tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Collagen induced human platelet aggregation: serotonin receptor antagonism retards aggregate growth in vitro
Authors: V. C Menys
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

The role of platelet derived serotonin (5-HT) in collagen induced human platelet aggregation was examined both in hirudinised plasma and whole blood. Hirudin was used to maintain normocalcaemia, thereby avoiding erroneous findings often obtained with citrated blood.Platelet aggregation, aggregate growth, and primary platelet aggregation were quantified by optical aggregometry and platelet counting respectively.In plasma, platelet aggregation induced by 5-HT (3 microM) in the presence of adrenaline (1 microM) was inhibited by more than 85% by ICI 170809 (3 microM, IC50 0.1 microM), a specific platelet 5-HT2 antagonist. With collagen (0.5 micrograms.ml-1), ICI 170809 retarded the rate of aggregation by 30%, whereas aspirin abolished the response. In contrast, ICI 170809 inhibited collagen induced primary aggregation by less than 10% in both plasma and whole blood.(1) 5-HT contributes to collagen induced aggregate growth and 5-HT2 receptor antagonism with ICI 170809 retards the rate of growth. (2) This could explain the efficacy of 5-HT2 antagonists in limiting coronary thrombosis despite the limited role of 5-HT in primary aggregation.
Comparison of Intravitreal versus Posterior Sub–Tenon’s Capsule Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide for Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: José A. Cardillo, Luiz A.S. Melo, Rogério A. Costa, Mirian Skaf, Rubens Belfort, Acácio A. Souza-Filho, Michel E. Farah, Baruch D. Kuppermann
Journal: Ophthalmology (2005)
Where There Is No Doctor
Authors: Elizabeth Babu
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in systolic heart failure in 2014: the evolving prognostic role
Authors: Ugo Corrà, Massimo F. Piepoli, Stamatis Adamopoulos, Piergiuseppe Agostoni, Andrew J.S. Coats, Viviane Conraads, Ekaterini Lambrinou, Burkert Pieske, Ewa Piotrowicz, Jean‐Paul Schmid, Petar M. Seferović, Stefan D. Anker, Gerasimos Filippatos, Piotr P. Ponikowski
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)
miRNA deregulation by epigenetic silencing disrupts suppression of the oncogene PLAG1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Christian Philipp Pallasch, Michaela Patz, Yoon Jung Park, Susanne Hagist, Daniela Eggle, Rainer Claus, Svenja Debey-Pascher, Alexandra Schulz, Lukas P. Frenzel, Julia Claasen, Nadine Kutsch, Günter Krause, Christine Mayr, Andreas Rosenwald, Christoph Plass, Joachim L. Schultze, Michael Hallek, Clemens-Martin Wendtner
Journal: Blood (2009)
Evolution of β-blockers: from anti-anginal drugs to ligand-directed signalling
Authors: Jillian G. Baker, Stephen J. Hill, Roger J. Summers
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (2011)

Sir James Black developed β-blockers, one of the most useful groups of drugs in use today. Not only are they being used for their original purpose to treat angina and cardiac arrhythmias, but they are also effective therapeutics for hypertension, cardiac failure, glaucoma, migraine and anxiety. Recent studies suggest that they might also prove useful in diseases as diverse as osteoporosis, cancer and malaria. They have also provided some of the most useful tools for pharmacological research that have underpinned the development of concepts such as receptor subtype selectivity, agonism and inverse agonism, and ligand-directed signalling bias. This article examines how β-blockers have evolved and indicates how they might be used in the future.
