tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SC-19 * METABOLIC ALTERATIONS IN EARLY GLIOMAGENESIS
Authors: M. S. Aram, K. N. Themasap, N. Sumru Bayin, G. Zhang, N. Thomas, P. G. Dimitris
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Gliomas are primary brain tumors with an incidence of over 20,000 new cases in the US annually, a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Despite chemoradiotherapy and surgery, low-grade gliomas (LGGs) transform into high-grade gliomas, leading to neurological deterioration and death. Mutations in genes encoding Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) isoforms are found in up to 80% of LGGs. Among the three IDH genes, R132H-IDH1 represents the most prevalent mutation in LGGs. The mutation is a gain-of-function change at the catalytic site. Although IDH1 normally functions to convert isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate, the mutation leads to the production of the (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) oncometabolite, causing characteristic DNA and histone methylation changes that are thought to contribute to tumorigenesis. To test the hypothesis that mutant IDH1 is a driver of gliomagenesis, we propose a novel approach in which we use human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to model the tumorigenesis process: we inducibly overexpress the R132H-IDH1 protein in human neural stem cells, neuroblasts, oligodendrocyte progenitors and astrocytes that are derived from hESCs. Using lentiviral constructs and BAC-engineered hESC lines, this approach allows us to investigate the effects of 2HG on differentiation, self-renewal and transformative potential systematically along the human neuroglial axis both in vitro and in vivo. Using hESCs to understand IDH1-mediated oncogenesis is a novel strategy based on modeling a single oncogenic change in a human genetic background, potentially overcoming limitations found in current mouse models and further shedding light on early human gliomagenesis.
Episource: A Guide to Resources in Epidemiology
Authors: Myron E. Wegman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This book is a courageous attempt by the editors of<i>The Epidemiology Monitor</i>to gather in a single, 1100-page volume a comprehensive compendium of data sources, chiefly in the United States but also, to a limited extent, international, for epidemiologists. More timid souls might consider it an insurmountable task to be both comprehensive and selective in covering so disparate a range of subjects as: Advisory Groups; Agencies; Associations; Awards; Books; Bulletins; Catalogs; Companies; Consultants; Countries; Databases; Degree Programs; Directories; Fellowships; Funding Sources; Guidelines; Health Departments; Journals; Lectures; Legal Cases; Networks; Newsletters; Preventive Medicine Residency Programs; Recruiting Firms; Research Centers; Short Courses; Software; Special Training Programs; Summer Programs; Teaching Materials. The breadth and scope of the titles alone reflect a pervasive problem in this kind of publication: the critical role of terminology in guiding the reader to a desired entry. For example, one finds<i>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</i>under "Bulletins"
Screening and Detection of Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer—Reply
Authors: Laura Esserman, Ian Thompson
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Strategies to Prevent Suicide
Authors: Leonardo Tondo, Ross J. Baldessarini
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Dr Mann and colleagues provide a comprehensive review of specific strategies that may be effective for reducing the public health burden and personal loss due to suicide. However, their categorization of the Air Force Suicide Prevention Program (AFSPP) as a  strategy for preventing suicide (in Table 1 of their article) is an oversimplification of a multifaceted suicide prevention program that has demonstrated sustainability in reducing suicide events. The AFSPP comprises 11 initiatives that use a comprehensive approach that integrates different strategies, one of which is the gatekeeper programs. These additional strategies include public educational campaigns, curriculum-based programs, community preventive and clinical services, and policy changes. The AFSPP is distinctive because of its adoption of the integrated framework to prevent suicide. Language: en
UN calls for "bold" action to reshape AIDS response
Authors: W. Cui
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The United Nations has called for the world to seize a unique opportunity to subdue the HIV and AIDS epidemic by revolutionising prevention efforts and making treatment more widely available.

In a progress report released on 31 March in Nairobi the UN’s secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, says, “The HIV response faces a moment of truth. This year, we have a unique opportunity to take stock of progress and to critically and honestly assess the barriers that keep us shackled to a reality in which the epidemic continues to outpace the response.”

“We must take bold decisions that will dramatically transform the AIDS response and help us move towards an HIV-free generation.”

