tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes Randomized Trial of Different Treatment Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Bernard R. Chaitman, Regina M. Hardison, Dale Adler, Suzanne Gebhart, Mary Grogan, Salvador Ocampo, George Sopko, Jose A. Ramires, David Schneider, Robert L. Frye
Journal: Circulation (2009)

The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial in 2368 patients with stable ischemic heart disease assigned before randomization to percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting strata reported similar 5-year all-cause mortality rates with insulin sensitization versus insulin provision therapy and with a strategy of prompt initial coronary revascularization and intensive medical therapy or intensive medical therapy alone with revascularization reserved for clinical indication(s). In this report, we examine the predefined secondary end points of cardiac death and myocardial infarction (MI).Outcome data were analyzed by intention to treat; the Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess 5-year event rates. Nominal P values are presented. During an average 5.3-year follow-up, there were 316 deaths (43% were attributed to cardiac causes) and 279 first MI events. Five-year cardiac mortality did not differ between revascularization plus intensive medical therapy (5.9%) and intensive medical therapy alone groups (5.7%; P=0.38) or between insulin sensitization (5.7%) and insulin provision therapy (6%; P=0.76). In the coronary artery bypass grafting stratum (n=763), MI events were significantly less frequent in revascularization plus intensive medical therapy versus intensive medical therapy alone groups (10.0% versus 17.6%; P=0.003), and the composite end points of all-cause death or MI (21.1% versus 29.2%; P=0.010) and cardiac death or MI (P=0.03) were also less frequent. Reduction in MI (P=0.001) and cardiac death/MI (P=0.002) was significant only in the insulin sensitization group.In many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stable ischemic coronary disease in whom angina symptoms are controlled, similar to those enrolled in the percutaneous coronary intervention stratum, intensive medical therapy alone should be the first-line strategy. In patients with more extensive coronary disease, similar to those enrolled in the coronary artery bypass grafting stratum, prompt coronary artery bypass grafting, in the absence of contraindications, intensive medical therapy, and an insulin sensitization strategy appears to be a preferred therapeutic strategy to reduce the incidence of MI.
Optimal Blood Ordering for Elective Surgery
Authors: John Bernard Henry
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE 21-day shelf-life of donated blood, stored at 4 to 6 C obligates blood bank directors and other physicians to manage this important resource carefully. Because frozen blood is expensive, most patients requiring hemotherapy receive units stored at 4 to 6 C. Appropriate crossmatch ordering is necessary for effective utilization of this blood. A unit of blood that has been crossmatched for a particular patient is reserved for that patient (24 to 48 hours in most institutions) and is thus unavailable for use elsewhere. Therefore, if it is not actually transfused into that patient, there is an increased likelihood of its becoming outdated. Several institutions have tried to circumvent this problem by crossmatching and reserving one unit for two or more patients simultaneously. This procedure is an expediency with inherent risks. We have studied the use of blood in elective surgery at our institution to develop guidelines for the surgical
Use of medical titles by non-doctors can mislead patients
Authors: W. Jerjes, T. Upile
Journal: BMJ (2011)

ROB WHITE

The increasingly widespread use of doctors’ titles by non-medical professionals in clinical settings is a serious concern. The BMA has commented on the problem of job titles that confuse patients, suggesting that those such as “consultant” and “surgeon” should not be used by non-clinicians because they cause confusion among patients (www.bma.org.uk/patients\_public/whos\_who_healthcare/glossallied.jsp).

