tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Continuing Education for the Rural Physician
Authors: J. Cuthbert Owens
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A two-day continuing education course in emergency care was presented in small communities of Colorado and Wyoming to 349 rural physicians. Eighty percent of the physicians in those areas participated, indicating the interest of rural practitioners in updating their training if they can do so in their own communities. Continuity of care in the communities was provided by university residents covering local hospitals and clinics. The cost was comparable with other forms of continuing education; there was no tuition fee. The success of the program suggests that the special problems of providing education in rural areas require special solutions. Courses must be designed to reach all rural physicians to satisfy the increasing demand for continuing medical education.
INCREASED VASCULAR STIFFNESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESENCE AND SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Fereshteh Hajsadeghi, Naser Ahmadi, Shahin Moshrefi, Michael Baskett, Vahid Nabavi, Hussain Ismaeel, Samir Arnout, Ramin Ebrahimi, Matthew Budoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Low-dose aspirin for in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: T.A. Gelbaya, M. Kyrgiou, T.C. Li, C. Stern, L.G. Nardo
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2007)

Despite recent advances in ovarian stimulation regimens and laboratory techniques, the pregnancy rate of assisted reproduction remains relatively low. New methods that would potentially improve implantation rates are needed. One proposed strategy involves enhancement of blood flow at the implantation site with the use of low-dose aspirin. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of low-dose aspirin on likelihood of pregnancy in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). An electronic search of the literature was conducted targeting reports published over the last 26 years. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing aspirin with placebo or no treatment in IVF/ICSI women were included in the meta-analysis. A number of relevant outcomes including pregnancy and live birth (LB) rates were investigated. Pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. Inter-study heterogeneity among the trials was assessed using the Cochran's Q test. Ten RCTs were identified from the literature search, six of which met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Clinical pregnancy (CP) rate per embryo transfer (ET) was not found to be significantly different between patients who received low-dose aspirin and those who received placebo or no treatment (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.92–1.29). None of the other outcomes, including CP per cycle, spontaneous abortion or ectopic pregnancy per CP and LB rate per cycle or ET was found to differ significantly between the compared groups. On the basis of up-to-date evidence, low-dose aspirin has no substantial positive effect on likelihood of pregnancy and, therefore, it should not be routinely recommended for women undergoing IVF/ICSI.
YAP-Induced Resistance of Cancer Cells to Antitubulin Drugs Is Modulated by a Hippo-Independent Pathway
Authors: Yulei Zhao, Prem Khanal, Paul Savage, Yi-Min She, Terry D. Cyr, Xiaolong Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Although antitubulin drugs are used widely to treat human cancer, many patients display intrinsic or acquired drug resistance that imposes major obstacles to successful therapy. Mounting evidence argues that cancer cell apoptosis triggered by antitubulin drugs relies upon activation of the cell-cycle kinase Cdk1; however, mechanistic connections of this event to apoptosis remain obscure. In this study, we identified the antiapoptotic protein YAP, a core component of the Hippo signaling pathway implicated in tumorigenesis, as a critical linker coupling Cdk1 activation to apoptosis in the antitubulin drug response. Antitubulin drugs activated Cdk1, which directly phosphorylated YAP on five sites independent of the Hippo pathway. Mutations in these phosphorylation sites on YAP relieved its ability to block antitubulin drug-induced apoptosis, further suggesting that YAP was inactivated by Cdk1 phosphorylation. Notably, we found that YAP was not phosphorylated and inactivated after antitubulin drug treatment in taxol-resistant cancer cells. Our findings suggest YAP and its phosphorylation status as candidate prognostic markers in predicting antitubulin drug response in patients. Cancer Res; 74(16); 4493–503. ©2014 AACR.
