tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Different effects of interferon-alpha on melanoma cell lines: a study on telomerase reverse transcriptase, telomerase activity and apoptosis
Authors: E. Maellaro, L. Pacenti, B. Del Bello, M.A. Valentini, P. Mangiavacchi, C. De Felice, P. Rubegni, P. Luzi, C. Miracco
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background Although the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of interferon (IFN)-α are widely recognized, its antitumour mechanisms are not completely known. Recent studies indicate that the derepressed expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), and telomerase activity (TA) are involved in the process of human carcinogenesis. Only a few studies have investigated the effects of IFN-α on hTERT and TA, with controversial results. Objectives To study the hTERT mRNA expression, TA and apoptosis in human melanoma cells treated with IFN-α. Methods Five human melanoma cell lines (Me665/2/21, Me665/2/60, HT-144, SK-Mel-28 and SK-Mel-5) were cultured in standard conditions and treated with 20 000 IU mL−1 of human recombinant IFN-α-2b. Apoptosis was evaluated as hypodiploid DNA content determined by flow cytometry, caspase-3/7 activity by enzymatic assay, and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase cleavage by Western blot analysis. IFN-α receptor (IFNA-R) and hTERT mRNA expression levels were evaluated by semiquantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. TA was evaluated by a polymerase chain reaction-based telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay. Results Besides a variable degree of cell proliferation inhibition in all cell lines tested, we found different responses, ranging from no significant effects in SK-Mel-28 cells, to a high degree of apoptosis with no hTERT mRNA expression and TA modification in HT-144 cells, and induction of apoptosis, along with decrease in hTERT mRNA expression and TA in Me665/2/21 cells. No induction of apoptosis was observed in SK-Mel-5 and Me665/2/60 cells, although an early decrease in hTERT mRNA expression, and a minor increase of both hTERT mRNA expression and TA were found, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that the effects of IFN-α on hTERT and TA can result from the induction of apoptosis, but they can also occur through a direct modulation of hTERT. We hypothesize that, depending on the cellular context rather than the IFNA-R status of the targeted cells, IFN-α can elicit an apoptotic cell death; furthermore, different pathways of apoptosis, not necessarily involving telomerase, can be put into motion.
Behavioral momentum: Issues of generality
Authors: Steven L. Cohen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Nevin &amp; Grace's behavioral-momentum model accommodates a large body of data. This commentary highlights some experimental findings that the model does not always predict. The model does not consistently predict resistance to change when response-independent food is delivered simultaneously with response-contingent food, when drugs are used as response disrupters, and when responding is reinforced under single rather than multiple schedules of reinforcement.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Authors: Peter S. Mueller
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THE NEUROLEPTIC malignant syndrome (NMS) is characterized by severe extrapyramidal dysfunction, hyperthermia, and autonomic disturbances following neuroleptic usage.<sup>1,2</sup>This relatively uncommon, potentially lethal syndrome carries a mortality of 20%, yet it is largely unrecognized by physicians and most workers engaged in the neurosciences. Anticholinergic or benzodiazepine treatment, commonly used for neuroleptic neurological side effects, is usually of limited success in the treatment of NMS; a long hospital course with considerable physical disability often is a result in those patients who survive.<sup>3</sup>We present two patients with NMS: the first treated in the usual fashion in our medical intensive care unit (ICU), the second on our psychiatric ward, with the rapidly successful and first reported usage of bromocriptine mesylate. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 28-year-old married woman had been well until Feb 2, 1977, when an acute schizophrenic psychosis with paranoia and catatonia rapidly developed. During her first
PROGRESS IN MEDICINE.
Authors: John H. Musser
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Unusual Dermatoglyphic Findings Associated with Rubella Embryopathy
Authors: Ruth Achs, Rita G. Harper, Morris Siegel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE 1964 epidemic of rubella resulted in the birth of many abnormal infants. While examining these infants for the clinical signs of rubella embryopathy we observed multiple unusual dermatoglyphic findings: an increased incidence of simian lines; bilateral distal axial triradii; and radial loops on digits other than the second finger. These findings are relatively rare in the normal population.1 Our interest was aroused because the unusual dermatoglyphic patterns appeared to develop in these unrelated infants with diverse genetic backgrounds when they were affected in utero by the rubella virus. A dermatoglyphic survey of the infants was then undertaken to test . . .
