tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Staging of Gastric Cancer with Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Authors: M. Kida, S. Tanabe, M. Watanabe, M. Kokutou, I. Kondou, Y. Yamada, T. Sakaguchi, K. Saigenji
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Since it was found that the gastrointestinal wall is visualized as a five-layered structure corresponding to the histological layers of the wall, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has become recognized clinically as the most accurate method for diagnosing and assessing the local staging of gastric cancer. However, some problems have remained, including how to differentiate between cancer invasion and ulcer fibrosis, how to detect microinvasion, and how to recognize malignant lymph nodes. Using the pattern analysis for depressed-type gastric cancer, it is usually possible to distinguish between cancer invasion and ulcer fibrosis, except in cases of microinvasion into ulcer fibrosis or inadequate scanning. However, the sensitivity of EUS for evaluating metastatic lymph nodes is still problematic. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for early gastric cancer has been widely accepted as a standard treatment in Japan due to its minimal invasiveness. According to our data, the overall rate of radical resection was 68.3% (168 of 246), and 31.7% of the remaining patients additionally received laser treatment, surgery, or heater-probe treatment. There were no deaths owing to gastric cancer. Some lesions in which there was microinvasion of the submucosa were incorrectly diagnosed by EUS. It may be possible to solve this problem using three-dimensional EUS (3D-EUS) in the near future.
A20 Protects From CD40-CD40 Ligand-Mediated Endothelial Cell Activation and Apoptosis
Authors: Christopher R. Longo, Maria B. Arvelo, Virendra I. Patel, Soizic Daniel, Jerome Mahiou, Shane T. Grey, Christiane Ferran
Journal: Circulation (2003)

CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) signaling is a potent activator of endothelial cells (ECs) and promoter of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigate whether A20 (a gene we have shown to be antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic in ECs) can protect from CD40/CD40L-mediated EC activation.Overexpression of CD40, in a transient transfection system, activates the transcription factor NF-kappaB and upregulates IkappaBalpha, E-selectin, and tissue factor (TF) reporter activity. Coexpression of A20 inhibits NF-kappaB and upregulation of IkappaBalpha and E-Selectin but not TF, suggesting that CD40 induces TF in a non-NF-kappaB-dependent manner. In human coronary artery ECs (HCAECs), adenovirus-mediated overexpression of A20 blocks physiological, CD40-induced activation of NF-kappaB, upstream of IkappaBalpha degradation (Western blot) and subsequently upregulation of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin (flow cytometry). Although A20 does not block TF transcription its expression in HCAECs inhibits TF induction (colorimetric assay and RT-PCR) by blunting CD40 upregulation. We demonstrate that CD40 signaling induces apoptosis in a proinflammatory microenvironment. A20 overexpression protects from CD40-mediated EC apoptosis (DNA content analysis and trypan blue exclusion). We also demonstrate that signaling through CD40L activates NF-kappaB and induces apoptosis in ECs, both of which are inhibited by A20 overexpression.A20 works at multiple levels to protect ECs from CD40/CD40L mediated activation and apoptosis. A20-based therapy could be beneficial for the treatment of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and transplant-associated vasculopathy.
The Ly phenotype of suppressor T cells arising in mice subjected to a graft-versus-host reaction.
Authors: K Pickel, M K Hoffmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

T cells with helper and suppressor functions arising during graft-versus-host reaction (B6 vs. BDF1) have been characterized with respect to their Ly surface antigens. Helper cells were found to express the phenotype Ly 1+2- and suppressor cells the phenotype Ly 1+2+. Ly 1-2+ T cells had no suppressive effect in this system. T cells of the host did not contribute to either activity.
Researchers stand by diuretics as first line treatment for hypertension
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Researchers who have completed a 10 year follow up of the ALLHAT study say that they stand by their original conclusion that diuretics are as effective as other, more expensive options for treating hypertension and should be used as the first line treatment.

The original ALLHAT (antihypertensive and lipid lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial) study caused some controversy when it concluded that an older cheap drug might do as well as, and may actually be better than, newer and more expensive antihypertensive drugs ( JAMA 2002;288:2981-97, doi:10.1001/jama.288.23.2981).

