tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physicians and Politics-Reply
Authors: Mark G. Jameson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I concur with Dr Garbitelli's assessment of the limited political involvement by physicians in recent years. In particular, there seems to be little incentive for a physician to transfer from the medical field, which is generally held in high public regard, to political office, which is often publicly viewed with scorn and derision. This is unfortunate, because if the high ethical standards and conduct that are practiced every day in the hospital were applied to politics, serving in public office would possibly attain the respect it deserves.
A Prime-Boost Strategy Using Virus-Like Particles Pseudotyped for HCV Proteins Triggers Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies in Macaques
Authors: Pierre Garrone, Anne-Catherine Fluckiger, Philippe E. Mangeot, Emmanuel Gauthier, Pia Dupeyrot-Lacas, Jimmy Mancip, Arnaud Cangialosi, Isaure Du Chéné, Roger LeGrand, Isabelle Mangeot, Dimitri Lavillette, Bertrand Bellier, François-Loic Cosset, Frederic Tangy, David Klatzmann, Charlotte Dalba
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

Virus-like particles pseudotyped with heterologous viral envelopes stimulate broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies against HCV.
NAD(P)H oxidase plays a crucial role in PDGF-induced proliferation of hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Tohru Adachi, Hitoshi Togashi, Akihiko Suzuki, Shigenobu Kasai, Junitsu Ito, Kazuhiko Sugahara, Sumio Kawata
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a critical step in hepatic fibrogenesis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is the most potent mitogen for HSCs. We investigated the role of nonphagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase–derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PDGF-induced HSC proliferation. The human HSC line, LI-90 cells, murine primary-cultured HSCs, and PDGF-BB were used in this study. We examined the mechanism of PDGF-BB-induced HSC proliferation in relation to the role of a ROS scavenger and diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase. We also measured ROS production with the aid of chemiluminescence. We showed that PDGF-BB induced proliferation of HSCs through the intracellular production of ROS. We also demonstrated that HSCs expressed key components of nonphagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase (p22phox, gp91phox, p47phox, and p67phox) at both the messenger RNA and protein levels. Diphenylene iodonium suppressed PDGF-BB–induced ROS production and HSC proliferation. Coincubation of H2O2 and PDGF-BB restored the proliferation of HSCs that was inhibited by diphenylene iodonium pretreatment. Phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family constitutes a signal transduction pathway of cell proliferation. Our data demonstrate that NAD(P)H oxidase–derived ROS induce HSC proliferation mainly through the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Moreover, an in vivo hepatic fibrosis model also supported the critical role of NAD(P)H oxidase in the activation and proliferation of HSCs. In conclusion, NAD(P)H oxidase is expressed in HSCs and produces ROS via activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in response to PDGF-BB. ROS further induce HSC proliferation through the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:1272–1281.)
Hemodynamics after endoscopic submucosal injection of epinephrine in a porcine model
Authors: C. Schlag, A. Karagianni, M. Grimm, M. Stangassinger, T. Schuster, W. Huber, R. Schmid, A. Meining, S. von Delius
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Endoscopic submucosal injection of epinephrine may cause systemic effects on the cardiovascular system. The aim of this experimental study was to assess systemic hemodynamic changes after submucosal injection of epinephrine during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a porcine model. <b>Methods:</b> Measurements were taken from 12 pigs under general anesthesia. During gastroscopy 5 mL of normal saline, and 2.5 mL and 5 mL of epinephrine (1:10 000) were injected into the submucosal layers of the gastric antrum, corpus, and distal esophagus. After each injection, the cardiac index and global end diastolic volume index (GEDVI, reflecting preload) were measured every 3 minutes by transpulmonary thermodilution for a minimum of 12 minutes. The following parameters were also recorded: heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI, reflecting afterload). <b>Results:</b> Significant hemodynamic changes were observed after submucosal injection of epinephrine into the esophagus, including heart rate (maximum + 4 %) and MAP (maximum – 4 %) after injection of 2.5 mL epinephrine, and stronger changes in heart rate (maximum + 13 %), cardiac index (maximum + 21 %), MAP (maximum – 4 %), and SVRI (maximum – 12 %) after the injection of 5 mL epinephrine. After submucosal injection of epinephrine into the gastric antrum and corpus, hemodynamic effects were less evident. Here significant changes were observed in heart rate (maximum + 3 %), MAP (maximum – 2 %), cardiac index (maximum + 7 %), and SVRI (maximum – 8 %) only after the injection of 5 mL epinephrine into the antrum. <b>Conclusion:</b> Endoscopic submucosal injection of epinephrine is associated with changes in systemic hemodynamic parameters, especially when performed in the esophagus, and the procedure might therefore induce harmful side effects.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: R. Laugier, P. Grandval
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Numerous new perspectives for diagnosis and treatment using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were demonstrated during the 2011 Digestive Disease Week (DDW; 7 – 10 May; Chicago, Illinois, USA). A large field of new developments emerged in the treatment of strictures and cysts as well as the description of new possibilities for cholangioscopy.