In a survey of 262 members of the public by the British Orthopaedic Trainees Association 95% of the public and 84% of healthcare professionals thought that a person using the title “consultant podiatric surgeon” had a registered medical qualification—that is, that he or she was a medically qualified doctor. Obviously when these titles are used in …
Junior doctors' shifts and sleep deprivation: European directive seems not to apply to doctors' hours in rest of European Union
Authors: John J Atkinson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Junior doctors' shifts and sleep deprivation New on-call rotas do not workEditor-Clearly the editorial by Murray et al on junior doctors' shifts has struck a chord with many, as on-call rotas are something close to many doctors hearts. 1 2 To most it seems the grass is not greener on the other side.Having worked most rotas, be it a traditional one in four, with full weekends, to partial, hybrid, and full shift patterns, I am in a reasonable position to comment on what I think makes a liveable on-call rota.I was under the impression that the European Working Time Directive was set out to improve the health and safety of workers, make working conditions better, but also make life away from work better because doctors would be less tired.The directive scores a "no" against all of these.I find myself more tired at work and at home, less enthusiastic, and less motivated by what is becoming a regular chore.Instead of being on call once a week, I find myself doing an on-call shift two or three times a week (on average), being late home more often than not because fewer juniors are around, and spending less time with my young children.The "old" rota system of a 24 hour oncall, with at least six on a rota, made on-call shifts less frequent, more tolerable, and even enjoyable.It also left plenty of time for training, and so long as there were six or more on rota, it made the annual leave far more flexible and workable.Anaesthetists rarely complained, certainly compared with other specialties' rotas, and everyone knew that however busy, you were always going to go home to a full day off in the morning.Why not listen to those doing the rota, and affected family members, and respect within reason what the workers want to work.
Aid agencies condemn drug confiscation
Authors: M. Day
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Aid agencies have condemned the Dutch government’s seizure of a shipment of antiretroviral drugs destined for sub-Saharan Africa, which they say flouts world trade rules and will put patients’ lives at risk.

Oxfam International, Health Action International, and the World Health Organization say that the 50 kg consignment of abacavir should be released immediately, before the health of hundreds of Nigerian patients with AIDS or infected with HIV is affected.

Dutch customs seized the drugs on their way from India in November at Schiphol airport, Amsterdam, on suspicion that they might be counterfeit or have breached local intellectual property rights.

The suggestions were …
The "Early, Curable Stage" of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: J. W. Todd
Journal: BMJ (1965)

