tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of complement and polymorphonuclear cells in demethylchlortetracycline-induced phototoxicity in guinea pigs. Inhibition by decomplementation in vivo.
Authors: H W Lim, H Novotny, I Gigli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

In this study, demethylchlortetracycline was used as a prototype of exogenous phototoxic substances. In vitro, exposure of serum containing demethylchlortetracycline to ultraviolet-A irradiation resulted in the diminution of total complement hemolytic activity and C4, C2, C3, and C5 activities. In addition, chemotactic activity for human polymorphonuclear cells was generated, which was thermostable and antigenically related to human C5 but not human C3. In vivo, phototoxic lesions were induced in guinea pigs upon intradermal injections of demethylchlortetracycline solution, followed by ultraviolet-A irradiation. On a scale of 0-3+, the animals developed a maximal response of 2.5 at 20 h. This clinical response was associated with cellular infiltrate in the dermis, consisting of 29 +/- 2% of neutrophils at 24 h. The participation of the polymorphonuclear cells was evaluated in guinea pigs rendered neutropenic by treatment with cyclophosphamide. In these guinea pigs, demethylchlortetracycline and ultraviolet-A induced a maximal response of 0.75 +/- 0.5, which was associated histologically with 1.2 +/- 0.5% neutrophils in the dermis. The role of complement in this process was studied in guinea pigs congenitally deficient in C4, and in guinea pigs decomplemented by treatment with cobra venom factor. In contrast to normal guinea pigs, C4-deficient animals exhibited a maximal reaction of 0.83 +/- 0.16 at 6 h, which subsided within 24 h. Cobra venom factor-treated guinea pigs developed a maximal response of 0.5 at 0.5 and at 6 h. These clinical changes were associated with the development of an increased vascular permeability, as demonstrated by studies using guinea pigs injected intravenously with Evans blue solution. In animals with a normal complement system, there was intense localized bluing at the sites of phototoxic lesion. In contrast, only minimal bluing was observed in decomplemented guinea pigs. These data indicate that a normal number of polymorphonuclear cells and an intact complement system are required for the full development of demethylchlortetracycline-induced phototoxic lesions.
Human decidua is a major source of renin.
Authors: K J Shaw, Y S Do, S Kjos, P W Anderson, T Shinagawa, L Dubeau, W A Hsueh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Plasma prorenin levels are elevated in normal pregnant women. Current evidence suggests renin production by tissues of the uteroplacental unit contribute to this elevation. The purpose of this investigation was to define the source of renin biosynthesis within the human uteroplacental unit and to characterize the renin produced. RNA extraction and Northern blot analysis consistently demonstrated renin mRNA expression in uterine lining both in the pregnant (decidua) and nonpregnant states (endometrium) and in fetal chorion laeve, which is inseparable from the decidua. In contrast, renin mRNA expression was not detected in basal plate and intertwin chorion (which is separate from decidua), amnion, myometrium, or placental villi. The total renin content in decidual homogenates was two- to threefold greater than in endometrial homogenates, and cultured human decidual cells produced significantly more total renin than cultured human endometrial cells, suggesting that pregnancy enhanced renin production by the cells lining the uterus. Immunoblot analysis and [3H]leucine incorporation identified 47,000-mol wt prorenin as the major form of renin produced by cultured human decidual cells. These studies indicate that maternal decidua is the major source of prorenin in the uteroplacental unit.
Guinea-worm arthritis of knee joint.
Authors: M. L. Kothari, D. S. Pardnani, L. Mehta, M. P. Anand
Journal: BMJ (1968)

remain the arbiters of how widely confidences expressed to their doctor or social worker may be shared.Most of them will readily agree to the co-option of a colleague to a situation, or to a confidential second opinion.But few will seek help from an organization where they themselves, the patients, forfeit control of who does and who does not have access to their private affairs.This is one of the causes of present underuse of some social service departments.Future improvement of medical care by co-operation between general practitioners and social workers will depend largely on genuine attachment of suitably trained social workers to general practices, and freedom from hierarchical involvement in case detail and case management.I sug- gest that it is only in this way that the large area of personal care, which is indivisibly both medical and social, can be fruitfully approached.-Iam, etc.,
Scientists protest against proposals on advisory group membership
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Some of the United Kingdom’s most eminent scientists are at loggerheads with the government over its attempt to defuse the row which erupted after the home secretary, Alan Johnson, sacked David Nutt as chairman of the government’s advisory council on the misuse of drugs.

