tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired Regulation of Renal K+ Elimination in the sgk1-Knockout Mouse
Authors: Dan Yang Huang, Peer Wulff, Harald Völkl, Johannes Loffing, Kerstin Richter, Dietmar Kuhl, Florian Lang, Volker Vallon
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2004)

<h3>Objective</h3> To assess the association of ß-blocker use with cardiovascular mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed the data of 4184 outpatients included in a prospective cohort study on stable CAD. Two groups were formed based on ß-blocker use at enrolment. Two propensity score analyses were performed to control for differences in covariates: one with adjustment among the entire cohort, and the other with propensity score matching. The outcome variable was cardiovascular mortality after a 2-year follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> There were 3320 patients with ß-blocker use. Younger age, hypertension, diabetes, prior myocardial infarction, multivessel CAD, prior coronary revascularisation, prior stroke, prior hospitalisation for heart failure and a low LVEF were associated with ß-blocker use. Clinical follow-up data were obtained for 4149 patients (99.2%). When adjusted on propensity score, ß-blocker use was associated with a HR for cardiovascular mortality of 0.64 (0.42–0.98) in the whole cohort (p=0.04). After one-to-one propensity score matching, both groups (n=839 in each group) were well matched on covariates. The cardiovascular mortality rate in the propensity-matched cohort was significantly lower in patients with ß-blocker use with a HR of 0.43 (0.22–0.82) (p=0.011). Non-cardiovascular mortality was similar in both groups. These results were consistent across different subgroups. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this observational study of patients with stable CAD, the use of ß-blockers was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality.
Towards a More Nuanced Understanding of the Relationship between Sex-Biased Gene Expression and Rates of Protein-Coding Sequence Evolution
Authors: R. P. Meisel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Genes that are differentially expressed between the sexes (sex-biased genes) are among the fastest evolving genes in animal genomes. The majority of sex-biased expression is attributable to genes that are primarily expressed in sex-limited reproductive tissues, and these reproductive genes are often rapidly evolving because of intra- and intersexual selection pressures. Additionally, studies of multiple taxa have revealed that genes with sex-biased expression are also expressed in a limited number of tissues. This is worth noting because narrowly expressed genes are known to evolve faster than broadly expressed genes. Therefore, it is not clear whether sex-biased genes are rapidly evolving because they have sexually dimorphic expression, because they are expressed in sex-limited reproductive tissues, or because they are narrowly expressed. To determine the extend to which other confounding variables can explain the rapid evolution of sex-biased genes, I analyzed the rates of evolution of sex-biased genes in Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus in light of tissue-specific measures of expression. I find that genes with sex-biased expression in somatic tissues shared by both sexes are often evolving faster than non–sex-biased genes, but this is best explained by the narrow expression profiles of sex-biased genes. Sex-biased genes in sex-limited tissues in D. melanogaster, however, evolve faster than other narrowly expressed genes. Therefore, the rapid evolution of sex-biased genes is limited only to those genes primarily expressed in sex-limited reproductive tissues.
Gender-Based Violence in Women and Mental Disorders
Authors: K. A. W. L. van Rosmalen-Nooijens, S. H. Lo Fo Wong, A. L. M. Lagro-Janssen
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Life-threatening lower gastrointestinal bleeding in a teenager
Authors: C.-C. Chang, M.-Y. Wang, M.-T. Lin, H.-P. Wang, K.-L. Liu
Journal: Gut (2010)

A 16-year-old boy presented to our emergency department with hypovolaemic shock due to gastrointestinal bleeding accompanied by massive stool containing fresh blood. Although the patient had no underlying systemic diseases, he had a 3 day history of tarry stool. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy and red blood cell nuclear scans were performed at another hospital but no definite focal lesions were identified. He was transferred to our hospital due to the occurrence of acute and massive bloody stool with syncope. Physical examination revealed a soft abdomen without focal tenderness. His blood pressure was 62/43 mm Hg, …
Symptomatic improvement of premenstrual dysphoric disorder with sertraline treatment. A randomized controlled trial. Sertraline Premenstrual Dysphoric Collaborative Study Group
Authors: K. A. Yonkers
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is an important cause of symptoms and functional impairment in menstruating women. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the efficacy of sertraline hydrochloride for treatment of premenstrual dysphoria by measuring changes in symptom expression and functional impairment. <h3>Design.</h3> —Two screening cycles followed by 1 single-blind placebo cycle and 3 cycles of randomized, double-blind, placebo treatment. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Twelve university-affiliated outpatient psychiatry and gynecology clinics. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Of the 447 women who requested participation, 243 met criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder and were randomized; 200 women completed the study. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —A flexible (50-150 mg) daily dose of sertraline hydrochloride. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The Daily Record of Severity of Problems, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Clinical Global Impression Scale, and Social Adjustment Scale. <h3>Results.</h3> —Mean (±SD) total daily symptom scores decreased significantly (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) in the sertraline-treated (64±22 to 44±19) compared with the placebotreated (62±22 to 54±24) groups. Significant improvement (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) was found for all clinically derived symptom clusters (depressive, physical, and anger/irritability symptoms). Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores decreased by 44% and 29% in the sertraline and placebo groups, respectively (<i>P</i>&lt;.002). End-point global ratings showed much or very much improvement in 62% of the active treatment group and 34% of the placebo treatment group (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Reported functional impairment was substantial at baseline. Improvement in psychosocial functioning with treatment was similar to what is found in studies of major depression. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Sertraline was significantly better than placebo for treatment of premenstrual dysphoria as reflected by symptomatic improvement and change in reported functional impairment. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as sertraline are useful therapeutic options for women with premenstrual dysphoria.
