tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
366. Development of Quantitative TaqMan RT-PCR for the Evaluation of Non-Viral Mediated Gene Transfer to the Airways
Authors: Ian A. Pringle, Rebecca L. Smith, Bryony L. Jones, Deborah R. Gill, Stephen C. Hyde
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis lung disease will likely require repeated delivery of gene transfer agents (GTA) to the terminally differentiated cells of the airway epithelium. We are currently testing several non-viral GTAs for efficiency of gene transfer following aerosol delivery to the lungs of mice and sheep. The most sensitive method available to quantify gene expression from plasmid vectors is quantitative (TaqMan) reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, which has been widely used to quantify gene expression in pre-clinical and clinical samples. TaqMan PCR can potentially detect a single copy of the target sequence per reaction. We designed TaqMan assays to quantify both vector-specific mRNA and endogenous mRNA of a normalising gene. Specifically, assays were developed for plasmids containing the CMV promoter, or the human polyubiquitin C (UbC) promoter, shown to have improved duration of expression in the lung. In addition, assays have been developed to detect endogenous murine and ovine Cftr mRNA. Assays were designed to be specific for mRNA by placing one of the primer sequences across an exon splice site. In order to determine the absolute copy number of mRNA in a given sample, RNA standard curves were produced. DNA templates for the assays were constructed and included the PCR amplicon plus surrounding sequences totalling 160bp. RNA standards were generated incorporating RNase resistant ribonucleotides into RNA transcripts, using the Ambion Competitor Construction Kit. The mimics were quantified using the Molecular Probes RiboGreen assay and dilutions were produced containing 1 to 510 copies/|[mu]|l. 1|[mu]|l of each dilution was used in paired RT reactions with sequence specific primers and MultiScribe RT. Quantitative PCR was then carried out using an Applied Biosystems TaqMan 7700 Sequence Detector and standard curves generated for the four assays. When paired (multiplexed), the CMV and sheep Cftr assays were linear between 100 and 106 starting copies per reaction (R2=0.984 and 0.981). The UbC and mouse Cftr assays were paired and the UbC assay was linear between 100 and 106 starting copies (R2=0.987) while the mouse Cftr assay was linear between 1500 and 106 starting copies per reaction (R2=0.890). Control samples lacking RT did not result in amplification, indicating that the standards were free of template DNA. These results show the high degree of sensitivity and linearity that can be obtained with TaqMan RT-PCR. These assays will now be used to quantify absolute levels of expression in our pre-clinical models to determine the optimal GTA formulation for future clinical studies.
Colorectal Cancer Risk Following a Negative Colonoscopy—Reply
Authors: Harminder Singh, Donna Turner, Lin Xue, Laura E. Targownik, Charles N. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Agranulocytosis Due to Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride
Authors: Rudolf Kaelbling
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Only recently was the phase of preliminary testing of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride completed. The first series of papers dealing with the experiences gathered during experimental trials were reported in the "Symposium on Newer Antidepressant Drugs and Other Psychotherapeutic Drugs," held under the auspices of the University of Texas Medical Branch, Nov. 13-14, in Galveston, Texas. The proceedings of this symposium were published in March, 1960, and are the subject of a "Preliminary Communication" in this journal.<sup>1</sup>At about the same time, the drug appeared on the market under the brand name of Librium. Chemically this substance is 7-chloro-2 methylamino-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-oxide hydrochloride<sup>2</sup>(see figure). Apparently, this drug is structurally not related to any of the other tranquilizers. It is specifically recommended for its anxiety-relieving action, and for the lack of those side effects and complications encountered with the phenothiazines. The most notoriously dangerous among these toxic manifestations is agranulocytosis.<sup>3</sup> A
Increasing Minority Group Enrollment
Authors: Bernard W. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