There was an outcry from leading scientists when Professor Nutt was dismissed last October after asserting in an academic lecture that cannabis and ecstasy were less dangerous than alcohol ( BMJ 3 November 2009, doi:10.1136/bmj.b4563). After other members of the committee resigned in protest, the government promised to consult on new principles governing its relationship with members of its advisory groups, who are not government employees but give their …
Hb Johnstown [?109 (G11) Val?Leu]: Second case described and associated for the first time with ?0-thalassemia in two Spanish families
Authors: P. Ropero, A. Villegas, A.F. Gonz�lez, E. Anguita, J. S�nchez, D.L. Carre�o, B. Arrizabalaga, L. Atuxta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Hb Johnstown, a high oxygen affinity hemoglobin, was identified in four members from two unrelated Spanish families with erythrocytosis and left-shifted hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve. This hemoglobin variant, electrophoretically silent, was analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and the mutation was characterized at the DNA level by beta gene sequencing. In one of these families, two members are affected with Hb Johnstown in association with beta(0)-thalassemia. In these cases the erythrocytosis and low values for P(50) due to Hb Johnstown remain in spite of the beta-thalassemia.
Demonstration of accuracy and clinical versatility of mutual information for automatic multimodality image fusion using affine and thin-plate spline warped geometric deformations
Authors: Charles R. Meyer, Jennifer L. Boes, Boklye Kim, Peyton H. Bland, Kenneth R. Zasadny, Paul V. Kison, Kenneth Koral, Kirk A. Frey, Richard L. Wahl
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (1997)
Profound Leukemoid Reaction in Cytomegalovirus Mononucleosis
Authors: David B. Okun
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) infections in healthy adults may cause an illness with a wide range of clinical manifestations. In many patients, a syndrome similar to infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus may occur. Cytomegalovirus has been identifed as a cause of this syndrome; blood transfusions have been implicated as the vehicle of transmission.<sup>1</sup>Relative and absolute lymphocytosis with abundant atypical lymphocytes is a common finding that may persist for months after the illness.<sup>2</sup>We present a case of asymptomatic posttransfusion CMV mononucleosis that presented with a lymphocyte count of greater than 100,000/cu mm. To our knowledge, a leukemoid reaction of this degree has not been reported in association with CMV mononucleosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 20-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with several injuries following a motor vehicle accident. He had been in excellent health. Results of an evaluation of his condition showed a frontal skull
Abstract 2462: Coiled-coil domain 68 (CCDC68) plays a tumor suppressive role in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nikolina Radulovich, Lisa Leung, Emin Ibrahimov, Roya Navab, Shingo Sakashita, William Lockwood, Kelsie Thu, Yaroslav Fedeshyn, Jason Moffat, Wan Lam, Ming Tsao
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is driven by somatic alterations. Recent studies revealed that most genetic alterations are represented by rare mutations in many genes that are either drivers or passengers of PDAC. Using integrative genomics and functional screenings we identified coiled-coil domain 68 (CCDC68) as a putative tumor suppressor (TSG) in PDAC. Combination of Q-RT-PCR and FISH analysis revealed CCDC68 allelic losses in 50% of PDAC cell lines and 44% of primary patient xenografts. 21% of PDAC cell lines and primary patient xenografts also showed decreased levels of CCDC68 mRNA and protein. We also report the discovery of an unstable novel alternate splice variant (SNP rs. 1344011) of CCDC68 expressed by 30% of PDAC patients. Overexpression of full length CCDC68 (CCDC68wt) in PANC-1 and Hs.766T cell lines significantly decreased their cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and in vivo tumorigenicity in scid mice. However, the overexpression of novel transcript CCDC68 variant did not affect the cell proliferation or tumorigenicity potential of PANC-1 cells. Finally, we identified that CCDC68 negatively regulates MAPK signalling independently of KRAS status. In conclusion, CCDC68 loss-of-function through copy loss, mRNA downregulation and truncated protein expression suppresses the tumorigenicity of PDAC cell lines suggesting that CCDC68 is a candidate novel TSG in PDAC. Citation Format: Nikolina Radulovich, Lisa Leung, Emin Ibrahimov, Roya Navab, Shingo Sakashita, William Lockwood, Kelsie Thu, Yaroslav Fedeshyn, Jason Moffat, Wan Lam, Ming Tsao. Coiled-coil domain 68 (CCDC68) plays a tumor suppressive role in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2462. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2462
In vivo microscopy of the cerebral microcirculation using neonatal allografts in hamsters.
