tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 249: The role of cholesterol in ultraviolet light B-induced apoptosis
Authors: Kimberly S. George, Walid Elyassaki, Qiong Wu, Shiyong Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Modification of major lipid raft components, such as cholesterol and ceramide, plays a role in regulation of programmed cell death under various stimuli. However, the relationship between cholesterol level modification and the activation of apoptotic signaling cascades upon ultraviolet B light has not been established. In this report, we demonstrate that upon UVB irradiation cholesterol levels in membrane rafts of skin cells increase, which leads to Fas aggregation in the rafts. Utilizing a continuous velocity floatation technique, we show that Fas accumulated in the lipid rafts of human melanoma M624 cells after UVB-irradiation. The subsequent events of DISC formation were also detected in the lipid raft fractions. Depletion of cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin reduces Fas aggregation, while overloading increases. Disruption of lipid rafts also prevents Daxx from dissociating from Fas in the lipid rafts, which is accompanied with a reduced apoptotic, but increased non-apoptotic death of UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. Results indicate that cholesterol located in the plasma membrane of skin cells is required for lipid raft domain formation and activation of UVB-induced apoptosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 249. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-249
The Subunit Structure of Normal and Hemophilic Factor VIII
Authors: Gabriel A. Shapiro, Judith C. Andersen, Salvatore V. Pizzo, Patrick A. McKee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Human factor VIII from normals and hemophiliacs was partially purified by ethanol and polyethylene glycol precipitations. Final purification was achieved by gel filtration on 2 or 4% agarose or ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. Comparable amounts of highly purified protein were obtained from normal and hemophilic plasma following the agarose chromatography step. Highly purified factor VIII was not dissociated by 6 M guanidine hydrochloride or 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. However, when reduced by beta-mercaptoethanol and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a single subunit species with an estimated 195,000 molecular weight was found for both normal and hemophilic factor VIII. By sedimentation equilibrium analysis, the normal factor VIII subunit was homogeneous and had an estimated molecular weight of 202,000. The subunit polypeptides from normal or hemophilic factor VIII contained carbohydrate. Each was homogeneous by isoelectric focusing. Immunodiffusion of purified normal and hemophilic factor VIII against rabbit antiserum to purified normal human factor VIII showed a single line of precipitation. Very low concentrations of purified human thrombin initially increased the activity of normal factor VIII about threefold and then progressively destroyed activity by 3 h. Only minimal activation occurred with hemophilic factor VIII. Both the activation and inactivation of normal and hemophilic factor VIII were unaccompanied by detectable changes in subunit molecular weight. These findings may have implications for the definition of the molecular defect in hemophilic factor VIII.
Lactogenic Hormones, Fetal Nutrition, and Lactation
Authors: W. S. Michael Arrata
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This is the second of two volumes devoted to<i>Problems of Human Reproduction</i>that focus on recent advances in reproductive physiology. This book is intended to serve as a current review of studies of pituitary prolactin in primates and of the roles of lactogenic hormones (both placental and pituitary) in the nutrition of the fetus and newborn. Although the morphologic and biologic bases and the mechanisms of neural and endocrine control are still incompletely understood, a large body of information has recently become available. The editor has divided the volume into three main sections. The first covers the basic aspects of pituitary and placental lactogenic hormones: their isolation, purification, chemical and biologic characterization, physiologic and pharmacologic functions, and finally the various bioassays and immunoassays used for measurement of these hormones. The second section covers largely placental structure and the effects of chorionic somatomammotropin on laboratory primate and human maternal and
Cancer Therapy: Cooperative, Nanoparticle-Enabled Thermal Therapy of Breast Cancer (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 1/2012)
Authors: Haifa Shen, Jian You, Guodong Zhang, Arturas Ziemys, Qingpo Li, Litao Bai, Xiaoyong Deng, Donald R. Erm, Xuewu Liu, Chun Li, Mauro Ferrari
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

An efficient thermal ablation agent was developed by confining gold nanoshells into nanopores of silicon microparticles. On page 84, Mauro Ferrari and co-workers show how near-infrared laser light triggers enhanced heat generation of gold nanoshells, by exploiting nanoscale cooperative effects inside microparticles. A multifold increase in thermal therapy efficacy was achieved for breast cancer in cell culture and in animal tumor models.
