tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The clinicopathological features of extensive small intestinal CD4 T cell infiltration
Authors: F Carbonnel, H d'Almagne, A Lavergne, C Matuchansky, J C Brouet, F Sigaux, L Beaugerie, J Nemeth, B Coffin, J Cosnes, J P Gendre, J C Rambaud
Journal: Gut (1999)

<h3>METHODS</h3> Four patients with clinicopathological features suggesting a new distinct entity defining extensive small intestinal CD4 T cell infiltration were observed. <h3>RESULTS</h3> All four patients presented with chronic diarrhoea, malabsorption, and weight loss. Biopsy specimens of the small intestine disclosed extensive and diffuse infiltration of the lamina propria by pleomorphic small T lymphocytes, which were positive for CD3, CD4, CD5, and the β chain of T cell receptor in all three cases studied and negative for CD103 in all three cases studied. It is notable that, in all invaded areas, the infiltrating cells showed no histological change throughout the whole evolution. In three patients, lymphocyte proliferation was monoclonal and there was extraintestinal involvement. In one patient, lymphoproliferation was oligoclonal and confined to the small intestine. In all four patients, there was no evidence of coeliac disease. Although none of the four patients responded to single or multiple drug chemotherapy, median survival was five years. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Extensive small intestinal CD4 T cell infiltration is a rare entity, distinct from coeliac disease and associated with prolonged survival.
Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Emphysema and Severe Airflow Obstruction
Authors: Fernando J. Martinez, Gregory Foster, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Gerard Criner, Gail Weinmann, Alfred Fishman, Malcolm M. DeCamp, Joshua Benditt, Frank Sciurba, Barry Make, Zab Mohsenifar, Philip Diaz, Eric Hoffman, Robert Wise
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Limited data exist describing risk factors for mortality in patients having predominantly emphysema.A total of 609 patients with severe emphysema (ages 40-83 yr; 64.2% male) randomized to the medical therapy arm of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial formed the study group. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to investigate risk factors for all-cause mortality. Risk factors examined included demographics, body mass index, physiologic data, quality of life, dyspnea, oxygen utilization, hemoglobin, smoking history, quantitative emphysema markers on computed tomography, and a modification of a recently described multifunctional index (modified BODE).Overall, high mortality was seen in this cohort (12.7 deaths per 100 person-years; 292 total deaths). In multivariate analyses, increasing age (p=0.001), oxygen utilization (p=0.04), lower total lung capacity % predicted (p=0.05), higher residual volume % predicted (p=0.04), lower maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing workload (p=0.002), greater proportion of emphysema in the lower lung zone versus the upper lung zone (p=0.005), and lower upper-to-lower-lung perfusion ratio (p=0.007), and modified BODE (p=0.02) were predictive of mortality. FEV1 was a significant predictor of mortality in univariate analysis (p=0.005), but not in multivariate analysis (p=0.21).Although patients with advanced emphysema experience significant mortality, subgroups based on age, oxygen utilization, physiologic measures, exercise capacity, and emphysema distribution identify those at increased risk of death.
<i>ASPM</i> Is a Novel Marker for Vascular Invasion, Early Recurrence, and Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Shih-Yeh Lin, Hung-Wei Pan, Shu-Hsiang Liu, Yung-Ming Jeng, Fu-Chang Hu, Shian-Yang Peng, Po-Lin Lai, Hey-Chi Hsu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly associated (ASPM) plays an important role in neurogenesis and cell proliferation. This study is to elucidate its role in hepatocelllular carcinoma (HCC), particularly early tumor recurrence (ETR) and prognosis. Experimental Design: We used reverse transcription-PCR assays to measure the ASPM mRNA levels in 247 HCC and correlated with clinicopathologic and molecular features. Results: ASPM mRNA levels were high in fetal tissues but very low in most adult tissues. ASPM mRNA was overexpressed in 162 HCC (66%) but not in benign liver tumors. ASPM overexpression correlated with high α-fetoprotein (P = 1 × 10-8), high-grade (grade II-IV) HCC (P = 2 × 10-6), high-stage (stage IIIA-IV) HCC (P = 1 × 10-8), and importantly ETR (P = 1 × 10-8). ETR is the most critical unfavorable clinical prognostic factor. Among the various independent histopathologic (tumor size, tumor grade and tumor stage) and molecular factors (p53 mutation, high α-fetoprotein, and ASPM overexpression), tumor stage was the most crucial histologic factor (odds ratio, 14.7; 95% confidence interval, 6.65-33.0; P = 1 × 10-8), whereas ASPM overexpression (odds ratio, 6.49; P = 1 × 10-8) is the most important molecular factor associated with ETR. ASPM overexpression was associated with vascular invasion and ETR in both p53-mutated (all P values = 1 × 10-8) and non-p53-mutated HCC (P = 1 × 10-8 and 0.00088, respectively). Hence, patients with APSM-overexpressing HCC had lower 5-year survival (P = 0.000001) in both p53-mutated (P = 0.00008) and non-p53-mutated HCC (P = 0.0027). In low-stage (stage II) HCC, ASPM overexpression also correlated with higher ETR (P = 0.008). Conclusion: ASPM overexpression is a molecular marker predicting enhanced invasive/metastatic potential of HCC, higher risk of ETR regardless of p53 mutation status and tumor stage, and hence poor prognosis.
Lipid- and Polymer-Based Nanostructures for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Brian T. Luk, Ronnie H. Fang, Liangfang Zhang
Journal: Theranostics (2012)

