tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychopharmacology
Authors: Combiz Julian Omidi
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The American Psychiatric Press is owned by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), which has approximately 40 000 members and is a major publisher in the field of psychiatry. Its recent publication, DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fourth edition) has realized more than $30 million to this point.   The American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Psychopharmacology has four sections: principles of psychopharmacology (6 chapters), classes of psychiatric drugs (15 chapters), clinical psychobiology and psychiatric syndromes (6 chapters), and psychopharmacological treatment (14 chapters). It took the reviewers some time to understand the logic of these divisions. Sections 2 and 4 cover areas of psychopharmacology that are more relevant to the practicing psychiatrist, whereas sections 1 and 3 deal with basic science and biological psychiatry.  Each chapter in section 2 begins with a concise and thoughtful introduction to the history and discovery of the class of drug in question. Next is
Digitalis as a Cause of Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia with Atrioventricular Block
Authors: S. Oram, L. Resnekov, P. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1960)

An unselected series of 60 patients with Parkinsonism have been treated by stereotaxic electrocoagulation cerebral lesions.Of these patients 53, or 88%, have had tremor and/or rigidity abolished or significantly reduced without complications in the treated limbs, and have been followed for up to five years.Six patients, despite successful treatment of limb tremor and/or rigidity, have persisting complications of the operations.In only one case have limb tremor and rigidity been unimproved.These results have been achieved by accurate siting of the lesion and by making it as small as would be compatible with maintained improvement.The method used has evolved progressively, and is unique, in allowing the creation of lesions in the globus pallidus, internal capsule, or thalamus with one electrode track at different depths.Such combined lesions are usually necessary to eliminate contralateral limb rigidity and tremor.As a result of our experience we believe that the selection of patients for operation should be governed by the degree of widespread manifestations of Parkinsonism pre-operatively.Where widespread manifesta- tions are present, surgical lesions to treat limb tremor and rigidity cannot be large or inexactly placed, otherwise mental deterioration characterized particularly by akinesis will be accentuated.
A case of hemangiopericytoma of the soft palate with articulate disorder and dysphagia
Authors: Yasuyuki Michi, Miho Suzuki, Kazuto Kurohara, Kiyoshi Harada
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

We report a case of hemangiopericytoma of the soft palate of 60-year-old patient, who noticed a mass of the soft palate and experienced difficulty in speaking. We found a pediculate, hard, elastic mass measuring 38 mm (cross-sectional diameter). Computed tomography (CT) scans and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed irregularly shaped mass and revealed a heterogeneous internal composition, consistent with vascular tumors. We excised the tumor under general anesthesia. Histopathological diagnosis was based on positive immunoreactivity of CD99 and vimentin and weak, positive staining of CD34. Three and half years following tumor excision, there is no recurrence or metastasis.
Use of Multiple Drugs among Adolescents Who Use Anabolic Steroids
Authors: Robert H. DuRant, Vaughn I. Rickert, Carolyn Seymore Ashworth, Cheryl Newman, Gregory Slavens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Because adolescent users of anabolic steroids are concerned with increasing muscle size and strength, they may be unique among substance users and unlikely to use other drugs. Alternatively, if the factors that cause the use of anabolic steroids are similar to those associated with the use of other substances, adolescents who use anabolic steroids would be expected to report use of other drugs as well.
INTESTINAL ANTISEPSIS, DIET AND CASTRATION IN RELATION TO EPILEPSY.
