tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biology of the immunomodulatory molecule HLA-G in human liver diseases
Authors: Laurence Amiot, Nicolas Vu, Michel Samson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)

The non-classical human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), plays an important role in inducing tolerance, through its immunosuppressive effects on all types of immune cells. Immune tolerance is a key issue in the liver, both in liver homeostasis and in the response to liver injury or cancer. It would therefore appear likely that HLA-G plays an important role in liver diseases. Indeed, this molecule was recently shown to be produced by mast cells in the livers of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Furthermore, the number of HLA-G-positive mast cells was significantly associated with fibrosis progression. The generation of immune tolerance is a role common to both HLA-G, as a molecule, and the liver, as an organ. This review provides a summary of the evidence implicating HLA-G in liver diseases. In the normal liver, HLA-G transcripts can be detected, but there is no HLA-G protein. However, HLA-G protein is detectable in the liver tissues and/or plasma of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis B or C, or visceral leishmaniasis and in liver transplant recipients. The cells responsible for producing HLA-G differ between diseases. HLA-G expression is probably induced by microenvironmental factors, such as cytokines. The expression of HLA-G receptors, such as ILT2, ILT4, and KIRD2L4, on liver cells has yet to be investigated, but these receptors have been detected on all types of immune cells, and such cells are present in liver. The tolerogenic properties of HLA-G explain its deleterious effects in cancers and its beneficial effects in transplantation. Given the key role of HLA-G in immune tolerance, new therapeutic agents targeting HLA-G could be tested for the treatment of these diseases in the future.
Fig Packing in Smyrna.
Authors: H. B. Hanson
Journal: JAMA (1907)

even those supposed to be immune showed symptoms.It was noticed that nearly every case used milk from the company in question, and Dr. Parkes, our commissioner, at once prohibited more milk being brought from the locality previously referred to.I think no milk was brought here from that point after Thursday, January 17, and immediately there was a falling off in new cases.Within a week there were in Evanston city 137 cases, of which 99 per cent, showed connection with
Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Peter T. Kuo
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Dr Mark Josephson and co-workers have collaborated with other well-known investigators to present comprehensive and current coverage of experimental and clinical aspects of sudden cardiac death. The book begins with discussion of pathological examples and ends with a chapter on common congenital lesions causing sudden death in infants, children, and adolescents. The bulk of the contribution is devoted to life-threatening arrhythmias in adult patients, with emphasis on coronary heart disease. The chronic canine myocardial ischemia model seems to have relevance to human sudden death. Enhanced sympathetic neural activity is closely related to the development of ventricular fibrillation during acute coronary occlusion. Thus, β-blockers can be helpful in controlling such fibrillation. Other data obtained in animals and man point to the role of platelets and prostaglandins in myocardial ischemia and electrical instability. Caution should be exercised in the use of antiarrhythmic drugs because of their tendency to aggravate arrhythmia. Electrophysiological testing
Registration in South Carolina.
Authors: C. F. McGahan
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Aiken, S. C., June 4, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Legislature of the State of South Carolina, in session December, 1893, passed a medical law which went into effect Jan. 4, 1894. The tenor of it is: That any one who has not registered in this State to practice medicine and surgery before Jan. 4, 1894, will have to appear before the Board for examination, after they have presented their diploma to the Board. The Board meets the fourth Tuesday in April of each year, and whenever they deem necessary to have an extra meeting. This year we meet again Tuesday, October 9, and all examinations before the Board are written, two hours being allowed upon each branch. Any one who is practicing in this State after the October meeting will be prosecuted. The fine is $300, and imprisonment for six months. Any one desiring further information can get it
Reflections on Relevance: &lt;i&gt;Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics&lt;/i&gt; in 2005
Authors: Richard Balon
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

This article focuses on the mission and relevance of articles published in &lt;i&gt;Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics &lt;/i&gt;in 2005. Four areas of articles relevant to the mission of &lt;i&gt;Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics&lt;/i&gt; are reviewed: (1) new (psycho-)therapies; (2) cognitive-behavioral therapy; (3) new or newly defined psychopathology, and (4) the impact of or impairment due to various illnesses or treatments. In addition, other clinically important and relevant issues, such as the need for new treatments, suicide during psychotherapy, technological innovations used in psychotherapies and methodology of psychotherapy trials are discussed.
Radiation Therapy Modalities for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Curtiland Deville, Edgar Ben-Josef, Neha Vapiwala
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Replacement of bortezomib with carfilzomib for multiple myeloma patients progressing from bortezomib combination therapy
Authors: J R Berenson, J D Hilger, O Yellin, R Dichmann, D Patel-Donnelly, R V Boccia, A Bessudo, L Stampleman, D Gravenor, S Eshaghian, Y Nassir, R A Swift, R A Vescio
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