Comparison of GAD and ICA512/IA-2 Antibodies at and After the Onset of IDDM
Authors: Ichiro Yokota, Junko Matsuda, Etsuo Naito, Michinori Ito, Kenji Shima, Yasuhiro Kuroda
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE Longitudinal changes in GAD antibody (Ab) and ICA512/IA-2 (ICA512) Ab were examined in relation to age at the onset of diabetes and autoimmunity against the thyroid gland. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS GADAb, ICA512Ab, and antithyroid autoantibody were examined at onset in 40 juvenile-onset IDDM patients (17 males, 23 females, age at onset 9.4 ± 4.1 years, range 1.7−20). To assess the changes in antibody levels, 29 patients were followed up with sequential serum samples for up to 5 years. RESULTS At onset, GADAb, ICA512Ab, and antithyroid autoantibody (thyroglobulinAb or thyroid peroxidaseAb) were found in 70, 58, and 25% of the 40 patients, respectively. Prepubertal patients (n = 21) had a significantly higher prevalence and index of ICA512Ab compared with pubertal patients (n = 19) (76 vs. 37%, P = 0.012, and 2.43 ± 2.36 vs. 0.66 ± 1.23, P = 0.011), while GADAb was more prevalent in pubertal patients (57 vs. 84%, P = 0.09). A longitudinal analysis of GADAb and ICA512Ab showed that GADAb levels declined more slowly than those of ICA512Ab (P = 0.008). Patients with continuous extremely high levels of GADAb also had high levels of antithyroid autoantibody. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of ICA512Ab is useful in prepubertal patients, who often show rapid progression of the disease. The presence of autoimmunity against thyroid gland seems to influence the GADAb level but not the ICA512Ab level.
Importance of neurosurgical consultation after ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal hydrocephalus.
Authors: S Murphy, P Das, D N Grant, R Hayward
Journal: BMJ (1984)

4 observations instructives: dans les 4 cas une hydrocephalie fœtale est diagnostiquee par les ultrasons (indument dans 1 cas). Dans les 3 cas ou l'accouchement est provoque ou la cesarienne effectuee a la 34eme semaine, le nouveau-ne souffre de plus de complications dues a la prematurite que de l'hydrocephalie. Dans le 4eme cas la consultation en neurochirurgie permet de surseoir, une cesarienne a la 38eme semaine est executee et l'evolution est plus favorable
Common injuries among Nigerian games players
Authors: D. N. Mathur, S. O. Salokun, D. P. Uyanga
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

The study investigated the common types and sites of injuries which were sustained by male soccer, basketball and field hockey players during a period of 8 weeks of intensive training and competition. In all, 170 soccer players, 127 basketball players and 212 hockey players drawn from various clubs in Nigeria formed the subjects of the study, a total of 509 patients. Questionnaires on the prospective injury experience were handed over to the club members. A total of 630, 308 and 641 injuries were recorded in soccer, basketball and hockey respectively. In soccer the common injuries were sprains and strains (45.6%), bruises and cuts (27.0%) and concussion (15.2%). The lower limb had the highest number of injuries (49.1%). In basketball common injuries were sprains and strains (41.5%), bruises and cuts (26.7%) and swelling and blisters (22.1%). The most common site of injury was the upper limb which sustained 45.8% of the injuries. The common injuries in hockey were bruises and cuts (50.8%), swelling and blisters (21.5%) and sprains and strains (20.2%). The lower limb sustained the highest number of injuries (57.5%).
Oral Contraceptives and Thromboembolic Disease
Authors: Victor A. Drill
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The average normal incidence of superficial and deep-vein thromboembolic disease in women of childbearing age is 2.2 cases per 1,000 women per year. The incidence of this disease is not increased during pregnancy, when estrogen secretion is increased, or when oral contraceptives are employed. In over 80,000 women receiving oral contraceptives for more than 1,000,000 cycles the incidence of superficial and deep-vein thromboembolic disease is 0.97 cases per 1,000 women per year. Retrospective survey studies have provided the hypothesis of increased risk in women taking oral contraceptives, but this hypothesis is not confirmed by the large volume of prospective data. Available data do not demonstrate that women with a history of thromboembolic disease are more susceptible to a recurrence when using oral contraceptives, and women developing thrombophlebitis have recovered uneventfully while continuing to use oral contraceptives.
