tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Experiences with "Diparcol"
Authors: R. M. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1950)

It is imperative to advance our understanding of heterogeneities in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 such as age-specific infectiousness and super-spreading. To this end, it is important to exploit multiple data streams that are becoming abundantly available during the pandemic. In this paper, we formulate an individual-level spatio-temporal mechanistic framework to integrate individual surveillance data with geo-location data and aggregate mobility data, enabling a more granular understanding of the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. We analyze reported cases, between March and early May 2020, in five (urban and rural) counties in the State of Georgia USA. First, our results show that the reproductive number reduced to below 1 in about two weeks after the shelter-in-place order. Super-spreading appears to be widespread across space and time, and it may have a particularly important role in driving the outbreak in rural areas and an increasing importance towards later stages of outbreaks in both urban and rural settings. Overall, about 2% of cases were directly responsible for 20% of all infections. We estimate that the infected non-elderly cases (&lt;60) may be 2.78 [2.10, 4.22] times more infectious than the elderly, and the former tend to be the main driver of super-spreading. Our results improve our understanding of the natural history and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. More importantly, we reveal the roles of age-specific infectiousness and characterize systematic variations and associated risk factors of super-spreading. These have important implications for the planning of relaxing social distancing and, more generally, designing optimal control measures. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> There is still considerable scope for advancing our understanding of the epidemiology and ecology of COVID-19. In particular, much is unknown about individual-level transmission heterogeneities such as super-spreading and age-specific infectiousness. We statistically synthesize multiple valuable datastreams, including surveillance data and mobility data, that are available during the current COVID-19 pandemic. We show that age is an important factor in the transmission of the virus. Super-spreading is ubiquitous over space and time, and has particular importance in rural areas and later stages of an outbreak. Our results improve our understanding of the natural history the virus and have important implications for designing optimal control measures.
Pseudo A-V Block Secondary to Premature Nonpropagated His Bundle Depolarizations
Authors: KENNETH M. ROSEN, SHAHBUDIN H. RAHIMTOOLA, ROLF M. GUNNAR
Journal: Circulation (1970)

His and right bundle electrograms were recorded in a patient with unexplained P-R prolongations and periods suggestive of both type I and II second degree A-V block. The mechanism of these conduction disturbances was shown to be due to multiple nonpropagated premature His bundle depolarizations (H') which produced their effects on the subsequent cycle by virtue of concealed conduction into the A-V junction. The effects on A-V conduction were related to the time of occurrence of H' in relation to the subsequent P wave: If H'-P was short, a more profound conduction defect occurred. H' was generally undetectable on the ECG because of both antegrade and retrograde block, but a few propagated H' produced typical junctional premature contractions. Propagation of H' depended on a short preceding cycle length and a late occurrence of H'. The site of origin of H' appeared to be in the bundle of His. The mechanism of production of H' did not appear to be either reentry or parasystole. The term pseudo A-V block is used to describe the arrhythmia because there was no evidence of an intrinsic abnormality of A-V conduction. It is expected that other unusual electrocardiographic phenomena may be explainable with intracardiac recordings of specialized conduction tissue potentials.
Diagnosis of Postoperative Urinary Ascites Using Renal Scintigraphy
Authors: RACHEL A. POWSNER, ROBERT A. EDELSTEIN, THOMAS JAFFE, DAVID L. BATTINELLI, LEON G. JOSEPHS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Nuclear medicine biliary studies have been routinely used to identify bile leaks that occur after laparoscopic cholecystecomy. The use of a Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) renal scan to diagnose a case of urinary leakage that occurred after a laparoscopic-assisted colectomy is shown in this report. Laparoscopic surgery is widely used in place of conventional laparotomy to minimize recovery time and discomfort after surgery. The complication rate for laparoscopic colectomy has been reported as approximately 6% to 10%. In particular, ureteral leak has been reported in 2% of procedures. Ascites of unknown origin can become a diagnostic dilemma. We present a case of postoperative ascites of unknown origin that was successfully diagnosed as urinary leakage using renal scintigraphy.
