tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A National Study of Medical and Surgical Specialties
Authors: Robert C. Mendenhall
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A major feature of a national survey of medical and surgical specialties is the development and application of an algorithm for classifying patient care services provided by physicians. The care classification reflects much of prevailing opinion regarding what constitutes primary and nonprimary care. The classification system provides a powerful tool for the analysis of patient care services, since it is based on conditions of access to care, the physician's role in providing the care, measures associated with continuity of care, and a proxy measure of comprehensiveness of care. Furthermore, it is based on the recordings by physicians of actual patient-encounter characteristics and is not operationally dependent on physician characteristics or propensities.
Hepatitis C virus infection among institutionalised psychiatric patients: a regression analysis of indicators of risk
Authors: Agostino Cividini, Angela Pistorio, Angelo Regazzetti, Antonella Cerino, Carmine Tinelli, Anna Mancuso, Massimo Ribola, Maria Laura Galli, Antonio Agnusdei, Manuela Leone, Enrico Silini, Mario U. Mondelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
TCT-851 Patients Referred For Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Reasons For Rejection And Survival In A Real World Population
Authors: Kirsten Boerlage-van Dijk, Esther Wiegerinck, Rianne Schoo, Karel Koch, Marije Vis, Ricardo Cocchieri, Bas A.J.M. De Mol, Jan Piek, Jan Baan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
ECLAMPSIA WITHOUT CONVULSIONS TERMINATING IN CEREBRAL APOPLEXY
Authors: ARTHUR G. KING
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The use of the term  without  has engendered a great deal of discussion, even though it has the sanction of many authors. Williams 1 defines eclampsia as an acute toxemia, usually but not always accompanied by convulsions. On the other hand, DeLee 2 states that eclampsia is not a disease by itself but only a symptom, the most outstanding one, of several underlying diseases. He recommends that the term eclampsism be used to cover all cases of  in late pregnancy, which, if untreated or not properly treated, may lead to convulsions or coma, or both.  The confusion is the result of the ignorance that surrounds this clinicopathologic complex. There is still, unfortunately, no better term than toxemia to describe the condition of women who are sick, who have one or several different poisons in their tissues, manifested by vomiting, by a kidney lesion or severe liver damage,
BILE ACID MALABSORPTION: A REVIEW OF SEHCAT TESTING IN BELFAST
Authors: J A Gray, M Robinson
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a recognised cause of diarrhoea. Failure of bile acid absorption in the terminal ileum leads to excess bile in the colon causing diarrhoea due to a water and electrolyte secretion imbalance. SeHCAT testing is the current method of diagnosis of BAM. Current treatments available include cholestyramine, colestipiol and colevesalem. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> The aims of this study were to review over a three year period the frequency and indications for SeHCAT testing and to assess the prevalence of type II BAM in those with idiopathic chronic diarrhoea and diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective study was performed by reviewing both radiology records of SeHCAT tests and an electronic patient database. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 61 studies were performed over a 3 year period: 8 (2010), 13 (2011) and 40 (2012). Female to male ratio was 2:1 (41:20). 52.5% (32) of tests performed were positive (retention rate &lt;15%). The indication for testing was Chronic diarrhoea/IBS-D 40 (65.4%), inactive Crohns disease (with or without previous TI resection) 6 (9.8%), Post cholecystectomy 11(18%) and miscellaneous 4 (6.6%). Positive results by grouping were - Crohns disease 83.3% (3 severe, 1 moderate, 1 mild), post cholecystectomy 72.7% (4 severe, 4 moderate) and chronic diarrhoea/IBS-D 40% (9 severe, 4 moderate, 3 mild). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The use of SeHCAT testing in the assessment of chronic diarrhoea while remaining under utilised is increasing. BAM is prevalent in those with chronic diarrhoea/IBS-D and where found represents a potentially treatable condition.
Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Benoît Ranchoux, Fabrice Antigny, Catherine Rucker-Martin, Aurélie Hautefort, Christine Péchoux, Harm Jan Bogaard, Peter Dorfmüller, Séverine Remy, Florence Lecerf, Sylvie Planté, Sophie Chat, Elie Fadel, Amal Houssaini, Ignacio Anegon, Serge Adnot, Gerald Simonneau, Marc Humbert, Sylvia Cohen-Kaminsky, Frédéric Perros
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— The vascular remodeling responsible for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves predominantly the accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin–expressing mesenchymal-like cells in obstructive pulmonary vascular lesions. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) may be a source of those α-smooth muscle actin–expressing cells. Methods and Results— In situ evidence of EndoMT in human PAH was obtained by using confocal microscopy of multiple fluorescent stainings at the arterial level, and by using transmission electron microscopy and correlative light and electron microscopy at the ultrastructural level. Findings were confirmed by in vitro analyses of human PAH and control cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells. In addition, the mRNA and protein signature of EndoMT was recognized at the arterial and lung level by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. We confirmed our human observations in established animal models of pulmonary hypertension (monocrotaline and SuHx). After establishing the first genetically modified rat model linked to BMPR2 mutations (BMPR2 Δ140Ex1/+ rats), we demonstrated that EndoMT is linked to alterations in signaling of BMPR2, a gene that is mutated in 70% of cases of familial PAH and in 10% to 40% of cases of idiopathic PAH. We identified molecular actors of this pathological transition, including twist overexpression and vimentin phosphorylation. We demonstrated that rapamycin partially reversed the protein expression patterns of EndoMT, improved experimental PAH, and decreased the migration of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells, providing the proof of concept that EndoMT is druggable. Conclusions— EndoMT is linked to alterations in BPMR2 signaling and is involved in the occlusive vas cular remodeling of PAH, findings that may have therapeutic implications.
Vision
Authors: Jeffrey L. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SEVERE PENETRATING WOUNDS OF THE CHEST IN A CASUALTY CLEARING STATION
Authors: J. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1917)

