tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Written action plans for asthma: an evidence-based review of the key components
Authors: P G Gibson, H Powell
Journal: Thorax (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Written action plans for asthma facilitate the early detection and treatment of an asthma exacerbation. Several versions of action plans have been published but the key components have not been determined. A study was undertaken to determine the impact of individual components of written action plans on asthma health outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> Randomised controlled trials (n = 26) that evaluated asthma action plans as part of asthma self-management education were identified. Action plans were classified as being individualised and complete if they specified when and how to increase treatment (n = 17), and as incomplete (n = 4) or non-specific (n = 5) if they did not include these instructions. <b>Results:</b> For individualised complete written action plans the use of 2–4 action points and the use of both inhaled (ICS) and oral (OCS) corticosteroid consistently improved asthma outcomes. Action points based on personal best peak expiratory flow (PEF) consistently improved health outcomes while those based on percentage predicted PEF did not. The efficacy of incomplete action plans was inconclusive because of insufficient data. Non-specific action plans led to improvements in knowledge and symptoms. <b>Conclusion:</b> Individualised written action plans based on personal best PEF, using 2–4 action points, and recommending both ICS and OCS for treatment of exacerbations consistently improve asthma health outcomes. Other variations appear less beneficial or require further study. These observations provide a guide to the types of variations possible with written action plans, and strongly support the use of individualised complete written action plans.
Synergistic induction of local glucocorticoid generation by inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids: implications for inflammation associated bone loss
Authors: K Kaur, R Hardy, M M Ahasan, M Eijken, J P van Leeuwen, A Filer, A M Thomas, K Raza, C D Buckley, P M Stewart, E H Rabbitt, M Hewison, M S Cooper
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Objectives Synovial fibroblasts and osteoblasts generate active glucocorticoids by means of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme. This activity increases in response to proinflammatory cytokines or glucocorticoids. During inflammatory arthritis synovium and bone are exposed to both these factors. This study hypothesised that glucocorticoids magnify the effects of inflammatory cytokines on local glucocorticoid production in both synovium and bone. Methods The effects of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β/tumour necrosis factor alpha; TNFα) and glucocorticoids, alone or combined, were assessed on the expression and activity of 11β-HSD1 in primary synovial fibroblasts, primary human osteoblasts and MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. A range of other target genes and cell types were used to examine the specificity of effects. Functional consequences were assessed using IL-6 ELISA. Results In synovial fibroblasts and osteoblasts, treatment with cytokines or glucocorticoids in isolation induced 11β-HSD1 expression and activity. However, in combination, 11β-HSD1 expression, activity and functional consequences were induced synergistically to a level not seen with isolated treatments. This effect was seen in normal skin fibroblasts but not foreskin fibroblasts or adipocytes and was only seen for the 11β-HSD1 gene. Synergistic induction had functional consequences on IL-6 production. Conclusions Combined treatment with inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids synergistically induces 11β-HSD1 expression and activity in synovial fibroblasts and osteoblasts, providing a mechanism by which synovium and bone can interact to enhance anti-inflammatory responses by increasing localised glucocorticoid levels. However, the synergistic induction of 11β-HSD1 might also cause detrimental glucocorticoid accumulation in bone or surrounding tissues.
Effect of tolazoline hydrochloride on sputum viscosity in cystic fibrosis
Authors: E. A. Feather, G. Russell
Journal: Thorax (1970)

Comparisons have been made between the effects of autonomic dysfunction and the pathophysiological changes in the exocrine secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis (Roberts, 1959). Cotton (1966) found that administration of tolazoline hydrochloride (an alpha-adrenergic blocker) to patients with cor pulmonale in the terminal stages of cystic fibrosis was associated with an improvement in the results of their lung function tests. This effect might have been due to an alteration of the abnormal viscosity of the bronchial mucus mediated via the autonomic nervous system, thus permitting easier expectoration. Measurement, by means of a Ferranti-Shirely cone and plate viscometer, of several different aspects of sputum viscosity is described. Tolazoline hydrochloride, administered to five patients with cystic fibrosis, was shown not to differ significantly from a placebo in its effect on sputum viscosity and dynamic lung volumes. We could not relate the improved lung function seen in Cotton9s series to an autonomic effect of the drug on the physical properties of bronchial mucus in this condition.
Charge and Hydrophobicity Effects of NIR Fluorophores on Bone-Specific Imaging
Authors: Kai Bao, Khaled A Nasr, Hoon Hyun, Jeong Heon Lee, Julien Gravier, Summer L Gibbs, Hak Soo Choi
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

