tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Physiological Basis of Reflux Oesophagitis in Sliding Hiatal Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: J. A. Aylwin
Journal: Thorax (1953)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Undernutrition rates remain high in rural, low-income settings, where large, gender-based inequities persist. We hypothesised that increasing gender equity in agriculture could improve nutrition. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a systematic review to assess the associations between gender-based inequities (in income, land, livestock, and workloads) and nutrition, diets and food security outcomes in agricultural contexts of low-income and middle-income countries. Between 9 March and 7 August 2018, we searched 18 databases and 14 journals, and contacted 27 experts. We included quantitative and qualitative literature from agricultural contexts in low-income and middle-income countries, with no date restriction. Outcomes were women’s and children’s anthropometric status, dietary quality and household food security. We conducted meta-analyses using random-effects models. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 19 820 records, of which 34 studies (42 809 households) met the inclusion criteria. Most (22/25) quantitative studies had a high risk of bias, and qualitative evidence was of mixed quality. Income, land and livestock equity had heterogeneous associations with household food security and child anthropometric outcomes. Meta-analyses showed women’s share of household income earned (0.32, 95% CI −4.22 to 4.86; six results) and women’s share of land owned (2.72, 95% CI -0.52 to 5.96; three results) did not increase the percentage of household budget spent on food. Higher-quality studies showed more consistently positive associations between income equity and food security. Evidence is limited on other exposure–outcome pairings. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We find heterogeneous associations between gender equity and household-level food security. High-quality research is needed to establish the impact of gender equity on nutrition outcomes across contexts. <h3>PROSPERO registration number</h3> CRD42018093987.
Effect of coronary occlusion during percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in humans on left ventricular chamber stiffness and regional diastolic pressure-radius relations
Authors: William Wijns, Patrick W. Serruys, Cornelis J. Slager, Joerg Grimm, Hans P. Krayenbuehl, Paul G. Hugenholtz, Otto M. Hess
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Extreme Positive Selection on a New Highly-Expressed Larval Glycoprotein (LGP) Gene in Galaxias Fishes (Osmeriformes: Galaxiidae)
Authors: L. J. Wallis, G. P. Wallis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

We describe the intron–exon structure and DNA/protein sequences of a new larval glycoprotein (LGP) gene from nine species of galaxiid fish. The gene has a distant similarity to Danio THP (Tamm–Horsfall urinary glycoprotein; uromodulin) and cichlid SPP120 (seminal plasma glycoprotein) due to conserved features of its zona pellucida (ZP) domain, including eight highly conserved cysteines and a consensus furin cleavage site. Using a combination of 454 sequencing of cDNA and exon-primed intron-spanning sequencing of genomic DNA, we obtained full sequences of the coding region (996 bp) and its intervening sequences (1,459 bp). LGP shows an exceptionally strong signal of positive selection over the entire coding region, as evidenced by dN/dS values >1. Across nine species of Galaxias, 87/332 (26%) amino acid residues are variable, compared with 9/386 (2%) for mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) in the same group of species. Across 36 interspecific pairwise comparisons, genetic distances are in all cases larger for coding region than for introns, by a factor of 2.4-fold on average. Reading frame, gene structure, splice sites, and many ZP motifs are conserved across all species. Together with the fact that the gene is expressed in all species, these results argue clearly against the possibility of a pseudogene. We show by 454 sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction that the transcript is abundant (ca. 0.5%) in newly hatched larvae and appears to be almost absent from a range of adult tissues. We postulate that the strong Darwinian evolution exhibited by this protein may reflect some type of immunoprotection at this vulnerable larval stage.
