tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Understanding Corporate Responsibility: Culture and Complicity
Authors: Chris Degeling, Cynthia Townley, Wendy Rogers
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Kipnis's fictional account of the televised treatment of Elaine Robbins clearly shows the surgeon's negligence (Kipnis 2011). The problems with Anodyne's support for the telesurgery breakfast are harder to discern, but show up clearly when we take into consideration how surgical evidence is generated, evaluated, and used by surgeons. Current evidentiary practices in surgery have two major weaknesses, related to the epistemic culture of surgery and to practices of knowledge transmission. We argue that this is a systemic problem, which companies such as Anodyne both contribute to and benefit from. Thus, while we agree with Kipnis's claim that Anodyne is complicit in creating “conditions of danger,” we believe that Anodyne's contributory roles extend beyond creating moral hazards for susceptible surgeons and harms for individual patients. The Epistemic Culture of Surgery By the epistemic culture of surgery, we mean the traditions and practices surrounding the generation, transmission, and uptake of new knowledge in surgery. The traditional research-totreatment pathway starts with a series of clinical trials to test the safety and efficacy of a new drug or device. Such research results are communicated to practitioners via publications in reputable peer-reviewed journals, and used by regulatory bodies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in decisions about whether to approve use of the novel treatment. For several reasons this ideal pathway does not function well in surgery. First, surgery lacks a strong foundation in the kind of evidence that characterizes evidence-based medicine (EBM). The best evidence requires results generated by rigorous research such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs), or syntheses of such trials in systematic reviews. Mounting RCTs in surgery is more difficult than RCTs involving drugs. Not only do surgeons provide interventions that are inherently more open to variation than a relatively straightforward prescribing regime, but outcomes may be affected by a range of factors including operating theatres, team composition, postoperative care, and so forth. There are further reasons for surgery's weak evidence base arising from methodological and ethical issues unique to surgical research: difficulties with control groups or blinding; justifying the harms intrinsic to sham surgery in surgical RCTs; and problems of equipoise. Equipoise requires that the investigator be genuinely uncertain as to the merits of two candidate treatments, but is difficult to achieve because the typical orientation of surgeons “characterized by confidence and decisiveness” fits poorly with admitting uncertainty about treatment options (Miller and Brody 2003, 554). The literature reflects these difficulties: Only 3.4%
Urticaria From Contact With Pentachlorophenate
Authors: Paul M. Kentor
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Sodium pentachlorophenate has wide usage as a wood preservative, herbicide, fungicide, molluscicide, and weed killer.1To my knowledge, no major reference on contact dermatitis, toxicology, dermatology, allergy, or urticaria mentions urticaria being induced by contact with pentachlorophenate.1-7This report shows that urticaria can result from handling pentachlorophenate.  Report of a Case.—  A 39-year-old man has had occupational exposure (five days per week) to pentachlorophenate for nine years. His job involves scooping pentachlorophenate into a pail. In early 1986, he developed daily, diffuse urticaria, including angioedema of the hands. He realized that the urticaria began about four hours after handling pentachlorophenate.  Following his initial evaluation, the patient was instructed to take a two-week vacation from work. During his vacation, the patient had no urticaria or angioedema. While still on vacation, the patient came to my office for a challenge with pentachlorophenate. He had fasted for 12
Do different patients with coeliac disease have different mortality rates?
Authors: Federico Biagi, Gino Roberto Corazza
Journal: Gut (2014)

Although mortality of patients with coeliac disease has being studied for >25 years, it is not yet clear whether it is higher than in the general population. In the first years after the diagnosis of coeliac disease, some studies showed a definitely increased mortality rate that, however, decreases over time. On the other hand, other studies showed that this was not always the case (reviewed in ref 1). All these studies are difficult to compare because they differ widely from each other for epidemiological and clinical reasons. To explain these apparently contrasting results, we suggested that mortality rates were different because patients with coeliac disease were different, especially regarding the type of clinical presentation and age at diagnosis of coeliac disease. We also hypothesised that the quantity of gluten consumed before the diagnosis of coeliac disease could have a role in inducing complications and thus influencing mortality rate.1

In the last few years, mortality of patients with coeliac disease was the focus of studies that were not based on clinically collected patients with coeliac disease but on data from patients with coeliac disease recorded in massive databases. The study by Sultan et al 2 is one of them. This and other studies …
Electrophysiological effects of ethmozin on canine myocardium
Authors: R. RUFFY, L. V. ROZENSHTRAUKH, V. ELHARRAR, D. P. ZIPES
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

The electrophysiological effects of ethmozin on canine myocardium were studied in anaesthetised open-chest animals and in superfused Purkinje fibres. The drug did not change spontaneous sinus node cycle length and atrioventricular conduction time when selectively injected into the sinus nodal artery and into the posterior septal artery, respectively. Right and left ventricular diastolic excitability threshold and refractory period were increased following the intravenous administration of ethmozin, 4 mg·kg−1. Ethmozin (3 to 5 mg·kg −1 i.v.) markedly increased conduction delay in the ischaemic zone of the left ventricle during acute coronary artery occlusion. This change was associated with the development of ventricular fibrillation in 50% of the dogs. In vitro, ethmozin 1 × 10−3 and 1 × 10 −2 g·litre−1 shortened Purkinje fibres' action potential duration. At 1 × 10 −2 g·litre−1, ethmozin decreased the rate of rise of phase 0, and slightly reduced action potential amplitude.
