tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
4-hydroxynonenal levels are enhanced in fetal liver mitochondria byin utero ethanol exposure
Authors: J. J. Chen, S. Schenker, G. I. Henderson
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Lipid peroxidation has been implicated in ethanol–induced liver injury and observed in fetal liver and brain after maternal ethanol consumption with mitochondria being the target organelles. This process generates a highly reactive and toxic product, 4–hydroxynonenal (HNE). In the present study, HNE levels and metabolism were assessed in mitochondria of fetal and maternal liver after in vivo ethanol exposure. Female Sprague–Dawley rats received five doses of ethanol (4 g/kg orally at 12–hour intervals) and were killed on day 19 of gestation. The results showed that HNE levels were enhanced in hepatic mitochondria of fetal rats exposed to ethanol, far in excess of that in adult liver mitochondria. Measurement of HNE metabolism showed that fetal mitochondria had a lower capacity for HNE catabolism than adult mitochondria. In adult mitochondria, HNE could be metabolized by nicotine adenine dinucleotide–dependent oxidation, reduced glutathione conjugation, and reduced nicotine adenine dinucleotide–dependent reduction, whereas in fetal liver only the former two pathways were active, but to a lesser degree than in adult mitochondria. On the other hand, mitochondria from fetal liver showed a higher production of HNE when oxidative stress was induced with t–butyl hydroperoxide. Prior in vivo ethanol exposure further potentiated HNE formation in t–butyl hydroperoxide–stimulated fetal liver mitochondria, but not in adult mitochondria. These findings indicate that increased levels of HNE in fetal liver mitochondria after maternal ethanol consumption reflect a higher susceptibility to HNE formation in addition to a lesser capacity to metabolize it. The enhanced accumulation of this toxic aldehyde may contribute to oxidative damage observed in fetal tissues after in utero ethanol exposure.
P316 HUMAN KERATIN 8 VARIANTS PREDISPOSE TO ACETAMINOPHEN HEPATOTOXICITY BUT NOT TO DEVELOPMENT OF CHOLESTATIC LIVER DISEASE
Authors: N. Guldiken, Q. Zhou, O. Kucukoglu, M. Rehm, L.P. James, C. Trautwein, M.B. Omary, P. Strnad
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
NON-INVASIVE EVALUATION OF CORONARY ARTERY COLLATERAL FLOW USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Jin-Ho Choi, Young Bin Song, Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung Hyuk Choi, Jae Oh, YeonHyeon Choie, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Disturbed sexual characteristics in male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) from a lake contaminated with endocrine disruptors.
Authors: Gunnar Toft, Thea M Edwards, Erik Baatrup, Louis J Guillette
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Previous laboratory studies have demonstrated that estrogenic and antiandrogenic chemicals can alter several sexual characteristics in male poeciliid fishes. Whether similar disturbances occur under field conditions remains to be confirmed. Lake Apopka, Florida, is contaminated with numerous chemicals, some of which possess endocrine-disrupting activity. Male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) were collected monthly from December 2000 through May 2001 from Lake Apopka and two nearby reference lakes, Orange Lake and Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge. Selected sexual characteristics were compared temporally and among lakes during the collection period. Male fish from Lake Apopka had slightly shorter gonopodia and on average 32 and 47% fewer sperm cells per milligram testis, when compared with the fish collected from Orange Lake and Lake Woodruff, respectively. The testes weights increased markedly during spring, with significantly smaller testes in fish from Lake Apopka than from Orange Lake, but surprisingly, the smallest testes occurred in males obtained from the Lake Woodruff population. The highest liver weights were found in the Lake Apopka population. Whole-body concentrations of testosterone and estradiol varied among months; the peak testosterone concentration occurred in January and was significantly lower in male fish from Lake Apopka compared with Orange Lake. The intensity of male courtship behavior was highly correlated to body testosterone concentration, but no statistically significant differences in sexual behavior among the lakes were found. We conclude that sexual characteristics of relevance to male reproductive capacity are altered in the Lake Apopka mosquitofish population, and we discuss the presence of chemicals with antiandrogenic effects in Lake Apopka as a possible cause of the observed alterations.
“Fighting spirit” after cancer diagnosis does not improve outcome
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Having a fighting spirit in response to a diagnosis of breast cancer does not improve the chances of survival, according to new research that tracked more than 500 women for 10 years. But women who were classed as having a helpless or hopeless response to their diagnosis were more likely to relapse or to die.

In the study, which was published online ahead of print in the European Journal of Cancer (doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2005.01.012), researchers looked at psychological responses to diagnosis, including helplessness or hopelessness and fighting spirit, and compared them with outcomes 10 years later.

