tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Myosin Adenosinetriphosphatase of Rat and Mouse
Authors: YOSHIO YAZAKI, MAURICE S. RABEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

Cardiac myosin obtained from rats and mice (smaller animals) had a higher adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the presence of calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) than did cardiac myosin from rabbits and dogs (larger animals). Structural differences between the two types of cardiac myosin were suggested by the lower apparent activation energy of the Ca 2+ activated ATPase reaction catalyzed by cardiac myosin from the smaller animals and by the lower rate of inactivation of ATPase at pH 9.0. No evidence for activators of myosin ATPase was found in heart muscle or cardiac myosin from rats and mice. The cardiac myosin from these animals was also distinctive with respect to the pattern of activation and inhibition of ATPase by salts and sulfhydryl reagents. ATPase activity of cardiac myosin from the smaller animals was less sensitive to the inhibitory effect of KCl in the presence of Ca 2+ and was not activated by N -ethylmaleimide, suggesting a difference in the myosin molecule at or near the active site. When sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed, no difference was observed in the molecular weight or the proportion of the light chains between the two types of cardiac myosin. ATPase activity of skeletal myosin was approximately the same in all animals and showed a pattern similar to that of the cardiac myosins from rabbits and dogs. The structural difference in the cardiac myosin from rats and mice suggested by these experiments appears to account for the enhanced myocardial contractility found in these animals.
Malignancies in cases with screening-identified evidence of coeliac disease: a long-term population-based cohort study
Authors: S Lohi, M Maki, J Montonen, P Knekt, E Pukkala, A Reunanen, K Kaukinen
Journal: Gut (2008)

<h3>Background and aims:</h3> The association between diagnosed coeliac disease and malignancy has been established. The present study was conducted to determine whether previously unrecognised and thus untreated adults with screening-identified evidence of coeliac disease carry an increased risk of malignancies. <h3>Methods:</h3> A Finnish population-based adult-representative cohort of 8000 individuals was drawn in 1978–1980. Stored sera of the participants with no history of coeliac disease or any malignancy were tested for immunoglobulin A (IgA) class tissue transglutaminase antibodies (Eu-tTG) in 2001. Positive sera were further analysed by another tissue transglutaminase antibody test (Celikey tTG) and for endomysial antibodies (EMAs). Malignant diseases were extracted from the nationwide database and antibody-positive cases were compared with negative cases during a follow-up of nearly 20 years. <h3>Results:</h3> Altogether 565 of all the 6849 analysed serum samples drawn in 1978–80 were Eu-tTG positive. In further analyses, 202 (2.9%) of the participants were Celikey tTG positive and 73 (1.1%) were EMA positive. The overall risk of malignancy was not increased among antibody-positive cases in the follow-up of two decades; the age- and sex-adjusted relative risk was 0.91 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.37) for those who were Celikey tTG positive and 0.67 (95% CI 0.28 to 1.61) for those who were EMA positive. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The prognosis of adults with unrecognised coeliac disease with positive coeliac disease antibody status is good as regards the overall risk of malignancies. Thus, current diagnostic practice is sufficient and there is no need for earlier diagnosis of coeliac disease by mass screening on the basis of the findings of this study.
Regulatory peptides in the respiratory tract of Macaca fascicularis.
Authors: M A Ghatei, D R Springall, I M Richards, J A Oostveen, R L Griffin, A Cadieux, J M Polak, S R Bloom
Journal: Thorax (1987)

The quantitative distribution and localisation of seven regulatory peptides (vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), galanin, substance P, neuropeptide tyrosine (Y), and bombesin like peptides) were determined by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry in six different regions of the respiratory tract of the cynomolgus monkey, Macaca fascicularis. In general, peptide concentrations were higher in the airways than in lung tissue itself. VIP and PHM were found in greatest abundance and in equimolar concentrations. Concentrations of substance P, neuropeptide Y, and bombesin were substantially lower. Immunocytochemistry localised all the peptides to nerve fibres, whose density generally paralleled the tissue concentrations by radioimmunoassay except in the case of bombesin, which was not detected. VIP, PHM, and galanin were mostly associated with glands of trachea and bronchus and with blood vessels and smooth muscle; CGRP and substance P were found principally beneath airway epithelium and around smooth muscle fibres and blood vessels; neuropeptide Y was found around blood vessels and seromucous glands only. The pattern of peptide distribution in the Macaca fascicularis respiratory tract is similar to that previously reported in human postmortem material, suggesting that the cynomolgus monkey may be a useful model for examining the pathophysiological role of peptides in human respiratory disease.
