tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Facts trump opinion
Authors: Ronald E. Engle, Mark H. Kuniholm, Kenrad E. Nelson, Robert H. Purcell
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Dr. Kuniholm is supported, in part, by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), through Clinical and Translational Science Awards grant numbers UL1RR025750 and KL2RR025749. Dr. Nelson is supported, in part, by grant R21HL121740 and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. To the Editor: Ditah et al.1 ascribed the high prevalence of antibody to hepatitis E virus (anti‐HEV) detected by our "in‐house" assay in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988‐1994) sera "to the low specificity and poor performance" of the assay. Their opinions are based on their analyses of NHANES 2009‐2010 sera and on the literature related to testing for anti‐HEV. The facts do not support their opinions: Prevalence of Immunoglobulin G Anti‐HEV. Ditah et al. report a seroprevalence of 6.0%, based on testing NHANES 2009‐2010 sera by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with the commercial DSI anti‐HEV assay and contrast this with the 21% prevalence in the NHANES III (1988‐1994) panel tested with our in‐house Hepatitis Testing Laboratory (HTL) assay (authors' reference no. 24). However, the prevalence of anti‐HEV has apparently diminished over time in the United States: Previously, the Division of Viral Hepatitis, CDC, compared the prevalence of anti‐HEV in both NHANES panels with the same anti‐HEV assay and found a prevalence of 16.8% (similar to our 21%) in the 1988‐1994 panel and only 6.4% in the 2009‐2010 panel.2 Literature on Tests for Anti‐HEV. Ditah et al. state that "the study by Kuniholm et al.24 analyzed data obtained by using an 'in‐house' assay, whose specificity has been a subject of debate.25,36 Compared to commercial assays, higher HEV seroprevalence has been reported in other studies that used the same EIA assay used by Kuniholm et al.37,38 This assay has been found to cross react with antibodies unrelated to HEV, e.g., in patients with hepatitis C virus infection, leading to false‐positive results39" (p. 5). In fact, the authors' reference nos. 25, 36, and 39 did not employ the HTL assay. The authors' reference no. 38 objectively compared assays with a panel of carefully selected and coded anti‐HEV‐positive and ‐negative samples. The HTL assay (assay 1) yielded the best results of 12 assays (sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 98%). Finally, the prevalence of anti‐HEV in blood donors in the United States (Bethesda, MD), as measured by the extensively evaluated commercial Wantai test, was 21.8% and 16% for donors bled in 2006 and 2012, respectively,3 similar to our results with the HTL assay, for other U.S. (Baltimore [MD], New York City, and Sacramento [CA]) blood donors tested in 1996 (22.9%) (authors' reference no. 23).
Modulation of in vitro monocyte cytokine responses to Leishmania donovani. Interferon-gamma prevents parasite-induced inhibition of interleukin 1 production and primes monocytes to respond to Leishmania by producing both tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1.
Authors: N E Reiner, W Ng, C B Wilson, W R McMaster, S K Burchett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Cytokines produced by mononuclear cells are important regulatory and effector molecules and evidence has been presented to support a role at least for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in host defense against Leishmania. In the present study, we examined the production of TNF-alpha and interleukin 1 (IL-1) by resting and IFN-gamma-primed peripheral blood monocytes infected in vitro with Leishmania donovani. Monocytes produced neither IL-1 nor TNF-alpha during challenge with Leishmania. Cells preinfected with Leishmania synthesized normal amounts of TNF-alpha, but had diminished production of IL-1 in response to stimulation with either S. aureus or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The induction by S. aureus or LPS of IL-1 beta mRNA accumulation in infected cells was normal despite diminished intracellular or supernatant IL-1 protein and bioactivity. Thus, inhibition of IL-1 production by Leishmania most probably reflected diminished translation of IL-1 beta mRNA. Pretreatment of cells with IFN-gamma abrogated infection-induced inhibition of IL-1 production and primed cells for the production of both IL-1 and TNF-alpha upon subsequent exposure to Leishmania. These results indicate that L. donovani has evolved the capacity to infect mononuclear phagocytes, without stimulating the production of two potentially host-protective monokines. The ability of IFN-gamma to prime monocytes to produce TNF-alpha and IL-1 in response to infection with Leishmania and to prevent inhibition of IL-1 production may have implications for immunotherapy with this lymphokine.
