tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NICE guidance for screening for malnutrition: implications for lung cancer services
Authors: A. Chauhan, V. Siddall, A. Wilcock, S. Mallawathantri, D. R Baldwin, I. D Johnston
Journal: Thorax (2007)

they ''rarely'' had difficulty.The different experience may reflect a difference between elective or semi-elective postoperative admissions versus acute medical admissions.Perceived or actual experience in intensive care could be another factor; 48% of respiratory specialist registrars had experience of intensive care medicine at the SHO level compared with 100% of anaesthetic trainees, and all the anaesthetic trainees had experience at the registrar level compared with 52% of the respiratory specialist registrars.Both groups underestimated the duration of critical care experience of each other.Critical care leads considered that the ''quality'' of referral was better from specialist registrars in anaesthesia than medicine.They strongly supported the need for physicians to receive more training in how to make effective referrals and in achieving a more ''realistic'' understanding of potential benefit from ICU admission.Our survey confirms the common perception that medical teams have more difficulty than anaesthetic colleagues in gaining acceptance of their patients to intensive care.Furthermore, this may relate to the perception that they are less able to judge need or prognosis because they have less ICU experience.Critical care training is soon to be integrated into acute care common stem, 2 but additional experience for all medical specialties is probably needed together with an expansion of dual accreditation by medical specialists in intensive care medicine.
Dyshematopoiesis in combined immune deficiency with congenital neutropenia
Authors: Cristina Gasparetto, Clay Smith, Meri Firpo, Dieter Dennig, Trudy Small, Alfred P. Gillio, Robert Lichtenberg, Richard J. O'Reilly, Malcolm A. S. Moore
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract This report describes a patient with combined immune deficiency associated with congenital neutropenla (CID/CN) and reports a partial characterization of his hematopoletic abnormalities. The CID/CN syndrome described is characterized by neutropenla and by deficiencies in B‐lymphoid and T‐lymphoid cell number and function. Red cell and platelet counts were normal. In vitro assays indicate that the myeioid lineage was developmentally arrested at the level of the committed monocyte/granulocyte progenitor (CFU‐GM), while precursors to the CFU‐GM progenitor were normal. In vitro studies showed that the defect in myeiold development was not corrected with G‐CSF or GM‐CSF. However, combinations of cytokines present in conditioned media from the T‐cell lines MO or C5MJ, or defined multiple cytokine combinations containing IL‐1, IL‐3, GM‐CSF, kit ligand, IL‐6, and IL‐9, restored myelopoiesis in‐vitro. In contrast, CBMJ‐conditioned media did not correct deficiencies in immune function in the patient's lymphocytes and accessory cells. No abnormalities in the production of G‐CSF, GM‐CSF, M‐CSF, or IL‐1 from the patient could be identified to account for the defects in myelopoiesis orimmune function. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biological and clinical manifestations of Huntington's disease in the longitudinal TRACK-HD study: cross-sectional analysis of baseline data
Authors: Sarah J Tabrizi, Douglas R Langbehn, Blair R Leavitt, Raymund AC Roos, Alexandra Durr, David Craufurd, Christopher Kennard, Stephen L Hicks, Nick C Fox, Rachael I Scahill, Beth Borowsky, Allan J Tobin, H Diana Rosas, Hans Johnson, Ralf Reilmann, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Julie C Stout
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2009)
Characterization of an Epstein-Barr virus receptor on human epithelial cells.
