tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonapical and Cytoplasmic Expression of Interleukin-8, CXCR1, and CXCR2 Correlates with Cell Proliferation and Microvessel Density in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Catherine Murphy, Maryalice McGurk, Johanna Pettigrew, Alfredo Santinelli, Roberta Mazzucchelli, Patrick G. Johnston, Rodolfo Montironi, David J.J. Waugh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: We characterized interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-8 receptor expression (CXCR1 and CXCR2) in prostate cancer to address their significance to this disease. Experimental Design: Immunohistochemistry was conducted on 40 cases of human prostate biopsy containing histologically normal and neoplastic tissue, excised from patients with locally confined or invasive androgen-dependent prostate cancer, and 10 cases of transurethral resection of the prostate material from patients with androgen-independent disease. Results: Weak to moderate IL-8 expression was strictly localized to the apical membrane of normal prostate epithelium. In contrast, membranous expression of IL-8, CXCR1, and CXCR2 was nonapical in cancer cells of Gleason pattern 3 and 4, whereas circumferential expression was present in Gleason pattern 5 and androgen-independent prostate cancer. Each of IL-8, CXCR1, and CXCR2 were also increasingly localized to the cytoplasm of cancer cells in correlation with advancing stage of disease. Cytoplasmic expression (but not apical membrane expression) of IL-8 in Gleason pattern 3 and 4 cancer correlated with Ki-67 expression (R = 0.79; P &amp;lt; 0.001), cyclin D1 expression (R = 0.79; P &amp;lt; 0.001), and microvessel density (R = 0.81; P &amp;lt; 0.001). In vitro studies on androgen-independent PC3 cells confirmed the mitogenic activity of IL-8, increasing the rate of cell proliferation through activation of both CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. Conclusions: We propose that the concurrent increase in IL-8 and IL-8 receptor expression in human prostate cancer induces autocrine signaling that may be functionally significant in initiating and promoting the progression of prostate cancer by underpinning cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
Professional and Community: Pathways Toward Trust
Authors: FREDERIC W. ILFELD, ERICH LINDEMANN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Mutual trust between professionals and community spokesmen is a critical but relatively ignored issue in community mental health. The more usual pathways toward trust are professional-community relationships of paternalism, co-optation, and collaboration. Failing these, the authors propose an alternative pathway whereby the health professional joins an existing indigenous community organization and follows the policies and directives of its leaders. Indications and contraindications for embarking on this alternative pathway and the various difficulties encountered in this novel role are considered.
Reply to Stefano Fanti, Bernd Krause, Wolfgang Weber, et al's Letter to the Editor re: Nicolas Mottet, Joaquim Bellmunt, Michel Bolla, et al. EAU Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part II: Treatment of Advanced, Relapsing, and Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2011;59:572–83
Authors: Nicolas Mottet, Joaquim Bellmunt, Michel Bolla, Steven Joniau, Malcolm Mason, Vsevolod Matveev, Hans-Peter Schmid, Theo Van der Kwast, Thomas Wiegel, Filiberto Zattoni, Axel Heidenreich
Journal: European Urology (2011)
STUDIES ON A LUNG TISSUE COMPONENT WHICH COMBINES WITH PNEUMONIA VIRUS OF MICE (PVM)
Authors: Mogens Volkert, Frank L. Horsfall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

Evidence has been obtained which indicates that the lung tissues of mammalian species susceptible to infection with PVM contain a specific component which combines with the virus. The concentration of this tissue component appears to be directly proportional to the suceptibility of the species; in its absence infection with PVM cannot be established. The available evidence suggests that the presence of the virus-combining component in lung tissue may play a decisive ro1e in the initiation of infection with this pneumotropic virus.
