tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HDL Dysfunctionality (Paraoxonase) Is Worse in Nondiabetic, Postmenopausal African American Than in White Women
Authors: Trudy Gaillard, Sampath Parthasarathy, Kwame Osei
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

African American women (AAW) suffer two- to fourfold greater rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and morbidity compared with those in white American women (WAW). The reasons for the higher CVD mortality in African Americans are uncertain. It is generally well established that HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is antiatherogenic and cardioprotective. Indeed, several prospective studies have revealed that HDL-C is protective of coronary heart disease. Most of these studies were in white populations (1). However, these HDL-C and coronary heart disease relationships do not appear to apply to African Americans. Indeed, AAW have higher HDL-C than WAW. Thus, the higher CVD in AAW in the presence of higher HDL-C is paradoxical and suggests that HDL is possibly less cardioprotective in AAW. We have postulated that in AAW, HDL appears to be qualitatively dysfunctional or AAW are resistant to HDL's cardioprotective effects, i.e., HDL resistance. In this regard, previous studies …
Use of patients in professional medical examinations: current UK practice and the ethicolegal implications for medical education
Authors: M. Sayer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Medical education has evolved from a system of apprenticeship by recruits1 and patients have thus always been involved in the education of doctors. Medical students learn by exposure to a wide range of patients during their training. To pass their finals they are required to show that they can examine patients competently.2 It is widely accepted that the use of live patients validates assessment of undergraduates in a way that use of actors and manikins does not.3 Patients can display abnormal findings. They reduce the need for the “suspension of disbelief” that is necessary when examining simulated patients. Staff, candidates,4 and patients 5 6 all find patients' involvement in final assessment of skills of final year students highly acceptable. Real patients are also relatively inexpensive to provide and, in some situations, readily available.3 Recently patients have been active participants in the education and evaluation of undergraduates.7–9

In our experience of recruiting and supervising patients in many educational settings we have often been struck by a lack of clear arrangements for the further medical supervision once selected, even though they have been chosen because they are unwell or have abnormal physical signs; some may be clinically unstable, and we have observed adverse events affecting patients during the assessment of students.

The literature on the use of real patients focuses mainly on such practicalities as methods for improving patient satisfaction10 and for ensuring that assessment criteria are met.3 The ethical and legal implications of working in this field have not been adequately considered. We suspected that a clinician's or an institution's responsibility towards a patient attending solely to participate in an educational event has never been clarified. This was confirmed informally by the General Medical Council and the medical defence organisations.

In …
Killing the Killer: Natural Killer Cells to Treat Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Yong-Oon Ahn, Brenda Weigel, Michael R. Verneris
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Cho and coworkers show that Ewing's sarcoma cells are highly sensitive to expanded allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells, partially through a NKG2D- and DNAM-1-dependent mechanism. Using an orthotopic murine model, they also show that irradiation significantly enhances the NK-cell killing of these tumors.
Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) regulates homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair
Authors: Xiaolong He, Pei Zhang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

Our previous work found that serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) was overexpressed in human ovarian cancer and the overexpression of SRSF3 was required for ovarian cancer cell growth and survival. The mechanism underlying the role of SRSF3 in ovarian cancer remains to be addressed. We conducted microarray analysis to profile the gene expression and splicing in SRSF3-knockdown cells and employed quantitative PCR and western blotting to validate the profiling results. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation to study transcription and the direct repeat green fluorescent protein reporter assay to study homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair (HRR). We identified 687 genes with altered expression and 807 genes with altered splicing in SRSF3-knockdown cells. Among expression-altered genes, those involved in HRR, including BRCA1, BRIP1 and RAD51, were enriched and were all downregulated. We demonstrated that the downregulation of BRCA1, BRIP1 and RAD51 expression was caused by decreased transcription and not due to increased nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Further, we found that SRSF3 knockdown impaired HRR activity in the cell and increased the level of γ-H2AX, a biomarker for double-strand DNA breaks. Finally, we observed that SRSF3 knockdown changed splicing pattern of KMT2C, a H3K4-specific histone methyltransferase, and reduced the levels of mono- and trimethylated H3K4. These results suggest that SRSF3 is a new regulator of HRR process, which possibly regulates the expression of HRR-related genes indirectly through an epigenetic pathway. This new function of SRSF3 not only explains why overexpression of SRSF3 is required for ovarian cancer cell growth and survival but also offers a new insight into the mechanism of the neoplastic transformation.
Ecological Models Revisited: Their Uses and Evolution in Health Promotion Over Two Decades
Authors: Lucie Richard, Lise Gauvin, Kim Raine
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2011)

