tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlations of the Orthogonal Electrocardiogram and Vectorcardiogram with Constitutional Variables in 518 Normal Men
Authors: HUBERT V. PIPBERGER, MERVIN J. GOLDMAN, DAVID LITTMANN, GEORGE P. MURPHY, JOHN COSMA, JAMES R. SNYDER
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Correlations were computed between 333 different electrocardiographic measurements and constitutional variables of 518 normal men. The variables consisted of age, body weight, height, chest configuration, race, and deviations from ideal weight according to height. The most significant correlations were encountered with age. With every decade of life, QRS amplitude measurements decreased at an average rate of 6.5%. Although less in absolute voltage terms, amplitude decreases with age were even more significant for the ST-T complex where the average decline was 9.75% for each decade. Comparison of records from white and Negro subjects revealed marked differences. Most amplitude measurements were higher in the latter group. Furthermore, configurations of leads X and Y differed significantly, with smaller Q/R ratios in Negroes. These findings strongly suggest reevaluation of diagnostic criteria according to race both for recognition of ventricular hypertrophies and myocardial infarcts. Correlations with chest configuration revealed a large number of differences but their significance level was relatively low. Body weight appeared to exert a stronger influence upon the ECG. Obesity led to decreases in amplitude and QRS rotations in superior and anterior directions. Correlations with deviations from ideal weight, calculated according to body height, did not exceed the significance level of those obtained with weight only. Body height appeared to exert the least influence upon the electrocardiogram. The results of the correlations emphasize the need for stratification of ECG data according to constitutional variables, particularly for age, race, and body weight. Use of this information will lead to enhancement of diagnostic ECG differentiation and serve as a basis for epidemiological investigations, particularly studies on aging.
Mechanisms involved in the response to prolonged infusion of atrial natriuretic factor in patients with chronic heart failure.
Authors: T Münzel, H Drexler, J Holtz, S Kurtz, H Just
Journal: Circulation (1991)

We examined the mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular and renal response to prolonged infusion of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in patients with chronic heart failure. ANF infusion was titrated to produce a 30% decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure or a 20% increase in cardiac output, and this dose (average, 75 +/- 4 ng/kg/min) was then administered for 20 hours. The short-term response to ANF included significant reductions in central filling pressures, increases in cardiac output, modest increases in diuresis and glomerular filtration rates, significant reduction in plasma aldosterone levels, and a 3.6-fold increase in plasma cyclic GMP levels. During prolonged infusion, plasma cGMP levels and cardiac output gradually returned to baseline. Similarly, the initially increased diuretic effects were completely abolished during prolonged ANF infusion, although plasma alpha-hANF levels remained consistently elevated above baseline values (control, 198 +/- 38; titration, 2,760 +/- 596; 20 hours, 3,499 +/- 659 pg/ml). Four hours after beginning the ANF infusion, marked increases in hematocrit levels were noted (42.5 +/- 1.0% versus 45.3 +/- 1.4%, control and infusion, respectively, p less than 0.05); during this time, no change in total plasma protein concentration occurred, indicating extravascular shift of fluid and plasma proteins. No evidence was noted for activation of vasoconstrictor hormones during prolonged ANF infusion, although mean arterial pressure was significantly reduced throughout the infusion period. Plasma pro-ANF (31-67) levels, determined as a marker for endogenous ANF secretion, were significantly suppressed as were the reductions of central filling pressures. After ANF discontinuation, heart rate and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increased significantly above baseline values without evidence for sympathetic stimulation. We conclude that 1) prolonged infusion of ANF causes only transient increases in plasma cGMP levels but a sustained reduction of the cardiac release of ANF and that 2) the beneficial hemodynamic effects of ANF, that is, unloading of the ventricles, may be associated with or, in part, may be secondary to a shift of plasma constituents into the extravascular space. The latter may limit the therapeutic potential of ANF for long-term treatment.
