tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serotonin 5-HT<sub>2</sub> Receptors in Schizophrenia: A PET Study Using [<sup>18</sup>F]Setoperone in Neuroleptic-Naive Patients and Normal Subjects
Authors: Ralph Lewis, Shitij Kapur, Corey Jones, Jean DaSilva, Gregory M. Brown, Alan A. Wilson, Sylvain Houle, Robert B. Zipursky
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Several postmortem studies have reported a decreased density of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to investigate this in patients with schizophrenia by means of [18F]setoperone and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.Thirteen neuroleptic-free patients with schizophrenia, 10 of whom were also neuroleptic-naive, were compared with a group of 26 normal subjects in the same age range. The density of 5-HT2 receptors was assessed with the use of [18F]setoperone and PET in standardized cortical regions of interest.Increasing age was associated with similar declines in 5-HT2 receptors in all cortical regions in the patient group and in the normal comparison group. After control for the effect of age, there was no statistically significant difference between the patients and the comparison subjects in 5-HT2 receptor density in any of the cortical regions.This study failed to find the decrease in 5-HT2 receptors reported in postmortem studies of schizophrenia. The study had the power to detect a decrease of 25% or more in 5-HT2 receptors, which was anticipated on the basis of the previous postmortem studies. Thus, a primary serotonergic abnormality in schizophrenia, if one exists, is either small or unlikely to be at the level of the 5-HT2 receptors. This finding does not rule out a therapeutic role for 5-HT2 antagonists in schizophrenia, but it does suggest that the therapeutic contribution is likely to be an indirect one.
Pyrantel Embonate in Treatment of Hookworm Infestation
Authors: K. N. Pandey, S. G. Sharathchandra, G. S. Sarin, N. K. Ajmani, H. K. Chuttani
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The efficacy of pyrantel embonate (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(<i>trans</i>-2-(2-thienyl)-vinyl)-pyrimidine embonic acid salt; Combantrin) was evaluated in 60 cases of hookworm infestation. They were divided into six groups of 10 cases. Pyrantel embonate was administered orally, in dosage schedules (randomized) of 100, 75, 50, 20, 15, and 10 mg/kg of body weight. The stool examination for hookworm ova and coproculture were positive in each case. The predominant species was <i>Ancylostoma duodenale</i> (in 58 patients). After treatment with pyrantel embonate the stool examination for hookworm ova and coproculture were negative on the 10th and 15th days in each group. The blood levels of the drug were significantly higher in patients receiving 100 and 75 mg/kg body weight. In groups A and B one patient experienced nausea and vomiting on the day of administration of drug. There were no abnormal changes in liver function tests or blood urea levels in any of the groups. Hence the optimum single dose of the drug effective against hookworm infestation is 10 mg/kg body weight, and further studies are required to evaluate the minimum effective dose of pyrantel embonate.
Abstract 4274: High aldehyde dehydrogenase activity identifies a chemotherapy-resistant population of ewing's sarcoma cells with a stem cell phenotype that retains sensitivity to EWS-FLI1 inhibition
Authors: Ola Awad, Jason T. Yustein, Preeti Shah, Naheed Gul, Julie B. Rotenberg, Jeffrey Toretsky, David Loeb
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Ewing's sarcoma family tumors (ESFT) are the second most common bone tumors in children and young adults. Despite being quite responsive to chemotherapy, patients with localized disease have a 30% recurrence rate, and 80% of patients with metastatic disease die within 5 years of diagnosis. The expression of the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein as a result of chromosomal translocation (11; 22) (q24; q12) is crucial for initiation and maintenance of the tumor; however, the mechanism by which EWS-FLI1 mediates neoplastic transformation is poorly understood. RNA helicase A (RHA) physically interacts with EWS-FLI1, modulating its oncogenic activity. The cancer stem cell hypothesis proposes that tumors originate from and are maintained by a small subset of chemotherapy-resistant stem cells. Thus, identification of Ewing's sarcoma stem cells will lead to the development of targeted therapies that should improve the treatment of patients with this disease. We attempted to identify a population of Ewing's sarcoma cells with stem cell properties (self-renewal in vitro, clonogenic activity, and tumor initiating activity in immunodeficient mice) based on high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDHhigh) activity. The ALDHhigh population was enriched for stem cell activity (compared to the ALDHlow cells) as defined by these assays, and was resistant to standard chemotherapy drugs to treat sarcomas (doxorubicin and etoposide). Both populations expressed EWS-FLI1. We then investigated whether a novel small molecule, YK-4-279, which specifically targets the RHA/EWS-FLI1 interaction, is toxic to the chemotherapy-resistant ALDHhigh cells. We found that the ALDHhigh cells retain sensitivity YK-4-279. Our data demonstrate that ESFT cells that express high levels of ALDH have stem-like properties, and, combined with evidence that YK-4-279 inhibits the growth of ESFT xenografts in mice, provide support for a novel approach to ESFT therapy. This approach should improve the survival of patients with these tumors in the future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4274.
