tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 263: Identification of subgroup of triple negative breast cancer by cancer stem cell markers.
Authors: Kumiko Kida, Takashi Ishikawa, Akimitsu Yamada, Kazuhiro Shimada, Kazutaka Narui, Sadatoshi Sugae, Daisuke Shimizu, Mikiko Tanabe, Takeshi Sasaki, Yasushi Ichikawa, Itaru Endo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract [Background] Anti-cancer agents are essential for treating triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The cases resistant to them showed unfavorable clinical courses and thus may require novel agents. It is crucial to predict the efficacy of existing agents in TNBC. Recently, cancer stem cell (CSC) theory has drawn an attention in relation to TNBC and chemoresistance. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is a biomarker of breast cancer stem cell. [Aims] In order to subdivide TNBC and finally find subgroup resistant to existing anti-cancer agents and better markers for stem cell phenotype. [Methods] 1)The expression of ALDH1 was examined immunohistochemically in each subtype of 447 breast cancer patients. 2)The expression of ALDH1 and its association with Ki-67,P53, CK5/6 or EGFR were examined in TNBC. 3)Correlation between ALDH1 and pathological response by neoadjuvant chemotherapy was examined. 4)ALDH1 positive and negative cells were collected by microdissection from 5 ALDH1 positive breast cancer cases. The expression profile was assessed by Affymetrix cDNA microarray. The difference of profile between ALDH-1 positive and negative cells was assessed. [Results] 1)The expression rate of ALDH1 was 4.5% in Luminal type, 11.1% in Luminal-HER2 type, 23.8% in HER2-enriched type and 33.6% in triple negative type. ALDH1 was expressed highly in TNBC. 2)In 79 TNBC with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 29 cases(36.7%) was positive for ALDH1.The averages of NG, Ki67 and p53 were 2.7, 37.8% and 37.7% respectively in ALDH1 positive TNBC. 80% of them were positive for CK5/6 or EGFR. There was no significant correlation between ALDH1 and these pathological markers. 3) Poorly responsiveness to NAC (0-1b) was found in 17 cases (21.5%). Only ALDH1 was associated with chemoresistance to NAC (P=0.033), suggesting ALDH1 positive TNBC were resistant to anticancer agents. 4)63 and 41 genes were up- and down-regulated respectively in ALDH1 positive cells. These potential related genes are now under investigation. [Conclusions] ALDH1 could be a marker for chemoresistance in TNBC. As ALDH1 identifies some specific subpopulation of breast cancer, further studies will provide important information on subdividing TNBC and individualizing treatment of this intractable subtype. Citation Format: Kumiko Kida, Takashi Ishikawa, Akimitsu Yamada, Kazuhiro Shimada, Kazutaka Narui, Sadatoshi Sugae, Daisuke Shimizu, Mikiko Tanabe, Takeshi Sasaki, Yasushi Ichikawa, Itaru Endo. Identification of subgroup of triple negative breast cancer by cancer stem cell markers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 263. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-263
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC (SUBACUTE) RHEUMATISM.
