tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical demonstration of substance P-containing nerve fibres in glomus tumours
Authors: S. KISHIMOTO, H. NAGATANI, A. MIYASHITA, K. KOBAYASHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Substance P (SP), S-100 protein, methionine-enkephalin, serotonin and myelin basic protein were studied in two solitary glomus tumours of the skin by peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry. Multiple SP-containing nerve fibres were distributed in the parenchyma of the tumour among proliferating glomus cells, and in the oedematous stroma of the tumour. Positive staining for myelin basic protein was detected in nerve fascicles in the capsule of the tumour, but not within the glomus tumour. S-100 protein immunoreactivity was found in nerve fascicles in the capsule of the tumour, and in addition, a few cells positive for S-100 protein were scattered throughout the stroma of the tumour. No positive staining for methionine-enkephalin and serotonin was found. The present finding may explain the clinical experience that the tumour is tender and can cause severe paroxysmal pain, because SP is known to be a primary sensory afferent neurotransmitter for mediating nociception. A possible role of SP for vasodilation in the glomus tumour is also discussed.
Spontaneous airway obstruction masks FeNO level in patients with asthma but not COPD
Authors: Haijin Zhao, Rui Li, Zhengyu Liang, Shaoxi Cai
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Background  Airway calibers are related to changes in Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in asthma; however, this effect is not well understood especially during spontaneous airway obstruction.   Objective  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether FeNO levels could be masked by airway obstruction in patients wit asthma and COPD.   Methods  FeNO and spirometry measurements were performed before and after albuterol inhalation in 20 steroid-naive asthmatics with moderate to severe airway obstruction. For comparison, 15 normal subjects, 16 asthmatics using inhaled corticosteroids/ long-acting β(2)-adrenoceptor agonist(ICS/LABA combination) and another group of patients with COPD were also studied. All the patients with asthma and COPD recruited had positive bronchodilator test (BDT).   Results  FeNO(median [25th-75th percentiles]) increased significantly after albuterol inhalation in steroid-naive asthmatics 61.50[40.50-85.00]vs.80.00[53.00-108.00],  P =0.000) but not in treated asthmatics 27.50[20.25-35.00] vs 25.00[17.25-38.00],  P =0.741), COPD 13.00[9.50-22.00] vs.11.00[6.50-16.00],  P =0.017) and normal subjects 11.00[8.00-14.00] vs.11.00[8.00-13.00],  P =0.424). The absolute increase in FeNO correlated significantly with the absolute increase in FEV1( r =0.48,  P =0.000) in whole asthma patients. There was no significant correlation between FeNO (including pre-and post-bronchodilator) and FEV1 (or FEV1%) in all four groups.   Conclusions & Clinical Relevance  Spontaneous airway obstruction reduces FeNO level in patients with steroid-naive asthma but not treated asthma and COPD.
Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Bruce E. Compas, Sarah S. Jaser, Madeleine J. Dunn, Erin M. Rodriguez
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2012)

Chronic illnesses and medical conditions present millions of children and adolescents with significant stress that is associated with risk for emotional and behavioral problems and interferes with adherence to treatment regimens. We review research on the role of child and adolescent coping with stress as an important feature of the process of adaptation to illness. Recent findings support a control-based model of coping that includes primary control or active coping (efforts to act on the source of stress or one's emotions), secondary control or accommodative coping (efforts to adapt to the source of stress), and disengagement or passive coping (efforts to avoid or deny the stressor). Evidence suggests the efficacy of secondary control coping in successful adaptation to chronic illness in children and adolescents, disengagement coping is associated with poorer adjustment, and findings for primary control coping are mixed. Avenues for future research are highlighted.
