecular mechanisms which regulate Th1 cell differentiation in CD mucosa are unknown. <b>Aims:</b> To analyse expression of transcription factors which control the Th1 cell commitment in CD. <b>Patients:</b> Duodenal mucosal samples were taken from untreated CD patients and normal controls. <b>Methods:</b> Interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-4 RNA expression was examined in T lamina propria lymphocytes by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. T-bet and STAT-4, two Th1 promoting transcription factors, and STAT-6 and GATA-3, transcription factors which govern T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cell polarisation, were examined in duodenal biopsies by western blotting. The effect of gliadin and IFN-γ on expression of T-bet was examined in an ex vivo culture of biopsies taken from normal and treated CD patients. <b>Results:</b> As expected, IFN-γ but not IL-4 RNA transcripts were increased in the mucosa of CD patients in comparison with controls. CD mucosal samples consistently exhibited higher levels of T-bet than controls. However, no difference in active STAT-4 expression was seen between CD patients and controls, suggesting that Th1 polarisation was not induced by local IL-12. GATA-3 and STAT-6 were also low in both CD and control mucosa. In normal duodenal biopsies, IFN-γ stimulated T-bet through a STAT-1 dependent mechanism. Challenge of treated CD but not control biopsies with gliadin enhanced T-bet and this effect was also inhibited by STAT-1 inhibition. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study shows that activation of STAT-1 by IFN-γ promotes T-bet in CD mucosa.
Calcitriol for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: J.C. Gallagher, B.L. Riggs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1989Calcitriol for Postmenopausal OsteoporosisJ.C. Gallagher, MD, B.L. Riggs, MDJ.C. Gallagher, MD, B.L. Riggs, MDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-7-621_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 2-year clinical trial reported in a recent issue, Ott and Chesnut (1) concluded that "calcitriol treatment is not effective in postmenopausal osteoporosis." We disagree. Whereas the authors are to be commended for a comprehensive and well-done clinical trial, we believe that their results are applicable only to the conditions of their study and should not be generalized.Their study was part of a three-center trial that was run according to a common basic protocol. Both Aloia and colleagues (2) and Gallagher and colleagues (3), from the other participating centers, reported that calcitriol...References1. OttChesnut SC. Calcitriol treatment is not effective in post-menopausal osteoporosis. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:267-74. LinkGoogle Scholar2. AloiaVaswaniYehEllisYasumuraCohn JAJKSS. Calcitriol in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Am J Med. 1988;84:401-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GallagherGoldgarO'Neill JDJ. Calcitriol therapy in the management of osteoporosis. In: Norman AW, Schaefer K, Grigoleit HG, Herrath DV, eds. Vitamin D. Molecular Cellular, and Clinical Endocrinology. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & Co.; 1988:836-7. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. GallagherRiggsDeLuca JBH. Effects of calcitriol in osteoporosis. In: DeLuca HF, Frost HM, Jee WS, Johnston CC Jr, Parfitt AM, eds. Osteoporosis: Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Treatment. Baltimore: University Park Press; 1981:419-23. Google Scholar5. GallagherRiggsReckerGoldgar JBRD. The effect of calcitriol on patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis with special reference to fracture frequency. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1989;191:287-92. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRole of nutrition during long-term spaceflightPeak bone mass and osteoporosis preventionCalcitriol for Postmenopausal OsteoporosisA.M. Parfitt, MB, BChir 1 October 1989Volume 111, Issue 7Page: 621-621KeywordsCalcitriolClinical trial reportingClinical trialsOsteoporosis Issue Published: 1 October 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Activating receptors promote NK cell expansion for maintenance, IL-10 production, and CD8 T cell regulation during viral infection
