tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF MALARIA WITH A SINGLE DOSE OF AMODIAQUINE OR CHLOROQUINE
Authors: Mark T. Hoekenga
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Since the development of 4-aminoquinoline compounds, particularly chloroquine (aralen® [Winthrop-Stearns]) andamodiaquine (camoquin® [Parke-Davis]), the treatment of malaria has become much simpler than it was a few years ago. Published reports stress the rapidity with which symptoms are alleviated and the speed with which parasites disappear from the peripheral blood when either of these drugs is administered.  Chloroquine and amodiaquine have the following pharmacologic and clinical properties in common: 1. They are rapidly and essentially completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of experimental animals and presumably of man. 2. They are distributed unequally in the body tissues and are present in much higher concentrations in some tissues than in blood plasma. 3. They are slowly excreted from the body on cessation of drug therapy. 4. They are highly effective in terminating acute attacks of malaria due to either Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax. 5. They usually result in complete eradication of
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION RISK SCORE ACCURATELY PREDICTS PERI-OPERATIVE MORTALITY AND OUTPERFORMS THE EUROSCORE IN AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT FOR AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Jagroop Basraon, Adheesh Agnihotri, Selcuk Adabag, Marc Pritzker, Elizabeth Ziemba, Rosemary Kelly, Herb Ward, YS Chandrashekhar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
John Snow: Anaesthetist to a Queen and Epidemiologist to a Nation
Authors: D. Porter
Journal: BMJ (1995)

David A E Shephard York Point Publishing, P O Box 843 Cornwall, PE, Canada COA 2HO, pounds sterling15, pp 347 ISBN 1 57087 103 5

David Shephard's heroic account of the Yorkshire lad, dedicated to vegetarianism and temperance, who ultimately gave Victoria “that blessed chloroform” provides us with new insights into the man who did not actually remove the handle of the Broad Street pump. Shephard aims to portray Snow as a “complete physician” by showing how he linked his clinical practice to both laboratory and epidemiological scientific research.

Snow's attraction to the novel practice of anaesthesia in the 1840s was …
Worldwide experience with the CR326F-derived inactivated hepatitis A virus vaccine in pediatric and adult populations: an overview
Authors: David R. Nalin, Barbara J. Kuter, Leora Brown, Carol Patterson, Gary B. Calandra, Alan Werzberger, Daniel Shouval, Edward Ellerbeck, Stanley L. Block, Robert Bishop, Brian Wiens, Skai W. Schwartz, John A. Lewis, Robert D. Sitrin, Philip J. Provost, William J. Miller, John L. Ryan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)
Molecular and functional analysis of the stem cell compartment of chronic myelogenous leukemia reveals the presence of a CD34− cell population with intrinsic resistance to imatinib
Authors: Roberto M. Lemoli, Valentina Salvestrini, Elisa Bianchi, Francesco Bertolini, Miriam Fogli, Marilina Amabile, Agostino Tafuri, Simona Salati, Roberta Zini, Nicoletta Testoni, Cristina Rabascio, Lara Rossi, Ines Martin-Padura, Fausto Castagnetti, Paola Marighetti, Giovanni Martinelli, Michele Baccarani, Sergio Ferrari, Rossella Manfredini
Journal: Blood (2009)
Acute-on chronic liver failure
Authors: Rajiv Jalan, Pere Gines, Jody C Olson, Rajeshwar P Mookerjee, Richard Moreau, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Vicente Arroyo, Patrick S Kamath
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

SummaryAcute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is an increasingly recognised entity encompassing an acute deterioration of liver function in patients with cirrhosis, which is usually associated with a precipitating event and results in the failure of one or more organs and high short term mortality. Prospective data to define this is lacking but there is a large body of circumstantial evidence suggesting that this condition is a distinct clinical entity. From the pathophysiologic perspective, altered host response to injury and infection play important roles in its development. This review focuses upon the current understanding of this syndrome from the clinical, prognostic and pathophysiologic perspectives and indicates potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for intervention.
SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF INFECTION WITH HUMAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN SWINE
Authors: Richard E. Shope
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