Podocyte Glutamatergic Signaling Contributes to the Function of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier
Authors: Laura Giardino, Silvia Armelloni, Alessandro Corbelli, Deborah Mattinzoli, Cristina Zennaro, Dominique Guerrot, Fabien Tourrel, Masami Ikehata, Min Li, Silvia Berra, Michele Carraro, Piergiorgio Messa, Maria P. Rastaldi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

Podocytes possess the complete machinery for glutamatergic signaling, raising the possibility that neuron-like signaling contributes to glomerular function. To test this, we studied mice and cells lacking Rab3A, a small GTPase that regulates glutamate exocytosis. In addition, we blocked the glutamate ionotropic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) with specific antagonists. In mice, the absence of Rab3A and blockade of NMDAR both associated with an increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. In humans, NMDAR blockade, obtained by addition of ketamine to general anesthesia, also had an albuminuric effect. In vitro, Rab3A-null podocytes displayed a dysregulated release of glutamate with higher rates of spontaneous exocytosis, explained by a reduction in Rab3A effectors resulting in freedom of vesicles from the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, NMDAR antagonism led to profound cytoskeletal remodeling and redistribution of nephrin in cultured podocytes; the addition of the agonist NMDA reversed these changes. In summary, these results suggest that glutamatergic signaling driven by podocytes contributes to the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and that derangements in this signaling may lead to proteinuric renal diseases.
Interaction of Angiotensin II and Mechanical Stretch on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production by Human Mesangial Cells
Authors: GABRIELLA GRUDEN, STEPHEN THOMAS, DAVINA BURT, WUDIN ZHOU, GARY CHUSNEY, LUIGI GNUDI, GIANCARLO VIBERTI
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1999)

Abstract. The antiproteinuric effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors underscores the importance of a hemodynamic injury and the renin-angiotensin system in the proteinuria of various glomerular diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent promoter of vascular permeability, is induced in mesangial cells by both mechanical stretch and TGF-β1. This study investigates the effect of TGF-β blockade, angiotensin II (AngII), and the interaction between AngII and stretch on human mesangial cell VEGF production. Exposure to AngII (1 μM) induced a significant increase in VEGF mRNA and protein levels (1.5 ± 0.1 and 1.7 ± 0.3, respectively, fold increase over control, P &lt; 0.05). The AngII receptor (AT1) antagonist Losartan (10 μM) prevented AngII-induced, but not stretch-induced, VEGF protein secretion (AngII 1.7 ± 0.3, AngII + Losartan 1.0 ± 0.1, P &lt; 0.05; stretch 2.4 ± 0.4, stretch + Losartan 2.6 ± 0.5). Stretch-induced VEGF production was also unaffected by the addition of an anti-TGF-β neutralizing antibody (stretch 2.85 ± 0.82 versus stretch + anti-TGF-β 2.84 ± 0.01, fold increase over control). Simultaneous exposure to both AngII and stretch for 12 h had an additive effect on VEGF production (AngII 1.6 ± 0.1, stretch 2.6 ± 0.27, AngII + stretch 3.1 ± 0.35). Conversely, preexposure to stretch magnified AngII-induced VEGF protein secretion (unstretched + AngII 1.3 ± 0.0, stretched + AngII 1.9 ± 0.1, P &lt; 0.01) with a parallel 1.5-fold increase in AT1 receptor levels. AngII and stretch can both independently induce VEGF production; in addition, mechanical stretch upregulates the AT1 receptor, enhancing the cellular response to AngII.
Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 as Therapeutic Targets in Bone Diseases
Authors: Hua Zhu Ke, William G. Richards, Xiaodong Li, Michael S. Ominsky
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2012)

The processes of bone growth, modeling, and remodeling determine the structure, mass, and biomechanical properties of the skeleton. Dysregulated bone resorption or bone formation may lead to metabolic bone diseases. The Wnt pathway plays an important role in bone formation and regeneration, and expression of two Wnt pathway inhibitors, sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), appears to be associated with changes in bone mass. Inactivation of sclerostin leads to substantially increased bone mass in humans and in genetically manipulated animals. Studies in various animal models of bone disease have shown that inhibition of sclerostin using a monoclonal antibody (Scl-Ab) increases bone formation, density, and strength. Additional studies show that Scl-Ab improves bone healing in models of bone repair. Inhibition of DKK1 by monoclonal antibody (DKK1-Ab) stimulates bone formation in younger animals and to a lesser extent in adult animals and enhances fracture healing. Thus, sclerostin and DKK1 are emerging as the leading new targets for anabolic therapies to treat bone diseases such as osteoporosis and for bone repair. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the effects of Scl-Ab and DKK1-Ab in humans for the treatment of bone loss and for bone repair.