Authors: Seung-Hwan Lee, Kwang-Sin Kim, Nassima Fodil-Cornu, Silvia M. Vidal, Christine A. Biron
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Natural killer (NK) cells have the potential to deliver both direct antimicrobial effects and regulate adaptive immune responses, but NK cell yields have been reported to vary greatly during different viral infections. Activating receptors, including the Ly49H molecule recognizing mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV), can stimulate NK cell expansion. To define Ly49H's role in supporting NK cell proliferation and maintenance under conditions of uncontrolled viral infection, experiments were performed in Ly49h−/−, perforin 1 (Prf1)−/−, and wild-type (wt) B6 mice. NK cell numbers were similar in uninfected mice, but relative to responses in MCMV-infected wt mice, NK cell yields declined in the absence of Ly49h and increased in the absence of Prf1, with high rates of proliferation and Ly49H expression on nearly all cells. The expansion was abolished in mice deficient for both Ly49h and Prf1 (Ly49h−/−Prf1−/−), and negative consequences for survival were revealed. The Ly49H-dependent protection mechanism delivered in the absence of Prf1 was a result of interleukin 10 production, by the sustained NK cells, to regulate the magnitude of CD8 T cell responses. Thus, the studies demonstrate a previously unappreciated critical role for activating receptors in keeping NK cells present during viral infection to regulate adaptive immune responses.
Effect of Simvastatin on Nitric Oxide Production and Lipid Peroxidation of Chondrocytes.
Authors: E.J. Dombrecht, K. Aerts, C.B. De Tollenaere, V. Seynhaeve, C.H. Bridts, D.G. Ebo, J.F. Van Offel, W.J. Stevens, L.S. De Clerck
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Evidence of Multifocal Activity of Coronary Disease in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Maurizio D. Guazzi, Maurizio Bussotti, Luca Grancini, Nicoletta De Cesare, Marco Guazzi, Isidoro L. Pera, Alessandro Loaldi
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Destabilization of the fibrous cap facilitates plaque rupture, thrombus formation, and myocardial infarction. Because systemic stimuli, such as lipoproteins, infectious agents, and autoantigens, may incite this reaction, one may wonder whether disruption mechanisms are only local or systemic and infarction is caused by an arbitrary plaque event or by a systemic, acute activity of the coronary disease. Methods and Results Early (3 to 5 days) and late (1 month) peri-infarction coronary angiographic data in 23 patients with first infarction were compared with that in 23 similar patients, with angiography performed because of stable angina and repeated after 1 month before angioplasty. Nonculprit lesion changes at the narrowest point defined progression or regression when exceeding 0.27 mm. In patients with recent infarction we found that 16 had progression, 4 had regression, 1 had both, 2 were steady (values in patients with stable angina being 2 [ P &lt;.001], 1 [NS], 0 [NS], and 20 [ P &lt;.001]); 27 lesions were infarct related; 17 of the 45 nonculprit lesions progressed and 5 regressed (values in stable angina being 2 [ P &lt;.001] and 1 [ P &lt;.05] out of 78); minimal diameter reduction of progressing stenoses averaged 0.39 mm; lumen increase of regressing lesions averaged 0.30 mm; 3 patients developed interim rest angina associated with progression of a nonculprit lesion. Conclusions A greater proportion of subjects and lesions with progression or regression (in infarction versus stable angina) supports the hypothesis that infarction is a hallmark of systemic coronary disease activity. Changes might vary according to the “maturation” stage of an atheroma, and maximal expression would be at the level of the offending plaque. Shrinkage, thrombolysis, or vascular remodeling would determine the residual plaque morphology.
Poor diet in pregnancy may be a proxy for some other hostile influence on fetal growth
Authors: M Cosgrove, D P Davies
Journal: BMJ (1996)

