tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role for CD4+ CD25+ Regulatory T Cells in Reactivation of Persistent Leishmaniasis and Control of Concomitant Immunity
Authors: Susana Mendez, Stacie K. Reckling, Ciriacco A. Piccirillo, David Sacks, Yasmine Belkaid
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Reactivation of dormant infections causes an immense burden of morbidity and mortality in the world at large. Reactivation can occur as a result of immunosuppression, environmental insult, or aging; however, the cause of reactivation of such infections is often not clear. We have previously shown that persistence of the parasite Leishmania major is controlled by endogenous CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T (T reg) cells. In this report, we show that despite efficient parasite clearance at secondary sites of infection, Leishmania superinfection can cause disease reactivation at the primary site. Our results strongly suggest that T reg cells, whose numbers increase in sites of reactivation, are directly responsible for such reactivation. Depletion of CD25+ cells at the time of secondary challenge prevented disease reactivation at the site of persistent infection while strengthening the expression of immunity at the site of secondary challenge. Finally, transfer of T reg cells purified from infected mice into chronically infected mice was sufficient to trigger disease reactivation and prevent the expression of an effector memory response. Our results demonstrate that after persistence is achieved, an equilibrium between T reg cells and effector lymphocytes, which can be disturbed by superinfection, controls the efficiency of recall immune responses and disease reactivation.
Disease activity and health status in rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control comparison between Norway and Lithuania
Authors: J Dadoniene
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Objective:</b> To compare disease characteristics and health status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from two countries, Norway and Lithuania. <b>Methods:</b> Patients were recruited from the RA registers in Vilnius (Lithuania) and Oslo (Norway). For each patient from Vilnius, a patient matched for age and sex from the Oslo register was selected. Sociodemographic characteristics, disease process, and health status were compared between the patient groups. <b>Results:</b> 201 Lithuanian patients and 201 Norwegian patients were included. Mean (SD) age in both groups was 55.9 (10.0) years, and 83% were women. Patients from Lithuania were less often employed (27% <i>v</i> 42%; p=0.001), had higher disease activity expressed by the disease activity score (DAS28; mean (SD) 5.3 (1.0) <i>v</i> 4.4 (1.4); p&lt;0.001), had worse physical function by the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (MHAQ; mean (SD) 2.3 (0.8) <i>v</i> 1.6 (0.5); p&lt;0.001), had more often comorbidity (73% <i>v</i> 53%; p&lt;0.001) and they reported worse general health measured by Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36; mean (SD) 23.2 (13.5) <i>v</i> 44.5 (21.3); p&lt;0.001). The proportions of patients who had used disease modifying drugs were similar, but the pattern of use differed. <b>Conclusion:</b> Important differences in employment, disease activity, physical function, and self reported health status were observed in patients with RA from two northern European countries. Socioeconomic inequalities, differences in disease management, and access to specialised health care, as well as methodological issues regarding instruments and data collection are likely explanations. These data support the view that management of RA should be adapted to country-specific needs.
Long-term residence of a graft is an insufficient stimulus for the induction of tolerance. Investigating the role of cyclosporine in class I-disparate heart grafts in the rat.
Authors: S M Lim, D J White
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

This study demonstrates that the induction of tolerance is possible across a class I only antigenic barrier that fails to produce heart graft rejection. However, the long-term residence alone of such a graft per se, does not necessarily lead to the establishment of systemic tolerance in the recipient. The important finding in this study with regard to the biology of allograft tolerance, is that while the class I antigen provides the stimulus, its presence alone is not sufficient for the induction of tolerance; indeed, the action of the Cyclosporine A (CyA) is a necessary adjunct to its induction.
Flipping the switches: CD40 and CD45 modulation of microglial activation states in HIV associated dementia (HAD)
Authors: Jon Salemi, Demian F Obregon, Anthony Cobb, Spenser Reed, Edin Sadic, Jingji Jin, Francisco Fernandez, Jun Tan, Brian Giunta
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2011)

