tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation Between the Sarcolemmal Ca <sup>2+</sup> Current and Ca <sup>2+</sup> Sparks and Local Control Theories for Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Authors: L.F. Santana, H. Cheng, A.M. Gómez, M.B. Cannell, W.J. Lederer
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract Ca 2+ sparks, the elementary events underlying excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling, occur when sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ release channels open. They are activated locally by Ca 2+ influx through sarcolemmal (SL) Ca 2+ channels. By measuring the probability of spark occurrence under conditions in which their probability of occurrence is low, we address two important questions raised by our recent work: (1) When a Ca 2+ spark is triggered, how many SL Ca 2+ channels (at a minimum) contribute to its activation? (2) What is the relation between the subcellular local [Ca 2+ ] i produced by the opening of SL Ca 2+ channels and the consequent SR Ca 2+ release? By comparing the voltage dependence of Ca 2+ sparks in rat ventricular myocytes with the Ca 2+ current, we show that the opening of a single SL Ca 2+ channel can trigger a Ca 2+ spark. Furthermore, we deduce that the probability of SR Ca 2+ release depends of the square of the local [Ca 2+ ] i produced by SL Ca 2+ channel openings. These results are discussed with respect to the properties of Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release (CICR) and the local control theory of excitation-contraction coupling.
The Reliability of Teledermatology to Triage Inpatient Dermatology Consultations
Authors: John S. Barbieri, Caroline A. Nelson, William D. James, David J. Margolis, Ryan Littman-Quinn, Carrie L. Kovarik, Misha Rosenbach
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> Many hospitals do not have inpatient dermatologic consultative services, and most have reduced availability of services during off-hours. Dermatologists based in outpatient settings can find it challenging to determine the urgency with which they need to evaluate inpatients when consultations are requested. Teledermatology may provide a valuable mechanism for dermatologists to triage inpatient consultations and increase efficiency, thereby expanding access to specialized care for hospitalized patients. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate whether a store-and-forward teledermatology system is reliable for the initial triage of inpatient dermatology consultations. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Prospective study of 50 consenting adult patients, hospitalized for any indication, for whom an inpatient dermatology consultation was requested between September 1, 2012, and April 31, 2013, at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, an academic medical center. The participants were evaluated separately by both an in-person dermatologist and 2 independent teledermatologists. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary study outcomes were the initial triage and decision to biopsy concordance between in-person and teledermatology evaluations. <h3>Results</h3> Triage decisions were as follows: if the in-person dermatologist recommended the patient be seen the same day, the teledermatologist agreed in 90% of the consultations. If the in-person dermatologist recommended a biopsy, the teledermatologist agreed in 95% of cases on average. When the teledermatologist did not choose the same course of action, there was substantial diagnostic agreement between the teledermatologist and the in-person dermatologist. The Kendall τ rank correlation coefficients for initial triage concordance between the in-person dermatologist and teledermatologists were 0.41 and 0.48. The Cohen κ coefficients for decision to biopsy concordance were 0.35 and 0.61. The teledermatologists were able to triage 60% of consultations to be seen the next day or later. The teledermatologists were able to triage, on average, 10% of patients to be seen as outpatients after discharge. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Teledermatology is reliable for the triage of inpatient dermatology consultations and has the potential to improve efficiency.
Tumor necrosis factor mRNA localized to Paneth cells of normal murine intestinal epithelium by in situ hybridization.
Authors: S Keshav, L Lawson, L P Chung, M Stein, V H Perry, S Gordon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Paneth cells in normal murine small intestine contain TNF mRNA that is readily detectable by in situ hybridization, unlike resident macrophages in lamina propria, which are negative. Northern blot analysis of whole tissue shows the presence of mRNA that has the same electrophoretic mobility as TNF mRNA from activated macrophages. A low level of TNF bioactivity, but no immunoreactivity, was detected in normal small intestine, and TNF production in resting Paneth cells appears to be post-transcriptionally controlled. Typical leukocyte surface membrane markers were not found on Paneth cells, but were expressed by the surrounding lamina propria macrophages. Paneth cells are thus epithelial cells with leukocyte-like secretory potential that may be important in intestinal physiology and pathology.
