tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Minimal Residual Disease Values Discriminate Between Low and High Relapse Risk in Children With B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and an Intrachromosomal Amplification of Chromosome 21: The Austrian and German Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (ALL-BFM) Trials
Authors: Andishe Attarbaschi, Georg Mann, Renate Panzer-Grümayer, Silja Röttgers, Manuel Steiner, Margit König, Eva Csinady, Michael N. Dworzak, Markus Seidel, Dasa Janousek, Anja Möricke, Carsten Reichelt, Jochen Harbott, Martin Schrappe, Helmut Gadner, Oskar A. Haas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

We aimed to identify relapse predictors in children with a B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and an intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21), a novel genetic entity associated with poor outcome.We screened 1,625 patients who were enrolled onto the Austrian and German ALL-Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (ALL-BFM) trials 86, 90, 95, and 2000 with ETV6/RUNX1-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization probes, and we identified 29 patient cases (2%) who had an iAMP21. Minimal residual disease (MRD) was quantified with clone-specific immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements.Twenty-five patients were good responders to prednisone, and all achieved remission after induction therapy. Eleven patients experienced relapse, which included eight who experienced relapse after cessation of front-line therapy. Six-year event-free and overall survival rates were 37% +/- 14% and 66% +/- 11%, respectively. Results of MRD analysis were available in 24 (83%) of 29 patients: nine (37.5%) belonged to the low-risk, 14 (58.5%) to the intermediate-risk, and one (4%) to the high-risk group. MRD results were available in 8 of 11 patients who experienced a relapse. Seven occurred among the 14 intermediate-risk patients, and one occurred in the high-risk patient.The overall and early relapse rates in the BFM study were lower than that in a previous United Kingdom Medical Research Council/Childhood Leukemia Working Party study (38% v 61% and 27% v 47%, respectively), which might result from more intensive induction and early reintensification therapy in the ALL-BFM protocols. MRD values were the only reliable parameter to discriminate between a low and high risk of relapse (P = .02).
Correlation of Visco-Elastic Properties of Large Arteries with Microscopic Structure
Authors: JULIA T. APTER, ELSA MARQUEZ
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

Nine aortas from recently killed dogs were sectioned into 21 or more ring segments supported horizontally on two hooks in Ringer's solution. One hook oscillated sinusoidally from .01 to 21 Hz to stretch the segments 1.2% in excess of 4 or more mean strain levels from 5 to 100%. The segments were kept at 4 temperature levels (0°, 20°, 37°, 60°C). The other hook was coupled to a force transducer. At frequencies below 1 Hz, the force registered was sinusoidal with the same frequency as the stretch which it led, unless the specimen contained demonstrably contracted smooth muscle; then the stress was nonlinear and lagged behind the strain at frequencies below .05 Hz. As frequencies rose above 1 Hz, the force amplitude rose to a maximum, resonating at frequency ω r , which was higher at higher initial strains. Concurrently the phase shift increased to 90° at another frequency ω 90 . When ω 90 = ω r , viscous losses were negligible, a fact confirmed by other data in this and other studies and generally implicating collagen. When ω 90 &gt; ω r , viscous losses were appreciable, in agreement with other measurements and implicating either muscle or elastin. These two wall components could be distinguished from each other by responses to drugs and to changes in temperature. Absolute dynamic modulus, storage modulus, loss modulus, phase shift, and loss angle measured from stress-strain loops compared favorably with similar measurements published for other visco-elastic materials and with viscous and elastic constants obtained from stress-relaxation experiments on aorta.