Microglial dysfunction is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of a number of neurodegenerative disorders including HIV associated dementia (HAD). HIV promotion of an M1 antigen presenting cell (APC) - like microglial phenotype, through the promotion of CD40 activity, may impair endogenous mechanisms important for amyloid- beta (Aβ) protein clearance. Further, a chronic pro-inflammatory cycle is established in this manner. CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor which negatively regulates CD40L-CD40-induced microglial M1 activation; an effect leading to the promotion of an M2 phenotype better suited to phagocytose and clear Aβ. Moreover, this CD45 mediated activation state appears to dampen harmful cytokine production. As such, this property of microglial CD45 as a regulatory "off switch" for a CD40-promoted M1, APC-type microglia activation phenotype may represent a critical therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of neurodegeneration, as well as microglial dysfunction, found in patients with HAD.
Bilateral recurrent haemorrhagic pleural effusion in asymptomatic chronic pancreatitis.
Authors: S C Tewari, R Jayaswal, M S Chauhan, S K Kaul, V A Narayanan
Journal: Thorax (1989)

In a case of bilateral recurrent haemorrhagic pleural effusion due to asymptomatic pancreatitis the diagnosis was suggested by the presence of amylase in the pleural fluid when other possible causes had been excluded. Abdominal computed tomography and laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis. No communications could be seen between the peritoneal and pleural space at laparotomy.
The phenotype of TNF receptor-associated autoinflammatory syndrome (TRAPS) at presentation: a series of 158 cases from the Eurofever/EUROTRAPS international registry
Authors: H J Lachmann, R Papa, K Gerhold, L Obici, I Touitou, L Cantarini, J Frenkel, J Anton, I Kone-Paut, M Cattalini, B Bader-Meunier, A Insalaco, V Hentgen, R Merino, C Modesto, N Toplak, R Berendes, S Ozen, R Cimaz, A Jansson, P A Brogan, P N Hawkins, N Ruperto, A Martini, P Woo, M Gattorno
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the genetic findings, demographic features and clinical presentation of tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated autoinflammatory syndrome (TRAPS) in patients from the Eurofever/EUROTRAPS international registry. <h3>Methods</h3> A web-based registry collected retrospective data on patients with <i>TNFRSF1A</i> sequence variants and inflammatory symptoms. Participating hospitals included paediatric rheumatology centres and adult centres with a specific interest in autoinflammatory diseases. Cases were independently validated by experts in the disease. <h3>Results</h3> Complete information on 158 validated patients was available. The most common <i>TNFRSF1A</i> variant was R92Q (34% of cases), followed by T50M (10%). Cysteine residues were disrupted in 27% of cases, accounting for 39% of sequence variants. A family history was present in 19% of patients with R92Q and 64% of those with other variants. The median age at which symptoms began was 4.3 years but 9.1% of patients presented after 30 years of age. Attacks were recurrent in 88% and the commonest features associated with the pathogenic variants were fever (88%), limb pain (85%), abdominal pain (74%), rash (63%) and eye manifestations (45%). Disease associated with R92Q presented slightly later at a median of 5.7 years with significantly less rash or eye signs and more headaches. Children were more likely than adults to present with lymphadenopathy, periorbital oedema and abdominal pains. AA amyloidosis has developed in 16 (10%) patients at a median age of 43 years. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this, the largest reported case series to date, the genetic heterogeneity of TRAPS is accompanied by a variable phenotype at presentation. Patients had a median 70 symptomatic days a year, with fever, limb and abdominal pain and rash the commonest symptoms. Overall, there is little evidence of a significant effect of age or genotype on disease features at presentation.
Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Cell Mobilization by Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rasmus Sejersten Ripa, Mandana Haack-Sørensen, Yongzhong Wang, Erik Jørgensen, Steen Mortensen, Lene Bindslev, Tina Friis, Jens Kastrup
