tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of pravastatin on vascular endothelium in patients with systemic sclerosis: a pilot study
Authors: S Furukawa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Two weeks after stopping this immunosuppression we applied the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab.Two rituximab infusions (375 mg/m 2 IV) plus a single additive dose of 100 mg prednisolone IV at 4-week intervals induced remission of polyarthritis and other symptoms in both cases.The concomitant oral steroid dose could be tapered from 50 mg to 5 mg oral prednisolone/day.FACS analysis of lymphocytes showed depletion of circulating B cells.The patients have remained in remission receiving either MTX or ciclosporin after a follow up period of 6 months.AOSD is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown origin.The treatment of AOSD is often difficult.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs have been shown to be effective in the treatment of AOSD.Recently, two case studies reported the successful induction of remission with the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist anakinra in refractory AOSD. 1 2 In addition to the patient reported by Aarntzen et al, 1 two of the six patients reported on by Fitzgerald et al 2 had been resistant to etanercept treatment.Anakinra rapidly induced remission in these three patients, 1 2 whereas rituximab was effective in both of our TNFa inhibitor (etanercept and infliximab) resistant patients.Concomitant oral prednisolone dosages could be tapered to 5 mg/day and remission maintained with MTX and ciclosporin, respectively during follow up.The report of Aarntzen et al 1 suggests that interleukin 1 rather than TNFa is important in the pathogenesis of AOSD.However, the range of disease manifestations and courses suggests considerable heterogeneity of the disease entity and its pathogenetic background. 3 4Lymphadenopathy is seen in 65% of patients.Lymph node lesions display distinct patterns.Paracortical hyperplasia may be combined with vascular proliferation, histiocytosis, diffuse T cell infiltration, plasma cells, and B immunoblasts. 5Lymph node lesions may be reminiscent of malignant T cell lymphoma. 6 However, transition to malignant B cell lymphoma has also been reported. 7 Therefore, B cells might represent another target of successful treatment in AOSD.Our report suggests that B cell depletion with the monoclonal, chimeric, humanised mouse antibody rituximab may be another possible treatment for refractory AOSD.Our patients did not have any severe adverse events, especially no infections.Edwards et al 8 reported a low rate of infections in their trial on rituximab treatment in MTX resistant rheumatoid arthritis.Anakinra treatment has also been reported to be complicated by a low rate of infections (but with apparently less efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis than with TNFa inhibitors).However, some reports of serious infectious complications, such as septicaemia with anakinra treatment, have appeared. 9To our knowledge this is the first report of the successful induction of remission with rituximab in AOSD.Further studies are needed to determine the place of B cell depletion in AOSD.
Lactic Dehydrogenase Activity of Effusion Fluids as an Aid to Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Russell J. Erickson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE DETECTION of malignancy in patients with effusions of unknown etiology often presents a difficult challenge. Wroblewski and Wroblewski,<sup>1</sup>attempting to facilitate such diagnosis, found that the presence or absence of malignancy was indicated by the relative activities of the enzyme lactic dehydrogenase in the patient's serum and effusion fluid. Where effusion was of malignant origin, the lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of the effusion fluid was higher than that of the simultaneously drawn serum. The reverse was true for effusions of non-malignant etiology. These results were confirmed by three later reports of F. Wroblewski<sup>2-4</sup>and by Torregrosa.<sup>5</sup> Although LDH activity was generally higher in effusion fluids accompanied by malignancy, Wroblewski and Wroblewski<sup>1</sup>did not note a direct relationship between malignancy and the effusion fluid LDH activity per se. Their hypothesis, that effusions gained LDH from adjacent malignant cells, suggested that such a relationship might exist. A
540 Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in patients with end-stage liver disease: a new model superior to Cockroft-Gault
Authors: K BAMBHA, W KIM, J BENSON, P KAMATH, E DICKSON, G KLINTMALM
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

