tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
T cell receptor alpha chain genes are located on chromosome 14 at 14q11-14q12 in humans.
Authors: N Caccia, G A Bruns, I R Kirsch, G F Hollis, V Bertness, T W Mak
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

A cDNA clone encoding the alpha chain of the human T cell receptor was used in connection with somatic cell human-rodent hybrids to determine that the genes coding for the alpha chain are located on chromosome 14 in humans. In situ hybridization confirms this result and further localizes these genes to 14q11-14q12 on this chromosome. Since this region of chromosome has been shown to be nonrandomly involved in a number of T cell neoplasias, this assignment raises a number of interesting questions as to the possible involvement of the T cell receptor alpha chain genes in tumorigenesis.
The Natural History of Polyarteritis
Authors: G. A. Rose
Journal: BMJ (1957)

BEITJSH"Silent" and puzzling cases of heart failure have been ascribed to endomyocardial fibrosis (Ball, Williams, and Davies, 1954), a condition almost confined to tropical Africa.This takes the place of coronary disease as the prime cause of cardiac death in adults, and the aetiology is quite un- known.The distribution of coeliac disease and fibrocystic disease provides some unsolved puzzles.Coeliac disease is said not to occur in parts of the world where wheat is not a regular item of diet (Sheldon, 1955).In Uganda, however, bread is eaten occasionally in large parts of the country, but one wonders how the disease would be recognized when fat is virtually absent from the diet.Possibly some cases are being missed.The diagnosis of fibrocystic disease is made difficult because the pancreatic enzymes are absent in acute kwashiorkor and slowly return with improvement.One possible case was seen but could not be followed up.These few scattered examples can only hint at a subject of great importance and interest, the study of which will undoubt.t~dlyprovide valuable clues to the aetiology of disease, both temperate and tropical. SummaryAn attempt has been made to describe some common and urgent tropical paediatric problems as they were encountered during a two-year attachment to the Uganda Medical Service, together with some of the ethno- graphical, economic, and human background.Even for this very limited purpose, two years is but a fleeting acquaintance, and there will undoubtedly be omissions and distortions.Infant mortality is very high and there is a high death rate throughout childhood, the main causes being mal-
THE PLACENTAL TRANSMISSION OF ANTIBODIES IN THE SKIN SENSITIVE TYPE OF HUMAN ALLERGY
Authors: William B. Sherman, Stanley F. Hampton, Robert A. Cooke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

1. Quantitative studies of the skin-sensitizing antibodies, blocking antibodies, and hemagglutinins in sera of allergic human beings have been made. 2. A comparison of 12 maternal and the 12 corresponding cord sera by the method of passive transfer showed the human placenta to be impermeable to skin-sensitizing antibodies. 3. Direct skin tests and passive transfer studies of 6 infants at the ages of 3 to 6 months showed negative reactions to the antigens to which their mothers were sensitive. 4. The blocking antibody present in the sera of hay fever patients after treatment with pollen extract injections was also demonstrated in the cord sera. The apparent placental transmission of this antibody gave further evidence that it was distinct from the skin-sensitizing antibody. Infant sera obtained at the ages of 3 to 6 months showed no evidence of this immune antibody. 5. The cord sera from 4 of these cases were shown to contain the same isoagglutinins as the maternal sera, showing that the placentas were permeable to these antibodies. The mothers and their offspring reacted alike to Schick testing. 6. Typhoid agglutinins were demonstrated in maternal and cord sera of an adult who previously received injections of triple typhoid vaccine, whereas the serum of the corresponding infant at the age of 3 months failed to show agglutinins.
The Hematologic Effect of Androgen in Uremic Patients
Authors: WALTER FRIED
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Effects of testosterone propionate therapy (150 mg twice weekly) were observed in five anephric patients and in six patients with chronic renal failure who had not undergone nephrectomy. All of the patients were on the maintenance hemodialysis program for at least 6 months before the beginning of the study. The six patients with kidney remnants responded to therapy with a significant rise in both packed cell volume and plasma erythropoietin titer. None of the five anephric patients had an increase in either of these variables. Testosterone propionate causes a rise in the packed cell volume of patients with chronic renal failure, primarily by increasing erythropoietin production in the kidney remnants.