Authors: M Birkenbach, X Tong, L E Bradbury, T F Tedder, E Kieff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) adsorption to human B lymphocytes is mediated by the viral envelope glycoprotein, gp350/220, which binds to the cell surface protein, CD21, also known as the CR2 complement receptor. Human epithelial cells also express an EBV receptor. A candidate surface molecule of 195 kD has previously been identified on an epithelial cell line and explanted epithelial tissue by reactivity with the CD21 specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), HB-5a. In experiments to further characterize the epithelial cell EBV receptor, we have found that two human epithelial cell lines, RHEK-1 and HeLa, specifically bind intact EB virions. A 145-kD protein, similar in size to B lymphocyte CD21, was specifically precipitated from surface iodinated RHEK-1 cells using the HB-5a mAb, or using purified soluble gp350/220 coupled to agarose beads. The previously identified 195-kD protein did not bind to gp350/220 or react with two other anti-CD21 mAbs. CD21 homologous RNA, similar in size to the B lymphocyte CD21 mRNA, was detected in both RHEK-1 and HeLa cells. The nucleotide sequence of the epithelial cell cDNA was identical to B lymphocyte CD21. The longest clone differs from previously reported CD21 cDNAs in having additional 5' untranslated sequence. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of RHEK-1- or B lymphoblastoid-derived cDNA verified that most CD21 transcripts are initiated at least 30-50 nucleotides upstream of the previously reported mRNA cap site. These experiments demonstrate that human epithelial cells can express CD21, and that CD21 is likely to mediate EBV adsorption to epithelial cells.
Comparison of Intensive Chemotherapy, Allogeneic, or Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation As Postremission Treatment for Children With Very High Risk Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: PETHEMA ALL-93 Trial
Authors: Jose-Maria Ribera, Juan-José Ortega, Albert Oriol, Pilar Bastida, Carlota Calvo, José-María Pérez-Hurtado, María-Elvira González-Valentín, Victoria Martín-Reina, Antonio Molinés, Fernando Ortega-Rivas, Maria-José Moreno, Concepción Rivas, Izaskun Egurbide, Inmaculada Heras, Concepción Poderós, Eva Martínez-Revuelta, José-Maria Guinea, Eloy del Potro, Guillermo Deben
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose The optimal postremission therapy for children with very high-risk (VHR) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is not well established. This randomized trial compared three options of postremission therapy: chemotherapy and allogeneic or autologous stem-cell transplantation (SCT). Patients and Methods All 106 VHR-ALL patients received induction with five drugs followed by intensification with three cycles of chemotherapy. Patients in complete remission (CR) with an HLA-identical family donor were assigned to allogeneic SCT (n = 24) and the remaining were randomly assigned to autologous SCT (n = 38) or to delayed intensification followed by maintenance chemotherapy up to 2 years in CR (n = 38). Results Overall, 100 patients achieved CR (94%). With a median follow-up of 6.5 years, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) probabilities were 45% (95% CI, 37% to 54%) and 48% (95% CI, 40% to 57%), respectively. The three groups were comparable in the main pretreatment ALL characteristics. Intention-to-treat analysis showed no differences for donor versus no donor in DFS (45%; 95% CI, 27% to 65% v 45%; 95% CI, 37% to 55%) and OS (48%; 95% CI, 30% to 67% v 51%; 95% CI, 43% to 61%), as well as for autologous SCT versus chemotherapy comparisons (DFS: 44%; 95% CI, 29% to 60% v 46%; 95% CI, 32% to 62%; OS: 45%; 95% CI, 31% to 62% v 57%; 95% CI, 43% to 73%). No differences were found within the different subgroups of ALL and neither were differences observed when the analysis was made by treatment actually performed. Conclusion This study failed to prove that, when a family donor is available, allogeneic SCT produces a better outcome than autologous SCT or chemotherapy in children with VHR-ALL.
