tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of take-home organophosphorus pesticide exposure among agricultural workers and their children.
Authors: Cynthia L Curl, Richard A Fenske, John C Kissel, Jeffry H Shirai, Thomas F Moate, William Griffith, Gloria Coronado, Beti Thompson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We analyzed organophosphorus pesticide exposure in 218 farm worker households in agricultural communities in Washington State to investigate the take-home pathway of pesticide exposure and to establish baseline exposure levels for a community intervention project. House dust samples (n = 156) were collected from within the homes, and vehicle dust samples (n = 190) were collected from the vehicles used by the farm workers to commute to and from work. Urine samples were obtained from a farm worker (n = 213) and a young child (n = 211) in each household. Dust samples were analyzed for six pesticides, and urine samples were analyzed for five dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites. Azinphosmethyl was detected in higher concentrations (p < 0.0001) than the other pesticides: geometric mean concentrations of azinphosmethyl were 0.53 micro g/g in house dust and 0.75 micro g/g in vehicle dust. Dimethyl DAP metabolite concentrations were higher than diethyl DAP metabolite concentrations in both child and adult urine (p < 0.0001). Geometric mean dimethyl DAP concentrations were 0.13 micro mol/L in adult urine and 0.09 micro mol/L in child urine. Creatinine-adjusted geometric mean dimethyl DAP concentrations were 0.09 micro mol/g in adult urine and 0.14 micro mol/g in child urine. Azinphosmethyl concentrations in house dust and vehicle dust from the same household were significantly associated (r2 = 0.41, p < 0.0001). Dimethyl DAP levels in child and adult urine from the same household were also significantly associated (r2 = 0.18, p < 0.0001), and this association remained when the values were creatinine adjusted. The results of this work support the hypothesis that the take-home exposure pathway contributes to residential pesticide contamination in agricultural homes where young children are present.
Population genetics and phylogenetics of DNA sequence variation at multiple loci within the Drosophila melanogaster species complex.
Authors: J Hey, R M Kliman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1993)

Two regions of the genome, a 1-kbp portion of the zeste locus and a 1.1-kbp portion of the yolk protein 2 locus, were sequenced in six individuals from each of four species: Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, D. mauritiana, and D. sechellia. The species and strains were the same as those of a previous study of a 1.9-kbp region of the period locus. No evidence was found for recent balancing or directional selection or for the accumulation of selected differences between species. Yolk protein 2 has a high level of amino acid replacement variation and a low level of synonymous variation, while zeste has the opposite pattern. This contrast is consistent with information on gene function and patterns of codon bias. Polymorphism levels are consistent with a ranking of effective population sizes, from low to high, in the following order: D. sechellia, D. melanogaster, D.mauritiana, and D. simulans. The apparent species relationships are very similar to those suggested by the period locus study. In particular, D. simulans appears to be a large population that is still segregating variation that arose before the separation of D. mauritiana and D. sechellia. It is estimated that the separation of ancestral D. melanogaster from the other species occurred 2.5-3.4 Mya. The separations of D. sechellia and D. mauritiana from ancestral D. simulans appear to have occurred 0.58-0.86 Mya, with D. mauritiana having diverged from ancestral D. simulans 0.1 Myr more recently than D. sechellia.
THERAPEUTIC INDEX OF STEROID AEROSOLS IN ASTHMA
Authors: J. P. GIRARD, M. C. VONLANTHEN, E. M. HEIMLICH
Journal: Allergy (1975)

