tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physostigmine: Value in Treatment of Central Toxic Effects of Anticholinergic Drugs
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In the current issue of<i>Archives of General Psychiatry</i>(23:375-380, 1975), Granacher and Baldessarini note that a number of drugs that have anticholinergic action, in addition to provoking peripheral manifestations, can have serious toxic effects on the central nervous system, characterized by delirium, anxiety, hyperactivity, hallucinations, disorientation, and seizures. The list of drugs is long and includes antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs, antihistamines, antispasmodics, and antiparkinsonian agents. Granacher and Baldessarini believe that too few psychiatrists are aware that administration of physostigmine salicylate parenterally is the specific treatment for the central toxic effects of anticholinergic agents. Although relief of peripheral effects can be attained by administering other cholinergic drugs, they have no action on the central toxic effects because they do not cross the blood-brain barrier, which is something physostigmine does easily. To support their view on the value of physostigmine, the authors report four cases in which patients developed central anticholinergic toxic
Polyp-simulating Mucosal Prolapse Syndrome in (Pre-) Diverticular Disease
Authors: E.M.H. Mathus-Vliegen, G.N.J. Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Eight patients with anal blood loss were referred for endoscopic polyp removal (4) or because of problems with the differential diagnosis (4). These patients were referred because of an apparent discrepancy between the initial diagnosis (malignancy, ulcerative colitis and hemangioma) and the clinical and/or radiographic and endoscopic findings. At endoscopy a polyp-simulating lesion was found in all patients; this was not adenomatous in nature, but was made up of bright red, hyperemic prolapsing redundant mucosa. Also, polypoid excrescences were present with a clearly distinguishable transition between the intensely red congested mucosa and the normal pink adjacent epithelium at the base of the stalk. The distribution of the lesions was confined to the sigmoid area. After institution of a fibre-enriched diet, regression of the lesions was documented. However, the conspicuous hypercontractility and thickening of the mucosal layer persisted. The clinical significance of the recognition of this polyp-simulating mucosal prolapse syndrome lies in the fact that endoscopic polyp removal is not indicated and that such abnormalities may be responsible for low-grade, chronic and recurrent bleeding.
Clinical correlates of elevated plasma natriuretic peptides and Big endothelin‐1 in a population of ambulatory patients with heart failure. A sub‐study of the Italian Network on Congestive Heart Failure — IN‐CHF — registry
Authors: Aldo P. Maggioni, Serge Masson, Donata Lucci, Monica Salio, Marco Gorini, Lucia Magliani, Ugo Milanese, Rolando Mangia, G. Bardelli, Roberto Latini
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Epstein-Barr Virus–Infected Resting Memory B Cells, Not Proliferating Lymphoblasts, Accumulate in the Peripheral Blood of Immunosuppressed Patients
Authors: Gregory J. Babcock, Lisa L. Decker, Richard B. Freeman, David A. Thorley-Lawson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

When Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects B cells in vitro, the result is a proliferating lymphoblast that expresses at least nine latent proteins. It is generally believed that these cells are rigorously controlled in vivo by cytotoxic T cells. Consistent with this, the latently infected cells in the peripheral blood of healthy carriers are not lymphoblasts. Rather, they are resting memory B cells that are probably not subject to direct immunosurveillance by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). When patients become immunosuppressed, the viral load increases in the peripheral blood. The expansion of proliferating lymphoblasts due to the suppressed CTL response is believed to account for this increase and is considered to be a major risk factor for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) and AIDS-associated B cell lymphoma. Here we show that there is an increase in the numbers of latently infected cells in the peripheral blood of immunosuppressed patients. However, the cells are not proliferating lymphoblasts. They are all latently infected, resting, memory B cells—the same population of infected cells found in the blood of healthy carriers. These results are discussed in the context of a model for EBV persistence that explains why PTLD is usually limited to the lymph nodes.
Effects of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Treatment on H-2 Expression and Susceptibility to NK-- or Cytotoxic T--Lymphocyte-Mediated Lysis of the YAC-1 Lymphoma and Its beta2--Microglobulin--Deficient Variant1
Authors: T. Yamasaki, G. Klein, H.-G. Ljunggren, P. Hoglund, C. Ohlen, M. G. E. Petersson, K. Karre
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article Effects of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Treatment on H–2 Expression and Susceptibility to NK— or Cytotoxic T—Lymphocyte–Mediated Lysis of the YAC–1 Lymphoma and Its β2—Microglobulin—Deficient Variant1 Get access Toshiki Yamasaki, Toshiki Yamasaki 3Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska InstituteBox 60400 S-10401, Stockholm, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George Klein, George Klein 3Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska InstituteBox 60400 S-10401, Stockholm, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren 3Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska InstituteBox 60400 S-10401, Stockholm, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Petter Höglund, Petter Höglund 3Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska InstituteBox 60400 S-10401, Stockholm, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Claes Öhlén, Claes Öhlén 3Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska InstituteBox 60400 S-10401, Stockholm, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Max G. E. Petersson, Max G. E. Petersson 4Department of Immunology, Karolinska Institute Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Klas Kärre Klas Kärre 3Department of Tumor Biology, Karolinska InstituteBox 60400 S-10401, Stockholm, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 4, 20 April 1988, Pages 263–269, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.4.263 Published: 20 April 1988 Article history Received: 02 September 1987 Accepted: 21 September 1987 Published: 20 April 1988
Parental History and Myopia: Taking the Long View-Reply
Authors: Karla Zadnik
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the responses of Drs Chew and Ritch and Dr Wallman to our work. We agree that there is still much work to be done in the important area of myopia development. While our report represents cross-sectional results from a 7-year longitudinal investigation of juvenileonset myopia, we believe that our original discussion was fair and measured and that our conclusions were based on standard analytic techniques. Recent research, based on lower vertebrates,<sup>1</sup>has been designed to look exclusively at environmental causes of myopia. We believe our work in humans suggests the possible significance of genetic factors, an area that has received little research attention since 1978. Wallman raised the possibility of parents' refractive error being related to a child's propensity for near work. We assessed near work and parental refractive error history in the same statistical model, with an analysis designed to give the relevant variables
TOXICITY IN HYSTERIA, EPILEPSY AND NEURASTHENIA—RELATIONS AND TREATMENT.
Authors: ALBERT E. STERNE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Of the many causes of hysteria, epilepsy and neurasthenia one of the most frequent and important seems to me to be toxicity in some form. Yet it has heretofore received little attention as an etiologic factor in the induction of these affections, all of which may be regarded as diatheses of more or less profound nature. To the toxic element in these diseases I wish especially to draw your notice. The term toxicity should, however, be used in its broadest sense, namely, functional cellular perversion, causing or being caused by abnormal chemic reactions. The ordinary forms of hysteria are certainly functional. I do not believe we shall ever discover pathologic alterations in the central nervous system, even of minute degree, upon which we may base those manifestations which we call hysteric. By this, however, we do not mean to assert that hysteria may not depend directly upon an organic lesion
SURGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ABDOMINAL TUMORS.
Authors: W. H. EARLES
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The importance of this subject appeals toall of us and therefore no apology is needed for engrossing your attention. That diagnosis should precede operation is such a rational assumption that it has almost a natural claim upon all operators, and this claim should, whenever possible, be respected. That it does not always receive the attention and consideration it merits, will be generally conceded, and that failure in diagnosis frequently leads to unnecessary operative work and occasionally to unfortunate results, clinical records sufficiently prove. It is not possible within the space allotted to this paper to do anything more than merely sketch the most urgent necessities of this great field of surgical effort, and to invite attention to certain lines of thought which should occupy the mind of every abdominal surgeon. In doing this it will be a privilege to suggest a few new thoughts while reviewing many old ones, in
Iodine Ointment for Epidermophytosis Interdigitale
Authors: B. G. Shapiro
Journal: BMJ (1941)

<h3>Abstract</h3> If a health care workers (HCW) experiences COVID-19 associated symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 testing must be performed as soon as possible, to prevent transmission of the virus and to guarantee continuity of care. The gold standard for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, RT-PCR, has a high sensitivity but usually takes 6-8 hours. Lateral flow antigen assays take only 15-30 minutes and do not need any high tech equipment. In a prospective study of our hospital’s HCWs, we evaluated the sensitivity of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test (Abbott) against the molecular test Aptima™ SARS-CoV-2 Assay (Hologic) which uses Transcription Mediated Amplification (TMA). TMA positive samples were further subjected to a quantitative real-time SARS-CoV-2 PCR to obtain Ct values as an indication of the viral load. Of 1101 HCWs included in the study between November 2020 and February 2021, 84 (7.6%) were TMA positive, of which 48 (57.1%) were antigen test positive. Most false negative antigen test results occurred if the duration of symptoms had been ≤1 day or ≥7 days. Sensitivities for symptom onset of ≤1, 2 or 3 days were 47.1%, 63.0% and 66.7% respectively. The Panbio™ rapid test is fast and easy to perform, but is not a suitable SARS-CoV-2 test to confirm or exclude COVID-19 in HCWs with a very recent onset of symptoms.
Allergic aspergillosis: review of 32 cases
Authors: A. H. Henderson
Journal: Thorax (1968)