Mr Ban’s report puts new emphasis on the goal to achieve universal access to AIDS prevention and treatment by resetting the targets. These include halving the number of sexual transmissions of HIV, eliminating HIV transmission from mother …
An alternative aerosol delivery system for amiloride.
Authors: M L Everard, S G Devadason, V B Sunderland, P N Le Souef
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--The advent of novel treatments such as aerosolized amiloride are potentially useful additions to the therapeutic options available for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Unfortunately, amiloride and other aerosolized drugs such as antibiotics are generally administered via jet nebulisers which are time consuming to use, and thus limit the acceptance and efficacy of these forms of treatment. In vitro experiments were performed in order to determine whether amiloride could be administered in dry powder form using a Turbohaler. METHODS--Amiloride was micronised and loaded into 200 micrograms Turbohalers. The dose delivered per actuation and particle size distribution of the generated aerosol were assessed using a flow of 60 l/min through the Turbohaler. The dose of amiloride delivered was measured by collecting the aerosol on a filter and the quantity of drug was assayed by an ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The particle size distribution was assessed using a Malvern MasterSizer laser particle sizer and compared with that generated by a commercially available 200 micrograms budesonide Turbohaler. RESULTS--The mean (SD) dose delivered per actuation was 246.3 (40.4) micrograms. The volume median diameter of the amiloride aerosol was 3.80 (0.68) micron compared with 3.07 (1.47) microns for budesonide. CONCLUSIONS--These results suggest that therapeutic doses of micronised amiloride could be delivered effectively and conveniently as a dry powder aerosol using a Turbohaler.
1057. Generating Efficient Promoters for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy Using Synthetic Promoter Libraries
Authors: Stuart A. Nicklin, Anna F. Dominiczak, Andrew H. Baker
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Optimised promoters would be beneficial to maximise long-term transgene expression in vivo and improve gene therapy efficiency. Viral promoters can achieve high-level constitutive transgene expression in most mammalian cell types, however they are non-selective and sensitive to silencing in vivo via methylation, hampering efficacy for long-term expression of certain transgenes. Candidate mammalian promoters have been investigated as possible alternatives for cell-selective transcription, however many produce low-level transcriptional activity, or their size precludes their insertion into viral gene delivery vectors. We are developing synthetic promoter elements via the rational design and random combination of transcriptional regulating elements (TREs) linked to a basal promoter element for regulated transcription in skeletal or cardiac muscle under conditions of oxidative stress, a significant pathophysiological phenomenon that contributes to the development of varied cardiovascular diseases.
The Role of Inflammation in Airway Disease
Authors: HARM TIDDENS, MICHAEL SILVERMAN, ANDREW BUSH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University Department of Child Health, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom; and Paediatric Respirology, Imperial School of Medicine at the National Heartand Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Biochemical analysis of dermal glycosaminoglycans in psoriasis
Authors: J.H. Poulsen, Marie Kirstine Cramers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Biochemical analysis of dermal glycosaminoglycans in psoriasis Get access J.H. Poulsen, J.H. Poulsen University Department of Clinical Chemistry, Aarhus Kommunehospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Marie Kirstine Cramers Marie Kirstine Cramers University Department of Dermatology, Marselisborg Hospital, DK‐8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue 5, 1 November 1982, Pages 569–570, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00408.x Published: 01 November 1982 Article history Accepted: 10 February 1982 Published: 01 November 1982
Cutaneous infection with Alternaria tenuissima in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: H. Robertshaw, E. Higgins
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

A 28-year-old man, on immunosuppressive therapy for a recent kidney–pancreas transplant, presented to our department with an unusual violaceous nodule on his right knee. A biopsy specimen showed a granulomatous response in the dermis, surrounding numerous fungal cells and septate hyphae. Fungal cultures yielded dark grey colonies, which were identified as Alternaria tenuissima. To our knowledge this is the first report of A. tenuissima infection reported in the U.K.
Favorable Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Young Women and Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Martha L. Daviglus
Journal: JAMA (2004)

