tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Charles Nicolle and the Frontiers of Medicine
Authors: Meir Yoeli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

CONSCIOUS of the great contribution of her scientists to the fields of medicine and public health, France commemorated last year the centenary of the birth of Dr. Charles Nicolle, one of the noblest and most illustrious of her sons.The contemporary medical student in the English-speaking nations rarely comes across the name of Charles Nicolle. No micro-organism, no agent and no vector of disease carries his name. Yet the impact of his work permeates the fabric of modern medicine, and his concepts have been fundamentals in the knowledge of infectious and communicable diseases.One contemplates his work today and his . . .
Alpha-1 antitrypsin Z protein (PiZ) increases hepatic fibrosis in a murine model of cholestasis
Authors: Ali Mencin, Ekihiro Seki, Yosuke Osawa, Yuzo Kodama, Samuele De Minicis, Michael Knowles, David A. Brenner
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (α1-AT) deficiency is the most common genetic cause of liver disease in children. The homozygous α1-ATZ mutation (PiZZ) results in significant liver disease in 10% of all affected patients. The α1-ATZ mutation also may lead to worse liver injury in the setting of other liver diseases such as cystic fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatitis C. Although cholestatic injury is common to many forms of liver disease, its effect on the PiZZ phenotype is unknown. To elucidate the interplay of cholestasis and the PiZZ phenotype, we performed bile duct ligation (BDL) on C57BL/6 mice possessing a transgenic α1-ATZ mutation and littermate controls. PiZ transgenic mice undergoing BDL developed more liver fibrosis by quantification of Sirius red staining ( P = 0.0003) and hydroxyproline ( P = 0.007) than wild-type mice after BDL. More activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and apoptotic cells also were observed in the PiZ BDL model. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers CHOP and GRP78 were 4-fold and 2-fold more up-regulated, respectively, in PiZ BDL mice when compared with wild-type BDL mice ( P = 0.02, P = 0.02). Increased apoptosis was also noted in PiZ BDL mice by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and cleaved caspase-3 histological staining. Conclusion : PiZ transgenic mice are more susceptible to liver fibrosis induced by cholestasis from BDL. Cholestasis therefore may lead to increased fibrosis in α1-AT deficiency, and the α1-ATZ mutation may act as a modifier gene in patients with concurrent cholestatic liver diseases such as cystic fibrosis.
Pediatric Urology: A General Urologist’s Guide
Authors: Chester J. Koh
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND VARICOSE VEINS
Authors: Timothy Leary
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the paper on arteriosclerosis and varicose veins by Drs. Lake, Pratt and Wright (The Journal, June 27, p. 696) appears the statement: "Although years of study by numerous workers have been devoted to this great enigma of biology, it can be fairly stated that today it is not known whether arteriosclerosis should be considered as a disease or as a purely degenerative process." The arterial lesions that are discussed in this paper are largely due to atherosclerosis, after primary spasmodic processes and the minor Mönckeberg's sclerosis are excluded. Atherosclerosis is not a "purely degenerative process." It is a complex disease as specific in character as the infectious diseases. Unlike so-called senile sclerosis, a negative condition due to passive dilatation of weakness of arterial walls, atherosclerosis is an active disease of positive quality, which may even be characterized as an aggressive disease when it kills robust boys
Fire ants are stinging nine southern states
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

