tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Learning surgery in Paris.
Authors: I. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1992)

ordinary clothes but did roll up his sleeves.'IBy 1890 surgeons and assistants had progressed to freshly laundered gowns (fig 3), Lister had abandoned the spray, and aseptic techniques were being developed.When the new surgical block of the infirmary opened in 1892 the theatre contained a scrub up sink and instrument boiler, but it was still an amphitheatre and surgical lists could not start until the daily lecture to students had been delivered.In that year 12 laparotomies were performed; by 1909, as Ogston retired, 12 abdominal operations were performed each week, the theatres were already outdated, and a new stack of theatres was being planned, suited to aseptic techniques.Between the retirement of Keith and of Ogston surgery had been transformed.Ogston was one of a remarkable group of surgeons on both sides of the Atlantic who recognised that Lister's legacy enabled them to exploit the technical skills of their forebears in new fields.Ogston himself had also made a unique.contribution to the scientific foundations of surgical practice.
Tc99m-HMPAO IK ALZHEIMERʼS DISEASE (AD): CORRELATION OF SEMIQURNTITATIVE PERFUSION WITH BEHAVIOR
Authors: F J Mena, Y C Chou, M Hanelin, S Read, B Miller, C Thompson, K Garrett, I Hena
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Mena, F J; Chou, Y C; Hanelin, M; Read, S; Miller, B; Thompson, C; Garrett, K; Hena, I Author Information
P238 Prescription issue data as a measure of adherence with nebulised therapy in an adult cystic fibrosis centre
Authors: P. I. Wilson, S. P. Range, A. C. Murphy
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Patients with cystic fibrosis are often prescribed complex time-consuming medication regimens. We know from studies in chronic diseases that most patients will be at best only partially adherent with their medication. We studied adherence with nebulised therapy in our adult CF clinic, by measuring the actual quantity of medication prescribed as recorded in General Practitioner and hospital computer prescribing records. The results were compared with the CF centre staff9s predictions of adherence on an individual patient basis. <h3>Methods</h3> We requested prescription issue data for 26 patients on nebulised dornase α, colistin and tobramycin both from the patient9s general practitioners and from the hospital pharmacy. We compared the actual quantity of medication prescribed to each patient to the expected number of doses that they should have received during a 12-month period and calculated a percentage adherence based on these figures. Based on previous work in our difficult asthma clinic we assigned obtaining =80% of doses as being adherent; =50% but &lt;80% as partially adherent and &lt;50% as non-adherent with the medication. <h3>Results</h3> Full prescription data were received for 22 of the 26 patients included in the study. Of these 15% (2/13) were adherent; 23% (3/13) were partially adherent and 62% (8/13) were non-adherent with nebulised colistin. 26% (5/19) were adherent; 26% (5/19) were partially adherent and 48% (9/19) were non-adherent with dornase α 100% (8/8) patients were adherent with nebulised tobramycin. The cystic fibrosis team correctly predicted only 40% (111/280) of the respective adherence rates found. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The use of prescription data provides useful information regarding adult CF patients9 adherence with high-cost nebulised therapy. In our clinic adherence rates were low, and CF clinicians were poor at predicting adherence rates in individual patients. Used in isolation prescription data are a useful indicator of non-adherence, but does not accurately measure positive adherence without consideration of other methods of measurement. We are currently extending this study to compare pharmacy issue data with other methods of measuring adherence in adult CF patients.
Behavioral Science in Pediatric Medicine
Authors: Stuart M. Finch
Journal: JAMA (1972)

