tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ethanol-induced oxidative stress suppresses generation of peptides for antigen presentation by hepatoma cells
Authors: Natalia A. Osna, Ronda L. White, Sandra Todero, Benita L. Mc Vicker, Geoffrey M. Thiele, Dahn L. Clemens, Dean J. Tuma, Terrence M. Donohue
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Processing of peptides for antigen presentation is catalyzed by antigen-trimming enzymes, including the proteasome and leucine aminopeptidase. Oxidative stress suppresses proteasome function. We hypothesized that in liver cells, processing of antigenic peptides is altered by ethanol metabolism. To address this issue, soluble extracts of ethanol-metabolizing VL-17A cells treated with 100 mM ethanol or left untreated were incubated with C-extended or N-extended 18-27 HBV core peptides. Peptide cleavage was measured by recovery after HPLC. Ethanol exposure to VL-17A cells increased CYP2E1 and decreased proteasome peptidase activities. The latter effect was prevented by treatment of cells with inhibitors, 4-methylpyrazole and diallyl sulfide. Ethanol treatment of VL-17A cells also reduced the activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). Consequently, cleavage of both C-extended and N-extended peptides by cytosolic extracts was suppressed by pretreatment of cells with ethanol. Treatment of cells with interferon gamma, which enhances proteasome activity, did not reverse the effects of ethanol. Ethanol exerted similar effects on WIFB cells, indicating that its effects are not unique to one cell type.Ethanol metabolism suppresses activities of antigen-trimming enzymes, thereby decreasing the cleavage of C-extended and N-extended peptides. This defect may potentially result in decreased MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation on virally infected liver cells.
Tularemia Simulating Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: E. B. Loftin
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have recently seen a patient with a history and clinical manifestations simulating acute myocardial infarction. Other infectious diseases have been reported to do this (1972;222:87). Recognition of this occurrence is important in areas where potentially lethal diseases are endemic (1971;215:1617).<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Report of Cases.—</h3> Our patient was first seen for chest pain in May 1980. His physician diagnosed and treated angina pectoris. From May 1980 to February 1981, the patient remained well. On the evening of Feb 3, after removal of a rectal polyp by his family physician, the patient experienced substernal chest pressure and pain radiating into the neck and left arm, similar to his chest discomfort of 1980. With new ST-segment elevations in limb leads II and III and in the augmented lead aV<sub>F</sub>, he was admitted to our intensive care unit. His temperature was 38.0 °C, and the chest roentgenogram was normal.
Role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in galactosamine hepatitis: Mechanism of adherence to hepatic endothelial cells
Authors: Yutaka Komatsu, Yasushi Shiratori, Tateo Kawase, Naoaki Hashimoto, Katsuken Han, Shuichiro Shiina, Masayuki Matsumura, Yasuro Niwa, Naoya Kato, Minoru Tada, Yusei Ikeda, Mitsugu Tanaka, Masao Omata
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

To investigate the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in galactosamine-induced hepatic injury, we injected rats intraperitoneally with antiserum against rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes to deplete circulating neutrophils, then administered galactosamine plus lipopolysaccharide. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the hepatic sinusoids were increased after administration of galactosamine plus lipopolysaccharide, whereas pretreatment with the antiserum decreased the number of circulating leukocytes and reduced the mortality and the severity of hepatic injury. Serum collected 1 hr after galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide treatment enhanced in vitro polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence to hepatic endothelial cells and induced leukocyte superoxide production. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on hepatic endothelial cells was also enhanced after stimulation with the serum. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion was partially inhibited by an antibody against tumor necrosis factor-α but not by superoxide dismutase. These results suggest that polymorphonuclear leukocytes play an important role in galactosamine-induced hepatic injury and that the accumulation and activation of leukocytes, as well as the enhanced expression of adhesion molecules on hepatic endothelial cells, can be induced by biologically active mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, prostaglandins E 1 and E 2 lessened the enhanced adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and thus contributed to protection against hepatic injury. (Hepatology 1994;20:1548-1556).
Bacteria and cadmium-treated fabrics.
