tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Protein Phosphatase <i>PPM1G</i> With Alcohol Use Disorder and Brain Activity During Behavioral Control in a Genome-Wide Methylation Analysis
Authors: Barbara Ruggeri, Charlotte Nymberg, Eero Vuoksimaa, Anbarasu Lourdusamy, Cybele P. Wong, Fabiana M. Carvalho, Tianye Jia, Anna Cattrell, Christine Macare, Tobias Banaschewski, Gareth J. Barker, Arun L.W. Bokde, Uli Bromberg, Christian Büchel, Patricia J. Conrod, Mira Fauth-Bühler, Herta Flor, Vincent Frouin, Jürgen Gallinat, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Bernd Ittermann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Frauke Nees, Zdenka Pausova, Tomáš Paus, Marcella Rietschel, Trevor Robbins, Michael N. Smolka, Rainer Spanagel, Georgy Bakalkin, Jonathan Mill, Wolfgang H. Sommer, Richard J. Rose, Jia Yan, Fazil Aliev, Danielle Dick, Jaakko Kaprio, Sylvane Desrivières, Gunter Schumann
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

Objective: The genetic component of alcohol use disorder is substantial, but monozygotic twin discordance indicates a role for nonheritable differences that could be mediated by epigenetics. Despite growing evidence associating epigenetics and psychiatric disorders, it is unclear how epigenetics, particularly DNA methylation, relate to brain function and behavior, including drinking behavior. Method: The authors carried out a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation of 18 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for alcohol use disorder and validated differentially methylated regions. After validation, the authors characterized these differentially methylated regions using personality trait assessment and functional MRI in a sample of 499 adolescents. Results: Hypermethylation in the 3′-protein-phosphatase-1G (PPM1G) gene locus was associated with alcohol use disorder. The authors found association of PPM1G hypermethylation with early escalation of alcohol use and increased impulsiveness. They also observed association of PPM1G hypermethylation with increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent response in the right subthalamic nucleus during an impulsiveness task. Conclusions: Overall, the authors provide first evidence for an epigenetic marker associated with alcohol consumption and its underlying neurobehavioral phenotype.
Impact of Treatment Site in Adolescents and Young Adults With Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Julie Wolfson, Can-Lan Sun, Tongjun Kang, Laura Wyatt, Massimo D’Appuzzo, Smita Bhatia
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

BackgroundAdolescents and young adults (AYAs; aged 15–39 years) have inferior survival in comparison with younger (aged 0–14 years) cancer patients. Impact of care at specialized centers such as National Cancer Institute–designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers (NCICCC) for AYAs of all ages or the Children's Oncology Group (COG) for AYAs aged 15 to 21 years with central nervous system (CNS) tumors remains unstudied.
Screening obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome by home videotape recording in children
Authors: Y Sivan, A Kornecki, T Schonfeld
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Overnight polysomnography (PSG) has been used to diagnose and assess the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in children. The aim of this study was to determine whether home video-recording of children during sleep may be used for screening OSAS. In 58 children suspected of having OSAS, PSG results were compared with the corresponding analyses of 30 min video-recordings of each child sleeping at home. The video-recordings were evaluated by: 1) overall investigator's clinical judgement; and 2) a scoring system based on noisy breathing, movements, walking episodes, apnoea, chest retractions and mouth breathing. PSG results were highly correlated with the video test results, with agreement in 49 out of 58 (84%). In 36 of the 58 children, the PSG was abnormal compared with 41 out of 58 abnormal video tests. The sensitivity of the overall investigator judgement of video test was 94% (34 out of 36) and the specificity 68% (15 out of 22). Video scores > 10 were highly predictive of OSAS, whilst scores < 5 were associated with normality. Using a stepwise logistic regression analysis, each of the scoring variables was tested against the PSG results and an equation was formulated for predicting PSG by the video test. The equation predicted PSG results in 49 out of 58 (84%) cases. Thirty minutes of home video-recordings during sleep is a reliable screening method for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children. This technique may, thus, improve patient selection for polysomnography.