The relatively new field of nanotheranostics combines the advantages of in vivo diagnosis with the ability to administer treatment through a single nano-sized carrier, offering new opportunities for cancer diagnosis and therapy.Nanotheranostics has facilitated the development of nanomedicine through direct visualization of drug blood circulation and biodistribution.From a clinical perspective, nanotheranostics allows therapies to be administered and monitored in real time, thus decreasing the potential of under-or over-dosing and allowing for more personalized treatment regimens.Herein, we review recent development of nanotheranostics using lipid-and polymer-based formulations, with a particular focus on their applications in cancer research.Recent advances in nanotechnology aimed to combine therapeutic molecules with imaging agents for magnetic resonance imaging, radionuclide imaging, or fluorescence imaging are discussed.
Diversion colitis: histological features in the colon and rectum after defunctioning colostomy.
Authors: J M Geraghty, I C Talbot
Journal: Gut (1991)

Diversion of the faecal stream by ileostomy or colostomy leads to inflammation in the defunctioned segment, known as diversion colitis. The affected bowel is rapidly restored to normality by reanastomosis. Diversion colitis should not be mistaken for inflammatory bowel disease, for which reanastomosis would be inappropriate. Studies of biopsy material from patients with diversion colitis have shown a variety of histological features, but no consistent pattern. The histology in resection specimens of defunctioned large bowel from 15 patients with no pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease was studied. Nine patients had symptoms of abdominal pain or rectal discharge of blood or mucus that developed between 9 months and 17 years after diversion procedure. The histology was abnormal in all. Findings were similar in 14 patients, regardless of the duration of faecal diversion, and comprised diffuse mild chronic inflammation with or without mild crypt architectural abnormalities, crypt abscesses, or follicular lymphoid hyperplasia. One patient had more severe changes, resembling active ulcerative colitis. These features in biopsy specimens are unlikely to be diagnostic but should provide useful information in avoiding a mistaken diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in these patients.
Overwhelming response to Dabrafenib in a patient with double BRAF mutation (V600E; V600M) metastatic malignant melanoma
Authors: Giovanni Ponti, Aldo Tomasi, Giovanni Pellacani
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2012)