Pharmacological treatment of COPD in the on-sint cohort
Authors: Lucía Marín Barrera, Cecilia López Ramírez, José Luis López-Campos, Carmen Calero Acuña, Alberto Fernández-Villar, Cristina Represas Represas, Cristina Ramos Hernández, Ricard Casamor
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

OBJECTIVE:Describe pharmacological treatment of COPD in patients included in the On-Sint cohort, both when diagnosed and at present.  METHODS:Retrospective,multicenter observational study where patient data were collected from single medical visit and by reviewing medicals records.The cohort On-Sint was formed by adult COPD patients,smokers or ex-smokers(≥10 packs-years),who were regularly followed-up by 263 primary care physicians(PC) or 93 Pulmonologists(P).We describe and compare the pharmacological treatment(by therapeutic groups)that patients received upon diagnosis and at present stratified by the GOLD classification.Quantitative data expressed as mean(standard deviation)  RESULTS:1214 patients met inclusion criteria(age of 66.4(9.7)years,78.7% male,857(70.6%)by PC).The average time interval from diagnosis to inclusion was 8(7.2)years.The different therapeutic group that each patient received upon diagnosis and at present according to 2010 GOLD stages,is indicated in the table.  CONCLUSIONS:On-Sint cohort has detected an increase in the use of LABD and ICS,although the indication seems to be more consistent with the functional severity.Mucolytics are still excessively used.The use of all groups of treatment is lower for those with unknown GOLD stage.
Impact of Visit-to-Visit Glycemic Variability on the Risks of Macrovascular and Microvascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: The ADVANCE Trial
Authors: Yoichiro Hirakawa, Hisatomi Arima, Sophia Zoungas, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Mark Cooper, Pavel Hamet, Giuseppe Mancia, Neil Poulter, Stephen Harrap, Mark Woodward, John Chalmers
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

There is no consensus on the importance of visit-to-visit glycemic variability in diabetes. Therefore, we assessed the effects of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) in HbA1c and fasting glucose on major outcomes in the ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation) trial.ADVANCE was a factorial randomized controlled trial of intensive glucose control and blood pressure lowering in patients with type 2 diabetes. VVV in the intensive glucose treatment group was defined using the SD of five measurements of HbA1c and glucose taken 3-24 months after randomization. Outcomes were combined macro- and microvascular events and all-cause mortality occurring post 24 months. Sensitivity analyses were performed using other indices of variability and in the standard glucose treatment group.Among 4,399 patients in the intensive group, an increase in VVV of HbA1c was associated with an increased risk of vascular events (P = 0.01) and with mortality (P < 0.001): highest versus lowest tenth hazard ratio (95% CI) 1.64 (1.05-2.55) and 3.31 (1.57-6.98), respectively, after multivariable adjustment. A clear association was also observed between VVV of fasting glucose and increased risk of vascular events (P < 0.001; 2.70 [1.65-4.42]). HbA1c variability was positively associated with the risk of macrovascular events (P = 0.02 for trend), whereas glucose variability was associated with both macro- and microvascular events (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001 for trend, respectively). Sensitivity analyses using other indices, and patients in the standard glucose treatment group, were broadly consistent with these results.Consistency of glycemic control is important to reduce the risks of vascular events and death in type 2 diabetes.
Single Exhaled Breath Metabolomic Analysis Identifies Unique Breathprint in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Michael A. Samara, W.H. Wilson Tang, Frank Cikach, Zeynep Gul, Lily Tranchito, Kelly M. Paschke, Jamie Viterna, Yuping Wu, Daniel Laskowski, Raed A. Dweik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Non-invasive aneuploidy detection using free fetal DNA and RNA in maternal plasma: recent progress and future possibilities
Authors: A. T. J. I. Go, J. M. G. van Vugt, C. B. M. Oudejans
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2010)

Cell-free fetal DNA (cff DNA) and RNA can be detected in maternal plasma and used for non-invasive prenatal diagnostics. Recent technical advances have led to a drastic change in the clinical applicability and potential uses of free fetal DNA and RNA. This review summarizes the latest clinical developments in non-invasive prenatal diagnosis in the context of the latest technical developments. We searched PubMed with the search terms 'prenatal', 'non-invasive', 'fetal DNA', 'mRNA' and cross-referenced them with 'diagnostics', 'microRNA', 'aneuploidy', 'trisomy' and 'placenta'. We also searched the reference list of the articles identified by this search strategy. Genome-wide methods have been, or can be, successfully applied on total DNA (DNA-seq), methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (with tiling array), microRNA (Megaplex) and total RNA (RNA-seq). Chromosome- or gene-specific assays have been successively applied on placenta RNA (allele ratio) or DNA multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). These methods are reviewed for their merits and pitfalls with consideration of the placental biology. For the purpose of clarity, the technical and clinical characteristics are limited to non-invasive prenatal detection of chromosomal aneuploidies, with emphasis on trisomy 21. The technical advances for non-invasive aneuploidy tests based on cff DNA and placental mRNA in maternal plasma have been enormous. Multimarker assays including genome-wide approaches with the option of qualitative information on variation (polymorphism or mutation) besides quantitative information are the preferred methods of choice. The time for population-based, double blind, large-scale clinical cohort trials has come.
