tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does interstitial adenosine mediate acute hibernation of guinea pig myocardium?
Authors: Z.-P. Gao, H F. Downey, W.-L. Fan, R. T Mallet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The aim was to test the role of interstitial adenosine in protective downregulation of myocardial energy demand during myocardial hibernation.Isolated working guinea pig hearts, perfused with glucose fortified Krebs-Henseleit, were subjected to 60 min global low flow ischaemia followed by 30 min reperfusion. Left ventricular performance was assessed from heart rate-developed pressure product and pressure-volume work. Cytosolic energy level was indexed by creatine phosphate and ATP phosphorylation potentials measured in snap frozen myocardium. Lactate and purine nucleosides (adenosine, inosine) were measured in venous effluent.When coronary flow was lowered by 80% for 60 min, heart rate-pressure product and pressure-volume work fell 87% and 75%, respectively, and stabilised at these low levels, but fully recovered when flow was restored. Myocardial ATP phosphorylation potential fell by 67% during the first 10 min of ischaemia, but subsequently recovered to preischaemic levels despite continuing ischaemia, indicating down-regulation of myocardial energy demand. Lactate release increased about 10-fold during ischaemia and remained increased until reperfusion. Purine nucleoside release varied reciprocally with phosphorylation potential, peaking at 10 min of ischaemia, then gradually returning to the preischaemic level during the subsequent 50 min of ischaemia. The ecto 5'-nucleotidase inhibitor alpha,beta-methylene adenosine 5'-diphosphonate (50 microM) decreased ischaemic purine nucleoside release by 41%, but did not attenuate postischaemic contractile recovery. The unspecific adenosine receptor antagonist 8-p-sulphophenyl theophylline (8-SPT, 20 microM) doubled ischaemic lactate release and lowered coronary venous purine nucleoside release by 21%. 8-SPT increased phosphorylation potential at 10 min ischaemia relative to untreated hearts, but blunted the subsequent rebound of phosphorylation potential. 8-SPT treatment during ischaemia resulted in a significantly higher cytosolic phosphorylation potential at 30 min of reperfusion, but did not affect postischaemic contractile function.We conclude that activation of adenosine receptors results in recovery of cytosolic energy level of moderately ischaemic working myocardium, but this energetic recovery is not solely responsible for postischaemic contractile recovery.
Nodular pleural thickening in a young woman
Authors: V. Hadda, G. C. Khilnani, A. Kumar, A. K. Dinda
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 17 year old girl presented with a history of intermittent low grade fever for the past one and a half months. She also reported loss of appetite and body weight—about 4 kg. She had no history of cough, expectoration, dyspnoea, chest pain, or haemoptysis. No abdominal symptoms, headache, neck pain or stiffness, or alteration in sensorium were seen. She had no history suggestive of connective tissue disease and her occupational history did not suggest exposure to asbestos. She had been diagnosed with lymph node tuberculosis five years ago at another hospital and had received antituberculous drugs for nine months. An abnormality was seen on a chest radiograph (fig 1⇓) so computed tomography of the chest was performed (fig 2⇓). She was referred to us with a working diagnosis of pleural malignancy. Fig 1 Posterioanterior radiograph of the chest Fig 2 Computed tomogram of the chest Physical examination showed mild fever (38oC). Her pulse (90 beats/min) and blood pressure (110/70 mm Hg) were normal. She had no pallor, icterus, or peripheral lymph node enlargement. Examination of the chest showed a dull percussion note and decreased breath sounds in the left infra-axillary area. Examination of the cardiovascular system was normal. Examination of the abdomen found no organomegaly or ascites. The neurological examination was also unremarkable. Her white blood cell count was normal (8.3×109/L; reference range 4.0-11.0) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 77 mm during the first hour (0-20). Results of extensive laboratory testing (infection, immunology, and biochemistry) were otherwise unrevealing. Enzyme linked immunoassay for HIV was negative.
Septins Regulate Developmental Switching from Microdomain to Nanodomain Coupling of Ca2+ Influx to Neurotransmitter Release at a Central Synapse
Authors: Yi-Mei Yang, Michael J. Fedchyshyn, Giovanbattista Grande, Jamila Aitoubah, Christopher W. Tsang, Hong Xie, Cameron A. Ackerley, William S. Trimble, Lu-Yang Wang
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Serial electrophysiologic testing of multiple drugs in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant paroxysmal tachycardia.