Book: Writings on an Ethical Life
Authors: D J. Doyle
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Peter Singer Fourth Estate, £15, pp 381 ISBN 1 84115 550 0 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> The New Yorker has called Singer “the most influential living philosopher,” while his critics sometimes call him the most dangerous man in the world. Singer, professor of bioethics at Princeton University's Center for Human Values, has challenged our most closely held beliefs on infanticide, euthanasia, and the moral status of animals. This volume presents a comprehensive collection of his best and most provocative writings on animal rights, environmental accountability, abortion, euthanasia, and the ethics of our responsibility for the world's poor. Two fundamental ethical precepts are at the heart of … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
A Twin Study of Post–Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Asthma
Authors: Renee D. Goodwin, Mary E. Fischer, Jack Goldberg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Studies have suggested heightened anxiety among adults with asthma; the mechanism of this association is not known.Objectives: To determine the association between post–traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and asthma among adults, and to examine if this association is due to confounding by environmental and genetic factors.Methods: Data were obtained from twins in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry, which includes male veteran twin pairs born between 1939 and 1956 who served during the Vietnam era (1965–1975). Measurements included a symptom scale for PTSD, history of a doctor diagnosis of asthma, and sociodemographic and health confounding factors. Co-twin control analytic methods used mixed-effects logistic regression to account for the paired structure of the twin data and to examine the association between PTSD symptoms and asthma in all twins. Separate analyses were conducted within twin pairs and according to zygosity.Measurements and Main Results: PTSD symptoms were associated with a significantly increased likelihood of asthma (Ptrend < 0.001) even after adjustment for confounding factors. Among all twins, those in the highest quartile of PTSD symptoms were 2.3 times as likely (95% confidence interval, 1.4–3.7) to have asthma compared with those in the lowest quartile. These findings persist when examined within twin pairs and when stratified by zygosity.Conclusions: Symptoms of PTSD were associated with an elevated prevalence of asthma. Even after careful adjustment for familial/genetic factors and other potential confounding factors, an association between PTSD symptoms and asthma remains. Efforts to understand this comorbidity may be useful in identifying modifiable environmental risk factors contributing to this pattern and therefore in developing more effective prevention and intervention strategies.
