tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emerging evidence for the role of cardiotrophin-1 in cardiac repair in the infarcted heart
Authors: D FREED, R CUNNINGTON, A DANGERFIELD, J SUTTON, I DIXON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, i.e., the hypersecretory, muscular, and contractile fibroblastic phenotype variant, play an important role in myocardial healing and are responsible for accumulation of collagen in the infarct scar as well as in viable myocardium. Thus, cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts directly contribute to cardiac stiffness, altered performance, and ultimately to the onset of systolic and diastolic heart failure. Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a member of the IL-6 superfamily and is elevated in the serum of patients with ischemic heart disease and valvular heart disease; it is also known to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro.
The Road to Diagnostic Certainty-Reply
Authors: Horton A. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Decision analysis is indeed a useful aid in determining the test-treatment threshold, often providing insights that are not obvious from intuitive judgment alone. Still, the ultimate decision as to whether or not to obtain another diagnostic test before starting treatment will usually require additional non-numerical clinical judgment that can only be supplied by the physician. Having reached a calculated "treatment threshold probability" based on clinical outcome (increased longevity), additional testing may be appropriate because of patient demands, the fear of malpractice liability, or other factors not directly related to clinical outcome. These will have to be taken into account by the physician, often at an intuitive level. I do not think that the thoughtful physician can be replaced by a computer... yet.
Identification of ultra low-risk patients following primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Theodore Schreiber, Dominic Marsalese, John Griffin, Bryan Donohue, A. Sampaolesi, Constantino Constantini, Gregg Stone, Denise E. Jones, Debra Sachs, Denise Mason, Thomas Wharton, Donald Rothbaum, Bruce Brodie, William W. O'Neill, Cindy L. Grines
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Toll-Like receptor 4 mediates inflammatory signaling by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Yong-Han Paik, Robert F. Schwabe, Ramón Bataller, Maria P. Russo, Christian Jobin, David A. Brenner
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates Kupffer cells and participates in the pathogenesis of alcohol–induced liver injury. However, it is unknown whether LPS directly affects hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the main fibrogenic cell type in the injured liver. This study characterizes LPS–induced signal transduction and proinflammatory gene expression in activated human HSCs. Culture–activated HSCs and HSCs isolated from patients with hepatitis C virus–induced cirrhosis express LPS–associated signaling molecules, including CD14, toll–like receptor (TLR) 4, and MD2. Stimulation of culture–activated HSCs with LPS results in a rapid and marked activation of NF–κB, as assessed by in vitro kinase assays for IκB kinase (IKK), IκBα steady–state levels, p65 nuclear translocation, NF–κB–dependent luciferase reporter gene assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Lipid A induces NF–κB activation in a similar manner. Both LPS– and lipid A–induced NF–κB activation is blocked by preincubation with either anti–TLR4 blocking antibody (HTA125) or Polymyxin B. Lipid A induces NF–κB activation in HSCs from TLR4–sufficient (C3H/OuJ) mice but not from TLR4–deficient (C3H/HeJ) mice. LPS also activates c–Jun N–terminal kinase (JNK), as assessed by in vitro kinase assays. LPS up–regulates IL–8 and MCP–1 gene expression and secretion. LPS–induced IL–8 secretion is completely inhibited by the IκB super repressor (Ad5IκB) and partially inhibited by a specific JNK inhibitor, SP600125. LPS also up–regulates cell surface expression of ICAM–1 and VCAM–1. In conclusion, human activated HSCs utilize components of TLR4 signal transduction cascade to stimulate NF–κB and JNK and up–regulate chemokines and adhesion molecules. Thus, HSCs are a potential mediator of LPS–induced liver injury.
Formalin in the Treatment and Removal of Inoperable Malignant Growths
Authors: W. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1899)

ANTITOXINS IN TRAUMATIC TETANUS.[MWIB.LJIRNAL 337 having been tied in the patient was sent back to bed.About four hours later it was found by the house-surgeon that bleeding had recommenced and that the hypogastric swelling was already again in evidence.Second Operation.-Iwas sent for, and on arrival an hour later deter- mined that the right line of treatment would be to open the bladder in the suprapubic region.This revealed a mass of blood clot within the viscus, which was speedily scooped out with the aid of a spoon.Search was then made for a bleeding area, but as the blood welled up from the position of the trigone, and rendered a clear view impossible, pressure was exerted on the abdominal aorta which effectually controlled the loss.Even then no place from which blood had actually flowed could be seen.No papilloma, or remnaants of one, nor any other growth could be dis- covered, though it is possible that in the manipulations employed in the removal of the blood clot some villous mass may have been dragged off.Removal of the fingers from the aorta immediately caused a r9newal of the hnmorrhage, the blood, as has been said, welling up from about the internal meatus.Water at a temperature of 1200 F. was then run through
The Relationship between Microalbuminuria and Isolated Coronary Artery Ectasia
Authors: Mustafa Yolcu, Serdar Türkmen, Alper Sertçelik, Emrah İpek, Fatih Rıfat Ulusoy, Erkan Yıldırım, Barbaros Dokumacı, Talant Batyraliev
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
STUDIES ON THE OXIDATION-REDUCTION OF HEMOGLOBIN AND METHEMOGLOBIN
Authors: James M. Neill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Hemoglobin is oxidized to methemoglobin by products formed during the oxidation of a number of different substances. With some of these substances, both oxygen consumption and hemoglobin oxidation are accelerated by thermolabile constituents of pneumococci; with others of the easily oxidized substances, neither reaction seems to be influenced by the presence of the bacterial substances. The same substances which in the presence of air induce the oxidation of hemoglobin bring about the reverse reaction if molecular oxygen is excluded.
The role of imaging techniques in clinical decision making for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gin-Ho Lo
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

