tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mitral Valve Repair With Carpentier-McCarthy-Adams IMR ETlogix Annuloplasty Ring for Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Masao Daimon, Shota Fukuda, David H. Adams, Patrick M. McCarthy, A. Marc Gillinov, Alain Carpentier, Farzan Filsoufi, Vivian M. Abascal, Vera H. Rigolin, Sacha Salzberg, Anna Huskin, Michelle Langenfeld, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is associated with asymmetric changes in annular and ventricular geometry. Surgical repair with standard symmetric annuloplasty rings results in a high incidence of residual or recurrent mitral regurgitation (MR). The Carpentier-McCarthy-Adams (CMA) IMR ETlogix annuloplasty ring is the first remodeling ring specifically designed to treat asymmetric leaflet tethering and annular dilatation. We used quantitative 2-dimensional echo to examine early results of mitral valve (MV) repair with the CMA IMR ETlogix annuloplasty ring in patients with IMR. Methods and Results— Fifty-nine patients (aged 68±12 years) with grade ≥2+ IMR (graded on a scale of 0 to 4+) underwent MV repair with the CMA IMR ETlogix annuloplasty ring. We assessed the mitral annular diameter (MAD), tethering area (TA), and tenting height (TH) of the MV in 4-chamber, 2-chamber, and long axis views at mid-systole before and 3 to 10 days after surgery. After surgery, 57 of 59 (97%) patients had grade 0 or 1+ MR, whereas 2 patients had 2+ MR. MV repair with the CMA IMR ETlogix ring significantly reduced MAD, TA, and TH ( P &lt;0.001, for all 3 echo views), particularly in the long axis and 4-chamber views. Conclusion— Surgical repair of IMR with the novel asymmetric CMA IMR ETlogix annuloplasty ring provided excellent early results with effective reduction of MR, MAD, and leaflet tethering. This novel etiology-specific strategy may result in improved outcomes in IMR patients.
Randomized phase III trial of bleomycin, vindesine, mitomycin-C, and cisplatin (BEMP) versus cisplatin (P) in disseminated squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: An EORTC Gynecological Cancer Cooperative Group study
Authors: J.B. Vermorken, G. Zanetta, C.F. De Oliveira, M.E.L. van der Burg, A.J. Lacave, I. Teodorovic, G. Hoctin Boes, N. Colombo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2001)
Oesophageal plastic repair for symptomatic ballooning following circular oesophageal myotomy and correction of oesophageal atresia
Authors: M. Zer, E. Freud, S. Grozovski
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Two patients with refractory anastomotic stenosis and symptomatic ballooning of the upper oesophageal pouch following repair of long gap oesophageal atresia are described. In both cases a circular myotomy had been used to elongate the proximal oesophageal segment at the time of primary repair. Both patients were successfully treated by Y-V plasty of the oesophageal stenosis and tailoring of the dilated segment.
Identification of the membrane glycoprotein that is the C3b receptor of the human erythrocyte, polymorphonuclear leukocyte, B lymphocyte, and monocyte
Authors: DT Fearon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

A human erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein of 205,000 mol wt (gp205) has been identified as the C3b receptor of the erythrocyte, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN), B lymphocyte, and monocyte. Initially, gp205 was sought and characterized as a constituent of the human erythrocyte membrane that can impair activation of the alternative complement pathway by inducing loss of function of the properdin-stabilized amplification C3 convertase (C3b,Bb,P) through displacement of Bb from C3b and by promoting cleavage-inactivation of C3b by C3b inactivator. These inhibitory activities of gp205 suggested that this membrane glyeoprotein had an affinity for C3b and prompted an analysis of its possible identity as the C3b receptor of human peripheral blood cells. The F(ab')2 fragment of rabbit IgG anti-gp205 inhibited the formation of rosettes with sheep EC3b of human erythroeytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes and PMN in a dose-response manner; the 50 percent inhibitory doses were 0.13/μg/ml, 0.90 μg/ml, 1.25 μg/ml, and 1.20 μg/ml of F(ab')2, respectively. Anti-gp205 did not impair the formation of rosettes by monocytes and B lymphocytes with sheep EC3bi or with EC3d. Scatchard analysis of the number of specific (125)I-F(ab')(2) anti-gp205 binding sites/cell revealed 950 sites/erythrocyte, 21,000 sites/cell of B lymphocyte preparation, 57,000 sites/PMN, and 48,000 sites/monocyte, indicating that the higher concentrations of antibody that had been required for inhibition of rosette formation by the nucleated cells reflected larger numbers of receptors on these cells. Direct evidence for the identity of gp205 as the C3b receptor of the four cell types was obtained when detergent-solubilized membrane proteins of the surface-radioiodinated cells were reacted with anti- gp205 and the immunoprecipitate was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. In each instance, the antigenic material reacting with anti-gp205 represented a single protein with an apparent 205,000 mol wt. Thus, gp205 is the C3b receptor of human erythrocytes, PMN, B lymphocytes, and monocytes.