Dose-response relationship of inhaled budesonide in adult asthma: a meta-analysis
Authors: M. Masoli, S. Holt, M. Weatherall, R. Beasley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

The aim of this study was to examine the dose-response relationship of inhaled budesonide in adolescents and adults with asthma. A meta-analysis was carried out on placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trials, presenting data on at least one outcome measure of asthma and using at least two doses of budesonide, delivered by turbuhaler or metered-dose inhaler+spacer twice daily. A total of six studies of 1,435 adolescents and adults, with mild to moderately severe asthma, met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. A negative exponential model indicated that 80% of the benefit at 1,600 µg·day −1 was achieved at doses of ∼200–400 µg·day −1 and 90% by 300–600 µg·day −1 . Meta-regression with a quadratic term in dose showed that the maximum effect was obtained with doses of ∼1,000 µg·day −1 . In conclusion, the available published data indicate that, in adolescents and adults with mild to moderate asthma, most of the therapeutic benefit of budesonide delivered by turbuhaler or metered-dose inhaler+spacer is achieved with a dose of ∼400 µg·day −1 and the maximum effect is achieved at ∼1,000 µg·day −1 . This conclusion is qualified by the recognition that there is considerable individual variability in the response to inhaled corticosteroids and that the subjects included in this meta-analysis had predominantly mild to moderate asthma.
Targeted Disruption of <i>hesr2</i> Results in Atrioventricular Valve Anomalies That Lead to Heart Dysfunction
Authors: Hiroki Kokubo, Sachiko Miyagawa-Tomita, Hirofumi Tomimatsu, Yasumi Nakashima, Makoto Nakazawa, Yumiko Saga, Randy L. Johnson
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Genes involved in the Notch signaling pathway have been shown to be critical regulators of cardiovascular development. In vitro studies have revealed that the Notch signaling pathway directly regulates transcription of hairy and enhancer of split-related (hesr) genes, encoding basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. To assess the functional role of hesr genes in cardiovascular development, we generated mice with a targeted disruption of the hesr2 gene and used echocardiography to analyze heart function of the mutant mice. In the early postnatal period, a majority of hesr2 homozygous mice die as a result of congestive heart failure accompanied by pronounced heart enlargement. Transthoracic echocardiography on 5-day-old homozygous mice revealed tricuspid and mitral valve regurgitation and a dilated left ventricular chamber with markedly diminished fractional shortening of the left ventricle. The hemodynamic anomalies were accompanied by morphological changes, such as dysplastic atrioventricular (AV) valves, a perimembranous ventricular septal defect, and a secundum atrial septal defect. AV valve regurgitations attributable to dysplasia of the AV valves were most likely responsible for the heart dysfunction in hesr2 homozygous mice. These observations indicate that the Notch signaling target hesr2 plays an important role in the formation and function of the AV valves. In addition, hesr2 activity may be important for proper development of cardiomyocytes, thereby assuring normal left ventricular contractility. Because of the unique spectrum of cardiac anomalies expressed by hesr2-null mice, they represent a useful model system for elucidating the genetic basis of heart dysfunction.
