tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life, Growth, and Spiritual Well-Being After Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation
Authors: Michael A. Andrykowski, Michelle M. Bishop, Elizabeth A. Hahn, David F. Cella, Jennifer L. Beaumont, Marianne J. Brady, Mary M. Horowitz, Kathleen A. Sobocinski, J. Douglas Rizzo, John R. Wingard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To examine health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and growth, and spiritual well-being in adult survivors of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) for a malignant disease.HSCT survivors (n = 662) were recruited through the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry/Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry and were drawn from 40 transplantation centers. HSCT survivors completed a telephone interview and a set of questionnaires a mean of 7.0 years post-HSCT (range, 1.8 to 22.6 years). Study measures included a variety of standardized measures of HRQOL and growth and spiritual well-being. An age- and sex-matched healthy comparison (HC) group (n = 158) was recruited using a peer nomination method. The HC group completed a parallel telephone interview and set of questionnaires.Multivariate analysis of variance analyses found the HSCT survivor group reported poorer status relative to the HC group for all HRQOL outcome clusters including physical health, physical functioning, social functioning, psychological adjustment, and dyadic adjustment. In contrast, the HSCT survivor group reported more psychological and interpersonal growth. Mean effect size for the 24 outcome indices examined was 0.36 standard deviations, an effect size often considered clinically meaningful or important. The largest group differences were found for measures of general health, physical function and well-being, depression, cognitive function, and fatigue.The experience of HSCT for a malignant disease has a wide-ranging, longstanding, and profound impact on adult recipients. Relative to healthy controls, HSCT survivors reported poorer physical, psychological, and social functioning but, conversely, more psychological and interpersonal growth, differences that appeared to persist many years after HSCT.
Risk Model for Severe Anemia Requiring Red Blood Cell Transfusion After Cytotoxic Conventional Chemotherapy Regimens
Authors: I. Ray-Coquard, A. Le Cesne, M. T. Rubio, J. Mermet, C. Maugard, A. Ravaud, C. Chevreau, C. Sebban, T. Bachelot, P. Biron, J. Y. Blay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1999)

PURPOSE: Cancer patients frequently experience anemia as a consequence of myelosuppressive therapy or bone marrow invasion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A risk model for chemotherapy-induced severe anemia requiring RBC transfusions (SARRT) within 31 days after the administration of chemotherapy was delineated in the cohort of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy in the Department of Medicine of Centre Léon Bérard in 1996 (CLB-1996). The risk model was tested on a series of 797 patients treated in 1997 (CLB-1997) and on 295 patients included in a multicenter prospective series (ELYPSE 1). RESULTS: One hundred seven of the 1,051 patients of the CLB-1996 cohort (10%) experienced SARRT. In univariate analysis, only female sex, performance status greater than 1, hemoglobin level less than 12 g/dL before chemotherapy on day 1 (d1), and d1 lymphocyte count ≤ 700/μL significantly correlated with the risk of SARRT. Using logistic regression, d1 hemoglobin level less than 12 g/dL (odds ratio [OR] = 14.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7 to 30), performance status greater than 1 (OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.5), and d1 lymphocyte count ≤ 700/μL (OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.6) were identified as independent risk factors for SARRT. These three factors were given arbitrary risk coefficients of 3, 1, and 1 respectively, and a risk score for each individual patient was obtained by adding the coefficients. The calculated probability of RBC transfusions was 30% for patients with a score ≥ 4, and 11%, 4%, and 1% in patients with a score of 2 or 3, 1, and 0 respectively. This model was then tested and validated in the CLB-1997 and ELYPSE 1 series. CONCLUSION: This risk index could be useful to identify patients at high risk for chemotherapy-induced SARRT who might be appropriate candidates for prophylactic erythropoietin treatment.
The new tobacco?
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2004)

aving seen a newspaper excerpt from Charlotte Moore's account of her autistic sons, some parents wrote to complain that she had neglected the "grittier realities" of life as a single parent caring for children with autism.In fact, the book reveals a household smeared with excrement, olive oil, and ketchup, and details all manner of bizarre behaviours.What seems to have rankled is that Moore describes her family in a positive and often humorous way, and that she does not seem to feel sorry for herself.
