tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Novel Prognostic Markers in the Serum of Patients With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Derived From Quantitative Analysis of the Pten Conditional Knockout Mouse Proteome
Authors: Martin Kälin, Igor Cima, Ralph Schiess, Niklaus Fankhauser, Tom Powles, Peter Wild, Arnoud Templeton, Thomas Cerny, Ruedi Aebersold, Wilhelm Krek, Silke Gillessen
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Paget's Disease in a 5-year-old: Acute Response to Human Calcitonin
Authors: N. J. Y. Woodhouse, M. T. Fisher, G. Sigurdsson, G. F. Joplin, I. MacIntyre
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A five-year-old boy presented with a three-and-a-half-year history of repeated bone fractures and progressive bone deformity. The excretion of hydroxyproline in the urine was greatly increased, and serum alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase levels were very high. These abnormalities together with the findings on bone histology and radiology suggested a diagnosis of juvenile Paget9s disease. Human calcitonin reduced the bone turnover as evidenced by an immediate and sustained fall in urine hydroxyproline excretion, while calcium and phosphate balance became more positive. This treatment is therefore being continued on an outpatient basis.
The cytoplasmic domain of CD4 promotes the development of CD4 lineage T cells.
Authors: A Itano, P Salmon, D Kioussis, M Tolaini, P Corbella, E Robey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Thymocytes must bind major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on thymic epithelial cells in order to mature into either CD8+ cytotoxic T cells or CD4+ helper T cells. Thymic precursors express both CD8 and CD4, and it has been suggested that the intracellular signals generated by CD8 or CD4 binding to class I or II MHC, respectively, might influence the fate of uncommitted cells. Here we test the notion that intracellular signaling by CD4 directs the development of thymocytes to a CD4 lineage. A hybrid protein consisting of the CD8 extracellular and transmembrane domains and the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 (CD884) should bind class I MHC but deliver a CD4 intracellular signal. We find that expression of a hybrid CD884 protein in thymocytes of transgenic mice leads to the development of large numbers of class I MHC-specific, CD4 lineage T cells. We discuss these results in terms of current models for CD4 and CD8 lineage commitment.
Discontinuation of cervical spine immobilisation in unconscious patients with trauma in intensive care units telephone survey of practice in South and West region
Authors: K J Gupta, M Clancy
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To study how the cervical spine is assessed before discontinuation of cervical spine immobilisation in unconscious trauma patients in intensive care units.Telephone interview of consultants responsible for adult intensive care units.All 25 intensive care units in the South and West region that admit victims of major trauma.The clinical and radiological basis on which the decision is made to stop cervical spine immobilisation in unconscious patients with trauma.In 19 units cervical spine immobilisation was stopped in unconscious patients on the basis of radiology alone, and six units combined radiology with clinical examination after the patient had regained consciousness. Sixteen units relied on a normal lateral radiological view of the cervical spine alone, five required a normal lateral and anteroposterior view, and four required a normal lateral, anteroposterior, and open mouth peg view.There are inconsistencies in the clinical and radiological approach to assessing the cervical spine in unconscious patients with trauma before the removal of immobilisation precautions. There is an overreliance on the lateral cervical spine view alone, which has been shown to be insensitive in this setting.
Urinary tract infections.
Authors: M. B. Skirrow
Journal: BMJ (1969)

JORA 53 intense loneliness, having never been without a dog before.I am now hopeful she may now change her mind, at least to* the extent of a Siamese cat, and that this may eventually permit corticosteroids to be tailed-off without relapse of her arteritis in one of its more unpleasant guises.This happened to a patient from the same practice only a few months back who stopped taking her prednisone, prescribed for her temporal arteritis, because the doctor emigrated.Her cardiac infarction, at first thought unremarkable, was followed by pericarditis and mental confusion, both of which, like her previous temporal arteritis, responded at once to prednisone.
