tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Individual and Societal Effects of Mental Disorders on Earnings in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Authors: Ronald C. Kessler, Steven Heeringa, Matthew D. Lakoma, Maria Petukhova, Agnes E. Rupp, Michael Schoenbaum, Philip S. Wang, Alan M. Zaslavsky
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

The purpose of this report was to update previous estimates of the association between mental disorders and earnings. Current estimates for 2002 are based on data from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R).The NCS-R is a nationally representative survey of the U.S. household population that was administered from 2001 to 2003. Following the same basic approach as prior studies, with some modifications to improve model fitting, the authors predicted personal earnings in the 12 months before interview from information about 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV mental disorders among respondents ages 18-64, controlling for sociodemographic variables and substance use disorders. The authors used conventional demographic rate standardization methods to distinguish predictive effects of mental disorders on amount earned by persons with earnings from predictive effects on probability of having any earnings.A DSM-IV serious mental illness in the preceding 12 months significantly predicted reduced earnings. Other 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV/CIDI mental disorders did not. Respondents with serious mental illness had 12-month earnings averaging $16,306 less than other respondents with the same values for control variables ($26,435 among men, $9,302 among women), for a societal-level total of $193.2 billion. Of this total, 75.4% was due to reduced earnings among mentally ill persons with any earnings (79.6% men, 69.6% women). The remaining 24.6% was due to reduced probability of having any earnings.These results add to a growing body of evidence that mental disorders are associated with substantial societal-level impairments that should be taken into consideration when making decisions about the allocation of treatment and research resources.
LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION STRICTLY REDUCING LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) CHOLESTEROL WITH STATIN – IMPORTANCE OF PATIENTS WITH LOW LDL AT BASELINE –
Authors: Shigemitsu Tanaka, Yoshihiro Morino, Nobuhiko Ogata, Takashi Matsukage, Naoki Masuda, Gaku Nakazawa, Toshiharu Fujii, Seiji Tamiya, Daiki Itou, Makiyoshi Shima, Eri Toda, Yoshinari Kamiyama, Takayuki Iida, Takashi Ijichi, Teruhisa Tanabe, Yuji Ikari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Oxidant metabolism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: A.W. Boots, G.R.M.M. Haenen, A. Bast
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

The development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been associated with increased oxidative stress or reduced antioxidant resources. Several indicators of oxidative stress, such as hydrogen peroxide exhalation, lipid peroxidation products and degraded proteins, are indeed elevated in COPD patients. As a result, the antioxidant capacity decreases in COPD patients. The fall in antioxidant capacity of blood from COPD patients should not only be regarded as a reflection of the occurrence of oxidative stress but also as evidence that oxidative stress spreads out to the circulation and can therefore generate a systemic effect. COPD is linked to weight loss and in particular to loss in fat­free mass by skeletal muscle wasting. This systemic effect can be mediated by both oxidative stress and oxidative stress­mediated processes like apoptosis and inflammation. Furthermore, COPD is a predisposition for lung cancer through several mechanisms including oxidative stress and oxidative stress­mediated processes such as inflammation and disruption of genomic integrity. Current therapeutic interventions against the far­reaching consequences of the systemic oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are not yet optimised. A diet designed to reduce chronic metabolic stress might form an effective therapeutic strategy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasm-Associated Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Matthew David Morgan, Lorraine Harper, Julie Williams, Caroline Savage
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, and renal limited vasculitis are associated with circulating anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies and are an important cause of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. This review gives an account of recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis underlying these conditions and how these may lead to future treatments. Consideration is given to recent clinical trials in the management of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitides.
Osteopontin, a missing link in PDGF-induced smooth muscle cell migration
Authors: K BOSTROM
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

See article by Jalvy et al.  [8]  (pages 738–747) in this issue .

