tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Size at birth and blood pressure: cross sectional study in 8-11 year old children
Authors: S. J C Taylor, P. H Whincup, D. G Cook, O. Papacosta, M. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To identify which patterns of fetal growth, represented by different measurements of size at birth, are associated with increased blood pressure in children aged 8-11 years. <b>Design and setting:</b> School based, cross sectional survey conducted in 10 towns in England and Wales in 1994. <b>Subjects:</b> 3010 singleton children (response rate 75%) with physical measurements and information on birth weight from parental questionnaires. Hospital birth records were examined for 1573. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Systolic and diastolic blood pressure at age 8-11 years. <b>Results:</b> In the whole group birth weight was inversely related to systolic pressure (regression coefficient -1.48 mm Hg/kg; 95% confidence interval -2.20 to -0.76) after adjustment for current body size. There was no significant association between birth weight and diastolic pressure. The association with systolic pressure was much stronger in girls (-2.54 mm Hg/kg; -3.60 to -1.48) than in boys (-0.64 mm Hg/kg; -1.58 to 0.30), with a significant difference between the sexes (P=0.006). Among the other neonatal measures, head circumference and placental weight were inversely associated with subsequent blood pressure in girls, and placental ratio (placental weight:birth weight) was positively associated with blood pressure in boys. Neither ponderal index at birth nor length:head circumference ratio was related to blood pressure in either sex. <b>Conclusions:</b> In these contemporary children the association between birth weight and blood pressure was apparent only in girls. There was no evidence that measures of size at birth, which may be related to nutrition at critical periods of pregnancy (thinness at birth or shortness in relation to head circumference), are related to blood pressure in the offspring. <h3>Key messages</h3> This study confirms the well established inverse association between birth weight and childhood blood pressure, but there seems to be a strong difference between the sexes towards the end of the first decade of life—the association being strong in girls and weak or absent in boys Only highly correlated, simple measures of size at birth seem to be associated with blood pressure in girls; more complex measures of size at birth, including ponderal index and shortness in association to head circumference, are not associated with childhood blood pressure in either sex at 8-11 years The association between placental weight and placental ratio and blood pressure in children of 8-11 years is inconsistent These findings do not support the hypothesis that fetal undernutrition "programmes" raise blood pressure in the second and third trimesters Current body size is a much more important determinant of blood pressure in childhood than size at birth
Surveillance, control and management of infections in intensive care units in Southern Europe, Turkey and Iran – A prospective multicenter point prevalence study
Authors: Hakan Erdem, Asuman Inan, Selma Altındis, Biljana Carevic, Mehrdad Askarian, Lucy Cottle, Bojana Beovic, Akos Csomos, Krassimir Metodiev, Sead Ahmetagic, Arjan Harxhi, Lul Raka, Krsto Grozdanovski, Mihai Nechifor, Emine Alp, Fatma Bozkurt, Salih Hosoglu, Ismail Balik, Gulden Yilmaz, Matjaz Jereb, Fatemeh Moradi, Nikolay Petrov, Selcuk Kaya, Iftihar Koksal, Turan Aslan, Nazif Elaldi, Yasemin Akkoyunlu, Seyyed Alireza Moravveji, Gabor Csato, Balazs Szedlak, Filiz Akata, Serkan Oncu, Svjetlana Grgic, Gorana Cosic, Chavdar Stefanov, Mehrdad Farrokhnia, Mária Müller, Catalina Luca, Nada Koluder, Volkan Korten, Viliyan Platikanov, Petja Ivanova, Soheil Soltanipour, Mahmood Vakili, Saman Farahangiz, Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh, Nicholas Beeching, Salman Shaheer Ahmed, Alma Cami, Ramin Shiraly, Anja Jazbec, Tomislav Mirkovic, Hakan Leblebicioglu, Kurt Naber
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
Giant Splenic Hemangioma
Authors: MICHELE LICHT, LORI GOFFNER, ELIZABETH YUNG, MAN HON, DOUGLAS S. KATZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

PURPOSE: To assess the use of a Tc-99m erythrocyte-labeled SPECT scan to characterize a giant splenic hemangioma. METHODS: A patient clinically mistaken to have a myelodysplastic disorder underwent a contrast-enhanced CT followed by a Tc-99m erythrocyte-labeled SPECT scan. RESULTS: CT showed a heterogeneous vascular lesion arising in the spleen. Percutaneous biopsy was nondiagnostic. A Tc-99m erythrocyte-labeled SPECT study revealed findings consistent with a giant splenic hemangioma, which was subsequently confirmed at surgery. CONCLUSION: A Tc-99m erythrocyte-labeled SPECT scan may be very useful in confirming the diagnosis of a large or giant splenic hemangioma.