Intraoperative ventilator settings and acute lung injury after elective surgery: a nested case control study
Authors: E R Fernandez-Perez, J Sprung, B Afessa, D O Warner, C M Vachon, D R Schroeder, D R Brown, R D Hubmayr, O Gajic
Journal: Thorax (2008)

While acute lung injury (ALI) is among the most serious postoperative pulmonary complications, its incidence, risk factors and outcome have not been prospectively studied.To determine the incidence and survival of ALI associated postoperative respiratory failure and its association with intraoperative ventilator settings, specifically tidal volume.Prospective, nested, case control study.Single tertiary referral centre.4420 consecutive patients without ALI undergoing high risk elective surgeries for postoperative pulmonary complications.Incidence of ALI, survival and 2:1 matched case control comparison of intraoperative exposures.238 (5.4%) patients developed postoperative respiratory failure. Causes included ALI in 83 (35%), hydrostatic pulmonary oedema in 74 (31%), shock in 27 (11.3%), pneumonia in nine (4%), carbon dioxide retention in eight (3.4%) and miscellaneous in 37 (15%). Compared with match controls (n = 166), ALI cases had lower 60 day and 1 year survival (99% vs 73% and 92% vs 56%; p<0.001). Cases were more likely to have a history of smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes, and to be exposed to longer duration of surgery, intraoperative hypotension and larger amount of fluid and transfusions. After adjustment for non-ventilator parameters, mean first hour peak airway pressure (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.15 cm H(2)O) but not tidal volume (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.84 to 1.26 ml/kg), positive end expiratory pressure (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.77 to 1.04 cm H(2)O) or fraction of inspired oxygen (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03) were associated with ALI.ALI is the most common cause of postoperative respiratory failure and is associated with markedly lower postoperative survival. Intraoperative tidal volume was not associated with an increased risk for early postoperative ALI.
Dominance of Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells in Human Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Martina Sester, Urban Sester, Barbara C. Ga[Combining Diaeresis]rtner, Matthias Girndt, Andreas Meyerhans, Hans Ko[Combining Diaeresis]hler
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. Cellular immune responses are of high importance in initiating and maintaining immunity against virus infections. Whereas the cellular immune response during persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is well assessable, the individual contribution of CD4 and CD8 T cell responses during primary infection has not been described. A novel whole-blood assay, which relies on the flow-cytometric detection of antigen-induced cytokine expression, was used to characterize CMV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses during primary infection of CMV seronegative recipients of a renal allograft from a CMV seropositive donor. These T cell responses were compared with long-term CMV-positive patients with known history of transplantation-related seroconversion. Results were further correlated to CMV load and serum IgG and IgM. The long-term seroconverted patients consistently showed a dominant CMV-specific CD4 T cell response (median frequencies: CD4, 1.12% [range, 0.35 to 8.10%] <i>versus</i> CD8 0.13% [range, &lt;0.05 to 0.55%]). In contrast, during primary infection, the cellular immune response is strongly dominated by CMV-specific CD8 T cells (median peak frequencies: CD4, 1.24% [range, 0.21 to 1.60%] <i>versus</i> CD8, 2.47% [range, 1.34 to 6.67%]). Upon receipt of ganciclovir, viral load as well as CMV-specific CD8 responses decreased. The frequency of the respective CD4 T cells fluctuated during decrease of CMV load and became dominant over CMV-specific CD8 T cell responses. These results are consistent with the view of an effective direct antiviral activity of CD8 T cells, which is most critical during periods of high viremia. Later on during persistent infection, CD4 T cells dominate the immune response to support the state of antiviral immunity. E-mail: inhkoe@uniklinik-saarland.de