Phase III trial of liposomal doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide compared with epirubicin and cyclophosphamide as first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer
Authors: S. Chan, N. Davidson, E. Juozaityte, F. Erdkamp, A. Pluzanska, N. Azarnia, L.W. Lee
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2004)
Impact of flanking chromosomal sequences on localization and silencing by the human non-coding RNA XIST
Authors: Angela D. Kelsey, Christine Yang, Danny Leung, Jakub Minks, Thomas Dixon-McDougall, Sarah E.L. Baldry, Aaron B. Bogutz, Louis Lefebvre, Carolyn J. Brown
Journal: Genome biology (2015)

X-chromosome inactivation is a striking example of epigenetic silencing in which expression of the long non-coding RNA XIST initiates the heterochromatinization and silencing of one of the pair of X chromosomes in mammalian females. To understand how the RNA can establish silencing across millions of basepairs of DNA we have modelled the process by inducing expression of XIST from nine different locations in human HT1080 cells. Localization of XIST, depletion of Cot-1 RNA, perinuclear localization, and ubiquitination of H2A occurs at all sites examined, while recruitment of H3K9me3 was not observed. Recruitment of the heterochromatic features SMCHD1, macroH2A, H3K27me3, and H4K20me1 occurs independently of each other in an integration site-dependent manner. Silencing of flanking reporter genes occurs at all sites, but the spread of silencing to flanking endogenous human genes is variable in extent of silencing as well as extent of spread, with silencing able to skip regions. The spread of H3K27me3 and loss of H3K27ac correlates with the pre-existing levels of the modifications, and overall the extent of silencing correlates with the ability to recruit additional heterochromatic features. The non-coding RNA XIST functions as a cis-acting silencer when expressed from nine different locations throughout the genome. A hierarchy among the features of heterochromatin reveals the importance of interaction with the local chromatin neighborhood for optimal spread of silencing, as well as the independent yet cooperative nature of the establishment of heterochromatin by the non-coding XIST RNA.
High sequence turnover in the regulatory regions of the developmental gene hunchback in insects
Authors: J. M. Hancock, P. J. Shaw, F. Bonneton, G. A. Dover
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Extensive sequence analysis of the developmental gene hunchback and its 5' and 3' regulatory regions in Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila virilis, Musca domestica, and Tribolium castaneum, using a variety of computer algorithms, reveals regions of high sequence simplicity probably generated by slippage-like mechanisms of turnover. No regions are entirely refractory to the action of slippage, although the density and composition of simple sequence motifs varies from region to region. Interestingly, the 5' and 3' flanking regions share short repetitive motifs despite their separation by the gene itself, and the motifs are different in composition from those in the exons and introns. Furthermore, there are high levels of conservation of motifs in equivalent orthologous regions. Detailed sequence analysis of the P2 promoter and DNA footprinting assays reveal that the number, orientation, sequence, spacing, and protein-binding affinities of the BICOID-binding sites varies between species and that the 'P2' promoter, the nanos response element in the 3' untranslated region, and several conserved boxes of sequence in the gene (e.g., the two zinc-finger regions) are surrounded by cryptically-simple-sequence DNA. We argue that high sequence turnover and genetic redundancy permit both the general maintenance of promoter functions through the establishment of coevolutionary (compensatory) changes in cis- and trans-acting genetic elements and, at the same time, the possibility of subtle changes in the regulation of hunchback in the different species.
