tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A comparison of skin prick tests, intradermal skin tests, and RASTs in the diagnosis of cat allergy
Authors: Robert A. Wood, Wanda Phipatanakul, Robert G. Hamilton, Peyton A. Eggleston
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)

Skin testing and RASTs are the most commonly used methods for the diagnosis of allergy. Questions remain, however, as to the accuracy of these tests, particularly with regard to the role of intradermal skin tests (IDSTs) in the evaluation of respiratory allergy.The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of skin prick tests (SPTs), IDSTs, and RASTs in the diagnosis of cat allergy.Patients were challenged with a well-characterized cat exposure model after evaluation by history, SPTs, IDSTs (if SPT results were negative), and RASTs. All patients were evaluated with respect to their upper respiratory responses, although only those patients with asthma were included in the analysis of lower airway responses. Challenge results were considered positive if the mean upper respiratory symptom score was 0.5 or more, the mean lower respiratory symptom score was 0.4 or more, or the maximum fall in FEV1 value was 15% or more.One hundred twenty patients were evaluated. SPT values were positive in 81 patients; of the remaining 39 patients, IDST values were positive in 26 patients. RASTs were performed in 89 patients; the values were positive in 45 of 51 patients with a positive SPT value and were negative in all patients with a negative SPT value. When any positive challenge outcome was considered, positive challenge results were seen in 38 of 41 patients with a positive SPT score, in 10 of 39 patients with a negative SPT score, in 6 of 26 patients with a positive IDST score, in 4 of 13 patients with a negative IDST score, in 27 of 27 patients with a positive RAST score, and in 12 of 44 patients with a negative RAST score.Although both SPT and RAST values exhibited excellent efficiency in the diagnosis of cat allergy, IDST scores added little to the diagnostic evaluation.
The New Vital Sign
Authors: David E. Conwill
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We applaud the recent Commentary "The New Vital Sign," in which Fiore<sup>1</sup>advocated that a brief assessment of smoking status be incorporated into the vital signs stamp as part of every clinical patient encounter. We argued for an identical approach in a recent Mississippi State Health Department publication sent to all practicing physicians in our state.<sup>2</sup>Such strategies, we feel, are necessary in order to "institutionalize" important clinical prevention endeavors into the context of most typical primary care and emergency medicine patient encounters. In our experience, many physicians agree with the philosophy of appropriate clinical preventive medicine efforts but neglect to incorporate such efforts into the usual clinical setting. One important reason for this is that physicians simply forget to do so in the context of the high-volume office or emergency-department setting, particularly if the patient's chief complaint lies in an area divorced from such
Puncture and cytology – sufficient for endoscopic diagnosis of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis?
Authors: J. Cyrany, M. Kopáčová, S. Rejchrt, H. Hornychová, M. Tomšová, V. Tyčová, A. Ryška, J. Bureš
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI), that is, presence of gas within the colonic wall, often has a polypoid appearance and can thus cause diagnostic uncertainty for the endoscopist [1] [2] [3].
Beneficial Effects of Jejeunoileostomy on Compulsive Eating and Associated Psychiatric Symptoms
Authors: C. Brewer, H. White, M. Baddeley
Journal: BMJ (1974)

During a study of 72 patients submitted to jejeunoileostomy for obesity seven were found in whom compulsive, episodic overeating was associated with depressive mood disturbance. When followed up nine to 27 months after operation all seven had lost weight and had also lost the habit of compulsive eating. In all cases psychiatric symptoms improved or disappeared, and symptom substitution was not observed. Obesity rather than psychiatric disorder is usually the main problem in such patients. The implications for psychoanalytic and other concepts of obesity are discussed.
Therapy Expectation in Different Groups of Patients with Chronic Diseases
Authors: Wolfgang Schneider, Birgit Beisenherz, Harald J. Freyberger
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

In a questionnaire study on 865 patients suffering from different psychosomatic and somatopsychic disorders their therapy expectations were analyzed. The complete scale of the test holds 47 items (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91) grouped into for subscales: subjective experience of the disease (subscale 1,11 items, alpha = 0.76), lay concept (subscale 2, 8 items, alpha = 0.71), general attitudes and expectations concerning treatment (subscale 3, 8 items, alpha = 0.81) and previous experiences with psychotherapeutic concepts of treatment (20 items, alpha = 0.86). The results of the study show that patients with a prominent somatopsychic disorder have a significantly lower motivation for psychotherapy than typical psychosomatic and psychiatric patients. Therefore characteristically neurotic patients with predominant psychic symptoms present the highest motivation for psychotherapy. The results for the different subgroups of patients were discussed with regard to the different factors of therapy expectations and to the indication for psychotherapy.
