tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE IN VITRO DIFFERENTIATION OF MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES
Authors: Zanvil A. Cohn, Martha E. Fedorko, James G. Hirsch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

A combined morphological, autoradiographic, and cytochemical study at the electron microscope level has been directed towards the formation of electron-opaque granules of cultured macrophages. Labeling of the membrane-bound vesicular structures of pinocytic origin was accomplished with colloidal gold. The initial uptake of gold occurred within micropinocytic vesicles. These electron-lucent vesicles subsequently fused with and discharged their contents into larger pinocytic vacuoles. Colloidal gold was homogeneously distributed in the large pinosomes. In contrast, gold was initially deposited in the periphery of preformed dense granules indicating that these structures were also in constant interaction with the external environment. Colloidal gold was not observed within the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum nor within the saccules or vesicles of the Golgi apparatus. There were, however, many small, gold-free vesicles, indistinguishable from Golgi vesicles, which were preferentially aligned about and appeared to fuse with the large pinosomes. The intracellular flow of leucine-H(3)-labeled protein was followed by electron microscopic autoradiography. After a 15 min pulse of labeled amino acid there was initial labeling of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Subsequently, much of the label appeared in the Golgi complex. At still later time periods the cytoplasmic dense granules contained the majority of the isotope. Acid phosphatase activity was localized to the dense granules and in the majority of cells to the Golgi apparatus. It is suggested that hydrolytic enzymes are initially synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and are then transferred to the Golgi apparatus. Here they are packaged into small Golgi vesicles which represent the primary lysosome of macrophages. The Golgi vesicles subsequently fuse with pinosomes, thereby discharging their hydrolases and forming digestive granules or secondary lysosomes.
Activation of the mTOR signaling pathway by L-leucine in 5q- syndrome and other RPS14-deficient erythroblasts
Authors: B H Yip, C Vuppusetty, M Attwood, A Giagounidis, U Germing, A A Lamikanra, D J Roberts, J P Maciejewski, P Vandenberghe, C Mecucci, J S Wainscoat, A Pellagatti, J Boultwood
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Mental disorders in the developing world
Authors: M Abas, J Broadhead
Journal: BMJ (1994)

binding recommendations to purchasers, it sets no date for implementing its recommendations, and it identifies no new money to fund them.Yet most affected patients live in inner cities with high levels of social deprivation and NHS resources already under pressure.Furthermore, there is no indication that the Department of Health intends to monitor the implementation of this report, which is regrettable.Regardless of the report, the forum believed that the Department of Health should urgently address prescription charges and the provision of syringe pumps, syringes, butterfly needles, and other equipment for individual patients with haemoglobinopathy.
IV. Meta-Analysis of Raloxifene for the Prevention and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Ann Cranney, Peter Tugwell, Nicole Zytaruk, Vivian Robinson, Bruce Weaver, Jonathan Adachi, George Wells, Beverley Shea, Gordon Guyatt
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2002)

To review the effect of raloxifene on bone density and fractures in postmenopausal women.We searched MEDLINE from 1966 to 2000 and examined citations of relevant articles and the proceedings of international osteoporosis meetings.We included seven trials that randomized women to raloxifene or placebo, with both groups receiving similar calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and measured bone density for at least one year.For each trial, three independent reviewers abstracted the data and assessed the methodological quality using a validated tool.Data from one large dominating trial suggest a reduction in vertebral fractures with a relative risk (RR) of 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50-0.70, P < 0.01]. The RR of nonvertebral fractures in patients given 60 mg or more of raloxifene in the larger study was 0.92 (95% CI 0.79-1.07, P = 0.27). Raloxifene resulted in positive effects on the percentage change in bone density, which increased over time and was independent of dose. At the final year, point estimates and 95% CIs for the differences in percent change in bone density (95% CI) between raloxifene and placebo groups were 1.33 (95% CI 0.37-2.30) for total body, 2.51 (95% CI 2.21-2.82) for lumbar spine, 2.05 (95% CI 0.71-3.39) for combined forearm, and 2.11 (95% CI 1.68-2.53) for combined hip (P < 0.01 at all four sites). Results were similar across studies, and formal tests of heterogeneity did not approach conventional statistical significance. Raloxifene slightly increased rates of withdrawal from therapy as a result of adverse effects (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.33, P = 0.05). The pooled RR was significant for hot flashes 1.46 (95% CI 1.23-1.74, P < 0.01) and nonsignificant for leg cramps 1.64 (95% CI 0.84-3.20, P = 0.15).Raloxifene increases bone density, and the effect increases over 2 yr. The data suggest a positive impact of raloxifene on vertebral fractures. There was little effect of raloxifene on nonvertebral fractures.
