tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antinuclear autoantibodies are more prevalent in COPD in association with low body mass index but not with smoking history
Authors: H. P. J. Bonarius, C. A. Brandsma, H. A. M. Kerstjens, J. A. Koerts, M. Kerkhof, E. Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, C. Roozendaal, D. S. Postma, W. Timens
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a higher prevalence of antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs). However, a significant subgroup of patients is ANA negative. It remains to be determined which patient groups carry autoantibodies. <h3>Methods</h3> The association of smoking behaviour, disease status, gender, age and body mass index (BMI) with the presence of autoantibodies in the serum was determined in 124 patients with COPD and 108 non-COPD control subjects. In addition, the role of B cells in autoantibody generation in COPD was investigated by sequencing the antibody repertoire of B cells in the lungs of patients with COPD and of ex-smoking and never-smoking control subjects. <h3>Results</h3> Patients with COPD had a significantly higher risk of being serum positive for ANAs (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.68 to 5.76, p&lt;0.001). ANAs were not significantly associated with age, smoking status, gender or pack-years of smoking. Within the COPD population, subjects with BMI &lt;22 kg/m<sup>2</sup> had a significantly higher risk of ANAs (OR 4.93, 95% CI 1.50 to 16.50, p=0.009) than those with normal or high BMI. The antibody repertoire of B cells in the lungs of patients with COPD had a high frequency of positively charged CDR3 residues, a feature which is associated with self-reactive antibodies. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The results show that COPD is a heterogeneous disease with respect to the prevalence of ANAs. ANAs are primarily associated with the presence of COPD and with low BMI, but not with smoking and forced expiratory volume in 1 s.
Cephalhematoma Complicated by Osteomyelitis Presumed due to Gardnerella vaginalis
Authors: Luke M. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1986)

CEPHALHEMATOMA is a common condition in the neonate, reported to affect boys more commonly than girls and the right parietal bone more commonly than the left. 1 Neonatal osteomyelitis of the calvaria, on the other hand, is a relatively rare condition. 2-6  Gardnerella vaginalis is an organism of low virulence and invasiveness that is associated with nonspecific vaginitis. 7 The following case report describes a patient with cephalhematoma, right parietal osteomyelitis, a scalp aspirate revealing gram-negative pleomorphic rods, and a positive placental culture of gram-negative rods resembling G vaginalis .  Report of a Case  A male infant weighing 4080 g was born at 43 weeks' gestational age to a 17-year-old primigravida after induction of labor with oxytocin. External fetal heart monitoring showed cardiac rhythm irregularity, and accordingly an internal lead (scalp electrode) was inserted into the vertex. The infant was delivered vaginally under local anesthesia by low forceps after a prolonged
Association Between Eczema and Increased Fracture and Bone or Joint Injury in Adults
Authors: Nitin Garg, Jonathan I. Silverberg
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Adults with eczema have multiple risk factors for accidental injury. However, little is known about the risk of injury in adult patients with eczema.To determine whether adult eczema is associated with an increased risk of injury.A prospective questionnaire-based study using the 2012 National Health Interview Survey among a nationally representative sample of 34 500 adults aged 18 to 85 years with a history of eczema in the past 12 months.History of fracture and bone or joint injury (FBJI) and other injury causing limitation.The prevalences of eczema and any injury causing limitation were 7.2% (95% CI, 6.9%-7.6%) and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.9%-2.2%), respectively. An FBJI causing limitation was reported by 1.5% (95% CI, 1.3%-1.7%), while other types of injury causing limitation occurred in 0.6% (95% CI, 0.5%-0.7%). Adults with eczema had higher odds of any injury causing limitation (survey logistic regression adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.07-1.94), particularly FBJI (aOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.21-2.33), in models controlling for sociodemographics, asthma, hay fever, food allergies, and psychiatric and behavioral disorders. The prevalence of FBJI causing limitation increased gradually with age, peaking at 50 to 69 years and decreasing thereafter. Significant interactions were observed between eczema and fatigue or sleep symptoms, such that adults with eczema and fatigue (aOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.16-2.19), daytime sleepiness (aOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.28-2.55), or insomnia (aOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.28-2.37) had higher rates of FBJI compared with those with sleep symptoms and no eczema. Adults with both eczema and psychiatric and behavioral disorders (aOR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.57-2.93) had higher rates of FBJI compared with those with eczema (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.19-1.61) or psychiatric and behavioral disorders (aOR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.36-1.83) alone.The results of this study suggest that eczema in adulthood is a previously unrecognized risk factor for fracture and other injury causing limitation. Future studies are needed to confirm these associations. The findings may warrant the development of preventive measures for injury risk reduction in adult patients with eczema.