Nurse's Responsibility for Intravenous Bolus Medications
Authors: Cheryl K. Tom
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am writing to give a nurse's opinion on a QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS item entitled "Hospital Nurses Refuse to Give Intravenous Bolus Medications" (241:2823, 1979). This opinion is based on my 12 years of varied nursing experience, including six years of service on the Illinois Nurses' Association Commission on Practice. The questioner, W. E. Feeman, Jr, MD, did not give much detail about what situations surrounded the nurses' refusal to give intravenous (IV) bolus medication, so my statements are necessarily quite general. The scope of practice of Licensed Professional Nurses is defined by State Nurse Practice Acts and then by the policies of the institutions that employ them. Most hospitals have specific policies that cover the administration of IV medications by nurses. Such policies usually include lists of specific medications that a nurse may add to an IV solution, which medications may be "piggybacked," and
Protein phosphatase 2A is a negative regulator of IL-2 production in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: C. G. Katsiari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Decreased IL-2 production in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) represents a central component of the disease immunopathology. We report that the message, protein, and enzymatic activity of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Ac), but not PP1, are increased in patients with SLE regardless of disease activity and treatment and in a disease-specific manner. Treatment of SLE T cells with PP2Ac-siRNA decreased the protein levels and activity of PP2Ac in a specific manner and increased the levels of phosphorylated cAMP response element–binding protein and its binding to the IL2 and c-fos promoters, as well as increased activator protein 1 activity, causing normalization of IL-2 production. Our data document increased activity of PP2A as a novel SLE disease-specific abnormality and define a distinct mechanism whereby it represses IL-2 production. We propose the use of PP2Ac-siRNA as a novel tool to correct T cell IL-2 production in SLE patients.
Iron overload in Montpelier
Authors: P C ADAMS
Journal: Gut (2001)

See article on page 836 

Since the original discovery of the haemochromatosis gene (HFE) in 1996,1 there have been two genetic mutations that have dominated clinical studies. The C282Y mutation (845 G→A) has attracted the most attention as the majority of typical haemochromatosis patients are homozygotes for this mutation. This has increasingly led to the use of genetic testing for the diagnosis of haemochromatosis and in many cases has alleviated the need for liver biopsy. In comparison with most other genetic diseases, it remains a marvel that a single mutation explains most clinical cases. Furthermore, in vitro studies have demonstrated that the C282Y mutation disrupts the normal presentation of the HFE protein on the cell surface.2 The H63D mutation (187 G→C) was described in the original description of the HFE gene but has been relegated to a minor clinical role in comparison with the C282Y mutation. It is more prevalent than the C282Y mutation with approximately one in five of the …
A New Terminology for Left Ventricular Walls and Location of Myocardial Infarcts That Present Q Wave Based on the Standard of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Antoni Bayés de Luna, Galen Wagner, Yochai Birnbaum, Kjell Nikus, Miguel Fiol, Anton Gorgels, Juan Cinca, Peter M. Clemmensen, Olle Pahlm, Samuel Sclarovsky, Shlomo Stern, Hein Wellens, Wojciech Zareba
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Lidocaine Poisoning: Treatment and Prevention
Authors: William F. Nicholson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter of Drs Freed and Freedman<sup>1</sup>in the June 7, 1985, issue of<i>JAMA</i>raises several important points on lidocaine intoxication. Unfortunately, the authors fail to differentiate clearly between the accidental acute massive overdose and the more common gradual severe intoxication caused by inappropriately high maintenance infusion rates. This distinction is important, as bypass support in gradual severe intoxication may not be effective therapy. The study using dogs and the case report they cite are both studies of acute massive overdose. They state that "the first 15 minutes of bypass support is probably the most important since that is the time when lidocaine is redistributed." While this is true for the acute postinjection phase of massive overdose, it is not the case for gradual intoxication because the gradual rise in serum levels permits the central and peripheral compartments to remain in equilibrium. A rapid drop
Role of breathing exercises in hyperventilating subjects
Authors: A B Palamarthy
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Role of breathing exercises in hyperventilating subjectsThomas and colleagues reported breathing training leading to improvements in asthmaspecific health status and other patientcentred measures. 1These included Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) scores, Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) anxiety, HAD depression, Nijmegen scores and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) scores.The significant improvement in all the above stated scores except the last one at 6 months after the intervention could be due to a few inherent biases.This was discussed in our weekly journal club.First, most of the population studied were hyperventilating subjects, as evidenced by the mean Nijmegen scores in both groups of .23.Breathing training might therefore have helped these hyperventilating subjects.Second, as stated in the article, most subjects with chronic disease would like to try alternative forms of treatment. 2If this ''alternative form'' was mentioned during the invitation to take part in the study (which is not stated in the article), then all the subjects could have been self-motivated, which is not representative of the general population and hence the results cannot be generalised.Last, the subjects who underwent breathing training were encouraged to do the breathing exercises throughout the 6-month period whereas the control group had three sessions of asthma education with no such ongoing ''controlling effect''.A significant improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 s and a significant fall in exhaled nitric oxide 1 month after the intervention in the control group shows the beneficial effect of patient education.Hence, effective pharmacotherapy with asthma education continues to be the core of asthma treatment.The role of breathing training is possibly present in subjects who have a tendency to hyperventilate, which need not be due just to asthma but to any cause.