In the original double blind trial 42 000 participants were randomised to initial treatment with one of four classes of drug then in use: the α adrenoceptor blocker doxazosin, the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor lisinopril, the calcium channel blocker amlodipine, and the thiazide diuretic chlortalidone.

The doxazosin arm was stopped after three …
A phase II trial of farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor SCH 66336, given by twice-daily oral administration, in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan
Authors: S. Sharma, N. Kemeny, D.P. Kelsen, D. Ilson, E. O’Reilly, S. Zaknoen, C. Baum, P. Statkevich, E. Hollywood, Y. Zhu, L.B. Saltz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)
Why is peptic ulcer now a disease?
Authors: H Spiro
Journal: Gut (1994)

<b>Objective.</b> To identify predictors for postgraduate matching success. <b>Methods.</b> In April 2014, a survey was distributed to students at five schools of pharmacy in the United States assessing organizational involvement, research and work experience, postgraduation plans, match status, and demographics. <b>Results.</b> Five hundred seventy-seven students (82%) completed the survey. Applicants who matched had a higher median number of interview offers compared to those who did not match. Significantly more females than males applied for a residency program. Those who matched had a higher median pharmacy school grade point average (GPA) compared to those who did not. No differences were observed in the rates of matching when leadership positions, student organizational membership, or previous work experience were considered. <b>Conclusion.</b> For pharmacy students in this study, number of applications and interviews, pharmacy school GPA, and female gender were associated with a higher likelihood of matching.
Type‐C virus‐like particles in a human B‐cell lymphoma cell line
Authors: Ichiro Kubonishi, Takashi Sawada, Shoki Yano, Taisuke Eguchi, Yoshihito Iwahara, Chise Takeuchi, Isao Miyoshi, Yuji Ohtsuki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Type‐C virus‐like particles (VLPs) were found in an Epstein‐Barr (EB) virus‐infected human B‐cell lymphoma cell line, SP‐50B, that was established from a patient with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. The cell line continuously produces a small number of type‐C VLPs, 150–200 nm in diameter, over 1 year. SP‐50B cells were negative for HTLV‐I and HTLV‐II antigens and did not contain the HTLV‐I genome. In addition, two EB virus nuclear antigen (EBNA)‐positive B‐cell lines, SP‐54‐Cord and SP‐57‐CLL, were established from human cord blood and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), respectively, by coculture with lethally irradiated SP‐50B cells. Type‐C VLPs with the same morphology were also found in both cell lines.
Intraluminal FDG Uptake in a Rectal Polyp Detected With PET CT: Identification of an Unsuspected Synchronous Primary Bowel Tumor
Authors: Dharmesh Modi, Michael J. Fulham, Armin Mohamed, Brian C. McCaughan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 66-year-old man was referred for an FDG PET CT scan to stage a proven squamous cell carcinoma (nonsmall cell lung cancer [NSCLC]) of the left lower lobe of the lung. The patient had stopped smoking 10 years previously. A markedly glucose-avid lesion was detected at the base of the left lung posteriorly. There were no focal abnormalities at the left hilum or the mediastinum but a rounded focal abnormality was seen in the posterior pelvis on PET. On the PET CT images, this lesion was located in the rectal lumen, and a tubulovillous adenoma with focal adenocarcinoma was removed after the lung surgery at colonoscopy.
Risk-Based Consumption Advice for Farmed Atlantic and Wild Pacific Salmon Contaminated with Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds
Authors: Jeffery A. Foran, David O. Carpenter, M. Coreen Hamilton, Barbara A. Knuth, Steven J. Schwager
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

