tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Fibercolonoscopic Diagnosis of Intestinal Tuberculosis
Authors: G. Aoki, K. Nagasako, Y. Nakae, H. Suzuki, M. Endo, T. Takemoto
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)

In Japan one can still find intestinal tuberculosis; we have experienced 9 cases of intestinal tuberculosis and 5 suspected cases. 13 cases of them were observed among 1071 cases of colonoscopy from June 1969 to May 1974 (5 years). When caseation of tubercle granuloma and bacilli are found, the diagnosis is easy. The endoscopic features of typical intestinal tuberculosis, ulcers of various sizes and shapes, were observed. The base of large ulcers showed granular appearance and unevenness, its margins were prominent ed-ematous and red in color, ileocecal area was destroyed. Although typical lesions of tuberculosis are found by colonoscopy and barium enema, it is difficult to get the typical granuloma with caseation. In case of suspected intestinal tuberculosis, it is better to use the antituberculous drugs; if the symptoms improve the diagnosis is sure, too.
NHS meets financial targets, but some trusts could do better
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The NHS in England met its financial targets last year, but 71 NHS trusts exceeded their budgets and some are in serious financial difficulty, according to the government's senior accountant.

A total of £53.5bn ($95bn, €79bn) was spent by 607 individual NHS organisations (28 strategic health authorities, 304 primary care trusts, and 275 NHS trusts). Taken together they underspent their budgets by £96m, or 0.18% of total expenditure.

The Department of Health “met its target of ensuring that financial balance was achieved in aggregate,” writes John Bourn, comptroller and auditor general, in the National …
1062-43 Preprocedure hyperglycemia is stongly associated with restenosis after coronary intervention in diabetics
Authors: Arvind K Sharma, Joseph Lindsay, Daniel A Canos, Ellen Pinnow, Sue Apple, Giacomo Ruotolo, Mohan Nandalur, Mevan Wijetunga, Howard Cooper, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Comparison of the effects of salbutamol and adrenaline on airway smooth muscle contractility in vitro and on bronchial reactivity in vivo.
Authors: D R Baldwin, Z Sivardeen, I D Pavord, A J Knox
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--The effect of adrenergic agonists in asthma depends on their net effect on microvascular leakage, mucosal oedema, vascular clearance of spasmogens, inhibition of cholinergic neurotransmission, and airway smooth muscle contractility. It has been postulated that adrenaline, by virtue of its alpha effects on the vasculature and cholinergic neurotransmission, may have additional useful properties in asthma compared with selective beta agonists such as salbutamol. METHODS--The airway effects of adrenaline (a non-selective adrenoreceptor agonist) were compared with the selective beta 2 agonist salbutamol. Their airway smooth muscle relaxant potencies and effect on histamine contraction in human bronchi in vitro were compared with their effects on airway calibre and histamine reactivity in asthmatic subjects in vivo. For the in vitro studies changes in tension were measured in response to these agents in thoracotomy specimens of human airways. In vivo the effects of adrenaline and salbutamol on airway calibre and histamine reactivity were measured in eight subjects with mild to moderate asthma in a randomised crossover study. RESULTS--Salbutamol and adrenaline had approximately equivalent airway smooth muscle relaxant potencies in vitro and bronchodilator potency in vivo. However, their effects on histamine induced contraction in vitro were significantly different from their effects on histamine reactivity in vivo. Salbutamol was less potent in vitro producing a mean (SE) 2.4 (0.15) doubling dose increase in the histamine EC20 and adrenaline a 5.2 (0.18) doubling dose increase (mean difference between salbutamol and adrenaline 2.8 doubling doses; 95% CI 1.1 to 4.5). Salbutamol had no effect on the maximal response to histamine whereas adrenaline reduced it by 54%. In contrast, salbutamol was more potent in vivo producing a mean (SE) increase in PD20 histamine of 1.84 (0.5) doubling doses whereas adrenaline was without effect increasing PD20 by only 0.06 (0.47) doubling doses (mean difference between adrenaline and salbutamol 1.78, 95% CI 0.26 to 3.29 doubling doses). CONCLUSIONS--These findings suggest that the alpha adrenergic airway effects of non-selective adrenoreceptor agonists such as adrenaline offer no additional protection against histamine-induced broncho-constriction in vivo than beta 2 selective drugs such as salbutamol, despite adrenaline providing greater protection against histamine-induced contraction in vitro. The differences between the effects of these agents in vitro and in vivo may be related to their opposing vascular effects in vivo.
STUDIES ON THE BACTERIOPHAGE OF D'HERELLE: VI. ON THE VIRULENCE OF THE OVERGROWTH IN THE LYSED CULTURES OF BACILLUS PESTIS CAVIAe (M. T. II).
Authors: J. Bronfenbrenner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