Enhanced heterogeneity of myocardial conduction and severe cardiac electrical instability in annexin A7-deficient mice
Authors: J SCHRICKEL, K BRIXIUS, C HERR, C CLEMEN, P SASSE, K REETZ, C GROHE, R MEYER, K TIEMANN, R SCHRODER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Annexin A7 is involved in cardiomyocyte membrane organization and Ca(2+)-dependent signalling processes. We investigated the impact of annexin A7 on cardiac electrophysiological properties using an annexin A7-deficient mouse strain (annexin A7(-/-)).Nineteen adult annexin A7(-/-) and 14 wild-type mice were examined electrophysiologically in vivo by transvenous catheterization. Hearts were additionally perfused by the Langendorff method and epicardial activation mapping was performed.The susceptibility to induction of atrial fibrillation was elevated in annexin A7(-/-) mice. Ten deficient animals showed atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes > or =1 min and sustained AF > or =30 min was observed in 4 annexin A7(-/-) mice, but in none of the wild-type mice. The incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) was higher in annexin A7(-/-) mice and VT duration was prolonged. Epicardial mapping showed elevated anisotropy and inhomogeneity of conduction, leading to conduction blocks in the deficient mice. Besides alterations of intracellular calcium homeostasis, electron microscopy showed a homogeneous, electron-dense material that filled the myocardial intercellular compartments and accumulated at the basement membranes. This led to expansion of the extracellular spaces, which was the most probable substrate factor responsible for the disturbances of electrical communication.Annexin A7 deficiency causes severe electrical instability in the murine heart, including conduction disturbances and anisotropy of impulse propagation, which is accompanied by disturbed calcium handling and intercellular deposits.
Skin manifestations in congenital deficiency of leucocyte-adherence glycoproteins (CDLG)
Authors: P.C.M. KERKHOF, C.M.R. WEEMAES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

In congenital deficiency of leucocyte-adherence glycoproteins (CDLG) there is an immunodeficiency with impaired leucocyte function and cutaneous and extracutaneous infections occur. In more than 30% of cases the condition has a fatal course. We report the skin manifestations of three siblings with CDLG in which areas of skin necrosis occurred that resembled pyoderma gangrenosum.
Treatment of Hyperoxaluria with Cholestyramine in Patients with Regional Enteritis.
Authors: J. Q. Stauffer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Treatment of Hyperoxaluria with Cholestyramine in Patients with Regional Enteritis.J. Q. Stauffer, M.D., M. H. Humphreys, M.D., G. J. Weir, M.D., F.A.C.P.J. Q. Stauffer, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. H. Humphreys, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, G. J. Weir, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-818_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPatients with regional enteritis and resection of the terminal ileum have an increased incidence of urolithiasis; some of these patients also have elevated rates of urinary oxalate excretion. This increased excretion is thought to be related to the abnormal bile salt metabolism that occurs in this disease. We have studied 10 patients with regional enteritis. Group A consisted of five patients with minimal or no resection of terminal ileum (mean, 9.5 cm). Group B consisted of five patients who had resections of terminal ileum ranging from 30 to 150 cm (mean, 65 cm); one of these patients also had calcium-containing... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Great Lakes, Illinois. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 818-818KeywordsBileEnteritisExcretionIleumSalts Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Leisure-Time Physical Activity Patterns in the U.S. Diabetic Population: Findings from the 1990 National Health Interview Survey—Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement
Authors: Earl S Ford, William H Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE Despite the scientific community's recognition of the importance of exercise, little is known about the epidemiology of exercise among persons with diabetes in the U.S. Our goals were to examine whether people with diabetes were more sedentary than people without diabetes, to examine the effect of activity limitations on the prevalence of exercise, and to examine whether the choice of activities differs among people with and without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined the 1990 Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement of the National Health Interview Survey to describe leisure-time physical activity patterns in a representative sample of the U.S. population with diabetes. RESULTS People with diabetes were less likely to report exercising regularly than people without this disease (34.3 ± 2.2% vs. 40.9 ± 0.5%, P &amp;lt; 0.05). When the data were stratified by activity limitation status, no significant differences were observed. People with diabetes were equally likely to have engaged in exercise in the preceding 2 weeks and to have expended ≥2,000 kcal/week as people without diabetes. Walking was the activity of choice for both groups: 49.2 ± 2.1% of people with diabetes reported walking during the previous 2 weeks compared with 44.2 ± 0.5% of people without diabetes (P &amp;lt; 0.05). People with diabetes were less likely to engage in jogging, aerobics, dancing, calisthenics, bicycling, weight lifting, several ball sports, and skiing than people without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for activity limitations and age, people with and without diabetes are equally likely to exercise. The majority of people with diabetes, like their nondiabetic counterparts, are not meeting national physical activity goals. Individuals with diabetes should be encouraged to exercise regularly in accordance with their capabilities, physical limitations, and personal interests.
