tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobin CC disease: rheological properties of erythrocytes and abnormalities in cell water
Authors: John R. Murphy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Suspensions of erythrocytes from patients with hemoglobin (Hb) CC disease showed an increased viscosity and decreased filterability suggesting a less deformable cell. Hemolysates prepared from Hb CC erythrocytes had an increased viscosity compared with hemolysates of normal cells, suggesting that the increased viscosity of Hb CC cells in serum was the result of an increased internal viscosity of the cell. These abnormal rheological properties of Hb CC erythrocytes were associated with a decreased content of cations and an abnormality of cell water. The fraction of the cell volume, which is water in Hb CC cells, was 95.5% of normal. The amount of cell water in Hb CC cells available for osmotic equilibrium, termed solvent water, was only 67% of that in normal cells. The smaller amount of solvent water in Hb CC cells indicates a greater amount of water bound to protein. Altered rheological properties of erythrocytes with Hb AA, CC, and SC also were observed during pregnancy. Suspensions of erythrocytes in serum or plasma from pregnant patients resulted in an increased viscosity compared with suspension in serum or plasma from nonpregnant individuals. An increased viscosity during pregnancy is consistent with the increased severity of the hemolytic anemia in patients with these hemoglobinopathies during pregnancy. The studies reported here suggest that in Hb CC disease the mechanism of erythrocyte destruction, splenic sequestration, results from the increased viscosity, and less deformability of the erythrocyte with on increased internal viscosity.
Sympathetic influences on the native canine coronary collateral circulation
Authors: D. E Euler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The aim was to investigate the influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the native collateral circulation in the intact heart.Experiments were performed on 10 open chest dogs anaesthetised with alpha chloralose. The left anterior descending coronary artery was cannulated and embolised with 25 microns microspheres. Collateral resistance was determined from measurements of aortic pressure and retrograde flow. Additional haemodynamic measurements included left ventricular pressure and blood flow in the circumflex coronary artery.Coronary embolisation decreased retrograde resistance from 41.5(SEM 6.0) to 20.1(1.9) mm Hg.ml-1.min-1 (P < 0.01). Left stellate stimulation for 60 s (10 Hz) significantly increased circumflex blood flow and decreased circumflex resistance from 2.1(0.3) to 1.6(0.2) mm Hg.ml-1.min-1. Retrograde resistance during sympathetic stimulation decreased from 19.7(1.8) mm Hg.ml-1.min-1 (P < 0.01). Transient occlusion of descending aorta resulted in changes in perfusion pressure and retrograde flow that were similar to those observed during stellate stimulation. Stellate stimulation after beta blockade with timolol (0.1 mg.kg-1) increased circumflex resistance from 1.9(0.2) to 2.3(0.3) mm Hg.ml-1.min-1 (P < 0.01) but did not alter retrograde resistance.The sympathetic nervous system does not have a direct effect on native coronary collateral vessels. Increased sympathetic input to the heart does not result in a coronary steal phenomenon. The primary determinant of flow and resistance in the native collateral network during sympathetic activation is the arterial perfusion pressure.
Exercise-induced bronchospasm in rhinitis schoolchildren without asthma: The French six cities study
Authors: Kigninlman Horo, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Denis Charpin, François Lavaud, Frédéric de Blay, Chantal Rahérison, Denis Caillaud
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction : Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is frequent among asthmatic children. In contrast, prevalence of EIB in rhinitis children without asthma is controversial.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess at the population level in children, the relationship between various phenotypes of rhinitis and EIB according to the presence or absence of asthma.

Methods : This study is part of the Six Cities Study, the French contribution to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II. 7,781 schoolchildren aged 10 years in mean underwent skin prick test to assess sensitization and an EIB test and their parents filled a standardized questionnaire allowing to assess the presence of ‘past-year rhinoconjunctivitis’ (PYRC), ‘ever hay fever’ (EHF), and a SFAR (‘score for allergic rhinitis) ≥ 7’ as a marker of ‘ever allergic rhinitis’ and asthma-like symptoms.

