tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Everything You Wanted to Know about Honeybee Sex
Authors: J. Caspermeyer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

There is an exquisite genetic control behind a honeybee’s fate in the hive—from the lowly drone to the almighty queen— which literally represents the bee’s knees for evolutionary scientists exploring how multiple mutations, or alleles, of a single gene called the complementary sex determiner (csd )c an have ap rofound inf luence on honeybee society. Unlike people, there are no X and Y sex chromosomes for bees. Rather, sex is determined by csd gene and its allelic composition and whether a queen bee chooses to fertilize her eggs. Female bees (queens or workers) come from fertilized eggs, always receiving two different (heterozygote) copies of csd. Fertile males always come from unfertilized eggs, receiving only one copy of csd. Two identical (homozygote) copies ofcsd in fertilized eggs is always lethal; these individuals are being killed at the early larval stage by worker bees as they would develop into diploid males which do not contribute to colony fitness. Lechner et al. (2013) have now examined the exquisite molecular control behind the sex determination, finely identifying and tracing back a comprehensive number of csd alleles to create a richer understanding of the variability of the csd gene over evolutionary time. They looked at a data set of 244 csd sequences from queens, worker bees, and drones and showed that the total number of csd alleles found in bees ranges from at least 53 (locally) to 87 (worldwide), which is much higher than previously reported. Using an evolutionary model, they also extrapolated the presence of a total 116–145 csd alleles worldwide, a great example of the enormous sequence variability within csd. They were able to finely decipher the minimum number of mutations leading to heterozygous csd, identify faster evolving hot spots within the csd gene, and how these may contribute to variability. “Comprehensive insights into the sequence variability of the sex determining gene csd in honeybees elucidate the evolutionary processes that lead to the enormous number of csd alleles found worldwide,” said Hasselmann. Finally, they traced the data back over evolutionary time and found that a novel csd function affecting sex determination arises about every 400,000 years. The study provides one of the most comprehensive views of the enormous genetic diversity and the evolutionary forces shaping sex determination in bees, as well as how changes in csd affect honeybee colony fitness.
Accuracy of Two Systems for Blood Glucose Monitoring without a Meter (Chemstrip/Visidex)
Authors: Janet H Silverstein, Arlan L Rosenbloom, Derrel W Clarke, Rebecca Spillar, Jane F Pendergast
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Blood specimens collected from 159 campers were tested using Visidex (VD) (Ames Company, Elkhart, Indiana) and Chemstrip (CS) (Bio-Dynamics, Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, Indiana) compared with glucose analyzer (GA) results. Readers were physicians, two with no prior experience using either strip and two with some experience using CS. Subsequently, 30 clinic patients and 4 staff contributed random specimens that were read by a trained novice as 68 discrete samples and compared with GA results. In both studies readers did not place blood on the strips and were thus blinded as to source and the possible previous reading with the other strip. Correlations of VD and CS with GA for camp and clinic data were calculated. Data were compared for reliability and errors greater than 20% of reference values (GA) were compared for VD and CS. CS correlated better with GA than did VD estimates. Reliability was also significantly greater for CS than for VD readings. Both of these visually read methods provided clinically useful estimates of glycemia.
PREVENTION OF POST-TRANSFUSION NON-A, NON-B HEPATITIS BY NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN HEART SURGERY PATIENTS
Authors: A. Sanchez-Quijano, E. Lissen, M.A. Diaz-Torres, F. Rivera, J.A. Pineda, M. Leal, F. Garcia de Pesquera, R. Castro, J. Muñoz
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Head of ME association is sacked
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The medical director of Britain's largest charity for people with chronic fatigue syndrome has been sacked after he claimed that the organisation has lost its direction and wasted its money.

Dr Charles Shepherd, for years the leading medical spokesman for British people with the condition, which is also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), had his contract with the ME Association abruptly terminated for breach of confidence and making statements “likely to bring the MEA into disrepute.”