Resistants isolated from the overgrowth of cultures of B. pestis caviae (M. T. II) lysed by various strains of specific bacteriophage proved to be avirulent when administered to mice by feeding, or by intraperitoneal injection. These cultures remained resistant to the action of bacteriophage so long as they were carried on agar. When transferred to broth, however, one group of resistants, namely, those isolated by means of "weak" phages, became susceptible to lysis after five to seven daily passages. The other group of resistants, isolated from the cultures lysed by one of the "strong" phages, failed to become susceptible to lysis even after nearly 200 passages in broth. Simultaneously with the recovery of susceptibility, the cultures of the first group regained a degree of virulence comparable to that of the parent culture of B. pestis caviae. The cultures of the second group of resistants have failed thus far to recover virulence (10 months after isolation). The latter cultures, apart from lack of both virulence and susceptibility to lysis, are identical with the parent culture of B. pestis caviae, as indicated by biochemical and antigenic properties. Our findings offer evidence in favor of the view that resistant strains result from selection among variants already existing in the parent culture and do not arise through the inheritance of specific immunity properties produced by the action of phage.
Abstract A83: Modifications of the bone marrow microenvironment in the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma in Vk*MYC mice.
Authors: Arianna Calcinotto, Matteo Grioni, Maria Teresa Sabrina Bertilaccio, Marta Chesi, Leif Bergsagel, Giulia Casorati, Paolo Dellabona, Matteo Bellone
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic plasma cell (PC) disorder of the oldster, and it is characterized by clonal proliferation of PC in the bone marrow (BM), monoclonal protein in biological fluids and organ dysfunction. While monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) often anticipates MM, the role of the cellular components of the BM microenvironment in the shift from MGUS to MM is unknown. Our aim was to define if the immune system has a role in this process. Thus, clinical signs of disease development and progression were investigated in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, kidney and bone of aging Vk*MYC mice to pinpoint the shift from MGUS to MM. We have also defined by immunohistochemistry and multiparametric flow-cytometry the phenotypic and functional characteristics of tumor infiltrating immune cells in the different phases of disease. We have found that the BM of Vk*MYC mice is the primary organ of PC accumulation, and accrual of PC in the BM associates with the presence of a measurable M-spike. Based on the frequency of PC in the BM and the quantification of M-spike in serum we were able to segregate MGUS from MM. The transition from MGUS to MM in Vk*MYC mice was characterized by increased vascularization of the BM that associated with local enrichment of proangiogenic molecules such as VEGF-A and IL18. The BM was also enriched in molecules that favor survival and proliferation of myeloma cells, and signs of osteoporosis accompanied these alterations. A comparison between Vk*MYC mice affected by MGUS and age matched wild type C57BL/6 mice revealed precocious alteration of the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio, increased percentage of IL2 and IL4 producing CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells more prone to produce IFNγ in the BM of the former. In summary, our data suggest that early in disease development, yet unknown factors elicit an inflammatory reaction that significantly modifies the cellular composition of the BM and associates with neoangiogenesis and PC accumulation. Being the pathology in the Vk*MYC mouse similar to the human disease, our data might be relevant to understand the mechanisms of progression from MGUS to MM in humans. Citation Format: Arianna Calcinotto, Matteo Grioni, Maria Teresa Sabrina Bertilaccio, Marta Chesi, Leif Bergsagel, Giulia Casorati, Paolo Dellabona, Matteo Bellone. Modifications of the bone marrow microenvironment in the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma in Vk*MYC mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A83.
Glandular Fever with Neurological Complications
Authors: J. S. Crowther
Journal: BMJ (1951)

