tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal Instability in Unirradiated Hemopoietic Cells Resulting from a Delayed <i>In vivo</i> Bystander Effect of γ Radiation
Authors: Sally A. Lorimore, Joanne M. McIlrath, Philip J. Coates, Eric G. Wright
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Untargeted effects of ionizing radiation (de novo effects in the unirradiated descendants or neighbors of irradiated cells) challenge widely held views about the mechanisms of radiation-induced DNA damage with implications for the health consequences of radiation exposures particularly in the context of the induction of malignancy. To investigate in vivo untargeted effects of sparsely ionizing (low linear energy transfer) radiation, a congenic sex-mismatch bone marrow transplantation protocol has been used to repopulate the hemopoietic system from a mixture of γ-irradiated and nonirradiated hemopoietic stem cells such that host-, irradiated donor– and unirradiated donor–derived cells can be distinguished. Chromosomal instability in the progeny of irradiated hemopoietic stem cells accompanied by a reduction in their contribution to the repopulated hemopoietic system is consistent with a delayed genomic instability phenotype being expressed in vivo. However, chromosomal instability was also shown in the progeny of the nonirradiated hemopoietic stem cells implicating a bystander mechanism. Studies of the influence of irradiated recipient stromal microenvironment and experiments replacing irradiated cells with irradiated cell–conditioned medium reveal the source of the in vivo bystander effect to be the descendants of irradiated cells, rather than irradiated cell themselves. Thus, it is possible that a radiation-induced genomic instability phenotype in vivo need not necessarily be a reflection of intrinsically unstable cells but the responses to ongoing production of inflammatory-type damaging signals as a long-term unexpected consequence of the initial single radiation exposure.
Aminocaproic acid myopathy.
Authors: M Swash
Journal: BMJ (1980)

hyperthyroid patients and observed no change in serum T3 concentrations.2We realise that these 3-adrenergic blocking drugs are less activethanpropranolol as membrane-stabilising agents, both as a local anaesthetic and in their action on intracellular cardiac potentials,3 but we would have expected to see a fall in serum T3 levels if the mechanism proposed by Dr Heyma and others is correct.
Isolation of a CD8alphaalpha+ CD4- tumour T-cell clone with cytotoxic activity from a CD4+ CD8- cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: M. Nikolova, H. Echchakir, J. Wechsler, L. Boumsell, A. Bensussan, M. Bagot
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Isolation of a CD8αα+ CD4– tumour T‐cell clone with cytotoxic activity from a CD4+ CD8– cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma Get access M. Nikolova, M. Nikolova INSERM U448, Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Echchakir, H. Echchakir INSERM U448, Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Wechsler, J. Wechsler Department of Pathology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Boumsell, L. Boumsell INSERM U448, Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Bensussan, A. Bensussan INSERM U448, Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Bagot M. Bagot INSERM U448, Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France Martine Bagot, MD, PhD. E‐mail: martine.bagot@hmn‐ap‐hop‐paris.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 1, 1 January 2003, Pages 24–29, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05015.x Published: 01 January 2003 Article history Accepted: 14 May 2002 Published: 01 January 2003
A Comparison of Symptom Severity and Bolus Retention With Chicago Classification Esophageal Pressure Topography Metrics in Patients With Achalasia
Authors: Frédéric Nicodème, Annemijn de Ruigh, Yinglian Xiao, Shankar Rajeswaran, Ezra N. Teitelbaum, Eric S. Hungness, Peter J. Kahrilas, John E. Pandolfino
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Effectiveness of a Mass Immunization Campaign Using Serogroup C Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine
Authors: Philippe De Wals
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextMeningococcal polysaccharide vaccines are of limited effectiveness. New protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines have yet to be evaluated in field conditions.ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of a serogroup C conjugate meningococcal vaccine in an outbreak setting.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsPopulation-based observational study of cases of invasive serogroup C meningococcal disease from 1996 through 2002 in Quebec identified from the provincial registry of notifiable diseases and from the provincial reference laboratory. In 2001, a mass immunization campaign with a conjugate vaccine was conducted to control an emerging epidemic. The number of vaccinated individuals was extracted from meningococcal immunization registries.Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence of invasive meningococcal disease before and 1 year after the campaign in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.ResultsVaccination coverage of those 2 months to 20 years was 82.1%. After the campaign, the number of cases of serogroup C disease decreased from 58 in 2001 to 27 in 2002, and the incidence from 7.8 per million to 3.6 per million. Vaccine effectiveness was found to be 96.8% (95% confidence interval, 75.0%-99.9%). There was no observed increase in the incidence of the other serogroups.ConclusionThe new conjugate vaccine was effective in controlling an emerging epidemic of serogroup C meningococcal disease, as well as providing short-term protection across a wide age range.