Antibodies capable of neutralizing human influenza virus were present in the sera of old swine on two New Jersey institution farms, but absent from the sera of young swine on the same farms. The old animals had lived through the winter of 1936-37 in which outbreaks of upper respiratory tract disease were prevalent among the human inmates of the two institutions, while the young swine studied were born long after these outbreaks. It is believed that the swine whose sera neutralized human influenza virus had undergone an unrecognized human influenza virus infection acquired from man. The possible bearing of these observations upon the theory that swine influenza was originally of human origin is discussed.
Milk allergy/intolerance and atopic dermatitis in infancy and childhood
Authors: E. Novembre, A. Vierucci
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Adverse reactions to cow’s milk proteins are usually indicated as cow’s milk allergy/intolerance (CMPA/CMPI) because no differentiation is possible on the basis of symptoms, and there is no reliable single laboratory test available for the diagnosis of CMPA or CMPI. Elimination and challenge tests for cow’s milk proteins using strict, well‐defined diagnostic criteria are required for the diagnosis of CMPA/CMPI. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common symptoms of CMPA/CMPI. Approximately one third of AD children have a diagnosis of CMPA/CMPI according to elimination diet and challenge tests, and about 40–50% of children &lt;1 year of age with CMPA/CMPI have AD. Many children with AD and CMPA/CMPI develop a complete tolerance to CMP in a few years. Children with persisting forms of CMPA/CMPI have a more frequent history of familial atopic disease, change in CMPA/CMPI manifestations over time and very high frequency of multiple food intolerance and allergic diseases. Many children who outgrow their AD develop other allergic diseases, such as rhinitis or asthma. The simultaneous development of allergic tolerance in one organ and the intolerance or atopic disease in another organ suggest that genetic, immunologic and environmental factors play a complex role in the natural history of AD and other atopic diseases.
Prevalence and Risks of Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Achim H. Lauruschkat, Bert Arnrich, Alexander A. Albert, Jörg A. Walter, Berthold Amann, Ulrich P. Rosendahl, Tejas Alexander, Jürgen Ennker
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Numerous studies have shown that diabetes mellitus (DM) is not identified and, consequently, inadequately treated in a substantial proportion of the patients in the general population. We know very little about the extent and the consequences of undiagnosed diabetes in the risk group of patients with coronary heart diseases. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence and the risks of undiagnosed DM among patients with coronary artery bypass.The data of 7310 patients who have undergone coronary bypass operations between 1996 and 2003 were analyzed. Depending on their diagnosis on admission and their fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, these patients were classified as known diabetics, undiagnosed diabetics (FPG > or =126 mg/dL), or as nondiabetics (FPG <126 mg/dL) and were compared in terms of their preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics. Among the patients with coronary bypass that we examined, we found a prevalence of diagnosed diabetics of 29.6%. The prevalence of patients with undiagnosed DM (FPG > or =126 mg/dL) was 5.2%. In comparison with the other groups (non-DM versus undiagnosed DM versus known DM), the undiagnosed diabetics more frequently required resuscitation (1.7% versus 4.2% versus 1.5%; P<0.01) and reintubation (2.1% versus 5.0% versus 3.5%; P<0.01) and often showed a longer period of ventilation >1 day (5.6% versus 10.5% versus 7.4%; P<0.01). Perioperative mortality rate was highest in this group (0.9% versus 2.4% versus 1.4%; P<0.01).This study is the first to publish the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in cardiac surgery. During the perioperative and postoperative courses, these patients displayed a substantially higher morbidity and mortality rate.