Hepatic Toxicity From Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Small-Bowel Bypass
Authors: Carl M. Sutherland
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Numerous complications have been described after intestinal bypass for obesity, many of these involving the liver.<sup>1,2</sup>We wish to report the case of a patient whose condition had been stable for ten years after the construction of a bypass and who experienced deterioration of liver function while receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 52-year-old woman received a left modified radical mastectomy for stage II carcinoma of the breast. She began receiving adjuvant therapy consisting of melphalan, 4 mg/sq m, orally (days 1 through 5), and fluorouracil, 300 mg/sq m, intravenously (days 1 through 5), at six-week intervals. The patient's medical history was notable for the construction of a jejunocolic shunt for control of morbid obesity ten years before breast cancer developed. She weighed 96 kg when chemotherapy began and was asymptomatic, with the exception of having numerous semisolid stools every day.
Basic fibroblast growth factor augments podocyte injury and induces glomerulosclerosis in rats with experimental membranous nephropathy.
Authors: J Floege, W Kriz, M Schulze, M Susani, D Kerjaschki, A Mooney, W G Couser, K M Koch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Podocyte injury is believed to contribute to glomerulosclerosis in membranous nephropathy. To identify the factors involved, we investigated the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a cytokine produced by podocytes, on rats with membranous nephropathy (passive Heymann nephritis [PHN]). All rats received a daily i.v. bolus of 10 microg bFGF or vehicle from days 3-8 after PHN induction. In proteinuric PHN rats on day 8, bFGF injections further increased proteinuria. Podocytes of bFGF-injected PHN rats showed dramatic increases in mitoses, pseudocyst formation, foot process retraction, focal detachment from the glomerular basement membrane, and desmin expression. bFGF injections in PHN rats did not alter antibody or complement deposition or glomerular leukocyte influx. bFGF-injected PHN rats developed increased glomerulosclerosis when compared with control PHN rats. Also, bFGF induced proteinuria and podocyte damage in rats injected with 10% of the regular PHN-serum dose. None of these changes occurred in bFGF-injected normal rats, complement-depleted PHN rats or rats injected with 5% of the regular PHN serum dose. These divergent bFGF effects were explained in part by upregulated glomerular bFGF receptor expression, induced by PHN serum. Thus, bFGF can augment podocyte damage, resulting in increased glomerular protein permeability and accelerated glomerulosclerosis. This bFGF action is confined to previously injured podocytes. Release of bFGF from glomerular sources (including podocytes themselves) during injury may represent an important mechanism by which podocyte damage is enhanced or becomes self sustained.
Liver Function Tests
Authors: JOHN MATHEWS, JAMES D. SLAVIN, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Thirty-eight consecutive patients with liver scan evidence of hepatic metastases (and confirmation by other modalities) had blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase performed within two weeks. In 38% of the patients with small liver metastases, both alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were in the normal range. Even with large metastases present (one or more lesions over 2.5 cm in diameter), 19% of the patients had both enzyme tests within the normal range. Despite the lower cost of these enzyme assays, they failed to detect hepatic metastases in an appreciable portion of our patients.
The effect of the activity of psoriasis on the response to autologous ground skin extract
Authors: COURTNEY HODGSON, ELIZABETH HELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The effects of autologous extracts of involved and macroscopically uninvolved psoriatic skin on epidermal DNA synthesis have been studied. Previous reports of inhibition of DNA synthesis were confirmed but in a number of patients a stimulant, rather than an inhibitory effect, was observed. The stimulant effect was only present when the disease was in an acute, eruptive phase and was more marked in the involved than in the macroscopically uninvolved skin.