A Pathologic Department.
Authors: G. W. H. Kemper
Journal: JAMA (1899)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I was pleased to read in theJournalof December 2, a communication from Dr. Frank B. Wynn, on the above topic. I wish to heartily indorse the suggestions of Dr. Wynn, and urge that immediate steps be taken to consummate the plans for a national pathologic department. Based on the propositions laid down by the Doctor it will prove a success. As a member of the Indiana State Medical Society, I can add my testimony to the value of the exhibit as shown at our annual meetings. It has grown to be a valuable collection, and is highly prized by our members as a real school of instruction in its special department. Our state society feels proud of this pathologic museum, especially as ours was the first state to move in the matter, and we give the largest amount of the praise to Dr. Wynn, who
Abstract 2001: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits growth of human lung adenocarcinoma cells with an epidermal growth factor receptor T790M mutation susceptible property
Authors: Wen-Chien Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Target therapeutics targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) effectively kills non-small cell lung cancer cells along with a high proportion acquires T790M mutation of EGFR, an amino acid alteration likely causing drug resistance. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a naturally occurring small molecule isolated from honeybee propolis, is known to possess preferential bioactivity against lung cancer cells. Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effect of CAPE on A549 (EGFR wild-type) and H1975 (EGFR T790M mutation) human lung adenocarcinoma cells by using assays as follows: MTS for viability, DNA histogram for hypoploidy and cell cycle analysis, DiOC6(3) staining for mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and Western blotting for caspase-3 cleavage Results: We found that CAPE inhibited the growth of lung adenocarcinoma H1975 cells with an extent greater than A549 (IC50 approximate 5 versus 10 mg/mL) after 24 - 48 h treatment. This differential growth inhibition was accompanied by much higher percentages of sub-G1 (7.5 folds) and G2/M arrest (2.6 folds) in H1975 cells. No significant difference could be seen for changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential and caspase-3 cleavage, indicating a mitochondria-independent and caspase-3-inependent pathway involved. Conclusion: It suggests that CAPE may have potential to be developed as a small-molecule therapeutics against lung adenocarcinoma cells harboring wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor and, more effectively, the T790M-mutated clone. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2001. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2001
C-Reactive Protein Reassessed
Authors: Alan R. Tall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In this issue of the Journal, Danesh and colleagues report that elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with only a moderate increase in the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).1 Although these findings are in line with those of other large studies, the independent relative risk associated with increased CRP levels is considerably less than in some earlier reports. Using a multivariate analysis, the authors found that the predictive value of CRP measurement adds relatively little to that provided by assessments of traditional risk factors. In contrast, a smaller study suggested that the CRP level could be more . . .
Clinical Outcome of 500 Consecutive Cases Undergoing Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Marina Rodríguez-Calvo-de-Mora, Ruth Quilendrino, Lisanne Ham, Vasilios S. Liarakos, Korine van Dijk, Lamis Baydoun, Isabel Dapena, Silke Oellerich, Gerrit R.J. Melles
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
A Safe Approach to Pacing during Coronary Angiography
Authors: Raj K. Anand, Sally A. Smith, Oscar E. Starobin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

REFLEX bradycardia during selective coronary angiography may result in life-threatening arrhythmias. Temporary pacing of the heart may protect against such bradycardia.* However, there is a constant threat of shortcircuiting the electrical output of the pulse generator from the cathode to the anode owing to leakage of fresh blood onto the drapes and sheets that cover the patient during catheterization procedures. This bypass of electrical energy will result in delivery of the current to the myocardium below the pacing threshold, resulting in failure of cardiac stimulation. This potential risk of pacemaker malfunction during the procedure makes it essential to ensure complete . . .