Lipid Rafts and Caveolin-1 Are Required for Invadopodia Formation and Extracellular Matrix Degradation by Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hideki Yamaguchi, Yukiko Takeo, Shuhei Yoshida, Zen Kouchi, Yoshikazu Nakamura, Kiyoko Fukami
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Invadopodia are ventral membrane protrusions through which invasive cancer cells degrade the extracellular matrix. They are thought to function in the migration of cancer cells through tissue barriers, which is necessary for cancer invasion and metastasis. Although many protein components of invadopodia have been identified, the organization and the role of membrane lipids in invadopodia are not well understood. In this study, the role of lipid rafts, which are cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains, in the assembly and function of invadopodia in human breast cancer cells was investigated. Lipid rafts are enriched, internalized, and dynamically trafficked at invadopodia sites. Perturbation of lipid raft formation due to depleting or sequestering membrane cholesterol blocked the invadopodia-mediated degradation of the gelatin matrix. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a resident protein of lipid rafts and caveolae, accumulates at invadopodia and colocalizes with the internalized lipid raft membranes. Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), a matrix proteinase associated with invadopodia, is localized at lipid raft-enriched membrane fractions and cotrafficked and colocalized with Cav-1 at invadopodia. The small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of Cav-1 inhibited the invadopodia-mediated and MT1-MMP-dependent degradation of the gelatin matrix. Furthermore, Cav-1 and MT1-MMP are coexpressed in invasive human breast cancer cell lines that have an ability to form invadopodia. These results indicate that invadopodia are the sites where enrichment and trafficking of lipid rafts occur and that Cav-1 is an essential regulator of MT1-MMP function and invadopodia-mediated breast cancer cell invasion.
Characterization of the severe asthma phenotype by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Severe Asthma Research Program
Authors: Wendy C. Moore, Eugene R. Bleecker, Douglas Curran-Everett, Serpil C. Erzurum, Bill T. Ameredes, Leonard Bacharier, William J. Calhoun, Mario Castro, Kian Fan Chung, Melissa P. Clark, Raed A. Dweik, Anne M. Fitzpatrick, Benjamin Gaston, Mark Hew, Iftikhar Hussain, Nizar N. Jarjour, Elliot Israel, Bruce D. Levy, James R. Murphy, Stephen P. Peters, W. Gerald Teague, Deborah A. Meyers, William W. Busse, Sally E. Wenzel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE WITH LOW-FREQUENCY POSITIVE-PRESSURE VENTILATION AND EXTRACORPOREAL REMOVAL OF CO2
Authors: L. Gattinoni, A. Pesenti, G.P. Rossi, S. Vesconi, U. Fox, T. Kolobow, A. Agostoni, A. Pelizzola, M. Langer, L. Uziel, F. Longoni, G. Damia
Journal: The Lancet (1980)
High postoperative risk after pneumonectomy in elderly patients with right-sided lung cancer
Authors: J.P. van Meerbeeck, R.A.M. Damhuis, M.L. Vos de Wael
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The present study investigated postoperative mortality (POM), its predictors and relationship with long-term survival in patients who underwent surgery for lung cancer. The 30-day mortality after thoracotomy in 1,830 patients from the Flemish multicentre hospital-based lung cancer registry was analysed according to patient, tumour, treatment and hospital characteristics and compared with 5-yr survival figures for the same patients. Overall POM was 4.4%. In univariate analysis age, extent of surgery and low hospital volume were associated with a higher POM. In multiple regression analysis age, extent of surgery and side of the pneumonectomy proved to be independent predictors of POM. In patients aged >70 yrs who underwent right-sided pneumonectomy POM was 17.8%. Overall, mortality was comparable to published series from referral centres. Age and extent of resection are the main predictors of postoperative mortality in lung-cancer patients. In the operable elderly patient, age alone does not justify denying the survival benefit experienced by resection of lung cancer. The high mortality after right-sided pneumonectomy in elderly patients warrants caution, as the treatment benefit may become marginal.