Authors: GUSTAVUS M. BLECH
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Chronic rheumatism, articular or muscular, is considered by the laity an incurable affection. The pain, stiffness, in other words, the disagreeable symptoms of rheumatism, however, drive them into the hands of physicians, usually after every kind neighbor's roots and liniments have failed. It is this class of cases that the beginner in a community is most apt to get, the older physician's time being taken up with cases of a more or less acute character. Besides, the older physicians have prescribed once or twice for the rheumatic, but no cure being obtained he was dropped. A few months ago the writer contracted chronic articular rheumatism and pleurodynia. It is therefore but natural that I should have paid some attention to this affection. Summing up my theoretical knowledge of the malady and my experience from actual practice, I think I can say without fear of contradiction that chronic rheumatism is a
THE CASUALTIES OF WAR AND INDUSTRY AND THEIR RELATION TO ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
Authors: ALBERT H. FREIBERG
Journal: JAMA (1918)

With the entrance of our country into the great war, in which we are now involved, there has come a great and new emphasis on the importance of ortho- pedic surgery.Before our government had placed a regiment on the shores of Europe, even before it had made known its plans for raising its great army of citizen soldiers, we were made acquainted with the fact that it would demand the service of orthopedic surgeons in numbers much greater than were known to exist in the land.It is needless to say that its plans were not based on previous military experience of our country but on the results of three years' warfare among the European nations, both those with whom we are now allied and those with whom we are at present at war.The numbers of wounded have been
WITHDRAWAL OF MAINTENANCE ANTIPARKINSON DRUG IN THE PHENOTHIAZINE-INDUCED EXTRAPYRAMIDAL REACTION
Authors: WILLIAM MANDEL, W. A. OLIVER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

A placebo was substituted for maintenance antiparkinson drug in 41 patients who had been given this medication for the control of phenothiazine-induced extra-pyramidal reactions. These reactions did not recur in 24 of the 41 patients (59%). Although recurrence rates will vary with different clinical situations, it is probable that a large proportion of patients do not require maintenance antiparkinson drug for continued clinical control of phenothiazine-induced extra-pyramidal reactions. Trials are recommended to determine which patients should or should not continue to receive maintenance antiparkinson drug.
Government's plan for NHS review gets mixed response
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The UK government has announced a review of the NHS in a bid to ensure that clinical priorities and local accountability are paramount in the health service's day to day operations.The health secretary, Alan Johnson, has asked the junior health minister and surgeon Sir Ara Darzi to lead the review and to consult widely with patients and staff.The move is widely seen as a bid to mend relationships with health professionals, many of whom feel aggrieved by a decade of nonstop NHS reforms.Mr Johnson said that providing more accessible and convenient care for patients; achieving better value for money; and ensuring that people with long term illness were "treated with dignity in safe, clean environments" were all key areas that the review would look at.He also announced an extra £50m (€74m; $100m) to fight hospital acquired infections.Mr Johnson said, "The past 10 years have seen huge improvements in the NHS, and thanks to record investment and measures to raise standards, nine out of 10 patients rate their care as good to excellent."He added, "What was right for the last decade-top down targets and important but sometimes difficult reforms-will not be right for the next, where more local decision making and staff empowerment need to drive the NHS."He said that the review could result in an NHS constitution that sets out its values and lines of accountability.The full report will be published in June 2008.An interim assessment in autumn 2007 will inform the next comprehensive spending review.Gill Morgan, chief executive of the NHS Confederation, said, "We hope that this is not just another review but a genuine exercise in listening and understanding where the service has got to and where it needs to go.The opportunity to re-engage staff with the NHS reform programme is too important to be missed.
Reform of undergraduate medical teaching in the United Kingdom: Students are too many to be assessed individually in general hospitals
Authors: Charles Fox
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Governance of academic medicine should be with public trusteesEditor-Many of the problems arising in academic medicine are due to the divergence of academic goals and the values of society.Academic institutions are not currently governed in a way that fosters a strong and healthy alliance with government and the population at large, and there is a failure to support satisfactorily the public interest against vested and other competing interests. 1e suggest that a good first step is to turn over the governance of academic medicine to public trustees with protected authority.Public trustees must ensure that the three familiar goals of research, teaching, and patient care are supplemented by the unsung fourth goal of community service.Moreover, trustees have the right to insist that most of the research and teaching programmes in academic medicine be placed in the context of the health needs of the entire population.It is also time to reform the governance of medical schools.We suggest that it fosters tunnel vision for the dean when the executive committee of the medical school is composed primarily of department chairpeople whose main responsibility is the welfare of individual departments, not the mission of the school as a whole.We advocate instead an executive committee comprising senior faculty and public representatives, while excluding department heads.If academic medicine exists to promote the public interest, is it not time to grant patients and the public at large a controlling interest in setting priorities and overseeing operations?