Bayesian Inference of Errors in Ancient DNA Caused by Postmortem Degradation
Authors: L. M. Mateiu, B. H. Rannala
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Methods for extracting and amplifying sequences using ancient DNA (aDNA) can be prone to errors caused by postmortem modifications of the DNA strand. A new statistical method is developed for predicting errors in aDNA sequences caused by such processes. In addition to the canonical DNA substitution model parameters, a discrete Markov chain is used to describe nucleotide substitutions occurring via postmortem degradation of the aDNA sequences. A computer program, BYPASSR-degr, was developed implementing the method and was used in subsequent analyses of simulated data sets under the new model. Simulation studies show that the new method can be powerful and accurate in identifying damaged sites. The method is applied to analyze aDNA sequences of Etruscans, Adélie penguins, and horses. No significant signals of degradation were observed at any sites of the aDNA sequences we analyzed.
Increasing levels of free thyroxine as a risk factor for a first venous thrombosis: a case-control study
Authors: Bregje van Zaane, Alessandro Squizzato, Roeland Huijgen, Anton P. van Zanten, Eric Fliers, Suzanne C. Cannegieter, Harry R. Büller, Victor E. A. Gerdes, Dees P. M. Brandjes
Journal: Blood (2010)
STUDIES IN IRON TRANSPORTATION AND METABOLISM. II. THE MECHANISM OF IRON TRANSPORTATION: ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN IRON UTILIZATION IN ANEMIC STATES OF VARIED ETIOLOGY 1
Authors: Carl V. Moore, Charles A. Doan, Wm. R. Arrowsmith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1937)

A growing interest in the mechanism by which iron is transported in the blood stream has been stimulated by the desire to understand more fully this essential phase of iron metabolism in the mammalian body.With the clarification of this important detail a more complete understanding of normal erythropoiesis and of the iron de- ficiency states may be anticipated.Despite a wide variety of observations reported in the literature, an entirely satisfactory and ac- ceptable experimental definition of the manner in which iron transportation is effected has not as yet been presented.A. B. Macallum (1), Ehrlich and Lazarus (2), and Proescher and Arkush (3) observed that histologically many erythrocytes give an iron reaction.They assumed, therefore, that free iron, not identified with the hemoglobin molecule, is present in at least a portion of the red cells.Macallum postulated that iron is trans- ported by the etrythrocytes, and Proescher and Arkush further suggested that this may be ac- complished through a loose combination with the lecithin of the erythrocyte corpuscular membrane.Other investigators (4 to 14) have studied the iron content of plasma and serum in the hope that some light might be shed on this problem of mineral transport, but their researches have not yielded conclusive information.Barkan (15, a and b) has assigned to the " easily split-off " blood iron fraction the function of iron transportation and considers plasma iron as the me- dium of exchange between the tissues and " easily
Antigen-dependent Proliferation of CD4+ CD25+ Regulatory T Cells In Vivo
Authors: Lucy S.K. Walker, Anna Chodos, Mark Eggena, Hans Dooms, Abul K. Abbas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

The failure of CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) to proliferate after T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation in vitro has lead to their classification as naturally anergic. Here we use Tregs expressing a transgenic TCR to show that despite anergy in vitro, Tregs proliferate in response to immunization in vivo. Tregs also proliferate and accumulate locally in response to transgenically expressed tissue antigen whereas their CD25− counterparts are depleted at such sites. Collectively, these data suggest that the anergic state that characterizes CD25+ Tregs in vitro may not accurately reflect their responsiveness in vivo. These observations support a model in which Treg population dynamics are shaped by the local antigenic environment.
