tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PRESENT DAY METHODS OF CONDUCTING LABOR CASES AND THE RESULTS OBTAINED.
Authors: JOHN A. McKENNA
Journal: JAMA (1905)

I selected this subject for presentation before this section because of the great interest obstetric work holds for me among the several branches of medicine with which I am familiar, and because of the gratifying results I have obtained in this line of work. I have not attempted a critical review of either ancient or modern obstetric methods, but have made the body of this paper a report of my technic of delivery, an analysis of a series of cases which have occurred in my private practice and some few other cases seen in consultation. Among the splendid activities by which tireless science keeps mankind ever moving forward, it is not often that the obstetrician claims public attention by sensational discoveries or achievements; yet in the broad domain of human progress there has been no more distinct or radical advancement than in that field which calls for the highest resources
Chemoattraction of human blood T lymphocytes by interleukin-15.
Authors: P C Wilkinson, F Y Liew
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Recombinant interleukin (IL)-15, derived from a simian kidney epithelial cell line, is a chemoattractant for human blood T lymphocytes judged by its ability to increase the proportion of cells in polarized morphology, to stimulate invasion of collagen gels containing IL-15, and to increase the proportion of locomotor cells observed by time-lapse videorecording. The ability of lymphocytes to respond was partly, but not completely, inhibited by pretreatment with anti-IL-2 receptor beta-chain. The activity of IL-15 was completely abolished by preincubation with aIL-15 but unaffected by preincubation with aIL-2. No response of monocytes, neutrophils, or B lymphocytes to IL-15 was observed.
In vitro effects of oxpentifylline on inflammatory cytokine release in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: J M Reimund, S Dumont, C D Muller, J S Kenney, M Kedinger, R Baumann, P Poindron, B Duclos
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL)-1 beta, have been implicated as primary mediators of intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. AIM: To investigate the in vitro effects of oxpentifylline (pentoxifylline; PTX; a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) on inflammatory cytokine production (1) by peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and (2) by inflamed intestinal mucosa cultures from patients with Crohn9s disease and patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS: PBMCs and mucosal biopsy specimens were cultured for 24 hours in the absence or presence of PTX (up to 100 micrograms/ml), and the secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). RESULTS: PTX inhibited the release of TNF-alpha by PBMCs from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta by organ cultures of inflamed mucosa from the same patients. Secretion of TNF-alpha by PBMCs was inhibited by about 50% at a PTX concentration of 25 micrograms/ml (IC50). PTX was equally potent in cultures from controls, patients with Crohn9s disease, and those with ulcerative colitis. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were not significantly modified in PBMCs, but IL-6 increased slightly in organ culture supernatants. CONCLUSIONS: PTX or more potent related compounds may represent a new family of cytokine inhibitors, potentially interesting for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Universal Health Insurance: Its Time Has Come
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Over a year ago I said that "we urgently need a new and more comprehensive approach to health policy. . ." and noted that the National Leadership Commission on Health Care was planning to propose such an approach by the end of 1988.*The Commission's report has not been released as of this writing, and when it is I expect to comment further. In the meantime, the Journal has published two other important contributions on this subject. In this issue and the last is a two-part description by Professor Alain Enthoven of his "Consumer-Choice Health Plan for the 1990s." This . . .