As noted in the preface, this book, edited by a professor of pediatrics, a professor of human development, and a professor of psychiatry devotes itself to the concept that "behavioral and social disorders are no less important than major physical and biological agents as causes of disease and disability among infants, children, and adolescents." The book is divided into nine sections. The first, entitled "Social and Behavioral Causes and Consequences of Disease Among Children," stresses the fact that sociobehavioral and physical disorders occur with about the same frequency in children and that the two are apt to be seen together in children with chronic physical disease. A form developed by the Children's Service of the Massachusetts General Hospital to record all pertinent facts is presented. Section two, "Physiological Psychology," presents what we know— and even more important what we don't know—about the role of the central nervous system mechanisms in
TCT-135 Antegrade Transapical Branched Aortic Arch Endograft - a Feasibility Study in Pigs
Authors: Sabine Wipper, Christina Lohrenz, Oliver Ahlbrecht, Mohamad Akkra, Sebastian W. Carpenter, Nikolaos Tsilimparis, Eike S. Debus, Christian Detter, Axel Larena-Avellaneda, Tilo Kölbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine
Authors: Masahiro Nakajima, Atsushi Takahashi, Takashi Tsuji, Tatsuki Karasugi, Hisatoshi Baba, Kenzo Uchida, Shigenori Kawabata, Atsushi Okawa, Shigeo Shindo, Kazuhiro Takeuchi, Yuki Taniguchi, Shingo Maeda, Masafumi Kashii, Atsushi Seichi, Hideaki Nakajima, Yoshiharu Kawaguchi, Shunsuke Fujibayashi, Masahiko Takahata, Toshihiro Tanaka, Kei Watanabe, Kazunobu Kida, Tsukasa Kanchiku, Zenya Ito, Kanji Mori, Takashi Kaito, Sho Kobayashi, Kei Yamada, Masahito Takahashi, Kazuhiro Chiba, Morio Matsumoto, Ken-Ichi Furukawa, Michiaki Kubo, Yoshiaki Toyama, Shiro Ikegawa
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Call for routine cystic fibrosis screening
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A specialist group has called for more health authorities in Britain to consider testing newborn babies for cystic fibrosis. The call comes as more evidence of the benefits of early diagnosis has emerged from a large study in the United States.

Over 650 000 newborn babies were screened for cystic fibrosis in a trial carried out by the Wisconsin Cystic Fibrosis Neonatal Screening Study Group, but only half of them were given the sweat test to confirm the disease-the rest were diagnosed by standard methods (symptoms, family history).

The investigators found that cystic fibrosis was diagnosed much earlier with screening-at …
Factors Influencing the Production of Recombinant SV40 Vectors
Authors: Maria Vera, Jesus Prieto, David S. Strayer, Puri Fortes
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Most gene therapy approaches employ viral vectors for gene delivery. Ideally, these vectors should be produced at high titer and purity with well-established protocols. Standardized methods to measure the quality of the vectors produced are imperative, as are techniques that allow reproducible quantitation of viral titer. We devised a series of protocols that achieve high-titer production and reproducible purification and provide for quality control and titering of recombinant simian virus 40 vectors (rSV40s). rSV40s are good candidate vehicles for gene transfer: they are easily modified to be nonreplicative and they are nonimmunogenic. Further, they infect a wide variety of cells and allow long-term transgene expression. We report here these protocols to produce rSV40 vectors in high yields, describe their purification, and characterize viral stocks using quality control techniques that monitor the presence of wild-type SV40 revertants and defective interfering particles. Several methods for reproducible titration of rSV40 viruses have been compared. We believe that these techniques can be widely applied to obtain high concentrations of high-quality rSV40 viruses reproducibly.
Tenosynovitis in Untrained Farm-workers
Authors: R. E. Flowerdew, O. B. Bode
Journal: BMJ (1942)

MEDICARL1JSO`URNAL 367- pouch.Leakage did not occur, and the patient made an uneventful recovery.When seen ten weeks after operation the woman was very well and had returned to work.Since this note.was written the patient has been seen again.Several times she has had attacks of pain in the right hypo- chondrium, and on one occasion has had a feeling of chilliness with slight shivering-symptoms which may reasonably be attributed to a mild infection of the bile ducts.The attacks were not severe or prolonged, but they deserve mention, as other reports give conflicting accounts of the incidence and severity of this complication.
A comparison of results of excision and bypass for ileal Crohn's disease
Authors: J. Alexander-Williams, J. F. Fielding, W. T. Cooke
Journal: Gut (1972)

