tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Taping the patella medially: a new treatment for osteoarthritis of the knee joint?
Authors: J Cushnaghan, C McCarthy, P Dieppe
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<b>Background:</b> In adults with mild asthma, combination inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/fast-onset long acting beta-agonist (LABA) used solely as reliever therapy is superior to short-acting beta agonist (SABA) reliever therapy. However, there is uncertainty regarding its comparative efficacy with maintenance low dose inhaled glucocorticoid plus as-needed SABA. <b>Methods:</b> A 52 week, open-label, parallel group, multicentre, phase III randomised controlled trial of 890 adults aged 18 to 75 with mild asthma who were using SABA for symptom relief, with or without maintenance ICS. Participants were randomised to either (i) budesonide-formoterol Turbuhaler 200/6μg, one inhalation as required for relief of symptoms or (ii) budesonide Turbuhaler 200μg twice daily, plus terbutaline Turbuhaler 250μg, two inhalations as required. The primary outcome was rate of severe exacerbations defined as hospital/emergency department systemic glucocorticoid treatment or at least 3 days of systemic glucocorticoids for asthma. <b>Results:</b> The analysis included 885 of 890 randomised patients; 70% were using ICS at entry. The annualised rate of severe exacerbations was lower in the as-needed budesonide-formoterol group than in the maintenance budesonide group (absolute rate 0.119 vs 0.172; relative rate, 0.69 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48 to 1.00]; p=0.049). The total severe and non-severe exacerbation rate was also lower in the as-needed budesonide-formoterol group (0.165 vs 0.237; relative rate, 0.70 [95% CI 0.51 to 0.95]; p=0.024). <b>Conclusion:</b> In adults with mild asthma, budesonide-formoterol used as required for relief of symptoms is more effective at preventing severe exacerbations than maintenance low dose budesonide plus as-needed terbutaline.
The sequence of events in psoriatic plaque formation after tape-stripping
Authors: MADALENE C.Y. HENG, S.G. KLOSS, C.S. KUEHN, D.G. CHASE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The sequence of events leading to the formation of a psoriatic plaque induced by tape-stripping was studied using light and electron microscopy. Among the earliest changes noted were increased mobility of the epidermal Langerhans cells across the basement membrane, evidence of Langerhans cell-lymphocyte interaction, and increased Langerhans cells 'activity' or 'cytotoxicity'. These changes were seen as early as 2 min after stripping and remained until the development of clinical psoriasis. Collections of epidermal lymphocytes showing the features of blastoid transformation while in contact with processes from activated Langerhans cells, suggest the involvement of Ia antigens in this process. We postulate that these findings are a manifestation of an increased immune responsiveness to trauma, controlled by genes located at the HLA-D locus of the major histocompatibility complex, and mediated by enhanced cellular interactions. The appearance of basal keratinocyte herniations (BKH) at 1-3 weeks after stripping, coincided with the development of clinical psoriasis. Neutrophils made their appearance at the same time as, or slightly before, the appearance of BKH, and are suspected to play a role in the development of these structures. We believe that BKH maintain epidermal proliferation through the persistence of the epidermal-stromal interaction.
Evidence that the IgA in patients with linear IgA disease is qualitatively different from that of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis
Authors: J.N. LEONARD, G.P. HAFFENDEN, D.J. UNSWORTH, NICOLA P. RING, E.J. HOLBOROW, LIONEL FRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Evidence that the IgA in patients with linear IgA disease is qualitatively different from that of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis Get access J.N. LEONARD, J.N. LEONARD Departments of Dermatology The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London Er Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.P. HAFFENDEN, G.P. HAFFENDEN Departments of Histopathology St Mary's Hospital, London W2 rNY The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London Er Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. UNSWORTH, D.J. UNSWORTH Departments of Medical Research Council Immunology Group, The Bone and Joint Research Unit, The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London Er Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar NICOLA P. RING, NICOLA P. RING Departments of Histopathology St Mary's Hospital, London W2 rNY The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London Er Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.J. HOLBOROW, E.J. HOLBOROW Departments of Medical Research Council Immunology Group, The Bone and Joint Research Unit, The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London Er Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar LIONEL FRY LIONEL FRY Departments of Dermatology The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London Er Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 110, Issue 3, 1 March 1984, Pages 315–321, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04637.x Published: 01 March 1984 Article history Accepted: 10 August 1983 Published: 01 March 1984
Do streptococci cause toxic shock?
