tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Importance of the Psychiatric Nurse: Views of Physicians, Patients, and Nurses
Authors: MARSHALL O. ZASLOVE, J. THOMAS UNGERLEIDER, MARIELLE FULLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The authors describe the somewhat unexpected results they obtained by questioning psychiatric residents, nurses, and patients about what they thought had been helpful during psychiatric hospitalization. Nursing was mentioned frequently by patients, rarely by physicians. The authors feel that these views represent some underlying psychodynamic factors of resident-nurse-patient interactions.
Disease-related expression of the IL6/STAT3/SOCS3 signalling pathway in ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis-related carcinogenesis
Authors: Yi Li, Colin de Haar, Min Chen, Jasper Deuring, Monique M Gerrits, Ron Smits, Bing Xia, Ernst J Kuipers, C Janneke van der Woude
Journal: Gut (2009)

Background Mouse models have shown that interleukin (IL)6 stimulates survival, proliferation and progression to cancer of intestinal epithelial cells via activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3). Objective To investigate the expression of IL6/phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3)/suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) in biopsy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and UC-related colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Methods Biopsy specimens from patients with inactive UC (n=18), active UC (n=28), UC with low-grade dysplasia (LGD) (n=9), UC with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) (n=7), UC-CRC (n=11) and sporadic CRC (n=14) were included. Biopsy specimens (n=9) from patients without colonic abnormalities served as control. The protein expression of IL6, p-STAT3 and SOCS3 was determined immunohistochemically. Results Patients with active UC had significantly more IL6 and p-STAT3-positive epithelial cells than both patients with inactive UC and controls (strong positive IL6: 53.6%, 11.1% and 0%, respectively; p-STAT3: 64.3%, 22.2% and 11.1%, respectively; all p≤0.012). SOCS3-positive cells were significantly increased in colonic epithelium of both inactive and active UC compared with controls (strong positive: 94.4%, 96.4% and 11.1%, respectively; both p&lt;0.001). In dysplasia and cancer, significantly more epithelial cells expressed IL6 and p-STAT3 compared with controls (strong positive IL6: 72.7% and 0% respectively; p-STAT3: 54.5% and 11.1%, respectively; both p&lt;0.05), whereas the proportion of SOCS3-positive cells in this progression reduced (LGD 33.3%; HGD 14.3%; UC-CRC 9.1%). In addition, methylation of the SOCS3 gene was detected in epithelial cells from UC-CRC biopsy specimens. Conclusion The importance of IL6/p-STAT3 in patients with inflammation-induced CRC was demonstrated. Moreover, SOCS3 may be involved in UC pathogenesis and the absence of SOCS3 seems critical for CRC progression.
Risk factors for adverse events related to polypectomy in the English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme
Authors: Matthew Rutter, Claire Nickerson, Colin Rees, Julietta Patnick, Roger Blanks
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> The English National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (NHSBCSP) is one of the world's largest organized screening programs. Minimizing adverse events is essential for any screening program. Study aims were to determine rates and to examine risk factors for adverse events. <b>Patients and methods: </b>Bleeding and perforations in NHSBCSP colonoscopies between August 2006 and January 2012 were examined. Logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for adverse events, including age, gender, polyp size, morphology, and location. For accurate attribution of adverse events, procedures with resection of only one polyp ("single-polypectomy") were analyzed in detail. <b>Results: </b>130 831 colonoscopies (167 208 polypectomies) were analyzed, including 30 881 single-polypectomies. Overall bleeding rate was 0.65 %, rate of bleeding requiring transfusion was 0.04 % and perforation rate was 0.06 %. Polypectomy increased bleeding risk 11.14-fold and perforation risk 2.97-fold. Cecal location (but not elsewhere in the proximal colon) and increasing polyp size were the two most important risk factors for bleeding and perforation. After adjustment for polyp size, the odds ratio (OR) relative to the distal colon for bleeding requiring transfusion after cecal snare polypectomy was 13.5 (95 %CI 3.9 – 46.4) and for perforation after cecal nonpedunculated polypectomy it was 12.2 (95 %CI 1.2 – 119.5). <b>Conclusion: </b>This is the largest study focusing on polyp-specific risk factors. We have confirmed that the greatest risk factor for both post-polypectomy bleeding and perforation is polyp size. This is the first demonstration of substantial and significantly increased risk for both noteworthy bleeding (requiring transfusion) and perforation from cecal polypectomy for a given polyp size, compared with elsewhere in the colon.
