tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Granulomatous Hepatitis Associated With Sulfadimethoxine Hypersensitivity
Authors: Carmelita R. Espiritu
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A patient had granulomatous reactions in the liver and lymph nodes associated with fever, skin rash, jaundice, and interstitial pneumonitis following a 2-gm dose of sulfadimethoxine (Madribon). The clinical signs, abnormal laboratory findings, and pathological lesions subsided spontaneously three weeks after drug ingestion. This communication represents, to our knowledge, the first instance of sulfadimethoxine-induced hepatitis and the first antemortem documentation of visceral granulomatous reactions produced by sulfonamides. The rapid and spontaneous improvement in clinical and biochemical findings appears to indicate a reversible nature of the lesions.
HOSPITAL CHARGES FOR PEDIATRIC HEART FAILURE RELATED HOSPITALIZATIONS ADMISSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 2000 TO 2009
Authors: Deipanjan Nandi, Kimberly Lin, Matthew O'Connor, Okan Elci, Jeffrey Kim, Jamie Decker, Jack Price, Farhan Zafar, David Morales, Susan Denfield, William Dreyer, John Jefferies, Joseph Rossano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis, interstitial lung disease and hepatitis C
Authors: R.Y. LIN, C.B. CAREN, H. MENIKOFF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A 42-year-old man developed persistent urticaria and angio-oedema responsive to systemic steroids. A skin biopsy revealed leucocytoclastic vasculitis. C4 levels were consistently decreased in the setting of a mildly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Pulmonary function studies revealed a restrictive pattern, and there was eosinophilia in bronchial lavage fluid. Antibody to hepatitis C virus was positive, and there was mild elevation of serum aminotransferase. We believe that this case represents another possible manifestation of immunological disease associated with hepatitis C virus infection.
Should all advertising of cosmetic surgery be banned? No
Authors: S. Taber
Journal: BMJ (2012)

After the recent breast implant debacle, the Department of Health is reviewing cosmetic procedures in the UK, including advertising to the public. <b>Fazel Fatah</b> says advertising preys on patients’ vulnerability and should be banned (doi:10.1136/bmj.e7489), but <b>Sally Taber</b> thinks regulation can give sufficient protection
Poisoning by Phosphorus: Post Mortem Examination
Authors: A. Sheen
Journal: BMJ (1879)

Diphtheria and sore throats are often due to sewer-gas.House No. 12 seems to prove that the poison which generated diphtheria in the child, in the three adults caused bad sore thioats.Several cases of death from puerperal fever have occurred, generally in houses which are subject to bad sanitary arrangements, especially as it regards drainage and ventilation.I have had a large number of abscesses in children during the past summer.In nearly every instance there were strong reasons to believe it to be due to sewer-gas.As a rule, if two or more persons in a house are suffering from summer-diarrhoea, or abscesses, we may suspect sewer-gas.Sewer-gas is especially dangerous to children.Older persons may resist its influence; but in them it will probably be the cause of anmmia, nausea, and headache.In the winter, when the decomposition of sewage-matter is far less active than in the summer, I have found that infantile diarrhoea and abscesses are very few when compared with the number of cases occurring in the summer months.
Distinct recognition phenotypes exist for T cell clones specific for small peptide regions of proteins. Implications for the mechanisms underlying major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen recognition and clonal deletion models of immune response gene defects.
Authors: N Shastri, A Oki, A Miller, E E Sercarz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Using synthetic peptides as antigens, it was found that T cell clones of a given haplotype specific for 13-16 amino acid peptides could be clearly distinguished by the varied influence of amino acid substitutions on recognition. This was true for different antigenic determinants within peptides 81-96 and 74-86 of hen egg-white lysozyme, recognized in the context of the I-Ab and I-Ak molecules, respectively. Considerable complexity was demonstrated in the induced T cell repertoire specific for apparently single determinants, which implies that diversity of T cell recognition approaches that for B cells. The implications of the degeneracy of T cell recognition are discussed in the context of mechanisms through which Ia molecules restrict recognition and theories of Ir gene defects.
Paratyphoid and Dysentery in a Training Ship
Authors: E. R. Peirce
Journal: BMJ (1938)