Traveler's immunizations
Authors: W. P. McKinney
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs McKinney and Barnas identify a legitimate problem that has concerned the Travelers' Health Section, Division of Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control, for many years. The United States is signatory without reservation to the International Health Regulations as passed by the World Health Assembly of the United Nations. The Centers for Disease Control publishes and promotes the requirements as submitted to the World Assembly by member states. The suggestion that the Centers for Disease Control publish in the annual<i>Health Information for International Travel</i>the actual practice of other countries, in addition to the official requirement as reported to us by the World Health Organization, is unfortunately not feasible. One of the primary reasons is that the actual practices at the ports of entry may vary over time and with different personnel. The actual practices also may not be in accord with the country's explicit government policies. On
Abstract 1075: Bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor antagonists decrease growth and induce cell death of lung cancer cell lines
Authors: John E. Langenfeld
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are growth-promoting morphogens during embryonic development. BMP-2 is aberrantly expressed in 98% of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) independent of cell type. The role the BMP signaling cascade in cancer and its effects on cell growth and survival is poorly understood. We show that in unstimulated lung cancer cell lines, that BMP signaling is basally active. Lung cancer cell lines express the BMP type I receptors alk2, alk3, and alk6. Inhibition of a single BMP type I receptor was not sufficient to decrease signaling. Inhibition of all BMP type I receptors with siRNA effectively decreased BMP signaling. BMP type I receptor antagonists, Dorsomorphin, DMH1, DMH2, and LDN decreased BMP signaling in lung cancer cell lines. BMP receptor antagonists and silencing of all BMP type I receptors with siRNA induced cell death, inhibited cell growth, and caused a significant decrease in the expression of inhibitor of differentiation (Id1, Id2, and Id3) family members, which are known to regulate cell growth and survival in many types of cancers. BMP receptor antagonists also decreased clonogenic cell growth of lung cancer cell lines. The selective antagonist, DMH2 caused the greatest reduction in the activity of the BMP type I receptors and also caused the greatest reduction in cell growth. These studies show that basally active BMP signaling in lung cancer cells regulates the expression of Id family members and promotes cell growth and survival. BMP type I receptors antagonists represents a potential means to pharmacologically treat carcinomas with an activated BMP signaling cascade. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1075. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1075
Triadin Overexpression Stimulates Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Increases Predisposition to Cellular Arrhythmia in Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Dmitry Terentyev, Steven E. Cala, Timothy D. Houle, Serge Viatchenko-Karpinski, Inna Gyorke, Radmila Terentyeva, Simon C. Williams, Sandor Gyorke
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Triadin 1 (TRD) is an integral membrane protein that associates with the ryanodine receptor (RyR2), calsequestrin (CASQ2) and junctin to form a macromolecular Ca signaling complex in the cardiac junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). To define the functional role of TRD, we examined the effects of adenoviral-mediated overexpression of the wild-type protein (TRD(WT)) or a TRD mutant lacking the putative CASQ2 interaction domain residues 200 to 224 (TRD(Del.200-224)) on intracellular Ca signaling in adult rat ventricular myocytes. Overexpression of TRD(WT) reduced the amplitude of I(Ca)- induced Ca transients (at 0 mV) but voltage dependency of the Ca transients was markedly widened and flattened, such that even small I(Ca) at low and high depolarizations triggered maximal Ca transients. The frequency of spontaneous Ca sparks was significantly increased in TRD(WT) myocytes, whereas the amplitude of individual sparks was reduced. Consistent with these changes in Ca release signals, SR Ca content was decreased in TRD(WT) myocytes. Periodic electrical stimulation of TRD(WT) myocytes resulted in irregular, spontaneous Ca transients and arrhythmic oscillations of the membrane potential. Expression of TRD(Del.200-224) failed to produce any of the effects of the wild-type protein. The lipid bilayer technique was used to record the activity of single RyR2 channels using microsome samples obtained from control, TRD(WT) and TRD(Del.200-224) myocytes. Elevation of TRD(WT) levels increased the open probability of RyR2 channels, whereas expression of the mutant protein did not affect RyR2 activity. We conclude that TRD enhances cardiac excitation-contraction coupling by directly stimulating the RyR2. Interaction of TRD with RyR2 may involve amino acids 200 to 224 in C-terminal domain of TRD.
