tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelial cell apoptosis in severe drug-induced bullous eruptions
Authors: L. Verneuil, P. Ratajczak, C. Allabert, C. Leboeuf, F. Comoz, A. Janin, J.C. Ameisen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) are characterized by extensive keratinocyte apoptosis mediated by cytotoxic proteins. Similar features have been found in another severe dysimmune syndrome, allogeneic acute graft-versus-host disease, where endothelial cell apoptosis has been recently characterized.To determine whether endothelial cell apoptosis occurs in dermal vessels of TEN and SJS, and whether it is linked to expression of cytotoxic proteins.Skin biopsies of eight patients with severe drug-induced bullous eruptions (four TEN, four SJS), eight with drug-induced urticaria and eight healthy controls were compared. Blood vessel damage was studied by electron microscopy and quantified by CD31 immunostaining. Apoptotic cells, characterized by electron microscopy, were quantified on terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labelling assay. Immunohistochemistry was also used to characterize and quantify inflammatory cells and granzyme B, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and Fas ligand (FasL) expression.Endothelial cell apoptosis was observed in all TEN and SJS cases: it occurred in 85% of the vessel sections. It occurred in one case of drug-induced urticaria, in 5% of vessel sections, but not in healthy controls. Numbers of CD68+ macrophages and CD8+ T lymphocytes were significantly higher in TEN and SJS compared with both other groups; granzyme B and TNF-alpha but not FasL were expressed.Characterization of endothelial cell apoptosis in TEN and SJS is important to assess a factor worsening skin damage, with possible extension to other organs. It may also be useful for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Fear Extinction and Relapse: State of the Art
Authors: Bram Vervliet, Michelle G. Craske, Dirk Hermans
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2013)

Exposure-based treatments for clinical anxiety generally are very effective, but relapse is not uncommon. Likewise, laboratory studies have shown that conditioned fears are easy to extinguish, but they recover easily. This analogy is striking, and numerous fear extinction studies have been published that highlight the processes responsible for the extinction and return of acquired fears. This review examines and integrates the most important results from animal and human work. Overall, the results suggest that fear extinction is relatively easy to “learn” but difficult to “remember.” It follows that treatments will benefit from an enhanced focus on the long-term retrieval of fear extinction. We review the available studies on the prevention of return of fear and the prospects of weakening fear memories forever. We show that the behavioral principles outlined in learning theory provide a continuous inspiration for preclinical (neurobiological) and clinical research on the extinction and return of fear.
Loss of Heterozygosity and Internal Tandem Duplication Mutations of the CBP Gene Are Frequent Events in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chi-Kwong So, Yan Nie, Yunlong Song, Guang-Yu Yang, Suzie Chen, Caroline Wei, Li-Dong Wang, Norman A. Doggett, Chung S. Yang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Cyclic AMP response element binding protein binding protein (CBP), a nuclear transcriptional coactivator protein, is an important component of the cAMP signal transduction pathway. In this study, we systematically analyzed the pattern and frequency of CBP gene alterations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) samples from Linzhou (Linxian), China. Experimental Design: Using microsatellite markers D16S475, D16S2622, and D16S523 within the chromosome 16p13.3 locus flanking the CBP gene, we observed loss of heterozygosity (LOH), microsatellite instability (MSI), or homozygous deletion in 16 of 26 ESCC samples. Additional ESCC samples were analyzed using different sets of microsatellite markers (CS1–CS5) within the introns or in close proximity to the 3′ end of the CBP gene. Results: The data showed that CBP gene LOH or MSI occurred in 9 of 19 ESCC samples. A detailed genetic alteration map of the CBP gene showed that an LOH or MSI hot spot occurred within intron 2 of the CBP gene. Furthermore, ESCC samples were investigated for CBP gene mutation by conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. These results revealed that most of the shifted fragments contained internal tandem duplication (ITD), frequently in the regions encoding the histone acetyltransferase domain and COOH-terminal transactivating domain one of the CBP gene. The presence of ITD within the CBP gene was additionally confirmed by Southern blot analysis and sequencing. Conclusions: These studies show that LOH and ITD of the CBP gene are frequent genetic events in human ESCC. These alterations may have functional importance in the development of human ESCC.
