tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bullous pemphigoid associated with acute glomerulonephritis
Authors: None Barnadas, None GelpÍ, None Rocamora, None BarÓ, None BallarÍN, None Nadal, None Bielsa, None ARÓstegui, None Alomar
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

We report an 82-year-old man who presented with bullous pemphigoid and who later developed an acute glomerulonephritis with the histopathological and immunofluorescence pattern of a postinfectious glomerulonephritis. Antibodies directed against 230 and 180 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigens were detected in the patient's serum by means of the immunoprecipitation technique. Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus were isolated from the patient's skin. We consider that in this particular patient the cutaneous infection played a part in the development of the kidney complication.
The sunnybrook gallstone study: A double-blind controlled trial of chenodeoxycholic acid for gallstone dissolution
Authors: Murray M. Fisher, Eve A. Roberts, Irvine E. Rosen, Theodore F. Shapero, Lloyd R. Sutherland, Robert S. Davies, Raymond Bacchus, Victor S. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

The Sunnybrook Gallstone Study was a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of chenodeoxycholic acid treatment over 2 years in 160 patients with radiolucent gallstones. Sixty-four patients received 750 mg daily, 53 received 375 mg daily and 43 received placebo. Total dissolution of gallstones occurred in 10.9% of patients on 750 mg daily, 13.2% of those on 375 mg daily and in no patient on placebo. The drug was tolerated well. Diarrhea severe enough to cause withdrawal from the study occurred in two patients. No patient developed clinically significant hepatotoxicity. Serum cholesterol rose 10% or more above baseline after 2 years in 33% of patients treated with chenodeoxycholic acid and in 30% of those on placebo. Cholecystectomy was performed in 10.9% of patients on 750 mg daily, 17% on 375 mg daily and 13.6% on placebo. Chenodeoxycholic acid given at these doses dissolved radiolucent gallstones safely but the efficacy was limited.
The B cell repertoire revealed by major histocompatibility complex-specific helper T cells. I. Frequencies of a genetically defined V region marker among mitogen- and T helper cell-reactive B lymphocytes in normal and immunized mice.
Authors: D Primi, P A Cazenave
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

The aim of the present work was to analyze the frequencies of a genetically defined variable (V) region marker in the B cell subset sensitive to T cell help. To this end we used an alloreactive T cell line that has the property of inducing B cells of the appropriate haplotype to exponential growth and polyclonal antibody synthesis. The frequency obtained with this helper line was also directly compared to that obtained with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that in normal BALB/c mice the frequency of M460-positive clonotypes was respectively, 1/100 and 1/1,000 among the T helper- and LPS-sensitive B cell subsets. In mice immunized with antiidiotype coupled to a thymus-dependent antigen, the differences in the numbers of idiotype-positive precursors were even more accentuated, i.e. 1/20 in the B cell subset triggered by T helper cells and 1/800 in those cells responsive to LPS. The frequencies of the M460 determinant in mice immunized with anti-idiotypes coupled to thymus-independent antigens were not significantly different, in either B cell subset, from those obtained with spleen cells of normal nonimmunized animals. Taken as a whole, our results imply that the V gene repertoire revealed by LPS includes precursor distribution, as this distribution occurs during the early stage of B cell development (potential repertoire), while the repertoire revealed by T helper cells includes the V region distribution of those clones that are selected in the periphery of the functional immune system.