X-RAY THERAPY IN SKIN DISEASES.
Authors: G. E. PFAHLER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

As a basis for this paper, I have selected a few cases which seem to be instructive and illustrative in the treatment of nevus, lupus involving the nares and the interior surface of the lips, morphea, and acne, with hypertrichosis, and epithelioma of the lip. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —Miss B., aged 15, has had a birthmark on the left side of the nose, near the inner canthus of the left eye. During the year preceding treatment it seemed to be increasing in size. It was not elevated and was about the size of a dime. <h3>Treatment.</h3> —<i>X</i>-ray treatment was begun Jan. 28, 1903. A soft tube was used for a period of ten minutes, at a distance of eight inches, with five amperes of current. Eight such exposures were given during a period of six weeks. At the end of that time a distinct dermatitis was produced, but not to the extent of
Abnormalities in Hemispheric Specialization of Caudate Nucleus Connectivity in Schizophrenia
Authors: Sophia Mueller, Danhong Wang, Ruiqi Pan, Daphne J. Holt, Hesheng Liu
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Hemispheric specialization of the human brain is a marker of successful neurodevelopment. Altered brain asymmetry that has been repeatedly reported in schizophrenia may represent consequences of disrupted neurodevelopment in the disorder. However, a complete picture of functional specialization in the schizophrenic brain and its connectional substrates is yet to be unveiled.
Gluten Enteropathy and Skeletal Disease
Authors: John R. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This exhibit illustrates our experience with the problem of a primary absorption defect commonly recognized as gluten enteropathy, and it focuses attention principally on one of its least emphasized manifestations which relates directly to skeletal abnormalities. <h3>Scope</h3> Gluten enteropathy, an entity variously termed nontropical sprue, celiac disease of adults and children, and idiopathic steatorrhea, is primary malabsorption usually associated with inflammation and villous atrophy of the small-bowel mucosa. Although gluten enteropathy is frequently observed in childhood, the symptoms of the disease may appear for the first time in adult life. The mucosal changes appear to result from local toxicity caused by gliadin, the water-soluble fraction obtained from the alcohol extraction of gluten, a protein found primarily in wheat, barley, oats, and rye. The mechanism of this mucosal toxicity has not been established, but current knowledge suggests that an inborn error of metabolism exists which is manifested as a deficiency of
Drug Testing of Physicians: The Danger of False Positives
Authors: Robert J. Woolley
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Orentlicher<sup>1</sup>of the American Medical Association's Office of the General Counsel appropriately considers the issue of false-negative results in his discussion of drug testing of physicians. He fails, however, to mention the equally important issue of false-positive results, apparently assuming that "confirmatory tests (mass spectrometry and chromatography)" are incapable of error. It is true that these techniques have admirably low rates of false positivity, less than 0.01%.<sup>2</sup>But it is axiomatic in laboratory medicine that tests are inevitably imperfect; neither absolute sensitivity nor absolute specificity can be achieved. It should also be obvious that no amount of chain-of-custody documentation can entirely prevent the occasional contamination or exchanging of samples. I have never used illicit drugs or misused legal ones. The probability of a true-positive test of my urine is exactly zero. The probability of a false-positive test, no matter how small mathematically, is finite
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis on Fasting Plasma Glucose, HbA1c, and Fructosamine on Diabetes Screening
Authors: Ichiro Tsuji, Kazuya Nakamoto, Toshihiko Hasegawa, Akinori Hisashige, Hiroshi Inawashiro, Akira Fukao, Shigeru Hisamichi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To determine the efficacy of HbA1c and fructosamine as alternatives to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) for diabetes screening. Research Design and Methods Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted on the above tests. Comparison among tests was based on the area under ROC curve of a test. World Health Organization criteria for classifying glucose tolerance status of the subjects was used. The study consisted of subjects (n = 583) who visited the clinic from September to October 1989 and all diabetic cases (n = 36) from November 1989 to March 1990, after excluding those &amp;lt; 40 yr of age or with hypoglycemic therapies (469 were normal, 88 with impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], and 62 with diabetes). Results Area under ROC curve of HbA1c was not different from that of FPG. Area under curve of fructosamine was significantly smaller than that of FPG. For all tests, overall efficacy of a test to detect IGT and diabetes was considerably diminished compared with detection of diabetes alone. Conclusions The discriminating ability of HbA1c is almost the same as that of FPG, therefore HbA1c is a good alternative to FPG. Fructosamine is not suitable for diabetes screening.
