tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determination of Neuronal Cell Fate: Lessons from the R7 Neuron of Drosophila
Authors: S L Zipursky, G M Rubin
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1994)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Frequency and Characteristics of Silent Dementia Among Elderly Japanese-American Men&lt;subtitle&gt;The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: G. Webster Ross, Robert D. Abbott, Helen Petrovitch, Kamal H. Masaki, Carolyn Murdaugh, Carol Trockman, J. David Curb, Lon R. White
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To determine the frequency of unrecognized dementia in a group of men found to have dementia by population survey, and to identify factors associated with the failure of a family informant to recognize significant memory impairment.The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, a population-based study of dementia among elderly Japanese-American men living on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Data for this study were from the dementia prevalence survey, 1991-1993.A total of 191 noninstitutionalized men with dementia who had a reliable family informant.Failure of family informants to recognize a problem with thinking or memory in subjects with dementia.A total of 21% of family informants failed to recognize a problem with memory among subjects subsequently found to have dementia. Among subjects with very mild dementia, 52% of family informants failed to recognize a significant memory problem compared with 13% among more severely demented subjects. Of the subjects with dementia whose family informants did recognize a memory problem, 53% failed to receive a medical evaluation for this problem. For all family informants, increasing age, fewer years of education, less severe dementia, fewer behavioral complications, fewer functional disabilities, and better performance on certain tests of memory and language were significantly associated with the family informant's failure to recognize a problem with memory. When the family informants were wives living with husbands, less severe dementia, fewer behavioral complications, fewer functional disabilities, and intact remote memory were associated with unrecognized dementia.Unrecognized dementia was common in our population, especially among mild cases. Cognitive screening programs for the elderly and public education policies designed to increase awareness of early signs of dementia are needed if interventions for individuals with potentially treatable dementias are to be implemented.
Mendelian inheritance of elevated serum tryptase associated with atopy and connective tissue abnormalities
Authors: Jonathan J. Lyons, Guangping Sun, Kelly D. Stone, Celeste Nelson, Laura Wisch, Michelle O'Brien, Nina Jones, Andrew Lindsley, Hirsh D. Komarow, Yun Bai, Linda M. Scott, Daly Cantave, Irina Maric, J. Pablo Abonia, Marc E. Rothenberg, Lawrence B. Schwartz, Joshua D. Milner, Todd M. Wilson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Isoforms and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the FSH receptor gene: implications for human reproduction
Authors: M. Simoni
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2002)

The FSH receptor shows three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), one in the promoter and two in exon 10. In addition, the FSH receptor mRNA undergoes extensive alternative splicing. While no physiological role for the SNP in the promoter and for alternative spliced isoforms has been demonstrated so far, the SNPs in exon 10 result in four discrete allelic variants characterized by the amino acid combinations Thr307-Asn680, Ala307-Ser680, Ala307-Asn680 and Thr307-Ser680. Several studies have demonstrated that the first two allelic variants are very frequent (∼60 and 40% respectively) in the Caucasian population. The rarer Ala307-Asn680 and Thr307-Ser680 variants are much less frequent (<5%) in the Chinese. In males the FSH receptor variants are not related to testicular volume, serum FSH or serum inhibin B levels. The two most common receptor variants transiently transfected in COS-7 cells displayed similar functional characteristics. Frequency distribution of the two polymorphisms in normal women and patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome or premature ovarian failure is still under investigation. The homozygous Ala307-Ser680 variant seems to be associated with significantly higher basal serum FSH levels and with a higher amount of FSH required for ovarian stimulation in women undergoing assisted reproduction. This suggests that the FSH receptor genotype can influence the ovarian response to FSH stimulation. The presence of SNPs in the FSH receptor gene capable of modifying FSH action paves the way for future patient-tailored, genotype-based hormone therapies.