Authors: M G Brook, B A Bannister
Journal: BMJ (1991)

I escaped the syndrome first described in my tribe by Dr Cicely Williams34 was simply because my educated parents took the same steps that Professor Marsden described from Brazil: I was fed with beans, eggs, milk, minced meat, and Ovaltine.Less fortunate relatives of my age whose parents also had three children in less than three years, and ofwhom it was also said "afor ese kwasiorkor, " went on to develop kwashiorkor because they could only afford to be fed with maize products such as akasa and kenky.The sibling positional word became almost invariably associated with the syndrome Cicely Williams was investigating, and although the term kwasiorkor was occasionally attached to a child who never went on to get the disease, whenever the syndrome kwashiorkor was seen in a child there was, more likely than not, very close proximity to a younger sibling.Exceptions occurred when children were orphaned, regardless of sibling positioning, or in multiple births.A further argument in support of Professor Marsden relates to what has come to be known as the adult kwashiorkor syndrome, in which diarrhoea, pitting oedema, hepatomegaly, dermatopathy, mental apathy, and hair changes result from protein energy malnutrition as, for example, in the creatorrhoea and steatorrhoea in severe alcoholic chronic pancreatitis.It is known that the syndrome in the adult is completely reversible with appropriate treatment and protein energy replacement.
Abstract 3235: Creation of novel rat models for cancer research using zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technology
Authors: Aaron M. McCoy, Diana Ji, Iara Carbery, Xiaoxia Cui, Edward Weinstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The rat resembles human physiology more closely than the mouse, partially because of its larger size. Rats are the preferred model for many disease fields, including cancer research, such as studies in breast and prostate cancers and bone metastasis. However, the lack of convenient experimental tools to manipulate the rat genome has largely limited the use of rat models, until the recent creation of the first targeted knockout rats by using zinc finger nuclease technology (Geurts et al., 2009). At SAGE Labs, we are uniquely positioned to create rat knockout models for all major disease categories. In regards to cancer research, we have developed p53 knockout rats, which may be used to significantly shorten the time required for carcinogenicity studies in the same capacity as the p53 knockout mice have been used since the mid-nineties. We are also in the process of creating a suite of immunocompromised rats, such as knockouts of RAG1, RAG2, and DNAPK, which may be used, for example, in the generation of xenografts for metastasis studies and bone marrow transplantation for cancer therapy. In addition, we have developed a set of toxicology models, including knockouts of Mdr1a, PXR, BCRP, Mrp1 and Mrp2, which can benefit studies on cancer drug delivery and metabolism. Model generation, their applications and future models will be discussed. Together, our goal is to help advance cancer research with the creation of novel rat models. Geurts, A. et al. Knockout rats via embryo microinjection of zinc-finger nucleases. Science 325, 433 (2009) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3235.
Has the prevalence of asthma increased in children? Evidence from the national study of health and growth 1973-86.
Authors: P G Burney, S Chinn, R J Rona
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVES--To estimate changes in the prevalence of reported symptoms of respiratory disease and reported diagnoses of asthma and bronchitis in primary school children in England between 1973 and 1986. DESIGN--Mixed longitudinal survey. SETTING--Representative sample of English primary schools in 22 areas. PARTICIPANTS--15,000 Boys and 14,156 girls each studied at least once between 1973 and 1986. DATA COLLECTED--Whether, according to the parent or guardian, the child had wheezed, wheezed on most days or nights, or had attacks of bronchitis or asthma in the past year. RESULTS--Within age groups trends in successive annual cohorts showed an increasing prevalence of asthma for each annual birth cohort (boys, 6.9%, p less than 0.001; girls, 12.8%, p less than 0.001) and of wheeze on most days or nights (boys, 4.3% per cohort, p less than 0.001; girls, 6.1% per cohort, p less than 0.001) and a falling prevalence of bronchitis (boys, -4.7% per cohort, p less than 0.001; girls, -5.8% per cohort, p less than 0.001). There was a smaller increase in the prevalence of wheeze whether or not it occurred on most days or nights, and this increase was significant only among the girls (boys, 1.0% per cohort, p greater than 0.05; girls, 1.7% per cohort, p less than 0.05). Although the rate of increase of "asthma" was greater than the rate of decrease in "bronchitis," the baseline prevalence of asthma was much lower than that of bronchitis, and the total proportion of children with either diagnosis declined slightly over the whole period. The main change was an increase in the proportion of children whose parents stated that they had persistent wheeze and yet did not have a report of either "asthma" or "bronchitis." CONCLUSIONS--These results suggest that there has been a true increase in morbidity that is not simply due to changes in diagnostic fashion. The increase is large enough to explain much if not all of the increase in admission to hospital and mortality, and it underlines the importance of an understanding of the aetiology of asthma in tackling the causes of the recent increase.
