tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lower Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HEMOLYSIS IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA, AUGMENTED BY URINARY RETENTION.REPORT OF CASE.
Authors: HUGO A. FREUND
Journal: JAMA (1907)

An article on "Recurrent Intermittent Retention of Urine Occurring with Remissions in a Case of Pernicious Anemia"<sup>1</sup>attracted my attention and led me to compare it with a similar case lately observed in the medical clinic of Professor George Dock. Dr. Cunningham's case was a male, aged 47, who had well-marked symptoms, physical features and a typical blood picture of pernicious anemia. In addition he had a history of retention of urine four years before, after which he was regularly catheterized for three months. At the time of his admission he urinated every two hours and was up more often during the night. In addition, difficulty in starting his urine and dribbling were complained of. Examination revealed a hypertrophied prostate, sufficient to cause frequent attacks of retention. Cystoscopic examination showed a chronic cystitis, and on draining the bladder as much as thirty-six ounces of residual urine were obtained. Bottini's
Crush Injury with Renal Failure and Recovery
Authors: G. Blackburn, W. W. Kay
Journal: BMJ (1941)

Emergentcy Hospital This paper gives an account of a case of crush injury with acute renal failure in which recovery occurred, although the injured limb had eventually to be amputated.An important part of the treatment was the use of sodium bicarbonate to restore the alkali reserve during the period of renal failure.The main clinical and biochemical data are summarized in the table and the chart.Case HistoryAs the result of a bomb explosion a man 58 years old lay for twelve hours with his left thigh crushed under fallen masonry.He remained fully conscious throughout this period and was able to converse with rescue workers.By the time he was released two superficial lacerations of the left hand and left eyebrow were giving him some pain, but his mind was still clear and the crushed limb painless.On admission to the emergency hospital some twenty hours after the explosion the man's general condition was fair, without signs of shock.The apparent site of crushing extended from the level of the left great trochanter not more than four inches downwards, but there was no abrasion or demonstrable haematoma.The injured limb was anaesthetic and completely paralysed, and there was foot-drop.Good pulsation could be
Hemoglobin Loves Park [β68 (E12) Leu→Phe]: Report of five cases including one originating from a de novo mutation
Authors: Cristina Ferreira, James D. Hoyer, Armandina Miranda, Isabel Picanço, Vanda Almendra, Maria Teresa Seixas, Teresa Almeida, Luísa Romão, Paula Faustino
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Hemoglobin (Hb) Loves Park [β68 (E12) Leu→Phe] was identified in a 2‐year‐old Portuguese boy with anemia, microcytosis, and hypochromia. This Hb variant was detected by isoelectric focusing and quantified by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (48.4%), and the DNA mutation was identified by HBB (β‐globin gene) sequencing. Hematological and biochemical analyses performed on his parents revealed normal hematological parameters and normal hemoglobin and globin chain profiles. DNA sequence analysis of the HBB gene of both parents showed the absence of the Hb Loves Park mutation. Study of the haplotypes in the β‐globin gene cluster confirmed parenthood. Moreover, paternity was confirmed by the study of nine short tandem repeats (STRs) and four variable‐number tandem repeat (VNTRs) loci. The most likely explanation for these results is that the Hb Loves Park mutation has occurred de novo in this family. The original American cases of Hb Loves Park, from a family of Italian origin, which were never published, as well as two additional cases, are also included in this report. Functional studies revealed that Hb Loves Park is stable and has a decreased oxygen affinity. Am. J. Hematol. 81:256–261, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abstract 5594: JNK1 and MERTK are markers of MEK inhibitor resistance and new targets for therapy.
Authors: Jaymes Beech, Kim Kelly
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most devastating human cancers, having a median survival of 6 months and a 5-year survival rate of 6%. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths due to its resistance to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy and a lack of early detection. Alternatively, small molecule inhibitors have been emerging as a means of transitioning away from non-selective treatments towards a more personalized approach. Pancreatic cancer, having mutant K-RAS and TP53 in upwards of 90% of cases, appears to be a great candidate for molecular therapy due to this high genetic homogeneity among patients. TP53 is an inactivation mutation and not a candidate for inhibition. K-RAS is an over-activating mutation but unfortunately cannot currently be treated by small molecule inhibitors. However, its downstream pathways, which signal both growth and survival, can. The most predominant of these is the MAP kinase pathway. Several small molecules have been developed to target members of this pathway such as MEK 1/2 including U0126, PD0325901 and AZD6244. Often, however, these therapies are still ineffective and it would be immensely beneficial to be able to predict when MEK inhibition will be effective or should conversely be avoided. To discover such markers, we tested a panel of 18 pancreatic cancer cell lines for sensitivity to the MEK inhibitor AZD6244. After classifying each line's sensitivity, microarray and qPCR analysis found significantly different genes between the sensitive and resistant groups. Most notable were MERTK and MAPK8, which both were upregulated in resistant lines and showed some redundancy in the studies. These genes code for the Tyrosine-protein kinase Mer (MERTK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1) proteins respectively. Correlation studies showed both gene and protein expression levels to track with resistance to the small molecule inhibitor. To test whether these genes and the proteins they code for could serve as potential new therapy targets, shRNA studies were performed. Studies yielded a noticeable decrease in proliferation in both MAPK8 and MERTK knockdown, even being lethal in one case. While the results support the importance of these proteins for tumorgenecity, knockdown did not alter the cell lines’ sensitivity to MEK inhibition. Our findings suggest the use of MERTK and JNK1 as markers of MEK inhibition resistance and propose new target for future therapies. Citation Format: Jaymes Beech, Kim Kelly. JNK1 and MERTK are markers of MEK inhibitor resistance and new targets for therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5594. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5594
Cellular Quantitation of In Vivo Effects of 1-β-d-Arabinofuranosylcytosine on Leukemia L12102
Authors: Mark Edelstein, Fred Valeriote, Teresa Vietti
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Journal Article Cellular Quantitation of In Vivo Effects of 1-β-d-Arabinofuranosylcytosine on Leukemia L1210 Get access Mark Edelstein, Mark Edelstein Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fred Valeriote, Fred Valeriote Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Teresa Vietti Teresa Vietti Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 58, Issue 4, April 1977, Pages 941–947, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/58.4.941 Published: 01 April 1977 Article history Received: 08 March 1976 Accepted: 10 September 1976 Published: 01 April 1977
Inappropriate treatment for dysentery
Authors: R. Cash
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Perverse incentives and inadequate information may accelerate antibiotic resistance

