tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Altered Proliferation and Differentiation Properties of Primary Mammary Epithelial Cells from BRCA1 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Laura N. Burga, Nadine M. Tung, Susan L. Troyan, Mihnea Bostina, Panagiotis A. Konstantinopoulos, Helena Fountzilas, Dimitrios Spentzos, Alexander Miron, Yosuf A. Yassin, Bernard T. Lee, Gerburg M. Wulf
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Female BRCA1 mutation carriers have a nearly 80% probability of developing breast cancer during their life-time. We hypothesized that the breast epithelium at risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers harbors mammary epithelial cells (MEC) with altered proliferation and differentiation properties. Using a three-dimensional culture technique to grow MECs ex vivo, we found that the ability to form colonies, an indication of clonality, was restricted to the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-positive fraction in MECs but not in HCC1937 BRCA1-mutant cancer cells. Primary MECs from BRCA1 mutation carriers (n = 9) had a 28% greater ability for clonal growth compared with normal controls (n = 6; P = 0.006), and their colonies were significantly larger. Colonies in controls and BRCA1 mutation carriers stained positive for BRCA1 by immunohistochemistry, and 79% of the examined single colonies from BRCA1 carriers retained heterozygosity for BRCA1 (ROH). Colonies from BRCA1 mutation carriers frequently showed high epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression (71% EGFR positive versus 44% in controls) and were negative for estrogen receptor (ERalpha; 32% ER negative, 44% mixed, 24% ER positive versus 90% ER positive in controls). Expression of CK14 and p63 were not significantly different. Microarray studies revealed that colonies from BRCA1-mutant PMECs anticipate expression profiles found in BRCA1-related tumors, and that the EGFR pathway is up-regulated. We conclude that BRCA1 haploinsufficiency leads to an increased ability for clonal growth and proliferation in the PMECs of BRCA1 mutation carriers, possibly as a result of EGFR pathway activation. These altered growth and differentiation properties may render BRCA1-mutant PMECs vulnerable to transformation and predispose to the development of ER-negative, EGFR-positive breast cancers.
DETONATION OF HIGH EXPLOSIVE IN SHELL AND BOMB, AND ITS EFFECTS
Authors: D. D. Logan
Journal: BMJ (1939)