Rapidly fatal pulmonary fibrosis: the accelerated variant of interstitial pneumonitis.
Authors: D S Pratt, M I Schwartz, J J May, R B Dreisin
Journal: Thorax (1979)

We sought to explore immunological factors in patients who died with rapidly fatal fibrosing lung diseases (Hamman-Rich syndrome). A retrospective review of cases of interstitial lung disease showed 12 recent deaths from Hamman-Rich syndrome. The mean age was 62, men outnumbering women 3 : 1. Five patients had proved collagen vascular disease (rheumatoid arthritis three, lupus two). Four others had a history of allergic disorders, syphilis, chronic eosinophilia, or hypersensitivity reactions. One patient showed disappearance of immunofluorescence as fibrosis advanced, which has not previously been reported. The study suggests a possible aetiological link between disorders of immunity and Hamman-Rich syndrome. The evidence also supports the notion that Hamman-Rich syndrome is an accelerated variant of the more indolent interstitial pneumonias.
Biologic Characteristics of Interval and Screen-Detected Breast Cancers
Authors: F. D. Gilliland
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Interval breast cancer is defined as a cancer that is detected within 12 months after a negative mammogram. The failure of mammography to detect breast cancer depends on testing procedures, radiologist interpretation, patient characteristics, and tumor properties. Although errors by radiologists explain some interval cancers, another explanation is that the tumor is rapidly growing and was too small to be detected on the last mammogram. To determine whether markers of tumor growth rate are associated with risk of an interval cancer, we conducted a population-based study with the use of data collected statewide by the New Mexico Mammography Project.Among women who received a mammographic examination from 1991 throughout 1993, we ascertained records of all patients with breast cancer diagnosed within 12 months of a negative screening mammographic examination (interval cancers) and corresponding tumor samples, when available. We selected an age- and ethnicity-matched comparison group of control patients with screen-detected breast cancers diagnosed during the same period. In tumor samples, p53, bcl-2, and Ki-67 were examined immunologically and the apoptotic index was assessed histologically. We used logistic regression to determine whether interval cancers were associated with selected demographic, radiologic, and biologic characteristics.It is more likely that mammography did not detect tumors with a high proportion of proliferating cells (>20%) than tumors with a low proportion of proliferating cells (<5%) (odds ratio [OR] = 4.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-14.65). The OR for mammographic failure was 2.96 (95% CI = 1.07-8.20) among cancers that expressed p53 compared with cancers that did not. Interval cancers also had fewer apoptotic cells. Approximately 75% of interval cancers appear to have tumors with 5% proliferating cells or more. Younger women had a higher proportion of rapidly proliferating and aggressive cancers.Rapidly growing and aggressive tumors account for a substantial proportion of mammographic failure to detect breast cancer, especially among younger women, who have a high proportion of aggressive cancers.
