tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effect of Smoking on the Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Authors: George W. Dennish, Donald O. Castell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

THE lower esophageal sphincter functions as a barrier to the reflux of acid gastric contents into the esophagus. Patients with symptomatic incompetence of this sphincter often complain of heartburn associated with smoking. We report on the relation between smoking and lower-esophageal-sphincter pressure.MethodsSix normal male volunteers were studied after an overnight fast. Their mean age was 34 years (range, 20 to 50 years). All were chronic cigarette smokers, but did not smoke cigars or a pipe regularly. None had symptoms of esophageal disease, including the absence of chronic heartburn or frequent antacid use. Measurements of intraluminal pressure were made . . .
A Revolutionary New Journal
Authors: R. Phillip Dellinger
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A sequence of recent events has motivated us to envision a revolutionary concept in medical journals. Having treated what we thought was a rather unique disease process in a patient, we prepared a case report for consideration by a highly regarded specialty journal. It was subsequently rejected. An editor's note was attached, explaining that no case reports were being accepted at that time and recommending that the article be sent to a more generally oriented medical journal. And so we did, and again were rejected. This time, however, the editor recommended sending the article to a specialty journal. We had come full circle so quickly. Now somewhat dejected (and rejected), we devised a better plan of attack, selecting a journal that had a reputation for accepting good case reports. This time our efforts were rewarded with success, and our case report was accepted for publication. Our difficulty in getting this
Surgical Radiology: A Complement in Radiology and Imaging to the Sabiston —Davis-Christopher Textbook of Surgery
Authors: R. D. Liechty
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In the 86 years since Roentgen discovered the x-ray, radiology has come a long way—an extraordinarily long way as this three-volume work illustrates. The revolution in diagnosis by radioisotopes, ultrasound, and computed tomography is just a part of it. We no longer have to tell the patient with a retained common bileduct stone that another operation is needed: radiologists can retrieve it. Similarly, new techniques have permitted the biopsy of discrete lesions in the lung, mediastinum, and pancreas, the drainage of entrapped bile, and even the dilation of occluded coronary arteries. Drs Teplick and Haskin have established an excellent track record in a similar book, now in its third edition, the radiological companion to BeesonMcDermott's<i>Textbook of Medicine</i>. Now they have designed<i>Surgical Radiology</i>to accompany Sabiston's (Davis-Christopher)<i>Textbook of Surgery</i>. At first glance the surgeon-reader may feel offended that<i>Surgical Radiology</i>, in its infancy, is fatter than its older
Psychiatric Disorder and Metabolic Control Among Youths With IDDM: A longitudinal study
Authors: Maria Kovacs, Protap Mukerji, Satish Iyengar, Allan Drash
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the longitudinal relationship between psychiatric diagnostic variables and metabolic control among youths with IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A group of 88 youths, 8 to 13 years old at onset of 1DDM, were evaluated repeatedly during a 9-year follow-up period, on average, using a standardized psychiatric protocol. Levels of HbA1 were also assessed repeatedly. Psychiatric diagnoses were derived independently of HbA1 values. RESULTS In univariate longitudinal analyses, the psychiatric diagnosis of noncompliance with medical treatment was significantly related to HbA1 level. There was a trend of an association between any major psychiatric disorder, as well as nondepressive disorder, and HbA1 Interaction terms between IDDM duration (or age) and psychiatric variables were also significantly related to metabolic control. According to the final multivariate model of repeatedly assessed HbA1, noncompliance with medical treatment (irrespective of IDDM duration) and the interaction between nondepressive psychiatric disorder and IDDM duration contributed to worse metabolic control. CONCLUSIONS We found some support for the hypothesis that psychiatric morbidity negatively affects blood glucose regulation and that its consequences are more marked the longer young patients have had IDDM. We did not confirm the hypothesis that depressive illness has particularly deleterious consequences on metabolic control. Noncompliance with medical treatment and having had nondepressive psychiatric illness in interaction with IDDM duration account for a statistically significant but clinically modest amount of variability in HbA1 over time. The weak relationship among these variables may explain the inconsistent findings in the literature regarding psychiatric morbidity and metabolic control.
Surgical management of pericarditis in Zaria, Nigeria.