IT is generally accepted that the sooner a wound is purged of carrying agents of infbetion-namely, foreign body and -elothing-and of -the media suitable-fr the growth of bacteria-namely, blood clot and dead muscle--.thebetter is the prognosis.Reflection on the experience of two -years of casualty clearing station work reveals the fact that in no group of cases has this axiom been so much neglected as in wounds bf the chest.It brings home the very dangerous nature of many of these wounds, and makes one wonder why serious attempts have not been made long ere now to apply to them principles which have led to such marked 'improvement in the treatment of wounds of other parts.These serious cases have arrived in large numbers at casualty clearing stations, have improved up to a point, and then have succumbed to sepsis, just as in other wounds whichl have been inefficiently treated.Wounds of the chest, as seen at an advanced casualty clearing station, may be classified into two main groups from the point of view of prognosis.Grouzp A. 1. Entrance and exit bullet wounds.2. Entrance anid exit shrapnel-ball wounds.3. Wounds caused by s7miall fragments of high explosive missiles.
IMMUNITY: Mercury Alters Immune System Response in Artisanal Gold Miners
Authors: Naomi Lubick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Triclosan Comes under ScrutinyFederal agencies are reviewing triclosan's safety but haven't called for altered usage.Artisanal miners around the world, including this 13-year-old Senegalese child, use elemental mercury to extract gold particles from soil.
Euthanasia and the Right to Death: The Case for Voluntary Euthanasia
Authors: Samuel Enoch Stumpf
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This slim volume—11 perceptive essays by eminent authorities in the fields of medicine, law, theology, government and philosophy—constitutes a many-faceted "case for voluntary euthanasia." These essays seek to focus upon a single objective —the moral right of a person to decide for himself when his life shall be terminated. A sharp distinction is made between voluntary euthanasia, on the one hand, and "mercy killing" on the other. These advocates of voluntary euthanasia dissociate themselves from those who would urge the taking of life, by the state, of the senile, the mentally defective, or the incurable. These authors argue that certain basic humane values lead to the moral conclusion that each person should have the freedom to choose "between a dignified and a squalid death." Just as we exercise control over natural forces to secure a patient's health, so also, the argument runs, rational management of the end of life should
Minor histocompatibility antigen H-Y is expressed on human hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Authors: P J Voogt, E Goulmy, W E Fibbe, W F Veenhof, A Brand, J H Falkenburg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Polymorphic minor transplantation antigens probably play an important role in immune mediated graft rejections of bone marrow transplants. Mapping of these antigens on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) is important since these antigenic determinants may serve as target structures in the rejection process, and it ultimately opens the possibility to match for these antigens. Using a cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay with H-Y-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes as effector cells, a dose-dependent growth inhibition up to 100% of myeloid (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E) and multipotential (CFU-GEMM) HPC of male donors was obtained, indicating expression of the H-Y antigen on these progenitor cells. In contrast, inhibition of relatively mature erythroid and myeloid progenitor cells was only 40-50%, indicating that the recognition of the H-Y antigen diminished during maturation of erythroid and myeloid HPC. Our results show that the H-Y antigen can be recognized on HPC as a target for cytotoxic T cell responses. This may be important in graft rejection of male donor bone marrow grafts by female recipients.
Pulmonary veins isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with impaired left ventricular function
Authors: Alelandro Perez-Lugones, Nassir F. Marrouche, Walid Saliba, Christopher Cole, Ahmad Abdul-Karim, Robert Schweikert, David O. Martin, Eduardo Saad, Thomas Dresing, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
H2O2 release from human granulocytes during phagocytosis. I. Documentation, quantitation, and some regulating factors.
Authors: R K Root, J Metcalf, N Oshino, B Chance