Persistence of oral polio vaccine virus after its removal from the immunisation schedule in New Zealand
Authors: Q Sue Huang, Gail Greening, Michael G Baker, Keith Grimwood, Joanne Hewitt, Debbie Hulston, Lisa van Duin, Amanda Fitzsimons, Nick Garrett, David Graham, Diana Lennon, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Tatsuo Miyamura, Mark A Pallansch
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
FOCAL: an experimental design tool for systematizing metabolic discoveries and model development
Authors: Christopher J Tervo, Jennifer L Reed
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Current computational tools can generate and improve genome-scale models based on existing data; however, for many organisms, the data needed to test and refine such models are not available. To facilitate model development, we created the forced coupling algorithm, FOCAL, to identify genetic and environmental conditions such that a reaction becomes essential for an experimentally measurable phenotype. This reaction's conditional essentiality can then be tested experimentally to evaluate whether network connections occur or to create strains with desirable phenotypes. FOCAL allows network connections to be queried, which improves our understanding of metabolism and accuracy of developed models.
CD4+CD25+ Immunoregulatory T Cells Suppress Polyclonal T Cell Activation In Vitro by Inhibiting Interleukin 2 Production
Authors: Angela M. Thornton, Ethan M. Shevach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Peripheral tolerance may be maintained by a population of regulatory/suppressor T cells that prevent the activation of autoreactive T cells recognizing tissue-specific antigens. We have previously shown that CD4+CD25+ T cells represent a unique population of suppressor T cells that can prevent both the initiation of organ-specific autoimmune disease after day 3 thymectomy and the effector function of cloned autoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells. To analyze the mechanism of action of these cells, we established an in vitro model system that mimics the function of these cells in vivo. Purified CD4+CD25+ cells failed to proliferate after stimulation with interleukin (IL)-2 alone or stimulation through the T cell receptor (TCR). When cocultured with CD4+CD25- cells, the CD4+CD25+ cells markedly suppressed proliferation by specifically inhibiting the production of IL-2. The inhibition was not cytokine mediated, was dependent on cell contact between the regulatory cells and the responders, and required activation of the suppressors via the TCR. Inhibition could be overcome by the addition to the cultures of IL-2 or anti-CD28, suggesting that the CD4+CD25+ cells may function by blocking the delivery of a costimulatory signal. Induction of CD25 expression on CD25- T cells in vitro or in vivo did not result in the generation of suppressor activity. Collectively, these data support the concept that the CD4+CD25+ T cells in normal mice may represent a distinct lineage of "professional" suppressor cells.