Evolving From Reductionism to Holism
Authors: Howard J. Federoff, Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2009)

EALTH REFORM DISCUSSIONS REVOLVE AROUND HOW best to achieve the goals of cost containment, increasedaccesstocare,andimprovedquality.However, in the current health reform debate, little attention is paid to how medicine is currently taught and practiced. It has long been understood that the fundamental tenets of health arise from understanding the interaction among genomics, the external environment, and behavior.Modernmedicineoftenneglectsthiscomprehensive model and treats disease in isolation, without taking into accountthedynamic,integrativesystemsinthehumanbody. Proponentsofanewapproachinmedicaleducationandpractice look toward “systems medicine,” which incorporates the complex biochemical, physiological, and environmen
Government launches campaign in England to raise awareness of bowel cancer
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Introduction:</b> COPD patients commonly present with multi-morbidity, including vascular disease. Atherosclerosis is known as the main driver of vascular disease. One of its clinical manifestations is peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which mainly affects the lower limb arteries. Little is known about the association between COPD and PAD in the general population. Our aim was to study the association between COPD and PAD in a population-based setting. <b>Methods:</b> In 3,459 participants of the Rotterdam study (mean age ± standard deviation 65.4 ± 6.7, 57.4% females), PAD (an Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) ≤ 0.9) and COPD (based on obstructive spirometry or clinical presentation) was assessed. The association between COPD and PAD was tested by means of a cox regression analysis. <b>Results:</b> In this study, 13 (13.3%) of individuals with COPD had PAD compared to 323 (9.6%) of individuals without COPD. The incidence of PAD in individuals with COPD was 32.0/1000 person years (PY), compared to 18.4/1000 PY in individuals without COPD. A statistically significant association was found between COPD and PAD, with an Hazard Ratio of 1.78 (95% Confidence Interval 1.13-2.), adjusted for age, sex, smoking history, body mass index, hypertension, statin use, serum HDL to cholesterol ratio and ethnicity. <b>Conclusion:</b> Individuals with COPD have higher risk of developing PAD. This emphasizes the importance of determining ABI for the diagnosis of PAD in the management of patients with COPD.
Abstract B54: Squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 (SCCA1) promotes mammary tumorigenesis through the induction of misfolded protein stress
Authors: Namratha Sheshadri, Erica Ullman, Joseph Catanzaro, Ji-An Pan, Emily Chen, Wei-Xing Zong
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract SCCA1, a member of the serine/cysteine protease inhibitor family, is upregulated in several cancers such as the cervix, lung, head and neck, liver, skin, and breast, and has been used as a diagnostic/prognostic marker. However, the biological function of SCCA1 in tumorigenesis remains largely unclear. Here we show that ectopic expression of SCCA1 in the non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A leads to spindle shaped cell morphology, increased cell migration, resistance to anoikis, foci formation in soft agar, as well as orthotopic tumor formation in immune-compromised mice. Gene expression analysis revealed that SCCA1 induces changes that are associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, SCCA1 interferes with cellular protein homeostasis leading to a heightened unfolded protein response including the nuclear translocation of the transcriptionally active form of ATF6α. This increased ATF6α signaling results in NF-κB activation and increased pro-inflammatory response including an IL-6 autocrine signaling loop that drives EMT and transformation. These findings indicate a previously unknown role of SCCA1 in promoting tumorigenesis by inducing misfolded protein stress, NF-κB activation, and pro-tumorigenic cytokine signaling. Citation Format: Namratha Sheshadri, Erica Ullman, Joseph Catanzaro, Ji-An Pan, Emily Chen, Wei-Xing Zong. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1 (SCCA1) promotes mammary tumorigenesis through the induction of misfolded protein stress. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B54.
Successful Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma with Cisplatin and Gemcitabine in a Hemodialysis Patient
Authors: Y. Saida, S. Watanabe, K. Sato, M. Okajima, S. Miura, J. Tanaka, H. Kagamu, H. Yoshizawa, I. Narita
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
CERTAIN RESIDUALS OF EPIDEMIC CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS OBSERVED IN THE ARMY
Authors: AARON J. ROSANOFF
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In the period from December, 1917, to February, 1918, a number of cases of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis developed at Camp Beauregard, La. The patients were treated with specific serum administered both intravenously and intraspinally, and a number of them made uneventful recoveries from the infection. After a four or five weeks' period of convalescence in the base hospital at the camp they were as a rule granted a sixty days' furlough at home. On return from their furlough some of the men were found still to have certain residuals owing to which they were unable to go back to duty. Others did go back to duty but were found within a few days to be unable to perform it. All such patients were therefore readmitted to the base hospital. After a further period of from five to eight weeks' treatment and rest in the hospital they were still not in
Partial Diabetes Insipidus.