Preoperative Urography for Pelvic Masses
Authors: Garry D. Strauser
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Included in the fine article Gynecologic Radiology by Wilhelm Z. Stern, MD (238:1763, 1977), are some of the ways in which excretion urography plays a role in evaluation of pelvic masses.  It is also worth emphasizing that in the presence of a palpable mass, preoperative excretion urography is essential, since a pelvic ectopic kidney may be mistaken for a neoplasm of the ovaries, uterus, 1 or mesentery. 2 Furthermore, since renal ectopy is occasionally accompanied by absence of the contralateral kidney, inadvertant removal of or damage to an ectopic kidney can be disastrous. 3   Although preoperative ultrasonography is helpful in the evaluation of a pelvic mass and can often define a pelvic kidney, ectopic kidneys have been missed by this modality. 4 The need for urography, therefore, is not obviated by previous sonography. Furthermore, the urogram not only can reveal urinary tract involvement by the mass but
Treatment and Surgical Staging of Testicular and Primary Extragonadal Germ Cell Cancer
Authors: Marc B. Garnick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Fifty-four patients with disseminated germ cell cancer (primary testicular, 39; primary extragonadal, 15) were treated with vinblastine sulfate, bleomycin sulfate, and cisplatin, followed by tumor-reductive surgery. Cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin hydrochloride were given after surgery. Thirty-five patients with primary testicular disease achieved a complete remission; two of these relapsed from complete remission, and one died in complete remission. Median follow-up was 37 months. Ten (67%) of the 15 patients with extragonadal cancer achieved a complete remission; five of these relapsed from complete remission, and only four remained in complete remission for a median of 40 months. Thirty-eight patients underwent surgery after chemotherapy. Eleven had residual cancer, 14 had teratoma, and 13 had fibrosis. The use of remission-induction chemotherapy followed by surgical removal of residual abnormalities can cure most patients with disseminated testicular cancer. These same therapeutic strategies are inadequate in the treatment of patients with primary extragonadal disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:1733-1741)
Lentiviral vectors with two independent internal promoters transfer high-level expression of multiple transgenes to human hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells
Authors: Xiaobing Yu, Xiangcan Zhan, Jenice D'Costa, Vivek M Tanavde, Zhaohui Ye, Tien Peng, Matthew T Malehorn, Xiaoming Yang, Curt I Civin, Linzhao Cheng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) offer several advantages over traditional oncoretroviral vectors. LVs efficiently transduce slowly dividing cells, including hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSCs), resulting in stable gene transfer and expression. Additionally, recently developed self-inactivating (SIN) LVs allow promoter-specific transgene expression. For many gene transfer applications, transduction of more than one gene is needed. We obtained inconsistent results in our attempts to coexpress two transgenes linked by an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) element in a single bicistronic LV transcript. In more than six bicistronic LVs we constructed containing a gene of interest followed by an IRES and the GFP reporter gene, GFP fluorescence was undetectable in transduced cells. We therefore investigated how to achieve consistent and efficient coexpression of two transgenes by LVs. In a SIN LV containing the elongation factor 1alpha promoter, we included a second promoter from cytomegalovirus, the phosphoglycerate kinase gene, or the HLA-DRalpha gene. Using a single LV containing two constitutive promoters, we achieved strong and sustained expression of both transgenes in transduced engrafting CD34(+) HSCs and their progeny, as well as in other human cell types. Thus, such dual-promoter LVs can coexpress multiple transgenes efficiently in a single target cell and will enable many gene transfer applications.