1) A 4-week single-blind study is reported which compares the responses of 10 matched pairs of adult asthmatic patients to Beclomethasone Dipropionate and Dexamethasone Isonicotinate aerosols, each at 12 metered-doses per day. 2) Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by measurement of pulmonary function (PEFR) and by a physician's "overall evaluation" scale. 3) Side-effects related to systemic absorption were evaluated by A.M. blood cortisol levels and total eosinophil counts. 4) At the doses studied, Beclomethasone Dipropionate produced both no side-effects and a significant favourable clinical response, while Dexamethasone Isonicotinate produced significant side-effects and a lesser clinical response.
Introduction to a new inspiratory threshold loading device
Authors: RC Chen, CL Que, S Yan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Inspiratory threshold loading is an important tool in assessing inspiratory muscle function and has been widely used in studies of respiratory mechanics. A simple system was designed to provide a pure and precise inspiratory threshold load. The inspiratory threshold loading system comprises a flow generator attached via a pressure chamber, to the inspiratory port of a Hans-Rudolph valve. By limiting the circulation of air generated by the flow generator between the room and the pressure chamber, different levels of negative pressure are produced in the pressure chamber and applied to the inspiratory valve. An inspiratory pressure equal to the negative pressure in the chamber has to be generated to open the inspiratory valve for flow. The system was tested in four subjects by measuring mouth pressure (Pm), threshold pressure (Pth) and valve resistance (R). The Pm at the beginning of inspiratory flow was defined as the opening pressure (Pop). The Pth was constant throughout inspiration. Pop was linearly related to Pth (p&lt;0.0001), with slopes within 2% of identity and intercepts within +/-0.2 cmH2O. R was between 0.7-1.1 cmH2O x L(-1) x s(-1) under all conditions and was independent of both Pth (p=0.76) and inspiratory flow (p=0.24). The results demonstrate that this system can provide a constant inspiratory threshold load throughout inspiration with little flow resistance, and is therefore ideal for respiratory studies.
Case of Melaena
Authors: C. R. Bree
Journal: BMJ (1845)

CASE OF MELARNA.98; tongue covered with a white fur; catamenia absent.There was considerable febrile excitement, requiring the use of salines and mild aperients up to the 27th of April, when I made the following note:- Puerile respiration beneath the left clavicle; bronchial respiration beneath the right, accompanied by dulness, and increase of vocal resonance.
Haemodynamic evaluation of the first trimester fetus with special emphasis on venous return
Authors: A. Matias
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2000)

Knowledge of the fetal circulation is a prerequisite for understanding the physiological behaviour of the developing fetus. In this overview dealing with Colour and Power Doppler ultrasound findings in the first trimester of pregnancy and its pathophysiological background, we aim to report on the methodological aspects, normal blood flow waveform patterns, normal reference values for haemodynamic parameters and potential clinical applications for both arterial and venous flow information (umbilical artery, descending aorta, middle cerebral artery, umbilical vein, inferior vena cava, ductus venosus) and atrioventricular valves. Particular emphasis is devoted to the venous return to the heart. Alterations in venous waveforms, particularly in the ductus venosus, are correlated with the pathophysiology of some fetal diseases and are suggested as a promising tool for the screening of cardiac impairment and as an alternative method for fetal biophysical surveillance.
Angiogenic Function of Prostacyclin Biosynthesis in Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Tongrong He, Tong Lu, Livius V. d'Uscio, Chen-Fuh Lam, Hon-Chi Lee, Zvonimir S. Katusic
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

The role of prostaglandin production in the control of regenerative function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has not been studied. We hypothesized that activation of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymatic activity and the subsequent production of prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is an important mechanism responsible for the regenerative function of EPCs. In the present study, we detected high levels of COX-1 protein expression and PGI(2) biosynthesis in human EPCs outgrown from blood mononuclear cells. Expression of COX-2 protein was almost undetectable under basal conditions but significantly elevated after treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Condition medium derived from EPCs hyperpolarized human coronary artery smooth muscle cells, similar to the effect of the PGI(2) analog iloprost. The proliferation and in vitro tube formation by EPCs were inhibited by the COX inhibitor indomethacin or by genetic inactivation of COX-1 or PGI(2) synthase with small interfering (si)RNA. Impaired tube formation and cell proliferation induced by inactivation of COX-1 were rescued by the treatment with iloprost or the selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)delta agonist GW501516 but not by the selective PGI(2) receptor agonist cicaprost. Downregulation of PPARdelta by siRNA also reduced angiogenic capacity of EPCs. Iloprost failed to reverse PPARdelta siRNA-induced impairment of angiogenesis. Furthermore, transfection of PGI(2) synthase siRNA, COX-1 siRNA, or PPARdelta siRNA into EPCs decreased the capillary formation in vivo after transplantation of human EPCs into the nude mice. These results suggest that activation of COX-1/PGI(2)/PPARdelta pathway is an important mechanism underlying proangiogenic function of EPCs.
Effect of metiamide on basal and stimulated serum cholecystokinin levels in duodenal ulcer patients.
Authors: R W Spence, L R Celestin, R F Harvey
Journal: Gut (1976)