Salivating for Knowledge: Potential Pharmacological Agents in Tick Saliva
Authors: Joppe W. R Hovius, Marcel Levi, Erol Fikrig
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Joppe Hovius and colleagues review anticoagulant and immunosuppressive proteins present in tick saliva, and discuss how immunologically targeting such molecules could prevent transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
1102-51 Long-term efficacy of intracoronary beta-radiation for the treatment of in-stent restenosis: An angiographic and intravascular ultrasound analysis of the late catch-up phenomenon
Authors: Juan S Muñoz, F Feres, A Abizaid, R Staico, L Mattos, G Maldonado, M Centemero, L Tanajura, I Pinto, A.S Abizaid, A Chaves, A Sousa, J.E Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Return to Low-Altitude Sickness: An Entity That Doesn't Exist-Reply
Authors: Robert F. Grover
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> In Dr Tyler's opinion, the patient described as suffering from "return to low-altitude sickness" may well have been experiencing episodes of migraine. He mentions emotion among the possible causative factors; I agree. He then postulates for the patient an etiologic "double dose," the second factor being a change (either positive or negative) in barometric pressure. Dr Tyler then goes on to describe his own experience with patients prone to develop migraine who experience "migraine" when they travel from low to high altitude in Arizona, and for them he prescribes acetazolamide. Is he suggesting that the headache experienced by visitors to high altitude is simply one more manifestation of migraine and, further, that acetazolamide might be useful in preventing any form of migraine? This I would question. Acute mountain sickness is a well-recognized clinical entity<sup>1</sup>experienced by otherwise healthy but impatient individuals who travel "too high too
Abstract P1-01-02: The SentiMag study: Sentinel node biopsy with superparamagnetic iron oxide vs. radioisotope
Authors: M Thill, A Kurylcio, R Blechmann, V van Haasteren, B Grosse, G Berclaz, W Polkowski, N Hauser
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: The SentiMag study compares the “gold standard” 99mTc with a new technique, which employs superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) for localization of sentinel lymph nodes. Aim of this study is to investigate the potential equivalency of the SentiMag® technique in comparison to the gold standard of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Materials and methods: In a prospective, multicentre and multinational 2-arm study, 150 patients with histologically verified breast carcinoma are examined. For comparison, SLNs are marked initially with radioisotope following a 1- or 2-day protocol. Additionally, SPIO (Sienna+®) is injected in the operation room by the surgeon at least 20 minutes before SLNB into the subareolar interstitial tissue, followed by 5 minutes massage. SLN-detection is carried out using a magnetometer (SentiMag®) and a gamma probe. Preparation and excision of lymph nodes is conducted using both techniques in a parallel manner. All lymph nodes marked with either tracer are excised. Results: Interim analysis of 138 patients resulted in a detection rate concordance per patient of 97% (134/138). An average of 1.9 (radioisotope) and 2.0 (SPIO) lymph nodes were collected per patient. Nodal detection rate was 92% (250/273) for the radioisotope vs. 97% (265/273) for the SPIO tracer with magnetometer detection. The proportion of pathologically positive lymph nodes was 38/250 (15%) vs. 39/265 (15%) for the radioisotope and the SPIO tracer respectively. All pathologically positive lymph nodes detected with the conventional technique (radioisotope) were also detected with the new technique (SentiMag®). Conclusions: The SentiMag® provides an easy technique which can be rapidly implemented into daily routine. Due to the simple handling, preoperative efforts can be reduced to a minimum. If further and consistent results prove its efficacy, this technique may ultimately replace the standard of care. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-01-02.
Collagen sponge for leg ulcers
Authors: J. L. BURTON, D. J. ETHERINGTON, R. D. G. PEACHEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Collagen sponge, reconstituted from bovine tendon, provides a porous matrix for the permeation of fibroblasts and capillaries and on theoretical grounds it should be ideal for stimulating granulation tissue in deep leg ulcers. A preliminary study in six patients has suggested that a collagen sponge dressin enhanced granulation, but subsequent re-epithelialization over the reconstituted collagen tended to be slower than usual.
Anxiety at the Frontier of Molecular Medicine
Authors: D R Weinberger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Anxiety is a ubiquitous and unavoidable experience of life. It can be adaptive but also debilitating. Anxiety involves subjective feelings (e.g., worry and a sense of threat), physiological responses (e.g., tachycardia and hypercortisolemia), and behavioral responses (e.g., avoidance and withdrawal). Anxiety and fear share many subjective and physiological characteristics, and there is much debate about how best to distinguish them. Fear, as characterized by Walter Cannon in the 1920s, is generally viewed as a reaction to danger, whereas anxiety is a feeling of fear that is out of proportion to any real threat. When anxiety is persistent and intrusive, it . . .