All the women in the study had …
Late diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis and underlying disease influence response to treatment
Authors: P J Manning, W Sutherland, J I Mann
Journal: BMJ (1997)

This patient with diabetic ketoacidosis has the chylomicronaemia syndrome with plasma triglyceride concentrations in excess of about 45 mmol/l as judged by the presence of lipaemia retinalis. In addition, cerebral oedema, lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, and sepsis may also be present.

A reduced level of consciousness in a child with diabetic ketoacidosis may indicate the presence of cerebral oedema. The potential consequences of cerebral oedema justify immediate administration of intravenous mannitol followed by computed tomography or magnetic imaging resonance scanning of the brain to confirm or refute this diagnosis. The diabetic ketoacidosis should be managed in the usual manner with particular attention paid to maintaining optimal fluid balance and glucose control. …
Incidental Finding of Subacute Hematoma on PET/CT Following Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Joshua Nickerson, Jonathan Fairbank, George Ebert
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 55-year-old male with known gastroesophageal junction carcinoma presented for staging PET/CT examination. In addition to increased activity in the region of the known malignancy, a mass was found extending along the right psoas muscle from the level of the lower pole of the kidney to the inguinal ligament and into the soft tissues of the groin. This mass demonstrated increased activity at its periphery and had not been present on a CT scan done only 20 days prior. Further history revealed that the patient had undergone a difficult cardiac catheterization 10 days prior. Subacute hematoma was diagnosed.
Conventional versus stealth lipid nanoparticles: Formulation and in vivo fate prediction through FRET monitoring
Authors: A.-L. Lainé, J. Gravier, M. Henry, L. Sancey, J. Béjaud, E. Pancani, M. Wiber, I. Texier, J.-L. Coll, J.-P. Benoit, C. Passirani
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Estrogen Therapy and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Jack E. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —Recent epidemiologic data have refocused attention on the role played by estrogen and progesterone in the etiology of breast cancer. 1 In theory, the greater the lifetime exposure to estrogen, the higher the likelihood for the development of breast cancer. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a common treatment for the symptoms of menopause as well as protective therapy for subsequent osteoporosis and coronary artery disease. This treatment has not been shown to increase the risk for breast cancer in women other than those with a strong family history or more than 10 years of therapy. 2,3   It is well known that as women approach and pass through menopause the breast parenchyma becomes less dense on mammography. In this setting, subtle areas of architectural distortion and tiny occult malignant masses are more clearly visible. In addition, most false-negative mammograms of clinically palpable malignant masses are due to obscuration
New Developments in Antibiotics
Authors: MAXWELL FINLAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