The Kassebaum–Kennedy Bill — The Limits of Incrementalism
Authors: Robert Kuttner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

When Senators Nancy Kassebaum (R-Kans.) and Edward M. Kennedy (D-Mass.) proposed the legislation that became the 1996 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act,1 “portability” became a catch phrase for the bridging of gaps in our fragmented health insurance system. Since about two thirds of Americans are insured through their employers, the loss of a job has often meant the loss of a health plan. And with the rise of medical underwriting and the widespread practice of denying new insurance to people with preexisting conditions, that loss may be permanent.At the Kassebaum–Kennedy hearings, there were accounts of people suddenly deemed . . .
P10. Concomitant gemcitabine therapy negatively affects DC vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell and B cell responses but improves clinical efficacy in a murine pancreatic carcinoma model
Authors: C Bauer, A Sterzik, F Bauernfeind, P Duewell, C Conrad, R Kiefl, S Endres, A Eigler, M Schnurr, M Dauer
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Multiple studies have shown that dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines can induce antitumor immunity. Previously, we reported that gemcitabine enhances the efficacy of DC vaccination in a mouse model of pancreatic carcinoma. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of
Nosocomial Transmission of Multidrug-resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Authors: Michele L. Pearson, John A. Jereb, Thomas R. Frieden, Jack T. Crawford, Barry J. Davis, Samuel W. Dooley, William R. Jarvis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To determine the factors associated with the development of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among patients at a New York City Hospital and to investigate possible nosocomial transmission. Design: A retrospective case-control study and tuberculin skin test survey. Patients: Twenty-three patients with tuberculosis whose isolates were resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin (case patients) were compared with patients with tuberculosis whose isolates were susceptible to all agents tested (controls). Tuberculin skin test conversion rates were compared among health care workers assigned to wards where patients with tuberculosis were frequently or rarely admitted. Setting: A large, teaching hospital in New York City. Measurements: Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from case patients and controls were typed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results: Case patients were younger (median age, 34 compared with 42 years; P = 0.006), more likely to be seropositive for HIV (21 of 23 compared with 11 of 23 patients; odds ratio, 11.5; 95% Cl, 1.9 to 117), and more likely to have had a previous hospital admission within 7 months before the onset of tuberculosis (19 of 23 compared with 5 of 23 patients; odds ratio, 17.1 ; Cl, 3.3 to 97), particularly on one ward (12 of 23 compared with 0 of 23 patients; odds ratio, undefined; P = 0.002). Health care workers assigned to wards housing case patients were more likely to have tuberculin skin test conversions than were health care workers assigned to other wards (11 of 32 compared with 1 of 47 health care workers; P < 0.001). Few (6 of 23) case patients were placed in acid-fast bacilli isolation, and no rooms tested had negative pressure. Of 16 available multi-drug-resistant isolates obtained from case patients, 14 had identical banding patterns by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In contrast, M. tuberculosis isolates from controls with drug-susceptible tuberculosis had patterns distinct from each other and from those of case patients. Conclusions: These data suggest nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis occurred from patient to patient and from patient to health care worker and underscore the need for effective acid-fast bacilli isolation facilities and adherence to published infection control guidelines in health care institutions.
Does retroflexion improve adenoma miss rates on the right side of the colon when using a pediatric variable-stiffness colonoscope during routine colonoscopy?
Authors: U. Baumann
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Optical colonoscopy is widely accepted as the gold standard for detecting colorectal pathology, especially adenomas and cancer. However, even in the most experienced hands, miss rates of adenomas and small cancers of up to 30 % have been reported in the literature [1] [2]. The visibility of the colorectal surface by colonoscopy is only 86.6 % compared with colonography simulation [3]. There are of course several reasons for this, one of which is the difficulty of locating adenomas that are hidden behind proximal sides of folds and the inner aspect of flexures [4] [5] [6], especially in the hepatic flexure, where the colonoscope can slip during removal [7]. Once the cecum is reached, retroflexion is often possible, and this is helpful in examining behind haustra as far as the hepatic flexure. However, retroflexion in the cecum of adult patients has proven to be significantly more successful when pediatric colonoscopes are used compared with when standard instruments are used [8] [9]. Furthermore, retroflexion in the colon facilitates resection of polyps during colonoscopy [10] [11]. So far, the impact of proximal colon retroflexion on adenoma miss rates has been negative when using normal endoscopes [12]. However, the prospective pilot study described below suggests significant advancement in colonoscopy when using pediatric variable-stiffness colonoscopes.
