tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Altered Apoptosis-Related Signaling After Cardioplegic Arrest in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jun Feng, Yuhong Liu, Nikola Dobrilovic, Louis M. Chu, Cesario Bianchi, Arun K. Singh, Frank W. Sellke
Journal: Circulation (2013)

We investigated the effects of cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion (CP/Rep) on myocardial apoptosis and key apoptotic mediators, such as apoptosis-inducing factor, caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, and protein kinase C (PKC), in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic, controlled type 2 diabetic, and nondiabetic patients. Right atrial tissue was harvested pre- and post-CP/Rep from uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients (hemoglobin A1c=9.6 ± 0.25), controlled type 2 diabetic patients (hemoglobin A1c=6.5 ± 0.15), and nondiabetic patients (hemoglobin A1c=5.4 ± 0.12) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (n=8/group). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining was used for the identification of apoptotic cells. Total and modified apoptosis-inducing factor, Bcl-2 family proteins, phospho-PKC-α, phospho-PKC-β1, and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase were quantified by immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry. At baseline, the number of apoptotic cells and expression of total apoptosis-inducing factor, Bcl-2, Bak, and Bax in the pre-CP/Rep atrial tissue from uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients were significantly increased compared with those of nondiabetic or controlled type 2 diabetic patients (P<0.05). After CP/Rep, the amount of apoptotic cells, apoptosis-inducing factor, phospho-Bad, phospho-PKC-α, phospho-PKC-β1, and cleaved poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase in post-CP/Rep atrial tissue were increased in all 3 groups compared with pre-CP/Rep. These increases after CP/Rep were more pronounced in the uncontrolled type 2 diabetic group. In addition, there were significant increases in the expression of cleaved caspase 8 and caspase 9 in the basal and post-CP/Rep atrium of uncontrolled type 2 diabetic group compared with nondiabetic or controlled type 2 diabetic group. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is associated with increases in myocardial apoptosis and expression of key apoptosis mediators at baseline and in the setting of CP/Rep.
In Vivo Tracking of Mesechymal Stem Cells Using Fluorescent Nanoparticles in an Osteochondral Repair Model
Authors: Jong Min Lee, Byung-Soo Kim, Haeshin Lee, Gun-Il Im
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

We devised and tested an in vivo system to monitor the migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the marrow cavity. In vitro studies confirmed that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA had the most potent chemotactic effect of the tested factors, and possessed the greatest number of receptors in MSCs. MSCs were labeled with fluorescent nanoparticles and injected into the marrow cavity of nude rats through osteochondral defects created in the distal femur. The defects were sealed with HCF (heparin-conjugated fibrin) or PDGF-AA-loaded HCF. In the HCF-only group, the nanoparticle-labeled MSCs dispersed outside the marrow cavity within 3 days after injection. In the PDGF-AA-loaded HCF group, the labeled cells moved time-dependently for 14 days toward the osteochondral defect. HCF-PDGF in low dose (LD; 8.5 ng/µl) was more effective than HCF-PDGF in high dose (HD; 17 ng/µl) in recruiting the MSCs to the osteochondral defect. After 21 days, the defects treated with PDGF and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-loaded HCF showed excellent cartilage repair compared with other groups. Further studies confirmed that this in vivo osteochondral MSCs tracking system (IOMTS) worked for other chemoattractants (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and PDGF-BB). IOMTS can provide a useful tool to examine the effect of growth factors or chemokines on endogenous cartilage repair.
Glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan inhibit the depolymerization of β2-microglobulin amyloid fibrils in vitro
Authors: Itaru Yamaguchi, Hironori Suda, Naoki Tsuzuike, Kouichi Seto, Masaharu Seki, Yukiya Yamaguchi, Kazuhiro Hasegawa, Naoki Takahashi, Suguru Yamamoto, Fumitake Gejyo, Hironobu Naiki
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
An estimation of the frequency of precursor cells which generate cytotoxic lymphocytes.