GW25-e2325 Mfn2 down-regulation promotes PASMCs proliferation in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rats via PI3K/Akt pathway and mitochondria apoptosis pathway
Authors: Fang Xia, Zhong Guangwei, Chen Xi, Yu Qiao, Xie Mingxuan, Qiong Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Rocio Rabago Rodriguez, Rita A. Gómez-Díaz, Janet Tanus Haj, Francisco Jose Avelar Garnica, Eleazar Ramirez Soriano, Elisa Nishimura Meguro, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Niels H. Wacher
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

To compare the carotid artery intima-media thickness in Hispanic pediatric type 1 diabetic patients against that in healthy control subjects matched for age, sex, height, and BMI.The evaluation consisted of anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and a carotid Doppler and real-time ultrasound, in which carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), peak systolic velocity, and end diastolic velocity were measured using standardized procedures.A total of 52 diabetic patients and 47 control subjects were included. No significant differences existed in the characteristics between case and control subjects (mean age 11.8 +/- 3.1 vs. 11.8 +/- 2.8 years, weight 42.2 +/- 15.3 vs. 44.2 +/- 14.4 kg, height 1.45 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.47 +/- 0.15 m, BMI 19.3 +/- 3.2 vs. 19.9 +/- 4.4 kg/m2, systolic blood pressure 99.1 +/- 9.9 vs. 99.6 +/- 9 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure 63 +/- 6.4 vs. 62.0 +/- 5.7 mmHg, respectively). The mean duration of diabetes was 4.8 +/- 3.2 years (range 6-144 months), and the mean A1C was 8.6 +/- 1.6%. A significantly higher cIMT was found in the patients with type 1 diabetes (0.463 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.441 +/- 0.04 mm; P = 0.001). In contrast, both peak systolic velocity (107.1 +/- 22.8 vs. 119.3 +/- 19.2, P < 0.005) and end diastolic velocity (28.4 +/- 6.0 vs. 33.0 +/- 7.0, P < 0.001) were higher in the control subjects.Type 1 diabetes is associated with higher cIMT and decreased flow velocities in a Hispanic pediatric population.
IRAG determines nitric oxide- and atrial natriuretic peptide-mediated smooth muscle relaxation
Authors: Matthias Desch, Katja Sigl, Bernhard Hieke, Katharina Salb, Frieder Kees, Dominik Bernhard, Angela Jochim, Beate Spiessberger, Klaus Höcherl, Robert Feil, Susanne Feil, Robert Lukowski, Jörg W. Wegener, Franz Hofmann, Jens Schlossmann
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Nitric oxide (NO) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) signalling via cGMP controls smooth muscle tone. One important signalling pathway of cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI) is mediated by IRAG (IP(3) receptor associated cGKI substrate) which is highly expressed in smooth muscle tissues. To elucidate the role of IRAG for NO- and ANP-mediated smooth muscle tone regulation, cGKI localization, and for its possible function in blood pressure adjustment, we generated IRAG-knockout mice by targeted deletion of exon 3.IRAG deletion prevented stable interaction of IP(3) receptor type I (IP(3)RI) with cGKIbeta determined by cGMP affinity chromatography. Confocal microscopy in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) showed that localization of cGKIbeta and cGKIalpha did not change in absence of IRAG. NO-, ANP-, and cGMP-dependent relaxation of hormone-contracted aortic vessels and colon was significantly affected in IRAG-knockout mice. The suppression of cGMP-induced relaxation was not rescued by selective expression of cGKIbeta in smooth muscle from cGKIbeta-transgenic mice. NO-, ANP-, and cGMP-mediated inhibition of the hormone-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration measured by Fura2 was suppressed in IRAG-deficient VSMC. Telemetric measurements revealed that IRAG-deficient animals exhibited normal basal tone, but were resistant to blood pressure reduction induced by lipopolysaccharide-treatment.These findings indicate that signalling of cGKIbeta via IRAG is an essential functional part for regulation of smooth muscle tone and of intracellular calcium by NO (exogenously applicated or endogenously synthesized) and by ANP. IRAG signalling does not modulate basal tone but might be important for blood pressure regulation under pathophysiological conditions.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor and Sperm Production
Authors: John H. Blair
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To the Editor:—  One of the projects at Rockland State Hospital has been an investigation of the effect of certain psychopharmaceuticals on the endocrine system of schizophrenics. During the course of this project, one of the normal control subjects for semen studies (a 47-year-old white man) became moderately depressed and was placed on phenelzine sulfate (Nardil), supplied by Warner-Lambert Products, 15 mg. q.i.d. A marked relief of the depression was apparent at the end of 3 weeks. Equally striking, however, was the improvement in his semen; the sperm count suddenly increased one month after the start of treatment from a baseline of about 60 million per cc. to over 100 million per cc., with just as remarkable a qualitative improvement in motility and speed. In the fifth week he produced a sample of 178 million per cc., and in recent weeks all samples have ranged from 100 to 200 million.