Hemodynamic and inflammatory responses following transumbilical and transthoracic lung wedge resection in a live canine model
Authors: Hung-Yi Lu, Yen Chu, Yi-Cheng Wu, Chien-Ying Liu, Ming-Ju Hsieh, Yin-Kai Chao, Ching-Yang Wu, Hsu-Chia Yuan, Po-Jen Ko, Yun-Hen Liu, Hui-Ping Liu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
Environment Tobacco Smoke Exposure Affect Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Modified By TNF-α and TLR4 Polymorphisms
Authors: Kil-Yong Choi, Song-I. Yang, Eun Lee, Young Ho Jung, Ho-Sung Yu, Kyung-Mo Hong, Ju-Hee Seo, Ji-Won Kwon, Hyo-Bin Kim, Byoung-Ju Kim, So Yeon Lee, Young-Hwa Song, Ho-Jang Kwon, Soo-Jong Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Differences in the Management and Prognosis of Women and Men Who Suffer From Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Sonia S. Anand, Chang Chun Xie, Shamir Mehta, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Campbell Joyner, Susan Chrolavicius, Keith A.A. Fox, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Atrial septostomy in the treatment of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: F Reichenberger
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Atrial septostomy (AS) may improve symptoms and haemodynamics in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).Twenty AS performed in 17 patients with severe progressive PAH (13 primary pulmonary hypertension, two collagen vascular disease, one thromboembolic disease, one vaso-occlusive disease) were analysed. Seven patients were in NYHA class III and 10 in NYHA IV. Fifteen patients were on long term prostanoid treatment. AS was performed under fluoroscopy using graded balloon technique.AS improved clinical symptoms and increased the cardiac index from 1.8 to 2.2 l/min/m(2) and systemic oxygen transport from 263.2 to 329.6 ml/min/m(2) (p<0.001). Procedure related complications included one non-fatal atrial puncture and one unsuccessful septal puncture. Four patients died within 1 week of surgery from uncontrolled tachyarrhythmia (n=1), severe hypoxaemia (n=1), and multiorgan failure (n=2). One further patient died after voluntarily discontinuing renal dialysis. Twelve patients are alive 5-17 months after the operation with five patients undergoing heart-lung transplantation. There were no differences in haemodynamic and functional parameters between the non-survivors and the mid term survivors. However, the non-survivors were significantly older (52 v 36 years, p<0.01) and had a significantly lower creatinine clearance rate (70 ml/min v 48 ml/min, p<0.05).Atrial septostomy improves clinical symptoms, cardiac index, and systemic oxygen transport and has the potential to influence the prognosis in selected cases of severe PAH.
Notch1 modulates timing of G1-S progression by inducing SKP2 transcription and p27Kip1 degradation
Authors: Leonor M. Sarmento, Hui Huang, Ana Limon, William Gordon, Jacquenilson Fernandes, Maria J. Tavares, Lucio Miele, Angelo A. Cardoso, Marie Classon, Nadia Carlesso
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) and Notch receptor activation have been shown to influence adult stem cells and progenitors by altering stem cell self-renewal and proliferation. Yet, no interaction between these molecular pathways has been defined. Here we show that ligand-independent and ligand-dependent activation of Notch1 induces transcription of the S phase kinase–associated protein 2 (SKP2), the F-box subunit of the ubiquitin-ligase complex SCFSKP2 that targets proteins for degradation. Up-regulation of SKP2 by Notch signaling enhances proteasome-mediated degradation of the CKIs, p27Kip1 and p21Cip1, and causes premature entry into S phase. Silencing of SKP2 by RNA interference in G1 stabilizes p27Kip1 and p21Cip1 and abolishes Notch effect on G1-S progression. Thus, SKP2 serves to link Notch1 activation with the cell cycle machinery. This novel pathway involving Notch/SKP2/CKIs connects a cell surface receptor with proximate mediators of cell cycle activity, and suggests a mechanism by which a known physiologic mediator of cell fate determination interfaces with cell cycle control.
Rosiglitazone-Associated Fractures in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Steven E. Kahn, Bernard Zinman, John M. Lachin, Steven M. Haffner, William H. Herman, Rury R. Holman, Barbara G. Kravitz, Dahong Yu, Mark A. Heise, R. Paul Aftring, Giancarlo Viberti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The purpose of this study was to examine possible factors associated with the increased risk of fractures observed with rosiglitazone in A Diabetes Outcome Progression Trial (ADOPT).Data from the 1,840 women and 2,511 men randomly assigned in ADOPT to rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide for a median of 4.0 years were examined with respect to time to first fracture, rates of occurrence, and sites of fractures.In men, fracture rates did not differ between treatment groups. In women, at least one fracture was reported with rosiglitazone in 60 patients (9.3% of patients, 2.74 per 100 patient-years), metformin in 30 patients (5.1%, 1.54 per 100 patient-years), and glyburide in 21 patients (3.5%, 1.29 per 100 patient-years). The cumulative incidence (95% CI) of fractures in women at 5 years was 15.1% (11.2-19.1) with rosiglitazone, 7.3% (4.4-10.1) with metformin, and 7.7% (3.7-11.7) with glyburide, representing hazard ratios (95% CI) of 1.81 (1.17-2.80) and 2.13 (1.30-3.51) for rosiglitazone compared with metformin and glyburide, respectively. The increase in fractures with rosiglitazone occurred in pre- and postmenopausal women, and fractures were seen predominantly in the lower and upper limbs. No particular risk factor underlying the increased fractures in female patients who received rosiglitazone therapy was identified.Further investigation into the risk factors and underlying pathophysiology for the increased fracture rate in women taking rosiglitazone is required to relate them to preclinical data and better understand the clinical implications of and possible interventions for these findings.