The classes of anti-infective agents and the numbers in each class that are currently available and in use in the United States are listed, and current activity with respect to discovery and development of new drugs in the most widely used categories is briefly reviewed. Fifteen major areas for future research in the therapy and control of infectious diseases are recommended, and the relative roles for industry, academic and clinical investigators, and government (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) in these areas are discussed. There are many problems requiring extensive research and financial support.
Abstract 2675: 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging analyses for liver metastases of human colon cancer xenografts in NOG mice.
Authors: Tsuyoshi Chijiwa, Kenji Kawai, Hideo Tsukada, Hiroshi Suemizu, Masato Nakamura
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in the world, and its prognosis is generally poor. Liver metastases of colorectal cancer significantly affect the fates of patients. To further understand the pathological aspects of distant metastases, we have established liver metastasis models of human colon cancer xenografts in immune-deficient NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγnull (NOG) mice. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography / x-ray computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) is useful in the clinical evaluation of various human cancers. While PET analysis was established to evaluate subcutaneous lesions of human cancer xenografts in mice, its application to internal lesions including liver metastases is still being developed. We applied PET approaches for the evaluation of in vivo metastatic lesions in the internal organs of living small experimental animals. In this study, we analyzed in vivo liver metastases of human colon cancer cell lines in NOG mice using PET imaging. Experimental liver metastases were established by intrasplenic injection of human colon cancer cell line HCT116 (1.0 x 105 or 1.0 x 106 cells/mouse). 18F-FDG-PET/CT scans were performed 2 weeks after xeno-transplantation. After PET/CT scans, histopathological examinations were also performed to precisely confirm lesions. 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging clearly demonstrated multiple hot spots on livers in spite of disadvantages in the contrast between tumor soft tissues and markedly swollen livers. PET/CT analysis also disclosed increased standardized uptake values (SUV) of FDG in metastatic foci of NOG mice (control, SUVmean 0.450 ± 0.033, SUVmax 0.635 ± 0.017; 1.0 x 105 cells, 0.853 ± 0.087, 1.254 ± 0.237; 1.0 x 106 cells, 1.211 ± 0.108, 1.701 ± 0.158). There were significant differences in FDG uptakes between the three groups (ANOVA, p=0.017 in SUVmean, p=0.044 in SUVmax, n=2). We clearly and quantitatively detected liver metastasis images in NOG mice by 18F-FDG-PET/CT in vivo. Immunohistochemical examinations confirmed more metastatic foci and more severe hepatomegaly with 1.0 x 106 than 1.0 x 105 of HTC116 cell inoculations. PET/CT analysis of human cancer xenografts is a new and reliable system to evaluate metastatic lesions in internal organs. In conclusion, this model system is useful for analyzing metastatic mechanisms and developing new therapeutic approaches for the liver metastatic lesions of human cancer. Citation Format: Tsuyoshi Chijiwa, Kenji Kawai, Hideo Tsukada, Hiroshi Suemizu, Masato Nakamura. 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging analyses for liver metastases of human colon cancer xenografts in NOG mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2675. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2675
Corrective GUSB transfer to the canine mucopolysaccharidosis VII cornea using a helper-dependent canine adenovirus vector
Authors: Nicolas Serratrice, Aurelie Cubizolle, Sandy Ibanes, Nadine Mestre-Francés, Neus Bayo-Puxan, Sophie Creyssels, Aurelie Gennetier, Florence Bernex, Jean-Michel Verdier, Mark E. Haskins, Guilhem Couderc, Francois Malecaze, Vasiliki Kalatzis, Eric J. Kremer
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND SEVERITY OF DYSPNOEA ACCORDING TO FRAILTY STATUS IN OLDER PATIENTS (≥75 YEARS) WITH NON ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION MANAGED BY INVASIVE STRATEGY
Authors: Murugapathy Veerasamy, Hannah Sinclair, Weiliang Qiu, Vijayalakshmi Kunadian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Obama asks Congress "to finish its work" on health reform
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

President Barack Obama has pushed forward on US health reform, calling on Congress to finish the work it had almost completed after more than a year of debate.

He expressed the hope of getting a final bill passed within weeks and indicated that he would use a complicated procedure called reconciliation to do it.

Americans are divided on health reform, with many fearing a government takeover of health care. The president’s prestige and the fate of the Democrats in the November 2010 elections may hang on health reform. All seats in the House of Representatives are up for election in November, as are a third of Senate seats.

“I believe the United States Congress owes the American people a final vote on healthcare reform . . . Reform has already passed the House with a majority. It has already passed the Senate with a super-majority of 60 votes,” said President Obama. Now was the time for Congress to vote yes or no.

Standing among white coated medical professionals at a White House meeting, he said, “Every idea …
Targeted Delivery of PLK1-siRNA by ScFv Suppresses Her2 <sup>+</sup> Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Yan-dan Yao, Tian-meng Sun, Song-yin Huang, Shuang Dou, Ling Lin, Jia-ning Chen, Jian-bin Ruan, Cheng-qiong Mao, Feng-yan Yu, Mu-sheng Zeng, Jian-ye Zang, Qiang Liu, Feng-xi Su, Peter Zhang, Judy Lieberman, Jun Wang, Erwei Song
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

A major obstacle to developing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as cancer drugs is their intracellular delivery to disseminated cancer cells. Fusion proteins of single-chain fragmented antibodies (ScFvs) and positively charged peptides deliver siRNAs into specific target cells. However, the therapeutic potential of ScFv-mediated siRNA delivery has not been evaluated in cancer. Here, we tested whether Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) siRNAs complexed with a Her2-ScFv-protamine peptide fusion protein (F5-P) could suppress Her2(+) breast cancer cell lines and primary human cancers in orthotopic breast cancer models. PLK1-siRNAs transferred by F5-P inhibited target gene expression, reduced proliferation, and induced apoptosis of Her2(+) breast cancer cell lines and primary human cancer cells in vitro without triggering an interferon response. Intravenously injected F5-P/PLK1-siRNA complexes concentrated in orthotopic Her2(+) breast cancer xenografts and persisted for at least 72 hours, leading to suppressed PLK1 gene expression and tumor cell apoptosis. The intravenously injected siRNA complexes retarded Her2(+) breast tumor growth, reduced metastasis, and prolonged survival without evident toxicity. F5-P-mediated delivery of a cocktail of PLK1, CCND1, and AKT siRNAs was more effective than an equivalent dose of PLK1-siRNAs alone. These data suggest that F5-P could be used to deliver siRNAs to treat Her2(+) breast cancer.
Integrins of normal human epidermis: differential expression, synthesis and molecular structure
Authors: C.EBERHARD KLEIN, T. STEINMAYER, J.M. MATTES, R. KAUFMANN, L. WEBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

