tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of fifth-year surveillance computed tomography scanning after potentially curative resections for colorectal cancer
Authors: C. J. Walter, A. Al-Allak, N. Borley, A. Goodman, J. Wheeler
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Optimal follow-up after primary colorectal resection for adenocarcinoma is yet to be determined.12 Our centre uses surveillance CT scanning of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis at 1, 2 and 5 years postresection. The aim of this study was to examine the role of a fifth-year surveillance CT scan in detecting resectable recurrence in our population. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients at our centre who underwent potentially-curative resections of colorectal adenocarcinomas between 2003 and 2004 were identified using hospital coding. Retrospective data collection from hospital case-notes allowed details of radiological and clinical follow-up to be recorded in an excel database. Analyses of outcomes from fifth-year surveillance CT scans were performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and GnuPSPP statistical software. The timing of presentation and clinical outcomes (ie, survival) between symptomatic and asymptomatic metastasis were charted and compared. <h3>Results</h3> Of 213 patients studied, 121 (57%) were alive and disease free at 5 years, of whom 81 (67%) received a fifth-year surveillance CT scan. Fifth-year scanning did not demonstrate any new colorectal metastases however 6 (7%) scans revealed new, undiagnosed, non-colorectal malignancies. All 40 of the patients who developed metastatic disease had presented by 3½ years postinitial resection. Nearly one third of these patients presented after their second-year surveillance CT scan. Asymptomatic metastasis at discovery was associated with improved 5-year survival. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study showed no role for a fifth-year surveillance CT scan in the detection of resectable metastases, however there was a 7% pick-up rate for detecting new, unrelated malignancies. CT scanning beyond 2 years was needed to identify about one-third of the recurrences reported in this study.
An apparatus for the anaerobic ultrafiltration of bile and other biological fluids.
Authors: L I Wilkie, G H Carter, V A Hallewell, D J Sutor
Journal: Gut (1976)

A simple apparatus is described for the anaerobic ultrafiltration of a few millilitres of bile or other biological fluids. The principle employed enables viscous liquids which would normally block the membrane to be ultrafiltered successfully.
Long‐term treatment with allergoid immunotherapy with <i>Parietaria</i>. Clinical and immunologic effects in a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: R Ariano, AM Kroon, G Augeri, GW Canonica and, G Passalacqua
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background : Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is a valuable treatment for respiratory allergy, and the use of chemically modified allergens (allergoids) has improved its safety, as testified by several studies. We evaluated the effects of a SIT course with an allergoid extract of Parietaria pollen in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Methods : The study was double‐blind in the first year; then it was prolonged up to 3 years with all patients on active treatment. Clinical effectiveness, safety, skin reactivity, systemic immunologic parameters, and subjective assessment were evaluated. We also had available a self‐evaluation recorded in a follow‐up visit 4 years after the discontinuation of SIT. Results : A significant reduction of the symptoms plus drug intake scores during the pollen seasons was observed in the patients receiving active SIT. The placebo patients, after switching to active SIT, also showed significant clinical improvement. The clinical efficacy persisted during years 2 and 3 of treatment. After year 1, the actively treated patients reported a significant subjective improvement (frequency of symptoms, P =0.001; duration of symptoms, P =0.024; physical performance, P =0.043) compared with the placebo group. The self‐evaluation by visual analog scale showed that all patients maintained a significant clinical improvement up to 4 years after discontinuing SIT (year 1: active=+31.6%, placebo=−15.7%; year 7: active=+35.8%, placebo=+31.3%). The systemic immunologic changes after active SIT paralleled those described elsewhere (IgE decreased from 22 to 9 and from 21 to 8 IU/ml; IgG4 increased from 43 to 87 and from 18 to 60 IU/ml). A significant decrease in skin reactivity to three different allergen concentrations was observed at year 3 compared with pretreatment values ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions : The investigational SIT with Parietaria appeared to be effective and safe; a 3‐year course of treatment achieved a long‐lasting efficacy.
Antifibrotic action of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in lapine monoarticular arthritis.
Authors: J Lewthwaite, S Blake, R C Thompson, T E Hardingham, B Henderson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To determine if the administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) to animals with established antigen induced arthritis had any beneficial effects on the synovitis and cartilage destruction. METHODS--Antigen induced arthritis was induced in New Zealand White rabbits, and after two weeks IL-1ra was administered every six hours over a 72 hour period. Animals were then killed and joint tissues examined for the degree of synovitis, synovial fibrosis, and cartilage damage. RESULTS--The response of the arthritis to the treatment was minor in terms of joint swelling, leucocyte accumulation, or cartilage proteoglycan loss. However, the synovial fibrosis was not only halted by administration of IL-1ra, but reversed. The inflamed synovial linings of IL-1ra treated animals showed a significant loss of synovial collagen content and a reappearance of the synovial fat spaces which are prominent in the normal synovial lining. CONCLUSION--This study shows that IL-1ra has potent antifibrotic activity and suggests the use of this agent for the reversal of the fibroproliferative process which is so important in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis.
Cyclic changes in arterial pulse during respiratory support.
Authors: F Jardin, J C Farcot, P Gueret, J F Prost, Y Ozier, J P Bourdarias
Journal: Circulation (1983)