Factor V Leiden mutation carriership and venous thromboembolism in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Marco Ruggeri, Heinz Gisslinger, Alberto Tosetto, Claudia Rintelen, Christine Mannhalter, Ingrid Pabinger, Navide Heis, Giancarlo Castaman, Edoardo Missiaglia, Klaus Lechner, Francesco Rodeghiero
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Polycythemia Vera (PV) and Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) are chronic myeloproliferative disorders complicated by a high incidence of thrombotic complications. Extensive coagulation studies failed to demonstrate a consistent pattern of abnormalities associated with thrombosis. Recently, a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC), due to a mutation of factor V (FV Leiden), has been identified as the most frequent hereditary disorder associated with venous thrombophilia. We investigated in 304 patients with PV and ET whether the presence of FV Leiden could be a risk factor for thrombosis. FV Leiden was found in 14/304 patients (4.6%) and was associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurred before and at diagnosis (5/27,16%, with a significant difference of prevalence in comparison of that observed in asymptomatic patients, 9/263, 3%, p = 0.003). Carriership of FV Leiden was associated with VTE relapse, with a prevalence of 3.6% in asymptomatic patients, 6.9% in patients with a single episode of VTE and 18.1% in patients with recurrent VTE. The prevalence of FV Leiden in patients with and without arterial thrombosis was similar (5/79, 6% and 9/211, 4%, respectively, p = 0.337). This study indicates that the prevalence of the FV Leiden mutation in patients with PV and ET is comparable with that observed in the general population. FV Leiden mutation is a risk factor for VTE before and at time of diagnosis and for VTE recurrences. Screening for FV Leiden may be considered to identify PV and ET patients at higher risk of recurrences. Am. J. Hematol. 71:1–6, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bronchial and Systemic Inflammation in Morbidly Obese Subjects with Asthma: A Biopsy Study
Authors: Astrid van Huisstede, Arjan Rudolphus, Annemarie van Schadewijk, Manuel Castro Cabezas, Guido H. H. Mannaerts, Christian Taube, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Gert-Jan Braunstahl
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)
Rosuvastatin for Primary Prevention in Older Persons With Elevated C-Reactive Protein and Low to Average Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels: Exploratory Analysis of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Robert J Glynn, Wolfgang Koenig, Børge G Nordestgaard, James Shepherd, Paul M Ridker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Randomized data on statins for primary prevention in older persons are limited, and the relative hazard of cardiovascular disease associated with an elevated cholesterol level weakens with advancing age. Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin in persons 70 years or older. Design: Secondary analysis of JUPITER (Justification for the Use of statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: 1315 sites in 26 countries randomly assigned participants in JUPITER. Participants: Among the 17 802 participants randomly assigned with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels less than 3.37 mmol/L (<130 mg/dL) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels of 2.0 mg/L or more without cardiovascular disease, 5695 were 70 years or older. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive 20 mg of rosuvastatin daily or placebo. Measurements: The primary end point was the occurrence of a first cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction, stroke, arterial revascularization, hospitalization for unstable angina, or death from cardiovascular causes). Results: The 32% of trial participants 70 years or older accrued 49% (n = 194) of the 393 confirmed primary end points. The rates of the primary end point in this age group were 1.22 and 1.99 per 100 person-years of follow-up in the rosuvastatin and placebo groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.46 to 0.82]; P < 0.001). Corresponding rates of all-cause mortality in this age group were 1.63 and 2.04 (hazard ratio, 0.80 [CI, 0.62 to 1.04]; P = 0.090). Although no significant heterogeneity was found in treatment effects by age, absolute reductions in event rates associated with rosuvastatin were greater in older persons. The relative rate of any serious adverse event among older persons in the rosuvastatin versus placebo group was 1.05 (CI, 0.93 to 1.17). Limitation: Effect estimates from this exploratory analysis with age cut-point chosen after trial completion should be viewed in the context of the overall trial results. Conclusion: In apparently healthy older persons without hyperlipidemia but with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, rosuvastatin reduces the incidence of major cardiovascular events. Primary Funding Source: AstraZeneca.