Chicago's War on Syphilis, 1937-1940: The Times, the Trib, and the Clap Doctor
Authors: Robert C. Kimbrough
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In<i>Chicago's War on Syphilis</i>Suzanne Poirier has produced a detailed minibiography of Dr Ben L. Reitman of Chicago spanning the years of 1937 through 1940. (However, for a fuller picture of Dr Reitman,<i>The Damndest Radical</i>by Roger A. Bruns is recommended.) Professor Poirier alludes to Chicago's syphilis control efforts as a "microcosm" of the national effort to control venereal diseases in the 1930s, without much comparison data from the rest of the United States. Poirier paints a picture of a lone crusader waging a "truth in advertising" campaign against city and federal government bureaucrats and the members of the Chicago Medical Society. Among other actions, he undertook an experimental distribution of mercury ointment to prostitutes and susceptible men and delivered numerous provocative speeches at the risk of his career. The battle was actually against the public's view that any venereal disease was equated with immoral behavior. The inability
Salt-sensitive hypertension in endothelin-B receptor–deficient rats
Authors: Cheryl E. Gariepy, Takashi Ohuchi, S. Clay Williams, James A. Richardson, Masashi Yanagisawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

The role of the endothelin-B receptor (ETB) in vascular homeostasis is controversial because the receptor has both pressor and depressor effects in vivo. Spotting lethal (sl) rats carry a naturally occurring deletion in the ETB gene that completely abrogates functional receptor expression. Rats homozygous for this mutation die shortly after birth due to congenital distal intestinal aganglionosis. Genetic rescue of ETBsl/sl rats from this developmental defect using a dopamine-—hydroxylase (DBH)-ETB transgene results in ETB-deficient adult rats. On a sodium-deficient diet, DBH-ETB;ETBsl/sl and DBH-ETB;ETB+/+ rats both exhibit a normal arterial blood pressure, but on a high-sodium diet, the former are severely hypertensive. We find no difference in plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone concentration between salt-fed wild-type, DBH-ETB;ETB+/+ or DBH-ETB;ETBsl/sl rats, and acute responses to intravenous L-NAME and indomethacin are similar between DBH-ETB;ETBsl/sl and DBH-ETB;ETB+/+ rats. Irrespective of diet, DBH-ETB;ETBsl/sl rats exhibit increased circulating ET-1, and, on a high-sodium diet, they show increased but incomplete hypotensive responses to acute treatment an ETA-antagonist. Normal pressure is restored in salt-fed DBH-ETB;ETBsl/sl rats when the epithelial sodium channel is blocked with amiloride. We conclude that DBH-ETB;ETBsl/sl rats are a novel single-locus genetic model of severe salt-sensitive hypertension. Our results suggest that DBH-ETB;ETBsl/sl rats are hypertensive because they lack the normal tonic inhibition of the renal epithelial sodium channel.
Value of hypotonic duodenography as an adjunct to pancreatic scanning
Authors: D. M. McCarthy, L. Kreel, J. E. Agnew, I. A. D. Bouchier
Journal: Gut (1969)

A technique has been developed which allows the position of the upper gastrointestinal tract, as determined radiographically, to be superimposed on the pancreatic photoscan, performed after an injection of <sup>75</sup>Se-selenomethionine. Results of the technique applied to 27 `abnormal9 and 23 `normal9 subjects are described. The importance of the additional information gained by the combined technique is discussed in terms of normal variation and increased diagnostic yield, and the situations in which it was found most useful are described. The addition of correlated duodenography rendered scan reporting more objective in 50% of cases.
Reinfection with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis
Authors: T. Nakagawa, M. Sasaki, Y. Ishihama, T. Takaiwa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Reinfection with lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis Get access T. Nakagawa, T. Nakagawa Kagawa Medical University, I750‐1 Ikenobe, Miki‐cho. Kita‐gun, Kagawa 761‐07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Sasaki, M. Sasaki Kagawa Medical University, I750‐1 Ikenobe, Miki‐cho. Kita‐gun, Kagawa 761‐07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Ishihama, Y. Ishihama Kagawa Medical University, I750‐1 Ikenobe, Miki‐cho. Kita‐gun, Kagawa 761‐07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Takaiwa T. Takaiwa Kagawa Medical University, I750‐1 Ikenobe, Miki‐cho. Kita‐gun, Kagawa 761‐07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 5, 1 November 1997, Pages 834–835, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb01137.x Published: 01 November 1997
Palpable Calcified Parathyroid Gland in Primary Chief-Cell Hyperplasia
Authors: A R Arnstein, I K Rosenberg, J Belamaric, J M Pierce, D McCann, J A Prunty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

THE patient described below had the unusual finding of an enlarged parathyroid gland that was palpable and showed calcification on plain-film radiographs.Case ReportJ.W., a 61-year-old man, was admitted to Detroit General Hospital for prostatism. He denied symptoms of hypercalcemia, kidney stones or bone pain. Physical examination disclosed a 1-cm nodule to the left of the trachea near the upper thyroid pole that moved with swallowing.Initial screening showed a serum calcium of over 15, with a mean value of 16.3 mg per 100 ml, and a serum phosphorus of 1.9 mg per 100 ml. Peripheral serum immunoreactive parathyroid . . .
