tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Violence, Crime, and Abuse Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth
Authors: David Finkelhor, Heather A. Turner, Anne Shattuck, Sherry L. Hamby
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

vidence continues to accumulate that there are serious consequences to health and well-being and society from childhood exposure to violence and abuse. 1,24][5][6] However, the epidemiology of child victimization remains fragmented, 7 with published studies 8,9 on limited portions of the age and exposure spectrum and only occasionally with a national scope.][12] In an effort to improve the epidemiology and make it more comprehensive, the US Department of Justice and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have combined resources to support a more regular and systematic national assessment of children's exposure to violence, crime, and abuse.In 2008, the first such assessment, the National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence I (NatSCEV I), was conducted. 13The next wave in this assessment, conducted in 2011, has been completed.This article provides updated epidemiology on the exposure of children to violence, crime, and abuse based on those data. Methods ParticipantsThe NatSCEV II was designed to obtain up-to-date incidence and prevalence estimates of a wide range of childhood victimiza-IMPORTANCE Because exposure to violence, crime, and abuse has been shown to have serious consequences on child development, physicians and policymakers need to know the kinds of exposure that occur at various developmental stages.OBJECTIVES To provide updated estimates of and trends for childhood exposure to a broad range of violence, crime, and abuse victimizations.DESIGN The National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence was based on a cross-sectional, US national telephone survey conducted in 2011. SETTING Interviews by telephone.PARTICIPANTS The experiences of 4503 children and youth aged 1 month to 17 years were assessed by interviews with caregivers and with youth in the case of those aged 10 to 17 years.RESULTS Two-fifths (41.2%) of children and youth experienced a physical assault in the last year, and 1 in 10 (10.1%) experienced an assault-related injury.Two percent experienced sexual assault or sexual abuse in the last year, but the rate was 10.7% for girls aged 14 to 17 years.More than 1 in 10 (13.7%) experienced maltreatment by a caregiver, including 3.7% who experienced physical abuse.Few significant changes could be detected in rates since an equivalent survey in 2008, but declines were documented in peer flashing, school bomb threats, juvenile sibling assault, and robbery and total property victimization. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThe variety and scope of children's exposure to violence, crime, and abuse suggest the need for better and more comprehensive tools in clinical and research settings for identifying these experiences and their effects.
Revascularization of Ischemic Skeletal Muscle by Estrogen-Related Receptor-γ
Authors: Antonios Matsakas, Vikas Yadav, Sabina Lorca, Ronald M. Evans, Vihang A. Narkar
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Oxidative myofibers in the skeletal muscles express high levels of angiogenic factors, have dense vasculature, and promptly revascularize during ischemia. Estrogen-related receptor-gamma (ERRγ) activates genes that govern metabolic and vascular features typical to oxidative myofibers. Therefore, ERRγ-dependent remodeling of the myofibers may promote neoangiogenesis and restoration of blood perfusion in skeletal muscle ischemia.To investigate the muscle fiber type remodeling by ERRγ and its role in the vascular recovery of ischemic muscle.Using immunohistology, we show that skeletal muscle-specific transgenic overexpression of ERRγ increases the proportions of oxidative and densely vascularized type IIA and IIX myofibers and decreases glycolytic and less vascularized type IIB myofibers. This myofiber remodeling results in a higher basal blood flow in the transgenic skeletal muscle. By applying unilateral hind limb ischemia to transgenic and wild-type mice, we found accelerated revascularization (fluorescent microangiography), restoration of blood perfusion (laser Doppler flowmetry), and muscle repair (Evans blue dye exclusion) in transgenic compared to wild-type ischemic muscles. This ameliorative effect is linked to enhanced neoangiogenesis (CD31 staining and microfil perfusion) by ERRγ. Using cultured muscle cells in which ERRγ is inactivated, we show that the receptor is dispensable for the classical hypoxic response of transcriptional upregulation and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Rather, the ameliorative effect of ERRγ is linked to the receptor-mediated increase in oxidative myofibers that inherently express and secrete high levels of angiogenic factors.The ERRγ is a hypoxia-independent inducer of neoangiogenesis that can promote reparative revascularization.