Breast Cancer Among Radiologic Technologists-Reply
Authors: J. D. Boice, M. M. Doody, J. S. Mandel
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —It appears that Dr Swift and colleagues misunderstood our use of matching on time since certification in our study of breast cancer among 105 385 US radiologic technologists.<sup>1</sup>While the possibility of overmatching on a correlate of exposure may be a concern, matching on year of certification was not equivalent to matching on years of work. In fact, the distribution of years worked was quite varied within intervals of year of certification, reflecting independent decisions by women to cease active work following certification for various reasons such as raising a family. Even before matching, this pattern, shown here in the Table for all female questionnaire respondents certified between 1940 and 1959,<sup>2</sup>was fairly uniform across 5-year intervals of year of certification. That is, women were equally likely to work fewer than 5 years (10%-14%) as to work 30 to 34 years (9%-15%) within categories of certification year. Thus,
Inhibition of the Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Pathway Is Radioprotective for the Lung
Authors: Ming Zhang, Jun Qian, Xianying Xing, Feng-Ming Kong, Lujun Zhao, Ming Chen, Theodore S. Lawrence
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Radiation-induced lung toxicity limits the delivery of high-dose radiation to thoracic tumors. Here, we investigated the potential of inhibiting the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) pathway as a novel radioprotection strategy. Experimental Design: Mouse lungs were irradiated with various doses and assessed at varying times for TNF-α production. Lung toxicity was measured by apoptosis and pulmonary function testing. TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) inhibition, achieved by genetic knockout or antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) silencing, was tested for selective lung protection in a mouse lung metastasis model of colon cancer. Results: Lung radiation induced local production of TNF-α by macrophages in BALB/c mice 3 to 24 hours after radiation (15 Gy). A similar maximal induction was found 1 week after the start of radiation when 15 Gy was divided into five daily fractions. Cell apoptosis in the lung, measured by terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase–mediated nick-end labeling staining (mostly epithelial cells) and Western blot for caspase-3, was induced by radiation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Specific ASO inhibited lung TNFR1 expression and reduced radiation-induced apoptosis. Radiation decreased lung function in BALB/c and C57BL mice 4 to 8 weeks after completion of fractionated radiation (40 Gy). Inhibition of TNFR1 by genetic deficiency (C57BL mice) or therapeutic silencing with ASO (BALB/c mice) tended to preserve lung function without compromising lung tumor sensitivity to radiation. Conclusion: Radiation-induced lung TNF-α production correlates with early cell apoptosis and latent lung function damage. Inhibition of lung TNFR1 is selectively radioprotective for the lung without compromising tumor response. These findings support the development of a novel radioprotection strategy using inhibition of the TNF-α pathway.
Delayed neurological effects of electrical accidents.