Results : 6,813 schoolchildren aged 10 years were studied . A fall in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) ≥15% or more after exercise was found in 227 children (3.33 %). The prevalence of EIB in children without lifetime asthma, but with EHF, PYRC or SFAR score ≥ 7 was 3.22, 3.80 and 3.81% respectively. Adjusted Odds-Ratios [95% confidence intervals] between EIB and allergic rhinitis phenotypes were 1.56 [0.92-2.63] for EHF, 1.97 [1.16-3.35] for PYRC and 1.84 [1.16-2.91] for SFAR ≥ 7.

Conclusion : In our population-based sample of children, atopic rhinitis, was associated with EIB, independently of asthma.
Family History in Public Health Practice: A Genomic Tool for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Authors: Rodolfo Valdez, Paula W. Yoon, Nadeem Qureshi, Ridgely Fisk Green, Muin J. Khoury
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2010)

Family history is a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Professional guidelines usually include family history to assess health risk, initiate interventions, and motivate behavioral changes. The advantages of family history over other genomic tools include a lower cost, greater acceptability, and a reflection of shared genetic and environmental factors. However, the utility of family history in public health has been poorly explored. To establish family history as a public health tool, it needs to be evaluated within the ACCE framework (analytical validity; clinical validity; clinical utility; and ethical, legal, and social issues). Currently, private and public organizations are developing tools to collect standardized family histories of many diseases. Their goal is to create family history tools that have decision support capabilities and are compatible with electronic health records. These advances will help realize the potential of family history as a public health tool.
Delayed-type hypersensitivity to influenza virus. Induction of antigen-specific suppressor T cells for delayed-type hypersensitivity to hemagglutinin during influenza virus infection in mice.
Authors: F Y Liew, S M Russell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Mice infected with A/England/939/69 X A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (Rec 31) influenza virus by aerosol develop significantly lower levels of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to A/Hong Kong/1/68 X A/Puerto Rico/8/34/ (X31) virus compared to uninfected mice. The suppression of DTH to the hemagglutinin appears to be mediated by suppressor T cells which carry Lyt-1 membrane antigen marker, and not by sy serum antibody. The suppressor T cells for DTH induced by Rec 31 virus (H3N1) infection suppress the DTH response to the variants of the H3 subtype of influenza viruses, but have no effect on the DTH responses to A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus (H0N1), a B influenza virus or the matrix protein of type A influenza virus. Suppressor T cells for DTH appear 2 wk after infection and are detectable in the spleen for at least 40 d thereafter. T-helper cells for antibody response to hemagglutinin are induced concomitantly with the T-suppressor cells for DTH. Possible implications of the present findings on the regulation of the immune response to viral infection are discussed.
RE: Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Prostate Cancer Risk in the SELECT Trial
Authors: J. T. Brenna, G. C. Burdge, M. A. Crawford, P. Clayton, S. C. Cunnane, R. Gow, J. R. Hibbeln, A. J. Sinclair, J. Stein, P. Willatts
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

We would like to take this opportunity to comment on the recent article by Brasky et al. (1). This study is a case–control study, measuring only associations rather than cause and effect, and it uses inappropriate measures of dietary exposure to omega-3 fatty acids, which show very low consumption levels overall.
The meaning and implication of sun protection factor
Authors: D. Reinau, U. Osterwalder, E. Stockfleth, C. Surber
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article The meaning and implication of sun protection factor Get access D. Reinau, D. Reinau Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Basel Basel Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. Osterwalder, U. Osterwalder BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH Monheim Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Stockfleth, E. Stockfleth Department of Dermatology Klinikum für Dermatologie Venerologie und Allergologie St. Josef‐Hospital Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Surber C. Surber Department of Dermatology University Hospital Basel SwitzerlandDepartment of Dermatology University Hospital Zürich Switzerland Correspondence: Christian Surber. E‐mail: christian.surber@unibas.ch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 173, Issue 5, 1 November 2015, Page 1345, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.14015 Published: 01 November 2015
Human Pavlovian autonomie conditioning and its relation to awareness of the CS/US contingency: Focus on the phenomenon and some forgotten facts
Authors: John J. Furedy, Magnus Kristjansson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Although conditional stimulus (CS)/unconditional stimulus (US) contingency awareness appears to be necessary for human Pavlovian autonomie conditioning, only a selective review of the literature and the forgetting of certain basic, brute facts can allow the cognitive conclusion that awareness causes, or even is important for, conditioning. That conclusion is theoretically barren for explaining the phenomenon and is also of little potential practical use.
Inhibition by Acetylcholine of Adrenergic Neurotransmission in Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: PAUL M. VANHOUTTE
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