Effects of Time, Dose, and Inversion Time for Acute Myocardial Infarct Size Measurements Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Delayed Contrast Enhancement
Authors: Anja Wagner, Heiko Mahrholdt, Louise Thomson, Stefan Hager, Gabriel Meinhardt, Wolfgang Rehwald, Michele Parker, Dipan Shah, Udo Sechtem, Raymond J. Kim, Robert M. Judd
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Randomized, Phase II Study of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Inhibitor IMC-A12, With or Without Cetuximab, in Patients With Cetuximab- or Panitumumab-Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Diane Lauren Reidy, Efsevia Vakiani, Marwan G. Fakih, Muhammad Wasif Saif, Joel Randolph Hecht, Noah Goodman-Davis, Ellen Hollywood, Jinru Shia, Jonathan Schwartz, Kumari Chandrawansa, Aruna Dontabhaktuni, Hagop Youssoufian, David B. Solit, Leonard B. Saltz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of IMC-A12, a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that blocks insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R), as monotherapy or in combination with cetuximab in patients with metastatic refractory anti–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mAb colorectal cancer. Methods A randomized, phase II study was performed in which patients in arm A received IMC-A12 10 mg/kg intravenously (IV) every 2 weeks, while patients in arm B received this same dose of IMC-A12 plus cetuximab 500 mg/m 2 IV every 2 weeks. Subsequently, arm C (same combination treatment as arm B) was added to include patients who had disease control on a prior anti-EGFR mAb and wild-type KRAS tumors. Archived pretreatment tumor tissue was obtained when possible for KRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF genotyping, and immunohistochemistry was obtained for pAKT as well as IGF-1R. Results Overall, 64 patients were treated (median age, 61 years; range, 40 to 84 years): 23 patients in arm A, 21 in arm B, and 20 in arm C. No antitumor activity was seen in the 23 patients treated with IMC-A12 monotherapy. Of the 21 patients randomly assigned to IMC-A12 plus cetuximab, one patient (with KRAS wild type) achieved a partial response, with disease control lasting 6.5 months. Arm C (all patients with KRAS wild type), however, showed no additional antitumor activity. Serious adverse events thought possibly related to IMC-A12 included a grade 2 infusion-related reaction (2%; one of 64 patients), thrombocytopenia (2%; one of 64 patients), grade 3 hyperglycemia (2%; one of 64 patients), and grade 1 pyrexia (2%, one of 64 patients). Conclusion IMC-A12 alone or in combination with cetuximab was insufficient to warrant additional study in patients with colorectal cancer refractory to EGFR inhibitors.
Dynamic of adherence to guidelines for antibiotic therapy of community-aquired pneumonia (CAP)
Authors: Hanna Demchuk, Yuriy Mostovoy
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To estimate in dynamic correspondence to national guidelines introduced in 2003 and 2007and efficacy of antibiotics (A) prescription for treatment of patients with CAP comparative analysis of A therapy of 158 inpatients (Pt) treated in 2006 (Gr1) and 153 Pt treated in 2012 (Gr2) was performed. In Gr1 average age of Pt was 48,5±18,4 years old, 81(51,3%) were male. In Gr2 average age of Pt was 55,4±16,5 years old, 65 (42,5%) were male. Most of Pt of both groups treated with recommended A, but in Gr2 this index was higher than in Gr1 – 140 (91,5%) Pt and 108 (68,4%) Pt, agreeably (p
Neutrophil responsiveness to IgG, as determined by fixed ratios of mRNA levels for activating and inhibitory FcγRII (CD32), is stable over time and unaffected by cytokines
Authors: Edwin van Mirre, Willemijn B. Breunis, Judy Geissler, C. Erik Hack, Martin de Boer, Dirk Roos, Taco W. Kuijpers
Journal: Blood (2006)
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Skin Reactions in Congenital Afibrinogenemia Lack Fibrin Deposition and Induration
Authors: Robert B. Colvin, Michael W. Mosesson, Harold F. Dvorak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Induration is a characteristic feature of delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions and is the usual measure of their intensity. The precise basis of induration has not been established, although activation of the clotting system with consequent fibrin deposition has been clearly implicated. In this study, two subjects with congenital afibrinogenemia, a genetic defect in fibrinogen synthesis, were skin tested with standard microbial antigens: streptokinase-streptodornase, monilia, mumps, and tuberculin purified protein derivative. One positive delayed reaction from each subject was biopsied at 40-48 h and compared with 23 biopsies of similar skin tests in normal volunteers.
Gene–Diet Interactions in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Mark P. Mattson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