Coronary artery disease regression. Convincing evidence for the benefit of aggressive lipoprotein management.
Authors: H R Superko, R M Krauss
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Numerous reports suggest that coronary artery disease can regress with lipoprotein manipulation. Many of these reports lack control groups and contain relatively small numbers. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten randomized controlled clinical trials using coronary arteriography to assess the effect of lipoprotein manipulation on the rate of progression and regression of atherosclerosis have been either published or reported as an abstract at a national meeting. These studies were critically reviewed for individual differences and combined clinically applicable lessons. These trials involved a total of 2095 subjects and have consistently reported reduction in the percentage of patients arteriographically defined as progressing (mean, 23.6%) and an increase in the percentage regressing (mean, 20.0%) compared with control groups. Compared with large clinical trials using clinical end points, lipoprotein change was greater, achieving on average a 28% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 11% reduction in triglycerides, and 11% increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with control groups. Four investigations used a nonpharmacological approach, and seven used single and multiple drug therapy combined with diet. Despite the relatively brief treatment time of often 2 to 4 years, clinical events were fewer in the treatment groups; within some studies, this reached statistical significance. Side effects from the different therapies were tolerated by most patients, and severe adverse clinical events were few. CONCLUSIONS These trials present convincing evidence that aggressive lipoprotein manipulation can result in improved arteriographic measurements and fewer cardiovascular events in a relatively short period of time of 2 to 4 years. Extrapolation of this information to the larger population with known coronary artery disease suggests that directed lipoprotein manipulation can reduce clinical events in a cost-effective manner.
The Atypical Pneumonia Syndrome
Authors: Stuart Levin
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The 1938 article by Dr H. A. Reimann, a Philadelphia physician from Jefferson Medical College,<sup>1</sup>published inThe Journal, became widely quoted and popularized the term<i>atypical pneumonia</i>. Dr Reimann described the presence of a pneumonia syndrome with findings quite different from the lobar consolidation of classic pneumococcal pneumonia and stressed a possible viral etiology. His cases varied from afebrile upper respiratory tract illness to a severe, prolonged pneumonia associated with encephalopathy. Headaches and symptoms of tracheobronchitis often preceded the signs of pneumonia. Retrospectively, one might question why this article had such a substantial effect in subsequent years. Neither the syndrome nor the name<i>atypical pneumonia</i>originated with Dr Reimann. There were many reports from Europe in the early 1920s of an unusual acute pneumonia syndrome of unknown cause. Similar syndromes had been described in army troops, school academies, and colleges in the United States between 1931 and 1936.
Vitamin D Deficits May Affect Heart Health
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

developandpromotepoliciesaccordingly, Kaner said. The final report of the WHO collaborative project outlines strategies fordevelopmentandvalidationof countrywideimplementationofscreeningand brief alcohol interventions in primary care (http://www.who.int/substance _abuse/publications/identification _management_alcoholproblems _phaseiv.pdf). The case for such an effort, she said, is clear: “It’s simple, effective, and cheap.”
