tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A CASE OF TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE KIDNEY WITH DELAYED HEMATURIA
Authors: Robert W. Angevine
Journal: JAMA (1918)

A case of traumatic kidney rupture, showing almost immediate abdominal signs but delayed urinary findings, was recently observed by the surgical service of the Rochester General Hospital. A girl, aged 8 years, of Italian birth, was carried to the children's pavilion of the hospital, complaining of pain in the back. According to the history, the child had stepped into an open coal-hole and had fallen 12 feet into a cellar, striking on a dirt floor. The girl was unable to tell of the details as to whether or not she struck a protruding ledge or post. The history further states that she was stunned and had vomited once. She managed to walk home after the accident, but the mother noted that she became listless and complained more and more of pain in the lower part of the back. On admission to the ward, eight hours after the fall, the child
Short and long term in vivo effects of Cyclosporine A and Sirolimus on genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism in Wistar rats
Authors: Patrícia C. Lopes, Amelia Fuhrmann, José Sereno, Daniel O. Espinoza, Maria João Pereira, Jan W. Eriksson, Flávio Reis, Eugenia Carvalho
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
Impaired mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in C5-deficient mice supports the pivotal involvement of innate immunity in this process and reveals novel promobilization effects of granulocytes
Authors: H M Lee, W Wu, M Wysoczynski, R Liu, E K Zuba-Surma, M Kucia, J Ratajczak, M Z Ratajczak
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Consequences for research if use of anonymised patient data breaches confidentiality
Authors: J. Walton, R. Doll, W. Asscher, R. Hurley, M. Langman, R. Gillon, D. Strachan, N. Wald, P. Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—During this century well conducted clinical and epidemiological research has formed the basis of remarkable advances in medical knowledge. The benefits provided to countless patients by these advances have greatly outweighed the possible risks entailed in clinical studies. The success of these endeavours has been well safeguarded by established laws, directives, regulations, and guidelines. Research using patient records has provided important information on factors predisposing to disease and successful outcomes.

A recent legal case—Source Informatics (now owned by IMS Health) v Department of Health, 28 May 1999—now threatens much healthcare research by suggesting that the use of patient data that have been subjected to procedures ensuring the anonymity of …
Elevated intracranial pressure and computed tomography of the brain in fulminant hepatocellular failure
Authors: Santiago J. Muñoz, Murray Robinson, Bruce Northrup, Rodney Bell, Michael Moritz, Bruce Jarrell, Paul Martin, Willis C. Maddrey
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Cerebral herniation is a leading cause of death in patients with fulminant hepatocellular failure. Classical signs of elevated intracranial pressure are often absent in these patients. A reliable noninvasive method by which the presence of cerebral edema could be determined is much needed. To assess the efficacy of computed tomography of the brain in this setting, we compared the radiographic findings to the intracranial pressure measured by an epidural monitor in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Unfortunately, a considerable difference existed between the presence of cerebral edema diagnosed by computed tomography of the brain and elevation of the intracranial pressure. Our observations suggest that in patients with fulminant hepatic failure and advanced hepatic encephalopathy, computed tomography of the brain is of little value in detecting cerebral edema. Pressure monitoring is most important to establish the presence and guide the therapy of intracranial hypertension.
Familial spontaneous pneumothorax.
