tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nebivolol for Improving Endothelial Dysfunction, Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling, and Right Heart Function in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Frédéric Perros, Benoît Ranchoux, Mohamed Izikki, Sana Bentebbal, Chris Happé, Fabrice Antigny, Philippe Jourdon, Peter Dorfmüller, Florence Lecerf, Elie Fadel, Gerald Simonneau, Marc Humbert, Harm Jan Bogaard, Saadia Eddahibi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Resuscitation Is Better for Combat Casualty Outcomes
Authors: John B. Holcomb
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

The study by Langan et al1 reviews the association between damage control resuscitation (DCR) and combat casualty outcomes over a 10-year period (2002-2011). Damage control resuscitation is a resuscitation guidelinewrittenanddistributed in the Iraq war combat theater in 2005, and as Langan et al1 demonstrate in their study of 57 179 soldiers admitted to combat hospitals, improved hospital outcomes are associatedwith thebroadadoptionof this transfusionapproach. Whilemany changes occurred during this decade ofwar, perhaps themost significantwashowresuscitationevolved.Crystalloiduseplummeted,andabalancedapproachtobloodproducts transfusionbecamethenorm.Langanetal1 state that“DCR isoneof themost importantmedical breakthroughsofour current conflicts.” Asastrong testament to thepowerof theJointTraumaSystem, it is important to note that research teams were deployed; protocols approved; data collected, entered into a database, and analyzed; guidelines promulgated; articles published; and changesmade, all while thewarwas ongoing. Literallyhundredsof civilians,USmilitarypersonnel, and collationpartnersworked tirelessly to accomplishment this feat. Currently,more than80 000casualtiesare recorded in theJoint TraumaRegistry.Plannersof futureconflicts (nextmonth,next year, or thenextdecade)must learn fromthis effort and implement the lessons learned.2 Clearlypublishedbutunfortunately largelyoverlookedby the military leadership is the finding that a large percentage of both prehospital and hospital combat deaths are potentially preventable.3,4 In addition, there are less-than-optimal outcomes (not resulting in death) that routinely occur. Both of these findingsdeserve tobegivenequal attention and to receive an immediate response. Data on these potentially preventable adverse outcomes should be compiled on a weekly basis by the Joint Trauma System. They then need to be reviewedby theUS Secretary of Defense, and each adverse outcome should serve as an immediate catalyst for focused research efforts and rapid system change. Similar preventable outcomes on the operational side of the military (eg, negligent discharge, losing aweapon, and leadership deficiencies) routinely incur an immediate command reaction. Preventable adverse outcomes on the medical side deserve a similar immediate command response. Today, some of the service’s medical commanders are drifting away from a focus on combat casualty care. Let’s not repeat what Col DeBakey so clearly articulated hashappenedafter everywar.5 SecretaryofDefenseRobertM. Gates described in his book6 the concepts of rapid review and positive action—theessenceof ahigh-functioning traumasystem. The War on Terrorism will not be over for a long time. Commandattention at all levels on combat casualty caremust remain a laser focus or our casualties will not have the best possible outcome.
Prematurity and Mortality in Childhood and Early Adulthood
Authors: Tobias Strunk, Karen Simmer, David Burgner
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CONGENITAL ABSENCE OF UTERUS AND VAGINA: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: G. J. Ferreira
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>History.</h3> —Mrs. B., a woman, aged 20, of Finnish parentage, married nine months, came to my office, Dec. 23, 1922, complaining that she had never menstruated. In the spring of 1922, shortly before her marriage, she consulted a physician in a nearby town for the same complaint. After examination, she was told that there was nothing to worry about, and that she would probably menstruate within another year. Thus encouraged, she married. <h3>Examination.</h3> —The patient was well developed, well proportioned, and of pleasing personality. The head and neck were normal, the thyroid normal, the heart and lungs negative. Axillary hair was present in normal quantity. The mammae were well developed, the abdomen was normal. The pelvis was well formed, and of the female type. Pubic hair was abundant and of characteristic distribution. On superficial inspection, the vulva appeared normal. The labia majora and minora and the clitoris were well developed.
Breast cancer imaging with radiolabelled peptide from complementarity-determining region of antitumour antibody
Authors: G.B Sivolapenko, V Douli, G Sirmalis, E Merkouri, K Konstantinides, D Pectasides, D Skarlos, N.S Courtenay-Luck, A.A Epenetos, R Hussain, J Cook, N.S Courtenay-Luck
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Research finds genetic link to personality trait
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The first evidence that a normal personality trait is partially medicated by genes comes from two studies, one from Israel and the other from the United States (Nature Genetics 1995;12:78-80, 81-4). Both test the hypothesis that individual variation in the “novelty seeking” trait, a normal personality characteristic that we all possess, is associated with a genetically determined variability in dopamine transmission in the brain.