Platelet-activating factor increases leukotriene B4 release in stimulated alveolar macrophages from asthmatic patients
Authors: K Shindo, K Koide, M Fukumura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

This study was designed to examine further the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in asthma, comparing leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release, 5-lipoxygenase activity and intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i) in macrophages. LTB4 and other lipoxygenase metabolites in macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids obtained from 23 asthmatic patients and 20 control subjects were measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. [Ca2+]i was monitored using the fluorescent probe fura-2. The basal LTB4 release of resting macrophages was not different between groups (0.02+/-0.01 versus 0.05+/-0.02 ng x 10(-6) cells). When stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187 (2.5 microM), however, macrophages from asthmatic patients released more LTB4 than cells from control subjects (30.2+/-3.4 versus 13.7+/-2.1 ng x 10(-6) cells). Although PAF alone did not alter LTB4 release, it enhanced the response to subsequent A23187 stimulation. This effect was noted following short treatment (i.e., 5 min) at concentrations of > or =1.0 microM PAF, with the maximal effect noted after treatment with 5.0 microM PAF + 2.5 microM A23187 (105.1+/-6.7 versus 15.3+/-2.6 ng x 10(-6) cells). Treatment of macrophages with PAF also increased 5-lipoxygenase activity and [Ca2+]i more in cytosols from asthmatic patients than in cytosols from control subjects. These findings support a role of intracellular calcium in the activation of 5-lipoxygenase which, in turn, augments the release of leukotriene B4. Because levels of platelet-activating factor may be increased in the lung during asthma and can increase the subsequent release of a chemotactic mediator leukotriene B4, from macrophages, these findings suggest that platelet-activating factor may prime the constitutive cells of the lung to augment inflammatory effects important in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Risk and severity of motor vehicle crashes in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea
Authors: A T Mulgrew, G Nasvadi, A Butt, R Cheema, N Fox, J A Fleetham, C F Ryan, P Cooper, N T Ayas
Journal: Thorax (2008)

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea (OSAH) appears to be associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). However, its impact on crash patterns, particularly the severity of crashes, has not been well described. A study was undertaken to determine whether OSAH severity influenced crash severity in patients referred for investigation of suspected sleep-disordered breathing. Methods: Objective crash data (including the nature of crashes) for 783 patients with suspected OSAH for the 3 years prior to polysomnography were obtained from provincial insurance records and compared with data for 783 age- and sex-matched controls. The patient group was 71% male with a mean age of 50 years, a mean apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) of 22 events/h and a mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale score of 10. Results: There were 375 crashes in the 3-year period, 252 in patients and 123 in controls. Compared with controls, patients with mild, moderate and severe OSAH had an increased rate of MVCs with relative risks of 2.6 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.9), 1.9 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.8) and 2.0 (95% CI 1.4 to 3.0), respectively. Patients with suspected OSAH and normal polysomnography (AHI 0–5) did not have an increased rate of MVC (relative risk 1.5 (95% CI 0.9 to 2.5), p = 0.21). When the impact of OSAH on MVC associated with personal injury was examined, patients with mild, moderate and severe OSAH had a substantially higher rate of MVCs than controls with relative risks of 4.8 (95% CI 1.8 to 12.4), 3.0 (95% CI 1.3 to 7.0) and 4.3 (95% CI 1.8 to 8.9), respectively, whereas patients without OSAH had similar crash rates to controls with a relative risk of 0.6 (95% CI 0.2 to 2.5). Very severe MVCs (head-on collisions or those involving pedestrians or cyclists) were rare, but 80% of these occurred in patients with OSAH (p = 0.06). Conclusion: Patients with OSAH have increased rates of MVCs, and disproportionately increased rates of MVCs are associated with personal injury.
Skin thickness progression rate: a predictor of mortality and early internal organ involvement in diffuse scleroderma
Authors: R. T. Domsic, T. Rodriguez-Reyna, M. Lucas, N. Fertig, T. A. Medsger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association of skin thickness progression rate (STPR) with mortality, and as a predictor of future internal organ involvement in an inception cohort of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Diffuse cutaneous SSc patients older than 16 years of age evaluated at the University of Pittsburgh within 2 years of the first evidence of skin thickening between 1980 and 2005 were eligible. The authors calculated the STPR on these patients, and examined the relationship of this variable to the development of early internal organ involvement and short-term mortality using logistic regression. <h3>Results</h3> 826 patients were included in the analysis. Patients with a rapid STPR experienced significantly reduced short-term survival at 1 and 2 years from the time of first Pittsburgh evaluation (p=0.002). Patients with a rapid STPR were more likely to develop renal crisis within 1–2 years of follow-up. Rapid STPR was found to be an independent predictor of both mortality (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.13 to 2.62; p=0.01) and 'renal crisis' (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.85; p=0.02) within 2 years from first evaluation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The STPR is an easy measure to perform at the time of initial evaluation for identifying those diffuse cutaneous SSc patients who are at increased risk of mortality and the development of renal crisis during the following 2 years.
