tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physical activity in officially-acknowledged victims with pollution-related illness: Long-term effects of air pollution in the 1960s
Authors: Takako Tanaka, Naomi Miyamoto, Ryo Kozu, Sumihisa Honda, Hideaki Senjyu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background:  Pulmonary rehabilitation improves the physical function of pulmonary patients. In Japan, persons who suffer from poor health because of pollution are officially acknowledged as victims of pollution-related illness. We previously found that victims who had been exposed to air pollution in the 1960s had poorer physical function than age-matched, non-smoking, and healthy subjects, and many victims experienced depression. However, there are no reports on the relation between physical activity and factors that affect physical activity in victims.   Objectives:  This study aimed to investigate factors that affect physical activity in victims who were exposed to air pollution in the 1960s.   Methods:  A total of 40 of 774 victims aged ≥ 65 years in the city of Kurashiki in 2009 were enrolled in this study. Physical activity was evaluated using a uniaxial accelerometer for 2 weeks. The victims’ background, respiratory function, dyspnea, muscle strength, exercise performance, and depression were also evaluated. Simple regression analysis was performed to examine the relation between physical activity and items associated with physical activity.   Results:  There were significant relations between physical activity and depression (R=0.736, p   Conclusions:  These results suggest that depression, exercise performance, and dyspnea are related to physical activity of victims who were exposed to air pollution in the 1960s. Pulmonary rehabilitation should be considered to improve physical activity, depression, exercise performance, and dyspnea.
Sirt3 protects in vitro–fertilized mouse preimplantation embryos against oxidative stress–induced p53-mediated developmental arrest
Authors: Yumiko Kawamura, Yasunobu Uchijima, Nanao Horike, Kazuo Tonami, Koichi Nishiyama, Tomokazu Amano, Tomoichiro Asano, Yukiko Kurihara, Hiroki Kurihara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Sirtuins are a phylogenetically conserved NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase/ADP-ribosyltransferase family implicated in diverse biological processes. Several family members localize to mitochondria, the function of which is thought to determine the developmental potential of preimplantation embryos. We have therefore characterized the role of sirtuins in mouse preimplantation development under in vitro culture conditions. All sirtuin members were expressed in eggs, and their expression gradually decreased until the blastocyst stage. Treatment with sirtuin inhibitors resulted in increased intracellular ROS levels and decreased blastocyst formation. These effects were recapitulated by siRNA-induced knockdown of Sirt3, which is involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism, and in Sirt3-/- embryos. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine and low-oxygen conditions rescued these adverse effects. When Sirt3-knockdown embryos were transferred to pseudopregnant mice after long-term culture, implantation and fetal growth rates were decreased, indicating that Sirt3-knockdown embryos were sensitive to in vitro conditions and that the effect was long lasting. Further experiments revealed that maternally derived Sirt3 was critical. Sirt3 inactivation increased mitochondrial ROS production, leading to p53 upregulation and changes in downstream gene expression. The inactivation of p53 improved the developmental outcome of Sirt3-knockdown embryos, indicating that the ROS-p53 pathway was responsible for the developmental defects. These results indicate that Sirt3 plays a protective role in preimplantation embryos against stress conditions during in vitro fertilization and culture.
PSYCHIATRIC UNITS IN GENERAL HOSPITALS: BOON OR BANE?
Authors: HERBERT C. SCHULBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

An attempt has been made to point to some of the major issues which are now affecting the development of psychiatric units in general hospitals. Although considerable attention has been given else-where to the popularity which these units have attained and to the values they supposedly hold, virtually no effort has been made to assess objectively their optimal role in the total range of mental health services. As a start, some specific suggestions have been made regarding data which are necessary to compare the efficacy of psychiatric units in relation to other existing treatment centers. This problem is most complex because of the covert and overt selection processes which are employed by the psychiatric units, in terms of both their staff recruitment and patient admission policies. The urgent need to provide some meaningful, objective answer to the question of "What is the optimal role of the general hospital's psychiatric unit?" can be seen in the growing tendency of some states to reduce public support for their state hospital programs in favor of the former. One must sincerely wonder whether it makes any more sense at this time to invest all of our resources in the development of these psychiatric units than it did 30 years ago to place a similar emphasis upon the construction of large remote mental hospitals. "The fact that a given plan is an improvement over the status quo does not automatically establish it as the best possible plan"(39).