One year ago, in its "Report to the Inter-Association Committee on Expanding Educational Opportunities in Medicine for Blacks and Other Minority Students," an Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Task Force concluded that the main barrier to attending medical school for minority students is the inadequacy of financial aid. Coincident with increasing enrollment of minority students in medical schools, federal and other sources of funds have been decreasing. The need is urgent for reversing this trend and establishing better mechanisms for utilizing available funds. Dr. Cooper reviewed the progress that has been made in the past two years to increase the representation of minority groups in US medical schools.<sup>1</sup>He also reviewed the recommendations of the Task Force for increased financial support of minority group students. As background, several comments regarding present sources of financial assistance for MD candidates in US medical schools are in order. Until recently, the
IRRIGATION OF THE SPINAL CANAL AS A PRELIMINARY TO THE INTRODUCTION OF FLEXNER'S ANTIMENINGITIC SERUM
Authors: D. I. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The use of serum in epidemic meningitis has so lessened the mortality of this dread disease that we are now able to classify it along with antidiphtheritic serum, but the mortality is still too high. This may be due in some cases to delayed administration, in others to the severe or fulminating character of the cases, and in still others to the presence of thick or purulent fluid which prevents the serum from permeating to all of the recesses of the tract. My object is not to go into details, but to mention a few points which may be of aid in the treatment of this condition. According to Flexner, the serum produces its beneficial effects by acting directly on the meningococci, the multiplication of which it inhibits. The damage which is thus inflicted leads to dissolution of the cocci, which are made more susceptible to ingestion by the phagocytes.
SYMPATHETIC INFLAMMATION FOLLOWING PANOPHTHALMITIS.
Authors: WILLIAM ZENTMAYER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

excess of convergence for near vision.By this time he was able to fix with either eye, and was beginning to show a preference for the right eye, which had the better vision.The cure seems permanent, but full binocular vision has not been obtained.Although diplopia is readily excited, it seems to give him no annoyance when the visual axes are allowed to deviate inward during near vision.
Childhood: a public health issue
Authors: S. Jenkinson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Spending two days in bed with a fever, an unpleasant headache, and then vomiting ought to be good for a doctor. It ought to recharge those heavily extracted aquifers of empathy. But I found myself thinking of my childhood, of being ill then, and being cared for by my mother. I had seen my mother only the previous week, when I did a dutiful 200 mile day trip, to give her a hug. She says that since my father died, she misses a man's arms around her, and this time she told me that I had told her that I was a good hugger. What an absurd boast. How parents continue to embarrass their children.



Human childhood is very prolonged

(Credit: CHRIS GARDNER/AP PHOTO)



The field in front of her house was full of sheep and lambs. …
Skeletal muscle blood flow in heart failure measured by ultrafast computed tomography: validation by comparison with plethysmography
Authors: P. F Ludman, M. Volterrani, A. L Clark, P. A Poole-Wilson, S. Rees, A. J S Coats
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Abnormalities of skeletal muscle perfusion and metabolism may be important in the symptomatic limitation of patients with chronic heart failure. A method for assessing both skeletal muscle blood flow and mass would be useful in clinical practice and research. Ultrafast computed tomography has the potential to make these measurements. The aim was to determine the accuracy with which skeletal muscle blood flow could be measured by ultrafast computed tomography in patients with chronic heart failure.Leg blood flow measured by venous occlusion plethysmography was compared with skeletal muscle blood flow by ultrafast computed tomography. Fourteen patients with chronic heart failure (aged 51 to 76 years) were investigated. Plethysmography and ultrafast computed tomography measurements were performed at rest and during hyperaemic flow induced by symptom limited bicycle exercise followed by five minutes of leg ischaemia. The ultrafast computed tomography measurements were made by analysing the opacification of the blood pool and of the muscle after an intravenous bolus of non-ionic radio-opaque contrast.Flows assessed by plethysmography ranged from 1.5 to 38.1 ml x 100 ml-1 x min-1. The slope of the line relating the two methods was 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.31), and the mean (95% limits of agreement) of the differences between the two methods was 2.5(10.6) ml x 100 ml-1 x min-1.Ultrafast computed tomography is a useful tool in the measurement of both skeletal muscle mass and perfusion in humans.
Prescribing: the power to set limits.
Authors: J M Harding, M Modell, S Freudenberg, R MacGregor, J N Rea, C A Steen, M Wojciechowski, G D Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (1985)

This paper discusses drawing up a restricted list of 245 drugs for use in an inner London group practice, based on a review of prescribing patterns in November 1982. The likely impact of the recent proposals by the Department of Health and Social Security to limit drugs available for prescription under the National Health Service on this project and on patient care is considered. We conclude that generic prescribing and a limited list of drugs may improve the quality of prescribing and be the only way to curb prescribing costs but that a limited list should be flexible, responsive to patients' needs, and applied to all prescribing. There should also be a mechanism for consumer feedback and regular revision of the list.
Nutritional Macrocytic Anaemia and the Animal Protein of Diet
Authors: G. F. Taylor, P. N. Chhuttani
Journal: BMJ (1945)