A low-fluence 1064-nm Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser for the treatment of café-au-lait macules
Authors: Hyeong-Rae Kim, Jeong-Min Ha, Min-Soo Park, Young Lee, Young-Joon Seo, Chang-Deok Kim, Jeung-Hoon Lee, Myung Im
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Nox1 NADPH oxidase is necessary for late but not early myocardial ischaemic preconditioning
Authors: Shuxia Jiang, Jennifer Streeter, Brandon M. Schickling, Kathy Zimmerman, Robert M. Weiss, Francis J. Miller
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) is an adaptive mechanism that renders the myocardium resistant to injury from subsequent hypoxia. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to both the early and late phases of IPC, their enzymatic source and associated signalling events have not yet been understood completely. Our objective was to investigate the role of the Nox1 NADPH oxidase in cardioprotection provided by IPC. Wild-type (WT) and Nox1-deficient mice were treated with three cycles of brief coronary occlusion and reperfusion, followed by prolonged occlusion either immediately (early IPC) or after 24 h (late IPC). Nox1 deficiency had no impact on the cardioprotection afforded by early IPC. In contrast, deficiency of Nox1 during late IPC resulted in a larger infarct size, cardiac remodelling, and increased myocardial apoptosis compared with WT hearts. Furthermore, expression of Nox1 in WT hearts increased in response to late IPC. Deficiency of Nox1 abrogated late IPC-mediated activation of cardiac nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and induction of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the heart and circulation. Finally, knockdown of Nox1 in cultured cardiomyocytes prevented TNF-α induction of NF-κB and the protective effect of IPC on hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Our data identify a critical role for Nox1 in late IPC and define a previously unrecognized link between TNF-α and NF-κB in mediating tolerance to myocardial injury. These findings have clinical significance considering the emergence of Nox1 inhibitors for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Attitudes of Patients With Incurable Cancer Toward Medical Treatment in the Last Phase of Life
Authors: Elsbeth Voogt, Agnes van der Heide, Judith A.C. Rietjens, Anna F. van Leeuwen, Adriaan P. Visser, Carin C.D. van der Rijt, Paul J. van der Maas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

When cancer has advanced to a stage in which cure becomes unlikely, patients may have to consider the aim of further treatment. We studied the relationship of patients' attitudes toward treatment with advance care planning and the development of these attitudes after diagnosis of incurable cancer.Patients with incurable cancer were interviewed and asked to fill out a written questionnaire about their attitudes concerning life-prolonging treatment and end-of-life decision making. These questions were repeated after 6 and 12 months.One hundred twenty-two patients (mean age, 64 years; standard deviation, 10.5 years; 53% women) participated in the study. Patients' attitudes toward treatment could be categorized into the following three different profiles: striving for quality of life, striving for length of life, and no clear preference. Patients who were older, more tired, or had less positive feelings and patients who had more often taken initiatives to engage in advance care planning were more inclined to strive for quality of life than others. Patients with a history of cancer of less than 6 months were more inclined to prefer life prolongation than patients with a longer history of cancer. During follow-up, no changes in attitudes toward treatment were found, except for patients with a short history of cancer in whom the inclination to strive for length decreased.Patients who appreciate advance care planning were more inclined to strive for quality of life than other patients. Shortly after the diagnosis of cancer, patients typically seem to prefer life-prolonging treatment, whereas quality of life becomes more important when death is nearing.