Authors: W L Joyner, R Young, D Blank, C A Eccleston-Joyner, J P Gilmore
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Studies were performed to characterize the morphology and vascular reactivity of the allografted cerebral microcirculation. Cerebral cortical tissue was allografted into the cheek pouch of the hamster so that cerebral parenchymal vessels could be studied. The vascular morphology was characterized by a large number of looping vessels. The ultrastructural examination indicated viable cerebral tissue containing typical vessels, that is, "tight" junctions, not like those of the cheek pouch. Also, the microvasculature was impermeable to 150, 70, and 20 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate dextrans. Angiotensin II and norepinephrine caused constriction of the cerebral vessels whereas adenosine caused dilation. Isoproterenol did not affect cerebral arterioles; however, it dilated cheek pouch arterioles. Thus, this preparation provides a satisfactory model for studying the living cerebral microcirculation.
Management of colorectal cancer and diabetes
Authors: Caroline Yao, Guy F Nash, Tamas Hickish
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

Colorectal cancer is associated with diabetes mellitus and both of these common conditions are often managed together by a surgeon. The surgical focus is usually upon cancer treatment rather than diabetes management. The relationship between colorectal cancer and diabetes is a complex one and can raise problems in both diagnosis and the management of patients with both conditions. This literature review explores the relationship between diabetes, diabetic treatment and colorectal cancer and addresses the issues that arise in diagnosing and treating this patient group. By highlighting these difficulties, this review aims to improve understanding and to provide clearer insight into both surgical and non-surgical management.
Molecular Biology for Nonmolecular Biologists
Authors: John M Chirgwin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Molecular biology offers various powerful tools for understanding the etiology of diabetes mellitus. These methods can be understood by nonmolecular biologists. Topics briefly introduced include 1) control of gene expression, 2) cloning of genes, 3) how gene promoters work, 4) transgenic mice, 5) mutagenesis in vitro, 6) human molecular genetics, and 7) the new powerful polymerase chain-reaction technique, which greatly simplifies many of the other methods.
Lingual Thyroid
Authors: FREDERICK W. NEINAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Fifteen cases of lingual thyroid are described. Patients were of all age groups, but 87% were females. Throat discomfort, dysphonia, hemoptysis, and hypothyroid symptoms were the commonest presenting complaints. In all but one case, the lingual tissue was the only thyroid tissue. None showed malignant changes. Several other thyroid abnormalities occurred in relatives of some patients. No associated congenital defects were seen. Excisional biopsy should be performed on all midline lesions at the base of the tongue that grow aggressively or give rise to hemorrhage or pain. A radioiodine scan may lead to the diagnosis of others. For most cases needing treatment, administration of thyroid hormone is best. In one of two cases, autotransplantation of the lingual thyroid was successful.