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Early Cancers of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Roy Soetikno, Tonya Kaltenbach, Ronald Yeh, Takuji Gotoda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

The purpose of this literature review is to examine recent advances in technique and technology of endoscopic mucosal resection of superficial early cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of superficial early cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract is standard technique in Japan and is increasingly used in Western countries. Newer techniques of EMR allow removal of larger lesions en-bloc. These minimally invasive techniques, when applied correctly, allow safe and efficacious treatment in situations that would otherwise require major surgery. Through the establishment of long-term outcomes data, standardization of endoscopic and pathologic reporting, and newer EMR technology and techniques, the future treatment of early cancers in the upper gastrointestinal tract may be achieved primarily through the endoscope.
BCR-ABL–Induced Deregulation of the IL-33/ST2 Pathway in CD34(+) Progenitors from Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Anaïs Levescot, Stéphane Flamant, Sara Basbous, Florence Jacomet, Olivier Féraud, Elvire Anne Bourgeois, Marie-Laure Bonnet, Christine Giraud, Lydia Roy, Anne Barra, Jean-Claude Chomel, Ali Turhan, François Guilhot, Jean-Philippe Girard, Jean-Marc Gombert, André Herbelin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Although it is generally acknowledged that cytokines regulate normal hematopoiesis in an autocrine/paracrine fashion, their possible role in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and resistance to imatinib mesylate treatment remain poorly investigated. Here, we report that CD34(+) progenitors from patients with CML at diagnosis are selectively targeted by the cytokine/alarmin interleukin (IL)-33. Indeed, CML CD34(+) progenitors upregulate their cell surface expression of the IL-33-specific receptor chain ST2, proliferate and produce cytokines in response to IL-33, conversely to CD34(+) cells from healthy individuals. Moreover, ST2 overexpression is normalized following imatinib mesylate therapy, whereas IL-33 counteracts in vitro imatinib mesylate-induced growth arrest in CML CD34(+) progenitors via reactivation of the STAT5 pathway, thus supporting the notion that IL-33 may impede the antiproliferative effects of imatinib mesylate on CD34(+) progenitors in CML. Clinically, the levels of circulating soluble ST2, commonly considered a functional signature of IL-33 signaling in vivo, correlate with disease burden. Indeed, these elevated peripheral concentrations associated with a high Sokal score predictive of therapeutic outcome are normalized in patients in molecular remission. Finally, we evidenced a facilitating effect of IL-33 on in vivo maintenance of CD34(+) progenitors from patients with CML by using xenotransplant experiments in immunodeficient NOG mice, and we showed that engraftment of mouse BCR-ABL-transfected bone marrow progenitors was less efficient in IL-33-deficient mice compared with wild-type recipients. Taken together, our results provide evidence that IL-33/ST2 signaling may represent a novel cytokine-mediated mechanism contributing to CML progenitor growth and support a role for this pathway in CML maintenance and imatinib mesylate resistance.
Exaggerated Vascular and Renal Pathology in Endothelin-B Receptor–Deficient Rats With Deoxycorticosterone Acetate–Salt Hypertension
Authors: Yasuo Matsumura, Toshihiko Kuro, Yutaka Kobayashi, Fumiko Konishi, Masanori Takaoka, Jerry L. Wessale, Terry J. Opgenorth, Cheryl E. Gariepy, Masashi Yanagisawa
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Endothelin (ET)-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt–induced hypertension. We evaluated the pathological role of ET B receptors in DOCA-salt–induced hypertension, cardiovascular hypertrophy, and renal damage by using the spotting-lethal ( sl ) rat, which carries a naturally occurring deletion in the ET B receptor gene. Methods and Results —Homozygous ( sl / sl ) rats exhibit abnormal development of neural crest–derived epidermal melanocytes and the enteric nervous system, and they do not live beyond 1 month because of intestinal aganglionosis and intestinal obstruction. The dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH) promoter was used to direct ET B transgene expression in sl / sl rats to support normal enteric nervous system development. DβH-ET B sl/sl rats live into adulthood and are healthy, expressing ET B receptors in adrenal glands and other adrenergic neurons. When homozygous ( sl / sl ) and wild-type (+/+) rats, all of which were transgenic, were treated with DOCA-salt, homozygous rats exhibited earlier and higher increases in systolic blood pressure than did wild-type rats. Chronic treatment with ABT-627, an ET A receptor antagonist, completely suppressed DOCA-salt–induced hypertension in both groups. Renal dysfunction and histological damage were more severe in homozygous than in wild-type rats. Marked vascular hypertrophy was observed in homozygous rats than in wild-type rats. Renal and vascular injuries were significantly improved by ABT-627. In DOCA-salt–treated homozygous rats, there were notable increases in renal, urinary, and aortic ET-1, all of which were normalized by ABT-627. Conclusions —ET B -mediated actions are protective in the pathogenesis of DOCA-salt–induced hypertension. Enhanced ET-1 production and ET A -mediated actions are responsible for the increased susceptibility to DOCA-salt hypertension and tissue injuries in ET B receptor–deficient rats.