C4d Deposition in Acute Rejection
Authors: Andrew M. Herzenberg, John S. Gill, Ognjenka Djurdjev, Alex B. Magil
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. Peritubular capillary deposition of C4d has been demonstrated to be associated with both acute humoral and vascular rejection and increased graft loss. Whether it is an independent predictor of long-term graft survival rates is uncertain. The biopsies (n = 126) from all patients (n = 93) with a tissue diagnosis of acute rejection that were performed between July 1, 1995, and December 31, 1997, were classified according to Cooperative Clinical Trials in Transplantation (CCTT) criteria. Fresh frozen tissue was immunostained for C4d. There were 58 patients with CCTT type I (interstitial) rejection and 35 with CCTT type II (vascular) rejection. For 34 patients, at least one biopsy exhibited peritubular C4d deposition (C4d+ group). The C4d+ group had proportionately more female patients (P = 0.003), more patients with high (>30%) panel-reactive antibody levels (P = 0.024), more patients with resistance to conventional antirejection therapy (P = 0.010), and fewer patients with postrejection hypertension (P = 0.021) and exhibited a greater rate of graft loss (38 versus 7%, P = 0.001). Peritubular C4d deposition was associated with significantly lower graft survival rates in the CCTT type I rejection group (P = 0.003) and the CCTT type II rejection group (P = 0.003). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that peritubular C4d deposition (P = 0.0002), donor age (P = 0.0002), cold ischemic time (P = 0.0211), and HLA matches (P = 0.0460) were significant independent determinants of graft survival rates. Peritubular C4d deposition is a significant predictor of graft survival rates and is independent of histologic rejection type and a variety of clinical prognostic factors.
Lumbar Sympathectomy in the Treatment of Hypertensive Ischemic Ulcers of the Leg (Martorell's Syndrome)
Authors: J. PALOU
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Hypertensive ischemic ulcer (Martorell's syndrome) is an infrequent complication of hypertensive disease. The ulcers appear on the leg as necrotic areas. The pathogenesis is described as ischemia resulting in local gangrene due to obliterating lesions in the arterioles. Actual pathological sections were studied which showed hyaline degeneration between the endothelium and internal elastic lamina, and these changes are similar to those found in other localities in hypertensive patients. Lumbar sympathectomy results in healing of the ulcers.
A Prospective Study of Tomato Products, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer Risk
Authors: E. Giovannucci
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Background: Some data, including our findings from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) from 1986 through January 31, 1992, suggest that frequent intake of tomato products or lycopene, a carotenoid from tomatoes, is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer. Overall, however, the data are inconclusive. We evaluated additional data from the HPFS to determine if the association would persist. Methods: We ascertained prostate cancer cases from 1986 through January 31, 1998, among 47 365 HPFS participants who completed dietary questionnaires in 1986, 1990, and 1994. We used pooled logistic regression to compute multivariate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: From 1986 through January 31, 1998, 2481 men in the study developed prostate cancer. Results for the period from 1992 through 1998 confirmed our previous findings—that frequent tomato or lycopene intake was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. Similarly, for the entire period of 1986 through 1998, using the cumulative average of the three dietary questionnaires, lycopene intake was associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (RR for high versus low quintiles = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.96; Ptrend = .003); intake of tomato sauce, the primary source of bioavailable lycopene, was associated with an even greater reduction in prostate cancer risk (RR for 2+ servings/week versus <1 serving/month = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.66 to 0.90; Ptrend<.001), especially for extraprostatic cancers (RR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.42 to 0.99). These associations persisted in analyses controlling for fruit and vegetable consumption and for olive oil use (a marker for Mediterranean diet) and were observed separately in men of Southern European or other Caucasian ancestry. Conclusion: Frequent consumption of tomato products is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. The magnitude of the association was moderate enough that it could be missed in a small study or one with substantial errors in measurement or based on a single dietary assessment.