This research aims to develop targeted nanoparticles as drug carriers to the injured arterial wall under fluid shear stress by mimicking the natural binding ability of platelets via interactions of glycoprotein Ib-alpha (GPIbα) of platelets with P-selectin of damaged endothelial cells (ECs) and/or with von Willebrand factor (vWF) of the subendothelium. Drug-loaded poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were formulated using a standard emulsion method and conjugated with glycocalicin, the external fraction of platelet GPIbα, via carbodiimide chemistry. Surface-coated and cellular uptake studies in ECs showed that conjugation of PLGA nanoparticles, with GPIb, significantly increased nanoparticle adhesion to P-selectin- and vWF-coated surfaces as well as nanoparticle uptake by activated ECs under fluid shear stresses. In addition, effects of nanoparticle size and shear stress on adhesion efficiency were characterized through parallel flow chamber studies. The observed decrease in bound nanoparticle density with increased particle sizes and shear stresses is also explained through a computational model. Our results demonstrate that the GPIb-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles can be used as a targeted and controlled drug delivery system under flow conditions at the site of vascular injury.
Explanations for weight loss after ileojejunal bypass in gross obesity.
Authors: T R Pilkington, J C Gazet, L Ang, R S Kalucy, A H Crisp, S Day
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Twenty grossly obese patients underwent ileojejunal bypass operations. Measurements of calories lost in faeces showed that the malabsorption could not account for the weight loss. Furthermore, the malabsorption was not decreased two years after bypass, when weight was no longer being lost. Dietary restriction is therefore largely responsible for the weight loss and increased food intake for weight maintenance.
Modulation of serum eosinophil cationic protein levels by cycosporin in severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: M. Caproni, A. D'Agata, G. Cappelli, P. Fabbri
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Modulation of serum eosinophil cationic protein levels by cycosporin in severe atopic dermatitis Get access M. Caproni, M. Caproni Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. D'Agata, A. D'Agata Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Cappelli, G. Cappelli Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Fabbri P. Fabbri Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 2, 1 August 1996, Page 336, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb01184.x Published: 01 August 1996
THE EXCRETION OF NONPROTEIN NITROGEN SUBSTANCES BY THE INTESTINE
Authors: J. LISLE WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The excretion of water by the intestine has long been recognized as a useful therapeutic procedure, but little emphasis has been placed on the substances excreted with the liquid. The action of the saline cathartics is generally regarded as being due to the large amount of liquid that is abstracted from the blood through the intestinal mucosa by the hypertonic solution. Likewise, the more powerful purgatives are believed to cause excretion of a large amount of liquid which resembles the content of the small intestine and, as Cushny1states, these substances have been hurried through the bowel too rapidly to permit of their being taken up by the epithelium.  The quantity of liquid that is normally poured into the small intestine every day by the various glands and organs of digestion and usually reabsorbed amounts to several liters, according to Meyer and Gottlieb,2and the composition of the
Elevated serum levels of soluble interleukin‐2 receptor, neopterin and β‐2‐microglobulin in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: relation to disease severity and autoimmune pathogenesis
Authors: Alida L.P. Caforio, Jonathan H. Goldman, Mirza K. Baig, Niall J. Mahon, Aldwyn J. Haven, Bernard E. Souberbielle, David W. Holt, Angus G. Dalgleish, William J. McKenna
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2001)
The Role of Complement and Its Receptor in the Elimination of Immune Complexes
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, Jurg A. Schifferli, Yin C. Ng, D. Keith Peters
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Information that has accumulated in the past several years has necessitated a radical reexamination of the role of complement in immune-complex disease. The starting point was the recognition in the mid-1970s of an association between a genetic deficiency of complement components and susceptibility to immune-complex disease. More recent work has established that complement itself, by binding to the antigen–antibody complex, can greatly modify the structure and biologic activity of the complex. In addition, the structure and properties of the receptor for the activated third component of complement have been characterized. These new data have led to a reappraisal of the . . .
Tamiflu purchase worth 49m will go ahead, government says
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The government will push ahead with its plan to spend £49m (€60m; $80m) replacing stocks of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) that are due to expire, so as to maintain its stockpile of antivirals in case of a flu pandemic. It has made the decision even though the first complete systematic review of neuraminidase inhibitors by the Cochrane Collaboration last week questioned the drug’s effectiveness and warned that stockpiling it was a waste of money.1

Announcing its decision in Treasury minutes on Thursday 10 April, the government said that the exchange of stock had already started, to ensure the country was “ready for a more serious flu pandemic” with stocks of oseltamivir that have a seven year shelf life and were bought at “prices agreed in the current contract.”2