Authors: Y Sugiyama, H Maeda, H Yotsumoto, F Takaku
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Spontaneous pneumothorax usually occurs sporadically in healthy young adults, who tend to be tall and to have an asthenic habitus.The underlying cause is thought to be rupture of small subpleural lung cysts or bullae that are found in the apex of the upper lobe.On the other hand, familial spontaneous pneumothorax is known to be a rare condition, with sparse published reports.' -8 We here report the cases of two brothers who presented with spontaneous pneumothorax and had Marfan syndrome like abnormal- ities in the skeletal system.The results of HLA analysis of this family are also presented. Case reportsPATIENT 1 (PROBAND)
Contaminated Heparin Associated with Adverse Clinical Events and Activation of the Contact System
Authors: Takashi Kei Kishimoto, Karthik Viswanathan, Tanmoy Ganguly, Subbiah Elankumaran, Sean Smith, Kevin Pelzer, Jonathan C. Lansing, Nammalwar Sriranganathan, Ganlin Zhao, Zoya Galcheva-Gargova, Ali Al-Hakim, Gregory Scott Bailey, Blair Fraser, Sucharita Roy, Thomas Rogers-Cotrone, Lucinda Buhse, Mark Whary, James Fox, Moheb Nasr, Gerald J. Dal Pan, Zachary Shriver, Robert S. Langer, Ganesh Venkataraman, K. Frank Austen, Janet Woodcock, Ram Sasisekharan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

There is an urgent need to determine whether oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS), a compound contaminating heparin supplies worldwide, is the cause of the severe anaphylactoid reactions that have occurred after intravenous heparin administration in the United States and Germany.Heparin procured from the Food and Drug Administration, consisting of suspect lots of heparin associated with the clinical events as well as control lots of heparin, were screened in a blinded fashion both for the presence of OSCS and for any biologic activity that could potentially link the contaminant to the observed clinical adverse events. In vitro assays for the activation of the contact system and the complement cascade were performed. In addition, the ability of OSCS to recapitulate key clinical manifestations in vivo was tested in swine.The OSCS found in contaminated lots of unfractionated heparin, as well as a synthetically generated OSCS reference standard, directly activated the kinin-kallikrein pathway in human plasma, which can lead to the generation of bradykinin, a potent vasoactive mediator. In addition, OSCS induced generation of C3a and C5a, potent anaphylatoxins derived from complement proteins. Activation of these two pathways was unexpectedly linked and dependent on fluid-phase activation of factor XII. Screening of plasma samples from various species indicated that swine and humans are sensitive to the effects of OSCS in a similar manner. OSCS-containing heparin and synthetically derived OSCS induced hypotension associated with kallikrein activation when administered by intravenous infusion in swine.Our results provide a scientific rationale for a potential biologic link between the presence of OSCS in suspect lots of heparin and the observed clinical adverse events. An assay to assess the amidolytic activity of kallikrein can supplement analytic tests to protect the heparin supply chain by screening for OSCS and other highly sulfated polysaccharide contaminants of heparin that can activate the contact system.
Aeromonas hydrophila Infection
Authors: A. E. Fraire
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In the article "Freshwater Wound Infection Due to<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>" (238:1053, 1977), Hanson et al comment that<i>A hydrophila</i>may be a more frequent human pathogen than the literature would suggest. The following two cases seen in August 1977 in Mercy Hospital, a 200-bed community hospital, support this suggestion and point out the need to recognize<i>A hydrophila</i>as the cause of cellulitis in healthy immunocompetent persons. <h3>Report of Cases.—</h3> Case1.—A 6-year-old boy was brought to the emergency room with an infected puncture wound on the right heel. His mother stated that the child had stepped on a rock while swimming a month earlier. Redness of adjacent soft tissues was noted and interpreted as cellulitis. The wound was debrided, and material was submitted for culture and sensitivity testing. Cultures grew<i>A hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus</i>coagulase positive, and y streptococci. <h3>Case 2.—</h3> A 16-year-old boy came