fident bearing should be encouraged by games and sports, and there should be friendly comradeship with the opposite sex.Summary The posture and deformity of adolescent scoliosis have an affinity with the attitude of bashfulness.This attitude is the expression of the modesty of puberty; it is defensive in origin, and is dependent on an ancestral postural reflex.In certain cases the modesty of puberty deepens into a morbid self-consciousness associated with an exaggeration of the postural reflex of bashfulness; and the consequent long-continued muscular contraction induces the scoliotic posture and deformity.Recognition of the psychological element increases the scope and effect of treatment.
A History of Immunization
Authors: Howard A. Schneider
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Here is a work of love, on which the author has spent over two years after he retired from his post as clinical research director of the Wellcome Research Laboratories in Kent. Dr. Parish is well fitted for his role as historian, for he brings to his work personal contacts with many of the great international figures in the field over two generations, and his own lifetime career in bacteriology and human immunization has provided an intimacy with some of the controversies which still give an 18th-century flavor to an endeavor that currently aspires to belong to the 20th. It all began with Jenner. Or did it? There was the interesting farmer and cattle breeder, Benjamin Jesty, who scratched the arms of his wife and two sons with a "stocking needle" and inserted material from the udders of cows sick with cowpox. All this 20 years before Jenner began his
Retargeting of bile salt export pump and favorable outcome in children with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2
Authors: Sharat Varma, Nicole Revencu, Xavier Stephenne, Isabelle Scheers, Françoise Smets, Ana Beleza‐Meireles, Raymond Reding, Tania Roskams, Etienne M. Sokal
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