Cell migration might be considered one of the most basic requirements in vascular development and one of the most basic problems in vascular disease. Recruitment of precursors to vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) is essential for the formation of vascular media in embryonic development [1], but it also fuels the growth of atherosclerotic plaques and neointimal hyperplasia after angioplasty [2,3]. Conversely, lack of recruitment of SMC precursor cells may contribute to arterio-venous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia [4]. Lack of pericytes, often considered to be the SMC correlate in the microvasculature, causes defective microvascular homeostasis [5].

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), in particular PDGF-BB, is recognized as a key factor for SMC migration and proliferation [6]. As such, it is essential for the formation of the vascular wall, and deletion of the PDGF-B gene results in … 

* Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951679, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, United States. Tel.: +1 310 794 4417; fax: +1 310 2068553. kbostrom{at}mednet.ucla.edu
Diagnosis of Suspicious Thyroid Nodules Using Four Protein Biomarkers
Authors: Janete M. Cerutti, Flavia R.M. Latini, Claudia Nakabashi, Rosana Delcelo, Victor P. Andrade, Marcelo João Amadei, Rui M.B. Maciel, Flavio C. Hojaij, Donna Hollis, Jennifer Shoemaker, Gregory J. Riggins
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, a standard method for thyroid nodule diagnosis, cannot distinguish between benign follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) and malignant follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). Previously, using expression profiling, we found that a combination of transcript expression levels from DDIT3, ARG2, C1orf24, and ITM1 distinguished between FTA and FTC. The goal of this study was to determine if antibody markers used alone or in combination could accurately distinguish between a wider variety of benign and malignant thyroid lesions in fixed sections and FNA samples. Experimental Design: Immunohistochemistry was done on 27 FTA, 25 FTC, and 75 other benign and malignant thyroid tissue sections using custom antibodies for chromosome 1 open reading frame 24 (C1orf24) and integral membrane protein 1 (ITM1) and commercial antibodies for DNA damage–inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) and arginase II (ARG2). FNA samples were also tested using the same antibodies. RNA expression was measured by quantitative PCR in 33 thyroid lesions. Results: C1orf24 and ITM1 antibodies had an estimated sensitivity of 1.00 for distinguishing FTA from FTC. For the expanded analysis of all lesions studied, ITM1 had an estimated sensitivity of 1.00 for detecting malignancy. Because all four cancer biomarkers did well, producing overlapping confidence intervals, not one best marker was distinguished. Transcript levels also reliably predicted malignancy, but immunohistochemistry had a higher sensitivity. Malignant cells were easily detected in FNA samples using these markers. Conclusions: We improved this diagnostic test by adding C1orf24 and ITM1 custom antibodies and showing use on a wider variety of thyroid pathology. We recommend that testing of all four cancer biomarkers now be advanced to larger trials. Use of one or more of these antibodies should improve diagnostic accuracy of suspicious thyroid nodules from both tissue sections and FNA samples.
Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assessment of Immune Reactivity in Melanoma Patients After Tumor Peptide Vaccination
Authors: U. S. Kammula, F. M. Marincola, S. A. Rosenberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Background: Monitoring the immune response to epitope-specific vaccination in cancer patients is important for vaccine development. The traditional method, in which the in vitro sensitization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with epitope is compared before and after vaccination, is time-consuming and allows only a qualitative assessment of the response. We used a rapid, quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to directly measure the immune reactivity of patients' PBMCs to the vaccine epitope. Methods: PBMCs were obtained from melanoma patients before and after two rounds of vaccination with either g209-2M, a peptide derived from melanoma protein gp100 (n = 24), or ESg209-2M, a modified version of this peptide (n = 20). PBMCs were tested for immune reactivity by assaying interferon gamma (IFN γ) protein release after in vitro sensitization with the epitope or for IFN γ messenger RNA expression by real-time PCR. A twofold or more increase in IFN γ protein release or a 1.5-fold or more increase in IFN γ transcript accumulation in PBMCs after vaccination was considered to be evidence of a specific response. Correlation between the two methods was tested by use of the Spearman correlation coefficient after the results were ranked as positive or negative. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The results obtained with the two methods were strongly correlated (Spearman's rho = 0.72; P = .0006). The g209-2M and Esg209-2M peptides resulted in similar percentages of vaccine-specific reactivity in PBMCs after in vitro sensitization (63% and 65% of patients, respectively; Fisher's exact test P = .6 for comparison of the two groups). The PCR method could detect vaccine-specific reactivity in a subset of patients (38% and 35% of patients, respectively; Fisher's exact test P = .7 for comparison of the two groups). Conclusion: Vaccination induces circulating antitumor lymphocytes, albeit in low frequencies, capable of directly reacting with tumor antigen. PBMCs of vaccinated individuals can respond to a vaccine-specific stimulus in a direct assay that does not require prolonged in vitro manipulations.
