tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1338: Blockage of nucleocytoplasmic transport by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) induces autophagy and cell death
Authors: Tsung-Lin Tsai, Chun-Hua Hung, Hao-Chen Wang, Dar-Bin Shieh, Wu-Chou Su, Chien-Chung Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a primary conduit for cellular communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm, which is essential for cellular survival and proliferation. During carcinogenesis, many oncoproteins are activated and have to send their signals into nucleus to regulate gene expression. In response to the signals, many genes are upregulated, which results in transcription of many RNA. Because both inward of transcriptional factors and outward of RNAs require interaction of these molecules with NPC, blockage of NPC may provoke serious cellular distress. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), a lectin that specifically binds to N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid (NeuNAc) residues on the cell surface, was reported to disrupt the function of NPC via interaction with POM121. We found that FITC-WGA had located around the cell membrane 0.5 hour after administration to culture media and reached the paranuclear region 4 hours later. The accumulation of WGA around the nucleus subsequently induced a nucleocytoplasmic transport blockage that prevented export of tRNA and import of signaling proteins (NF-κB and Nrf2) into the nucleus. Beyond the concentration of 5 μg/ml, WGA dose- and time-dependently induced cell death in HeLa, SiHa and CaSKi cell lines. The SiHa cells had more intake of WGA than HeLa and CaSKi cells did and became more sensitive to WGA treatment compared to the other two cells. After treatment with WGA in the three cells, we observed that the expression of autophagic markers (ATG5, ATG7 and LC3) are induced in 24 hours and last to 96 hours. On the contrary, the apoptotic protein caspases 3 and downstream substrates, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were only marginally induced. Furthermore, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging disclosed multi-membrane vesicles (autophagosomes and autolysosomes) inside the cytoplasm after WGA treatment, confirming that the autophagy response was fully induced. These findings suggest that blockage of NPC by WGA may induced autophagy-related cell death and targeting NPC may be warranting further development into a new anti-cancer modality. Citation Format: Tsung-Lin Tsai, Chun-Hua Hung, Hao-Chen Wang, Dar-Bin Shieh, Wu-Chou Su, Chien-Chung Lin. Blockage of nucleocytoplasmic transport by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) induces autophagy and cell death. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1338. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1338
Frusemid-induced pancreatitis.
Authors: N Buchanan, R D Cane
Journal: BMJ (1977)

much lcss than that of a HBeAg-positive mother.It is of particular interest that the child born to our anti-HBe-positive carrier mother and the case reported previously both developed an acute infection, in contrast to children of HBeAGpositive mothers, who became asymptomatic carriers.The only evidence of hepatitis B infection in these children after elimination of antigen was the presence of antibody.It is thus necessary to perform serial screen- ing on children born to HBsAg-positive mothers, for anti-HBs as well as HBsAg, in any study of e anti-e as a possible marker for vertical transmission.
Parity and the Association With Diabetes in Older Women
Authors: Angela G. Fowler-Brown, Ian H. de Boer, Janet M. Catov, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Aruna Kamineni, Lewis H. Kuller, David S. Siscovick, Kenneth J. Mukamal
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of parity with diabetes and markers of glucose homeostasis in older women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used data from the female participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a longitudinal cohort of adults aged ≥65 years. These data included an assessment of parity (baseline) and fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, and medication use (baseline and follow-up). We estimated both the cross-sectional relationship of parity with baseline diabetes and the relationship of parity with incident diabetes. RESULTS In unadjusted analyses, women with grand multiparity (≥5 live births) had a higher prevalence of diabetes at baseline compared with those with fewer births and with nulliparous women (25 vs. 12 vs. 15%; P &amp;lt; 0.001). In regression models controlling for age and race, grand multiparity was associated with increased prevalence of diabetes (prevalence ratio 1.57 [95% CI 1.20–2.06]); with addition of demographic and clinical factors to the model, the association was attenuated (1.33 [1.00–1.77]). In final models that included body anthropometrics, the association was no longer significant (1.21 [0.86–1.49]). In those without diabetes at baseline, parity was not associated with incident diabetes or with fasting glucose; however, there was a modest association of parity with fasting insulin and homeostasis assessment model of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Grand multiparity is associated with diabetes in elderly women in cross-sectional analyses. This relationship seems to be confounded and/or mediated by variation in body weight and sociodemographic factors by parity status. In older nondiabetic women, higher parity does not pose an ongoing risk of developing diabetes.