Social Integration and Suicide Mortality Among Men: 24-Year Cohort Study of U.S. Health Professionals
Authors: Alexander C. Tsai, Michel Lucas, Ayesha Sania, Daniel Kim, Ichiro Kawachi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Suicide is a major public health problem. Current thinking about suicide emphasizes the study of psychiatric, psychological, or biological determinants. Previous work in this area has largely relied on surrogate outcomes or samples enriched for psychiatric morbidity.To evaluate the relationship between social integration and suicide mortality.Prospective cohort study initiated in 1988.United States.34,901 men aged 40 to 75 years.Social integration was measured with a 7-item index that included marital status, social network size, frequency of contact, religious participation, and participation in other social groups. Vital status of study participants was ascertained through 1 February 2012. The primary outcome of interest was suicide mortality, defined as deaths classified with codes E950 to E959 from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision.Over 708,945 person-years of follow-up, there were 147 suicides. The incidence of suicide decreased with increasing social integration. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model, the relative hazard of suicide was lowest among participants in the highest (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.41 [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.69]) and second-highest (AHR, 0.52 [CI, 0.30 to 0.91]) categories of social integration. Three components (marital status, social network size, and religious service attendance) showed the strongest protective associations. Social integration was also inversely associated with all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality, but accounting for competing causes of death did not substantively alter the findings.The study lacked information on participants' mental well-being. Some suicides could have been misclassified as accidental deaths.Men who were socially well-integrated had a more than 2-fold reduced risk for suicide over 24 years of follow-up.National Institutes of Health and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Efficacy of Rofecoxib, Celecoxib, and Acetaminophen in Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Gregory P. Geba, Arthur L. Weaver, Adam B. Polis, Mary E. Dixon, Thomas J. Schnitzer, None for the VACT Group
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextOsteoarthritis (OA) is often treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, or specific inhibitors of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2).ObjectiveTo assess the relative therapeutic efficacy of rofecoxib, celecoxib, and acetaminophen in adults with OA.Design and SettingRandomized, parallel-group, double-blind trial, conducted from June 1999 to February 2000, in 29 clinical centers in the United States.PatientsThree hundred eighty-two patients aged at least 40 years who had OA of the knee that was previously treated with NSAIDs or acetaminophen.InterventionsPatients were randomly assigned to receive rofecoxib, 12.5 mg/d (n = 96); rofecoxib, 25 mg/d (n = 95); celecoxib, 200 mg/d (n = 97); or acetaminophen, 4000 mg/d (n = 94) for 6 weeks.Main Outcome MeasuresAssessments over days 1 to 6 and over 6 weeks included pain on walking, night pain, pain at rest, and morning stiffness as measured on a Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (100-mm visual analog scale [VAS]) and global response to therapy compared among 4 treatment groups.Results79% of patients completed the study. More patients treated with acetaminophen discontinued early due to lack of efficacy than patients treated with COX-2 inhibitors (31% vs 18%-19%). Efficacy assessed in the first 6 days of therapy showed greatest response to rofecoxib, 25 mg/d, followed by rofecoxib, 12.5 mg/d, celecoxib, and acetaminophen, respectively, in terms of relief of pain on walking (−32.2, − 29.0, − 26.4, and −20.6 mm change on the VAS; P≤.04 for all others vs acetaminophen; P = .05 for 25-mg rofecoxib vs celecoxib), rest pain (−21.8, − 18.6, − 15.5, and − 12.5 mm; P≤.02 for either dose of rofecoxib vs acetaminophen and P = .02 for rofecoxib, 25 mg/d, vs celecoxib), night pain (−25.2, − 22.0, − 18.7, and − 18.8 mm; P = .04 for rofecoxib, 25 mg/d, vs both acetaminophen and celecoxib), and morning stiffness (−30.4, − 28.4, − 25.7, and − 20.9 mm; P≤.02 for either dose of rofecoxib vs acetaminophen). Over 6 weeks, rofecoxib, 25 mg/d, provided greatest response for night pain (P<.002 vs celecoxib and P = .006 vs acetaminophen and P = .02 vs rofecoxib, 12.5 mg/d), composite pain subscale (P≤.03 vs all other treatments), stiffness subscale (P≤.04 vs celecoxib and acetaminophen), and physical function subscale (P = .001 vs acetaminophen). Global responses over 6 weeks showed a similar pattern (good or excellent response at week 6: 60%, 56%, 46%, and 39%, respectively; P≤.03 for rofecoxib, 25 mg/d, vs celecoxib and acetaminophen; P = .02 for rofecoxib, 12.5 mg/d, vs acetaminophen). All treatments were generally safe and well tolerated.ConclusionRofecoxib, 25 mg/d, provided efficacy advantages over acetaminophen, 4000 mg/d, celecoxib, 200 mg/d, and rofecoxib, 12.5 mg, for symptomatic knee OA.