Authors: O A Mabogunje, C O Adesanya, M S Khwaja, J H Lawrie, G M Edington
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Over eight years, 58 rural Nigerians with pericarditis were treated surgically in Zaria using basic surgical facilities. Eighteen patients had purulent pericarditis, associated with staphylococcal pneumonia in children, or pneumococcal pneumonia in adults. Treatment with antibiotics and prompt pericardiectomy appeared to be superior to drainage, since a quarter of those initially treated with surgical drainage developed early constriction and required pericardiectomy soon after. Thirteen patients had chronic pericardial effusions, of whom one had epicardial constriction and two had cardiomyopathy. Twenty-seven patients had chronic constrictive pericarditis but tuberculosis was confirmed histologically in three only. Echocardiographic findings remained unchanged in five patients evaluated before and after pericardiectomy. Eight of the 13 patients who died had already developed myocardial or hepatic insufficiency before operation, because of late presentation or diagnosis. Greater awareness of the significance of precordial pain in this rural population where ischaemic heart disease is rare would help in making an earlier diagnosis.
Induction of autologous graft-versus-host disease with cyclosporin A after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: Analysis of factors affecting induction
Authors: Yuji Miura, Mikio Ueda, Weihua Zeng, Hongbo Wang, Akiyoshi Takami, Hirohito Yamazaki, Yoichi Kawamura, Shintaro Shiobara, Shinji Nakao
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
Blue Cross to reward doctors for patients' satisfaction
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Blue Cross of California, one of the United States's largest health maintenance organisations, with 2.2 million members, has become the first commercial health maintenance organisation to pay bonuses to its 20 000 doctors on the basis of patients' satisfaction and other quality standards, instead of only rewarding doctors who cut costs.

In the past, most health maintenance organisations paid bonuses to doctors who were able to keep medical costs down …
The Essential Oils in the Treatment of Puerperal Fever
Authors: H. Dove
Journal: BMJ (1859)

A powerful vigorous looking man, who had enjoyed good health previously to his present illness, came under my care in St. Mary's Hospital during the last summer.He was suffering severely from dropsical symptoms; the lower part of his body was cedematous; and there was serous effusion in his perito- neum and pleura.His breathing was much oppressed and very painful.His face was dusky.The cause of all this mis- chief, whicih had arisen rapidly, was organic valvular disease of the heart.The remedies prescribed gave him no relief.On the third day of his residence in the hospital, he was evidently worse: he could not lie down.I ordered him at once to be bled, and stood by him while about twenty-six ounces of blood were taken from his arm.He felt immediate relief.The next day, I found him decidedly better.On the third day after the bleeding, he was able to lie down in bed.In the course of a week, he was walking about the ward, and soon afterwards left the hospital convalescent, and, as he himself thought, quite well, but, of course, with his organic disease of the heart unchanged.In this case, the good effects of the bleeding were too imme- diate and lasting to leave any kind of doubt as to their reality;
Transmyocardial laser revascularization preserves regional myocardial perfusion: an MRI first pass perfusion study
Authors: O Mühling
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: It is controversial whether transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) improves myocardial perfusion. Therefore, we assessed myocardial perfusion before and after TMLR with quantitative magnetic resonance perfusion imaging (MRPI) in an animal study. Methods: One week after partial occlusion of the left circumflex artery (LCx) in 12 pigs, resting perfusion (ml/g/min), perfusion reserve (PR) with adenosine, regional wall thickening (RWT), cardiac output (CO) were quantified with MRI in the LCx (lateral) and LAD (septal) dependent myocardium. Subsequently, six animals were treated with TMLR of the lateral left ventricle (LV). Six animals were left untreated. A final MR was performed 8 weeks later. MRPI data were compared to microsphere-derived blood flow and % LV necrosis (TTC). 'Normal' myocardial perfusion was assessed with MRPI in 12 non-instrumented animals. Results: Resting perfusion prior to TMLR (0.7–0.9±0.3) in the LV-lateral myocardium was preserved after TMLR (1.0±0.3) and decreased without TMLR (0.3±0.1, P<0.05). There was a significant difference (P<0.01) between the TMLR treated and untreated group. Compared to 'normals' (1.2±0.2) perfusion of the LV-lateral wall was not different after TMLR but reduced (P<0.02) without TMLR. PR was not different between TMLR-treated (1.4±0.9) and untreated (1.9±0.6) group but was reduced (P<0.04) compared to PR of 'normals' (2.7±0.8). MRPI data and microsphere-derived perfusion were significantly correlated (P<0.01). RWT in the LCx-dependent myocardium improved (P<0.02) after TMLR. CO decreased (P<0.02) and TTC-staining indicated more LV-necrosis without TMLR (6.6±1.6 vs. 3.7±1.5, P<0.01). Conclusion: TMLR preserves regional myocardial perfusion and improves function as shown with MRPI.