Changes in the isometric tension of isolated strips of cutaneous, femoral, mesenteric, pulmonary, and muscle arteries and veins were recorded at 37°C in an organ bath. Acetylcholine (5 x 10 -8 and 10 -7 g/ml) caused relaxation of strips from the saphenous veins, the femoral veins, and all of the arteries after contraction by norepinephrine released from nerve terminals by electrical stimulation (2-5 Hz); in the pulmonary and mesenteric veins, acetylcholine caused a further increase in tension. Pulmonary artery and mesenteric vein strips were incubated with [ 3 H] norepinephrine and mounted for superfusion (3 ml/min) and isometric tension recording. Electrical stimulation increased the tension and the total radioactivity released in both preparations. Acetylcholine (2 x 10 -7 g/ml) depressed the contractions of the pulmonary artery strips but augmented those of the mesenteric vein strips; it diminished the efflux of radioactivity in both, indicating that acetylcholine inhibits adrenergic neurotransmission. In the absence of sympathetic stimulation, acetylcholine (5 x 10 -10 -10 -5 g/ml) caused all vein strips to contract; the most common reaction in artery strips was a slight relaxation (at 10 -9 -10 -8 g/ml) followed by a contraction (at 5 x 10 -8 -10 -5 g/ml). During contractions caused by norepinephrine, acetylcholine caused a further increase in tension in vein strips but a relaxation in artery strips. Atropine abolished the effects of acetylcholine. The results of this study suggest the presence in vascular smooth muscle of both excitatory and inhibitory cholinergic receptors.
Duration of Asthma and Physiologic Outcomes in Elderly Nonsmokers
Authors: CARA CASSINO, KENNETH I. BERGER, ROBERTA M. GOLDRING, ROBERT G. NORMAN, SANDRA KAMMERMAN, CARLO CIOTOLI, JOAN REIBMAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Airway and alveolar inflammation have been described in asthma. Prolonged inflammation may lead to airway remodeling, which can result in physiologic abnormalities. Elderly lifetime nonsmokers are an ideal population in which to examine the consequences of longstanding asthma. To test the hypothesis that airflow limitation and hyperinflation are associated with the duration of asthma, we evaluated airflow and lung volumes in a cohort of elderly asthmatic individuals. All subjects were > 60 yr of age and were lifetime nonsmokers (n = 75). Patients with asthma of long duration (LDA; n = 38) had asthma for ⩾ 26 yr (median = 40.0 yr); patients with asthma of short duration (SDA; n = 37) had asthma for < 26 yr (median = 9 yr). Patients with LDA had a significantly lower FEV1% predicted than did those with SDA (59.5 ± 2.6% versus 73.8 ± 3.1% [mean ± SEM], respectively; p < 0.007). Regression analysis demonstrated that duration of asthma was inversely associated with FEV1% predicted (r = 0.264, p < 0.03). After bronchodilator administration, the patients with LDA continued to show airflow obstruction (FEV1% predicted = 65.4 ± 2.9). Only 18% of patients with LDA attained a normal postbronchodilator FEV1, whereas 50% of those with SDA were able to do so (p < 0.003). The FRC% predicted was significantly higher in subjects with LDA than in those with SDA (142.9 ± 5.6 versus 124.1 ± 4.4, respectively, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed an association between FRC and duration of asthma that was independent of the degree of airflow limitation. These data suggest that the duration of asthma is associated with the degree of airflow limitation and hyperinflation. Moreover, these abnormalities can become irreversible over time, and may reflect distal airway and/or parenchymal changes as well as proximal airway remodeling.
Use of Imaging for GI Cancers
Authors: Stuart Bentley-Hibbert, Lawrence Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