Elevated Homocysteine Reduces Apolipoprotein A-I Expression in Hyperhomocysteinemic Mice and in Males With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Leonie G. Mikael, Jacques Genest, Rima Rozen
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is caused by nutritional or genetic disturbances in homocysteine metabolism. A polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the most common genetic cause of mild hyperhomocysteinemia. To examine mechanisms by which an elevation in plasma homocysteine leads to vascular disease, we first performed microarray analyses in livers of Mthfr-deficient mice and identified differentially expressed genes that are involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Microarrays and RT-PCR showed decreased mRNA for apolipoprotein A (ApoA)-IV and for ApoA-I and increased mRNA for cholesterol 7alpha hydroxylase (Cyp7A1) in Mthfr(+/-) mice compared with Mthfr(+/+) mice. Western blotting revealed that ApoA-I protein levels in liver and plasma of Mthfr(+/-) mice were 52% and 62% of levels in the respective tissues of Mthfr(+/+) mice. We also performed Western analysis for plasma ApoA-I protein levels in 60 males with coronary artery disease and identified a significant (P<0.01) negative correlation (-0.33) between ApoA-I and plasma homocysteine levels. This cohort also displayed a negative correlation (-0.24, P=0.06) between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma homocysteine. Treatment of HepG2 cells with supraphysiological levels of 5 mmol/L homocysteine reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and ApoA-I protein levels and decreased ApoA-I promoter activity. Transfection with a PPARalpha construct upregulated ApoA-I and MTHFR. Our results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia may increase risk of atherosclerosis by decreasing expression of ApoA-I and increasing expression of CYP7A1.
HIV Viral Load Response to Antiretroviral Therapy According to the Baseline CD4 Cell Count and Viral Load
Authors: Andrew N. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (2001)

It is unclear whether delay in initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may lead to a poorer viral load response for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).To characterize the relationship of viral load response to ART with baseline CD4 cell count and baseline viral load.Inception cohort of 3430 therapy-naive patients with HIV, of whom 3226 patients had at least 1 viral load count after the start of ART.Three cohort studies of patients cared for in HIV clinics in Europe between 1996 and 2000.All patients initiating ART consisting of at least 3 drugs initiated in or after 1996 and for whom CD4 cell count and viral load were available in the prior 6 months (at most).Viral load decrease to below 500 copies/mL; viral load rebound to above 500 copies/mL (2 consecutive values).Of 3226 patients during the median follow-up of 119 weeks, 2741 (85%) experienced viral suppression to less than 500 copies/mL by 32 weeks. Relative hazards (RHs) of achieving this were 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.21) and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.84-1.04) for baseline CD4 cell counts between 200 and 349 x 10(6)/L and baseline CD4 cell counts lower than 200 x 10(6)/L, respectively, compared with baseline CD4 cell counts of 350 x 10(6)/L or higher, after adjustment for several factors including baseline viral load. For baseline viral load, the RHs were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.84-1.07) and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.58-0.74), for 10 000 to 99 999 and 100 000 copies/mL or greater, respectively, compared with less than 10 000 copies/mL, but the probability of viral load lower than 500 copies/mL at week 32 was similar in all 3 groups. Subsequent rebound above 500 copies/mL was no more likely with a lower baseline CD4 cell count or higher viral load.In this study, lower CD4 cell counts and higher viral loads at baseline were not associated with poorer virological outcome of ART. Those with baseline viral loads of greater than 100 000 copies/mL had a slower rate of achieving viral suppression.
