tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improved anthrax vaccine is needed, claims report
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The anthrax vaccine licensed in the United States is safe and effective, but it has major drawbacks that “underscore the need for a new and improved alternative,” said Dr Brian Strom, announcing the publication of a report on anthrax vaccine by the US Institute of Medicine.

Dr Strom, professor of biostatistics and epidemiology at the University of Pennsylvania, chaired the committee that prepared the report. …
The Nature of Occupational Cancer: A Critical Review of Present Problems
Authors: Rodney R. Beard
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Dinman has assembled in just 101 15×23-cm pages the essential information that so long has been needed to guide rational discussions of the problem of cancer as an occupational disease. Moreover, most of the points made are applicable to the broader question of man-made causes of cancer in the general population. The first third of the book is a discussion of general biologic considerations. A few pages on the general characteristics of malignant tumors are followed by a critical evaluation of the methods available and used to assess the impact of environmental exposures on the occurrence of cancer in humans. Epidemiologic studies, case studies, and experimental methods are reviewed. Dinman appears to recognize that many of his readers will be naïve about epidemiology as an investigative tool, and describes its use in considerable detail. Happily, he chooses to write about "Examples of Well-Designed Epidemiological Investigators" rather than to expose examples
Twelfth rib syndrome: a differential diagnosis of loin pain.
Authors: D G Machin, J M Shennan
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Investigations showed: erythrocyte sedimentation rate 55 mm in the first hour; C reactive protein concentration normal; haemoglobin concentration 12-1 g/dl; and white cell count 5-1 X 109/1; IgM rheumatoid factor was absent and HLA B27 antigen was present.Radiology of the spine and pelvis showed changes typical of ankylosing spondylitis.Detailed views of the atlantoaxial region showed rotational subluxation of Cl relative to C2 and the occiput.There was apparent collapse of the lateral mass of the atlas on the right side, which was confirmed by tomography and computed tomography.Injected white blood cells labelled with isotopes were not taken up at the site of the lesion.Conservative management by immobilising the cervical spine in a moulded collar gave rapid symptomatic relief.
P98 Improving diagnosis and management of COPD: learning from a programme of national improvement projects
Authors: C. Blackaby, Z. Lord, C. Thompson, A. Porter, P. Duncan, O. Okosi, H. Wall
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents an increasing burden for the NHS. National data indicate significant variation in the quality and consistency of diagnosis and management of COPD, with low recorded prevalence and increasing admissions. Early, accurate diagnosis and proactive management can modify disease progression to improve quality of life and use of health care resources. This national improvement programme aims to reduce variation and optimise diagnosis, treatment and use of healthcare resources through implementation of chronic disease management approaches. <h3>Methods</h3> 16 project sites from primary and secondary care adopted a systematic approach using improvement methodology to analyse existing patient pathways for COPD diagnosis and management, test changes and evaluate impact. Primary care and acute admission data, process mapping and patient feedback was analysed to identify risk, duplication and omissions in care and to evaluate the impact of changes implemented. <h3>Results</h3> Great inaccuracy was identified in practice registers for COPD and asthma. Projects demonstrated that up to 69% of COPD patients also had a recorded diagnosis of asthma; up to 15% had no spirometry recorded and up to 40% had incomplete results. 21–43% of patients had an FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC ratio &gt;0.7, which is not indicative of COPD. Systematic process improvement of inpatient and community pathways in one project delivered savings of £170k while medicines management reduced one practice9s respiratory prescribing costs by £1.5k per month. Consistent coding and use of self management support increased early identification of exacerbation and reduced the rate of COPD exacerbations resulting in admission from 8% to 5% in another project. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Systematic improvement approaches can help reduce variation, improve quality, reduce admissions, and contain costs without significant impact on resources. Detailed practice-level information can demonstrate significant scope to improve the quality of diagnosis and reliability of appropriate treatment. Consistent coding in primary care is essential for proactive management of patients. Accurate diagnosis and regular review to optimise medicines use can deliver overall cost reductions. Further work is needed to demonstrate how teams can best use existing resources to deliver proactive management of COPD.
Chronic Purpura Hemorrhagica.
Authors: R. T. Woodyat
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Chicago, July 14, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> -As a sequel toThe Journal'seditorial, June 10, on "Chronic Purpura Hemorrhagica," a case purporting to be one of that disease was reported inThe Journal, July 8, by Dr. H. H. Loveland. Considerable confusion naturally exists in the classification of a group of diseases about which we know so little as those of the hemorrhagic group. Still we are justified in differentiating sharply between scurvy and hemophilia, and between a typical hemophilia and any of the members of the purpura hemorrhagica group. It would seem to me ill-advised to classify the above mentioned case as one of an extremely rare and, to say the least, imperfectly established disease, when it presents no features incompatible with, and many speaking quite directly in favor of, a diagnosis of typical hemophilia. Perhaps too little attention is paid to the fact clearly pointed out by
Critics Say Drug-Eluting Stents Overused
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2006)