Nicotinic Acid: Pharmacological Effects and Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Andreas Gille, Erik T. Bodor, Kashan Ahmed, Stefan Offermanns
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2007)

Pharmacological doses of nicotinic acid induce a profound change in the plasma levels of various lipids and lipoproteins. The ability of nicotinic acid to strongly increase the plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has in recent years led to an increased interest in the pharmacological potential of nicotinic acid. There is increasing evidence that nicotinic acid alone or in addition to LDL cholesterol-lowering drugs can reduce the progression of atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. The clinical use of nicotinic acid is, however, hindered by harmless but unpleasant side effects, especially by a strong cutaneous vasodilation called flushing. The recent discovery of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR109A (HM74A or PUMA-G) as a receptor for nicotinic acid has allowed for better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the metabolic and vascular effects of nicotinic acid. On the basis of recent progress in understanding the pharmacological effects of nicotinic acid, new strategies are in development to better exploit the pharmacological potential of nicotinic acid. New drugs acting via the nicotinic acid receptor or related receptors, as well as new co-medications that suppress unwanted effects of nicotinic acid, will most likely be introduced as new therapeutic options in the treatment of dyslipidemia and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Training quality and learning goals: Towards effective learning for all
Authors: Rosemary J. Stevenson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Howe, Davidson &amp; Sloboda's focus on learning has important implications because the amount and quality of training are relevant to all learners, not just those acquiring exceptional abilities. In this commentary, I discuss learning goals as an indicator of learning quality, and suggest that all learners can be guided towards more effective learning by shifting their learning goals.
Vasopressin Stimulates Ca <sup>2+</sup> Spiking Activity in A7r5 Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Activation of Phospholipase A <sub>2</sub>
Authors: Kenneth L. Byron
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract [Arg 8 ]-vasopressin (AVP) is both a potent vasoconstrictor and a mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells. AVP binds to a single class of receptors (V 1a ) in the A7r5 rat aortic smooth muscle cell line ( K d ≈2 nmol/L). Stimulation of these cells with AVP results in an increase in cytoplasmic free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) by releasing intracellular Ca 2+ stores and increasing Ca 2+ influx; the EC 50 for these effects is ≈5 nmol/L. AVP has recently been reported to stimulate arachidonic acid release in primary cultures of rat aortic smooth muscle over a much lower concentration range (EC 50 ≈0.05 nmol/L). The present study examined the effects of varying concentrations of AVP on spontaneous Ca 2+ spiking activity in fura 2–loaded A7r5 cells. Frequency of Ca 2+ spiking increased with increasing [AVP] in the range of 10 to 500 pmol/L. Higher concentrations of AVP inhibited spiking but elicited the characteristic [Ca 2+ ] i changes ascribed to the release of Ca 2+ stores and increased Ca 2+ entry. The effects of both low and high concentrations of AVP were inhibited by [1-(β-mercapto-β,β,-pentamethylenepropionic acid),2- O -methyltyrosine]arginine vasopressin, a selective V 1a vasopressin antagonist. Nimodipine (50 nmol/L), a blocker of L-type voltage-sensitive Ca 2+ channels, abolished the Ca 2+ -spiking activity without inhibiting a maximal [Ca 2+ ] i response to AVP (1 μmol/L). AVP-stimulated Ca 2+ spiking, but not release of intracellular Ca 2+ stores, was also abolished by ONO-RS-082 (1 μmol/L), an inhibitor of phospholipase A 2 . These results suggest that occupation of a small fraction of V 1a vasopressin receptors by AVP results in stimulation of phospholipase A 2 and leads to increased Ca 2+ -spiking activity. This effect may be important for fine tuning of vascular tone, whereas maximal stimulation by AVP (full receptor occupancy) may be required for more vigorous or sustained vasoconstriction or mitogenesis.