GI cancers are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that differ in their biologic and physical behaviors depending on the organ of origin, location within the organ, and degree of differentiation. As a result, evaluation of these tumors is complex, requiring integration of information from a patient's clinical history, physical examination, laboratory data, and imaging. With advances in anatomic and functional imaging techniques, we now have tools for assessing patients with these tumors at diagnosis, staging, and treatment assessment. It is difficult for a single imaging modality to provide all the necessary information for a given GI tumor. However, well-chosen combinations of available imaging modalities based on the indications, strength, and limitations of the modalities will provide optimal evaluation of patients with these malignancies.
Effect of Coumarins Started Before Coronary Angioplasty on Acute Complications and Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Jurriën M. ten Berg, Johannes C. Kelder, Maarten Jan Suttorp, E. Gijs Mast, Egbert Bal, Sjef M. P. G. Ernst, Freek W. A. Verheugt, H. W. Thijs Plokker
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Coronary angioplasty frequently creates a thrombogenic surface, with subsequent mural thrombosis that may lead to acute complications and possibly stimulates the development of restenosis. Whether coumarins can prevent these complications is unclear. The objective of this open, randomized trial was to assess the clinical effect of coumarins started before coronary angioplasty and continued for 6 months. Methods and Results —Before coronary angioplasty, 530 patients were randomly assigned to aspirin plus coumarins and 528 patients to aspirin alone. At the start of the angioplasty, the mean international normalized ratio was 2.7±1.1; during follow-up, it was 3.0±1.1. At 30 days, the composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, target-lesion revascularization, and stroke was observed in 18 patients (3.4%) treated with aspirin plus coumarin compared with 34 patients (6.4%) treated with aspirin alone (relative risk, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.92). At 1 year, these figures were 14.3% and 20.3%, respectively (relative risk, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.93). The incidence of major bleeding and false aneurysm during hospitalization was 3.2% and 1.0%, respectively (relative risk, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.26 to 9.11). The benefit of coumarins was observed in both stented and nonstented patients. Conclusions —Coumarins in addition to aspirin started before PTCA and continued for 6 months was more effective than aspirin alone in the prevention of acute and late complications after coronary angioplasty. This benefit was accompanied by a small but significant increase in bleeding complications.
Effects of changes in afterload impedance on left ventricular ejection in isolated canine hearts: dissociation of end ejection from end systole
Authors: O. NISHIOKA, Y. MARUYAMA, K. ASHIKAWA, S. ISOYAMA, S. SATOH, H. SUZUKI, J. WATANABE, H. WATANABE, Y. SHIMIZU, E. INO-OKA, T. TAKISHIMA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