In the official Medical History of the War, in order to show how little novelty there is in warfare and to point out that mining dates back to remote antiquity, I quoted an ancient historian who described the use of asphyxiating gas in mining at the Siege of Ambracia in the year 189 B.C. On that occasion the Aetolians filled jars with feathers.These feathers were then set on fire and the resulting smoke blown by bellows into the faces of the Romans. 189B.C.! Yet the method adopted by the Germans more than a thousand years later was somewhat similar.In France, in 1917, a group of collieries in the Bethune district was one of the few remaining fields in active operation.Although one of the collieries, Fosse 8, in this very important mine system was in enemy hands, and all the shaft heads and the mining villages of Annequin, Vermelles, Philosophe.etc., had been frequently shelled, the French had been able to continue working.At the height of the submarine menace, when there was an urgent demand for coal by the French, the Germans made a determined effort to stop production in these collieries.Unfortunately the French had delayed building off FoEse 8, which was still used as a downcast shaft.Great quantities of chloropicrin gas were thrown down this shaft.Powerful fans, the modern development of the bellows used by the Aetolians, were installed in one of the collieries.These carried the gas to all quarters of the system, killing many French miners who wereb at work, and also members of a British tunnelling company who were on guard.The gas was so concentrated as to render respirators useless.Gas warfare, as it is understood to-day, is the natural evolution of the use of explosives and dates back to the sixteenth century, when gunpowder revolutionized warfare.With its introduction the possibilities of offensive mining in all phases of fortress warfare greatly increased.In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries gas poison'ing from the fumes of exploded gunpowder was of frequent occurrence.
Neurology and General Medicine: The Neurological Aspects of Medical Disorders
Authors: Maurice Victor
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This book will be of considerable interest to both internists and neurologists. It focuses on those categories of systemic disease that are, frequently or rarely, complicated by disorders of neurological function. From the internist's point of view, few, if any, important neurological complications have been omitted, and in practically all cases the discussions are sufficiently detailed to leave the reader with a balanced concept of the topic under consideration. The book will probably be of even greater value to neurologists for the simple reason that most disorders calling for neurological consultation are manifestations of diseases of organ systems other than the nervous system. This is, after all, the reason for insisting that at least one year of training in general medicine precede training in neurology. So great has been the expansion of knowledge in the medical specialties that even the general internist, let alone the neurologist, finds it difficult to
Conventional allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for lymphoma may overcome the poor prognosis associated with a positive FDG‐PET scan before transplantation
Authors: Akihide Yoshimi, Koji Izutsu, Miwako Takahashi, Shinichi Kako, Kumi Oshima, Yoshinobu Kanda, Toru Motokura, Shigeru Chiba, Toshimitsu Momose, Kuni Ohtomo, Mineo Kurokawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Abstract A positive scan in pretransplantation fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) has been shown to be associated with a poor prognosis in patients with lymphoma undergoing high‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). For those with a positive FDG‐PET scan, treatment that includes allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) may be an alternative. However, it is uncertain whether allo‐SCT can overcome a poor prognosis. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 14 patients with lymphoma who had undergone FDG‐PET scan within one month before allo‐SCT at our institution. Eleven patients were FDG‐PET‐positive and three were negative. With a median follow‐up of 17 months (range: 6–44) after allo‐SCT, the cumulative incidence of progression was 29.3% in FDG‐PET‐positive patients and 0% in the FDG‐PET‐negative patients. Four of the 11 patients who had post‐transplantation FDG‐PET showed FDG‐avid lesions on the first post‐transplantation scan. In two of the four, regression of the lesions was observed during the scheduled reduction of immunosuppressant without donor lymphocyte infusion and remained without progression at the last follow‐up (34 and 8 months). Durable responses after allo‐SCT, at least with conventional conditioning regimens, can be expected in patients with FDG‐PET‐positive lesions before transplantation. Thus, conventional allo‐SCT could be an attractive modality compared to ASCT for patients with positive FDG‐PET after the completion of conventional salvage chemotherapy, and particularly for patients with T and NK‐cell lymphomas. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
St. John Ambulance Air Wing.
Authors: D H Clark
Journal: BMJ (1973)

student" is not the one for whom both my patients and I are so grateful.A con- sultant responsible for a clinical service must accept a major responsibility for the calibre of his team and for delegation of duties to its members.He should learn as well as teach, and I am grateful for all that social workers have taught me concerning the difficulties and at times tragedies complicating the lives of patients.This information has proved vitally important in the planning of treatment and postoperative care.-Iam, etc.
Angiotensin Blockade in Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: Artur B. Ribeiro, Lawrence R. Krakoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Coarctation of the thoracic aorta is a well established cause of arterial hypertension. Participation of the renin-angiotensin system in the hypertension due to coarctation of the aorta has been suggested1 , 2 and denied.3 4 5 The availability of specific peptide antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system for clinical investigation permits direct assessment of the role of the renin-angiotensin system in clinical hypertension.6 7 8 The use of a competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II action, sarala1 8 angiotensin II (saralasin), has been successful in demonstrating the participation of the renin-angiotensin system in malignant and renovascular hypertension.6 , 7 We present observations on the use of saralasin in two patients with . . .
Bird flu's deadly effects may give clues to treatment
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The massive inflammation caused by the H5N1 strain of the avian influenza virus explains why the virus is so deadly, but it also provides clues to better treatments, experts say.