Fabrication of Nature‐Inspired Microfluidic Network for Perfusable Tissue Constructs
Authors: Jiankang He, Mao Mao, Yaxiong Liu, Jinyou Shao, Zhongmin Jin, Dichen Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

A microreplication method is presented to transfer nature optimized vascular network of leaf venation into various synthetic matrixes. The biomaterial hydrogel with these microfluidic networks is proven to facilitate the growth of endothelial cells and simultaneously function as convection pathways to transport nutrients and oxygen in a pump-free bioreactor setup, which is crucial for the long-term viability of encapsulated cells.
The Humoral Pattern Recognition Molecule PTX3 Is a Key Component of Innate Immunity against Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Sébastien Jaillon, Federica Moalli, Bryndis Ragnarsdottir, Eduardo Bonavita, Manoj Puthia, Federica Riva, Elisa Barbati, Manuela Nebuloni, Lidija Cvetko Krajinovic, Alemka Markotic, Sonia Valentino, Andrea Doni, Silvia Tartari, Giorgio Graziani, Alessandro Montanelli, Yves Delneste, Catharina Svanborg, Cecilia Garlanda, Alberto Mantovani
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Interactions Between Phospholamban and β-Adrenergic Drive May Lead to Cardiomyopathy and Early Mortality
Authors: Rajesh Dash, Vivek J. Kadambi, Albrecht G. Schmidt, Nicole M. Tepe, Danuta Biniakiewicz, Michael J. Gerst, Amy M. Canning, William T. Abraham, Brian D. Hoit, Stephen B. Liggett, John N. Lorenz, Gerald W. Dorn, Evangelia G. Kranias
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Relieving the inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticular function by phospholamban is a major target of β-adrenergic stimulation. Chronic β-adrenergic receptor activity has been suggested to be detrimental, on the basis of transgenic overexpression of the receptor or its signaling effectors. However, it is not known whether physiological levels of sympathetic tone, in the absence of preexisting heart failure, are similarly detrimental. Methods and Results —Transgenic mice overexpressing phospholamban at 4-fold normal levels were generated, and at 3 months, they exhibited mildly depressed ventricular contractility without heart failure. As expected, transgenic cardiomyocyte mechanics and calcium kinetics were depressed, but isoproterenol reversed the inhibitory effects of phospholamban on these parameters. In vivo cardiac function was substantially depressed by propranolol administration, suggesting enhanced sympathetic tone. Indeed, plasma norepinephrine levels and the phosphorylation status of phospholamban were elevated, reflecting increased adrenergic drive in transgenic hearts. On aging, the chronic enhancement of adrenergic tone was associated with a desensitization of adenylyl cyclase (which intensified the inhibitory effects of phospholamban), the development of overt heart failure, and a premature mortality. Conclusions —The unique interaction between phospholamban and increased adrenergic drive, elucidated herein, provides the first evidence that compensatory increases in catecholamine stimulation can, even in the absence of preexisting heart failure, be a primary causative factor in the development of cardiomyopathy and early mortality.
