tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Malaria in Neighbouring Londoners
Authors: G. S. Crockett, K. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1953)

<b>Introduction: </b>We have previously reported increased respiratory symptoms in adult survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) compared with very low birth weight (VLBW) (&lt;1500g) and term controls. Here we report preliminary findings from spirometric and Lung Clearance Index (LCI) measurements. <b>Objective: </b>To investigate whether adult survivors of BPD have greater impairment of lung function and LCI than age and gender matched VLBW and term controls. <b>Methods: </b>Spirometry measurements (MicroLab ML3500 Mk8™) were obtained in 16 BPD [8male; mean (SD) age 24.9 (3.9) y]<b>,</b> 9 VLBW [Mean (SD) age 25.8 (3.73) y] and 55 term controls [30 male; mean (SD) age 26.0 (4.0) y]. LCI measurements (Innocor™ device) obtained in BPD and VLBW participants were compared to 17 healthy controls [6M, mean (SD) age 30.5 (7.5) y]. <b>Results: </b>For all spirometry end points (FEV<sub>1</sub>, FVC, FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC and FEF<sub>25-75</sub>), BPD adults had significantly lower values than term controls (p&lt;0.001). Mean FEV<sub>1 </sub>and FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC measurements were lower in BPD adults than VLBW (p&lt;0.05)). Mean LCI measurements were higher (more impaired) in BPD [mean (SD) 6.99 (0.78)] versus healthy controls [mean (SD) 6.36 (0.362)] (p=0.006). LCI measurements were also higher in BPD than VLBW but this was not statistically significant. Three BPD subjects had entirely normal spirometry but abnormal LCI values (value &gt; healthy control mean +2SD). <b>Conclusions:</b> Our preliminary findings suggest persisting lung function impairment in adult survivors of BPD. LCI may be a useful tool in detecting early small airways disease in adult survivors of preterm birth.
β-Arrestin1–Biased β <sub>1</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Regulates MicroRNA Processing
Authors: Il-man Kim, Yongchao Wang, Kyoung-mi Park, Yaoping Tang, Jian-peng Teoh, Joseph Vinson, Christopher J. Traynham, Gianluigi Pironti, Lan Mao, Huabo Su, John A. Johnson, Walter J. Koch, Howard A. Rockman
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, noncoding RNAs that function to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. First transcribed as long primary miR transcripts (pri-miRs), they are enzymatically processed in the nucleus by Drosha into hairpin intermediate miRs (pre-miRs) and further processed in the cytoplasm by Dicer into mature miRs where they regulate cellular processes after activation by a variety of signals such as those stimulated by β-adrenergic receptors (βARs). Initially discovered to desensitize βAR signaling, β-arrestins are now appreciated to transduce multiple effector pathways independent of G-protein-mediated second messenger accumulation, a concept known as biased signaling. We previously showed that the β-arrestin-biased βAR agonist, carvedilol, activates cellular pathways in the heart.Here, we tested whether carvedilol could activate β-arrestin-mediated miR maturation, thereby providing a novel potential mechanism for its cardioprotective effects.In human cells and mouse hearts, carvedilol upregulates a subset of mature and pre-miRs, but not their pri-miRs, in β1AR-, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 5/6-, and β-arrestin1-dependent manner. Mechanistically, β-arrestin1 regulates miR processing by forming a nuclear complex with hnRNPA1 and Drosha on pri-miRs.Our findings indicate a novel function for β1AR-mediated β-arrestin1 signaling activated by carvedilol in miR biogenesis, which may be linked, in part, to its mechanism for cell survival.
The good doctor around the world
Authors: H. Lambert
Journal: BMJ (2002)