Recent advances in near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging enabled real-time intraoperative detection of bone metastases, bone growth, and tissue microcalcification.Pamidronate (PAM) has been widely used for this purpose because of its high binding affinity toward bone and remarkable therapeutic effects.Herein we describe the development of a series of PAM-conjugated NIR fluorophores that varied in net charges and hydrophobicity, and compared their bone targeting efficiency, biodistribution, and blood clearance.Since the targeting moiety, PAM, is highly negatively charged but small, the overall in vivo bone targeting and biodistribution were mediated by the physicochemical properties of conjugated fluorophores.
An evaluation of P0.1 measured in mouth and oesophagus, during carbon dioxide rebreathing in COPD
Authors: M W Elliott, D A Mulvey, M Green, J Moxham
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

The pressure generated 100 ms after the onset of an occluded inspiratory effort (P0.1) is advocated and used as a measure of respiratory centre drive. We have re-examined P0.1, measured simultaneously in the mouth (Pmo0.1) and the oesophagus (Poes0.1), during carbon dioxide rebreathing, in eight patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to see whether either indicates central respiratory drive. Pmo0.1 was identical to Poes0.1 in 4 out of 61, greater than Poes0.1 in 18 out of 61, and less than Poes0.1 in 39 out of 61 measurements (overall Poes0.1-Pmo0.1, median +0.075, range -0.175 to +1.01 kPa). Within a rebreathing run in an individual patient, there was considerable variability in the relationship Pmo0.1/Poes0.1 (0.89 +/- 0.24), coefficient of variation (CoV%) 14.4 +/- 3.7%), in the end-expiratory oesophageal pressure (0.7 +/- 0.54 kPa, CoV% 105 +/- 106%), and in the time delay between the onset of a fall in oesophageal pressure (Poes) from the end-expiratory level to the beginning of inspiration, defined as starting when mouth pressure (Pmo) fell below atmospheric pressure (129 +/- 25 ms, CoV% 22.5 +/- 5.3%). We conclude that the problem of determining the true onset of inspiratory muscle activity from pressure data, and the likelihood that breaths are taken from different lung volumes, make it unlikely that Poes0.1 accurately represents central respiratory drive during rebreathing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Furthermore, Pmo0.1 differed from Poes0.1 during rebreathing, and their relationship was not constant, so that Pmo0.1 is even less likely to be a useful reflection of central nervous system output or respiratory centre drive in such patients.
CC Chemokine Receptor (CCR)4 and the CCR10 Ligand Cutaneous T Cell–attracting Chemokine (CTACK) in Lymphocyte Trafficking to Inflamed Skin
Authors: Yvonne Reiss, Amanda E. Proudfoot, Christine A. Power, James J. Campbell, Eugene C. Butcher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

The chemokine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC; CCL17) is displayed by cutaneous (but not intestinal) venules, and is thought to trigger vascular arrest of circulating skin homing memory T cells, which uniformly express the TARC receptor CC chemokine receptor (CCR)4. Cutaneous T cell–attracting chemokine (CTACK; CCL27), expressed by skin keratinocytes, also attracts cutaneous memory T cells, and is hypothesized to assist in lymphocyte recruitment to skin as well. Here we show that chronic cutaneous inflammation induces CD4 T cells expressing E-selectin binding activity (a marker of skin homing memory cells) in draining lymph node, and that these E-selectin ligand+ T cells migrate efficiently to TARC and to CTACK. In 24 h in vivo homing assays, stimulated lymph node T cells from wild-type mice or, surprisingly, from CCR4-deficient donors migrate efficiently to inflamed skin; and an inhibitory anti-CTACK antibody has no effect on wild-type lymphocyte recruitment. However, inhibition with anti-CTACK monoclonal antibody abrogates skin recruitment of CCR4-deficient T cells. We conclude that CTACK and CCR4 can both support homing of T cells to skin, and that either one or the other is required for lymphocyte recruitment in cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity.
Rupture of the Normal Stomach during Oxygen Therapy by Nasal Catheter
Authors: ARTURO LONGOBARDI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