In a letter published online ahead of print publication on 10 September in Nature Medicine (www.nature.com/nm, doi: 10.1038/nm1477) the authors document how the immune systems of 18 Vietnamese people who contracted the infection in 2004/5 became stoked up to an extraordinary degree by the virus.

The Vietnamese doctors' comparison of these 18 people—13 of whom died—with eight patients with normal H3N2 or H1H1 human flu showed the extent …
Myocardial uptake and clearance of thallium-201 in normal subjects: Comparison of dipyridamole-induced hyperemia with exercise stress
Authors: Terrence D. Ruddy, John B. Gill, Dianne M. Finkelstein, H. William Strauss, Kenneth A. McKusick, Robert D. Okada, Charles A. Boucher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)
ATROPHIANS OR ATROPHICANS
Authors: E. Graham-Little
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1935)

Journal Article ATROPHIANS OR ATROPHICANS Get access E. Graham‐Little E. Graham‐Little Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 47, Issue 10, 1 October 1935, Page 440, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1935.tb09829.x Published: 01 October 1935
Short-term Anti-Ischemic Effect of 17β-Estradiol in Postmenopausal Women With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Giuseppe M.C. Rosano, Adriano Mendes Caixeta, Sergio Chierchia, Siguemituzo Arie, Miguel Lopez-Hidalgo, Wagner I. Pereira, Filippo Leonardo, Carolyn M. Webb, Fulvio Pileggi, Peter Collins
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Short-term administration of 17β-estradiol improves effort-induced myocardial ischemia in female patients with coronary artery disease. 17β-Estradiol also has direct and indirect coronary vascular smooth muscle relaxing properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of short-term administration of 17β-estradiol on pacing-induced myocardial ischemia by means of continuous monitoring of coronary sinus pH in 16 postmenopausal female patients with coronary artery disease. Methods and Results Patients underwent incremental atrial pacing starting at a rate of 100 bpm and increments of 20 bpm every 2 minutes up to 160 bpm before and 20 minutes after either 17β-estradiol (1 mg sublingual, 9 patients) or placebo (sublingual, 7 patients). The time to the onset of myocardial ischemia during pacing was significantly increased by 17β-estradiol (mean±SD, 254±36 versus 298±23 seconds; P &lt;.02) but not by placebo (262±45 versus 256±34 seconds; P =NS) The pH shift was significantly reduced by 17β-estradiol but not by placebo at every step of the pacing protocol. The maximum pH shift at peak pacing was significantly reduced by the administration of 17β-estradiol by 0.022 pH units (95% CI, 0.001, 0.043; P &lt;.04) but not by sublingual placebo (−0.002 pH units; 95% CI, −0.0073, 0.0021; P =NS). The maximum pH shift at maximum comparable pacing was also reduced by 17β-estradiol by 0.015 pH units (95% CI, 0.012, 0.017; P &lt;.001) but not by placebo (−0.0022 pH units; 95% CI, −0.006, 0.0015; P =NS). Conclusions 17β-Estradiol reduces the degree of pacing-induced myocardial ischemia in postmenopausal patients with coronary artery disease. The reduction of pacing-induced coronary sinus pH shift is consistent with an anti-ischemic effect of the hormone and is not due to preconditioning, as evidenced by the absence of improvement after placebo.
CONSTIPATION AND DEFECATION.
Authors: JOHN ASHBURTON CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

As some members complain of being written at over their heads, perhaps a few practical points as to the above may not be out of order. <i>Constipation</i>is largely due to lack of nerve force; this lack may be caused by many things and it is the physician's business to find out what the leaks in the patient's economy may be. One man eats impoverished food; another works too hard; another is always troubled by his affairs; another may have some chronic disease sapping his vitality; in women pelvic disease takes away nerve force and causes constipation; habits of life are also to be blamed if they cause constipation; nature's calls can not be neglected with impunity, for if so, nature soon forgets how to do her regular work; want of exercise causes constipation, yet those leading sedentary lives who pursue a healthy course of feeding are not constipated. Indeed
Evidence implicating the commensal microbiota in shaping anti-tumor immunity in melanoma
Authors: Ayelet Sivan, Leticia Corrales, Thomas Gajewski
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts T cell infiltration of solid tumors is found in a subset of cancer patients and is associated with favorable patient outcomes. This demonstrates the capacity of the immune system to mount protective anti-tumor responses in some cancer patients, yet the underlying mechanisms
Analysis of aggregate exposure to chlorpyrifos in the NHEXAS-Maryland investigation.
Authors: Yaohong Pang, David L MacIntosh, David E Camann, P Barry Ryan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