THE APPEARANCE A FEW YEARS AGO of drug-eluting stents as a tool for the treatment of coronary vessel stenosis was hailed by most of the cardiology community as a major advance over bare-metal stents. Now, findings from 2 studies presented in September at the World Congress of Cardiology in Barcelona, Spain, have dampened that enthusiasm. The studies’ findings give ammunition to those who suggest percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using drug-eluting stents was being oversold in light of a lack of evidence surrounding long-term safety and efficacy—especially in patients with stable chronic angina, a relatively benign condition. “With about 2 million being performed annually, PCIs are being overused,” warned Salim Yusuf, MD, DPhil, a professor of medicine at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, who has been critical of stenting (Rihal CS et al. Circulation. 2003;108:2439-2445). “There have been good trials showing that PCI for patients with stable angina has no advantage over medical treatment.” And now there is a suggestion that long-term use of drug-eluting stents increases the chances of coronary artery thrombosis and death. The working theory is that to prevent restenosis, the stent sites never fully heal, which increases the risk of developing blood clots.
THE SWINE LUNGWORM AS A RESERVOIR AND INTERMEDIATE HOST FOR SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS
Authors: Richard E. Shope
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

1. During a 3 year study of the lungworm as intermediate host for the swine influenza virus 98 transmission experiments, using 216 swine, have been conducted. Of these, 50 gave negative results. In the remaining 48, transmission of swine influenza virus by way of the lungworm was demonstrated in one or more animals of each experiment. Irregularities in the results would appear to be due not so much to lack of transmission of masked virus by the lungworms as to failure to evoke its pathogenic capabilities. 2. The stimulus of choice that was most successful in the provocation of swine influenza consisted of multiple intramuscular injections of H. influenzae suis. In several experiments pigs developed swine influenza virus infections 9 to 17 days after infestation with infected lungworms in the absence of any known provocative stress. In these instances an immune response of the swine to the lungworms themselves is suspected of having furnished the provocation. 3. During May, June, July, and August, swine prepared by the ingestion of lungworms carrying virus were absolutely refractory to the provocation of influenza, and they were relatively refractory in September and October. The masked virus was activated most readily during the first 4 months of the year. 4. In a single experiment we succeeded in demonstrating by direct means the presence of swine influenza virus in the neighborhood of lungworms at the base of the lung at a time when the virus was not demonstrable anywhere else in the respiratory tract. 5. Masked swine influenza virus was found to be present in lungworm ova obtained either from the respiratory tracts or the feces of infected swine. 6. In a number of instances, masked swine influenza virus has been found to persist for over a year in lungworm larvae within the earthworm intermediate hosts, and in one case its presence was demonstrated after 32 months. 7. Two varieties of a single species of earthworm, namely, Allolobophora caliginosa f. typica (Savigny) and A. caliginosa f. trapezoides (Dugès), have been found separately capable of serving as intermediate hosts for virus-infected lungworms. 8. Lungworm ova, obtained from convalescent swine which are no longer carrying swine influenza virus in infectious form in their respiratory tracts, contain masked virus.
UK recommends adoption of international guidelines on exposure to electromagnetic fields
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The National Radiological Protection Board has recommended that the United Kingdom adopts international guidelines on exposure to non-ionising radiation, after reviewing research on the issue. But the review acknowledged that uncertainties remained on the potential impact of electromagnetic fields on human health.