Dietary patterns and asthma in the E3N study
Authors: R. Varraso, F. Kauffmann, B. Leynaert, N. Le Moual, M. C. Boutron-Ruault, F. Clavel-Chapelon, I. Romieu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The aim of the present study was to determine dietary patterns and investigate their association with asthma incidence, current asthma and frequent asthma exacerbations. Dietary habits and asthma data were collected from the large E3N study (of French females, mostly teachers). Of the 54,672 females followed-up in 2003, 2,634 reported ever-adulthood asthma, 1,063 reported current asthma, 206 reported frequent asthma attacks (one or more a week), and 628 reported asthma onset between 1993 and 2003. Using principal component analysis, three dietary patterns were identified: the "prudent" pattern (fruits and vegetables); the "Western" pattern (pizza/salty pies, dessert and cured meats); and the "nuts and wine" pattern. Pattern scores were categorised into tertiles, and the incidence and prevalence of asthma was compared between tertiles. After adjustment for confounders, no association of dietary patterns was observed with asthma incidence, ever-asthma or current asthma. The Western pattern was associated with an increased risk of reporting frequent asthma attacks (highest <i>versus</i> lowest tertile odds ratio (OR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–3.73). Increasing scores of the nuts and wine pattern were associated with a decreased risk of reporting frequent asthma attacks (highest <i>versus</i> lowest tertile OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.31–0.96). The results of the present study suggest that overall diet could be involved in frequent asthma exacerbations, one aspect of asthma severity.
Increased Skeletal Muscle Capillarization After Aerobic Exercise Training and Weight Loss Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With IGT
Authors: Steven J. Prior, Jacob B. Blumenthal, Leslie I. Katzel, Andrew P. Goldberg, Alice S. Ryan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE Transcapillary transport of insulin is one determinant of glucose uptake by skeletal muscle; thus, a reduction in capillary density (CD) may worsen insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle CD is lower in older adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) compared with those with normal glucose tolerance and may be modifiable through aerobic exercise training and weight loss (AEX+WL). We tested the hypothesis that 6-month AEX+WL would increase CD to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in older adults with IGT. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sixteen sedentary, overweight-obese (BMI 27–35 kg/m2), older (63 ± 2 years) men and women with IGT underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps to measure insulin sensitivity, oral glucose tolerance tests, exercise and body composition testing, and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies to determine CD before and after 6-month AEX+WL. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity (M) and 120-min postprandial glucose (G120) correlated with CD at baseline (r = 0.58 and r = −0.60, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.05). AEX+WL increased maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) 18% (P = 0.02) and reduced weight and fat mass 8% (P &amp;lt; 0.02). CD increased 15% (264 ± 11 vs. 304 ± 14 capillaries/mm2, P = 0.01), M increased 21% (42.4 ± 4.0 vs. 51.4 ± 4.3 µmol/kg FFM/min, P &amp;lt; 0.05), and G120 decreased 16% (9.35 ± 0.5 vs. 7.85 ± 0.5 mmol/L, P = 0.008) after AEX+WL. Regression analyses showed that the AEX+WL-induced increase in CD independently predicted the increase in M (r = 0.74, P &amp;lt; 0.01) as well as the decrease in G120 (r = −0.55, P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Six-month AEX+WL increases skeletal muscle CD in older adults with IGT. This represents one mechanism by which AEX+WL improves insulin sensitivity in older adults with IGT.
β-Cell Function Declines Within the First Year Postpartum in Women With Recent Glucose Intolerance in Pregnancy
Authors: Ravi Retnakaran, Ying Qi, Mathew Sermer, Philip W. Connelly, Anthony J.G. Hanley, Bernard Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and mild glucose intolerance in pregnancy identify women at increased risk of future type 2 diabetes. In this context, we queried whether metabolic changes that occur in the 1st year postpartum vary in relation to gestational glucose tolerance status.