Occupational causes of disorders in the upper limb.
Authors: N. J. Barton, G. Hooper, J. Noble, W. M. Steel
Journal: BMJ (1992)

The Industrial Injuries Advisory Council, an inde- pendent statutory body, recently invited the British Orthopaedic Association to advise whether there was conclusive evidence of an occupational cause of any further types of repetitive strain injuries other than those currently recognised as industrial injuries.Two related conditions are currently recognised as "prescribed disorders": PD A4-cramp of the hand or forearm, in people with an occupation entailing prolonged periods of handwriting, typing, or other repetitive movements of the fingers, hand, or arm; and PD A8 -traumatic inflammation of the tendons of the hand or forearm or the associated tendon sheaths in any occupation entailing manual labour or frequent or repeated movements of the hand or wrist.A group of surgeons with a major interest in conditions of the hand and upper limb was asked to study the topic on the basis of their clinical experience and a review of the literature.Our report appears below.
Three-dimensional echocardiography: In vitro and in vivo validation of left ventricular mass and comparison with conventional echocardiographic methods
Authors: Aasha S. Gopal, Andrew M. Keller, Zhanqing Shen, Peter M. Sapin, Klaus M. Schroeder, Donald L. King, Donald L. King
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)

Objectives. This study aimed to validate a method for mass computation in vitro and in vivo and to compare it with conventional methods. Background. Conventional echocardiographic methods of determining left ventricular mass are limited by assumptions of ventricular geometry and image plane positioning. To improve accuracy, we developed a three-dimensional echocardiographic method that uses nonparallel, nonintersecting short-axis planes and a polyhedral surface reconstruction algorithm for mass computation. Methods. Eleven fixed hearts were imaged by three-dimensional echocardiography, and mass was determined in vitro by multiplying the myocardial volume by the density of each heart and comparing it with the true mass. Mass at diastole and systole by three-dimensional echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was compared in vivo in 15 normal subjects. Ten subjects also underwent imaging by one- and two-dimensional echocardiography, and mass was determined by Penn convention, area-length and truncated ellipsoid algorithms. Results. In vitro results were r = 0.995, SEE 2.91 g, accuracy 3.47%. In vivo interobserver variability for systole and diastole was 16.7% to 27%, 14% to 18.1% and 6.3% to 12.8%, respectively, for one-, two- and three-dimensional echocardiography and was 7.5% for MRI at end-diastole. The latter two agreed closely with regard to diastolic mass (r = 0.895, SEE 11.1 g) and systolic mass (r = 0.926, SEE 9.2 g). These results were significantly better than correlations between MRI and the Penn convention (r = 0.725, SEE 25.6 g for diastole; r = 0.788, SEE 28.7 g for systole), area-length (r = 0.694, SEE 24.2 g for diastole; r = 0.717, SEE 28.2 g for systole) and truncated ellipsoid algorithms (r = 0.687, SEE 21.8 g for diastole; r = 0.710, SEE 24.5 g for systole). Conclusions. Image plane positioning guidance and elimination of geometric assumptions by three-dimensional echocardiography achieve high accuracy for left ventricular mass determination in vitro. It is associated with higher correlations and lower standard errors than conventional methods in vivo.