Quality of care in rural hospitals
Authors: B. Behringer
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The conclusions about rural hospitals reached by Keeler et al 1 were disconcerting and somewhat misleading. In particular, I question the authors' conclusion that rural hospitals provide care that was below average compared with urban hospitals. First, the study is based on data from 1985 and 1986. Much has changed in the realm of rural hospitals during the intervening period. The data used in the study are 6 years old, and substantial changes in Medicare policies have occurred since then. The Prospective Payment Assessment Commission submitted a report to Congress in 1991, Rural Hospitals Under Medicare's PPS (prospective payment system), which found that congressional mandates had their intended effect of improving rural hospital performance. Many rural hospitals have closed, many have restructured services to better treat their patients, and legislation has been enacted that has allowed rural hospitals to upgrade services and redirect funding to projects to
OBSERVATIONS UPON THE SPECIFIC TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: P. S. ROOT
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Briefly, today the pathology of tuberculosis takes into consideration but one real causative factor, the bacillus. Yet apart from this assumption I can not disabuse my mind of the impression that we may and do have a form of phthisis in which this form of bacillus does not directly figure. Such cases are characterized by a low form of inflammatory action, a fibrosis, if you please, with little or no fever. The expectoration is mucopurulent and profuse; consolidation, usually at the base, is present, with the usual classic symptoms. I have made many examinations of the sputum of these cases, finding no bacilli. I take it that this class of cases constitutes the long-drawn-out ones, lasting perhaps for years. They are doubtless susceptible to true tubercular infection, which infection usually runs to a rapid termination. The comparative absence of fever and the failure to find the bacilli, point quite conclusively
Sildenafil Citrate, a Selective Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor:
Authors: Robert B Moreland, Irwin Goldstein, Noel N Kim, Abdulmaged Traish
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (1999)

Under normal physiological conditions, following sexual stimulation, release of nitric oxide (NO) from penile non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves and the endothelium activates guanylyl cyclase and induces intracellular cGMP synthesis in erectile tissue trabecular smooth muscle cells. Increased cGMP levels reduce intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, inhibiting smooth muscle contractility and thereby initiating the erectile response. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE type 5) is the predominant enzyme responsible for cGMP hydrolysis in trabecular smooth muscle. Activation of PDE type 5 terminates NO-induced, cGMP-mediated smooth muscle relaxation, resulting ultimately in restoration of basal smooth muscle contractility and penile flaccidity. Sildenafil citrate is a potent PDE type 5 reversible and selective inhibitor that blocks cGMP hydrolysis effectively (Ki approximately 3 nM). Under conditions of excessive adrenergic tone or impaired neurovascular status, following sexual stimulation, sildenafil acts to enhance NO-mediated smooth muscle relaxation, resulting in improved penile erection in men with erectile dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the physiology of penile erection and the pharmacology, metabolism and clinical experience with sildenafil citrate in the management of erectile dysfunction.
A MEMORABLE PATIENT
Authors: J. S M Zorab
Journal: BMJ (1996)

In 1965 I was a senior registrar in anaesthesia and was seconded to the old Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen for three months. This hospital had seemingly endless corridors and one day I was the designated resuscitation anaesthetist and so I had the resuscitation scooter, complete with rack for resuscitation equipment and a large bicycle bell. I was suddenly summoned to one of the medical wards for a patient who had had a cardiac arrest. I scooted …
The biliary epithelium presents antigens to and activates natural killer T cells
Authors: Elisabeth Schrumpf, Corey Tan, Tom H. Karlsen, Jon Sponheim, Niklas K. Björkström, Olav Sundnes, Kristian Alfsnes, Arthur Kaser, Douglas M. Jefferson, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Tor J. Eide, Guttorm Haraldsen, Sebastian Zeissig, Mark A. Exley, Richard S. Blumberg, Espen Melum
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Cholangiocytes express antigen-presenting molecules, but it has been unclear whether they can present antigens. Natural killer T (NKT) cells respond to lipid antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecule CD1d and are abundant in the liver. We investigated whether cholangiocytes express CD1d and present lipid antigens to NKT cells and how CD1d expression varies in healthy and diseased bile ducts. Murine and human cholangiocyte cell lines as well as human primary cholangiocytes expressed CD1d as determined by flow cytometry and western blotting. Murine cholangiocyte cell lines were able to present both exogenous and endogenous lipid antigens to invariant and noninvariant NKT cell hybridomas and primary NKT cells in a CD1d-dependent manner. A human cholangiocyte cell line, cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, and human primary cholangiocytes also presented exogenous CD1d-restricted antigens to invariant NKT cell clones. CD1d expression was down-regulated in the biliary epithelium of patients with late primary sclerosing cholangitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and alcoholic cirrhosis compared to healthy controls.
