tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE DIAGNOSIS OF TRAUMATIC LESIONS IN THE CEREBRO-SPINAL AXIS AND THE DETECTION OF MALINGERING REFERRED TO THIS CENTRE.
Authors: B. A. WATSON
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The counterfeit can not be detected without an accurate knowledge of the genuine, and in addition to this an exact knowledge of the counterfeit, and likewise a definite knowledge of the difference between the genuine and counterfeit, is still imperatively required. It therefore follows that he who would attempt to detect malingering should always be able to diagnose concussion of the brain and spinal cord. The proper performance of this task requires a full knowledge of the etiology, semeiology and pathology of the morbid condition under consideration. Let us, therefore, direct our attention to these essential factors of diagnosis—carefully analyzing each—in order that we may more thoroughly comprehend their relation and bearing on each other. It is universally admitted that concussion of the spinal cord most commonly follows falls upon the feet, buttocks, less frequently on the hands when both arms are outstretched, gun-shot wounds involving portions of the spinal
Prevalence of antibodies to human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus in blood donors in north London.
Authors: M Brennan, J Runganga, J A Barbara, M Contreras, R S Tedder, J A Garson, P W Tuke, P P Mortimer, L McAlpine, J H Tosswill
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To determine the prevalence of antibodies to the human T cell leukaemia/lymphoma viruses (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) in blood donors in north London in order to assess the economic impact and the logistic effects that routine screening would have on the blood supply.All donations collected by the north London blood transfusion centre between January 1991 and June 1991 were screened for antibodies to HTLV-I and HTLV-II by modified, improved Fujirebio gel particle agglutination test. Positive samples were titrated and retested as necessary.96,720 unpaid volunteers, who gave 105,730 consecutive donations of blood and plasma.North London blood transfusion centre.Observed numbers of donors confirmed to be seropositive for HTLV by reference laboratories.Of 2622 (2.5%) initially reactive samples, 414 (0.4% of all samples) gave a titre of > or = 1 in 16 on the modified agglutination test. Thirty five of the 414 serum samples yielded positive results on one of two enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA (Cambridge Biotech and Abbot)), and none of these results were confirmed by either reference laboratory. Five samples yielded positive results on both ELISAs and all five of these were confirmed to contain antibodies to HTLV. One of the five contained antibodies to HTLV-II and the others antibodies to HTLV-I. Four seropositive donors were white women whose only risk factor for infection was sexual contact. The fifth (positive for antibodies to HTLV-II) was an Anglo-Caribbean man who admitted to previous misuse of intravenous drugs.The prevalence of antibodies to HTLV in blood donors in north London was one in 19,344 (0.005%). Up to 100 donors a year might be identified in the United Kingdom as being infected with HTLV, although prevalence in different regions may vary considerably.
Severe Disruption of the Acetabulum
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc, William N. Jones, William H. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. William Stewart: A 53-year-old physicist was involved in an automobile accident in Switzerland two months prior to admission here. He had sustained a severe fracture of his right hip with extensive disruption of the acetabulum. There was no injury of the sciatic nerve. He had responded satisfactorily to emergency care and was treated initially with skeletal traction through his distal right femur. Despite two separate closed reductions, it was impossible to maintain a satisfactory relationship between the femoral head and the remnant of the dome of the acetabulum, even with skeletal traction and balanced suspension. Consequently he was placed in a plaster of paris one and a half spica and returned to the United States for further care. Although his hip had been reduced again at the time the spica was applied, the femoral head became redislocated in the cast. He had had a urinary tract infection during his
Renal Amyloidosis in AIDS
Authors: Anson Joseph, Ravinder K. Wali, Edward J. Weinman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters4 July 2000Renal Amyloidosis in AIDSAnson Joseph, MD, Ravinder K. Wali, MD, and Edward J. Weinman, MDAnson Joseph, MDUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baltimore, MD 21201Search for more papers by this author, Ravinder K. Wali, MDUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baltimore, MD 21201Search for more papers by this author, and Edward J. Weinman, MDUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baltimore, MD 21201Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-1-200007040-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We recently evaluated a 41-year-old HIV-1–positive woman whose blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels increased from 82 and 8.9 mg/dL, respectively, over 3 months. Kidney light microscopy and electron microscopy showed extensive deposition of amyloid. This case prompted a reconsideration of renal disease in HIV-positive patients.A spectrum of unique renal diseases has been reported in HIV-positive patients (1). Many of these patients have collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (HIV-associated nephropathy) characterized by heavy proteinuria and rapid deterioration of renal function (2). Some clinicians use the designation of HIV-associated nephropathy to include all HIV-positive patients with renal ...References1. D'Agati V, Appel GV. Renal pathology of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Semin Nephrol. 1998;18:406-21. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. Pastan S, Bailey J. Dialysis therapy. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1428-37. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Wali RK, Drachenberg CI, Papadimitriou JC, Keay S, Ramos E. HIV-1-associated nephropathy and response to highly-active antiretroviral therapy [Letter]. Lancet. 1998;352:783-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Anson Joseph, MD; Ravinder K. Wali, MD; Edward J. Weinman, MDAffiliations: University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baltimore, MD 21201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNéphropathies rencontrées au cours de l’infection par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH)Acute Renal Failure and Nephrotic Range Proteinuria due to Amyloidosis in an HIV-Infected PatientNéphropathies rencontrées au cours de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) 4 July 2000Volume 133, Issue 1Page: 75KeywordsAmyloidosisAntigensHighly active antiretroviral therapyKidneysLight microscopyOpportunistic infectionsPatientsProteinuriaRenal diseasesRenal failure ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 4 July 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Website gives survival rates for congenital heart disease centres
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Officials in Nigeria have filed criminal and civil charges against Pfizer for its role in the deaths and disabilities of children who were treated with an experimental drug during a meningitis outbreak in Kano in 1996.The charges, filed by government prosecutors in Nigeria, follow three attempts by families of the children to sue in US courts.All three attempts were denied after Pfizer successfully argued that the US courts were not an appropriate forum.Four separate legal actions have been filed in Nigeria, including 31 criminal counts against 10 people, according to the Washington Post (www.washingtonpost.com, 2 Jun, "Pfizer faces new charges over Nigerian drug test").The plaintiffs also seek a total of $9bn (£4.5bn; €7bn) in civil suits.The charges stem from Pfizer's test of its unlicensed drug, trovafloxacin (Trovan) to treat 100 children with meningitis.A comparator group of 100 children were treated with a low dose of ceftriaxone.Suits on appeal in US courts charge Pfizer with causing harm to the children in both arms of the trial, alleging that a number of the children either died or were left deaf, mute, or brain damaged.The families allege that the company failed to tell them that their children were being enrolled in an experimental drug trial and that free, effective treatment was available from Médecins Sans Frontières at the same hospital.Five children in the trovafloxacin arm and six in the ceftriaxone arm died, according to Pfizer.Pfizer issued a statement in response to the charges, saying "Pfizer continues to emphasise-in the strongest terms-that the 1996 Trovan clinical study was conducted with the full knowledge of the Nigerian government and in a responsible and ethical way consistent with the company's abiding commitment to patient safety."Any allegations in these lawsuits to the contrary are simply untrue." Niger�ia files cr�iminal char�ges against Pfizer�
Heat Artifact Simulating Adenocarcinoma of Fallopian Tube
Authors: John L. Cornog
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the unusual case here described, artifact caused by accidental exposure to heat of a surgical specimen from a tubal ligation led to the initial pathologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube. Although the circumstances which occasioned this mistake are rare, awareness of this potential source of diagnostic error is worthwhile, since prior knowledge is all that is necessary for its complete avoidance. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 41-year-old married woman, gravida, para 4, was admitted for evaluation of recurrent intermenstrual spotting, which had previously occurred in 1956 and 1966; both episodes responded to dilatation and curettage. The remainder of the medical history was noncontributory. Pelvic examination showed a healthy lower genital tract, a normal uterus, and normal adnexa. A dilatation and curettage and Pomeroy tubal ligation were performed. No gross abnormalities were noted at surgery. The curettings were diagnosed histologically as early secretory endometrium. On
Treatment of elderly patients with breast cancer.
Authors: H. J. Stewart, D. Everington
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Medline search.This showed that during 1982-6 nine papers included the phrase in their titles with a further 59 using it in the abstract.During 1987- 91 these figures jumped to 35 and 373 respectively.These figures do not include other papers that use the phrase elsewhere in the text.A close inspection of these 35 recent publications indicates that the use is subject to considerable criticism.In 19 cases the designation gold standard is questioned in such varied conditions as depres- sion,' left ventricular function,4 osteoporosis,5 and gastro-oesophageal reflux.! This is not surprising, I suppose, as these are clinical conditions that are not amenable to the certainty implied in the term.Because the phrase smacks of dogma its use should be discontinued in medical science.After all, the financiers gave up the idea of a gold standard decades ago.
Value of Cuff Occlusion Pressures in Assessment of Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: C. L. Cutajar, A. Marston, J. F. Newcombe
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Cuff occlusion pressures using the ultrasonic Doppler machine were recorded in 30 normal legs and in 90 legs with peripheral vascular disease. With this technique it was possible to show obstructions to the circulation above and below the inguinal ligament.
REVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS IN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Aims C. McGuinness
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Since the beginning of World War II there have been many advances in the fields of active and passive immunization which justify a review of current trends in methods of protection in everyday use by the practitioner. While this paper is concerned primarily with immunization in the pediatric age group, immunization of adults will be discussed when recommendations differ from those advised for infants and children.  DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS, PERTUSSIS, AND SMALLPOX  With low carrier rates prevailing in all but a few areas of this country, the stimulus necessary to keep our population immune to diphtheria must be provided artificially. Thirty to fifty per cent of our adult population is susceptible1to diphtheria, and newborn infants of susceptible2mothers likewise are susceptible. Infants should be protected as soon as feasible.  Pertussis still is a severe and prevalent disease to which most newborn infants are susceptible, and they should receive
The Government Yields
Authors: John C. Ballin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