High-Dose Antithrombin III in Severe Sepsis
Authors: Brian L. Warren, Alain Eid, Pierre Singer, Subramanion S. Pillay, Peder Carl, Ivan Novak, Pavel Chalupa, Alan Atherstone, Istvan Pénzes, Andrezej Kübler, Sigurd Knaub, Heinz-Otto Keinecke, Hubert Heinrichs, Fritz Schindel, Mathias Juers, Roger C. Bone, Steven M. Opal, None for the KyberSept Trial Study Group
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextActivation of the coagulation system and depletion of endogenous anticoagulants are frequently found in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Diffuse microthrombus formation may induce organ dysfunction and lead to excess mortality in septic shock. Antithrombin III may provide protection from multiorgan failure and improve survival in severely ill patients.ObjectiveTo determine if high-dose antithrombin III (administered within 6 hours of onset) would provide a survival advantage in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.Design and SettingDouble-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 3 clinical trial in patients with severe sepsis (the KyberSept Trial) was conducted from March 1997 through January 2000.PatientsA total of 2314 adult patients were randomized into 2 equal groups of 1157 to receive either intravenous antithrombin III (30 000 IU in total over 4 days) or a placebo (1% human albumin).Main Outcome MeasureAll-cause mortality 28 days after initiation of study medication.ResultsOverall mortality at 28 days in the antithrombin III treatment group was 38.9% vs 38.7% in the placebo group (P = .94). Secondary end points, including mortality at 56 and 90 days and survival time in the intensive care unit, did not differ between the antithrombin III and placebo groups. In the subgroup of patients who did not receive concomitant heparin during the 4-day treatment phase (n = 698), the 28-day mortality was nonsignificantly lower in the antithrombin III group (37.8%) than in the placebo group (43.6%) (P = .08). This trend became significant after 90 days (n = 686; 44.9% for antithrombin III group vs 52.5% for placebo group; P = .03). In patients receiving antithrombin III and concomitant heparin, a significantly increased bleeding incidence was observed (23.8% for antithrombin III group vs 13.5% for placebo group; P&lt;.001).ConclusionsHigh-dose antithrombin III therapy had no effect on 28-day all-cause mortality in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock when administered within 6 hours after the onset. High-dose antithrombin III was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhage when administered with heparin. There was some evidence to suggest a treatment benefit of antithrombin III in the subgroup of patients not receiving concomitant heparin.
Immune Mediators in Patients With Acute Diabetic Foot Syndrome
Authors: Christian Weigelt, Bettina Rose, Ulrike Poschen, Dan Ziegler, Gerd Friese, Kerstin Kempf, Wolfgang Koenig, Stephan Martin, Christian Herder
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE Subclinical inflammation is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes and diabetes complications. However, data on the association between inflammation and acute diabetic foot syndrome are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare systemic immune mediators in diabetic patients with and without an ulcer and to identify modulating factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Circulating levels of acute-phase proteins, cytokines, and chemokines were measured in diabetic patients with an ulcer (n = 170) and without an ulcer (n = 140). Of the patients, 88% had type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Patients with an acute foot ulcer had higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin (IL)-6, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and interferon-γ–inducible protein-10 as well as lower levels of RANTES (regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted) (all P &amp;lt; 0.01). No differences were found for IL-8, IL-18, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Most of these associations persisted after adjustment for demographic and anthropometric data, metabolic confounders, and diabetes complications. In multivariate models, size of ulcer according to the University of Texas classification but not the grade of infection was independently associated with three markers of subclinical inflammation (CRP, IL-6, and fibrinogen). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate in our cross-sectional study that acute foot ulcers and their severity are associated with a marked upregulation of acute-phase proteins, cytokines, and chemokines independently of the concomitant infection. Further studies should investigate whether an activation of the immune system precedes the development of foot ulcer and whether anti-inflammatory therapies might be effective.
Differential effects of strength versus power training on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a 2-year longitudinal study
Authors: Simon von Stengel, Wolfgang Kemmler, Willi A Kalender, Klaus Engelke, Dirk Lauber
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