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The extinction of fluorescence of scopoletin during its oxidation by horseradish peroxidase (HPO) provides a highly sensitive and specific assay for small quantities of peroxide in solution. With this assay, the release of free H2O2 into the extracellular medium by phagocytizing human granulocytes has been documented and quantitated, and some of the regulating factors have been determined. Under basal conditions granulocytes released less than 0.01 nmol/ml of H2O2 (2.5 X 10-6 polymorphonuclear leukocytes/ml). Upon the addition of phagocyte particles (latex, opsonized yeast, or staphylococci), an abrupt increase in extracellular peroxide concentration was observed (greater than 50-fold above basal levels) after latencies as short as 10 s. Release reflected increased intracellular H2O2 production during phagocytosis in that it paralleled the respiratory burst and was absent when phagocytosis was prevented or when cells from patients with chronic granulomatous disease were utilized. Evidence that scpoletin oxidation occurred predominantly in the extracellular medium was obtained by demonstrating a marked inhibition when HPO was omitted from the reaction mixture or when exogenous catalase was added. Similarly, it was found that exogenous serum also inhibited scopoletin oxidation, apparently because of the presence of competing hydrogen donors. H2O2 formation and release were observed at rates which closely paralleled those of phagocytosis. With O2 consumption as an approximate index of H2O2 formation, the fractions released during maximal rates of particle uptake were calculated as follows: for latex, 15.7%; for staphylococci, 10.3%; and for yeast, 4.9%. It is postulated that release is due to diffusion of free H2O2 from an expanded intracellular pool of this substance that develops during phagocytosis. This poos represents tha net of increased synthesis versus catabolism by various enxymatic pathways for H2O2 disposal within the cells. The close relationship between rates of H2O2 formation and rates of phagocytosis by human granulocytes suggests a role for specialized areas of the cell membrane, involved in particle ingestion, in the trigger mechanism for H2O2 synthesis. The consequences of H2O2 release to other cells or organisms in the immediate environment of phagocytizing granulocytes remain to be determined.
Treating Medication-Resistant Panic Disorder: Predictors and Outcome of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy in a Brazilian Public Hospital
Authors: Elizeth Heldt, Gisele Gus Manfro, Leticia Kipper, Carolina Blaya, Sandra Maltz, Luciano Isolan, Vânia Naomi Hirakata, Michael W. Otto
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; In Brazil, treatment of panic disorder is most frequently initiated with pharmacotherapy, but only half of the patients can be expected to be panic free after medication. Studies have suggested that individual or group cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment strategy for panic patients who have failed to respond to pharmacotherapy. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Thirty-two patients diagnosed with panic disorder with agoraphobia having residual symptoms despite being on an adequate dose of medication were treated with 12 weeks of group CBT. The outcome was evaluated for panic frequency and severity, generalized anxiety, and global severity. Comorbid conditions, a childhood history of anxiety, and defense mechanism styles were assessed as potential predictors of treatment response. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Twenty-nine patients completed the 12-week protocol. Treatment was associated with significant reductions in symptom severity on all outcome measures (p &lt; 0.001). Patients with depression had a poorer outcome of the treatment (p = 0.01) as did patients using more neurotic (p = 0.002) and immature defenses (p = 0.05). &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Consistent with previous reports, we found that CBT was effective for our sample of treatment-resistant patients. Among these patients, depression as well as neurotic defense style was associated with a poorer outcome. The use of CBT in Brazil for treatment-resistant and other panic patients is encouraged.
ABC of psychological medicine: Anxiety in medical patients
Authors: A. House
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Doctors often consider anxiety to be a normal response to physical illness. Yet, anxiety afflicts only a minority of patients and tends not to be prolonged. Any severe or persistent anxious response to physical illness merits further assessment.