One hundred and ten patients presented with Crohn9s disease confined to the terminal ileum, and indications for their surgical treatment are reviewed. Treatment was either by ileo-transverse side-to-side bypass (21 patients) or primary excision and end-to-end ileo-colic anastomosis (89 patients). In a long follow up (mean 13·8 years) the date and indications for the second major operative intervention are recorded. The cumulative risk of recurrence recorded each year after the primary operation shows that after bypass compared with excision there is approximately twice the risk of requiring a further major operation. After bypass the indication for the second operation is usually a local complication of the still active disease and after excision it is usually a juxta-anastomotic recurrence with stenosis.
Ethics and international research
Authors: Edi-Osagie Eco., N E Edi-Osagie, P Lurie, S M Wolfe, J Burdon, R Baraza, M J Landray, N A Halsey, A Sommer, R E Black, P Godfrey-Faussett, A Mwinga, M Hosp, R Baggaley, M Quigley, J Porter
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A recent commentary in the New England Journal of Medicine by Lurie and Wolfe criticised placebo controlled trials designed to identify simple and effective interventions to prevent maternal-infant HIV transmission in developing countries.1 Their commentary reflects a lack of understanding of the realities of health care in developing countries and ethical principles of research. The commentary and an accompanying editorial by Angell2 take a position that would prevent developed countries from collaborating with developing countries to identify practical and affordable health interventions.

Lurie and Wolfe propose that studies supported by the United States government should provide all participants with the same level of care that is available to Americans. This is a misinterpretation of the Council for International Organisation of Medical Sciences guidelines, which call for universal principles of ethical research, not universal standards of medical care.3 Under the guidelines, interventions must be appropriate for the country where the research is conducted and no research subjects may be denied care that would otherwise be available for them. The studies …
Erectile Dysfunction and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Boris Schouten, Arthur M. Bohnen, Siep Thomas
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Top Medicare billing doctor is arrested for fraud
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A Florida ophthalmologist who is the top biller of Medicare in the United States has been indicted on 46 charges of medical fraud.

Salomon Melgen, 61, is accused of falsely diagnosing serious eye diseases and providing useless and unneeded treatments so that he could bill for them. Melgen routinely billed for imaging studies in which intravenous contrast dye was given orally and billed for injecting drugs designed to treat macular degeneration into eyes that were actually blind or even prosthetic, the charges allege.

He was arrested at his office and is being held in custody while his attorneys seek bail. Prosecutors say that Melgen, owner of a private jet and a villa in his native Dominican Republic, is a flight risk.

Melgen, the sole physician practitioner in his three Tampa Bay clinics, saw up to 100 patients a day and billed Medicare for $190m (£130m; €175m) between 2004 and 2013, of which $105m was paid out.

