tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fused 99mTc-HDP SPECT/MR Imaging of Reverse Hill-Sachs Deformity
Authors: Jong-Ryool Oh, Ho-Chun Song, Jin-Gyoon Park, Myung-Sun Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Reverse Hill-Sachs deformity is a term for a linear impression fracture of the anteromedial humeral head caused by a posterior shoulder dislocation, which is an extremely rare subtype of shoulder dislocations and caused by an epileptic seizure, an electric shock or trauma. Herein, we illustrate the findings of bone pinhole study, MRI and fused SPECT/MR imaging of reverse Hill-Sachs deformity caused by posterior shoulder dislocation after motor cycle accident in a 41-year-old man.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Short- and Long-Term Outcomes With Drug-Eluting and Bare-Metal Coronary Stents: A Mixed-Treatment Comparison Analysis of 117 762 Patient-years of Follow-up From Randomized Trials”
Authors: Sripal Bangalore, Mario Fusaro, Nicholas Amoroso, Michael J. Attubato, Frederick Feit, James Slater, Sunil Kumar, Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Methods in health service research: An introduction to bayesian methods in health technology assessment
Authors: D. J Spiegelhalter, J. P Myles, D. R Jones, K. R Abrams
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This is the third of four articles

Bayes's theorem arose from a posthumous publication in 1763 by Thomas Bayes, a non-conformist minister from Tunbridge Wells. Although it gives a simple and uncontroversial result in probability theory, specific uses of the theorem have been the subject of considerable controversy for more than two centuries. In recent years a more balanced and pragmatic perspective has emerged, and in this paper we review current thinking on the value of the Bayesian approach to health technology assessment.

A concise definition of bayesian methods in health technology assessment has not been established, but we suggest the following: the explicit quantitative use of external evidence in the design, monitoring, analysis, interpretation, and reporting of a health technology assessment. This approach acknowledges that judgments about the benefits of a new technology will rarely be based solely on the results of a single study but should synthesise evidence from multiple sources—for example, pilot studies, trials of similar interventions, and even subjective judgments about the generalisability of the study's results.

A bayesian perspective leads to an approach to clinical trials that is claimed to be more flexible and ethical than traditional methods,1 and to elegant ways of handling multiple substudies—for example, when simultaneously estimating the effects of a treatment on many subgroups.2 Proponents have also argued that a bayesian approach allows conclusions to be provided in a form that is most suitable for decisions specific to patients and decisions affecting public policy.3

#### Summary points

Bayesian methods interpret data from a study in the light of external evidence and judgment, and the form in which conclusions are drawn contributes naturally to decision making

Prior plausibility of hypotheses is taken into account, just as when interpreting the results of a diagnostic test

Scepticism about large treatment effects can be formally …
SPECTRUM AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VIRUS INHIBITORY ACTION OF 2-(α-HYDROXYBENZYL)-BENZIMIDAZOLE
Authors: Hans J. Eggers, Igor Tamm
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