Acute stroke units and early CT scans are linked to lower in-hospital mortality rates
Authors: Brian Jarman, Paul Aylin, Alex Bottle
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Dr Foster's case notesAcute stroke units and early CT scans are linked to lower in-hospital mortality ratesThe value of specialist stroke units and early scans for stroke patients is recognised in the United Kingdom and many other countries.However, most stroke patients treated by the NHS do not currently receive this level of care.There is evidence that this is leading to unnecessarily high death rates.Dr Foster collected data on hospital treatment of stroke patients from 132 out of 172 NHS acute trusts across England in 2001, including information on whether or not hospitals had stroke units, the type of stroke unit, and whether or not the hospital ensured early CT scans for all stroke patients.We calculated odds ratios of deaths, adjusted for age, sex, and length of stay, for individual NHS trusts.Hospitals with acute stroke units and those that scanned patients within 48 hours showed significant improvement.Units that scanned patients within 24 hours did not show improvement, but there were relatively few of these (n = 39).
A Case of Imperfect Abortion: Sapraemia: Recovery
Authors: W. S. A. Griffith
Journal: BMJ (1886)

be correctly diagnosed in these cases, this is sufficient for every prac- tical purpose.But ovarian abscess or cystoma of the ovary in an early stage, the associated tube remaining normal, needs rather careful differential diagnosis from a distended tube.I hSve found the chief point of difference to be this; that, in cyst or abscess of the ovary, a space can be found between the tumour and the uterus 'unoccupied by any swelling; in distension of the Fallopian tube, the tumour is con- tinuous with the uterus.By this means I have on two or three occa- sions diagnosed a cystic condition of the ovary only, when tubal disease has been expected: a diagnosis which has been confirmed by operation.
Enhanced modifications of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) by endothelial cells from smokers: a possible mechanism of smoking-related atherosclerosis
Authors: M.A. Pech-Amsellem, I. Myara, M. Storogenko, K. Demuth, A. Proust, N. Moatti
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate LDL modifications by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) from women smokers and non-smokers. Methods: Modifications of LDL by HUVEC were studied by determining the values of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and the percentage of the most electronegative oxidized LDL fraction (fraction C) by using an ion-exchange chromatographic method based on fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). We also studied the cellular production of superoxide anion, the effect of various inhibitors and cysteine, and determined total intracellular glutathione content and cell growth. Results: LDL exposed to HUVEC from smokers for 48 h showed significantly greater modifications than LDL exposed to HUVEC from non-smokers, as assessed by TBARS determination (19.4 ± 1.2, mean ± s.e.m., n = 20 versus 15.4 ± 0.7 nmol/mg LDL, n = 19; P < 0.01) and by FPLC (percentage of fraction C: 39 ± 7, n = 29 versus 14 ± 3, n = 34; P < 0.001). Moreover, HUVEC from smokers produced significantly more superoxide anion than those from non-smokers (0.46 ± 0.13 nmol/105 cell/min, n = 9 versus 0.22 ± 0.05, n = 10; P < 0.05). Superoxide production, like cell-induced modification of LDL, was strongly dependent on the presence of cysteine in the medium. Furthermore, HUVEC from smokers had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher total intracellular glutathione content than those from non-smokers (39.9 ± 3.1 nmol/mg, n = 9 versus 31.8 ± 2.2, n = 7). Finally, HUVEC from smokers and non-smokers showed similar growth at 48 h. Conclusion: HUVEC from smokers converted significantly more LDL into an atherogenic form than HUVEC from non-smokers, a phenomenon that was not due to altered cell growth. HUVEC-mediated LDL modifications were strongly thiol-dependent, as both LDL modifications and superoxide anion production were inhibited in cysteine-free medium. Stimulation of cystine uptake by HUVEC, reflected by the enhanced total glutathione content, could account for the enhanced superoxide anion production. All these observations may be relevant to the pathophysiology of smoking-related cardiovascular disease.