Targeted by …
Hip Fracture Management
Authors: William W. Hung, Kenneth A. Egol, Joseph D. Zuckerman, Albert L. Siu
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Hip fracture is a potentially devastating condition for older adults. Hip fracture leads to pain and immobilization with complications ranging from delirium to functional loss and death. Although a mainstay of treatment is orthopedic repair, a multidisciplinary comanagement approach, including medical specialists and rehabilitation, may maximize patient recovery. Using the case of Mr W, an older man who sustained a fall and hip fracture, we present evidence-based components of care both in the hospital and outpatient settings. Preoperatively, clinicians should correct medical abnormalities and consider the appropriateness, timing, and type of surgical repair in the context of the patient's life expectancy and goals of care. Perioperative care should include prophylaxis with antibiotics, chemoprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism, and correction of major clinical abnormalities prior to surgery. Pain control, delirium, and pressure ulcer prevention are important inpatient care elements. Multidisciplinary models incorporating these care elements can decrease complications during inpatient stay. Rehabilitation strategies should be tailored to patient needs; early mobilization followed by rehabilitation exercises in institutional, home, and group settings should be considered to maximize restoration of locomotive abilities. Attention to care transitions is necessary and treatment for osteoporosis should be considered. The road to recovery for hip fracture patients is long and most patients may not regain their prefracture functional status. Understanding and anticipating issues that may arise in the older patient with hip fracture, while delivering evidence-based care components, is necessary to maximize patient recovery.
Concordance between sustained virologic response week 12 (SVR12) and SVR24 in genotype 1 hepatitis C virus patients receiving interferon-free treatment in the SOUND-C2 study
Authors: Stefan Zeuzem, Federico J. Mensa
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Marcellin et al.1 suggest that the rate of sustained virologic response 12 weeks posttreatment (SVR12), rather than SVR24, could be a reliable primary endpoint in trials of interferon (IFN)-based therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To determine whether this is true for IFN-free regimens, we analyzed data from the SOUND-C2 trial, which investigated the IFN-free combination of the protease inhibitor faldaprevir (BI 201335) and the nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitor deleobuvir (BI 207127) in treatment-naïve patients with genotype-1 HCV.2 HCV RNA was measured 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks posttreatment and concordance between SVR rates at different timepoints was calculated.2 SVR12 rates were up to 69% in the overall population and 85% in genotype-1b patients without any relapses occurring between SVR12 and SVR24. The positive predictive value (PPV) of SVR12 for SVR24 was 100% in all study arms. In preliminary analyses, only one patient of all 250 patients who achieved SVR12 relapsed between the SVR12 and SVR48 timepoints. The PPV of SVR12 for SVR48 was 98%-100%. The relapsing patient was a 66-year-old white male without cirrhosis (IL28B non-CC), with HCV genotype-1b. HCV RNA was 6.4 log10 IU/mL at baseline and dropped below the limit of detection by Day 14. It remained undetectable until relapse was detected 48 weeks posttreatment (HCV RNA ∼5.4 log10 IU/mL). No adherence issues were reported and no mutations known to confer resistance to faldaprevir or deleobuvir were detected at baseline or time of relapse. The nucleotide sequences of the NS3 and NS5B regions in the baseline and relapse virus were >99% homologous, indicating relapse rather than reinfection. Low rates of late relapse have previously been observed following IFN-based treatment3 and IFN-free treatment.4 The explanation for late relapse requires further investigation. Our results support SVR12 as a primary endpoint in IFN-free HCV trials. They also emphasize the importance of monitoring all patients for at least 1 year following the end of IFN-based or IFN-free treatment. Stefan Zeuzem, M.D.1 Federico J. Mensa, M.D.2 1Klinikum der J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 2Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
Excess Mortality Among Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Donald W. Black
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Of 5,412 patients admitted to the University of Iowa Psychiatric Hospital between Jan 1, 1972, and Dec 31, 1981, three hundred thirty-one died during the follow-up period, significantly more than expected. The risk for premature death was greatest among women and the young, especially those between the ages of 30 and 39 years. Risk was associated with all psychiatric diagnoses and was significantly higher among patients of either sex with an organic mental disorder or schizophrenia; women with acute schizophrenia, depressive neuroses, alcoholism, drug abuse, and psycho-physiologic disorders and special symptoms; and men with neuroses. Suicide and accidental death were more frequent than expected and were responsible for two thirds of the excess deaths. During the total time of follow-up, women were at risk for natural deaths but men were not. Our most important finding was that 99% of the excess deaths occurred within two years of discharge. During this period there were undue numbers of both "natural" and "unnatural" deaths. The first two years after discharge are a time of great risk for psychiatric patients, particularly women.
B lymphocytes in vivo fail to prime naive T cells but can stimulate antigen-experienced T lymphocytes.
Authors: F Ronchese, B Hausmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The ability of B cells or macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) to elicit class II-restricted T cell responses in vivo was compared using a mouse chimera model. Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (H-2d), reconstituted either with T or T+B lymphocytes from (H-2d x H-2b) donors, were immunized subcutaneously with protein antigen (Ag) to induce a class II-restricted T cell response. The frequency and major histocompatibility complex restriction of the resulting Ag-specific T cells were analyzed to establish whether B cells were necessary for the induction of class II-restricted T cell responses, and to determine the cell type on which priming had occurred. The results indicated that: (a) B cells are not necessary for the induction of a class II-restricted T cell response in vivo, as the frequencies of interleukin 2 (IL-2)- or IL-3-secreting T cells induced in the presence or absence of B cells were comparable. (b) Activation of naive T cells requires presentation of Ag on DC; Ag presented only on B cells is not sufficient to elicit a response. No H-2b-restricted, IL-3-secreting cells could in fact be detected in SCID mice reconstituted with naive (H-2d x H-2b) T cells and nonimmune or antigen-primed (H-2d x H-2b) B cells. (c) Previously primed T cells are able to be stimulated by Ag presented by both B cells and DC. H-2b-restricted, IL-3-secreting cells could in fact be readily demonstrated in SCID mice reconstituted with antigen-primed (H-2d x H-2b) T and B cells. Irrespective of whether the T cells were naive or previously activated, B cells were able to respond with an Ag-specific immunoglobulin G response, indicating that B cells were functional and able to present Ag in order to receive specific T cell help. Therefore, it appears that B cells are not necessary and do not participate in the initial priming of T cells; however, Ag presented by B cells can reactivate previously primed T cells. Taken together, these data indicate that during the course of an immune response Ag is first presented to naive T cells via DC, and only subsequently primed T cells can be stimulated by Ag presented by B cells.
Delta hepatitis in homosexual men in the united states
Authors: Isaac B. Weisfuse, Stephen C. Hadler, Howard A. Fields, Miriam J. Alter, Paul M. O’Malley, Franklyn N. Judson, David G. Ostrow, Norman L. Altman
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