Mammaglobin Is Associated With Low-Grade, Steroid Receptor-Positive Breast Tumors From Postmenopausal Patients, and Has Independent Prognostic Value for Relapse-Free Survival Time
Authors: Paul N. Span, Esmé Waanders, Peggy Manders, Joop J.T.M. Heuvel, John A. Foekens, Mark A. Watson, Louk V.A.M. Beex, Fred C.G.J. Sweep
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

The tumor mRNA expression levels of mammaglobin, a novel breast-specific and breast cancer-associated marker, were correlated with disease outcome in 280 patients with primary breast cancer.Mammaglobin expression levels were assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in frozen tumor tissue from breast cancer patients with a median age of 60 years (range, 30 to 88 years) and a median follow-up of 85 months (range, 2 to 169 months).High expression levels were associated with low-grade tumors (P =.018), with positive estrogen and progesterone receptor status (P <.001), and postmenopausal status (P =.010). In the analysis of all patients, low tumor mammaglobin expression levels predicted an early relapse both in Cox univariate (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.79; P =.002) and multivariate regression analyses corrected for the traditional prognostic factors (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.88; P =.012). The association of mammaglobin expression with the rate of relapse was particularly favorable in patients who received adjuvant tamoxifen treatment (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.71; P =.004).These results demonstrate that the assessment of the tumor mRNA expression level of the breast-specific protein mammaglobin could be useful to stratify patients for individual adjuvant treatment strategies.
Altered natural killer cell subset distributions in resolved and persistent hepatitis C virus infection following single source exposure
Authors: L Golden-Mason, L Madrigal-Estebas, E McGrath, M J Conroy, E J Ryan, J E Hegarty, C O'Farrelly, D G Doherty
Journal: Gut (2008)

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells may be impaired in patients with persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but studies to date have yielded inconsistent findings due to patient and virus heterogeneity and difficulties obtaining appropriate controls. Aims: To overcome these variables, we have examined numbers, phenotypes, cytotoxic activities and cytokine profiles of circulating NK cells from Irish women who acquired infection through administration of HCV genotype 1b-contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin from a single source and matched controls. Results: Comparing 29 women who developed persistent infection with 21 who spontaneously resolved infection and 26 controls, we found that NK cell numbers were consistently lower in the persistently infected group (p = 0.02 and 0.002). This decrease was due to depletions of NK cells expressing low levels of CD56 (CD56dim NK cells; p = 0.004 and 0.0001), whilst CD56bright NK cells were expanded (p = 0.004 and 0.0001). Compared to HCV resolvers, CD56dim NK cells from persistently infected patients less frequently expressed CD16 and more frequently expressed NKG2A/C/E. These phenotypic changes did not significantly affect natural or interleukin-2-induced cytotoxicity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells against K562 and Daudi targets. Greater frequencies of CD56bright NK cells from chronic HCV patients produced interferon-γ compared with HCV responders (p = 0.05) and controls (p = 0.0001) after phorbol ester stimulation in vitro. Conclusions: Alterations in NK subset distributions in chronic HCV infection may explain why previous reports of impaired NK cell functions were difficult to confirm. Altered NK cell functions may contribute to impaired cellular immune responses and chronicity of disease following HCV infection.
Apes and angels: Adaptationism versus Panglossianism
Authors: Aurelio José Figueredo, Mark J. Landau, Jon A. Sefcek
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The “straw man” prior expectation of the dominant social psychology paradigm is that humans should behave with perfect rationality and high ethical standards. The more modest claim of evolutionary psychologists is that humans have evolved specific adaptations for adaptive problems that were reliably present in the ancestral environment. Outside that restricted range of problems, one should not expect optimal behavior.