AST-120 (spherical carbon adsorbent) lowers ammonia levels and attenuates brain edema in bile duct–ligated rats
Authors: Cristina R. Bosoi, Christian Parent-Robitaille, Keith Anderson, Mélanie Tremblay, Christopher F. Rose
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy is multifactorial, involving gut-derived toxins such as ammonia, which has been demonstrated to induce oxidative stress. Therefore, a primary hepatic encephalopathy treatment target is reducing ammonia production in the gastrointestinal tract. AST-120, an oral adsorbent of engineered activated carbon microspheres with surface areas exceeding 1600 m2/g, acts as a sink for neurotoxins and hepatotoxins present in the gut. We evaluated the capacity of AST-120 to adsorb ammonia in vitro and to lower blood ammonia, oxidative stress and brain edema in cirrhotic rats. Cirrhosis was induced in rats by bile duct ligation for 6 weeks. AST-120 was administered by gavage preventively for 6 weeks (0.1, 1, and 4 g/kg/day). In addition, AST-120 was evaluated as a short-term treatment for 2 weeks and 3 days (1 g/kg/day) and as a sink to adsorb intravenously infused ammonium acetate. In vitro, AST-120 efficiently adsorbed ammonia. Ammonia levels significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner for all AST-120–treated bile duct-ligated rats (nontreated: 177.3 ± 30.8 μM; AST-120, 0.1 g/kg/day: 121.9 ± 13.8 μM; AST-120, 1 g/kg/day: 80.9 ± 30.0 μM; AST-120, 4 g/kg/day: 48.8 ± 19.6 μM) and significantly correlated with doses of AST-120 ( r = −0.6603). Brain water content and locomotor activity normalized after AST-120 treatments, whereas arterial reactive oxygen species levels remained unchanged. Furthermore, AST-120 significantly attenuated a rise in arterial ammonia after ammonium acetate administration (intravenously). Conclusion: AST-120 treatment decreased arterial ammonia levels, normalized brain water content and locomotor activity but did not demonstrate an effect on systemic oxidative stress. Also, AST-120 acts as an ammonia sink, efficiently removing blood-derived ammonia. Additional studies are warranted to evaluate the effects of AST-120 on hepatic encephalopathy in patients with advanced liver disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
HEW-NIH Détente, plus Other Matters
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

HEW-NIH Détente, Plus Other MattersFollowing an exchange of rhetorical overkill, the mecca of biomedical research, the National Institutes of Health, has entered into a détente with its parent organization, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. But the problems that led to a public shouting match between NIH's pouting leadership and HEW's sharp-tongued assistant secretary for health, Charles C. Edwards, are still there and no amount of placatory prose is going to root them out.Anyone seeking a clearcut division of justice and injustice, wisdom and folly, or sense and nonsense in the clash between NIH and Edwards will . . .
The acute hemodynamic effects of ethacrynic acid and furosemide in patients with chronic postcapillary pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: S M Austin, B F Schreiner, D H Kramer, P M Shah, P N Yu
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The acute hemodynamic effects of either ethacrynic acid or furosemide were studied in 27 patients who underwent diagnostic right and transseptal left heart catheterization. Twenth-three patients had postcapillary pulmonary hypertension secondary to isolated or predominant mitral stenosis. Of these, 21 patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III, and one each in class II and IV. In the remaining four patients pulmonary artery pressures were normal. Two patients had aortic stenosis and one each coronary artery disease and nonobstructive cardiomyopathy. All four patients were in class II. Cardiac index, pressures, and pulmonary blood volume (PBV) were measured in the control state and 20, 40, and 60 min after diuretic administration. Pulmonary extravascular fluid volume (PEV) was measured in the control state and at 60 min post drug infusion. A similar hemodynamic response was observed for each drug. Significant reductions in pulmonary artery and left atrial mean pressures, cardiac index, and plasma volume occurred over the one hour observation period and were accompanied by a significant duiresis. However, despite recutions in central pressures and blood flow, PBV, ev, and PEV/PBV remained unchanged, as did systemic arterial pressure. Since 23 of the subjects had postcapillary pulmonary hypertension it is postulated that the failure of PBV to decrease significantly despite significant decreases in pulmonary artery mean pressure is related to altered pressure volume characteristics in the pulmonary vascular bed in which the lung is operating on a steep portion of its pressure volume curve. The failure of the PEV to decrease supports the concept that the pulmonary extravascular space is relatively resistant to early decreases in pulmonary capillary pressure induced acutely. The failure of the pulmonary extravascular fluid volume to decrease despite a fall in plasma volume and pressures corresponds to the well recognized delay in resolution of radiologic evidence of pulmonary congestion.