Type III Hereditary Angioedema: First Description of a Mutation in Factor XII Gene and Clinical Features in a Brazilian Family
Authors: A.S. Moreno, S.O.R. Valle, A.T. Franca, S.A. Levy, D. Ponard, N. Monnier, J. Lunardi, L. Arruda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Synergistic bronchoprotective activity of the long-acting beta 2-agonist olodaterol with tiotropium (long-acting M3 antagonist) and ciclesonide (inhaled steroid) on the ovalbumin-induced bronchoconstriction in anaesthetized guinea pigs
Authors: Thierry Bouyssou, Paola Casarosa, Michael Pieper, Andreas Schnapp, Florian Gantner
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β 2 -agonists (LABAs) fixed dose combinations (FDCs) are widely used for the treatment of asthma while the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) tiotropium is a standard therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Additional improvement of lung function might be expected with the use of the triple therapy “ICS + LABA + LAMA”.  The aim of this study was to assess potential synergistic bronchoprotection activity of olodaterol (LABA) combined with tiotropium (LAMA) and ciclesonide (steroid), against ovalbumin-induced bronchoconstriction in the anaesthetized guinea pig.  Bronchoconstriction was induced by inhalation of a single dose of ovalbumin (50 μg/kg) and lung resistance was recorded for 10 minutes in anaesthetized guinea pigs. Compounds were given intra-tracheally 2 h before OVA challenge. Olodaterol dose-dependently inhibited the OVA-induced bronchoconstriction with an ED 50  of 0.2 μg/kg. Combination of olodaterol with either tiotropium or ciclesonide displayed bronchoprotection in a dose-dependent manner with ED 50  values 10–fold lower (0.02-0.03 μg/kg) than the ED 50  of olodaterol alone (p 50  of 0.003 μg/kg (p  This study shows that olodaterol in combination with tiotropium and ciclesonide elicits potent synergistic bronchoprotective activity in the guinea pig. This effect is significantly higher than the summarized values of the respective monotherapies and supports the concept of the triple therapy.
Treatment of Axillary Lymph Node-Negative, Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer: Updated Findings From National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Clinical Trials
Authors: B. Fisher, J.-H. Jeong, S. Anderson, N. Wolmark
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Results from three National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project sequentially conducted randomized trials of postoperative chemotherapy in women with estrogen receptor-negative tumors and negative axillary lymph nodes have demonstrated that a combination of methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF) is more effective than surgery alone, that cyclophosphamide with MF (CMF) is more effective than MF, and that CMF and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) with cyclophosphamide (AC) are equally beneficial. This report presents updated findings from those trials, relates the results to age and menopausal status, and estimates the extent of progress made in treating such patients.Patients were randomly assigned as follows: in B-13, 760 patients were assigned to surgery only or to MF; in B-19, 1095 patients were assigned to MF or CMF; in B-23, 2008 patients were assigned to CMF or AC. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated according to age and menopausal status. Smoothed recurrence rates were used to evaluate patterns of recurrence as a continuous function of age. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to test for interactions between treatment and covariates and to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for pairwise group comparisons.In B-13, through 16 years of follow-up, an overall benefit was seen with MF relative to surgery alone (RFS: HR = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44 to 0.78, P<0.001; OS: HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.98, P = 0.03). In B-19, through 13 years of follow-up, an overall benefit was seen for CMF relative to MF (RFS: HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.77, P<0.001; OS: HR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.55 to 0.92; P = 0.01). In both trials, all age and menopausal groups demonstrated an RFS benefit, and most demonstrated an OS benefit. In B-23, through 8 years of follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences between the CMF and AC groups (RFS: HR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.27, P = 0.97; OS, HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.73 to 1.17; P = 0.51). When women in the CMF or AC groups (B-19, B-23) were compared with those who were in the surgery-alone group (B-13), through 8 years of follow-up there was a 58% reduction in recurrence and a 40% reduction in mortality as a result of the chemotherapy.Outcomes in CMF- or AC-treated women with estrogen receptor-negative tumors and negative axillary lymph nodes were similar in all age groups. The decreased benefit from chemotherapy observed with increasing age was a result of a better outcome associated with advancing age in women who underwent surgery alone rather than a poorer outcome resulting from the use of chemotherapy.
