tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Inflammatory Effects of 2 ppm NO<sub>2</sub>on the Airways of Healthy Subjects
Authors: ANDERS BLOMBERG, MAMIDIPUDI T. KRISHNA, VINCENZO BOCCHINO, GIAN LUCA BISCIONE, JANIS K. SHUTE, FRANK J. KELLY, ANTHONY J. FREW, STEPHEN T. HOLGATE, THOMAS SANDSTRÖM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a free radical and a common oxidant in polluted air. Here we present data on the time course of inflammation after NO2 exposure, as reflected in bronchial biopsy and airway lavage specimens. Healthy, nonsmoking subjects were exposed to air or 2 ppm NO2 for 4 h in random order on separate occasions. Endobronchial biopsies, bronchial washing (BW), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were done at 1.5 h (n = 15) or 6 h (n = 15) after exposure. In BW, exposure to NO2 induced a 1.5-fold increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) (p < 0.05) at 1.5 h and a 2.5-fold increase in neutrophils (p < 0.01) at 6 h. In BAL fluid (BALF), small increases were observed in CD45RO+ lymphocytes, B-cells, and natural killer (NK) cells only. Immunohistologic examination of bronchial biopsy specimens showed no signs of upregulation of adhesion molecules, and failed to reveal any significant changes in inflammatory cells at either time point after NO2 exposure. In summary, NO2 induced a neutrophilic inflammation in the airways that was detectable in BW at 6 h after NO2 exposure. The increase in neutrophils could be related to the enhanced IL-8 secretion observed at 1.5 h after exposure. The absence of adhesion-molecule upregulation or cellular inflammation in mucosal biopsy specimens indicates that the major site of inflammation following exposure to NO2 may be in the smaller airways and not in the alveoli.
Major Reform in the Oldest of the Health-Insurance Programs: Workmen's Compensation and Industrial Health and Safety
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE grandfather of all of the health-insurance programs of the Western World is workmen's compensation. The first programs were introduced in central Europe in the mid-1800s. David Lloyd George brought the idea back to England after a trip to Germany just before the turn of the century, and the first English law was passed in 1897. It was amended in 1906 and remains the basic law in the field in Great Britain to this day. The workmen's compensation program was the forerunner of England's first National Health Insurance plan passed in 1911. Characteristically, the 1911 program covered only working people, . . .
Abstract 4805: Index-based dietary patterns and risk of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer in the NIH-AARP diet and health study.
Authors: Wen-qing Li, Yikyung Park, Jennifer W. Wu, Jian-song Ren, Alisa M. Goldstein, Philip R. Taylor, Albert R. Hollenbeck, Neal D. Freedman, Christian C. Abnet
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background Diet may affect esophageal and gastric cancer risk, but associations have been inconsistent. Due to the complexity of the diet, studies of dietary patterns may elucidate the associations between diet and cancer better than studies of individual foods. Yet, studies evaluating the association between index-based dietary patterns and incident esophageal and gastric cancers have been sparse. Objectives We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association between two diet quality indices, the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) and the alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED), and risk of esophageal and gastric cancers in the United States. Methods In sum, 494,968 participants from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health study completed a self-administered baseline food frequency questionnaire which was used to estimate scores for each index. Results During the follow-up (1995-2006), we documented 215 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC), 633 esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC), 453 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas, and 501 gastric noncardia adenocarcinomas. Higher scores in the HEI-2005, reflecting healthy eating patterns, were associated with a reduced risk of ESCC (the highest quintile compared to lowest: hazard ratio (HR) =0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31-0.86, Ptrend =0.001), and EAC (HR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.57-0.98, Ptrend=0.01). We observed an inverse association of ESCC with higher diet quality as assessed by aMED, but not for EAC. No significant associations for gastric cardia or noncardia adenocarcinomas were found with either HEI-2005 or aMED. Conclusions In this prospective study, the HEI-2005 was inversely associated with risk of both ESCC and EAC, while the aMED was associated with reduced risk of ESCC, suggesting that adherence to dietary recommendations may help prevent esophageal cancer. Citation Format: Wen-qing Li, Yikyung Park, Jennifer W. Wu, Jian-song Ren, Alisa M. Goldstein, Philip R. Taylor, Albert R. Hollenbeck, Neal D. Freedman, Christian C. Abnet. Index-based dietary patterns and risk of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4805. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4805
Leukemia in Identical Twins: New Implications for Viral Oncology.