Preventing the Impending Doctor Glut-Reply
Authors: Arthur Osteen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The AMA Board of Trustees Report on Health Manpower, adopted at the interim meeting of the House of Delegates in 1981, opposes centralized regulation of the number of physicians and favors, instead, reliance on market mechanisms. Several medical schools recently have reduced the sizes of their entering classes and others are discussing doing so, an indication that market mechanisms do work, given time. The best information available indicates that US citizen graduates of foreign medical schools entering residency programs at present do not exceed 2,500 per year, the number suggested as acceptable by Dr Louria. The total number of foreign medical graduates entering practice in the United States, while more than 2,500 per year, has declined in recent years. At present, the majority of alien foreign medical graduates immigrating to the United States are admitted as refugees or relatives of US citizens, who are, incidentally, physicians. Enacting laws
Budesonide Enhances Repeated Gene Transfer and Expression in the Lung with Adenoviral Vectors
Authors: MARTIN KOLB, MARK INMAN, PETER J. MARGETTS, TOM GALT, JACK GAULDIE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The immune response with generation of neutralizing antiviral antibodies is an obstacle to effective repeated adenoviral gene transfer. Different immunosuppressive drugs facilitate repeat administration of adenovectors, but the clinical utility is uncertain because of systemic side effects. We investigated the use of topical corticosteroid in improving gene expression after repeated injection of adenovectors into mouse lungs. Using a vector expressing murine interleukin-6 (mIL-6) as a marker cytokine for gene expression, we show that budesonide given around exposure to adenovirus to the lung significantly maintained high levels of expressed transgene protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after as many as four consecutive injections of virus at two weekly intervals (p = 0.02 versus saline). Differences between treatment groups were most obvious 4 and 6 wk after the initial exposure to adenovirus (equivalent to three and four total exposures). In Week 4, transgene mIL-6 concentration was 2,327 ± 955 pg/ml in budesonide compared with 336 ± 246 pg/ml in saline-treated mice (p = 0.001). However, budesonide did not significantly protect transgene expression beyond Week 8 (four prior exposures). The improved transgene expression in budesonide-treated compared with saline-treated animals was associated with a reduction, but not prevention of neutralizing antiviral antibodies (BALF p < 0.001, serum p = 0.04). We conclude that budesonide can be valuable in gene therapy of the lung where repeated transient gene transfer is necessary.Keywords: adenoviral gene transfer; gene expression; budesonide
Attending to the vulnerabilities of people who are dying
Authors: M. E. Malthouse
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Three editors of The BMJ have exercised their autonomy by expressing their own views that the law should be changed to enable doctors to assist in the deaths of terminally ill patients.1 They argue that autonomy is the cardinal principle in medical ethics. But they forget that autonomy is relational and that medical ethics does not stand apart from …
Plasma Renin Activity in Acute Tubular Necrosis and Other Renal Diseases Associated with Hypertension
Authors: W. H. TU, Margaret Dawson
Journal: Circulation (1965)

By in vitro and in vivo bioassay methods, activity of plasma renin was studied in patients with acute tubular necrosis, polyarteritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or the terminal stage of chronic renal disease. Plasma renin activity was increased during the oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis, polyarteritis, or systemic lupus erythematosus; it was not increased during the diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis and in the terminal stage of chronic renal disease. Acute reversible hypertension, observed in some patients during the oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis, vas associated with a marked increase in plasma renin. A similar association was observed in hypertensive patients with polyarteritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, but not in hypertensive patients with the terminal stage of chronic renal disease. These data suggest that the renin mechanism may participate in the acute hypertension of acute tubular necrosis, polyarteritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, but not in chronic hypertension in the present study.
Protective effect of vitamin E against intraventricular haemorrhage in premature babies
Authors: C M Taylor, C. J Lote
Journal: BMJ (1983)

the youngest, a 50 year old woman with a complete D 1I paraplegia of several days' duration, had only a minimal and transient improvement in her neurological state and died shortly thereafter.Early and accurate diagnosis and the appropriate surgical ap- proach are essential.
Effect of cerebral perfusion pressure augmentation with dopamine and norepinephrine on global and focal brain oxygenation after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Andrew J. Johnston, Luzius A. Steiner, Doris A. Chatfield, Jonathan P. Coles, Peter J. Hutchinson, Pippa G. Al-Rawi, David K. Menon, Arun K. Gupta
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
One in five US soldiers have depression or post-traumatic stress disorder, study finds
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A study has found that 18.5% of current and former US service personnel report symptoms of depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. And 19% report symptoms that indicate traumatic brain injury, ranging from mild concussions to severe penetrating head wounds. An estimated 7% have both probable traumatic brain injury and depression or stress disorder.

The study, by the Rand Corporation, and sponsored by the California Community Foundation, an independent non-profit making think tank, is thought to be the first large private assessment of its kind. It included a survey of …
TCT-588 Cost-effectiveness of paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty for treatment of coronary restenosis in bare-metal stents
Authors: Klaus Bonaventura, Alexander Leber, Christian Sohns, Mattias Roser, Leif-Hendrik Boldt, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Marc Dorenkamp
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)