In 13 patients on respiratory support we combined two-dimensional echocardiography with hemodynamic monitoring to determine the mechanism of cyclic changes in arterial pulse, defined as an inspiratory rise in radial artery pulse pressure.Beat-to-beat evaluation of cardiac performance was obtained during the following three distinct consecutive phases of the controlled respiratory cycle: exhalation (phase I), preinspiratory pause (phase LI), and lung inflation (phase III).Airway pressure, left ventricular filling pressure (i.e., pulmonary capillary wedge minus esophageal pressure), and pulmonary artery and radial artery pressures were simultaneously recorded during mechanical ventila- 'tion along with beat-to-beat two-dimensional echocardiographic left ventricular end-systolic and end- diastolic dimensions.From a reference value for pulmonary artery and radial artery pulse contour obtained during a brief period of imposed apnea, beat-to-beat measurements of left and right ventricular stroke output were also performed during the controlled respiratory cycle with the pulse contour method.Cyclic changes in arterial pulse appeared to result directly from a transitory increase in left ventricular stroke output during lung inflation (41.4 + 14.6 ml/m2), whereas right ventricular stroke output exhibited a steep fall (31.7 ± 12.4 ml/m2) at this time.An opposite variation was also observed during exhalation, during which a fall in left ventricular stroke output (31.9 ± 11.2 mI/i2) was accompanied by a rise in right ventricular stroke output (38.6 11.9 ml/m2).Both stroke outputs reached an identical level during preinspiratory pause (37.4 + 14. 1 ml/m2 for left ventricle and 39.1 ±- 13.8 ml/m2 for right ventricle).Such an inspiratory increase in left ventricular stroke output during lung inflation was no doubt largely due to a transient improvement in left ventricular preload and this is supported by our finding of a concomitant increase in left ventricular filling pressure and end-diastolic dimensions during the inspiratory phase.Circulation 68, No. 2, 266-274, 1983.IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS, continuous moni- toring consistently demonstrates an inspiratory rise in arterial pressure when respiratory support with me- chanically controlled ventilation is used.Often noted in the past,' this inspiratory increase in arterial pulse during positive pressure lung inflation has been called "reversed pulsus paradoxus,'2 in contrast with the inspiratory decline in arterial pulse (paradoxical pulse) sometimes observed during spontaneous breathing in cardiac tamponade3 or status asthmaticus.4Such an inspiratory increase in arterial pulse during positive- pressure breathing is quite unexpected since positive- pressure lung inflation, by increasing pleural pressure and lung volume, should act to decrease aortic flow,
Review: Evidence for the effectiveness of prophylactic drugs for tension-type headache in adults is limited
Authors: Alexander W. Chessman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Verhagen AP, Damen L, Berger MY, Passchier J, Koes BW. Lack of benefit for prophylactic drugs of tension-type headache in adults: a systematic review. Fam Pract. 2010;27:151-65. 20028727
On the Histology of a Case of So-Called "Duct Cancer"
Authors: A. E. Barker
Journal: BMJ (1890)

to exhaustion caused by the prolonged labour, the uterus did not contract well.After ascertaining that the passage to the vagina was patent, the uterus was sutured by chromicised catgut passeed deeply into the tissue.The peritoneal cavity was sponged out, and the wound in the abdominal wall secured by six silk sutures passed deeply, so as to include the whole thickness of the wall and peritoneum, and superficial ones through the skin between these.The wound was dusted with iodoform, covered with wood- wool, and secured by four broad strips of adhesive plaster and a flannel binder over all.The external genitals were covered with carbolised tow and cotton wool.During the suturing of the ex- ternal wound, vomiting set in from the chloroform, but it soon ceased, and the patient was put to bed, with a pulse, though weak, as good as before the operation.A hot water jar was put to her feet, her head covered with flannel, and a hypodermic injection of
IMPACT OF PRE-IMPLANTATION BALLOON VALVULOPLASTY ON PARAVALVULAR AORTIC REGURGITATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING BALLOON EXPANDABLE TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Shing-Chiu Wong, Luke Kim, Sumeet Pawar, Ryan Kaple, Tracey Shannon, Dolores Reynolds, Geoffrey Bergman, Dmitriy Feldman, Robert Minutello, Rajesh Swaminathan, Harsimran Singh, Arash Salemi, James Min, Fay Lin, Richard Devereux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Lipoprotein-Derived Lysophosphatidic Acid Promotes Atherosclerosis by Releasing CXCL1 from the Endothelium
Authors: Zhe Zhou, Pallavi Subramanian, Gueler Sevilmis, Brigitta Globke, Oliver Soehnlein, Ela Karshovska, Remco Megens, Kathrin Heyll, Jerold Chun, Jean Sébastien Saulnier-Blache, Markus Reinholz, Marc van Zandvoort, Christian Weber, Andreas Schober
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
A Computer Data Base for Information on Cancer Treatment
Authors: S. M. Hubbard, J. E. Henney, V. T. DeVita
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1987)