As part of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) in Maryland, we collected indoor air, carpet dust, exterior soil, and duplicate diet samples from a stratified random sample of 80 individuals to evaluate aggregate daily exposure, contributions of specific pathways of exposure, and temporal variation in exposure to chlorpyrifos. We collected samples from each participant in up to six equally spaced sampling cycles over a year and analyzed them for chlorpyrifos. We used chlorpyrifos concentrations in each medium and self-reported rates of time spent inside at home, time and frequency of contact with carpet, frequency of contact with soil, and weights of the duplicate diet samples to derive exposure to chlorpyrifos from each medium as well as average daily aggregate exposure (nanograms per day). The mean aggregate daily exposure to chlorpyrifos of 36 measurements obtained from 31 people was 1,390 ng/day (SD, 2,770 ng/day). Exposure from inhalation of indoor air accounted for 84.7% of aggregate daily exposure to chlorpyrifos on average. Chlorpyrifos concentrations in indoor air and carpet dust and the corresponding exposure rates were significantly correlated. Repeated short-term measurements of chlorpyrifos in carpet dust from individual residences were strongly correlated over time (reliability coefficient, R = 0.90), whereas the short-term measurements of chlorpyrifos in indoor air (R = 0.55) and solid food (R = 0.03) had moderate to weak reliability. Exposure to chlorpyrifos through those media and in aggregate based on direct measurements reported in this study can be used to understand better the accuracy of pesticide safety assessments.
The Path to Drug Reform in the 1890s
Authors: Robert L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
US Supreme Court hears arguments against health reform act
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The US Supreme Court took an unusual six hours over three days to hear arguments challenging Barack Obama’s health reform act, passed two years ago ( BMJ 2010;340:1635, doi:10.1136/bmj.c1635), while crowds outside protested for and against the law. 

The court is expected to issue its ruling in late June, in the midst of the US presidential campaign. It may have a major effect on the positions of Obama and his likely Republican opponent, the former Massachusetts governor Mitt Romney.

In Massachusetts in 2006 Romney championed a mandatory health insurance plan that was the model for Obama’s health reform act. Romney’s plan provides health insurance for almost all Massachusetts residents. However, in his campaign for the Republican nomination he has worked hard to distance himself from his Massachusetts plan.

The nine Supreme Court justices are thought to be divided, with more leaning to the conservative side. But with one or two “swing votes,” the ultimate decision is hard to predict.

The court considered …
Alcohol, as well as sugary drinks, adds calories to the US diet, finds study
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Alcoholic drinks contribute the same proportion of calories in adults’ diets as sugary drinks do in children’s, says a new study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).1

On any given day, men aged 20-39 who drink alcoholic beverages consume 174 calories, more than the 150 calories in one can of sugary soda.