Impact of (bio)chemical and physical procedures on food allergen stability
Authors: Cristina Soler‐Rivas, Harry J. Wichers
Journal: Allergy (2001)

A variety of methods have been used to attempt to decrease the allergenicity of food products, with highly variable success. Limited knowledge of allergen and epitope structures and the factors governing their stability may explain this, and the ensuing need for an empirical approach. A combined effort from a processing and genomics-based approach may open up new ways to improve the quality of foods from an allergenic perspective. Based on structural knowledge, a suitable approach can be chosen that is, for instance, heat stable but protease sensitive; protease resistant but not heat stable; easy to extract; easy to mask because the epitope is exactly on a crosslink site; a molecular probe design that allows screening of germplasm collections.
Q Fever
Authors: Francis P. Vose
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

SINCE the initial paper on Q fever1 was published, epidemics and scattered cases within the United States have been reported from California, Texas, Illinois, Virginia and Pennsylvania.2 3 4 5 6 No naturally occurring cases have been reported from the New England area. This case is of some interest because of its possible occupational nature.Case ReportF. M. was a 39-year-old white wool handler who previously had been in excellent health. On May 15, 1950, he had a shaking chill and generalized muscular aches followed by daily shaking chills. He was first seen on the 8th day after the onset of the illness. . . .
Waveform Patterns in Frank-Lead Rest and Exercise Electrocardiograms of Healthy Elderly Men
Authors: P. M. RAUTAHARJU, S. PUNSAR, H. BLACKBURN, J. WARREN, A. MENOTTI
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Waveform patterns of P, ST and T vector functions of Frank-lead rest and exercise vectorcardiograms (VCG) of 375 ostensibly normal males, aged 50-70 years, were evaluated by waveform vector analysis (WVA). This procedure suitably quantified waveform information, providing a stable reduced data base comprising mean vector (MV), gradient vector (GV), convex vector (CV), sigmoid vector (SV), and quaternary vector (QV). In resting VCG, most of the waveform vectors were clustered fairly uniformly in space with tight directional distributions of widely varied magnitudes; normal limits of these magnitudes were established and their spatial frequency distributions mapped. Individual vectors' contributions to the overall waveform pattern of the vector function were quantified with waveform power indices. The GV accounted for &gt;90% of ST waveform power, whereas the CV and GV jointly accounted for about 90% of T waveform and &gt;80% of P wave waveform variation. Exercise elicited significant changes in magnitude and orientation of some vectors. All P wave vectors increased; by an average of 68% in P-MV, 80% in P-GV, 64% in P-CV, and by 41% in P-SV. The P waveform changes were compatible with enhancement of surface potentials associated with excitation of the right atrium. By contrast, T-CV and T-QV decreased slightly. ST-MV shifted clockwise to the right and upward whereas ST-GV rotated in the opposite direction toward inferior and left. ST-segment gradients and the corresponding ST-GV were independent of heart rate, whereas the (conventional) ST slope tended to increase unpredictably with increasing heart rate.
Protective measures may help prevent Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: P. Noone
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Protective measures may help prevent Helicobacter pylori infection Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Resting membrane potential, extracellular potassium activity, and intracellular sodium activity during acute global ischemia in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts.