Early Changes in Rat Diaphragm Biology with Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Gábor Z. Rácz, Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez, Dries Testelmans, Pascal Cadot, Kristel De Paepe, Ernő Zádor, Frank Wuytack, Marc Decramer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

To better characterize the effects of 24-hour mechanical ventilation on diaphragm, the expression of myogenic transcription factors, myosin heavy chains, and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase pumps was examined in rats. In the diaphragm of mechanically ventilated animals, the mRNA of MyoD, myosin heavy chain-2a and -2b, and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase-1a decreased, whereas myogenin mRNA increased. In the diaphragm of anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats, only the mRNA of MyoD and myosin heavy chain-2a decreased. MyoD and myogenin protein expression followed the changes at the mRNA, whereas the myosin heavy chain isoforms did not change. Parallel experiments involving the gastrocnemius were performed to assess the relative contribution of muscle shortening versus immobilization-induced deconditioning on muscle regulatory factor expression. Passive shortening produced no additional effects compared with immobilization-induced deconditioning. The overall changes followed a remarkably similar pattern except for MyoD protein expression, which increased in the gastrocnemius and decreased in the diaphragm while its mRNA diminished in both muscles. The early alterations in the expression of muscle protein and regulatory factors may serve as underlying molecular basis for the impaired diaphragm function seen after 24 hours of mechanical ventilation. Whether immobilization-induced deconditioning and/or passive shortening play a role in these alterations could not be fully unraveled.
Oncolytic Adenoviral Mutants with E1B19K Gene Deletions Enhance Gemcitabine-induced Apoptosis in Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells and Anti-Tumor Efficacy <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Stephan Leitner, Katrina Sweeney, Daniel Öberg, Derek Davies, Enrique Miranda, Nick R. Lemoine, Gunnel Halldén
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a rapidly progressive malignancy that is highly resistant to current chemotherapeutic modalities and almost uniformly fatal. We show that a novel targeting strategy combining oncolytic adenoviral mutants with the standard cytotoxic treatment, gemcitabine, can markedly improve the anticancer potency. Experimental Design: Adenoviral mutants with the E1B19K gene deleted with and without E3B gene expression (AdΔE1B19K and dl337 mutants, respectively) were assessed for synergistic interactions in combination with gemcitabine. Cell viability, mechanism of cell death, and antitumor efficacy in vivo were determined in the pancreatic carcinoma cells PT45 and Suit2, normal human bronchial epithelial cells, and in PT45 xenografts. Results: The ΔE1B19K-deleted mutants synergized with gemcitabine to selectively kill cultured pancreatic cancer cells and xenografts in vivo with no effect in normal cells. The corresponding wild-type virus (Ad5) stimulated drug-induced cell killing to a lesser degree. Gemcitabine blocked replication of all viruses despite the enhanced cell killing activity due to gemcitabine-induced delay in G1/S-cell cycle progression, with repression of cyclin E and cdc25A, which was not abrogated by viral E1A-expression. Synergistic cell death occurred through enhancement of gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in the presence of both AdΔE1B19K and dl337 mutants, shown by increased cell membrane fragmentation, caspase-3 activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions: Our data suggest that oncolytic mutants lacking the antiapoptotic E1B19K gene can improve efficacy of DNA-damaging drugs such as gemcitabine through convergence on cellular apoptosis pathways. These findings imply that less toxic doses than currently practiced in the clinic could efficiently target pancreatic adenocarcinomas when combined with adenoviral mutants.
Letter by Abdellaoui et al Regarding Article, “Intracoronary Compared With Intravenous Bolus Abciximab Application in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention”
Authors: Mohamed Abdellaoui, Gilles Rioufol, Gérard Finet
Journal: Circulation (2009)
CONDITION OF THE CAPILLARIES IN HISTAMINE SHOCK
Authors: Arnold Rice Rich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

1. Histamine exerts a local dilator effect upon capillaries and upon the smallest arterioles and venules which border the capillary system. There occurs also an opening up of large numbers of capillaries of which no trace can be seen before the application of histamine. 2. When injected intravenously in amounts sufficient to produce shock, histamine causes a quickly progressive dilatation of both the visible and the occult capillaries and of their immediately adjacent arterioles and venules, all of which become engorged with blood that moves through them in a strikingly sluggish manner. The circulatory failure which characterizes histamine shock results from the dilatation of the peripheral vascular bed.