Neutralizing antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 gp120 induce envelope glycoprotein subunit dissociation.
Authors: P Poignard, T Fouts, D Naniche, J P Moore, Q J Sattentau
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The spectrum of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) neutralizing immune response has been analyzed by the production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the viral envelope glycoproteins, gp41 and gp120. Little is known, however, about the neutralization mechanism of these antibodies. Here we show that the binding of a group of neutralizing mAbs that react with regions of the gp120 molecule associated with and including the V2 and V3 loops, the C4 domain and supporting structures, induce the dissociation of gp120 from gp41 on cells infected with the T cell line-adapted HIV-1 molecular clone Hx10. Similar to soluble receptor-induced dissociation of gp120 from gp41, the antibody-induced dissociation is dose- and time-dependent. By contrast, mAbs binding to discontinuous epitopes overlapping the CD4 binding site do not induce gp120 dissociation, implying that mAb induced conformational changes in gp120 are epitope specific, and that HIV neutralization probably involves several mechanisms.
Role for MKL1 in megakaryocytic maturation
Authors: Ee-chun Cheng, Qing Luo, Emanuela M. Bruscia, Matthew J. Renda, James A. Troy, Stephanie A. Massaro, David Tuck, Vincent Schulz, Shrikant M. Mane, Nancy Berliner, Yi Sun, Stephan W. Morris, Caihong Qiu, Diane S. Krause
Journal: Blood (2009)
Some Characteristics of Steroid Diabetes: A Study in Renal-Transplant Recipients Receiving High-Dose Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: Peter Arner, Rolf Gunnarsson, Sven Blomdahl, Carl-Gustav Groth
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Risk factors and course of steroid diabetes were investigated in 145 renal-transplant recipients who were given a high-dose steroid regimen. Persistent steroid diabetes developed in 25% of the patients and transient diabetes in another 22%. When antidiabetic therapy was required, insulin had to be given in 50%. The incidence of steroid diabetes correlated with steroid dose, age, body weight, and diabetes heredity but not with abnormal glucose tolerance or with another complication of steroid therapy, posterior-pole lenticular cataract. There was no association with HLA-A and B antigens. Thus, steroid diabetes is a frequent complication of high-dose corticosteroid therapy and is similar to type II diabetes. However, it often requires insulin therapy.
Prediction of Local Recurrence, Distant Metastases, and Death After Breast-Conserving Therapy in Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancer Using a Five-Biomarker Panel
Authors: Ewan K.A. Millar, Peter H. Graham, Sandra A. O'Toole, Catriona M. McNeil, Lois Browne, Adrienne L. Morey, Sarah Eggleton, Julia Beretov, Constantine Theocharous, Anne Capp, Elias Nasser, John H. Kearsley, Geoff Delaney, George Papadatos, Christopher Fox, Robert L. Sutherland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

To determine the clinical utility of intrinsic molecular phenotype after breast-conserving therapy (BCT) with lumpectomy and whole-breast irradiation with or without a cavity boost.Four hundred ninety-eight patients with invasive breast cancer were enrolled into a randomized trial of BCT with or without a tumor bed radiation boost. Tumors were classified by intrinsic molecular phenotype as luminal A or B, HER-2, basal-like, or unclassified using a five-biomarker panel: estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER-2, CK5/6, and epidermal growth factor receptor. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methodology were used to ascertain relationships to ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and death from breast cancer.Median follow-up was 84 months. Three hundred ninety-four patients were classified as luminal A, 23 were luminal B, 52 were basal, 13 were HER-2, and 16 were unclassified. There were 24 IBTR (4.8%), 35 LRR (7%), 47 distant metastases (9.4%), and 37 breast cancer deaths (7.4%). The overall 5-year disease-free rates for the whole cohort were: IBTR 97.4%, LRR 95.6%, DDFS 92.9%, and breast cancer-specific death 96.3%. A significant difference was observed for survival between subtypes for LRR (P = .012), DDFS (P = .0035), and breast cancer-specific death (P = .0482), but not for IBTR (P = .346).The 5-year and 10-year survival rates varied according to molecular subtype. Although this approach provides additional information to predict time to IBTR, LRR, DDFS, and death from breast cancer, its predictive power is less than that of traditional pathologic indices. This information may be useful in discussing outcomes and planning management with patients after BCT.