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) after myocardial infarction does not affect systolic function when compared with placebo. In contrast, intracoronary infusion of bone marrow cells appears to improve ejection fraction. We aimed to evaluate the G-CSF mobilization of subsets of stem cells.We included 78 patients (62 men; 56+/-8 years) with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous intervention <12 hours after symptom onset. Patients were randomized to double-blind G-CSF (10 microg/kg/d) or placebo. Over 7 days, the myocardium was exposed to 25x10(9) G-CSF mobilized CD34+ cells, compared with 3x10(9) cells in placebo patients (P<0.001); and to 4.9x10(11) mesenchymal stem cells, compared with 2.0x10(11) in the placebo group (P<0.001). The fraction of CD34+ cells/leukocyte increased during G-CSF treatment (from 0.3+/-0.2 to 1.1+/-0.9 x10(-3), P<0.001 when compared with placebo), whereas the fraction of putative mesenchymal stem cells/leukocyte decreased (from 22+/-17 to 14+/-11 x10(-3), P=0.01 when compared with placebo). An inverse association between number of circulating mesenchymal stem cells and change in ejection fraction was found (regression coefficient -6.8, P=0.004), however none of the mesenchymal cell subtypes analyzed, were independent predictors of systolic recovery.The dissociated pattern for circulating CD34+ and mesenchymal stem cells could be attributable to reduced mesenchymal stem cell mobilization from the bone marrow by G-CSF, or increased homing of mesenchymal stem cells to the infarcted myocardium. The inverse association between circulating mesenchymal stem cells and systolic recovery may be of clinical importance and should be explored further.
Plasma Sphingolipids Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Phenotypes
Authors: Russell P. Bowler, Sean Jacobson, Charmion Cruickshank, Grant J. Hughes, Charlotte Siska, Daniel S. Ory, Irina Petrache, Jean E. Schaffer, Nichole Reisdorph, Katerina Kechris
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occurs in a minority of smokers and is characterized by intermittent exacerbations and clinical subphenotypes such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Although sphingolipids as a class are implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD, the particular sphingolipid species associated with COPD subphenotypes remain unknown.To use mass spectrometry to determine which plasma sphingolipids are associated with subphenotypes of COPD.One hundred twenty-nine current and former smokers from the COPDGene cohort had 69 distinct sphingolipid species detected in plasma by targeted mass spectrometry. Of these, 23 were also measured in 131 plasma samples (117 independent subjects) using an untargeted platform in an independent laboratory. Regression analysis with adjustment for clinical covariates, correction for false discovery rate, and metaanalysis were used to test associations between COPD subphenotypes and sphingolipids. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to test associations between sphingolipid gene expression and plasma sphingolipids.Of the measured plasma sphingolipids, five sphingomyelins were associated with emphysema; four trihexosylceramides and three dihexosylceramides were associated with COPD exacerbations. Three sphingolipids were strongly associated with sphingolipid gene expression, and 15 sphingolipid gene/metabolite pairs were differentially regulated between COPD cases and control subjects.There is evidence of systemic dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism in patients with COPD. Subphenotyping suggests that sphingomyelins are strongly associated with emphysema and glycosphingolipids are associated with COPD exacerbations.
Antipyrine elimination as a dynamic test of hepatic functional integrity in obstructive jaundice.
Authors: G A McPherson, I S Benjamin, A R Boobis, M J Brodie, C Hampden, L H Blumgart
Journal: Gut (1982)

Antipyrine elimination was studied in 29 patients with obstructive jaundice Antipyrine half-lives calculated using plasma concentrations at four and 24 hours ('short antipyrine test') were significantly correlated with those calculated using six time points (p less than 0.001). Mean antipyrine half-life was 28.3 +/- 8 hours (standard error) and was significantly longer than in normal subjects (p less than 0.001). Antipyrine half-life did not correlate with standard biochemical liver function tests, but correlated positively with the postoperative half-time for clearance of endogenous bilirubin (p less than 0.05), and negatively with hepatic cytochrome P-450 content measured in peroperative liver biopsies (p less than 0.05). Of six patients with antipyrine half-life greater than 20 hours, four died, one preoperatively of gastrointestinal haemorrhage and three postoperatively of sepsis. Serial short antipyrine tests were performed in 13 patients before and after biliary drainage. Those with an initial antipyrine half-life greater than 15 hours showed significant changes after drainage, while those with an antipyrine half-life less than 15 hours did not. The test of antipyrine half-life may aid in selecting high risk patients with obstructive jaundice for percutaneous biliary drainage before definitive surgery, and in determining the optimal time for such preliminary biliary decompression.
Catamenial pleural pain
Authors: K Horsfield
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1989)