The Role of Toll-like Receptor 4 in Environmental Airway Injury in Mice
Authors: John W. Hollingsworth, Donald N. Cook, David M. Brass, Julia K. L. Walker, Daniel L. Morgan, W. Michael Foster, David A. Schwartz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Inhalation of toxins commonly found in air pollution contributes to the development and progression of asthma and environmental airway injury. In this study, we investigated the requirement of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in mice for pulmonary responses to three environmental toxins: aerosolized lipopolysaccharide, particulate matter (residual oil fly ash), and ozone. The physiologic and biologic responses to these toxins were evaluated by the extent of airway responsiveness, neutrophil recruitment to the lower respiratory tract, changes in inflammatory cytokines, and the concentration of protein in the lavage fluid. Genetically engineered, TLR4-deficient mice (C57BL/6(TLR4-/-)) were unresponsive to inhaled lipopolysaccharide, except for minimal increases in some inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, C57BL/6(TLR4-/-) mice did not differ from wild-type mice in their airway response to instilled residual oil fly ash or acute ozone exposure; however, we found that, despite a robust inflammatory response, C57BL/6(TLR4-/-) mice are protected against the development of airway hyperresponsiveness after subchronic ozone exposure. These data demonstrate in the mouse that the requirement of TLR4 for pulmonary inflammation depends on the nature of the toxin and appears specific to toxin and exposure conditions.
STK33 Kinase Is Not Essential in KRAS-Dependent Cells–Response
Authors: Isabelle Dussault, Josette Carnahan, Carol Babij, Yihong Zhang, Vivienne J. Watson, Kim Quon, Paul D. Kassner
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Our recently published work ([1][1]) was initiated based on the conclusion in Scholl and colleagues that “cells that are dependent on mutant KRAS exhibit sensitivity to suppression of STK33, irrespective of tissue of origin” and that “STK33 promotes cancer cell viability in a kinase activity
Validity and factor structure of the bodybuilding dependence scale
Authors: D Smith, B Hale
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Objectives: To investigate the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the bodybuilding dependence scale and to investigate differences in bodybuilding dependence between men and women and competitive and non-competitive bodybuilders. Methods: Seventy two male competitive bodybuilders, 63 female competitive bodybuilders, 87 male non-competitive bodybuilders, and 63 non-competitive female bodybuilders completed the bodybuilding dependence scale (BDS), the exercise dependence questionnaire (EDQ), and the muscle dysmorphia inventory (MDI). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the BDS supported a three factor model of bodybuilding dependence, consisting of social dependence, training dependence, and mastery dependence ( Q = 3.16, CFI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.04). Internal reliability of all three subscales was high (Cronbach’s α = 0.92, 0.92, and 0.93 respectively). Significant (p&lt;0.001) and moderate correlations were found between all BDS and MDI subscales, and between five of the eight EDQ subscales. A multivariate analysis of covariance, with univariate F tests and Tukey HSD tests, revealed that both male and female competitive bodybuilders scored significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher on all three BDS subscales than the male and female non-competitive bodybuilders. However, there were no significant sex differences on any of the BDS subscales (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The three factor BDS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of bodybuilding dependence. Symptoms of bodybuilding dependence are more prevalent in competitive bodybuilders than non-competitive ones, but there are no significant sex differences in bodybuilding dependence.
Tobacco Dependence: Why Should an Oncologist Care?
Authors: Yolanda I. Garces, J. Taylor Hays
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Article Tools ART OF ONCOLOGY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.07.102 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print November 1, 2016 PMID: 12721267 Tobacco Dependence: Why Should an Oncologist Care? Yolanda I. GarcesxYolanda I. GarcesSearch for articles by this author , J. Taylor HaysxJ. Taylor HaysSearch for articles by this author Show More From the Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology and the Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.07.102 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2003 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Local Cytokine Concentrations and Oxygen Pressure Are Related to Maturation of the Collateral Circulation in Humans
Authors: Stephan H. Schirmer, Niels van Royen, Perry D. Moerland, Joost O. Fledderus, José P. Henriques, René J. van der Schaaf, Marije M. Vis, Jan Baan, Karel T. Koch, Anton J.G. Horrevoets, Imo E. Hoefer, Jan J. Piek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Green Tea (Camelia Sinensis) Suppresses B Cell Production Of IgE Without Inducing Apoptosis