Tumour necrosis factor α blockers are more effective than methotrexate in the inhibition of radiographic joint damage progression among patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Lihi Eder, Arane Thavaneswaran, Vinod Chandran, Dafna D Gladman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Aim</h3> To determine whether tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) blockers are more effective than methotrexate in inhibiting the progression of radiographic joint damage in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). <h3>Methods</h3> A cohort analysis of patients followed prospectively in a large PsA clinic was conducted. Patients who received a TNFα blocker were compared to those treated with methotrexate. Patients who had records of at least 12 months of treatment with either medication for active peripheral PsA and had radiographic bone erosions were analysed. Radiographs of the hands and feet were performed at baseline, 1–2 years (time 1) and 3–4 years (time 2). Radiographic joint damage was scored according to the modified Steinbrocker score. The outcome of interest was the occurrence of radiographic progression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using generalised estimating equations for repeated measures was used to compare progression in radiographic joint damage between the two treatment groups. <h3>Results</h3> 65 patients treated with TNFα blockers and 70 patients treated with methotrexate were analysed. The proportion of patients who demonstrated progression of radiographic damage score at time 1 and time 2 was higher in the methotrexate group compared to the TNFα blockers group (at time 1: 80% vs 58.9% p=0.005; at time 2: 88% vs 61% p=0.005). In the multivariate regression analysis methotrexate treatment was associated with an increase in radiographic damage compared to TNFα blockers (p=0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In a clinic setting, patients with erosive PsA receiving TNFα blockers had a better radiographic outcome compared to those treated with methotrexate.
Speaking of beliefs: Reporting or constituting mental entities?
Authors: Werner Greve, Axel Buchner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Gopnik's argument that instead of having privileged access we must develop a theory about our minds is criticized. First, the theory metaphor is too vague, and scientific concepts of what a theory is are left unexploited. Second, the studies Gopnik interprets as showing that children must develop a theory about their mental states are also compatible with the view that children have to develop these states .
Clinical features and course of cutaneous mastocytosis in 133 children
Authors: D. Schena, A. Galvan, G. Tessari, G. Girolomoni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Clinical features and course of cutaneous mastocytosis in 133 children Get access D. Schena, D. Schena Section of Dermatology and Venereology Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Galvan, A. Galvan Section of Dermatology and Venereology Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Tessari, G. Tessari Section of Dermatology and Venereology Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy Correspondence: G. Tessari. E‐mail: gianpaolo.tessari@ospedaleuniverona.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Girolomoni G. Girolomoni Section of Dermatology and Venereology Department of Medicine University of Verona Verona Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 174, Issue 2, 1 February 2016, Pages 411–413, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14004 Published: 01 February 2016
Changes in the rates of joint surgery among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in California, 1983-2007
Authors: G. H. Louie, M. M. Ward
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

<h3>Background</h3> Treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has improved markedly over the past 25 years. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether rates of joint surgery, a long-term consequence of poorly controlled RA, have changed over this period. <h3>Methods</h3> In this population-based, serial cross-sectional study of patients with RA aged ≥40 years in California, trends in annual rates of total knee arthroplasty, total hip arthroplasty, total ankle arthroplasty or arthrodesis and total wrist arthroplasty or arthrodesis from 1983 to 2007 were examined. <h3>Results</h3> Rates of joint surgery peaked in the 1990s and since have decreased. Among patients aged 40–59 years, rates of knee surgery in 2003–2007 were 19% lower than in 1983–1987 (adjusted rate ratio 0.81; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.87, p&lt;0.0001), while rates of hip surgery in 2003–2007 were 40% lower (p&lt;0.0001). Rates of knee and hip surgery did not decrease in patients aged ≥60 years but increased as observed in the general population. Compared with rates of ankle and wrist surgery in the mid-1980s, rates in the mid-2000s decreased signifi cantly in both age groups. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Rates of joint surgery in RA peaked in the 1990s and have declined thereafter, suggesting that longterm outcomes of RA are improving.