To examine how end systole differs from end ejection and also whether the slope of the end systolic pressure-volume relation can be approximated to that of the end ejection pressure-volume relation, nine isolated, perfused, paced canine hearts ejecting into a hydraulic loading system that simulated the aortic input impedance of a dog's arterial tree were studied. To measure left ventricular volume changes the heart was placed in a plethysmograph. Peripheral resistance (Rp) and arterial compliance (C) were independently varied from 1.9 (Rp = 1.9) to 3.3, 6.4, and 9.6 X 10(8) Pa.m-3.s (Rp run) with a constant value of compliance 1.3 X 10(-9) Pa-1.m3 (C = 1.3), and from C = 0.4 to C = 0.8, C = 1.3 and C = 2.3 (C run) with a constant value of resistance (Rp = 6.4). Five pressure-volume loops were obtained by changing the end diastolic volume at each value of compliance and peripheral resistance. It was clearly shown that ventricular ejection continued after end systole and the time duration between end systole and end ejection became longer with increasing arterial compliance (24(4) at C = 0.4 vs 49(4) ms at C = 2.3, p less than 0.001), while the time duration between end diastole and end systole was constant regardless of afterload impedance change. Regarding the left ventricular pressure-volume relation the end systolic relation was almost linear (r greater than or equal to 0.98) and the slope was not significantly affected by change in any afterload impedance tested. End ejection pressure-volume relation was also linear (r greater than or equal to 0.97) and the slopes in the peripheral resistance and compliance runs were lower than those of the end systolic pressure-volume relation in each corresponding run. The former slopes decreased at smaller values of Rp or larger values of C--namely, 4.4(0.6) at Rp = 9.6 vs 3.6(0.6) at Rp = 1.9, p less than 0.05; 4.8(0.6) at C = 0.4 vs 3.1(0.5) mmHg.ml-1 at C = 2.3, p less than 0.001. Thus it is concluded that end ejection is usually different from end systole and the time difference between them is affected by changes in arterial compliance. In addition, the slope of end ejection pressure-volume relation was dependent on the changes in afterload impedance and cannot be approximated to that of the end systolic pressure-volume relation.
Myeloproliferative disorder FOP-FGFR1 fusion kinase recruits phosphoinositide-3 kinase and phospholipase Cγ at the centrosome
Authors: Hélène Lelièvre, Véronique Chevrier, Anne-Marie Tassin, Daniel Birnbaum
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2008)

Abstract Background The t(6;8) translocation found in rare and agressive myeloproliferative disorders results in a chimeric gene encoding the FOP-FGFR1 fusion protein. This protein comprises the N-terminal region of the centrosomal protein FOP and the tyrosine kinase of the FGFR1 receptor. FOP-FGFR1 is localized at the centrosome where it exerts a constitutive kinase activity. Results We show that FOP-FGFR1 interacts with the large centrosomal protein CAP350 and that CAP350 is necessary for FOP-FGFR1 localisation at centrosome. FOP-FGFR1 activates the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway. We show that p85 interacts with tyrosine 475 of FOP-FGFR1, which is located in a YXXM consensus binding sequence for an SH2 domain of p85. This interaction is in part responsible for PI3K activation. Ba/F3 cells that express FOP-FGFR1 mutated at tyrosine 475 have reduced proliferative ability. Treatment with PI3K pathway inhibitors induces death of FOP-FGFR1 expressing cells. FOP-FGFR1 also recruits phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) at the centrosome. We show that this enzyme is recruited by FOP-FGFR1 at the centrosome during interphase. Conclusion These results delineate a particular type of oncogenic mechanism by which an ectopic kinase recruits its substrates at the centrosome whence unappropriate signaling induces continuous cell growth and MPD.
Restriction-map variation in the Notch region of Drosophila melanogaster.
Authors: Stephen W. Schaeffer, Charles F. Aquadro, Charles H. Langley
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1988)

A worldwide sample of 37 X chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster was analyzed with four restriction endonucleases for a 60-kb region of the Notch locus. Any two randomly chosen homologous chromosomes were heterozygous at one in 143 nucleotides (theta = 0.007). The chromosomes that were sampled contained no more than one insertion/deletion. The four insertions and one deletion observed in the 37 chromosomes sampled were located 3' to the Notch transcript; one insertion was represented twice in the sample. The amount of linkage disequilibrium in the Notch region appears to be lower than that of the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in D. melanogaster. The few instances of linkage disequilibrium observed could be due to geographic differentiation of African populations. The genetic variation estimates in the Notch region were comparable with those of the alcohol dehydrogenase region in D. melanogaster, suggesting that molecular genetic variation on the X chromosome is not dramatically reduced by selection against slightly deleterious alleles.