The master of myomectomy
Authors: G. Chamberlain
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

‘In my early years as a gynaecological surgeon, a case occurred which profoundly affected my outlook. A lady, recently married, wishing above all things to have a child underwent a subtotal hysterectomy on account of a single submucous fibroid. Being a woman of strong character and reticent fortitude, she accepted the blow without complaint and by assuming a proud indifference to children held her insistent mother instinct at bay and none but those who knew her well perceived the tragedy. I was among this number and the grief of it is still keen in me today.’—Victor Bonney1
Influenza Vaccination and Reduction in Hospitalizations for Cardiac Disease and Stroke among the Elderly
Authors: Kristin L. Nichol, James Nordin, John Mullooly, Richard Lask, Kelly Fillbrandt, Marika Iwane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Upper respiratory tract illnesses have been associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke. During two influenza seasons, we assessed the influence of vaccination against influenza on the risk of hospitalization for heart disease and stroke, hospitalization for pneumonia and influenza, and death from all causes.Cohorts of community-dwelling members of three large managed-care organizations who were at least 65 years old were studied during the 1998-1999 and 1999-2000 influenza seasons. Administrative and clinical data were used to evaluate outcomes, with multivariable logistic regression to control for base-line demographic and health characteristics of the subjects.There were 140,055 subjects in the 1998-1999 cohort and 146,328 in the 1999-2000 cohort, of which 55.5 percent and 59.7 percent, respectively, were immunized. At base line, vaccinated subjects were on average sicker, having higher rates of most coexisting conditions, outpatient care, and prior hospitalization for pneumonia than unvaccinated subjects. Unvaccinated subjects, however, were more likely to have been given a prior diagnosis of dementia or stroke. Vaccination against influenza was associated with a reduction in the risk of hospitalization for cardiac disease (reduction of 19 percent during both seasons [P<0.001]), cerebrovascular disease (reduction of 16 percent during the 1998-1999 season [P<0.018] and 23 percent during the 1999-2000 season [P<0.001]), and pneumonia or influenza (reduction of 32 percent during the 1998-1999 season [P<0.001] and 29 percent during the 1999-2000 season [P<0.001]) and a reduction in the risk of death from all causes (reduction of 48 percent during the 1998-1999 season [P<0.001] and 50 percent during the 1999-2000 season [P<0.001]). In analyses according to age, the presence or absence of major medical conditions at base line, and study site, the findings were consistent across all subgroups.In the elderly, vaccination against influenza is associated with reductions in the risk of hospitalization for heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and pneumonia or influenza as well as the risk of death from all causes during influenza seasons. These findings highlight the benefits of vaccination and support efforts to increase the rates of vaccination among the elderly.