Authors: M A Skinner, J Marbrook
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

The cell-mediated immune response has been generated in vitro with a polyacrylamide culture system which allows the segregation of foci (clones?) of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Using the method of limiting dilutions, the frequency of precursor cells in CBA spleen cells able to generate a cytotoxic response against DBA mastocytoma is estimated at 1 per 1,700 cells.
THE LITERARY SIDE OF A PHYSICIAN'S LIFE —RONALD ROSS AS A POET.
Authors: S. WEIR MITCHELL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

"In Exile, by R. R., 1906, Privately Printed," is the wording on the title page of a little book, whose anonymous author says: "These verses were written in India between the years 1891 and 1899, as a means of relief after the daily labors of a long, scientific research." I am at liberty to say that the author is Ronald Ross, sometime an English army surgeon, and now professor of tropical diseases in the Liverpool University. The story of the years which step by step led to his final and convincing proof of the causal relation of the mosquito to malarial disease, is to be found in his Nobel lecture given at Stockholm. It is a sad account of labor in the terrible heats of India when the sweat from his forehead rusted the screws of his microscope, or when for days the congested eyes of overuse forbade all study.
Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Performance in Human Subjects with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: JOSEPH V. MESSER, HERBERT J. LEVINE, RICHARD J. WAGMAN, RICHARD GORLIN
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Cardiac performance and oxygenation have been studied in resting and exercising subjects with coronary artery disease. Disturbances exist in myocardial function and energetics, characterized by preservation of pressure development, but with impaired systolic ejection and failure to increase mechanical efficiency during exercise. Resultant elevation of myocardial oxygen need by impaired performance undoubtedly aggravates coronary reserve inadequacy during exercise.
Drug resistant tuberculosis in prisons in Azerbaijan: case study
Authors: R Coninx, G E Pfyffer, C Mathieu, D Savina, M Debacker, F Jafarov, I Jabrailov, A Ismailov, F Mirzoev, R de Haller, F Portaels
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To document the existence of drug resistance in a tuberculosis treatment programme that adheres strictly to the DOTS principles (directly observed treatment, short course) and to determine the extent of drug resistance in a prison setting in one of the republics of the former Soviet Union. <b>Design:</b> Case study. <b>Setting:</b> Central Penitentiary Hospital in Baku, the referral centre for tuberculosis patients from all prisons in Azerbaijan. <b>Subjects:</b> Prisoners with tuberculosis: 28 selected patients not responding clinically or bacteriologically to the standard treatment (group 1) and 38 consecutive patients at admission to the programme (group 2). <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Drug resistance of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> strains grown from sputum. <b>Results:</b> All the non-responding patients (group 1) had strains resistant to at least one drug. 25 (89%) of the non-responding patients and nine (24%) of the consecutive patients had <i>M tuberculosis</i> strains resistant to both rifampicin and isoniazid. A further 17 patients in group 2 had strains resistant to one or more first line drugs. <b>Conclusions:</b> Drug resistant <i>M tuberculosis</i> strains are common in prisons in Azerbaijan. Tuberculosis problems tend to be worse in prisons, but prisoners and former prisoners may have an important role in the transmission of tuberculosis, particularly of drug resistant forms, in the community. National programmes to control tuberculosis will have to take into account and address the problems in prisons to ensure their success. <h3>Key messages</h3> Tuberculosis is an important problem in prisons in Azerbaijan Multidrug resistant tuberculosis was common and an important cause of non-response to standard treatment National tuberculosis control programmes must include prisons and take account of drug resistance Unless WHO recommended treatment protocols are followed the problem of multidrug resistant tuberculosis may result in untreatable tuberculosis which will spread to the general community
Integrated control of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
Authors: M Filipak, D N Estervig, C Y Tzen, P Minoo, B J Hoerl, P B Maercklein, M A Zschunke, M Edens, R E Scott
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The physiological control of cellular proliferation and differentiation is an integrated regulatory process. This conclusion is based upon observations using numerous in vivo and in vitro experimental systems of which murine BALB/c 3T3 T mesenchymal stem cells represent an excellent in vitro model. In these cells the coupling of growth arrest and differentiation occurs at a distinct biological state, and this predifferentiation arrest state is distinguishable by a variety of criteria from other restriction points, such as the growth factor deficiency arrest state and the nutrient deficiency arrest state. Most importantly, only cells at this predifferentiation arrest state acquire the potential to differentiate without undergoing DNA synthesis. From this state, differentiation can then occur as a two-step process. Cells first undergo nonterminal differentiation and, second, they terminally differentiate. Nonterminal differentiation is characterized by expression of a completely differentiated adipocyte phenotype with retention of proliferative potential. Thereafter, when nonterminally differentiated cells undergo the terminal event in differentiation, they irreversibly lose their proliferative potential. In this paper, data are reviewed which establish that the integrated control of proliferation and differentiation in 3T3 T mesenchymal stem cells is mediated both at the predifferentiation arrest state and at the state of nonterminal differentiation.