We investigated predictors of clinical evolution in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 patients and how they relate to bile salt export pump (BSEP) expression and its (re)targeting. Our retrospective study included 22 children with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2. Clinical, biochemical, and histological characteristics were reviewed on admittance and following treatment with either ursodeoxycholic acid alone (10 mg/kg thrice daily, n = 19) or partial biliary diversion (n = 3). Immunostaining of BSEP was performed in 20 patients. Response to treatment was defined as normalization of pruritus, disappearance of jaundice, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels <1.5 times the upper limit of normal. Ten of 22 patients were responders, and paired biopsies were available in six. De novo or retargeted canalicular expression of BSEP occurred in four of these six, two of whom exhibited baseline intracellular expression. Twelve of 22 were nonresponders and exhibited earlier onset of jaundice (<9 months), neonatal cholestasis, and higher ALT levels. An ALT >165 IU/L produced 72% sensitivity and 55% specificity in predicting nonresponse. Seven patients were still responding at last follow-up (median = 20 months, range 5-67 months). Three responders relapsed after 56, 72, and 82 months, respectively. Of nine surviving responders, median relapse-free survival time was 72 months (95% confidence interval 48-96 months) and 5-year relapse-free survival was 75% (95% confidence interval 33-100%). Intracellular BSEP at baseline was seen in six, of whom five were responders. Genetic analysis was performed in 17 of 22, confirming diagnosis in 13 (76%) and in four (24%) in whom only heterozygous mutation was identified.De novo or retargeted canalicular expression of BSEP occurs in treatment responders; children with late-onset presentation, lower ALT, and intracellular BSEP expression are likely to respond, at least transiently, to nontransplant treatment.
Stimulation of osmotic water flow in toad bladder by prostaglandin E1. Evidence for different compartments of cyclic AMP.
Authors: J Flores, P A Witkum, B Beckman, G W Sharp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on osmotic water flow across toad bladder and cyclic AMP content of the mucosal epithelial cells has been determined under basal conditions and in the presence of either theophylline or antidiuretic hormone (ADH); Under basal conditions and with PGE1 concentrations from 10(-8) to 10(-5) M no evidence of stimulation of water flow was observed, and with 10(-7) M PGE1 a significant inhibition was foundmcyclic AMP content under control conditions was 8 pmol/mg protein. It was 9 at 10(-8) M PGE1, 13 at 10(-7) M, 16 at 10(-6) M, and 23 at 10(-5) M. In the presence of theophylline, 10(-8) and 10(-7) M PGE1 inhibited the theophylline-induced water flow as expected. In contrast, 10(-6) and 10(-5) M PGE1 enhanced the rate of water flow. Theophylline increased cyclic AMP content from 8 to 18 pmol/mg protein. PGE1 in the presence of theophylline caused marked increases in cyclic AMP content; The content was 23 at 10(-7) M, 41 at 10(-6) M, and 130 at 10(-5) M; Thus PGE1 stimulates theophylline-induced water flow at cyclic AMP concentrations somewhere between 23 and 41 pmol/mg. Further evidence along these lines was obtained from experiments in which the effects of PGE1 on ADH-induced water flow were studied. Inhibitory effects of PGE1 were not observed at concentrations of PGE1 which raised the level of intracellular cyclic AMP to 30 pmol/mg protein or higher. These results were obtained despite the fact that all four concentrations of PGE1 tested were found capable of inhibiting ADH-induced water flow under appropriate conditions or, in other words, were inhibiting the adenylate cyclase controlling water flow, Thus the increase in cyclic AMP content in response to PGE1 is not derived from this enzyme. Thus the stimulation of water flow by PGE1 in the presence of theophylline is thought to be caused by cyclic AMP spilling over from one compartment to the water flow compartment. No evidence was obtained to directly suggest spillover into the sodium transport compartment. Furthermore evidence is discussed to suggest that most of the cyclic AMP generated in the tissue does not originate from the enzyme controlling sodium transport. As cyclic AMP-stimulated water flow and sodium transport are thought to occur in one cell type, the granular cells, distinct pools of cyclic AMP are thought to be present in one and the same cell type. Thus one pool controls water flow and one controls sodium transport. With high concentrations of PGE1 in the presence of theophylline or high concentrations of ADH, the adenylate cyclase responsible for water flow is inhibited; However, PGE1 can stimulate a tissue adenylate cyclase to sufficiently high levels that cyclic AMP spills over into the "water flow compartment" and thus stimulates water flow.
Cancer mortality and environmental exposure to DDE in the United States.
Authors: P Cocco, N Kazerouni, S H Zahm
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

To explore the role of DDE, the major and most persistent DDT derivative, in cancer etiology, we examined the association of the 1968 adipose DDE levels of population samples from 22 U.S. states with age-adjusted mortality rates between 1975 and 1994 for multiple myeloma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); and cancer of the breast, corpus uteri, liver, and pancreas. Separate analyses were conducted by gender and race. Covariates in the regression models included average per-capita income, percent metropolitan residents, and the population density. Liver cancer mortality increased significantly with adipose DDE levels in both sexes among whites, but not among African Americans. No association was observed for pancreatic cancer and multiple myeloma. Breast cancer mortality was inversely correlated with adipose DDE levels among both white and African American women. Significant inverse correlations were also observed for uterine cancer among white women, whereas no association was observed for African Americans and for NHL among whites (men and women) and African American women. The results for pancreatic cancer, multiple myeloma, NHL, breast cancer, and uterine cancer did not support the hypothesis of an association with past adipose levels of the DDT derivative DDE. The multivariate analysis confirmed most findings. The association between liver cancer and DDE observed among whites, particularly in view of the occurrence of hepatic neoplasms in laboratory animals exposed to DDT, warrants further investigation.
Regional Vasomotor Tone in Normotensive and Hypertensive Dogs
Authors: ARNOLD H. WILLIAMS, HENRY A. SCHROEDER
Journal: Circulation (1951)