Oxford and Cambridge University Elections
Authors: W. W. Grave
Journal: BMJ (1945)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Although general practice is an ideal setting for ensuring timely initiation of advance care planning (ACP) in people with chronic life-limiting illness, evidence on the effectiveness of ACP in general practice and how it can be implemented is lacking. This study aims to evaluate feasibility and acceptability of study procedures and intervention components of an intervention to facilitate the initiation of ACP in general practice for people with chronic life-limiting illness. <h3>Methods</h3> Pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial testing a complex ACP intervention in general practice versus usual care (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02775032). We used a mixed methods approach using detailed documentation of the recruitment process, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 25 general practitioners (GPs) and 38 patients were enrolled in the study. The intervention was acceptable to GPs and patients, with GPs valuing the interactive training and patients finding ACP conversations useful. However, we found a number of challenges regarding feasibility of recruitment procedures, such GP as recruitment proceeding more slowly than anticipated as well as difficulty applying the inclusion criteria for patients. Some GPs found initiating ACP conversations difficult. The content of the patient booklet was determined to potentially be too complex for patients with a lower health literacy. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Although the intervention was well-accepted by GPs and patients, we identified critical points for improvement with regard to the study procedures as well as potential improvements of the intervention components. When these points are addressed, the intervention can proceed to a large-scale, phase III trial to test its effectiveness.
The Metabolic Syndrome in Older Individuals: Prevalence and Prediction of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Angelo Scuteri, Samer S. Najjar, Christopher H. Morrell, Edward G. Lakatta
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, a potent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), has not been adequately explored in older individuals. Moreover, two sets of criteria have been proposed for the definition of metabolic syndrome, one by the World Health Organization (WHO) and one by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII). We therefore investigated the prevalence of this syndrome in a subgroup of older participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) who were free of CVD at baseline. We also compared the prognostic significance of the two definitions of the metabolic syndrome.A total of 2,175 subjects from the CHS who were free of CVD at baseline and not taking antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications were studied. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was assessed with both the WHO and ATPIII criteria. The incidence of coronary or cerebrovascular disease was ascertained during a median follow-up time of 4.1 years.Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 28.1% by ATPIII criteria and 21.0% by WHO criteria. The two sets of criteria provided concordant classification for 80.6% of participants. Multivariate Cox propotional hazard models showed that the metabolic syndrome defined with the ATPIII criteria, but not with the WHO criteria, was an independent predictor of coronary or cerebrovascular events and was associated with a 38% increased risk (hazard ratio 1.38 [95% CI 1.06-1.79], P < 0.01).Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in older individuals is approximately 21-28% (depending on the definition used). The two sets of criteria have 80% concordance in classifying subjects. As defined by the ATPIII criteria, the metabolic syndrome yields independent prognostic information, even after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and the individual domains of the metabolic syndrome.
Predictive value of S-100 protein for prognosis in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: E. Mercier, A. Boutin, F. Lauzier, D. A. Fergusson, J.-F. Simard, R. Zarychanski, L. Moore, L. A. McIntyre, P. Archambault, F. Lamontagne, F. Legare, E. Randell, L. Nadeau, F. Rousseau, A. F. Turgeon
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine the ability and accuracy of the S-100β protein in predicting prognosis after a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, BIOSIS (from their inception to April 2012), conference abstracts, bibliographies of eligible articles, and relevant narrative reviews. <b>Study selection</b> Two reviewers independently reviewed citations and selected eligible studies, defined as cohort studies or randomised control trials including patients with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury and evaluating the prognostic value of S-100β protein. Outcomes evaluated were mortality, score on the Glasgow outcome scale, or brain death. <b>Data extraction</b> Two independent reviewers extracted data using a standardised form and evaluated the methodological quality of included studies. Pooled results were presented with geometric means ratios and analysed with random effect models. Prespecified sensitivity analyses were performed to explain heterogeneity. <b>Results</b> The search strategy yielded 9228 citations. Two randomised controlled trials and 39 cohort studies were considered eligible (1862 patients). Most studies (n=23) considered Glasgow outcome score ≤3 as an unfavourable outcome. All studies reported at least one measurement of S-100β within 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. There was a significant positive association between S-100β protein concentrations and mortality (12 studies: geometric mean ratio 2.55, 95% confidence interval 2.02 to 3.21, I<sup>2</sup>=56%) and score ≤3 (18 studies: 2.62, 2.01 to 3.42, I<sup>2</sup>=79%). Sensitivity analysis based on sampling time, sampling type, blinding of outcome assessors, and timing of outcome assessment yielded similar results. Thresholds for serum S-100β protein values with 100% specificity ranged from 1.38 to 10.50 µg/L for mortality (six studies) and from 2.16 to 14.00 µg/L for unfavourable neurological prognosis as defined by the Glasgow outcome score. <b>Conclusions</b> After moderate or severe traumatic brain injury, serum S-100β protein concentrations are significantly associated with unfavourable prognosis in the short, mid, or long term. Optimal thresholds for discrimination remain unclear. Measuring the S-100β protein could be useful in evaluating the severity of traumatic brain injury and in the determination of long term prognosis in patients with moderate and severe injury.