INDEPENDENT PREDICTIVE FACTOR FOR RETROGRADE PROCEDURE FAILURE IN PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION OF CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION AFTER SUCCESSFUL COLLATERAL CHANNEL CROSSING: SUBANAYSIS OF 1646 CASES FROM JAPANESE MULTICENTER REGISTRY
Authors: Yoriyasu Suzuki, Atsunori Okamura, Toshiya Muramatsu, Tsutomu Fujita, Makoto Muto, Akitsugu Oida, Masahisa Yamane, Yuji Oikawa, Hisayuki Okada, Etsuo Tsuchikane
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Contribution of Baroreceptors to the Control of Renal Function
Authors: JOSEPH P. GILMORE
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

Electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion of the dog is associated with an increase in urine flow, in electrolyte and total solute excretion, and in the renal clearance of inulin. These changes appear rapidly, are well maintained during prolonged stimulation, and stop soon after stimulation has ceased. The hemodynamic responses associated with these changes are an increase in arterial pulse pressure, an increase or no change in mean arterial blood pressure, and a decline in mean left atrial pressure. The diuretic response to stellate ganglion stimulation is diminished, but not abolished, by bilateral cervical vagotomy as are the changes in electrolyte excretion, total solute excretion, and the renal clearance of inulin. However, the hemodynamic responses are not greatly modified by cervical vagotomy. Vagotomy just above the diaphragm does not appear to modify these responses. The effect of vagotomy on the renal responses to stellate stimulation appears to be a result of sectioning baroreceptor afferent nerves which traverse the vagus nerves. The rapidity of the renal response to stellate stimulation, its temporal relation to the hemodynamic changes, and the effect of cervical vagotomy indicate that the diuresis is, to a large degree, secondary to withdrawal of renal sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve discharge. The similarities between the renal responses to stellate stimulation and to intravenous infusions indicate that infusion diuresis may be mediated, at least in part, by the same mechanism. When renal blood flow is measured directly in the perfused kidney, carotid occlusion is associated with little change or with a decrease in renal blood flow at a time when renal arterial pressure increases. When renal blood flow is maintained constant in the perfused kidney, carotid artery occlusion is associated with an increase in renal arterial pressure. The intrarenal administration of the adrenergic blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine, can prevent the increase in renal vascular resistance during carotid occlusion indicating that it is due to an adrenergic mechanism. The renal pressure-flow curve is displaced down and to the right during carotid occlusion; autoregulation of renal blood flow is still observed, although at a lower level of blood flow. All these changes indicate that the primary renal response to carotid occlusion is vasoconstriction mediated by the renal sympathetic nerves. It is well-known that urine flow increases when renal arterial pressure is increased independent of a change in the activity of the renal vasoconstrictor nerves and independent of a change in renal blood flow. Consequently, the rise in arterial pressure associated with carotid occlusion can contribute directly to the response of the kidney to carotid occlusion. The variability of the changes in water and electrolyte excretion by the kidney during carotid occlusion may represent a varying contribution of direct and reflex mechanisms to the total response.
Chronic therapy with metoprolol CR/XL prevents apoptosis inducing factor and downregulates the proapoptotic protein Bak in cardiomyocytes of dogs with heart failure
Authors: Anastassia V. Todor, Victor G. Sharov, George Suzuki, Hideaki Morita, Sidney Goldstein, Hani N. Sabbah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Prevalence of asthma in children under 16
Authors: S. Head
Journal: BMJ (1986)

~mu 81986 that is the electrocardiogriphicdreading.-ITfact that a patient has hypertension does not change that-reading.Howiver,-the ined cincin wih confldencein thehistoryandbloodpssures alues may then conclude that left ventricularhyper- trophyis more likely ;