Myocardial interstitial norepinephrine and dihydroxyphenylglycol levels during ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: T Akiyama
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

The aim was to elucidate the relation between norepinephrine (NE) release and intraneuronal NE kinetics in the ischemic region of the in vivo heart.Using dialysis technique in the heart of anesthetized cats, we sampled dialysate from the ischemic region during 120-min coronary occlusion and reperfusion. Dialysate NE and dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) contents were measured as indexes of myocardial interstitial NE and DHPG levels.Within 20 min of occlusion, interstitial NE levels increased while DHPG levels decreased. This NE increase was suppressed by omega-conotoxin GVIA and enhanced by desipramine. These data suggest that axoplasmic NE levels increased by neuronal reuptake following exocytotic release, while intraneuronal DHPG production was suppressed due to the reduced monoamine oxidase activity. After 20 min of occlusion, interstitial NE levels increased markedly, accompanied by increased DHPG levels. This NE increase was suppressed by desipramine. These findings imply that NE mobilization from stored vesicles to axoplasma exceeded outward NE transport through uptake(1) carrier in the amount of NE, and that a substantial increase in axoplasmic NE levels compensated for the reduced monoamine oxidase activity. After reperfusion, interstitial NE levels rapidly decreased while DHPG levels increased further. Both responses in NE and DHPG were suppressed by desipramine, indicating the involvement of recovered neuronal reuptake function.In the ischemic region, intraneuronal DHPG production was affected by alterations in monoamine oxidase activity, NE mobilization from stored vesicles, and carrier-mediated NE transport. The involvement of these factors in intraneuronal NE kinetics varied with the time of occlusion and reperfusion.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor mobilizes bone marrow–derived endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Joan Llevadot, Satoshi Murasawa, Yasuko Kureishi, Shigeki Uchida, Haruchika Masuda, Atsuhiko Kawamoto, Kenneth Walsh, Jeffrey M. Isner, Takayuki Asahara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been isolated from circulating mononuclear cells in peripheral blood and shown to incorporate into foci of neovascularization, consistent with postnatal vasculogenesis. These circulating EPCs are derived from bone marrow and are mobilized endogenously in response to tissue ischemia or exogenously by cytokine stimulation. We show here, using a chemotaxis assay of bone marrow mononuclear cells in vitro and EPC culture assay of peripheral blood from simvastatin-treated animals in vivo, that the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, simvastatin, augments the circulating population of EPCs. Direct evidence that this increased pool of circulating EPCs originates from bone marrow and may enhance neovascularization was demonstrated in simvastatin-treated mice transplanted with bone marrow from transgenic donors expressing beta-galactosidase transcriptionally regulated by the endothelial cell-specific Tie-2 promoter. The role of Akt signaling in mediating effects of statin on EPCs is suggested by the observation that simvastatin rapidly activates Akt protein kinase in EPCs, enhancing proliferative and migratory activities and cell survival. Furthermore, dominant negative Akt overexpression leads to functional blocking of EPC bioactivity. These findings establish that augmented mobilization of bone marrow-derived EPCs through stimulation of the Akt signaling pathway constitutes a novel function for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
PWE-154 The First Evaluation Of The Relationship Between The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire And The Eq-5d Index In Hepatic Encephalopathy Patients Treated With Rifaximin-a