At least some of them apparently slipped into this country via a South American ship 50 or 60 years ago. They have prospered, become a problem, and defied all efforts to get rid of them. Who are these illegal immigrants? The fire ants (<i>Solenopsis</i>). Physicians at the American Academy of Allergy meeting in New Orleans reported treating increasing numbers of human allergic reactions to the fire ant sting. (One reason for the fire ant's name is that its sting is said to feel much like a burn.) The reactions are often extremely serious. A number of deaths have occurred, and some fingers and toes have required amputation, according to the American Farm Bureau. Another type of case was reported by a chemist in a letter to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Washington, DC. On three separate occasions, he wrote, he was stung by fire ants. Within several weeks, skin
Laser-induced fluorescence guided laser angioplasty using exogenous probe (tetracycline)
Authors: Koh Arakawa, Theodore Papazoglou, Thanassis Papaioannou, Weiqiang Shi, Frank Litvack, Michael Fishbein, James S. Forrester, Warren S. Grundfest
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Köbberling Type of Familial Partial Lipodystrophy
Authors: Karen L. Herbst, Lisa R. Tannock, Samir S. Deeb, Jonathan Q. Purnell, John D. Brunzell, Alan Chait
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—The phenotypic expression of partial lipodystrophy is present in two familial syndromes: familial partial lipodystrophy type 1 (FPLD1), with fat loss from the extremities, and central obesity and FPLD type 2, with fat loss from the extremities, abdomen, and thorax. The latter disorder is associated with mutations in the LMNA gene. FPLD1 is thought to be rare. Here, we report 13 subjects with FPLD1, suggesting that this syndrome is more common than previously thought. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Fasting glucose, plasma lipids, leptin, HbA1c, and anthropomorphic measurements were evaluated in 13 subjects with clinical features of FPLD1 and are compared with two age-matched control groups, with and without diabetes. RESULTS—Only women with clinical features of FPLD1 have been identified. Although they lack extremity and gluteal subcutaneous fat, they do have truncal obesity. Skinfold thickness on the arm and leg was significantly less than that in control subjects. The ratio of skinfold thickness from abdomen to thigh was significantly higher in subjects, suggesting an easy method for identifying affected patients. FPLD1 subjects also had components of the metabolic syndrome, including hypertension, insulin resistance, and severe hypertriglyceridemia resulting in pancreatitis. Premature coronary artery disease was present in 31% of subjects. None of the subjects had coding mutations in the LMNA gene or in the gene coding for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ. CONCLUSIONS—FPLD1 is more common than previously described, but the diagnosis is often missed. Early recognition and intensive treatment of hyperlipidemia and diabetes in FPLD1 is important for prevention of pancreatitis and early cardiovascular disease.
The Country Doctor.
Authors: W. K. McCoy
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Gum Spring, Va., June 16, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I am very glad to note inThe Journal, June 2, 1906, page 1711, Dr. M. W. Pearson's reply to Dr. John C. Wilson on "The Country Doctor." I am confident that Dr. Wilson's article is calculated to do great mischief, for it may be the means of stimulating other young and over-confident practitioners to undertake operations which they are incapable of performing except in a third-rate or fourth-rate manner, thus not only jeopardizing human lives without warrant, but bringing scientific surgery into disrepute with the non-discriminating public. I am myself a country practitioner, and I know whereof I write. In my judgment, the country doctor (or any other general practitioner), who does major surgery, except in the most extreme emergencies, deserves to have his license to practice revoked. To me it seems the baldest nonsense to talk of the country
Phenomenology, context, and self-experience in schizophrenia
Authors: Louis A. Sass, Peter J. Uhlhaas
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract Impairments in cognitive coordination in schizophrenia are supported by phenomenological data that suggest deficits in the processing of visual context. Although the target article is sympathetic to such a phenomenological perspective, we argue that the relevance of phenomenological data for a wider understanding of consciousness in schizophrenia is not sufficiently addressed by the authors.
Changes in the electroencephalogram in acute uremia. Effects of parathyroid hormone and brain electrolytes.
Authors: R Guisado, A I Arieff, S G Massry, V Lazarowitz, A Kerian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Studies were carried out in order to evaluate the effects of changes in brain calcium and the influence of parathyroidectomy and administration of parathyroid extract on the electroencephalogram (EEG) of normal and uremic dogs. Manual analysis of frequency and power distribution of the EEG in uremic dogs revealed a significant increase in both the percentage distribution and the area or power occupied by frequencies below 5 Hz. In addition, high amplitude bursts of delta activity were apparent in the uremic dog. These changes were largely prevented by parathyroidectomy before the induction of uremia, but the administration of parathyroid extract to either normal dogs, or to previously parathyroidectomized uremic dogs, induced EEG changes similar to those noted in uremic animals with intact parathyroid glands. In all groups of animals which showed EEG changes, brain content of calcium was significantly higher than in either normal dogs or previously parathyroidectomized uremic dogs. Changes in arterial pH and bicarbonate, or in the concentrations of Na+, K+, urea, or creatinine in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid were similar in uremic animals with intact parthyroid glands and in previously parathyroidectomized uremia dogs. The results indicate that the EEG changes found in dogs with acute renal failure require the presence of excess parathyroid hormone in blood, and they may be related to the observed changes in brain content of calcium.
Microcomputers in antenatal care: a feasibility study on the booking interview.
Authors: R J Lilford, T Chard
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The potential application of computers for recording and analysing patient data has been recognised for many years,-1 1 though widespread use has been hampered by practical factors- in particular, cost and dependence on monolithic centralised systems.Nevertheless, the considerably reduced price, compact size, and simplified handling of the newer "micro" computers based on the microprocessor promise to revolutionise medical care.'2We describe an interactive system for acquiring a full patient history at the time of the first antenatal visit (booking visit). EquipmentThe three items of "hardware" required are detailed in the table and illustrated in figure 1.Hardware requirements
Varicella Vaccine Expected to Be Ready by 1993
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