Serum cholecystokinin (CCK) levels were measured in 10 patients with chronic duodenal ulcers, fasting and at intervals after two standard tests meals (300 ml of 40 mmol/1 phenylalanine solution), one given before and one during H2-receptor blockade with metiamide (200 mg four times a day). Fasting serum CCK levels were lower in all patients during treatment with metiamide (the mean level falling from 306-0 +/- 102-0 (SEM) to 82-1 +/- 23-6 pg/ml after treatment (p less than 0-01)). In contrast, peak serum CCK levels after the meal were not significantly different (7400 +/- 1141 pg/ml before treatment and 7569 +/- 1293 pg/ml on metiamide). We conclude that in duodenal ulcer patients CCK secretion under basal condtions may be in part dependent on stimulation of the small intestinal mucosa by gastric acid, but that, after an amino acid meal, gastric acid secretion is less important in determining the amount of CCK released.
Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor is a potent histamine-releasing factor for human basophils.
Authors: P Kuna, S R Reddigari, D Rucinski, J J Oppenheim, A P Kaplan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Recombinant monocyte chemotactic-activating factor (MCAF) has been shown to induce histamine release from human basophils with a dose response between 10(-9) and 10(-6) M. The peak of activity was reached at 10(-7) M. Histamine release by MCAF was rapid with an initial rate comparable with histamine release by an optimal dose of anti-IgE. MCAF led to peak histamine release within 1 min. 80% of the subjects tested were responsive to MCAF or anti-IgE, while all were responsive to FMLP. The percentage histamine release by MCAF was, however, less than that seen with anti-IgE or FMLP, but this was attributable to a lesser percent release in nonatopic subjects; atopic subjects responded similarly to all three agonists. MCAF was also shown to activate highly purified human basophils more readily than mixed leukocytes, and its activity was inhibited by a polyclonal rabbit antibody. At a suboptimal concentration (2.5 x 10(-9) M), MCAF was unable to prime the basophil to histamine release by other secretagogues. However, interleukin 3 (IL-3) and IL-5 could each prime basophils for MCAF-induced secretion. Therefore, our results suggest that MCAF may be a major contributor to the histamine-releasing activity seen in peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatants that has been designated histamine releasing factor(s).
Mullerian Inhibiting Substance: A Gonadal Hormone with Multiple Functions*
Authors: MARY M. LEE, PATRICIA K. DONAHOE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1993)