Reviews and Notes: Ethics: Ethics and the Elderly
Authors: Robert J. Sullivan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine1 April 1996Reviews and Notes: Ethics: Ethics and the ElderlyRobert J. Sullivan Jr., MD, MPHRobert J. Sullivan Jr., MD, MPHDepartment of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-7-199604010-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail MR Wicclair. 245 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1993. $35.00. ISBN 0-19-055315-X. Order phone 800-451-7556.During a conversation with a physician colleague about a particularly vexing clinical conundrum, I suggested consulting a renowned ethicist we both know. My colleague responded with an angry look and said, “Why ask his opinion? He can never reach a decision.”Indeed, physicians expect consultants to tell us which path to follow. By contrast, ethicists explore the spectrum of paths available and the principles influencing decisions. Many physicians are troubled when they discover that more options need consideration, that an optimal choice is not ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1996Volume 124, Issue 7Page: 698KeywordsAdultsChildrenDementiaDisclosureElderlyPopulation statistics ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 April 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The RIG-I-like Receptor LGP2 Controls CD8+ T Cell Survival and Fitness
Authors: Mehul S. Suthar, Hilario J. Ramos, Margaret M. Brassil, Jason Netland, Craig P. Chappell, Gabriele Blahnik, Aimee McMillan, Michael S. Diamond, Edward A. Clark, Michael J. Bevan, Michael Gale
Journal: Immunity (2012)
A Human CD4 Monoclonal Antibody for the Treatment of T-Cell Lymphoma Combines Inhibition of T-Cell Signaling by a Dual Mechanism with Potent Fc-Dependent Effector Activity
Authors: David A. Rider, Carin E.G. Havenith, Ruby de Ridder, Janine Schuurman, Cedric Favre, Joanne C. Cooper, Simon Walker, Ole Baadsgaard, Susanne Marschner, Jan G.J. vandeWinkel, John Cambier, Paul W.H.I. Parren, Denis R. Alexander
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Zanolimumab is a human IgG1 antibody against CD4, which is in clinical development for the treatment of cutaneous and nodal T-cell lymphomas. Here, we report on its mechanisms of action. Zanolimumab was found to inhibit CD4+ T cells by combining signaling inhibition with the induction of Fc-dependent effector mechanisms. First, T-cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction is inhibited by zanolimumab through a fast, dual mechanism, which is activated within minutes. Ligation of CD4 by zanolimumab effectively inhibits early TCR signaling events but, interestingly, activates signaling through the CD4-associated tyrosine kinase p56lck. An uncoupling of p56lck from the TCR by anti-CD4 allows the kinase to transmit direct inhibitory signals via the inhibitory adaptor molecules Dok-1 and SHIP-1. Second, CD4+ T cells are killed by induction of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, to which CD45RO+ cells are more sensitive than CD45RA+ cells. Finally, zanolimumab induces down-modulation of CD4 from cell surfaces via a slow Fc-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, zanolimumab rapidly inhibits T-cell signaling via a dual mechanism of action combined with potent Fc-dependent lysis of CD4+ T cells and may act long-term by down-regulating CD4.
Environmental determinants of atopic eczema phenotypes in relation to asthma and atopic sensitization
Authors: B. Karadag, M. J. Ege, A. Scheynius, M. Waser, D. Schram‐Bijkerk, M. Van Hage, G. Pershagen, B. Brunekreef, J. Riedler, C. Braun‐Fahrländer, E. Von Mutius
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: There is still uncertainty about the determinants of atopic eczema (AE). To explain the heterogeneity of the disease, different phenotypes of AE have been suggested. Methods: The cross‐sectional PARSIFAL study included 14 893 school‐age children of farmers or children attending Steiner schools and their respective reference groups. A detailed questionnaire was completed, and house dust was collected for the measurement of endotoxin and glucans. Atopic sensitization was defined by allergen‐specific IgE levels in the serum. Results: In multivariate analyses, helping with haying was the only variable related to a farming environment having a consistent inverse association with both current symptoms and a doctor’s diagnosis of AE [aOR = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46–0.93) and 0.73 (0.51–1.05)], respectively. Severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in the first 2 years of life and usage of antibiotics ever were found to be positively related only to asthma‐associated AE, whereas the effect of LRTI on AE without asthma had an opposite effect. Levels of β(1→3)‐glucans in mattress dust were inversely related to a doctor’s diagnosis of asthma‐associated AE [aOR = 0.75 (0.57–0.98)], and endotoxin levels to current symptoms of asthma‐associated AE [aOR = 0.73 (0.57–0.94)]. Conclusions: The analyses of the PARSIFAL study revealed two different phenotypes of AE, depending on the association with asthma and wheezing ever. With regard to the hygiene hypothesis, help with haying, exposure to β(1→3)‐glucans and endotoxin were found to be inversely associated with the AE phenotype associated with asthma and wheezing.