Deletion of p47 <sup> <i>phox</i> </sup> Attenuates Angiotensin II–Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Authors: Manesh Thomas, Dan Gavrila, Michael L. McCormick, Francis J. Miller, Alan Daugherty, Lisa A. Cassis, Kevin C. Dellsperger, Neal L. Weintraub
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to vascular pathology in part by stimulating NADPH oxidase activity, leading to increased formation of superoxide (O2-). We reported that O2- levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and expression of the p47phox subunit of NADPH oxidase are increased in human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Here, we tested the hypothesis that deletion of p47phox will attenuate oxidative stress and AAA formation in Ang II-infused apoE-/- mice.Male apoE-/- and apoE-/-p47phox-/- mice received saline or Ang II (1000 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)) infusion for 28 days, after which abdominal aortic weight and maximal diameter were determined. Aortic tissues and blood were examined for parameters of aneurysmal disease and oxidative stress. Ang II infusion induced AAAs in 90% of apoE-/- versus 16% of apo-/-p47phox-/- mice (P < 0.05). Abdominal aortic weight (14.1 +/- 3.2 versus 35.6 +/- 9.0 mg), maximal aortic diameter (1.5 +/- 0.2 versus 2.4 +/- 0.4 mm), aortic NADPH oxidase activity, and parameters of oxidative stress were reduced in apoE-/-p47phox-/- mice compared with apoE-/- mice (P < 0.05). In addition, aortic macrophage infiltration and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity were reduced in apoE-/-p47phox-/- mice compared with apoE-/- mice. Deletion of p47phox attenuated the pressor response to Ang II; however, coinfusion of phenylephrine with Ang II, which restored the Ang II pressor response, did not alter the protective effects of p47phox deletion on AAA formation.Deletion of p47phox attenuates Ang II-induced AAA formation in apoE-/- mice, suggesting that NADPH oxidase plays a critical role in AAA formation in this model.
Empowering GPs as purchasers.
Authors: V Morley
Journal: BMJ (1993)

FHSAs have defined their role in purchasing primary care FHSAs have also found themselves intermediaries between district health authorities and general practitioners All of the purchasing authorities recognise the need to educate general practitioners on how to use their influence in the purchasing process General practitioners should be involved in the purchasing process as they purchase the bulk of health care; are the first point of contact for the users of the health service; need to have input on what is purchased; and need to be able to manage the changes resulting from the shift in the balance of power towards primary care The involvement of general practitioners in the purchasing process at present varies considerably among health authorities. Several district health authorities have developed models of purchasing that enable different levels of involvement
Pathobiology: How Disease Happens
Authors: Richard H. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Students and teachers alike will find this new book a refreshing text that fills a void in instructional material for allied health care students.<i>Pathobiology</i>summarizes the entire spectrum of health and disease in ten concise chapters. It is written in a style that conveys vitality and clarity for the student who is not interested in learning "more than he wanted to know" about pathology. All major disease categories are considered in some depth except trauma and poisoning. The chapters on genetics, cell biology, immunology, and neoplasia are outstanding. The author sets the stage for the description of disease mechanisms by first reviewing the normal dynamics of cells and tissues in health. Twenty-one brief case histories, inserted throughout the text, illustrate the clinical sequelae of underlying disease processes. These case histories emphasize pathologic mechanisms and their clinical relevance. Suggested additional readings at the end of each chapter are carefully selected,
Postconditioning and protection from reperfusion injury: where do we stand? * Position Paper from the Working Group of Cellular Biology of the Heart of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: M. Ovize, G. F. Baxter, F. Di Lisa, P. Ferdinandy, D. Garcia-Dorado, D. J. Hausenloy, G. Heusch, J. Vinten-Johansen, D. M. Yellon, R. Schulz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Ischaemic postconditioning (brief periods of ischaemia alternating with brief periods of reflow applied at the onset of reperfusion following sustained ischaemia) effectively reduces myocardial infarct size in all species tested so far, including humans. Ischaemic postconditioning is a simple and safe manoeuvre, but because reperfusion injury is initiated within minutes of reflow, postconditioning must be applied at the onset of reperfusion. The mechanisms of protection by postconditioning include: formation and release of several autacoids and cytokines; maintained acidosis during early reperfusion; activation of protein kinases; preservation of mitochondrial function, most strikingly the attenuation of opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Exogenous recruitment of some of the identified signalling steps can induce cardioprotection when applied at the time of reperfusion in animal experiments, but more recently cardioprotection was also observed in a proof-of-concept clinical trial. Indeed, studies in patients with an acute myocardial infarction showed a reduction of infarct size and improved left ventricular function when they underwent ischaemic postconditioning or pharmacological inhibition of MPTP opening during interventional reperfusion. Further animal studies and large-scale human studies are needed to determine whether patients with different co-morbidities and co-medications respond equally to protection by postconditioning. Also, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms must be improved to develop new therapeutic strategies to be applied at reperfusion with the ultimate aim of limiting the burden of ischaemic heart disease and potentially providing protection for other organs at risk of reperfusion injury, such as brain and kidney.