Authors: Paul H. Levine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Leukemia in Identical Twins: New Implications for Viral Oncology.Paul H. Levine, M.D., F.A.C.P., Ronald Herberman, M.D., Peter McClure, M.D., Eugene Rosenberg, M.D., Augustine Roland, M.D., Roman Pienta, Ph.D., Robert Ting, Ph.D., Brigid Leventhal, M.D., Daniel Rubin, Ph.D.Paul H. Levine, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Ronald Herberman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Peter McClure, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Eugene Rosenberg, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Augustine Roland, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Roman Pienta, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert Ting, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Brigid Leventhal, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Daniel Rubin, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-837_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince RNA viruses have been shown to cause leukemia in mice, rats, cats, and birds, intensive studies have attempted to link similar viruses with human leukemia. In the absence of a demonstrable human leukemia virus, immunological attempts to detect viral antigens have been hampered by lack of suitable controls. This study of identical twins, one with leukemia and one clinically normal, provided an excellent opportunity to use a variety of test procedures to detect an antigen in the leukemic patient, possibly tumor-specific, that would not be present in the identical twin. Four sets of identical twins, all children with acute... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul H. Levine, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Ronald Herberman, M.D.; Peter McClure, M.D.; Eugene Rosenberg, M.D.; Augustine Roland, M.D.; Roman Pienta, Ph.D.; Robert Ting, Ph.D.; Brigid Leventhal, M.D.; Daniel Rubin, Ph.D.Affiliations: Bethesda. Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 837-837KeywordsAntigensChildrenMonozygotic twinsRNA viruses ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Essential role of the RNA-binding protein HuR in progenitor cell survival in mice
Authors: Mallika Ghosh, Hector Leonardo Aguila, Jason Michaud, Youxi Ai, Ming-Tao Wu, Annabrita Hemmes, Ari Ristimaki, Caiying Guo, Henry Furneaux, Timothy Hla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The RNA-binding protein HuR (also known as ELAV1) binds to the 3′-untranslated region of mRNAs and regulates transcript stability and translation. However, the in vivo functions of HuR are not well understood. Here, we report that murine HuR is essential for life; postnatal global deletion of Elavl1 induced atrophy of hematopoietic organs, extensive loss of intestinal villi, obstructive enterocolitis, and lethality within 10 days. Upon Elavl1 deletion, progenitor cells in the BM, thymus, and intestine underwent apoptosis, whereas quiescent stem cells and differentiated cells were unaffected. The survival defect of hematopoietic progenitor cells was cell intrinsic, as transplant of Elavl1–/– BM led to compromised hematopoietic reconstitution but did not cause lethality. Expression of p53 and its downstream effectors critical for cell death were induced in progenitor cells as HuR levels declined. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, HuR bound to and stabilized the mRNA for Mdm2, a critical negative regulator of p53. Furthermore, cell survival was restored by expression of Mdm2 in Elavl1–/– cells, suggesting that HuR keeps p53 levels in check in progenitor cells and thereby promotes cell survival. This regulation of cell stress response by HuR in progenitor cells, which we believe to be novel, could potentially be exploited in cytotoxic anticancer therapies as well as stem cell transplant therapy.