Specific Targeting of Tumor Angiogenesis by RGD-Conjugated Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles Using a Clinical 1.5-T Magnetic Resonance Scanner
Authors: Chunfu Zhang, Manfred Jugold, Eva C. Woenne, Twan Lammers, Bernd Morgenstern, Margareta M. Mueller, Hanswalter Zentgraf, Michael Bock, Michael Eisenhut, Wolfhard Semmler, Fabian Kiessling
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Angiogenesis is essential for the development of malignant tumors and provides important targets for tumor diagnosis and therapy. To noninvasively assess the angiogenic profile of tumors, novel αvβ3 integrin–targeted ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIOs) were designed and their specific uptake by endothelial cells was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. USPIOs were coated with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) and conjugated with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides. Accumulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was evaluated using Prussian blue staining, transmission electron microscopy, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Uptake of RGD-USPIO by HUVECs was significantly increased when compared with unlabeled USPIO and could be competitively inhibited by addition of unbound RGD. The ability of the RGD-USPIO to noninvasively distinguish tumors with high (HaCaT-ras-A-5RT3) and lower (A431) area fractions of αvβ3 integrin–positive vessels was evaluated using a 1.5-T MR scanner. Indeed, after RGD-USPIO injection, there was a more pronounced decrease in T2 relaxation times in HaCaT-ras-A-5RT3 tumors than in A431 tumors. Furthermore, T2*-weighted images clearly identified the heterogeneous arrangement of vessels with αvβ3 integrins in HaCaT-ras-A-5RT3 tumors by an irregular signal intensity decrease. In contrast, in A431 tumors with predominantly small and uniformly distributed vessels, the signal intensity decreased more homogeneously. In summary, RGD-coupled, APTMS-coated USPIOs efficiently label αvβ3 integrins expressed on endothelial cells. Furthermore, these molecular MR imaging probes are capable of distinguishing tumors differing in the degree of αvβ3 integrin expression and in their angiogenesis profile even when using a clinical 1.5-T MR scanner. [Cancer Res 2007;67(4):1555–62]
Suppression of T cell-mediated cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity by serum from guinea pigs immunized with mycobacterial adjuvant.
Authors: E B Mitchell, P W Askenase
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Guinea pigs immunized with protein antigens emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and skin tested at 3-4 wk have classical tuberculin-type delayed hypersensitivity (DH) reactions with few basophils present. However, recipients of T cells from these animals have delayed responses containing large basophil infiltrates and thus resemble basophil-rich cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) responses that are elicited in animals immunized without CFA. This suggests that animals immunized with CFA have T cells with basophil-recruiting capacity but that this activity is suppressed. Using a transfer system, we found that immune serum from donors immunized with CFA had the ability to suppress the basophil-recruiting capacity of immune T cells. When immune serum and peritoneal exudate cells from guinea pigs immunized with CFA were co-transferred intravenously to normal recipients, the cell-mediated transfer of basophil-rich responses was suppressed. The responsible serum factor was antigen nonspecific, had an approximately 70,000 mol wt, and acted preferentially on cells from donors that express basophil-poor DH responses. Thus, tuberculin-type delayed hypersensitivity and CBH might be mediated by a common T cell, but the resulting basophil component of the delayed response depends on the modulation of T cell recruitment of basophils by factors in CFA-immune serum.
What makes a conscious process conscious?
Authors: Max Velmans
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Newell &amp; Shanks' (N&amp;S's) critical review considers only a very limited sense in which mental processes can be thought of as either conscious or unconscious and consequently gives a misleading analysis of the role of consciousness in human information processing. This commentary provides an expanded analysis of conscious processing that also reveals the various ways in which mental processes are unconscious.