HLA-B27 Homozygosity in Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
Authors: SANJEEV PRAKASH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1983HLA-B27 Homozygosity in Seronegative SpondyloarthropathiesSANJEEV PRAKASH, M.D., NARINDER K MEHRA, PH.D., ANAND N MALAVIYA, M.D.SANJEEV PRAKASH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, NARINDER K MEHRA, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, ANAND N MALAVIYA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-5-676 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The frequency of the HLA-B27 antigen in samples of the normal Indian population and its association with ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's disease, and other spondyloarthropathies is similar to those reported in Western studies. The HLA-B27 antigen has been detected by us in 5.9% of 118 controls, 94% of 51 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (relative risk, 254), 83% of 36 patients with Reiter's disease (relative risk, 79), and 84% of 25 patients with "unclassifiable" seronegative peripheral arthritis (relative risk, 83) (1). This last group of patients are primarily males with seronegative asymmetric arthritis mainly involving large joints of lower...References1. MEHRAPRAKASHVAIDYAMALAVIYA NSMA. Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's disease and other HLA-B27 related spondyloarthropathies in North India. In: DAWK INS RL, ed. Immunogenetics in Rheumatology. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica; 1982. (In press). Google Scholar2. PRAKASHMEHRABHARGAVAMALAVIYA SNSA. HLA-B27 related 'unclassifiable' seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Ann Rheum Dis. 1983. (In press). CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. TROUGSTEIGERCONTU PUL. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS): a population and family study using HLA serology and MLR. In: KISSMEYER-NIELSON F, ed. Histocompatibility Testing. Copenhagen: Munksgaard; 1975:788-96. Google Scholar4. KHANKUSHNERBRAUNZACHARYSTEINBERG MLWAA. HLA-B27 homozygosity in ankylosing spondylitis: relationship to risk and severity. Tissue Antigens. 1979;11:434-8. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. WOODROW J. Genetics. In: MOLL JMH, ed. Ankylosing Spondylitis. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1980:26-41. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: All-India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1983Volume 98, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 676-676KeywordsAnkylosing spondylitisAntigensArthritisHomozygosityReactive arthritisRelative risk Issue Published: 1 May 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Primary cardiac tumors: Experience with 30 consecutive patients since the introduction of two-dimensional echocardiography
Authors: F. Earl Fyke, James B. Seward, William D. Edwards, Fletcher A. Miller, Guy S. Reeder, Thomas T. Schattenberg, Clarence Shub, John A. Callahan, A. Jamil Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
New sporadic case of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type III in an aged woman: detailed description of ultrastructural findings
Authors: Erica Sigler, Dina Shaft, Mordechai Shtalrid, Lev Shvidel, Alain Berrebi, Peretz Resnitzky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract We describe a new case of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) type III. This least common type of CDA was diagnosed at the age of 59 in a 70‐year‐old woman who suffered from a young age from mild macrocytic anemia, while the long follow up since diagnosis documented a benign clinical course. No family history of blood diseases was obtained and no anemia was documented in the medical records of any of her four children. The bone marrow (BM) examination on light microscopy revealed a severe erythroid hyperplasia with the presence of giant multinucleated erythroblasts. Ultrastructural examination of the BM disclosed the presence of many large multinucleated erythroblasts bearing a variety of ultrastructural findings: nuclear clefts, autophagic vacuoles, iron‐loaded mitochondria, and intracytoplasmic myelin figures. In addition, extensive hyperlobulation of the nucleus and partial loss of nuclear membrane with “spilling” of nuclear material to the adjacent cytoplasm was also noted in some of the erythroblasts. These last two findings have not been previously described in CDA III. Am. J. Hematol. 70:72–76, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer Exosomes Perform Cell-Independent MicroRNA Biogenesis and Promote Tumorigenesis
Authors: Sonia A. Melo, Hikaru Sugimoto, Joyce T. O’Connell, Noritoshi Kato, Alberto Villanueva, August Vidal, Le Qiu, Edward Vitkin, Lev T. Perelman, Carlos A. Melo, Anthony Lucci, Cristina Ivan, George A. Calin, Raghu Kalluri
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Utilization of the 3-D Stereotaxic Atlas and Normal Database Analysis to Further Investigate HIV-Related Neurocognitive Impairment and Follow-up Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Eduardo Sprinz, Luciane Boanova, Clarice Sprinz, Belmonte Marroni
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 39-year-old HIV-positive woman complained of memory loss. Neurologic examination (except neurocognitive impairment), cerebral CT, and lumbar puncture were normal. Brain perfusion SPECT (Tc-99m ECD) yielded areas of frontal hypoperfusion. A quantitative analysis was performed using anatomic standardization, and a comparison with a normal database showed multiples areas of hypoperfusion. After 6 months on antiretroviral treatment and neurocognitive improvement, images revealed partial regression in brain defects. This case shows that a technique of anatomic standardization and comparison with normal database has been used to investigate AIDS-related cognitive impairment, not only as a diagnostic tool, but also as a marker of clinical improvement.
Another Chance for Technology Assessment
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

New forces on the political landscape, rooted largely in the economics of medical care, are pressing federal officials and private interests to develop more adequate mechanisms to assess the safety and efficacy of emerging medical technologies. One force stems from expressed congressional concern over the resistance of some third-party payers to finance liver transplantation because, the payers argue, its efficacy has not been sufficiently well demonstrated. A second force is represented by a draft report of an Institute of Medicine committee, which recommends creation of a private–public technology-assessment body. A third force, which will probably prove to be the most . . .
European Medicines Agency widens access to its documents
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The London based European Medicines Agency is preparing to make more of its documentation available to health professionals and the general public. The initiative is in response to increasing demand for information and to criticism earlier this year by the ombudsman for the European Union after the agency refused two requests for access to documents it held.