However, the government has agreed to “take account of the latest scientific evidence,” including the Cochrane Collaboration review, before making future decisions on …
Relapse-Precipitating Life Events and Feelings in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: J.v. von Wietersheim, T. Köhler, H. Feiereis
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

This study examined whether life event stress under general or more specific conditions (fear of separation, feeling of being under pressure, feeling of being caught between two quarreling parties, separation experiences) contribute to the aggravation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Firstly, 51 patients with ulcerative colitis, 57 patients with Crohn's disease, and 60 controls were compared in terms of these variables. In addition, the IBD patients filled out questionnaires asking for life events, the specific psychological conditions mentioned above, and their symptoms every 3 months for 1 year after the first measurement. Patients with Crohn's disease and patients with ulcerative colitis reported a lower amount of life event stress than members of the control group, but listed more feelings of being under pressure. Within group comparisons between patients in relapse and patients in remission, as well as comparisons between patients with recently increased disease activity and patients without increased disease activity did not yield clear results. We conclude that the variables in question have little influence on the beginning of a relapse.
Gentamicin Treatment of Serious Gram-Negative Bacillary Infections.
Authors: Louise Riff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Gentamicin Treatment of Serious Gram-Negative Bacillary Infections.Louise Riff, M.D., Vera Olexy, B.S., George Gee Jackson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Louise Riff, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Vera Olexy, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, George Gee Jackson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-797_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptInfection with Gram-negative bacilli is a problem of increasing frequency and importance. Often the strains causing these infections are resistant to available antibiotics. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic effective against most species of Gram-negative bacilli. We have used it in the treatment of 150 patients with life-threatening or serious Gram-negative bacillary infections. Most of the infections were hospital-acquired; one third of the patients had underlying diseases sufficiently serious to be designated as rapidly or ultimately fatal. Bacteremia from various sources and pyelonephritis accounted for more than two thirds of the diagnoses; endocarditis, pneumonia, and meningtis were prominent among the remainder.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Louise Riff, M.D.; Vera Olexy, B.S.; George Gee Jackson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 797-797KeywordsAntibioticsBacteremiaEndocarditisInfectious diseasesPatientsPneumoniaPyelonephritis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON TRIFLUOPERAZINE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: ELIERE J. TOLAN, H. H. PEPPEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

Extrapyramidal symptoms are independent of dosage or duration of therapy and depend instead on individual susceptibility to this drug, women apparently being more likely than men to develop extrapyramidal syndromes. The fairly large doses used in this study probably help explain the rather high incidence of these symptoms. In this pilot study, trifluoperazine proved to be a potent tranquilizer; it acted rapidly and was effective in smaller dosages than chlorpromazine. As with other tranquilizing agents, it affected behavior more than the underlying psychotic process. The lack of drowsiness made it easier for the therapist to approach the trifluoperazine-treated patient. Our experience indicated that trifluoperazine is effective in the management of chronic catatonic schizophrenia and chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia; it seems to activate lethargic, vegetative patients whose behavior is characterized by psychomotor retardation and apathy.
Clinical guidelines---the hidden costs
Authors: A. Haycox, A. Bagust, T. Walley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The publication of guidelines for statin treatment in the United Kingdom attracted criticism, particularly that no attempt had been made to assess the implications for resources associated with the guidelines. 1 2 The need to evaluate cost and clinical effectiveness in real terms before the widespread use of a treatment is frequently acknowledged.3 Unfortunately, these issues are rarely addressed in clinical guidelines, and there is little evidence that cost effectiveness in practice is considered in drawing up guidelines. 4 5

Surprisingly little consideration has been given to the role of guidelines in a healthcare system in which resources are constrained. 6 7 Cholesterol lowering drugs epitomise the problems that affect clinical guidelines in many areas. We consider here some unintended consequences from the development of guidelines (whether regulatory or … supposedly … advisory) that arise for those funding health care, doctors, and patients.