Rising Billing for Intermediate Intensive Care among Hospitalized Medicare Beneficiaries between 1996 and 2010
Authors: Michael W. Sjoding, Thomas S. Valley, Hallie C. Prescott, Hannah Wunsch, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Colin R. Cooke
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Intermediate care (i.e., step-down or progressive care) is an alternative to the intensive care unit (ICU) for patients with moderate severity of illness. The adoption and current use of intermediate care is unknown.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a double blind, placebo controlled, randomised trial
Authors: J C Y Wu
Journal: Gut (2004)

<b>Background:</b> The role of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication in the management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is controversial. We hypothesised that <i>H pylori</i> eradication leads to worsened control of reflux disease. <b>Methods:</b> Consecutive patients with weekly reflux symptoms were prospectively recruited for endoscopy and symptom evaluation. Patients were enrolled if they had <i>H pylori</i> infection and required long term acid suppressants. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to omeprazole triple therapy (<i>Hp</i>E group) or omeprazole with placebo antibiotics (<i>Hp</i>+ group) for one week. Omeprazole 20 mg daily was given for eight weeks for healing of oesophagitis and symptom relief. This was followed by a maintenance dose of 10 mg daily for up to 12 months. The primary study end point was the probability of treatment failure within 12 months, which was defined as either incomplete resolution of symptoms or oesophagitis at the initial treatment phase, or relapse of symptoms and oesophagitis during the maintenance phase. Predictors of treatment failure were determined by Cox's proportional hazards model. <b>Results:</b> A total of 236 GORD patients were screened and 113 (47.9%) were positive for <i>H pylori</i>; 104 (92%) patients were included in the intention to treat analysis (53 in the <i>Hp</i>E group and 51 in the <i>Hp</i>+ group). Thirty one patients (30%) had erosive oesophagitis at baseline. <i>H pylori</i> was eradicated in 98% of the <i>Hp</i>E group and in 3.9% of the <i>Hp</i>+ group. Overall, 15 patients (28.3%) in the <i>Hp</i>E group and eight patients (15.7%) in the <i>Hp</i>+ group had treatment failure. The 12 month probability of treatment failure was 43.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 29.9–56.5%) in the <i>Hp</i>E group and 21.1% (95% CI 9.9–32.3%) in the <i>Hp</i>+ group (log rank test, p = 0.043). In the Cox proportional hazards model, after adjustment for the covariates age, sex, erosive oesophagitis, hiatus hernia, degree of gastritis, and severity of symptoms at baseline, <i>H pylori</i> eradication was the only predictor of treatment failure (adjusted hazard ratio 2.47 (95% CI 1.05–5.85)). <b>Conclusion:</b><i>H pylori</i> eradication leads to more resilient GORD.
Constructing a fish metabolic network model
Authors: Shuzhao Li, Alexander Pozhitkov, Rachel A Ryan, Charles S Manning, Nancy Brown-Peterson, Marius Brouwer
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

We report the construction of a genome-wide fish metabolic network model, MetaFishNet, and its application to analyzing high throughput gene expression data. This model is a stepping stone to broader applications of fish systems biology, for example by guiding study design through comparison with human metabolism and the integration of multiple data types. MetaFishNet resources, including a pathway enrichment analysis tool, are accessible at http://metafishnet.appspot.com .
