tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protective Factors Against Suicidal Acts in Major Depression: Reasons for Living
Authors: Kevin M. Malone, Maria A. Oquendo, Gretchen L. Haas, Steven P. Ellis, Shuhua Li, J. John Mann
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

Over 30,000 people a year commit suicide in the United States. Prior attempted suicide and hopelessness are the most powerful clinical predictors of future completed suicide. The authors hypothesized that "reasons for living" might protect or restrain patients with major depression from making a suicide attempt.Inpatients with DSM-III-R major depression were assessed for depression, general psychopathology, suicide history, reasons for living, and hopelessness. Of the 84 patients, 45 had attempted suicide and 39 had not.The depressed patients who had not attempted suicide expressed more feelings of responsibility toward family, more fear of social disapproval, more moral objections to suicide, greater survival and coping skills, and a greater fear of suicide than the depressed patients who had attempted suicide. Scores for hopelessness, subjective depression, and suicidal ideation were significantly higher for the suicide attempters. Reasons for living correlated inversely with the combined score on these measures, considered an indicator of "clinical suicidality." Neither objective severity of depression nor quantity of recent life events differed between the two groups.During a depressive episode, the subjective perception of stressful life events may be more germane to suicidal expression than the objective quantity of such events. A more optimistic perceptual set, despite equivalent objective severity of depression, may modify hopelessness and may protect against suicidal behavior during periods of risk, such as major depression. Assessment of reasons for living should be included in the evaluation of suicidal patients.
Coordinate regulation of tissue macrophage and dendritic cell population dynamics by CSF-1
Authors: Elisa Tagliani, Chao Shi, Patrice Nancy, Chin-Siean Tay, Eric G. Pamer, Adrian Erlebacher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

Tissue macrophages (Mφs) and dendritic cells (DCs) play essential roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity. How these cells are maintained at their characteristic densities in different tissues has remained unclear. Aided by a novel flow cytometric technique for assessing relative rates of blood-borne precursor recruitment, we examined Mφ and DC population dynamics in the pregnant mouse uterus, where rapid tissue growth facilitated a dissection of underlying regulatory mechanisms. We demonstrate how Mφ dynamics, and thus Mφ tissue densities, are locally controlled by CSF-1, a pleiotropic growth factor whose in situ level of activity varied widely between uterine tissue layers. CSF-1 acted in part by inducing Mφ proliferation and in part by stimulating the extravasation of Ly6C(hi) monocytes (Mos) that served as Mφ precursors. Mo recruitment was dependent on the production of CCR2 chemokine receptor ligands by uterine Mφs in response to CSF-1. Unexpectedly, a parallel CSF-1-regulated, but CCR2-independent pathway influenced uterine DC tissue densities by controlling local pre-DC extravasation rates. Together, these data provide cellular and molecular insight into the regulation of Mφ tissue densities under noninflammatory conditions and reveal a central role for CSF-1 in the coordination of Mφ and DC homeostasis.
Building an even better conceptual foundation
Authors: Tatsuya Kameda, Reid Hastie
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Krueger &amp; Funder (K&amp;F) spend too much time on their critique of some classic studies in social psychology. They should have spent more time developing their constructive ideas about better methodologies and, especially, better conceptual foundations for the field. We endorse their exhortation to consider social behavior in its ecologically adaptive context, and we present a few ideas of our own about how to develop a more comprehensive conceptual framework.
