tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4376: Biological, biochemical, and molecular targets for dietary catechin-induced suppression of breast cell chronic carcinogenesis
Authors: Kusum Rathore, Xiaoyu Song, Nalin Siriwardhana, Hwa-Chain R. Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract This study is to identify biological, biochemical, and molecular targets for dietary catechins in early prevention of breast cell carcinogenesis induced chronically by environmental carcinogens. Breast cell carcinogenesis is a multiyear, multistep, and multipath disease process and is the most common type of cancer among women in northern America and northern Europe. Epidemiologic and experimental evidence suggests that dietary constituents in fruits and vegetables prevent human cancers; dietary prevention is a cost-efficient strategy to reduce the risk of this disease. However, the mechanisms for dietary prevention of cellular carcinogenesis induced by chronic exposure to environmental carcinogens remain to be elucidated. To identify dietary components for prevention of chronic human breast cell carcinogenesis, we studied biological, biochemical, and molecular target endpoints that were induced by low doses of carcinogens and suppressed by dietary catechins. Immortalized, non-cancerous human breast epithelial MCF10A cells were repeatedly exposed to carcinogens 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and/or benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P), each at picomolar concentrations, to induce cancer-associated biological, biochemical, and molecular properties in cells. We then used these changes as target endpoints to reveal the activity of various dietary catechins in suppression of NNK- and B[α]P-induced cellular carcinogenesis. We identified that cells acquiring the biological properties of reduced dependence on growth factors, anchorage-independent growth, and acinar-conformational disruption were reduced by treatment with dietary catechins. We identified that hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11B2) played a novel role in NNK- and B[α]P-induced cellular carcinogenesis, and its expression acted as a molecular target endpoint in catechin-induced suppression of cellular carcinogenesis. The ability of catechins to reduce gene expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, which can bioactivate NNK and B[α]P, may be involved in the preventive mechanism for catechins in suppression of cellular carcinogenesis. Our model system with biological, biochemical, and molecular target endpoints verified the value of dietary catechins for prevention of human breast cell carcinogenesis induced by repeated exposures to low doses of multiple environmental carcinogens. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4376.
Management of Spontaneous Esophageal Rupture
Authors: Eugene G. Laforet
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In addition to provoking less fanciful observations,The Journalarticle "Nonsurgical Management of Spontaneous Esophageal Perforation" (240:140, 1978) conjures up a vision of George Santayana strolling the Elysian fields with Hermann Boerhaave and consoling him because the lessons of history<sup>1</sup>are so often ignored. Although this is a defect of the human condition to which I too am prone, nevertheless the article raises substantive questions about patient care that warrant discussion. In the first place—a trap for those who have time only to scan titles— the crux of this patient's successful management was closed thoracotomy with tube drainage of the empyema, a procedure that hardly qualifies as nonsurgical. Furthermore, unexplained bilateral pleural effusion in a patient who vomited after a big meal and then had development of chest pain, dyspnea, and fever might reasonably suggest ruptured esophagus. The various laboratory studies done on both effusions would
TCT-525 SuperNOVA Trial Design and Demographic Data: Stenting of the Superficial Femoral and Proximal Popliteal Arteries with the Innova TM Self-Expanding Bare Metal Stent System
Authors: Richard Powell, Stefan Müller-Hülsbeck, Robert Bersin, Herman Schroe, Andrew Benko, Juan Diaz-Cartelle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Increased serum IgE level and interleukin-4 release from cultured lymphocytes from a patient with adult onset Still's disease.
Authors: K Yokoi, E Hosoi, M Nakanishi, T Goto, S Saito
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the relationship between high serum levels of IgE and the release of interleukin-4 (IL-4) from cultured lymphocytes of a patient with adult onset Still9s disease. METHODS--IL-4 concentrations in plasma and culture from inactivated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed by enzyme immunoassay during febrile episodes and remission. RESULTS--A high level of IL-4 was detected by enzyme immunoassay in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured from the patient. These seemed to correspond with a febrile episode and a high serum IgE concentration. CONCLUSION--Increased serum IgE concentrations during a febrile episode are rare in patients with adult onset Still9s disease, but the relationship between the high levels of serum IgE and IL-4 in cultured lymphocytes may provide clues to pathogenesis of the condition.
Care of older people: Falls in late life and their consequences---implementing effective services
Authors: C. G Swift
Journal: BMJ (2001)

This is the last in a series of four articles 

A new national service framework published last week has set out clear standards of care for older people throughout England.1 I consider here the basis for and the implications of the inclusion in the framework of a defined service model for falls and their consequences. Consideration of the service implications of current evidence has become relevant not only in the United Kingdom but wherever demographic and epidemiological trends identify falls as an important health issue.