Cellular Immunostaining of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Human Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Flavio Ribichini, Francesco Pugno, Valeria Ferrero, Gianni Bussolati, Mauro Feola, Paolo Russo, Carlo Di Mario, Antonio Colombo, Corrado Vassanelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Use of the Hospital in a Randomized Trial of Prepaid Care
Authors: Albert L. Siu
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) achieve their cost savings through lower rates of hospital admissions. To determine whether HMOs selectively avoid discretionary hospitalizations, medical records were reviewed from a randomized trial where families were assigned to either HMO or fee-for-service care. Physicians who were blinded to system reviewed 244 medical records and judged the appropriateness both of the hospital setting and of the medical indications for hospitalization. The rate of discretionary surgery was lower in the HMO, while the rate of nondiscretionary surgery was equivalent in the two systems. For medical admissions, rates of discretionary and nondiscretionary admissions were lower in the HMO. There were no observable adverse effects on health from the lower rates of nondiscretionary hospitalization, either because the net effect on health was small or because the HMO substituted appropriate ambulatory services. We conclude that HMO reductions in hospitalization rates do not occur "across the board"; discretionary surgery is selectively avoided. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:1343-1346)
"The Leprosy Question."
Authors: Henry Wm. Blanc
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<h3>To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association:</h3> In your issue of May 14, Dr. D. C. Newman, referring to my paper on "The Leprosy Question," states that had I followed up Dr. Arning's researches I "would have learned that Dr. Arning made many cultures of the germ as early as 1884. So this is anything but a new discovery." The reference to be drawn from this statement is that it is a well-known fact, and has been since 1884, that the germ of leprosy is susceptible to cultivation. That Dr. Arning has attempted to cultivate the bacillus lepræ I am well aware, and I am also cognizant of the fact that others have claimed to have done so. But these claims have not been accepted by the scientific world as final, for their cultures have not been proven to be<i>pure cultures</i>. If I am ignorant
606 Asthma after consumption of snails in housedust mite allergic patients: a case of IgE crossreactivity
Authors: R VANREE, J AKKERDAAS, G PAJNO, L CORBETTA, G FERRO, M ZAMBITO, M GARRITANI, F BONIFAZI, R AALBERSE, L ANTONICELLI
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
Expression of ER-a36, a novel variant of estrogen receptor a, and resistance to tamoxifen treatment in breast cancer.