Presence of GAD Antibodies During Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Predicts Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Charlotta Nilsson, Dag Ursing, Carina Törn, Anders Åberg, Mona Landin-Olsson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We sought to study the frequency of beta-cell-specific autoantibody markers in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to follow these women to estimate the risk of later development of type 1 diabetes.Of 385 pregnant women with GDM during 1995-2005 in the district of Lund, 24 (6%) women were found positive for at least one of the following: islet cell antibody (ICA), GAD antibody (GADA), or tyrosine phosphatase antibody (IA-2A). The women were followed and autoantibodies reanalyzed. Those who had not developed diabetes did an oral glucose tolerance test. The frequencies of known risk factors for GDM were compared in women with GDM with and without pancreatic autoantibodies.Among the autoantibody-positive women, 50% had developed type 1 diabetes compared with none among the GDM control subjects (P = 0.001), 21% had impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance compared with 12.5% among control subjects (P = 0.3), and none had developed type 2 diabetes compared with 12.5% among control subjects (P = 0.1).Autoantibody screening in pregnant women with GDM and follow-up after delivery should be considered for early recognition of type 1 diabetes.
Leucoderma associated with flares of erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: four cases
Authors: A. Bouloc, F. Grange, M.H. Delfau-Larue, M.T. Dieng, M.C. Tortel, M.F. Avril, J. Revuz, M. Bagot, J. Wechsler, None For The French Study Group Of Cutan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Leucoderma associated with flares of erythrodermic cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas: four cases Get access A. Bouloc, A. Bouloc Departments of Dermatology, Anne Bouloc. E‐mail: bouloc@univ‐paris12.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Grange, F. Grange Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.H. Delfau‐Larue, M.H. Delfau‐Larue Immunobiology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.T. Dieng, M.T. Dieng Department of Dermatology, Dakar, Senegal, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.C. Tortel, M.C. Tortel Pathology, Hospices Civils de Colmar, France, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.F. Avril, M.F. Avril Department of Dermatology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Revuz, J. Revuz Departments of Dermatology, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Bagot, M. Bagot Departments of Dermatology, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Wechsler, J. Wechsler Departments of Dermatology,Pathology, Hospital Henri‐Mondor AP‐HP, Paris XII University Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France Departments of Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar For The French Study Group Of Cutaneous Lymphomas For The French Study Group Of Cutaneous Lymphomas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 4, 1 October 2000, Pages 832–836, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03851.x Published: 01 October 2000
Predisposing factors to post-operative adhesion development
Authors: C. N. Fortin, G. M. Saed, M. P. Diamond
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2015)

BACKGROUNDAdhesion development is the most common sequelae of intra-abdominal and pelvic surgery and represents a significant, yet poorly understood, cause of morbidity among post-operative patients. It remains unclear, for example, exactly why adhesions form more frequently in certain tissues and/or patients, or at specific locations within them, as opposed to others. This review contributes to the growing knowledge pool by elucidating factors that potentially predispose to the development of adhesions. Given the strong correlation between a hypofibrinolytic state and adhesion formation, this review article will examine not only those factors that have been shown to directly predispose to adhesion development, but also those that are likely do so indirectly by means of altering the coagulation/fibrinolytic profile.
Disordered Cognition and Stimulus Processing
Authors: JEFFREY L. HOUPT, GARY J. TUCKER, MARTIN HARROW
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The perceptual style of processing stimuli (kinesthetic figural aftereffects) by 53 acute psychiatric inpatients was related to disorders in their perceptual experience of the environment and in their formal thought processes (overinclusive and idiosyncratic thinking). Psychiatric patients who reduced incoming stimuli also manifested greater abnormal perceptual experiences and thought disturbances. At the time of hospitalization the schizophrenics reduced incoming stimuli to a greater extent than did the nonschizophrenics and latent schizophrenics.