What do medical traditions around the world have to say about the necessary qualities of the “good doctor”? Two Sanskrit texts that form the basis of ayurveda (the Indian Hindu medical tradition) state that students embarking on an apprenticeship to become a vaidya (an ayurvedic physician), must vow to respect patients and be abstemious, modest, courteous, and self controlled. They must also make a concern for the health of sick people their sole aim. In textual sources for unani tibb, the Graeco-Arabic medical tradition practised in South Asia, ideal qualities of the hakim (an unani physician) include compassion, restraint, …
Quinidine as a Cause of Sudden Death
Authors: GEORGE W. THOMSON
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Sudden death and arterial embolism are unpredictable hazards of quinidine therapy for atrial fibrillation that act as deterrents to its most effective use. In this paper an attempt is made to determine the incidence of these accidents as reported in the literature. The mechanism of sudden death is also examined. The difficulty of determining the role of quinidine in producing these accidents in seriously ill patients is clarified.
IS MULTI-VESSEL PRIMARY PCI ADVISABLE? DIFFERENCES IN CLINICAL OUTCOMES AMONG MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES UNDERGOING SINGLE VERSUS MULTI-VESSEL PCI DURING A PRIMARY ST-SEGMENT ELEVATED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION HOSPITALIZATION IN FISCAL YEAR 2007
Authors: Aaron D. Kugelmass, Phillip P. Brown, Matthew R. Reynolds, Steven D. Culler, April W. Simon, David J. Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Defective <scp>l</scp> -Arginine–Nitric Oxide Pathway in Offspring of Essential Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Stefano Taddei, Agostino Virdis, Paola Mattei, Lorenzo Ghiadoni, Isabella Sudano, Antonio Salvetti
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Essential hypertension is characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The present study was designed to investigate whether this abnormality is a primary defect or a consequence of blood pressure increases.In offspring of essential hypertensive patients (n = 34) and normotensive subjects (n = 30), we evaluated forearm blood flow (strain-gauge plethysmography) modifications induced by intrabrachial acetylcholine (0.15, 0.45, 1.5, 4.5, and 15 micrograms.100 mL-1.min-1), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and sodium nitroprusside (1, 2, and 4 micrograms.100 mL-1.min-1), an endothelium-independent vasodilator. Minimal forearm vascular resistances also were calculated as the ratio between mean intra-arterial pressure and maximal forearm blood flow induced by forearm ischemia and hand exercise. Vasodilation to acetylcholine was significantly (P < .01) blunted in offspring of hypertensive patients compared with offspring of normotensive subjects, whereas the responses to sodium nitroprusside and minimal forearm vascular resistances were similar. In two subgroups of 14 offspring of essential hypertensive patients but not in 10 offspring of normotensive subjects, vasodilation to acetylcholine was increased by intra-brachial L-arginine (1 mumol.100 mL-1.min-1), the substrate for nitric oxide synthesis, whereas in the other 10 and 8 offspring of essential hypertensive patients and normotensive subjects, respectively, cyclooxygenase blockade by intra-brachial indomethacin (50 micrograms.100 mL-1.min-1) was ineffective.Offspring of essential hypertensive patients are characterized by a reduced response to acetylcholine linked to a defect in the nitric oxide pathway, suggesting that an impairment in nitric oxide production precedes the onset of essential hypertension.
A Summer Plague: Polio and Its Survivors
Authors: Howard Markel
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The conquest of poliomyelitis is, as journalist Tony Gould suggests, a useful prism to look through when exploring the social history of epidemics, the rise of the orchestrated biomedical research enterprise during the 20th century, and the singularly isolating experience of illness endured by a patient. With this in mind, Gould—himself a recovering "polio" (Gould's appellation for polio patients)— sets out to document both the "rise and fall of poliomyelitis" in the United States and Britain and the individual experiences of "polios" from the time of their initial infection with poliomyelitis to their recovery and subsequent lives. Gould consequently organizes his book in a rather curious way. Part 1 is a breezy discussion of the history of poliomyelitis beginning with the 1916 epidemic in New York City and culminating in the Salk-Sabin controversies of the late 1950s and early 1960s. Part 2 is a recording of the experiences of seven
???Hot Spot??? on Liver Scan Produced by Inferior Vena Caval Obstruction
Authors: GEORGE A. WILSON, ROBERT M. LERNER, ROBERT E. O??MARA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

A patient suspected of having an obstruction to the inferior vena cava developed a “hot spot” in the liver when an inferior vena cavogram was performed with Tc-99m-sulfur colloid. The “hot spot” was demonstrated to be the result of the collateral circulation.
The Increasing Disparity in Mortality between Socioeconomic Groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986
Authors: Gregory Pappas, Susan Queen, Wilbur Hadden, Gail Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