Long-Term Follow-Up of a Large Active Surveillance Cohort of Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Laurence Klotz, Danny Vesprini, Perakaa Sethukavalan, Vibhuti Jethava, Liying Zhang, Suneil Jain, Toshihiro Yamamoto, Alexandre Mamedov, Andrew Loblaw
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Active surveillance is increasingly accepted as a treatment option for favorable-risk prostate cancer. Long-term follow-up has been lacking. In this study, we report the long-term outcome of a large active surveillance protocol in men with favorable-risk prostate cancer.In a prospective single-arm cohort study carried out at a single academic health sciences center, 993 men with favorable- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer were managed with an initial expectant approach. Intervention was offered for a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time of less than 3 years, Gleason score progression, or unequivocal clinical progression. Main outcome measures were overall and disease-specific survival, rate of treatment, and PSA failure rate in the treated patients.Among the 819 survivors, the median follow-up time from the first biopsy is 6.4 years (range, 0.2 to 19.8 years). One hundred forty-nine (15%) of 993 patients died, and 844 patients are alive (censored rate, 85.0%). There were 15 deaths (1.5%) from prostate cancer. The 10- and 15-year actuarial cause-specific survival rates were 98.1% and 94.3%, respectively. An additional 13 patients (1.3%) developed metastatic disease and are alive with confirmed metastases (n = 9) or have died of other causes (n = 4). At 5, 10, and 15 years, 75.7%, 63.5%, and 55.0% of patients remained untreated and on surveillance. The cumulative hazard ratio for nonprostate-to-prostate cancer mortality was 9.2:1.Active surveillance for favorable-risk prostate cancer is feasible and seems safe in the 15-year time frame. In our cohort, 2.8% of patients have developed metastatic disease, and 1.5% have died of prostate cancer. This mortality rate is consistent with expected mortality in favorable-risk patients managed with initial definitive intervention.
Plasma Prolactin Concentrations and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
Authors: Shelley S. Tworoger, A. Heather Eliassen, Bernard Rosner, Patrick Sluss, Susan E. Hankinson
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Prolactin is important in human breast development, and substantial laboratory and in vitro data suggest a role in mammary carcinogenesis. Therefore, we conducted a prospective case-control study nested within the Nurses’ Health Study cohort to examine, in detail, the association between plasma prolactin concentrations and postmenopausal breast cancer by cancer invasiveness, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status, and other subject characteristics, including postmenopausal hormone use. Blood samples were collected from 1989 to 1990 and prolactin was measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay. The analysis included 851 cases of postmenopausal breast cancer diagnosed after blood collection and before June 2000, in which there were one or two controls (n = 1,275) matched on age, postmenopausal hormone use, fasting status, and time of day and month of blood collection. Prolactin was associated with a modestly increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer [relative risk, top versus bottom quartile, 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.76; P-trend = 0.01]. The association differed by estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status (P-heterogeneity = 0.03). The relative risk was 1.78 (95% CI, 1.28, 2.50; P-trend &amp;lt; 0.001) for estrogen receptor+/progesterone receptor+, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.43, 1.32; P-trend = 0.28) for estrogen receptor−/progesterone receptor−, and 1.94 (95% CI, 0.99, 3.78; P-trend = 0.12) for estrogen receptor+/progesterone receptor− breast cancers. Associations generally were similar for ductal and lobular carcinomas (P-heterogeneity = 0.43) and by tumor size (P-heterogeneity = 0.24). Among estrogen receptor+/progesterone receptor+ cancers, the association did not significantly differ by postmenopausal hormone use, years between blood draw and diagnosis, or after adjustment for estradiol (relative risk, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.16, 3.22; P-trend = 0.01). Our prospective data suggest that plasma prolactin concentrations are associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly for estrogen receptor+/progesterone receptor+ cancers, and independently of estradiol.
Thrombosis of the Superior Vena Cava
Authors: E. T. Renbourn
Journal: Thorax (1946)

Complete thrombotic occlusion of the superior vena cava is rare.Ochsner and Dixon (1936) in a review of the world literature were able to collect 120 cases, of which only 10 could be termed idiopathic.The following is a case which was of exceptional interest in that there were very few symptoms, and the condition ,h.d been present for nearly 50 years. CASE REPORTA single woman, aged 65, was seen in August, 1940, on account of swelling of the left arm and hand.PAST HISTORY.-As a girl she had always been healthy.Large veins had been present in her neck, chest, and abdomen as long as she could remember.They were certainly present when she was 12 years of age, and probably when she was 8 years or younger.The veins did not appear suddenly, and she did not remember ever having had swelling or blueness of the face.As she grew older the veins increased in size, but she did not think that any new ones appeared.The condition of her veins never caused her any inconveni- ence.Varicose veins appeared in her legs after the age of 30, this condition being very common in her family.At the age of 45 a movable lump appeared in her left breast, and the breast was amputated.Soon after the operation large veins appeared in the operation scar and persisted.She had never been short of breath, rarely had a cough, and had always done her own housework.The swelling of the arm appeared suddenly about a month previously and was first noticed on awakening in the morning.She had not injured the arm in any way.Massage and electrical treatment at hospital had not produced
A SPLINT FOR FRACTURED SHAFT OF THE FEMUR
Authors: H. E. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (1918)

Liston.For the sling loop is so oblique that it does not cross these vessels at all.) 10.Level the stretcher.Tie a bandage round pelvis and stretcher.Lay a rifle, bolt removed, along the outside of the lirab to steady it.Bandage it in position.The patient is now ready for his journey.