Authors: EVERETT FLOOD
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The effort has been in the present paper to offer as briefly as possible some individual conclusions as to the advisability of employing the three methods enumerated in the title. Pages have been filled, and can be again filled, with observations and statistics relating to the epileptic symptom. I leave aside now all that class of work and present these three as newer methods and those which to my mind promise, especially in young cases, rather better results than any plan with drugs as usually employed. The first attack in many instances is after excessive eating, as in the following case: A girl of 14 ate heartily and hastily at dinner, then took a pint of peanuts on her way to school and, soon after the session opened, had a fit. She vomited large chunks of beef and a great quantity of other food. A second fit occurred three months
Relationship Between Medicine and Dentistry
Authors: Victor Kassel
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I like to emphasize the necessity of closer cooperation between physician and dentist when it comes to diagnosing and treating disturbances of that region of the human body that should be the domain of members of both these medical sciences. Today's dentist is a medical specialist, not legally though, but de facto for sure. He has been for thousands of years. Yet, dentistry is still a stepchild of the profession. Dr. Charles Mayo once said: "It may be going too far to say that dentists should be doctors of medicine, but certainly all dentists should know more about the practice of medicine and all physicians should know more about dentistry." Much the physicians, generally speaking, know about dentistry is probably self-taught, often not learned in medical school or in postgraduate courses or from books. The other day I looked into a book entitled<i>Surgery of the Alimentary</i>
Recertification: A Good Beginning
Authors: ROBERT G. PETERSDORF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Editorials1 April 1975Recertification: A Good BeginningROBERT G. PETERSDORF, M.D., F.A.C.P.ROBERT G. PETERSDORF, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-4-583 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1970, the Board of Regents of the American College of Physicians and the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) endorsed the concept that Board-certified internists should be recertified periodically. The reasons for this action have been summarized by Frommeyer ( 1 ) and included [1] a realization that the rapidly expanding body of information made the knowledge on which original certification was based relatively obsolete; [2] the demand of certain consumer groups for evidence of continuing competence by physicians; [3] proposed legislation endorsing this stance; and [4] the announcement by at least one other specialty board that it was...References1. FROMMEYER W: Recertification: a status report. Ann Intern Med 79:441-443, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. MESKAUSKASWEBSTER JG: The American Board of Internal Medicine Recertification Examination: process and results. Ann Intern Med 82:577-581, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, Washington PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAssessing Clinical CompetenceTask force IV: Evaluation of professional competenceReading Retreat for Continuing EducationPHILLIP D. BERTRAM, M.D. 1 April 1975Volume 82, Issue 4Page: 583-584KeywordsLegislation ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Dutch tighten their rules on advertising of alcohol
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The Dutch health minister, Els Borst, has, after fierce negotiations, agreed a stricter alcohol advertising code with the powerful Netherlands drinks industry. It is aimed at protecting young people, because of evidence of increasing alcohol consumption among teenagers.

The code, covering all media and public events, bans alcohol advertising or sponsorship where more than a quarter of the viewers, readers, listeners, or visitors are aged under 18.

Alcohol advertisements …
THE ATROPHIC PHARYNX.
Authors: RALPH W. SEISS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The literature of the atrophic stage of chronic pharyngitis may be generally classed under the term vague. Writers appear to know or care nothing about the pathologic anatomy of the condition and its relationship to other forms of pharyngeal inflammation seems to be generally ignored. The old term "pharyngitis sicca" is a clinical one, used at random for any form of dryness of the pharyngeal mucous membrane, and bears no relation to any definite form of disease. All types of simple chronic inflammation of the pharynx tend to progress into the atrophic form. What might be called the average type of chronic pharyngitis is characterized by the enlargement of the lymph-glands, giving the so-called follicles, by dilatation of the superficial blood-vessels, and especially by the formation of small masses of granulation tissue, which are usually situated immediately behind the posterior half arches of the palate. Atrophic areas, showing as sunken,
Effect of Hypothermia on the Tolerance of Dogs to Digitalis
Authors: EZRA J. BEYDA, MAREK JUNG, SAMUEL BELLET
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

The tolerance to digitalis was studied in eight dogs during hypothermia and compared to that of six normothermic animals. The average lethal dose of Digoxin for the dog under hypothermia was found to be approximately double that of the normothermic dog. Thus, hypothermia significantly increases the tolerance of the drug. The possible explanation for this finding is discussed. It appears that hypothermia, by its direct effect on myocardial metabolism, might counteract the toxic effects of digitalis. Potassium, affected by both hypothermia and digitalis, is also a possible factor. The clinical implications of this finding are discussed.
Scintigraphic Findings in Angiosarcoma of the Skull
Authors: DAVID T. VOLARICH, MICHAEL D. IMPEY, RODNEY ROUTSONG, RAYMOND F. COHEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A 38-year-old right-handed man was admitted for evaluation of a rapidly enlarging mass involving the left parietal calvarium, which had been present for 14 months. He was asymptomatic otherwise. Neurologic examination was unremarkable. The mass was ultimately biopsied, and the final diagnosis was angiosarcoma of bone.