should be made of each necessary diagnostic procedure.A full description of our experience with monoarticular arthritis in children has recently been published, which a more specialized audience may perhaps find useful.'Finally, as Professor Illingworth well knows, some large-scale well-controlled studies have shown that cortisone,2 prednisone either in moderate dosage,3 or in larger dosage,4 or in more prolonged dosage,5 shows no superiority to acetylsalicylic acid in prevent- ing residual rheumatic heart disease.Others have claimed that it does, and there are con- trolled trials to support this view.Our own view at Taplow on the basis of various con- trolled trials and with experience of over 1,500 cases of rheumatic fever is as expressed in my article, that prednisone does not pre- vent the development of rheumatic heart disease but may be better than salicylate in preventing failure in cases of moderate or severe carditis.-Iam, etc.,
Indwelling Electronic Cardiac Pacemakers
Authors: Brent M. Parker
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Implantable cardiac pacemakers have been inserted in 12 patients with Stokes-Adams attacks not controlled by medical therapy. The operation for insertion was well tolerated; however, three patients subsequently died, one of unrelated causes, and two of presumed arrhythmias. The nine survivors have all been greatly improved and are, in general, symptom free. Complications have included electrode failure in two patients, wound infection, diaphragmatic stimulation, and cerebrovascular accident. An electrode catheter placed in the right ventricle has been used successfully as an interim pacemaker in five of six patients. The presence of concurrent sinus and electrical pacemaking was well tolerated.
Evaluation of skin damage. II.
Authors: K.E. MALTEN, F.A.J. THIELE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Water loss and carbon dioxide release measurements were performed to determine whether the severity of damage to human skin, caused by exposing its surface to buffered and unbuffered solutions of alkali and sodium phosphate, could be evaluated simultaneously by means of different measuring techniques and whether the results of these measurements, expressed in numerical terms, gave identical information. It appeared that the buffered solutions disturbed skin functions less than the unbuffered solutions and therefore may be considered to be less harmful. The NaOH solution at pH 12.0, lacking any buffering capacity, damaged the skin, producing signs of inflammation, whereas that at pH 10.0 did not. It appeared that skin damage could be assessed reliably by simultaneously measuring changes in skin impedance, water loss and carbon dioxide release, which are interrelated parameters.
Tumour malignancy loss and cell differentiation are associated with induction of<i>gef</i>gene in human melanoma cells
Authors: H. Boulaiz, J. Prados, C. Melguizo, J.A. Marchal, E. Carrillo, M. Peran, F. Rodrguez-Serrano, A. Martnez-Amat, O. Caba, F. Hita, A. Concha, A. Arnega
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Gene therapy is a new method used to induce cancer cell differentiation. Our group previously showed that transfection of the gef gene from Escherichia coli, related to cell-killing functions, may be a novel candidate for cancer gene therapy. Its expression leads to cell cycle arrest unrelated to the triggering of apoptosis in MS-36 melanoma cells.To determine the basis of the antiproliferative effect of the gef gene in this cell line.Transmission electron microscopy, apoptosis analysis by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and immunocytochemical analysis were used.Ultrastructural analysis showed a strikingly different morphology after treatment with dexamethasone and expression of the gef gene, with large accumulations of pigment throughout the cell cytoplasm and presence of melanosomes in different stages of development. High mitochondrial turnover and myeloid bodies, characteristics of neurone cells, were also observed. In addition, both immunocytochemical and indirect immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in HMB-45, Ki-67 and CD44 antigen expression and an increase in S100 and p53 expression in gef gene-transfected MS-36 melanoma cells that were correlated with the duration of dexamethasone treatment. In the present work, we report that gef gene not only reduces cell proliferation in transfected melanoma MS-36TG cell line but also induces morphological changes clearly indicative of melanoma cell differentiation and a reduction in tumour malignancy.These findings support the hypothesis that the gef gene offers a new approach to differentiation therapy in melanoma.
Cure of prediabetic mice by viral infections involves lymphocyte recruitment along an IP-10 gradient
Authors: Urs Christen, Dirk Benke, Tom Wolfe, Evelyn Rodrigo, Antje Rhode, Anna C. Hughes, Michael B.A. Oldstone, Matthias G. von Herrath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Viruses can cause but can also prevent autoimmune disease. This dualism has certainly hampered attempts to establish a causal relationship between viral infections and type 1 diabetes (T1D). To develop a better mechanistic understanding of how viruses can influence the development of autoimmune disease, we exposed prediabetic mice to various viral infections. We used the well-established NOD and transgenic RIP-LCMV models of autoimmune diabetes. In both cases, infection with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) completely abrogated the diabetic process. Interestingly, such therapeutic viral infections resulted in a rapid recruitment of T lymphocytes from the islet infiltrate to the pancreatic draining lymph node, where increased apoptosis was occurring. In both models this was associated with a selective and extensive expression of the chemokine IP-10 (CXCL10), which predominantly attracts activated T lymphocytes, in the pancreatic draining lymph node, and in RIP-LCMV mice it depended on the viral antigenic load. In RIP-LCMV mice, blockade of TNF-α or IFN-γ in vivo abolished the prevention of T1D. Thus, virally induced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines can influence the ongoing autoaggressive process beneficially at the preclinical stage, if produced at the correct location, time, and levels.
Impaired Aldosterone Production in “Salt-losing” Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia*
Authors: George T. Bryan, Bernard Kliman, Frederic C. Bartter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