Reversibility with Interleukin-2 Suggests that T Cell Anergy Contributes to Donor-Specific Hyporesponsiveness in Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Wan Fai Ng, Maria Hernandez-Fuentes, Richard Baker, Afzal Chaudhry, Robert I. Lechler
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. Data from various rodent models have implicated a role for anergic T cells in the maintenance of self and transplantation tolerance. The relevance of donor-specific T cell anergy to clinical transplantation, however, has not been demonstrated. Previous studies have reported that recipients of solid organ transplant often have reduced frequencies of CD4+ T cells with anti-donor direct pathway allospecificity after transplantation. The underlying mechanism(s) of this donor-specific hyporesponsiveness is unclear but likely to contribute to the diminished immunosuppressive requirement of transplant patients with time after transplantation. This study shows that ex vivo treatment of CD4+ T cells from renal transplant recipients with IL-2 could specifically increase the anti-donor frequency in all the patients with evidence of donor-specific hyporesponsiveness. It also shows that the IL-2–induced recovery of anti-donor frequency is unlikely to result from nonspecific stimulation or selective clonal expansion of activated, allospecific CD4+ T cells. Taken together, the data suggest that T cell anergy plays an important role in the direct pathway hyporesponsiveness that evolves in many human renal transplant recipients.
Autoimmune type 1 diabetes: resolved and unresolved issues
Authors: Abner Louis Notkins, Åke Lernmark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Autoimmune diseasesType 1 diabetes, also known as either juvenile diabetes (because of the early age of onset) or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (because of the clinical need for insulin), is now widely thought to be an organ-specific autoimmune disease.Here we wish to summarize some generally accepted facts about this disease and then give our perspectives on unresolved issues surrounding prediction, pathogenesis, and treatment.In particular, we will discuss markers of the disease, such as autoantibodies against pancreatic islet cell antigens.
A Versatile and Highly Efficient Toolkit Including 102 Nuclear Markers for Vertebrate Phylogenomics, Tested by Resolving the Higher Level Relationships of the Caudata
Authors: Xing Xing Shen, Dan Liang, Yan Jie Feng, Meng Yun Chen, Peng Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

Resolving difficult nodes for any part of the vertebrate tree of life often requires analyzing a large number of loci. Developing molecular markers that are workable for the groups of interest is often a bottleneck in phylogenetic research. Here, on the basis of a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy, we present a universal toolkit including 102 nuclear protein-coding locus (NPCL) markers for vertebrate phylogenomics. The 102 NPCL markers have a broad range of evolutionary rates, which makes them useful for a wide range of time depths. The new NPCL toolkit has three important advantages compared with all previously developed NPCL sets: 1) the kit is universally applicable across vertebrates, with a PCR success rate of 94.6% in 16 widely divergent tested vertebrate species; 2) more than 90% of PCR reactions produce strong and single bands of the expected sizes that can be directly sequenced; and 3) all cleanup PCR reactions can be sequenced with only two specific universal primers. To test its actual phylogenetic utility, 30 NPCLs from this toolkit were used to address the higher level relationships of living salamanders. Of the 639 target PCR reactions performed on 19 salamanders and several outgroup species, 632 (98.9%) were successful, and 602 (94.1%) were directly sequenced. Concatenation and species-tree analyses on this 30-locus data set produced a fully resolved phylogeny and showed that Cryptobranchoidea (Cryptobranchidae + Hynobiidae) branches first within the salamander tree, followed by Sirenidae. Our experimental tests and our demonstration for a particular case show that our NPCL toolkit is a highly reliable, fast, and cost-effective approach for vertebrate phylogenomic studies and thus has the potential to accelerate the completion of many parts of the vertebrate tree of life.