### Summary points

Implementation of evidence based guidelines may limit doctors' discretion and the autonomy of local commissioners

Guidelines allow narrow interest groups to impose their priorities on the health service

Implications for resources and the real effects of proposals must be evaluated thoroughly if guidelines are to be of value

Failure to do this may distort decision making in health care; this, in turn, can lead to unbalanced structures that do not serve the best interests of patients

All clinical guidelines aim to promote “best practices” that improve the outcomes of treatment.8 This rests on two assumptions—firstly, that outcomes identified in clinical trials are reproducible in normal practice and, secondly, that rapid and universal adoption of an effective treatment leads to optimal treatment for the whole population. Guidelines place most weight on evidence generated in randomised controlled trials. Unfortunately, real life clinical practice, where resources are more restricted, patient compliance …
Conflicts of Interest in Biomedical Research
Authors: David Korn
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Muscle Abnormality in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: B. C. Morson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Benign strictures, short or long, are uncommon in ulcerative colitis whether observed radiologically, sigmoidoscopically or in a colectomy specimen. There is a tendency to assume that they are due to fibrosis. But one of the more remarkable features of ulcerative colitis is its failure to provoke much fibroblastic proliferation and collagen formation, even when the inflammation has been severe, extensive and prolonged over many years. This contrasts with the excess collagen often found in Crohn's disease and always in ischemic stricture. There is a general, if slight, increase of submucosal collagen in some cases of very chronic ulcerative colitis, but . . .
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG-I): pathophysiological significance
Authors: H. Sellak, C.-s. Choi, N. B. Dey, T. M. Lincoln
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

The ability of the endothelium to produce nitric oxide, which induces generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) that activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG-I), in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is essential for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Yet, disturbance of this nitric oxide/cGMP/PKG-I pathway has been shown to play an important role in many cardiovascular diseases. In the last two decades, in vitro and in vivo models of vascular injury have shown that PKG-I is suppressed following nitric oxide, cGMP, cytokine, and growth factor stimulation. The molecular basis for these changes in PKG-I expression is still poorly understood, and they are likely to be mediated by a number of processes, including changes in gene transcription, mRNA stability, protein synthesis, or protein degradation. Emerging studies have begun to define mechanisms responsible for changes in PKG-I expression and have identified cis- and trans-acting regulatory elements, with a plausible role being attributed to post-translational control of PKG-I protein levels. This review will focus mainly on recent advances in understanding of the regulation of PKG-I expression in VSMCs, with an emphasis on the physiological and pathological significance of PKG-I down-regulation in VSMCs in certain circumstances.
AN HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IN EXPERIMENTAL BOTULINUS POISONING
Authors: E. V. Cowdry, F. M. Nicholson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

Recent physiological experiments by Dickson and Shevkyl and by Edmunds and Long 2 afford evidence that the peculiar and distressing symptoms of botulinus poisoning may be explained upon the hypothesis that the real site of action of the toxin is upon nerve terminals and that the paralytic features are not of central origin, as was formerly supposed.This casts a measure of suspicion upon the older work, largely histological, tending to show that the toxin acts directly upon the central nervous system and particularly upon the respiratory center presumably in the medulla.If the position taken by these authors is as secure as it seems to be, how then are we to explain the repeated descriptions in the literature of definite lesions with claims that they result from poisoning by botulinus toxin?Are they, perhaps, susceptible of some other interpretation, or is their relationship to botulism a fact which can be substantiated?A brief review of the literature will be helpful in showing how contradictory are the observations that have been made.Van Ermengem's 3 discovery that the toxin is produced by the growth of Clostridium botulinum, coming at a time when so many and brilliant advances were being made in the field of neurocytology by Golgi, Cajal, Nissl, and their students, led many investigators to approach the problem from this angle, and to attribute considerable, perhaps undue, significance to the results obtained.The obs'ervation, soon reported, of chromatolytic changes in the Nissl bodies was responsible in the first instance, for the claim that the toxin acts primarily upon nerve cells and that all other manifestations of disease are secondary phenomena.But there has been no general agreement as to the distribution of the lesions.Some con-
Two Hundred Years Young
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Two hundred years ago, as the American Revolution was ending, the Great and General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts voted to grant the petition of 14 Boston physicians and established the Massachusetts Medical Society. Governor John Hancock signed the bill into law on November 1, 1781. This signal event is now being celebrated by the Society with a special meeting in Boston this week, and it is also commemorated in this issue of the Journal.The history of the Society spans the history of our country, so it is appropriate that our Bicentennial articles should begin with a . . .