Outcome Prediction in Primary Resected Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Histology-Specific Overall Survival and Disease-Free Survival Nomograms Built on Major Sarcoma Center Data Sets
Authors: Alessandro Gronchi, Rosalba Miceli, Elizabeth Shurell, Fritz C. Eilber, Frederick R. Eilber, Daniel A. Anaya, Michael W. Kattan, Charles Honoré, Dina C. Lev, Chiara Colombo, Sylvie Bonvalot, Luigi Mariani, Raphael E. Pollock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Purpose Integration of numerous prognostic variables not included in the conventional staging of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas (RPS) is essential in providing effective treatment. The purpose of this study was to build a specific nomogram for predicting postoperative overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with primary RPS. Patients and Methods Data registered in three institutional prospective sarcoma databases were used. We included patients with primary localized RPS resected between 1999 and 2009. Univariate (Kaplan and Meier plots) and multivariate (Cox model) analyses were carried out. The a priori chosen prognostic covariates were age, tumor size, grade, histologic subtype, multifocality, quality of surgery, and radiation therapy. External validation was performed by applying the nomograms to the patients of an external cohort. The model's discriminative ability was estimated by means of the bootstrap-corrected Harrell C statistic. Results In all, 523 patients were identified at the three institutions (developing set). At a median follow-up of 45 months (interquartile range, 22 to 72 months), 171 deaths were recorded. Five- and 7-year OS rates were 56.8% (95% CI, 51.4% to 62.6%) and 46.7% (95% CI, 39.9% to 54.6%. Two hundred twenty-one patients had disease recurrence. Five- and 7-year DFS rates were 39.4% (95% CI, 34.5% to 45.0%) and 35.7% (95% CI, 30.3% to 42.1%). The validation set consisted of 135 patients who were identified at the fourth institution for external validation. The bootstrap-corrected Harrell C statistics for OS and DFS were 0.74 and 0.71 in the developing set and 0.68 and 0.69 in the validating set. Conclusion These nomograms accurately predict OS and DFS. They should be used for patient counseling in clinical practice and stratification in clinical trials.
Transverse Myelitis Associated With an Itchy Rash and HyperCKemia
Authors: Anand Iyer, Devipriya Rathnasabapathi, Liene Elsone, Kerry Mutch, Monica Terlizzo, David Footitt, Anu Jacob
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Neuromyelitis optica is associated with severe neurodisability if not recognized and treated promptly. Several autoimmune disorders are associated with this condition and may vary in their presentation. It is essential that clinicians are aware of the uncommon presenting features of neuromyelitis optica and associated autoimmune conditions. <h3>Observations</h3> A 53-year-old woman presented with nausea and vomiting and was noted to have an asymptomatic elevated creatinine kinase level, which improved with conservative management. She had a history of iron-deficiency anemia due to long-standing celiac disease that was managed with a gluten-free diet. She then presented with recurrent transverse myelitis and a vesicobullous rash over her arms and feet that was pruritic and excoriating. Skin biopsy results confirmed a clinical diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis and antibody test findings against aquaporin-4 were positive, leading to a diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. She was treated with methylprednisolone sodium succinate, plasma exchange, and azathioprine and has remained in remission. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This report highlights the association of neuromyelitis optica with dermatitis herpetiformis, which can present even without clinical features of celiac disease. Nausea, vomiting, and asymptomatic hyperCKemia should be recognized as rare presenting features of neuromyelitis optica.
Function and regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase genes in health and liver disease: Report of the seventh international workshop on glucuronidation, september 1993, Pitlochry, Scotland
Authors: Brian Burchell, Michael W. H. Coughtrie, Peter L. M. Jansen
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

opening address insight into the history of glucuronidation, in particular the discovery of the nucleotide sugar, UDPGA.He also expressed as his opinion that many questions that have captivated researchers in this field for decades will be resolved before the turn of the century.However, this workshop showed that this is not yet the case; some of the time-honored questions remain resistant even to the new molecular techniques. BACKGROUNDUGT catalyzes the conjugation of foreign and endogenous substrates (aglycones) with D-glucuronic acid.UDPGA serves as the donor substrate of the conjugating sugar.This is illustrated in the following equation.UDPGA + ROH+RO-glucuronic acid k UDP In addition to ROH, glucuronidation of RCOOH, RSH and RNH occurs thus forming ether, ester, thiol and amide glucuronides.UDPGA is synthesized from UDP-glucose by the cytosolic enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase.UGT is localized in the membranes of the ER and the nuclear envelope of hepatocytes, renal tubular cells, intestine, lung, adrenals and various other tissues.Glucuronidation makes lipophilic aglycones more water soluble so that they can be secreted in the urine or bile.In general, glucuronidation is a detoxifying reaction.However, acyl glucuronides are unstable and may be toxic, and other glucuronides may even be genotoxic or carcinogenic.