Metabolic Adaptation to a Gradual Reduction in Myocardial Blood Flow
Authors: Andrew E. Arai, Susan E. Grauer, Cheryl G. Anselone, George A. Pantely, J. David Bristow
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Studies during 20% to 50% reductions in regional coronary blood flow have revealed a number of metabolic and functional adaptations that suggest the heart downregulates energy requirements and contractility in response to ischemia. In contrast to prior studies of sudden changes in coronary blood flow, we tested whether the heart could reduce ATP consumption commensurate with a gradual decrease in coronary blood flow or whether transient metabolic abnormalities are a necessary trigger in this process. Methods and Results From 0 to 35 minutes, mean left anterior descending coronary artery blood flow was reduced by ≈1% per minute in 10 acutely anesthetized and instrumented swine. Coronary blood flow then was held constant between 35 and 60 minutes at the resulting 35% net blood flow reduction. Although systemic hemodynamics remained stable, a significant decrease in regional left ventricular systolic wall thickening developed (from control value of 45±11% to 18±11% at 60 minutes, P &lt;.001) without a sustained decrease in the phosphorylation potential (as assessed by a &lt;2% decrease in either the transmural or subendocardial phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio) and with minimal myocardial lactate production (4±44 μmol · min −1 · 100 g −1 ). Conclusions Metabolic markers of ischemia such as ratio of phosphocreatine to ATP, ATP content, lactate content, and lactate production were blunted during this protocol of gradually worsening ischemia. Thus, contractile abnormalities of mild ischemia can develop with minimal metabolic evidence of ischemia. The downregulation of myocardial energy requirements can almost keep pace with the gradual decline in coronary blood flow.
Molecular Profiling Uncovers a p53-Associated Role for MicroRNA-31 in Inhibiting the Proliferation of Serous Ovarian Carcinomas and Other Cancers
Authors: Chad J. Creighton, Michael D. Fountain, Zhifeng Yu, Ankur K. Nagaraja, Huifeng Zhu, Mahjabeen Khan, Emuejevoke Olokpa, Azam Zariff, Preethi H. Gunaratne, Martin M. Matzuk, Matthew L. Anderson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate complex patterns of gene expression, and the relevance of altered miRNA expression to ovarian cancer remains to be elucidated. By comprehensively profiling expression of miRNAs and mRNAs in serous ovarian tumors and cell lines and normal ovarian surface epithelium, we identified hundreds of potential miRNA-mRNA targeting associations underlying cancer. Functional overexpression of miR-31, the most underexpressed miRNA in serous ovarian cancer, repressed predicted miR-31 gene targets including the cell cycle regulator E2F2. MIR31 and CDKN2A, which encode p14(ARF) and p16(INK4A), are located at 9p21.3, a genomic region commonly deleted in ovarian and other cancers. p14(ARF) promotes p53 activity, and E2F2 overexpression in p53 wild-type cells normally leads via p14(ARF) to an induction of p53-dependent apoptosis. In a number of serous cancer cell lines with a dysfunctional p53 pathway (i.e., OVCAR8, OVCA433, and SKOV3), miR-31 overexpression inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis; however, in other lines (i.e., HEY and OVSAYO) with functional p53, miR-31 had no effect. Additionally, the osteosarcoma cell line U2OS and the prostate cancer cell line PC3 (p14(ARF)-deficient and p53-deficient, respectively) were also sensitive to miR-31. Furthermore, miR-31 overexpression induced a global gene expression pattern in OVCAR8 associated with better prognosis in tumors from patients with advanced stage serous ovarian cancer, potentially affecting many genes underlying disease progression. Our findings reveal that loss of miR-31 is associated with defects in the p53 pathway and functions in serous ovarian cancer and other cancers, suggesting that patients with cancers deficient in p53 activity might benefit from therapeutic delivery of miR-31.
Matching inhalers and spacer devices
Authors: G. K Crompton, K. Prowse
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR,—Concern has been generated by the pharmaceutical industry about inhalation treatment and large volume spacer devices in advertisements in the Pharmaceutical Journal.1 2 General practitioners and pharmacists are being informed that generic bronchodilator metered dose inhalers should not be used with a large volume spacer since this could lead …
The Reorganization of the California Department of Mental Hygiene
Authors: RICHARD R. PARLOUR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

Little has been published about the major reorganization of state hospitals now occurring in several states in line with a currently popular management theory, management by objectives. If viable, this approach could have profound effects on the role definitions of mental health professionals, the choice of treatment modalities, and ultimately on the philosophic basis of psychiatry.