Total respiratory impedance measured by means of the forced oscillation technique in subjects with and without respiratory complaints
Authors: HG Pasker, R Schepers, J Clement, KP Van de Woestijne
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the forced oscillation technique is more sensitive than spirometry to detect lung function alterations in subjects with respiratory complaints. The input impedance of the respiratory system (between 2 and 24 Hz) and maximal expiratory flows and volumes were measured in 1,255 subjects referred for routine spirometry. A questionnaire concerning respiratory complaints was administered. A discriminant analysis was performed between subgroups of subjects without (137 males and 140 females), with moderate (115 males and 109 females) and with marked respiratory complaints (149 males and 132 females). A clear-cut separation was achieved by this analysis only between those subjects without and with marked complaints. Both lung volumes and flows as well as impedance parameters (mean value and frequency dependence of resistance in females, mean resistance in males) contributed to the discrimination of subjects without and with marked respiratory complaints, although there was only a moderate decrease of discriminative power when the impedance parameters were excluded. The contribution of the forced oscillation parameters to discriminative power was larger in females than in males (40 vs 19%), which may be related to the higher prevalence of asthma in our population of females. Excluding the subjects with marked functional impairment improved the share of forced oscillation parameters only slightly with respect to lung volumes and flows (females 54 vs males 23%). Considered separately, however, the sensitivity of spirometry and forced oscillation technique to detect symptomatic people appeared to be similar. We conclude that impedance measurements by forced oscillation technique and routine spirometry are both associated with respiratory complaints. Our results indicate that the information provided by impedance measurements can be complimentary to that obtained by spirometric indices.
Sports-Related Sudden Death in the General Population
Authors: Eloi Marijon, Muriel Tafflet, David S. Celermajer, Florence Dumas, Marie-Cécile Perier, Hazrije Mustafic, Jean-François Toussaint, Michel Desnos, Michel Rieu, Nordine Benameur, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Jean-Philippe Empana, Xavier Jouven
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Although such data are available for young competitive athletes, the prevalence, characteristics, and outcome of sports-related sudden death have not been assessed previously in the general population. Methods and Results— A prospective and comprehensive national survey was performed throughout France from 2005 to 2010, involving subjects 10 to 75 years of age. Case detection for sports-related sudden death, including resuscitated cardiac arrest, was undertaken via national ambulance service reporting and Web-based screening of media releases. The overall burden of sports-related sudden death was 4.6 cases per million population per year, with 6% of cases occurring in young competitive athletes. Sensitivity analyses used to address suspected underreporting demonstrated an incidence ranging from 5 to 17 new cases per million population per year. More than 90% of cases occurred in the context of recreational sports. The age of subjects was relatively young (mean±SD 46±15 years), with a predominance of men (95%). Although most cases were witnessed (93%), bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was only commenced in 30.7% of cases. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (odds ratio 3.73, 95% confidence interval 2.19 to 6.39, P &lt;0.0001) and initial use of cardiac defibrillation (odds ratio 3.71, 95% confidence interval 2.07 to 6.64, P &lt;0.0001) were the strongest independent predictors for survival to hospital discharge (15.7%, 95% confidence interval 13.2% to 18.2%). Conclusions— Sports-related sudden death in the general population is considerably more common than previously suspected. Most cases are witnessed, yet bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was only initiated in one third of cases. Given the often predictable setting of sports-related sudden death and that prompt interventions were significantly associated with improved survival, these data have implications for health services planning.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis
Authors: Shadi Baniasadi, Fanak Fahimi, Payam Tabarsi, Seyed Alireza Nadji, Shadi Khabiri, Nahid Shahsavari, Farzad Kobarfard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the process of adjusting drug dosages based on serum concentration data. Several reports have shown altered pharmacokinetic profiles for the anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in HIV patients. Such patients may benefit from TDM and early interventions may prevent the development of further drug resistance.  Aims: This study aimed to determine serum isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), and pyrazinamide (PZA) concentrations in a cohort of patients with HIV-related TB who were treated in a referral TB center.  Methods: Twenty HIV-infected patients who received 4 first-line anti-TB drugs for active TB were eligible for the study. Venous blood was obtained 2 h after daily dose of INH (5mg/kg), RIF (10 mg/kg), and PZA (25 mg/kg). Serum levels of anti-TB drugs were analyzed using high –pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compared with published normal ranges.  Results: Of the 20 patients (mean age 36.25 years, range 30-57 years), 18 (90%) had a very low maximum concentration of INH (  Conclusions: Low serum concentrations of INH, RIF, and PZA, which may be related to malabsorption, are common in HIV-infected TB patients. TDM of anti-TB drugs may helps clinicians to optimize drug therapy and improve TB cure rates.