has kindly assisted us with these calcula- tions, and considers we are justified in giving a rough estimate that the number of living people in England and Wales who have suffered from peptic ulcer is around 1,500,000 and may even be higher.We do not wish to stress these figures except to indicate that peptic ulcer seems to be an appreciable problem in this country.Peptic Ulcer: A Modern Industrial Problem Unfortunately many cases of peptic ulcer relapse, and the majority of those who have had ulcers have to follow simple rules to avoid further symptoms-e.g., regular meals with balanced diet, avoidance of common indigestible foods, avoid- ance of undue fatigue, and maintenance of a calm philosophical outlook on life.It is a problem which mainly confronts men during their working life and often when at their prime.Although peptic ulcer does not cause heavy loss of life (little more than 1% of non-violent deaths) it results in much suffer- ing and incapacity for work.The ulcer subject has " guts " even if they are weak ones, and he does not give in easily.The man with a duodenal ulcer is usually of special value to industry, for he is over-conscientious, with plenty of drive and a sense of good standards of work.0 The magnitude of the problem demands further study of those factors in modern industrial life which favour peptic ulcer.Summary An analysis in given of all patients with digestive trouble coming to a large general hospital in Greater London.Of 1,522 patients, 952 were found to have peptic ulcer.The ratio of women to men with peptic ulcer was 1: 4.7.The ratio of gastric to duodenal ulcer was 1: 2.5.This is higher than in previous London series.The ratios of previous series are considered and possible causes for discrepancies discussed.An important factor is the exclusion of out-patients in most series, for patients with duodenal ulcer probably have less chance of hospital admission than those with gastric ulcer.The ratio of gastric and duodenal ulcer in Service series is found to be equivalent to the figure for males under 45 in the present civilian series.Calculations suggest there are about 1,500,000 living people in England and Wales who have suffered from peptic ulcer.Thanks are due to Miss C. F. Harris, our dietitian, who has kept a careful record of all in-patient and out-patient diagnoses.We are also grateful to Mr. R. M. Titmuss for statistical advice.
The language of medicine
Authors: H. R Wulff
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

There is no recognized discipline called medical linguistics, but perhaps there ought to be one. The language of medicine offers intriguing challenges both to medical historians and to linguists. Classical scholars have analysed the contents and language of the most ancient medical records in great detail, but the later development of medical terminology has received much less attention. Here I present a brief overview of the history and characteristics of the language used by medical doctors when they communicate with one another.
Development and validation of a scalable next-generation sequencing system for assessing recurrent somatic alterations in solid tumors
Authors: J. Sherlock, S. Tomlins, A. Cani, D. Hovelson, K. Rhodes, G. Bien, J. Schageman, R. Gottimukkala, S. Bandla, P. Williams, B. Johnson, S. Sadis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
Catheter ablation of Mahaim fibers with preservation of atrioventricular nodal conduction.
Authors: M Haissaguerre, J F Warin, P Le Metayer, L Maraud, L De Roy, P Montserrat, J P Massiere
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Three patients with refractory preexcited tachycardia implicating Mahaim fibers underwent attempted catheter ablation of the accessory pathway. In the absence of demonstrable retrograde conduction in Mahaim fibers, we located the accessory pathway ventricular insertion site using the criteria of concordance between paced and spontaneous QRS morphologies during pace-mapping and earliest onset of local electrogram relative to surface preexcited QRS. At this site, a QS-like pattern of unfiltered unipolar electrograms with steep downstroke was recorded. The optimal site appeared radiologically at the right ventricular anterior wall or the adjacent septum, 2-4 cm from the tricuspid anulus. Three to six 160-J shocks were delivered at this site using an anterior chest wall plate as anode. After fulguration, conduction through the Mahaim tract was absent. A right bundle branch block persisted in two patients. All patients remained free of preexcited tachycardia during 12-16 months of follow-up. Postablation electrophysiological assessment showed no preexcitation in any patient. No reciprocating tachycardia was inducible, even during isoproterenol infusion. Atrioventricular nodal conduction parameters were unchanged from baseline study. Catheter ablation of Mahaim fibers is an effective alternative method for the treatment of tachycardias that include the accessory pathway in the circuit.
A Long-Term Survivor with the Immune Dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-Linked Syndrome
Authors: Ichiro Kobayashi, Nobuaki Kawamura, Motohiko Okano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