Authors: R. N. Allan
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MWIcAmJ~O~uWL 383 which depending to some degree on the plasma lipid level.Hypertension therefore accelerates and intensifies the atherosclerotic process.It is of significance that personality may also affect cholesterol and lipid metabolism, as it has been shown that emotional stress and activation can cause a rise in serum lipids.6
PTU-060 Vaccinating Patients With Ibd-still To Begin, At The Beginning...: Abstract PTU-060 Table 1
Authors: A Goel, CJ Hill, T Johnson, JK Limdi
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Evolving definitions of disease control over the last decade have translated into earlier and often combined use of immunomodulatory (IM) therapy with the aim of achieving deep remission. The potential for immunosuppression to increase the risk of opportunistic infection was recognised early with the publication of ECCO Consensus guidelines on prevention diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections in IBD. Has this permeated to the grass roots of clinical care or are we still “top-heavy”? We reviewed vaccination practices in a large primary care cohort. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was obtained from primary care in the Fylde and Wyre CCG from electronic patient records maintained on EMIS Web. Patients were considered immunosuppressed if they were on doses of prednisolone &gt;20 mg/day or equivalent for 2 weeks or more, ongoing treatment with effective doses of Thiopurines, Methotrexate, Infliximab and Adalimumab or had these agents discontinued within 3 months. We identified patients treated with these drugs between September 2012 and August 2013. Vaccination practices were reviewed in line with ECCO consensus. Data on biologic therapy and steroids was not available. <h3>Results</h3> A total patient population of 93,240 (adult population of 75,952) from 13 practices was thus audited. A total of 594 patients were prescribed IM therapy [Azathioprine (AZA) 135, Methotrexate (MTX) 446, 6MP 13]. The data on vaccinations is shown in Table 1. Vaccination rates were significantly higher in the non IBD cohort as compared to the IBD cohort, for influenza vaccine p &lt; 0.001, 95% CI (–0.17 ± 0.1) and pneumococcal vaccine P &lt; 0.001 95% CI (–0.177 ± 0.103). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The practice of immunisation was poor and probably reflective of disparate practices elsewhere. Mere existence of guidelines is insufficient for quality improvement, which must take into account and remedy barriers to implementation. These include clinician awareness, concerns regarding safety and side effects and ambiguity regarding responsibility. Gastroenterologists must provide a clear line of communication to primary care physicians. We are taking necessary steps through a dedicated proforma to ensure vaccination uptake. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
A randomised comparative study of the short term clinical and biological effects of intravenous pulse methylprednisolone and infliximab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate treatment
Authors: Patrick Durez, A Nzeusseu Toukap, Bernard Lauwerys, Daniel Manicourt, P. Verschueren, Rene Westhovens, Jean-Pierre Devogelaer, Frédéric Houssiau
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To compare the short term clinical and biological effects of intravenous (i.v.) pulse methylprednisolone (MP) and infliximab (IFX) in patients with severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite methotrexate (MTX) treatment.Patients with active RA despite MTX treatment were randomly allocated to receive a single i.v. infusion of MP (1 g) or three i.v. infusions of IFX (3 mg/kg) on weeks 0, 2, and 6. Patients were "blindly" evaluated for disease activity measures. Quality of life (QoL) was evaluated through the SF-36 health survey. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) titres were measured at baseline, weeks 2 and 6.Compared with baseline, significant improvement was noted in all activity measures, including serum C reactive protein (CRP) titres, in the IFX group only. At week 14, 6/9 (67%) and 4/9 (44%) IFX patients met the ACR20 and 50 response criteria, while this was the case in only 1/12 (8%) and 0/12 (0%) MP patients, respectively (p<0.05). None of the QoL scales improved with MP treatment, whereas some did so in the IFX group. Serum MMP-3 titres significantly decreased (41% drop) at week 6 in the IFX group, while no changes were seen in patients given MP.This short term randomised comparative study demonstrates that TNF blockade is better than MP pulse therapy in a subset of patients with severe refractory RA, with improvement in not only clinical parameters of disease activity but also biological inflammatory indices, such as serum CRP and MMP-3 titres.
Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome or Fibromyalgia With Eosinophilia?