Partner-based adherence intervention for second-line antiretroviral therapy (ACTG A5234): a multinational randomised trial
Authors: Robert Gross, Lu Zheng, Alberto La Rosa, Xin Sun, Susan L Rosenkranz, Sandra Wagner Cardoso, Francis Ssali, Rob Camp, Catherine Godfrey, Susan E Cohn, Gregory K Robbins, Anthony Chisada, Carole L Wallis, Nancy R Reynolds, Darlene Lu, Steven A Safren, Lara Hosey, Patrice Severe, Ann C Collier
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2014)
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 Inhibitor Celecoxib Abrogates Activation of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB by Suppressing Activation of I-κB α Kinase in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Shishir Shishodia, Bharat B. Aggarwal
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Cigarette smoke (CS) has been linked to cardiovascular, pulmonary, and malignant diseases. CS-associated malignancies including cancers of the larynx, oral cavity, and pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, kidney, bladder, and lung; all are known to overexpress the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-regulated gene products cyclin D1, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and matrix metalloprotease-9. Whether the COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, approved for the treatment of colon carcinogenesis and rheumatoid arthritis, affects CS-induced NF-κB activation is not known, although the role of NF-κB in regulation of apoptosis, angiogenesis, carcinogenesis, and inflammation is established. In our study, in which we examined DNA binding of NF-κB in human lung adenocarcinoma H1299 cells, we found that cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced NF-κB activation was persistent up to 24 h, and celecoxib suppressed CSC-induced NF-κB activation. Celecoxib was effective even when administered 12 h after CSC treatment. This effect, however, was not cell type-specific. The activation of inhibitory subunit of NF-κB kinase (IκB), as examined by immunocomplex kinase assay, IκB phosphorylation, and IκB degradation was also inhibited. Celecoxib also abrogated CSC-induced p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation and NF-κB-dependent reporter gene expression. CSC-induced NF-κB reporter activity induced by NF-κB inducing kinase and IκB α kinase but not that activated by p65 was also blocked by celecoxib. CSC induced the expression of NF-κB-regulated proteins, COX-2, cyclin D1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and celecoxib abolished the induction of all three. The COX-2 promoter that is regulated by NF-κB was activated by CSC, and celecoxib suppressed its activation. Overall, our results suggest that chemopreventive effects of celecoxib may in part be mediated through suppression of NF-κB and NF-κB-regulated gene expression, which may contribute to its ability to suppress inflammation, proliferation, and angiogenesis.
Respiratory bronchiolitis in smokers with spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: V Cottin, N Streichenberger, JP Gamondes, F Thevenet, R Loire, JF Cordier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Respiratory bronchiolitis (RB) is defined by the accumulation of pigmented macrophages in the lumen and wall of respiratory and membranous bronchioles of smokers. The aim of this study was to determine whether spontaneous pneumothorax was associated with a high prevalence of RB. Seventy-nine consecutive patients who underwent a surgical procedure (thoracotomy or thoracoscopy) for recurrence or persistence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax despite thoracic drainage were studied retrospectively. RB was found in 70 of 79 (88.6%) smokers operated for spontaneous pneumothorax. Associated interstitial pathological abnormalities were present in 53 of 79 cases (67.1%). In nine patients, the pathological lesions were severe and resembled desquamative interstitial pneumonia. Emphysematous lesions were present in about one-third of the patients. Although the possible pathophysiological consequences of respiratory bronchiolitis remain speculative, this study demonstrates the high prevalence of this pathological abnormality in patients with pneumothorax requiring surgical treatment.
Nontraumatic determination of left ventricular ejection fraction by radionuclide angiocardiography.
Authors: H R Schelbert, J W Verba, A D Johnson, G W Brock, N P Alazraki, F J Rose, W L Ashburn
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Previous reports have suggested that left ventricular ejection fraction can be assessed by recording the passage of peripherally administered radioactive bolus through the heart. The accuracy and validity of this technique were examined in 20 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. 99m-Tc-human serum albumin was injected via a central venous catheter into the superior vena cava and precordial activity recorded with a gamma scintillation camera interfaced to a small digital computer. A computer program was designed to generate time-activity curves from the left ventricular blood pool and to calculate left ventricular ejection fractions from the cyclic fluctuations of the left ventricular time-activity curve which correspond to left ventricular volume changes during each cardiac cycle. The results correlated well with those obtained by biplane cineangiocardiography (r equals 0.94) and indicated that the technique should allow accurate and reproducible determination of left ventricular ejection fraction. The findings, however, demonstrated that the time-activity curve must be generated from a region-of-interest which fits the left ventricular blood pool precisely and must be corrected for contributions arising from noncardiac background structures. This nontraumatic and potentially noninvasive technique appears particularly useful for serial evaluation of the acutely ill patient and for follow-up studies in nonhospitalized patients.