Efficacy of abbreviated Stanford V chemotherapy and involved-field radiotherapy in early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma: mature results of the G4 trial
Authors: R.H. Advani, R.T. Hoppe, D. Baer, J. Mason, R. Warnke, J. Allen, S. Daadi, S.A. Rosenberg, S.J. Horning
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Intensive Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Primary CNS Lymphoma: CALGB 50202 (Alliance 50202)
Authors: James L. Rubenstein, Eric D. Hsi, Jeffrey L. Johnson, Sin-Ho Jung, Megan O. Nakashima, Barbara Grant, Bruce D. Cheson, Lawrence D. Kaplan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Concerns regarding neurocognitive toxicity of whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) have motivated development of alternative, dose-intensive chemotherapeutic strategies as consolidation in primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). We performed a multicenter study of high-dose consolidation, without WBRT, in PCNSL. Objectives were to determine: one, rate of complete response (CR) after remission induction therapy with methotrexate, temozolomide, and rituximab (MT-R); two, feasibility of a two-step approach using high-dose consolidation with etoposide plus cytarabine (EA); three, progression-free survival (PFS); and four, correlation between clinical and molecular prognostic factors and outcome.Forty-four patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL were treated with induction MT-R, and patients who achieved CR received EA consolidation. We performed a prospective analysis of molecular prognostic biomarkers in PCNSL in the setting of a clinical trial.The rate of CR to MT-R was 66%. The overall 2-year PFS was 0.57, with median follow-up of 4.9 years. The 2-year time to progression was 0.59, and for patients who completed consolidation, it was 0.77. Patients age > 60 years did as well as younger patients, and the most significant clinical prognostic variable was treatment delay. High BCL6 expression correlated with shorter survival.CALGB 50202 demonstrates for the first time to our knowledge that dose-intensive consolidation for PCNSL is feasible in the multicenter setting and yields rates of PFS and OS at least comparable to those of regimens involving WBRT. On the basis of these encouraging results, an intergroup study has been activated comparing EA consolidation with myeloablative chemotherapy in this randomized trial in PCNSL, in which neither arm involves WBRT.
Immunosuppression and Resultant Viral Persistence by Specific Viral Targeting of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Noemí Sevilla, Stefan Kunz, Andreas Holz, Hanna Lewicki, Dirk Homann, Hiroki Yamada, Kevin P. Campbell, Juan C. de la Torre, Michael B.A. Oldstone
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Among cells of the immune system, CD11c(+) and DEC-205(+) splenic dendritic cells primarily express the cellular receptor (alpha-dystroglycan [alpha-DG]) for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). By selection, strains and variants of LCMV that bind alpha-DG with high affinity are associated with virus replication in the white pulp, show preferential replication in a majority of CD11c(+) and DEC-205(+) cells, cause immunosuppression, and establish a persistent infection. In contrast, viral strains and variants that bind with low affinity to alpha-DG are associated with viral replication in the red pulp, display minimal replication in CD11c(+) and DEC-205(+) cells, and generate a robust anti-LCMV cytotoxic T lymphocyte response that clears the virus infection. Differences in binding affinities can be mapped to a single amino acid change in the viral glycoprotein 1 ligand that binds to alpha-DG. These findings indicate that receptor-virus interaction on dendritic cells in vivo can be an essential step in the initiation of virus-induced immunosuppression and viral persistence.
Lactobacillus acidophilus LA 1 binds to cultured human intestinal cell lines and inhibits cell attachment and cell invasion by enterovirulent bacteria.