PREDICTIVE IMPACT OF SOLUBLE FMS-LIKE TYROSINE KINASE-1 FOR LONG-TERM CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Takaki Matsumoto, Shiro Uemura, Masaru Matsui, Ayako Senoo, Yukiji Takeda, Kenji Onoue, Yoshihiko Saito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Nitric Oxide Dependency of Arterial Pressure–Induced Changes in Renal Interstitial Hydrostatic Pressure in Dogs
Authors: Dewan S. A. Majid, Karim E. Said, Sophia A. Omoro, L. Gabriel Navar
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

A direct relationship between renal arterial pressure (RAP) and renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure (RIHP) has been shown under conditions of efficient renal blood flow autoregulation. Experiments were performed in six anesthetized dogs to evaluate whether these RIHP responses to changes in RAP were modified during nitric oxide (NO) inhibition with nitro-L-arginine (NLA) or after administration of NO donor agents. A microtip catheter transducer was placed underneath the renal capsule to measure RIHP. Stepwise reductions in RAP (140 to 80 mm Hg) during control conditions resulted in decreases in RIHP from its basal value of 4.7+/-1.1 mm Hg with a slope of 0.04+/-0.026 mm Hg. mm Hg(-)(1) along with decreases in urinary nitrate/nitrite excretion rate (U(NOx)V). Renal cortical and medullary blood flows, measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry, exhibited high autoregulatory efficiency over this RAP range. The changes in RIHP during alterations in RAP were positively correlated (r=0.743; P:<0.001) with the changes in U(NOx)V but not with cortical or medullary blood flow. NLA infusion decreased RIHP to 1.9+/-0.5 mm Hg and also reduced U(NOx)V from 1.8+/-0.2 to 0.9+/-0.01 nmol. min(-)(1). g(-)(1). Infusion of NO donors restored RIHP (4.3+/-0.9 mm Hg) and U(NOx)V (1.5+/-0.2 nmol. min(-)(1). g(-)(1)). During NLA infusion, the RIHP responses to reductions in RAP were markedly attenuated and were not restored even during constant-rate infusion of NO donors. The results suggest that changes in RIHP in response to alterations in RAP are associated with changes in intrarenal NO, suggesting a direct effect of NO to regulate RIHP.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Calcifying Tendonitis of the Rotator Cuff
Authors: Ludger Gerdesmeyer, Stefan Wagenpfeil, Michael Haake, Markus Maier, Markus Loew, Klaus Wörtler, Renee Lampe, Romain Seil, Gerhart Handle, Susanne Gassel, Jan D. Rompe
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been used to treat calcific tendonitis of the shoulder, but trials of ESWT for this purpose have had methodological deficiencies and thus there is limited evidence for its effectiveness.To determine whether fluoroscopy-guided ESWT improves function, reduces pain, and diminishes the size of calcific deposits in patients with chronic calcific tendonitis of the shoulder.Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted between February 1997 and March 2001 among 144 patients (of 164 screened) recruited from referring primary care physicians, orthopedic surgeons, and sports physicians in 7 orthopedic departments in Germany and Austria.Either high-energy ESWT, low-energy ESWT, or placebo (sham treatment). The 2 ESWT groups received the same cumulative energy dose. Patients in all 3 groups received 2 treatment sessions approximately 2 weeks apart, followed by physical therapy.The primary end point was the change in the mean Constant and Murley Scale (CMS) score from baseline to 6 months after the intervention. Secondary end points were changes in the mean CMS scores at 3 and 12 months, as well as changes in self-rated pain and radiographic change in size of calcific deposits at 3, 6, and 12 months.Of 144 patients enrolled, all completed treatment as randomized and 134 completed the 6-month follow-up. Both high-energy and low-energy ESWT resulted in significant improvement in the 6-month mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) CMS score compared with sham treatment (high-energy ESWT: 31.0 [26.7-35.3] points; low-energy ESWT: 15.0 [10.2-19.8] points; sham treatment: 6.6 [1.4-11.8] points; P<.001 for both comparisons). Patients who received high-energy ESWT also had significant 6-month CMS improvements compared with those who received low-energy ESWT (P<.001). We found similar results for both the 3-month and 12-month CMS comparisons, as well as for self-rated pain and radiographic changes at 3, 6, and 12 months.Both high-energy and low-energy ESWT appeared to provide a beneficial effect on shoulder function, as well as on self-rated pain and diminished size of calcifications, compared with placebo. Furthermore, high-energy ESWT appeared to be superior to low-energy ESWT.