Efficacy of pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions in breast cancer patients
Authors: T. Hirata, K. Yonemori, A. Hirakawa, C. Shimizu, K. Tamura, M. Ando, N. Katsumata, M. Tanimoto, Y. Fujiwara
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

This study retrospectively compared long-term outcomes between two groups of breast cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE): those receiving only systemic therapy (ST) and those receiving ST following initial pleurodesis (P-ST). We identified 180 breast cancer patients from the National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) database who had received ST and P-ST as an initial treatment for MPE between 1997 and 2008 for study inclusion. Pleural progression-free survival (PPFS) was defined as the time from ST in the ST group and from pleurodesis in the P-ST group to the first observation of pleural progression or death from any cause. Of the 180 patients, 78 received ST and 102 received P-ST after MPE diagnosis. Median duration of follow-up was 12.7 months (range 0.9–80.1 months). Median PPFS for the ST group and the P-ST group was 4.1 and 8.5 months, respectively. The difference in PPFS between the two groups was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001) and the hazard ratio after adjusting for prognostic factors in the P-ST group relative to the ST group was 0.24. Our results suggest that the efficacy of P-ST may be superior to that of ST alone with respect to local control of pleural effusions in breast cancer patients.
In vitro PUVA radiation abolishes fluorescent staining with epidermal cell and basement membrane zone markers
Authors: K. DANNO, T. HORIO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) plus long‐wave ultraviolet (UV‐A) light irradiation (PUVA) had a direct effect on the expression of epidermal cell and basement membrane zone (BMZ) markers without altering intracellular metabolic pathways. Cryostat sections of guinea‐pig skin were covered with an 8‐MOP solution and irradiated in vitro with UV‐A light. Treated sections were stained subsequently with various membrane markers including pemphigus sera, pemphigoid sera (BMZ marker) and a group of biotin‐labellcd lectins (Concanavalin‐A, peanut agglutinin, soybean agglutinin, Ulex europeus agglutinin (UEA) and wheat germ agglutinin). Fluorescent staining with all reagents except for UEA was reduced appreciably in intensity by PUVA radiation at higher energy doses (20 μ/ml of 8‐MOP plus 20–30 J/cm2 of UV‐A). Radiation with lower energy doses did not affect membrane marker staining. Weakened or abolished marker staining was restored to normal when scavengers of oxygen intermediates such as superoxide dismutase (540–5400 units/ml) or sodium azide (10–200 mM) were added to the 8‐MOP solution during UV‐A irradiation. UEA staining was negative in both PUVA‐ irradiated and untreated guinea‐pig skin. PUVA at higher energy doses appeared to cause tissue damage by photodynamic reactions, resulting in decrease in membrane marker staining.
Simultaneous Voltage and Calcium Mapping of Genetically Purified Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiac Myocyte Monolayers
Authors: Peter Lee, Matt Klos, Christian Bollensdorff, Luqia Hou, Paul Ewart, Timothy J. Kamp, Jianhua Zhang, Alexandra Bizy, Guadalupe Guerrero-Serna, Peter Kohl, José Jalife, Todd J. Herron
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) offer a powerful in vitro tool to investigate disease mechanisms and to perform patient-specific drug screening. To date, electrophysiological analysis of iPSC-CMs has been limited to single-cell recordings or low-resolution microelectrode array mapping of small cardiomyocyte aggregates. New methods of generating and optically mapping impulse propagation of large human iPSC-CM cardiac monolayers are needed.Our first aim was to develop an imaging platform with versatility for multiparameter electrophysiological mapping of cardiac preparations, including human iPSC-CM monolayers. Our second aim was to create large electrically coupled human iPSC-CM monolayers for simultaneous action potential and calcium wave propagation measurements.A fluorescence imaging platform based on electronically controlled light-emitting diode illumination, a multiband emission filter, and single camera sensor was developed and utilized to monitor simultaneously action potential and intracellular calcium wave propagation in cardiac preparations. Multiple, large-diameter (≥1 cm), electrically coupled human cardiac monolayers were then generated that propagated action potentials and calcium waves at velocities similar to those commonly observed in rodent cardiac monolayers.The multiparametric imaging system presented here offers a scalable enabling technology to measure simultaneously action potential and intracellular calcium wave amplitude and dynamics of cardiac monolayers. The advent of large-scale production of human iPSC-CMs makes it possible to now generate sufficient numbers of uniform cardiac monolayers that can be utilized for the study of arrhythmia mechanisms and offers advantages over commonly used rodent models.