CHEMICAL TESTS FOR BLOOD IN URINEMEDICALJOU 775volumes of glacial acetic acid and 10-volume hydrogen peroxide (acid peroxide reagent), which keeps for three months.Wash a white porcelain "spot-test" tile with cavities, rinse with 95% spirit, and allow to dry.Do not dry wvith a cloth, for fragments of fibre may give false positives.Place a "small knife-point "-about 3 mg.or the volume of a grain of rice-of o-tolidine hydrochloride in a cavity; add one drop of urine.Stir with a clean glass rod and add one drop of "acid peroxide."A positive reaction appears as a blue coloration, or spreading blue- green streaks which fade after 5-30 minutes to brown.A negativereaction is pale brown. Results
Abstract 2296: Sorafenib inhibits hepatocyte growth factor-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: nagai tomoyuki, Tokuzo Arao, Kazuyuki Furuta, Kazuko Sakai, Kanae Kudo, Hiroyasu Kaneda, Daisuke Tamura, Keiichi Aomatsu, Yoshihiko Fujita, Kazuko Matsumoto, Nagahiro Saijo, Masatoshi Kudo, Kazuto Nishio
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor with activity against Raf kinase and several receptor tyrosine kinases, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2, platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) describes a process wherein static epithelial cells lose cell-cell contacts, acquire mesenchymal features and manifest a migratory phenotype, mediating malignant phenotypes for cancer cells. It remains unclear for involvement of Sorafenib against EMT, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activated HGF/MET signaling pathway in HepG2 and Huh7 cells and resulted in cell scattering and spindle-shaped morphology, changes that are characteristic of EMT. SNAI1 is a key transcription factor known to be involved in EMT. HGF up-regulated SNAI1 and N-cadherin expression, and down-regulated E-cadherin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Knockdown of SNAI1 by siRNA almost completely inhibited these morphological changes, indicating that SNAI1 was required for HGF-induced EMT in HCC cell lines. Similarly, Sorafenib and the MEK inhibitor U0126 markedly inhibited the HGF-induced SNAI1 expression and these morphological changes at 10 μM of concentration, whereas PI3 kinase inhibitor Wortmannin did not. In conclusion, Sorafenib exerts a potent inhibitory activity against EMT via ERK/SNAI1 in HCC. This activity may provide an additional clinical benefit in patients with HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2296.
STUDIES ON THE HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS OF HUMAN ORIGIN
Authors: Hugh K. Ward, Champ Lyons
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