In letters to several websites run by various ME groups and patients, Dr Shepherd said that the association was running out of money and expressed concern that funds earmarked for research in a special account might be used for other purposes. He also said that the resignation of three …
Prolonged Patency of a Beck 2 Anastomosis Complicated by Recurrent Bacteremia
Authors: Robert D. Conn
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The Beck 2 aorta-coronary sinus anastomosis was performed on a number of patients with angina pectoris in the early 1950's. The case described herein represents the longest persistently patent Beck 2 anastomosis, and the only known instance of recurrent bacteremia occurring as a complication of this operation. This case is of further interest in that it points out many of the systemic complications of staphylococcal bacteremia and, to our knowledge, is the only reported instance of Staphylococcus aureus infection of an acquired arteriovenous fistula.
Oxford Handbook of Acute MedicineOxford Handbook of Acute Medicine for PDAs
Authors: William Ventres, Patrick Brunett
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The efficacy of an aromatic retinoid, Tigason (etretinate), in the treatment of Darier's disease
Authors: S.M. BURGE, J.D. WILKINSON, A.J. MILLER, T.J. RYAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Eighteen patients with Darier's disease were treated for at least 3 months with the oral aromatic retinoid Tigason (etretinate, Ro 10-9359). Seventeen of the 18 patients improved but adverse effects were seen in all patients, and were particularly severe in 6. No haematological or biochemical abnormalities were detected during treatment. We conclude that Tigason is an important advance in the treatment of Darier's disease but adverse effects restrict its use in some patients.
The trainee year--a critical appraisal.
Authors: J B Donald
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Answers to questionnaires distributed to all trainees in the Scottish south-east region in 1972 and 1973 showed a wide variation between the standard of teaching in individual practices. This was partly due to a failure of the organizing bodies to give proper guidance on the modern concepts of training to the trainers, and partly to a lack of enthusaism by some of the trainers. It is particularly important that the training practices are well equipped with equipment and books and journals relating to general practice. For the trainee vocational training programmes, attendance at day release courses, contact with fellow trainees, and appropriate "on call" duties are similarly important. If these and other recommendations were brought to the attention of the trainers by an effective, co-ordinating committee, the standards of general practice teaching would rise, as would the quality of patient care in the community.
Optimized gene transfer into human primary leukemic T cell with NOD-SCID/leukemia-initiating cell activity
Authors: B Gerby, F Armstrong, P B de la Grange, H Medyouf, J Calvo, E Verhoeyen, F L Cosset, I Bernstein, S Amselem, N Boissel, H Dombret, T Leblanc, A Baruchel, J Landman-Parker, P Ballerini, F Pflumio
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Proposed Diagnostic Criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis : Report of a Study Conducted by a Committee of the American Rheumatism Association:
Authors: M. W. Ropes, G. A. Bennett, S. Cobb, R. Jacox, R. A. Jessar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

Study resulting in an estimate of specificity which may be lower than it should be.t The numbers are small so the estimates of sensitivity and speci- ficity are not very stable.
The Humane Society Deal in Fiction.
Authors: A. S. Pratt
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The following is a copy of a letter addressed by the Humane Society to a well-known Senator: Washington, D. C., Feb. 19,1898. <h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —I desire to call your attention to the bill now before Congress, "for the further prevention of cruelty to animals in the District of Columbia," and intended for the humane regulation of the practice of vivisection. It is not, as has been by some erroneously supposed, an "antivivisection bill," but provides only that experiments upon animals shall be performed only by properly qualified persons; that in experiments calculated to give pain, the animal shall be rendered insensible by anesthetics; and it also provides for the appointment of four inspectors, appointed by the President of the United States, to see that these regulations are complied with and to serve without pay. Ordinary inoculation experiments are expressly excluded from the operation of this law. We wish to point
Abstract A63: YB-1 is critical for stress granule assembly and protects cells from oxidative stress
Authors: Syam Prakash Somasekharan, Gabriel Leprivier, Valentina Evdokimova, Amal EI-Naggar, Shamil Hajee, Martin Gleave, Poul HB Sorensen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Stress granules (SGs) are highly conserved cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes that modulate gene expression and cellular homeostasis under prototypical stress forms. SG formation protects cells under stress conditions by protecting untranslated mRNAs until stress relief, and cells that are incapable of forming SGs are more vulnerable to diverse stressors compared to cells that are proficient at SG formation. The transcription and translation regulation factor Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is recruited to SG, but its exact contribution to formation of these structures is not clear. Using several stress inducing agents, arsenite, H2O2, piperlongumine, thapsigargin, heat shock, curcumin and hypoxia we demonstrate that YB-1 co-localizes to SG along with G3BP, TIA-1 and poly(A)+ mRNA in various human cancer cell lines. YB-1 inactivation by siRNA knockdown dramatically reduces the efficiency of SG assembly in two sarcoma cell lines, U2OS and Rh-30 and a prostate cancer cell line DU-145, with high YB-1 expression. We also found that si-YB-1 cells with an inefficient stress granule formation were more sensitive to stress induced by arsenite, H2O2, or piperlongumine compared to control cells. YB-1 influences SG assembly via two distinct mechanisms. First, it acts as a scaffold protein to recruit mRNA and SG associated RNA-binding proteins into SGs. Second, YB-1 regulates the mRNA translation of the essential nucleator SG proteins, G3BP and TIA-1, thus controlling their availability during SG assembly under oxidative stress. Finally, in vivo, downregulation of YB-1 significantly affected the formation of stress granules in primary tumors generated in mice. Taken together, YB-1 is critical in SG formation and cell survival. Citation Format: Syam Prakash Somasekharan, Gabriel Leprivier, Valentina Evdokimova, Amal EI-Naggar, Shamil Hajee, Martin Gleave, Poul HB Sorensen. YB-1 is critical for stress granule assembly and protects cells from oxidative stress. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr A63.
TUBERCULIN IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: A. H. Gregson
Journal: BMJ (1911)