Cost-effectiveness of Combined Statin-Resin Therapy
Authors: David L. Katz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 October 1994Cost-effectiveness of Combined Statin-Resin TherapyDavid L. Katz, MD, MPHDavid L. Katz, MD, MPHSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-7-199410010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:There is a surprising omission in the study by Sprecher and colleagues [1]. Although the authors reported the lipid-lowering efficacy of various combinations of fluvastatin and cholestyramine, they made no mention of their relative costs. In clinical practice, cost-effectiveness is an increasing priority.Sponsorship of the study by a pharmaceutical company may have been responsible for the omission. I ask that the cost-effectiveness of the drug combinations be reported.References1. Sprecher DL, Abrams J, Allen JW, Keane WF, Chrysant SG, Ginsberg H, et al. Low-dose combined therapy with fluvastatin and cholestyramine in hyperlipidemic patients. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:537-43. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDietary Administration of Colesevelam Hydrochloride Does Not Affect Fertility or Reproductive Performance in Rats 1 October 1994Volume 121, Issue 7Page: 548-549KeywordsDrugs Issue Published: 1 October 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Is Cancer Contagious?
Authors: A. Lapthorn Smith
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Montreal, Canada, Jan. 10, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —For more than ten years I have been convinced that cancer is a contagious disease, the cause of the contagion being either a cell or a microbe contained in the discharges. I am now gathering facts to prove that it is not hereditary, as most people believe. One of the facts which has become very apparent from the study of my cases is that it is the exception for a cancer patient to have had a father or mother who has died from cancer; while quite a number of them had come in contact with cancer patients who were not related to them and from whom I believe they contracted the disease. I would like to hear from any of your readers who have made similar observations. It would also be very interesting to know if there is any village, among the
Acromioclavicular disruption in first class rugby players.
Authors: J Webb, G Bannister
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1992)

In a random sample of 105 first class rugby players, 45% gave a history of injury of the acromioclavicular joint. All continued to play at the highest level. The effects of the injury appeared to be minimal. Supraspinatus impingement syndrome commonly associated with acromioclavicular pathology was sought, but not found.
DOUBLE CLUB FEET AND HANDS—TREATMENT.
Authors: B. MERRILL RICKETTS
Journal: JAMA (1895)

whooped three weeks.Dose, 3 up to 12 drops.Very severe attack.Was well in three weeks, and grew rapidly very fat.Case 27.-November, 1894; female 2 years old.Whooped for ten days.Dose, 3 up to 5 drops.Severe attack.Well in three weeks.Case 28.-November, 1894; male 2% years of age.Dose, 2 up to 4 drops.Mild attack.On the fifth day caught cold.Temperature 104 degrees.Dull, stupid, languid.I stopped bromoform and gave aconite and belladonna.In two days resumed bromoform.Now, whooping about once in two days and sleeping and eating well, and coughing much less.Case 29.-Exposed Oct. 22, 1894; boy eight months old.Coughed from the 26th to the 28th quite violently, and on the evening of the 28th whooped from twenty to thirty times -typically.I gave 2 drops of bromoform at 8 p.m., and at 1 a.m.Temperature normal, pulse 120.Did not whoop after 11 p.m. until the next day at 7 a.m., two whoops ; 7 :30,2 drops of bromoform.Temperature and pulse normal.At noon, 3 drops bromoform ; at 4 p.m. 2 drops.One whoop at 1 p.m. ; 6 p.m., temperature 99.4degrees, pulse 120, good.Much swal- lowed mucus in stool to-day.Dull and sick-that night whooped once.Slept well.October 30.No whooping today.Cough loose and very moderate.Gave 5 drops of bromoform during the day.Evening temperature 99.2 degrees, pulse 120.October 31, slept well.Bright as usual.Coughed several times-no whoop-ate well.Temperature and pulse normal.November 1. Gave 1 drop of bromoform four times to-day.No whoops.November 15, an occasional cough.No more whoops.Shortly after last record, baby caught cold and coughed several times a day.No whoops.Has gained steadily since.My plan of administration is based on the follow- ing idea: begin with a dose which can be well borne, increase as rapidly as is compatible with safety up to the maximum dose,i.e., that dose which distinctly