Renal and Bone Marrow Cells Fuse after Renal Ischemic Injury
Authors: Ling Li, Phu Truong, Peter Igarashi, Fangming Lin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

After acute kidney injury, bone marrow cells contribute to renal repair by converting into renal cells, but the mechanism of this conversion is not well understood. To determine whether cell fusion between bone marrow cells and injured renal cells plays a role, we subjected female mice expressing
Press: Cannabis the wonder drug?
Authors: T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

At a secret location in the home counties of England, 15 000 cannabis plants are being grown quite legally. They are being bred from strains whose names—Hindu Kush, Skunk, Northern Lights, Gloria—are redolent of the Amsterdam coffee house scene. Their psychoactive seed heads, which stand over two metres high, are carefully studied—but never smoked. For these plants are being cultivated as part of the world's first commercial trial of medicinal cannabis.

The company behind the trial, GW Pharmaceuticals, based at Porton Down Science Park in Wiltshire, has had a rather good fortnight. Firstly, the home secretary, David Blunkett, announced on 23 October that the government would liberalise the law concerning possession and use of cannabis. He also indicated that he would be ready to license cannabis for medicinal use to treat multiple sclerosis and other conditions as soon as research trials were completed. Most commentators (including, albeit grudgingly, the Daily Mail leader writers) seemed to approve. On 24 October shares in GW Pharmaceuticals …
EGFR-TKI and lung adenocarcinoma with CNS relapse: interest of molecular follow-up
Authors: A-M. Ruppert, M. Beau-Faller, A. Neuville, E. Guerin, A-C. Voegeli, B. Mennecier, M. Legrain, A. Molard, M-Y. Jeung, M-P. Gaub, P. Oudet, E. Quoix
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) erlotinib improves survival of lung cancer as second- or third-line therapy. However, after an initial response, most patients will recur, particularly within the central nervous system. The present study reports the case of a 27-yr-old nonsmoking male presenting with a metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR exon 19 deletion, associated with sensitivity to EGFR-TKI. Gefitinib, followed by chemotherapy and finally erlotinib resulted in prolonged disease control, until multiple liver metastases were detected. After stopping EGFR-TKI, brain metastases with carcinomatous meningitis were diagnosed. A secondary T790M mutation, associated with resistance to EGFR-TKI, was found on the liver biopsy but not in the cerebrospinal fluid. Erlotinib was reintroduced and allowed a quick neurological improvement, even though the extra-cranial disease remained resistant to erlotinib. The present report underscores the interest of molecular monitoring in lung cancer. Persistent cerebral tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitivity should be considered in patients presenting with an early central nervous system relapse after stopping epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, even with a T790M-resistant mutation in noncerebral metastases. Questions remain concerning the selection of sub-clones during epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, which could differ according to metastatic sites, especially in the central nervous system.