We reported recently that several organic contaminants occurred at elevated concentrations in farmed Atlantic salmon compared with concentrations of the same contaminants in wild Pacific salmon [Hites et al. Science 303: 226-229 (2004)]. We also found that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), toxaphene, dieldrin, dioxins, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers occurred at higher concentrations in European farm-raised salmon than in farmed salmon from North and South America. Health risks (based on a quantitative cancer risk assessment) associated with consumption of farmed salmon contaminated with PCBs, toxaphene, and dieldrin were higher than risks associated with exposure to the same contaminants in wild salmon. Here we present information on cancer and noncancer health risks of exposure to dioxins in farmed and wild salmon. The analysis is based on a tolerable intake level for dioxin-like compounds established by the World Health Organization and on risk estimates for human exposure to dioxins developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Consumption of farmed salmon at relatively low frequencies results in elevated exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds with commensurate elevation in estimates of health risk.
Pulmonary regurgitation studied with the ultrasonic pulsed Doppler technique.
Authors: K Miyatake, M Okamoto, N Kinoshita, M Matsuhisa, S Nagata, S Beppu, Y Park, H Sakakibara, Y Nimura
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Sixty patients with pulmonary regurgitation were studied by the pulsed Doppler technique combined with two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography. Patients with pulmonary regurgitation had abnormal Doppler signals just below the pulmonic valve in the right ventricular outflow tract in diastole on the two-dimensional image. These signals were considered to indicate the regurgitant flow. There are two patterns of pulmonary regurgitant Doppler signals. In pulmonary hypertension, the maximal component of instantaneous flow velocity is sustained at about the same signal strength throughout diastole, but when the pulmonary arterial pressure is normal, the velocity slows down gradually from early diastole to end-diastole. Pulmonary regurgitation was detected by phonocardiography in about half the patients. In the remaining half, pulmonary regurgitant murmur could not be differentiated from aortic regurgitant murmur or was masked by coexistent aortic regurgitation or patent ductus arteriosus, whereas the Doppler technique indicated pulmonary regurgitation.
Glycolysated haemoglobin and diabetic control.
Authors: A Jonsson, J Wales
Journal: BMJ (1978)

hair has been advocated by a number of authors" but is not a procedure which has been widely accepted in the United Kingdom.However, the use of enzyme variants employing a simple technique on single hairs possesses certain advantages over ABO grouping and it promises to enhance signifi- cantly the value of hair examination in corroborating, or disproving by exclusion, allegations of rape in which the circumstances of the crime have led to the forcible removal of hair by one or other of the participants.Such methods are already developed in the United Kingdom to the stage where they have been adopted into routine casework and produced in court as evidence.'
PEPI in perspective. Good answers spawn pressing questions
Authors: B. Healy
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Estrogen is good for a woman's heart. While generally accepted when the estrogen is produced naturally, this theory has been a matter of great controversy when the estrogen is administered "artificially" in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for women during and after menopause. After a half century of conflicting data, we can affirm with growing confidence that, at the very least, estrogen reduces key cardiovascular risk factors in women at a time when they become especially vulnerable to heart disease, namely, after 50 years of age. See also p 199. In this issue ofThe Journal, the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) investigators report on one aspect of the many findings that we can expect to learn over the next few years from their important National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported multicenter efforts.<sup>1</sup>Their report focuses on the effect of HRT, given in four different formulations, compared with short-term use of placebo
Scintigraphic Findings in Infantile Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: ARTHUR W. NOEL, SYDNEY HEYMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

The scintigraphic findings on sulfur colloid liver-spleen imaging, Tc-99m labeled RBC blood pool imaging, and Tc-99m MDP bone imaging in four patients with infantile hemangioendothelioma are described. Thirteen radionuclide studies were performed, with serial sulfur colloid images obtained in three patients, allowing interval assessment of liver size and tumor involvement. Findings of Tc-99m MDP uptake in the livers of two patients with hemangioendothelioma and diffuse increase in hepatic RBC labeled blood pool activity in one patient also are reported.
Fibrocellular tissue response after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. An immunocytochemical analysis of the cellular composition.
Authors: M Ueda, A E Becker, T Tsukada, F Numano, T Fujimoto
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Restenosis after initial, successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is due to fibrocellular proliferation.The present study focused on the nature of fibrocellular tissue in humans by use of immunocytochemical techniques. Four hearts (five coronary arteries) were investigated; time lapse between PTCA and death varied between 20 days (two arteries) and 1 year 7 months. Proliferating cells stained positive with smooth muscle cell-specific monoclonal antibodies. Cells from early proliferative lesions (20 days) have a phenotypic expression different from cells in "old" lesions. Proliferating cells stained positive with vimentin but were negative with desmin, irrespective of the lesion's age.The findings indicate a change in actin isoform expression of smooth muscle cells while adapting to a pathological state.
CLINICAL PROFILES OF PAID NORMAL SUBJECTS VOLUNTEERING FOR HALLUCINOGEN DRUG STUDIES
Authors: HAROLD ESECOVER, SIDNEY MALITZ, BERNARD WILKENS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

