tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation to Aid Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Infants and Children
Authors: Ravi R. Thiagarajan, Peter C. Laussen, Peter T. Rycus, Robert H. Bartlett, Susan L. Bratton
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to support cardiorespiratory function during pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We report on outcomes and predictors of in-hospital mortality after ECMO used to support CPR (E-CPR).Outcomes for patients aged <18 years using E-CPR were analyzed with data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization, and predictors of in-hospital mortality were determined. Of 26,242 ECMO uses reported, 695 (2.6%) were for E-CPR (n=682 patients). Survival to hospital discharge was 38%. In a multivariable model, pre-ECMO factors such as cardiac disease (odds ratio [OR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31 to 0.82) and neonatal respiratory disease (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.66), white race (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.94), and pre-ECMO arterial blood pH >7.17 (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.84) were associated with decreased odds of mortality. During ECMO, renal dysfunction (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.03), pulmonary hemorrhage (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.11 to 4.50), neurological injury (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.55 to 5.02), CPR during ECMO (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.42 to 6.58), and arterial blood pH <7.2 (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.23 to 4.06) were associated with increased odds of mortality.ECMO used to support CPR rescued one third of patients in whom death was otherwise certain. Patient diagnosis, absence of severe metabolic acidosis before ECMO support, and uncomplicated ECMO course were associated with improved survival.
Renal Denervation for the Treatment of Cardiovascular High Risk-Hypertension or Beyond?
Authors: Michael Böhm, Dominik Linz, Christian Ukena, Murray Esler, Felix Mahfoud
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Hypertension imposes a major burden of morbidity and mortality and is associated with sympathetic nervous system overactivity. Renal sympathetic denervation has been shown to reduce office blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure, and sympathetic activity in patients with resistant hypertension. Therefore, the procedure has attracted a lot of attention. Beyond blood pressure, renal denervation has been shown to improve glucose tolerance, microalbuminuria, and arrhythmias in several experimental models and, in admittedly, often uncontrolled clinical studies. It has been demonstrated to reduce myocardial hypertrophy in a blood pressure–independent and blood pressure–dependent way. The first studies on heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction are ongoing. Renal sympathetic denervation holds promise for future indications in hypertension and related comorbidities and consequences, such as metabolic disease, renal failure, and heart failure. Published data in a placebo-control blinded study, however, are needed. The aim of this review is to provide a critical and comprehensive overview of heretofore generated data on renal denervation in experimental models, in human hypertension, and on early developments in new indications, which should indicate the way to powered and performed, controlled clinical studies appropriately.
Vitamin D deficiency and the asthma epidemic
Authors: S O Shaheen
Journal: Thorax (2008)

The enthusiastic editorial by Weiss and Litonjua ( Thorax 2007; 62 :745–6) may have left some readers with the impression that a single cause of the rise in asthma, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease and type 1 diabetes in the West has now been discovered, namely vitamin D deficiency, and that primary prevention of asthma and autoimmune disease is just around the corner. Indeed, their bold conclusion portrays vitamin D supplementation as a likely panacea for many ills worldwide.

Weiss and Litonjua argue that …
Ly49H signaling through DAP10 is essential for optimal natural killer cell responses to mouse cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Mark T. Orr, Joseph C. Sun, David G.T. Hesslein, Hisashi Arase, Joseph H. Phillips, Toshiyuki Takai, Lewis L. Lanier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