Randomized phase 2 trial on refinement of early-stage NSCLC adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin and pemetrexed versus cisplatin and vinorelbine: the TREAT study
Authors: M. Kreuter, J. Vansteenkiste, J.R. Fischer, W. Eberhardt, H. Zabeck, J. Kollmeier, M. Serke, N. Frickhofen, M. Reck, W. Engel-Riedel, S. Neumann, M. Thomeer, C. Schumann, P. De Leyn, T. Graeter, G. Stamatis, I. Zuna, F. Griesinger, M. Thomas
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Effects of Bronchial Obstruction on Lower Esophageal Sphincter Motility and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Patients with Asthma
Authors: Frank Zerbib, Olivier Guisset, Hervé Lamouliatte, André Quinton, Jean Paul Galmiche, J. Manuel Tunon-de-Lara
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and asthma remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of bronchial obstruction on lower esophageal sphincter (LES) motility and reflux in patients with asthma. LES motility and esophageal pH were assessed in eight subjects with intermittent asthma and eight healthy volunteers during three consecutive 30-minute periods: baseline, methacholine-induced bronchospasm, and after inhalation of the beta2-agonist salbutamol. Healthy subjects inhaled 2 mg of methacholine, whereas subjects with asthma inhaled the dose of methacholine causing a 15% fall in FEV(1), as determined by a previous methacholine challenge. LES motility, esophageal pH, and FEV(1) were not significantly different between the three periods in healthy subjects. In patients with asthma, methacholine induced a 21.9 +/- 2.6% decrease in FEV(1) and a concomitant increase in the rate of transient LES relaxation (TLESR) and reflux episodes. Inhalation of salbutamol decreased the rate of TLESRs but not the number of reflux episodes. We conclude that in patients with asthma, methacholine-induced bronchospasm increases the rate of TLESR and the number of reflux episodes. These results support the belief that, in asthma, bronchial obstruction may be responsible for reflux or may aggravate reflux through a mechanism that remains to be further clarified.
Endocrine effects of prenatal exposure to PCBs, dioxins, and other xenobiotics: implications for policy and future research.
Authors: L S Birnbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Recent reports have suggested that environmental chemicals may be associated with endocrine alterations in people, wildlife, and experimental animals. Pharmacological investigations as well as natural poisoning episodes have led to the association between exogenous chemicals and alterations in multiple hormonal systems. Persistent environmental contaminants such as dioxins and PCBs have been shown to modulate the activities of several different hormones. The unborn child or the neonate may be at special risk from these chemicals because of rapid growth and development, in addition to enhanced exposure. Because most exposure to these persistent chemicals is via food, changes in dietary habits and/or reduced contamination of the food supply may be required.
Inhibition of chemiluminescence in human neutrophils by dapsone
Authors: G.F. WEBSTER, J.C. ALEXANDER, W.P. MCARTHUR, J.J. LEYDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Dapsone at doses of 0.5 to 5.0 micrograms/ml was found to produce a dose-dependent inhibition of opsonized zymosan-induced human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemiluminescence (CL) in vitro. Simultaneous exposure of PMN to dapsone and zymosan was as effective in reducing CL as preincubation of PMN with dapsone. Preincubation of PMN with dapsone followed by washing, resulted in the loss of dapsone-mediated CL inhibition, indicating that dapsone did not permanently alter the CL-generating mechanism and that the drug had to be present to inhibit CL. Dapsone did not absorb light at the wavelength of CL and was not toxic to PMN at concentrations tested. Sodium azide, an inhibitor of myeloperoxidase-mediated CL inhibited PMN CL to the same degree as dapsone. When incubated together with PMN, dapsone and azide did not produce an additive inhibition of CL. These data suggest that inhibition of myeloperoxidase may be the mechanism by which dapsone inhibits PMN CL.
Loss of the F-BAR protein CIP4 reduces platelet production by impairing membrane-cytoskeleton remodeling
Authors: Yolande Chen, Jorie Aardema, Sayali Kale, Zakary L. Whichard, Arinola Awomolo, Elisabeth Blanchard, Brian Chang, David R. Myers, Lining Ju, Reginald Tran, David Reece, Hilary Christensen, Siham Boukour, Najet Debili, Ted S. Strom, David Rawlings, Francisco X. Vázquez, Gregory A. Voth, Cheng Zhu, Walter H. A. Kahr, Wilbur A. Lam, Seth J. Corey
Journal: Blood (2013)