Authors: R A Bauernfeind, C R Wyndham, R C Dhingra, S P Swiryn, E Palileo, B Strasberg, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Serial electrophysiologic testing of multiple drugs was performed in 21 patients with recurrent atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). All patients had reproducible sustained PSVT induced before drug administration. Serial daily PSVT induction was attempted after administration of i.v. ouabain (0.01 mg/kg) (16 patients), i.v. propranolol (0.1 mg/kg (17 patients), i.v. ouabain + propranolol (same dosages) (12 patients), i.v. procainamide (600-1000 mg) (17 patients) and oral quinidine (1600-2400 mg/day) (nine patients). In two of 21 patients (10%), no tested drug prevented induction of sustained PSVT. In 19 of 21 patients (90%), one or more drugs prevented induction of sustained PSVT: ouabain--seven patients, propranolol--seven patients, ouabain + propranolol--seven patients, procainamide--11 patients, quinidine--seven patients. The site of action of ouabain and/or propranolol was either the antegrade limb or the retrograde limb (RL) of the circus movement. The site of action of procainamide or quinidine was always the RL. These 19 patients were treated with oral drugs, based on results of serial testing. Eighteen patients were successfully followed for 6-50 months. In 13 of these 18 patients PSVT did not recur. Two patients (11%) had > 95% reduction in frequency of PSVT recurrences, and three (17%) did not respond to chosen oral drugs. Serial electrophysiologic testing of multiple drugs is feasible in patients with AV nodal reentrant paroxysmal tachycardia. Drug responses are variable. In most but not all patients, serial electrophysiologic testing defines effective prophylactic drug therapy. This method of defining prophylactic drug therapy appears most suitable for patients with poorly tolerated tachycardias that occur only sporadically.
MTORC1 regulates cardiac function and myocyte survival through 4E-BP1 inhibition in mice
Authors: Denghong Zhang, Riccardo Contu, Michael V.G. Latronico, Jian Ling Zhang, Roberto Rizzi, Daniele Catalucci, Shigeki Miyamoto, Katherine Huang, Marcello Ceci, Yusu Gu, Nancy D. Dalton, Kirk L. Peterson, Kun-Liang Guan, Joan Heller Brown, Ju Chen, Nahum Sonenberg, Gianluigi Condorelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) plays a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and in the response to energy state changes. Drugs inhibiting MTOR are increasingly used in antineoplastic therapies. Myocardial MTOR activity changes during hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). However, whether MTOR exerts a positive or a negative effect on myocardial function remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we show that ablation of Mtor in the adult mouse myocardium results in a fatal, dilated cardiomyopathy that is characterized by apoptosis, autophagy, altered mitochondrial structure, and accumulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). 4E-BP1 is an MTOR-containing multiprotein complex-1 (MTORC1) substrate that inhibits translation initiation. When subjected to pressure overload, Mtor-ablated mice demonstrated an impaired hypertrophic response and accelerated HF progression. When the gene encoding 4E-BP1 was ablated together with Mtor, marked improvements were observed in apoptosis, heart function, and survival. Our results demonstrate a role for the MTORC1 signaling network in the myocardial response to stress. In particular, they highlight the role of 4E-BP1 in regulating cardiomyocyte viability and in HF. Because the effects of reduced MTOR activity were mediated through increased 4E-BP1 inhibitory activity, blunting this mechanism may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for improving cardiac function in clinical HF.