Lack of mother to infant transmision of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Authors: P. Marcellin, J. Bernuau, M. Martinot-Peignoux, M.A. Loriot, S. Tran, A. Bezeaud, M.C. Guimonl, M. Levardon, S. Erling, J.P. Benhamou
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Re: Book Review of Dynamic Electrocardiographic Recording
Authors: Gerald F. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have read the review of my book<i>Dynamic Electrocardiographic Recording</i>, which was done by Alfred Pick, MD (242:373, 1979). Needless to say, I was rather concerned with Dr Pick's thoughts about my book and trust it is appropriate to write you regarding this. Of course I have known Dr Pick, his excellent reputation, and his writings for many years. I respect his experience and expertise but would like to make several comments regarding specific points that he made. For instance, in chapter 2, Fig 11,I believe that complete atrioventricular block is present. The arrows indicate parts of the S-T and T segment that are distorted by P waves. This was documented by other records that show this pattern repetitively. In Fig 17 I believe even more strongly that this is Type I atrioventricular Wenckebach. This is reflected in the paired QRSs and the extremely small but
A Lesser Chaos
Authors: M. Wyrebek
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A smart upconversion-based mesoporous silica nanotheranostic system for synergetic chemo-/radio-/photodynamic therapy and simultaneous MR/UCL imaging
Authors: Wenpei Fan, Bo Shen, Wenbo Bu, Feng Chen, Qianjun He, Kuaile Zhao, Shengjian Zhang, Liangping Zhou, Weijun Peng, Qingfeng Xiao, Dalong Ni, Jianan Liu, Jianlin Shi
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Understanding hospital referral rates: a user's guide.
Authors: M O Roland, J Bartholomew, D C Morrell, A McDermott, E Paul
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Detailed referral information from one practice was used to investigate the effect of calculating referral rates in several different ways. Referral rates for individual general practitioners should be related to the number of consultations carried out and not to the number of registered patients; for whole practices list size may be used as the denominator. Most doctors will not need to control for age and sex of patients when comparing referral rates but may need to control for case mix when comparing referral rates to individual specialties. In addition, a method is described for distinguishing systematic variation between the referral rates of individual doctors from the random variation that may arise from data based on fairly small numbers of referrals. The method indicates whether systematic variation is greater than would be expected by chance, and it can be extended to indicate whether variability in referral rates is greater in one specialty than another. Because of random variation with time a year's data may not be sufficient to allow reliable interpretation of referral rates to individual specialties, except for the largest. At present there is no known relation between high or low referral rates and quality of care. Nevertheless, if doctors are to interpret their own rates of referral they need those rates to be reliable and valid. Use of the 10 guidelines described in this paper will help to prevent unwarranted conclusions being drawn from information on general practitioners' rates of referral to hospital.