Prostate apoptosis response protein 4 sensitizes human colon cancer cells to chemotherapeutic 5-FU through mediation of an NFκB and microRNA network
Authors: Bi-Dar Wang, Christina Leah B. Kline, Danielle M. Pastor, Thomas L. Olson, Bryan Frank, Truong Luu, Arun K. Sharma, Gavin Robertson, Matthew T. Weirauch, Steven R. Patierno, Joshua M. Stuart, Rosalyn B. Irby, Norman H. Lee
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background Diminished expression or activity of prostate apoptosis response protein 4 (Par-4) has been demonstrated in a number of cancers, although reports on Par-4 expression during colon cancer progression are lacking. An understanding of the molecular events in conjunction with the genetic networks affected by Par-4 is warranted. Results Colon cancer specimens derived from patients have significantly diminished expression of Par-4 mRNA relative to paired normal colon. Hence, the functional consequences of reintroducing Par-4 into HT29 colon cancer cells were assessed. Overexpression augmented the interaction of Par-4 with NFκB in the cytosol but not nucleus, and facilitated apoptosis in the presence of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Analogous findings were obtained when AKT1 pro-survival signaling was inhibited. Transcriptome profiling identified ~700 genes differentially regulated by Par-4 overexpression in HT29 cells. Nearly all Par-4-regulated genes were shown by promoter analysis to contain cis -binding sequences for NFκB, and meta-analysis of patient expression data revealed that one-third of these genes exist as a recurrent co-regulated network in colon cancer specimens. Sets of genes involved in programmed cell death, cell cycle regulation and interestingly the microRNA pathway were found overrepresented in the network. Noteworthy, Par-4 overexpression decreased NFκB occupancy at the promoter of one particular network gene DROSHA , encoding a microRNA processing enzyme. The resulting down-regulation of DROSHA was associated with expression changes in a cohort of microRNAs. Many of these microRNAs are predicted to target mRNAs encoding proteins with apoptosis-related functions. Western and functional analyses were employed to validate several predictions. For instance, miR-34a up-regulation corresponded with a down-regulation of BCL2 protein. Treating Par-4-overexpressing HT29 cells with a miR-34a antagomir functionally reversed both BCL2 down-regulation and apoptosis by 5-FU. Conversely, bypassing Par-4 overexpression by direct knockdown of DROSHA expression in native HT29 cells increased miR-34a expression and 5-FU sensitivity. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the initiation of apoptotic sensitivity in colon cancer cells can be mediated by Par-4 binding to NFκB in the cytoplasm with consequential changes in the expression of microRNA pathway components.
Nonlinear Trajectory of GFR in Children before RRT
Authors: Yichen Zhong, Alvaro Muñoz, George J. Schwartz, Bradley A. Warady, Susan L. Furth, Alison G. Abraham
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

GFR decline in patients with CKD has been widely approximated using linear models, but this linearity assumption is not well validated. We conducted a matched case-control study in children from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort ages 1-16 years with mild to moderate CKD to assess whether GFR decline follows a nonlinear trajectory as CKD approaches ESRD. Children (n=125) who initiated RRT (cases) during follow-up were individually matched by CKD stage at baseline and glomerular/nonglomerular diagnosis with children (n=125) who remained RRT-free when the corresponding case initiated RRT (controls). GFR trajectories were compared using log-linear and piecewise log-linear mixed effects models adjusted for baseline characteristics. From study entry to 18 months before RRT, GFR declined 7% faster among cases compared with controls. However, GFR declined 26% faster among cases compared with controls (P<0.001) during the 18 months before RRT. Nonlinearity in the rate of kidney function loss, which was shown in this cohort, may preclude accurate clinical prediction of the timing of RRT and adequate patient preparation. This study should prompt the characterization of predictive factors that may contribute to an acceleration of kidney function decline.
Acitretin treatment in (pre)malignant skin disorders of renal transplant recipients: histologic and immunohistochemical effects
Authors: Jürgen V Smit, Ruud G.L de Sévaux, Willeke A.M Blokx, Peter C.M van de Kerkhof, Andries J Hoitsma, Elke M.G.J de Jong
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2004)
Air pollution and daily mortality in a city with low levels of pollution.
Authors: Sverre Vedal, Michael Brauer, Richard White, John Petkau
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The concentration-response relationship between daily ambient inhalable particle (particulate matter less than or equal to 10 micro m; PM(10)) concentrations and daily mortality typically shows no evidence of a threshold concentration below which no relationship is observed. However, the power to assess a relationship at very low concentrations of PM(10) has been limited in studies to date. The concentrations of PM(10) and other air pollutants in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from January 1994 through December 1996 were very low: the 50th and 90th percentiles of daily average PM(10) concentrations were 13 and 23 micro g/m(3), respectively, and 27 and 39 ppb, respectively, for 1-hr maximum ozone. Analyses of 3 years of daily pollution (PM(10), ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide) concentrations and mortality counts showed that the dominant associations were between ozone and total mortality and respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in the summer, and between nitrogen dioxide and total mortality in the winter, although some association with PM(10) may also have been present. We conclude that increases in low concentrations of air pollution are associated with increased daily mortality. These findings may support the notion that no threshold pollutant concentrations are present, but they also raise concern that these effects may not be effects of the measured pollutants themselves, but rather of some other factor(s) present in the air pollution-meteorology mix.