Suicide by Physicians on Probation-Reply
Authors: Ralph Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  The source of Dr Murphy's dismay with our COMMENTARY is only partially understandable. He attacks the use of figures as though they were used as statistics, which they were not. We did not attempt in any way to base statistical conclusions on our small sample, but used the extension, if it could be extrapolated, which of course it cannot be, to underline the shock this epidemic had on the Board of Medical Examiners. They saw it as every fifth man they placed on probation killed himself.  Dr Murphy is looking for a great deal more than we are prepared to give him when he asks what is unique about this group of physicians who committed suicide, apart from their circumstances of probation? That is the point. These men were exposed to special stress that aggravated their condition. At the time probation left a man in a limbo of
[579] MICROARRAYS ANALYSIS FOR PREDICTING TREATMENT RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: PRELIMINARY DATA
Authors: A. Ciancio, E. Medico, A. Olivero, M. Berrutti, P. Caviglia, M. Abbate, P.M. Comoglio, A. Smedile, M. Rizzetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
That Good-Looking Cast
Authors: Frances M. Love
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> As a personal sufferer from a broken bone in the foot requiring a cast recently, I was particularly interested in the letter by Dr. George Filinger (<b>195</b>:701, 1966) and the reply. I should like to comment that, while the answer given was excellent and technically correct to the best of my knowledge, it was addressed to a question that was not asked. Specifically, Dr. Filinger asked why hasn't some one developed a "light, strong, good-looking cast?" The looks of the cast which I had was not of concern to me, but the weight assuredly was. When I had a similar experience some years ago, the attending physician applied a walking cast of a light, sturdy plastic which was quite easy to handle. On the more recent occasion, when I asked about this type of cast, I was told that it was no longer in use because
Dietary Fats and Blood Coagulation
Authors: Sami A. Hashim, Robert E. Clancy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE search for the etiology of coronary-artery disease continues to be directed toward factors that reside in either the host or the environment. Given the host, with all his genetic inadequacies, the environmental factors, diet being an example, have been suspect. There is indirect evidence — epidemiologic, experimental, clinical and biochemical — that both the quality and the quantity of dietary fats influence the development of atherosclerosis. Sustained or intermittent lipidemia, in its possible relation to atherosclerosis in various segments of the arterial tree, becomes of importance if it influences the sudden thrombotic occlusion of a blood vessel. Most research . . .
Effects of norepinephrine infusion on myocardial high-energy phosphate content and turnover in the living rat.
Authors: J A Bittl, J A Balschi, J S Ingwall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Using 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance, we studied the relationship between myocardial high-energy phosphate content and flux values for the creatine kinase reaction in the living rat under inotropic states achieved during norepinephrine infusion and halothane anesthesia. Under 2% halothane anesthesia (n = 4), 1% halothane anesthesia (n = 5) and norepinephrine infusion (n = 4), rats developed rate-pressure products of 19.5 +/- 1.6, 32.0 +/- 3.5, and 48.5 +/- 2.0 X 1,000 mmHg/min, respectively. Adenosine triphosphate content was not affected by inotropic state, ranging from 24.3 +/- 1.1 to 25.6 +/- 1.1 mumol/g dry weight, but creatine phosphate content varied inversely and reversibly with cardiac performance from 45.6 +/- 6.0 under 2% halothane to 26.0 +/- 6.5 mumol/g dry weight during norepinephrine infusion. The flux values for the creatine kinase reaction were 15.4 +/- 4.6, 20.5 +/- 2.0, and 30.1 +/- 7.9 mumol/g dry weight per s under 2% halothane, 1% halothane, and 1% halothane with norepinephrine, respectively. These results suggest that the turnover of myocardial high-energy phosphate compounds, not their tissue contents, matches cardiac performance during inotropic stimulation.
<i>Nervous and Mental Diseases.</i> By Archibald Church, M. D., Professor of Nervous and Mental Diseases and Medical Jurisprudence in the Northwestern University Medical School, etc., Chicago; and Frederick Peterson, M. D., Ex-President of the New York State Commission in Lunacy, Professor of Psychiatry, Columbia University, etc., New York. Sixth edition, thoroughly revised. (Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company, 1908.)