Authors: W H Hughes, R R Davies
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MErBcAJ.OUNAL ventilated varied from 2 hours to 264 hours.The total ventilation time for the 18 patients was 2,088 hours.At the peak period of the epidemic 8 ventilators were used at one time.Out of 18 patients 5 survived.Of the 13 patients who died 10 died with fulminating pneumonia.Two diabetic patients, with blood sugar up to 1,300 mg./100 ml.despite peritoneal dialysis, gradually deteriorated and died.One died after an acute episode of status asthmaticusIn surveying these cases the following findings were of interest: Cerebral vascular episodes were found in three patients during acute viraemia.One patient had epileptiform fits during severe hypoxaemia and viraemia.Hyperkalaemia and a high blood urea were found in severe acidotic patients on admis- sion, while hypokalaemia was the common finding after prolonged treatment of this group of patients.In weaning the patients off the ventilators, the call for reinstitution of intermit- tent positive pressure ventilation was indi- cated when Pao2 fell below 70 mm.Hg and physical exhaustion was observed.-Iam, etc., K. T. TCHEN.St. Mary's General Hospital, Portsmouth.***The reference level for which 10-12 cm.water could
The role of CD4 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the formation of viral vesicles
Authors: S. Morizane, D. Suzuki, K. Tsuji, T. Oono, K. Iwatsuki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Herpetic vesicles caused by herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus, and hydroa vacciniforme (HV) are characterized by umbilicated vesicule formation.To understand the histogenesis of umbilicated vesicles in herpetic vesicles and HV, we demonstrated the presence of the virus-associated molecules in the lesions, and the pathogenic role of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses.Phenotyping of infiltrating cells was carried out in biopsy specimens from herpes simplex, varicella, herpes zoster and HV, and compared with nonviral contact dermatitis. Viral antigens and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small nuclear RNA (EBER) were detected by immunostaining and by in situ hybridization, respectively. Infiltrating CTLs expressing granzyme B and granulysin were determined by double immunostaining using confocal laser scanning microscopy.In all herpetic vesicles, the corresponding viral antigens were observed in the cytopathic keratinocytes, and infiltration of lymphoid cells was present in the upper dermis and around the vessels. In all HV lesions studied, EBER+ T cells made up 5-10% of the dermal infiltrates and the dermal infiltrates contained almost no CD56 cells. CTLs expressing granzyme B and granulysin were present in both herpetic and HV lesions, in which they made up 10-30% of the total dermal infiltrates, whereas they comprised less than 5% of the infiltrates of biopsy specimens from nonviral contact dermatitis. Confocal laser microscopic examination demonstrated that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressed granzyme B and granulysin.CD4+ and/or CD8+ CTLs reactive to the virus-infected cells might be responsible for the histogenesis of herpetic and HV lesions characterized by umbilicated vesicles.
Deaths Associated With Yellow Fever Experiments
Authors: Kenneth B. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The excellent and interesting article (1982;248:1342-1345) entitled "The Death of Walter Reed" by Drs W. H. Crosby and W. S. Haubrich contains one error. In describing the controlled experiment that elucidated the cause of yellow fever and its means of spread, they state, "none of these volunteers died, but the risk of death weighed heavily on Walter Reed." Clara Louise Maass, a US Army nurse, 1876-1901, was one of these volunteers and died of yellow fever. She was commemorated on a 13-cent stamp on Aug 18, 1976. She was a nurse trained in a New Jersey hospital (Belleville, NJ) that now bears her name.