A new method for estimating vasomotor tone in a local circulation by means of the asystolic arterial pressure gradient was applied to the renal, femoral, brachial, and mesenteric vascular beds of normal dogs and of dogs made hypertensive by various technics. The splanchnic circulation apparently contributes the greatest proportion of the increase of resistance in anesthetized hypertensive animals. The correlation of vasomotor tone with diastolic pressure was good only in the mesenteric area. Some differences in these four areas were found between renal and neurogenic hypertension.
Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to recipients of single lung transplants from the same donor.
Authors: A L Ridgeway, G S Warner, P Phillips, M S Forshag, D C McGiffin, J W Harden, R H Harris, W H Benjamin, G L Zorn, N E Dunlap
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Recipients of organ transplants are at increased risk for infection both because of immunosuppression and because of the transfer of microbes through the donor organs. We report two cases of M. tuberculosis disease in recipients of single lung transplants who shared a common donor. Both recipients developed pulmonary tuberculosis, one having fever and pulmonary infiltrates and the other having subclinical disease with M. tuberculosis organisms being recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on both isolates of M. tuberculosis revealed a common source. The donor of both lungs had a normal chest radiograph and no known prior history of M. tuberculosis infection of disease. These cases are the first report of two single lung recipients developing pulmonary tuberculosis from a common donor.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Regulates Post–Myocardial Infarction Remodeling and Stress-Induced Cardiomyocyte Proliferation In Vivo
Authors: Kathleen C. Woulfe, Erhe Gao, Hind Lal, David Harris, Qian Fan, Ronald Vagnozzi, Morgan DeCaul, Xiying Shang, Satish Patel, James R. Woodgett, Thomas Force, Jibin Zhou
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Numerous studies have proposed that glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta is a central regulator of the hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes. However, all of this work has relied on overexpression of GSK-3beta, expression of constitutively active mutants, or small molecule inhibitors with documented off-target effects. Genetic loss of function approaches have not been used in the adult mouse because germ-line deletion of GSK-3beta is embryonic-lethal.This study was designed to define the role played by GSK-3beta in pressure overload (PO)-induced hypertrophy and remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI).We used a mouse model that allows inducible, cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of GSK-3beta in the adult knockout. Surprisingly, we find that knockout mice exposed to PO induced by thoracic aortic constriction exhibit a normal hypertrophic response. Thus, in contrast to virtually all prior published studies, GSK-3beta appears to play at most a minor role in the hypertrophic response to PO stress. However, GSK-3beta does regulate post-MI remodeling because the GSK-3beta knockouts had less left ventricular dilatation and better-preserved left ventricular function at up to 8 weeks post-MI despite demonstrating significantly more hypertrophy in the remote myocardium. Deletion of GSK-3beta also led to increased cardiomyocyte proliferation following PO and MI.Deletion of GSK-3beta protects against post-MI remodeling and promotes stress-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation in the adult heart. These studies suggest that inhibition of GSK-3beta could be a strategy to both prevent remodeling and to promote cardiac regeneration in pathological states.
Reduction of [Ca <sup>2+</sup> ] <sub>i</sub> Restores Uncoupled β-Adrenergic Signaling in Isolated Perfused Transgenic Mouse Hearts
Authors: Vladimir B. Serikov, Natalia N. Petrashevskaya, Amy M. Canning, Arnold Schwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