Increasing prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms in an adult Danish population
Authors: A. Linneberg, T. Jørgensen, N.H. Nielsen, F. Madsen, L. Frølund, A. Dirksen
Journal: Allergy (1999)

There is evidence that the prevalence of respiratory allergy is increasing. This is mainly based on studies in children and young adults. The aim of the study was to compare the prevalences of self‐reported symptoms of respiratory allergy among Danish adults in two surveys 8 years apart. Identical questionnaires were mailed to two random general population samples in 1989 and 1997. The response rates were 86.1% ( n =3603) and 86.4% ( n =817), respectively. The sampling frame and sampling method were identical in both surveys. The changes in the prevalences of symptoms were expressed by sex‐ and age‐adjusted odds ratios comparing 1997 to 1989. We found a significant increase in the prevalence of seasonal rhinitis symptoms (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.4–1.9), rhinitis symptoms on exposure to pollen (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.4–1.9), rhinitis symptoms on exposure to furry animals (odds ratio 1.6, 95% CI 1.3–2.0), rhinitis symptoms on exposure to house dust (OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6), and breathlessness on exposure to pollen (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.0). The observed increases were independent of sex and age. The questionnaire was validated in relation to allergen skin test reactivity in a subgroup of the responders to the 1989 survey. When the estimated associations between symptoms and skin test reactivity were considered, the results suggested an increase in allergy to pollen and animal dander. In conclusion, we found evidence of increased prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms associated with skin test reactivity.
945. Combination Treatment of Adenovirus Mediated HSV-Thymidine Kinase Suicide Gene Therapy and Docetaxel in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hideyuki Yamashita, Weiguo Jian, April Gillbert, Seth P. Lerner
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of adenovirus vector encoding Herpes simplex thymidine kinase plus ganciclovir (GCV) suicide gene therapy and Docetaxel (DTX) in human bladder cancer cell lines. Material and Methods: IC50 was determined for both Ad5F35TK plus ganciclovir (GCV) or DTX monotherapy at 48, 72 and 96 h after exposure to a serial log-fold dosing of Ad5F35TK or DTX in a coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) positive human bladder cancer cell line (5637) and a CAR negative cell line (TCC-SUP). Cell growth inhibition was then assessed at 72 h after treatment with Ad5F35TK+GCV or Ad5F35TK/GCV/DTX by MTT assay. Ad5F35 and DTX were given within 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours of each other then MTT assay was performed at 72 h. The viability of control cells was set as 100%, and viability in other groups was calculated by comparing the optical density (OD) readings with the control. Results: The inhibitory concentration of docetaxel to achieve 50% cell death in 5637 cell line ranged from 0.002 to 0.008 ug/ml and from 0.002 to 0.02 in TCC-SUP cell line at 48, 72 and 96 hours. Adding docetexal chemotherapy to Ad5F35TK gene therapy resulted in 57% benefit in 5637 cell line (p<0.0001) and 39% benefit in TCC-SUP cell line (p<0.005). Conclusion: Combination of Ad5F35TK+GCV suicide gene therapy with DTX in human bladder cancer cells was considerably more active in vitro than with monotherapy. This result suggests that combination treatment of Ad5F35TK+GCV suicide gene therapy with DTX has the potential to enhance clinical activity as compared to monotherapy in human bladder cancer.
HPV vaccine and adolescents' sexual activity
Authors: Bernard Lo
Journal: BMJ (2006)

It would be a shame if unresolved ethical dilemmas hampered this breakthrough 

I n June 2006 the US Food and Drug Administration is expected to approve a human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine which is over 90% effective in preventing new infections and precancerous cervical lesions caused by the HPV types that it covers.1 2 The vaccine prevents cancer through preventing sexual transmission of HPV types that cause cervical cancer.3 This link to a sexually transmitted infection raises ethical concerns that must be resolved if the benefits of preventing cancer are to be realised.

The vaccine must be given before HPV infection is acquired. It is most likely to be recommended for 11-12 year olds, because by the ninth grade (age 14-15) 28% of girls in the US are sexually active. This has prompted some advocates of premarital abstinence to charge that HPV vaccination will condone or promote sexual promiscuity. However, its impact will probably be small because multiple factors are associated with initiation of sexual activity; fear of sexually transmitted infections is …
Prognostic importance of specific immunoreactivity in occupational bladder cancer.
Authors: S Kumar, G Taylor, P Wilson, W Hurst
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Sixty-eight workers with a history of exposure to a bladder carcinogen were followed up to see whether changes in lymphocyte immunoreactivity to a bladder-cancer-cell target were predictive of the development of neoplasia of the urothelium. A twofold or greater increase in reactivity was strongly associated with the development of abnormal urinary cytology suggestive or indicative of malignant change. Changes in immunoreactivity to a non-bladder-cancer-cell target did not have this association. The findings support the possibility that changes in lymphocyte immunoreactivity may be used to predict the onset of bladder cancer in people exposed to bladder carcinogens.