Fatigue, Inflammation, and ω-3 and ω-6 Fatty Acid Intake Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Catherine M. Alfano, Ikuyo Imayama, Marian L. Neuhouser, Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser, Ashley Wilder Smith, Kathleen Meeske, Anne McTiernan, Leslie Bernstein, Kathy B. Baumgartner, Cornelia M. Ulrich, Rachel Ballard-Barbash
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Evidence suggests that inflammation may drive fatigue in cancer survivors. Research in healthy populations has shown reduced inflammation with higher dietary intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which could potentially reduce fatigue. This study investigated fatigue, inflammation, and intake of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs among breast cancer survivors.Six hundred thirty-three survivors (mean age, 56 years; stage I to IIIA) participating in the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Study completed a food frequency/dietary supplement questionnaire and provided a blood sample assayed for C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (30 months after diagnosis) and completed the Piper Fatigue Scale and Short Form-36 (SF-36) vitality scale (39 months after diagnosis). Analysis of covariance and logistic regression models tested relationships between inflammation and fatigue, inflammation and ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA intake, and PUFA intake and fatigue, controlling for three incremental levels of confounders. Fatigue was analyzed continuously (Piper scales) and dichotomously (SF-36 vitality ≤ 50).Behavioral (P = .003) and sensory (P = .001) fatigue scale scores were higher by increasing CRP tertile; relationships were attenuated after adjustment for medication use and comorbidity. Survivors with high CRP had 1.8 times greater odds of fatigue after full adjustment (P < .05). Higher intake of ω-6 relative to ω-3 PUFAs was associated with greater CRP (P = .01 after full adjustment) and greater odds of fatigue (odds ratio, 2.6 for the highest v lowest intake; P < .05).Results link higher intake of ω-3 PUFAs, decreased inflammation, and decreased physical aspects of fatigue. Future studies should test whether ω-3 supplementation may reduce fatigue among significantly fatigued breast cancer survivors.
Molecular Features of Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer Cells by Genome-Wide Gene Expression Profiles
Authors: Kenji Tamura, Mutsuo Furihata, Tatsuhiko Tsunoda, Shingo Ashida, Ryo Takata, Wataru Obara, Hiroki Yoshioka, Yataro Daigo, Yasutomo Nasu, Hiromi Kumon, Hiroyuki Konaka, Mikio Namiki, Keiichi Tozawa, Kenjiro Kohri, Nozomu Tanji, Masayoshi Yokoyama, Toru Shimazui, Hideyuki Akaza, Yoichi Mizutani, Tsuneharu Miki, Tomoaki Fujioka, Taro Shuin, Yusuke Nakamura, Hidewaki Nakagawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract One of the most critical issues in prostate cancer clinic is emerging hormone-refractory prostate cancers (HRPCs) and their management. Prostate cancer is usually androgen dependent and responds well to androgen ablation therapy. However, at a certain stage, they eventually acquire androgen-independent and more aggressive phenotype and show poor response to any anticancer therapies. To characterize the molecular features of clinical HRPCs, we analyzed gene expression profiles of 25 clinical HRPCs and 10 hormone-sensitive prostate cancers (HSPCs) by genome-wide cDNA microarrays combining with laser microbeam microdissection. An unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis clearly distinguished expression patterns of HRPC cells from those of HSPC cells. In addition, primary and metastatic HRPCs from three patients were closely clustered regardless of metastatic organs. A supervised analysis and permutation test identified 36 up-regulated genes and 70 down-regulated genes in HRPCs compared with HSPCs (average fold difference &amp;gt; 1.5; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). We observed overexpression of AR, ANLN, and SNRPE and down-regulation of NR4A1, CYP27A1, and HLA-A antigen in HRPC progression. AR overexpression is likely to play a central role of hormone-refractory phenotype, and other genes we identified were considered to be related to more aggressive phenotype of clinical HRPCs, and in fact, knockdown of these overexpressing genes by small interfering RNA resulted in drastic attenuation of prostate cancer cell viability. Our microarray analysis of HRPC cells should provide useful information to understand the molecular mechanism of HRPC progression and to identify molecular targets for development of HRPC treatment. [Cancer Res 2007;67(11):5117–25]