In this open-label, intra-patient phase I/II trial, bortezomib was replaced with carfilzomib (escalated from 20 to 45 mg/m(2) on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15 and 16 of a 28-day cycle) for multiple myeloma (MM) patients who progressed while on or within 12 weeks of receiving a bortezomib-containing combination regimen. Study objectives included determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), overall response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), time to progression, time to response, duration of response, progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). Of 38 registered patients, 37 were treated and evaluable for efficacy and safety. Thirty-one carfilzomib-based regimens using 14 different drug combinations were tested. One regimen (carfilzomib (45 mg/m(2)), ascorbic acid (1000 mg) and cyclophosphamide (2.2 mg/kg)) reached MTD. ORR and CBR were 43.2 and 62.2%, respectively. Median progression-free survival, time to progression and OS were 8.3, 9.9 and 15.8 months, respectively. Hematologic adverse events (AEs; ⩾grade 3) included lymphopenia (35.1%), thrombocytopenia (24.3%), anemia (10.8%) and neutropenia (10.8%). Nonhematologic AEs (⩾grade 3) included fever (5.4%) and hypokalemia (5.4%). These results demonstrate that replacing bortezomib with carfilzomib is safe and can be effective for MM patients failing bortezomib-containing combination regimens. This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT01365559).
PCI was not as effective as CABG for severe coronary artery disease at 5 years
Authors: Richard G. Bach
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Mohr FW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, et al. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with three-vessel disease and left main coronary disease: 5-year follow-up of the randomised, clinical SYNTAX trial. Lancet. 2013;381:629-38. 23439102
Functional Specializations of Human Epidermal Langerhans Cells and CD14+ Dermal Dendritic Cells
Authors: Eynav Klechevsky, Rimpei Morita, Maochang Liu, Yanying Cao, Sebastien Coquery, LuAnn Thompson-Snipes, Francine Briere, Damien Chaussabel, Gerard Zurawski, A. Karolina Palucka, Yoram Reiter, Jacques Banchereau, Hideki Ueno
Journal: Immunity (2008)
THE PATHOLOGY OF MALIGNANT EPITHELIAL GROWTHS OF THE SKIN
Authors: JOHN A. FORDYCE
Journal: JAMA (1910)