The board recommended adopting the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection's guidelines, which set limits on exposure to electromagnetic fields at two levels—firstly, for occupational exposure, and, secondly, more restrictive recommendations for general public exposure based on a cautious …
MISS ELIZABETH KENNY'S BOOK ON "THE TREATMENT OF INFANTILE PARALYSIS IN THE ACUTE STAGE"
Authors: Edward L. Compere
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—   Journalpublished recently a review of a book by Miss Elizabeth Kenny entitled The Treatment of Infantile Paralysis in the Acute Stage.  book is not easy to read or easy to understand and contains much controversial material. During 1941 I used the Kenny treatment as far as it was possible in the hospitals to which my patients were admitted. I am convinced that this is the best treatment for the victims of infantile paralysis during the early postparalytic period. Regardless of the confusion occasioned by the theory as outlined by Miss Kenny, the method is definitely good. Not only do I believe that this is true of the hot moist fomentations which are used twelve hours each day on patients who have had the disease but I believe that the muscle training program carried out by workers trained by Miss Kenny represents the best type
Hypoglycemic Disorders: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Mark Molitch
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This monograph on hypoglycemic disorders is written entirely by physicians from the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. The first chapter, by Rizza and Gerich, is a superb, current summary of the physiological processes of carbohydrate homeostasis and intermediary metabolism with a lucid review of the hormonal mechanisms controlling these processes. Here the authors have drawn on their own work, which has helped to elucidate this area, and have emphasized the hormonal mechanisms that serve to protect against hypoglycemia. In chapter 2, Tsalikian and Haymond provide an excellent comprehensive review of the disorders causing hypoglycemia in children. In this chapter, as in all the others in the book except for the ones on diagnostic tests and insulinomas, the authors do not take advantage of the fact that they are from the Mayo Clinic, with its large patient population and excellent record facilities, by presenting an updated Mayo Clinic experience with these disorders.
Elimination of firearms would do little to reduce premature deaths
Authors: P. Baillie-Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Aim</h3> Seizure onset in idiopathic generalised epilepsies (IGE) is considered to be rare after the second decade of life. The authors aimed to explore age of seizure onset in patients with IGE and compare ‘classical’ onset to late onset cases. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with IGE, treated at the outpatient epilepsy clinic (Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, 1985–2006, n=798) were retrospectively screened. The inclusion criteria were: diagnosis of IGE, more than two follow-up (FU) visits, duration of FU more than 1 year and normal brain imaging. The authors analysed demographic data, age of seizure onset, seizure types, syndromes, neuroimaging and EEG findings, seizure triggers and seizure freedom for 1 and 5 years at last FU. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 492 patients (mean age at seizure onset 14.6 years, range 0.1–55, SD 7.9) with IGE were identified: childhood absence epilepsy (n=113, range 1–55, SD 6.5), juvenile absence epilepsy (n=75, range 4–39, SD 5.1), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (n=112, range 2–39, SD 5.7), and epilepsy with grand mal seizures on awakening (n=192 range 1–52, SD 17.3). Population was stratified into three groups: 28 patients with seizure onset at &gt;30 years, 180 patients between 15 and 30 years and 284 patients &lt;15 years. The distribution of seizure types and epilepsy syndromes differed significantly in a group comparison (p&lt;0.001); seizure outcome and other clinical variables did not differ throughout the groups. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Apart from age-related onset of seizure types and syndromes with a loose upper limit of onset age, patients with a late onset did not differ from their younger counterparts. These data do not support the view of IGE of late onset as a separate syndrome.
The Editor, 'The British Journal of Dermatology'. Ultralanum
Authors: I. B. Sneddon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article The Editor, ‘The British Journal of Dermatology’. Ultralanum Get access I. B. Sneddon I. B. Sneddon The Rupert Hallam Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Shefiield, 6 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 2, 1 February 1967, Page 122, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb11468.x Published: 01 February 1967
Radioimmunoscintigraphy of Orbital Metastases from Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: JAMSHED BOMANJI, JOHN GLAHOLM, JOHN L. HUNGERFORD, STEVEN J. MATHER, MARIE GRANOWSKA, KEITH E. BRITTON, ROGER WHITELOCKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Radioimmunoscintigraphy with I-123 labeled monoclonal antibody HMFG1 has been used for imaging primary and metastatic ovarian neoplasms. Uptake of I-123 labeled HMFG1 is reported in a patient with an orbital metastasis from a primary ovarian adenocarcinoma. Radioimmunoscintigraphy may have a role to play in imaging metastatic orbital neoplasms.
Comparison of resetting and entrainment of uniform sustained ventricular tachycardia. Further insights into the characteristics of the excitable gap.
Authors: D J Callans, B G Hook, M E Josephson
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Resetting and entrainment have both been used to characterize the electrophysiological properties of the reentrant circuit in ventricular tachycardia. Several entrainment studies have suggested that the circuit has decremental properties, because the return cycle increases at faster pacing rates. Resetting, however, demonstrates a fully excitable gap in the majority of tachycardias. METHODS AND RESULTS The response to resetting and overdrive pacing was analyzed in 18 ventricular tachycardias. Resetting demonstrated some duration of a fully excitable gap in 14 of 18 tachycardias. Overdrive pacing was performed at several cycle lengths with an incremental number of stimuli (1-15 beats) such that the first beat that interacted with the tachycardia (the nth beat) could be identified. The return cycles measured during resetting and the nth beat of pacing were identical (r = 0.99). At relatively long paced cycle lengths, paced beats after the nth beat resulted in a constant return cycle in most tachycardias with a fully excitable gap. At rapid paced cycle lengths, an increase in the return cycle from the nth to the nth + 1 beat was associated with progressive prolongation in the return cycle with each incremental paced beat until a longer equilibrium return cycle was reached or the tachycardia terminated in response to pacing. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the responses to resetting and overdrive pacing with or without entrainment appear to provide conflicting information about the characteristics of the circuit because they in fact measure entirely different electrophysiological parameters. The nth beat of pacing foreshortens the excitable gap to the extent that it arrives prematurely. Subsequent paced beats interact with an altered tachycardia circuit that has had less time to recover excitability. Resetting is the interaction of a single paced beat with the tachycardia and, as such, provides a more accurate assessment of the characteristics of the unaltered tachycardia circuit.
Dietary factors in the aetiology of gall stones: a case control study.
Authors: F Pixley, J Mann
Journal: Gut (1988)