2-(alpha-Hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole (HBB) inhibited the cytopathic effects of the following enteroviruses: polio 1 to 3; Coxsackie A9; Coxsackie B 1 to 6; and ECHO virus types 1 to 9, 11 to 21, and 24 to 27. The following enteroviruses were not inhibited: Coxsackie A types 7, 11, 13, 16, and 18; and ECHO types 22, 23, and 28. Other HBB-insusceptible viruses were: arbor B and C, reo 1 to 3; adeno 2 to 4; influenza B; para-influenza 2 and 3; mumps; herpes simplex, and vaccinia. HBB had no inactivating effect on viral infectivity, but rather inhibited some intracellular step in the reproductive cycle of susceptible viruses. With all viruses examined, inhibition of viral cytopathic effects appeared to be due to inhibition of virus multiplication. Virus inhibition by HBB was demonstrable in monkey kidney, HeLa, and ERK cells. HBB-susceptible viruses varied quantitatively in their susceptibility to the compound, and different strains of the same virus also exhibited varying susceptibility. No relationship was found between attenuation of polioviruses and their susceptibility to the compound. After passage of HBB-susceptible enteroviruses in the presence of the compound, virus populations with lowered susceptibility to HBB were obtained. At virus inhibitory concentrations, HBB did not affect the morphology of cells, nor the following cellular metabolic activities: oxygen uptake; glucose utilization; lactic acid production; and incorporation of adenosine into RNA, and of alanine into proteins. The rates of multiplication of HeLa and ERK. cells were not significantly altered by HBB at virus inhibitory concentrations.
Elevated troponin I levels in acute liver failure: Is myocardial injury an integral part of acute liver failure?
Authors: Nimisha K. Parekh, Linda S Hynan, James A de Lemos, William M Lee, Julie Polson, Carla Pezzia, Ezmina Lalani, Joan S Reisch, Anne M. Larson, Hao Do, Jeffrey S. Crippin, Laura Gerstle, Timothy J. Davern, Katherine Partovi, Sukru Emre, Timothy M. McCashland, Tamara Bernard, J. Eileen Hay, Cindy Groettum, Natalie Murray, Sonnya Coultrup, A. Obaid Shakil, Diane Morton, Andres T. Blei, Jeanne Gottstein, Atif Zaman, Jonathan Schwartz, Ken Ingram, Steven Han, Val Peacock, Robert J. Fontana, Suzanne Welch, Brendan McGuire, Linda Avant, Raymond Chung, Deborah Casson, Robert Brown, Michael Schilsky, Laren Senkbeil, M. Edwyn Harrison, Rebecca Rush, Adrian Reuben, Nancy Huntley, Santiago Munoz, Chandra Misra, Todd Stravitz, Jennifer Salvatori, Lorenzo Rossaro, Colette Prosser, Raj Satyanarayana, Wendy Taylor, Raj Reddy, Mical Campbell, Tarek Hassenein, Fatma Barakat, Alistair Smith
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Although rare instances of cardiac injury or arrhythmias have been reported in acute liver failure (ALF), overall, the heart is considered to be spared in this condition. Troponin I, a sensitive and specific marker of myocardial injury, may be elevated in patients with sepsis and acute stroke without underlying acute coronary syndrome, indicating unrecognized cardiac injury in these settings. We sought to determine whether subclinical cardiac injury might also occur in acute liver failure. Serum troponin I levels were measured in 187 patients enrolled in the US Acute Liver Failure Study Group registry, and correlated with clinical variables and outcomes. Diagnoses were representative of the larger group of &gt;1000 patients thus far enrolled and included 80 with acetaminophen-related injury, 26 with viral hepatitis, 19 with ischemic injury, and 62 others. Overall, 74% of patients had elevated troponin I levels (&gt;0.1 ng/ml). Patients with elevated troponin I levels were more likely to have advanced hepatic coma (grades III or IV) or to die (for troponin I levels &gt;0.1 ng/ml, odds ratio 3.88 and 4.69 for advanced coma or death, respectively). Conclusion: In acute liver failure, subclinical myocardial injury appears to occur more commonly than has been recognized, and its pathogenesis in the context of acute liver failure is unclear. Elevated troponin levels are associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Measurement of troponin I levels may be helpful in patients with acute liver failure, to detect unrecognized myocardial damage and as a marker of unfavorable outcome. (Hepatology 2007;45:1489–1495.)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treatment of Pediatric Chronic Migraine
Authors: Mark Connelly
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rotaviruses and the respiratory tract.
Authors: P N Goldwater, I L Chrystie, J E Banatvala
Journal: BMJ (1979)

the genesis of pruritus ani.Faeces contain bacteria whose metabolic products include endopeptidases, which can produce itching in experimental conditions.5 6Although dysfunction of the anal sphincter itself may not be the cause of pruritus ani, it may be an important contributing factor.Further studies are required ofthe action of the sphincters in this condition, together with studies of the faecal and perianal skin flora.Nevertheless, the results reported here suggest an important new approach that may help to elucidate this trouble- some ailment.
Abstract 2589: Novel chemopreventive combinatorial regimen significantly suppresses NF-kB and PI3-kinase/Akt pathways in the Syrian golden hamster pancreatic cancer model
Authors: Arvind Thakkar, B. Karthik Grandhi, Jeffrey Wang, Sunil Prabhu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer caused 40,000 deaths in 2010 and is currently ranked as the fourth leading cause of deaths in the United States. Due to poor prognosis of this disease, it is imperative that chemopreventive strategies be developed to control the formation of the initial neoplastic lesions. We have previously reported the effectiveness of a low dose combination regimen of aspirin, curcumin and sulforaphane (ACS) on MIA-PaCa-2 and Panc-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines. The objective of the current study was to use the ACS combination regimens in vivo to demonstrate the molecular targets responsible for prevention of pancreatic cancer in N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl) amine (BOP) carcinogen treated Syrian golden hamsters. BOP treated Syrian golden hamsters (n=6/group) were sacrificed after 24 weeks of treatment with a low (20+45+1.6), medium (67+150+5) and high (200+450+16) doses (in mg/kg) of ACS, respectively. Saline and BOP controls were included in the study. The pancreatic tissues were processed for isolation of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, and 20 mg of tissue was used for isolation of total RNA. Results from the Western blot show that low dose of ACS combined regimen down-regulated active NF-κB by inhibiting phosphorylation of IαBβ and p65. Low dose ACS also inhibited phosphorylation of Akt, needed for IKK activation. Consequently at the transcription level, low dose ACS significant down-regulated NF-κB regulated gene products TNFα, IL1α and IL6 compared to BOP controls (p&amp;lt;0.05). Thus, low dose ACS inhibited the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IαBβ and p65. In addition, RT qPCR analysis of proliferation markers such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 show &amp;gt;2 fold down-regulation in low dose regimen compared to BOP controls. With the high and medium doses, a trend similar to the low dose ACS was evident, whereby the effects were more significant at higher doses (p&amp;lt;0.001), thus demonstrating a dose-dependent response. The significance of this work is in the demonstration of the effectiveness in gene regulation of ACS even at the low-dose level which shows its potential as a powerful combinatorial regimen for pancreatic cancer prevention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2589. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2589
Hypertensive cardiomyopathy. Myocyte nuclei hyperplasia in the mammalian rat heart.
Authors: P Anversa, T Palackal, E H Sonnenblick, G Olivetti, J M Capasso
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