Both found, in different populations of normal subjects, a significant association between high test scores on validated questionnaires measuring novelty seeking — characterised by excitable, impulsive, exploratory, and extravagant behaviour—and the presence of long alleles of D4 dopamine receptor gene exon III. Those with only short alleles had lower novelty …
Graduated Driver Licensing and Fatal Crashes Involving 16- to 19-Year-Old Drivers
Authors: Scott V. Masten, Robert D. Foss, Stephen W. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (2011)

In the United States, graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems allow full, unrestricted licensure for drivers younger than 18 years only after an initial period of supervised driving and an intermediate period of unsupervised driving that limits driving at night, transporting multiple young passengers, or both.To estimate the association of GDL programs with involvement in fatal crashes among 16- to 19-year-old drivers.Pooled cross-sectional time series analysis of quarterly 1986-2007 incidence of fatal crashes involving drivers aged 16 to 19 years for all 50 states and the District of Columbia combined.Population-based rates of fatal crash involvement for 16-, 17-, 18-, and 19-year-old drivers. Rate ratios and 95% CIs comparing state-quarters with stronger (restrictions on both nighttime driving and allowed passengers) or weaker (restrictions on either nighttime driving or allowed passengers) GDL programs with state-quarters without GDL.Fatal crash incidence among teen drivers increased with age, from 28.2 per 100,000 person-years (16-year-old drivers) to 36.9 per 100,000 (17-year-olds), before reaching a plateau of 46.2 per 100,000 (18-year-olds) and 44.0 per 100,000 (19-year-olds). After adjusting for potential confounders, stronger GDL programs were associated with lower incidence of fatal crashes for 16-year-old drivers, compared with programs having none of the key GDL elements (rate ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.65-0.84]). However, stronger GDL programs were associated with higher fatal crash incidence for 18-year-old drivers (rate ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01-1.23]). Rate ratios for 17-year-olds (0.91 [95% CI, 0.83-1.01]), 19-year-olds (1.05 [95% CI, 0.98-1.13]), and 16- to 19-year-olds combined (0.97 [95% CI, 0.92-1.03]) were not statistically different from the null.In the United States, stronger GDL programs with restrictions on nighttime driving as well as allowed passengers, relative to programs with none of the key GDL elements, were associated with substantially lower fatal crash incidence for 16-year-old drivers but somewhat higher fatal crash incidence for 18-year-old drivers. Future studies should seek to determine what accounts for the increase among 18-year-old drivers and whether refinements in GDL programs can reduce this association.
Arthrodesis of the Ankle Joint
Authors: Joseph S. Barr, Eugene E. Record
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE ankle joint — to function properly — must have smooth articular cartilage, proper weight- bearing alignment, intact supporting ligaments and good musculature under adequate voluntary control. A variety of pathologic changes are of frequent occurrence. Trauma, infection and certain other processes may cause such damage to the cartilaginous surfaces of the joint that a painful arthritis prevents normal function. Gross deformities of the foot — congenital or acquired — such as a clubfoot or the late sequelae of poliomyelitis and hemiplegia result in inability to place the sole of the foot flat on the floor and to carry out, . . .
Don't keep taking the tablets
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Cephalostatin 1 is a marine product that induces a novel cytochrome c-independent apoptotic pathway in Jurkat leukemia T cells (<i>Cancer Res</i><b>63:</b>8869–8876, 2003). Here, we show that overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 protects cells only partially against cephalostatin 1-induced apoptosis. The mechanism of Bcl-2 inactivation by cephalostatin 1 is based on hyperphosphorylation of Bcl-2 on Thr<sup>69</sup> and Ser<sup>87</sup> because Jurkat cells overexpressing a Bcl-2 protein with mutations on both phosphorylation sites were completely protected against cephalostatin 1. In search of the kinase responsible for Bcl-2 phosphorylation, c-Jun NH<sub>2</sub>-terminal kinase (JNK) was found to be activated by cephalostatin 1. Reduction of Bcl-2 phosphorylation by the specific JNK inhibitor (anthra(1,3-<i>cd</i>)pyrazol-6(2<i>H</i>)-one) SP600125 suggested a crucial role for JNK in this process. JNK activation was not a consequence of DNA damage, a known stimulus of JNK, because cephalostatin 1 did not induce DNA lesions as shown by the comet assay. Arrest in M-phase is also demonstrated to be associated with JNK activation. However, cephalostatin 1 does not evoke an arrest in M-phase as shown by flow cytometry. Together, cephalostatin 1 is shown to induce JNK activation with subsequent Bcl-2 phosphorylation and inactivation. Reported triggers, such as the induction of an M-phase arrest or DNA damage are not involved in this process, suggesting a novel mechanism for cephalostatin 1-mediated Bcl-2 hyperphosphorylation.