believes from bis numerous investigations that no one agent is concerned in the malignant proliferation of epithelial tumors, ami that a multiple etiology is responsible for the cutaneous carcinomata.A strong arguinent against the theory of the parasitic-nature of the disease is the development of epit ichomata following exposure to sunlight, Hiintgeu rays, and other radiant energy.The action of such chemical sub¬ stances as arsenic, tar, tobacco, and scnrict-rcd on epithelium, for wiuch they have a special predilection, goes to show that a variety of agents have the power to stimulate epithelial mitosis which may pass into malignancy.Carcinomata which develop on scar tissue or ante¬ cedent conditions of the skin like lupus, syphilis, etc., suggest the I( ea °' ""splaccd cells in some cases and in others with degenerative processes which interfere with the functional life of the cells, followed as a consequence by overgrowth of the cells.
Cyclic nucleotides and phosphodiesterases and airway function
Authors: PJ Barnes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The cyclic nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) play an important role in the regulation of airway smooth muscle tone and activation of inflammatory cells. Intracellular concentrations of these nucleotides are tightly regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Several families of PDEs are now recognized and, within each isoenzyme family, molecular cloning has revealed multiple members. PDE III and IV are important in the breakdown of cAMP; PDE III is involved in the regulation of airway smooth muscle tone, whereas PDE IV is more important in inflammatory cells, including mast cells, macrophages, eosinophils, T-lymphocytes and epithelial cells. PDE V is involved in the breakdown of cGMP in airway and vascular smooth muscle. Regulation of PDE expression in health and disease is now under investigation. Several selective PDE inhibitors have recently been developed, and experimental studies indicate that PDE IV inhibitors may be useful as anti-inflammatory treatments in asthma. Clinical trials in asthma are now in progress.
Highlights in cardiovascular effects of histamine and H<sub>I</sub>‐receptor ansgonists
Authors: A. Genovese, G. Spadaro
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Despite numerous studies, the cardiac actions of histamine are still obscure. Yet, histamine could probably be clinically relevant. It is stored in large amounts in human cardiac tissue, where it is contained in the cytoplasmatic granules of mast cells (1). Mast cells are present in normal human heart tissue; they are more abundant in diseased human heart tissue where they lie in close proximity to blood vessels and between myocytes (2, 3). The histamine content of human heart mast cells is comparable to the histamine content of lung parenchymal and skin mast cells (4). Ultrastructural studies confirmed the presence of mast cells around vessels and between myocytes (2). Consequently, these cells are easily accessible to circulating antigens, drugs and stimuli that activate the cells to release vasoactive mediators which in turn can exert significant cardiovascular effects (5–7). Histamine possesses arrhythmogenic effects and once locally released, may enhance automaticity and induce triggering activity resulting in severe tachyarrhythmias. The major arrhythmogenic effects of histamine consist in increasing sinus rate and ventricular automaticity, and in slowing atrioventricular conduction (8). In addition, histamine may interfere with depolarization and repolarization through its effects on calcium and potassium currents. These effects are mediated by H2‐receptor (9). Therefore direct activation of histamine receptor can induce cardiac arrhythmias. Consequently, the interference of these histaminergic effects may explain, at least in part, the arrhythmogenic effects described for some second‐generation antihistamines, such as terfenadine and astemizole (10–25). In this brief review we will discuss the cardiac effects of histamine in experimental animal models and in man, and will review data on the safety of the new second‐generation antihistamines, focusing on their cardiotoxic effects.
ATTEMPTS TO TRANSMIT POLIOMYELITIS BY MEANS OF THE STABLE-FLY (STOMOXYS CALCITRANS)
Authors: W. A. SAWYER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In a discussion before the Fifteenth International Congress on Hygiene and Demography, Sept. 26, 1912, Rosenau<sup>1</sup>reported that he had been able to transmit a disease in all essential respects like poliomyelitis, through the agency of the biting stable-fly, from monkeys purposely infected with poliomyelitis to six out of twelve well monkeys used in his experiment. At the time of this announcement parts of California were passing through a severe epidemic of poliomyelitis,<sup>2</sup>and the problem of preventing the spread of the disease was of especial concern to the State Board of Health. If the stable-fly was the chief disseminator of poliomyelitis, very important steps were not being taken, while unnecessary preventive measures, some of them very burdensome, were being enforced. The State Board of Health at once laid plans for an investigation to determine the extent to which it should consider the stable-fly in measures for preventing
Abstract 382: Profiling angiogenic factors, RTK phosphorylation and inhibition events in breast cancer and endothelial cells using antibody arrays.
Authors: David J. Finkel, Amy E. James, Greta J. Wegner
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tumor growth and progression in breast cancer is dependent on angiogenesis, the growth of new vasculature from pre-existing vessels. Since invasive and in situ breast cancers express many angiogenic factors, we examined the profiles of angiogenesis-related proteins in the conditioned media from multiple breast cancer cell lines and their effect on activating receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC). Antibody arrays were used to measure the secretion of multiple angiogenic factors including VEGF, TIMP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, THSP-1, Angiogenin, and CXCL16. We then tested the capacity of these breast cancer cell line supernatants to induce receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) phosphorylation in endothelial cells. After treatment with conditioned media, an increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGF R1 and VEGF R2 was observed using both antibody arrays and ELISA. Select small molecule VEG FR inhibitors were then screened for their effect on tyrosine phosphorylation events. Axitinib, Ki8751, and Sunitib effectively reduced VEGFR phosphorylation induced in endothelial cells by angiogenic factors released from these breast cancer lines. Citation Format: David J. Finkel, Amy E. James, Greta J. Wegner. Profiling angiogenic factors, RTK phosphorylation and inhibition events in breast cancer and endothelial cells using antibody arrays. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 382. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-382
Endosonography vs Conventional Bronchoscopy for the Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis
Authors: Martin B. von Bartheld, Olaf M. Dekkers, Artur Szlubowski, Ralf Eberhardt, Felix J. Herth, Johannes C. C. M. in ‘t Veen, Ynze P. de Jong, Erik H. F. M. van der Heijden, Kurt G. Tournoy, Martin Claussen, Bernt van den Blink, Pallav L. Shah, Zaid Zoumot, Paul Clementsen, Celeste Porsbjerg, Thais Mauad, Fabiola D. Bernardi, Erik W. van Zwet, Klaus F. Rabe, Jouke T. Annema
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Tissue verification of noncaseating granulomas is recommended for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Bronchoscopy with transbronchial lung biopsies, the current diagnostic standard, has moderate sensitivity in assessing granulomas. Endosonography with intrathoracic nodal aspiration appears to be a promising diagnostic technique.To evaluate the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy vs endosonography in the diagnosis of stage I/II sarcoidosis.Randomized clinical multicenter trial (14 centers in 6 countries) between March 2009 and November 2011 of 304 consecutive patients with suspected pulmonary sarcoidosis (stage I/II) in whom tissue confirmation of noncaseating granulomas was indicated.Either bronchoscopy with transbronchial and endobronchial lung biopsies or endosonography (esophageal or endobronchial ultrasonography) with aspiration of intrathoracic lymph nodes. All patients also underwent bronchoalveolar lavage.The primary outcome was the diagnostic yield for detecting noncaseating granulomas in patients with a final diagnosis of sarcoidosis. The diagnosis was based on final clinical judgment by the treating physician, according to all available information (including findings from initial bronchoscopy or endosonography). Secondary outcomes were the complication rate in both groups and sensitivity and specificity of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.A total of 149 patients were randomized to bronchoscopy and 155 to endosonography. Significantly more granulomas were detected at endosonography vs bronchoscopy (114 vs 72 patients; 74% vs 48%; P < .001). Diagnostic yield to detect granulomas for endosonography was 80% (95% CI, 73%-86%); for bronchoscopy, 53% (95% CI, 45%-61%) (P < .001). Two serious adverse events occurred in the bronchoscopy group and 1 in the endosonography group; all patients recovered completely. Sensitivity of the bronchoalveolar lavage for sarcoidosis based on CD4/CD8 ratio was 54% (95% CI, 46%-62%) for flow cytometry and 24% (95% CI, 16%-34%) for cytospin analysis.Among patients with suspected stage I/II pulmonary sarcoidosis undergoing tissue confirmation, the use of endosonographic nodal aspiration compared with bronchoscopic biopsy resulted in greater diagnostic yield.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00872612.
A CASE OF VIOLENT CONVULSIONS IN A CHILD
Authors: P. H. Chavasse
Journal: BMJ (1856)