Doctors from ethnic minority groups
Authors: A A Sayeed
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft trial is an important milestone that documents the benefits of treating hypercholesterolemia in patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis w h o have had bypass surgery. In the present article, w e highlight the rationale, study design, and results of the Post-CABG study, which was recently published in the <i>New England Journal of Medicine.</i>
Hepatic Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Deficiency Protects Mice from Carbohydrate-Induced Adiposity and Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: Makoto Miyazaki, Matthew T. Flowers, Harini Sampath, Kiki Chu, Carolin Otzelberger, Xueqing Liu, James M. Ntambi
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2007)
Abstract 1764: Changes in apoptotic gene expression in human leukemia cells treated with the anticancer drug Laromustine
Authors: Emily G. Kaye, Kayla M. Gross, Jo Bellairs, Lindsay E. Dale, Catherine Gallagher, Emily V. Sher, Kristen N. Robinson, Kevin P. Rice
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Laromustine is an experimental anticancer drug that has been tested in the clinic against acute myelogenous leukemia and glioblastoma multiforme. In the body, Laromustine's cytotoxic effects are a result of two cogenerated electrophiles, a 2-chloroethylating species that can cause lethal DNA damage and methylisocyanate, which carbamoylates sulfydryl groups in proteins. The mechanism by which Laromustine kills cancer cells likely includes apoptosis. In order to further investigate this phenomenon, the extent to which Laromustine affects cultured human promyelocytic (HL-60) cells’ use of 88 genes relating to this cell death pathway was examined using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Cultured cells were treated with drug for six hours before harvesting mRNA for analysis. The expression of a subset of the tested genes emerged as significantly different in cells treated with Laromustine as compared to control cells. Included among these genes are: TNFRSF10D, TNFRSF17, CD40LG, TRAF4, and BAG3. The expression of BAG3, whose encoded protein is also known as CAIR-1 or Bis, was increased by more than two orders of magnitude in HL-60 cells exposed to Laromustine. By forming a complex with heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), it is thought that BAG3 promotes anti-apoptotic activity by interfering with protein chaperoning and cytochrome-c release. It is possible that a pathway involving BAG3 could be a mechanism by which cells attempt to counter the effects of Laromustine exposure. Other apoptotic markers are also reported, including activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and staining of annexin V. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1764. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1764
The Role of Pulmonary Hypertension and Thromboembolism in the Production of Pulmonary Arteriosclerosis
Authors: ROBERT M. O'NEAL, WILBUR A. THOMAS
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Thromboembolism and pulmonary hypertension have been assessed as factors in the production of pulmonary arteriosclerosis. A study was made of autopsy records and tissue sections from 59 cases of congenital heart disease with anomalies permitting shunting of blood from the systemic to the pulmonary circulation and 31 cases of pulmonary stenosis with septal defect. Pulmonary arteriosclerosis was found to be common and of equal frequency in the two groups of cases, indicating that hypertension is not a necessary factor. There was a close correlation between the presence of pulmonary arterial thrombi and pulmonary arteriosclerosis.
A DOCTOR WANTED
Authors: J. D. Liles
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —There are now only five physicians in Lewis County, and three of these are devoting little time to practice. This leaves Dr. Bertram and myself here at Vanceburg, and we have more than we can do most of the time. A state road comes across the county to Vanceburg, and almost all side roads are bad, especially in winter time. We need a doctor badly at Garrison, a good location; need one at Petersville, and could use a good man right here in Vanceburg. We need fellows who are hustlers and not afraid of work, men who can drive their own car and ride a mule if necessary; men who can do all kinds of minor surgery without a trained assistant, and who have the utmost confidence in their own ability.
Recent trends in mortality associated with abuse of volatile substances in the UK.
Authors: H R Anderson, K Bloor, R S Macnair, J Ramsey
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A propos de 282 morts enregistrees entre 1971 et 1983. Augmentation notable de la frequence des morts, malgre les efforts d'information et l'impression que l'abus serait «passe de mode»