Progressive Osteoblastic Bone Metastases in Breast Cancer Negative on FDG-PET
Authors: Valérie Huyge, Camilo Garcia, Anja Vanderstappen, Jean Alexiou, Thierry Gil, Patrick Flamen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Positron emission tomography using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is increasingly used in breast cancer. The new generation cameras integrate PET and CT within the same camera, allowing the simultaneous assessment of the structural and metabolic aspects of disease. There is presently a controversy on the clinical significance of osteoblastic bone metastases in breast cancer which are not detected on FDG-PET. It has been suggested that these radiologically dense lesions represent the result of successful treatment of initially osteolytic lesions. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman with a suspicion of recurrent breast cancer based on an increasing serum tumor marker. Serial PET/CT showed progressive blastic bone metastases on the CT without FDG uptake. These lesions were confirmed by bone single photon emission computed tomography. This case report shows: first, that progressive osteoblastic lesions can lack FDG-avidity, leading to a false-negative PET; and secondly, that bone scintigraphy should not be replaced by FDG-PET/CT for the detection of bone metastases in breast cancer.
Are referrals by general practitioners influenced by the availability of consultants?
Authors: M. Roland, R. Morris
Journal: BMJ (1988)

To investigate variations in the number of outpatients seen in different NHS regions of Great Britain data on numbers of outpatients, number of consultants per 100,000 population, mortality, and prescribing rates were analysed for four specialties: medicine, thoracic medicine, psychiatry, and dermatology. The number of outpatients seen was strongly associated with the provision of consultants in all four specialties and only weakly associated with need for outpatient services as measured by standardised mortality ratios and mean numbers of prescriptions per patient issued by general practitioners. Interpretations of differences in referral rates need to take into account variations in the supply of specialists as a factor that may influence the referral behaviour of general practitioners.
Atherogenic Vascular Stiffness and Hypertension
Authors: Debabrata Mukherjee
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Echoacousia in Gerstmann Syndrome
Authors: Daniel Jacome
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dysacusis is a hearing disturbance that refers to malfunction of the sense organ or to an abnormal brain function such as auditory agnosia, phonemic regression, and psychogenic "deafness."<sup>1(p85)</sup>Paracusis refers to the ability to hear better in noisy places,<sup>1(p89)</sup>and diplacusis ("hearing double") is a form of dysacusis in which a given pure tone has different pitches in the two ears.<sup>1(p96)</sup> Recently I had the opportunity to examine a patient with the curious clinical sign called echoacousia, occurring in association with the controversial Gerstmann syndrome without aphasia (acalculia, finger agnosia, left-to-right disorientation).<sup>2-4</sup> The patient was a 70-year-old right-handed woman with a history of extracranial vascular disease and compensated hypothyroidism who required admission to the hospital because of uncontrolled hypertension of sudden onset associated with a clinical presentation of right-side dysesthesias ("water running on my right side"). The neurological examination disclosed marked discalculia, finger
Supplementation with folic acid
Authors: D. Metson, M G Kremer, M Tobin, G S Kassianos, C. Broomfield, J. Cruise
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—In 1992 the Department of Health recommended that all women should take folic acid supplements around the time of conception to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects.1 We undertook a survey of antenatal patients and those trying to conceive who attended our surgery in May and June 1994 to determine whether this advice was being followed. Of the 109 pregnant women surveyed, only 20 had taken supplements in accordance with the recommendations. In a further five cases the pregnancies were unplanned; …
TRACHEOTOMY IN QUINSY, AND RAPID RECOVERY
Authors: W. H. Borham
Journal: BMJ (1855)

1 not cetain, that the oyersiou su due to the admission of ir iito the pleural cavity.It seems, however, posible to prevent by very simple means the admission of air; and certinly, whether in referce to this, or any other similar incidental source of danger, we are bound, in judging of the operation, to assume that it is performed skilfully, and with proper Precautions.Having thus very imperfectly considered some of the principal points connected with the subject before us, I may submit the following conclusions as deducible from an examination of the cases I have referred to:-