Impact of excision repair cross-complementing gene 1 (ERCC1) on the outcomes of patients with advanced gastric cancer: correlative study in Japan Clinical Oncology Group Trial JCOG9912
Authors: Y. Yamada, N. Boku, T. Nishina, K. Yamaguchi, T. Denda, A. Tsuji, Y. Hamamoto, K. Konishi, Y. Tsuji, K. Amagai, S. Ohkawa, Y. Fujita, H. Nishisaki, H. Kawai, A. Takashima, J. Mizusawa, K. Nakamura, A. Ohtsu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Bronchography in the assessment of patients with lung collapse for endoscopic laser therapy.
Authors: P J George, M C Pearson, D Edwards, R M Rudd, M R Hetzel
Journal: Thorax (1990)

In an attempt to improve selection of patients and the efficacy of endoscopic laser treatment, a bronchographic technique has been developed for patients with tumours causing complete endobronchial obstruction. This technique has shown patent distal airways in 16 out of 17 patients with a collapsed lung or lobe. These airways were abnormally dilated in each case, suggesting bronchiectasis. In one patient the appearances of bronchiectasis were sufficiently severe to decide against attempting treatment. Treatment was not attempted in another patient as a large cavity was seen within the collapsed lung and this was thought to carry a risk of postoperative infection and haemorrhage. Treatment with a neodymium YAG laser under general anaesthesia successfully recanalised the airway in 12 of the 15 remaining patients and was associated with a substantial reduction in breathlessness. The procedure was abandoned prematurely in one patient because of life threatening haemorrhage. In the remaining two patients in whom treatment was unsuccessful bronchography had suggested very extensive endobronchial obstruction. Spirometry and radionuclide lung scans were performed before and after treatment in eight patients treated successfully and showed significant improvements. Four patients were investigated within two weeks of lung re-expansion by repeat bronchography (three patients) or computed tomography (one patient); in each case the calibre of the airways had returned almost to normal. Thus the radiological demonstration of bronchial dilation in a collapsed lung does not necessarily imply a diagnosis of irreversible bronchiectasis and should not be regarded as a contraindication to treatment. It is concluded that preoperative bronchography provides reliable data on the extent of tumour, the patency of the distal airways, and presence of extensive cavitation. This information should facilitate successful laser treatment.
Daily home spirometry facilitates early detection of rejection in single lung transplant recipients with emphysema
Authors: O Bjortuft, B Johansen, J Boe, A Foerster, E Holter, O Geiran
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1993)

Eight single lung transplant recipients with emphysema, aged 40-58 yrs, have been followed up for 90 patient months. Starting 2-4 weeks postoperatively, they recorded their forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), at a fixed time every morning using a Micro Spirometer. They were instructed to contact the hospital if the FVC or FEV1 displayed a persistent (two days or more) decrease of 10%, compared with the average values during the last seven days. Transbronchial biopsies (TBB) were performed regularly in the follow-up, and whenever the patients had respiratory symptoms, or the FVC or FEV1 displayed a persistent decline of more than 10%. We performed 59 TBBs, and 23 biopsy specimens showed rejection. The FVC and FEV1 values on the TBB day were compared with the mean values of the 7 previous days. FVC and FEV1, associated with negative TBBs (16 events), showed no significant changes. However, FVC and FEV1 decreased significantly (p < 0.001, paired t-test) during rejections (mean percentage change 14 and 21% respectively, range +8% to -53%). In 16 of the 23 rejections, the FEV1 decreased by > 10%. We recommend the use of daily home spirometry when monitoring single lung recipients with emphysema, and suggest that a persistent 10% decrease in FEV1 or FVC for at least two days is an indication for hospital admission and possible TBB.