Antitumor Immunity Can Be Uncoupled from Autoimmunity following Heat Shock Protein 70–Mediated Inflammatory Killing of Normal Pancreas
Authors: Timothy Kottke, Jose Pulido, Jill Thompson, Luis Sanchez-Perez, Heung Chong, Stuart K. Calderwood, Peter Selby, Kevin Harrington, Scott E. Strome, Alan Melcher, Richard G. Vile
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract We have a long-term interest in the connectivity between autoimmunity and tumor rejection. However, outside of the melanocyte/melanoma paradigm, little is known about whether autoimmune responses to normal tissue can induce rejection of tumors of the same histologic type. Here, we induced direct, pathogen-like cytotoxicity to the normal pancreas in association with the immune adjuvant heat shock protein 70. In sharp contrast to our studies with a similar approach for the treatment of prostate cancer, inflammatory killing of the normal pancreas induced a Th1-like, anti-self-response to pancreatic antigens, which was rapidly suppressed by a concomitant suppressive regulatory T cell (Treg) response. Interestingly, even when Treg cells were depleted, the Th1-like response was insufficient to induce significant ongoing autoimmunity. However, the Th1-like response to antigens expressed in the pancreas at the time of damage was sufficient to induce rejection of tumors expressing either a foreign (ova) antigen or fully syngeneic tumor antigens (on Panc02 tumor cells), provided that Treg were depleted before inflammatory killing of the normal pancreas. Taken together, these data indicate that profound differences exist between the immunoprotective mechanisms in place between different tissues (pancreas and prostate) in their response to pathogen-like damage. Moreover, they also show that, although multiple layers of immunologic safeguards are in place to prevent the development of severe autoimmune consequences in the pancreas (in contrast to the prostate), tumor rejection responses can still be decoupled from pathologic autoimmune responses in vivo, which may provide novel insights into the immunotherapeutic treatment of pancreatic cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(19):7767–74]
Resistant Starch May Reduce Colon Cancer Risk From Red Meat
Authors: Judy Peres
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

Adiet high in red meat increases risk of colon cancer.But eating resistant starch-a carbohydrate that acts like fiber-may reduce that risk, according to a study in August's Cancer Prevention Research."Red meat and resistant starch have opposite effects on the colorectal cancerpromoting microRNAs," said first author Karen Humphreys, Ph.D., a research associate at the Flinders Centre for Innovation in
Morphometry of Individual Cerebellar Lobules in Schizophrenia
Authors: Russell T. Loeber, Christina M.B. Cintron, Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

Previous imaging studies have described focal cortical changes in schizophrenia, with predominant findings of abnormalities in the temporal and frontal regions. The current study hypothesized that cerebellar regions involved in feedback and feed-forward loops with cortical regions affected in schizophrenia would also demonstrate structural changes.Using magnetic resonance imaging, the authors measured the volume of individual cerebellar lobules in 19 patients with schizophrenia and 19 healthy comparison subjects.The inferior vermis was significantly smaller in the schizophrenic group than in the comparison group. Patients with schizophrenia also demonstrated a significantly smaller cerebellar asymmetry than the comparison subjects.The authors hypothesize that these morphometric changes may be developmental in origin and possibly related to cortical abnormalities.
Increasing Cardiac Contractility After Myocardial Infarction Exacerbates Cardiac Injury and Pump Dysfunction
Authors: Hongyu Zhang, Xiongwen Chen, Erhe Gao, Scott M. MacDonnell, Wei Wang, Mikhail Kolpakov, Hiroyuki Nakayama, Xiaoying Zhang, Naser Jaleel, David M. Harris, Yingxin Li, Mingxin Tang, Remus Berretta, Annarosa Leri, Jan Kajstura, Abdelkarim Sabri, Walter J. Koch, Jeffery D. Molkentin, Steven R. Houser
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to heart failure (HF) and premature death. The respective roles of myocyte death and depressed myocyte contractility in the induction of HF after MI have not been clearly defined and are the focus of this study.We developed a mouse model in which we could prevent depressed myocyte contractility after MI and used it to test the idea that preventing depression of myocyte Ca(2+)-handling defects could avert post-MI cardiac pump dysfunction.MI was produced in mice with inducible, cardiac-specific expression of the β2a subunit of the L-type Ca(2+) channel. Myocyte and cardiac function were compared in control and β2a animals before and after MI. β2a myocytes had increased Ca(2+) current; sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) load, contraction and Ca(2+) transients (versus controls), and β2a hearts had increased performance before MI. After MI, cardiac function decreased. However, ventricular dilation, myocyte hypertrophy and death, and depressed cardiac pump function were greater in β2a versus control hearts after MI. β2a animals also had poorer survival after MI. Myocytes isolated from β2a hearts after MI did not develop depressed Ca(2+) handling, and Ca(2+) current, contractions, and Ca(2+) transients were still above control levels (before MI).Maintaining myocyte contractility after MI, by increasing Ca(2+) influx, depresses rather than improves cardiac pump function after MI by reducing myocyte number.