To determine whether long-term hypertension leads to hyperplasia of myocyte nuclei in the heart, a phenomenon suspected to occur in humans, renal hypertension was produced in rats and the animals were killed 8 mo later. Arterial blood pressure remained elevated for approximately 5 mo, but decreased progressively in the last 3 mo so that at 8 mo this parameter was practically identical to that found in controls. Moreover, left ventricular end diastolic pressure was markedly increased in experimental animals in association with a substantial decrease in left ventricular dP/dt. The alteration of these physiological measurements was indicative of severe ventricular dysfunction. Quantitative analysis of the transmural distribution of myocyte nuclei in the left ventricle showed 36 and 23% increases in myocyte nuclei concentration in the epimyocardium and endomyocardium, respectively. These changes in nuclei were accompanied by 25 and 16% reductions in myocyte cell volume per nucleus in the outer and inner layers of the wall. In conclusion, long-term hypertension leads to impairment of ventricular function and proliferation of nuclei in myocytes.
Red cell antibodies
Authors: M. Contreras, P. Hewitt
Journal: BMJ (1987)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Mediolateral ankle moment control contributes to gait stability. Therefore, constraining ankle moment control might affect other stability mechanisms, including foot placement control. Ankle moments can be constrained by walking with a shoe with a ridge underneath the sole, narrowing the mediolateral support surface. Based on our previous study, it seems that constraining ankle moment control in this fashion results in an increased step width and a decrease in the degree of foot placement control, as defined by the percentage of variance in foot placement that can be explained by CoM state. However, since our previous study was performed on a split-belt treadmill and the narrow ridge could fit inside the gap between the belts, it is not evident whether these effects can be attributed to the constrained ankle moment control or to avoidance of this gap. Therefore, we investigated if the effects of ankle moment constraints are dependent on whether participants walk on a normal treadmill or a split-belt treadmill. We included fourteen healthy young adults. Walking with constrained ankle moment control resulted in a wider step width on both treadmills. Yet, the increase in step width was larger on the split-belt treadmill compared to on the normal treadmill. Moreover, we only found a decreased degree of foot placement control on the split-belt treadmill, whilst the degree of foot placement control increased on the normal treadmill. We conclude that the effects of ankle moment constraints reported in our previous study were confounded by the use of a split-belt treadmill. For future research, we recommend using a normal treadmill whenever possible, because the gap in a split-belt treadmill might affect gait parameters.
The effect of maternal oxygen inhalation upon fetal oxygenation
Authors: Frederick C. Battaglia, Giacomo Meschia, Edgar L. Makowski, Watson Bowes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

In eight sheep, uterine and umbilical blood flows and oxygen uptakes, the transplacental flow-limited clearance of an inert molecule, pH values, and oxygen pressures, saturations, and capacities in the main placental vessels have been measured during maternal air breathing and oxygen inhalation. The mean +/-SEM percentage changes during oxygen inhalation were +4.6 +/-8.4 for the umbilical flow, +2.8 +/-8.7 for the uterine flow, and +4.6 +/-6.2 for the clearance. None of these changes are statistically significant. Oxygen uptake rose slightly in two cases and remained unchanged in the others. In all cases the oxygen pressures, saturations, and contents rose significantly in the uterine and umbilical vessels with oxygen inhalation.
Late mortality after vagotomy and drainage for duodenal ulcer.
Authors: P C Watt, C C Patterson, T L Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Seven hundred and thirty five patients who underwent elective vagotomy and drainage procedures in one hospital during 1957-67 were followed up until 1 September 1982. At this time 281 were dead compared with an expected 184. This gives a ratio of observed to expected deaths of 1.53 (p less than 0.0001). The most important cause of increased mortality was lung cancer, which accounted for 33 of the excess deaths (observed to expected ratio 3.53). Gastric cancer yielded an observed to expected ratio of 3.3. Other causes of death that were significantly more common than expected were cerebrovascular accident, bronchopneumonia, and colorectal cancer. It is concluded that although gastric cancer occurs more commonly after vagotomy and drainage than in the general population, it is not as important a cause of death as diseases related to smoking.
Cost Containment — Another View
Authors: Roger Platt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