A clonal analysis of the IgE response and its implications with regard to isotope commitment.
Authors: J M Teale, F T Liu, D H Katz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

In a clonal analysis of the IgE response, it was found that a small proportion of primary or nonimmune B cells in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes can be stimulated by antigen to produce IgE-secreting clones. In addition, there appears to be no substantial difference in the frequency of such cells between the classical low and high IgE responder strains. An analysis of immune, or memory, B cells revealed substantial increases in the frequency of B cells secreting IgE as compared with primary B cells, although the actual proportion of B cells secreting IgE remained relatively low. When the IgE-secreting clones derived from either primary or secondary B cells were reanalyzed for the presence of other isotypes, it was found that all clones secreting IgE were secreting at least one other isotype, with the majority secreting two or three other isotypes in addition to IgE. This demonstrates that there is no distinct subpopulation of B cells committed to IgE expression per se.
Soy immunotherapy for peanut-allergic mice: Modulation of the peanut-allergic response
Authors: Laurent Pons, Usha Ponnappan, Renée A. Hall, Pippa Simpson, Gael Cockrell, C. Michael West, Hugh A. Sampson, Ricki M. Helm, A. Wesley Burks
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Reduction in diversity of the colonic mucosa associated bacterial microflora in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: S J Ott
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background and aims:</b> The intestinal bacterial microflora plays an important role in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As most of the colonic bacteria cannot be identified by culture techniques, genomic technology can be used for analysis of the composition of the microflora. <b>Patients and methods:</b> The mucosa associated colonic microflora of 57 patients with active inflammatory bowel disease and 46 controls was investigated using 16S rDNA based single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) fingerprint, cloning experiments, and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). <b>Results:</b> Full length sequencing of 1019 clones from 16S rDNA libraries (n = 3) revealed an overall bacterial diversity of 83 non-redundant sequences—among them, only 49 known bacterial species. Molecular epidemiology of the composition of the colonic microflora was investigated by SSCP. Diversity of the microflora in Crohn's disease was reduced to 50% compared with controls (21.7 <i>v</i> 50.4; p&lt;0.0001) and to 30% in ulcerative colitis (17.2 <i>v</i> 50.4; p&lt;0.0001). The reduction in diversity in inflammatory bowel disease was due to loss of normal anaerobic bacteria such as <i>Bacteroides</i> species, <i>Eubacterium</i> species, and <i>Lactobacillus</i> species, as revealed by direct sequencing of variable bands and confirmed by real time PCR. Bacterial diversity in the Crohn's group showed no association with CARD15/NOD2 status. <b>Conclusions:</b> Mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with loss of normal anaerobic bacteria. This effect is independent of NOD2/CARD15 status of patients.
Effect of Medical Treatment in Stroke Patients With Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Shunichi Homma, Ralph L. Sacco, Marco R. Di Tullio, Robert R. Sciacca, J.P. Mohr
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is associated with stroke, but there are no randomized studies to evaluate the efficacy of antithrombotic therapies. Methods and Results — The PFO in Cryptogenic Stroke Study was a 42-center study that evaluated transesophageal echocardiographic findings in patients randomly assigned to warfarin or aspirin in the Warfarin-Aspirin Recurrent Stroke Study. In this study, 630 stroke patients were enrolled, of whom 312 (49.5%) were randomized to warfarin and 318 (50.5%) to aspirin. Of these, 265 patients experienced cryptogenic stroke and 365 experienced known stroke subtypes. End points were recurrent ischemic stroke or death. PFO was present in 203 patients (33.8%). There was no significant difference in the time to primary end points between those with and those without PFO in the overall population ( P =0.84; hazard ratio 0.96; 95% CI 0.62 to 1.48; 2-year event rates 14.8% versus 15.4%) or in the cryptogenic subset ( P =0.65; hazard ratio 1.17; 95% CI 0.60 to 2.37; 2-year event rates 14.3% versus 12.7%). There was no significant difference among those with no, small, or large PFO ( P =0.41 for small PFO and P =0.16 for large PFO; 2-year event rates for no, small, and large PFO, 15.4%, 18.5%, and 9.5%, respectively). There was no significant difference between patients with isolated PFO and those with PFO in association with atrial septal aneurysm ( P =0.84; 2-year event rates 14.5% versus 15.9%). In patients with PFO, there was no significant difference in the time to primary end points between those treated with warfarin and those treated with aspirin ( P =0.49; hazard ratio 1.29; 95% CI 0.63 to 2.64; 2-year event rates 16.5% versus 13.2%). Conclusions — On medical therapy, the presence of PFO in stroke patients did not increase the chance of adverse events regardless of PFO size or the presence of atrial septal aneurysm.