Routine Postprandial Blood Glucose Determinations in a General Hospital
Authors: Robert F. Berris
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The value and feasibility of performing routine twohour blood glucose determinations on all admissions to a general hospital was studied in 2,472 patients. A high percentage (13%) of positive results was obtained with more than half of these showing carbohydrate intolerance after glucose tolerance test. The number of positive reactions increases markedly with age. New criteria are needed for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in the inactive, sick, or aged patient, but the carbohydrate intolerance demonstrable on two-hour postprandial blood glucose tests appears to be of value in discovering the asymptomatic potential diabetic. The glucose tolerance test should be performed if diabetes mellitus is clinically suspected, even though the two-hour postcibum test is normal. Clinical acumen was rewarded with evidence of diabetes mellitus in 25% of suspects with normal postprandial glucose levels.
JNK Signaling Mediates EPHA2-Dependent Tumor Cell Proliferation, Motility, and Cancer Stem Cell–like Properties in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wenqiang Song, Yufang Ma, Jialiang Wang, Dana Brantley-Sieders, Jin Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Recent genome-wide analyses in human lung cancer revealed that EPHA2 receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and high levels of EPHA2 correlate with poor clinical outcome. However, the mechanistic basis for EPHA2-mediated tumor promotion in lung cancer remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the JNK/c-JUN signaling mediates EPHA2-dependent tumor cell proliferation and motility. A screen of phospho-kinase arrays revealed a decrease in phospho-c-JUN levels in EPHA2 knockdown cells. Knockdown of EPHA2 inhibited p-JNK and p-c-JUN levels in approximately 50% of NSCLC lines tested. Treatment of parental cells with SP600125, a c-JUN-NH2-kinase (JNK) inhibitor, recapitulated defects in EPHA2-deficient tumor cells, whereas constitutively activated JNK mutants were sufficient to rescue phenotypes. Knockdown of EPHA2 also inhibited tumor formation and progression in xenograft animal models in vivo. Furthermore, we investigated the role of EPHA2 in cancer stem-like cells (CSC). RNA interference-mediated depletion of EPHA2 in multiple NSCLC lines decreased the ALDH(+) cancer stem-like population and tumor spheroid formation in suspension. Depletion of EPHA2 in sorted ALDH(+) populations markedly inhibited tumorigenicity in nude mice. Furthermore, analysis of a human lung cancer tissue microarray revealed a significant, positive association between EPHA2 and ALDH expression, indicating an important role for EPHA2 in human lung CSCs. Collectively, these studies revealed a critical role of JNK signaling in EPHA2-dependent lung cancer cell proliferation and motility and a role for EPHA2 in CSC function, providing evidence for EPHA2 as a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC. Cancer Res; 74(9); 2444-54. ©2014 AACR.
Symptom Assessment in Palliative Care: A Need for International Collaboration
Authors: Stein Kaasa, Jon Håvard Loge, Peter Fayers, Augusto Caraceni, Florian Strasser, Marianne Jensen Hjermstad, Irene Higginson, Lukas Radbruch, Dagny Faksvåg Haugen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