I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOU~J AL,I patients in their own lhomes by a full-time medical and nulrsing staff, the exarmination of contacts, the sorting out of patients for sanatoriums, open-air schools, and hospitals for advanced cases, in addition to the general, therapeutic, and specific treatment at the dispensary-828 cases of suspected and apparent pulmonary tubercullosis were treated in 1910 at a cost of £1 13s.lld.per patient per annum.-Iam, etc.,
INSTRUMENTS AND APPLIANCES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF OXYGEN.Exhibited before the Philadelphia County Medical Society, October 22, 1890.
Authors: JOHN AULDE
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Having long entertained a favorable opinion of oxygen, it occurred to me some time ago that it would be of some interest to the members of this society if an opportunity were afforded for examining the various instruments and appliances for its exhibition. I have, therefore, made a collection of the different instruments which are now on the market, and shall endeavor to point out briefly the manner in which they are to be used in the treatment of disease. This agent has attracted considerable attention, more especially within the past five years, although ten years ago it would probably have been considered rank quackery to favor the use of oxygen. The large number of favorable reports which have recently appeared in medical literature furnish sufficient evidence to warrant us in making an effort to become more familiar with its advantages. My remarks this evening will be devoted exclusively
757 IMPACT OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND AGING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA ASSOCIATED WITH EXTRAHEPATIC PRIMARY MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS IN HIROSHIMA
Authors: Y. Tatsukawa, M. Kitamoto, S. Kunihara, C. Watanabe, M. Sumioka, I. Ohmori, T. Kohashi, H. Nakahara, T. Itamoto, T. Nishisaka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Low-Dose Radiation: Latest Data Renew Questions of 'Safe' Level
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE US DEPARTMENT of Energy has begun to release data about the health effects of low-dose radiation on workers in the agency's nuclear facilities.  The action marks a turning point. For the first time, there will be  assessments of unexpurgated records from the Department of Energy on the effects of radiation for some 600 000 workers.  The agency's action follows the report of an outside (of the department) committee that had been given the task (by ADM James D. Watkins, secretary of the Department of Energy) of evaluating the effectiveness and quality of the department's epidemiologic and occupational health activities. The committee, which has completed its task, has the classically bureaucratic title of the Secretarial Panel for the Evaluation of Epidemiologic Research Activities (usually referred to by its acronym, SPEERA), and was chaired by Kristine Gebbie, RN, MSN, the health secretary for Washington State.  Among its recommendations, the committee
Evidence on peer review---scientific quality control or smokescreen?
Authors: S. Goldbeck-Wood
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editorial by Smith Papers p 23 

Peer review—the process by which experts advise editors on the value of scientific manuscripts submitted for publication—gis traditionally surrounded by an almost religious mystique. Published papers are an important part of most assessment systems that decide how academic posts and research grants are distributed. Peer review confers legitimacy not only on scientific journals and the papers they publish but on the people who publish them. But if peer review is so central to the process by which scientific knowledge becomes canonised, it is ironic that science has little to say about whether it works.