Analyzing Data from Ordered Categories
Authors: Lincoln E. Moses, John D. Emerson, Hussein Hosseini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Clinical investigations often involve data in the form of ordered categories--e.g., "worse," "unchanged," "improved," "much improved." Comparison of two groups when the data are of this kind should not be done by the chi-square test, which wastes information and is insensitive in this context. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test provides a proper analysis. Alternatively, scores may be assigned to the categories in order, and the t-test applied. We demonstrate both approaches here. Sometimes data in ordered categories are reduced to a two-by-two table by the collapsing of the high categories into one category and the low categories into another. This practice is inefficient; moreover, it entails avoidable subjectivity in the choice of the cutting point that defines the two super-categories. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney procedure (or the t-test with use of ordered scores) is preferable. A survey of research articles in Volume 306 of the New England Journal of Medicine shows many instances of ordered-category data (about 20 per cent of the articles had such data) and no instance of analysis by the preferred methods presented here. We suggest that investigators who are unfamiliar with these methods should seek the assistance of a professional statistician when they must deal with such data.
Anticonvulsant drugs for management of pain: a systematic review
Authors: H. McQuay, D. Carroll, A. R Jadad, P. Wiffen, A. Moore
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To determine effectiveness and adverse effects of anticonvulsant drugs in management of pain.Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of anticonvulsants for acute, chronic, or cancer pain identified by using Medline, by hand searching, by searching reference lists, and by contacting investigators.Between 1966 and February 1994, 37 reports were found; 20 reports, of four anticonvulsants, were eligible.Numbers needed to treat were calculated for effectiveness, adverse effects, and drug related withdrawal from study.The only placebo controlled study in acute pain found no analgesic effect of sodium valproate. For treating trigeminal neuralgia, carbamazepine had a combined number needed to treat of 2.6 for effectiveness, 3.4 for adverse effects, and 24 for severe effects (withdrawal from study). For treating diabetic neuropathy, anticonvulsants had a combined number needed to treat of 2.5 for effectiveness, 3.1 for adverse effects, and 20 for severe effects. For migraine prophylaxis, anticonvulsants had a combined number needed to treat of 1.6 for effectiveness, 2.4 for adverse effects, and 39 for severe effects. Phenytoin had no effect on the irritable bowel syndrome, and carbamazepine had little effect on pain after stroke. Clonazepam was effective in one study for temporomandibular joint dysfunction. No study compared one anticonvulsant with another.Anticonvulsants were effective for trigeminal neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy and for migraine prophylaxis. Minor adverse effects occurred as often as benefit.
The effect of 1 ppm nitrogen dioxide on bronchoalveolar lavage cells and inflammatory mediators in normal and asthmatic subjects
Authors: R Jorres, D Nowak, F Grimminger, W Seeger, M Oldigs, H Magnussen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Several studies have suggested that patients with bronchial asthma are more susceptible to the potential effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) than healthy subjects, with respect to airway responsiveness and lung function. We investigated whether these differences are paralleled by differences in the cellular and biochemical response within the airway lumen. Twelve subjects with mild extrinsic asthma and eight normal subjects breathed either filtered air or 1 ppm NO2 in a single-blind manner during intermittent exercise for 3 h. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed one hour after each exposure, and on a third day without exposure (baseline day). Prostanoids, leukotrienes and histamine were analysed in BAL fluid, and the cellular composition of BAL fluid was assessed. In the asthmatic subjects, NO2 induced a small mean drop in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Differential cell counts in BAL fluid did not reveal significant effects of NO2. Levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) were decreased, and levels of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in BAL fluid were increased after NO2 compared to filtered air exposure; whereas, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), histamine and leukotriene levels did not change significantly. The normal subjects showed no change in lung function parameters and a small increase in TxB2 after breathing NO2. We conclude that in subjects with mild asthma NO2 is capable of inducing an activation of cells, which is compatible with enhancement of airway inflammation, even if lung function parameters and cellular composition of BAL fluid are not markedly affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Late Outcomes After Carotid Artery Stenting Versus Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Sripal Bangalore, Deepak L. Bhatt, Joachim Röther, Mark J. Alberts, Julie Thornton, Kathy Wolski, Shinya Goto, Alan T. Hirsch, Sidney C. Smith, Franz T. Aichner, Raffi Topakian, Christopher P. Cannon, P. Gabriel Steg
Journal: Circulation (2010)

In patients with carotid artery disease, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid stenting (CAS) are treatment options. Controversy exists as to the relative efficacy of the 2 techniques in preventing late events.The Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry recruited > 68,000 outpatients ≥ 45 years of age with established atherothrombotic disease or ≥ 3 risk factors for atherothrombosis. Patients with CAS or CEA were chosen and followed up prospectively for the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Propensity score matching was performed to assemble a cohort of patients in whom all baseline covariates would be well balanced. Primary outcome was defined as death or stroke at the 2-year follow-up. Secondary outcome was stroke or transient ischemic attack. Tertiary outcome was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke and the individual outcomes. Of the 68 236 patients with atherothrombosis, 3412 patients (5%) had a history of carotid artery revascularization (70% asymptomatic carotid stenosis), 1025 (30%) with CAS and 2387 (70%) with CEA. Propensity score analyses matched 836 CAS patients with 836 CEA patients. At the end of 2 years of follow-up, in the propensity score-matched cohort, CAS was associated with a risk similar to CEA for the primary (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 1.26), secondary (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.96), and tertiary (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.51 to 1.01) composite outcome, death (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.00), and stroke (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 0.79 to 2.80).In a real-world cohort of patients with a history of carotid artery revascularization, CAS was comparable to CEA for late outcomes.