The activating natural killer (NK) cell receptor Ly49H recognizes the mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) m157 glycoprotein expressed on the surface of infected cells and is required for protection against MCMV. Although Ly49H has previously been shown to signal via DAP12, we now show that Ly49H must also associate with and signal via DAP10 for optimal function. In the absence of DAP12, DAP10 enables Ly49H-mediated killing of m157-bearing target cells, proliferation in response to MCMV infection, and partial protection against MCMV. DAP10-deficient Ly49H+ NK cells, expressing only Ly49H–DAP12 receptor complexes, are partially impaired in their ability to proliferate during MCMV infection, display diminished ERK1/2 activation, produce less IFN-γ upon Ly49H engagement, and demonstrate reduced control of MCMV infection. Deletion of both DAP10 and DAP12 completely abrogates Ly49H surface expression and control of MCMV infection. Thus, optimal NK cell–mediated immunity to MCMV depends on Ly49H signaling through both DAP10 and DAP12.
Abstract 1645: The phosphorylation status of BAD pathway influence to chemo-sensitivity
Authors: Hye Sook Chon, Douglas C. Marchion, Yin Xiong, Ning Chen, Elona Bicaku, Sachin Apte, Robert Wenham, Johnathan M. Lancaster
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objective: Patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer have a poor prognosis in part due to lack of efficacy of currently available chemotherapies and incomplete understanding of the biology that underlies chemo-response. In the current study we used genomic expression data to identify molecular signaling pathways associated with endometrial cancer cell resistance to cisplatin, doxorubicin chemotherapy and further characterized the role of the BAD apoptosis pathway as a therapeutic target and determinant of chemo-response. Methods: Eight endometrial cell lines were subject to genome-wide expression analysis using Affymetrix HG-U133Plus GeneChips and in parallel, ranked by relative sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin using MTS cell proliferation assays. Gene array data from sensitive versus resistant cell lines was compared by student's t-test and Pearson's correlation to identify those genes associated with drug resistance and further evaluated by GeneGo Metacore software for representation of molecular signaling pathways. Furthermore, the role of the BAD pathway in chemo-resistance was evaluated by selective inhibition of BAD pathway members, PKA, PP2C, AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3 by siRNA or pharmacologic agents in the presence and absence of cisplatin. Cell death and growth arrest in the presence of cisplatin were evaluated by Western blot for PARP cleavage as well as nuclear condensation and fragmentation and MTS assays. Results: Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation identified the expression of 325 and 1136 genes to be associated with cisplatin (p&amp;lt;0.01) and doxorubicin (p&amp;lt;0.01) resistance, respectively. Pathway analysis of genes associated with both cisplatin and doxorubicin resistance indicated significant representation of the BAD apoptosis pathway (p&amp;lt;0.002). Selective depletion of the phosphatase, PP2C by siRNA resulted in increased phosphorylation of BAD, serine 118 and increased resistance to cisplatin induced cell growth arrest and cell death. In contrast, depletion of the kinase, PKA resulted in decreased phosphorylation of BAD, serine 118 and increased cell death in the presence of cisplatin. In addition, depletion of AKT1 using siRNA as wells as treatment of cells with the AKT inhibitor, triciribine, increased cisplatin-induced growth arrest and cell death, whereas depletion of AKT2 or AKT3 did not affect cisplatin sensitivity. Conclusions: The phosphorylation status BAD may influence endometrial cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and represents a compelling target for future therapeutic development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1645.
FEDERATION LICENSING EXAMINATION (FLEX)
Authors: Leo T. Heywood
Journal: JAMA (1968)

ThisState Board Numberprepared by the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical Association contains a vast amount of important statistical information. Because of the meticulous manner in which the material is presented, it is regarded as an authoritative source of licensure information. We wish to commend the Council for excellence of authorship, and to express our hope that they will continue this vital service. This year, the Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States, Inc., took a most significant forward step in unanimously adopting the Federation Licensing Examination (FLEX). This may well become the most outstanding contribution to medicine by the boards of Medical Examiners. The Examination Institute Committee spent approximately five years studying the problem of producing tests for its member boards which would satisfy the following objectives: (1) uniformity in licensing examinations, (2) establishment of equivalent levels in the examinations, (3) improvement of
TYPES OF INSOMNIA AND TREATMENT WITHOUT DRUGS.
Authors: JAMES T. FISHER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Conspicuous among the disorders which play a prominent rôle in undermining our health and destroying our peace of mind are the various types of insomnia and pathologic sleep. Physiologic sleep is simply a period of resting for all our organs, their functions being markedly lowered, central control diminished, and changes of reconstruction occurring in our nervous equilibrium. The nervous patient sleeps badly, but the nature of the insomnia varies in many ways. Some go to sleep the moment they lie down, only to awake an hour or two later, to toss throughout the night, and possibly to doze off at the hour when they should awake. Others sleep well till the first peep of day, rising ill-humored and cross, having lost two of their nine hours' sleep. Some patients apparently never sleep and remain calm and comfortable the entire night, get very restless and provoked, get up and walk around
Functional Compartmentation of Endothelial P2Y Receptor Signaling
Authors: Robert A. Kaiser, Brian C. Oxhorn, Gracie Andrews, Iain L.O. Buxton
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