Brief Communication1 December 1961Rupture of the Normal Stomach during Oxygen Therapy by Nasal CatheterA Brief Report of Three Cases and a Simple Means of Preventing This DisasterARTURO LONGOBARDI, M.D., DAVID W. RUGGLES, M.D., ALEX M. BURGESS, M.D., F.A.C.P.ARTURO LONGOBARDI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID W. RUGGLES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALEX M. BURGESS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-55-6-1014 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRupture of the normal stomach due to sudden distention during oxygen therapy by insufflation through a nasal catheter is a rare but tragic occurrence. The patients receiving this type of treatment are, of course, suffering from a serious condition or the use of oxygen would not be indicated. The tear in the stomach or esophagus with sudden severe distention of the abdomen with oxygen and leakage of stomach contents may well be more than the ailing individual can tolerate as was the case in two of the three instances here reported. Three similar cases have recently been published (1).When...References1. WALSTADCONKLIN PMWS: Rupture of the normal stomach after therapeutic oxygen administration: report of three cases. New Engl. J. Med. 264: 1201, 1961. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WINELANDWATERS AJRM: Oxygen therapy: insufflation into oral pharynx. Arch. Surg. 22: 67, 1931. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ARTURO LONGOBARDI, M.D.; DAVID W. RUGGLES, M.D.; ALEX M. BURGESS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Providence, Rhode IslandRequests for reprints should be addressed to Alex M. Burgess, M.D., 107 Bowen Street, Providence, Rhode Island. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGastric Rupture following Nasopharyngeal Catheter Oxygen Delivery—A Report of Two CasesGastric rupture after nasopharyngeal oxygen administrationFLEXIBLE FIBEROPTIC LARYNGOSCOPY IN THE PEDIATRIC PATIENTRupture of the normal stomach after therapeutic oxygen administrationTension pneumoperitoneum and gastric rupture following cardiopulmonary resuscitationGastric Rupture Complicating Post-Extubation Laryngeal Edema and the Use of a Manual Resuscitation BagCaring for the Patient — A Thrice-Told Tale 1 December 1961Volume 55, Issue 6Page: 1014-1015KeywordsCathetersEsophagusOxygenStomach ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Micro-RNAs as Potential New Molecular Biomarkers in Oncology: Have They Reached Relevance for the Clinical Imaging Sciences?
Authors: Frank Berger, Maximilian F. Reiser
Journal: Theranostics (2013)

Minimally invasive biomarkers for early cancer detection and monitoring of personalized therapies are of high importance to further improve prognosis in oncological disease.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs in humans and play a key role in carcinogenesis.In recent years they have emerged as promising biomarkers in oncology.miRNA profiling has demonstrated its capacity for sub-classifying tumors and monitoring of therapeutic effects.Different expression profiles of miRNAs in cancer and the stability of circulating miRNAs potentially provide a clinically accessible molecular monitoring tool of malignant tissues and its response to therapies.Clinical imaging including the modalities PET/CT and MRI is well established for characterizing tumor tissue and sub-classifying morphological, metabolic or vascular treatment response in cancer.Sophisticated clinical imaging biomarkers for cancer detection and monitoring should now been correlatively applied to further validate the potential of miRNAs as oncologic biomarkers for the clinic.
Preferential usage of the Fc receptor gamma chain in the T cell antigen receptor complex by gamma/delta T cells localized in epithelia.
Authors: H Ohno, S Ono, N Hirayama, S Shimada, T Saito
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