There is an inverse relation between socioeconomic status and mortality. Over the past several decades death rates in the United States have declined, but it is unclear whether all socioeconomic groups have benefited equally.
20-Hydroxyeicosa-tetraenoic acid (20 HETE) activates protein kinase C. Role in regulation of rat renal Na+,K+-ATPase.
Authors: S Nowicki, S L Chen, O Aizman, X J Cheng, D Li, C Nowicki, A Nairn, P Greengard, A Aperia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

It is well documented that the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase can be inhibited by the arachidonic acid metabolite, 20-hydroxyeicosa-tetraenoic acid (20 HETE). Evidence is presented here that this effect is mediated by protein kinase C (PKC). PKC inhibitors abolished 20 HETE inhibition of rat Na+,K+-ATPase in renal tubular cells. 20 HETE caused translocation of PKC alpha from cytoplasm to membrane in COS cells. It also inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase activity in COS cells transfected with rat wild-type renal Na+,K+-ATPase alpha1 subunit, but not in cells transfected with Na+,K+-ATPase alpha1, where the PKC phosphorylation site, serine 23, had been mutated to alanine. PKC-induced phosphorylation of rat renal Na+,K+-ATPase, as well as of histone was strongly enhanced by 20 HETE at the physiologic calcium concentration of 1.3 microM, but not at the calcium concentration of 200 microM. The results indicate that phospholipase A2-arachidonic acid-20 HETE pathway can exert important biological effects via activation of PKC and that this effect may occur in the absence of a rise in intracellular calcium.
Assessment of PTEN and PI3K Status in Primary Breast Cancer and Corresponding Metastases: Is It Worthwhile?
Authors: Michelangelo Russillo, Anna Di Benedetto, Giulio Metro, Gianluigi Ferretti, Paola Papaldo, Francesco Cognetti, Marcella Mottolese, Alessandra Fabi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

TO THE EDITOR: Dave et al 1 have recently shown that, in a cohort of patients with locally advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive breast cancer who were under- going neoadjuvant therapy, the presence of activating mutations of phosphoinositol-3 (PI3) kinase (PIK3CA) or low phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) conferred resistance to trastuzumab (T)- including regimens, and at the same time this molecular scenario predicted for response to lapatinib (L). T is the main anti-HER2-targeted therapy to demonstrate clinical efficacy in the treatment of early and advanced HER2- positive breast cancer in women. The efficacy of T seems to be exclusively related to the overexpression of HER2 protein or am- plification of the HER2 gene. In the first-line treatment of meta- static breast cancer, overall response rate to T alone or in combination with antiblastic agents ranged from 24% to 60%; the majority of patients experienced disease progression within 12 months from the start of therapy as a result of acquired resistance to the monoclonal antibody. 2
Can risk stratification using TIMI score of unstable angina/non-ST elevation myocardial infarction predict short-term outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention?
Authors: Annapoorna S. Kini, Cristina A. Mitre, Paul Lee, Mazullah Kamran, Michael Kim, Mary E. Duffy, Jonathan D. Marmur, Samin K. Sharma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The Darmack Surgical Dressing Packer.
Authors: A. GEO. BAKER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

This instrument is used to pack cavities, such as gun-shot wounds, stab wounds, fistulas, sinuses, the uterus, vagina, nares, rectum, etc. It carries the gauze where it is desired and packs tightly or loosely, as is necessary. The instrument is in the shape of a tube with a piston inside. The front end of this piston or push-rod is bifurcated, pushing the gauze forward, and when the piston is drawn back two small hooks attached to the inside and toward the far end of the tube keep the gauze from coming back. There are three rings, two on the sides of the tube and one at the near end of the rod, or piston. The thumb is placed into this last, and the fore and middle fingers in the rings on the sides of the tube. There are five sizes, varying from six to twelve inches in length and from
Tenosynovitis in industry: menace or misnomer?
Authors: B King, J F Wollaston, T G Gillanders
Journal: BMJ (1987)