Authors: Arnold M. Moses
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Partial Diabetes Insipidus.Arnold M. Moses, M.D., F.A.C.P., Myron Miller, M.D., Theodore Dalakos, M.D., David H. P. Streeten, M.B.Arnold M. Moses, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Myron Miller, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Theodore Dalakos, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, David H. P. Streeten, M.B.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1064_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA dehydration test has been developed which distinguishes normal subjects and those with primary polydipsia from patients with diabetes insipidus and allows the identification of partial antidiuretic hormone (ADH) deficiency. The test consists of depriving patients of water until hourly voided urine osmolality (Uosm) reaches a plateau and relating the Uosm at which this occurs to that which follows subsequent ADH injection. These results were obtained:In normal subjects and patients with primary polydipsia Uosmat the end of water deprivation is much greater than plasma osmolality (Posm) with no increase after ADH injection. Posmin these subjects is similar... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Arnold M. Moses, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Myron Miller, M.D.; Theodore Dalakos, M.D.; David H. P. Streeten, M.B.Affiliations: Syracuse, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1064-1064KeywordsAntidiuretic hormoneBlood plasmaUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Genetic variants in the autophagy pathway contribute to paediatric Crohn's disease
Authors: N Peterson, S Guthery, L Denson, J Lee, S Saeed, S Prahalad, V Biank, R Ehlert, G Tomer, R Grand, C Rudolph, S Kugathasan
Journal: Gut (2008)

Massey and Parkes ( Gut 2007; 56 :1489–92) recently highlighted the impact of genome-wide association (GWA) studies in generating new insights into the aetiology of Crohn’s disease (CD). We share their enthusiasm. However, the mechanisms underlying childhood-onset CD remain unknown. Phenotypic differences among children, the increased risk of CD among family members with early-onset disease and the attractive strategy of stratifying cases by age of onset to understand further the genetic architecture of CD all justify studying children with CD in genetic association studies.

To this end, we tested 11 genetic variants in our paediatric CD population who were recently identified in predominantly adult-onset (mean age of onset ranging from 24 to 27 years) CD GWA studies.1–6 We studied 555 CD-affected children with the mean age of onset of 11.7 years, and 486 disease-free controls. Individuals were self-identified as …
NICE guideline has weaknesses
Authors: K. Byatt
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To determine the functional consequences of missense mutations within the skeletal muscle chloride channel gene <i>CLCN1</i> that cause myotonia congenita. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Myotonia congenita is a genetic muscle disease associated with abnormalities in the skeletal muscle voltage-gated chloride (ClC-1) channel. In order to understand the molecular basis of this inherited disease, it is important to determine the physiologic consequences of mutations found in patients affected by it. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The authors used a mammalian cell (human embryonic kidney 293) expression system and the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique to functionally express and physiologically characterize five <i>CLCN1</i> mutations. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The I329T mutation shifted the voltage dependence of open probability of ClC-1 channels to the right by 192 mV, and the R338Q mutation shifted it to the right by 38 mV. In addition, the I329T ClC-1 channels deactivated to a lesser extent than normal at negative potentials. The V165G, F167L, and F413C ClC-1 channels also shifted the voltage dependence of open probability, but only by +14 to +20 mV. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The functional consequences of these mutations form the physiologic argument that these are disease-causing mutations and could lead to myotonia congenita by impairing the ability of the skeletal muscle voltage-gated chloride channels to maintain normal muscle excitability. Understanding of genetic and physiologic defects may ultimately lead to better diagnosis and treatment of patients with myotonia congenita.
Dermatoscopic pitfalls in differentiating pigmented Spitz naevi from cutaneous melanomas
Authors: G. Argenziano, M. Scalvenzi, S. Staibano, B. Brunetti, D. Piccolo, M. Delfino, G. De Rosa, H.P. Soyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Epiluminescence microscopy (ELM, skin surface microscopy, dermoscopy, dermatoscopy) is a valuable method for improving the diagnostic accuracy in pigmented skin lesions. Specific ELM criteria are already recognized for differentiating pigmented Spitz naevi (PSN) from cutaneous melanomas (CM). Our purpose was to describe the ELM appearance of a series of PSN with emphasis on PSN and CM with overlapping features. Thirty-six consecutive patients with PSN, and three cases of CM (selected from a larger database) exhibiting ELM 'spitzoid' features, were evaluated clinically, dermatoscopically and histopathologically. Most PSN (27 of 36; 75%) displayed two typical ELM patterns, namely, the starburst (19 of 36; 53%) or the globular pattern (eight of 36; 22%), which were correlated to different histopathological findings. In nine of 36 (25%) PSN, atypical ELM features which are more commonly seen in CM were observed. These PSN with an atypical pattern were characterized by an uneven distribution of colours and structures, and an irregular diffuse pigmentation resembling blue-white veil or irregular extensions (black blotches). These atypical lesions mostly occurred in children and showed no history of growth. In contrast, in three examples of CM, the typical ELM criteria of malignancy were less recognizable and either the characteristic starburst or globular pattern usually seen in PSN was present. These three lesions occurred in adults and had a recent history of change in colour, shape or size. The overlap in ELM features of some PSN and CM represents a major diagnostic pitfall when ELM examination is considered alone. In these atypical cases, clinical history including the age of the patient may be the only clue to enable a correct diagnosis.
Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Gerald P. Rodnan
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<b>A note on the genealogy of the Primer</b>: This is the sixth<i>Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases</i>to be published inThe Journal<i>of the American Medical Association</i>.<sup>1-5</sup>The first of these six appeared in 1942 and was titled<i>Primer on Arthritis</i>.<sup>1</sup>This abecedarium, identified by its authors as the "Second Primer on Arthritis," represented a revision of the<i>Primer on Rheumatism, Chronic Arthritis</i>, which had been issued in 1934 by the American Committee for the Control of Rheumatism (forerunner of the American Rheumatism Association Section of The Arthritis Foundation). This latter work, generally considered the first of the<i>Primers</i>, was a brochure that had been prepared for distribution in connection with a scientific exhibit on arthritis at the Annual Convention of the American Medical Association.<sup>6</sup> In fact, there were were two earlier publications in this line by the American Committee for the Control of Rheumatism. The first of these (<i>What is Rheumatism?</i>) was printed in 1928, and the second (<i>Rheumatism Primer: Chronic Arthritis</i>) was privately distributed in 1932.<sup>6</sup>
Management of injuries due to chemical weapons.
Authors: V S Murray, G N Volans
Journal: BMJ (1991)

scale vaccination of domestic animals can prevent animal disease and renal excretion of leptospires.Human vaccines have been used overseas in high risk groups with varied success, but vaccines produced in rabbit serum may cause serious side effects.No human vaccine is available in the United Kingdom.The counsel of perfection is to avoid all contaminated waters, but simple precautions may reduce even further the small risk.Warning or safety cards containing the advice outlined in the box can be issued to people.There is no value in routine antibody screening for employment purposes.Should an individual become ill the safety card should be shown to his or her doctor, who can obtain advice from the microbiologist at the local hospital.In England and Wales public health laboratories offer diagnostic serological testing, and the Leptospira Reference Laboratory accepts serum samples for confirmation or from seriously ill patients in whom the diagnosis is in doubt.Undoubtedly leptospirosis is underdiagnosed owing to its non-specific presentation, but probably few severe or fatal cases are missed.L hardjo and L icterohaemorrhagiae are the most common infecting serovars in the United Kingdom.Despite the recent reported increase in the rat population the increase in cases due to L icterohaemorrhagiae in 1988 was not maintained in 1989.
Ventricular fibrillation in patients without significant structural heart disease: A multicenter experience with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy
Authors: Marc D. Meissner, Michael H. Lehmann, Russell T. Steinman, Robert D. Mosteller, Masood Akhtar, Hugh Calkins, David S. Cannom, Andrew E. Epstein, Richard N. Fogoros, L.Bing Liem, Francis E. Marchlinski, Robert J. Myerburg, Enrico P. Veltri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Eosinophil major basic protein: first identified natural heparanase-inhibiting protein
Authors: Vladislav Temkin, Helena Aingorn, Ilaria Puxeddu, Orit Goldshmidt, Eyal Zcharia, Gerald J Gleich, Israel Vlodavsky, Francesca Levi-Schaffer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
The changing role of hospital consultants
Authors: S. M Sagar, G. Jones, H. Rhydderch, B. Thorson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Effects on aspects of trainees' lives of shifts compatible with new deal.Figures are numbers (percentages) of respondents (n=758) Aspect oflife Better Worse Multinomial confidence interval for difference in proportions Teaching opportunities 50 (6 6) 503 (66.4) -0-64 to -055* Research opportunities 137 (18-1) 295 (38 9) -0-25 to -0.16* Study time for examinations 339 (44 7) 173 (22-8) 0-16 to 0-27* Fatigue while on call 472 (62 7) 96 (12-7) 0 44 to 0.54* Social and family life 198 (26-1) 397 (52-4) -0-32 to -0 30* Overall quality of life 220 (29.0) 309 (40 8) -0-16 to 0.05