periods of rest, as at the cataumenial and "lying in" periods) intercourse has been had every night and morning or thirty years, without any bad effect being known, and several others for a shorter duration.It is clear, therefore, that the term must be considered as a comparative one, varying in its value in every case.The patient so clearly traced his illness to this cause, that before he took medical advice, he had made arrangements for escaping from all his lady friends.
Possible role of an animal vector in the SARS outbreak at Amoy Gardens
Authors: Stephen KC Ng
Journal: The Lancet (2003)

A mass outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the Amoy Gardens housing complex in Hong Kong at the end of March, 2003, affected more than 300 residents in less than a month, and has epidemiologists all over the world puzzled about the mode of transmission of this new disease, which until then was thought to be transmitted solely by respiratory droplets. The source of the outbreak was later traced to an individual with SARS who spent two nights at Amoy Gardens. Official explanations failed to account for the large number of residents infected over a wide area within a short time. A powerful environmental mechanism that efficiently amplified and distributed the causal agent must have been at work to cause this outbreak. One such mechanism could be an animal vector, most probably roof rats, that was infected by the index patient and subsequently spread the disease to more than 150 households.
"IS ACRODYNIA A NEW DISEASE?"
Authors: Edward Jenner Wood
Journal: JAMA (1925)

ABSTRACT To  Editor: —Your editorial on this subject (The Journal, October 17, p. 1225) interests me greatly. You speak of the name acrodynia which Weston introduced to differentiate  disorder from pellagra. Allow me to call your attention to a paper of my own entitled Acrodynia: Its Place in Medicine and Its Relation to Pellagra (Am. J. Trop. Med. 1:291 [Sept.] 1921). In this paper an effort is made to trace  history of this strange affection. One will find there recorded that, Aug. 26, 1828, M. Chomel (Arch. gen. de med. 18) called  attention of  Academy of Medicine to  disease which was designated epidemie de Paris, and a commission was named to study it. The first reference to this outbreak which I have been able to find was that of Genest in 1828 under  title, Recherches sur l'affection epidemique qui regne maintenant a Paris
Chemosensitization of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following mobilization by the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100
Authors: Bruno Nervi, Pablo Ramirez, Michael P. Rettig, Geoffrey L. Uy, Matthew S. Holt, Julie K. Ritchey, Julie L. Prior, David Piwnica-Worms, Gary Bridger, Timothy J. Ley, John F. DiPersio
Journal: Blood (2008)
Skull-bound perception and precision optimization through culture
Authors: Bryan Paton, Josh Skewes, Chris Frith, Jakob Hohwy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Clark acknowledges but resists the indirect mind–world relation inherent in prediction error minimization (PEM). But directness should also be resisted. This creates a puzzle, which calls for reconceptualization of the relation. We suggest that a causal conception captures both aspects. With this conception, aspects of situated cognition, social interaction and culture can be understood as emerging through precision optimization.