Transmembrane activator and calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor mutations in common variable immunodeficiency: Clinical and immunologic outcomes in heterozygotes
Authors: Li Zhang, Lin Radigan, Ulrich Salzer, Timothy W. Behrens, Bodo Grimbacher, George Diaz, James Bussel, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Dreams, Dollars, and Deeds
Authors: C. John Tupper
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Thank you for your warm reception and for honoring me by choosing me to be your president. I am especially appreciative since 1990 is a year whose beginning marks a new decade and whose end will mark a new millennium. I want to share with you a challenge, a charge, and a vision—a uniquely American vision of access to quality health care for every citizen of this great country. It is a vision that will lead our health care system into the 21st century and whose ultimate realization will be based on three critical factors: dreams, dollars, and deeds. <h3>Dreams</h3> Let me begin with dreams. In many other countries throughout the world, most people do their dreaming at night, when they're asleep. But here in these United States, we know that success begins with a dream, so we dream with our eyes wide open. Our eyes set our sights on
Immune interferon and leukocyte-conditioned medium induce normal and leukemic myeloid cells to differentiate along the monocytic pathway.
Authors: B Perussia, E T Dayton, V Fanning, P Thiagarajan, J Hoxie, G Trinchieri
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Conditioned medium from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human leukocytes contains a factor that can induce promyelocytic cell lines and certain acute myelogenous leukemia cells to differentiate along the monocytic pathway. In this report, we show that immature myeloid cells from normal bone marrow or the peripheral blood of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia can be induced to differentiate to monocyte-like cells by immune gamma interferon (IFN gamma). We have identified IFN gamma as the predominant differentiation factor contained in the conditioned medium. Purified or recombinant IFN gamma, but not various preparations of IFN alpha or beta, can induce monocytic differentiation in myeloid cells. In cultures containing conditioned medium, the cells fail to continue myeloid maturation, and are induced to express monocyte markers and functions, such as monocyte-specific surface antigens, HLA-DR antigens, Fc receptors for monomeric immunoglobulins, nonspecific esterase, and the ability to mediate antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Even myeloid cells as mature as metamyelocytes or band cells can be induced by IFN gamma to undergo monocyte differentiation, but monocyte-specific or HLA-DR antigens are not induced in mature neutrophils. These findings reveal a previously unknown, specific function of human IFN gamma and offer new insights to the regulation of monocyte recruitment and differentiation during a virus infection or immune response.
The risk of malignant melanoma, internal malignancy and mortality in xeroderma pigmentosum patients
Authors: J.S.C. ENGLISH, A.J. SWERDLOW
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Mortality and malignancy were studied in a series of 32 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum presenting during the period 1950-84. Twenty-nine of the patients were followed to the end of 1984 using the National Health Service Central Register, and hospital case records and correspondence with referring physicians; three patients had incomplete follow-up. Three of the patients developed malignant melanoma during follow-up, but none developed internal malignancy. Two males and one female died [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 971, P less than 0.05, for males; SMR = 1931, not significant, for females]. All three deaths were from non-malignant causes: severe neurological involvement with terminal infection. This high mortality from neurological complications in xeroderma pigmentosum patients contrasts with previously reported mortality, particularly from actinic-induced cutaneous tumours.