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO
Authors: Duane L. Peavy, Carl W. Pierce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

The effects of soluble concanavalin A (Con A) or Con A-activated spleen cells on the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes (CL) in mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) were examined. Mitogenic concentrations of soluble Con A or small numbers of Con A-activated spleen cells substantially inhibited CL responses. The suppression was partial rather than absolute and was critically dependent upon the concentration and time of addition of soluble Con A or Con A-activated spleen cells to the MLC. Suppressive effects of Con-A activated spleen cells were mediated by T cells since suppressor cell activity was abrogated by treatment of spleen cells with anti-theta serum and complement before or after Con A activation. X irradiation of spleen cells before Con A treatment also abrogated generation of suppressor cell activity. After activation by Con A, however, the function of suppressor cells was radioresistant. Although the precise mechanism(s) of suppression is, as yet, unknown, the precursors of CL must be exposed to Con A-activated cells during the early phases of the immune response for suppression to occur. Kinetic studies revealed that suppression of CL responses was not due to a failure to initiate an immune response, but represented a response which developed initially, but subsequently aborted. The relevance of these observations to the concepts of T-cell-T-cell interaction and regulatory control of immune responses by T cells is discussed.
Clinical Lectures on Antisepticism in Sections and Resections
Authors: R. Barwell
Journal: BMJ (1877)

Relaxation of the renal arterioles is more likely to cause, albuminuria than their excessive contraction ; and the late Dr. Warburton Begbie published some cases in which he believed that the urine became albu- minous in consequence of vaso-motor paralysis, resulting in an increased afflux of blood to the Malpighian capillaries.This view, too, is confirmed by the results of experiments.Vulpian (vol.i, p. 534) describes the effect of dividing the left splanchnic nerve of a dog just above the kidney.The renal arterioles being paralysed, the kidney at once becomes congested, red, and swollen, the quantity of urine excreted by that kidney is increased, and it becomes highly albuminous.The galvanisation of the distal end of the divided nerve stimulates the renal arterioles to contract, and the red and congested kidney gradually becomes pale.Contraction of the systemic arterioles in general, with relaxation of the renal arterioles, might cause capillary renal congestion and albu- minuria; but this is not the condition which exists in cases of chronic al- buminuria with high arterial tension.On the contrary, there is evidence that the renal arterioles in these cases are more firmly contracted and more decidedly hypertrophied than those of any other organ or tissue.An impediment to the circulation causing albuminuria must act in front of the Malpighian capillaries, so as to cause a backward engorge- ment and a transudation of serum through their walls into the urini- ferous tubes.Thus, Dr. George Robinson (Med.-Chir.Traits., vol.xxvi, p. 5 1) proved many years ago that a ligature on the renal vein of a living rabbit renders the urine albuminous, and even bloody.This ex- periment has been repeated by Frerichs and others with the same result.Bowman's demonstration of the structure of the Malpighian bodies and their connection with the uriniferous tubes rendered these results quite' intelligible.In like manner, distension of the convoluted tubes by mor- bid exudation within them may, by compressing the intertubular capil- laries, cause engorgement of the Malpighian capillaries and escape of serum through their walls.