Since the 1980s, ecological models of health promotion have generated a great deal of enthusiasm among researchers and interventionists. These models emerged from conceptual developments in other fields, and only selected elements of the ecological approach have been integrated into them. In this article, we describe the tenets of the ecological approach and highlight those aspects that have been integrated into ecological models used in health promotion. We also analyze how ecological models have been applied to the study of two important public health issues, namely physical activity promotion and the increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, by conducting an archival study of published research. Finally, we make a statement regarding the usefulness of ecological models for research and practice and propose recommendations for future research, program planning, and evaluation.
SCRUB-TYPHUS VACCINE LARGE-SCALE PRODUCTION
Authors: F.E. Buckland, F.O. Maccallum, A. Dudgeon, J.S.F. Niven, D.G.Ff Edward, I.W. Rowlands, A. Henderson-Begg, M. Van Den Ende, H.E. Bargmann, E.E. Curtis, M.A. Shepherd
Journal: The Lancet (1945)
Rasip1 regulates vertebrate vascular endothelial junction stability through Epac1-Rap1 signaling
Authors: Christopher W. Wilson, Leon H. Parker, Christopher J. Hall, Tanya Smyczek, Judy Mak, Ailey Crow, George Posthuma, Ann De Mazière, Meredith Sagolla, Cecile Chalouni, Philip Vitorino, Merone Roose-Girma, Søren Warming, Judith Klumperman, Philip S. Crosier, Weilan Ye
Journal: Blood (2013)
Serum Adiponectin and Renal Dysfunction in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Julie Lin, Frank B. Hu, Gary Curhan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Inflammation is associated with both chronic kidney dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. Adiponectin, a novel circulating anti-inflammatory protein made by adipocytes, has been reported to be lower in diabetic than nondiabetic subjects. In contrast, serum levels of adiponectin are elevated in end-stage renal disease. We sought to investigate the relation between adiponectin and mild to moderate renal dysfunction in men with type 2 diabetes.Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the relation between serum adiponectin concentrations and the presence of renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) by the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation) in participants with type 2 diabetes in the Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study. A total of 733 men were included in this cross-sectional analysis.Adiponectin was positively correlated with age (Spearman coefficient, r = 0.19, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with weight (Spearman coefficient, r = -0.18, P < 0.001). Those with adiponectin in the second quartile or higher (>10 microg/ml) compared with those in the first quartile had a reduced odds for renal dysfunction (multivariate odds ratio 0.48 [95% CI 0.28-0.81]). These results were unchanged when serum lipids were included in the multivariate model.We conclude that a higher serum adiponectin concentration is associated with reduced odds of moderate renal dysfunction in men with type 2 diabetes.
The mechanisms controlling the recognition of tumor- and virus-infected cells by NKp46
Authors: Tal I. Arnon, Hagit Achdout, Niva Lieberman, Roi Gazit, Tsufit Gonen-Gross, Gil Katz, Ahuva Bar-Ilan, Noga Bloushtain, Marianna Lev, Aviva Joseph, Eli Kedar, Angel Porgador, Ofer Mandelboim
Journal: Blood (2003)
Aerobic interval training vs. continuous moderate exercise in the metabolic syndrome of rats artificially selected for low aerobic capacity
Authors: P. M. Haram, O. J. Kemi, S. J. Lee, M. O. Bendheim, Q. Y. Al-Share, H. L. Waldum, L. J. Gilligan, L. G. Koch, S. L. Britton, S. M. Najjar, U. Wisloff
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