Objectives: To investigate the effect of two different schemes of loading in resistance training on bone mineral density (BMD) and pain in pretrained postmenopausal women. Methods: 53 pretrained women (mean (SD) age 58.2 (3.7) years) who carried out a mixed resistance and gymnastics programme were randomly assigned to a strength training (ST) or power training (PT) group. The difference between the two groups was the movement velocity during the resistance training (ST, 4 s (concentric)/4 s (eccentric); PT, explosive/4 s). Otherwise both groups carried out periodised progressive resistance training (10–12 exercises, 2–4 sets, 4–12 repetitions at 70–92.5% of the one-repetition maximum (2/week) for 2 years. Mechanical loading was determined with a force measuring plate during the leg press exercise. At baseline and after 2 years, BMD was measured at different sites with dual x -ray absorptiometry. Pain was assessed by questionnaire. Results: Loading magnitude, loading/unloading rate, loading amplitude and loading frequency differed significantly (p&lt;0.001) between the two groups. After 2 years, significant between-group differences were detected for BMD (PT, −0.3%; ST, −2.4%; p&lt;0.05) and bone area (PT, 0.4%; ST, −0.9%; p&lt;0.05) at the lumbar spine. At the hip, there was a non-significant trend in favour of the PT group. Also the incidence of pain indicators at the lumbar spine was more favourable in the PT group. Conclusion: The results show that PT may be superior for maintaining BMD in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, PT was safe as it did not lead to increased injury or pain.
<i>WTH3</i>, which Encodes a Small G Protein, Is Differentially Regulated in Multidrug-Resistant and Sensitive MCF7 Cells
Authors: Kegui Tian, Vladimir Jurukovski, Liming Yuan, Jidong Shan, Haopeng Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The WTH3 gene's biological characteristics and relationship to multidrug resistance (MDR) were investigated further. Results showed that WTH3 was mainly located in the cytosol and capable of binding to GTP. In addition, WTH3's promoter function was significantly attenuated in MDR (MFC7/AdrR) relative to non-MDR (MCF7/WT) cells. Advanced analyses indicated that two mechanisms could be involved in WTH3's down-regulation: DNA methylation and trans-element modulations. It was found that the 5′ end portion of a CpG island in WTH3's promoter was hypermethylated in MCF7/AdrR but not MCF7/WT cells, which could have a negative effect on the WTH3 promoter. This idea was supported by the observation that a 45-bp sequence (DMR45) in this differentially methylated region positively influenced promoter activity. We also discovered that different nuclear proteins in MCF7/AdrR and MCF7/WT cells bound to methylated or nonmethylated DMR45. Moreover, a sequence containing a unique repeat that was also a positive cis-element for the promoter was attached by different transcription factors depending on whether they were prepared from MCF7/AdrR or MCF7/WT cells. These molecular changes, apparently induced by drug treatment, resulted in WTH3's down regulation in MDR cells. Therefore, present studies support previous observations that WTH3, as a negative regulator, participates in MDR development in MCF7/AdrR cells.
Double balloon enteroscopy reveals the diagnosis in chronic gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: H-H Yen, Y-Y Chen, M-S Soon
Journal: Gut (2007)