Functional memory requires a quite different value metaphor
Authors: Norman H. Anderson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The function of memory is to allow past experience to subserve present goal-oriented thought and action. The defining characteristic of goal-oriented approach/avoidance is value. Value lies beyond the reproductive conception of memory that is basic to both metaphors discussed in Koriat &amp; Goldsmith's target article. Functional memory requires a quite different metaphor, for which a grounded theory is available.
Prognostic value of the trichorhinophalangeal syndrome-1 (TRPS-1), a GATA family transcription factor, in early-stage breast cancer
Authors: J.Q. Chen, Y. Bao, J. Lee, J.L. Murray, J.K. Litton, L. Xiao, R. Zhou, Y. Wu, X.Y. Shen, H. Zhang, A.A. Sahin, R.L. Katz, M.L. Bondy, N.L. Berinstein, G.N. Hortobagyi, L.G. Radvanyi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Temoporfin improves efficacy of photodynamic therapy in advanced biliary tract carcinoma: A multicenter prospective phase II study
Authors: Andrej Wagner, Ulrike W. Denzer, Daniel Neureiter, Tobias Kiesslich, Andreas Puespoeck, Erik A.J. Rauws, Klaus Emmanuel, Nora Degenhardt, Ulrich Frick, Ulrich Beuers, Ansgar W. Lohse, Frieder Berr, Gernot W. Wolkersdörfer
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Photodynamic therapy using porfimer (P‐PDT) improves palliation and survival in nonresectable hilar bile duct cancer. Tumoricidal penetration depth of temoporfin‐PDT (T‐PDT) is twice that of P‐PDT. In a single‐arm phase II study we investigated the safety, efficacy, survival time, and adverse events of T‐PDT compared with previous data on P‐PDT. Twenty‐nine patients (median 71 [range 47‐88] years) with nonresectable hilar bile duct cancer were treated with T‐PDT (median 1 [range 1‐4] sessions) plus stenting and followed up every 3 months. The PDT was well tolerated. In patients with occluded segments at baseline (n = 28) a reopening of a median of 3 (range 1‐7) segments could be achieved: n = 16 local response and n = 11 stable local disease, one progressive disease. Cholestasis and performance significantly improved when impaired at baseline. Time to local tumor progression was a median of 6.5 (2.7‐41.0) months. Overall survival time was a median of 15.4 (range 4.4‐62.4) months. Patients died from tumor progression (55%), cholangitis (18%), pneumonia (7%), hemobilia (7%), esophagus variceal hemorrhage (3%), and vascular diseases (10%). Adverse events were cholangitis (n = 4), liver abscess (n = 2), cholecystitis (n = 2), phototoxic skin (n = 5), and injection site reactions (n = 7). Compared to previous P‐PDT, T‐PDT shows prolonged time to local tumor progression (median 6.5 versus 4.3 months, P &lt; 0.01), fewer PDT treatments needed (median 1 versus 3, P &lt; 0.01), a higher 6‐month survival rate (83% versus 70%, P &lt; 0.01), and a trend for longer overall median survival (15.4 versus 9.3 months, P = 0.72) yet not significantly different. The risk of adverse events is not increased except for (avoidable) subcutaneous phototoxicity at the injection site. Conclusion: Temoporfin‐PDT can safely be delivered to hilar bile duct cancer patients and results in prolonged patency of hilar bile ducts, a trend for longer survival time, and similar palliation as with P‐PDT. (H epatology 2015;62:1456–1465)
Massage--the scientific basis of an ancient art: Part 1. The techniques.
Authors: G C Goats
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1994)

Manual massage is a long established and effective therapy used for the relief of pain, swelling, muscle spasm and restricted movement. Latterly, various mechanical methods have appeared to complement the traditional manual techniques. Both manual and mechanical techniques are described systematically, together with a review of indications for use in sports medicine.