Trisomy 19 ependymoma, a newly recognized genetico-histological association, including clear cell ependymoma
Authors: Emmanuel Rousseau, Thomas Palm, Francesco Scaravilli, Marie-Magdeleine Ruchoux, Dominique Figarella-Branger, Isabelle Salmon, David Ellison, Catherine Lacroix, Françoise Chapon, Jacqueline Mikol, Miikka Vikkula, Catherine Godfraind
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2007)

Abstract Ependymal tumors constitute a clinicopathologically heterogeneous group of brain tumors. They vary in regard to their age at first symptom, localization, morphology and prognosis. Genetic data also suggests heterogeneity. We define a newly recognized subset of ependymal tumors, the trisomy 19 ependymoma . Histologically, they are compact lesions characterized by a rich branched capillary network amongst which tumoral cells are regularly distributed. When containing clear cells they are called clear cell ependymoma. Most trisomy 19 ependymomas are supratentorial WHO grade III tumors of the young. Genetically, they are associated with trisomy 19, and frequently with a deletion of 13q21.31-31.2, three copies of 11q13.3-13.4, and/or deletions on chromosome 9. These altered chromosomal regions are indicative of genes and pathways involved in trisomy 19 ependymoma tumorigenesis. Recognition of this genetico-histological entity allows better understanding and dissection of ependymal tumors.
Genes for interleukin 7 are transcribed in leukemic cell subsets of individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Authors: J Frishman, B Long, W Knospe, S Gregory, J Plate
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Regulation of expression of interleukin 7 (IL-7) mRNA is aberrant in the leukemic subset of cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. The entire coding sequence for IL-7 as well as an alternatively spliced IL-7 mRNA are transcribed in these leukemic cells. No IL-7 mRNA expression is detected in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal individuals. Furthermore, the "normal" nonleukemic subsets of cells isolated from the same CLL patients also do not express IL-7 mRNA. The only subset of cells in which IL-7 mRNA is detected is the one that contains the leukemic cells themselves. The polymerase chain reaction was used to examine cytokine expression, and flow cytometry was used to purify the various subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells examined in these studies, as well as to examine IL-7 receptor expression. A proportion of the cells from the CLL patients express receptors that are capable of binding IL-7, whereas T cell-depleted normal cell preparations do not express receptors for IL-7 that are detectable with IL-7 fluorokines. The IL-7 receptor-bearing cells in CLL patients include a portion of leukemic cells and a fraction of the T cells, as well as some non-T, non-B cells. These findings suggest that IL-7 and IL-7 receptor expression in CLL may be relevant not only to growth regulation of the leukemic cells but to the immunological abnormalities that occur in the disease as well, possibly via the induction of inappropriate immune activity of IL-7 receptor-bearing cells.
CNS Metastasis: An Old Problem in a New Guise
Authors: Jeanny B. Aragon-Ching, Jo Anne Zujewski
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

It is estimated that 10% to 30% of patients with solid tumors are diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) metastasis. Common primary sites include lung, breast, melanoma, kidney, and colorectal. Brain metastases are increasing, due to the aging population, detection of subclinical disease, and control of systemic disease. CNS metastases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality affecting survival, neurocognition, speech, coordination, behavior, and quality of life. In pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia event-free survival rates are >80% and the CNS is an important source of extramedullary relapse. CNS metastases are an increasing problem in solid tumors. In this CCR Focus series, four main topics are reviewed: (a) HER-2-positive breast cancer as a paradigm for the problem; (b) model systems for brain metastasis and mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of brain metastasis; (c) the unique physiology of the blood brain barrier; (d) and the evolving role of radiotherapy in CNS disease and strategies to improve the therapeutic index. Areas for future research include the need for an understanding of site-specific metastasis, effective anticancer strategies for sanctuary sites, assays to detect drug accumulation in sanctuary sites, prevention of CNS metastasis, improving the therapeutic ratio of systemic and CNS-directed therapies, behavioral tools for anticipating/measuring long-term neurocognitive defects, and quality of life assessment of the long-term effect of systemic and CNS-directed therapies.