Authors: W. B. Cornell
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1909)
A Pilot Characterization of Human Lung NSCLC by Protein Pathway Activation Mapping
Authors: Angela Zupa, Giuseppina Improta, Alessandra Silvestri, Elisa Pin, Jianghong Deng, Michele Aieta, Pellegrino Musto, Donato Nitti, Enzo Mammano, Lance Liotta, Claudio Belluco, Julia Wulfkuhle, Emanuel Petricoin
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
A common BIM deletion polymorphism mediates intrinsic resistance and inferior responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer
Authors: King Pan Ng, Axel M Hillmer, Charles T H Chuah, Wen Chun Juan, Tun Kiat Ko, Audrey S M Teo, Pramila N Ariyaratne, Naoto Takahashi, Kenichi Sawada, Yao Fei, Sheila Soh, Wah Heng Lee, John W J Huang, John C Allen, Xing Yi Woo, Niranjan Nagarajan, Vikrant Kumar, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Wan Ting Poh, Ai Leen Ang, Hae Tha Mya, Gee Fung How, Li Yi Yang, Liang Piu Koh, Balram Chowbay, Chia-Tien Chang, Veera S Nadarajan, Wee Joo Chng, Hein Than, Lay Cheng Lim, Yeow Tee Goh, Shenli Zhang, Dianne Poh, Patrick Tan, Ju-Ee Seet, Mei-Kim Ang, Noan-Minh Chau, Quan-Sing Ng, Daniel S W Tan, Manabu Soda, Kazutoshi Isobe, Markus M Nöthen, Tien Y Wong, Atif Shahab, Xiaoan Ruan, Valère Cacheux-Rataboul, Wing-Kin Sung, Eng Huat Tan, Yasushi Yatabe, Hiroyuki Mano, Ross A Soo, Tan Min Chin, Wan-Teck Lim, Yijun Ruan, S Tiong Ong
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Recognition of Live Phosphatidylserine-Labeled Tumor Cells by Dendritic Cells: A Novel Approach to Immunotherapy of Skin Cancer
Authors: Michael R. Shurin, Alla I. Potapovich, Yulia Y. Tyurina, Irina L. Tourkova, Galina V. Shurin, Valerian E. Kagan
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Dendritic cells (DC) loaded with tumor antigens from apoptotic/necrotic tumor cells are commonly used as vaccines for cancer therapy. However, the use of dead tumor cells may cause both tolerance and immunity, making the effect of vaccination unpredictable. To deliver live tumor "cargoes" into DC, we developed a new approach based on the "labeling" of tumors with a phospholipid "eat-me" signal, phosphatidylserine. Expression of phosphatidylserine on live tumor cells mediated their recognition and endocytosis by DC resulting in the presentation of tumor antigens to antigen-specific T cells. In mice, topical application of phosphatidylserine-containing ointment over melanoma induced tumor-specific CTL, local and systemic antitumor immunity, and inhibited tumor growth. Thus, labeling of tumors with phosphatidylserine is a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
Protection against group B meningococcal disease. I. Comparison of group-specific and type-specific protection in the chick embryo model.
Authors: C E Frasch, L Parkes, R M McNelis, E C Gotschlich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Protection against group B meningococcal infection was examined using the chick embryo. 12-day-old embryos were challenged intravenously with various meningococcal strains. The chick embryo has an active reticuloendothelial system but lacks functional complement. In this model we found that protection against group B infection was primarily group specific. The group B polysaccharide antibody is an effective opsonin, but is a very poor bactericidal antibody. In contrast, the serotype antibody was bactericidal but only slightly protective in the chick embryo where protection is primarily phagocytic in nature. The group-specific and type-specific antibodies are strongly synergistic. Minute amounts of group B polysaccharide antibody caused a very significant increase in the protective effects of the serotype antibody.