Scorpion Venom Decreases Lung Liquid Clearance in Rats
Authors: Alejandro P. Comellas, Liuska M. Pesce, Zaher Azzam, Fernando J. Saldías, Jacob I. Sznajder
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

It has been reported that scorpion venom causes respiratory failure and pulmonary edema. However, the effects of this toxin on lung edema clearance have not been previously studied. We examined the effects of scorpion (Tityus serrulatus) venom on the ability of the lung to clear fluid and on alveolar epithelial Na,K-ATPase. The wet-to-dry lung weight ratio was increased in anesthetized rats injected intraperitonally with scorpion venom. Lung edema clearance decreased by up to approximately 60% in rats injected with the venom. Na,K-ATPase α1- and β1-subunit protein abundance and activity decreased at the basolateral membranes of alveolar epithelial type II cells incubated with scorpion venom as compared with that of control animals. There was no difference in cell injury in alveolar epithelial type II cells incubated with scorpion venom for 60 minutes compared with that of control animals. We provide here the first evidence that scorpion venom decreases lung liquid clearance, probably by downregulating Na,K-ATPase in the alveolar epithelium.
967 ATYPICAL PATTERNS OF HCC ON MRI. ANALYSIS OF FAT, CAPSULE AND SIGNAL INTENSITY
Authors: A. Forner, J. Rimóla, S. Tremosini, M. Reig, C. Rodríguez de Lope, R. Vilana, J.M. Llovet, C. Ayuso, J. Bruix
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Low Phosphoinositide-Specific Phospholipase C Activity and Expression of Phospholipase C β<sub>1</sub> Protein in the Prefrontal Cortex of Teenage Suicide Subjects
Authors: Ghanshyam N. Pandey, Yogesh Dwivedi, Subhash C. Pandey, Shaku S. Teas, Robert R. Conley, Rosalinda C. Roberts, Carol A. Tamminga
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The enzyme phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) is a component of the phosphoinositide signal transduction system. Other components of this system have been found to be abnormal in adults and adolescents who have committed suicide, and so the authors examined whether PI-PLC activity and protein expression of PLC isozymes are abnormal in postmortem brains of teenage suicide subjects. METHOD: PI-PLC activity and protein expression of the PLC β1, δ1, and γ1 isozymes were examined in Brodmann's areas 8 and 9 of postmortem brains obtained from 18 teenage suicide subjects and 18 matched comparison subjects. PI-PLC activity was determined by enzymatic assay, and protein expression of the PLC isozymes was determined by the Western blot technique. RESULTS: Compared with the normal subjects, the teenage suicide subjects had significantly lower PI-PLC activity and immunolabeling of the specific PLC β1 isozyme in both membrane and cytosol fractions of Brodmann's areas 8 and 9 combined (prefrontal cortex). There was also a significant correlation between PI-PLC activity and protein levels of the PLC β1 isozyme in the brains of the teenage suicide subjects. There was no significant difference in PI-PLC activity or level of PLC β1 protein between the suicide subjects with a history of mental disorders and those with no history of mental disorders; however, both groups had significantly lower PI-PLC activity and expression of PLC β1 protein than the normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Low PI-PLC activity and expressed levels of the PLC β1 isozyme in postmortem brains of suicide subjects may have clinical relevance in the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior.
Combination Chemotherapy With Gemcitabine Plus Oxaliplatin in Patients With Intensively Pretreated or Refractory Germ Cell Cancer: A Study of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group
Authors: C. Kollmannsberger, J. Beyer, R. Liersch, P. Schoeffski, B. Metzner, J.T. Hartmann, O. Rick, K. Stengele, K. Hohloch, C. Spott, L. Kanz, C. Bokemeyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose Long-term survival is rarely achieved in patients with cisplatin-refractory germ cell cancer (GCT). Both single-agent gemcitabine and oxaliplatin have shown activity in patients who experience relapse or are refractory to cisplatin treatment. This study investigates the activity of a gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin regimen in these patients. Patients and Methods Gemcitabine was administered at a dose of 1,000 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8; oxaliplatin was administered at a dose of 130 mg/m 2 on day 1. Response was evaluated every 4 weeks. Results Thirty-five patients with a median age of 37 years (range, 21 to 54 years) were enrolled onto the study. Primary tumor localization was gonadal, retroperitoneal, or mediastinal in 30, one, and four patients, respectively. Patients had been pretreated with a median of six platinum-containing cycles (range, four to 13 cycles) and 89% of patients previously had experienced treatment failure after high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation. Sixty-three percent of patients were considered absolutely cisplatin-refractory or cisplatin-refractory. A median of two cycles (range, 1 to 6 cycles) per patient were applied. Toxicity consisted mainly of myelosuppression, with Common Toxicity Criteria grade 3 occurring in 54% of patients. Only 9% of patients developed neutropenic fever. Three patients attained a complete remission (CR), two patients attained a marker-negative partial remission, and 11 patients attained a marker-positive partial remission, resulting in an overall response rate of 46% (95% CI, 30% to 64%). All three patients with CR and one patient with a marker-negative partial remission remained disease free at 16+, 12+, 4+, and 2+ months of follow-up. Seven (44%) of these 16 responses, including one CR, occurred in cisplatin-refractory patients. Conclusion Gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin demonstrates antitumor activity with acceptable toxicity in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed or cisplatin-refractory GCT, and may offer a chance of long-term survival for selected patients.
Why We Must Provide Better Support for Pakistan's Female Frontline Health Workers
Authors: Svea Closser, Rashid Jooma
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Svea Closser and Rashid Jooma argue that achieving polio eradication and strengthening Pakistan's health system must focus not just on international engagement but also on local partnerships with Lady Health Workers and other ground-level staff. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Functional Cardiovascular Reserve Predicts Survival Pre-Kidney and Post-Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Stephen M.S. Ting, Hasan Iqbal, Hemali Kanji, Thomas Hamborg, Nicolas Aldridge, Nithya Krishnan, Chris H.E. Imray, Prithwish Banerjee, Rosemary Bland, Robert Higgins, Daniel Zehnder
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

Exercise intolerance is an important comorbidity in patients with CKD. Anaerobic threshold (AT) determines the upper limits of aerobic exercise and is a measure of cardiovascular reserve. This study investigated the prognostic capacity of AT on survival in patients with advanced CKD and the effect of kidney transplantation on survival in those with reduced cardiovascular reserve. Using cardiopulmonary exercise testing, cardiovascular reserve was evaluated in 240 patients who were waitlisted for kidney transplantation between 2008 and 2010, and patients were followed for ≤5 years. Survival time was the primary endpoint. Cumulative survival for the entire cohort was 72.6% (24 deaths), with cardiovascular events being the most common cause of death (54.2%). According to Kaplan-Meier estimates, patients with AT <40% of predicted peak VO2 had a significantly reduced 5-year cumulative overall survival rate compared with those with AT ≥40% (P<0.001). Regarding the cohort with AT <40%, patients who underwent kidney transplantation (6 deaths) had significantly better survival compared with nontransplanted patients (17 deaths) (hazard ratio, 4.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.78 to 11.38; P=0.002). Survival did not differ significantly among patients with AT ≥40%, with one death in the nontransplanted group and no deaths in the transplanted group. In summary, this is the first prospective study to demonstrate a significant association of AT, as the objective index of cardiovascular reserve, with survival in patients with advanced CKD. High-risk patients with reduced cardiovascular reserve had a better survival rate after receiving a kidney transplant.