Impact of Smoking and Chewing Tobacco on Arsenic-Induced Skin Lesions
Authors: Anna-Lena Lindberg, Nazmul Sohel, Mahfuzar Rahman, Lars Åke Persson, Marie Vahter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

We recently reported that the main reason for the documented higher prevalence of arsenic-related skin lesions among men than among women is the result of less efficient arsenic metabolism.Because smoking has been associated with less efficient arsenic methylation, we aimed to elucidate interactions between tobacco use and arsenic metabolism for the risk of developing skin lesions.We used a population-based case-referent study that showed increased risk for skin lesions in relation to chronic arsenic exposure via drinking water in Bangladesh and randomly selected 526 of the referents (random sample of inhabitants > 4 years old; 47% male) and all 504 cases (54% male) with arsenic-related skin lesions to measure arsenic metabolites [methylarsonic acid (MA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)] in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS).The odds ratio for skin lesions was almost three times higher in the highest tertile of urinary %MA than in the lowest tertile. Men who smoked cigarettes and bidis (locally produced cigarettes; 33% of referents, 58% of cases) had a significantly higher risk for skin lesions than did nonsmoking men; this association decreased slightly after accounting for arsenic metabolism. Only two women smoked, but women who chewed tobacco (21% of referents, 43% of cases) had a considerably higher risk of skin lesions than did women who did not use tobacco. The odds ratio (OR) for women who chewed tobacco and who had < or = 7.9%MA was 3.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-10] compared with women in the same MA tertile who did not use tobacco. In the highest tertile of %MA or %inorganic arsenic (iAs), women who chewed tobacco had ORs of 7.3 and 7.5, respectively, compared with women in the lowest tertiles who did not use tobacco.The increased risk of arsenic-related skin lesions in male smokers compared with nonsmokers appears to be partly explained by impaired arsenic methylation, while there seemed to be an excess risk due to interaction between chewing tobacco and arsenic metabolism in women.
Chemotherapy or Combined Modality Treatment: The Optimal Treatment for Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Volker Diehl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

The high cure rates for patients with Hodgkin’s Disease (HD) in all prognostic groups during the last three decades have been paralleled in adult oncology only by the treatment success in testicular tumors in young men. From the 1950s to the 1970s, radiation therapy was the sole modality for treating HD, but during the 1980s polychemotherapy became an increasingly important tool in curative treatment with the advent of the mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) and doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine (ABV) plus dacarbazine (ABVD) regimens. The shift of balance from radiation to chemotherapy was accelerated by the realization of the late, often fatal, complications due to radiation, including secondary solid tumors and cardiopulmonary toxicities in long-term survivors of HD [1,2].
Breathlessness in elderly individuals is related to low lung function and reversibility of airway obstruction
Authors: HM Boezen, B Rijcken, JP Schouten, DS Postma
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The perception of breathlessness is a subject-related factor which is linked to respiratory disease, cardiac disease and overweight. We studied the distribution of breathlessness, its association with respiratory disease, cardiac disease and overweight, as well as its association with lung function, reversibility of airway obstruction ("reversibility") and peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability in an elderly population. Data on breathlessness (rated with Borg scale), lung function, reversibility, PEF variability, respiratory symptoms, cardiac disease and overweight were collected in a random sample of 210 elderly (&gt;55 yrs old) who participated in a physical fitness test. Individuals with a Borg score &gt;0 were taken to have breathlessness. Subjects with a Borg score &gt;0 (n=50, 24%) were three to five times more likely to have a low lung function and large reversibility than subjects with a Borg score of zero, independent of the presence of respiratory symptoms, cardiac disease or overweight, although these three factors were all associated with low lung function and a large reversibility and PEF variability. Reversibility was not associated with PEF variability whatsoever. In elderly individuals, breathlessness is frequently present. Assessment of breathlessness using the Borg-scale seems an important clinical measurement, because it is an important independent predictor of lung function impairment in the elderly.
Relapse of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the upper lobes during aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis.
Authors: R M Bradburne, D B Ettensohn, S M Opal, F D McCool
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage of the upper lobes in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) receiving aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis. Serendipitous availability of a normal premorbid lung gallium scan indicated that pneumocystosis had developed during aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis; at the time of presentation a repeat gallium scan indicated disease limited to the upper lobes. The relation of this unusual form of isolated upper lobe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia to aerosol pentamidine prophylaxis warrants further investigation.