#### Summary points

Falls and their consequences are a major public health and economic issue

Falls are often a sensitive signal of unidentified and unmet health risk and healthcare need in individual older people

Evidence exists that falls can be prevented

Evidence exists that skilled and well organised clinical management after falls and fractures improves services and so benefits patients

The justification and impetus for a defined service model for treating and managing falls is both well founded and timely. Each year in Britain a third of the population aged over 65 has a fall, and half of these people fall at least twice.2–5 Women are at greater risk (particularly those living alone) than men, with half of all women aged over 85 in any one year having a fall.3–6 As most surveys depend on patients' recall, these figures are probably an underestimate.7 Mortality associated with falls in older people is high.8–11 In 1997, 67% of accidental deaths in females aged over 65 were due to falls.11 Fractured femur is associated with a 33% mortality within one year (probably also an underestimate because of the widespread failure to certify femoral fracture as a cause of death12).10

Patients aged over 75 admitted after an …
F-18 FDG Uptake in a Retroperitoneal Cystic Lymphangioma Mimicking Malignancy
Authors: Aisheng Dong, Yang Wang, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Retroperitoneal lymphangiomas are rare benign cystic tumors and occur because of failure of the developing lymphatic tissue to establish normal communication with the remainder of the lymphatic system. We present a case of retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma that mimicked malignancy on FDG PET-CT. Inhomogeneous FDG accumulation was found in this multicystic tumor. Histopathologic findings suggested that lymphocytes in the fibrous septa may contribute to FDG uptake of this retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma.
Episodic memory in semantic dementia: Implications for the roles played by the perirhinal and hippocampal memory systems in new learning
Authors: Kim S. Graham, John R. Hodges
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Aggleton &amp; Brown (A&amp;B) propose that the hippocampal-anterior thalamic and perirhinal-medial dorsal thalamic systems play independent roles in episodic memory, with the hippocampus supporting recollection-based memory and the perirhinal cortex, recognition memory. In this commentary we discuss whether there is experimental support for the A&amp;B model from studies of long-term memory in semantic dementia.
Targeting the Cell Death-Survival Equation
Authors: Edward J. Benz, David G. Nathan, Ravi K. Amaravadi, Nika N. Danial
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

This issue of CCR Focus comprises four representative articles that closely fit the research interests of Stanley J. Korsmeyer, to whom this volume is dedicated. The first article, and perhaps the most related to Korsmeyer's work, is a review by Nika Danial of the structure and function of the ever
Endocrine responses to marathon running.
Authors: C G Semple, J A Thomson, G H Beastall
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