There is possibly no more favorite whipping boy in Washington, DC, these days than the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Long the target of Congressional critics, the FDA more recently has come under attack by the "consumer advocates" who accuse the beleaguered agency of insensitivity in protecting the public health. Indeed, the Nader-type critics appear to be dissatisfied with any FDA decision short of guaranteeing that drugs are 100% effective as well as totally harmless. The thrust of these critics is for<i>more</i>governmental regulation. Buffeting the FDA from the opposite direction is a pharmaceutical industry that complains of red tape, bureaucratic harassment, and long delays in approving new drugs. The industrial critics obviously favor<i>less</i>governmental regulation. Finally, there is a profound distrust of the FDA by a large segment of the medical profession. In the eyes of many physicians, the FDA is interfering with quality medical practice by
False-Negative Morphine-Augmented Cholescintigraphy in a Patient with Gangrenous Cholecystitis
Authors: EDWIN E. YEO, JAMES C. LOW, FARAMARZ AZIZI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Intravenous morphine sulfate is commonly used to shorten study time and has been reported not to lower the specificity of hepatobiliary imaging. Although the false-negative rate is low, caution has to be taken in interpreting morphine-enhanced cholescintigraphy. The report presents a false-negative study in a patient with acute gangrenous cholecystitis.
PFI critic rebuts criticism from select committee
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Professor Allyson Pollock, head of the Health Policy and Health Services Research Unit, University College London, and one of the leading critics of the government's private finance initiative (PFI), has written to David Hinchliffe MP, chairman of the Commons health select committee, protesting about the committee's recent report (18 May, p 1173).