Myocardial Collagen Turnover in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Raffaella Lombardi, Sandro Betocchi, Maria Angela Losi, Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti, Mariano Aversa, Marianna Miranda, Gianluigi D’Alessandro, Alessandra Cacace, Quirino Ciampi, Massimo Chiariello
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Myocardial interstitial fibrosis is a characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This study evaluates the collagen turnover in HCM and its impact on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. Methods and Results— Thirty-six HCM patients and 14 sex- and age-matched controls were studied. Collagen turnover was assessed as follows. By radioimmunoassay, a byproduct of collagen III synthesis (PIIINP) and 3 peptides resulting from collagen I synthesis (PICP and PINP) and degradation (ICTP) were measured. By ELISA, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were determined, as follows: active MMP-2; active MMP-9; and MMP-1 as active, free (as active MMP-1 plus its precursor), and total (as free MMP-1 plus MMP-1/tissue inhibitor complexes). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) was also assayed. All patients underwent echocardiography. The difference in duration between transmitral forward (A) and pulmonary venous retrograde (AR) waves (A−Ar) was considered an estimate of passive diastolic function. Furthermore, restrictive or pseudonormal LV filling patterns were considered to identify patients with passive diastolic dysfunction. Patients had higher levels of PIIINP, ICTP, MMP-2, MMP-9, and total TIMP-1 than did controls. PIIINP was inversely related to LV end-diastolic diameter. A−Ar was inversely related to PICP, PINP, and their differences with ICTP (estimates of collagen I buildup). Furthermore, A−Ar was directly related to MMP-1 and MMP-2. Conclusions— As compared with controls, collagen turnover is enhanced in HCM patients. As collagen I synthesis prevails over degradation and MMP-1 and MMP-2 are inhibited, passive diastolic dysfunction occurs in patients with HCM.
Exercise Dose and Diabetes Risk in Overweight and Obese Children
Authors: Catherine L. Davis, Norman K. Pollock, Jennifer L. Waller, Jerry D. Allison, B. Adam Dennis, Reda Bassali, Agustín Meléndez, Colleen A. Boyle, Barbara A. Gower
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Context-Pediatric studies showed that aerobic exercise reduces metabolic risk, but dose response information is not available. Objective-Test the effect of aerobic training dose on insulin resistance, fatness, visceral fat, and fitness in overweight, sedentary children, and test moderation by sex and race.Design, Setting, and Participants-Randomized, controlled, efficacy trial from 2003 through 2007, in which 222 overweight or obese, sedentary children (mean age, 9.4 yrs; 42% male, 58% black) were recruited from 15 public schools in the Augusta, GA area.Intervention-Low-dose (20 min/d, n = 71) or high-dose (40 min/d, n = 73) aerobic training (13 ± 1.6 wk, 5 d/wk), or control condition (usual physical activity, n = 78); 94% retention.Main outcome measures-Prespecified primary outcomes were type 2 diabetes risk at posttest, assessed by insulin area under the curve (AUC) from oral glucose tolerance test, aerobic fitness, percent body fat via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and visceral fat via magnetic resonance, analyzed by intent-to-treat.Results-Most children (85%) were obese.At baseline, the mean BMI was 26 (SD = 4.4).Reductions in insulin AUC were larger in the high-dose (adjusted mean difference [95% CI], -3.56 [-6.26 to -0.85], P = .01)than low-dose group (-2.96 [-5.69 to -0.22], P = .03)×10 3 μU/ mL) vs control group.Dose-response trends were also observed for body fat (-1.4 [-2.2 to -0.7], P < .001;-0.8 [-1.6 to -0.07] %, P =.03) and visceral fat (-3.9 [-6.0 to -1.7], P < .001;-2.8 [-4.9 to -0.6] cm 3 , P = .01)in the high-and low-dose vs control groups, respectively.Effects in the high-and low-dose groups vs control were similar for fitness (2.4 [0.4 to 4.5], P =.02; 2.4 [0.3 to 4.5] mL/kg/min, P = .03).High-vs.low-dose group effects were similar for these outcomes.