Alpha-Fetoprotein Levels in Amniotic Fluids from Spontaneous Abortions
Authors: M. J. Seller, M. R. Creasy, E. D. Alberman
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Alpha-fetoprotein (A.F.P.) levels in the amniotic fluid were determined in 54 cases of spontaneous abortion in which the amniotic sac remained intact. These levels were correlated with the morphological and cytogenetic status of the fetus. Of the 29 fetuses with no apparent abnormality 22 had A.F.P. levels below 50 μg/ml, while 10 of the 11 fetuses with severe neural tube defects had raised levels (50-305 μ/ml). Seventeen fetuses had chromosome anomalies of various types. Three out of four which were 45, X had considerably raised A.F.P. levels (78-210 μg/ml) but fetuses with other chromosome constitutions and no neural tube defects had levels no higher than 32 μg/ml.
Common Functional Genetic Variants in Catecholamine Storage Vesicle Protein Promoter Motifs Interact to Trigger Systemic Hypertension
Authors: Kuixing Zhang, Fangwen Rao, Lei Wang, Brinda K. Rana, Sajalendu Ghosh, Manjula Mahata, Rany M. Salem, Juan L. Rodriguez-Flores, Maple M. Fung, Jill Waalen, Bamidele Tayo, Laurent Taupenot, Sushil K. Mahata, Daniel T. O'Connor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Isolation of circulating tumour cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer by filter technology.
Authors: H Elst, I Van Der Auwera, P Vermeulen, A Prové, P Van Dam, P Huget, L Dirix
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5026 Introduction. Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death. For several decades, numerous attempts have been made to develop reliable assays enabling the detection and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the peripheral blood. The LeukoLOCK™ Total RNA Isolation System (Ambion®) combines leukocyte depletion filter technology intended to isolate leukocytes from whole blood, with RNALater® as a means of stabilizing the RNA in the cells captured on the filter. We hypothesized that this innovative system would also allow for the isolation of carcinoma cells by filtration, because of their larger size in comparison to peripheral blood leukocytes. The RNA extracted from the filter device could thus be used for further quantification of CTCs by qRT-PCR.&amp;#x2028; Materials and methods. The CellSearch™ Circulating Tumor Cell Test (Veridex®) was used to enrich and enumerate CTCs in all of the blood samples. The CellSearch System™utilizes iron nano-particles (ferrofluid) conjugated to EpCAM to capture CTC. Immuno-fluorescent staining for cytokeratins (CK) 8,18,19 and the nucleus (DAPI) is used to positively identify intact CTC. CTC are defined as nuclear cells, expressing cytokeratins and lacking CD45 expression. Blood samples of 5 patients with known elevated CTC were screened again after filtration with the LeukoLOCK™filter device to ensure that CTC did not slip through the filter (Table 1). The cell count obtained with the Veridex system was compared in these 5 samples, with the quantification CK19 and mammaglobin (MAM) transcripts obtained from the cells retained by the filter. In a further study on 79 patients with metastatic breast cancer, CTCs were enumerated using LeukoLOCK™Total RNA Isolation System (Ambion®) as a means of RNA isolation and compared with the Veridex system. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the presence of CTC transcripts for CK19 in the total RNA obtained from the cells captured on the filter in all of the 79 cases.&amp;#x2028; Results. In only one sample (PAT113) could one CTC be detected in the filtered blood. The values obtained for RGE for both CK19 and MAM are in agreement with that observation.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; A significant correlation was found between CTC levels and qRT-PCR normalized relative gene expression (nRGE) values for CK19 originating from the total cell population captured by the LeukoLOCK™filter device (n=79, r=0.446, p&amp;lt;0.001).&amp;#x2028; Conclusion. The LeukoLOCK™ system does not only enrich for leukocytes but can be considered as a reliable system for the enrichment and stabilization of CTC in patients with MBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5026.
How mild is mild asthma?
Authors: A R Rubinfeld, M C Pain
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Nineteen asthmatic volunteers underwent methacholine-induced asthma to the point when tightness in the chest was just sensed (threshold symptom). Changes in the following indices of lung function were measured--static lung volumes, forced expiratory volume in one second, and airways conductance. The increase in airways resistance necessary for threshold detection was at least double that previously reported in experiments using external resistive loads. Despite the mildness of the symptom, increases in lung volumes to the levels previously described during acute and severe asthma were occasionally found. It is emphasised that there may be little leeway in respiratory reserve between the development of minor and severe symptoms in some asthmatic patients.