A 65-year-old woman underwent double-balloon enteroscopy for obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Her medical history was remarkable for three admissions to our hospital because of gastrointestinal bleeding 8 months, 10 months and 5 years ago, respectively. …
The Dynamics of Estrogen Receptor Status in Breast Cancer: Re-shaping the Paradigm
Authors: Sara Lopez-Tarruella, Rachel Schiff
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Bayliss et al. ([1][1]) report that inhibiting inherent p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity in estrogen receptor (ER) α–negative breast cancer established cell lines, and in ex vivo tissue and primary cultures of human ER-negative
Instrumentation Aspects of Animal PET
Authors: Yuan-Chuan Tai, Richard Laforest
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2005)

Biological research has been accelerated by the development of noninvasive imaging techniques and by use of genetically engineered mice to model human diseases and normal development. Because these mice can be expensive, noninvasive imaging techniques, such as high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET), that permit longitudinal studies of the same animals are very attractive. Such studies reduce the number of animals used, reduce intersubject variability, and improve the accuracy of biological models. PET provides quantitative measurements of the spatiotemporal distribution of radiotracers and is an extremely powerful tool in using molecular imaging to study biology, to monitor disease intervention, and to establish pharmacokinetics for new drugs. The design of animal PET scanners has improved significantly in the past decade and can provide adequate image resolution and sensitivity to study transgenic mice. This article reviews the fundamental and technical challenges of small-animal PET imaging, with a particular focus on the latest developments and future directions of detector technologies and system design.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Clinical characteristics of 4133 patients enrolled in the I‐PRESERVE trial
Authors: John J.V. McMurray, Peter E. Carson, Michel Komajda, Robert McKelvie, Michael R. Zile, Agata Ptaszynska, Christoph Staiger, J. Mark Donovan, Barry M. Massie
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Determinants of effective ventilation during nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation
Authors: VF Parreira, V Jounieaux, P Delguste, G Aubert, M Dury, DO Rodenstein
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Our aim was to verify in healthy subjects submitted to nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (nIPPV) with a volumetric ventilator on controlled mode, whether changes in ventilator settings (delivered tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (fR) and inspiratory flow (V'I) could influence effective minute ventilation (V'E), thus allowing identification of the settings resulting in the highest V'E during nIPPV. We then compared these experimentally obtained "best" settings to those obtained retrospectively in a group of patients submitted to long-term nIPPV for clinical reasons. We studied 10 healthy subjects awake and asleep, and 33 patients with restrictive ventilatory disorders. Changes in delivered V'I (for a constant delivered VT and fR) led to significant changes in V'E. V'E was significantly higher when a given delivered V'E was obtained using higher fR and lower VT than when it was obtained using lower delivered fR and higher VT. Increases in fR generally resulted in increases in V'E. The "best" settings derived from these results were: VT: 13 mL.kg-1 of body weight; fR: 20 breaths.min-1 and V'I: 0.56-0.85 L.s-1. The corresponding average values found in the patient group were: delivered VT: 14 mL.kg-1; fR: 23 breaths.min-1 and delivered V'I: 0.51 L.s-1. Changes in minute ventilation resulting from modifications in ventilator settings can be attributed to the glottic response to mechanical influences. This leads to "ideal" settings quite different from the standard ones in intubated patients. Values derived from nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in healthy subjects seem to apply to patients submitted to long-term nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation.
Current evaluations of information technology in health care are often inadequate
Authors: H. A Heathfield, I. E Buchan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Two recent articles debated the value of information technology to the NHS and called for further evidence from evaluation studies to inform future investment in information technology.1 2 These articles draw attention to both the scarcity of evaluation studies of information technology in health care and the lack of scientific rigour of such studies. They reflect current opinion, which strongly advocates the use of economic analyses and randomised controlled trials.

While we agree with the need to …