While there are many examples of people who live for 100 years or more with little evidence of a decline in brain function, many others are not so fortunate and experience a neurodegenerative disorder, such as Alzheimer disease or Parkinson disease. Although an increasing number of genetic factors that may affect the risk for neurodegenerative disorders are being identified, emerging findings suggest that dietary factors play major roles in determining whether the brain ages successfully or experiences a neurodegenerative disorder. Dietary factors may interact with disease-causing or predisposing genes in molecular cascades that either promote or prevent the degeneration of neurons. Epidemiologic findings suggest that high-calorie diets and folic acid deficiency increase the risk for Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease; studies of animal models of these disorders have shown that dietary restriction (reduced calorie intake or intermittent fasting) and dietary supplementation with folic acid can reduce neuronal damage and improve behavioral outcome. Animal studies have shown that the beneficial effects of dietary restriction on the brain result in part from increased production of neurotrophic factors and cytoprotective protein chaperones in neurons. By keeping homocysteine levels low, folic acid can protect cerebral vessels and prevent the accumulation of DNA damage in neurons caused by oxidative stress and facilitated by homocysteine. Although additional studies are required in humans, the emerging data suggest that high-calorie diets and elevated homocysteine levels may render the brain vulnerable to age-related neurodegenerative disorders, particularly in persons with a genetic predisposition to such disorders.
Estimation of the Total Parasite Biomass in Acute Falciparum Malaria from Plasma PfHRP2
Authors: Arjen M Dondorp, Varunee Desakorn, Wirichada Pongtavornpinyo, Duangjai Sahassananda, Kamolrat Silamut, Kesinee Chotivanich, Paul N Newton, Punnee Pitisuttithum, A. M Smithyman, Nicholas J White, Nicholas P. J Day
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

In falciparum malaria sequestration of erythrocytes containing mature forms of Plasmodium falciparum in the microvasculature of vital organs is central to pathology, but quantitation of this hidden sequestered parasite load in vivo has not previously been possible. The peripheral blood parasite count measures only the circulating, relatively non-pathogenic parasite numbers. P. falciparum releases a specific histidine-rich protein (PfHRP2) into plasma. Quantitative measurement of plasma PfHRP2 concentrations may reflect the total parasite biomass in falciparum malaria.We measured plasma concentrations of PfHRP2, using a quantitative antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in 337 adult patients with falciparum malaria of varying severity hospitalised on the Thai-Burmese border. Based on in vitro production rates, we constructed a model to link this measure to the total parasite burden in the patient. The estimated geometric mean parasite burden was 7 x 10(11) (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.8 x 10(11) to 8.5 x 10(11)) parasites per body, and was over six times higher in severe malaria (geometric mean 1.7 x 10(12), 95% CI 1.3 x 10(12) to 2.3 x 10(12)) than in patients hospitalised without signs of severity (geometric mean 2.8 x 10(11), 95% CI 2.3 x 10(11) to 3.5 x 10(11); p < 0.001). Parasite burden was highest in patients who died (geometric mean 3.4 x 10(12), 95% CI 1.9 x 10(12) to 6.3 x 10(12); p = 0.03). The calculated number of sequestered parasites increased with disease severity and was higher in patients with late developmental stages of P. falciparum present on peripheral blood smears. Comparing model and laboratory estimates of the time of sequestration suggested that admission to hospital with uncomplicated malaria often follows schizogony-but in severe malaria is unrelated to stage of parasite development.Plasma PfHRP2 concentrations may be used to estimate the total body parasite biomass in acute falciparum malaria. Severe malaria results from extensive sequestration of parasitised erythrocytes.
Surgical Removal of Primary Tumor Reverses Tumor-Induced Immunosuppression Despite the Presence of Metastatic Disease
Authors: Erika A. Danna, Pratima Sinha, Mileka Gilbert, Virginia K. Clements, Beth A. Pulaski, Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Immunotherapy is a promising approach for the management of malignancies. It may be particularly useful for tumors that do not respond to conventional therapies, such as many metastatic cancers. The efficacy of immunotherapy will depend on many factors, one of which is the immunocompetence of the host. Patients with large primary tumors frequently are immunosuppressed, making them poor candidates for immunotherapy. Although a few studies have reported that surgical removal of primary tumor reverses immunosuppression, it is not known whether metastatic disease in postsurgery patients inhibits this recovery. To determine the role of metastatic disease, we examined tumor-free mice versus mice with primary tumor and metastatic disease versus mice whose primary tumors were removed surgically but who had metastatic disease. We have used the mouse 4T1 mammary carcinoma, a BALB/c-derived transplantable tumor that shares many characteristics with human breast cancer and is an established model for spontaneous, metastatic cancer. Cell-mediated and humoral adaptive immunity, as measured by rejection of allogeneic tumor, antigen-specific T-cell proliferation, and antigen-specific antibody responses, was suppressed in 4T1-bearing nonsurgery mice relative to tumor-free mice. Surgical removal of primary tumor resulted in rebounding of antibody and cell-mediated responses, even in mice with metastatic disease. Macrophage activity, as measured by lipopolysaccharide responsiveness, and dendritic cell function, as measured by nominal and alloantigen presentation, were not suppressed in tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, the presence of primary tumor suppresses T-cell and antibody responses; however, surgical removal of primary tumor restores immunocompetence even when disseminated metastatic disease is present.
Preventing out-of-hospital asthma deaths
Authors: William F S Sellers
Journal: Thorax (2015)