Keeping abreast of changing patterns of microbial resistance presents a formidable challenge to all those prescribing antibiotics. When national standards are developed for treating infectious diseases, recommendations must be transmitted to local practitioners and drug sellers. Even if there is an effective communications network this process takes time. Given that many recommended treatments are based on outdated texts or “common practices,” it is perhaps not surprising that practice changes slowly, if at all. Common practices can often be traced to the influence of one or two influential physicians whose ideas have had a disproportionate effect on the literature. For example, the overuse of metronidazole and furazolidone to treat shigella infections in Bangladesh (and many other countries) almost certainly reflects overdiagnosis of amoebiasis that 25 years ago was mistakenly considered to be the commonest cause of bloody diarrhoea.

The short report by Ronsmans et al in this week's BMJ (p 205) reveals the extent of inappropriate treatment of dysentery in Bangladesh and raises issues that are relevant …
High Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes as Skeletal Complications of Inadequate Glucose Control
Authors: Ling Oei, M. Carola Zillikens, Abbas Dehghan, Gabriëlle H.S. Buitendijk, Martha C. Castaño-Betancourt, Karol Estrada, Lisette Stolk, Edwin H.G. Oei, Joyce B.J. van Meurs, Joseph A.M.J.L. Janssen, Albert Hofman, Johannes P.T.M. van Leeuwen, Jacqueline C.M. Witteman, Huibert A.P. Pols, André G. Uitterlinden, Caroline C.W. Klaver, Oscar H. Franco, Fernando Rivadeneira
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Individuals with type 2 diabetes have increased fracture risk despite higher bone mineral density (BMD). Our aim was to examine the influence of glucose control on skeletal complications.Data of 4,135 participants of the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort, were available (mean follow-up 12.2 years). At baseline, 420 participants with type 2 diabetes were classified by glucose control (according to HbA1c calculated from fructosamine), resulting in three comparison groups: adequately controlled diabetes (ACD; n = 203; HbA1c <7.5%), inadequately controlled diabetes (ICD; n = 217; HbA1c ≥ 7.5%), and no diabetes (n = 3,715). Models adjusted for sex, age, height, and weight (and femoral neck BMD) were used to test for differences in bone parameters and fracture risk (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI]).The ICD group had 1.1-5.6% higher BMD, 4.6-5.6% thicker cortices, and -1.2 to -1.8% narrower femoral necks than ACD and ND, respectively. Participants with ICD had 47-62% higher fracture risk than individuals without diabetes (HR 1.47 [1.12-1.92]) and ACD (1.62 [1.09-2.40]), whereas those with ACD had a risk similar to those without diabetes (0.91 [0.67-1.23]).Poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes is associated with fracture risk, high BMD, and thicker femoral cortices in narrower bones. We postulate that fragility in apparently "strong" bones in ICD can result from microcrack accumulation and/or cortical porosity, reflecting impaired bone repair.
Financial Impact of Physician Assistants on Medical Practice
Authors: Eugene C. Nelson, Arthur R. Jacobs, Karyn Cordner, Kenneth G. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