Hepatitis D viremia following orthotopic liver transplantation involves a typical HDV virion with a hepatitis B surface antigen envelope
Authors: Antonina Smedile, John L. Casey, Paul J. Cote, Marilena Durazzo, Bruna Lavezzo, Robert H. Purcell, Mario Rizzetto, John L. Gerin
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Patients receiving orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) because of type D hepatitis frequently exhibit what appears to be an autonomous, or “isolated,” hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection following the transplantation, with no evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the graft or in the serum. These observations have led to the hypothesis that HBV might not always be required for HDV infection, or that HDV could exist as a latent infection until rescued by HBV. Alternatively, an apparently autonomous HDV infection could be explained by coinfection of a small number of hepatocytes with both viruses following transplantation, with a very low level of HBV expression that supports low-level HDV propagation. Our results are consistent with the latter hypothesis. Sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis of HBV and HDV viremia in transplantation patients with HDV infection previously characterized as isolated showed that HDV viremia was not independent of HBV viremia. Additional analyses, including PCR amplification, buoyant density analysis in a CsCl gradient, and immunoprecipitation with monoclonal hepatitis B surface antigen antibodies (anti-HBs), indicated that the posttransplant HDV particle is typical: it contains full-length HDV RNA and an envelope of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and is not different from that found during the acute and chronic stages of HDV superinfection or coinfection. Moreover, an experimental test of the first hypothesis in chimpanzees did not support the idea that HDV can persist for several weeks as an isolated, latent infection that can be rescued subsequently by HBV. The data indicate, therefore, that latent HDV infection is not a factor in OLT recipients. We conclude that the HDV virion in the posttransplantation setting is typical, and that HDV viremia following OLT requires the helper function of HBV infection.
Characteristics of Oncology Clinical Trials
Authors: Bradford R. Hirsch, Robert M. Califf, Steven K. Cheng, Asba Tasneem, John Horton, Karen Chiswell, Kevin A. Schulman, David M. Dilts, Amy P. Abernethy
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Clinical trials are essential to cancer care, and data about the current state of research in oncology are needed to develop benchmarks and set the stage for improvement.To perform a comprehensive analysis of the national oncology clinical research portfolio.All interventional clinical studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov between October 2007 and September 2010 were identified using Medical Subject Heading terms and submitted conditions. They were reviewed to validate classification, subcategorized by cancer type, and stratified by design characteristics to facilitate comparison across cancer types and with other specialties.Of 40 970 interventional studies registered between October 2007 and September 2010, a total of 8942 (21.8%) focused on oncology. Compared with other specialties, oncology trials were more likely to be single arm (62.3% vs 23.8%; P < .001), open label (87.8% vs 47.3%; P < .001), and nonrandomized (63.9% vs 22.7%; P < .001). There was moderate but significant correlation between number of trials conducted by cancer type and associated incidence and mortality (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, 0.56 [P = .04] and 0.77 [P = .001], respectively). More than one-third of all oncology trials were conducted solely outside North America.There are significant variations between clinical trials in oncology and other diseases, as well as among trials within oncology. The differences must be better understood to improve both the impact of cancer research on clinical practice and the use of constrained resources.
Amanita phalloides poisoning treated by early charcoal haemoperfusion.
Authors: J P Wauters, C Rossel, J J Farquet
Journal: BMJ (1978)

pyramidal signs.Delayed myelopathy has been described as a compli- cation of severe electrical burns.4Spastic paraplegia5 and quadriplegia have been recorded secondary to electrical injury but not after lightning injury.We ascribe the delay of 36 hours before the onset of symptoms in our patient to oedema of the spinal cord.
Remarks on the Treatment of F tid Expectoration by the Vapour of Coal Tar Creasote
Authors: A. Chaplin
Journal: BMJ (1895)

Chest, and to the East London Hospital for Children.FCTID expectoration, though not very common, is yet, when present, such a persistent and distressing symptom, that any imethod of treatment likely to be beneficial, merits earnest consideration.It had always seemed most rational to
David Anthony Hilton Yates
Authors: John A Mathews
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Former consultant rheumatologist London (b 1930; q St Thomas' Hospital Medical School, London, 1953; MD, FRCP), d 13 September 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




Tony Yates' career spanned the evolution of rheumatology from its origins in physical medicine to its present position as a part of general medicine. In 1966 he was appointed consultant in charge of what was initially the department of physical medicine at St Thomas' Hospital, London, a department that had been forged by the union of two previous divisions—electrotherapy and massage. He remained in charge until 1990. He was director of the school of physiotherapy at St Thomas', consultant rheumatologist to King Edward VII Hospital, London, and honorary consultant adviser in rheumatology to the army. He was president of the rheumatology and rehabilitation section of the Royal Society of Medicine, and president of the British Association for Rheumatology from 1982 to 1984. He leaves a wife, Gillian, three children; and seven grandchildren.