1. Four common variants of the hemolytic streptococcus of human origin have been described. These have been designated the F, M, attenuated M, and C variants. 2. The F and M variants only have been isolated from the blood stream in streptococcal infections. Only the M, however, has any primary virulence for the mouse. 3. Both these variants resist phagocytosis in human blood under suitable conditions, and this appears to be a reliable test for human virulence. 4. The attenuated M variant, found only in laboratory cultures, has a capsule as well developed as that of the virulent variants, and yet does not resist phagocytosis. 5. The C variant has no capsule and is readily phagocyted. It appears to correspond to the avirulent variant in other species. 6. An attempt has been made to correlate these four variants with those already described in the literature. 7. The application of these findings to the problem of virulence has been discussed.
Detection of Cervical Human Papillomavirus by Molecular Probes
Authors: Sylvie Douyon
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Genital infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a matter of concern because of its increasing prevalence and because some types of the virus may be oncogenic. We have studied the prevalence of HPV infection in women having routine cervical cytology in the family planning clinic at Women's Hospital, Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center. Four hundred forty-two women had cervical scrapings taken for cytological examination and HPV detection. The mean age was 27.2 years, and 95% of the subjects were Hispanic. Viral DNA was extracted from cervical cells, bound to nylon membranes, and identified by its reaction with a mixture of radiolabeled RNA probes specific for HPV types 6 and 11,16 and 18, and 31,33,35 (Human Papillomavirus DNA Detection Kit, Virapap; Life Technologies, Inc, Gaithersburg, Md, 1987).<sup>1</sup>Positive samples were typed with group-specific probes for these viral types (Human Papillomavirus DNA Typing Kit, Viratype;
Bronchorrhea Responsive to Aerosolized Atropine
Authors: Michael M. Wick
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE ROLE of parasympathetic stimulation of the tracheobronchial tree in the obstructive pulmonary disorders of asthma and chronic bronchitis has not been separated from the multiple factors involved in the pathophysiologic characteristics of these conditions. Parasympathetic stimulation results in constriction of bronchial smooth muscle and enhanced glandular secretory activity.<sup>1</sup>Occasionally, parasympatholytic agents have been used as bronchodilators but have been mainly avoided because of the potential danger of drying secretions. Most current bronchodilator therapy for obstructive airway disease is based on the use of sympathomimetic or methylxanthine agents or both. This report describes a patient with severe bronchorrhea as the primary manifestation of his obstructive airway disease. The prompt response to aerosolized atropine sulfate suggested that increased parasympathetic efferent activity was largely responsible for his bronchorrhea. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 54-year-old man was hospitalized for evaluation of a chronic productive cough of eight months' duration. The cough had
General health checks don't work
Authors: P. C. Gotzsche, K. J. Jorgensen, L. T. Krogsboll
Journal: BMJ (2014)

It’s time to let them go

We check our cars regularly, so why shouldn’t we also check our bodies so that we can find and treat abnormalities before they cause too much harm? It seems so easy, but the human body is not a car, and, in contrast to a car, it has self healing properties. Actually, the first thing we know about screening is that it will cause harm in some people. This is why we need randomised trials to find out whether screening does more good than harm before we decide whether to introduce it.

Doctors realised this early on and embarked on 16 randomised trials of general health checks between 1963 and 1999. A Cochrane review from 2012 that included 11 940 deaths did not find an effect of general health checks on total mortality (risk ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.03) or on mortality due to cardiovascular disease (1.03, 0.91 to 1.17) or cancer (1.01, 0.92 to 1.12).1 2