The recent development of a rat model that closely resembles the metabolic syndrome allows to study the mechanisms of amelioration of the syndrome by exercise training. Here, we compared the effectiveness for reducing cardiovascular risk factors by exercise training programmes of different exercise intensities.Metabolic syndrome rats were subjected to either continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) or high-intensity aerobic interval training (AIT). AIT was more effective than CME at reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors linked to the metabolic syndrome. Thus, AIT produced a larger stimulus than CME for increasing maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max); 45 vs. 10%, P < 0.01), reducing hypertension (20 vs. 6 mmHg, P < 0.01), HDL cholesterol (25 vs. 0%, P < 0.05), and beneficially altering metabolism in fat, liver, and skeletal muscle tissues. Moreover, AIT had a greater beneficial effect than CME on sensitivity of aorta ring segments to acetylcholine (2.7- vs. 2.0-fold, P < 0.01), partly because of intensity-dependent effects on expression levels of nitric oxide synthase and the density of caveolae, and a greater effect than CME on the skeletal muscle Ca2+ handling (50 vs. 0%, P < 0.05). The two exercise training programmes, however, were equally effective at reducing body weight and fat content.High-intensity exercise training was more beneficial than moderate-intensity exercise training for reducing cardiovascular risk in rats with the metabolic syndrome. This was linked to more superior effects on VO(2max), endothelial function, blood pressure, and metabolic parameters in several tissues. These results demonstrate that exercise training reduces the impact of the metabolic syndrome and that the magnitude of the effect depends on exercise intensity.
The ECG of high-level junior soccer players: comparing the ESC vs the Seattle criteria
Authors: B Bessem, M C de Bruijn, W Nieuwland
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Sudden cardiac death in young athletes is a devastating event. The screening and detection of potentially life-threatening cardiac pathology by ECG is difficult due to high numbers of false-positive results, especially in the very young. The Seattle ECG criteria (2013) were introduced to decrease false-positive results. We compared the Seattle ECG criteria with the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) ECG criteria of 2005 and 2010 for cardiac screening in high-level junior soccer players.During the 2012-2013 season, all data from cardiovascular screenings performed on the youth division of two professional soccer clubs were collected. The total study population consisted of 193 male adolescent professional soccer players, aged 10-19 years. Five players dropped out of this study.Applying the ESC criteria of 2005 and 2010 to our population resulted in a total of 89 (47%) and 62 (33%) abnormal ECGs. When the Seattle ECG criteria were applied, the number of abnormal ECGs was 6 (3%). The reduction was mainly due to a reclassification of the long QT cut-off value and the exclusion of right atrial enlargement criteria. All ECG abnormalities using the Seattle criteria related to T-wave inversion criteria.The Seattle ECG criteria seem very promising for decreasing false-positive screening results for high-level junior soccer players.
Control of hidradenitis suppurativa in women using combined antiandrogen (cyproterone acetate) and oestrogen therapy
Authors: R.S. SAWERS, VALERIE A. RANDALL, F.J.G. EBLING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Control of hidradenitis suppurativa in women using combined antiandrogen (cyproterone acetate) and oestrogen therapy Get access R.S. SAWERS, R.S. SAWERS Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar VALERIE A. RANDALL, VALERIE A. RANDALL Departments of Zoology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K. Dr V.A.Randall, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F.J.G. EBLING F.J.G. EBLING Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue 3, 1 September 1986, Pages 269–274, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb05741.x Published: 01 September 1986 Article history Accepted: 12 May 1986 Published: 01 September 1986
Common fears of patients undergoing bronchoscopy
Authors: PJ Poi, SY Chuah, P Srinivas, CK Liam
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

In the world of medical literature, little has been reported about the fears of patients undergoing bronchoscopy. The aim of this study was to identify the common fears of patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy and to determine whether any factors might contribute to reducing these fears. One hundred and four consecutive patients undergoing bronchoscopy were interviewed. Sixty one patients expressed fear about the procedure, as follows: afraid of pain (33); afraid of breathing difficulties (11); afraid of oropharyngeal irritation (5); afraid of the bronchoscopy findings (2); afraid of sedation, cross-infection and nasal lignocaine spray, respectively (3); and unable to be specific (7). There was no difference between the "no fear" and "fearful" groups in ethnicity, source of referral, education, previous endoscopy, doctors' explanation and the patients' understanding of the procedure and its indication. "Fearful" patients were significantly younger (t=2.082, p=0.037) and female (chi2=4.180, p=0.038). Doctors were more likely to explain the indication for bronchoscopy than how it would be performed (chi2=6.403; p=0.011), and patients were more likely to understand why they needed a bronchoscopy than how it would be performed (chi2=21.505; p<0.001). Fear preceding bronchoscopy is independent of patients' demographic features except for age and gender. Doctors tend to explain "why" but not "how" the procedure is performed. Provision of detailed information about sensations that are likely to be experienced in bronchoscopy could be used to allay some of these common fears.
The effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on disease activity in people with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Francesca A Fogarty, Roger J Booth, Gregory D Gamble, Nicola Dalbeth, Nathan S Consedine
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Mindfulness training involves the cultivation of non-judgemental attention to unwanted thoughts, feelings and bodily experiences via meditation and may help ameliorate both psychological and physical symptoms of chronic disease.1 Clinical trials have shown that mindfulness training improves the psychological well-being of people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).2–4 However, there is limited evidence for its efficacy on disease activity outcomes in RA. Given evidence linking increased mindfulness to improved immune markers,5 mindfulness training may reduce disease activity in patients with RA by enhancing their immune function. The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to examine the effects of a standardised mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention on RA disease activity.