Differential Retinoic Acid Signaling in Tumors of Long- and Short-term Glioblastoma Survivors
Authors: Sebastian Barbus, Björn Tews, Daniela Karra, Meinhard Hahn, Bernhard Radlwimmer, Nicolas Delhomme, Christian Hartmann, Jörg Felsberg, Dietmar Krex, Gabriele Schackert, Ramon Martinez, Guido Reifenberger, Peter Lichter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2011)

Although the prognosis of most glioblastoma patients is poor, 3%–5% patients show long-term survival of 36 months or longer after diagnosis. To study the differences in activation of biochemical pathways, we performed mRNA and protein expression analyses of primary glioblastoma tissues from 11 long-term survivors (LTS; overall survival ≥ 36 months) and 12 short-term survivors (STS; overall survival ≤ 6 months). The mRNA expression ratio of the retinoic acid transporters fatty acid–binding protein 5 (FABP5) and cellular retinoic acid–binding protein 2 (CRABP2), which regulate the differential delivery of retinoic acid to either antioncogenic retinoic acid receptors or prooncogenic nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor delta, was statistically significantly higher in the tumor tissues of STS than those of LTS (median ratio in STS tumors = 3.64, 10th–90th percentile = 1.43–4.54 vs median ratio in LTS tumors = 1.42, 10th–90th percentile = −0.98 to 2.59; P < .001). High FABP5 protein expression in STS tumors was associated with highly proliferating tumor cells and activation of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog. The data suggest that retinoic acid signaling activates different targets in glioblastomas from LTS and STS. All statistical tests were two-sided.
Poly(?,?-lactide) foams modified by poly(ethylene oxide)–block–poly(?,?-lactide) copolymers and a-FGF: in vitro and in vivo evaluation for spinal cord regeneration
Authors: Véronique Maquet, Didier Martin, Félix Scholtes, Rachelle Franzen, Jean Schoenen, Gustave Moonen, Robert Jérôme
Journal: Biomaterials (2001)
Costs for hospital care, drugs and lost work days in incident and prevalent rheumatoid arthritis: how large, and how are they distributed?
Authors: Jonas K Eriksson, Kari Johansson, Johan Askling, Martin Neovius
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the costs related to hospital care, drug use and work loss in prevalent and incident patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to describe their distribution. <h3>Methods</h3> A cohort of prevalent patients with RA ≥18 years on Jan 1, 2010, was identified from the Swedish National Patient Register (requiring ≥2 visits listing RA) and the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register, and followed until 31 December 2010. From the same registers, patients with the 1st visit listing RA in 2009, with a 2nd visit within 1 year, were identified to the incident cohort, and were followed for 1 year. Five sex-matched, age-matched, education-matched and county-matched general population comparators were sampled per patient with RA. Costs were retrieved from national registers. <h3>Results</h3> The mean annual cost, including productivity losses per patients with RA (n=49 829) aged 18–64 years was €23 147 versus €8364 (median €15 059 vs €277) per comparator. In patients with RA ≥65 years, the mean healthcare cost was €6438 versus €2773 (median €2458 vs €677) per comparator. 13% of the patients accounted for 50% of the cost. For the incident patients with RA (n=2695), the mean monthly cost increased from a level close to the comparators 1 year before register identification (18–64 years: €736 vs €644; ≥65 years: €192 vs €178), peaked the month following the identification date, and decreased to twice the cost of the comparators 1 year after diagnosis (18–64 years: €1252 vs €628; ≥65 years: €487 vs €230). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The mean annual cost in patients with established RA, and mean monthly cost in newly diagnosed patients with RA, were 2–3 times higher than in the general population.