Vestibular neuronitis is an interesting condition characterized by the acute onset of vertigo, nausea and vomiting, in the absence of hearing loss or tinnitus. There is often evidence of a recent or concurrent upper respiratory tract infection. The disease follows a benign course of between two days and six weeks. It often occurs in epidemics. Following the acute attack, mild transitory episodes of dizziness may recur over a period of 12 to 18 months. Clinical and histopathological evidence suggests that it is caused by an isolated lesion of the vestibular nerve, although the exact aetiology remains obscure. Vestibular neuronitis is a relatively common condition in general practice, but has lacked clear definition, partly as a result of confusion over its nomenclature. Current knowledge of vestibular neuronitis is reviewed. Clinical diagnostic criteria are described, and the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the syndrome in general practice are outlined. There remains a need to describe the occurrence of vestibular neuronitis in general practice in greater detail.
Military Medical Schools
Authors: Norman B. Roberg
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Egan's EDITORIAL (219:1471, 1972) deplored the passage by the House of Representatives of a bill establishing medical schools under the US Department of Defense, and recommended the alternative— scholarships in our present civilian schools for students interested in careers in the medical departments of the armed services. The advantages of such scholarships over the establishment of military medical academies should appeal to the Department of Defense and to the Congress, as well as to those physicians familiar with both medical education and military medicine. The scholarships would be economical of teachers and of money; the medical schools would need only to develop teaching in the area of military medicine; and the Department of Defense would be spared a further responsibility. The government can offer the same contracts and inducements to the holders of military scholarships in civilian schools, as it would to students entering military academies.
Cockroach allergy and asthma in a 30-year-old man.
Authors: G T O'Connor, D R Gold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

A growing body of evidence has implicated allergens derived from cockroaches as an important environmental factor that may aggravate asthma in sensitized persons. We present the case of a 30-year-old man with asthma and a cockroach allergy. Allergy skin testing confirmed hypersensitivity to cockroach extract, and a home visit revealed visual evidence of infestation and the presence of Bla g 1 German cockroach allergen in vacuumed dust. As is typical of patients with a cockroach allergy and asthma, multiple factors in addition to cockroach allergen appeared to aggravate the patient's asthma. A multimodality therapeutic regimen, which included medications as well as cleaning of the home, integrated pest management, and professional application of chemical controls, resulted in substantial clinical improvement. The pathophysiology, epidemiology, and clinical features of cockroach-allergic asthma are reviewed, and an approach to diagnosis and management is suggested.
Unexplained Chest Pain: The Hypersensitive, Hyperreactive, and Poorly Compliant Esophagus
Authors: Satish Sanku Chander Rao, Hans Gregersen, Bernard Hayek, Robert W. Summers, James Christensen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To determine whether neuromuscular dysfunction of the esophagus causes chest pain in patients in whom no disease is found on cardiac work-up, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, esophageal manometry, and 24-hour pH studies. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: 24 consecutive patients and 12 healthy controls. Measurements: A new technique, impedance planimetry, was used to measure the sensory, motor, and biomechanical properties of the human esophagus. The impedance planimeter, which consists of a probe with four ring electrodes, three pressure sensors, and a balloon, simultaneously measures intraluminal pressure and cross-sectional areas. This allows calculation of the biomechanical variables of the esophageal wall. Results: Stepwise balloon distentions from 5 to 50 cm H2O induced a first sensation at a mean pressure (±SD) of 15 ± 9 cm H2O in patients and 30 ± 11 cm H2O in controls (P < 0.001). Moderate discomfort and pain were reported by 20 of 24 patients (83%) at 26 ± 9 cm H2O and at 36 ± 9 cm H2O, respectively, but by none of the controls (P < 0.001). Typical chest pain was reproduced in 20 of 24 patients (83%). In patients, the reactivity of the esophagus to balloon distention was greater (P = 0.01), the pressure elastic modulus was higher (P = 0.02), and the tension-strain association showed that the esophageal wall was less distensible (P = 0.02). Distention excited tertiary contractions and secondary peristalsis at a lower threshold of pressure (P = 0.05) and with a higher motility index in patients than in controls (P = 0.04). Conclusion: In patients with chest pain and normal cardiac and esophageal evaluations, impedance planimetry of the esophagus reproduces pain and is associated with a 50% lower sensory threshold for pain, a 50% lower threshold for reactive contractions, and reduced esophageal compliance.
Epitopes associated with the MHC restriction site of T cells. II. Somatic generation of Iat epitopes on T cells in radiation bone marrow chimeras.
Authors: Y Asano, T Tada
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