Authors: A G Kléber
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Transmembrane potentials, extracellular potassium activity, and intracellular sodium activity were determined during acute global ischemia in Langendorff perfused guinea pig ventricles by microelectrode techniques. Resting membrane potential decreased with a sigmoidal time course from -82 mV to -49.5 +/- 2.7 mV (SD, n = 6) and extracellular potassium activity increased from 4 to 5 mM to 14.7 +/- 1.3 mM (n = 8) during 15 minutes of ischemia. The estimated potassium equilibrium potential was 7 mV more negative than resting membrane potential prior to occlusion, but approached resting membrane potential during ischemia. An increase in extracellular potassium accumulation occurred when heart rate was increased abruptly from 60 to 170 beats/min. After rapid stimulation, a transient decrease of extracellular potassium activity occurred which was abolished in the presence of 10(-6) M strophanthidin. If the preparations were paced before and after aortic occlusion at a constant rate, potassium accumulation was independent of heart rate within a range of 50-170 beats/min. Intracellular sodium activity was 8.8 +/- 2.8 mM (n = 8) prior to occlusion and decreased slightly to values between 4.7 and 7.6 mM after 10-15 minutes of ischemia. The results suggest that relative potassium permeability largely predominates over relative sodium permeability during the decrease of resting membrane potential after interruption of aortic flow. Furthermore, active sodium-potassium exchange compensates for the rate-dependent fraction of potassium efflux and maintains a low intracellular sodium activity. For reasons of electroneutrality, the potassium efflux underlying extracellular potassium accumulation must be balanced by an equivalent charge movement which is not carried by sodium. The most probable hypothesis regarding the charge carriers is that net potassium efflux occurs secondary to efflux of phosphate and lactate generated during ischemia.
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration at Delivery and during the Newborn Period
Authors: Inese Z. Beitins, Francis Bayard, Lynne Levitsky, Isadore G. Ances, Avinoam Kowarski, Claude J. Migeon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Aldosterone concentrations in plasma of women on normal sodium intake undergoing cesarean section were 3.7±1.4 ng/100 ml (mean±1 SD). These values were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than those observed in mothers on normal sodium diet, delivered by the vaginal route (14.9±7.0 ng/100 ml). A significant elevation (P < 0.001) of the concentrations was found if the mothers had been on sodium restriction and/or diuretics (44.9±24.2 ng/100 ml). In supine position, adult nonpregnant subjects have aldosterone concentrations in plasma of 1.7±1.4 ng/100 ml on normal sodium intake and of 16.7±8.1 ng/100 ml on low sodium diet.
Identification of Children and Adolescents at Risk for Renal Scarring After a First Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Nader Shaikh, Jonathan C. Craig, Maroeska M. Rovers, Liviana Da Dalt, Stefanos Gardikis, Alejandro Hoberman, Giovanni Montini, Carlos Rodrigo, Seppo Taskinen, David Tuerlinckx, Timothy Shope
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

No studies have systematically examined the accuracy of clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables in detecting renal scarring in children and adolescents with a first urinary tract infection.To identify independent prognostic factors for the development of renal scarring and to combine these factors in prediction models that could be useful in clinical practice.MEDLINE and EMBASE.We included patients aged 0 to 18 years with a first urinary tract infection who underwent follow-up renal scanning with technetium Tc 99m succimer at least 5 months later.We pooled individual patient data from 9 cohort studies.We examined the association between predictor variables assessed at the time of the first urinary tract infection and the development of renal scarring. Renal scarring was defined by the presence of photopenia on the renal scan. We assessed the following 3 models: clinical (demographic information, fever, and etiologic organism) and ultrasonographic findings (model 1); model 1 plus serum levels of inflammatory markers (model 2); and model 2 plus voiding cystourethrogram findings (model 3).Of the 1280 included participants, 199 (15.5%) had renal scarring. A temperature of at least 39°C, an etiologic organism other than Escherichia coli, an abnormal ultrasonographic finding, polymorphonuclear cell count of greater than 60%, C-reactive protein level of greater than 40 mg/L, and presence of vesicoureteral reflux were all associated with the development of renal scars (P ≤ .01 for all). Although the presence of grade IV or V vesicoureteral reflux was the strongest predictor of renal scarring, this degree of reflux was present in only 4.1% of patients. The overall predictive ability of model 1 with 3 variables (temperature, ultrasonographic findings, and etiologic organism) was only 3% to 5% less than the predictive ability of models requiring a blood draw and/or a voiding cystourethrogram. Patients with a model 1 score of 2 or more (21.7% of the sample) represent a particularly high-risk group in whom the risk for renal scarring was 30.7%. At this cutoff, model 1 identified 44.9% of patients with eventual renal scarring.Children and adolescents with an abnormal renal ultrasonographic finding or with a combination of high fever (≥39°C) and an etiologic organism other than E coli are at high risk for the development of renal scarring.