Valproic Acid Enhances the Efficacy of Chemotherapy in EBV-Positive Tumors by Increasing Lytic Viral Gene Expression
Authors: Wen-hai Feng, Shannon C. Kenney
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract EBV infection in tumor cells is generally restricted to the latent forms of viral infection. Switching the latent form of viral infection into the lytic form may induce tumor cell death. We have previously reported that certain chemotherapy agents can increase the amount of lytic viral gene expression in EBV-positive tumor cells. In this report, we have explored the potential utility of valproic acid (VPA), an anti-seizure drug that also has strong histone deacetylase inhibitory activity, for activating lytic viral gene expression in EBV-positive tumors. Although VPA treatment alone induced only a modest increase in the level of lytic viral gene expression, it strongly enhanced the ability of chemotherapeutic agents to induce lytic EBV gene expression in EBV-positive epithelial and lymphoid cells in vitro. Furthermore, VPA enhanced cell killing in vitro by chemotherapeutic agents in lymphoblastoid cells and gastric cells (AGS) containing wild-type EBV. In contrast, VPA did not enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy in lymphoblastoid cells containing a lytic-defective (BZLF1-knockout) form of EBV or in EBV-negative AGS cells. Finally, we found that the combination of VPA and chemotherapy was significantly more effective in inhibiting EBV-driven lymphoproliferative disease in severe combined immunodeficient mice than chemotherapy alone. These results suggest that VPA could potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy for EBV-positive tumors in patients. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8762-9)
ADDRESS ON GENERAL MEDICINE. THE MALARIAL DISORDERS OF LARGE CITIES, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHICAGO.
Authors: WM. E. QUINE
Journal: JAMA (1895)

It is a fact of familiar observation and comment that irregular cases of malarial disorder are occasionally met with at all seasons of the year and in all localities. It is equally well known that the conditions existing in large cities are inimical to the production of the malarial poison. The busiest metropolitan physician sees very few examples of frank periodical malarial fever that unquestionably originated in paved and sewered portions of his city. The rare cases that do occur are accounted for upon the assumption of "limited foci " of infection. If an excavation for building purposes is found in the neighborhood, no matter what the season of the year, it is readily assumed that the upturning of the soil is the cause of the patient's sickness. Or, if the individual has been out of the city, at any time within a period of a year or two, it is
Breast Cancer and Body Temperature
Authors: R N Lawson, M S Chughtai
Journal: JAMA (1963)

There is frequently a material difference in the metabolic liberation of heat energy between normal and cancer cells. This cannot be accounted for on the basis of an increased circulation. The increased heat in the tumour and surrounding host area as compared to normal tissue can be detected by the aid of modern heat-recording apparatus. New practical temperature-recording techniques, the results of their use and the implications are described.
THE EVALUATION OF ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA.
Authors: WINFIELD S. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The term anthropometric data may be applied to the numerical results of all observations on the structure or functions of man, i. e., such observations as: weight, height, and bone lengths in general; girth of head, body or limbs at the different levels; lateral or dorso-ventral diameters of trunk at different levels; facial measurements, including facial angles; cranial measurements; pelvic measurements; strength tests; acuteness of vision, of hearing, of feeling, and of taste; time of sense-reaction; pulse rate; blood pressure; respiratory rate; expansion of chest; lung capacity, and amount of tidal air; number of corpuscles per unit volume of blood; percentage of hemoglobin of blood, etc. These are the more important groups of anthropometric data. A glance at the wide field covered by such data makes it evident that a very large proportion of the research work done by medical men involves the recording of numerical data. There may be
Private hospital planned to delay NHS operations to boost income
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Department of Health for England has been forced to intervene after a private hospital that treats NHS patients told doctors to delay operations booked through the NHS Choose and Book scheme so that more patients would opt to pay for their operations privately.

Consultants at BMI Healthcare’s Meriden Hospital in Coventry were instructed by Bernie Creaven, its chief executive, to introduce a delay of four weeks from when they see a patient in the outpatient department to when they operate on them. The delay would be gradually extended to eight weeks from September, she said.

The reason she gave was that there was not enough “differentiation” between NHS and private patients and that this was …
Thyroid Refractoriness in an Athyreotic Cretin Fed Soybean Formula
Authors: Aldo Pinchera, Margaret H. MacGillivray, John D. Crawford, Allan G. Freeman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

GOITER and hypothyroidism have occasionally been reported in infants fed soybean diets.1 2 3 4 5 in these patients both goiter and hypothyroidism have disappeared when soybean was eliminated. Since 1959 a widely used commercial brand of soybean has been supplemented with iodide,6 and to our knowledge no further cases of soybean-induced goiters have been observed.The athyreotic cretin described below showed persistent hypothyroidism while being fed a soy formula, in spite of receiving large doses of desiccated thyroid. Since laboratory animals on soy diet acquire goiter associated with fecal wastage of thyroxine7 8 9 we proposed that refractoriness of this infant to exogenous thyroid might . . .