Authors: James I. Hudson
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —Drs Hudson, Daniels, and Horwitz suggest that the CDC surveillance definition allowed misclassification of patients with other myalgia causing illnesses (such as fibromyalgia) as having EMS, thus overestimating the magnitude of the 1989 epidemic. Misclassification is possible with any surveillance definition.1However, the criteria for EMS surveillance are quite rigorous, requiring eosinophil counts greater than 1.0×109/L in addition to incapacitating myalgia.2Although severe myalgia occurs in many conditions, an eosinophil count greater than 1.0×109/L is unusual. We believe the strict surveillance definition minimized overreporting, and has probably led to substantial underreporting of EMS.  The logistics of public health surveillance typically do not allow extensive medical record review by public health officials.1However, we agree that more specific, analytic investigations of tryptophan use and EMS should include careful evaluation for preexisting conditions involving myalgia and eosinophilia. In the 1990 investigation in South
Randomised trial of hyperthermia as adjuvant to radiotherapy for recurrent or metastatic malignant melanoma
Authors: J. Overgaard, S.M. Bentzen, J. Overgaard, D. Gonzalez Gonzalez, M.C.C.M. Hulshof, G. Arcangeli, O. Dahl, O. Mella
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Iron Reduction and Cardiovascular Outcomes
Authors: Jerome L. Sullivan, Stuart D. Katz
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Scavenger receptors clear the air
Authors: Edward M. Postlethwait
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Inhaled environmental oxidants, such as ozone and particulates, have been variably linked to epithelial injury, inflammation, and perturbations in lung development, growth, and function. Reactions between ozone and lung surface lipids likely account for exposure-related pathophysiologic sequelae. In this issue of the JCI, Dahl et al. document a previously unrecognized pulmonary defense against inhaled oxidants in mice: macrophage scavenger receptors (SRs) bind proinflammatory oxidized lipids, thereby decreasing pulmonary inflammation (see the related article beginning on page 757). The study adds to our knowledge of diverse lung oxidative processes and identifies a potential regulatory mechanism governing pulmonary inflammation. Further investigations to elucidate more precise mechanisms and to determine the influence of SRs on airway epithelial injury, repair, and remodeling are warranted.
ANAPHYLACTIC SENSITIZATION WITH CHEMICALLY DEFINITE COMPOUNDS
Authors: H. E. Fierz, W. Jadassohn, W. Stoll
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

Injection of sodium atoxyl-diazoamino-sulfoanthranilate into guinea pigs produces an anaphylactic hypersensitiveness to the corresponding azoprotein (Schultz-Dale test). This leads to the conclusion that the injected sodium atoxyl-diazoamino-sulfoanthranilate first decomposes and then couples in vivo with the body protein to form the corresponding azoprotein and that therefore it is this compound, produced within the organism itself, which sensitizes.
Renal Improvement in Myeloma with Bortezomib plus Plasma Exchange
Authors: Brian L. Burnette, Nelson Leung, S. Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The acute renal failure that can complicate myeloma can affect survival. The combination of bortezomib and plasma exchange to remove light chains from the circulation can have a beneficial effect on renal function.
The use of BMP-2 coupled – Nanosilver-PLGA composite grafts to induce bone repair in grossly infected segmental defects
Authors: Zhong Zheng, Wei Yin, Janette N. Zara, Weiming Li, Jinny Kwak, Rachna Mamidi, Min Lee, Ronald K. Siu, Richard Ngo, Joyce Wang, Doug Carpenter, Xinli Zhang, Benjamin Wu, Kang Ting, Chia Soo
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Variation and the Response to Photodynamic Therapy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Ilkka Immonen, Sanna Seitsonen, Petri Tommila, Tiia Kangas-Kontio, Sakari Kakko, Eeva-Riitta Savolainen, Markku J. Savolainen, M. Johanna Liinamaa
Journal: Ophthalmology (2009)
Binding by synchronisation: A task-dependence hypothesis
Authors: Guido Bugmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Binding needs to be task dependent, and cannot usefully be driven by properties of the stimulus alone. However, task dependent binding can only take place after the patterns in a stimulus have been identified. Thus pattern recognition needs to be done prior to binding. Synchronisation may be a consequence of pattern recognition and can be used to localise the pattern and tag its attributes at different levels of information processing.