To the Editor: In their report of bone marrow transplantation in a case of the immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX), Baud et al. (June 7 issue)1 incorrect...
Dural Sinus Thrombosis in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Peter G. Steinherz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Dural sinus thrombosis developed in two children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during induction treatment with vincristine sulfate, prednisone, and asparaginase. Headache, nausea, emesis, and lethargy were the presenting signs. The diagnosis was confirmed by arteriography. The cause is presumed to be secondary to hypercoagulability due to asparaginase-induced antithrombin III deficiency. The patients received anticoagulation therapy and recovered completely. Only two of the six reported patients without heparinization survived.
Increasing Congestive Heart Failure: A Manifestation of Digitalis Toxicity
Authors: ROBERT C. BATTERMAN, LEONARD B. GUTNER
Journal: Circulation (1950)

While it has been widely appreciated that myocardial function is increased with optimal digitalis dosage, it is not well recognized that toxic concentration may impair myocardial efficiency to the point of producing increased signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure. This was demonstrated in 15 patients who could be adequately maintained with a digitalis preparation. Upon increase in dosage, all patients presented an increase in congestive heart failure which subsided upon stopping or decreasing the digitalis dosage.
IL-6 and Stat3 Are Required for Survival of Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Development of Colitis-Associated Cancer
Authors: Sergei Grivennikov, Eliad Karin, Janos Terzic, Daniel Mucida, Guann-Yi Yu, Sivakumar Vallabhapurapu, Jürgen Scheller, Stefan Rose-John, Hilde Cheroutre, Lars Eckmann, Michael Karin
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
Large Sarcomatous Neuroma of the Internal Popliteal Nerve
Authors: G. Buchanan
Journal: BMJ (1900)

SARCOMATOUS NEUROMA OF POPLITEAL NERVE.lmTc BTor 95 and generally this is easily accomplished, as the ureter is dilated above the point of impaction of the stone, but if it is firmly fixed an incision should be made through the wall of' the ureter, and after the calculus has been extracted the incision may be closed by sutuires.
Effect of magnetic field exposure on anchorage-independent growth of a promoter-sensitive mouse epidermal cell line (JB6).
Authors: J E Snawder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The anchorage-independent growth of mouse epidermal cells (JB6) exposed to 60-Hz magnetic fields (MF) was investigated. Promotion-responsive JB6 cells were suspended in agar (10(4)cells/plate) and exposed continuously to 0.10 or 0.96 mT, 60-Hz magnetic fields for 10-14 days, with or without concurrent treatment with the tumor promoter tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA). Exposures to MF were conducted in a manner such that the experimenter was blind to the treatment group of the cells. At the end of the exposure period, the anchorage-independent growth of JB6 cells on soft agar was examined by counting the number of colonies larger than 60 microm (minimum of 60 cells). The use of a combined treatment of the cells with both MF and TPA was to provide an internal positive control to estimate the success of the assay and to allow evaluation of co-promotion. Statistical analysis was performed by a randomized block design analysis of variance to examine both the effect of TPA treatment (alone and in combination with MF exposure) and the effect of intra-assay variability. Transformation frequency of JB6 cells displayed a dose-dependent response to increasing concentrations of TPA. Coexposure of cells to both TPA and 0.10 or 0.96 mT, 60-Hz MF did not result in any differences in transformation frequency for any TPA concentrations tested (0-1 ng/ml). These data indicate that exposure to a 0.10 or 0.96 mT, 60-Hz MF does not act as a promoter or co-promoter in promotion-sensitive JB6 cell anchorage-independent growth.
Comparison of different strategies for treatment of duodenal ulcer.
Authors: A Sonnenberg
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A simple model of a Markov chain was used to study the long term outcome of different strategies for the treatment of duodenal ulcer. Maintenance treatment with H2 receptor antagonists surpassed intermittent drug treatment and proximal gastric vagotomy with respect to the relapse free interval and severe postoperative morbidity. With maintenance treatment the rate of complications and the number of deaths related to ulcer were slightly higher than after proximal gastric vagotomy. Nevertheless, because the few deaths from proximal gastric vagotomy occur at the initiation of treatment the loss of life years during maintenance treatment exceeded that of proximal gastric vagotomy only after 20 years. Despite its rarity, severe postoperative morbidity after proximal gastric vagotomy far exceeded that after the few emergency operations which would become necessary in the course of maintenance treatment. The superiority of maintenance treatment over proximal gastric vagotomy remained insensitive to changes in the assumptions underlying the recurrence rate with both treatments and the postoperative morbidity of proximal gastric vagotomy.