Radial extracorporeal shockwave treatment compared with supervised exercises in patients with subacromial pain syndrome: single blind randomised study
Authors: K. Engebretsen, M. Grotle, E. Bautz-Holter, L. Sandvik, N. G Juel, O. M. Ekeberg, J. I. Brox
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To compare the effectiveness of radial extracorporeal shockwave treatment with that of supervised exercises in patients with shoulder pain.Single blind randomised study.Outpatient clinic of physical medicine and rehabilitation department in Oslo, Norway.104 patients with subacromial shoulder pain lasting at least three months.Radial extracorporeal shockwave treatment: one session weekly for four to six weeks. Supervised exercises: two 45 minute sessions weekly for up to 12 weeks. Primary outcome measure Shoulder pain and disability index.A treatment effect in favour of supervised exercises at 6, 12, and 18 weeks was found. The adjusted treatment effect was -8.4 (95% confidence interval -16.5 to -0.6) points. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the group treated with supervised exercises improved-odds ratio 3.2 (1.3 to 7.8). More patients in the shockwave treatment group had additional treatment between 12 and 18 weeks-odds ratio 5.5 (1.3 to 26.4).Supervised exercises were more effective than radial extracorporeal shockwave treatment for short term improvement in patients with subacromial shoulder pain.Clinical trials NCT00653081.
Standard-dose and high-dose daily antiviral therapy for short episodes of genital HSV-2 reactivation: three randomised, open-label, cross-over trials
Authors: Christine Johnston, Misty Saracino, Steve Kuntz, Amalia Magaret, Stacy Selke, Meei-li Huang, Joshua T Schiffer, David M Koelle, Lawrence Corey, Anna Wald
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
Self-organizing brains don't develop gradually
Authors: Marc D. Lewis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Some dynamic systems approaches posit discontinuous changes, even universal stages, in development. Conversely, Thelen and colleagues see development as gradual because it relies on real-time interactions among many components. Yet their new model hinges on one parameter, neural cooperativity, that should change discontinuously because it engenders new skills that catalyze neural connectivity. In fact, research on cortical connectivity finds development to be discontinuous, and possibly stage-like, based on experience-dependent and experience-independent factors.
Skin manifestations of intravascular lymphoma mimic inflammatory diseases of the skin
Authors: J. Röglin, A. Böer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is fatal when it is diagnosed late in the course. Sometimes skin lesions enable early diagnosis, but criteria for diagnosis are not well established. Objectives To demonstrate the clinical spectrum of skin lesions of IVL and to correlate it with clinical outcome; to identify features differentiating between B-cell and T-cell IVL with skin involvement. Methods Review of 97 articles reporting on total of 224 patients with IVL. Results Skin lesions were mentioned in 90 of 224 patients. They were nodules and/or plaques (49%) or macules (22·5%) of red (31%) or blue to livid (19%) colour on the leg (35%), the thigh (41%) and the trunk (31%). Telangiectases were present in only 20% of the patients. Oedema (27·5%) of the legs and pain (24%) were often accompanying. No criteria enabled distinction between lesions restricted to the skin and skin lesions concurrent with IVL in other organs, but when the disease was restricted to the skin, the prognosis was favourable (10% vs. 85% fatal outcome). Skin lesions of T-cell IVL are indistinguishable from those of B-cell IVL. Conclusions Forty per cent of all patients with IVL have skin lesions, these being red, sometimes painful plaques located typically on the lower extremities, accompanied by oedema. A clinician risks misinterpreting these changes as thrombophlebitis, erythema nodosum or erysipelas. Neither clinical course nor differentiation of the lymphoma can be predicted from the morphology of skin lesions, but involvement of other organs at the time of diagnosis indicates a poor prognosis.
LEIOMYOMA CUTIS: AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY
Authors: PATRICIA R. MANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article LEIOMYOMA CUTIS: AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY Get access PATRICIA R. MANN PATRICIA R. MANN M R C Unit on the Experimental Pathology of the Skin, The Medical School, The University, Birmingham 15 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue 5, 1 May 1970, Pages 463–469, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb02207.x Published: 01 May 1970 Article history Accepted: 29 October 1969 Published: 01 May 1970
Therapeutic Targeting of Toll-Like Receptors for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer
Authors: Luke A. J. O'Neill, Clare E. Bryant, Sarah L. Doyle
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2009)

Since first being described in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have proven to be of great interest to immunologists and investigators interested in the molecular basis to inflammation. They recognize pathogen-derived factors and also products of inflamed tissue, and trigger signaling pathways that lead to activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappaB and the interferon regulatory factors. These in turn lead to induction of immune and inflammatory genes, including such important cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and type I interferon. Much evidence points to a role for TLRs in immune and inflammatory diseases and increasingly in cancer. Examples include clear roles for TLR4 in sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and allergy. TLR2 has been implicated in similar pathologic conditions and also in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and tumor metastasis. TLR7 has also been shown to be important in SLE. TLR5 has been shown to be radioprotective. Recent advances in our understanding of signaling pathways activated by TLRs, structural insights into TLRs bound to their ligands and antagonists, and approaches to inhibit TLRs (including antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) are providing possiblemeans by which to interfere with TLRs clinically. Here we review these recent advances and speculate about whether manipulating TLRs is likely to be successful in fighting off different diseases.