A case of recurrent pleural pain without pneumothorax, thought to be due to pulmonary endometriosis, is presented. The pain was associated with the menstrual periods, remitted when the patient was sterilised, recurred when she was given oestrogens, and finally disappeared when the oestrogen was stopped. The presentation of pulmonary endometriosis, with pleural pain but no pneumothorax, should be added to those previously described in the literature.
REPERFUSION INJURY AFTER LIVER PRESERVATION FOR TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: John J. Lemasters and, Ronald G. Thurman
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1997)

▪ Abstract Preservation injury remains an obstacle to greater utilization of liver transplantation therapy. Livers can be preserved a maximum of 24 h in University of Wisconsin solution. After longer times, reperfusion precipitates endothelial cell killing and activation of Kupffer cells (liver macrophages). Together, Kupffer cell activation and endothelial cell killing cause microcirculatory disturbances, leukocyte and platelet adhesion, and a systemic inflammatory response after graft implantation. Down-regulation of Kupffer cells with calcium blockers or pentoxifylline improves graft survival, whereas priming with lipopolysaccharide or alcohol worsens survival. Flushing grafts after storage with Carolina rinse solution containing antioxidants, adenosine, calcium blocker, energy substrates, and glycine at pH 6.5 decreases endothelial cell killing, reduces Kupffer cell activation, and improves graft survival. Understanding of the roles of different cells in storage/reperfusion injury forms the basis for strategies to prolong organ storage, improve graft function, and reduce failure of fatty grafts from alcoholic donors.
Significant Levels of Sequence Divergence and Gene Rearrangements have Occurred Between the Mitochondrial Genomes of the Wild Mulberry Silkmoth, Bombyx mandarina, and its Close Relative, the Domesticated Silkmoth, Bombyx mori
Authors: Kenji Yukuhiro, Hideki Sezutsu, Masanobu Itoh, Koichi Shimizu, Yutaka Banno
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

The metazoan mitochondrial (mt) genome is typically a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule between 14 and 18 kb in size.This molecule encodes 37 genes: 13 protein genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes (Wolstenholme 1992).The order of these genes varies among metazoans (Boore 1999).The mt genomes of 14 insects have been completely sequenced.These include (1) seven flies (Diptera), Drosophila yakuba (Clary and Wolstenholme 1985-X03240), D. melanogaster (Lewis, Farr, and Kaguni 1995-U37541), D. mauritiana, D. sechellia, D. simulans (Ballard 2000-AF200830 and AF200831 for D.
Reproductive Safety of Second-Generation Antipsychotics: Current Data From the Massachusetts General Hospital National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics
Authors: Lee S Cohen, Adele C Viguera, Kathryn A McInerney, Marlene P Freeman, Alexandra Z Sosinsky, Danna Moustafa, Samantha P Marfurt, Molly A Kwiatkowski, Shannon K Murphy, Adriann M Farrell, David Chitayat, Sonia Hernández-Díaz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