Editors have described peer review as “indispensable for the progress of biomedical science.”1 They argue that peer review helps them distinguish between good and bad papers and between good and bad research, that it improves the presentation of what is being published, and even that it educates editors and authors.2 When they ask reviewers to comment on a paper's scientific reliability, originality, relevance, appropriateness to the journal, and other matters, editors hope they are providing some kind of intellectual quality control, allowing the best science to be selected and improved. But is this belief more than just wishful thinking and self aggrandisement by editors and other beneficiaries of the peer review system? The question is all the more relevant because peer review is so time consuming, complex, expensive, and …
Pacemaker Malfunction With Radiotelemetry
Authors: B. J. Leininger
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Electrical and radiofrequency devices have long been known to interfere with cardiac pacing and as such have represented potential hazards. 1,2 Lichter et al 3 reported two patients who had ventricular fibrillation when electric cautery was used to open the pericardium. Both of these patients had temporary pervenous pacemakers implanted when this occurred. Whalen et al 4 demonstrated experimentally a low threshold for ventricular fibrillation in both the dog and human when an intracardiac electrode was present.  We have recently had a demandtype external pacemaker completely disabled by radiotelemetry monitoring equipment. Radiotelemetry is a newer concept in monitoring equipment whereby electrocardiographic waveforms are drawn on the face of the cathode ray tube using techniques usually employed only in computer terminals. The transmitter is located on or near the patient, eliminating instability of signal due to external interference. This equipment was being used to monitor a patient with
The incidence of bacteremia in pediatric patients following tooth extraction.
Authors: L J Peterson, R Peacock
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Procedures which produce bacteremias may lead to bacterial endocarditis in the susceptible patient. Recent work has suggested that bacteremia does not occur in children following extraction of teeth as it does in adults. One hundred and seven children were divided into four groups. Group I, which consisted of children who had nondiseased primary teeth extracted, had 35% positive blood cultures. Group II consisted of children who had diseased primary and permanent teeth removed. The incidence of positive blood cultures was 53%. Group III, which consisted of patients who had extractions of nondiseased permanent teeth, had a 61% incidence of positive blood cultures. Group IV served as a negative control. Bacteremias do occur in children following the extraction of normal and diseased primary and permanent teeth. Therefore, the susceptible pediatric patient who is to undergo a dental extraction procedure must be given prophylactic antibiotics.
Why we think it is important to discuss intelligent design
Authors: U. S. Neill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Belief in God and belief in the science of evolution are not mutually exclusive concepts. Thousands of scientists who believe in God are able to separately study and teach evolution. As scientists and parents, we owe it to our children to ensure that public school science curricula teach the science of evolution and not promote a particular religious faith or belief system.
Cancer statistics for Hispanics/Latinos, 2012
Authors: Rebecca Siegel, Deepa Naishadham, Ahmedin Jemal
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2012)

Abstract Hispanics/Latinos are the largest and fastest growing major demographic group in the United States, accounting for 16.3% (50.5 million/310 million) of the US population in 2010. In this article, the American Cancer Society updates a previous report on cancer statistics for Hispanics using incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2012, an estimated 112,800 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed and 33,200 cancer deaths will occur among Hispanics. In 2009, the most recent year for which actual data are available, cancer surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of death among Hispanics. Among US Hispanics during the past 10 years of available data (2000‐2009), cancer incidence rates declined by 1.7% per year among men and 0.3% per year among women, while cancer death rates declined by 2.3% per year in men and 1.4% per year in women. Hispanics have lower incidence and death rates than non‐Hispanic whites for all cancers combined and for the 4 most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and bronchus, and colorectum). However, Hispanics have higher incidence and mortality rates for cancers of the stomach, liver, uterine cervix, and gallbladder, reflecting greater exposure to cancer‐causing infectious agents, lower rates of screening for cervical cancer, differences in lifestyle and dietary patterns, and possibly genetic factors. Strategies for reducing cancer risk among Hispanics include increasing utilization of screening and available vaccines, as well as implementing effective interventions to reduce obesity, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use. CA Cancer J Clin 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Addressing the Global Disease Burden of Typhoid Fever
Authors: Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal