tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic inflammation and nutritive status in patients with COPD
Authors: Kateryna Gashynova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Nutritional abnormalities are frequently occurring systemic complication of COPD. They often determinate functional capacity, health status and mortality of patients (pts). However, causes and mechanisms of weight loss are still under investigation.   Aim:  The aim of study was to reveal influence of systemic inflammation on the nutritive status in pts with COPD.   Study population and methods:  69 men with stable COPD (Stage II-III) were surveyed.  Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), spirometry, measurement of body mass index (BMI) and Fat Free Body Mass (FFBM) by means of bioelectrical impedance analysis were performed for all pts.   Results:  In accordance with CRP level all pts were divided on two groups: Group I – pts with CRP ≤ 2.87 mg/l; Group II – pts with CRP > 2.87 mg/l.  Results of nutritive status examination present in table 1.   Conclusion:   Increasing of CRP leads to significant decreasing of FFBM in pts with COPD.  Despite the fact, that mean BMI was within normal ranges in both groups, it was significantly lower in pts with high CRP.  Systemic inflammation associates with increasing of the general weight loss rate.
Systematic review and meta-analysis on the diagnostic performance of FDG-PET/CT in detecting bone marrow involvement in newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma: is bone marrow biopsy still necessary?
Authors: H.J.A. Adams, T.C. Kwee, B. de Keizer, R. Fijnheer, J.M.H. de Klerk, A.S. Littooij, R.A.J. Nievelstein
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
T helper cell recognition of muscle acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis. Epitopes on the gamma and delta subunits.
Authors: A A Manfredi, M P Protti, M W Dalton, J F Howard, B M Conti-Tronconi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We tested the response of CD4+ cells and/or total lymphocytes from the blood of 22 myasthenic patients and 10 healthy controls to overlapping synthetic peptides, 20 residues long, to screen the sequence of the gamma and delta subunits of human muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The gamma subunit is part of the AChR expressed in embryonic muscle and is substituted in the AChRs of most adult muscles by an epsilon subunit. The delta subunit is present in both embryonic and adult AChRs. Adult extrinsic ocular muscles, which are preferentially and sometimes uniquely affected by myasthenic symptoms, and thymus, which has a still obscure but important role in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis, express the embryonic gamma subunit. Anti-AChR CD4+ responses were more easily detected after CD8+ depletion. All responders recognized epitopes on both the gamma and delta subunits and had severe symptoms. In four patients the CD4+ cell response was tested twice, when the symptoms were severe and during a period of remission. Consistently, the response was only detectable, or larger, when the patients were severely affected.
Is psychiatric training improving?
Authors: P Brook
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Zebrafish has been advocated as an alternative animal model to study lymphocyte development, although the similarities in the genetic requirements of lymphopoiesis between fish and mammals have not yet been investigated. In this study, we examine the role of the transcription factor Ikaros in zebrafish lymphopoiesis. In fish larvae homozygous for an <i>ikaros</i> allele predicted to lack the C-terminal zinc fingers, T lymphopoiesis is absent; the presence of V<sub>H</sub>DμJμ rearrangements in adolescent fish is delayed in mutants. In adolescent mutant fish, T cells expressing <i>tcrb</i> and <i>tcrd</i> and B cells expressing <i>igm</i> are formed with low efficiency and display an oligoclonal Ag receptor repertoire. By contrast, B cells expressing the <i>igz</i> isotype do not develop, providing genetic evidence for two separate B cell lineages in zebrafish. Thus, Ikaros appears to play similar roles in fish and mammalian lymphopoiesis.
Re: Clinical Leadership and Management in the NHS
Authors: Alice Roueché, Lizzie Smith
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2011)

We were interested to read your article about the leadership challenges faced by managers and clinicians in the NHS.1 As two trainees, one a manager and one a clinician, we have spent much time considering how to prepare ourselves for our future careers. We both wish to preserve our primary roles while being able to make a difference to patient care at every level.

We have each been fortunate to have been offered leadership development opportunities, through the London ‘Darzi Fellowship’ programme and the NHS Graduate Management Training Scheme. The challenge for us has been translating the theoretical learning and personal development into the ‘live’ environment of a Hospital Trust.

We very much agree that there is a need for training opportunities to help managers and clinicians develop meaningful working relationships. Efforts to improve clinical leadership through enabling clinicians to develop management competencies need to be balanced by helping managers to better understand clinical medicine. This will enable real dialogue between managers and clinicians at all levels so that services are developed with appreciation of clinical variation as well as wider resource constraints.

Based on the experiences of an innovative Paired Learning Scheme in Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, we have developed a programme to link new NHS Graduate Management Training Scheme trainees and Foundation Year Two trainees in London through a buddy scheme. From September 2011, trainees will be encouraged to learn about each others' role through conversations, workshops and shadowing. They will work on small projects that encourage reflection on what joint working can deliver.

Our own experience of working together has been incredibly positive. We are able to complement each other's work and as a pair have more credibility when approaching senior staff with ideas. Inspired by our successful partnership and developing friendship, we hope to inspire a future generation of medical and management trainees to learn to lead together from the very start of their careers.
Inheritance of type 2 Crigler-Najjar hyperbilirubinaemia
Authors: J. O. Hunter, R. P. H. Thompson, P. M. Dunn, R. Williams
Journal: Gut (1973)

The families of three patients with Crigler-Najjar hyperbilirubinaemia, type 2, whose plasma bilirubin levels had responded to phenobarbitone treatment, were investigated. All the parents and several relatives had mildly raised bilirubin levels. It is suggested that this condition may be an example of genetic heterogeneity and that the propositi had inherited two different abnormal genes. The separation of the Gilbert and type 2 Crigler-Najjar syndromes is at present arbitrary.
DCF (docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil) chemotherapy is a promising treatment for recurrent advanced squamous cell anal carcinoma
Authors: S. Kim, M. Jary, L. Mansi, B. Benzidane, A. Cazorla, M. Demarchi, T. Nguyen, A. Kaliski, E. Delabrousse, F. Bonnetain, P. Letondal, J.F. Bosset, S. Valmary-Degano, C. Borg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
JENNERIAN PROPHYLAXIS BY MEANS OF INTRADERMAL INJECTIONS OF CULTURE VACCINE VIRUS
Authors: Thomas M. Rivers, S. M. Ward
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

The second revived strain of culture vaccine virus has been propagated through 130 culture passages during a period of 3 years. It seems to be adapted to in vitro cultivation and still has an intradermal titer (rabbits) of 1 to 100,000 or 1 to 1,000,000. Intradermal inoculations in human beings of 0.1 cc. amounts of culture virus diluted from 2.5 to 10 times result in primary takes in unvaccinated people and immune reactions or accelerated takes in individuals previously successfully vaccinated. Primary takes produce an immunity to standard strains of calf lymph. Culture virus mixed with purified gum acacia (2.5 per cent), frozen, desiccated, and sealed in vacuo retains its activity for a month at 37 degrees C., and when the dried virus is resuspended in saline solution it is suitable for intradermal vaccination of human beings.
Eosinophil-derived IFN-γ induces airway hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation in the absence of lymphocytes
Authors: Akira Kanda, Virginie Driss, Nicolas Hornez, Marwan Abdallah, Thomas Roumier, Georges Abboud, Fanny Legrand, Delphine Staumont-Sallé, Severine Quéant, Julie Bertout, Sébastien Fleury, Patrick Rémy, Jean-Paul Papin, Valérie Julia, Monique Capron, David Dombrowicz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
BM-22 * BOC AND MAP2 ARE OPERATIVE IN BREAST CANCER METASTASIS TO BRAIN
Authors: D. Mustafa, A. Sieuwerts, M. Smid, V. de Weerd, J. Martens, J. Foekens, J. Kros
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Approximately 40% of patients with systemic cancer will develop central nervous system (CNS) metastasis. In adults, metastases to the brain arise most commonly from primary tumors of the lung, breast, skin and gastrointestinal tract. Breast cancer is the second most common cause of brain metastasis occurring in ∼20% of patients. Current systemic treatments have failed to prevent the development of CNS metastasis of these malignancies. CNS involvement is almost always fatal, even in case the primary tumor is under control. Therefore, preventing the development of CNS metastases would be a great step forward in the treatment of patients with potentially disseminating, or disseminated tumors. The molecular basis of breast cancer metastasis to brain is largely unknown and no therapeutic agents preventing tumor cells to colonize the brain are available. Our study aims at the identification of gene expression patterns of breast primary tumors which are involved in the formation of cerebral metastases. To this aim, gene expression profiles of patients with metastasized breast cancers with and without cerebral metastases were compared. All tumors were negative for ER/PR/her2neu. Among various genes the cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated (BOC) and microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) were prominently present. These genes were validated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Currently, we are carrying out functional studies to reveal the specific involvement of BOC and MAP2 in the formation of brain metastasis.
TRICHOPHYTON SOUDANENSE IN BRITAIN.
Authors: C. D. CALNAN, N. DJAVAHISZWILI, C. J. HODGSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article TRICHOPHYTON SOUDANENSE IN BRITAIN. Get access C. D. CALNAN, C. D. CALNAN Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. DJAVAHISZWILI, N. DJAVAHISZWILI Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. J. HODGSON C. J. HODGSON Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 4, 1 April 1962, Pages 144–148, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb13478.x Published: 01 April 1962
New dogmas or old?
Authors: B J R Whittle
Journal: Gut (2003)

Recent experimental studies may undermine our understanding of the gastrointestinal side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cast a shadow on the original concept that underpins the development of the recent addition to the clinical anti-inflammatory armamentarium, the COX-2 selective inhibitors. But is this just a passing cloud or a total eclipse of the COX theory?
Pulmonary vascular pressure response as a function of blood flow
Authors: L. M. LINDE, S. J. GOLDBERG, K. MOMMA, S. AWA, V. E. HALL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

This study evaluates the response of pulmonary artery pressure at varying levels of pulmonary blood flow after serotonin injection. Twenty-five experiments were performed in anaesthetized dogs with separate systemic and pulmonary perfusion. Pulmonary artery pressure was measured during control periods and pressure change after serotonin injection was recorded. Pulmonary blood flow was adjusted to varying levels while blood gases, left atrial pressure, and other vascular and respiratory pressures were maintained constant. Serotonin injection into the pulmonary artery (40 mcg/per kg) was performed at varying levels of pulmonary blood flow. A greater pulmonary vascular pressure response, greater change in pulmonary vascular resistance, and greater change in calculated radius and vascular smooth muscle wall tension were consistently generated with progressive increase in pulmonary blood flow. The greater vascular pressure response at higher levels of flow may be an important factor in the more rapid progression of pulmonary vascular disease in conditions with increased pulmonary blood flow.
Acute renal failure associated with acute pyelonephritis and consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Authors: L K Atkinson, T H Goodship, M K Ward
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Infection with Yersinia enterocolitica in patients with iron overload Yersinia enterocolitica commonly causes fever and mild gastroenteritis' but occasionally causes severe illness, particularly in patients with iron overload in whom its virulence is enhanced.2Desferrioxamine used therapeutically may potentiate the growth of yersinia, which uses desferrioxamine as a siderophore to chelate iron.3We describe three patients with transfusional haemosiderosis and infection with Y enterocolitica. Case reports CASE 1A 25 year old white man with congenital sideroblastic anaemia, which had been diagnosed in 1965 and who had subsequently received regular blood transfusions (450 units) and subcutaneous desferrioxamine (serum ferritin 2460 pg/I), was admitted with symptoms of anaemia, three days of fever (395°C), slight diarrhoea, which he initially denied, but no abdominal pain.He had hepatomegaly (10 cm) and slight abdominal tenderness.His haemo- globin concentration was 53 g/l with normal white cells.The day after admission he started to receive a blood transfusion ofthree units with 6 g ofdesferrioxamine.Within eight hours he had severe diarrhoea, after 12 hours severe dyspnoea due to a persistent metabolic acidosis (bicarbonate 13 mmol (mEq)/l), and by 40 hours he had died.Intravenous penicillin, gentamicin, metronidazole, and rehydration were given to no avail.Necropsy showed an ulcer in the terminal ileum, multiple tiny colonic ulcers, and grossly enlarged purulent mesenteric lymph nodes.Stools and blood culture
Splint for Base-of-Thumb Osteoarthritis
Authors: François Rannou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Some guidelines recommend splinting for base-of-thumb osteoarthritis, despite lack of evidence of efficacy. Objective: To assess the efficacy and acceptability of a splint for base-of-thumb osteoarthritis. Design: Multicenter, randomized trial. Randomization was computer-generated, and allocation was concealed by faxing centralized treatment assignment to investigators at the time of enrollment. Patients and investigators were not blinded to assignment, and patients self-reported outcomes. Setting: 2 tertiary care hospitals in France. Patients: 112 patients (101 women) with base-of-thumb osteoarthritis. Intervention: Custom-made neoprene splint (n = 57) or usual care (n = 55). Measurements: Primary outcome was change in pain level assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS) (range, 0 to 100 mm) from baseline to 1 month. Secondary outcomes were change in measures of hand disability at 1 month and change in pain level and measures of disability at 12 months. Tolerance and adherence with the splint were recorded. Results: At 1 month, no difference in change occurred in pain level from baseline in the intervention and control groups (adjusted mean change, −10.1 vs. −10.7; between-group difference, 0.6 [95% CI, −7.9 to 9.1]; P = 0.89). Disability was assessed by the Cochin Hand Function Scale score (range, 0 to 90) or patient-perceived disability (VAS, 0 to 100 mm). At 12 months, change in pain from baseline was greater in the intervention group than in the control group (adjusted mean change, −22.2 vs. −7.9; between-group difference, −14.3 [CI, −23.4 to −5.2]; P = 0.002). The Cochin Hand Function Scale score was −1.9 versus 4.3 (between-group difference, −6.3 [CI, −10.9 to −1.7]; P = 0.008) and patient-perceived disability was −11.6 versus 1.5 (between-group difference, −13.1 [CI, −21.8 to −4.4]; P = 0.003). At 12 months, 86% of the intervention group had worn the splint for more than 5 nights a week, and no adverse effects were observed. Limitation: Patients, health care providers, and outcome assessors were not blinded. Conclusion: For patients with base-of-thumb osteoarthritis, wearing a splint had no effect on pain at 1 month but improved pain and disability at 12 months. Primary Funding Source: Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique National.
Evolution- and Structure-Based Computational Strategy Reveals the Impact of Deleterious Missense Mutations on MODY 2 (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young, Type 2)
Authors: Doss C. Priya George, Chiranjib Chakraborty, SA Syed Haneef, Nagarajan NagaSundaram, Luonan Chen, Hailong Zhu
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

Heterozygous mutations in the central glycolytic enzyme glucokinase (GCK) can result in an autosomal dominant inherited disease, namely maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 2 (MODY 2).MODY 2 is characterised by early onset: it usually appears before 25 years of age and presents as a mild form of hyperglycaemia.In recent years, the number of known GCK mutations has markedly increased.As a result, interpreting which mutations cause a disease or confer susceptibility to a disease and characterising these deleterious mutations can be a difficult task in large-scale analyses and may be impossible when using a structural perspective.The laborious and time-consuming nature of the experimental analysis led us to attempt to develop a cost-effective computational pipeline for diabetic research that is based on the fundamentals of protein biophysics and that facilitates our understanding of the relationship between phenotypic effects and evolutionary processes.In this study, we investigate missense mutations in the GCK gene by using a wide array of evolution-and structure-based computational methods, such as SIFT, PolyPhen2, PhD-SNP, SNAP, SNPs&GO, fathmm, and Align GVGD.Based on the computational prediction scores obtained using these methods, three mutations, namely E70K, A188T, and W257R, were identified as highly deleterious on the basis of their effects on protein structure and function.Using the evolutionary conservation predictors Consurf and Scorecons, we further demonstrated that most of the predicted deleterious mutations, including E70K, A188T, and W257R, occur in highly conserved regions of GCK.The effects of the mutations on protein stability were computed using PoPMusic 2.1, I-mutant 3.0, and Dmutant.We also conducted molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis through in silico modelling to investigate the conformational differences between the native and the mutant proteins and found that the identified deleterious mutations alter the stability, flexibility, and solvent-accessible surface area of the protein.Furthermore, the functional role of each SNP in GCK was identified and characterised using SNPeffect 4.0, F-SNP, and FASTSNP.We hope that the observed results aid in the identification of disease-associated mutations that affect protein structure and function.Our in silico findings provide a new perspective on the role of GCK mutations in MODY2 from an evolution-based structure-centric point of view.The computational architecture described in this paper can be used to predict the most appropriate disease phenotypes for large-genome sequencing projects and to provide individualised drug therapy for complex diseases such as diabetes.
Mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Gene in Patients with Congenital Absence of the Vas Deferens
Authors: M Chillón, T Casals, B Mercier, L Bassas, W Lissens, S Silber, M C Romey, J Ruiz-Romero, C Verlingue, M Claustres
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) is a form of male infertility in which mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene have been identified. The molecular basis of CBAVD is not completely understood. Although patients with cystic fibrosis have mutations in both copies of the CFTR gene, most patients with CBAVD have mutations in only one copy of the gene.To investigate CBAVD at the molecular level, we have characterized the mutations in the CFTR gene in 102 patients with this condition. None had clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis. We also analyzed a DNA variant (the 5T allele) in a noncoding region of CFTR that causes reduced levels of the normal CFTR protein. Parents of patients with cystic fibrosis, patients with types of infertility other than CBAVD, and normal subjects were studied as controls.Nineteen of the 102 patients with CBAVD had mutations in both copies of the CFTR gene, and none of them had the 5T allele. Fifty-four patients had a mutation in one copy of CFTR, and 34 of them (63 percent) had the 5T allele in the other CFTR gene. In 29 patients no CFTR mutations were found, but 7 of them (24 percent) had the 5T allele. In contrast, the frequency of this allele in the general population was about 5 percent.Most patients with CBAVD have mutations in the CFTR gene. The combination of the 5T allele in one copy of the CFTR gene with a cystic fibrosis mutation in the other copy is the most common cause of CBAVD: The 5T allele mutation has a wide range of clinical presentations, occurring in patients with CBAVD or moderate forms of cystic fibrosis and in fertile men.
Barriers to Providing Diabetes Care in Community Health Centers
Authors: M. H. Chin, S. Cook, L. Jin, M. L. Drum, J. F. Harrison, J. Koppert, F. Thiel, A. G. Harrand, C. T. Schaefer, H. T. Takashima, S.-C. Chiu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

We aimed to identify barriers to improving care for individuals with diabetes in community health centers. These findings are important because many such patients, as in most other practice settings, receive care that does not meet evidence-based standards.In 42 Midwestern health centers, we surveyed 389 health providers and administrators about the barriers they faced delivering diabetes care. We report on home blood glucose monitoring, HbA1c tests, dilated eye examinations, foot examinations, diet, and exercise, all of which are a subset of the larger clinical practice recommendations of the American Diabetes Association (ADA).Among the 279 (72%) respondents, providers perceived that patients were significantly less likely than providers to believe that key processes of care were important (overall mean on 30-point scale: providers 26.8, patients 18.2, P = 0.0001). Providers were more confident in their ability to instruct patients on diet and exercise than on their ability to help them make changes in these areas. Ratings of the importance of access to care and finances as barriers varied widely; however, >25% of the providers and administrators agreed that significant barriers included affordability of home blood glucose monitoring, HbA1c testing, dilated eye examination, and special diets; nonproximity of ophthalmologist; forgetting to order eye examinations and to examine patients' feet; time required to teach home blood glucose monitoring; and language or cultural barriers.Providers in health centers indicate a need to enhance behavioral change in diabetic patients. In addition, better health care delivery systems and reforms that improve the affordability, accessibility, and efficiency of care are also likely to help health centers meet ADA standards of care.