VOLUMETRIC VERSUS PLANAR INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND ANALYSIS TO ASSESS SEVERITY OF CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT VASCULOPATHY
Authors: Kozo Okada, Hideki Kitahara, Kyuhachi Otagiri, Shigemitsu Tanaka, Yuhei Kobayashi, Paul Yock, Alan Yeung, Hannah Valantine, Kiran Khush, William Fearon, Peter Fitzgerald, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
CALR exon 9 mutations are somatically acquired events in familial cases of essential thrombocythemia or primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Elisa Rumi, Ashot S. Harutyunyan, Daniela Pietra, Jelena D. Milosevic, Ilaria C. Casetti, Marta Bellini, Nicole C. C. Them, Chiara Cavalloni, Virginia V. Ferretti, Chiara Milanesi, Tiina Berg, Emanuela Sant’Antonio, Emanuela Boveri, Cristiana Pascutto, Cesare Astori, Robert Kralovics, Mario Cazzola
Journal: Blood (2014)
The Changing Nature of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: S. B. Gusberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

A reappraisal of endometrial cancer over the past decade reveals: 1) new concepts in its pathologic nature; 2) increase in incidence; 3) acceptance of the theory of hormonal relation; and 4) acceptance of individualization of treatment. Although endometrial carcinoma is still thought of as a predominantly well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, an increase in more virulent tumors has been seen in recent years. These include: adenosquamous carcinoma; adenoacanthoma; mesodermal sarcomas; and adenometous hyperplasia. Women at high risk for these tumors include those suffering from obesity, infertility, failure of ovulation, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and those on long-term estrogen therapy. These women can be recognized and monitored by means of endometrial biopsy of the aspiration-curettage type. Adenomatous hyperplasia, the precursor of cancer, requires treatment with progestin or hysterectomy according to patient's age and reproductive status. Estrogens should be used only when indications are clear and in the smallest possible dose for the shortest period of time until the therapeutic goal is achieved. Aggressiveness of treatment should correspond to virulence of tumor. Dilatation and curettage under anesthesia should be used for clinical staging of endometrial cancer. Other means of treating endometrial cancers' include: total hysterectomy; bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy; iliac-aortic lymphadenectomy; pelvic irradiation; radical hysterectomy; chemotherapy, and a drug regimen (including cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, fluorouracil, megestrol acetate).
Expression of myeloid differentiation antigens on normal and malignant myeloid cells.
Authors: J D Griffin, J Ritz, L M Nadler, S F Schlossman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

A series of monoclonal antibodies have been characterized that define four surface antigens (MY3, MY4, MY7, and MY8) of human myeloid cells. They were derived from a fusion of the NS-1 plasmacytoma cell line with splenocytes from a mouse immunized with human acute myelomonocytic leukemia cells. MY3 and MY4 are expressed by normal monocytes and by greater than 90% of patients with acute monocytic leukemia or acute myelomonocytic leukemia, but are detected much less often on other types of myeloid leukemia. MY7 is expressed by granulocytes, monocytes, and 5% of normal bone marrow cells. 79% of all acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients tested (72 patients) express MY7 without preferential expression by any AML subtype. MY8 is expressed by normal monocytes, granulocytes, all peroxidase-positive bone marrow cells, and 50% of AML patients. MY3, MY4, and MY8 define myeloid differentiation antigens in that they are not detected on myeloid precursor cells and appear at discrete stages of differentiation. These antigens are not expressed by lymphocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, or lymphoid malignancies. The monoclonal antisera defining these antigens have been used to study differentiation of normal myeloid cells and malignant cell lines.
IMPACT OF GENDER ON PATTERNS OF DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY CESSATION AND NON-ADHERENCE: ONE-YEAR RESULTS FROM THE PATTERNS OF NON-ADHERENCE TO ANTI-PLATELET REGIMENS IN STENTED PATIENTS (PARIS), AN OBSERVATIONAL SINGLE-ARM STUDY
Authors: Nilusha Gukathasan, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Giora Weisz, Timothy Henry, Antonio Colombo, Usman Baber, Alaide Chieffo, C. Michael Gibson, Raj Vadde, Pushpam Bharathi, Samantha Sartori, Annapoorna Kini, Annamaria Iakovou, Mitchell Krucoff, Philippe Steg, Roxana Mehran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Src-family kinases play an essential role in differentiation signaling downstream of macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptors mediating persistent phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ2 and MAP kinases ERK1 and ERK2
Authors: C Bourgin-Hierle, S Gobert-Gosse, J Thérier, M-F Grasset, G Mouchiroud
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Effects of Serum Gamma Glutamyl Transferase Levels on Coronary Collateral Development in Patients with Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion
Authors: Bahadır Şarlı, Ahmet O Baktır, Hayrettin Sağlam, Hüseyin Arınç, Serkan Kurtul, Mahmut Akpek, Mehmet G Kaya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Processes affecting the remediation of chromium-contaminated sites.