“As with calorically sweetened beverages, alcoholic beverages are a top contributor to caloric intake but provide few nutrients,” say the authors, reporting data from …
Unilateral Urinothorax Due to Nephropleural Fistula Detected on Tc-99m Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid Renal Scintigraphy
Authors: Svetlana Agranovich, Evgenia Cherniavsky, Ekaterina Tiktinsky, Tifha Horne, Sophie Lantsberg
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Urinothorax or urothorax, the presence of urine in the pleural space, is a rare complication of percutaneous access to the kidney for the management of complex renal and proximal ureteral calculi and ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Other causes such as blunt renal trauma, ureteral instrumentation, or ureteral surgery have also been reported. The authors describe a patient with a massive left pleural effusion with total lung atelectasis. The diagnosis of urinothorax was confirmed by diuretic renography with Tc-99m diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid.
Shortage of emergency department doctors needs urgent action, says watchdog
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

England’s spending watchdog has urged health bosses to deal with staffing shortages in NHS emergency departments as part of a package of measures to tackle rising numbers of admissions.

The National Audit Office also said that the Department of Health had to encourage more doctors to work in accident and emergency, remove barriers to seven day working in hospitals, and ensure greater use of geriatricians.

The recommendations were in a report, published on 31 October, which also said that too many unnecessary emergency admissions were disrupting services to patients.1

In 2012-13 England had 5.3 million emergency admissions in England, up from 3.6 million in 1997-98, a 47% rise.

In 2012-13 emergency admissions cost around £12.5bn (€14.7bn; $20bn), said …
Association between clinical response and CIRCULATING B cell subsets during B cell depletion therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: E. M. Vital, S. Dass, M. H. Buch, K. Henshaw, A. C. Rawstron, F. Ponchel, P. Emery
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> B cell depletion using rituximab appears effective in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in open label case series, but initial response, effect on autoantibody titres and time to relapse are highly variable. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate relationships between clinical response, B cell subsets and autoantibody titres during rituximab therapy for SLE. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> 41 patients with active SLE received a standard regime of rituximab with intravenous and oral steroids. Clinical response and relapse were defined using BILAG with criteria for response, non-response and relapse. Naïve(CD19+CD27-CD38+/-), memory(CD19+CD27+CD38+/-) and plasmablast(CD19+CD27++CD38++) numbers were measured by flow cytometry evaluating 500 000 events at baseline, after each infusion of rituximab and then three monthly. BILAG and B cell numbers were compared between patient groups using non-parametric tests and anti-dsDNA and immunoglobulin titres were log transformed and compared using t tests. <h3>Results</h3> There was significant reduction in global BILAG (p&lt;0.0001) and 82% of patients responded at 6 months. Time to relapse was highly variable. 50% of patients relapsed after 6–18 months (earlier relapse); the remainder relapsed at a slower rate (later relapse). B cell depletion and repopulation were variable and predictive of these clinical outcomes. 21 patients had persistent B cells after both infusions of rituximab, which included all 7 patients with non-clinical response (p = 0.012). Memory B cell (p=0.02) and plasmablast (p&lt;0.001) repopulation after 6 months was markedly greater in patients with earlier relapse. No differences were identified between dsDNA, ENA or IgM, IgA and IgG titres at baseline or 6 months comparing patients with response/non-response or earlier/later relapse. Patients with antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (Ro, La, Sm, RNP) at baseline had higher plasmablast numbers at baseline (p=0.025). Patients with persistent B cells after both infusions of rituximab had significantly higher levels of anti-dsDNA at 6 months (p=0.012). Notably, several patients had clinical response lasting several years with sustained suppression of memory B cell and plasmablast numbers to very low levels but continued high anti-dsDNA titres. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study the strongest relationship was between initial degree of B cell depletion and subsequent clinical response, and between memory B and plasmablast repopulation and subsequent relapse. In this series, reduction of autoantibody titre was greater when plasmablast numbers were undetectable after rituximab, but normalisation of autoantibody titre did not appear to be required for good clinical response.
Remember the old masters!
Authors: Benny Shanon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Perruchet &amp; Vinter (P&amp;V) ground their arguments in a view they call “the mentalistic tradition.” Here I point out that such a view has already been advocated by two old masters of psychological science, William James and James Gibson, as well as by the philosopher Merleau-Ponty. In fact, in the writings of these older thinkers, arguments very similar to those presented in the target article are found.