WHO claims maternal mortality has been underestimated
Authors: C. Court
Journal: BMJ (1996)

New data produced by the WHO and Unicef demonstrated that maternal mortality has been underestimated by a third, with nearly 80,000 more pregnancy-related deaths than previously reported. About 585,000 maternal deaths occur every year, 99% of them in developing countries. 55% of the deaths occur in Asia, which is responsible for 61% of the world's births, while Africa accounts for 40% of deaths and 20% of the world's births. Developed countries account for only 1% of maternal deaths and 11% of all births. Specific statistical models were used to assess the amount of underreporting that is common in developing countries, but can also occur in developed countries. When a pregnant woman is moved from the obstetrics department because of complications and subsequently dies, the original cause of the complication often is missing from the death certificate. A representative of WHO's maternal health and safe motherhood program remarked that these estimates are a great improvement over previous data. They also should encourage action to expand access to quality care for all women during pregnancy and childbirth. In North Africa, southern Africa, eastern Asia, Central America, and South America the estimates of maternal mortality were slightly lower than those available from earlier studies. The situation was particularly worrisome in eastern, middle, and western Africa, where the earlier estimates had been underestimated by almost one-third.
The Differential Diagnosis of Impotence
Authors: Marvin D. Wasserman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The literature on nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) and impotence is briefly reviewed. Available evidence suggests that measurement of NPT provides objective data, which when combined with a thorough clinical evaluation can be helpful in distinguishing psychogenic from organic impotence in approximately 80% of those patients who present this differential diagnostic problem. Further research is needed to determine whether some psychogenically impotent patients may have impaired NPT. The interdisciplinary evaluation employed at our center is described, and clinical material illustrating the usefulness of this technique is presented. The potential errors that can result from the use of portable NPT monitoring devices are discussed. (<i>JAMA</i>243:2038-2042, 1980)
Recurrent abdominal pain in childhood.
Authors: P C Brunner
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The paper by Giacchino and his colleagues,7 on which your recommendations for manage- ment are so clearly based, was criticised in the subsequent discussion for its conclusions that colonoscopy should not be performed and it is surprising that you should perpetuate this erroneous conclusion.There is clearly much evidence to support a co-ordinated approach to the problem of massive bleeding from the large bowel, involving the gastroenterologist, endoscopist, radiologist, and surgeon in a joint and flexible approach to investigation and management rather than adherence to the more rigid flow chart suggested.
Evaluation of oral hygiene products: science is true; don't be misled by the facts
Authors: Martin Addy, John M. Moran
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (1997)

Most people in industrialized countries use oral hygiene products. When an oral health benefit is expected, it is important that sufficient scientific evidence exist to support such claims. Ideally, data should be cumulative derived from studies in vitro and in vivo. The data should be available to the profession for evaluation by publication in refereed scientific journals. Terms and phrases require clarification, and claims made by implication or derived by inference must be avoided. Similarity in products is not necessarily proof per se of efficacy. Studies in vitro and in vivo should follow the basic principles of scientific research. Studies must be ethical, avoid bias and be suitably controlled. A choice of controls will vary depending on whether an agent or a whole product is evaluated and the development stage of a formulation. Where appropriate, new products should be compared with products already available and used by the general public. Conformity with the guidelines for good clinical practice appears to be a useful way of validating studies and a valuable guide to the profession. Studies should be designed with sufficient power to detect statistically significant differences if these exist. However, consideration must be given to the clinical significance of statistically significant differences between formulations since these are not necessarily the same. Studies in vitro provide supportive data but extrapolation to clinical effect is difficult and even misleading, and such data should not stand alone as proof of efficacy of a product. Short-term studies in vivo provide useful information, particularly at the development stage. Ideally, however, products should be proved effective when used in the circumstances for which they are developed. Nevertheless, a variety of variable influence the outcome of home-use studies, and the influence of the variable cannot usually be calculated. Although rarely considered, the cost-benefit ratio of some oral hygiene products needs to be considered.
How Is Infliximab Harmful?