A fat chance of slimming
Authors: R. Ferner
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Christmas is coming, and we are all getting fat. An observational study by the late Robert Turner’s group found that everyone gained weight over Christmas.1 This may not have been a surprise for BMJ readers circa 1946, who would have found a recipe for Christmas pudding that included 6 lb each of suet, raisins, and currants; 48 eggs; one bottle of brandy and one of port—and enough flour, sugar, candied peel, and chopped almonds for a whole episode of the Great British Bake Off .2 Perhaps for fear that readers could not assemble the ingredients first time round (rationing …
Health Education on the Six-O'Clock News
Authors: Ronald M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Prepackaged video news releases are being increasingly used to motivate television stations to cover stories in medicine and public health in their news programs. On Feb 26,1987, the Office on Smoking and Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, distributed a prepackaged video news release to television stations across the country, calling attention to the new health warnings required on smokeless tobacco packages and advertisements. The video was sent by satellite as well as by overnight mail to selected stations. To assess the use of the video, we surveyed 76 stations that had been targeted by special intervention. These stations were in major metropolitan areas in states with a higher prevalence of smokeless tobacco use. Seventeen (22.4%) of the stations aired the story using our video during the six days following the satellite feed, reaching an estimated 2.8 million households. Another 20 stations reported that they were holding the video for use in the near future or for file footage. We conclude that the distribution of prepackaged video news stories can be an effective, relatively inexpensive technique to communicate health information to a large audience. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:1036-1038)
Lack of association between ankylosing spondylitis and a functional polymorphism of PTPN22 proposed as a general susceptibility marker for autoimmunity
Authors: G Orozco
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common chronic rheumatic disease whose aetiology arises as a result of the contribution of environmental factors and a strong genetic component.1 One crucial point in the pathogenesis of the disease is the regulation of T cell response.2 Recently, it has been shown that the functional 1858 C/T polymorphism of PTPN22 , the gene that encodes a lymphoid-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), is associated with several autoimmune diseases (ADs), supporting the hypothesis that common aetiopathological pathways are shared by different ADs.3 LYP has a key role as a negative regulator of T cell activation.4 It seems that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 1858 C/T disrupts the interaction …
Mice deficient in the St3gal3 gene product α2,3 sialyltransferase (ST3Gal-III) exhibit enhanced allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation
Authors: Takumi Kiwamoto, Mary E. Brummet, Fan Wu, Mary G. Motari, David F. Smith, Ronald L. Schnaar, Zhou Zhu, Bruce S. Bochner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Increasing pericardial effusion in cardiac transplant recipients.
Authors: H A Valantine, S A Hunt, R Gibbons, M E Billingham, E B Stinson, R L Popp
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Although pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery is frequent and usually benign, its etiology and prognosis after cardiac transplantation are unknown. During 1 year (1985-1986), 12 of our current transplant population (total, 189) developed moderate or large pericardial effusions confirmed by two-dimensional echocardiography. These effusions occurred within 1 month of transplantation in 10 patients and at 3 months and 4.5 years in the other two. Pericardiocentesis was performed because of clinical evidence of increasing effusions in eight patients, with demonstrable hemodynamic compromise secondary to tamponade in five. Pericardial fluid was sterile in all but one. Endomyocardial biopsy at the time of increasing effusion revealed moderate acute rejection in five patients, mild rejection in three, and no rejection in four. All three patients with mild rejection had moderate acute rejection on subsequent biopsy performed within 7 days. In two of the four with no rejection, repeat biopsy within 5 days showed moderate acute rejection; in a third, moderate rejection was present on biopsy performed 14 days later. Legionella dumoffii was isolated from the pericardial fluid of the fourth patient, whose subsequent biopsies never showed rejection. Three of the 12 patients developed progressive ventricular dysfunction sufficiently severe to require retransplantation. One patient died suddenly 12 months after transplantation, and autopsy examination revealed severe coronary artery disease. Two died of sepsis within 3 months of transplantation. Intense inflammatory infiltrates and thickening of the pericardium and epicardium were characteristically present in explanted and autopsy hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Incidence of Crohn's disease in Cardiff between 1934-1977.