The Melanoma-Associated Antigen A3 Mediates Fibronectin-Controlled Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Wei Liu, Sonia Cheng, Sylvia L. Asa, Shereen Ezzat
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Tumor cells frequently exhibit decreased adhesiveness due to failure to deposit stromal fibronectin (FN), permitting more rapid proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Although up-regulation of FN has been noted in gene profiles of carcinomas compared with normal tissue, reduced FN expression has been described at the peripheral margins of invading tumors. In this study, we investigate the role of FN in cancer behavior. Using human thyroid carcinoma cells with stably down-regulated FN, we performed gene profiling and created an orthotopic mouse model. We stably overexpressed the FN target, MAGE A3, which has also been identified as a target of the breast cancer risk factor fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, and examined the functional effects in vitro and in vivo in a flank model and an orthotopic model of thyroid cancer. Mouse xenografts showed significantly enhanced tumor growth as well as larger and more numerous lung metastases in response to FN silencing. Gene profiling identified the melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE A3) as significantly up-regulated in response to FN silencing. Forced expression of MAGE A3 resulted in p21 down-regulation, accelerated cell cycle progression, increased cell migration rate, and invasion in vitro and in vivo in an orthotopic mouse model where microcomputed tomography confirmed lung metastases that recapitulate the progression of human thyroid cancer. We conclude that MAGE A3 is a functional integrator of diverse signals, including FGFR2 and FN, to modulate cancer progression. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):8104–12]
Changes in the timed finger-to-nose task performance following exercise of different intensities
Authors: S John Sullivan, Anthony G Schneiders, Phil Handcock, Andrew Gray, Paul R McCrory
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of exercise intensity on the timed finger-to-nose (FTN) task, a measure of upper limb coordination included in the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT2). Methods A three-group crossover randomised design was used to investigate changes in FTN times at three levels of exercise intensity; no exercise/rest (NE), moderate intensity exercise (ME) and high-intensity exercise (HE). Heart rates and a rating of perceived exertion (Borg Scale) were recorded to verify the level of exercise intensity. Participants performed three trials of the timed FTN task: pre-exercise, post-exercise and 15 min after the cessation of exercise. Linear mixed models were used to compare FTN change scores associated with exercise. Results Ninety asymptomatic participants (45♂:45♀) aged 18–32 years completed the study. Changes in FTN scores from pre-exercise showed that the HE condition was facilitated relative to NE at post-exercise (8% faster, 95% CI 5% to 10%, p&lt;0.001) and at post-15 (3% faster, 95% CI 1% to 6%, p=0.005). ME did not show such a facilitation following exercise (2% faster, 95% CI 0% to 4%, p=0.081 and 1% faster, 95% CI 1% to 4%, p=0.225 respectively). Conclusions Performance on the FTN task is enhanced by a short period of HE, and this effect persists for at least 15 min. There was no evidence of such an effect with ME.
Final results from a randomized phase 3 study of FOLFIRI ± panitumumab for second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: M. Peeters, T.J. Price, A. Cervantes, A.F. Sobrero, M. Ducreux, Y. Hotko, T. André, E. Chan, F. Lordick, C.J.A. Punt, A.H. Strickland, G. Wilson, T.E. Ciuleanu, L. Roman, E. Van Cutsem, Y. Tian, R. Sidhu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Effect of glucocorticoids on the hexose monophosphate pathway in human rheumatoid synovial lining cells in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: L Bitensky, B Cashman, J J Johnstone, J Chayen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Human rheumatoid synovial lining cells have up to four times the capacity to oxidize glucose 6-phosphate, the first step of the hexose monophosphate pathway, as do the nonrheumatoid cells. The reducing equivalents produced by this system have many significant metabolic effects. Exposure of these cells by 10(-5) M prednisolone in vitro, or to 6 mg/day in vivo, causes some depression of this activity in the rheumatoid synovial lining cells; less than this dose of steroid, or the administration of nonsteroidal drugs in vivo, has little or no effect. The depression of activity produced by 6 mg/day does not bring this activity down to the value found in nonrheumatoid synoviocytes.