High level of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in blister fluid and sera of patients with bullous pemphigoid
Authors: T. Kakinuma, M. Wakugawa, K. Nakamura, H. Hino, K. Matsushima, K. Tamaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by eosinophilia and high serum IgE levels. The accumulated evidence suggests that various cytokines are involved in the lesional skin of patients with BP. Recently, thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17), a CC chemokine, was identified as a selective chemoattractant for CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)‐expressing cells. Objective In this study, we examined the involvement of TARC in patients with BP. Methods We determined the fluid and serum TARC levels in patients with BP by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and compared the serum TARC levels with the eosinophil numbers in peripheral blood. We also compared the serum TARC levels in five patients with BP before and after they were treated. Moreover, we examined TARC, CCR4 and CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) expression in the lesional skin of patients with BP by immunohistochemical procedures. Furthermore, we measured CCR4 positivity in CD4+ CD45RO+ cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with BP and healthy control subjects. Results The fluid TARC levels in patients with BP were significantly higher than those in blisters from burn patients or suction blisters of healthy control subjects. The serum TARC levels in patients with BP were also significantly higher than those in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients and healthy control subjects, and decreased after the treatment. The serum TARC levels in patients with BP significantly correlated with the eosinophil numbers in peripheral blood (r = 0·72, P < 0·002). Immunohistochemistry showed a strong reactivity of TARC in the epidermal keratinocytes (KCs) of BP. Moreover, both CCR4 and CXCR3 were expressed on the dermal infiltrating CD4+ T cells mainly beneath the bullae of patients with BP. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis showed a higher percentage of CCR4 positivity in CD4+ CD45RO+ cells of PBMCs in patients with BP than that in healthy control subjects, while there was no significant difference of CXCR3 positivity in CD4+ CD45RO+ cells of PBMCs between patients with BP and healthy control subjects. Conclusions These findings strongly suggest that TARC may be one of the important chemokines that are involved in the pathogenesis of BP.
Measurement of in vivo rectal mucosal cytokine and eicosanoid production in ulcerative colitis using filter paper
Authors: E Carty
Journal: Gut (2000)

Excessive mucosal generation of cytokines and eicosanoids has been reported in vitro in ulcerative colitis (UC) using traumatising biopsy techniques, and in vivo using time consuming rectal dialysis.To validate a simple filter paper technique to profile rectal mucosal production of cytokines and eicosanoids in vivo in patients with UC compared with controls.Forty one patients with UC (21 with active disease) and 16 controls were studied.In vitro, recovery of known concentrations of cytokine or mediator applied to filter papers was measured by ELISA following incubation in buffer. In vivo, patients and controls had filter papers apposed to the rectal mucosa briefly through a rigid sigmoidoscope. Filter papers were then incubated prior to assay by ELISA.In vitro validation studies showed that the filter paper technique could be used to measure mucosal release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)), and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), but not interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Mucosal release of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TXB(2) and PGE(2) were significantly increased in active UC (p=0.001) and correlated directly with disease activity (p=0.02).The filter paper technique confirmed increased rectal mucosal release of cytokines and eicosanoids in UC, in proportion to disease activity. The simplicity, safety and speed of the technique make it a practicable option for use in the outpatient clinic to study the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, and potentially its response to treatment.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces sinus tachycardia and coronary vasoconstriction in the canine heart
Authors: Atsushi Sugiyama, Yutaka Yatomi, Yukio Ozaki, Keitaro Hashimoto
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a naturally occurring biologically active lysophospholipid. Recent studies suggested that sphingosine 1-phosphate is released into the blood flow from activated platelets upon stimulation to exert multiple biological phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate on sinus automaticity, ventricular contraction and coronary blood flow. Methods: The canine isolated, blood-perfused sinoatrial node and papillary muscle preparations were used. Results: Sphingosine 1-phosphate increased the sinoatrial rate, while it decreased the coronary blood flow, which was followed by a weak negative inotropic effect. These positive chronotropic and coronary vasoconstrictor effects were not attenuated by the β- and α-adrenoceptor antagonists atenolol and prazosin, respectively. Furthermore, sphingosine 1-phosphate did not affect the adenylate cyclase activity of the membrane preparations made from the canine right atrium and right ventricle, indicating the involvement of a novel signaling pathway in sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced cardiac effects. Conclusions: These results may provide a clue to better understanding the physiological as well as the pathophysiological regulation of sphingosine 1-phosphate in the heart.