This article describes the research strategy for the development of a computerized assessment tool as part of a European Union (EU)-funded project, the European Palliative Care Research Collaborative (EPCRC). The EPCRC is funded through the Sixth Framework Program of the EU with major objectives to develop a computer-based assessment and classification tool for pain, depression, and cachexia. A systematic approach will be applied for the tool development with emphasis on multicultural and multilanguage challenges across Europe. The EPCRC is based on a long lasting collaboration within the European Association for Palliative Care Research Network. The ongoing change in society towards greatly increased use of communication as well as information transfer via digital systems will rapidly change the health care system. Therefore, patient-centered outcome assessment tools applicable for both clinic and research should be developed. Report of symptoms via digital media provides a start for face-to-face communication, treatment decisions, and assessment of treatment effects. The increased use of electronic media for exchange of information may facilitate the development and use of electronic assessment tools and decision-making systems in oncology. In the future, patients may find that a combination of a face-to-face interview plus a transfer of information of subjective symptoms by electronic means will optimize treatment.
Localized Myocardial Responses to Stimulation of Cardiac Sympathetic Nerves
Authors: M. SZENTIVANYI, J. B. PACE, J. S. WECHSLER, W. C. RANDALL
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Myocardial contractile force was recorded at three to five positions on the canine heart while progressively more distal portions of the cardiac sympathetic nerves were electrically stimulated. When the electrodes were applied directly to the stellate ganglion or to the ansa subclavia, positive inotropic responses were generally observed on all of the test regions of the heart. However, when more distal branches of the cardiac nerves were stimulated, individual test regions were successively deleted from the general response. By carefully removing narrow strips of epicardium (epicardial denervation) from different portions of the heart, similar deletions in response were observed. These observations indicate that the peripheral autonomic innervation of the heart is distributed to circumscribed regions of cardiac musculature. Contractile segments of a given region of the heart may be organized in series and each component of the chain influences the contraction of neighboring elements, normally innervated segments mechanically interacting with noninnervated regions. Individual units of cardiac muscle may be markedly influenced through local intervention by the sympathetic nerve supply.
High-Sensitivity Troponin I for Risk Assessment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Ziad Hijazi, Agneta Siegbahn, Ulrika Andersson, Christopher B. Granger, John H. Alexander, Dan Atar, Bernard J. Gersh, Puneet Mohan, Veli-Pekka Harjola, John Horowitz, Steen Husted, Elaine M. Hylek, Renato D. Lopes, John J.V. McMurray, Lars Wallentin
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— High-sensitivity troponin-I (hs-TnI) measurement improves risk assessment for cardiovascular events in many clinical settings, but the added value in atrial fibrillation patients has not been described. Methods and Results— At randomization, hs-TnI was analyzed in 14 821 atrial fibrillation patients in the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial comparing apixaban with warfarin. The associations between hs-TnI concentrations and clinical outcomes were evaluated by using adjusted Cox analysis. The hs-TnI assay detected troponin (≥1.3 ng/L) in 98.5% patients, 50% had levels &gt;5.4, 25% had levels &gt;10.1, and 9.2% had levels ≥23 ng/L (the 99th percentile in healthy individuals). During a median of 1.9 years follow-up, annual rates of stroke or systemic embolism ranged from 0.76% in the lowest hs-TnI quartile to 2.26% in the highest quartile (&gt;10.1 ng/L). In multivariable analysis, hs-TnI was significantly associated with stroke or systemic embolism, adjusted hazard ratio 1.98 (1.42–2.78), P =0.0007. hs-TnI was also significantly associated with cardiac death; annual rates ranged from 0.40% to 4.24%, hazard ratio 4.52 (3.05–6.70), P &lt;0.0001, in the corresponding groups, and for major bleeding hazard ratio 1.44 (1.11–1.86), P =0.0250. Adding hs-TnI levels to the CHA 2 DS 2 VASc score improved c-statistics from 0.629 to 0.653 for stroke or systemic embolism, and from 0.591 to 0.731 for cardiac death. There were no significant interactions with study treatment. Conclusions— Troponin-I is detected in 98.5% and elevated in 9.2% of atrial fibrillation patients. The hs-TnI level is independently associated with a raised risk of stroke, cardiac death, and major bleeding and improves risk stratification beyond the CHA 2 DS 2 VASc score. The benefits of apixaban in comparison with warfarin are consistent regardless of hs-TnI levels. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00412984.
Acute Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Lorraine B. Ware, Michael A. Matthay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 62-year-old man presents with a three-day history of progressive dyspnea, nonproductive cough, and low-grade fever. His blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg, his heart rate 110 beats per minute, his temperature 37.9°C, and his oxygen saturation while breathing room air 86 percent. Chest auscultation reveals rales and rhonchi bilaterally. A chest radiograph shows bilateral pulmonary infiltrates consistent with pulmonary edema and borderline enlargement of the cardiac silhouette. How should this patient be evaluated to establish the cause of the acute pulmonary edema and to determine appropriate therapy?
Agencies begin clearing unexploded weapons in Libya
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Weapons and unexploded ordnance pose a serious risk to civilians in Libya, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has warned, as it begins clearance operations in the towns of Sirte and Bani Walid.