THE FATIGUE OF COLD-BLOODED COMPARED WITH THAT OF WARM-BLOODED MUSCLE.
Authors: FREDERIC S. LEE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our knowledge of the physiology of muscle has been obtained chiefly through the study of cold-blooded animals. Especial stress has thus far not been laid on the fact that the muscles of certain animals are subjected throughout life to a moderately high and fairly constant temperature, while with others the temperature is usually much lower and variable. The question has hardly been raised as to whether such different physical conditions connote different physiologic characteristics.<i>A priori</i>we might expect such to be the case, and the observations here reported actually demonstrate a difference in one respect, namely, in some of the physical phenomena of fatigue. It is commonly believed that the main physical characteristics of the fatiguing, as distinguished from the fresh muscle, are a slowing of the whole process of contraction, which is manifested by a lengthening of the descending portion of the muscle curve; and a diminution in
Psychiatric Issues in the Management of Patients With HIV Infection
Authors: Glenn J. Treisman
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Approximately 1 million persons are now infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States. Evidence exists that psychiatric disorders are common in patients with HIV and that these patients may not receive optimal care because their psychiatric disorders are a barrier to medical care, communication with clinicians, and adherence to medical recommendations. We describe herein a complex case seen at The Johns Hopkins Hospital with several psychiatric conditions that are common in our HIV clinic population. We describe the collaborative treatment of the patient by a multidisciplinary team including both medical and mental health practitioners. We briefly describe a coherent diagnostic and treatment approach to patients in HIV clinics and the supporting rationale from the literature. We discuss the need for comprehensive evaluation, a multidisciplinary treatment team, and therapeutic optimism.
Association of Combatant Status and Sexual Violence With Health and Mental Health Outcomes in Postconflict Liberia
Authors: Kirsten Johnson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Liberia's wars since 1989 have cost tens of thousands of lives and left many people mentally and physically traumatized.To assess the prevalence and impact of war-related psychosocial trauma, including information on participation in the Liberian civil wars, exposure to sexual violence, social functioning, and mental health.A cross-sectional, population-based, multistage random cluster survey of 1666 adults aged 18 years or older using structured interviews and questionnaires, conducted during a 3-week period in May 2008 in Liberia.Symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), social functioning, exposure to sexual violence, and health and mental health needs among Liberian adults who witnessed or participated in the conflicts during the last 2 decades.In the Liberian adult household-based population, 40% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36%-45%; n = 672/1659) met symptom criteria for MDD, 44% (95% CI, 38%-49%; n = 718/1661) met symptom criteria for PTSD, and 8% (95% CI, 5%-10%; n = 133/1666) met criteria for social dysfunction. Thirty-three percent of respondents (549/1666) reported having served time with fighting forces, and 33.2% of former combatant respondents (182/549) were female. Former combatants experienced higher rates of exposure to sexual violence than noncombatants: among females, 42.3% (95% CI, 35.4%-49.1%) vs 9.2% (95% CI, 6.7%-11.7%), respectively; among males, 32.6% (95% CI, 27.6%-37.6%) vs 7.4% (95% CI, 4.5%-10.4%). The rates of symptoms of PTSD, MDD, and suicidal ideation were higher among former combatants than noncombatants and among those who experienced sexual violence vs those who did not. The prevalence of PTSD symptoms among female former combatants who experienced sexual violence (74%; 95% CI, 63%-84%) was higher than among those who did not experience sexual violence (44%; 95% CI, 33%-53%). The prevalence of PTSD symptoms among male former combatants who experienced sexual violence was higher (81%; 95% CI, 74%-87%) than among male former combatants who did not experience sexual violence (46%; 95% CI, 39%-52%). Male former combatants who experienced sexual violence also reported higher rates of symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation. Both former combatants and noncombatants experienced inadequate access to health care (33.0% [95% CI, 22.6%-43.4%] and 30.1% [95% CI, 18.7%-41.6%], respectively).Former combatants in Liberia were not exclusively male. Both female and male former combatants who experienced sexual violence had worse mental health outcomes than noncombatants and other former combatants who did not experience exposure to sexual violence.