Low-Dose Otelixizumab Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody DEFEND-1 Study: Results of the Randomized Phase III Study in Recent-Onset Human Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ronnie Aronson, Peter A. Gottlieb, Jens S. Christiansen, Thomas W. Donner, Emanuele Bosi, Bruce W. Bode, Paolo Pozzilli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Previous studies demonstrated that the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody otelixizumab, administered at a total dose of 48-64 mg, can slow the loss of C-peptide in recent-onset type 1 diabetes patients, with frequent reactivation of Epstein Barr virus (EBV). The DEFEND-1 (Durable Response Therapy Evaluation for Early or New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes) trial was designed to test whether a lower dose of otelixizumab could preserve C-peptide secretion in new-onset type 1 diabetes patients.A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed in sites in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. Two hundred eighty-one patients were randomized to treatment with 3.1 mg otelixizumab administered over 8 days or placebo. The primary end point of the study was the change in C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) from a 2-h mixed-meal tolerance test at month 12.The change in 2-h C-peptide AUC was not different between placebo-treated patients and otelixizumab-treated patients (-0.20 vs. -0.22 nmol/L, P = 0.81). Secondary end points, including HbA1c, glucose variability, and insulin dose, were also not statistically different between the two groups. More patients in the otelixizumab group than in the placebo group experienced adverse events, mostly grade 1 or grade 2. There was no EBV reactivation (viral load >10,000 copies/10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in the otelixizumab group, in contrast with previously published studies at higher doses of otelixizumab.Otelixizumab was well tolerated in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes at a total dose of 3.1 mg, but did not achieve preservation of levels of C-peptide or other markers of metabolic control.
Macroscopic hematuria with glomerular bleeding: a peculiar form of acute renal failure in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Jf. Cadranel, N. Soltani, C. Guettier, D. Fleury, Jm. Poux, D. Hillion, P. Vanhille, P. Bataille, P. Fievet, R. Demontis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Current Opinion in Urology
Authors: Arthur L. Soben
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<i>Current Opinion in Urology</i>aims to enhance urologists' awareness of recent developments in their specialty by using short, authoritative review articles and extensive evaluative bibliographies. The publication divides urology into 12 major topic areas; two are covered in each issue, with each topic repeated annually. An internationally known editorial board selects an editor who writes an introduction to and overview of each topic. Other authorities write short reviews on the various aspects of the topic and include annotated lists of references. In addition to the two review articles, each issue contains two major bibliographies. Based on its survey of more than 100 medical journals for articles of urologic interest,<i>Current Opinion</i>publishes a bimonthly update of the world's literature in the entire field of urology, as well as a bibliography of the current year's world literature on the two topics covered in the issue. Each issue has an index, and
Cooperation, Not Competition, in the Health Professions
Authors: James H. Sammons
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Medical care has become a complex science that involves not only physicians but also many other professionally trained people. Some health professions such as dentistry, nursing, and pharmacy, are licensed to perform specific services and have well defined roles in the health care system. Many other recognized groups also work as a team with the physician and perform highly technical and skilled tasks that result in high-quality and efficient care for the patient. Unfortunately, persons with limited training and licensed to perform limited procedures may sometimes try to substitute for a fully trained medical specialist. Comprehensive schooling in the biological sciences, followed by intensive training and supervision in the clinical sciences, makes the physician the best equipped person to deal with illness in all its forms. Therefore, the AMA believes that the diagnosis and selection of treatment for any disease is best performed by a physician. When each professional group