Authors: E. Hassanain, J.I. Silverberg, K.B. Norowitz, S. Chice, L. Wright, C. Connan Forgy, M.H. Bluth, N. Brody, R. Joks, H.G. Durkin, T.A. Smith-Norowitz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Grandmother's smoking when pregnant with the mother and asthma in the grandchild: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Authors: M. C. Magnus, S. E. Haberg, O. Karlstad, P. Nafstad, S. J. London, W. Nystad
Journal: Thorax (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> A trans-generational influence of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure on asthma development has been proposed but the evidence remains sparse. <h3>Methods</h3> We examined the grandmother9s smoking when pregnant with the mother in relation to asthma outcomes in the grandchild (current asthma at 36 months (N=53 169, cases=3013), current asthma at 7 years (N=25 394, cases=1265) and dispensed asthma medications at 7 years in the Norwegian Prescription Database (N=45 607, cases=1787)) within the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). We calculated adjusted RR (adj. RR) and 95% CIs using log binomial regression. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 23.5% of mothers reported that their mother smoked when pregnant with them. The grandmother9s smoking when pregnant with the mother was positively associated with asthma at 36 months (adj. RR 1.15 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.24)), asthma at 7 years (adj. RR 1.21 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.37)) and dispensed asthma medications at 7 years (adj. RR 1.15 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.26)). This positive association did not differ significantly by the mother9s smoking status when pregnant with the child (p values for multiplicative interaction &gt;0.1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The grandmother9s smoking when pregnant with the mother increased the risk of asthma in the grandchild independent of the mother9s smoking status. However, given limited information on the grandmother9s socioeconomic status, asthma status and other factors, unmeasured confounding may be present.
ABCG2 Pharmacogenetics
Authors: Floris A. de Jong, Sharon Marsh, Ron H. J. Mathijssen, Cristi King, Jaap Verweij, Alex Sparreboom, Howard L. McLeod
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein) is an efflux protein that plays a role in host detoxification of various xenobiotic substrates, including the irinotecan metabolite 7- ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38). The ABCG2 421C&amp;gt;A polymorphism has been associated with reduced protein expression and altered function in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ethnic distribution and potential functional consequence of the ABCG2 421C&amp;gt;A genotype in cancer patients treated with irinotecan. Experimental Design: ABCG2 genotyping was performed using Pyrosequencing on DNA from 88 American Caucasians, 94 African Americans, 938 Africans, and 95 Han Chinese, as well as in 84 European Caucasian patients treated with irinotecan undergoing additional blood sampling for pharmacokinetic studies. Results: Significant differences in allele frequencies were observed between the given world populations (P &amp;lt; 0.001), the variant allele being most common in the Han Chinese population with a frequency as high as 34%. The mean area under the curve of irinotecan and SN-38 were 19,851 and 639 ng × hour/mL, respectively. The frequency of the variant allele (10.7%) was in line with results in American Caucasians. No significant changes in irinotecan pharmacokinetics were observed in relation to the ABCG2 421C&amp;gt;A genotype, although one of two homozygous variant allele carriers showed extensive accumulation of SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronide. Conclusions: The ABCG2 421C&amp;gt;A polymorphism appears to play a limited role in the disposition of irinotecan in European Caucasians. It is likely that the contribution of this genetic variant is obscured by a functional role of other polymorphic proteins.
An insulin peptide that binds an alternative site in class II major histocompatibility complex.
Authors: S M Tompkins, J C Moore, P E Jensen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

We report that a peptide from the B chain of insulin, B(10-30), binds with high affinity to multiple class II proteins, including IAb,d,k, IEd,k, and DR1. The ability of B(10-30) to inhibit the binding of other peptide antigens to class II does not correlate with its affinity for class II. B(10-30) only weakly inhibits the binding of antigenic peptides. Conversely, peptides with high affinity for the peptide-binding groove of various class II proteins do not inhibit B(10-30) binding. The rate of association of B(10-30) with class II is unusually rapid, approaching saturation in 1-2 h compared with 1-2 d for classical peptide antigens in the same conditions. The dissociation rate is also relatively rapid. The B(10-30) peptide inhibits the binding of the super-antigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) to IAk. It also inhibits SEB-mediated T cell activation. These observations support the conclusion that B(10-30) binds to a site outside the peptide-binding groove. Our findings indicate that short-lived peptide-class II complexes can be formed through interactions involving the SEB-binding site and raise the possibility that alternative complexes may serve as T cell receptor ligands.