The Physician Data Query (PDQ) system is a clinically oriented computer data base developed to make recent information on cancer treatment widely available to the medical community. It represents an effort by the National Cancer Institute to promote diffusion of information about the treatment of cancer throughout the country, facilitate access to clinical trials, and accelerate the practical application of advances in research. The computer system provides information about state-of-the-art cancer treatment, which is updated monthly by an editorial board. It also includes a file of active cancer-research protocols and a directory of physicians and organizations providing cancer care to which physicians can gain access by geographic location, as well as other features. PDQ was designed for physicians who may not be familiar with computers, to permit them to search for and display infor mation without learning a specialized search language. PDQ uses a computer main frame, which allows a large amount of data to be stored and made available to physicians rapidly and accurately. Transmission of information about cancer over com mercial telecommunication networks gives health professionals access to PDQ by means of a computer terminal and local telephone lines.
Apocrine mixed tumor of the skin (“mixed tumor of the folliculosebaceous-apocrine complex”)
Authors: Dmitry V. Kazakov, Irena E. Belousova, Michele Bisceglia, Eduardo Calonje, Michael Emberger, Wayne Grayson, Markus Hantschke, Werner Kempf, Heinz Kutzner, Michal Michal, Dominic V. Spagnolo, Susanna Virolainen, Bernhard Zelger
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Canadian life expectancy varies greatly depending on ethnic origin
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2005)

People living in northern and remote regions of Canada, many of whom are aboriginal (people who are First Nations, Metis, and Inuit), have life expectancies closer to people living in developing countries than with other Canadians, according to Statistics Canada and the Canadian Institute for Health Information.

Canada has one of the longest life expectancies in the world, but health status and life expectancy vary widely within the country. According to the World Health Organization, …
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide — A Window to the Heart
Authors: Kenneth L Baughman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Left ventricular dysfunction, regardless of its cause, results in characteristic hemodynamic derangements and a process of neurohormonal activation. Among the neuronal and hormonal pathways activated are the sympathetic nervous system, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, and the endothelin pathway. Each of these pathways has hemodynamic effects that maintain tissue perfusion and blood pressure, and the sympathetic nervous system also stimulates the heart rate and myocardial contractility. Although these responses initially compensate for hemodynamic derangements, prolonged elevation of norepinephrine, renin, angiotensin I and II, aldosterone, and endothelin becomes directly toxic to the heart, accelerating processes such as apoptosis, myocyte hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. . . .
Transient increase in release of adenosine during rapid cardiac pacing; transient effects on overdrive suppression of ventricular automaticity
Authors: L. J HELLER, D. F DeWITT, H. V SPARKS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

A study was designed to test the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine concentration may increase during episodes of rapid ventricular pacing and, by virtue of its negative chronotropic effects, contribute to the transient suppression of automaticity that follows the period of overdrive. Isolated, perfused, rat ventricular preparations were subjected to periods of 6.0 Hz overdrive stimulation while adenosine release, oxygen consumption, and subsequent suppression of automaticity were measured. At the end of a 1 min episode of overdrive oxygen consumption and adenosine release were significantly increased, and the initial beating rate after 1 min overdrive was suppressed. At the end of 10 min overdrive oxygen consumption was still increased but adenosine release had returned to control values. Suppression of automaticity after 10 min overdrive was similar to that after 1 min overdrive. The relative magnitude of suppression after 1 min overdrive was decreased by theophylline (10−4 mol·litre−1), and increased by the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, EHNA (10−5 mol·litre−1). Neither theophylline nor EHNA had any discernible influence on suppression after 10 min overdrive. It is therefore concluded that endogenous adenosine may contribute to the suppression of ventricular automaticity that follows a 1 min episode of overdrive, but because of the transient nature of the increase in adenosine during overdrive endogenous adenosine does not contribute to the suppression that follows prolonged overdrive.
Hernia through the Foramen Omentale
Authors: Adhish Basu, Michael Jacobs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 48-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. She was discharged with a diagnosis of presumed gastroenteritis, but returned 3 days later with persistent abdominal pain, nausea, and bilious vomiting.
Anti-hepatitis C virus core IgM antibodies correlate with hepatitis C recurrence and its severity in liver transplant patients
Authors: T Bizollon
Journal: Gut (2000)