Pre-hospital treatment with abciximab in acute myocardial infarction with direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Authors: B. Glatt, P. Guyon, B. Chevalier, T. Royer, T. Jullien, B. Hennequin, C. Herlin, J.L. Sebbah, F. Belotte, G. Dambrin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Impacts Myeloid-Derived Regulatory Cell Function and Exacerbates Airway Hyper-Responsiveness
Authors: Jessy Deshane, Toni Jin, Aisha Farhana, Jason Freeman, Kim Estell, Jaroslaw Zmijewski, Victor Thannickal, Lisa M. Schwiebert, Andries Steyn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Trends in the Prevalence of Hypertension, Antihypertensive Therapy, and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy from 1950 to 1989
Authors: Arend Mosterd, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Halit Silbershatz, Pamela A. Sytkowski, William B. Kannel, Diederick E. Grobbee, Daniel Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Men and women with hypertension are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease, especially when left ventricular hypertrophy is present. We examined temporal trends in the use of antihypertensive medications and studied the relation between their use, the prevalence of high blood pressure, and the presence of electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy.A total of 10,333 participants in the Framingham Heart Study who were 45 to 74 years of age underwent a total of 51,756 examinations from 1950 to 1989. Data were obtained on blood pressure and the use of antihypertensive medications, and electrocardiograms were assessed for left ventricular hypertrophy. The generalized-estimating-equation method was used to test for trends over time.From 1950 to 1989, the rate of use of antihypertensive medications increased from 2.3 percent to 24.6 percent among men and from 5.7 percent to 27.7 percent among women. The age-adjusted prevalence of systolic blood pressure of at least 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 100 mm Hg declined from 18.5 percent to 9.2 percent among men and from 28.0 percent to 7.7 percent among women. This decline was accompanied by age-adjusted reductions in the prevalence of electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, from 4.5 percent to 2.5 percent among men and from 3.6 percent to 1.1 percent among women.Our findings support the notion that the increasing use of antihypertensive medication has resulted in a reduced prevalence of high blood pressure and a concomitant decline in left ventricular hypertrophy in the general population. Our observations may in part explain the considerable decline in mortality from cardiovascular disease observed since the late 1960s.
Gm and Km allotypes in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P A Sanders, G G de Lange, P A Dyer, D M Grennan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Immunoglobulin heavy chain (Gm) and kappa light chain (Km) allotype and phenotype frequencies were compared in 173 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in 798 controls. No significant differences were found between allotype or phenotype frequencies in overall RA and control groups. However, the Gm(zaxfngb) phenotype and G1m(x) allotype were increased in HLA-DR4 positive RA patients compared with DR4 negative patients and controls, suggesting that immunoglobulin heavy chain genes interact with HLA in the pathogenesis of RA. All four patients with pulmonary fibrosis were Km(1) positive suggesting a possible role for immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis found in rheumatoid patients.
A Novel H+ Conductance in Eosinophils
Authors: Botond Bánfi, Jacques Schrenzel, Oliver Nüsse, Daniel P. Lew, Erzsébet Ligeti, Karl-Heinz Krause, Nicolas Demaurex
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Efficient mechanisms of H+ ion extrusion are crucial for normal NADPH oxidase function. However, whether the NADPH oxidase—in analogy with mitochondrial cytochromes—has an inherent H+ channel activity remains uncertain: electrophysiological studies did not find altered H+ currents in cells from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), challenging earlier reports in intact cells. In this study, we describe the presence of two different types of H+ currents in human eosinophils. The “classical” H+ current had properties similar to previously described H+ conductances and was present in CGD cells. In contrast, the “novel” type of H+ current had not been described previously and displayed unique properties: (a) it was absent in cells from gp91- or p47-deficient CGD patients; (b) it was only observed under experimental conditions that allowed NADPH oxidase activation; (c) because of its low threshold of voltage activation, it allowed proton influx and cytosolic acidification; (d) it activated faster and deactivated with slower and distinct kinetics than the classical H+ currents; and (e) it was ∼20-fold more sensitive to Zn2+ and was blocked by the histidine-reactive agent, diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC). In summary, our results demonstrate that the NADPH oxidase or a closely associated protein provides a novel type of H+ conductance during phagocyte activation. The unique properties of this conductance suggest that its physiological function is not restricted to H+ extrusion and repolarization, but might include depolarization, pH-dependent signal termination, and determination of the phagosomal pH set point.