A study of revenues generated and expenses incurred by 12 physician assistants (MEDEX) who had held salaried positions for at least one year was conducted to determine their financial impact on primary-care practices. Daily charge logs were used to make annual estimates of MEDEX-generated revenues. One method of estimating annual revenues produced a mean of $28,190 per year, and a second method yielded a figure of $30,210 per year. Financial statements were used in two different ways to estimate annual expenses related to the employment of the MEDEX. One procedure indicated average costs of employment were $15,900, and the other $20,100. Ten of the 12 practices in the study experienced substantial gains of estimated revenue over expenses ascribed to the activities of the MEDEX.
Hepatic Toxicity From Disinfectant Abuse
Authors: John M. D. Morse
Journal: JAMA (1984)

HEPATIC decompensation in abstaining alcoholic patients with cirrhosis is generally due to gastrointestinal tract bleeding, acute infection, hypotensive episode, or electrolyte imbalance. These precipitating factors are easily identified by careful evaluation. We recently cared for a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis who assured us that he was abstaining, but was drinking spray disinfectant (Lysol) containing 79% ethyl alcohol (158 proof). We believe that the alcohol contained in the disinfectant led to his hepatic decompensation. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 48-year-old man was admitted to the hospital on Nov 25, 1982, with recent onset of jaundice and ascites. He had a 20-year history of alcohol abuse, with no previous episodes of hepatic decompensation, and was receiving no medications. The patient specifically denied ingestion of beer, wine, or liquor over the three-year period prior to admission. On detailed questioning, however, he admitted that for the past three years, he had ingested the contents of
Strain rate imaging can evaluate nontransmural myocardial infarction: An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Tomohiko Toyoda, Takashi Akasaka, Maki Akiyama, Jyunko Tomita, Yoji Neishi, Yuji Koyama, Nozomi Watanabe, Shuichiro Kaji, Yasuhiro Saito, Ryoji Suetsuna, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
A Case of Friedlander's Pneumonia Treated with Aureomycin
Authors: M. I. Drury
Journal: BMJ (1953)

METHOD OF PREVENTING INSULIN ATROPHY MEDINTSRNHL 1203had appeared in a few months in each case.The chief benefit from the use of this method, if its value is con- firmed, would appear to lie in the alleviation of this unsightly effect of insulin therapy, which so commonly occurs in children and young women.Among 20 diabetic children at this home, insulin atrophy has occurred in 10
Controlled, randomized comparison of right atrial pacing versus biatrial pacing for prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery
Authors: Zalmen Blanck, Preethi Chintamaneni, David C. Kress, Alfred J. Tector, Afzal Rehman, Mircea Carp, Sankar Varanasi, Atul Bhatia, Masood Akhtar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Differentiation of Anterior Tibial Stress Fracture from Osteoid Osteoma
Authors: LEONARD P. CONNOLLY, SUSAN A. CONNOLLY, S. TED TREVES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