Comparison of Local Recurrence With Conventional and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Primary Soft-Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremity
Authors: Michael R. Folkert, Samuel Singer, Murray F. Brennan, Deborah Kuk, Li-Xuan Qin, Wendy K. Kobayashi, Aimee M. Crago, Kaled M. Alektiar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose The use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremity is increasing, but no large-scale direct comparison has been reported between conventional external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and IMRT. Methods Between January 1996 and December 2010, 319 consecutive adult patients with primary nonmetastatic extremity STS were treated with limb-sparing surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) at a single institution. Conventional EBRT was used in 154 patients and IMRT in 165 with similar dosing schedules. Median follow-up time for the cohort was 58 months. Results Treatment groups were comparable in terms of tumor location, histology, tumor size, depth, and use of chemotherapy. Patients treated with IMRT were older (P = .08), had more high-grade lesions (P = .05), close (&lt; 1 mm) or positive margins (P = .04), preoperative radiation (P &lt; .001), and nerve manipulation (P = .04). Median follow-up was 90 months for patients treated with conventional EBRT and 42 months for patients treated with IMRT. On multivariable analysis adjusting for patient age and tumor size, IMRT retained significance as an independent predictor of reduced LR (hazard ratio = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.89; P = .02). Conclusion Despite a preponderance of higher-risk features (especially close/positive margin) in the IMRT group, IMRT was associated with significantly reduced local recurrence compared with conventional EBRT for primary STS of the extremity.
Circulating glioma biomarkers
Authors: J. M. Kros, D. M. Mustafa, L. J. M. Dekker, P. A. E. Sillevis Smitt, T. M. Luider, P.-P. Zheng
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Validated biomarkers for patients suffering from gliomas are urgently needed for standardizing measurements of the effects of treatment in daily clinical practice and trials. Circulating body fluids offer easily accessible sources for such markers. This review highlights various categories of tumor-associated circulating biomarkers identified in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of glioma patients, including circulating tumor cells, exosomes, nucleic acids, proteins, and oncometabolites. The validation and potential clinical utility of these biomarkers is briefly discussed. Although many candidate circulating protein biomarkers were reported, none of these have reached the required validation to be introduced for clinical practice. Recent developments in tracing circulating tumor cells and their derivatives as exosomes and circulating nuclear acids may become more successful in providing useful biomarkers. It is to be expected that current technical developments will contribute to the finding and validation of circulating biomarkers.
Genome-wide Association Study Identifies <i>BICD1</i> as a Susceptibility Gene for Emphysema
Authors: Xiangyang Kong, Michael H. Cho, Wayne Anderson, Harvey O. Coxson, Nestor Muller, George Washko, Eric A. Hoffman, Per Bakke, Amund Gulsvik, David A. Lomas, Edwin K. Silverman, Sreekumar G. Pillai
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airflow limitation, is a disorder with high phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Pulmonary emphysema is a major but variable component of COPD; familial data suggest that different components of COPD, such as emphysema, may be influenced by specific genetic factors.
Cloning of a virulence factor of Entamoeba histolytica. Pathogenic strains possess a unique cysteine proteinase gene.
Authors: S Reed, J Bouvier, A S Pollack, J C Engel, M Brown, K Hirata, X Que, A Eakin, P Hagblom, F Gillin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Cysteine proteinases are hypothesized to be important virulence factors of Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amebic dysentery and liver abscesses. The release of a histolytic cysteine proteinase from E. histolytica correlates with the pathogenicity of both axenic strains and recent clinical isolates as determined by clinical history of invasive disease, zymodeme analysis, and cytopathic effect. We now show that pathogenic isolates have a unique cysteine proteinase gene (ACP1). Two other cysteine proteinase genes (ACP2, ACP3) are 85% identical to each other and are present in both pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates. ACP1 is only 35 and 45% identical in sequence to the two genes found in all isolates and is present on a distinct chromosome-size DNA fragment. Presence of the ACP1 gene correlates with increased proteinase expression and activity in pathogenic isolates as well as cytopathic effect on a fibroblast monolayer, an in vitro assay of virulence. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence of the ACP1 proteinase gene reveals homology with cysteine proteinases released by activated macrophages and invasive cancer cells, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of tissue invasion. The observation that a histolytic cysteine proteinase gene is present only in pathogenic isolates of E. histolytica suggests that this aspect of virulence in amebiasis is genetically predetermined.