We have examined the hormone status of ten healthy adult males who completed the Glasgow marathon. Serum thyroxine, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyroid stimulating hormone were unaffected by the exertion. Serum cortisol as well as other steroid hormones, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and oestradiol showed distinct rises (p less than 0.01) but serum testosterone fell significantly (p less than 0.01). There was no change in sex hormone binding globulin capacity but a significant fall in LH levels (p less than 0.05) accompanied the fall in serum testosterone. The mechanism of the fall in serum testosterone in this situation requires clarification but it is unlikely to have adverse consequences.
CCR4 and CCR5 expression in conjunctival specimens as differential markers of TH1/ TH2 in ocular surface disorders
Authors: Christophe Baudouin, Hong Liang, Dominique Bremond-Gignac, Pascale Hamard, Raymond Hreiche, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, Jean-Michel Warnet, Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Phenotypic differences between IgG4+ and IgG1+ B cells point to distinct regulation of the IgG4 response
Authors: Laura C. Lighaam, Ellen Vermeulen, Tamara den Bleker, Kimberley J. Meijlink, Rob C. Aalberse, Eleanor Barnes, Emma L. Culver, S. Marieke van Ham, Theo Rispens
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
The Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Hans Zellweger
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Wett's<sup>1</sup>article in A PIECE OF MY MIND did it to my peace of mind. Delay of recognizing the Prader-Willi (PW) syndrome occurs ever so often. The average age when PW syndrome is diagnosed in boys is close to 10 years and older than 10 years in girls. Many cases remain undiagnosed, notably in girls. This may account for the unexplained and probably spurious sex difference: the ratio of PW syndrome boys to PW syndrome girls is ten to four. All this is in spite of the fact that close to 200 articles on PW syndrome have been published in the last 25 years. A recent monograph on PW syndrome lists more than 600 cases collected from the world literature.<sup>2</sup>An additional 137 cases have been collected in Japan.<sup>3</sup>Thus, the condition is not at all rare and there is no reason to
Proteoglycans in articular cartilage revealed with a quick freezing and deep etching method.
Authors: H Toriumi, H Nakagawa, H Ueda, C G Leng, Y Fujii, S Ohno
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVES: To clarify the three dimensional ultrastructure of proteoglycans, and their relationship with other matrix components in articular cartilage. METHODS: Specimens from rat femoral heads were examined using three techniques: (1) Histochemical staining with cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI), using a pre-embedding or a postembedding method. Some tissues were pretreated with chondroitinase ABC or hyaluronidase. (2) Quick freezing and deep etching (QF-DE). Some specimens were fixed with paraformaldehyde and washed in buffer solution before quick freezing; others were frozen directly. (3) Ultrathin sections were studied after conventional preparation. RESULTS: Proteoglycans were observed as aggregated clumps with PEI staining by the pre-embedding method, but as fine filaments by the postembedding method. They were lost with enzyme digestion; this was also demonstrated by the QF-DE method. The ultrastructure was well preserved by the QF-DE method when fixation and washing procedures were included, but not without these procedures. A fine mesh-like structure was connected to the cell membrane in the pericellular matrix. Filamentous structures suggestive of aggrecans were observed among collagen fibrils. They had side chains, approximately 50 nm in length, which branched from the central filaments at intervals of 10-20 nm, and were occasionally linked to other structures. Many thin filaments were also attached to the collagen fibrils. CONCLUSIONS: The QF-DE method incorporating paraformaldehyde fixation and buffer washing procedures revealed three dimensional, extended structures suggestive of proteoglycans.
Rapid Quantitation of Urine Glucose
Authors: David Pawliger
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Quantitation of glucose in random urine samples, or in urine collections for the 24-hour period, provides useful information for diabetic control. Optimally, a rapid, simple, specific, and inexpensive method is desirable. A modification of the conventional Clinitest Method (Ames, Co.) as evaluated by Cook and Free<sup>1</sup>fulfills these stated criteria to a large extent, although the method is non-specific for glucose. This modification (Two-Drop Clinitest) has not gained wide acceptance. The purpose of this study was to further evaluate the Two-Drop Clinitest Method and to show its usefulness in the management of diabetic patients. <h3>Methods.—</h3> The study was done at Camp Immokalee, Florida's summer camp for diabetic children. Urine from each of 59 campers was collected for 24 hours in 1-gal calibrated glass containers at ambient temperature; no preservative was used. Glucose concentration was determined chemically by the method of Sumner<sup>2</sup>and by the Two-Drop
Genetic polymorphism of mouse immunoglobulin light chains revealed by isoelectric focusing.
Authors: D Gibson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Light chains isolated from normal immunoglobulin of unimmunized mice were analyzed by gel isoelectric focusing. Examination of the focusing patterns of light chains from nine inbred mouse strains showed that six of the strains (SWR/J, C3H/HeJ, DBA/1J, A/J, CBA/J, and C57BL/6J) possessed a virtually identical spectrum of focusing bands, while the remaining three strains (RF/J, AKR/J, and C58/J) showed clear differences involving several bands. Analysis of the light chains of individual SWR/J, C58/J, and F1 hybrid mice indicated that the differences in focusing pattern were inherited in a simple codominant fashion. A new procedure was developed for the rapid analysis of light chains from small quantities of serum.