Distinct Altered Patterns of p27KIP1 Gene Expression in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Andrew Koff, Marija Drobnjak, Paola Capodieci, Iman Osman, S. Sean Millard, Paul B. Gaudin, Melissa Fazzari, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Joan Massague, Howard I. Scher
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Background: The p27KIP1 gene, whose protein product is a negative regulator of the cell cycle, is a potential tumor suppressor gene; however, no tumor-specific mutations of this gene have been found in humans. This study was undertaken to identify and to assess potential alterations of p27KIP1 gene expression in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and patients with prostate cancer. Methods: We analyzed 130 prostate carcinomas from primary and metastatic sites, as well as prostate samples from normal subjects and from patients with BPH. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to determine the levels of expression and the microanatomical localization of p27 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA), respectively. Immunoblotting and immunodepletion assays were performed on a subset of the prostate tumors. Associations between alterations in p27KIP1 expression and clinicopathologic variables were evaluated with a nonparametric test. The Kaplan-Meier method and the logrank test were used to compare disease-relapse-free survival. Prostate tissues of p27KIP1 null (i.e., knock-out) and wild-type mice were also evaluated. Results: Normal human prostate tissue exhibited abundant amounts of p27 protein and high levels of p27KIP1 mRNA in both epithelial cells and stromal cells. However, p27 protein and p27KIP1 mRNA were almost undetectable in epithelial cells and stromal cells of BPH lesions. Furthermore, p27KIP1 null mice developed enlarged (hyperplastic) prostate glands. In contrast to BPH, prostate carcinomas were found to contain abundant p27KIP1 mRNA but either high or low to undetectable levels of p27 protein. Primary prostate carcinomas expressing lower levels of p27 protein appeared to be biologically more aggressive (two-sided P = .019 [Cox regression analysis]). Conclusions/Implications: On the basis of these results, we infer that loss of p27KIP1 expression in the human prostate may be causally linked to BPH and that BPH is not a precursor to prostate cancer. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:1284- 91]
Shell Shock and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Historical Review
Authors: Edgar Jones, Nicola T. Fear, Simon Wessely
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Mild traumatic brain injury is now claimed to be the signature injury of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. During World War I, shell shock came to occupy a similar position of prominence, and postconcussional syndrome assumed some importance in World War II. In this article, the nature of shell shock, its clinical presentation, the military context, hypotheses of causation, and issues of management are explored to discover whether there are contemporary relevancies to the current issue of mild traumatic brain injury. When shell shock was first postulated, it was assumed to be the product of a head injury or toxic exposure. However, subsequent clinical studies suggested that this view was too simplistic, and explanations soon oscillated between the strictly organic and the psychological as well as the behavioral. Despite a vigorous debate, physicians failed to identify or confirm characteristic distinctions. The experiences of the armed forces of both the United States and the United Kingdom during World Wars I and II led to two conclusions: that there were dangers in labeling anything as a unique "signature" injury and that disorders that cross any divide between physical and psychological require a nuanced view of their interpretation and treatment. These findings suggest that the hard-won lessons of shell shock continue to have relevance today.