Authors: M F Bernet, D Brassart, J R Neeser, A L Servin
Journal: Gut (1994)

Four human Lactobacillus acidophilus strains were tested for their ability to adhere onto human enterocyte like Caco-2 cells in culture. The LA 1 strain exhibited a high calcium independent adhesive property. This adhesion onto Caco-2 cells required a proteinaceous adhesion promoting factor, which was present in the spent bacterial broth culture supernatant. LA 1 strain also strongly bound to the mucus secreted by the homogeneous cultured human goblet cell line HT29-MTX. The inhibitory effect of LA 1 organisms against Caco-2 cell adhesion and cell invasion by a large variety of diarrhoeagenic bacteria was investigated. As a result, the following dose dependent inhibitions were obtained: (a) against the cell association of enterotoxigenic, diffusely adhering and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium; (b) against the cell invasion by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and Salmonella typhimurium. Incubations of L acidophilus LA 1 before and together with enterovirulent E coli were more effective than incubation after infection by E coli.
Decreased caveolin-1 in atheroma: Loss of antiproliferative control of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis
Authors: C SCHWENCKE, A SCHMEISSER, C WALTER, R WACHTER, S PANNACH, B WECK, R BRAUNDULLAEUS, M KASPER, R STRASSER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is involved in the pathogenesis of primary atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. On the background of the antiproliferative activities of caveolin-1, the present study focused on the expression of caveolin-1 in proliferating VSMC of human atheroma.VSMC were isolated from wild-type (Wt) and caveolin-1 knockout mice (Cav-/-). Proliferation of Wt-VSMC after supplementation of serum or Cav-/-VSMC after adenoviral overexpression of caveolin-1 was documented by either Western blot analysis of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27kip1 and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) or BrdU incorporation. Using immunohistochemistry the proliferation of VSMC derived from atheroma of human carotid vessels as well as the expression of caveolin-1 in these cells were investigated ex vivo.Supplementation of serum to Wt-VSMC resulted in an augmented cell cycle entry and a concomitant decrease of caveolin-1 expression. Inversely, adenoviral overexpression of caveolin-1 in Cav-/-VSMC inhibited cellular proliferation. Corresponding to these in vitro data, the expression of caveolin-1 was significantly decreased in proliferating VSMC of human atheroma.The proliferation of VSMC in vitro and in human atheroma is associated with a decrease of caveolin-1 expression. These data suggest that the loss of antiproliferative control by caveolin-1 plays a pivotal role in VSMC proliferation in atherosclerosis.
Payment of Members of District Management Teams
Authors: G.P D.M.T. Member
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Married Women Consultants SnI,-In all the letters and discussion about 10-session contracts for consultants and whether or not private practice should be allowed I have seen no mention of maried women consultanir who, like my- self, elect to do maximum part-tmne work not to do private practice but so that they can have a modest amounit of
Safety and efficacy of bosutinib (SKI-606) in chronic phase Philadelphia chromosome–positive chronic myeloid leukemia patients with resistance or intolerance to imatinib
Authors: Jorge E. Cortes, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Tim H. Brümmendorf, Dong-Wook Kim, Anna G. Turkina, Zhi-Xiang Shen, Ricardo Pasquini, H. Jean Khoury, Steven Arkin, Angela Volkert, Nadine Besson, Richat Abbas, Junyuan Wang, Eric Leip, Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini
Journal: Blood (2011)
High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Adults
Authors: Stephen Derdak, Sangeeta Mehta, Thomas E. Stewart, Terry Smith, Mark Rogers, Timothy G. Buchman, Brian Carlin, Stuart Lowson, John Granton, None the Multicenter Oscillatory Ventilation for Acute Respirator
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<METHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONAPPENDIXReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Short Bacterial DNA Fragments
Authors: Ralf Schindler, Werner Beck, Reinhold Deppisch, Mario Aussieker, Adelheid Wilde, Hermann Göhl, Ulrich Frei
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

A number of bacterial cytokine-inducing substances (CIS) such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and exotoxins have been detected in dialysate and may contribute to inflammation in hemodialysis patients. Short DNA fragments, oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) of 6 to 20 nucleotides, are able to bind to Toll-like receptors and are stimulatory on immune cells. ODN induce natural killer cell activity and induce IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 from mononuclear cells. The presence of ODN in dialysate samples and bacterial cultures was investigated. ODN were extracted from fluids by adsorption to reverse-phase columns. ODN were detected in 18 of 20 investigated dialysate samples, in eight of 10 reverse-osmosis water samples, and in all cultures from various bacterial strains. The presence of bacterial DNA in dialysate was confirmed by PCR specific for bacterial tRNA gene sequences. Saline for intravenous use contained 0.02 ± 0.01 μg/ml DNA, dialysate samples contained 0.28 ± 0.02 μg/ml, and Pseudomonas cultures contained 1.0 ± 0.03 μg/ml DNA. ODN from bacterial cultures were only partially removed by ultrafiltration and were able to diffuse through regular high-flux dialyzer membranes. Synthetic cytosine-guanosine dinucleotide-containing ODN were able to induce IL-6 in human mononuclear cells. It is concluded that short bacterial-derived DNA fragments are present in clinically used fluids, e.g., dialysate. These fragments are of sufficient small size to pass through dialyzer membranes. Bacterial DNA fragments may be an overlooked factor contributing to inflammation in hemodialysis patients.