ContextFor women, impact of cardiovascular risk factors measured in young adulthood, particularly favorable (low-risk) profile, on mortality has been difficult to assess due to low short-term death rates.ObjectiveTo assess the relationship of baseline coronary risk factor status to mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and all causes in young women.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting and ParticipantsA total of 7302 women aged 18 to 39 years without prior CHD or major electrocardiographic abnormalities screened between 1967 and 1973 for the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. Risk groups were defined using national guidelines for values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol level, body mass index, presence of diabetes, and smoking status. Participants were divided into 4 groups: low risk, 0 risk factors high but 1 or more unfavorable, 1 only risk factor high, and 2 or more risk factors high.Main Outcome MeasuresAll-cause mortality, CHD mortality, and CVD mortality; hazard ratio of outcome measures comparing low-risk group with other groups.ResultsOnly 20% met low-risk criteria; 59% had high levels of 1 or more risk factors. During an average follow-up of 31 years, there were 47 CHD deaths, 94 CVD deaths, and 469 deaths from all causes. The age-adjusted CVD death rate per 10 000 person-years was lowest for low-risk women and increased with the number of risk factors, ie, 1.5, 1.7, 5.0, and 9.1 for low-risk; 0, 1, and 2 or more risk factors high, respectively. Multivariate-adjusted CVD mortality hazard ratio for low-risk women was 0.19 (95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.45) compared with women with 2 or more risk factors high. Similar patterns were observed for CHD and all-cause mortality and for both blacks and whites.ConclusionFor women with favorable levels for all 5 major risk factors at younger ages, CHD and CVD are rare; long-term and all-cause mortality are much lower compared with others.
High-Dose Corticosteroid Therapy in the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Michael R. Flick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

AMONG the many controversies concerning the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the role of corticosteroids in its treatment. There are two main reasons for this uncertainty. First of all, it is important to recognize that this syndrome is the consequence of the lung's response to a wide variety of injuries to its capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelium that result in an almost uniform pattern of roentgenographic and physiological abnormalities: diffuse alveolar infiltrations caused by increased permeability pulmonary edema, severe hypoxemia caused by intrapulmonary shunting of blood, and marked decrease of lung compliance and functional residual capacity caused by alveolar flooding and changes in surface tension. Second, ARDS is not a disease but a disorder that is associated with many kinds of severe underlying medical and surgical conditions. Although the exact pathogenetic sequence leading to this catastrophic syndrome is not known, there are at least several different pathways through which
Training General Internists and “STARS”
Authors: Earl W. Campbell, Jr.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 January 1995Training General Internists and “STARS”Earl W. Campbell, Jr., MDEarl W. Campbell, Jr., MDMedical College of Ohio; Toledo, OH 43699-0008Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-1-199501010-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Fogelman [1] deserves much credit for daring to be innovative in internal medicine education. His proposed changes raise the following questions:1. Family medicine programs teach all the procedures he documents in 3 years. Why would a prospective resident plan to spend an additional year in medicine to do the same?2. Is the addition of the fourth year related to the need to provide patient care coverage, which increases as fellowships become less clinically oriented? In short, is this really education disguised as service?3. Is it not characteristic of internal medicine that a program ...References1. Fogelman AM. Strategies for training generalists and subspecialists. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:579-83. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Ohio; Toledo, OH 43699-0008 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1995Volume 122, Issue 1Page: 72-73KeywordsAcademic medicineFellowshipsPatients ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Whistleblower charges medical oversight bureau with corruption
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Dr Stefan Kruszewski, a psychiatrist hired by the Bureau of Program Integrity in the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare, filed a law suit on 1 July in a federal court in the Middle District of Pennsylvania, charging that he was fired on 11 July 2003 after he uncovered widespread abuse and fraud in the bureau.

Dr Kruszewski's role at the bureau was to oversee the state's mental health and substance misuse programmes to protect against fraud, waste, and abuse. When he uncovered serious abuses, including deaths of children in the state's custody possibly due to substandard care and the off-label use of potent atypical antipsychotic medications, “they fired the messenger,” Dr Kruszewski told the BMJ .