Fifty-one patients with RA, according to the 1987 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria6 and without any prior meditation experience, were recruited from two public hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand. After completing baseline assessments, 26 and 25 participants were randomised to the MBSR and control groups, respectively. The MBSR …
Dance Band on the <i>Titanic</i>
Authors: Mark A. Sussman, Andrew McCulloch, Thomas K. Borg
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Biomechanical signaling is a complex interaction of both intracellular and extracellular components. Both passive and active components are involved in the extracellular environment to signal through specific receptors to multiple signaling pathways. This review provides an overview of extracellular matrix, specific receptors, and signaling pathways for biomechanical stimulation in cardiac hypertrophy.
Modulation by Taurine of the Toxicity of Taumustine, a Compound With Antitumor Activity2
Authors: Herbert F. Pierson, Joyce M. Fisher, Marco Rabinovitz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

The antitumor activity of 2-[bis-(2-chloroethyl)-amino]ethanesulfonic acid (also referred to here as "taurine mustard" or "taumustine") was evaluated in the murine P388 and L1210 lymphocytic leukemias and in the pigmented and nonpigmented B16 melanoma systems. Treatment with a single ip dose of taumustine (40 mg/kg) resulted in a 130% increase in life-span for mice bearing P388 (intraperitoneal), a 93% increase for mice bearing L1210 (intraperitoneal), and an approximately 80% increase for mice bearing B16 melanoma (intraperitoneal). Repeated low doses (10 mg/kg) of taumustine promoted a 250% increase in life-span for mice bearing P388 (intraperitoneal), the absence of ascitic fluid from day 4 onward, and the presence of pulmonary emboli from day 5 onward. The inclusion of taurine (5 mM) in the culture medium of P388 cells in primary culture for 45 hours did not alter the cytotoxicity of taumustine, and pretreatment of the tumor-bearing host with taurine (250 mg/kg) in daily treatments with taumustine for up to 8 days did not interfere with antitumor activity (140-160% increased life-span). However, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with taurine abrogated neurotoxicity, intestinal necrosis, pulmonary emboli formation, and tail vein necrosis due to the administration of taumustine. The modulation by taurine of taumustine activity suggests that the combination of these agents offers an advantage of selectivity and host protection during chemotherapy.
A six year prospective study of a cohort of patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: E Baumgartner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

To examine the long term prognosis in patients with fibromyalgia (FM).Forty five of 70 patients who had participated in a three week trial six years earlier completed again the same questionnaires used previously.Most symptoms had remained stable. Pain had increased, but some aspects of quality of life had improved over time.Symptoms of FM persisted over the six years, but patients appeared better able to cope with them.
Use of Hormone Replacement Therapy by Postmenopausal Women in the United States
Authors: Nancy L. Keating
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

The benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women are not fully defined, and individual characteristics and preferences may influence decisions to use this therapy. Previous studies of postmenopausal women who use HRT have been conducted in local or highly selected cohorts or have not focused on current use.To examine sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological factors associated with current use of HRT in a national population-based cohort.Random-digit telephone survey.Probability sample of U.S. households with a telephone.495 postmenopausal women 50 to 74 years of age in 1995.Current use of HRT.Current use of HRT was reported by 37.6% of women (58.7% of those who underwent hysterectomy and 19.6% of those who did not undergo hysterectomy; P = 0.001). In multivariable analyses, use of HRT was more common among women in the South (adjusted odds ratio, 2.67 [95% CI, 1.08 to 6.59]) and West (odds ratio, 2.76 [CI, 1.01 to 7.53]) than the Northeast. Use was more common among college graduates (odds ratio, 3.72 [CI, 1.29 to 10.71]) and less common among women with diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 0.17 [CI, 0.05 to 0.51]). Other cardiac risk factors and most psychological characteristics were not associated with HRT use.Sociodemographic factors, such as region and education, may be more strongly associated with use of HRT than clinical factors, such as risk for cardiovascular disease. Future efforts should focus on understanding sociodemographic variations, defining which women are most likely to benefit, and targeting therapy to them.
Abstract 3051: mRNA and microRNA expression profiles integrated with drug sensitivities of the NCI-60 human cancer cell lines
Authors: Hongfang Liu, Petula D'Andrade, Stephanie Fulmer-Smentek, Philip Lorenzi, Kurt Kohn, John Weinstein, Yves G. Pommier, William C. Reinhold
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We present here new NCI-60 profiling studies of mRNA and miRNA expression using the 41,000-probe Agilent Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarray and the 15,000-feature Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V2. Expression levels were determined for ∼21,000 genes and 723 human miRNAs. The resulting data sets are freely available and searchable online at http://discover.nci.nih.gov in our CellMiner relational database package. The profiling included technical replicates, with six and eight cell lines assayed in quadruplicate for mRNA and miRNA, respectively. The remaining cell lines were assayed in duplicate. Our analysis indicates high reproducibility for both platforms and an essential biological similarity across the various cell types. The expression levels were integrated with our previously published 1,429-compound database of anticancer activity in the NCI screen. Large blocks of both mRNAs (∼2000) and miRNAs (∼200) with unidirectional correlation to ∼1300 drugs including 121 drugs with known mechanisms of action were identified. The data sets presented here will facilitate recognition of the groups of mRNAs, miRNAs and drugs that potentially affect and interact with one another. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3051.