The authors present a case in which skeletal scintigraphy helped them to differentiate an anterior tibial stress fracture from a possible osteoid osteoma. Important scintigraphic clues to the correct diagnosis included a linear rather than a round to oval configuration to the focus of intense uptake shown by pinhole imaging, absence of focally increased tracer localization on the angiographic and tissue phases, and a symmetrically positioned, less-conspicuous contralateral abnormality.
Pre- and Postoperative Studies of Plasma Calcitonin in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Phillip W. Lambert, Hunter Heath, Glen W. Sizemore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The importance of calcitonin in the homeostatic response to the chronic hypercalcemia of primary hyperparathyroidism is uncertain. To clarify this issue, we have used a new, sensitive radioimmunoassay for human calcitonin to measure basal plasma calcitonin concentrations in 50 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (32 female, 18 male). We assayed calcium-stimulated calcitonin concentrations preoperatively in 22 of the patients (16 female, 6 male) and postoperatively in 6. Finally, we assayed pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin concentrations preoperatively in eight of the patients (three female, five male). Plasma calcitonin values after an overnight fast were indistinguishable from those in normal subjects (mean+/-SE, males, 48+/-3 normal and 46+/-5 pg/ml hyperparathyroid, females, 31+/-2 normal and 37+/-3 pg/ml hyperparathyroid.) Among hyperparathyroid patients of both sexes, increases of calcitonin during Ca infusion (15 mg Ca/kg in 4 h) were within normal limits. However, the mean maximal increase of calcitonin was significantly lower in hyperparathyroid than in normal subjects (P < 0.05). In six patients normocalcemic 5-15 mo after parathyroid surgery, fasting plasma calcitonin values were not significantly different, but responses to Ca infusion were greater than preoperatively (Delta calcitonin +/-SE: 13+/-4 preoperatively and 53+/-35 pg/ml postoperatively). The mean maximal increase of calcitonin after pentagastrin (0.5 mug/kg i.v.) was slightly lower than normal in the patients (mean+/-SE, males, 45+/-8 normal and 38+/-10 pg/ml hyperparathyroid, females, 6+/-2 normal and 0 pg/ml hyperparathyroid). Thus, primary hyperparathyroidism is accompanied by normal steady-state concentrations of circulating calcitonin, and normal-to-blunted C-cell responses to pentagastrin or induced hypercalcemia, the response to calcium generally increasing after successful parathyroid surgery. These results clearly show that primary hyperparathyroidism is not characterized by hypercalcitoninemia. The seemingly paradoxical absence of elevated steady-state calcitonin concentrations may be accounted for partly by decreased secretory reserve. However, primary hyperparathyroidism may also be accompanied by an increase in the threshold of sensitivity for calcium stimulation of calcitonin secretion.
Long noncoding RNA associated with microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma promotes angiogenesis and serves as a predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma patients' poor recurrence-free survival after hepatectomy
Authors: Sheng-Xian Yuan, Fu Yang, Yuan Yang, Qi-Fei Tao, Jin Zhang, Gang Huang, Yun Yang, Ruo-Yu Wang, Sen Yang, Xi-Song Huo, Ling Zhang, Fang Wang, Shu-Han Sun, Wei-Ping Zhou
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor, which is largely attributed to active angiogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis in HCC remain to be discovered. In this study, we found that long noncoding RNA associated with microvascular invasion in HCC (lncRNA MVIH) (lncRNA associated with microvascular invasion in HCC) was generally overexpressed in HCC. In a cohort of 215 HCC patients, the overexpression of MVIH was associated with frequent microvascular invasion (P = 0.016) and a higher tumor node metastasis stage (P = 0.009) as well as decreased recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P < 0.001) and overall survival (P = 0.007). Moreover, the up-regulation of MVIH served as an independent risk factor to predict poor RFS. We also found that MVIH could promote tumor growth and intrahepatic metastasis by activating angiogenesis in mouse models. Subsequent investigations indicated that MVIH could activate tumor-inducing angiogenesis by inhibiting the secretion of phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1). Additionally, in 65 HCC samples, MVIH expression was inversely correlated with the serum level of PGK1 and positively correlated with the microvessel density.Deregulation of lncRNA MVIH is a predictor for poor RFS of HCC patients after hepatectomy and could be utilized as a potential target for new adjuvant therapies against active angiogenesis.
TETANUS FOLLOWING INDUCED ABORTION
Authors: W. L. BUSH
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Tetanus following induced abortion appears to be a rare condition, or at least if it is common it has not been reported. In 1931 Mattson and Starkey<sup>1</sup>reported 1 case, with recovery. Komaromy<sup>2</sup>reported 1 case in 1937 and stated that there were numerous cases reported in the literature. In the German literature, Schneider was able to find records of 111 cases, with a mortality of 91 per cent. Komaromy brought out the fact that it is essential to determine whether the inoculation with tetanus took place through other wounds in the skin and was merely coincidental with the abortion. As a result of a survey of the literature, I think it is justifiable to report 5 cases, with a mortality of 100 per cent. The 5 patients admitted having been pregnant and having sought an abortion and alleged that the abortion was done by the same person
Book: The Definition of Death: Contemporary Controversies
Authors: S. McLean
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Eds Stuart J Youngner, Robert M Arnold, Renie Schapiro Johns Hopkins University Press, £45, pp 368 ISBN 0 8018 5985 9 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> This is an excellent book. The editors have managed to put together contributions from some of the most influential thinkers in biomedical ethics in the United States, and some experts from other countries, making for an engaging and fascinating collection of short articles. For readers unversed in the depth of the debate, some articles may initially seem somewhat difficult, but, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Is It Justifiable to Withhold Treatment for Hepatitis C from Illicit-Drug Users?
Authors: Brian R. Edlin, Karen H. Seal, Jennifer Lorvick, Alex H. Kral, Daniel H. Ciccarone, Lisa D. Moore, Bernard Lo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Approximately 3 million Americans are thought to be infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV).1 HCV causes chronic infection in about 85 percent of infected persons, and cirrhosis may develop in as many as 20 percent of those with chronic infection.2 HCV infection results in 8000 to 10,000 deaths annually and is the most common reason for liver transplantation in the United States. The rates of morbidity and mortality from HCV infection are increasing, and this trend is expected to continue in the coming decades.1 Treatment with interferon, with or without ribavirin, for 6 to 12 months results in viral clearance . . .