A randomized double-blind trial of acarbose in type 2 diabetes shows improved glycemic control over 3 years (U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 44)
Authors: R R Holman, C A Cull, R C Turner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree to which alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, with their unique mode of action primarily reducing postprandial hyperglycemia, offer an additional therapeutic approach in the long-term treatment of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 1,946 patients (63% men) who were previously enrolled in the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). The patients were randomized to acarbose (n = 973), titrating to a maximum dose of 100 mg three times per day, or to matching placebo (n = 973). Mean +/- SD age was 59 +/- 9 years, body weight 84 +/- 17 kg, diabetes duration 7.6 +/- 2.9 years, median (interquartile range) HbA1c 7.9% (6.7-9.5), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 8.7 mmol/l (6.8-11.1). Fourteen percent of patients were treated with diet alone, 52% with monotherapy, and 34% with combined therapy. Patients were monitored in UKPDS clinics every 4 months for 3 years. The main outcome measures were HbA1c, FPG, body weight, compliance with study medication, incidence of side effects, and frequency of major clinical events. RESULTS: At 3 years, a lower proportion of patients were taking acarbose compared with placebo (39 vs. 58%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), the main reasons for noncompliance being flatulence (30 vs. 12%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and diarrhea (16 vs. 8%, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Analysis by intention to treat showed that patients allocated to acarbose, compared with placebo, had 0.2% significantly lower median HbA1c at 3 years (P &amp;lt; 0.001). In patients remaining on their allocated therapy, the HbA1c difference at 3 years (309 acarbose, 470 placebo) was 0.5% lower median HbA1c (8.1 vs. 8.6%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Acarbose appeared to be equally efficacious when given in addition to diet alone; in addition to monotherapy with a sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin; or in combination with more complex treatment regimens. No significant differences were seen in FPG, body weight, incidence of hypoglycemia, or frequency of major clinical events. CONCLUSIONS: Acarbose significantly improved glycemic control over 3 years in patients with established type 2 diabetes, irrespective of concomitant therapy for diabetes. Careful titration of acarbose is needed in view of the increased noncompliance rate seen secondary to the known side effects.
Differential susceptibility of neonatal and adult murine spleen cells to in vitro induction of B-cell tolerance.
Authors: John C. Cambier, John R. Kettman, Ellen S. Vitetta, Jonathan W. Uhr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

The relative susceptibility of neonatal and adult murine splenocytes to induction of B-cell tolerance was studied in vitro. Adult cells required approximately 1,000-fold more trinitrophenyl-human gamma globulin to be rendered tolerant than did cells from 9- to 12-day-old neonates. The potential effects of suppressor T cells were excluded by pretreating the cultured B cells with anti-Thy-1 and C' and the helper T cells with anti-Ly-2.2 and C'. The possible role of cell surface immunoglobulin isotypes in contributing to this observed difference is discussed.
Active Transport of Potassium Ion in Heart Mitochondria
Authors: BRIAN SAFER, ARNOLD SCHWARTZ
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Several factors affecting K + transport by rabbit heart mitochondria were examined, using a K + -sensitive electrode. The histone fractions f 2 a and β-7 produced an energy-dependent efflux of K + . Inorganic phosphate was required for optimal activity; K m for phosphate was 60 µ M . Both rate and extent of K + efflux decreased as K + concentration in the reaction medium was increased. The direction of valinomycin-induced K + movements was shown to depend on the net resultant of an active transport mechanism and increased membrane permeability. The detergent triton X-100 produced a nonspecific increase in membrane permeability that led to a rapid efflux of K + . Evidence is presented for competition between ion transport and ATP formation for some common energy intermediate. Possible mechanisms of action of histones and other agents affecting heart mitochondrial K + transport are considered.