Alveolar macrophage-derived chemotactic factor: kinetics of in vitro production and partial characterization.
Authors: W W Merrill, G P Naegel, R A Matthay, H Y Reynolds
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Alveolar macrophages are the initial phagocytic cells that encounter foreign material and particulates deposited in the terminal airways. We have examined a mechanism by which these cells, after phagocytic challenge, may control or amplify the inflammatory response in lung parenchyma. Normal human alveolar macrophages (AM) were studied from eight subjects. With in vitro culture, AM produced and released two substances into culture media which have potent chemoattractant activity for blood polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) and negligible activity for mononuclear cells. Release of these factors is maximally stimulated by aggregated human immunoglobulin (Ig)G or zymosan particles; however, simple adhesion of the macrophages to plastic surfaces is also sufficient to stimulate release of these chemotactic substances. The larger substance (10,000 daltons) is immunologically distinct from C5a and interacts with a different PMN membrane receptor than that known to exist for formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Its chemotactic activity is sensitive to the enzymatic effect of trypsin. Although producing a single elution peak on gelfiltration chromatography, electrofocusing in polyacrylamide gels yielded five peaks of radioactivity. Chemotactic activity was localized to a fraction with a pI = 5.0. The smaller molecular weight substance has been less well characterized. Thus, the human AM can produce at least two factors which attract PMN and this capability may augment the local inflammatory response in the lung.
NEURASTHENIA AND ITS TREATMENT.
Authors: H. C. SHARP
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Neurasthenia is far from a rare disease. In fact, from the point of frequency, it stands at the head of the list of nervous diseases and is the most important neurosis met with by the general practitioner. This is especially true in America. Beard, who was the first to recognize the importance of this disease, believed it to be limited to this country, and described it as being a condition recognized by a group of symptoms which do not rest upon any distinguishable anatomic basis, and peculiar to America. Later investigation, however, has shown that people of other nations are subject to neurasthenia, although it is by far more prevalent in our own than any other country. In my judgment, this is due to the fact that we expend a greater amount of energy in accomplishing our ends than any other people on the face of the globe. A business
Budgeting for Change — Obama's Down Payment on Health Care Reform
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Outlining a bold set of initiatives that would increase the role of government well beyond the boundaries sketched out by the $787 billion economic stimulus package, President Barack Obama has proposed a 2010 budget supporting his commitment to expanding a range of domestic programs, redistributing wealth to middle- and lower-income families, and reforming the health care system. The spending plan is breathtaking in scope and is designed to replace conservative policies that have been embraced by Republican administrations going back to Ronald Reagan. Released on February 26, the $3.6 trillion proposal calls on Congress to commit to a down payment . . .
Increased lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis factor-?, interferon-? and interleukin-10 production in atopic dermatitis
Authors: D. Simon, L.R. Braathen, H-U. Simon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is based on a genetic predisposition, but environmental factors may trigger skin inflammation. According to the hygiene hypothesis, decreased exposure to microbial products in early childhood does not allow sufficient maturation of the immune system that is associated with an increased risk of atopic sensitization.The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of AD patients and nonatopic controls was studied.PBMC were isolated from heparinized blood of 10 patients with AD and 10 nonatopic individuals, suspended in culture medium and stimulated with LPS. Cytokine levels in the supernatants were measured by immunoassays. Results Upon stimulation with LPS, PBMC from AD patients produced significantly higher amounts of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 compared with control PBMC. LPS stimulation blocked the increased spontaneous production of IL-4 and IL-5 by PBMC from AD patients, but had no effect on IL-13 production.These results demonstrate that the effects of LPS stimulation depend on both the type of cytokine and the origin of PBMC. Endotoxin exposure is suggested to modulate the disease course of AD.