Surface electrocardiogram to predict outcome in candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy: a sub‐analysis of the CARE‐HF trial
Authors: Renaud Gervais, Christophe Leclercq, Aparna Shankar, Sandra Jacobs, Hans Eiskjær, Arne Johannessen, Nick Freemantle, John G.F. Cleland, Luigi Tavazzi, Claude Daubert
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Ethnic and Racial Differences in the Smoking-Related Risk of Lung Cancer
Authors: Christopher A. Haiman, Daniel O. Stram, Lynne R. Wilkens, Malcolm C. Pike, Laurence N. Kolonel, Brian E. Henderson, Loïc Le Marchand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

There is remarkable variation in the incidence of lung cancer among ethnic and racial groups in the United States.We investigated differences in the risk of lung cancer associated with cigarette smoking among 183,813 African-American, Japanese-American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and white men and women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Our analysis included 1979 cases of incident lung cancer identified prospectively over an eight-year period, between baseline (1993 through 1996) and 2001.The risk of lung cancer among ethnic and racial groups was modified by the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Among participants who smoked no more than 30 cigarettes per day, African Americans and Native Hawaiians had significantly greater risks of lung cancer than did the other groups. Among those who smoked no more than 10 and those who smoked 11 to 20 cigarettes per day, relative risks ranged from 0.21 to 0.39 (P<0.001) among Japanese Americans and Latinos and from 0.45 to 0.57 (P<0.001) among whites, as compared with African Americans. However, at levels exceeding 30 cigarettes per day, these differences were not significant. Differences in risk associated with smoking were observed among both men and women and for all histologic types of lung cancer.Among cigarette smokers, African Americans and Native Hawaiians are more susceptible to lung cancer than whites, Japanese Americans, and Latinos.
Prevalence of Abnormal Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate in Hypertensive Patients with Impaired Fasting Glucose and Its Association with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Rafael Marín, Pilar Rodríguez, Salvador Tranche, José Redón, Francisco Morales-Olivas, Alberto Galgo, Miguel ángel Brito, Javier Mediavilla, José Vicente Lozano, Claudia Filozof
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

The prevalence and significance of microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) has received very little attention. A total of 10,320 hypertensive patients who attended primary care centers were enrolled in this study, and the final analysis was done in 7625 patients: 1459 without IFG (plasma glucose <100 mg/dl), 3010 with IFG (plasma glucose > or =100 mg/dl and <126 mg/dl), and 3156 with type 2 diabetes (plasma glucose >126 mg/dl). Microalbuminuria was determined using the Micro Albustix reactive strip from Bayer (high urinary albumin excretion [UAE]: Albumin/creatinine ratio > or =3.4 mg/mmol). The proportion of patients with high UAE was 39.4, 48.3, and 65.6%, respectively, in the three groups (P < 0.01 for the trend). The differences in UAE between the group with IFG and the group with normal fasting glucose persisted after adjustment for age, gender, systolic BP, fasting plasma glucose, and cardiovascular comorbidity (odds ratio 1.74; 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 2.80). Hypertensive patients with IFG and high UAE showed a higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease, cardiac insufficiency, left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, and renal insufficiency than the group with normal UAE. Global prevalence of cardiovascular conditions was 30.4% in the group with high UAE compared with 21.4% in the group with normal UAE (odds ratio 1.60; 95% confidence interval 1.31 to 1.95). It is concluded that almost half of hypertensive patients with IFG have high UAE and a higher prevalence of associated cardiovascular involvement and renal insufficiency.