Influence of treatment duration with a 600-mg dose of clopidogrel before percutaneous coronary revascularization
Authors: David E. Kandzari, Peter B. Berger, Adnan Kastrati, Steven R. Steinhubl, Julinda Mehilli, Franz Dotzer, Jurriën M. ten Berg, Franz-Josef Neumann, Hildegard Bollwein, Josef Dirschinger, Albert Schömig
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Risky Decision Making, Prefrontal Cortex, and Mesocorticolimbic Functional Connectivity in Methamphetamine Dependence
Authors: Milky Kohno, Angelica M. Morales, Dara G. Ghahremani, Gerhard Hellemann, Edythe D. London
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Various neuropsychiatric disorders, especially addictions, feature impairments in risky decision making; clarifying the neural mechanisms underlying this problem can inform treatment.To determine how methamphetamine-dependent and control participants differ in brain activation during a risky decision-making task, resting-state functional connectivity within mesolimbic and executive control circuits, and the relationships between these measures.A case-control, functional magnetic resonance imaging study of methamphetamine-dependent and healthy comparison participants at rest and when performing the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, which involves the choice to pump a balloon or to cash out in the context of uncertain risk. Conducted at a clinical research center at an academic institution, this study involved 25 methamphetamine-dependent and 27 control participants.Parametric modulation of activation in the striatum and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC; ie, the degree to which activation changed as a linear function of risk and potential reward), both indexed by pump number, and resting-state functional connectivity, measured in the whole brain with seeds in the midbrain and rDLPFC. Relationships between these outcomes were also tested.Parametric modulation of cortical and striatal activation by pump number during risk taking differed with group. It was stronger in the ventral striatum but weaker in the rDLPFC in methamphetamine-dependent participants than control individuals. Methamphetamine-dependent participants also exhibited greater resting-state functional connectivity of the midbrain with the putamen, amygdala, and hippocampus (P < .05, whole brain, cluster corrected). This connectivity was negatively related to modulation of rDLPFC activation by risk level during risky decision making. In control participants, parametric modulation of rDLPFC activation by risk during decision making was positively related to resting-state functional connectivity of the rDLPFC with the striatum.Maladaptive decision making by methamphetamine users may reflect circuit-level dysfunction, underlying deficits in task-based activation. Heightened resting-state connectivity within the mesocorticolimbic system, coupled with reduced prefrontal cortical connectivity, may create a bias toward reward-driven behavior over cognitive control in methamphetamine users. Interventions to improve this balance may enhance treatments for stimulant dependence and other disorders that involve maladaptive decision making.
Lumbar osteotomy for correction of thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity in ankylosing spondylitis. A structured review of three methods of treatment
Authors: B J Van Royen, A De Gast
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> Three operative techniques have been described to correct thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity (TLKD) resulting from ankylosing spondylitis (AS) at the level of the lumbar spine: opening wedge osteotomy, polysegmental wedge osteotomies, and closing wedge osteotomy. Little knowledge exists on the indication for, and outcome of these corrective lumbar osteotomies. <h3>METHODS</h3> A structured review of the medical literature was performed. <h3>RESULTS</h3> A search of the literature revealed 856 patients reported in 41 articles published between 1945 and 1998. The mean age at time of operation was 41 years, male-female ratio 7.5 to 1. In 451 patients an open wedge osteotomy was performed. Polysegmental wedge osteotomies were performed in 249 patients and a closing wedge osteotomy in 156 patients. Most of the studies primarily focus on the surgical technique. Technical outcome data were poorly reported. Sixteen reports, including 523 patients, met the inclusion criteria of this study, and could be analysed for technical outcome data. The average correction achieved with each surgical techniques ranged from 37 to 40 degrees. Loss of correction was mainly reported in patients treated by open wedge osteotomy and polysegmental wedge osteotomies. Neurological complications were reported in all three techniques. The perioperative mortality was 4%. Pulmonary, cardiac and intestinal problems were found to be the major cause of fatal complications. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Lumbar osteotomy for correction of TLKD resulting from AS is a major surgery. The indication for these lumbar osteotomies as well as the degree of correction in the lumbar spine has not yet been established. Furthermore, there is a need for a generally accepted clinical score that encompasses accurate preoperative and postoperative assessment of the spinal deformity. The results of this review suggest that the data from the literature are not suitable for decision making with regard to surgical treatment of TLKD resulting from AS.
Let the hair sit
Authors: Liam Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Any time that I hear the word “tradition,” I want to throw up. Traditional is another word for outmoded, narrow minded, tacky, obsolete, kitsch. As living proof, walk into any Olde Tyme shop which sells Traditional Arts and Crafts and have a look around: baskets made out of reeds marinated in dead otter phlegm; useless ornaments sculpted in irritating tweed; pathetically unfashionable and impractical Aran sweaters. It's all shite, isn't it? No one but the most gullible idiot would actually buy …