Treatment of atopic dermatitis with herbal combination of Eleutherococcus, Achillea millefolium, and Lamium album has no advantage over placebo: A double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial
Authors: Michael Y. Shapira, Yisrael Raphaelovich, Leon Gilad, Reuven Or, Avraham J. Dumb, Arieh Ingber
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
Screening for cystic fibrosis: GPs are disturbed by it
Authors: A. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1993)

know which recessive genes they carry"?Current evidence from a general practice population of reproductive age shows that "there is not a great deal of demand or interest in cystic fibrosis carrier testing" and that "such testing is not really wanted."2An editorial on the same subject in the Lancet concluded that "we need to think very carefully about whether nationwide programmes are what we really want and what the aims and ethical base of such an approach may be."3Before further research is carried out a national commission with representative membership needs to consider all the implications of screening the general population for cystic fibrosis and whether the potential benefits to society truly outweigh all the costs.
Fundamentals of Geriatric Medicine: A Case-Based Approach
Authors: Aman Nanda
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Narrative Review: Celiac Disease: Understanding a Complex Autoimmune Disorder
Authors: Armin Alaedini, Peter H.R. Green
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Celiac disease is a common autoimmune disorder that has genetic, environmental, and immunologic components. It is characterized by an immune response to ingested wheat gluten and related proteins of rye and barley that leads to inflammation, villous atrophy, and crypt hyperplasia in the intestine. The disease is closely associated with genes that code for human leukocyte antigens DQ2 and DQ8. Transglutaminase 2 appears to be an important component of the disease, both as a deamidating enzyme that can enhance the immunostimulatory effect of gluten and as a target autoantigen in the immune response. Sensitive and specific serologic tests, including those for anti–transglutaminase antibody, are facilitating fast and noninvasive screening for celiac disease. Thus, they are contributing to a more accurate estimate of the prevalence of the disease and its association with other disorders. Celiac disease is associated with increased rates of anemia, osteoporosis, cancer, neurologic deficits, and additional autoimmune disorders. A gluten-free diet is the mainstay of safe and effective treatment of celiac disease, although its effect on some of the extraintestinal manifestations of the disease remains to be determined.
Abstract 4428: A novel imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine Aurora kinase inhibitor with anti-leukemic activity
Authors: Andrew Moore, Vassilios Bavetsias, Chongbo Sun, Amir Faisal, Paul Workman, Julian Blagg, Andrew Pearson, Spiros Linardopoulos
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The Aurora kinases are a family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that play key roles in several stages of mitosis. Over-expression of these kinases has been demonstrated in a range of malignancies including leukemia. Aurora kinase inhibitors are emerging as promising agents in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The activity of this class of drugs in AML and CML may be in part due to their ability to also inhibit the tyrosine kinases FLT3 and Abl1 respectively. Here we report the activity of a novel imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivative developed at our institution with potent inhibition of Aurora A and B kinases (IC50 values of 6 nM and 45 nM respectively). Furthermore, the IC50 for FLT3 kinase is &amp;lt; 0.5 nM, whilst the IC50 for Abl1 kinase is 82 nM. Consistent with the potent kinase inhibition profile, the AML cell lines MV-4-11 and MOLM-13 are particularly sensitive with GI50 values less than 50 nM. Cellular assays demonstrate that this imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine derivative inhibits phosphorylation of histone H3, a direct target of Aurora B kinase, as well as phosphorylation of FLT3 and the downstream p44/42 MAP kinases in these cell lines. Both MV-4-11 and MOLM-13 carry internal tandem duplications of the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase (FLT3-ITD), which is clinically associated with a poor prognosis in AML. The potent preclinical activity in FLT3-ITD positive cell lines supports the growing body of evidence that dual pan-Aurora and FLT3 kinase inhibitors may be of benefit in the high-risk group of patients with FLT3-ITD positive AML. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4428.