Serial quantitative image analysis and confocal microscopy of hepatic uptake, intracellular distribution and biliary secretion of a fluorescent bile acid analog in rat hepatocyte doublets
Authors: Tsuneo Kitamura, Zenaida Gatmaitan, Irwin M. Arias
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

To characterize the poorly understood mechanisms of intracellular transport of bile acids, fluorescein isothiocyanate—glycocholate was synthesized and its ring-OH—linked structure established by fast atom bombardment, mass spectroscopy and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance. Biliary secretion of fluorescein isothiocyanate—glycocholate and [ 14 C]-labeled glycocholate in rats was similar, in contrast to the biliary secretion of sodium fluorescein and methylamine-conjugated fluorescein isothiocyanate, which are nonbile acid organic anions. After incubation of cultured hepatocyte doublets with fluorescein isothiocyanate—glycocholate, serial quantitative image analysis of fluorescence was performed in the cellular cytoplasm, perinuclear zone and bile canaliculus. Uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate—glycocholate into the cytoplasm was inhibited by removal of sodium from the medium and by addition of glycocholate or taurocholate. After preincubation with colchicine, but not lumicolchicine, the proportion of perinuclear to cytoplasmic fluorescein isothiocyanate—glycocholate increased during incubation with fluorescein isothiocyanate—glycocholate. Neither fluorescein isothiocyanate—glycocholate uptake nor canalicular secretion was affected. By confocal microscopy the perinuclear zone containing fluorescein isothiocyanate—glycocholate was identified as the Golgi apparatus by fluorescent colocalization with C 6 -NBD-ceramide, which specifically identifies the Golgi apparatus. We conclude that colchicine inhibits fluorescein isothiocyanate—glycocholate transfer from the Golgi apparatus to the bile canaliculus. These results suggest that intracellular bile acid transport involves microtubule-dependent vesicular movement from the Golgi apparatus to the bile canaliculus. The role of this process in normal physiology is uncertain. (HEPATOLOGY 1990;12:1358-1364).
Report highlights potential benefits of mobile communication devices for health
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A report on the use of mobile communication devices in managing treatment claims that they could save €99bn (£84bn; $130bn) in healthcare costs in the European Union by 2017.

The joint report on “mHealth,” by the consultants PricewaterhouseCoopers and the Groupe Speciale Mobile Association (GMSA), the body that represents the interests of mobile operators worldwide, also says that these technologies could add €93bn …
Secondary Lymphedema: Its Characteristics and Diagnostic Implications.
Authors: Richard D. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Secondary Lymphedema: Its Characteristics and Diagnostic Implications.Richard D. Smith, M.D., Alexander Schirger, M.D., John A. Spittell Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Richard D. Smith, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Alexander Schirger, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John A. Spittell Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-334_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe differential diagnosis between idiopathic (primary) lymphedema and secondary lymphedema of the lower extremity is of more than academic importance, for the latter may be a manifestation of a serious underlying disease.It has been found that idiopathic lymphedema of the legs affects women 10 times more frequently than men, most often begins before the age of 39 years, and is bilateral in about 50% of cases. It is complicated by lymphangitis in only 25% of cases.A study of 80 cases of secondary lymphedema was undertaken to determine the clinical characteristics that have value in differentiating secondary from primary... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 334-334KeywordsLymphangitisLymphedema Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Original Papers Used for Advertising.
Authors: Robert H. Harvey
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Chicago, March 30, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I notice in the advertising columns ofThe Journalof March 30, an advertisement which states: "Official Figures Reported to theAmerican Medical Associationby the Chairman of Section on Pediatrics," and then it goes on to give statistics where 6325 cases of diphtheria were treated with the advertiser's antitoxin, with a mortality of only 4.11 per cent., and 859 cases treated with all other American and foreign serums with a mortality of 7.46 per cent. These figures are taken from an article which is furnished to whoever applies to the manufacturer of the antitoxin referred to, and on the inside of the cover it states that "this is presented with the compliments of the author." I wish to ask if it is possible that this article was written as an advertisement for this particular antitoxin? If this is a fact, is it
Credibility, Cookbook Medicine, and Common Sense
Authors: Glenn W. Jones