British urologists provide a cost effective service EDrrOR,-The juxtaposition of Linda Beecham's article on NHS doctors' pay' and Charles-Gene McDaniel's article on American doctors' income2 leads to comparisons of the earning capacity of different doctors.It would be fair, however, also to compare the work that each of the two groups does, and I have considered urol- ogy on the two sides ofthe Atlantic.For a current maximum annual salary in Britain of £52 440 and an average American salary of £100 000, the two groups of urologists do quite different aver- age amounts of work.The ratio ofpopulation to consultants in urology in the United States is roughly 200 million to 9000,
Of actors, bolting horses, and drops in oceans!
Authors: F Cremonini
Journal: Gut (2003)

Does serotonin mediate postprandial symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome?

Postprandial symptoms are a common feature in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In one study, one half of patients presenting with IBS reported symptom occurrence or exacerbation following a meal.1 This effect of meals on gastrointestinal symptoms has been attributed to an increased colonic contractile response to meals in IBS patients. This colonic response has several components.

The first and most rapid component occurs within a few minutes of distension of the stomach by the meal and is mediated by gastric mechanoreceptors that evoke colonic contraction through a vagally mediated afferent pathway.

A second phase, mediated by chemoreceptors in the small intestine, results in colonic contraction that may last up to two hours after meal ingestion.2 Prolonged manometry3 and barostat studies4 demonstrated that the increase in colonic motility after meals was almost immediate, and subsequently we and others reported that patients with diarrhoea and urgency predominant IBS experienced these symptoms in association with repetitive high amplitude propagated contractions that induce mass movements in the colon.5,6

The third phase of the colonic contraction after the meal results from ileal stimulation by chyme and has been documented best in animals as it occurs 2–6 hours post-meal ingestion,7 a time when humans are often ingesting another meal and stimulating the first two components!

The first two phases of the colonic response to food involve serotonergic pathways: thus, antagonism of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3)) receptor reduces both components of the colonic response to meal ingestion.8

In this issue of Gut , Houghton and colleagues9 provide further support for the role of serotonin in mediating this response [see page 663] . They report increased postprandial serotonin levels in patients with diarrhoea predominant IBS and …
Two Albanians die from black widow spider bites
Authors: Rudina Hoxha
Journal: BMJ (2006)

At least two people have died from spider bites in Albania, as health officials investigate claims that one of the more venomous species of black widow spider has gained a foothold in southern Europe.

Several species of black widow, including Latrodectus tredecimguttatus , are already found around the Mediterranean, but Albanian officials believe that rising temperatures have created the perfect conditions for one of the other widow species.

The Albanian media claim that four people have died in the north of the country after black widow bites, although health officials have so …
Physiologically based assessment of human exposure to urban air pollutants and its significance for public health risk evaluation.
Authors: J J Vostal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Exact measurements or modeling of human exposures to environmental pollutants are of crucial importance for a realistic evaluation of public health risks. Current concepts, however, often use assumptions that result in overly conservative assessments of public health risks. Too frequently the dose of the pollutant retained in the body is approximated by oversimplified predictions assuming that all that is inhaled remains in the organism, that pollutant concentrations in various microenvironments are identical to those recorded by remote monitors, that the residence indicates the site where people spend all their time, and that the urban population is continuously exposed to outdoor air for 24 hr/day and 70 years/lifetime. The review shows that in intermittent exposures only a fraction of inhaled toxicants remains in the body, that pollutant concentrations differ largely from one microenvironment to another, and that human activity patterns must be incorporated in every realistic exposure assessments. Specifically, the probability of being exposed to a short peak of ozone is predetermined in variable urban concentrations primarily by the coincidence of exercising outdoors at the time and site of elevated ozone levels. When combined with a physiologically based exposure evaluation, this probabilistic approach provides a scientifically sound estimate of actual occurrences of adverse exposures and a realistic assessment of potential health hazards.
Doctors versus artists: Gustav Klimt's Medicine
Authors: M. Bitsori
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Was Gustav Klimt the Damien Hirst of his time? The response that greeted some of his paintings certainly made for instant notoriety 

In 1893 Austria's ministry of culture commissioned the artists Gustav Klimt and Franz Matsch to decorate the Great Hall of the University of Vienna.1 The Habsburg empire had entered its final phase, and Vienna, one of Europe's flourishing cultural and scientific centres, was under liberal rule and experiencing a period of industrial expansion and new ideas that was to become known as the Ringstrasse era.1 Ringstrasse, an imposing avenue, encircled the old centre of Vienna, and grand buildings were erected along it.1

#### Summary points

In 1893 Gustav Klimt was commissioned to decorate the University of Vienna with The Triumph of Light over Darkness , a series of paintings representing the university's faculties