Quantitative Immuno cytochemical Assays of P-glycoprotein in Breast Carcinomas: Correlation to Messenger RNA Expression and to Immunohistochemical Prognostic Indicators
Authors: C. Charpin, P. Vielh, F. Duffaud, B. Devictor, L. Andrac, M. N. Lavaut, C. Allasia, N. Horschowski, L. Piana
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Background: Chemotherapy failure that is due to cellular drug resistance remains a major problem in most cancer patients. One type of drug resistance that has been characterized is the multidrug resistance phenomenon, which demonstrates a reduced ability of cancer cells to accumulate drugs as a result of the effects of an energy-dependent unidirectional drug efflux pump with a broad substrate specificity. This drug pump is composed of a 170-kd transmembrane glycoprotein referred to as the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that uses energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate to transport drugs through a channel formed by transmembrane segments. Purpose : Our purpose was to detect the levels of P-gp expression in frozen untreated breast carcinomas by immunocytochemical assays and to correlate these levels to current prognostic indicators and, in a few cases, to MDR1 (also known as PGY1) mRNA expression by poly merase chain reaction (PCR). Methods : The immunocytochemical expression of the multidrug resistance gene, P-gp, was investigated using a specific monoclonal antibody (JSB1) against P-gp in 5-μm frozen sequential sections of breast carcinomas obtained from 213 patients. Microscopic images of immunostained preparations were evaluated by image analysis and were compared with MDR1 transcription (mRNA) assessed by PCR in 16 patients. Quantitative P-gp immunocytochemical assays were correlated to histoprognostic factors and immunocytochemical indicators. Results : Among the 213 breast carcinomas tested, 113 (53%) were P-gp positive, but in 28% of the tumors, the immunostained surface accounted for less than 5% of the total area stained. Quantitative immunocytochemistry reflecting the amount of intracellular P-gp antigen strongly correlated ( r = 0.865 two-sided, P <.0001; Pearson's test) with the quantitative evaluation of the scanner analysis of mRNA transcripts. The P gp expression was significantly (two-sided, P <.001) correlated with p53 expression in tumors, to cathepsin D and Ki67 (two-sided, P <.01) immunoreactivity, and to a lesser extent, the detection of estrogen receptor antigenic sites (two-sided, P =.019). P-gp expression was found to be independent of expressions of progesterone receptor and pS2, pHER-2/neu, and CD31 in tumors and from patient age, tumor size, histologic types, grades and Nottingham prognostic index, and nodal status. Conclusions : The quantitative im munocytochemical assays of P-gp are correlated to PCR analysis of MDR1 expression, and such correlations can be useful in evaluating potential multidrug resistance in breast cancer. However, the clinical significance of P-gp immunodetections remains to be further determined. [J Natl Cancer Inst 86:1539-1545, 1994]
Volume-Outcome Relationships for Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in the Stent Era
Authors: Edward L. Hannan, Chuntao Wu, Gary Walford, Spencer B. King, David R. Holmes, John A. Ambrose, Samin Sharma, Stanley Katz, Luther T. Clark, Robert H. Jones
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Most studies that are the basis of recommended volume thresholds for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) predate the routine use of stent placement.Data from New York's Percutaneous Coronary Interventions Reporting System in 1998 to 2000 (n=107 713) were used to examine the impact of annual hospital volume and annual operator volume on in-hospital mortality, same-day coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, and same-stay CABG surgery after adjustment for differences in patients' severity of illness. For a hospital-volume threshold of 400, the odds ratios for low-volume hospitals versus high-volume hospitals were 1.98 (95% CI, 1.17, 3.35) for in-hospital mortality, 2.07 (95% CI, 1.36, 3.15) for same-day CABG surgery, and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.03, 2.21) for same-stay CABG surgery. For an operator-volume threshold of 75, the odds ratios for low-volume versus high-volume operators were 1.65 (95% CI, 1.05, 2.60) for same-day CABG surgery and 1.55 (95% CI, 1.10, 2.18) for same-stay CABG surgery. Operator volume was not significantly associated with mortality. Also, for hospital volumes below 400 and operator volumes below 75, the respective odds of mortality, same-day CABG surgery, and same-stay CABG surgery were 5.92, 4.02, and 3.92 times the odds for hospital volumes of 400 or higher and operator volumes of 75 or higher.Higher-volume operators and hospitals continue to experience lower risk-adjusted PCI outcome rates.