zeta and eta chains of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex and the gamma chain of Fc receptors (FcR gamma) constitute a family of proteins important for the expression of, and signal transduction through, these receptors in hematopoietic cells. In zeta-deficient mice, TCR expression was reduced in most T cells. By contrast, CD8 alpha alpha + TCR-gamma/delta + intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in these mice expressed a normal level of TCR. Biochemical analysis of the TCR complex in these cells from zeta-deficient as well as normal mice revealed the predominant usage of FcR gamma. Furthermore, gamma/delta + T cells in epithelia of the skin and female reproductive organs from zeta-deficient mice also showed relatively high TCR expression, indicating the usage of FcR gamma. These observations demonstrate the preferential usage of FcR gamma by gamma/delta + T cells localized in epithelia of normal mice.
Mastication of verruca vulgaris associated with esophageal papilloma: HPV-45 sequences detected in oral and cutaneous tissues
Authors: Sheri Lynn Ratoosh, Alan Paul Glombicki, Susanne G. Lockhart, Peter L. Rady, Robert Chin, Istvan Arany, Thomas K. Hughes, Stephen K. Tyring
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1997)
Reflex heart rate control via specific aortic nerve afferents in the rabbit.
Authors: M B Kardon, D F Peterson, V S Bishop
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Reflex bradycardia was elicited in rabbits via repetitive electrical stimulation of the central end of the sectioned left aortic nerve. Supramaximal stimulation produced a 16.9 plus or minus 1.3% (SE) increase in the R-R interval when vagal and sympathetic efferent pathways were intact. Reducing the stimulation voltage allowed selective stimulation of the myelinated (A) fibers, and polarizing electrodes placed central to the stimulus site permitted A fiber blockade and selective stimulation of the unmyelinated (C) fibers. When afferent A fibers were selectively stimulated, 64% of the maximum response was obtained; selective C fiber activation elicited 63% of the maximum observed response. Selective stimulation of A or C fibers after either vagotomy or stellectomy indicated that A fiber afferents elicit heart rate responses via both vagal and sympathetic efferents, whereas C fiber afferent information is mediated predominantly via vagal efferents. This afferent-efferent specificity of the aortic baroreceptor pathways suggests baroreceptor mechanisms normally used to modulate heart rate. Small increments in blood pressure would activate low-threshold A fibers and result in reciprocal changes in vagal and sympathetic efferent activity. More substantial increases in blood pressure would activate afferent C fibers and produce additional heart rate effects via vagal efferents.
Skin-derived interleukin-7 contributes to the proliferation of lymphocytes in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kei-ichi Yamanaka, Rachael Clark, Benjamin Rich, Rebecca Dowgiert, Kazuki Hirahara, Daniel Hurwitz, Michio Shibata, Nina Mirchandani, David A. Jones, Deborah S. Goddard, Sara Eapen, Hitoshi Mizutani, Thomas S. Kupper
Journal: Blood (2005)
Diminished contractile response to increased heart rate in intact human left ventricular hypertrophy. Systolic versus diastolic determinants.
Authors: C P Liu, C T Ting, W Lawrence, W L Maughan, M S Chang, D A Kass
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Experimental studies indicate that in addition to diastolic dysfunction, hypertrophied myocardium can display depressed contractile responses, particularly at rapid heart rates, compounding reserve limitations. This study tests whether such abnormalities exist in intact human subjects at physiological paced rates and, if so, whether they are linked to simultaneous rate-dependent deterioration in diastolic function. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and 8 normal control subjects were studied. Most LVH patients presented with dyspnea and/or pulmonary edema and had concentric hypertrophy. Since rapid pacing simultaneously alters cardiac filling volumes and pressures, pressure-volume relation analysis was used to better define changes in contractile response. Patients were instrumented with a conductance catheter and micromanometer for pressure-volume data recording and a balloon occluder at the right atrial-inferior vena caval junction to vary filling and thus generate function relations. Data were obtained at baseline and at three atrial pacing rates (100, 120, 150 min-1). In addition, single-beat force-interval data were used to indirectly examine calcium cycling kinetics. LVH subjects demonstrated baseline diastolic abnormalities, including prolonged relaxation, elevated end-diastolic pressure, and reduced chamber compliance. However, systolic function was similar to that in control subjects. With rapid pacing, normal subjects displayed a positive contractile response, whereas this was markedly diminished in LVH subjects. With abrupt termination of pacing and return to slower sinus rhythm, LVH subjects displayed greater initial potentiation followed by a more rapid decline than control subjects, suggesting abnormalities of calcium handling. Despite contractile abnormalities, diastolic function did not further deteriorate with rapid pacing and thus did not appear to be tightly linked to the systolic changes. CONCLUSIONS Pacing stress in intact human LVH can result in systolic impairment superimposed on preexisting but not worsened diastolic dysfunction. Abnormal calcium handling probably contributes prominently to this response.
Diet and drinking habits in relation to the development of alcoholic pancreatitis.
Authors: J S Wilson, L Bernstein, C McDonald, A Tait, D McNeil, R C Pirola
Journal: Gut (1985)