The recent findings brought the necessity of testing the mutational status of a series of genes which had been already identified as responsible for melanomas development and progression, such as BRAF, CKIT and PTEN: the consequent results are, in fact, essential to guide the assessment of the novel treatment protocols based on tailored targeted therapies. We present here the case of a 66 year-old male patient, diagnosed with an advanced melanoma in June 2011, and treated with Dabrafenib for double mutant metastatic disease. The patient was referred to our attention for a large exophytic malignant melanoma on the left shoulder. After complete surgical excision and elective lymph node dissection for presence of metastatic sentinel lymph node, the patient has started high-dose interferon alfa-2b injections as adjuvant therapy for a complete negative staging. The treatment was interrupted in August 2011 due to the appearance of metastatic lymph nodes. Tumor burden was rapidly growing reaching in few months the size of a tennis ball for the tumor mass located in the shoulder. Mutational study of the tumor revealed a double BRAF mutation on V-600E and V600M. This finding incited us to enroll the patient in compassionate Dabrafenib clinical trial. The therapy was started on may 2012 at 150 mg bid dosage. Almost surprisingly for the rapidity of the effect, one week later the lesion on the shoulder has reduced its size by 60% and one month later it has completely disappeared from sight. CT scan of June 2012 documented the astonishing clinical response.
Molecular Imaging in Tracking Tumor-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs)
Authors: Zhiyi Liu, Zheng Li
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

Despite the remarkable progress of adoptive T cell therapy in cancer treatment, there remains an urgent need for the noninvasive tracking of the transfused T cells in patients to determine their biodistribution, viability, and functionality. With emerging molecular imaging technologies and cell-labeling methods, noninvasive in vivo cell tracking is experiencing impressive progress toward revealing the mechanisms and functions of these cells in real time in preclinical and clinical studies. Such cell tracking methods have an important role in developing effective T cell therapeutic strategies and steering decision-making process in clinical trials. On the other hand, they could provide crucial information to accelerate the regulatory approval process on the T cell therapy. In this review, we revisit the advances in tracking the tumor-specific CTLs, highlighting the latest development in human studies and the key challenges.
Why patient consent is best practice
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

Thumb through this issue of JRSM and you will not find a single case report. Times have changed. Once JRSM published several case reports each month; now case reports only occasionally appear. The blame, of course, rests entirely with the current editor. Case reports are a good read and readers tend to enjoy them. Almost every clinician and medical student has presented a case report at some point. It is easy to empathise with the struggle of authors.

Yet case reports are usually deemed the lowest form of evidence. What can you really learn from a single case? JRSM will certainly publish case reports in its Grand Round section but they need to remind readers of a useful clinical lesson, and it is hard to interest a multispecialty readership with a case that is both important and sufficiently widely relevant. JRSM also publishes case reports that are first reports of a drug side-effect or a description of a new clinical discovery, which is again a difficult task.1

Case reports, then, often describe rare events or focus too narrowly on one speciality to merit publication in a print journal with a broad readership. JRSM Short Reports, the online open-access sister journal to JRSM, publishes many case reports precisely because online publication allows readers to seek out what's of unique relevance and interest to them.2 Indeed, it is entirely appropriate that JRSM Short Reports will soon publish a narrative review of case reports in medical journals.3

A fundamental issue with case reports is the important matter of patient consent to publication. Experience tells us that anonymity is not possible. Patients or their relatives can recognise who the case is about, even many years after publication. Open access publication policies, and lifting of website access controls after a defined number of years, make this revelation ever more likely. The General Medical Council encourages full patient involvement in decisions about care, which includes publication of a case history.4

Still, many authors submit case reports to JRSM and JRSM Short Reports without patient consent, raising two particular concerns. First, a surprising number of authors are unaware that patient consent to publication is best clinical practice. Second, a surprising number of journal editors are unaware that patient consent to publication is best editorial practice.