Authors: C D Palmer, P R Wittbrodt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The remediation of chromium-contaminated sites requires knowledge of the processes that control the migration and transformation of chromium. Advection, dispersion, and diffusion are physical processes affecting the rate at which contaminants can migrate in the subsurface. Heterogeneity is an important factor that affects the contribution of each of these mechanisms to the migration of chromium-laden waters. Redox reactions, chemical speciation, adsorption/desorption phenomena, and precipitation/dissolution reactions control the transformation and mobility of chromium. The reduction of CrVI to CrIII can occur in the presence of ferrous iron in solution or in mineral phases, reduced sulfur compounds, or soil organic matter. At neutral to alkaline pH, the CrIII precipitates as amorphous hydroxides or forms complexes with organic matter. CrIII is oxidized by manganese dioxide, a common mineral found in many soils. Solid-phase precipitates of hexavalent chromium such as barium chromate can serve either as sources or sinks for CrVI. Adsorption of CrVI in soils increases with decreasing chromium concentration, making it more difficult to remove the chromium as the concentration decreases during pump-and-treat remediation. Knowledge of these chemical and physical processes is important in developing and selecting effective, cost-efficient remediation designs for chromium-contaminated sites.
Adult Bone Marrow–derived Cells Do Not Acquire Functional Attributes of Cardiomyocytes When Transplanted into Peri-infarct Myocardium
Authors: John A Scherschel, Mark H Soonpaa, Edward F Srour, Loren J Field, Michael Rubart
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

The cardiomyogenic potential of adult bone marrow (BM) cells after being directly transplanted into the ischemically injured heart remains a controversial issue. In this study, we investigated the ability of transplanted BM cells to develop intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) transients in response to membrane depolarization in situ. Low-density mononuclear (LDM) BM cells, c-kit-enriched (c-kit(enr)) BM cells, and highly enriched lin(-) c-kit(+) BM cells were obtained from adult transgenic mice ubiquitously expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), and injected into peri-infarct myocardiums of nontransgenic mice. After 9-10 days the mice were killed, and the hearts were removed, perfused in Langendorff mode, loaded with the calcium-sensitive fluorophore rhod-2, and subjected to two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy (TPLSM) to monitor action potential-induced [Ca(2+)](i) transients in EGFP-expressing donor-derived cells and non-expressing host cardiomyocytes. Whereas spontaneous and electrically evoked [Ca(2+)](i) transients were found to occur synchronously in host cardiomyocytes along the graft-host border and in areas remote from the infarct, they were absent in all of the >3,000 imaged BM-derived cells that were located in clusters throughout the infarct scar or peri-infarct zone. We conclude that engrafted BM-derived cells lack attributes of functioning cardiomyocytes, calling into question the concept that adult BM cells can give rise to substantive cardiomyocyte regeneration within the infarcted heart.
Peroxisome proliferation due to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP): species differences and possible mechanisms.
Authors: C R Elcombe, A M Mitchell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The exposure of cultured rat hepatocytes to mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP) for 72 hr resulted in marked induction of peroxisomal enzyme activity (beta-oxidation; cyanide-insensitive palmitoyl CoA oxidase) and concomitant increases in the number of peroxisomes. Similar treatment of cultured guinea pig, marmoset, or human hepatocytes revealed little or no effect of MEHP. In order to eliminate possible confounding influences of biotransformation, the proximate peroxisome proliferator(s) derived from MEHP have been identified. Using cultured hepatocytes these agents were found to be metabolite VI [mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate] and metabolite IX [mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate]. The addition of these
236 Genotype C hepatitis B virus infection is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. A prospective cohort study
Authors: H.L.Y. Chan, A.Y. Hui, M.L. Wong, A.M.L. Tse, L.C.T. Hung, V.W.S. Wong, J.J.Y. Sung
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)