The significance of immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen was studied in 60 patients with HCV infection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction.Patients were followed up for a mean of 28 months after transplantation. Sera collected three months before transplantation, and one and 12 months after transplantation were analysed for anti-HCV core IgM (HCV-IgM EIA 2.0 assay). After OLT protocol biopsies, procedures were performed routinely every six months. Semiquantitative histopathological assessment of allograft hepatitis was performed using Knodell's score. The results were correlated with clinical features, liver histology findings, and virological features, such as genotype and viraemic levels assessed by a branched DNA assay.One year after liver transplantation, 29/60 (48%) patients had chronic hepatitis on graft biopsy. The presence of anti-HCV core IgM one month (p=0.004) and 12 months (p=0.003) after OLT was positively correlated with recurrence of chronic hepatitis. The positive predictive value of anti-HCV core IgM detected one month after transplantation was 0.88. A significant relationship was observed between severity of graft disease and presence of anti-HCV core IgM 12 months after transplantation. The mean Knodell score was 8.9 in anti-HCV core IgM positive patients compared with 3.6 in those who were anti-HCV core IgM negative (p=0.001). The presence of IgM anti-HCV did not correlate with serum HCV RNA level or HCV genotype.We confirm that the presence of anti-HCV core IgM after OLT is a marker of HCV induced graft damage. The recurrence and severity of HCV hepatitis in patients undergoing OLT for HCV cirrhosis is related to the presence of anti-HCV core IgM after liver transplantation. These findings have diagnostic relevance and confirm that measurement of IgM anti-HCV core may help to better monitor the treatment of HCV recurrence after transplantation.
Points: Pilonidal sinus of nipple in a canine beautician
Authors: P W Bowers
Journal: BMJ (1986)

SIR,-The president of the Hospital Consultants and Specialists Association states (18 January, p 206) that his association "was very surprised to read the evidenqe of the Short select, committee given by the spokesmen for the medical profession, including the consultant representative on, the BMA delegation, and felt obliged to conduct a survey to.find out if there had been a change of attitude to the hospital staffing structure."As'the "consultant representative" referred to above, I should like to put the-record straight.In 1982 the Central Committee for Hospital Medical Services supported the concept of a controlled.expansion of consultants in general surgery, general medicine, and obstetrics and gynaecology; a reduction in the number of UK graduate registrars in these specilties; and the introduction of an overseas doctors training scheme.These proposals were put to the con- sultant body t large, and 85% of the m,any respondents supported these proposals.This information was included in the select conputtee's *minutes of evidence for Wednesday 27 March 1985, to which the president of the HCSA referred in his letter.Indeed, it states quite clearly i'n those minutes (p 6, paragraph 16) that " HC:MS did not support the Social Servies Committee's geieral notion of a consultant provided service."-In oral evidence used the-phrase "consultant based," and from the subsequent paragraphs itis clear that I was using the phrase.todescribe the proposals tharhad been accepted by the profession in 1982.This includes an adequate numnber of
Formation and fate of gaseous and particulate mutagens and carcinogens in real and simulated atmospheres.
Authors: J N Pitts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The growing use of coal for heating and electric power generation and diesel engines in light duty motor vehicles will increase not only the existing atmospheric concentrations of criteria pollutants such as NO2, SO2, O3 and fine particulates, but also the concentrations of a number of highly reactive gaseous copollutants such as HONO, HONO2, PAN and the nitrate radical, NO3. These gaseous noncriteria pollutants are of interest not only because of their roles in the chemistry of the "clean" and polluted troposphere, including "acid rain," but also because they may pose health risks disproportionate to their relatively low ambient concentrations, and through complex heterogeneous reactions, they may serve as precursors or catalysts in the formation of "nonclassical" particulate mutagens and carcinogens such as certain nitroarenes associated with combustion generated particulate polycyclic organic matter (POM). Results of research efforts to establish current ambient levels of these noncriteria pollutants and to develop an understanding of their sources, formation and sinks are reported here. First, long pathlength (greater than or equal to 1 km) infrared and UV-visible spectroscopic studies of ambient levels of gaseous HONO, NO3, HONO2, PAN, HCHO and HCOOH in southern California atmospheres are described, and data given on their ambient concentrations. Second, an integrated chemical/microbiological investigation is described. It is directed toward identifying the nature of direct-acting mutagens found in extracts of diesel and ambient POM, as well as those formed upon exposure of environmentally relevant PAH to simulated natural and polluted atmospheres. The identification of certain of these mutagens, including a newly identified class of mutagenic PAH-lactones is discussed, along with the mechanisms of their formation and fate in the natural and polluted troposphere.