Diaphragm electromyogram measured with unilateral magnetic stimulation
Authors: YM Luo, LC Johnson, MI Polkey, ML Harris, RA Lyall, M Green, J Moxham
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The purpose of this study was to establish the phrenic nerve conduction time (PNCT) for magnetic stimulation and further assess the relatively new technique of anterior unilateral magnetic stimulation (UMS) of the phrenic nerves in evaluating the diaphragm electromyogram (EMG). An oesophageal electrode was used to record the diaphragm compound muscle action potential (CMAP) elicited by supramaximal percutaneous electrical phrenic nerve stimulation (ES) and UMS from eight normal subjects. The oesophageal electrode used for recording the CMAP was positioned at the level of the hiatus and 3 cm below. The diaphragm CMAP was also recorded from chest wall surface electrodes in five subjects. All of the phrenic nerves could be maximally stimulated with UMS. A clear plateau of the amplitude of the CMAP was achieved for the right and left phrenic nerves. The mean amplitudes of the CMAP recorded from the oesophageal electrode were, for the right side, 0.74+/-0.29 mV (mean+SD) for ES and 0.76+/-0.30 mV for UMS with maximal power output, and for the left side 0.88+/-0.33 mV for ES and 0.80+/-0.24 mV for UMS. PNCT measured by the oesophageal electrode with ES and UMS with maximal output were, for the right side, 7.0+/-0.8 ms and 6.9+/-0.8 ms, respectively, and for the left side 7.8+/-1.2 ms and 7.7+/-1.3 ms, respectively. However, the CMAP recorded from chest wall surface electrodes with UMS was unsuitable for the measurement of PNCT. The results suggest that unilateral magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves combined with an oesophageal electrode can be used to assess diaphragmatic electrical activity and measure the phrenic nerve conduction time.
The prognostic role of post-induction FDG-PET in patients with follicular lymphoma: a subset analysis from the FOLL05 trial of the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL)
Authors: S. Luminari, I. Biasoli, A. Versari, S. Rattotti, C. Bottelli, C. Rusconi, F. Merli, M. Spina, A.J.M. Ferreri, P.L. Zinzani, A. Gallamini, A. Franceschetto, C. Boccomini, S. Franceschetti, F. Salvi, F.D. Raimondo, A.M. Carella, Q. Micol, M. Balzarotti, P. Musto, M. Federico
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Children's Atopy and Mastocytosis in the Nasal Smear
Authors: M. Kajosaari, A. Backman, E. Holopainen
Journal: Allergy (1981)

Nasal secretion samples from 473 children aged 0--15 years were studied in order to evaluate the role of mast cells in the nasal smear in different types of atopy and food allergy. The occurrence of eosinophils in the nasal secretion and in the blood, and susceptibility to upper respiratory infection were recorded. A mast cell count of more than 20 cells per slide was indicative of atopy and there was a clear correlation between eosinophilia and mastocytosis in the nasal smear. No type of allergy seemed to be significantly predominant in the total material, but in young children aged 0--3 years mastocytosis was clearly related to food allergy. The examination of nasal smears for mast cells is a valuable test in diagnosing atopy in children and especially food allergy among young children. However, the test is not reliable enough to be used as a single screening test.
PRODUCTION OF PROTEINASE BY HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI IN VARIOUS CLINICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Sidney Rothbard, Edgar W. Todd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

The proteinase activity of strains of group A streptococci isolated from patients in acute and convalescent phases of illness was found to be remarkably constant. Sulfadiazine therapy of patients did not affect proteinase production by the infecting streptococci. The ability to produce streptococcal proteinase would appear to be related to the strain and not necessarily to the serological type. No relationship could be found between the capacity of group A streptococci of different serological types to produce proteinase and the various clinical responses to infection with these microorganisms.
Biomarkers for EGFR-Antagonist Response: In the Genes and on the Genes!
Authors: Hariharan Easwaran, Stephen B. Baylin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Patients with non–small cell lung carcinoma containing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–activating mutations benefit from EGFR-antagonist therapy. EGFR-antagonist sensitivity is also correlated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which Walter and colleagues show to be marked by DNA-methylation changes. If validated, these markers could help identify patients with wild-type EGFR who will benefit from EGFR therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 18(8); 2121–3. ©2012 AACR.