Video-assisted ligation of patent ductus arteriosus: results of multiple ligation technique, need for transesophageal echocardiography, and appropriateness of same-day hospital discharge
Authors: William M. DeCamoli, Kristi L. Peterson, Guillermo R. Sanchez, Richard J. Myung, Mary Berry-LeBoeuf, Carolyn Fabian, Gil Wernovsky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Safe and efficient transduction of the liver after peripheral vein infusion of self-complementary AAV vector results in stable therapeutic expression of human FIX in nonhuman primates
Authors: Amit C. Nathwani, John T. Gray, Jenny McIntosh, Catherine Y. C. Ng, Junfang Zhou, Yunyu Spence, Melanie Cochrane, Elaine Gray, Edward G. D. Tuddenham, Andrew M. Davidoff
Journal: Blood (2006)
Infliximab for steroid‐refractory acute GVHD: A case series
Authors: David A. Jacobsohn, Jason Hallick, Viki Anders, Stephanie McMillan, Lawrence Morris, Georgia B. Vogelsang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract Acute and chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) remain major barriers to successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). TNF‐α has been implicated in the pathogenesis of GVHD and TNF‐α blockade has been explored for treatment of GVHD. The development of a chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibody (infliximab) which binds to cells producing TNF‐α, allowing for not only the neutralization of TNF‐α but also lysis of the cells producing the TNF‐α, makes this an attractive drug to explore in GVHD. We report on 11 patients with acute GVHD who were treated with infliximab after failing other therapies. The survival was very poor, in keeping with previously published reports of steroid‐refractory acute GVHD. Two patients with severe diarrhea from acute GI GVHD resolved their symptoms after treatment with infliximab. Only these two patients survived. It appears that of all acute GVHD manifestations, gastrointestinal GVHD may be more responsive to treatment with infliximab than others. Caution is recommended when using this agent since it may exacerbate active infections, particularly aspergillosis. Furthermore, we do not know the correct dose or schedule to use with this drug. Given these data, controlled studies assessing dose and timing of administration may be warranted to study infliximab in acute GVHD. Am. J. Hematol. 74:119–124, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
ABC of mental health: Disorders of personality
Authors: M. Marlowe, P. Sugarman
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Personality disorders are widespread and present a major challenge in most areas of health care.They can be difficult to treat, complicate the management and adversely affect the outcome of other conditions, and exert a disproportionate effect on the workload of staff dealing with them.Finding appropriate placement for sufferers can cause difficulties for doctors and the courts.
A nodular cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder during carbamazepine administration
Authors: M. Sigal-Nahum, A. Petit, A. Gaulier, J. Torrent, C. Mourier, M. Karmochkine
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article A nodular cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder during carbamazepine administration Get access M. Sigal‐Nahum, M. Sigal‐Nahum Departments of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, 69 rue du Lt Cnel Prudon, 95107, Argenteuil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Petit, A. Petit Departments of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, 69 rue du Lt Cnel Prudon, 95107, Argenteuil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Gaulier, A. Gaulier Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, 69 rue du Lt Cnel Prudon, 95107, Argenteuil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Torrent, J. Torrent Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, 69 rue du Lt Cnel Prudon, 95107, Argenteuil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Mourier, C. Mourier Departments of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, 69 rue du Lt Cnel Prudon, 95107, Argenteuil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Karmochkine M. Karmochkine Departments of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, 69 rue du Lt Cnel Prudon, 95107, Argenteuil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 5, 1 November 1992, Pages 545–547, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb14861.x Published: 01 November 1992
Cardiovascular Effects of an Ultra–Short-Acting Nitric Oxide–Releasing Compound, Zwitterionic Diamine/NO Adduct, in Dogs
Authors: Ping Zhang, Akitoshi Ohara, Takashi Mashimo, Jianhua Sun, Satoshi Shibuta, Koji Takada, Hiroaki Kosaka, Masaru Terada, Ikuto Yoshiya
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background This study was conducted to clarify the cardiovascular effects of a new NO-releasing compound, NOC-7, and to compare it with other nitrovasodilators, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and nitroglycerin, in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Methods and Results A bolus injection of NOC-7 decreased mean aortic blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. The onset was rapid and the recovery quick. Continuous infusion of NOC-7 decreased mean aortic pressure from 115±3.9 to 84±2.9 mm Hg and infusion of SNP, from 118±3.8 to 87±3.1 mm Hg. The optimum doses of NOC-7 and SNP were determined to be 2.73±0.77 and 11.5±6.1 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 , respectively. During infusion of NOC-7, heart rate and cardiac output were increased ( P &lt;.05), pulmonary artery pressure was not changed, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were decreased ( P &lt;.05). Electromagnetic flowmetry showed that portal venous and internal carotid arterial blood flow were increased ( P &lt;.05) and that hepatic and renal arterial blood flows were not changed. These hemodynamic changes during NOC-7 infusion were similar to those with SNP. The plasma level of NO 2 − /NO 3 − did not change, but methemoglobin increased slightly ( P &lt;.05). Comparison between hypotensive responses before and after a 3.5-hour infusion of NOC-7 or nitroglycerin showed that acute tolerance developed to nitroglycerin but not to NOC-7. Conclusions The results indicate that NOC-7 may be useful as an ultra–short-acting nitrovasodilator that has no major adverse effect or tolerance.