The presence of multiple receptors for disparate nucleotides on endothelial cells makes it unclear how the endothelium differentiates among these signals. We propose that endothelial P2Y receptors are organized into cholesterol-rich signaling domains, such as caveolae and respond to nucleotide agonists by mobilizing intracellular calcium. Treatment of endothelial cells with 5 mmol/L β-methyl-cyclodextrin prevents calcium release in response to the nucleotide receptor agonists 2-methylthio-ATP, ATP, ADP, and UTP, but not the kinin receptor agonist bradykinin, suggesting that depletion of membrane cholesterol disrupts signaling at P2Y receptors and that bradykinin receptors are not prelocalized to cholesterol microdomains in these cells. Direct measurement of cholesterol content after β-methyl-cyclodextrin treatment of aortic rings reveals a concentration-dependent depletion of cholesterol that parallels functional antagonism of P2Y-mediated relaxation. Nucleotide- and bradykinin-mediated relaxation is disrupted by 5 to 15 mmol/L β -methyl-cyclodextrin treatment or 1 to 10 μg/mL filipin III in a concentration-dependent fashion. Norepinephrine contracted aorta treated with A23187 relaxes in an endothelium-dependent fashion despite depletion of 84% of membrane-extractable cholesterol. These data indicate that in the basal state, P2Y receptors but not the kinin receptor may be compartmented to cholesterol-dependent signaling domains in guinea pig endothelium and that cholesterol-rich microdomains in these cells can respond to intracellular calcium in an agonist-specific manner. We suggest that the functional organization of cholesterol-rich signaling microdomains allows agonist-specific responses to increases in intracellular calcium and that this property may be a general phenomenon that permits cells to respond disparately to agonists that may signal through common calcium release pathways.
Case 28-1973
Authors: Emil Frei, Gerald Nash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Presentation of CaseA 51-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of weakness.Twenty-five years previously she began to drink alcohol in excess and withdrew into a paranoid state with auditory hallucinations. Fourteen years before admission Wernicke's encephalopathy developed, and she stopped the ingestion of alcohol. Ten years before admission exophthalmos and a goiter were found. The protein-bound iodine was 17.3 μg per 100 ml, and the 24-hour thyroidal uptake of radioiodine was 89 per cent. With a treatment dose of radioiodine the thyroid function reverted to normal, although exophthalmos persisted. Two years before entry a tuberculin skin test . . .
Higher spending in Scotland fails to deliver better outcomes
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Health outcomes in Scotland have shown no improvement over those in England despite higher spending and almost a third more staff, reports an analysis of NHS performance.

Spending in Scotland per head of population is the highest in the United Kingdom and in recent years has run 12% to 16% higher than in England. Scotland has argued for extra resources because of its higher death rates, high levels of deprivation, and scattered population.