1. Psychiatric evaluations were made of 56 volunteers for hallucinogen studies. Diagnoses were made on 46% of the group. Forty-one percent were estimated as needing psychiatric treatment. Twenty percent of these had received some form of psychiatric treatment. 2. Those subjects with the more effective life adaptations were motivated to volunteer mainly for financial and scientific reasons. Those with diagnosed psychopathology tended to volunteer for other reasons frequently related to their maladaptive patterns. 3. The greater the social stimulus to volunteer, the less was the degree of psychopathology present. 4. Follow-up interviews frequently revealed psychopathology not ascertained in initial screening interviews. The removal of competitive pressure for selection, the development of positive transferences to the investigators through the hallucinogen experience and the broad time span covered by the follow-ups might explain this. 5. Personality patterns covered a wide range with obsessional and schizoid types predominating. 6. There was a high degree of agreement among the 3 rating psychiatrists regarding diagnosis and need for treatment. The raters had similar training and experience. They had worked closely together for several years, developing a similar "philosophy" of psychiatry. These factors may have contributed to the high concordance.
Abstract 1129: Adenylate kinase 4 promotes metabolic reprogramming and induces EMT in lung cancer through ROS-dependent stabilization of HIF1-α
Authors: Yi-Hua Jan, Michael Hsiao
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The metabolic alterations that are essential for cancer progression remain largely unknown. Previously, we have identified adenylate kinase 4 (AK4) as a marker for poor clinical outcome that promotes metastasis of lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of AK4-induced phenotype remains elusive. By microarray analysis, we found downstream targets of HIF1-α were differentially regulated upon AK4 overexpression in CL1-0 lung cancer cells. Furthermore, AK4 overexpression induces glycolysis and results in accelerated glucose consumption, ATP utilization and lactate production. Overexpression of AK4 also increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which exaggerates HIF1-α protein expression under hypoxia and concurrently induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a HIF1-α-dependent manner. IHC analysis showed an inverse correlation between AK4 and E-cadherin and a positive correlation between AK4 and nuclear HIF1-α in lung cancer patients. Moreover, patients with AK4 high/E-Cadherin low showed worse outcome compared to patients with AK4 low/E-cadherin high. Our study indicates that enhanced expression of AK4 is a critical factor to trigger aerobic glycolysis and induced HIF1-α-mediated EMT in lung cancer. Citation Format: Yi-Hua Jan, Michael Hsiao. Adenylate kinase 4 promotes metabolic reprogramming and induces EMT in lung cancer through ROS-dependent stabilization of HIF1-α. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1129. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1129
Retrograde Endoscopic Delivery of Botulinum Toxin for Anal Fissures
Authors: T. Kinney, A. Shah, B. Rogers, E. Ehrenpreis
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Injection of Botox (Allergan, Irvine, California, USA) into the internal anal sphincter (IAS) has been shown to be successful in the treatment of chronic anal fissures and other spastic anorectal disorders [1] [2] [3]. The current injection technique involves using two or three fingers to separate the anal canal and carefully palpate the IAS to ensure correct placement. This technique can be quite painful in patients with anal fissures, and puts the physician at risk for needle-stick injury. Also, blind injections into the IAS may be inaccurate, with the potential for inadvertent injection into the external sphincter. Because of these problems, we have utilized a technique previously described for injection of rectal varices and made adaptations for the endoscopic injection of Botox into the IAS.
Review Body's Report: Hospital Medical Staff
Authors: R. L. Hewer
Journal: BMJ (1966)