Clinically Important Factors Influencing the Diagnostic Measurement of Pleural Fluid pH and Glucose
Authors: Najib M. Rahman, Eleanor K. Mishra, Helen E. Davies, Robert J. O. Davies, Y. C. Gary Lee
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Accurate pleural fluid pH and glucose measurement is a key component in the diagnosis and management of patients with pleural effusion. Standardized methods of pleural fluid collection have not been defined.To assess the effect of common clinical factors that may distort measurement accuracy of pleural fluid pH and glucose.Ninety-two exudative pleural aspirates were collected in commercially available blood gas syringes.Samples were analyzed immediately using a blood gas analyzer. The effects of residual air, lidocaine, heparin, and delay in analysis (24 h) on pH and glucose measurement accuracy were assessed. Pleural fluid pH was significantly increased by residual air (mean +/- SD, 0.08 +/- 0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06 to 0.09; P < 0.001) and significantly decreased by residual lidocaine (0.2 ml; mean change in pH, -0.15 +/- 0.09; 95% CI, -0.13 to -0.18; P < 0.001) and residual heparin (mean change in pH, -0.02 +/- 0.05; 95% CI, -0.01 to -0.04; P = 0.027). Pleural fluid pH was stable at room temperature for 1 hour and significantly increased at 4 (mean +/- SD, 0.03 +/- 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.04; P = 0.003) and 24 hours (0.05 +/- 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.08; P < 0.001). Pleural fluid glucose concentration was not clinically significantly altered by residual air, lidocaine (up to 0.4 ml), or 24-hour analysis delay.Accuracy of measured pleural pH is critically dependent on sample collection method. Residual air, lidocaine, and analysis delay significantly alter pH and may impact on clinical management. Pleural fluid glucose concentration is not significantly influenced by these factors. Protocols defining appropriate sampling and analysis methods are needed.
Letter from Reykjavik
Authors: Palmi V. Jonsson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical care in Iceland can be viewed as an experiment of nature.This small island society has combined the Nordic social and welfare structures with advanced international medicine. The Vikings settled Iceland in the ninth century, and the population has remained biologically homogeneous because of its remote isolation. This homogeneity may provide a unique opportunity to contribute to the understanding of the genetics of common disorders. Iceland's isolation has also limited the resources that are available for clinical training.Therefore, it has been necessary for most physicians who graduate from the medical school at the University of Iceland to obtain postgraduate training abroad. This has been of enormous benefit to Icelandic medicine. Fewer opportunities foreign medical graduates to train in the United States would have a substantial effect on the future practice of Icelandic medicine. The Icelandic health care system faces many challenges.Because health care spending has been reined in, priorities must be set more clearly than in the past, and heated discussions have erupted about gatekeeping and merging of hospitals. These have been “interesting times” for Icelandic medicine. Other countries may learn lessons from our medical situation: a microcosm, to be sure, but no longer an isolated one.
Use of Florbetapir-PET for Imaging β-Amyloid Pathology
Authors: Christopher M. Clark
Journal: JAMA (2011)

OTH DIAGNOSIS AND TREATment of Alzheimer disease (AD) are hampered by the lack of noninvasive biomarkers of the underlying pathology.Between 10% and 20% of patients clinically diagnosed with AD lack AD pathology at autopsy, 1-3 and community physicians may not diagnose AD in 33% of patients with mild signs and symptoms. 4hus, a diagnostic biomarker may help clinicians separate patients who have AD pathology from those who do not.
Rampant horizontal transfer and duplication of rubisco genes in eubacteria and plastids
Authors: C. F. Delwiche, J. D. Palmer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Previous work has shown that molecular phylogenies of plastids, cyanobacteria, and proteobacteria based on the rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) genes rbcL and rbcS are incongruent with molecular phylogenies based on other genes and are also incompatible with structural and biochemical information. Although it has been much speculated that this is the consequence of a single horizontal gene transfer (of a proteobacterial or mitochondrial rubisco operon into plastids of rhodophytic and chromophytic algae), neither this hypothesis nor the alternative hypothesis of ancient gene duplication have been examined in detail. We have conducted phylogenetic analyses of all available bacterial rbcL sequences, and representative plastid sequences, in order to explore these alternative hypothesis and fully examine the complexity of rubisco gene evolution. The rbcL phylogeny reveals a surprising number of gene relationships that are fundamentally incongruent with organismal relationships as inferred from multiple lines of other molecular evidence. On the order of six horizontal gene transfers are implied by the form I (L8S8) rbcL phylogeny, two between cyanobacteria and proteobacteria, one between proteobacteria and plastids, and three within proteobacteria. Alternatively, a single ancient duplication of the form I rubisco operon, followed by repeated and pervasive differential loss of one operon or the other, would account for much of this incongruity. In all probability, the rubisco operon has undergone multiple events of both horizontal gene transfer and gene duplication in different lineages.