The Emergence of Grade A Eggs as a Major Source of Salmonella enteritidis Infections
Authors: Michael E. St. Louis
Journal: JAMA (1988)

From 1976 to 1986, reported<i>Salmonella enteritidis</i>infections increased more than sixfold in the northeastern United States. From January 1985 to May 1987, sixty-five foodborne outbreaks of<i>S enteritidis</i>were reported in the Northeast that were associated with 2119 cases and 11 deaths. Twenty-seven (77%) of the 35 outbreaks with identified food vehicles were caused by Grade A shell eggs or foods that contained such eggs. National data from 1973 to 1984 showed that<i>S enteritidis</i>outbreaks (44%) were more frequently associated with egg-containing foods than were outbreaks of other<i>Salmonella</i>serotypes (15%). Reflecting the geographic distribution of human illness, cultures of bulk raw eggs from pasteurization plants in the Northeast more frequently yielded<i>S enteritidis</i>(10%) than did eggs from other regions of the United States (0%). The epidemic rise in<i>S enteritidis</i>infections due to Grade A shell eggs is unlike past problems of salmonellosis associated with cracked or soiled eggs and raises the possibility of transovarian contamination of eggs with<i>S enteritidis</i>. New techniques may therefore be needed to control resurgent egg-associated salmonellosis in the United States. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:2103-2107)
Dosage of adjuvant G-CSF (filgrastim)-supported FEC polychemotherapy based on equivalent haematological toxicity in high-risk breast cancer patients
Authors: J. Bergh, T. Wiklund, B. Erikstein, T. Fornander, N.-O. Bengtsson, P. Malmström, P. Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, G. Anker, H. Bennmarker, N. Wilking
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1998)

Conventional dosages of cytostatics in mg/m2 will cause marked variations in systemic exposure, resulting in over- and under-treatment, at least with respect to side effects. We are conducting a randomized adjuvant study for breast cancer patients younger than 60 years of age with > or = 70% risk of recurrence within five years. The first 89 consecutive patients who have received nine courses q three weeks of individually dose-escalated and G-CSF (filgrastim)-supported FEC (5-fluorouracil (5-FU), epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide) therapy given with ciprofloxacin prophylaxis were included in this analysis. Six different FEC dose levels were used for treatment at equivalent haematological toxicity. Dose modifications were based on white blood cell and platelet counts on days 8, 11/12, 15, and 22. Eighty-three of 89 patients completed all nine courses. The median epirubicin and cyclophosphamide doses were 782 mg/m2 (range 0-994 mg/m2) and 10.330 mg/m2 (range 0-14.460 mg/m2), respectively. Patients treated at the two highest dose levels experienced NCl grade 0 or 1 toxicities in 73% to 92% of the courses. Three patients have developed acute myeloid leukaemia, and two of them have demonstrated abnormalities compatible with topoisomerase II-poison-related karyotypic changes. Tailored adjuvant G-CSF-supported FEC polychemotherapy will make it possible for all patients to be treated at equivalent levels of haematological toxicity with significantly higher doses without a marked increase in other organ toxicities.
The Many Continua of Psychosis
Authors: Jim van Os
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Coupling Function of Endogenous α <sub>1</sub> - and β-Adrenergic Receptors in Mouse Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Abdelkarim Sabri, Elena Pak, Sasha A. Alcott, Brenda A. Wilson, Susan F. Steinberg
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Genetically altered mouse models constitute unique systems to delineate the role of adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling mechanisms as modulators of cardiomyocyte function. The interpretation of results from these models depends on knowledge of the signaling properties of endogenous ARs in mouse cardiomyocytes. In the present study, we identify for the first time several defects in AR signaling in cardiomyocytes cultured from mouse ventricles. beta(1)-ARs induce robust increases in cAMP accumulation and the amplitude of the calcium and cell motion transients in mouse cardiomyocytes. Selective beta(2)-AR stimulation increases the amplitude of calcium and motion transients, with only a trivial rise in cAMP accumulation in comparison. beta(2)-AR responses are not influenced by pertussis toxin in cultured mouse cardiomyocytes. alpha(1)-ARs fail to activate phospholipase C, the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, p38-MAPK, or stimulate hypertrophy in mouse cardiomyocytes. Control experiments establish that this is not due to a lesion in distal elements in the signaling machinery, because these responses are induced by protease-activated receptor-1 agonists and phospholipase C is activated by Pasteurella multocida toxin (a G(q) alpha-subunit agonist). Surprisingly, norepinephrine activates p38-MAPK via beta-ARs in mouse cardiomyocytes, but beta-AR activation of p38-MAPK alone is not sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Collectively, these results identify a generalized defect in alpha(1)-AR signaling and a defect in beta(2)-AR linkage to cAMP (although not to an inotropic response) in cultured mouse cardiomyocytes. These naturally occurring vagaries in AR signaling in mouse cardiomyocytes provide informative insights into the requirements for hypertrophic signaling and impact on the value of mouse cardiomyocytes as a reconstitution system to investigate AR signaling in the heart.