Indian doctors may be tried in consumer courts
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Objective:</h3> Relatively little research exists focusing on the impact of air pollution on hospital admissions in Asia compared to the extensive work conducted in the USA and Europe. The issue is of particular importance because of the frequency, intensity and health effects of Asian sandstorms. This work investigates the relation between cause-specific hospital admissions and sandstorms and air pollution in Taipei, Taiwan’s capital. <h3>Methods:</h3> Time-series analyses of asthma, pneumonia, ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease hospital admissions were performed for Taipei. An eight-year time period (1995–2002) was considered for various indicators of sandstorms and the pollutants NO<sub>2</sub>, CO, ozone, SO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Pollution effects based on single-day lags of 0, 1, 2 and 3 days were explored, along with the average of the same day and previous three days (L03). <h3>Results:</h3> The risk of ischaemic heart disease admissions was associated with several sandstorm metrics, including indicators of high PM<sub>10</sub> levels in the Taipei area, indicators of high PM<sub>10</sub> at a monitor designed to measure background pollution, the PM coarse fraction, and the ratio of PM<sub>10</sub> to PM<sub>2.5</sub>. However, the lag structure of effect was not consistent across sandstorm indicators. Hospital admissions for this disease were 16–21% higher on sandstorm days compared to other days. This cause was also associated with transportation-related pollutants, NO<sub>2</sub>, CO and PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Asthma admissions rose 4.48% (95% CI 0.71% to 8.38%) per 28 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in L03 PM<sub>10</sub> levels and 7.60% (95% CI 2.87% to 12.54%) per 10 ppb increase in L03 ozone. Cerebrovascular disease admissions were associated with PM<sub>10</sub> and CO, both at lag 3 days. SO<sub>2</sub> exhibited no relation with admissions. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Risk of hospital admissions in Taipei may be increased by air pollution and sandstorms. Additional research is needed to clarify the lag structure and magnitude of such effects.
Choledochoduodenal fistula caused by cholangiocarcinoma of the distal common bile duct
Authors: C.-T. Lin, K.-F. Hsu, J.-C. Yu, H.-C. Chu, C.-B. Hsieh, C.-Y. Fu, Z.-J. Hong, D.-C. Chan
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Biliary-enteric fistula is a relatively rare condition involving a communication between the biliary tree and the gastrointestinal tract [1] [2]. Parapapillary choledochoduodenal fistula is usually asymptomatic and therefore this disorder has usually been diagnosed incidentally [3]. We report a rare case of choledochoduodenal fistula caused by adenocarcinoma of the distal common bile duct (CBD), which was suspected on computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and confirmed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).
Chronic heart failure is associated with vascular remodeling of the brachial artery
Authors: Gerhard Poelzl, Matthias Frick, Heike Huegel, Benedikt Lackner, Hannes F. Alber, Johannes Mair, Manfred Herold, Severin Schwarzacher, Otmar Pachinger, Franz Weidinger
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Functional Asplenia in the Absence of Circulating Howell-Jolly Bodies
Authors: VIJAY DHAWAN, RICHARD P. SPENCER, HOWARD A. PEARSON, JOHN J. SZIKLAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

The term functional asplenia has been used to refer to anatomic presence of the spleen without the ability to accumulate intravenously administered radiocolloid. Functional asplenia had previously been invariably associated with the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies in circulating erythrocytes. The first documented instance of functional asplenia, without the presence of these intraerythrocytic inclusions, is described. The patient suffered acute cellac artery thrombosis. The sudden onset of splenic dysfunction, and accompanying infection, probably accounted for the lack of Howell-Jolly bodies.
Nitrate tolerance, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function: another worrisome chapter on the effects of organic nitrates
Authors: John D. Parker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

A shortcoming in the clinical use of organic nitrates is the development of tolerance. Recent data have suggested that the denitrification of organic nitrates is mediated by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and that dysfunction of this enzyme is an important cause of tolerance. In this issue of the JCI, evidence in support of this hypothesis is presented in an in vivo model of nitrate tolerance.