Glutathione S-Transferase and Epoxide Hydrolase Activity in Human Leukocytes in Relation to Risk of Lung Cancer and Other Smoking-Related Cancers
Authors: Susan R. Heckbert, Noel S. Weiss, Sigrid K. Hornung, David L. Eaton, Arno G. Motulsky
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Glutathione S-Transferase and Epoxide Hydrolase Activity in Human Leukocytes in Relation to Risk of Lung Cancer and Other Smoking-Related Cancers Get access Susan R. Heckbert, Susan R. Heckbert Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Noel S. Weiss, Noel S. Weiss Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sigrid K. Hornung, Sigrid K. Hornung Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David L. Eaton, David L. Eaton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arno G. Motulsky Arno G. Motulsky Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 6, 18 March 1992, Pages 414–422, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.6.414 Published: 18 March 1992 Article history Received: 12 August 1991 Revision received: 31 October 1991 Accepted: 19 December 1991 Published: 18 March 1992
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Dominant Optic Atrophy
Authors: Piero Barboni, Giacomo Savini, Vincenzo Parisi, Michele Carbonelli, Chiara La Morgia, Alessandra Maresca, Federico Sadun, Anna Maria De Negri, Arturo Carta, Alfredo A. Sadun, Valerio Carelli
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
An internet-delivered handwashing intervention to modify influenza-like illness and respiratory infection transmission (PRIMIT): a primary care randomised trial
Authors: Paul Little, Beth Stuart, F D R Hobbs, Mike Moore, Jane Barnett, Deborah Popoola, Karen Middleton, Joanne Kelly, Mark Mullee, James Raftery, Guiqing Yao, William Carman, Douglas Fleming, Helen Stokes-Lampard, Ian Williamson, Judith Joseph, Sascha Miller, Lucy Yardley
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Predictors of Premature Termination of Inpatient Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: D. Blake Woodside, Jacqueline C. Carter, Elizabeth Blackmore
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

The authors examined predictors of premature dropout from a voluntary specialized inpatient treatment program for anorexia nervosa.One hundred sixty-six consecutive patients with anorexia nervosa received an admission assessment that consisted of a diagnostic interview and psychometric measures of core eating pathology and associated psychopathology. Survival analysis was used to examine the rate, timing, and prediction of dropout. Predictors included a variety of clinical, demographic, and psychometric variables.Compared with program completers, program dropouts were more likely to have the binge eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa (65% versus 26%), had lower restraint scores, and reported more intense maturity fears and concerns about weight.Patients with the binge eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa are significantly less likely to complete inpatient treatment for the disorder.