There is an emerging public consensus that in a slowly growing economy, the continuing rise in the nation's health-care costs must be moderated. Ginzberg has suggested that we can and must do this without reducing the quality of care we provide and without major changes in the structure or governance of our health-care-delivery system. He implies that we can readily identify and eliminate substantial numbers of useless health-care services. Such an approach to cost containment is almost certain to fail. A successful cost-containment program will include some or all of the following elements: caps on public health expenditures and implicit limits on the quality and accessibility of health care to be provided at public expense, much tighter government regulation of private health-care expenditures, control of the physician supply, and modification of the fee-for-service reimbursement system for physicians and hospitals. Until our society is prepared to accept these kinds of structural changes and their adverse impact, to some degree, on the quality and accessibility of health services, effective cost containment will not occur. Are we ready for these kinds of changes? Should we be? Perhaps we ought to be less concerned about cost containment and more prepared to spend 12 or 13 per cent of the gross national product on health care by 1990. What we should not do is pretend that painless cost containment is an achievable goal.
RB1 SUPPRESSION IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ACQUIRED CDK4/6 INHIBITOR RESISTANCE IN GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: C. D. James, Y.-J. Lu, T. Ozawa, M. D. Prados, T. Waldman
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: The observation of glioblastoma (GBM) tumors acquiring resistance to treatment is a well-established clinical reality. Increased understanding of GBM adaptive mechanisms to specific therapies is important for achieving improved treatment, and treatment outcomes for GBM patients, by targeting GBM adaptive responses. Herein, we investigated GBM xenograft adaptation to sustained cdk4/6 inhibition, which we have previously shown to inhibit the growth of p16 deficient GBM xenografts. METHODS: Mice with intracranial U87 xenografts were given daily administration of cdk4/6 inhibitor PD0332991, which slowed, but did not entirely stop tumor growth. Resected tumors from three mice, at time of required euthanasia from tumor burden, were transplanted subcutaneously into the flanks of mice that received daily administration of PD0332991. At 34 to 145 days of continuously daily treatment, subcutaneous tumors began to grow rapidly. One of the subcutaneous tumors, that began to grow rapidly while being subjected to daily PD0332991 treatment, was resected and used to develop a cell suspension that was intracranially injected in a series of mice for analysis of tumor response to PD0332991 by bioluminescence imaging and survival analysis. Cells from resected subcutaneous tumors, subjected to sustained PD0332991 treatment, were also used for in vitro propagation and analysis of signaling mediator activations. RESULTS: Mice intracranially injected with cells from subcutaneous tumor that had been exposed to extended, daily PD0332991 treatment, experienced no survival benefit relative to untreated mice bearing the same tumors, supporting our development of a PD0332991 resistant derivative of U87. Each of three U87 cell lines, derived independently from subcutaneous tumors subjected to extended, daily PD0332991 treatment, did not exhibit growth arrest upon exposure to PD0332991, whereas previously untreated U87 cells arrested when treated with PD0332991. Western blot analysis revealed that each PD0332991 resistant cell line was deficient in Rb protein expression, in contrast to previously untreated U87, which is positive for Rb expression. One of the PD0332991-resistant cell lines has been examined by FISH and PCR, which revealed RB gene inactivation as being responsible for the lack of Rb protein. Protein lysates from PD0332991 resistant cells were examined using tyrosine kinase arrays, which showed that PD0332991 resistance is accompanied by increased Akt activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate the ability of p16 deficient GBM to adapt to sustained cdk4/6 inhibition by inactivation of RB. In addition, our results suggest that concurrent inhibition of cdk4/6 and Akt, in treating p16 deficient tumors, could delay and potentially prevent tumor adaptation to cdk4/6 inhibitor monotherapy. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Tumor Biology.
The Kveim Test
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The Kveim reaction has long been an immunologic puzzle, on several grounds. The antigen (or factor or whatever) is essentially a crude, saline extract of sarcoid tissue, and efforts to define its nature have been unsuccessful. The latent period between the intradermal injection and development of a positive reaction is far longer than for conventional immune responses; it may be over six weeks before the typical granulomas appear, in contrast to 24 to 48 hours for what immunologists call "delayed" reactions. The histologic lesion has something of an immunologic look, but this may be only a family resemblance. The aggregates . . .
Cyclical Mechanical Stretch Enhances the Proinflammatory but not Profibrotic Responses of Asthmatic Fibroblasts
Authors: W. Manuyakorn, A. Noto, H.M. Haitchi, S.T. Holgate, P.H. Howarth, D.E. Davies
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)