Dr Kruszewski's efforts to clarify the causes of death in four children and one …
CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN OSTEOMALACIA
Authors: Lee Monroe Miles, Chih-Tung Feng
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Osteomalacia is a diet deficiency disease of the same category as rickets. The deficiency is principally in the fat-soluble vitamine content of the diet, though there may be a calcium deficiency at the same time. The disease may be prevented by providing a diet rich in the fat-soluble vitamine content, and may be cured by adding the same to the diet.
Mechanoelectrical Interaction in Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Michael A. Gatzoulis, Jan A. Till, Jane Somerville, Andrew N. Redington
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death remain serious late complications after tetralogy of Fallot repair. Nevertheless, there remains no clear way of predicting which patients are at risk.The study population included a total of 178 adult survivors (mean follow-up, 21.4 years) of tetralogy of Fallot repair who were currently attending our clinic. Mechano-electrical relations were sought in 41 of the patients (mean follow-up, 23.6 years) who were operated on by one surgeon and who were prospectively studied with a 12-lead ECG, chest radiography, and two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Nine patients (mean follow-up, 17 years) from the total group of 178 were identified as having had sustained ventricular tachycardia (8 with near-miss sudden death), and their ECGs, Holter monitor readings, electrophysiological studies, and chest radiographs were reviewed. The case notes of an additional 4 patients with postoperative sudden cardiac death also were available for review. QRS duration in the 41 patients in whom mechanoelectrical interaction was sought ranged between 90 and 200 milliseconds and correlated with cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) on chest radiography (r = .64, P < .001) and with right ventricular size on echocardiography (r = .43, P < .02). Twenty of the 41 patients had restrictive right ventricular Doppler physiology (reduced ventricular compliance) with mean QRS duration of 129.3 +/- 20 milliseconds and mean CTR of 0.51 +/- 0.03. The remaining 21 patients with no evidence of right ventricular restriction had prolonged QRS duration of 157.5 +/- 13.2 milliseconds (P < .001) and CTR of 0.55 +/- 0.04 (P < .04) compared with the restrictive. In the 9 patients with ventricular tachycardia, the QRS duration ranged from 180 to 230 milliseconds (mean, 198.9 +/- 17.6 milliseconds), and the CTR ranged from 0.54 to 0.9 (mean, 0.67 +/- 0.12) (P < .0001 and P < .01, respectively, compared with patients without life-threatening arrhythmias). All patients with documented sustained ventricular tachycardia and the 4 patients with sudden death had a QRS duration of > or = 180 milliseconds (100% sensitivity).Chronic right ventricular volume overload after tetralogy of Fallot repair is related to diastolic function and correlated with QRS prolongation. The risk of symptomatic arrhythmia is high when marked right ventricular enlargement and QRS prolongation develop. A QRS duration on the resting ECG of > or = 180 milliseconds is the most sensitive predictor of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias yet described.
Thyroid Gland and Uremia
Authors: J. H. GASKIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 November 1976Thyroid Gland and UremiaJ. H. GASKIN, M.D.J. H. GASKIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-5-680 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper, "Thyroid Dysfunction in Uremia: Evidence for Thyroid and Hypophyseal Abnormalities," by Ramirez and colleagues (Ann Intern Med 84:672-676, 1976), addresses an important clinical problem. However, it seems to confirm a statement in a recent review (1) that "it is not surprising that studies of thyroid gland function in chronic renal failure are confusing."The finding of impaired thyrotrophin (TSH) release after thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation conflicts with their eariler findings (2), as they noted, and with the findings of others (3). Two of their four patients with renal failure in the earlier study would have...References1. FELDMANSINGER HI: Endocrinology and metabolism in uremia and dialysis: a clinical review. Medicine 5:345-376, 1975 CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. RAMÍREZJUBIZGUTCH GWC: Thyroid abnormalities in renal failure. Ann Intern Med 79:500-504, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar3. GONZALEZ-BARCENAKASTINSCHALCH DAD: Responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with renal failure and after infusion in normal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 36:117-120, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GUALKASTINSCHALLY CAA: Clinical experience with hypothalamic releasing hormones. Part 1. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Recent Prog Horm Res 28:173-200, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. FAGLIABECK-PECCOZFERRARI GCC: Plasma thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with pituitary and hypothalamic disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 37:595-601, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. NOELDIMONDWARTOFSKY GRL: Studies of prolactin and TSH secretion by continuous infusion of small amounts of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 39:6-17, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. RAMEYBURROWPOLACKWICH JGR: The effect of oral contraceptive steroids on the response of thyroid-stimulating hormone to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 40:712-714, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. H. GASKIN, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1976Volume 85, Issue 5Page: 680-681KeywordsHormonesRenal failureThyroidThyroid-stimulating hormoneThyrotropin releasing hormone ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pharmacokinetics in the child.
Authors: W R Crom
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Pharmacokinetic studies have made many significant contributions to rational therapeutics in children. Pharmacokinetic data have helped distinguish between differences in drug disposition and drug sensitivity in children as compared to adults and led to the establishment of age-specific dosage guidelines. Factors influencing the observed differences between drug disposition in children and adults are reviewed. Specific examples utilizing anticancer drugs are presented. The use of model substrates to study hepatic drug metabolism and renal excretion in children is described and some results are discussed. The significance of genetic polymorphic drug metabolism is presented and the use of model substrates to determine individual metabolic phenotypes is described. The use of pharmacokinetic data to define the maximum-tolerated systemic exposure rather than the maximum-tolerated dosage of anticancer drugs in children is presented.