Announcing the new policy guidelines, Noel Walthion, the head of patient health protection at the agency, said, “Openness and transparency are enshrined as fundamental values in the agency’s regulatory framework. They allow our stakeholders to understand the basis for the agency’s scientific decision …
[98] EFFECTOR/MEMORY SUBSETS AND FUNCTIONALITY OF CD4/CD8+ T-CELLS DURING POTENT ANTIVIRAL THERAPY IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB)
Authors: A. Riva, H. Cooksley, J. Hou, L. Vitek, P. Urbanek, H. Wedemeyer, M. Manns, W. Abbott, E. Gane, P. Hofmann, S. Zeuzem, M. Buti, D. Standring, G. Chao, N. Brown, N. Naoumov
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
QUANTITATIVE IMPACT OF HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND HDL SUBFRACTIONS ON RISK FOR HARD CHD EVENTS: A META-ANALYSIS OF THE FRAMINGHAM OFFSPRING AND JACKSON HEART STUDIES
Authors: Peter P. Toth, Joseph Massaro, Steven Jones, Seth Lirette, Michael Griswold, Seth Martin, Parag Joshi, Ralph D'Agostino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
530. Adenoviral and Hydrodynamic Gene Transfer of Replicating Episomes Result in Stable Transgene Expression after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice
Authors: Jan Snoeys, Désiré Collen, Bart De Geest
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: Integration of viral vectors can be associated with insertional oncogenesis. Episomal replicative vectors may constitute a safe alternative for integrating vectors. Most currently used episomal replicative systems are based on the Epstein-Barr virus origin of replication. Because the Epstein-Barr virus based system may be associated with oncogenesis, the objective of the current study was to develop an episomal replicative system functioning independent of a viral transactivator in hepatocytes. In contrast to the low degree of hepatocyte replication in adults, hepatocytes replicate in children and treatment of serious inborn errors of metabolism requires gene transfer at very young age.
Abstract 4805: A quantitative high-throughput screen identifies novel potential epigenetic modulators of gene transcription
Authors: Jennifer L. Wichterman, Ruili Huang, Wenwei Huang, Christopher Austin, James Inglese, Elizabeth Martinez, Ronald Johnson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is important in many biological processes including tumor formation. While some key modulators of epigenetic control like histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases are the subject of intensive research, little else is known of other targets or modifications that regulate this process. We used an image-based cell assay that measures induction of a silenced GFP-estrogen receptor (ER) reporter to identify novel classes of compounds involved in epigenetic regulation. This Locus Derepression (LDR) assay was screened against 282,000 compounds using quantitative high-throughput screening, a method that assays compounds at multiple concentrations. Structure-activity relationships of the 680 actives recovered from the screen indicated 127 clusters and 110 singletons. Over 200 compounds were retested in the LDR cells and were counter-screened against the parental line to identify fluorescent artifacts. Of the 72 compounds that retested as active and nonfluorescent, 57 were tested as independent samples to confirm activity. Confirmation studies indicated 23 compounds showed consistent activity in LDR cells and were not fluorescent. Confirmed actives are being characterized further to identify the targets and pathways these molecules modulate. These compounds represent important tool compounds for understanding the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic control of transcription. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4805.
Nonfasting Plasma Glucose is a Better Marker of Diabetic Control Than Fasting Plasma Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: A Avignon, A Radauceanu, L Monnier
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relative value of plasma glucose (PG) at different time points in assessing glucose control of type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Glycemic profiles, i.e., PG at prebreakfast (8:00 A.M.), prelunch (11:00 A.M.), postlunch (2:00 P.M.), and extended postlunch (5:00 P.M.) times over the same day, were obtained in 66 type 2 diabetic patients on an ambulatory basis. The different time points of PG were compared with a measurement of HbA1c made in a reference laboratory. RESULTS Extended postlunch PG was lower than prebreakfast PG (104 ± 21 vs. 133 ± 35 mg/dl, P &amp;lt; 0.02) in patients demonstrating good diabetic control (HbA1c ≤ 7.0%), was not different from prebreakfast PG (149 ± 47 vs. 166 ± 26 mg/dl, NS) in patients demonstrating fair diabetic control (7.0% &amp;lt; HbA1c ≤ 8.5%), and was higher than prebreakfast PG (221 ± 62 vs. 199 ± 49 mg/dl, P ≤ 0.01) in those demonstrating poor diabetic control (HbA1c ≤ 8.5%). Prebreakfast, prelunch, postlunch, and extended postlunch PG values were all significantly correlated with HbA1c. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that postlunch PG and extended postlunch PG correlated significantly and independently with HbA1c, but that prebreakfast PG and prelunch PG did not. Moreover, postlunch PG and extended postlunch PG demonstrated better sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value in predicting poor glycemic control than did prebreakfast PG or prelunch PG. CONCLUSIONS In type 2 diabetes, postlunch PG and extended postlunch PG are better predictors of glycemic control than fasting plasma glucose (FPG). We therefore suggest that they be more widely used to supplement, or substitute for, FPG in evaluating the metabolic control of type 2 diabetic patients.