Gamma/delta T lymphocytes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Authors: Z. Baliko, L. Szereday, J. Szekeres-Bartho
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Data on the percentage of gamma/delta T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis are few and contradictory. The percentage of gamma/delta T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of tuberculin positive and tuberculin negative patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and healthy controls was compared.Thirty six patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 11 healthy controls were studied. Lymphocytes were separated, cytocentrifuged onto glass microscope slides, and reacted with anti-gamma/delta monoclonal antibody. The percentage of gamma/delta positive cells was determined by microscopic counting of 300 lymphocytes.No difference was found in the percentage of gamma/delta T lymphocytes between patients and controls. However, when the patients were divided into two groups according to reactivity or non-reactivity in the Mantoux skin reaction a higher percentage of gamma/delta T lymphocytes was found in the peripheral blood of patients with tuberculin anergy than in tuberculin positive patients or controls.Higher gamma/delta T cell counts are found in tuberculin negative patients with tuberculosis than in tuberculin positive patients or tuberculin positive controls. The high gamma/delta T cell counts in tuberculin anergic patients may reflect a shift in the immune response in a Th2 direction characterised by increased antibody production and decreased cell mediated responses.
von Willebrand factor antigen for detection of hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Thomas Horvatits, Andreas Drolz, Kevin Roedl, Harald Herkner, Arnulf Ferlitsch, Thomas Perkmann, Christian Müller, Michael Trauner, Peter Schenk, Valentin Fuhrmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Mouse electrocardiography An interval of thirty years
Authors: Xander H.T. Wehrens, Susanne Kirchhoff, Pieter A. Doevendans
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

The interest in mouse electrophysiology is expanding fast, despite the marked differences between mouse and man. Different methods have become available to analyse the electrical activity in the mouse heart in vivo. The mouse genome can be altered with relative ease, which allows the molecular dissection of the various components that contribute to de- and repolarisation of the cardiomyocyte and the initiation and propagation of cardiac arrhythmias. Mouse ischaemia reperfusion models have been used recently to study preventive measures against ischaemic myocyte damage. In the present review, the electrophysiological measurements performed in mice to date are discussed and complemented with results from a mouse ischaemia reperfusion model.
Ig<scp>E</scp>, but not <scp>I</scp>g<scp>G</scp>4, antibodies to <scp>A</scp>ra h 2 distinguish peanut allergy from asymptomatic peanut sensitization
Authors: X. Hong, D. Caruso, R. Kumar, R. Liu, X. Liu, G. Wang, J. A. Pongracic, X. Wang
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background There are no available clinical tests that can accurately predict peanut allergy ( PA ) and/or anaphylaxis. This study is aimed at evaluating whether the component‐resolved diagnostic ( CRD ) I g E and I g G 4 tests can (i) distinguish PA from asymptomatic peanut sensitization ( PS ) and (ii) differentiate anaphylactic from nonanaphylactic PA . Methods This study included 20 nonatopic controls, 58 asymptomatically peanut‐sensitized children, 55 nonanaphylactic, and 53 anaphylactic PA cases from the C hicago F ood A llergy S tudy. IgE and IgG4 to 103 allergens were measured using the Immuno CAP ISAC technology and were compared among each group of children. The random forest test was applied to estimate each allergen's ability to predict PA and/or peanut anaphylaxis. Results Peanut allergy cases (with or without anaphylaxis) had significantly higher I g E reactivity to A ra h 1–3 (peanut allergens) and G ly m 5–6 (soy allergens) than asymptomatically sensitized children ( P &lt; 0.00001). Similar but more modest relationships were found for I g G 4 to Ara h 2 ( P &lt; 0.01). Ig E to A ra h 2 was the major contributor to accurate discrimination between PA and asymptomatic sensitization. With an optimal cutoff point of 0.65 ISU ‐ E , it conferred 99.1% sensitivity, 98.3% specificity, and a 1.2% misclassification rate in the prediction of PA , which represented a higher discriminative accuracy than I g E to whole peanut extract ( P = 0.008). However, none of the I g E and/or I g G 4 tests could significantly differentiate peanut anaphylaxis from nonanaphylactic PA . Conclusions Ig E to A ra h 2 can efficiently differentiate clinical PA from asymptomatic PS , which may represent a major step forward in the diagnosis of PA .