The report from the Centre for Public Policy in the Regions (CPPR) and the auditors KPMG, however, found no evidence that this extra money has delivered better outcomes or higher …
THE SECTION ON RADIOLOGY
Authors: FRED M. HODGES
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Highly technical papers should, I believe, be read before special societies and published in our two national publications. The papers of this section should be published byThe Journal, where they will get the greatest circulation and will be of the greatest educational value.The Journalwants papers on subjects which are of general interest and feels that highly technical papers which are only of interest to specially trained radiologists should be published elsewhere. It must not be forgotten that the majority of medical men who graduated more than ten years ago and many who have graduated since that time are surprisingly unfamiliar with the value of the x-rays in the diagnosis and treatment of many conditions familiar to the radiologist. The Radiological Society, the American Roentgen Ray Society and the American College of Radiology do not have the opportunity of putting our work before the general medical profession as
Prevention of nosocomial maxillary sinusitis in the ICU: the effects of topically applied α-adrenergic agonists and corticosteroids
Authors: Ioannis Pneumatikos, Dimitrios Konstantonis, Iraklis Tsagaris, Vasiliki Theodorou, Georgios Vretzakis, Vasilios Danielides, Demosthenes Bouros
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2006)
Pitfalls in Multimodality Imaging in a Patient Undergoing Evaluation for Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: DONALD A. PODOLOFF, E EDMUND KIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Autologous bone marrow transplantation is being offered with increasing frequency as a therapeutic alternative to patients who have failed conventional chemotherapy. Presently, these patients are being evaluated with a variety of imaging modalities, including planar radiographs, nuclear bone and bone marrow scans, and CT and magnetic resonance imaging. A case is presented here that demonstrates potential pitfalls encountered in this multimodality approach. Correlation of imaging findings with patients history and clinical findings is essential for optimal interpretation of functional imaging modalities.
Response of Plasma Histaminase Activity to Small Doses of Heparin in Normal Subjects and Patients with Hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: Stephen B. Baylin, Michael A. Beaven, Ronald M. Krauss, Harry R. Keiser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The release of histaminase activity in plasma after small intravenous of heparin was studied in 85 normal subjects and patients. In normal subjects, plasma histaminase activity (basal level, 1.7+/-0.1 U/ml, mean +/-SEM) increased 1.6+/-0.2 U/ml after 10 U of heparin/kg, 8.5+/-2.4 U/ml after 20 U/kg, and 33+/-4.9 U/ml after 75 U/kg. The extent of the increase varied widely among individuals but in a particular individual the response was constant and dose-dependent. Histaminase activity rose to peak levels within 7-15 min and then declined exponentially with a half-life of 40-120 min. This pattern of response was also observed in two patients with the histaminase-producing tumor, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. A significantly reduced response was observed, however, in 14 patients with type I hyperlipoproteinemia, a disorder in which high plasma triglyceride levels are associated with low postheparin plasma lipolytic activity. After 10 U heparin/kg, plasma histamine activity increased 0.5+/-0.2 U/ml, and after 75 U heparin/kg, 10.9+/-5.6 U/ml. In contrast, in 27 patients with other types of hyperlipoproteinemia in whom postheparin lipolytic activity was normal, the increase (2.4+/-0.6 U/ml) in plasma histaminase activity after 10 U heparin/kg was not significantly different from that of normal subjects. The reduced response of the plasma histaminase activity to heparin in patients with type I hyperlipoproteinemia did not appear to be due to the presence of lipemia or to an inhibitor of the enzyme in plasma. These findings suggest that many patients with type I hyperlipoproteinemia may have deficient release of both lipolytic and histaminase activities into plasma after heparin administration.
Educational Attainment and Racial Differences in Cigarette Smoking
Authors: L. G. Escobedo, B.-P. Zhu, G. A. Giovino, M. P. Eriksen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Educational Attainment and Racial Differences in Cigarette Smoking Get access Luis G. Escobedo, Luis G. Escobedo * Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human ServicesAtlanta, GA *Correspondence to : Luis G. Escobedo, M.D., M.P.H., Mail Stop K-50, Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, Atlanta, GA 30341–3724. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bao-Ping Zhu, Bao-Ping Zhu Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human ServicesAtlanta, GA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary A. Giovino, Gary A. Giovino Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human ServicesAtlanta, GA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael P. Eriksen Michael P. Eriksen Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human ServicesAtlanta, GA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 20, 18 October 1995, Page 1552, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.20.1552 Published: 18 October 1995 Article history Received: 02 May 1995 Revision received: 31 July 1995 Accepted: 09 August 1995 Published: 18 October 1995
Discovery of "essential receptor" on red blood cells raises hope of effective malaria vaccine
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Researchers have identified a single receptor on the surface of red blood cells on which the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum relies to invade the cells. It is hoped that the discovery will lead to the development of the first fully effective vaccine against this or any other parasite.

The stage of the Plasmodium lifecycle when the parasite invades human erythrocytes is the stage that is responsible for the symptoms of malaria and mortality, so vaccine researchers have been targeting the erythrocyte entry mechanism for years.

Several receptors on the surface of the erythrocyte that interact with ligands on the merozoite, the …
The Ebola Emergency — Immediate Action, Ongoing Strategy
Authors: Jeremy J. Farrar, Peter Piot
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The 25th known outbreak of Ebola virus infection is unlike any of the previous epidemics. It has already killed over 2800 people — more than all previous epidemics combined; it's affecting virtually the entire territory of three countries, involving rural areas, major urban centers, and capital cities; it has been going on for almost a year; and it is occurring in West Africa, where no Ebola outbreak had previously occurred. Above all, the epidemic seems out of control and has evolved into a major humanitarian crisis that has finally mobilized the world, with responses ranging from an emergency health mission . . .