Whole-Body Subcellular Multicolor Imaging of Tumor-Host Interaction and Drug Response in Real Time
Authors: Meng Yang, Ping Jiang, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

To noninvasively image cancer cell/stromal cell interaction in the tumor microenvironment and drug response at the cellular level in live animals in real time, we developed a new imageable three-color animal model. The model consists of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing mice transplanted with dual-color cancer cells labeled with GFP in the nucleus and red fluorescent protein in the cytoplasm. The Olympus IV100 Laser Scanning Microscope, with ultra-narrow microscope objectives ("stick objectives"), is used for three-color whole-body imaging of the two-color cancer cells interacting with the GFP-expressing stromal cells. In this model, drug response of both cancer and stromal cells in the intact live animal is also imaged in real time. Various in vivo phenomena of tumor-host interaction and cellular dynamics were imaged, including mitotic and apoptotic tumor cells, stromal cells interacting with the tumor cells, tumor vasculature, and tumor blood flow. This new model system enables the first cellular and subcellular images of unperturbed tumors in the live intact animal. New visible real-time targets for novel anticancer agents are provided in this model, including the color-coded interacting cancer and stromal cells, tumor vasculature, and blood flow. This imageable model should lead to many new insights of in vivo cancer cell biology and to novel drug discovery.
Protein kinases as targets for anticancer agents: from inhibitors to useful drugs
Authors: Doriano Fabbro, Stephan Ruetz, Elisabeth Buchdunger, Sandra W Cowan-Jacob, Gabriele Fendrich, Janis Liebetanz, Jürgen Mestan, Terence O'Reilly, Peter Traxler, Bhabatosh Chaudhuri, Heinz Fretz, Jürg Zimmermann, Thomas Meyer, Giorgio Caravatti, Pascal Furet, Paul W Manley
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2002)
Studies of Mechanism of Action and Effectiveness of Ethacrynic Acid, A New and Unique Diuretic Agent.
Authors: Paul J. Cannon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Studies of Mechanism of Action and Effectiveness of Ethacrynic Acid, A New and Unique Diuretic Agent.Paul J. Cannon, M.D., John H. Laragh, M.D.Paul J. Cannon, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John H. Laragh, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-738_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEthacrynic acid has been found to be a most potent natriuretic and diuretic agent in man. The compound is an unsaturated ketone derivative of phenoxyacetic acid, chemically entirely different from previously known diuretic agents. The present study of over 50 patients suggests that its mode of action is also unique.Oral dosages of 100 to 200 mg per day produced marked increases in sodium chloride and water excretion and clearing of edema fluid in refractory patients with congestive heart failure or with cirrhosis and ascites. It was often effective when all other measures had failed. Its diuretic effects were additive... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 738-739KeywordsAscitesCirrhosisDiureticsEdemaExcretionHeart failureKetonesNatriuretic peptidesSodium chloride Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Gallbladder in Polycystic Liver Disease
Authors: Alan B. Hollingsworth
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  In a BRIEF REPORT entitled The Gallbladder in Polycystic Liver Disease (1981;246:864), Woodring et al aptly describe how polycystic liver disease can mimic intrinsic disease of the gallbladder. An even more unusual circumstance can occur when polycystic liver disease secondarily induces truly surgical problems in the gallbladder.  Report of a Case.—  A 59-year-old man, who eight years earlier underwent bilateral nephrectomy for end-stage renal failure secondary to polycystic kidney disease, had a ten-day history of symptoms compatible with biliary colic. Because findings from the usual diagnostic tests (an oral cholecystogram and ultrasound) were inconclusive, the patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, which showed complete cystic duct obstruction owing to a rounded lesion 1 cm from the junction of the cystic and common hepatic ducts. This was assumed to be a gallstone impacted in the cystic duct, but operative findings showed the lesion to be an intraluminal cyst that
Pylorospasm in the Adult, Complicated by Uraemia