The following abbreviations have been used for the steroids discussed: pregnanetriol = pregnane-3a, 17a, 20atriol; pregnanetriolone = 3a, 17a, 20a-trihydroxypreg- nane-11-one; progesterone = A'-pregnene-3,20-dione; 17a- hydroxy progesterone = A' -pregnene -17a -ol -3,20 -dione; tetrahydrocortisone = 3a, 17a, 21-trihydroxypregnane- 11,20-dione.
Segmental volume distensibility of the canine thoracic aorta in vivo
Authors: B. J GENTILE, D. R GROSS, C J C. CHUONG, N. H C HWANG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Segments of the canine ascending aorta, upper descending thoracic aorta, and middle descending thoracic aorta were instrumented with ultrasonic dimension gauges and a cathetertip manometer simultaneously to measure changes in segment diameter, length, and intravascular pressure. Volume distensibility (Ev) was calculated as the sum of circumferential extensibility (Ec), longitudinal extensibility (EL), and high order extensibilities (EK) for each segment. The EC and EL were linear expressions that represented percentage volume changes per mmHg pulse pressure due to circumferential and longitudinal dimensional changes. The high order extensibilities (second and third order) accounted for the percentage volume changes per mmHg pulse pressure due to the interactions between circumferential and longitudinal dimensional changes. Mean(SEM) Ev values from six dogs were 1.62(0.31), 0.84(0.08), and 0.62(0.08)% ΔV/mmHg ΔP for the ascending aorta, upper descending thoracic aorta, and middle descending thoracic aorta segments respectively. The Ev, EL, and EK of the ascending aorta segment were significantly greater than those of the upper descending thoracic aorta and middle descending thoracic aorta segments, whereas Ec was significantly less in the ascending aorta than in both the upper descending thoracic aorta and middle descending thoracic aorta segments. It is concluded that there are regional differences in aortic distensibility and its components in vivo. Longitudinal wall motion is an important determinant of these aortic mechanical properties.
Exercise Intolerance Due to Mutations in the Cytochrome<i>b</i>Gene of Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Antoni L. Andreu, Michael G. Hanna, Heinz Reichmann, Claudio Bruno, Audrey S. Penn, Kurenai Tanji, Francesco Pallotti, So Iwata, Eduardo Bonilla, Boleslaw Lach, John Morgan-Hughes, Sara Shanske, Carolyn M. Sue, Teeratorn Pulkes, Asra Siddiqui, John B. Clark, John Land, Momi Iwata, Jochen Schaefer, Salvatore DiMauro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The mitochondrial myopathies typically affect many organ systems and are associated with mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that are maternally inherited. However, there is also a sporadic form of mitochondrial myopathy in which exercise intolerance is the predominant symptom. We studied the biochemical and molecular characteristics of this sporadic myopathy.
Current Controversies in Neurosurgery
Authors: Maurice W. Nicholson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Controversy is evidenced very early in Dr Frank Mayfield's comment on page 11, where he states that the number of operations done per neurosurgeon appears relatively low, indicating that neurosurgeons as they "should be" are rendering care to nonsurgical problems and the small number of operations indicates self-restraint. Many younger neurosurgeons believe that there are too many neurosurgeons, that they are not doing enough surgery, and that they are performing as neurologists, which they did not train to be. The chapters on various entities, such as treatment of hyperextension-flexion injuries, craniopharyngiomas, and acromegaly, offer diverse opinions, all of which are well written. Many other areas of the book are not really controversial but offer complementary approaches to the treatment of the condition under discussion. These chapters, while not controversial, are informative and offer a concise, broad overview of the subject. The latter part of the book, which deals with the
Estimation of Ascorbic Acid in Urine
Authors: G. W. T. H. Fleming, T. E. Burrows
Journal: BMJ (1938)