To assess the incidence and prevalence of delta hepatitis in homosexual men, we tested serum specimens for delta markers in participants in two previous studies: a hepatitis B vaccine trial among homosexual men conducted in the early 1980's and the Centers for Disease Control sentinel counties hepatitis study for 1983-1984. In the vaccine trial, men found to be hepatitis B surface antigen positive at the time of enrollment and those men who had serologic evidence of new hepatitis B virus infection during follow-up were tested. In the sentinel counties study that determined risk factors for viral hepatitis in reported cases, all homosexual men with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infections were tested for delta markers. Specimens were tested for delta antigen and IgM and total delta antibody. In seven different cities, among 321 men found to be HBsAg positive at the time of screening, eight (2%) were positive for any delta marker. Among 290 men with new hepatitis B virus infections during follow-up, three (two coinfections, one superinfection) had serologic evidence of delta hepatitis. In the sentinel counties study, 0/63 acute hepatitis B virus infections in homosexual men were associated with delta hepatitis. This study indicates that the delta agent is an infrequent cause of viral hepatitis in homosexual men in the United States.
Maternal Hypothyroidism and Fetal Development
Authors: Robert D. Utiger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Thyroid deficiency during the latter two thirds of gestation and the first months after delivery can result in mental retardation and sometimes neurologic deficits. Whether thyroid hormone is needed during the first trimester is less certain. If it is, it must be supplied by the mother, because none is secreted by the fetus until the middle trimester.During the middle and last trimesters, thyroid hormone is supplied by both the mother and the fetus but mostly by the mother. This is most evident in the fate of infants with sporadic congenital hypothyroidism. Most of these infants are normal at birth, . . .