Authors: L Shi, B Dong, Z Li, Y Lu, T Ouyang, J Li, T Wang, Z Fan, T Fan, B Lin, Z Wang, Y Xie
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3037 Background: Recently, a 36 kDa variant of estrogen receptor a (ER-a66), ER-a36, has been identified and cloned. ER-a36 predominantly localizes on the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm and mediates a membrane-initiated “nongenomic” signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the association between ER-a36 expression and tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer patients.&amp;#x2028; Methods: ER-a36 protein expression in tumors from 710 breast cancer patients with a median follow-up of 7.9 years was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. Survival curves were compared using the log-rank test and multivariate analysis was performed using Cox model. All statistical tests were two-sided.&amp;#x2028; Results: Among the patients with ER-a66 positive tumors who received tamoxifen treatment (n=307), overexpression of ER-a36 was associated with poorer disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) and remained as an unfavorable independent factor of survival in multivariate analyses (DFS: HR=2.27; 95% CI= 1.40 to 3.68; P=. 001; DSS: HR=2.42; 95% CI= 1.37 to 4.28; P= .002). In contrast, among patients with ER-a66 positive tumors who did not receive tamoxifen (n=129), ER-a36 expression was not associated with survival, indicating a correlation between ER-a36 expression and tamoxifen resistance. Furthermore, ER-a36 expression was not associated with survival in ER-a66 negative tumors whether the patients received tamoxifen (n=73) or not (n=149). Our in vitro experiments with MCF7/ER36 cells also confirmed that high ER-a36 expression resulted in tamoxifen resistance.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Patients with ER-a66 positive tumors that also express high levels of ER-a36 are less likely to benefit from tamoxifen treatment. ER-a36 is an important predictive marker for tamoxifen therapy in ER-a66 positive breast cancer patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3037.
The Physician and Patient Disability
Authors: SYDNEY LOU BONNICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1982The Physician and Patient DisabilitySYDNEY LOU BONNICK, M.D.SYDNEY LOU BONNICK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-2-280_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am an internist in private practice, and a medical consultant with the Social Security Administration; and I read with interest Dr. Hadler's review (1) of the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program.Dr. Hadler's major premise that the primary physician's opinion of a patient's disability is "nondeterminative," "irrelevant," and "counterproductive" is incorrect. As Dr. Hadler points out, medical records are obtained from the patient's physicians. The physician may send a summary of the patient's medical history or copies of the patient's medical records. This is an attempt to establish the patient's claims of disability through documented...References1. HADLER N. Medical ramifications of the federal regulation of the Social Security Disability Insurance Program. Ann. Intern. Med. 1982;96:665-69. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Social Security Regulations: Rules for Determining Disability and Blindness. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1981; SSA publication 64-014. Google Scholar3. The Federal Register. 1982;47:19620-45. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 606 N. Washington, Dallas, TX 75246 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1982Volume 97, Issue 2Page: 280-281KeywordsDisabilities Issue Published: 1 August 1982 PDF DownloadLoading ...
In defense of learning by selection: Neurobiological and behavioral evidence revisited
Authors: G. Dehaene-Lambertz, Stanislas Dehaene
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Quartz &amp; Sejnowski's (Q&amp;S's) constructivist manifesto promotes a return to an extreme form of empiricism. In defense of learning by selection, we argue that at the neurobiological level all the data presented by Q&amp;S in support of their constructive model are in fact compatible with a model comprising multiple overlapping stages of synaptic overproduction and selection. We briefly review developmental studies at the behavioral level in humans providing evidence in favor of a selectionist view of development.
Hereditary Angioedema Without C1 Inhibitor Deficiency: Observation Of Patients Homozygous For FXII GENE Mutation
Authors: Christiane Stieber, Camila Veronez, Nathalia Cagini, Elisabete Cordeiro, Anete S. Grumach, Rosemeire Constantino-Silva, Joao Bosco Pesquero, Sven Cichon
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
The Risk of Developing AIDS in Hemophiliac and Homosexual Men
Authors: James A. Warth
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The interesting article by Jason et al<sup>1</sup>fails to mention what percentage of the hemophiliac population they analyzed was bisexual or homosexual. This may have important ramifications in a small series. If there were a small group, eg, seven individuals (9% of the total), that fit into this category and also had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the total for the first column of Table 1 of their article, omitting those with a dual risk, would be 10/72 = 14%. If none of these individuals had AIDS, then the ratio would be even closer (17/72 = 24%) to that of homosexuals (27%). More importantly, this latter result, ie, a reduced risk in those homosexuals exposed to lyophilized factor VIII, might mean that these individuals had been protected by a putative vaccine (lyophilized plasma containing the AIDS virus). Patients with hemophilia infected with human immunodeficiency virus appear to develop clinical