I read with interest the article regarding the role of imaging techniques in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by Bruix et al. published in HEPATOLOGY.1 In this special article, the investigators made an updated, comprehensive review on the pivotal role of imaging techniques in the management of HCC. This article is very helpful for clinical hepatologists to tackle problems that are frequently encountered when facing various stages of HCC. However, several points may be misleading and need clarification. As we know, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used in the Asia-Pacific region to diagnose and follow-up HCC.2 This tumor marker is neglected by the investigators simply because of inadequate sensitivity. On the other hand, immunohistochemical staining for glypican 3, heat shock protein 70, glutamine synthase, and clathrin heavy chain, with doubtful value, and unfamiliar to most hepatologists, are believed by the investigators to be able to reinforce the diagnosis of HCC. This policy appears to be impractical. As stated in the article, there is risk of overestimation of the necrosis extent by imaging studies. Some patients classified as complete response have residual disease at the time of explant, if resected or transplanted. If patients have an elevated serum AFP before treatment, serum AFP is not likely to return to normal if residual cancers persist. By the supplement of serum AFP, the risk of overestimation could definitely be further reduced. Regarding the treatment interval of chemoembolization, the investigators suggested two treatment sessions at baseline, then repeated every 6 months. Follow-up monitoring beyond 1 month of therapy by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was also suggested. If viable tumors are noted by imaging studies, another session of chemoembolization would be delayed until at the interval of 6 months. This would definitely elicit anxiety for HCC patients with large or multiple tumors. Enlarged lymph nodes could evoke confusion in the staging of HCC. Indeed, the presence of slightly enlarged lymph nodes can be observed in cirrhosis of any etiology. Neither image can clearly recognize or exclude the presence of cancers. Hence, the investigators suggested that only lymph nodes greater than 2 cm could be declared as malignant involvement. This appears to be arbitrary, rather than evidence based. In my personal experience, malignant involvement of lymph nodes could be as small as 1 cm. In contrast, an individual with HCC and portal vein involvement and an abdominal lymph node up to 3 cm without cancer cells has also been encountered. Thus, assessment of malignant involvement cannot be simply based on the size of the lymph node. More studies are required to clarify this issue. Gin-Ho Lo M.D.*, * Department of Medical Education, Digestive Center, E-DA Hospital, Department of Medical Nutrition, I-SHOU University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
The 5-Minute Urology Consult
Authors: Paul H. Lange
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The bacteriological ecosystem of the skin of children in an African tropical environment (Tanzania)
Authors: HERBERT NSANZUMUHIRE, AARON JOHN E. MASAWE, FREDERICK S. MHALU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Using a standardized method for sampling, the aerobic microbial flora of the skin of ninety-five children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was studied qualitatively and quantitatively. The subjects comprised three groups; group A, thirty-seven normal infants (below the age of 1 year); group B, twenty-nine infants with various bacterial skin lesions; and group C, twenty-nine nursery school children between 4-5 and 7 years. The following observations were made: (I) The quantitative results indicated; (a) great variation between individuals, which was more marked among the females; (b) lower bacterial counts in infants than in older children; (c) counts were not affected by the presence of infection or state of cleanliness; (d) there were some differences between females and males and between different ethnic groups. (2) Qualitatively, the types of organisms isolated were similar to those reported elsewhere. There were differences in carrier rates of many organisms but these were most striking with Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. albus. It is concluded that there are great differences in carrier rates between persons in a tropical African environment and those studied elsewhere. These difference may be due to environmental, geographical or ethnic factors. Such observations call for more studies in this area to establish the normal flora.
GPs challenge London PCTs as practice contracts go to private companies
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Two groups of GPs have written to two primary care trusts (PCTs) in London expressing concern about the potential effect on the quality of care after a second contract to run a general practice has been awarded to a private company rather than to local GPs.