2001 Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Women With Cervical Cytological Abnormalities
Authors: Thomas C. Wright, Jr
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ObjectiveTo provide evidence-based consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical cytological abnormalities and cervical cancer precursors.ParticipantsA panel of 121 experts in the diagnosis and management of cervical cancer precursors, including representatives from 29 professional organizations, federal agencies, and national and international health organizations, were invited to participate in a consensus conference sponsored by the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP).Evidence and Consensus ProcessGuidelines for the management of women with cervical cytological abnormalities were developed through a multistep process. Starting 6 months before the conference, working groups developed draft management guidelines based on formal literature reviews of English-language articles published in 1988-2001, as well as input from the professional community at large, obtained using interactive Internet-based bulletin boards. On September 6-8, 2001, the ASCCP Consensus Conference was held in Bethesda, Md. Guidelines with supporting evidence were presented and underwent discussion, revision, and voting.ConclusionsManagement of women with atypical squamous cells (ASC) depends on whether the Papanicolaou test is subcategorized as of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or as cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (ASC-H). Women with ASC-US should be managed using a program of 2 repeat cytology tests, immediate colposcopy, or DNA testing for high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Testing for HPV DNA is the preferred approach when liquid-based cytology is used for screening. In most instances, women with ASC-H, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, HSIL, and atypical glandular cells should be referred for immediate colposcopic evaluation.
Fluid intelligence as cognitive decoupling
Authors: Keith E. Stanovich
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

The dissociation of fluid cognitive functions from g is implicit in the Cattell-Horn-Carroll gF-gC theory. Nevertheless, Blair is right that fluid functions are extremely important. I suggest that the key mental operation assessed by measures of gF is the ability to sustain mental simulation while keeping the relevant representations decoupled from the actual world – an ability that underlies all hypothetical thinking.
Autopsies in the United States— Frequency by States
Authors: J. Bradley Arthaud
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Although the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals requires an autopsy rate of 20% on deaths occurring within each hospital for accreditation, I have been unable to locate any figures regarding the percentage of autopsies on all deaths in the United States. The National Center for Health Statistics does not collect this material. Willis<sup>1</sup>stated in 1960 that in English-speaking countries less than 5% of deaths were followed by autopsy. A form letter was sent to the registrar of vital statistics (or similar official) of each state, requesting the number of deaths and autopsies within his state for the calendar years, 1967 and 1968. The information gleaned from the replies is presented in tabular form (Table). Twenty-five states had data for either one or both years. Two more states, Florida and South Carolina, will first have the material available for 1970 and 1969, respectively. Three states,
A Phase I Study of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Sirolimus and MEC Chemotherapy in Relapsed and Refractory Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Alexander E. Perl, Margaret T. Kasner, Donald E. Tsai, Dan T. Vogl, Alison W. Loren, Stephen J. Schuster, David L. Porter, Edward A. Stadtmauer, Steven C. Goldstein, Noelle V. Frey, Sunita D. Nasta, Elizabeth O. Hexner, Jamil K. Dierov, Cezary R. Swider, Adam Bagg, Alan M. Gewirtz, Martin Carroll, Selina M. Luger
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts and leukemic stem cells may enhance their sensitivity to cytotoxic agents. We sought to determine the safety and describe the toxicity of this approach by adding the mTOR inhibitor, sirolimus (rapamycin), to intensive AML induction chemotherapy.We performed a phase I dose escalation study of sirolimus with the chemotherapy regimen MEC (mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine) in patients with relapsed, refractory, or untreated secondary AML.Twenty-nine subjects received sirolimus and MEC across five dose levels. Dose-limiting toxicities were irreversible marrow aplasia and multiorgan failure. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of sirolimus was determined to be a 12 mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 4 mg/d on days 2 to 7, concurrent with MEC chemotherapy. Complete or partial remissions occurred in 6 (22%) of the 27 subjects who completed chemotherapy, including 3 (25%) of the 12 subjects treated at the MTD. At the MTD, measured rapamycin trough levels were within the therapeutic range for solid organ transplantation. However, direct measurement of the mTOR target p70 S6 kinase phosphorylation in marrow blasts from these subjects only showed definite target inhibition in one of five evaluable samples.Sirolimus and MEC is an active and feasible regimen. However, as administered in this study, the synergy between MEC and sirolimus was not confirmed. Future studies are planned with different schedules to clarify the clinical and biochemical effects of sirolimus in AML and to determine whether target inhibition predicts chemotherapy response.