Medicine was presented in 1901, scandalously focusing on the powerlessness of the art of healing and ignoring achievements in prevention and cure, at a time when Vienna was leading the world in medicine

The paintings were never fixed to the ceiling of the university's great hall, and in 1943 they were moved for protection to a castle, which was destroyed. All that remains from Medicine are drafts and photographs

Klimt died in 1918 during the influenza pandemic

Gustav Klimt was the second of seven children born to a family of gold engravers who had immigrated to Vienna from Bohemia. In 1876, at the age of 14, he was admitted with distinction to the Kunstgewerbeschule, the public school of arts and crafts. Gustav, his younger brother Ernst, and their friend Franz Matsch were held in high regard by their teachers, who often recommended them for paid work outside the school.2 The three young artists were soon involved in the ambitious Ringstrasse project, decorating the grand …
Canberra legalises cannabis for patients in trials
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The use of cannabis for medical purposes has been legalised for the first time in Australia in the federal capital, Canberra, under controversial circumstances. Under a law passed by the Australian Capital Territory's assembly, patients suffering physical and psychological illnesses can smoke marijuana with the written authorisation of a doctor. Possession of up to 25 g and cultivation of up to five plants will no longer attract a penalty. Police have warned that Canberra will turn into a haven of drug abuse.

Under the …
Clinical features of individuals with PI*SZ phenotype of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Registry Study Group.
Authors: G M Turino, A F Barker, M L Brantly, A B Cohen, R P Connelly, R G Crystal, E Eden, M D Schluchter, J K Stoller
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

This report describes the clinical characteristics of a group of 59 individuals with the PI*SZ phenotype and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) deficiency, identified during recruitment of a registry for subjects with severe alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Currently, 1,129 individuals with levels of alpha 1-AT of 11 microM or below have been enrolled in this registry. Individuals with the SZ phenotype whose alpha 1-AT levels are at or below 11 microM will be followed in the registry; those whose levels exceeded 11 microM had baseline studies and are included in this report. Baseline pulmonary function tests included spirometry before and after an inhaled bronchodilator, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and chest roentgenograms. Among nonsmokers, subjects with the SZ phenotype demonstrated airflow obstruction less frequently than those with with the ZZ phenotype. Among ex- and current smokers, the frequency and severity of airflow obstruction was similar between SZ and ZZ subjects. Individuals with the SZ phenotype reported respiratory symptoms less frequently than did ZZ subjects. Overall, airflow obstruction was less common and milder among PI*SZ than PI*ZZ subjects. Cigarette smoking correlated more strongly with airflow obstruction among PI*SZ than PI*ZZ subjects. These observations indicate that in smokers, the PI*SZ phenotype confers a significant risk of the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Of itself, except in rare instances in nonsmoking individuals, the PI*SZ phenotype may confer little or no added risk of developing COPD.
Multimodal Therapy for Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and Esophagogastric Junction
Authors: Hansjochen Wilke, Ulrich Fink
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

In the Western world the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus has risen markedly in the past three decades. Barrett's specialized columnar-cell metaplasia (Barrett's esophagus), which is the most important predisposing factor, is found in more than 80 percent of patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus.1 Although recent studies indicate that microscopic areas of metaplasia may also occur in true carcinoma of the cardia and subcardial carcinoma,2 the etiology, epidemiology, and pathology of these tumors appear to differ from those of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.3 Adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus often grows submucosally toward the proximal esophagus and spreads . . .
Evoked Response Potentials and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Somatization Disorder
Authors: Leigh James, Andrew Singer, Yvonne Zurynski, Evian Gordon, Claudia Kraiuhin, Anthony Harris, Alan Howson, Russell Meares
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

Somatization disorder (SMD) is a chronic condition characterized by multiple complaints which are not due to any apparent organic illness but frequently involve pain. This study employs computer-aided imaging technologies to examine brain function in thousandths of a second (event-related brain potentials) and over a number of minutes (regional cerebral blood flow). Fourteen patients with SMD and 14 normal controls were investigated. Results from both studies suggest that patients with SMD have a dysfunction in the processes of attention, compared to normal controls.