Priming of the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway by thrombospondin-1, CD36, and spleen tyrosine kinase
Authors: Shideh Kazerounian, Mark Duquette, Millys A. Reyes, James T. Lawler, Keli Song, Carole Perruzzi, Luca Primo, Roya Khosravi-Far, Federico Bussolino, Isaac Rabinovitz, Jack Lawler
Journal: Blood (2011)
Prognostic determinants in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Prospective evaluation of a therapeutic strategy based on clinical, Holter, hemodynamic, and electrophysiological findings.
Authors: L Fananapazir, A C Chang, S E Epstein, D McAreavey
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) frequently have arrhythmias and hemodynamic abnormalities and are prone to sudden death and syncope. An important need exists for improved risk stratification and definition of appropriate investigation and therapy.The relation of 31 clinical, Holter, cardiac catheterization, and electrophysiological (EP) variables to subsequent cardiac events in 230 HCM patients was examined by multivariate analysis. Studies were for cardiac arrest (n = 32), syncope (n = 80), presyncope (n = 52), ventricular tachycardia (VT) on Holter (n = 36), a strong family history of sudden death (n = 9), and palpitations (n = 21). Nonsustained VT on Holter was present in 115 patients (50%). Sustained ventricular arrhythmia was induced in 82 patients (36%). Seventeen cardiac events (eight sudden deaths, one cardiac arrest, and eight syncope with defibrillator discharges) occurred during a follow-up of 28 +/- 19 months. The 1-year and 5-year event-free rates were 99% and 79%, respectively. Two variables were significant independent predictors of subsequent events: sustained ventricular arrhythmia induced at EP study (beta, 3.5; p = 0.002) and a history of cardiac arrest or syncope (beta, 2.9; p less than 0.05). Only two of 66 patients without symptoms of impaired consciousness had a cardiac event (3-year event-free rate, 97%). In contrast, nonsustained VT on Holter was associated with a worse prognosis only in patients with symptoms of impaired consciousness: 11 of 79 symptomatic patients with VT on Holter (14%) had events versus only four of 85 symptomatic patients without VT on Holter (5%) (p = 0.057). Notably, none of 51 patients without symptoms of impaired consciousness in whom VT was not induced at EP study had a cardiac event.In HCM, VT on Holter is of benign prognostic significance in the absence of symptoms of impaired consciousness and inducible VT, and sustained VT induced at EP study, especially when associated with cardiac arrest or syncope, identifies a subgroup at high risk for subsequent cardiac events.
Body Temperatures in the Elderly: A National Study of Physiological, Social, and Environmental Conditions
Authors: R. H. Fox, P. M. Woodward, A. N. Exton-Smith, M. F. Green, D. V. Donnison, M. H. Wicks
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Two large-scale surveys of body temperatures in elderly people living at home were carried out in the winter of 1972. Most of the homes visited were cold with room temperatures below the minimum recommended by the Department of Health. Deep body temperatures below 35.5 degrees C were found in 10% of those studied, and the difference between the skin temperature and the core temperature was also reduced in this group. Such individuals are at risk of developing hypothermia since they show evidence of some degree of thermoregulatory failure. Further research is needed, but meanwhile there are practical measures that could be taken to reduce the risk of hypothermia in the elderly.
Hospitals Embrace Palliative Care
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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Meprobamate Overdosage
Authors: Robert K. Maddock
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Meprobamate intoxication is encountered frequently but is seldom a treatment problem. The relatively short duration of coma and low mortality are due to rapid endogenous metabolism of the drug. In most cases, only supportive therapy is needed. However, when intoxication is severe or is complicated by intercurrent illness or other drugs, treatment with forced diuresis or hemodialysis should be considered. In our experience, the best criteria of profound intoxication were the clinical state of the patient and a plasma meprobamate concentration approaching 20 mg/100 ml.
Mummification of the infarcted myocardium by high dose corticosteroids.
Authors: R A Kloner, M C Fishbein, H Lew, P R Maroko, E Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (1978)

There is evidence that glucocorticoids reduce infarct size but their use in myocardial infarction remains controversial because of their potential adverse effects on healing of the infarct. To investigate the healing process, rats received either four parenteral doses of 50 mg/kg of methylprednisolone (MP) or saline 5 min, 3,6 and 24 hr after coronary occlusion and their hearts were examined by light and electron microscopy 48 hr and seven days after occlusion. At 48 hr, in five untreated rats, only 12 +/- 7% of injured myocytes showed the persistence of striations and a relatively intact sarcolemma despite loss of nuclei and hence appeared "mummified" whereas in six MP-treated rats 72 +/- 8% of myocytes exhibited this appearance (P less than 0.001). In treated rats there were fewer phagocytes than in controls. At seven days, in seven MP-rats, mummified cells were still more prominent than in five untreated rats and there were fewer phagocytes and less collagen. In conclusion, high dose of MP delays the inflammatory process and retards the disintegration of necrotic myocytes, resulting in impaired healing.