Authors: E. N. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Physician With Charge of Out-patients, Middlesex Hospital Fifteen years ago I devised a reducing diet, and have since used it for a large number of patients.The essential instructions are as follows:1. Eat or drink as much as you like (or can get) of Lean meat, poultry, game, rabbit, hare, liver, kidney, heart, sweetbread-cooked in any way, but without addition of flour, breadcrumbs, or thick sauces.Fish (not tinned), boiled or steamed only; no thick sauce.Eggs, boiled or poached only.Potatoes, boiled, steamed, or baked in skins, but not fried, roast, saut6, or " chips "; not potato powder.Other vegetables of all kinds (fresh, tinned, or dried) cooked in any way not involving the use of fat.Salad and tomatoes without oil or mayonnaise.Beetroot, radishes, watercress, parsley.Fresh fruit of any kind, including bananas.Also bottled fruit if bottled without sugar.Not tinned or dried fruits (including dates, figs, and raisins).Sour pickles, not sweet pickles or chutneys.Clear soup, broth, " bovril," " oxo," " marmite."Salt, pepper, mustard, vinegar, Worcester sauce (no other sauces).Saccharin for sweetening.Water, soda-water, and non-sweetened mineral waters.Tea and coffee (milk only as allowed below).2.You may have milk (not condensed) up to half a pint (284 ml.) daily.No cream.3.You may have three very small pieces of bread per day and take them either one at each main meal or all three at one meal as desired (" very small " means not exceeding 1 oz.- 28 g.).4. You may have nothing else whatever; particularly note that this means:No butter, margarine, fat, or oil (except for cooking meat, not fish).No sugar, jam, marmalade, honey, sweets, chocolate, cocoa.No puddings, ices, dried or tinned fruits, nuts.No bread (except as above), cake, biscuits, toast, patent reducing breads, cereals, oatmeal, "all-bran," " ryvita,"" vitawheat.
CHRONIC STENOSING GASTRITIS
Authors: HORACE W. SOPER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Metastasis often follows rapidly on an incision.It seems best to open the scrotum and then, if we should find an infiltrated hydrocele, the procedure is simple, but if we think that the growth is malignant we can make a frozen section and deter- mine its nature at once; if it is malignant, we must take out all the glands as far as possible retroperitoneally.Du. Hugh Cabot, Boston : In regard to the management of the vas the point to be remembered is that the involvement of the vesicle and the prostate bears no relation whatever to the involvement of the vas.The process does not reach the vesicle and prostate by continuity, but, ¡is I believe, by the lymphatics.It is not easy to determine the amount of involvement of the vas.You will often find nodules separated
Active Uptake of Copper and Zinc during Haemodialysis
Authors: J. Blomfield, J. McPherson, C. R. P. George
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The uptake of copper and zinc by patients undergoing regular haemodialysis has been assessed by measuring the dialysis fluid for copper and zinc concentration, and the blood entering and leaving the dialysis coil for red cell copper, plasma free copper, and plasma zinc levels during priming of the coil and subsequent haemodialysis, and by in-vitro studies.Red cells avidly removed copper from dialysis fluid when mixed with saline during priming, but did not take up copper during the haemodialysis. At both these stages plasma actively took up both copper and zinc from dialysis fluid, even against a concentration gradient, so that loss of these metals from plasma to dialysis fluid did not occur.In the dialysis systems investigated the sources of the copper in the dialysis fluid were the copper plumbing of the tap-water and the dialysis coil, and the major source of zinc was the zinc oxide of the adhesive plaster around the dialysis coil.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Associated Colitis with a Histology of Collagenous Colitis
Authors: K. Yagi, A. Nakamura, A. Sekine, H. Watanabe
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Here we report a case of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-associated colitis with a histology of collagenous colitis in a 77-year-old woman. The patient had taken aspirin since 1993 after being diagnosed at another hospital, as having multiple cerebral infarctions. She began to suffer from intermittent diarrhea in April 1999. Serological examination showed hypoproteinemia, which indicated that she had protein-losing enteropathy. By July 1999, she had undergone colonoscopic examination four times. Biopsy specimens taken during the fourth colonoscopy revealed collagenous colitis. As the patient had been taking aspirin for 6 years, she was diagnosed as having NSAID-associated colitis with a histology of collagenous colitis. When she stopped taking aspirin, the diarrhea ceased. Three months later, the patient underwent a fifth colonoscopy. A histological examination of the biopsy specimen revealed that the collagen band had vanished. NSAID-associated colitis sometimes shows collagenous colitis histologically and is cured by withdrawing the drug. It is important to differentiate NSAID-associated colitis, even if it shows a histology of collagenous colitis, from collagenous colitis as the two diseases differ in etiology and therapy.