Prediction of Coronary and Cerebrovascular Morbidity and Mortality by Direct Continuous Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Rajdeep S. Khattar, John D. Swales, Ann Banfield, Caroline Dore, Roxy Senior, Avijit Lahiri
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The goal of this study was to assess the prognostic value of ambulatory versus clinic blood pressure measurement and to relate cardiovascular risk to ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. Methods and Results —The study population consisted of 688 patients 51±11 years of age who had undergone pretreatment 24-hour intra-arterial ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on the basis of elevated clinic blood pressure. A total of 157 first events were recorded during a 9.2±4.1-year follow-up period. The predictive value of a regression model containing age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking, diabetes mellitus, fasting cholesterol level, and previous history of cardiovascular disease was significantly improved by the addition of any ambulatory systolic or diastolic blood pressure parameter (whether 24-hour, daytime, or nighttime mean) or pulse pressure, whereas inclusion of baseline clinic blood pressure variables did not enhance the prediction of events. The most predictive models contained the ambulatory systolic blood pressure parameters. In the model containing 24-hour mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure ( P =0.001), age ( P &lt;0.001), male sex ( P &lt;0.001), South Asian origin ( P =0.008), diabetes mellitus ( P =0.05), and previous cardiovascular disease ( P &lt;0.001) were additional independent predictors of events. Whereas 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure was linearly related to the incidence of both coronary and cerebrovascular events, 24-hour ambulatory diastolic blood pressure exhibited a positive linear relationship with cerebrovascular events but a curvilinear relationship with coronary events. Conclusions —Ambulatory blood pressure is superior to clinic measurement for the assessment of cardiovascular risk; there is no reduction in coronary risk at lower levels of ambulatory diastolic blood pressure.
Abnormal calcium handling by platelets in thrombotic disorders.
Authors: W Jy, Y S Ahn, N Shanbaky, L F Fernandez, W J Harrington, D H Haynes
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

This study presents a quantitative comparison of the free cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) and the free concentration in the lumen of the dense tubules of the human platelet. The former was measured by the fluorescence of the high affinity indicator quin2 and latter by the fluorescence of chlorotetracycline (CTC). The CTC technique monitors calcium-CTC complex accumulation in the lumen of dense tubules and mitochondria when washed platelets were incubated in 2 mM Ca2+. Resting cytoplasmic and dense tubular Ca2+ concentrations were studied in platelets from patients suffering from venous and arterial thrombosis. Compared with normal controls (0.40 +/- 0.10, n = 54), the values of the calcium-CTC ratios were 0.68 +/- 0.19 (n = 16, p less than 0.005) in venous thrombosis; 0.75 +/- 0.18 (n = 14, p less than 0.005) in cardiovascular accident; 0.84 +/- 0.18 (n = 6, p less than 0.005) in occlusive peripheral vascular diseases; and 0.42 +/- 0.10 (n = 21, p greater than 0.1) in patient controls. The dense tubular Ca2+ levels for both patients and controls were perfectly correlated with the cytoplasmic levels using an equation that assumes that the dense tubular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]dt) has a second power dependence on [Ca2+]cyt. The abnormal Ca2+ handling of platelets obtained from thrombotic patients could be completely reversed by preincubation with the calcium channel blocker verapamil. These observations suggest that the primary Ca2+ handling defect is the leakage through activated channels in the plasma membrane. The defect and the elevated resting [Ca2+]cyt and [Ca2+]dt are adequate to explain the observation of increased rates of collagen-activated aggregation in the above-mentioned group of patients. The results can be explained by platelets from thrombosis patients being exposed to activating factors in the circulation, resulting in Ca2+ channel activation. Channel activation persists through the process of platelet isolation and washing and is manifested in higher measured values of [Ca2+]cyt and [Ca2+]dt in the "resting state." This would bring the platelet closer to its aggregation when aggregation-inducing agents are added. The CTC test is shown to be a useful and convenient means of detecting this abnormality.
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Authors: Hubertus Köller, Bernd C. Kieseier, Sebastian Jander, Hans-Peter Hartung
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

It is important to recognize chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, which has features in common with the acute variant of inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (Guillain–Barré syndrome), since corticosteroids, intravenous immune globulin, plasma exchange, and immunosuppressive agents may ameliorate its course. This review summarizes present knowledge about clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and diagnostic procedures involved in assessing this condition, as well as its current management.
Uncovering the dark side of TNF
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

In the early 1980s, in search of the cytokine that triggers disease- associated weight loss and lethal shock, Anthony Cerami and Bruce Beutler purified “cachectin.” They soon found out that their malevolent cytokine already had another name—tumor necrosis factor (TNF)—and was being lauded as a potential antitumor agent.