Camden Primary Care Trust announced in late January that it had awarded the tender to run three GP surgeries—King’s Cross Road Practice, Camden Road Practice, and Brunswick Medical Centre—to UnitedHealth Primary Care ( BMJ 2008;336:295, 9 Feb doi: 10.1136/bmj.39481.889155.C2).

Four local GPs who bid for Brunswick Medical Centre, which they had been managing successfully for the previous six months, have written to Camden PCT expressing their concern that “patient care will suffer.” They believe that the decision was based “purely on cost, as opposed to quality.”

Previously, another London PCT, Tower Hamlets, awarded a tender to run St Paul’s Way Medical Centre to Atos Origin, an international information technology services company. Again, local GPs who had bid to run the practice were unsuccessful.

Tower Hamlets Local Medical Committee (LMC), which represents practices in the area, wrote to the PCT outlining its “loss of confidence in the PCT’s commitment to providing good quality primary care.” It said, “The LMC is concerned that factors such as continuity of care and the doctor-patient relationship will ultimately have to be sidelined in order to meet the financial targets put forward by Atos Origin.”

The GPs bidding for the Brunswick Centre practice said that their bid had initially been approved by Camden PCT as “affordable” and was judged to be of higher quality in some areas than the bid from UnitedHealth. Camden PCT scored the group of GPs higher than UnitedHealth in clinical areas, with 468/550 points (85%) for core services and 37/50 points (74%) for clinical governance. UnitedHealth …
TCT-671 Assessment of the Geometric Interaction Between the Lotus Transcatheter Aortic Valve Prosthesis and the Native Aortoventricular Interface by 320-Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: Robert Gooley, James Cameron, Paul Antonis, Siobhan Lockwood, Ian T. Meredith
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Predictive Value of Contact Investigation for Identifying Recent Transmission of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Authors: MARCEL A. BEHR, PHILIP C. HOPEWELL, E. ANTONIO PAZ, L. MASAE KAWAMURA, GISELA F. SCHECTER, PETER M. SMALL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Contact tracing, the evaluation of persons who have been in contact with patients having tuberculosis, is an important component of tuberculosis control. We used DNA fingerprinting to test the assumption that tuberculosis in contacts to active cases represents transmission from that person. Cases of tuberculosis in San Francisco between 1991 and 1996 with positive cultures who had been previously identified as contacts ("contact cases") to active cases ("index cases") were studied. Of 11,211 contacts evaluated, there were 66 pairs of culture-positive index and contact cases. DNA fingerprints were available for both members of these pairs in 54 instances (82%). The index and contact cases were infected with the same strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 38 instances (70%; 95% CI: 56 to 82%); 16 pairs (30%) were infected with unrelated strains. Unrelated infections were more common among foreign-born (risk ratio [RR] = 5.22, p < 0.001), particularly Asian (RR = 3.89, p = 0.002) contacts. Contact investigation is an imperfect method for detecting transmission of M. tuberculosis, particularly in foreign-born persons. However, because such investigations target a group with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and tuberculous infection, these efforts remain an important activity in the control of tuberculosis.
P237Targeted adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector for efficient gene transfer into endothelial cells in vivo
Authors: KH Varadi, HA Katus, OJ Mueller
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: Gene therapy approaches targeting vascular diseases require an efficient and specific gene transfer to the vascular wall. Previously applied vector systems fail to cover these requirements and induce strong host immune responses. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors enable long-term gene transfer into the myocardium. However, they fail to efficiently transduce endothelial cells. We therefore sought out to develop a targeted AAV vector by modification of the capsid surface and use of a vascular promoter. Methods: In order to restrict transgene expression to endothelium, we used the murine vascular cadherin-5 (mveCad-5) core promoter. For augmentation of expression levels, we generated additionally a chimeric promoter by fusing a CMV-enhancer (CMVenh) to mveCad-5. The constructs were tested in vitro to identify the most efficient promoter for further in vivo studies. For in vivo gene transfer, we compared naturally occurring AAV serotypes 8 and 9 to an AAV9 variant obtained by in vitro selection of a random AAV peptide display library. Vectors carrying a gene encoding the Cre recombinase under control of the CMV or CMVenh-mveCad5 promoters, respectively, were injected intravenously into adult ROSAmT/mG ("Tomato")-mice. The mouse model harbors a cell membrane-targeted, two-color fluorescent Cre-responsive reporter allele enabling expression of green fluorescence in Cre recombinase positive cells. After 3 weeks mice were sacrificed and representative tissues were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy for detection of green fluorescent cells. Results: Our in vitro study showed that replacement of CMV by the mveCad-5 promoter restricted transgene expression to endothelial cells but overall expression was lower than that obtained with the CMV promoter. The CMVenh-mveCad5 promoter instead, resulted in high expression levels in endothelial cells with lower expression in other cells. While AAV8 and AAV9 failed to enable gene expression in endothelial cells in vivo, the peptide-targeted AAV9 vector enabled a highly efficient recombination in endothelial cells of the aorta. While both the CMV and CMVenh-mveCad5 promoter resulted in efficient EGFP expression in the aortic endothelium, unspecific extravascular expression was higher with the CMV-promoter. Conclusion: Taken together, we could show that a targeted AAV-vector can be used for efficient gene transfer into endothelial cells of the aorta in vivo. Besides its use for validation of potentially therapeutic targets for vascular diseases this vector may also be suitable for conditionally knocking out genes in the vascular system.
The Teaching Nursing Home: A Golden Annex to the Ivory Tower
Authors: Don Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In a recent issue ofThe Journal, Schneider and colleagues 1 detail a remarkable increase, during the 1980s, in the number of teaching nursing homes. Additionally, they examine the reasons for this proliferation and speculate on future developments.  I find their report encouraging, having not long ago participated in the planning and placement of a nursing home within the walls of a teaching hospital. At the time of that endeavor, I was astonished by the passion with which some educators and many trainees argued against it. Their reservations fell into two categories: (1) doubts about the feasibility of conducting high-quality research in the nursing home setting and (2) the perception that caring for nursing home residents contributes little to the educational process.  Schneider et al 1 report that the majority of teaching nursing homes today have active research programs, examining dementia, infectious diseases, and other geriatric issues. Scientific investigation is
Managing motion sickness
Authors: L. Murdin, J. Golding, A. Bronstein
Journal: BMJ (2011)