INTRACORONARY BIVALIRUDIN ADMINISTRATION IN STEMI IMPROVES CORONARY FLOW
Authors: Joseph R. Aragon, Serge Korjian, Rim Halaby, Yazan Daaboul, Michael Shenoda, Spencer Price, Jason Bacon, Brian Beckord, Jamie Miller, Anna Florea, Kate Spielman, Madeleine Cochet, Maria Stepanchak, C. Michael Gibson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
In Response to an Opposing Viewpoint on Brain Death
Authors: Frank J. Veith
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> "Brain Death—An Opposing Viewpoint" by Byrne et al (242:1985, 1979) is an attempt to refute an article (238:1651, 1977) in which we developed scientific, theological, ethical, and legal support for use of the brain death concept. In our article we sustained the position that total and irreversible cessation of brain function as determined by the Harvard criteria (205:337, 1968) or their more recent modifications (237:982, 1977) is equivalent to total destruction of the brain and hence tantamount to functional or physiological decapitation, a condition that most lay and religious ethicists—and indeed most persons—can equate with death. The article by Byrne et al presents arguments that are weak at best and, in some instances, approach absurdity. It uses the language of science to plead a theological position against use of the brain death concept but fails to state clearly what can, with certainty, be equated with death, except
Abstract 1930: The unknown piece of the pie: Molecular markers in triple-negative lung cancer.
Authors: Brock L. Schweitzer, Kasey D. Lawrence, John Handshoe, Rachel Skelton, Lindsay Chatfield, Liquan Xue, Stephan W. Morris, David R. Hout
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Approximately ∼80% of lung cancer cases are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in type and &amp;gt;50% of NSCLC are adenocarcinoma in histopathology. A shifting paradigm in the field of pulmonary oncology is the identification of molecular markers that are therapeutic targets and/or provide prognostic information. The recent recognition of the role biomarkers such as EGFR, KRAS, and ALK play in NSCLC adenocarcinoma patients demonstrates this trend. Although these three highly characterized molecular markers make up one-quarter to two-thirds of NSCLC adenocarcinoma patients, the remaining population, termed “Triple-Negative Lung Cancer” (TNLC), has yet to be fully defined. The complete absence of therapeutic targets for triple-negative lung cancer patients undeniably supports the need to identify up-regulated and mutated genes that better define this poor prognostic cohort. Recent genome-wide expression profiles subdivided TNLC patients into a poor prognostic group based on the overexpression of the DEP domain containing 1 gene (DEPDC1) (Okayama et al., 2011). We hypothesized that overexpression of DEPDC1 correlates with a specific sub-population of adenocarcinoma patients. Our initial studies indicate that DEPDC1 is constitutively expressed in both normal lung as well as lung cancer specimens. DEPDC1 transcripts are present as two variants (V1 and V2), with constitutive expression of the V1 variant in normal lung. We hypothesized that expression of the V2 transcript could be unique to NSCLC adenocarcinomas. Screening of FFPE NSCLC adenocarcinoma specimens using a proprietary qPCR approach demonstrated the presence of the DEPDC1 V2 variant but at levels that were not sufficient to serve as a sole biomarker. We therefore investigated whether the ratio of DEPDC1 V2 expression relative to V1 could serve as a biomarker in TNLC. Our preliminary data suggest that the ratio of V2 to V1 expression of DEPDC1 does in fact segregate TNLC into specific sub-populations. These studies have exciting diagnostic as well as therapeutic implications as Phase I/II studies using novel peptide vaccines derived against DEPDC1 have proven tolerable and efficacious for patients with bladder cancer and could potentially be extended to target these newly identified TNLC sub-populations. Citation Format: Brock L. Schweitzer, Kasey D. Lawrence, John Handshoe, Rachel Skelton, Lindsay Chatfield, Liquan Xue, Stephan W. Morris, David R. Hout. The unknown piece of the pie: Molecular markers in triple-negative lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1930. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1930