Reliability of a device measuring triceps surae muscle fatigability
Authors: M Haber, E Golan, L Azoulay, S R Kahn, I Shrier
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Objective: To examine the test–retest reliability of a protocol using an apparatus designed to standardise the standing heel rise test for the triceps surae muscle. Subjects: 40 healthy subjects volunteered to test short and medium term test–retest reliability (group SM, median age 24 years), and a convenience sample of 38 subjects with a history of unilateral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) volunteered to test long term test–retest reliability (group L, median age 52 years). Design: Subjects carried out 23 heel rises per minute until either the pace or the height could no longer be maintained. Group SM subjects repeated the test 30 minutes later (short term), and again 48 hours later (medium term). Subjects in group L did the test on the unaffected leg, and repeated the test one week later (long term). Results: The median number of heel rises achieved per trial in group SM was 34 (range 16 to 120). The intraclass coefficient (ICC) was 0.93 (SEM 2.1) for both 30 minute and 48 hour test–retest reliability. In group L, the median number of heel rises was 27 (range 9 to 97), with ICC 0.88 and SEM 3.4. Conclusions: The apparatus is a simple and inexpensive standardised tool that reliably measures triceps surae fatigability in subjects with no current injury. Future research should assess its use in injured patients.
Neutrophils induce damage to respiratory epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: SZ Wang, H Xu, A Wraith, JJ Bowden, JH Alpers, KD Forsyth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The mechanisms by which respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection induces bronchiolitis and airway disease are unclear. The presence of large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the airways of infants with RSV infection suggests a potential role of PMN in airway injury associated with RSV infection. To investigate the potential role of neutrophils in RSV bronchiolitis, human alveolar type II cells (A549 cells) were infected with different doses of RSV for 6-48 h. A 51Cr-releasing assay was used to measure PMN-induced damage and image analysis was used to determine PMN adhesion and detachment of epithelial cells. The results showed that RSV infection of epithelial cells enhanced PMN adherence in a dose- and time-dependent pattern, RSV infection alone could damage and detach epithelial cells to a limited extent and PMN significantly augmented RSV infection-induced damage and detachment of epithelial cells. These data suggest that respiratory syncytial virus infection of respiratory epithelial cells enhances neutrophil adhesion to the epithelium and that activated neutrophils augment the damage and detachment of epithelium infected with the virus. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus airway disease by inducing epithelial damage and cell loss.
The Scourge: Moral Implications of Natural Embryo Loss
Authors: Toby Ord
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

It is often claimed that from the moment of conception embryos have the same moral status as adult humans. This claim plays a central role in many arguments against abortion, in vitro fertilization, and stem cell research. In what follows, I show that this claim leads directly to an unexpected and unwelcome conclusion: that natural embryo loss is one of the greatest problems of our time and that we must do almost everything in our power to prevent it. I examine the responses available to those who hold that embryos have full moral status and conclude that they cannot avoid the force of this argument without giving up this key claim.
Antigammaglobulin (rheumatoid factor) activity of human IgG subclasses.
Authors: F Shakib, D R Stanworth
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

A sensitive radioimmunoassay has been applied to the study of rheumatoid factor activity of IgM and IgG subclasses in serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Although rheumatoid factor activity was found in all four subclasses, its distribution was not the same as that of the total subclasses in normal sera. Results are discussed in relation to the possible clinical value of measuring IgG rheumatoid factor in sera and synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.