We were pleased to see the recommendations for conservative measures but concerned by the im- pression given that for large, heavy limbs with reduced mobility surgery was the first option.Extensive experience reported by Foldi et al suggests that even severe and long term swelling may successfully be treated by a combination of massage, compression bandages or elastic hosiery, and exercise,3 surgery being required only to remove redundant skin.This has also been our experience.Effective treatment is, however, labour intensive.The best results are achieved at an early stage, when swelling is most reversible.Indeed, prophylatic treatment in high risk groups may be the way to limit the problem after treatment for cancer.Raising the arm in a sling should be abandoned as it is uncomfortable and probably offers no greater benefit than positioning the arm at, or just above, heart level.Arm raising results in auto- regulation with relative preservation of capillary pressure and flow.4This reduction in precapillary vasoconstriction tends to buffer any benefit gained from lowering venous pressure.Limb raising in lymphoedema is thus pointless unless complemented by subsequent external support.
Orchitis Due to Coxsackie Virus Group B, Type 5
Authors: John E. Craighead, Edward M. Mahoney, David H. Carver, Kiarash Nafic, Paul Fremont-Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

ORCHITIS is an uncommon but recognized complication of Bornholm disease.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The role of Coxsackie Group B viruses in the etiology of Bornholm disease is well established.8 9 10 This communication records the isolation of a Coxsackie Group B virus, from the testicular tissue of a young adult with severe, acute orchitis. It is of interest that the patient experienced a febrile illness with chest pain and pharyngitis before the onset of testicular symptoms.Case ReportW.B., a 25-year-old student, was admitted to the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital on August 14, 1961, with pain in the right testicle of 2 days' duration. The . . .
Rna Expression in the Early Characterization of Hepatotoxicants in Wistar Rats by High–Density Dna Microarrays
Authors: Steven J. Bulera, Susan M. Eddy, Erika Ferguson, Timothy A. Jatkoe, James F. Reindel, Michael R. Bleavins, Felix A. De La Iglesia
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

High-density microarrays are useful tools to study gene expression for the purpose of characterizing functional tissue changes in response to the action of drugs and chemicals. To test whether high-density expression data can identify mechanisms of toxicity and to identify an unknown sample through its RNA expression pattern, groups of male Wistar rats were administered 6 hepatotoxicants. The compounds chosen for this study were microcystin-LR (MLR), phenobarbital (PB), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), carbon tetrachloride (CT), thioacetamide (THA), and cyproterone acetate (CPA). These hepatotoxicants are known to induce adverse liver effects through different mechanisms. Liver mRNA was isolated and used to generate biotinylated cRNA for hybridization to a custom 1,600-rat gene DNA microarray. Treatment correlation matrices analyzed hybridization data from a hepatotoxicant-blinded sample, with gene expression coefficients (GEC) evaluated by means of hierarchical cluster analysis and visual representation as dendrograms. The experimental liver toxicity from the different treatments was confirmed by means of concurrent histopathology, liver enzymes, and bilirubin assays. This toxico genomic analysis identified multiple genes and groups of genes that were affected by the hepatotoxicants on study, indicating that high-density microarray expression data are useful to identify groups of genes involved in toxicity. In addition, the mRNA expression profile of an unidentified sample can be accurately identified when compared with the expression profiles resident in the data set. This study supports the use of gene expression-profiling technology to determine or to predict toxic liver effects.
Treatment with Propiverine in Children Suffering from Nonneurogenic Overactive Bladder and Urinary Incontinence: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Clinical Trial
Authors: Daniela Marschall-Kehrel, Cornelia Feustel, Charlotta Persson de Geeter, Maximilian Stehr, Christian Radmayr, Ulla Sillén, Gerhard Strugala
Journal: European Urology (2008)
CARBOHYDRATE STUDIES IN NECROBIOSIS LIPOIDICA.
Authors: A. W. McKENZIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article CARBOHYDRATE STUDIES IN NECROBIOSIS LIPOIDICA. Get access A. W. McKENZIE, M.B.(Edin.), M.R.C.P.(Lond.). A. W. McKENZIE, M.B.(Edin.), M.R.C.P.(Lond.). Registrar, Skin Department, St. Thomas'Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 May 1962, Pages 191–193, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb13487.x Published: 01 May 1962
The small GTPase Ral mediates SDF-1–induced migration of B cells and multiple myeloma cells
Authors: David J. J. de Gorter, Rogier M. Reijmers, Esther A. Beuling, Hildegonda P. H. Naber, Annemieke Kuil, Marie José Kersten, Steven T. Pals, Marcel Spaargaren
Journal: Blood (2008)
Agonist- and Th2 cytokine-induced up-regulation of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor messenger RNA in human monocytes
Authors: H. Shirasaki, K. Watanabe, N. Seki, M. Kikuchi, N. Konno, E. Kanaizumi, T. Himi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Inhibition of adrenergic neurotransmission in ischaemic regions of the canine left ventricle
Authors: J B MARTINS, R E KERBER, M L MARCUS, D L LAUGHLIN, D M LEVY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