Authors: E Berni, C Bannister, CD Poole, P Conway, K Nanuwa, CJ Currie
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Estimation of health-related utility is a vital component of the evaluation of relative cost effectiveness of healthcare interventions. The correlation between different measures of quality of life and health related utility in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) has not been explored. The aim of this study was to characterise for the first time the relationship between scores for Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ) and health-related utility as measured by the EQ-5D index in patients with HE. <h3>Methods</h3> Data were available from a phase three trial of rifaximin-α in patients with recurrent HE. Corresponding CLDQ and SF-36 scores were recorded at monthly visits. EQ-5D scores were derived using the SF-36 using a recognised mapping technique. Generalised, linear, mixed modelling methods were used to examine for any association in order to allow for repeated measures. <h3>Results</h3> 202 of 299 patients with 920 corresponding observations were included. The average age of the cohort was 57 years and 133 (65.8%) were males with an average baseline MELD score of 13.8. The average time since diagnosis of HE was 25.6 months. Figure 1 illustrates the observed and predicted utility scores derived from CLDQ with an r-squared value of 0.835, indicating a strong relationship. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the first time that a direct association between the EQ-5D index and the CLDQ score has been reported. The r-squared value of this association suggested that liver-related morbidity may explain the majority of differences in health-related utility in these subjects. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> E. Berni Consultant for: Norgine, C. Bannister Consultant for: Norgine;, C. Poole Consultant for: Norgine, P. Conway Employee of: Norgine, K. Nanuwa Employee of: Norgine, C. Currie Consultant for: Norgine.
180 EVEROLIMUS-BASED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN HCV POSITIVE DE NOVO LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: 24-MONTH RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: F. Saliba, H.J. Metselaar, S. Beckebaum, C. Duvoux, M. Navasa, G. Dong, P. Lopez, F. Nevens
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Control of human immunodeficiency virus replication by cytotoxic T lymphocytes targeting subdominant epitopes
Authors: Nicole Frahm, Photini Kiepiela, Sharon Adams, Caitlyn H Linde, Hannah S Hewitt, Kaori Sango, Margaret E Feeney, Marylyn M Addo, Mathias Lichterfeld, Matthew P Lahaie, Eunice Pae, Alysse G Wurcel, Timothy Roach, M Anne St John, Marcus Altfeld, Francesco M Marincola, Corey Moore, Simon Mallal, Mary Carrington, David Heckerman, Todd M Allen, James I Mullins, Bette T Korber, Philip J R Goulder, Bruce D Walker, Christian Brander
Journal: Nature Immunology (2005)
Accuracy of diagnosis of psychosis on general practice computer system.
Authors: I Nazareth, M King, A Haines, L Rangel, S Myers
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Many studies have found that value stocks outperform growth stocks in the U.S. and other international stock markets. Little research has been published that attempts to explain this difference in performance in international markets. The results reported in this article are based on tests of several hypotheses for over 10,000 stock returns in a ten-year period for twenty-one international stock markets. The authors find evidence that investors overreact by driving the prices of value stocks too low. It appears that investors and research analysts tend to assume that past growth rates in earnings per share will continue in the future. Yet evidence shows that extreme past growth rates tend to revert to a normal mean. Consequently, when earnings disappointments are reported, stocks previously considered to be growth stocks tend to produce lower returns than value stocks.