Ten-year-old Cameron Good died from an asthma attack in November 2014; it began during his football match, and news reports highlighted the inability of bystanders to oxygenate before ambulance arrival. Sam Linton died in 2007, Olivia Chandler in 2010, their asthma attacks began at school; the Patient's Association criticised Lauren Hughes’ care,1 and journalist Anthony Shadid's fatal attack was triggered by dander from his horse leading him out of Syria. All parents of the children expressed a wish that something be done to prevent other deaths. Two-thirds of patient deaths from asthma are out of hospital; the UK has the highest incidence of childhood asthma and asthma deaths in Europe2 and possibly the world. Should epinephrine intramuscular auto-injector ‘pens’ be used to treat life-threat asthma, and what other strategies are available?

An All Party Parliamentary Group providing asthma inhalers and training in schools reported in September 2014; inhalers are to be for named use patients only. With greater alacrity and …
Long-term maintenance of human hepatocytes in oxygen-permeable membrane bioreactor
Authors: Loredana De Bartolo, Simona Salerno, Sabrina Morelli, Lidietta Giorno, Maria Rende, Bruno Memoli, Alfredo Procino, Vittorio E. Andreucci, Augustinus Bader, Enrico Drioli
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
C-Met Inhibitor MK-8003 Radiosensitizes c-Met–Expressing Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells With Radiation-Induced c-Met–Expression
Authors: Vikas Bhardwaj, Yanai Zhan, Maria Angelica Cortez, Kie Kian Ang, David Molkentine, Anupama Munshi, Uma Raju, Ritsuko Komaki, John V. Heymach, James Welsh
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Effects of high-dose versus low-dose losartan on clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HEAAL study): a randomised, double-blind trial
Authors: Marvin A Konstam, James D Neaton, Kenneth Dickstein, Helmut Drexler, Michel Komajda, Felipe A Martinez, Gunter AJ Riegger, William Malbecq, Ronald D Smith, Soneil Guptha, Philip A Poole-Wilson
Journal: The Lancet (2009)
Equity in use of home-based or facility-based skilled obstetric care in rural Bangladesh: an observational study
Authors: Mahbub Elahi Chowdhury, Carine Ronsmans, Japhet Killewo, Iqbal Anwar, Kaniz Gausia, Sushil Das-Gupta, Lauren S Blum, Greet Dieltiens, Tom Marshall, Sajal Saha, Jo Borghi
Journal: The Lancet (2006)
Adjuvant IL-7 antagonizes multiple cellular and molecular inhibitory networks to enhance immunotherapies
Authors: Marc Pellegrini, Thomas Calzascia, Alisha R Elford, Arda Shahinian, Amy E Lin, Dilan Dissanayake, Salim Dhanji, Linh T Nguyen, Matthew A Gronski, Michel Morre, Brigitte Assouline, Katharina Lahl, Tim Sparwasser, Pamela S Ohashi, Tak W Mak
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
The Influence of Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism on α and β-Adrenergic Receptor Systems and Adrenergic Responsiveness*
Authors: JOHN P. BILEZIKIAN, JOHN N. LOEB
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1983)