On the contrary, patient consent to publication is essential for case reports submitted to JRSM and JRSM Short Reports. You can even download and print a patient consent form specifically created for these two journals.5 Use it or, without apology, your mesmerising case report will not be published.
Creation of Engineered Cardiac Tissue In Vitro From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Xi-Min Guo, Yun-Shan Zhao, Hai-Xia Chang, Chang-Yong Wang, Ling-Ling E, Xiao-Ai Zhang, Cui-Mi Duan, Ling-Zhi Dong, Hong Jiang, Jing Li, Ying Song, Xiangzhong (Jerry) Yang
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells can terminally differentiate into all types of somatic cells and are considered a promising source of seed cells for tissue engineering. However, despite recent progress in in vitro differentiation and in vivo transplantation methodologies of ES cells, to date, no one has succeeded in using ES cells in tissue engineering for generation of somatic tissues in vitro for potential transplantation therapy.ES-D3 cells were cultured in a slow-turning lateral vessel for mass production of embryoid bodies. The embryoid bodies were then induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in a medium supplemented with 1% ascorbic acid. The ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes were then enriched by Percoll gradient centrifugation. The enriched cardiomyocytes were mixed with liquid type I collagen supplemented with Matrigel to construct engineered cardiac tissue (ECT). After in vitro stretching for 7 days, the ECT can beat synchronously and respond to physical and pharmaceutical stimulation. Histological, immunohistochemical, and transmission electron microscopic studies further indicate that the ECTs both structurally and functionally resemble neonatal native cardiac muscle. Markers related to undifferentiated ES cell contamination were not found in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the Percoll-enriched cardiomyocytes. No teratoma formation was observed in the ECTs implanted subcutaneously in nude mice for 4 weeks.ES cells can be used as a source of seed cells for cardiac tissue engineering. Additional work remains to demonstrate engraftment of the engineered heart tissue in the case of cardiac defects and its functional integrity within the host's remaining healthy cardiac tissue.
Annual Change in Pulmonary Function and Clinical Phenotype in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Masaharu Nishimura, Hironi Makita, Katsura Nagai, Satoshi Konno, Yasuyuki Nasuhara, Masaru Hasegawa, Kaoruko Shimizu, Tomoko Betsuyaku, Yoichi M. Ito, Satoshi Fuke, Takeshi Igarashi, Yasushi Akiyama, Shigeaki Ogura
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Rationale: Although the rate of annual decline in FEV1 is one of the most important outcome measures in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), little is known about intersubject variability based on clinical phenotypes.Objectives: To examine the intersubject variability in a 5-year observational cohort study, particularly focusing on emphysema severity.Methods: A total of 279 eligible patients with COPD (stages I–IV: 26, 45, 24, and 5%) participated. We conducted a detailed assessment of pulmonary function and computed tomography (CT) at baseline, and performed spirometry every 6 months before and after inhalation of bronchodilator. Smoking status, exacerbation, and pharmacotherapy were carefully monitored. Emphysema severity was evaluated by CT and annual measurements of carbon monoxide transfer coefficient.Measurements and Main Results: Using mixed effects model analysis, the annual decline in post-bronchodilator FEV1 was −32 ± 24 (SD) ml/yr (n = 261). We classified the subjects of less than the 25th percentile as Rapid decliners, the 25th to 75th percentile as Slow decliners, and greater than the 75th percentile as Sustainers (−63 ± 2, −31 ± 1, and −2 ± 1 [SE] ml/yr). Emphysema severity, but not %FEV1, showed significant differences among the three groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the Rapid decliners were independently associated with emphysema severity assessed either by CT or carbon monoxide transfer coefficient. The Sustainers displayed less emphysema and higher levels of circulating eosinophils.Conclusions: Emphysema severity is independently associated with a rapid annual decline in FEV1 in COPD. Sustainers and Rapid decliners warrant specific attention in clinical practice.
An audit of bronchoscopy practice in the United Kingdom: a survey of adherence to national guidelines
Authors: D. Honeybourne, C. S. Neumann
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Both patient and staff safety are of major importance during the procedure of fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Patient safety depends partly on adequate disinfection of instruments and accessories used as well as careful monitoring during the procedure. Adequate facilities, manpower and training are also essential. Staff safety depends partly on adequate procedures to minimise any risks of sensitisation to agents such as glutaraldehyde. An audit was carried out of bronchoscopy procedures in hospitals in the UK and the findings were compared with published guidelines on good practice and clinical consensus. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to 218 bronchoscopy units in the UK. Findings were then compared with published evidence of good practice in the areas of disinfection, including the use of glutaraldehyde, patient monitoring, manpower, facilities, and training. RESULTS: A 73% response rate was obtained. Recommended minimum disinfection times before and after routine bronchoscopies were not achieved by 35% of units. No disinfection was carried out in 34% of units before emergency bronchoscopies and in 19% of units after suspected cases of tuberculosis. Adequate rinsing of the bronchoscope with sterile or filtered water was not carried out by 43% of units. Contrary to recommendations, 31% of departments were still using glutaraldehyde in the patient examination room and inadequate room ventilation was common. Protective clothing was often not worn by staff during bronchoscopy. Inadequate intravenous access and use of supplementary oxygen were found in many units. Practice standards were higher in departments where dedicated bronchoscopy/endoscopy units of the hospital were used, and also where staff had been on external training courses. CONCLUSIONS: This audit has shown that many units do not adhere to guidelines on disinfection procedures and patient monitoring. Unnecessary potential risks due to staff exposure to glutaraldehyde were apparent. National guidelines on good practice are not being followed in areas which may potentially affect patient and staff safety.
Efficacy and safety of casopitant mesylate, a neurokinin 1 (NK1)-receptor antagonist, in prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cisplatin-based highly emetogenic chemotherapy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Steven M Grunberg, Janusz Rolski, Janos Strausz, Zeba Aziz, Stephen Lane, Mark W Russo, Paul Wissel, Mary Guckert, Oliver Wright, Jørn Herrstedt
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2009)
Quantitation of intraepithelial lymphocytes in human jejunum
Authors: A. Ferguson, D. Murray
Journal: Gut (1971)