P517 EFFECTS OF SAPROPTERIN ON PORTAL AND SYSTEMIC HEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION: A BICENTRIC DOUBLE-BLIND PLACEBO CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: E. Reverter, F. Mesonero, S. Seijo, J. Martínez, J.G. Abraldes, B. Peñas, A. Berzigotti, J. Bosch, A. Albillos, J.C. García-Pagán
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
School absence, academic accommodation and health-related quality of life in adolescents with sport-related concussion
Authors: John T Parsons, R Curtis Bay, Tamara C Valovich McLeod
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Objective Determine school absence and accommodation frequency, accommodation type, and relationship to health-related quality of life (HRQOL), following concussion. Design Repeated measures. Setting Secondary schools. Patients or Other Participants Athletes with diagnosed concussion (n=149; males=130, females=19, age=15.7±1.1, grade=10.0±1.0). Interventions Sport-Concussion Assessment Tool-2 (SCAT2), a general survey, paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, and Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) were administered on date of injury (DOI), and days 3(D3), 10(D10), and 30(D30) post-injury. The general survey captured academic absence and accommodation occurrences and accommodation type. Main Outcome Measures Dependent variables: school absence; academic accommodation; and, type of accommodation received. Descriptive and Mann-Whitney U analyses were employed. Results Of 143 patients: 28% (n=40) missed school, 16.1% (n=23) received academic accommodations, and 7.7% (n=11) experienced both. The most frequent accommodation was shorter school day (n=9 (39%)). Those requiring accommodations: missed more school, had lower D3 physical, psychosocial, and school functioning, and PedsQL total score; and had higher D30 HIT6 score (all p&lt;0.05). Those with school absences had: more problems with DOI balance, slowness, fatigue, confusion, drowsiness, sleep, irritability, symptom severity and endorsement (all p&lt;0.05); lower (all p&lt;0.05) DOI SCAT2 total score D3 physical, psychosocial, and school functioning, PedsQL total score and sleep fatigue and higher D10 HIT6 total. Conclusions Results suggest that SRC-induced school absence and accommodations are related to declines in DOI and D3 HRQOL and increased symptom severity. Further research should explore the predictive value of these measures to future academic disruption. Acknowledgements This study was funded by a grant from the National Operating Committee for Standards on Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE). Competing interests None.
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor expression in hepatic stellate cells: How too much of a good thing can be bad
Authors: Massimo Pinzani
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

A consistent response to liver injury is the activation of resident mesenchymal cells known as lipocytes (Ito, fat-storing cells) into a proliferating cell type. In cultured lipocytes, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is the most potent proliferative cytokine, but requires the activation-dependent expression of its receptor protein (Friedman, S. L., and M. J. P. Arthur. 1989. J. Clin. Invest. 84:1780–1785); the role of PDGF receptor (PDGFR) in liver injury is unknown. We have examined PDGFR gene expression in freshly isolated lipocytes during liver injury and correlated these findings with a culture model of cellular activation. Whereas lipocytes from normal rats had no detectable transcript for the β-PDGFR subunit, this mRNA was induced within 1 h after a dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCI4). In contrast, subunit mRNA was detected in normal cells, but was unchanged after liver injury. Similar results were observed in lipocytes from bile duct-obstructed rats, although β-PDGFR induction was less marked. By immunoblot, induction of β-PDGFR protein in lipocytes isolated from CCI2-treated animals correlated with mRNA increases. In contrast to lipocytes, endothelial cells from normal liver expressed low levels of a- and β-receptor subunit mRNA, which did not increase with injury. Using a P-PDGFR antibody, receptor protein could be identified within fibrotic septa in CCI2-treated animals in regions where cells expressed proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In cultured lipocytes activated by growth on uncoated plastic, PPDGFR transcripts appeared within 3 d after plating, which coincided with the onset of cellular proliferation. In contrast, quiescent cells in suspension culture had no detectable β-PDGFR mRNA. These results indicate that β-PDGF receptor induction by lipocytes is an early event during hepatic injury in uiuo and in primary culture. (J. Clin. Invest. 1994; 94:1563–1569.)
CORONARY CALCIFICATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ANGIOSCOPIC INTIMAL YELLOW PLAQUE DISPOSITION
Authors: Atsuko Imai, Sei Komatsu, Tomoki Ohara, Teruaki Kamata, Jyunichi Yoshida, Kazuaki Miyaji, Yoshinobu Shimizu, Mitsuhiko Takewa, Kazuhisa Kodama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
"IRRADIATION AS A POSSIBLE TREATMENT OF THE DENTAL ROOT 'ABSCESS'"
Authors: Robert Burns
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The report of Bloodgood (The Journal, June 7), setting forth the improvement in a "possible large dental abscess" following the use of the roentgen ray, is interesting and merits full investigation. It is difficult to understand, however, how such practice can afford the hope of safely retaining the teeth. The clinical history and roentgenographic evidence offered by Bloodgood do not suffice to determine the etiology of the particular lesion treated. Dental abscesses are due usually to death of the pulp following caries leading to infection. Also, pulps may die in perfectly sound teeth as the result of trauma. There is, moreover, the possibility of a blood-borne infection carried from a distant focus. The presence of other dead teeth in the mouth would be very suggestive in such circumstances. Finally, pyorrheal abscesses frequently cause areas of rarefaction, as described in the report. It is essential in every instance