union is firm, and the shortening is slightly less than half an inch.Case 3.-A woman aged 55 had a transcervical fracture of the neck of the femur.She was operated on three days later by oblique osteotomy and fixed in plaster for three and a half months.She is now walking well without pain and with perfect stability.There is good union of all three fragments.Case 4.-A woman aged 54 sustained a transcervical fracture of the neck of the femur.She was operated on six days later by oblique osteotomy.After three and a half months' fixation in plaster union was complete in all three fragments.The patient is now apparently normal, without disability or pain, although there was temporary stiffness in the knee-joint for three months.This was cured by massage and voluntary movements, and did not prevent the patient from walking at any time.
The Reliability of Thallium-201 Myocardial Tomography in a Clinical Setting without Exclusions for Drugs or Suboptimal Exercise
Authors: MARC COEL, BRYAN GUSHIKEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A prospective study of 181 patients who underwent SPECT thallium stress imaging produced a sensitivity of 97%, a specificity of 90%, and an accuracy of 93%. Clinically it is often hard to withhold cardiac medications or exclude attempts at diagnosis even after suboptimal stress. These results indicate that tomographic thallium stress testing provides excellent clinical information, even in a relatively unselected population.
Upregulation of the CD40/CD40 Ligand Dyad and Platelet-Monocyte Aggregation in Cigarette Smokers
Authors: S.A. Harding, J. Sarma, D.H. Josephs, N.L. Cruden, J.N. Din, P.J. Twomey, K.A.A. Fox, D.E. Newby
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Smoking is a potent cardiovascular risk factor and is associated with proinflammatory and prothrombotic responses. The CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) dyad and platelet-monocyte aggregation mediate a range of proinflammatory and prothrombotic processes thought to be important in atherothrombosis. We investigated whether expression of the CD40/CD40L dyad and platelet-monocyte aggregation are altered in cigarette smokers. Methods and Results— C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble (s) CD40L, and surface expression of CD40L on platelets and T cells and of CD40 on monocytes and platelet-monocyte aggregates were compared in 25 cigarette smokers and 25 age- and gender-matched nonsmokers. Cigarette smokers had increased serum CRP (2.47±2.60 versus 0.94±0.96 mg/L, P =0.008) and appeared to have elevated plasma sCD40L (0.8±1.09 versus 0.37±0.21 ng/mL, P =0.07) concentrations. Smokers also had increased surface expression of CD40 on monocytes (45.9±7.7% versus 39.9±6.5%, P =0.006), of CD40L on platelets (2.9±1.0% versus 2.3±0.6%, P =0.03), and of platelet-monocyte aggregates (26.6±10.9% versus 19.7±8.6%, P =0.02). Plasma cotinine concentrations correlated with monocyte CD40 expression, platelet CD40L expression, and platelet-monocyte aggregates. Conclusions— Cigarette smokers have upregulation of the CD40/CD40L dyad and platelet-monocyte aggregation that may account for the atherothrombotic consequences of this major cardiovascular risk factor.
RUNX1 represses the erythroid gene expression program during megakaryocytic differentiation
Authors: Olga N. Kuvardina, Julia Herglotz, Stephan Kolodziej, Nicole Kohrs, Stefanie Herkt, Bartosch Wojcik, Thomas Oellerich, Jasmin Corso, Kira Behrens, Ashok Kumar, Helge Hussong, Henning Urlaub, Joachim Koch, Hubert Serve, Halvard Bonig, Carol Stocking, Michael A. Rieger, Jörn Lausen
Journal: Blood (2015)
St. Louis Encephalitis in Children During the 1964 Epidemic
Authors: Fred F. Barrett
Journal: JAMA (1965)

During the late summer and early fall of 1964 an epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis occurred in Houston. In the three-month period from July to October 1964, 50 patients were admitted to the pediatric service of Ben Taub General Hospital with a preliminary diagnosis of viral meningoencephalitis. Early in the period of study there was nothing to suggest that the viruses causing the central-nervous-system disease were other than the usual endemic enteroviruses which are prevalent in Houston in midsummer.<sup>1</sup>However, an unusual incidence of severe meningoencephalitis among adults, with a number of fatalities,<sup>2</sup>suggested that a new viral agent had entered the community. Brain tissue was obtained at postmortem examination from several adults with meningoencephalitis. Microscopic examination of the tissue revealed pathological findings consistent with a diagnosis of St. Louis encephalitis. Preliminary blood samples obtained from adult as well as pediatric patients demonstrated serologic evidence of St. Louis
Mechanical stress-dependent secretion of interleukin 6 by endothelial cells after portal vein embolization: clinical and experimental studies
Authors: Masami Kawai, Keiji Naruse, Shunichiro Komatsu, Satoshi Kobayashi, Masato Nagino, Yuji Nimura, Masahiro Sokabe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Serum and urine concentrations of 5-methoxypsoralen after oral administration
Authors: L.M.L. STOLK, W. WESTERHOF, R.H. CORMANE, P.A.VAN ZWIETEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

SUMMARY Serum and urine concentrations were measured after oral administration of 5-methoxypsoralen (0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg) to psoriasis patients. A dose of 0.6 mg/kg resulted in low serum concentrations, but after 1.2 mg/kg, much higher serum concentrations were reached. There was much individual variation in the time required for reaching peak serum levels. Minute amounts of unchanged 5-methoxypsoralen were excreted in urine. Much larger amounts were excreted as conjugates.
A CASE OF GENERALIZED PUSTULAR PSORIASIS
Authors: A. C. ROXBURGH, K.O. BLACK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1936)

Journal Article A CASE OF GENERALIZED PUSTULAR PSORIASIS Get access A. C. ROXBURGH, M.D., F.R.C.P, A. C. ROXBURGH, M.D., F.R.C.P Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.O. BLACK, B.CRlR, CAMS K.O. BLACK, B.CRlR, CAMS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 48, Issue 11, 1 November 1936, Pages 618–624, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1936.tb10388.x Published: 01 November 1936