Tobacco Carcinogen-Detoxifying Enzyme UGT1A7 and Its Association With Orolaryngeal Cancer Risk
Authors: Z. Zheng, J. Y. Park, C. Guillemette, S. P. Schantz, P. Lazarus
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

Background: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A7 (UGT1A7) detoxifies several tobacco carcinogens. We determined whether UGT1A7 expression is observed in normal orolaryngeal tissue and whether UGT1A7 allelic variations are associated with the risk for orolaryngeal cancer. Methods: UGT1A7 expression in normal orolaryngeal tissue was determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Buccal cell DNA isolated from 194 case subjects with orolaryngeal cancer and from 388 control subjects who were matched by sex, age, and race was subjected to UGT1A7 genotyping with the use of combined PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism and allelic discrimination analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: UGT1A7 messenger RNA was expressed at similar levels in the esophagus, tongue, tonsil, floor of the mouth, and larynx. Genotyping revealed the presence of three variant reduced-activity UGT1A7 alleles in both Caucasians and African-Americans. Individuals with any of the predicted low-activity UGT1A7 genotypes had an increased risk of orolaryngeal cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7 to 8.7) relative to subjects with the wild-type genotype. Both Caucasians and African-Americans with the low-activity genotypes had statistically significantly increased orolaryngeal cancer risk compared with Caucasians and African-Americans with the wild-type genotype (OR = 2.8 [95% CI = 1.1 to 7.6] and OR = 6.2 [95% CI = 1.2 to 31], respectively). For subjects with the predicted low-activity genotypes, the risks of oral cavity cancer (OR = 4.2; 95% CI = 1.7 to 10) and laryngeal cancer (OR = 3.7; 95% CI = 0.99 to 14) were similar. There was no association between UGT1A7 genotype and orolaryngeal cancer risk in never smokers, whereas subjects with predicted low-activity UGT1A7 genotypes who were light smokers (OR = 3.7; 95% CI = 1.1 to 12) or heavy smokers (OR = 6.1; 95% CI = 1.5 to 25) had an increased risk. Conclusions: The tissue expression of UGT1A7 is consistent with the possibility of a physiologic role in orolaryngeal cancer. Variations in the UGT1A7 gene that reduce UGT1A7 activity may affect the risk of smoking-related orolaryngeal cancer.
An Official American Thoracic Society Public Policy Statement: Novel Risk Factors and the Global Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Mark D. Eisner, Nicholas Anthonisen, David Coultas, Nino Kuenzli, Rogelio Perez-Padilla, Dirkje Postma, Isabelle Romieu, Edwin K. Silverman, John R. Balmes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Although cigarette smoking is the most important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a substantial proportion of COPD cases cannot be explained by smoking alone.To evaluate the risk factors for COPD besides personal cigarette smoking.We constituted an ad hoc subcommittee of the American Thoracic Society Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly. An international group of members was invited, based on their scientific expertise in a specific risk factor for COPD. For each risk factor area, the committee reviewed the literature, summarized the evidence, and developed conclusions about the likelihood of it causing COPD. All conclusions were based on unanimous consensus.The population-attributable fraction for smoking as a cause of COPD ranged from 9.7 to 97.9%, but was less than 80% in most studies, indicating a substantial burden of disease attributable to nonsmoking risk factors. On the basis of our review, we concluded that specific genetic syndromes and occupational exposures were causally related to the development of COPD. Traffic and other outdoor pollution, secondhand smoke, biomass smoke, and dietary factors are associated with COPD, but sufficient criteria for causation were not met. Chronic asthma and tuberculosis are associated with irreversible loss of lung function, but there remains uncertainty about whether there are important phenotypic differences compared with COPD as it is typically encountered in clinical settings.In public health terms, a substantive burden of COPD is attributable to risk factors other than smoking. To prevent COPD-related disability and mortality, efforts must focus on prevention and cessation of exposure to smoking and these other, less well-recognized risk factors.
miR-200–containing extracellular vesicles promote breast cancer cell metastasis
Authors: Minh T.N. Le, Peter Hamar, Changying Guo, Emre Basar, Ricardo Perdigão-Henriques, Leonora Balaj, Judy Lieberman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Metastasis is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Not all cancer cells within a tumor are capable of metastasizing. The microRNA-200 (miR-200) family, which regulates the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, is enriched in the serum of patients with metastatic cancers. Ectopic expression of miR-200 can confer metastatic ability to poorly metastatic tumor cells in some settings. Here, we investigated whether metastatic capability could be transferred between metastatic and nonmetastatic cancer cells via extracellular vesicles. miR-200 was secreted in extracellular vesicles from metastatic murine and human breast cancer cell lines, and miR-200 levels were increased in sera of mice bearing metastatic tumors. In culture, murine and human metastatic breast cancer cell extracellular vesicles transferred miR-200 microRNAs to nonmetastatic cells, altering gene expression and promoting mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. In murine cancer and human xenograft models, miR-200-expressing tumors and extracellular vesicles from these tumors promoted metastasis of otherwise weakly metastatic cells either nearby or at distant sites and conferred to these cells the ability to colonize distant tissues in a miR-200-dependent manner. Together, our results demonstrate that metastatic capability can be transferred by the uptake of extracellular vesicles.