#### Summary points

Motion sickness is a syndrome of nausea and vomiting, pallor, sweating, headache, dizziness, malaise, increased salivation, apathy, drowsiness, belching, hyperventilation, and stomach awareness. Symptoms can be provoked by externally imposed motion, or implied self motion from a moving visual field, such as in a cinema. The condition has been recognised from the early days of sea travel and the word for sickness, “nausea,” derives from the Greek word νανς, meaning “ship.”

Travel by car, train, or other transport is part of everyday life for most people, and motion sickness is a common problem. Estimating its prevalence is complex because reported symptoms depend on variables such as previous avoidance and exposure, as well as presumed inherent susceptibility. Some estimates are presented in table 1⇓. Motion sickness may have an important effect on occupational activity for some people, such as airline pilots, those in the armed forces, and emergency services staff. General practitioners may frequently encounter patients who report difficulties in work or daily life related to motion sickness, or those seeking advice about prevention before a forthcoming journey. We review the management …
Triple Negative Breast Cancer Has a Worse Prognosis within 3 Years after Treatment Compared to Non-Triple Negative Breast Cancer.
Authors: Y. Lee, S. Kwon, B. Ko, J. Seo, J. Lee, H. Kim, W. Lim, S. Ahn, B. Son
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract BackgroundTriple negative breast cancers (TNBC) become known as poor prognosis generally. Our purpose was to compare the clinical features and outcomes for TNBC with other subtypes of breast cancers in Korea.MethodsWe included 2,907 patients who diagnosed breast cancer and treated at Asan Medical Center from 2003 to 2005. Clinical and pathologic parameters, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients with TNBC and non-TNBC. All features were reviewed throughout medical records retrospectively.Results622 patients (21.4%) had TNBC. TNBC patients was associated with younger age, larger size, positive nodal involvement, overweight, family history, elevation of CaAg15-3, high tumor grade, positive p53 compared non-TNBC. The patients were followed for a median of 54 months (range 1-76 months). Relapse-free survival was 86.3% and 92.6% for TNBC and non-TNBC, respectively, with significant difference (P&amp;lt;0.0001). Overall survival was also 88.9% and 96.1% for TNBC and non-TNBC (P&amp;lt;0.0001). Compared with non-TNBC patients, TNBC had an increased likelihood of recurrence and death within 3 years after diagnosis but not thereafter. In non-TNBC, the recurrence risk and death risk seemed to be relatively constant. In univariate analysis for worse prognostic factors of TNBC associated with DFS and OS revealed that statistically significant in large tumor size, nodal status, CA15-3, Lymphovascular invasion. In multivariate analysis, nodal status was a prognostic factor for DFS (P=0.06, HR=2.28; 95% CI, 0.92-3.04) and OS (P&amp;lt;0.0001, HR=5.22; 95% CI, 2.11-12.96) of TNBC. Lymphovascular invasion was only poor prognostic factor for DFS (P=0.026, HR=10.2, 95% CI, 1.31-76.8), not for OS.ConclusionsTNBC has a worse prognosis than non-TNBC patients, but this effect is limited within 3 years after diagnosis. The most competent prognostic factor of recurrence and death for TNBC is a nodal status. We plan that perform analysis for prognosis according to hormone receptor and HER-2 receptor status sooner. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4044.