Excess subcutaneous tissue may preclude intramuscular delivery when using adrenaline autoinjectors in patients with anaphylaxis
Authors: J. Johnstone, S. Hobbins, D. Parekh, S. O'Hickey
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Intramuscular adrenaline is the gold standard treatment for anaphylaxis. Intramuscular injection provides more rapid and higher plasma concentrations than subcutaneous routes. Given the increasing epidemic of obesity patients are at increased risk of subcutaneous delivery, we therefore assessed the depth of subcutaneous tissue in a population of patients with anaphylaxis. Patients already prescribed adrenaline autoinjectors (AAIs) for anaphylaxis were examined with ultrasound, and measurements of skin-to-muscle depth (STMD) at anterolateral thigh and anterior thigh were performed. Twenty-eight patients (23 female, 5 male) with an age range of 18-75 took part in the study, and in 68%, the STMD was greater than AAI needle length (15.02 mm), using the anterolateral thigh as the recommended administration site. The key predictors for increased STMD were female gender (P=0.0003) and a BMI > 30 (P=0.04). AAIs require longer needles to ensure intramuscular administration, and ultrasound at point of prescription would aid needle length selection.
Familial ligand-defective apolipoprotein B. Identification of a new mutation that decreases LDL receptor binding affinity.
Authors: C R Pullinger, L K Hennessy, J E Chatterton, W Liu, J A Love, C M Mendel, P H Frost, M J Malloy, V N Schumaker, J P Kane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Detection of new ligand-defective mutations of apolipoprotein B (apoB) will enable identification of sequences involved in binding to the LDL receptor. Genomic DNA from patients attending a lipid clinic was screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis for novel mutations in the putative LDL receptor-binding domain of apoB-100. A 46-yr-old woman of Celtic and Native American ancestry with primary hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol [TC] 343 mg/dl; LDL cholesterol [LDL-C] 241 mg/dl) and pronounced peripheral vascular disease was found to be heterozygous for a novel Arg3531-->Cys mutation, caused by a C-->T transition at nucleotide 10800. One unrelated 59-yr-old man of Italian ancestry was found with the same mutation after screening 1,560 individuals. He had coronary heart disease, a TC of 310 mg/dl, and an LDL-C of 212 mg/dl. A total of eight individuals were found with the defect in the families of the two patients. They had an age- and sex-adjusted TC of 240 +/- 14 mg/dl and LDL-C of 169 +/- 10 mg/dl. This compares with eight unaffected family members with age- and sex-adjusted TC of 185 +/- 12 mg/dl and LDL-C of 124 +/- 12 mg/dl. In a dual-label fibroblast binding assay, LDL from the eight subjects with the mutation had an affinity for the LDL receptor that was 63% that of control LDL. LDL from eight unaffected family members had an affinity of 91%. By way of comparison, LDL from six patients heterozygous for the Arg3500-->Gln mutation had an affinity of 36%. The percentage mass ratio of the defective Cys3531 LDL to normal LDL was 59:41, as determined using the mAb MB19 and dynamic laser light scattering. Thus, the defective LDL had accumulated in the plasma of these patients. Using this mass ratio, it was calculated that the defective Cys3531 LDL particles bound with 27% of normal affinity. Deduced haplotypes using 10 apoB gene markers showed the Arg3531-->Cys alleles to be different in the two kindreds and indicates that the mutations arose independently. The Arg3531-->Cys mutation is the second reported cause of familial ligand-defective apoB.