To Bed With Dad
Authors: J. O. Ballard
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of direct-current countershocks on regional myocardial contractility and perfusion. Experimental studies.
Authors: R E Kerber, J B Martins, J A Gascho, M L Marcus, J Grayzel
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Very high energy electrical countershocks can cause morphologic damage to the myocardium. In this study we searched for functional correlates of these shock-induced morphologic changes. We used ultrasonic sonomicrometers to measure myocardial contractility and radiolabeled microspheres to assess perfusion. Acute and chronic experiments were conducted in 45 dogs, assessing the effect of both direct (epicardial) and transthoracic shocks on beating and fibrillating hearts. High-energy or rapidly repeated epicardial shocks caused subepicardial contraction abnormalities. This indicates that electrical current delivered to the myocardium in sufficiently high amounts and concentration can cause functional damage. Thus, in open-chest defibrillation during cardiac surgery, low energies (10-20 J) should be used initially and higher energies resorted to only if lower-energy shocks fail. However, single and multiple transthoracic shocks up to 460 J delivered energy caused no detectable contraction abnormalities. Myocardial perfusion did not fall after shocks. Thus, high-energy transthoracic shocks may have no deleterious effects on the contraction and perfusion of normal myocardium.
Pregnancy and Infection
Authors: Alimuddin Zumla, Matthew Bates, Markus Maeurer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

To the Editor: In her article on pediatric hypertension, Ingelfinger does not mention the role of uric acid and hyperuricemia.Randomized trials have shown the benefits of urate-lowering treatment in lowering blood pressure in adolescents with hyperuricemia and recently diagnosed essential hypertension 1 and in obese adolescents with prehypertension.
S100A8 and S100A9 Mediate Endotoxin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction via the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
Authors: John H. Boyd, Bernard Kan, Haley Roberts, Yingjin Wang, Keith R. Walley
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Cardiovascular dysfunction as a result of sepsis is the leading cause of death in the critically ill. Cardiomyocytes respond to infectious pathogens with a Toll-like receptor–initiated proinflammatory response in conjunction with a decrease in contractility, although the downstream events linking Toll-like receptor activation and reduced cardiac contractility remain to be elucidated. Using microarray analysis of cardiac tissue exposed to systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we discovered that 2 small calcium-regulating proteins (S100A8 and S100A9) are highly upregulated. HL-1 cardiomyocytes, isolated primary cardiomyocytes, and live mice were exposed to LPS, whereas beating HL-1 cells had S100A8 and S100A9 overexpressed and their calcium flux quantified. Using in vivo microbubble technology, we delivered S100A8 and S100A9 to normal mouse hearts; using the same technology, we inhibited S100A9 production in mouse hearts and subsequently exposed them to LPS. Coimmunoprecipitation of S100A8 and S100A9 identified interaction with RAGE (the receptor for advanced glycation end products), the cardiac function and postreceptor signaling of which were investigated. HL-1 cardiomyocytes, isolated primary cardiomyocytes, and whole hearts exposed to LPS have large increases in S100A8 and S100A9. Cardiac overexpression of S100A8 and S100A9 led to a RAGE-dependent decrease in calcium flux and, in the intact mouse, to a decreased cardiac ejection fraction, whereas knockdown of S100A9 attenuated LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction. Cardiomyocytes exposed to LPS express S100A8 and S100A9, leading to a RAGE-mediated decrease in cardiomyocyte contractility. This finding provides a novel mechanistic link between circulating pathogen-associated molecular products and subsequent cardiac dysfunction.
Regulatory effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 on HAMP expression in iron loaded rat hepatocytes
Authors: Vijole Dzikaite, Petra Holmström, Per Stål, Kristina Eckes, Karin Hagen, Gösta Eggertsen, Mats Gåfvels, Öjar Melefors, Rolf Hultcrantz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)