The effects of alterations in calcium in the perfusion media were studied on β-adrenergic coupling in isolated hearts from 3 different transgenic mice: cardiac-specific overexpressed α 1 subunit of L-type calcium channel, overexpressed Gα q , and phospholamban knockout. Isolated hearts from all 3 models, when studied at [Ca 2+ ] of 2 mmol/L in the perfusate, showed the usual blunted or no response to β-adrenergic stimulation. Lowering [Ca 2+ ] to 0.75 to 1.5 mmol/L unloaded the hearts of calcium and restored to nearly normal the responsiveness to β-agonist stimulation.
Fine Specificity of Human Antibody Response to the Pres1 Domain of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Alfredo Alberti, Daniela Cavalletto, Liliana Chemello, Fabio Beluss, Giovanna Fattovich, Patrizia Pontisso, Gabriele Milanes, Arturo Ruol
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The preS1 domain of hepatitis B virus envelope proteins contains a site of attachment to the hepatocyte membrane that has been shown to evoke virus-neutralizing antibodies. Using synthetic peptides, we have examined kinetics and specificity of the anti-body response to preS1 during acute and chronic HBV infection. Antibodies against two continuous B cell epitopes, p (21-32) and p (32-47), which overlap with the virus receptor for hepatocytes, were detected in 17 (28%) and 28 (47%) patients, respectively, of 60 patients who were tested during acute hepatitis B. Serial testing demonstrated these anti-preS1 specificities in more than 50% of patients who became virus free. By contrast, five patients with chronic evolution of hepatitis B and 61 of 66 patients with an established chronic HBV infection were negative, independent of serological profile and liver disease activity. Fifteen (22.7%) patients with chronic hepatitis B were positive for antibody to the C-terminus p (94-117) preS1 sequence that, unlike the acute-phase anti-(21-32) and anti-(32-47) reactivities, did not behave as a virus-precipitating antibody. Acute-phase sera were found to also contain virus-precipitating antibodies directed against conformational preS1 epitopes. These results indicate that the preS1 site, which contains the binding activity for the hepatocyte membrane, elicits an early antibody response during acute hepatitis B. A defect in such antibody repertoire may participate in the chronicity process as a result of continuing reinfection of hepatocytes by circulating virions.
Ban on Heroin
Authors: R. Hale-White
Journal: BMJ (1956)

As part of a national study evaluating a model of advance care planning (ACP) in community palliative care we conducted interviews and focus groups with health and social care workers providing chronic illness and palliative care services in Aboriginal communities. Many of these communities are in remote areas with limited access to health care facilities. Patients and support people have to leave their country (community land) and travel long distances to receive treatment for cancer, chronic kidney disease or other illnesses. Data analysis indicated the need for conversations and planning for both clinical and the social care. Three major themes arose from the data. The right story: including the use of language, correct information, avoiding unwanted treatment, and knowing the patient9s wishes. Right people: identifying the decision makers, who should be involved in conversations and who should be told, wider dissemination of the story. Finishing up: importance of spiritual well being, ceremony and ritual, familial ties to country, and people present. Implementing ACP enabled a cultural group that is often underserved, to be able to make choices about their treatment options and to finish up – to die in country. We conclude that while Aboriginal practices are specific to their culture, many of the subthemes are relevant to patients and families across cultures. Understanding the deeper social issues that underlie ACP conversations and decision making will enhance health and social care workers ability to implement ACP enabling patients and their families to experience appropriate care.
From ADAMHA
Authors: Donald Ian Macdonald
Journal: JAMA (1985)

ABSTRACT New Peer Review Appeals System: A formal channel has been set up to air complaints about decisions in the processing and review of grant applications to the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration. As published in NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts, the system permits confidential examination of applicants' concerns. The appeals system does not apply to funding decisions, nor is it intended to resolve purely scientific disputes between peer reviewers and investigators. The system is similar to the appeals system in effect at the National Institutes of Health.Scientists Study Fake Cocaine: National Institute on Drug Abuse (Rockville, Md) researchers have found in animal studies that fencamfamine, a noncontrolled compound being sold illicitly as fake cocaine, shares some attributes with cocaine. Marcus Risner, PhD, and Edward Cone, PhD, report that when fencamfamine and cocaine are intravenously self-administered, the drugs are about equally potent in their ability to reinforce
Analysis of mismatch repair genes in hereditary non–polyposis colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Bo Liu, Ramon Parsons, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Nicholas C. Nicolaides, Henry T. Lynch, Patrice Watson, Jeremy R. Jass, Malcolm Dunlop, Andrew Wyllie, Païvi Peltomäki, Albert De La Chapeele, Stanley R. Hamilton, Bert Vocelstein, Kenneth W. Kinzler
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)