William Cullen (1710-90) coined the term neurosis (though the term as he used it bears little resemblance to modern concepts of anxiety disorders)



Anxiety is a universal and generally adaptive response to a threat, but in certain circumstances it can become maladaptive. Characteristics that distinguish abnormal from adaptive anxiety include

Recurrent panic attacks

Severe physical symptoms

Abnormal believes such as thoughts of sudden death

View this table:

Somatic and psychological symptoms of anxiety disorders



Recurrent panic attacks

Severe physical symptoms

Abnormal beliefs such as thoughts of sudden death

Unfortunately, there are few studies of the natural course of anxiety in physically ill patients, so it can be difficult to judge the distinction between normal and abnormal anxiety. In particular, some of the criteria used can be difficult to apply when a patient is experiencing a real threat of disease. A more reliable basis for diagnosing morbid anxiety is often that it causes unacceptable and disruptive problems in its own right.

### Distinguishing features of anxiety disorders

#### Anxious adjustment disorder

Prevalence in general population— Not known

Cardinal features 

Onset of symptoms within 1 month of an identifiable stressor

No specific situation or response

#### Generalised anxiety disorder

Prevalence in general population— 31 cases/1000 adults

Cardinal features 

Period of 6 months with prominent tension, …
Isolated Myocyte Contractile Function Is Normal in Postinfarct Remodeled Rat Heart With Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Inder S. Anand, Daosheng Liu, Sumeet S. Chugh, Arun J.C. Prahash, Sudhir Gupta, Rohan John, F. Popescu, Y. Chandrashekhar
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Postinfarction ventricular remodeling is associated with lengthening and contractile dysfunction of the remote noninfarcted myocardium. Mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Methods and Results We studied serial changes in global left ventricular (LV) structure and function in infarcted (1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after myocardial infarction) and sham-operated rat hearts and correlated them with structural and functional changes in myocytes isolated from the remote LV myocardium in the same hearts. Rats with myocardial infarction developed significant remodeling. The heart weight–to–body weight ratios were increased. LV volumes at filling pressure of 10 mm Hg were higher (305±28 versus 215±12 μL, P &lt;.01). This was accompanied by global LV dysfunction (in vivo LV end-diastolic pressure, 4±1 versus 23±1.6 mm Hg; Langendorff LV developed pressure, 105±4 versus 62±9 mm Hg, P &lt;.001 for both). Myocytes isolated from these hearts showed significant structural remodeling (LV myocytes, 24% longer and 15% wider; right ventricular myocytes, 38% longer and 31% wider, all P &lt;.05). LV myocyte length correlated with changes in LV volume ( r =.79) and function (LV developed pressure, r =−.81). However, LV myocytes from the same hearts showed normal contractile function and intracellular Ca 2+ transients at baseline and during inotropic stimulation with increasing extracellular Ca 2+ (1 to 6 mmol/L). The shortening-frequency relationship was also similar in myocytes from sham and myocardial infarction rats. Conclusions Postinfarct LV remodeling occurs predominantly by myocyte lengthening rather than by myocyte slippage. However, contractile function of the unloaded myocytes from the remote noninfarcted LV myocardium of the remodeled heart is normal. Therefore, myocyte contractile abnormalities may not contribute to global dysfunction of the remodeled heart. Reduced myocyte mass and nonmyocyte factors like increased wall stress, altered LV geometry, and changes in the myocardial interstitium may be more important in the genesis of postinfarct LV dysfunction in this model.
Reducing the Risks of Gastrointestinal Bleeding with Antiplatelet Therapies
Authors: Byron Cryer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

In the treatment of cardiovascular disease, clinicians commonly are caught between the competing considerations of cardiovascular benefit and gastrointestinal risks. Low-dose aspirin (325 mg or less daily) lowers the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular thrombotic events. Aspirin prevents thromboses and blocks platelet aggregation through inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme, thereby reducing thromboxane synthesis. Owing to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase in the gastrointestinal tract, aspirin also causes gastrointestinal ulceration and major bleeding, which limit its usefulness as an antithrombotic agent.The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding generally increases by a factor of two to three with the use of low-dose aspirin.1 Although . . .
Relative roles of genetic and environmental factors in the control of serum uric acid levels in normouricaemic subjects.
Authors: J A Boyle, W R Greig, M K Jasani, A Duncan, M Diver, W W Buchanan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1967)

obtained twins by an ascertainment campaign (Osborne and De George, 1959).It can also be seen that the mean age and age ranges were similar in all groups.As no twins under the age of 12 years were studied it will be appreciated from the mean and standard deviation of the ages that the majority were young; indeed, 71 twin pairs were under the age of 20 years.The serum uric levels were determined by an automated colorimetric method using the Technicon Auto Analyser
Plasma von Willebrand factor, soluble thrombomodulin, and fibrin D-dimer levels in acute-onset nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation
Authors: Francisco Marin, Vanessa Roldán, Vicente Climent, Alicia Ibáñez, Amaya García, Pascual Marco, Francisco Sogorb, Gregory Y. Lip
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)