Orally Administered Bifidobacteria as Vehicles for Delivery of Agents to Systemic Tumors
Authors: Michelle Cronin, David Morrissey, Simon Rajendran, Shereen M El Mashad, Douwe van Sinderen, Gerald C O'Sullivan, Mark Tangney
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Certain bacteria have emerged as biological gene vectors with natural tumor specificity, capable of specifically delivering genes or gene products to the tumor environment when intravenously (i.v.) administered to rodent models. We show for the first time that oral administration of bacteria to mice resulted in their translocation from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with subsequent homing to and replication specifically in tumors. The commensal, nonpathogenic Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 harboring a plasmid expressing lux fed to mice bearing subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors were readily detected specifically in tumors, by live whole-body imaging, at levels similar to i.v. administration. Reporter gene expression was visible for >2 weeks in tumors. Mice remained healthy throughout experiments. Cytokine analyses indicated a significant upregulation of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the GIT of bifidobacteria-fed mice, which is associated with increases in epithelial permeability. However, B. breve feeding did not increase systemic levels of other commensal bacteria. The presence of tumor was not necessary for translocation to systemic organs to occur. These findings indicate potential for safe and efficient gene-based treatment and/or detection of tumors via ingestion of nonpathogenic bacteria expressing therapeutic or reporter genes. Certain bacteria have emerged as biological gene vectors with natural tumor specificity, capable of specifically delivering genes or gene products to the tumor environment when intravenously (i.v.) administered to rodent models. We show for the first time that oral administration of bacteria to mice resulted in their translocation from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) with subsequent homing to and replication specifically in tumors. The commensal, nonpathogenic Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 harboring a plasmid expressing lux fed to mice bearing subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors were readily detected specifically in tumors, by live whole-body imaging, at levels similar to i.v. administration. Reporter gene expression was visible for >2 weeks in tumors. Mice remained healthy throughout experiments. Cytokine analyses indicated a significant upregulation of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the GIT of bifidobacteria-fed mice, which is associated with increases in epithelial permeability. However, B. breve feeding did not increase systemic levels of other commensal bacteria. The presence of tumor was not necessary for translocation to systemic organs to occur. These findings indicate potential for safe and efficient gene-based treatment and/or detection of tumors via ingestion of nonpathogenic bacteria expressing therapeutic or reporter genes.
Smoking status, disease duration, and educational level in females, are related to asthma school participation
Authors: F. Gallefoss, P.s Bakke, I.J.h Wang, M.e Gilja, A Gulsvik
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Limited data is available on those who do not want to attend an asthma school. Two hundred and forty-five asthmatics aged 18-65 yrs with an FEV1 >50% predicted who had been seen at our outpatient asthma clinic within the last 3 yrs were invited to participate in an asthma school. The patients were contacted by phone by a nurse, offered a 2 day asthma school without personal costs. Altogether 78% of those contacted answered positively. In a logistic regression analysis including sex, age, smoking status, educational level, asthma duration and own opinion of the disease, the-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for nonsmokers wanting to participate versus smokers was 4.0 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8-8.3). The corresponding figure for patients with a recent asthma attack was 3.4 (95% CI: 1.5-7.6) compared to those without. For every 10 yr duration of disease the OR for wanting to take part in the asthma school increased by 1.6 (95% CI: 1.0-2.3). When analysing males and females separately, highly educated females were less willing to take part, while an opposite tendency was present in males. In conclusion those interested in taking part in an asthma school were characterized by highly motivated nonsmokers with long duration of disease and with a recent asthma attack, and not being highly educated females.
Soluble Neprilysin Is Predictive of Cardiovascular Death and Heart Failure Hospitalization in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Antoni Bayés-Genís, Jaume Barallat, Amparo Galán, Marta de Antonio, Mar Domingo, Elisabet Zamora, Agustín Urrutia, Josep Lupón
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
STUDIES ON GONOCOCCUS INFECTION
Authors: John Swanson, Stephen J. Kraus, Emil C. Gotschlich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The four colony types of several different strains of gonococci were isolated by selective transfers on agar. These colony variants differed in the degree of autoagglutination which occurred when they were grown in fluid medium. It was found that this clumping behavior was related to the colonial type, with type 2 isolates exhibiting the greatest autoagglutination followed by types 3, 1, and 4. Electron microscopic examination of thin sections indicated that the clumping in fluid medium was mediated by peculiar zones of adherence of the outer membranes of gonococci. These resembled the gap junctions seen in animal cell systems but differed in that the gonococcal membranes involved in the zone of adherence did not bear typical surface modifications. Electron microscopic study of negatively stained specimens of gonococci revealed that pili with a diameter of approximately 85 A and a length up to 4 µ were present on the surfaces of all type 1 and type 2 gonococci examined, and were not seen on any type 3 or 4 gonococci. The consistent presence of pili on type 1 and type 2 gonococci which are virulent colony forms and the lack of pili on avirulent colony types 3 and 4 suggests a relationship between the gonococcal pili and pathogenetic potential of the organisms.