Dietary intake was studied in 121 women with gall stones (identified in a prevalence survey using ultrasonography) and a similar number of age-matched controls in order to investigate nutritional factors in the aetiology of the condition. Despite the appreciably lower frequency of gall stones in vegetarians as compared with non-vegetarian women (11.5% and 24.6% respectively) nutrient intake did not differ between cases and controls. This may indicate the existence of a threshold effect where virtually all non-vegetarian women in affluent societies have a diet high in saturated fat, animal protein, and simple sugar to the extent that it is not possible to distinguish between cases and controls. In women with newly discovered gall stones, the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms was no different from that in the controls. Thus cholecystectomies carried out to relieve relatively low grade symptoms may not do so.
Paediatrician wrongly detained in UAE for murder finally returns to South Africa
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Cyril Karabus, the 78 year old South African doctor detained in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for allegedly murdering a patient there, has finally returned home after a nine month ordeal.

The paediatric oncologist was arrested in August 2012 while in transit in Dubai and was told that he had been convicted in absentia for killing a patient in Abu Dhabi while working as a locum a decade earlier.

He denied …
Theatre: Camera Obscura
Authors: A. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Almeida Rehearsal Rooms, 108 Upper Street, Islington, London N1, until 8 June 2002 Theatre Royal, Bath, 11-15 June 2002 Theatre Royal, Winchester, 18-22 June 2002 Arthur Crew Inman was an American eccentric who lived in Boston and died in 1963 at the age of 68. He was hypochondriacal and photophobic, believing that daylight could damage his eyes. The merest glimmer through the curtains would have been a source of extreme terror for him. This and many other afflictions led to his self confinement in his heavily draped apartment for most of his life. He also bought the flats above, below, and next door to shield himself from noise. Camera Obscura , a deep and moving play about Inman's life, is … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF POISONED AIR, IN THE CAUSATION OF INEBRIETY.Read in the Section on State Medicine, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The statement, so often repeated, that inebriety is the result exclusively of alcohol is not true. Careful studies of individual cases indicate a great variety of complex causes which are unrecognized in most cases. Inebriety is a symptom in many instances, which disappears when certain causes are removed. In certain cases, the ejection of a tapeworm has been followed by total abstinence of the person. The removal of a spicula of bone pressing on a nerve; the trephining of the skull; the operation and removal of a stricture; the curing of hemorrhoids; constipation; diarrhea and many other conditions, have been followed by recovery from inebriety. Conditions of exhaustion, anemia, poisoning from malaria, and degenerations following acute disease, frequently break out in continuous drinking which subside when these states are removed. It is also true that alcohol, taken any length of time, will produce degenerations which demand its continuous use. A
Comparison of Effects of Strength and Endurance Training in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Francisco Ortega, Javier Toral, Pilar Cejudo, Rafael Villagomez, Hildegard Sánchez, José Castillo, Teodoro Montemayor
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

We determined the effect of different exercise training modalities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including strength training (n = 17), endurance training (n = 16), and combined strength and endurance (n = 14) (half of the endurance and half of the strengthening exercises). Data were compared at baseline, the end of the 12-week exercise-training program, and 12 weeks later. Improvement in the walking distance was only significant in the strength group. Increases in submaximal exercise capacity for the endurance group were significantly higher than those observed in the strength group but were of similar magnitude than those in the combined training modality, which in turn were significantly higher than for the strength group. Increases in the strength of the muscle groups measured in five weight lifting exercises were significantly higher in the strength group than in the endurance group but were of similar magnitude than in the combined training group, which again showed significantly higher increases than subjects in the endurance group. Any training modality showed significant improvements of the breathlessness score and the dyspnea dimension of the chronic respiratory questionnaire. In conclusion, the combination of strength and endurance training seems an adequate training strategy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.