Phase III Trial of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Compared With Observation in Patients With Locally Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Neurocognitive and Quality-of-Life Analysis
Authors: Alexander Sun, Kyounghwa Bae, Elizabeth M. Gore, Benjamin Movsas, Stuart J. Wong, Christina A. Meyers, James A. Bonner, Steven E. Schild, Laurie E. Gaspar, Jeffery A. Bogart, Maria Werner-Wasik, Hak Choy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

There are scant data regarding the effects of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) on neurocognitive function (NCF) and quality of life (QOL). Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 0214 showed no overall survival (OS) benefit for PCI in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at 1 year. However, there was a significant decrease in brain metastases (BM). This analysis focuses on the impact of PCI on NCF and QOL.Patients with stage III NSCLC who completed definitive therapy without progression were randomly assigned to PCI or observation. NCF was assessed with Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADLS), and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT). QOL was assessed with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core tool (QOL Questionnaire-QLQC30) and brain module (QLQBN20).There were no statistically significant differences at 1 year between the two arms in any component of the EORTC-QLQC30 or QLQBN20 (P > .05), although a trend for greater decline in patient-reported cognitive functioning with PCI was noted. There were no significant differences in MMSE (P = .60) or ADLS (P = .88). However, for HVLT, there was greater decline in immediate recall (P = .03) and delayed recall (P = .008) in the PCI arm at 1 year.PCI in stage III NSCLC significantly decreases the risk of BM without improving 1-year OS. There were no significant differences in global cognitive function (MMSE) or QOL after PCI, but there was a significant decline in memory (HVLT) at 1 year. This study provides prospective data regarding the relative risks and benefits of PCI in this setting and the need to use sensitive cognitive assessments.
Endocrine Regulation of the Fasting Response by PPARα-Mediated Induction of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21
Authors: Takeshi Inagaki, Paul Dutchak, Guixiang Zhao, Xunshan Ding, Laurent Gautron, Vinay Parameswara, Yong Li, Regina Goetz, Moosa Mohammadi, Victoria Esser, Joel K. Elmquist, Robert D. Gerard, Shawn C. Burgess, Robert E. Hammer, David J. Mangelsdorf, Steven A. Kliewer
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2007)
Improvement in Coronary Flow Reserve Determined by Positron Emission Tomography After 6 Months of Cholesterol-Lowering Therapy in Patients With Early Stages of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Detlev Baller, Gunawan Notohamiprodjo, Ulrich Gleichmann, Jens Holzinger, Reiner Weise, Joachim Lehmann
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Early stages of coronary atherosclerosis are characterized by a mainly functional impairment of coronary vasodilator capacity under the impact of such risk factors as hypercholesterolemia. The goal of this study was to determine whether 6-month cholesterol-lowering therapy improves coronary flow reserve in patients with angina, reduced flow reserve despite minimally diseased coronary vessels or even normal angiogram, and mild to moderately elevated LDL levels on average. Methods and Results —We noninvasively investigated 23 consecutive patients (18 men, 5 women; mean age, 56±7.6 years) with a mean LDL level of 165±34 mg/dL at baseline by PET for myocardial blood flow measurement with [ 13 N]ammonia at rest and under dipyridamole stress (0.56 mg/kg) before and after lipid-lowering therapy with simvastatin for 6 months. Between baseline and the 6-month follow-up, total cholesterol concentration fell from 241±44 to 168±34 mg/dL, and the LDL level decreased from 165±34 to 95±26 mg/dL ( P &lt;0.001). Overall, coronary flow reserve increased from 2.2±0.6 to 2.64±0.6 ( P &lt;0.01). Maximal coronary flow increased significantly from 182±36 to 238±58 mL/min×100 g ( P &lt;0.001) at follow-up. Minimum coronary resistance declined significantly from 0.51±0.12 to 0.40±0.14 mm Hg · mL −1 · min×100 g ( P &lt;0.001). Concomitantly, a regression of anginal symptoms was observed in most patients. Conclusions —Our results suggest that cholesterol-lowering therapy with simvastatin may improve overall coronary vasodilator capacity assessed noninvasively by PET in patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. Consequently, intensive lipid-lowering therapy is considered a vasoprotective treatment for selected patients in very early stages of coronary atherosclerosis with the potential of preventing further disease progression.