To determine whether increased intakes of fat and protein or particular drinking habits are associated with the development of alcoholic pancreatitis, a dietary study has been conducted. Patients with clinically evident alcoholic pancreatitis were compared with individuals with clinically evident alcoholic cirrhosis with respect to dietary and drinking habits before the onset of clinical illness. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding intake of nutrients, drinking habits or type of alcoholic beverage consumed.
Unexpected Association between Induction of Immunity to the Universal Tumor Antigen CYP1B1 and Response to Next Therapy
Authors: John G. Gribben, David P. Ryan, Richard Boyajian, Robert G. Urban, Mary L. Hedley, Kathleen Beach, Patrick Nealon, Ursula Matulonis, Susana Campos, Timothy D. Gilligan, Paul G. Richardson, Blossom Marshall, Donna Neuberg, Lee M. Nadler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: The carcinogen activator cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is expressed on almost all human tumors with rare expression on normal tissues. Anti-CYP1B1–specific T cells kill CYP1B1-expressing tumors, providing the rationale to examine CYP1B1 as a target for immunotherapy. Experimental Design: ZYC300, a plasmid DNA of CYP1B1 encapsulated in biodegradable poly-dl-lactide-coglycolide microparticles, was used in a phase I clinical trial to treat 17 patients with advanced stage, progressive cancer. ZYC300 was administered i.m. at a fixed dose of 400 μg every other week for up to 12 doses. Results: Thirteen patients received six vaccinations and five received all 12 doses. No significant adverse events were observed. Six patients developed immunity to CYP1B1, three of whom developed disease stabilization. All but 1 of 11 patients who did not develop immunity to CYP1B1 progressed and did not respond to salvage therapy. Five patients who developed immunity to CYP1B1 required salvage therapy for progressive metastatic disease and showed marked response to their next treatment regimen, most of which lasted longer than 1 year. Conclusions: The association between immunity to CYP1B1 and response to next salvage therapy was not expected. Because six of the seven patients who had clinical benefit regardless of the nature of salvage therapy had developed immunity to CYP1B1, it seems highly unlikely that this occurred by chance alone. Regardless of the mechanism(s) that induced tumor regression, these findings force us to rethink how the generation of antitumor immunity might be integrated into the treatment of cancer.
A Decade of Tissue Microarrays: Progress in the Discovery and Validation of Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Robert L. Camp, Veronique Neumeister, David L. Rimm
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

This year, 2008, marks the 10-year anniversary of the development of the modern tissue microarray (TMA). During the last decade, the use of TMAs has grown steadily and accounts for a small but increasing percentage of all cancer biomarker studies performed. The growing popularity of TMA-based studies attests to their benefits in the discovery and validation of new biomarkers. This review will focus on these benefits, but also on the faults of TMAs and the challenges of TMA studies that have been overcome in the last decade. We will also discuss the role of TMAs in the latest revolution in cancer treatment, the use of targeted drug therapy.