These trials were carried out in Europe and in the United States. The most recent one, the Danish Inter99 trial, which started in 1999, reports its results …
Mycobacterial Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Kwan Kew Lai
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Age-related differences in etiology were examined in 214 instances of mycobacterial cervical lymphadenopathy. In adults,<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>was isolated from 147 lymph nodes and "atypical" mycobacteria was isolated from seven nodes. In contrast,<i>M tuberculosis</i>was isolated from only five nodes from children while other mycobacteria were isolated from 55 nodes.<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>clearly preponderates as the cause of mycobacterial cervical adenitis in adults while other mycobacteria are the cause of most cervical adenitis in children. The preponderance of<i>Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare</i>in cervical adenitis in children contrasts with reports of<i>Mycobacterium scrofulaceum</i>as the most frequent causative agent in other geographic areas and may reflect either a change in causative agents or geographic differences. However, the finding of<i>M tuberculosis</i>in 8% of nodes indicates that other mycobacteria cannot be assumed to be the only cause of this disease in children. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:1286-1288)
Parathyroid Subtraction Imaging???Pitfalls in Diagnosis
Authors: PETER W. BLUE, GAYLA CRAWFORD, GEORGE J. DYDEK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Since 1985 when parathyroid subtraction scintigraphy was presented in atlas form in this journal, the T1-201-Tc- 99m computer subtraction studies have become more and more popular. Although the study has been quite accurate in localizing abnormal parathyroid pathology, the rate of false positive studies has been somewhat excessive, usually due to thyroid pathology. This atlas is an update of that previous work with the goal of presenting a scheme of interpretation that lessens the incidence of false positive studies as well as presenting many of the pitfalls in diagnosis of parathyroid disease.
ACUTE INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS AND HODGKIN'S DISEASE OCCURRING SIMULTANEOUSLY IN THE SAME PATIENT
Authors: Franklin C. Massey
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Acute infectious mononucleosis occurring simultaneously with Hodgkin's disease in the same patient is a unique circumstance. Whether these conditions are related basically cannot be determined on the basis of this case; it is possible that they occurred coincidentally in this patient. REPORT OF CASE A 20-year-old white female college student became acutely ill May 4, 1952, with a transient episode of three to four loose stools per day for three or four days. Spontaneously, this condition cleared up. On May 12, 1952, anorexia, malaise, lethargy, generalized myalgia, fatigability, and weakness developed. She had a fever of 103 F, followed by a series of chills. Two days later the patient vomited once, and at that time physical examination revealed a few very small nodes in the anterior cervical chain. A slight headache appeared six days after the above com plaints. During the six days intervening between the onset of
Role of Endosonography in the Surgical Management of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Stomach
Authors: G. Schüder, U. Hildebrandt, D. Kreißler-Haag, G. Seitz, G. Feifel
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Ten patients with primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were preoperatively assessed by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Tumor infiltration depth and lymph node involvement were assessed using the TNM classification system. EUS was 80 % accurate in determining the TL stage and 90 % in detecting lymph node metastases (NL, stage). Based on the longitudinal tumor extent (antrum to fundus), as assessed by preoperative (n = 10) and additionally, intraoperative EUS (n = 3), partial gastric resection was performed in nine patients and total gastrectomy in one. All resection specimens had tumor-free resection margins (R0 resection rate 100 %). These results were compared to those in 23 patients with gastric NHL operated on prior to the introduction of EUS in the hospital who were comparable with respect to tumor location and extent. In comparison with the ten cases where treatment was guided by EUS, the rate of total gastrectomy was higher (65 % versus 10 %) and the R0 resection rate lower (72 % versus 100 %) in this group of 23 patients. These results show that EUS may play a crucial role in the pre-surgical staging of gastric NHL.
NT-31 * KETOGENIC DIET USED AS TREATEMENT FOR PRIMARY AGGRESSIVE BRAIN CANCERS: EXPERIENCE IN HUMANS
Authors: K. Schwartz, H. Chang, M. Noel, M. Nikolai, K. Olson, J. Pernicone, S. Rhee, P. Kurnali, N. Ord
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: A ketogenic diet (KD) has been proposed as an alternative therapy for treatment of malignant gliomas. Unlike normal brain, malignant brain tumors may not be able to efficiently metabolize ketones. The ketogenic diet exploits this metabolic difference as a possible therapeutic approach. This report reviews the past reported experiences in humans using a ketogenic diet to treat aggressive primary brain cancers and includes our experience treating 2 patients with an energy restricted ketogenic diet (ERKD). METHODS: Patients in this report include 5 detailed case reports, 2 new patients treated with an ERKD protocol and 19 recently reported patients from Germany. RESULTS: Patients were treated using different protocols. Two were monitored with twice daily measurements of blood glucose and ketones and daily weights while the remaining patients' ketones and glucose and weight measurements were intermittent and not at prescribed intervals. Prolonged remissions ranging from more than 5 years to 4 months were reported in detailed case reports. Only one of these patients was treated using the ketogenic diet as monotherapy. The best responses reported in more recent patient series were stable disease for approximately 6 weeks. Two patients with progressive disease after 12 weeks of diet therapy had tissue expression of at least one of 2 mitochondrial ketolytic enzymes succinyl CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA transferase (OXCT-1), β-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1). The 19 patients from Germany treated with a ketogenic diet demonstrated that the diet was safe with no major side effects. CONCLUSION: 1. Treatment with a ketogenic diet may be effective in controlling some patients with primary brain cancers, but additional protocol studies are needed; 2. Ketosis can be induce using customary foods and; 3. A ketogenic diet is safe without major side effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov# NCT01535911