Abstract 3573: 17β-estradiol enhances hPygopus2 expression via ERα-SP1 promoter complexes.
Authors: Youlian R. Tzenov, Phillip G. Andrews, Kenneth R. Kao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: The chromatin remodeling protein Human Pygopus2 (hPYGO2) is widely overexpressed in, and required for the proliferation of several cancer cell lines derived from a variety of tumors. Because of the requirement of hPYGO2 for the G1/S cell cycle transition, its cell cycle dependent expression and its regulation by the Retinoblastoma protein in breast cancer (BC) cells, we hypothesized a fundamental link to the cell cycle. Thus, due to their predominant role in BC, we tested if 17β-estradiol (E2) would cause upregulation of hPYGO2 through Estrogen receptor alpha-SP1 transcription factor (ERα-SP1) promoter complexes.Methods: Eight ERα positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) BC cell lines were grown in low serum conditions and treated with ERα agonists and/or antagonists. mRNA levels were analyzed by Q-PCR and protein by immunoblot. ERα and SP1 promoter binding sites and DNA binding domains were functionally inactivated by site-directed mutagenesis. ERα and SP1 occupancy at the hPYGO2 promoter after treatment with various activators/inhibitors was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Cell cycle progression was assessed by flow cytometry.Results: hPygopus2 mRNA and protein levels were higher in ER+ BC cells relative to ER- cells. ERα agonists induced, while antagonists inhibited, hPygopus2 mRNA and protein expression. ERα and SP1 occupancy at the hPYGO2 promoter required intact promoter binding sites and functional DNA binding domains. E2 increased, while Fulvestrant decreased, ERα binding to the hPYGO2 promoter while having no effect on SP1 binding. SP1 directed siRNA reduced SP1 occupancy at the hPYGO2 promoter and decreased hPygopus2 mRNA and protein expression in both ER+ and ER- cells. Treatment with betulinic acid, an SP1 inhibitor, resulted in cell cycle arrest in ER- BC cell lines.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that ERα and SP1 regulate hPygopus2 expression via promoter binding and that SP1 continues to play a role in hPYGO2 regulation in ER- cells, thereby revealing the potential efficacy of betulinic acid as a treatment for endocrine-disruptor resistant BC. Citation Format: Youlian R. Tzenov, Phillip G. Andrews, Kenneth R. Kao. 17β-estradiol enhances hPygopus2 expression via ERα-SP1 promoter complexes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3573. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3573
Immunogene Therapy for Murine Melanoma Using Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors Expressing Melanoma-Associated Antigens
Authors: Michael A. Perricone, Kirsten A. Claussen, Karen A. Smith, Johanne M. Kaplan, Susan Piraino, Srinivas Shankara, Bruce L. Roberts
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Adenoviral vectors expressing tumor-associated antigens can be used to evoke a specific immune response and inhibit tumor growth. In this study, we tested the efficacy of adenoviral vectors encoding human gp100 (Ad2/hugp100), murine gp100 (Ad2/mugp100), or murine TRP-2 (Ad2/muTRP-2) for their ability to elicit a specific cellular immune response and inhibit the growth of B16 melanoma tumor cells in the mouse. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with Ad2/hugp100, Ad2/mugp100, or Ad2/muTRP-2 either 2 weeks prior to B16-F10 tumor challenge (prophylactic treatment) or 3 days after tumor challenge (active treatment). Ad2/hugp100 and Ad2/muTRP-2 administered to two or more intradermal (i.d.) sites inhibited subsequent subcutaneous tumor growth in > or = 80% of the mice and elicited an antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response, whereas other administration routes were not as effective. Ad2/mugp100 administered to two i.d. sites did not inhibit tumor growth or provoke cellular immunity. Immunization was less effective with active treatment where tumor growth was not significantly inhibited by a single dose of either Ad2/muTRP-2 or Ad2/hugp100. However, increasing the number of intradermal immunization sites and the number of doses resulted in progressive improvements in protection from tumor growth in the active treatment model. In conclusion, breaking host tolerance to elicit protective immunity by using adenoviral vectors expressing melanoma-associated antigens is dependent upon the choice of antigen, the site of administration, and the number of doses. These observations provide insights into the clinical applicability of adenoviral vaccines for immunotherapy of malignant diseases.