Noninvasive prediction of cirrhosis in C282Y-linked hemochromatosis
Authors: Melanie Beaton, Dominique Guyader, Yves Deugnier, Romain Moirand, Subrata Chakrabarti, Paul Adams
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The aim of the present study was to examine the predictive accuracy of noninvasive clinical and biochemical variables associated with cirrhosis among patients with C282Y homozygous hemochromatosis. Sixteen clinical and laboratory variables were recorded at the time of diagnosis in 193 Canadian C282Y homozygous patients. All patients underwent percutaneous liver biopsy and 27 (14%) had biopsy specimen-proven cirrhosis. Prediction of cirrhosis was assessed first by univariate regression analysis. Variables significantly related to cirrhosis were then evaluated by stepwise linear multivariate regression. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the most informative variables from multivariate analysis was then used to devise a clinically applicable index for the noninvasive prediction of cirrhosis. This index was then validated in 162 C282Y homozygous patients in France. Ferritin, blood platelets, and aspartate transaminase (AST) level were selected for the clinical index. The combination of ferritin levels of 1,000 microg/L or greater, platelet levels of 200 x 10(9)/L or less, and AST levels above the upper limit of normal led to a correct diagnosis of cirrhosis in 77% of Canadian patients. In the French patients, this led to a correct diagnosis of cirrhosis in 90%. In conclusion, in C282Y homozygous patients, a combination of easily measured laboratory variables (ferritin, platelets, AST) can be used to make the diagnosis of cirrhosis in approximately 81% of cases, reducing the need for liver biopsy.
Immunization with a Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen induces a partial immunity in monkeys.
Authors: L H Perrin, B Merkli, M S Gabra, J W Stocker, C Chizzolini, R Richle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Saimiri monkeys immunized with a Plasmodium falciparum merozoite polypeptide of 41 kD mol wt are resistant to a blood challenge infection that induces a fulminant infection in control monkeys. The sera of the immunized monkeys reacted, as shown by the indirect immunofluorescence technique, with the apical part of the merozoites from five isolates or clones of P. falciparum. Whether the immunogen was dissolved in nonionic detergent (NP-40) or in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) had a marked influence on the level of protection in immunized monkeys. Thus, monkeys immunized with the antigen solubilized in a nonionic detergent developed much lower parasitemia than monkeys immunized with denatured antigen (antigen eluted from SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis).
Drug monitoring in general practice.
Authors: D C Skegg
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The study grew out of a conversation At a cocktail party between an Oxford general practitioner, Dr Peter Pritchard, and my former chief, Sir Richard Doll. Pritchard described a system he had developed for recording prescriptions dispensed in his practice; he was sure that other general practitioners would be willing to participate in research on medicines. Doll was one of several people who had recognised that the best hope of discover? ing certain kinds of drug hazard lay in record linkage (bringing together different records about a single person).1 -? The obvious place for a monitoring scheme was in general practice, where most drugs are prescribed. But could record linkage be used to monitor adverse effects of drugs in general practice ? The only way to answer this question was to carry out a feasibility study. The idea was appealing, and I decided to take it on.
PLASTIC SURGERY OF THE RENAL PELVIS
Authors: WILLIAM C. QUINBY
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The effect of stasis in the production of renal disease is well recognized, and the frequent incidence of it as a factor in preventing the kidney from doing its work normally is acknowledged. It is only too evident that conditions of an obstructive nature in the passages bearing urine away from a kidney, if they persist, will seriously injure the kidney. In those instances, however, in which the degree of stasis is relatively slight, such injury, though definite, may be of such slow progress that if the mechanical faults can be corrected the remaining renal parenchyma will continue to function in a satisfactory manner. This is true because of the large factor of safety in respect to renal tissue with which the human body is endowed. So it is not infrequent to find instances in which the surgical response to a condition of stasis—or, as it is more commonly called,
Surgical Experiences in South Vietnam
Authors: Franklin R. Black
Journal: JAMA (1966)

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REGULATION OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE
Authors: Phillip J. Baker, Norman D. Reed, Philip W. Stashak, Diana F. Amsbaugh, Benjamin Prescott
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

The effect of treatment with antilymphocyte serum (ALS) on the magnitude of the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III) was assessed in athymic nude mice and thymus-bearing littermate controls. Without ALS treatment, the PFC response was slightly higher in nude than in control mice. Treatment with ALS had no effect on the response of nude mice; however, considerable enhancement was noted in thymus-bearing controls. Such enhancement was ALS dose-dependent and demonstrable under conditions in which there was substantial inactivation of thymic-derived "helper" cells required for an antibody response to erythrocyte antigens. These findings suggest that amplifier and suppressor cells, which have been reported to regulate the magnitude of the antibody response to SSS-III, represent populations of thymic-derived cells (T cells) that are not present in nude mice. The activities of "helper" T cells and regulatory T cells appear to be independent of one another and mediated by separate subpopulations of T cells.