She has asked the committee to withdraw paragraphs 65 to 69 of the report, The Role of the Private Sector in the NHS , which was published last month and which criticised the work of her unit.

Professor Pollock says in her letter: “The damaging remarks are based on an inaccurate account of the committee's own proceedings, including oral evidence and written memoranda, and of our research.

“The rebuttal by …
Basophilic-Eosinophilic Meningitis in an Undifferentiated Myeloproliferative Disorder
Authors: Jeffrry P. Jaffe, Charles L. Loprinzi
Journal: JAMA (1983)

BASOPHILIA and eosinophilia are common findings during an "accelerated phase" of chronic myeloproliferative disorders, particularly chronic myelogenous leukemia.<sup>1,2</sup>When these diseases involve the meninges, it is invariably as "leukemic meningitis," usually during the blastic transformation to acute leukemia, and blasts are the primary cell found in the CSF.<sup>3</sup>A case of an undifferentiated myeloproliferative disorder (Philadelphia chromosome negative) occurred, in which the terminal event was characterized by a severe infiltration of the meninges with basophils and, to a lesser extent, eosinophils, without the presence of leukemic blasts. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 40-year-old woman was seen at the hospital 2 1/2 years before her present admission with vaginal bleeding, leukocytosis (116,000/cu mm, with 1% blast forms, 2% myelocytes, 9% metamyelocytes, 34% band forms, 38% polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 3% lymphocytes, 2% monocytes, 1% basophils, and 2% eosinophils), thrombocytosis (3,500,000/cu mm), a normal bone marrow karyotype, a leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score
Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of adenosine in conscious man. Evidence for chemoreceptor activation.
Authors: I Biaggioni, B Olafsson, R M Robertson, A S Hollister, D Robertson
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of intravenous adenosine were studied in conscious normal volunteers. Bolus injections of adenosine increased systolic and diastolic pressures initially (+15 and +13 mm Hg after 100 micrograms/kg) followed by a subsequent reduction in systolic and diastolic pressures (-12 and -16 mm Hg). Heart rate increased during trough blood pressure (R-R interval shortening of 298 msec after 100 micrograms/kg). Adenosine steady-state infusions increased heart rate (+30 beats/min during 140 micrograms/kg/min), systolic pressure (+16 mm Hg), and pulse pressure (+21 mm Hg) but decreased diastolic pressure slightly (-5 mm Hg), resulting in no significant change in mean arterial pressure. Adenosine stimulated respiration, resulting in decreased PaCO2 (41 to 31 mm Hg), increased PaCO2 (101 to 113 mm Hg), and increased pH (7.42 to 7.50). The increased ventilation was not explained by bronchoconstriction, hypotension, or hypoxia. The observed pressor and tachycardic effects are mediated through reflex autonomic mechanisms since they are completely abolished in patients with severe autonomic failure. These autonomic mechanisms probably involve chemoreceptor activation since adenosine is pressor when infused in the aortic arch proximal to the origin of the carotid arteries but depressor when infused in the descending aorta. It is concluded that the hemodynamic and respiratory effects of adenosine observed in normal volunteers are in part due to chemoreceptor stimulation. These findings raise the possibility that adenosine is an endogenous modulator of respiration in man.
DISEASES OF THE NOSE IN THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF OTHER ORGANS
Authors: A. Bronner
Journal: BMJ (1905)

PATHOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF NOSE DISEASE.7 had come at a late hour and on a busy day, and the symptoms presented no signs of urgency, I deferred further nasal examination and simply ordered a nasal douche.Two days later I was summoned to a coroner's inquest to explaiD what operation I had performed without permission of the parents, etc. Happily this had only consisted in the introduction of a nasal speculum and the rhinoscopic mirror-not even a probe had been used.It appeared that the patient, on her return from the hospital, had complained of increased headache, had in the course of the day become unconscious, and had died during the fol- lowing night after several convulsive attacks.At the post mortem examination a basal purulent meningitis was found and a perforation, probably of a syphilitic nature, in the sphenoid bone near the sella turcica.Meningitis Afected bv Eye SymPtom8.In many cases the meningitis or other cerebral symptoms arose consecutively to an orbital abscess or to one or another of the various eye complications before mentioned.Thus in one case blindness of both eyes developed eight days before the fatal meningitis (Duplay), in another strabismus was observed three weeks before basal meningitis (Grtinwald), in another ptosis, dilated pupil, paralysis of eye muscles two weeks before basal meningitis (Demarquay), disease of visual power and ptosis before intradural abscess (Russell), blindness and exophthalmos of both eyes before basal meningitis (Raymond), etc.Several cases of fatal meningitis have been observed after operation on the adnasal cavities, we will take it not because they were operated on, but on account of the operation being performed too late.LITBRATURE.
The Metabolic Response to Trauma
Authors: Jonathan E. Rhoads, Brooke Roberts, John Helwig
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1956)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Downregulation of CREB expression in Alzheimer's brain and in Aβ-treated rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Subbiah Pugazhenthi, Maorong Wang, Serena Pham, Chun-I Sze, Christopher B Eckman
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2011)

Oxidative stress plays an important role in neuronal dysfunction and neuron loss in Alzheimer's brain. Previous studies have reported downregulation of CREB-mediated transcription by oxidative stress and Aβ. The promoter for CREB itself contains cyclic AMP response elements. Therefore, we examined the expression of CREB in the hippocampal neurons of Tg2576 mice, AD post-mortem brain and in cultured rat hippocampal neurons exposed to Aβ aggregates. Laser Capture Microdissection of hippocampal neurons from Tg2576 mouse brain revealed decreases in the mRNA levels of CREB and its target, BDNF. Immunohistochemical analysis of Tg2576 mouse brain showed decreases in CREB levels in hippocampus and cortex. Markers of oxidative stress were detected in transgenic mouse brain and decreased CREB staining was observed in regions showing abundance of astrocytes. There was also an inverse correlation between SDS-extracted Aβ and CREB protein levels in Alzheimer's post-mortem hippocampal samples. The levels of CREB-regulated BDNF and BIRC3, a caspase inhibitor, decreased and the active cleaved form of caspase-9, a marker for the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, was elevated in these samples. Exposure of rat primary hippocampal neurons to Aβ fibrils decreased CREB promoter activity. Decrease in CREB mRNA levels in Aβ-treated neurons was reversed by the antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine. Overexpression of CREB by adenoviral transduction led to significant protection against Aβ-induced neuronal apoptosis. Our findings suggest that chronic downregulation of CREB-mediated transcription results in decrease of CREB content in the hippocampal neurons of AD brain which may contribute to exacerbation of disease progression.