The expression of integrin cell surface receptors in normal skin and their synthesis and molecular structure in keratinocyte cultures was investigated. The reactivity of four different polypeptides of the integrin family (α2‐,α3‐,α6‐ and β1‐chains) was demonstrated in the basal cell layer of normal epidermis. Studies of labelled keratinocyte cell lines showed that the polypeptides were expressed as α2β1, α3β1 and α6β4 integrins. Only the α6β4 integrin showed polarization towards the basement membrane attachment site of basal layer keratinocytes, and was preferentially expressed at microvillous projections. In contrast, α2β1 and α3β1 integrins were equally expressed throughout the basal cell plasma membrane.
Drinking declines and smoking reaches all time low in Great Britain
Authors: Henry Creagh
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Alcohol and tobacco consumption in Great Britain is on a downward trend, according to two new reports from the Office for National Statistics.

The General Household Survey report, Smoking and Drinking Among Adults 2006 , shows that managers are drinking more heavily than their workforces, the English are out-drinking the Scots and the Welsh, and smoking is on a slow but steady decline.

Men and women in “routine and manual” households drank an average of 11.6 units of alcohol a week and were the lowest consumers. The greatest consumers were people in “managerial and professional” households, who drank an average of 14 units a week.

Average consumption of alcohol …
Improving Outcomes Following In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Paul S. Chan, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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Cowpox/catpox infection
Authors: J.P. VESTEY, D.L. YIRRELL, R.D. ALDRIDGE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

A 19‐year‐old veterinary nurse developed a cowpox/catpox virus (CPV) infection of her right third finger following a scratch from a tom cat suffering from pneumonia. The clinical course and investigation of the infection are described and the differential diagnosis discussed.
US media organisation uses Facebook to build interest in patient harm
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2012)

ProPublica (www.propublica.org/about/), a not for profit media organisation based in New York, has launched a Facebook page (www.facebook.com/groups/209024949216061/ ) for patients who have been harmed by healthcare.

The ProPublica Patient Harm Community, which is also open to health professionals, regulators, service managers, and the wider community, has gained more than 600 members since launching in early May.

ProPublica says it wants this “experiment in social media” to build a community interested in discussing patient harm, its causes, and solutions. It plans to post questions and answers with experts and provide links to reports, research, and policy proposals.

According to a report from …
Christmas dinner for doctors on duty: it's grimmer up north
Authors: E. J. Gosnell
Journal: BMJ (2014)

For the first time in four years of working in the NHS, I won’t be on duty on Christmas Day. It got me thinking—what am I most looking forward to? After considering a range of alcoholic drinks and a day without a bleep, I settled on Christmas dinner. For me it’s the central event of the day, so why have I been starved of this luxury when I …
THE DANGER OF INCOMPLETE REMOVAL OF SMALL AND APPARENTLY INNOCENT LESIONS
Authors: Joseph C. Bloodgood
Journal: JAMA (1926)

To the Editor:  —I wish to call attention to a life-saving and fundamental fact in the treatment of small tumors. Now that many persons are receiving correct information and are reporting for examination at once, or very quickly, after they feel the little tumor or mass, there is danger that this apparently innocent neoplasm may be incompletely removed by shelling out, or enucleating or by removing by blunt dissection, or by cutting the tissue with the knife too closely to the capsule or border of the tumor.  A patient wanted a wen in the scalp removed. It was about 2 cm. in diameter and had been present many years. There had been no evidence of recent growth; there had been no pain or tenderness. It has always been my rule to remove all such tumors completely, so that if the microscopic examination showed malignancy, it would be unnecessary to remove
Pneumococcal Infection and Pneumococcal Vaccine
Authors: Robert Austrian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) is a major cause of pneumonia, otitis media and meningitis throughout the world. Although the mortality resulting from pneumococcal infection has declined strikingly since the introduction of the sulfonamides, penicillin and other antibiotics, what limited epidemiologic evidence is available suggests that the attack rates of pneumococcal infections have diminished little, if at all. The pneumococcus is still the major cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, and it is estimated that there are now approximately a half million pneumococcal pneumonias annually in the United States. Pneumococcal otitis media is one of the commonest bacterial infections of infancy and . . .