Comparison of Blood Glucose Testing Using Reagent Strips With and Without a Meter (Chemstrips bG and Dextrostix/Dextrometer)
Authors: Paul Kubilis, Arlan L Rosenbloom, Dennis Lezotte, Janet H Silverstein, Pat Cimino, Eric D Rosenbloom, Chris Harvey
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Eighteen counselors at a children's diabetes camp examined 360 blood specimens using the Dextrostix/Dextrometer (DX/DM) and Chemstrip bG (CS) systems. Sixty-five percent of the DX/DM and 60% of the CS observations were within 20% of plasma glucose results determined with the glucose analyzer (P = 0.19). CS errors were underestimates below 150 mg/dl and overestimates above that level. DX/DM reading errors were almost exclusively underestimates.
Reduced expression of COXs and production of prostaglandin E2 in patients with nasal polyps with or without aspirin-intolerant asthma
Authors: Jordi Roca-Ferrer, Francesc J. Garcia-Garcia, Javier Pereda, Maria Perez-Gonzalez, Laura Pujols, Isam Alobid, Joaquim Mullol, Cesar Picado
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF BILIARY AND RENAL CALCULUS SHADOWS
Authors: Daniel N. Eisendrath
Journal: JAMA (1927)

At times the question arises as to whether a given shadow is that of a calculus in the gallbladder or kidney. Such a problem presented itself in a recent case in which a shadow in the right renal area appeared on the plain roentgenographic film. We deemed it advisable to study the relation of this shadow (<i>A</i>) to a cholecystogram. In the ordinary anteroposterior exposure (<i>B</i>) the suspected renal calculus shadow is entirely included in that of the gallbladder. In another exposure (<i>C</i>) taken at a slightly different angle the shadow projects a little mesially to that of the cholecystogram, thus revealing the fact that the calculus is not in the gallbladder. In a third (<i>D</i>) lateral view the separation of the shadow of the calculus from that of the gallbladder is most marked. We believe that this method will be of great value in cases in which pyelography
Ovulatory and Metabolic Effects of d-<i>Chiro</i>-Inositol in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: John E. Nestler, Daniela J. Jakubowicz, Paula Reamer, Ronald D. Gunn, Geoffrey Allan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Women with the polycystic ovary syndrome have insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, possibly because of a deficiency of a d-chiro-inositol–containing phosphoglycan that mediates the action of insulin. We hypothesized that the administration of d-chiro-inositol would replenish stores of the mediator and improve insulin sensitivity.
Global Epigenomic Analysis of Primary Human Pancreatic Islets Provides Insights into Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility Loci
Authors: Michael L. Stitzel, Praveen Sethupathy, Daniel S. Pearson, Peter S. Chines, Lingyun Song, Michael R. Erdos, Ryan Welch, Stephen C.J. Parker, Alan P. Boyle, Laura J. Scott, Elliott H. Margulies, Michael Boehnke, Terrence S. Furey, Gregory E. Crawford, Francis S. Collins
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Altruism, Self-interest, and Medical Ethics
Authors: Edmund D. Pellegrino
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Nothing more exposes a physician's true ethics than the way he or she balances his or her own interests against those of the patient. Whether the physician is refusing to care for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for fear of contagion (the subject Zuger and Miles<sup>1</sup>discuss in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>) or withdrawing from emergency department service for fear of malpractice suits, striking for better pay or fees, or earning a gatekeeper's bonus by blocking access to medical care, the question raised is the same. Does medicine entail effacement of the physician's self-interests—even to the point of personal and financial risk? Is some degree of altruism a moral obligation, or is nonmaleficence the limit of the physician's mandatory beneficence? How far does physician advocacy go?<sup>2</sup>What does the concept of physician as advocate mean?<sup>3</sup> As Zuger and Miles' article points out, although the question