Fish Lateral Line Innovation: Insights into the Evolutionary Genomic Dynamics of a Unique Mechanosensory Organ
Authors: Siby Philip, João Paulo Machado, Emanuel Maldonado, Vítor Vasconcelos, Stephen J. O'Brien, Warren E. Johnson, Agostinho Antunes
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

The mechanosensory lateral line, found only in fishes and amphibians, is an important sense organ associated with aquatic life. Lateral line patterns differ among teleost, the most diverse vertebrate taxa, hypothetically in response to selective pressures from different aquatic habitats. In this article, we conduct evolutionary genomic analyses of 34 genes associated with lateral line system development in teleosts to elucidate the significance of contrasting evolutionary rates and changes in the protein coding sequences. We find that duplicated copies of these genes are preferentially retained in the teleost genomes and that episodic events of positive selection have occurred in 22 of the 30 postduplication branches. In general, teleost genes evolved at a faster rate relative to their tetrapod counterparts, and the mutation rates of 26 of the 34 genes differed among teleosts and tetrapods. We conclude that following whole genome duplication, evolutionary rates and episodic events of positive selection on the lateral line system development genes might have been one of the factors favoring the subsequent adaptive radiation of teleosts into diverse habitats. These results provide the foundation for further detailed explorations into lateral line system genes and the evolution of diverse phenotypes and adaptations.
CASTE AND MENTAL HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS IN MYSORE STATE, INDIA
Authors: UMA SREENIVASAN, J. HOENIG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

A brief outline is given of some features of the Indian caste system which may be of interest to social psychiatry. The case records of the mental hospital in Bangalore have been analysed in relation to caste of the patient and the results correlated with certain caste data in the Census reports of Mysore State. It was found that certain castes or communities like the Vysias, Brahmins and Indian Christians show a higher admission rate than other castes. It was also found that the cities of the state show a higher admission rate than the rural areas. The castes and communities which show high admission rates show a higher degree of literacy. Within each caste or community literacy is also higher in the cities than in the rural areas. The general situation in India offers great opportunities for fruitful research in social psychiatry. The significance of these facts and their relation to the true incidence of mental illness awaits further research, both genetic and environmental, for which the caste structure of India offers great opportunities.
Retinoic Acid Induces p27Kip1 Nuclear Accumulation by Modulating Its Phosphorylation
Authors: Adriana Borriello, Valeria Cucciolla, Maria Criscuolo, Stefania Indaco, Adriana Oliva, Alfonso Giovane, Debora Bencivenga, Achille Iolascon, Vincenzo Zappia, Fulvio Della Ragione
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), the most biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, controls cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation depending on the cellular context. These activities point to ATRA as a candidate for cancer therapy. A pivotal effect of the molecule is the modulation of p27Kip1, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor (CDKI). Here, we investigate the mechanisms by which ATRA regulates p27Kip1 level in LAN-5, a neuroblastoma cell line. When added to the cells, ATRA causes a rapid nuclear increase of p27Kip1, which clearly precedes growth arrest. The early buildup is not due to impairment of the CDKI degradation, in contrast to previous observations. Particularly, we did not detect the down-regulation of Skp2 and Cks1, two proteins involved in the nuclear ubiquitin-dependent p27Kip1 removal. Moreover, the morphogen does not impair the CDKI nuclear export and does not cause CDK2 relocalization. The characterization of CDKI isoforms by two-dimensional PAGE/immunoblotting showed that ATRA induces an early nuclear up-regulation of monophosphorylated p27Kip1. Immunologic studies established that this isoform corresponds to p27Kip1 phosphorylated on S10. The buildup of phospho(S10)p27Kip1 precedes the CDKI accumulation and increases its half-life. Finally, ATRA-treated nuclear LAN-5 extracts showed an enhanced capability of phosphorylating p27Kip1 on S10, thus explaining the nuclear up-regulation of the isoform. In conclusion, our data suggest a novel mechanism of ATRA antiproliferative activity, in which the morphogen rapidly up-regulates a nuclear kinase activity that phosphorylates p27Kip1 on S10. In turn, this event causes the stabilization of p27Kip1 and its accumulation in the nuclear compartment. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4240-8)