Authors: J Mayberry, J Rhodes, L E Hughes
Journal: Gut (1979)

The incidence of Crohn9s disease in Cardiff between 1934 and 1977 has been examined using hospital diagnostic indices and supplemented in recent years by personal records from clinicians. A total of 232 cases of Crohn9s disease were confirmed after all the notes had been reviewed. There has been a large increase from 0.18/cases/10(5) of the population per year in the 1930s to 4.8 cases/10(5)/year in the 1970s. The major change in incidence is thought to be real rather than apparent and involves all forms of the disease in each age group. The recognition of Crohn9s disease of the colon in recent years appears to have played a minor part in the rise in incidence.
Endothelium independent relaxation of human coronary arteries by 17 -oestradiol in vitro
Authors: A. Mugge, M. Riedel, M. Barton, M. Kuhn, P. R Lichtlen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Endothelium independent relaxation of human coronary arteries by 17β-oestradiol in vitro Get access Andreas Mügge, Andreas Mügge Division of Cardiology, Hannover Medical School, Konstanty-Gutschowstr 8, H-30625 Hannover, Germany: A Mügge, M Riedel, M Barton, P R Lichten; Peptide Research Institute, Hannover, Germany: M Kuhn. Correspondence to Dr Mügge. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Matthias Riedel, Matthias Riedel Division of Cardiology, Hannover Medical School, Konstanty-Gutschowstr 8, H-30625 Hannover, Germany: A Mügge, M Riedel, M Barton, P R Lichten; Peptide Research Institute, Hannover, Germany: M Kuhn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Matthias Barton, Matthias Barton Division of Cardiology, Hannover Medical School, Konstanty-Gutschowstr 8, H-30625 Hannover, Germany: A Mügge, M Riedel, M Barton, P R Lichten; Peptide Research Institute, Hannover, Germany: M Kuhn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michaela Kuhn, Michaela Kuhn Division of Cardiology, Hannover Medical School, Konstanty-Gutschowstr 8, H-30625 Hannover, Germany: A Mügge, M Riedel, M Barton, P R Lichten; Peptide Research Institute, Hannover, Germany: M Kuhn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul R Lichtlen Paul R Lichtlen Division of Cardiology, Hannover Medical School, Konstanty-Gutschowstr 8, H-30625 Hannover, Germany: A Mügge, M Riedel, M Barton, P R Lichten; Peptide Research Institute, Hannover, Germany: M Kuhn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 11, November 1993, Pages 1939–1942, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.11.1939 Published: 01 November 1993 Article history Received: 13 April 1993 Accepted: 17 June 1993 Published: 01 November 1993
Characteristics of reflection as a mechanism of reentrant arrhythmias and its relationship to parasystole.
Authors: C Antzelevitch, J Jalife, G K Moe
Journal: Circulation (1980)

A model of "reflection" was developed in a sucrose gap preparation of Purkinje fibers. In this preparation, a driven impulse on the proximal side of a sucrose gap is electrotonically transmitted after a delay to the tissue distal to the gap. When the delay is long enough, electrotonic transmission in the reverse direction over the same blocked segment can reexcite the proximal segment. Frequency-dependent alterations of patterns of ectopic activity were qualitatively similar to those of a parasystolic model and to those described in previous in vivo demonstrations presumed to represent circus movement reentry. Moderate changes of frequency or in the degree of block were shown to convert a manifest bigeminal rhythm to a trigeminal or more complex rhythm with or without intervening periods of silence. Our observations suggest that reflection and parasystolic pacemaker activity are examples of a continuous spectrum of ectopic impulse generation.
ELEVATION OF PROPERDIN LEVELS IN MICE FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES
Authors: Maurice Landy, Louis Pillemer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

The administration of a single small dose of bacterial lipopolysaccharide produces in mice a considerable rise in properdin levels. This is accompanied by an early, transient, non-specific increase in resistance to certain bacterial infections. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides were shown to possess far greater activity than other substances previously studied in bringing about an elevation of properdin levels. After the injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, high molecular weight substances appear in the circulation, which interfere with the combination of properdin with zymosan and thus affect the assay of properdin. The administration of small amounts of bacterial lipopolysaccharides to mice at appropriate times before experimental infection "conditions" the mice so that they maintain normal or elevated properdin titers during the infectious process in contrast to control mice which show a progressive decline in properdin to low levels and death. The significance of this observation and its relationship to natural resistance to Gram-negative pathogens are considered.