We described in this paper systematic alterations in the expression of unique I region controlled epitopes on helper T cells (Th) in chimeras according to the changes in their H-2 restriction specificity. Taking advantage of the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies (anti-Iat) putatively specific for the epitopes indirectly controlled by I region and expressed in association with the Iak restriction site of Th, we examined the alterations of these epitopes on Th cells from various bone marrow chimeras. Iatk epitopes were physiologically expressed on Iak-restricted but not on Iab-restricted Th cells in (H-2k X H-2b)F1 mice. In the chimeric condition, the H-2k-restricted Th of B6----F1 chimera acquired the expression of Iatk even though B6 Th is unable to express Iatk when developed under the physiologic condition. Iatk are also found on Th of fully allogeneic chimera of B6----C3H, whereas Th cells of C3H----B6 completely lost the Iatk expression. These results indicate that Iat epitopes originally defined as unique I region-controlled determinants selectively expressed on T cells are not encoded by the I region genes but are associated with the T cell receptor that sees the self Ia. The epitopes undergo the adaptive alterations according to the acquisition of a new MHC restriction. This is the first example to demonstrate the epitope associated with T cell receptor which undergo the systematic adaptive differentiation.
Detection of neoplasia at colonoscopy: What next?
Authors: D. Rex
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

The large multicenter European tandem colonoscopy study reported in this issue of Endoscopy reminds us that colonoscopy misses many small and some large polyps and adenomas [1]. The novel observation in this study of greatest value is that the miss rate of flat lesions is higher than that of sessile and pedunculated lesions. This result has not been previously tested directly in a tandem study [2] [3] [4] [5] [6], though other study designs have suggested it [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]. Two findings in the study should be viewed with suspicion. First is that multiple polyps at baseline predict a lower miss rate. Other studies have found the opposite result [3] and in postpolypectomy surveillance studies patients with three or more adenomas at baseline consistently have an increased risk of advanced adenomas at follow-up [15]. The explanation is certainly (at least in part) that the greater the number of adenomas the patient has, the greater the opportunity that one or more will be missed. Second, the observation that left-sided lesions are more likely to be missed also runs against findings of previous miss rate studies [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] as well as the observation that interval cancers tend to cluster in the right colon [16] [17]. To their credit, the authors recognize these inconsistencies between their own and previous findings.
Enhanced Percolation and Gene Expression in Tumor Hypoxia by PEGylated Polyplex Micelles
Authors: Muri Han, Makoto Oba, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Mitsunobu R Kano, Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh, Kazunori Kataoka
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

In regard to gene vectors for cancer gene therapy, their percolation into the tumor tissue should be essential for successful outcome. Here, we studied the tumor penetrability of nonviral vectors (polyplexes) after incubation with the multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) models and intratumoral (i.t.) injection into subcutaneous tumors. As a result, polyethylene glycolated (PEGylated), core–shell type polyplexes (polyplex micelles) showed facilitated percolation and improved transfection inside the tumor tissue, whereas conventional polyplexes from cationic polymers exhibited limited percolation and localized transfection. Furthermore, the transfection of hypoxia-responsive plasmid demonstrated that polyplex micelles allowed the transfection to the hypoxic region of the tumor tissue in both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments. To the best of our knowledge, our results demonstrated for the first time that polyplex micelles might show improved tumor penetrability over cationic polyplexes, thereby achieving transfection into the inside of the tumor tissue.
EXPERIMENTAL FOCALIZED MYOCARDIAL LESIONS PRODUCED WITH STREPTOCOCCUS MITIS
Authors: William Thalhimer, M. A. Rothschild
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

1. By the intravenous injection into rabbits of Streptococcus mitis, we have produced focalized myocardial lesions which are identical with those caused by the injection of Streptococcus rheumaticus, and with those produced by Bracht and Wächter with Streptococcus viridans. 2. The lesions differ from those which we produced by injections of streptococci from the Chicago epidemic of sore throat (epidemic streptococcus). 3. The lesions are not identical with Aschoff bodies and are easily differentiated from them. They also differ from the foci produced by Jackson and Coombs, who describe their lesions as being either Aschoff bodies or similar formations. 4. The myocardial lesions of the rabbit appear to be caused by toxins liberated by the streptococci injected and not by the living organisms themselves. 5. The only point of similarity between the experimental lesions and those found in cases of rheumatic carditis in man is their focalized nature.
Case 13-1974
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Richard E. Wilson, Sanford I. Roth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Presentation of CaseA 30-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hypercalcemia.At the age of 12 years a routine examination disclosed proteinuria, and further evaluation revealed agenesis of the right kidney. Seven years later he first came to this hospital because of pneumonia, from which he recovered promptly. The urea nitrogen was 33 mg per 100 ml. An intravenous pyelographic examination demonstrated absence of the right kidney; the left kidney had diminished function, and the intrarenal collecting system was poorly seen. One year thereafter he returned to the hospital because of abdominal pain, for which no cause . . .