Abstract 4890: ING2, a p53- and chromatin-interacting protein, is essential to mammalian spermatogenesis: Implications in male infertility in humans
Authors: Motonobu Saito, Kensuke Kumamoto, Izumi Horikawa, Ana I. Robles, Bungo Furusato, Shu Okamura, Akiteru Goto, Taro Yamashita, Makoto Nagashima, Tin-Lap Lee, Vanessa Baxendale, Owen M. Rennert, Seiichi Takenoshita, Jun Yokota, Isabell A. Sesterhenn, Glenwood E. Trivers, Perwez Hussain, Curtis C. Harris
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract ING2 (inhibitor of growth family, member 2) plays pivotal roles in the regulation of cellular senescence, apoptosis, DNA damage repair, gene transcription and chromatin modification. Our previous in vitro studies on cellular senescence suggested that ING2 functionally interplays with the p53 tumor suppressor protein in two different manners: endogenous ING2 inhibits senescence and the transcriptional repression of ING2 by p53 abrogates this inhibition; and overexpressed ING2 enhances p53 acetylation and stability to induce senescence. ING2, as a subunit of the mSin3A-HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1) complex, specifically binds to tri-methylated lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3) via its plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and regulates gene expression through chromatin modifications in response to DNA damage. This study investigates the in vivo developmental and physiological functions of ING2. Abundant expression of ING2 in mouse and human testes and its decreased expression associated with male infertility and defective spermatogenesis in humans suggested an essential role of ING2 in spermatogenesis, which is a process tightly regulated by chromatin modifications. Consistently, male mice deficient for Ing2 were infertile. Their testes had degeneration of seminiferous tubules, which became more severe with age, and showed enhanced p53-dependent and -independent apoptosis. Spermatogenesis arrest at meiotic phase in Ing2−/− testes was due to impaired HDAC1 accumulation and deregulated chromatin acetylation. This study establishes ING2 as a novel mammalian regulator of spermatogenesis, suggests that an HDAC1/ING2/H3K4me3-regulated, stage-specific coordination of chromatin modifications is essential to normal spermatogenesis, and provides a model system to study idiopathic and iatrogenic infertility in men, including those who had cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Spontaneous tumor incidence and spectrum were similar in wild-type and Ing2-deficient mice. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4890.
Genetically Increased Antioxidative Protection and Decreased Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Klaus Juul, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Stefan Marklund, Peter Lange, Børge G. Nordestgaard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Rationale: Increased oxidative stress is involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, plasma and bronchial lining fluid contains the antioxidant extracellular superoxide dismutase. Approximately 2% of white individuals carry the R213G polymorphism in the gene encoding extracellular superoxide dismutase, which increases plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase 10-fold and presumably also renders bronchial lining fluid high in extracellular superoxide dismutase.Objective: We tested the hypothesis that R213G reduces the risk of COPD.Methods: We studied cross-sectionally and prospectively (during 24 yr) 9,258 individuals from the Danish general population genotyped for R213G.Measurements: We determined plasma extracellular superoxide dismutase concentration, pulmonary function and COPD diagnosed by means of spirometry or through national hospitalization and death registers.Main Results: In the general population, 97.5% were noncarriers, 2.4% were heterozygotes, and 0.02% were homozygotes. Among R213G noncarriers, extracellular superoxide dismutase plasma concentration was 148 ± 52 and 142 ± 43 ng/ml (mean ± SD) in individuals with and without COPD (Student's t test, p = 0.02). Among heterozygotes, corresponding concentrations were 1,665 ± 498 ng/ml and 1,256 ± 379 (p < 0.001). The adjusted odds ratio for spirometrically diagnosed COPD in heterozygotes versus noncarriers was 0.5 (95% confidence interval: 0.3–0.9). After stratification, the equivalent adjusted odds ratio was 1.5 (0.3–6.6) among nonsmokers and 0.4 (0.2–0.8) among smokers (p value for interaction = 0.10). The adjusted hazard ratio for COPD hospitalization or death during follow-up in heterozygotes versus noncarriers was 0.3 (0.1–0.8).Conclusions: Extracellular superoxide dismutase R213G heterozygosity protects against development of COPD in the Danish general population. This was observed in smokers, but not in nonsmokers.