MULLERIAN inhibiting substance (MIS) is the gonadal hormone that causes regression of the Mullerian ducts, the anlagen of the female internal reproductive structures, during male embryogenesis. MIS is a member of the large transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) multigene family of glycoproteins that are involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation. The proteins in this gene family are all produced as dimeric precursors and undergo posttranslational processing for activation, requiring cleavage and dissociation to release bioactive C-terminal fragments. Similarly, the 140 kilodalton (kDa) disulfide-linked homodimer of MIS is proteolytically cleaved to generate its active C-terminal fragments. The sexually dimorphic expression of MIS in Sertoli cells of the testis and granulosa cells of the ovary is critical for normal differentiation of the internal reproductive tract structures. A number of extra-Mullerian functions such as control of germ cell maturation and gonadal morphogenesis, induction of the abdominal phase of testicular descent, suppression of lung maturation, and growth inhibition of transformed cells have also been proposed for this growthinhibitory hormone and will be discussed. This article will summarize the current understanding of the biology and multiple functions of MIS including its activation, regulation, and mechanism of action and discuss areas of interest in ongoing research.
Tea and Cancer
Authors: C. S. Yang, Z.-Y. Wang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Tea and Cancer Get access Chung S. Yang, Chung S. Yang Laboratory for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers UniversityPiscataway, N.J. Correspondence to: Dr. chung S. Yang, Laboratory for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855-0789. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Zhi-Yuan Wang Zhi-Yuan Wang Laboratory for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, Rutgers UniversityPiscataway, N.J. * See "Notes" section following "References." Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 13, 7 July 1993, Pages 1038–1049, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.13.1038 Published: 07 July 1993 Article history Received: 05 January 1993 Revision received: 26 March 1993 Accepted: 07 April 1993 Published: 07 July 1993
Improvement of Recurrent Infections after IVIG Supplementation in a Patient with Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency III with a Novel Missense Mutation in FERMT3
Authors: Narissara Suratannon, Patra Yeetong, Chalurmpon Srichomthon, Pantipa Chatchatee, Martin van Hagen, Gertjan J. Driessen, Mirjam van der Burg, Darintr Sosothikul, Jarungchit Ngamphaiboon, Kanya Suphapeetiporn, Vorasuk Shotelersuk
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
The Emergence of Th17 Cells as Effectors of Renal Injury
Authors: A. Richard Kitching, Stephen R. Holdsworth
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)

IL-17–producing Th17 effector cells directly induce renal inflammation by activating neutrophils or by participating in macrophage-mediated tissue injury. Th17 cells and cytokines participate in human and experimental renal disease, especially in proliferative glomerulonephritis where Th17 effector cells are active. Although growing evidence suggests Th17 cells are particularly relevant to effector responses involving neutrophils, there are still important questions to address before the complete functions of Th17 cells in renal disease are understood fully.
MicroRNA-193a Regulates the Transdifferentiation of Human Parietal Epithelial Cells toward a Podocyte Phenotype
Authors: Leonie Kietzmann, Sebastian S.O. Guhr, Tobias N. Meyer, Lan Ni, Marlies Sachs, Ulf Panzer, Rolf A.K. Stahl, Moin A. Saleem, Dontscho Kerjaschki, Christoph A. Gebeshuber, Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

Parietal epithelial cells have been identified as potential progenitor cells in glomerular regeneration, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully defined. Here, we established an immortalized polyclonal human parietal epithelial cell (hPEC) line from naive human Bowman's capsule cells isolated by mechanical microdissection. These hPECs expressed high levels of PEC-specific proteins and microRNA-193a (miR-193a), a suppressor of podocyte differentiation through downregulation of Wilms' tumor 1 in mice. We then investigated the function of miR-193a in the establishment of podocyte and PEC identity and determined whether inhibition of miR-193a influences the behavior of PECs in glomerular disease. After stable knockdown of miR-193a, hPECs adopted a podocyte-like morphology and marker expression, with decreased expression levels of PEC markers. In mice, inhibition of miR-193a by complementary locked nucleic acids resulted in an upregulation of the podocyte proteins synaptopodin and Wilms' tumor 1. Conversely, overexpression of miR-193a in vivo resulted in the upregulation of PEC markers and the loss of podocyte markers in isolated glomeruli. Inhibition of miR-193a in a mouse model of nephrotoxic nephritis resulted in reduced crescent formation and decreased proteinuria. Together, these results show the establishment of a human PEC line and suggest that miR-193a functions as a master switch, such that glomerular epithelial cells with high levels of miR-193a adopt a PEC phenotype and cells with low levels of miR-193a adopt a podocyte phenotype. miR-193a-mediated maintenance of PECs in an undifferentiated reactive state might be a prerequisite for PEC proliferation and migration in crescent formation.
ANALYSIS OF COST FOR READMISSIONS AFTER CONTINUOUS FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE IMPLANTATION-A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Celeste T. Williams, Douglas Jennings, Sevan Karadolian, Surbhi Chamaria, Cristina Tita, Hassan Nemeh, Jeffrey Morgan, Robert Brewer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
KINEMATICS COMPARISON OF STRAIGHT JUMP ON FLOOR AND BEAM: COUNTY VS NATIONAL GYMNASTS
Authors: J Hannah, G Penitente, WA Sands
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