ADAPTATIONS OF ENERGY METABOLISM IN THE CULTIVATED MACROPHAGE
Authors: Lawrence M. Simon, Stanton G. Axline, Barry R. Horn, Eugene D. Robin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Adaptive changes in energy metabolism, as reflected by pyruvate kinase and cytochrome oxidase activities, were examined during in vitro differentiation of the cultivated macrophage. Serum concentrations of tissue culture media, which directly influence endocytic activity, and ambient oxygen tension were both shown to influence pyruvate kinase and cytochrome oxidase activities. Cells maintained in high serum concentrations (30% newborn calf serum [NBCS]) exhibited a 300-400% increase in pyruvate kinase activity and a 40% increase in cytochrome oxidase activity, whereas cells maintained in low serum concentrations (2% NBCS) exhibited a lesser increase (65%) in pyruvate kinase activity and no change in cytochrome oxidase activity. Anaerobiosis resulted in additional alterations in pyruvate kinase and cytochrome oxidase activities. Cells maintained for 48-72 h under anaerobic conditions exhibited a 500-600% increase in pyruvate kinase activity and a 40% decrease in cytochrome oxidase activity. Increased pyruvate kinase activity was dependent on continued protein synthesis. Enzyme increases occurred in anaerobically cultured cells despite an overall reduction in cell protein synthesis. It is suggested that adaptive changes in pyruvate kinase and cytochrome oxidase activity resulting from alterations in either serum concentration or ambient oxygen tension are regulated by two independent mechanisms. One mechanism is aimed at providing energy for endocytic activity and the other in compensating for impaired oxidative metabolism during anaerobiosis.
<i>Woman With Child</i>
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Acts Downstream of CD2 and the CD2AP and PSTPIP1 Adaptors to Promote Formation of the Immunological Synapse
Authors: Karen Badour, Jinyi Zhang, Fabio Shi, Mary K.H McGavin, Vik Rampersad, Lynne A Hardy, Deborah Field, Katherine A Siminovitch
Journal: Immunity (2003)
Ethical use of covert videoing techniques in detecting Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
Authors: D M Foreman, C Farsides
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Munchausen syndrome by proxy is an especially malignant form of child abuse in which the carer (usually the mother) fabricates or exacerbates illness in the child to obtain medical attention. It can result in serious illness and even death of the child and it is difficult to detect. Some investigators have used video to monitor the carer9s interaction with the child without obtaining consent--covert videoing. The technique presents several ethical problems, including exposure of the child to further abuse and a breach of trust between carer, child, and the professionals. Although covert videoing can be justified in restricted circumstances, new abuse procedures under the Children Act now seem to make its use unethical in most cases. Sufficient evidence should mostly be obtained from separation of the child and carer or videoing with consent to enable action to be taken to protect the child under an assessment order. If the new statutory instruments prove ineffective in Munchausen syndrome by proxy covert videoing may need to be re-evaluated.
Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction and perinatal exposure to antiretroviral nucleoside analogues
Authors: Stéphane Blanche, Marc Tardieu, Pierre Rustin, Abdelhamid Slama, Béatrice Barret, Ghislaine Firtion, Nicole Ciraru-Vigneron, Catherine Lacroix, Christine Rouzioux, Laurent Mandelbrot, Isabelle Desguerre, Agnès Rötig, Marie-Jeanne Mayaux, Jean-Francois Delfraissy
Journal: The Lancet (1999)
Insulin-like growth factor receptor cooperates with integrin alpha v beta 5 to promote tumor cell dissemination in vivo.
Authors: P C Brooks, R L Klemke, S Schon, J M Lewis, M A Schwartz, D A Cheresh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Tumor cell interactions with adhesion proteins and growth factors likely contribute to the metastatic cascade. Evidence is provided that insulin or insulin-like growth factor-mediated signals cooperate with the commonly expressed integrin alpha v beta 5 to promote spontaneous pulmonary metastasis of multiple tumor cell types in both the chick embryo and severe combined immune deficiency mouse/human chimeric models. Expression of alpha v beta 5 in tumor cells promoted their adhesion to vitronectin in vitro. However, cell motility required cytokine stimulation, which caused redistribution of alpha-actinin to membrane-adhesive sites containing alpha v beta 5. Significantly, ligation of alpha v beta 5 and cytokine receptors were both required for spontaneous pulmonary metastasis of multiple tumor types even though it was not necessary for primary tumor growth. Thus, tumor cell metastasis can be regulated by a functional cooperation between cytokine signaling events and the adhesion receptor alpha v beta 5 in a manner independent of tumor cell growth. These findings provide evidence that integrin ligation, in conjunction with cytokine activation, plays an important role in the dissemination of malignant tumor cells.