Authors: Gary S. Hoffman, Maria C. Cid, Mahboob U. Rahman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters15 January 2008How Is Infliximab Harmful?Gary S. Hoffman, MD, Maria C. Cid, MD, and Mahboob U. Rahman, MD, PhDGary S. Hoffman, MDFrom Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; and Centocor Research and Development, Malvern, PA 19355Search for more papers by this author, Maria C. Cid, MDFrom Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; and Centocor Research and Development, Malvern, PA 19355Search for more papers by this author, and Mahboob U. Rahman, MD, PhDFrom Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; and Centocor Research and Development, Malvern, PA 19355Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-2-200801150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Although we appreciate Dr. Arkfeld's thoughtful communication, we stand by the original conclusion that the use of infliximab plus corticosteroids is of no benefit in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed GCA and may be harmful. Clinical trials generally are too small for safety signals to be evaluated by using statistical testing. This is especially true for a trial the size of ours, and therefore a judgment regarding the benefit versus the risk must be based on clinical information. In our trial, 10 infusion reactions occurred in 6 patients in the infliximab group, whereas none occurred in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; and Centocor Research and Development, Malvern, PA 19355Disclosures:Employment: M.U. Rahman (Centocor). PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoInfliximab for Maintenance of Glucocorticosteroid-Induced Remission of Giant Cell Arteritis Gary S. Hoffman , Maria C. Cid , Karen E. Rendt-Zagar , Peter A. Merkel , Cornelia M. Weyand , John H. Stone , Carlo Salvarani , Weichun Xu , Sudha Visvanathan , Mahboob U. Rahman , and Infliximab plus Prednisone or Placebo plus Prednisone for the Initial Treatment of Polymyalgia Rheumatica Carlo Salvarani , PierLuigi Macchioni , Carlo Manzini , Giuseppe Paolazzi , Aldo Trotta , Paolo Manganelli , Marco Cimmino , Roberto Gerli , Maria Grazia Catanoso , Luigi Boiardi , Fabrizio Cantini , Catherine Klersy , and Gene G. Hunder Metrics Cited byCurrent awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety 15 January 2008Volume 148, Issue 2Page: 166KeywordsAdverse eventsAntibodiesCancer risk factorsClinical trialsDNANecrosisOpportunistic infectionsSafetyTuberculosisYoung adults ePublished: 15 January 2008 Issue Published: 15 January 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Beyond the building blocks model
Authors: Eric Margolis, Stephen Laurence
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Carey rightly rejects the building blocks model of concept acquisition on the grounds that new primitive concepts can be learned via the process of bootstrapping. But new primitives can be learned by other acquisition processes that do not involve bootstrapping, and bootstrapping itself is not a unitary process. Nonetheless, the processes associated with bootstrapping provide important insights into conceptual change.
Multiple pigmented trichoblastomas and syringocystadenoma papilliferum in naevus sebaceous mimicking a malignant melanoma: a clinical dermoscopic-pathological case study
Authors: V. De Giorgi, D. Massi, E. Trez, B. Alfaioli, P. Carli
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

We report a case of three distinct adnexal neoplasms associated with a naevus sebaceous of the scalp: a nodular pigmented trichoblastoma, a smaller flat pigmented trichoblastoma and a syringocystadenoma papilliferum, and discuss the clinical and histological features of these neoplasms. The clinical manifestation was suggestive of malignant melanoma, a feature that has never been reported before. For the first time in the literature we describe the case also by means of a noninvasive analysis, i.e. epiluminescence microscopy. In our experience, epiluminescence microscopy does not appear to be more diagnostically accurate than simple clinical examination when diagnosing lesions of the scalp, contrary to other regions.
Gastroenterology and Hepatology: The Comprehensive Visual Reference, vol 5: Esophagus and Pharynx, vol 6: Gallbladder and Bile Ducts; Gastroenterology and Hepatology: The Comprehensive Visual Reference, vol 5: Esophagus and Pharynx, vol 6: Gallbladder and Bile Ducts; Slide Atlas of Gastroenterology and Hepatology: The Comprehensive Visual Reference, vol 5: Esophagus and Pharynx, vol 6: Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
Authors: M. Falchuk
Journal: JAMA (1998)