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 December 1994Credibility, Cookbook Medicine, and Common SenseGlenn W. JonesGlenn W. JonesSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-11-199412010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Scientific summaries of experience are essential to evidence-based medicine. Their development stimulates discussion and maintains competence. A valid summary that settles a medical question should become a practice guideline (that is, a “statement” to “assist decisions”). Summaries of insufficient or conflicting data, like studies with controversial results, should not become guidelines. Dr. Dans [1] suggests that guidelines should be “works in progress.” I disagree. Summaries evolve continuously. Guidelines should change by replacement, as practice recommendations appropriately change. I also disagree that “the assumption has been that doctors (do) not need” summaries. Physicians have always integrated previous experience ...Reference1. Dans PE. Credibility, cookbook medicine, and common sense: guidelines and the College (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:966-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1994Volume 121, Issue 11Page: 898-899 Issue Published: 1 December 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A community training scheme in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Authors: R Vincent, B Martin, G Williams, E Quinn, G Robertson, D A Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Community instruction in basic life support and resuscitation techniques has been offered in Brighton Health District since 1978. Classes are held frequently for the general public and businesses, schools, and other organisations. First aid care for unconscious patients, the treatment of respiratory obstruction or failure, and the recognition and management of cardiac arrest is taught in a single two hour session. Over 20 000 people have been taught, up to 40 at a time in multiple groups of six to eight, by lay instructors usually supervised by ambulancemen trained to "paramedic" standards. Fifty four incidents have been reported to us in which techniques learnt in the classes have been implemented. Five patients recovered after first aid support but subsequently did not seek medical treatment. Of the 34 patients reviewed in hospital, at least 20 survived to be discharged. We believe that intervention may have been life saving in 16 instances. The benefit of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for victims who may have been asystolic is, however, difficult to quantify because the outcome without intervention cannot be predicted accurately. Community training in basic life support should be considered in association with ambulances equipped for resuscitation and hospital intensive care and cardiac care units as an integrated service for the victims of sudden circulatory or respiratory emergencies. The results achieved so far in Brighton and in other more advanced schemes, particularly in the United States of America, may encourage other health authorities to adopt similar programmes.
ENCEPHALOMYELITIS OF MICE
Authors: Sven Gard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

In a study of mouse encephalomyelitis the following observations were made:- 1. A definite relationship exists between the amount of virus inoculated intracerebrally and the length of the incubation period. 2. The reciprocal of the incubation period was found to be approximately proportionate to the logarithm of the amount of virus inoculated. The relationship can, therefore, be given a simple mathematical form. 3. This fact provides a basis for a new method for measurement of the activity of mouse encephalomyelitis virus.
Early increase in urinary leukotriene E<sub>4</sub> (LTE<sub>4</sub>) is dependent on allergen dose inhaled during bronchial challenge in asthmatic subjects
Authors: L. Bancalari, I. Conti, D. Giannessi, G. Lazzerini, F. L. Dente, R. De Caterina, P.L. Paggiaro
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) excretion is a good marker of the rate of total body production of sulfidopeptide leukotrienes released during allergen challenge.Twenty-three subjects with allergic asthma were challenged with inhaled allergen, and the urinary excretion of LTE4 was determined by immunoenzymatic assay (associated with HPLC separation) at various intervals after challenge.Allergen challenge caused an early airway response (EAR) with a drop in FEV1 of 40.3+/-9.9%. This was associated with an increase in urine LTE4 excretion for 0-3 h after allergen inhalation (296+/-225.25 pg/mg creatinine) in comparison with baseline values obtained during the night before challenge (101.02+/-61.97 pg/mg creatinine). Urinary LTE4 excretion was significantly higher in subjects who inhaled a higher dose of allergen during challenge (LTE4 during EAR: 211+/-192 pg/mg creatinine in subjects with inhaled total dose of allergen <0.1 biologic units; 408+/-223 pg/mg creatinine in subjects with inhaled total dose >0.1 biologic units). All subjects showed a late airway response (LAR) to allergen of different severity, from mild (FEV1 fall: 15-20%) to severe (>30%); no correlation was found between the increase in urine LTE4 excreted during LAR (3-7 h after challenge) and the severity of LAR, but only subjects with severe LAR showed a significant increase in LTE4 during LAR in comparison with baseline value.A release of sulfidopeptide leukotrienes, as evaluated by urinary LTE4 excretion, can be documented during EAR and LAR to allergen in relation to the dose of inhaled allergen, and it can represent a useful index of the events underlying the airway inflammatory responses during allergen challenge.
Definitive Radiotherapy in Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: Malcolm A. Bagshaw
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Carcinoma of the prostate may be treated by radical resection, limited resection with concomitant castration and/or administration of estrogens, or definitive radiation therapy. This latter mode of treatment has recently been reintroduced and appears to hold promise in the treatment of prostatic cancer. 12-15 Even though the efficacy of hormone management in localized carcinoma has been seriously questioned by the recent publication of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Urological Research Group, 16 a clear understanding of the extent of the disease is a necessary prerequisite to the selection of appropriate therapy. Although there is no staging system for carcinoma of the prostate which has been generally accepted, the classifications adopted by the VA Cooperative Study Group 16 and the Radiotherapy Cooperative Study Group (written communication from J. A. Del Regato, MD, from the protocol and experimental design for a cooperative study of radiotherapy for carcinoma of the prostate, stage C, July