Cardiovascular Hazards of Air Travel
Authors: Mark R. Milner
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the April 1 issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Cummins et al<sup>1</sup>address the risk of sudden death during commercial air travel. Yet, the risk of sudden death is slight compared with the in-flight dangers we place on our coronary anatomy. On a recent cross-country flight, I had the displeasure of being seated in the malodorous smoking section. Not only was my circulatory system subjected to five hours of nicotine-containing vasospastic fumes, but in addition my lipoprotein-carrying system was tempted by an "oilaceous" feast of delectable niblets. Breakfast consisted of scrambled eggs, juicy pork sausages, a muffin with butter, and coffee with an artificial creamer containing coconut and palm oil. Not to be outdined, the luncheon chef designed a plaque-forming meal of a ham and cheese sandwich, 196 g (7 oz) of creamy cheddar cheese, and chocolate-covered macadamia nuts. The only safe food was two breadsticks and Dijon
East meets West to balance immunologic yin and yang
Authors: Catherine Macek
Journal: JAMA (1984)

X The commune worker was referred to the Beijing hospital with complaints of severe headaches, nasal obstruction, and ringing in his ears for several months. A roentgenogram confirmed the preliminary diagnosis: nasopharyngeal cancer, one of the most frequent among Chinese. The prescribed treatment: radiotherapy, but with a "plus"—a daily tonic produced by boiling a mixture of medicinal herbs specifically selected for the patient to bring his<i>yin</i>and<i>yang</i>into balance again. This unusual hybrid of Western and traditional Chinese medicine has been evolving in mainland China since the revolution in 1949, when the new government's health policy moved toward uniting the two approaches. The result is a health care system that retains the cultural heritage so important to many Chinese. One continuing obstacle to the merger, however, is that traditional Chinese medicine is based on centuries-old empirical observations instead of current objective experimentation. But a number of Chinese physicians
Long-term maintenance of mouse embryonic stem cell pluripotency by manipulating integrin signaling within 3D scaffolds without active Stat3
Authors: Seung Tae Lee, Jung Im Yun, Andre J. van der Vlies, Stephan Kontos, Mi Jang, Seung Pyo Gong, Dae Yong Kim, Jeong M. Lim, Jeffrey A. Hubbell
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Dissent on Questions of the Month
Authors: ROBERT M. GLASSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Letters and Comments1 June 1968Dissent on Questions of the MonthROBERT M. GLASSER, M.D.ROBERT M. GLASSER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-6-1374 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:This letter is in reference to the question of the month on cardiovascular disease (no. 632) that appeared on p. 532 of the March 1968 ANNALS OFINTERNALMEDICINE. That examination of erythrocyte morphology would be the most useful diagnostic procedure in a setting so suspect of sickle cell disease and associated pulmonary infarction is unquestioned and of course implies that this simple technique would enable one to recognize an underlying cause of the pulmonary problem. Perhaps it should also be pointed out that examination of the peripheral smear in this clinical setting might also tend to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Hematology University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, N. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1968Volume 68, Issue 6Page: 1374-1374KeywordsCardiovascular diseasesInfarctionPulmonary diseasesSickle cell disease Issue Published: 1 June 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
109 LONG TERM EFFICACY AND SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH THE GUT-SELECTIVE ANTIBIOTIC RIFAXIMIN (550 MG BID) FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF REMISSION FROM OVERT HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
Authors: K.D. Mullen, F. Poordad, L. Rossaro, M. Jamal, J. Talwalkar, S. Huang, K. Merchant, E. Bortey, W.P. Forbes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Mortality and Adherence to Pharmacotherapy After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mitsuyo Kinjo, Kiyoshi Kinjo, Isao Iwata, Soko Setoguchi
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Caring for Older People: Loneliness
Authors: A. Forbes
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Indications for postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy Symptomatic oestrogen deficiency Prevention of osteoporosis Oestrogen deficiency Severe Prolonged (early menopause) History (premenopausal episode of amenorrhoea) Underweight (reduced extraglandular production from adrenal androgens) Glucocorticoid therapy (suppression of adrenal androgen secretion) Cigarette smoking (disturbed metabolism of oestradiol) Subnormal peak bone mass Calcium deficient diet (particularly in childhood and adolescence) Oestrogen deficiency in adolescence Sedentary lifestyle Through disease-for example, fracture, coronary disease Familial predisposition Prevention of coronary heart disease Oestrogen deficiency (as above) Abnormal lipid values (raised low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, subnormal high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, ?raisedLp(a) lipoprotein concentration)t Hypertensiont Diabetes mellitust Cigarette smoking Familial predisposition tHormone replacement therapy is indicated in combination with appropriate treatment specific to the primary condition.