Second-generation antipsychotics are used to treat a spectrum of psychiatric illnesses in reproductive-age women. The National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics was established to determine the risk of major malformations among infants exposed to second-generation antipsychotics during pregnancy relative to a comparison group of unexposed infants of mothers with histories of psychiatric morbidity.Women were prospectively followed during pregnancy and the postpartum period; obstetric, labor, delivery, and pediatric medical records were obtained. Eligible enrollees were pregnant women ages 18-45. The Registry is based at the Center for Women's Mental Health at Massachusetts General Hospital. Women were recruited through provider referral, self-referral, and the Center's web site.As of December 2014, 487 women were enrolled: 353 who used second-generation antipsychotics and 134 comparison women. Medical records were obtained for 82% of participants. A total of 303 women had completed the study and were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Of 214 live births with first-trimester exposure to second-generation antipsychotics, three major malformations were confirmed. In the control group (N=89), one major malformation was confirmed. The absolute risk of major malformations was 1.4% for exposed infants and 1.1% for unexposed infants. The odds ratio for major malformations comparing exposed infants with unexposed infants was 1.25 (95% CI=0.13-12.19).The results suggest that it would be unlikely for second-generation antipsychotics to raise the risk of major malformations more than 10-fold beyond that observed in the general population or among control groups using other psychotropic medications. If the estimate stabilizes around the null with ongoing data collection, findings may be reassuring for both clinicians and women trying to make risk-benefit treatment decisions about using atypical antipsychotics during pregnancy. These findings are timely given the renewed focus of regulatory agencies on reproductive safety.
A CASE OF RITTER'S DISEASE
Authors: R. McD. Cairns
Journal: BMJ (1923)

RITTER'S DISEASE.left iliac fossa, but this was not so severe nor did it ra(liate else.where.She had had two miscarriages.On examination (by Dr. Tenison Collins) the uterus was found to be anteverted, the right tube was very much thickened anid extremely teid(ler on palpation, and there was shortening of the right broad ligament.The left tube was thickened, but not to such a degree, nor was it so tender.Case 3.-A married woman, aged 40, suffered from abdominal pain for nineteen years.A week before admission to hospital she complained of very severe pain which started in the right iliac fossa and passed down the right thigh to the knee.She was tender over the whole of the lower abdomen.At operation (by Professor Ewen Maclean) free purulent fluid was found.The right tube was thickened and dis'ended with pus.There was a condition of general inflammation in the pelvis, involving the appendix and the left tube, which was secondlary to the right tube.Case 4.-A married woman, aged 45, multipara, had her last
Graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic transplantation from HLA-identical sibling with antithymocyte globulin–based reduced-intensity preparative regimen
Authors: Mohamad Mohty, Jacques-Olivier Bay, Catherine Faucher, Bachra Choufi, Karin Bilger, Olivier Tournilhac, Norbert Vey, Anne-Marie Stoppa, Diane Coso, Christian Chabannon, Patrice Viens, Dominique Maraninchi, Didier Blaise
Journal: Blood (2003)
Role of Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 3 in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hiroshi Hirata, Yuji Hinoda, Koji Ueno, Shahana Majid, Sharanjot Saini, Rajvir Dahiya
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP) family plays an important role in the inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway in various cancers. The functional significance of Wnt antagonist sFRP3 has not been investigated in renal cancer. We performed tissue microarray and found that the level of sFRP3 protein was high in normal kidney, low in primary renal cancer tissues, and high in metastatic renal cancer tissues. Therefore, we hypothesized that sFRP3 may play an important role in metastatic renal cancer. To test this hypothesis, we performed a series of experiments to determine the role of sFRP3 using primary and metastatic renal cancer cell lines. Functional analysis showed increased numbers of viable and invaded cells and tube formation and decreased numbers of apoptotic cells in the sFRP3-transfected renal cancer cell line A498. Promotion of tumor growth was also observed in nude mice injected with sFRP3-transfected A498 cells. In contrast, the number of viable cells and invasive cells was decreased in sFRP3 mRNA knockdown metastatic cells (ACHN and Hs891.T). To investigate the mechanism of sFRP3 function, we performed microarray analysis to see which genes were upregulated or downregulated by sFRP3 expression. Among these genes, MMP-3 and ANGPT1 were significantly upregulated in sFRP3-transfected cells. In conclusion, this is the first report to show that sFRP3 expression promotes cell growth, invasion, and inhibition of apoptosis in renal cancer cells. Cancer Res; 70(5); 1896–905