Computed tomography of pulmonary metastases from osteosarcoma: The less poor technique. A study of 51 patients with histological correlation
Authors: P. Picci, D. Vanel, A. Briccoli, K. Talle, U. Haakenaasen, C. Malaguti, C. Monti, C. Ferrari, G. Bacci, G. Saeter, T.A. Alvegard
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
Placebo Effects in Infants, Toddlers, and Parents
Authors: Joe Kossowsky, Ted J. Kaptchuk
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Asymptomatic Hyperglycemia and Cardiovascular Diseases in Three Chicago Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: R Stamler, J Stamler, A Dyer, R Cooper, P Collette, D M Berkson, H A Lindberg, E Stevens, J A Schoenberger, R B Shekelle, S Shekelle, O Paul, M Lepper, P Garside, T Tokich, R Hoeksema
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

Three epidemiologic studies in Chicago populations yielded inconsistent findings on the relationship of diabetes to cardiovascular disease
A Meta-Analysis of Biomarkers in Three Randomized, Phase 2 Studies of Mm-121, a Ligand-Blocking Anti-Erbb3 Antibody, in Patients with Ovarian, Lung, and Breast Cancers
Authors: G. Macbeath, B. Adiwijaya, J. Liu, L.V. Sequist, E. Pujade-Lauraine, M. Higgins, I. Tabah-Fisch, J. Pearlberg, V. Moyo, W. Kubasek, R. Nering, A. Czibere
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Hereditary α1-antitrypsin deficiency in children and its clinical consequences
Authors: Hanna Dmenska, Agnieszka Bakula, Piotr Socha
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder that manifests as pulmonary emphysema, liver cirrhosis and rarely skin panniculitis. The prevalence is estimated at 1: 2500 - 5000 newborns. Most common deficiency alleles are PI Z and PI S, and majority of pts with severe AATD are PI ZZ. Clinical manifestations may widely vary, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal liver or lung disease.  The aim of the study is to present clinical observation in children with AATD.   Methods : A retrospective review of case reports of AATD children population was undertaken. Age, genotypes, reasons for clinical investigation, hepatic and respiratory symptoms and functions were recorded.   Results:  44 children were observed (28/PI ZZ, 12/PI MZ, 2/PI SZ, 1/PI MM and 1/PI FZ).  All pts were diagnosed and enrolled because of liver disease. Majority pts presented increased serum transaminase level (96% PI ZZ pts, 50% PI MZ pts). In PI ZZ group 3 pts presented liver cirrhosis, one of them had already undergone liver transplantation. As far as the respiratory system is concerned the incidence of recurrent infections and pneumonia in AATD pts was comparable to healthy population. PFTs and CXRs were within normal range. Asthma was found only in 3 PI MZ and 3 PI ZZ pts.   Conclusions:  In AATD in children acute or chronic liver disease development is observed, whereas respiratory system is not involved.
Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia and Thrombocytopenia by Constant Administration of Stem Cell Factor
Authors: Monica Bartucci, Rosanna Dattilo, Daniela Martinetti, Matilde Todaro, Giuseppina Zapparelli, Antonio Di Virgilio, Mauro Biffoni, Ruggero De Maria, Ann Zeuner
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of immature hematopoietic cells is a major cause of anemia and thrombocytopenia in cancer patients. Although hematopoietic growth factors such as erythropoietin and colony-stimulating factors cannot prevent the occurrence of drug-induced myelosuppression, stem cell factor (SCF) has been previously shown to protect immature erythroid and megakaryocytic cells in vitro from drug-induced apoptosis. However, the effect of SCF in vivo as a single myeloprotective agent has never been elucidated.The ability of SCF to prevent the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced anemia and thrombocytopenia was tested in a mouse model of cisplatin-induced myelosuppression. To highlight the importance of maintaining a continuous antiapoptotic signal in immature hematopoietic cells, we compared two treatment schedules: in the first schedule, SCF administration was interrupted during chemotherapy treatment and resumed thereafter, whereas in the second schedule, SCF was administered without interruption for 7 days, including the day of chemotherapy treatment.The administration of SCF to cisplatin-treated mice could preserve bone marrow integrity, inhibit apoptosis of erythroid and megakaryocytic precursors, prevent chemotherapy-induced anemia, and rapidly restore normal platelet production. Treatment with SCF increased the frequency of Bcl-2/Bcl-XL-positive bone marrow erythroid cells and sustained Akt activation in megakaryocytes. Myeloprotection was observed only when SCF was administered concomitantly with cisplatin and kept constantly present during the days following chemotherapy treatment.SCF treatment can prevent the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced anemia and thrombocytopenia in mice, indicating a potential use of this cytokine in the supportive therapy of cancer patients.