A detailed review has been conducted of studies addressing the subject of the influence of thyroid hormone on α- and β-adrenergic receptors and adrenergic responsiveness in a wide range of experimental animals and tissues. The studies summarized in the present article have been restricted to those in which explicit measurements of receptor number were made by the use of appropriate radioligands. Particular emphasis is given to an examination of the relationship between thyroid hormone-induced changes in α- and β-adrenergic receptor number and accompanying changes in adenylate cyclase activity and more distal adrenergic responses. Although in many instances thyroid hormone-induced changes in receptor number are reflected in coordinate changes in adrenergic sensitivity, this is shown to be by no means uniformly the case. In contrasting instances, modifications at other more distal sites in the sequence of events mediating catecholamine hormone action are responsible for biochemical and physiological changes in catecholamine responsiveness induced by thyroid hormone.
Mechanisms of Sudden Cardiac Death in Myocardial Infarction Survivors
Authors: T. Jared Bunch, Stefan H. Hohnloser, Bernard J. Gersh
Journal: Circulation (2007)

2][3] The efficacy of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in reducing sudden cardiac death incidence is irrefutable and strongly supported by evidence from randomized trials of both primary and secondary prevention (Figure 1). 4 -8 Nonetheless, the 2 neutral trials 9,10 raise intriguing and puzzling issues in regard to the temporal relationship between myocardial infarction (MI), coronary revascularization, residual myocardial ischemia, and severe left ventricular dysfunction and its impact on the mechanisms of presumed sudden cardiac death and the efficacy of the ICD.In this respect, this commentary addresses current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of death early and late after MI, limitations in our abilities to stratify risk, and analyses from the randomized trials in an attempt to reconcile the apparently paradoxical observation that the highest rate of sudden cardiac death occurs the first few weeks after MI and that the only ICD trial to address this population was neutral. 10
Evaluation of glioma proliferation by 99mTc-Tetrofosmin
Authors: George A. Alexiou, Spyridon Tsiouris, Ann Goussia, Athanasios Papadopoulos, Athanasios P. Kyritsis, Konstantinos S. Polyzoidis, Andreas D. Fotopoulos
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

The proliferation potential of gliomas is an indicator of their aggressiveness with significant implications in patient management and prognosis, but its assessment requires tissue sampling.1 We evaluated the relationship between glioma proliferation (as expressed by the Ki-67 index) and the uptake of the tumor-seeking radiotracer technetium-99m Tetrofosmin (99mTc-TF). Fourteen patients with a space-occupying lesion suspicious for glioma on structural brain imaging were prospectively enrolled. Scintitomographic (SPECT) imaging was performed and within a week the lesion was removed surgically; Ki-67 was assessed in the excised specimens by MIB-1 immunostaining. Three patients were excluded from the study because their lesions were proven metastatic. In the 11 patients eligible for analysis (7 males, 4 females; mean age 49.5 ± 7.5 years), the diagnosis was glioblastoma multiforme (6 cases), anaplastic astrocytoma (1), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (2), low-grade oligodendroglioma (1), and low-grade astrocytoma (1). We found a significant positive linear correlation between 99mTc-TF uptake and Ki-67 expression (r = 0.95, p = 0.001 [Spearman rank analysis]; Fig. 1 – 3). No significant correlation was observed between tracer uptake and tumor grade (r = 0.27, p = 0.420). The preliminary results of this pilot study, although deriving from a limited patient sample, propose that this tracer may hold a potential role as a noninvasive marker of glioma proliferative activity.



Figure 1

T1-weighted, gadolinium-enchanced MRI (A) in a low-grade oligodendroglioma of the left frontal lobe. Faint 99mTc-Tetrofosmin uptake (B, arrow) correlated with Ki-67 approx. 2% (C; MIB-1 ×100).





Figure 3

Correlation between 99mTc-Tetrofosmin uptake (expressed as lesion-to-normal [L/N] uptake ratio) and cellular proliferation rate (MIB-1) in the studied gliomas.
Late Stent Recoil of the Bioabsorbable Everolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent and its Relationship With Plaque Morphology
Authors: Shuzou Tanimoto, Nico Bruining, Ron T. van Domburg, David Rotger, Petia Radeva, Jurgen M. Ligthart, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)