A woman with ketoacidosis but not diabetes
Authors: H. U. Rehman
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 41 year old woman presented with a one day history of abdominal pain and vomiting. She had been drinking alcohol and three to four bottles of Iso-Gel (isopropanol) a day for the past two weeks. She was positive for hepatitis C and was known to have used injecting drugs and alcohol in the past. 

On admission, her blood pressure was 119/72 mm Hg, pulse rate was 110 beats/min, respiratory rate was 28 breaths/min, and temperature was 36.6°C. She was dehydrated but seemed well nourished. She was alert and oriented in time and place. Her abdomen was tender in the epigastric and left upper quadrant regions, without guarding or rigidity. The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable. 

Laboratory tests showed the following results: haemoglobin 154 g/L (normal range 120-160), white blood cell count 7.6×109/L (4.0-10.0), platelets 82×109/L (150-400), glucose 4.8 mmol/L (3.6-11.0), sodium 139 mmol/L (135-145), potassium 4.9 mmol/L (3.5-5.0), chloride 104 mmol/L (98-110), bicarbonate 12 mmol/L (22-26), anion gap 28 mmol/L (10-20), urea 4.6 mmol/L (3.0-7.1), creatinine 89 µmol/L (60-130), alkaline phosphatase 152 U/L (40-135), alanine aminotransferase 68 U/L (4-55), total bilirubin 33 µmol/L (2-20), albumin 42 g/L (35-50), amylase 276 U/L (20-110), and lactate 1.4 mmol/L (0.7-2.1). Arterial blood pH was 7.27 (7.35-7.45); her partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 22 mm Hg (33-45) and partial pressure of oxygen was 126 mm Hg (75-100) while inhaling 1 L of oxygen per minute. 

A pregnancy test was negative. Small amounts of ketones were found in the venous blood. Plasma β-hydroxybutyric acid was 7.9 mmol/L (0.02-0.29). Serum osmolality was 304 mmol/kg (280-305). Ethanol …
Acute reactions to urographic contrast media.
Authors: P Davies, M B Roberts, J Roylance
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A prospective study of 3509 consecutive patients examined by excretion urography has been conducted to assess the incidence and significance of the untoward effects of urographic contrast media. Four compounds were used in doses containing 160 to 500 mg iodine/kg body weight. Toxic effects, arm pain, and allegic reactions were assessed separately, while the remainder were classified according to the influence of each reaction on the investigation and the need for treatment. From the results and a review of the literature we conclude that when there is a clear clinical indication for excretion urography a dose of contrast medium containing up to 600 mg iodine/kg body weight should be injected rapidly. Prophylactic antihistamine treatment and pretesting should be abandoned. Special care is needed for small infants and the lederly and for patients with renal or hepatic failure, myeloma, heart disease, or a history of previous major reaction. Full resuscitation facilities must always be available.
IS A MEDICAL EDUCATION A NECESSARY QUALIFICATION FOR DENTAL PRACTICE.
Authors: ALICE M. STEEVES
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In this age of strenuous activity and rapid advancement, when personal gain often seems to be the sole object of professional work, the necessity for a medical education in dental practice may be denied by the narrow-minded in either profession. The development of specialties in recent years has created a spirit of commercialism in which completeness of education is neglected, and only those studies acquired that can be quickly turned to money. In no specialty has this tendency been more marked than in dentistry. If concentration of energy and study makes the successful specialist on all medical lines, may not the dentist claim an added opportunity for even greater ability because of the mechanical skill required in his work. The way upward in dentistry, not unlike all other professional paths of to-day, through cheap competition and unethical practice, is hard enough at best and requires the use of every possible
Hepatitis C virus modulates lipid regulatory factor Angiopoietin-like 3 gene expression by repressing HNF-1α activity
Authors: Pelagia Foka, Eirini Karamichali, Georgia Dalagiorgou, Elisavet Serti, Polyxeni P Doumba, George Pissas, Athanassios Kakkanas, Dorothea Kazazi, Emmanouil Kochlios, Maria Gaitanou, John Koskinas, Urania Georgopoulou, Penelope Mavromara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)