To test hypothesis that adrenergic neurotransmission is impaired in acute myocardial ischaemia, we studied contractile function of normal and ischaemic myocardium after coronary artery occlusion. For each area we compared the contractile response to left sympathetic nerve stimulation (LSS) with the response to exogenous noradrenaline (NA). Contractile response was measured with intramyocardial sonomicrometers. LSS increased aortic pressure and heart rate. NA was infused to achieve an aortic pressure equivalent to LSS and simultaneous atrial pacing matched the heart rate during LSS. In normal zones both interventions produced increased shortening equivalently. In ischaemic zones systolic expansion was unchanged during LSS, while NA improved contractile function of the same zones by decreasing systolic expansion. These responses occurred during ischaemia produced by either anterior or posterior descending coronary occlusion. Changes in regional blood flow, measured by 8 microns radiolabelled microspheres, could not account for the difference between the ischaemic regional response to LSS or NA. We conclude that acute regional ischaemia impairs adrenergic nerve transmission.
Innervation Patterns May Limit Response to Endovascular Renal Denervation
Authors: Abraham R. Tzafriri, Felix Mahfoud, John H. Keating, Peter M. Markham, Anna Spognardi, Gee Wong, Kristine Fuimaono, Michael Böhm, Elazer R. Edelman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Chemical nociception in the jejunum induced by capsaicin
Authors: B Schmidt
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Chemonociception in the human small intestine has not been studied extensively. Although capsaicin can cause intestinal sensations, it is not known if this is due to stimulation of chemoreceptors or to motor changes. Our aims were to evaluate motor activity during capsaicin induced nociception and to compare qualities of jejunal nociception induced by capsaicin and mechanical distension. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty nine healthy subjects swallowed a tube with a perfusion site at the ligament of Treitz and, 7 cm distally, a barostat balloon. Phasic motor activity was measured around the perfusion site and the balloon. Capsaicin solutions (40, 200, and 400 μg/ml) 2.5 ml/min were perfused for 60 minutes or until severe discomfort occurred. A graded questionnaire for seven different sensations was completed every 10 minutes and after capsaicin perfusion was replaced by saline perfusion because of severe discomfort. Sensations arising from pressure controlled distensions were assessed before and after capsaicin perfusion when sensations had stopped (n = 19), or during capsaicin administration when no discomfort was reported (n = 5). <b>Results:</b> Capsaicin perfusion induced feelings of pressure, cramps, pain, and warmth. The quality and abdominal location of these sensations were similar to those induced by distension, except for warmth (p&lt;0.01) and pressure (p&lt;0.05). Seven of 12 subjects receiving 40 μg/ml capsaicin and all subjects receiving higher capsaicin concentrations developed discomfort. Perfusion had to be stopped after 55 (3.3), 15 (5.7), and 10 (2.2) minutes with 40, 200, and 400 μg/ml capsaicin, respectively, whereafter the sensations disappeared within 10 minutes. Repeated capsaicin (200 μg/ml) applications significantly reduced the time until discomfort occurred (p = 0.01). Jejunal tone was not altered by capsaicin but phasic activity proximal to the perfusion site was reduced during capsaicin induced discomfort (p&lt;0.001). Pain thresholds during distensions were not different before and after capsaicin perfusion. <b>Conclusion:</b> Despite the similarities in abdominal localisation and perceptional quality of capsaicin and distension induced sensations, our results rule out the fact that abdominal discomfort evoked by capsaicin involves sensitisation of mechanoreceptors or an increase in phasic and tonic motor activity. Capsaicin evokes abdominal sensations by stimulation of chemoreceptors which proves the existence of chemonociception in the human small intestine.
HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED ELEVATED FILLING PRESSURE AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ASSESSED WITH SIMULTANEOUS RIGHT HEART CATHETERIZATION AND DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Mads J. Andersen, Mads Ersbøll, Finn Gustafsson, Lars Køber, Christian Hassager, Ulrik M. Mogensen, Stefan Christensen, Søren Boesgaard, Jacob E. Møller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)