SIR,-While not disputing that all doctors deserve an increase in their remuneration, it is surely quite incredible that a senior regis- trar and consultant, after many years of highly competitive and specialized training involving great personal sacrifice in time and money, and of family and home, constantly on the move and without any security what- ever, should now reap an ultimate reward less than that of the family doctor.This surely is the ultimate negation of personal effort to achieve a specialist position, and the opposite of any premise in industry, com- merce, or any other profession.That a one- year house-surgeon can now go into general practice and earn more than his own hospital chief, a man who took about 15 years to reach this position, must surely mean by even the simplest logic that the death knell of future hospital services has been sounded loud and clear.-Iam, etc., London N. 10.
Flexible Intensive Insulin Therapy in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and High Risk for Severe Hypoglycemia and Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Alexander Sämann, Ingrid Mühlhauser, Ulrich A. Müller
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

As we previously discussed, regression to the mean was an important bias of our study, since it was not controlled (1,2). A subgroup analysis may or may not contribute to this bias. Pennant et al. (3) performed statistical simulations of baseline results and found that a reduction from 6.1 to 4.7 (95% CI ±0.2) hypoglycemic events per patient per year may be due to regression to the mean. However, there would still remain a reduction from 4.7 to 1.4 hypoglycemic events per patient per year, which was of clinical importance in this high-risk population.

The Diabetes Treatment and Teaching Program (DTTP) for type 1 diabetes has been extensively studied in …
Utility of helical computed tomography to evaluate the invasion of actinomycetoma; a report of 21 cases
Authors: A. Bonifaz, A. González-Silva, A. Albrandt-Salmerón, M. del Carmen Padilla, A. Saúl, R. María Ponce
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Actinomycetoma is a chronic infection caused by several aerobic actinomycetes; it is a relatively frequent condition in tropical countries like Mexico. It is important to be aware of the extension and depth of the disease (bone and visceral) to make the prognosis and select treatment.Our objective was to evaluate actinomycetomas using helical computed tomography (HCT) as well as its three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction.Prospective study of clinically and microbiologically proven cases of actinomycetomas, all of them recently diagnosed and untreated or unresponsive to various treatments. All patients underwent simple and contrast HCT with various helical slices of the involved zones. Then three-dimensional reconstructions on the sagittal and coronal planes were made.Twenty-one patients with actinomycetomas were included, 19 males and two females, with a mean age of 35.5 years and mean duration of disease of 4.1 years. The disease was located in the lower limbs in 81%, and in the upper limbs and trunk in 19%. Twenty of the 21 cases were caused by Nocardia brasiliensis and one by Actinomadura madurae. In all patients the disease was localized to the skin and subcutaneous tissue; 76.2% had muscular involvement; 23.8% visceral involvement; 9.5% had bone involvement and 9.5% vascular involvement. The affected area was determined in each case.HCT provides precise information about the grade of invasion at diverse levels such as visceral, muscular and vascular systems, and the calculation of the affected area.
1089-118 Evaluation of the “normal” spectrum of changes in regional deformation induced by heart transplantation: An ultrasonic strain and strain rate study
Authors: Elif Eroglu, Lieven Herbots, Johan Van Cleemput, Walter Droogne, Jan D'hooge, Bart Biljnens, Johan Banhaecke, George R Sutherland
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance during Recovery from High-Output Heart Failure Due to Beri-beri
Authors: LLOYD T. ISERI, H. S. M. UHL, DOUGLAS E. CHANDLER, ALBERT J. BOYLE, GORDON B. MYERS
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The pathogenesis of congestive heart failure is still obscure. Previous studies showed a decrease in cellular osmolarity during recovery from low output failure. A similar trend was found during recovery from high output failure due to beriberi, suggesting an analogous cellular disturbance. It is postulated that increased cellular osmolarity is an important factor in the retention of water and sodium associated with the development of congestive failure.