CATAPHORESIS VS. THE DIRECT APPLICATION OF THE GALVANIC CURRENT FOR OBTUNDING SENSITIVE DENTINE AND HOW TO EXCLUDE BOTH.
Authors: W. G. A. BONWILL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

When I speak of cataphoresis and the galvanic currents without medicaments, in 1856 to 1859, you will see that with all that has been done by the few workers in our profession, a quarter of a century had passed and no one thought there was anything in electricity until some one in medicine attempted to keep up with electricity in other branches and carry medicaments through the tissues as copper is supposed to be carried from one pole of a battery to the other as in electroplating; and now some dentist takes that up and tells us that cocain can be carried through the dense tissue of dentinal tubuli, and every one is ready to take it up as an insignia that makes it no better than an advertisement that he can perform all operations on the teeth painlessly. I remember, when I sent out a circular, on going into
A CASE OF TYPHOID FEVER TREATED WITH SALOL
Authors: R. H. DAY
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Off-Label Use of Recombinant Factor VIIa in U.S. Hospitals: Analysis of Hospital Records
Authors: Aaron C. Logan, Veronica Yank, Randall S. Stafford
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is approved for treatment of bleeding in patients who have hemophilia with inhibitors but has been applied to a wide range of off-label indications. Objective: To estimate patterns of off-label rFVIIa use in U.S. hospitals. Design: Retrospective database analysis. Setting: Data were extracted from the Premier Perspectives database (Premier, Charlotte, North Carolina), which contains discharge records from a sample of academic and nonacademic U.S. hospitals. Patients: 12 644 hospitalizations for patients who received rFVIIa during a hospital stay. Measurements: Hospital diagnoses and patient dispositions from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2008. Statistical weights for each hospital were used to provide national estimates of rFVIIa use. Results: From 2000 to 2008, off-label use of rFVIIa in hospitals increased more than 140-fold, such that in 2008, 97% (95% CI, 96% to 98%) of 18 311 in-hospital uses were off-label. In contrast, in-hospital use for hemophilia increased less than 4-fold and accounted for 2.7% (CI, 1.9% to 3.5%) of use in 2008. Adult and pediatric cardiovascular surgery (29% [CI, 21% to 33%]), body and brain trauma (29% [CI, 19% to 38%]), and intracranial hemorrhage (11% [CI, 7.7% to 14%]) were the most common indications for rFVIIa use. Across all indications, in-hospital mortality was 27% (CI, 19% to 34%) and 43% (CI, 26% to 59%) of patients were discharged to home. Limitation: Accuracy and completeness of the discharge diagnoses and patient medication records in the database sample cannot be verified. Conclusion: Off-label use of rFVIIa in the hospital setting far exceeds use for approved indications. These patterns raise concern about the application of rFVIIa to conditions for which strong supporting evidence is lacking. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Effect of nitroglycerin on exercise-induced abnormalities of left ventricular regional function and ejection fraction in coronary artery disease. Assessment by radionuclide clineagiography in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
Authors: J S Borer, S L Bacharach, M V Green, K M Kent, G S Johnston, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The effects of nitroglycerin (TNG) on exercise-induced abnormalities of left ventricular wall motion and ejection fraction are unknown in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In the present investigation radionuclide cineangiographic studies were performed in 47 patients with CAD (14 without angina during exercise) and in 25 normal subjects. All CAD patients, including those without symptoms, demonstrated regional wall motion abnormalities during exercise. In all patients, ejection fraction (EF) also responded abnormally to exercise: EF decreased from 48% at rest to 36% during exercise (P less than 0.001). EF increased in all normal subjects from an average of 58% at rest to 71% during exercise (P less than 0.001). In all CAD patients TNG reduced exercise-induced regional wall abnormalities and increased EF attained during exercise from an average of 36 to 48% (P less than 0.001). EF in normal subjects was unchanged by TNG. Thus, exercise can cause abnormalities in left ventricular regional function and ejection fraction in patients with or without symptoms; these abnormalities can be mitigated by prophylactic TNG.