Serum adipokines in patients with psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis alone and their correlation with disease activity
Authors: Lihi Eder, Jai Jayakar, Remy Pollock, Fawnda Pellett, Arane Thavaneswaran, Vinod Chandran, Cheryl F Rosen, Dafna D Gladman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Objective To compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the levels of related biomarkers in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and psoriasis without arthritis (PsC). Methods This study compared patients with PsA and patients with PsC. The presence of MetS was determined. Serum levels of insulin, adiponectin and leptin were measured. The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. HOMA-IR, adiponectin and leptin were log-transformed. Continuous variables were compared using the t test and the χ 2 test was used for discrete variables. Multivariate regression models were used to investigate the association of MetS and adiponectin with PsA compared to PsC after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Results 203 PsA and 155 PsC patients were analysed. The prevalence of MetS was higher in PsA patients compared to those with PsC. However, this did not reach statistical significance (36.5% vs 27.1%, p=0.056). The levels of adipokines were significantly higher in PsA compared to PsC: adiponectin (8.8±5.2 vs 7.4±4.5 log (µg/ml), p=0.009) and leptin in women (3.1±0.8 vs 2.8±0.8, log (ng/ml), p=0.04). HOMA-IR was also higher in PsA (0.97±0.63 vs 0.68±0.81, p&lt;0.001). No difference was observed in leptin levels in men. In multivariate regression analysis, PsA (p=0.04) and the psoriasis area and severity index score (p=0.02) were associated with MetS. Adiponectin was significantly associated with PsA (p=0.005), the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor α therapy (p=0.03) and active joint count (p=0.001). Conclusions MetS and related adipokines correlated with an increased burden of skin and joint inflammation.
Molecular Phylogeography of the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) in Northeastern Asia Based on Analyses of Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequences
Authors: Daisuke Hirata, Tsutomu Mano, Alexei V. Abramov, Gennady F. Baryshnikov, Pavel A. Kosintsev, Alexandr A. Vorobiev, Evgeny G. Raichev, Hiroshi Tsunoda, Yayoi Kaneko, Koichi Murata, Daisuke Fukui, Ryuichi Masuda
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

To further elucidate the migration history of the brown bears (Ursus arctos) on Hokkaido Island, Japan, we analyzed the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of 35 brown bears from Hokkaido, the southern Kuril Islands (Etorofu and Kunashiri), Sakhalin Island, and the Eurasian Continent (continental Russia, Bulgaria, and Tibet), and those of four polar bears. Based on these sequences, we reconstructed the maternal phylogeny of the brown bear and estimated divergence times to investigate the timing of brown bear migrations, especially in northeastern Eurasia. Our gene tree showed the mtDNA haplotypes of all 73 brown and polar bears to be divided into eight divergent lineages. The brown bear on Hokkaido was divided into three lineages (central, eastern, and southern). The Sakhalin brown bear grouped with eastern European and western Alaskan brown bears. Etorofu and Kunashiri brown bears were closely related to eastern Hokkaido brown bears and could have diverged from the eastern Hokkaido lineage after formation of the channel between Hokkaido and the southern Kuril Islands. Tibetan brown bears diverged early in the eastern lineage. Southern Hokkaido brown bears were closely related to North American brown bears.
The first description of hayfever?
Authors: Beg Hasan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2011)

Under the section ‘Series’ in June's JRSM, Manoj Ramchandran and Jeffrey K Aronson published an article indicating that John Bostock's malady and description is the first for ‘summer catarrh/ catarrhus aestivus’.1

I will like to point out that a case of nasal allergy has been described before.

We have to go back to the early 10th century and to Razi (Abubakr Mohammad Ibn Zakaria). He explicitly describes the illness of Abu Zaid Ahmad Ibn Sahl Albalkhi (850–934) who suffered from ‘coryza’ every spring when the roses bloomed. Though now there is not a universal agreement that roses' pollinosis cause the symptoms but no doubt that the symptoms described and the lengthy treatments and prevention of Razi points to hay fever/nasal allergy. There are two points of note in this description. The paper describing this was first published by Friedrun R Hau in Medizinhistorisches Journal2 in the German language and later translated into English and printed in Pakistan Journal of Otolaryngology3 which I was editing at the time. The second point is the fact that Razi's writing was not presented as an independent writing but included in Al-Fusul-almuhimma fi tibqalumma present in Oxford Codex Huntingtonianus 461, p 78-80. It will be worth having a look at these papers.