Although fighting has ceased in most parts of Libya civilians continue to be injured or killed by explosive devices. And there have been several casualties in Sirte, including an 8 year old girl who lost her arm while playing with an explosive device.

The ICRC is working in partnership with the Libyan government and other agencies and began a public information campaign in the cities earlier this …
Hang Gliding-Reply
Authors: Ben Eiseman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Our article on hang gliding evoked many comments on the medical and safety aspects of the sport. The article and editorial thereby achieved their objective. Many of the thoughtful letters were by those far more experienced in hang gliding and soaring than we. Several quite properly pointed out my blunder of stating that pushing the control bar forward tilts the nose downward; it of course raises the nose. The many excellent comments and letters can be summarized by stating: Accidents this summer have increased as predicted. Our Colorado newspapers alone reported at least three during the past eight weeks— one in a 13-year-old boy. Writers emphasized the total lack of protection of the pilot in hang gliding as opposed to the pilot in soaring. There are no instruments to indicate stall speeds. Dangers were pointed out for trying a 360° turn into the mountain
Management of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (excluding miliary and meningeal) in south and west Wales (1976-8).
Authors: R D Monie, A M Hunter, K M Rocchiccioli, J P White, I A Campbell, G S Kilpatrick
Journal: BMJ (1982)

In a retrospective survey of the management of extrapulmonary tuberculosis lymph node and genitourinary tuberculosis were found more commonly than bone and joint or gynaecological disease. Only 29% of patients received 18 moths' chemotherapy while 31% received nine to 12 months' treatment with rifampicin and isoniazid regimens and 34% had short-course chemotherapy with other regimens. Five patients were not offered any chemotherapy after diagnosis, and in five patients the diagnosis was overlooked because of administrative errors. One patient died from tuberculosis (renal). Poor drug compliance appeared less of a problem than in pulmonary tuberculosis. Only 14% of patients had their disease managed solely by consultants who were not specialists in chest disease. Liaison with a chest consultant did not necessarily ensure chemotherapy for 18 moths.
THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH AND THE NEED FOR A NEW LOOK
Authors: Dale G. Friend
Journal: JAMA (1967)

It is no secret that one of the weaker links in the present-day practice of medicine is the proper utilization of therapeutic agents now available to the physician. It is also apparent that our brightest hope for combating disease lies in the development of new therapeutic tools for its treatment. Unfortunately, as stated elsewhere in this issue (p 454), there are serious problems which must be understood and solved before development in therapeutic research can proceed at the same rate as other fields in medicine. There are many reasons for difficulties encountered, such as an undeserved but unfortunate lack of prestige in the eyes of medical school faculties, which, in turn, has led to a failure of these self-same individuals to lend support to a program of therapeutic research through funds from the National Institutes of Health. This, in turn, has led to a shortage of trained investigators for therapeutic
Visualization of Adrenocortical Carcinoma Lung Metastases with lodine-131 Labeled 6B-iodomethylnorcholesterol (NP-59)
Authors: CATHERINE K. CHOW, HARVEY A. ZIESSMAN, JERRY M. EARLL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

This case report describes visualization of lung metastases secondary to adrenocortical carcinoma using I-131 labeled 6B-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) in a 26-year-old woman with a recurrence of bushing's syndrome one year following surgical removal of the primary tumor.
Effect of the Hewitt keratinizing epidermal carcinoma on cell proliferation in different organs of the host mouse and in human psoriatic skin cultured in diffusion chambers
Authors: ARJA-LEENA KARINIEMI, T. RYTOMAA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Incorporation of 3H-thymidine into different squamous epithelia and other tissues was studied in mice bearing the Hewitt keratinizing epidermal carcinoma with a raised epidermal chalone content in the body. The results showed that DNA synthesis in the tumour-bearing mice was inhibited strongly in the epithelium of the ear (c.80%), moderately in the epithelium of the back skin and the foot (c.55%), and weakly in the epithelium of the tongue and the cornea (c.25%). These inhibitions appear to be specific in nature, because cell proliferation was not detectably affected in the sebaceous gland, intestinal epithelium, bone marrow, and thymus lymphocytes. Thymus size, however, was reduced in the tumour-bearing mice compared with controls, and 3H-thymidine uptake was depressed in the spleen and to some extent also in the lymph nodes, possibly owing to non-specific stress. Labelling index of human psoriatic epidermis was suppressed in diffusion-chamber cultures carried by the tumour-bearing host mice compared with controls. However, this reaction was probably not specific in nature, because the labelling index of mouse bone-marrow cells was also decreased when grown in tumour-bearing animals.