Sham neurosurgical procedures in clinical trials for neurodegenerative diseases: scientific and ethical considerations
Authors: Wendy R Galpern, Jacqueline Corrigan-Curay, Anthony E Lang, Jeffrey Kahn, Danilo Tagle, Roger A Barker, Thomas B Freeman, Christopher G Goetz, Karl Kieburtz, Scott YH Kim, Steven Piantadosi, Amy Comstock Rick, Howard J Federoff
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2012)
Dectin-1 Y238X polymorphism associates with susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis in hematopoietic transplantation through impairment of both recipient- and donor-dependent mechanisms of antifungal immunity
Authors: Cristina Cunha, Mauro Di Ianni, Silvia Bozza, Gloria Giovannini, Silvia Zagarella, Teresa Zelante, Carmen D'Angelo, Antonio Pierini, Lucia Pitzurra, Franca Falzetti, Alessandra Carotti, Katia Perruccio, Jean-Paul Latgé, Fernando Rodrigues, Andrea Velardi, Franco Aversa, Luigina Romani, Agostinho Carvalho
Journal: Blood (2010)
Differential effects of hydrogen peroxide on indices of endothelial cell function.
Authors: A Ager, J L Gordon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

The responses of pig aortic endothelial cells to sublethal doses of potentially toxic stimuli were investigated by monitoring K+ efflux, prostaglandin production, and the release of cytoplasmic purines. Xanthine plus xanthine oxidase reversibly stimulated these three parameters of endothelial cell function at doses that were not cytotoxic, as measured by chromium release, adenine uptake, and vital dye exclusion. The effects of xanthine plus xanthine oxidase were inhibited by catalase but not by superoxide dismutase, suggesting that H2O2 was responsible. Reagent H2O2 also reversibly stimulated K+ efflux, prostaglandin production, and the release of purines. The threshold concentration of H2O2 for these effects was approximately 10 microM, which was at least 30-fold lower than that which caused cytotoxicity. In addition to the direct effect of H2O2 in stimulating prostaglandin production (PGI2 and PGE2), prior exposure of endothelial cells to lower doses of H2O2 (less than 0.1 microM) at high oxygen tension inhibited the subsequent stimulation of prostaglandin production by ATP, A23187, and H2O2 itself. We conclude that H2O2 has substantial effects on endothelial physiology at doses up to 3,000-fold lower than those which induce cytotoxicity.
Analysis of changes in reactivity of rabbit arteries and veins two weeks after induction of hypertension by coarctation of the abdominal aorta.
Authors: J A Bevan, R D Bevan, P C Chang, B L Pegram, R E Purdy, C Su
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Vessel dimensions and characteristic responses to norepinephrine were measured in various arteries and veins of the rabbit made hypertensive by partial constriction of the upper abdominal aorta. The ear, radial, and basilar arteries taken from the circulation proximal to the ligature (the hypertensive arteries) were thickened in proportion to the rise is arterial blood pressure. The water, sodium, and potassium contents of these and all other vessels were not significantly changed in the hypertensive rabbits. The maximum response to norepinephrine in the ear artery, a representative vessel from the hypertensive part of the rabbit, was increased, whhereas the sensitivity of this vessel to norepinephrine expressed as the ED50 did not alter with changes in the arterial blood pressure. In contrast, the thickness and the maximum response to norepinephrine of the saphenous artery, representative of vessels distal to the ligature (normotensive vessels) and of the saphenous and cephalic veins were unaltered. The sensitivity as indicated by the norepinephrine ED50 of the veins, but not of the saphenous artery, increased with a rise in carotid artery blood pressure. These results suggest that the increased responsiveness to norepinephrine of arteries proximal to the ligature is due to changes in muscle mass and that the increased responsiveness of the veins is due to increased sensitivity to norepinephrine.