Ellipsis marks an important omission
Authors: Richard Webster
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Gornall, in his article about the paper by Carpenter et al on recurrent infant deaths,1 was right to argue that uncertain data should not be translated into statistics that seem clear cut. But his suggestion that a report by John Emery, the pathologist who initiated the Lancet study, upheld the ultra-suspiciousness of “Meadow's law” is curious. 

Emery produced the report for Sally Clark's defence …
Germany hails health reforms as a success
Authors: H L Karcher
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Germany is congratulating itself on having successfully reformed its public health insurance scheme after figures released last week showed a record surplus of DM10.2bn (pounds sterling 4bn) in 1993. This is in sharp contrast to 1992, when the scheme made a loss of DM9.4bn (pounds sterling 3.7bn). In western Germany the amount spent on health per person fell by 1.3% in 1993 while revenue from health insurance …
EJ-Ras Inhibits Phospholipase C <sub>γ1</sub> but Not Actin Polymerization Induced by Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
Authors: Alan W. Heldman, David E. Kandzari, Robert W. Tucker, Lawrence E. Crawford, Eric R. Fearon, Kenneth S. Koblan, Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract Transformation of fibroblast-like cells (NIH 3T3) by a constitutively activated GTP-bound isoform of p21 ras (EJ-Ras) produces morphogenic changes characterized by decreased attachment to the substratum, with retraction and rounding of the cell body. Transformed fibroblasts lose their “stressed” conformation and adopt a “relaxed” morphology. The specific molecular mechanisms responsible for these changes remain uncharacterized. We found that EJ-Ras transformation of NIH 3T3 cells decreased the cellular content of polymerized actin, particularly at the expense of actin stress fibers, but induced the accumulation of actin filaments in peripheral ruffling membranes. Polymerization of actin could be induced in EJ-Ras–transformed cells by exposure to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB to an extent similar to that observed in wild-type NIH 3T3 cells. In EJ-Ras cells, actin polymerization was independent of phospholipase C γ1 (PLCγ1) activity, because inositol tris-phosphate (IP 3 ) production observed in control NIH 3T3 cells in response to PDGF-BB was absent. Although PDGF-BB did stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCγ1, the phospholipase was strongly inhibited by an inhibitory factor present in the cytoplasm of EJ-Ras–transformed cells. In addition, cytoplasmic extracts of EJ-Ras, but not of control cells, inhibited phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate (PIP 2 ) hydrolysis catalyzed by a recombinant PLCγ1 in vitro. Although PIP 2 hydrolysis could not contribute to the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton induced by PDGF-BB in EJ-Ras–transformed cells, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) was necessary for actin polymerization. Wortmannin, a specific PI3-K inhibitor, not only blocked actin polymerization in both control and EJ-Ras–transformed cells but actually led to rapid actin depolymerization when these cells were exposed to PDGF-BB. Thus, in EJ-Ras–transformed cells, cell morphogenic changes in response to PDGF-BB rely importantly on PI3-K and can occur in the complete absence of IP 3 production despite tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCγ1.
Lupus Pernio
Authors: STEPHEN B. SULAVIK, DIANE L WHITAKER, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 37-year-old man with a history of chronic skin sarcoldosis had the classic triad of lupus pernio. Each of the lesions (nose, ears, and hands) revealed avid radiogallium accumulation. In addition, both the panda sign and the lambda sign of hilar-mediastinal lymph node uptake of radiogallium were present, despite normal results of chest radiography. Several other lymph node chains were also involved. The case can serve as a baseline to determine if other instances of lupus pernio have such a wide systemic distribution of radiogallium uptake.
Dual-purpose magnetic micelles for MRI and gene delivery
Authors: Chunyan Wang, Sowndharya Ravi, Gary V. Martinez, Vignesh Chinnasamy, Payal Raulji, Mark Howell, Yvonne Davis, Jaya Mallela, Mohindar S. Seehra, Subhra Mohapatra
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)