The straight jump is performed by gymnasts of all levels in warm-up routines on the floor and on the beam. Refining this basic skill serves gymnasts when learning high-difficulty jumps. It is common practice for gymnasts to master skills on floor before transferring them onto the beam. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematic differences of the straight jump on the floor and on the beam performed by county and national level gymnasts. Four county (9±1 y; 133.5±7.6 cm; 29.8±1.9 Kg) and four junior national (13±1 y; 148.5±8.2 cm; 42.8±5.6 Kg) gymnasts volunteered to participate. The straight jump performances were video recorded (80Hz). Simi Motion was used to track nine markers on the gymnast's body. The floor and beam apparatus were instrumented with a pressure mat connected to a digital timer. A 2x2 factorial ANOVA (apparatus x expertise) analysed the following variables: relative angles of shoulder, hip, knee and ankle joints at take-off, peak of the flight and at the minimum vertical displacement of the centre of mass during landing. There was no interaction between apparatus and expertise. There was a main effect of apparatus for shoulder angle at the take-off (fl=132±12°; bm=119±12°), shoulder (fl=154±18°; bm=143±16°) and hip (fl=180±7°; 175±10°) joint angles at the peak of the flight. Expertise showed an effect on the hip joint angle at the take-off (c=164±9°; n= 179±6°) and jump height (c=25.0±7.8 cm; 33.5±4.2 cm). The present study showed that kinematic differences occurred at the instant of take-off between floor and beam and between county and national gymnasts when performing the straight jump, thus some caution should be used in transferring jumping skills from the floor to the beam. Apparatus-specific drills should be used with young gymnast to master these jumping abilities.
Differential Expression of Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases in the Failing Human Heart
Authors: Yun You Li, Arthur M. Feldman, Yi Sun, Charles F. McTiernan
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Extracellular matrix turnover is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a family of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Together, these proteins may contribute to myocardial remodeling in congestive heart failure. We hypothesized that the expression of MMPs and TIMPs might be differentially regulated in the failing human heart. Methods and Results —Northern blot analyses were performed with probes to TIMP-1 to -4 and GAPDH with poly A + mRNA from ventricular tissues of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM, n=16) or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, n=15) and nonfailing control hearts (n=15). TIMP-1 to -4 and MMP-9 proteins were quantified by ELISA and/or Western blot, and the total gelatinolytic activity was studied by gelatin zymography. The results showed that cardiac expression of TIMP-1 and -3 transcripts and proteins was significantly reduced in ICM and DCM. No significant difference was observed in TIMP-2 and -4 transcripts. However, TIMP-4 protein was significantly reduced in ICM myocardium. MMP-9 protein content and total gelatinolytic activity were upregulated in the same samples. Conclusions —These studies demonstrated a selective downregulation of TIMPs along with upregulation of MMP-9 and gelatinolytic activity in the failing hearts, alterations that favor matrix degradation and turnover. These findings might be of pathophysiological significance and might suggest new therapeutic targets for limiting the ventricular remodeling and dilatation process characteristic of the failing human heart.
On a Ready Method of Making a Female Catheter
Authors: T. A. Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (1868)

June 6, i868."Glandular leg of Barbadoes, " or " Une Maladie particuliere au Systeme Lymphatique," were its respective designations.But, in the cases of angeioleucitis ordinarily observed, and generally resulting either from injury or from the irritation of some specific poison, although the red ribband-like band or cord extending to the nearest glands is seen, caus-