Bioavailability of Cd to food crops in relation to heavy metal content of sludge-amended soil
Authors: Frank T. Bingham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Results of greenhouse and laboratory experiments on factors influencing uptake and accumulation of Cd by economic crops are summarized. Tolerance to Cd is highly crop-specific. For example, 21 different economic crops were grown in pots filled with a calcareous soil treated with increasing amounts of Cd. Yields versus Cd addition rate relations showed yield reductions to occur with Cd sensitive plants (spinach, soybean, curlycress, and lettuce) at addition rates varying from 5 to 15 μg Cd/g soil, whereas tolerant crops (tomato, squash, cabbage, and rice) did not suffer a yield reduction when treated at rates less than 150 μg Cd/g soil. Nutrient solution experiments likewise revealed marked differences in growth of crops. Corn, turnip, beets, bean, and tomato plants grown in solution cultures containing 0.1 μg Cd/ml accumulated different amounts of Cd in leaf tissue depending upon crop species; leaf Cd concentrations ranged from a low of 9 μg Cd/g leaf for beans to 200 μg Cd/g leaf for beets. Large differences also occur with regard to distribution of Cd within the plant. Fruit and seed tissue contain less Cd than leaves. Experiments comparing the toxicity of Cd to Cu, Ni, and Zn in an acid soil ± lime showed Cd to be the most phytotoxic. While interactive effects occur with regard to metal uptake and accumulation by plants, Cd uptake is essentially dependent upon the Cd concentration of the soil. Studies of chemical speciation of Cd in relation to Cd availability indicate that the free Cd2+ concentration correlates better with Cd uptake than Cd total of the soil solution.
Septicaemia after colonoscopy in patients with cirrhosis.
Authors: M Welch, D Durrans
Journal: Gut (1992)

Pathological examination of a radical nephrectomy for papillary renal cell carcinoma showed tumour present within the perinephric fat, with a morphology indicative of iatrogenic tumour cell tracking caused by previous biopsy of the mass. This is a rare complication of percutaneous biopsy, and as this procedure is becoming more common in investigating renal masses, it is important that the professionals are aware of the potential risks posed by renal mass biopsy.
Coping and Adaptation in Pancreatectomized Patients: A Somatopsychic Perspective
Authors: Hermann Lang, Hermann Faller
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

The present study describes various strategies of coping with illness as observed in pancreatectomy patients, a group of patients which has not been investigated before in this field of research. Questionnaire data obtained from a sample of n = 134 were analyzed with regard to sociodemographic (age, sex) and medical characteristics (indication for surgery: chronic pancreatitis vs. pancreatic carcinoma; outcome after surgery: diabetes, hypoglycemia, pain). The relationships between ways of coping and several adaptation criteria were investigated. The question is put up to discussion, if it is possible to clearly separate emotion as a way of coping and emotion as an outcome of coping.
Molecular profiling of chronic myeloid leukemia in eastern India
Authors: Bama C. Mondal, Aditi Bandyopadhyay, Sunipa Majumdar, Ashis Mukhopadhyay, Sarmila Chandra, Utpal Chaudhuri, Prantar Chakrabarti, Shibashish Bhattacharyya, Uma B. Dasgupta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Molecular breakpoint of the BCR-ABL fusion gene has been characterized for 122 chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Out of 122 cases, 33 b2a2, 69 b3a2, 2 e1a2, and 2 e19a2 cases have been detected. Six coexpressed both b2a2 and b3a2 transcripts. All the coexpressing samples had an A>G polymorphism at the putative splice branchpoint in intron 13. The T>C polymorphism in exon 13, reported to be linked to coexpression, was not present in all the coexpressing patients. No correlation of transcript type with platelet count was detected. Those expressing b2a2 transcript were diagnosed at relatively younger age and with higher white blood cell count, in agreement with other reports. However, the correlation was not statistically significant.
Spontaneous Dissecting Intramural Haematoma of the Oesophagus: A Rare Cause of Haematemesis and Dysphagia
Authors: R.C. Spiller, J.V.F. Catto, S.P. Kane
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

Three cases of spontaneous dissecting intramural haematoma of the oesophagus are reported together with a review of the 26 previously reported cases. The characteristic clinical, radiological and endoscopic features are discussed