An estimate of the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in jejunal villous epithelium can be obtained by differential counting of nuclei in the epithelium. From counts carried out in 160 jejunal biopsies from patients who did not have coeliac disease the normal range has been established as 6-40 intraepithelial lymphocytes per 100 villous epithelial cells. In some biopsies there was a moderate increase in the intraepithelial lymphocyte count; this was probably an objective measurement of ;increased chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate'. Intraepithelial lymphocyte counts were high in untreated coeliac disease; counts were lower, but rarely within the normal range, in coeliac patients on a gluten-free diet. Counts were normal in most autoimmune diseases, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. There were abnormal intraepithelial lymphocyte counts in four patients, with otherwise normal jejunal histology, in whom no cause had been found to explain prolonged and incapacitating gastrointestinal symptoms.
Pancreatitis in patients treated with brentuximab vedotin: a previously unrecognized serious adverse event
Authors: Mitul D. Gandhi, Andrew M. Evens, Timothy S. Fenske, Paul Hamlin, Bertrand Coiffier, Andreas Engert, Alison J. Moskowitz, Nilanjan Ghosh, Adam M. Petrich, Jon Lomasney, Amy Chadburn, Gary S. Wood, Katrin Salva, Beatrice Nardone, Steven M. Trifilio, Dennis W. Raisch, Dennis P. West, Leo I. Gordon, Jane N. Winter
Journal: Blood (2014)
Book: Health Anxiety: Clinical and Research Perspectives on Hypochondriasis and Related Conditions
Authors: R. Mayou
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Eds Gordon J G Asmundson, Steven Taylor, Brian J Cox Wiley, £27.50, pp 415 ISBN 0 471 49104 7 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Fear of serious illness is responsible for a high proportion of consultations with doctors. In most cases there is no confirmation of a serious cause and most patients can be easily reassured. Others continue to worry, to experience symptoms, and to limit their lives. Such persistent health anxiety is often difficult to treat and can be made worse by inconsistencies and ambiguities in medical care and by the lack of an acceptable explanation. While “unexplained” symptoms are often seen as an … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab, a human interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody, in patients with psoriasis: 76-week results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (PHOENIX 1)
Authors: Craig L Leonardi, Alexa B Kimball, Kim A Papp, Newman Yeilding, Cynthia Guzzo, Yuhua Wang, Shu Li, Lisa T Dooley, Kenneth B Gordon
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
1363 VX-222 WITH TVR ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A AND RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: ZENITH STUDY INTERIM RESULTS
Authors: A.M. Di Bisceglie, D.R. Nelson, E. Gane, K. Alves, M.J. Koziel, C. De Souza, T.L. Kieffer, S. George, R.S. Kauffman, I.M. Jacobson, M.S. Sulkowski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)