IF PRESENT FINDINGS hold up, US physicians should by early next year have a safe and effective vaccine against varicella. Trials with production lots of the vaccine are under way. A license application will be submitted to the Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md, probably in the next two or three months. <h3>Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella?</h3> Meanwhile, the manufacturer is studying incorporation of the varicella vaccine into the measles-mumps-rubella combination. When this is licensed, investigators say, it should simplify the pediatric immunization schedule. The varicella vaccine is an attenuated live virus agent, cultivated for 31 passages on MRC-5 cells, a human diploid line. To date, more than 9000 children and 2000 adolescents and adults in a number of studies have been immunized with the agent with an overall efficacy greater than 80%. Some 95% of vaccinees have demonstrated protective antibody titers for up to six years. The vaccine is given by subcutaneous injection
Teaching adolescents to say 'no' to tobacco
Authors: Kathryn Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Adolescents may be more likely to practice preventive health measures when they're informed of the immediate, rather than the long-term, effects of "maladaptive" habits that can lead to heart disease, according to researchers at the Stanford University Center for Research in Disease Prevention, Palo Alto, Calif. Focusing on the immediate negative effects of smoking, such as reduced attractiveness and poor stamina, may dissuade adolescents from adopting the habit, says Michael Telch, PhD, who, along with Joel Killen, PhD, is codirector of the Stanford Adolescent Health Project. The first aim of the health project, says Telch, is to make students more receptive to changing their life-styles. In classes conducted three times a week by Stanford graduates, many of whom are now in medical school or are preparing in some other way for a medical career, adolescents are taught how to take control of their lives in general (in relationships with parents,
Childhood Separation Anxiety and the Risk of Subsequent Psychopathology: Results from a Community Study
Authors: Tanja M. Brückl, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Michael Höfler, Hildegard Pfister, Silvia Schneider, Roselind Lieb
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt; To examine the association between separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and mental disorders in a community sample and to evaluate whether separation anxiety is specifically related to panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; The data come from a 4-year, prospective longitudinal study of a representative cohort of adolescents and young adults aged 14–24 years at baseline in Munich, Germany. The present analyses are based on a subsample of the younger cohort that completed baseline and two follow-up investigations (n = 1,090). DSM-IV diagnoses were made using the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Cox regressions with time-dependent covariates were used to examine whether prior SAD is associated with an increased risk for subsequent mental disorders. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Participants meeting DSM-IV criteria for SAD were at an increased risk of developing subsequent panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDAG) (HR = 18.1, 95% CI = 5.6–58.7), specific phobia (HR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.001–7.6), generalized anxiety disorder (HR = 9.4, 95% CI = 1.8–48.7), obsessive-compulsive disorder (HR = 10.7, 95% CI = 1.7–66.1), bipolar disorder (HR = 7.7, 95% CI = 2.8–20.8), pain disorder (HR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.3–9.1), and alcohol dependence (HR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.7–12.4). Increased hazard rates for PDAG (HR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.4–12.1), bipolar disorder type II (HR = 8.1, 95% CI = 2.3–27.4), pain disorder (HR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.01–3.5), and alcohol dependence (HR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1–4.) were also found for subjects fulfilling subthreshold SAD. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Although revealing a strong association between SAD and PDAG, our results argue against a specific SAD-PDAG relationship. PDAG was neither a specific outcome nor a complete mediator variable of SAD.
Exclusion of circulating T cells from the thymus does not apply in the neonatal period.
Authors: C D Surh, J Sprent, S R Webb
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Although T cells arise in the thymus, migration of mature postthymic T cells back to the thymus is very limited in adult mice and is restricted to activated cells. In neonates, by contrast, we present evidence that circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with a naive/resting phenotype readily enter the thymus after intravenous injection and remain there for prolonged periods. The migration of resting T cells to the neonatal thymus is largely limited to an unusual subset of cells which lacks expression of the lymph node homing receptor, leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (LECAM-1) (MEL-14). Migration of mature T cells to the thymus in neonates may be important for self-tolerance induction.
REPORT CXVIII. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON A TWENTY-FOUR HOURS' WALKING RACE
Authors: F. Cook, E. G. Schleisinger, A. H. Todd
Journal: BMJ (1909)

Present condition: The two inner toes of the right foot are normal in development, the three outer very much enlarged and resembling small tubers; they are acutely dorsiflexed, and arise from a much thickened sole pad.
Itching is a significant problem and a mediator between disease severity and quality of life for patients with psoriasis: results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: B. Zhu, E. Edson‐Heredia, J. Guo, T. Maeda‐Chubachi, W. Shen, A.B. Kimball
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

In patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) has been shown to improve in parallel with improvement in disease severity. To evaluate the role of pruritus (itch) in mediating the relationship between improvements in disease severity and HRQOL. Data from a phase 2 clinical trial, in which 142 patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis received ixekizumab or placebo, were used for this posthoc analysis. Relationships between improvement in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Itch Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), as well as in individual DLQI domains (symptoms and feelings, treatment, work and school, daily activities, leisure, and personal relationships) from baseline to week 16 were determined. Multiple hierarchical linear regressions and Sobel tests were conducted to evaluate the results. Improvement in PASI was highly correlated with pruritus improvement and improvements in DLQI total and domain scores at week 16 (P <0·01). Multiple hierarchical linear regression analyses showed a statistically significant (P <0·01) association between improvement in pruritus and improvement in DLQI total score and each of the six DLQI domain scores after adjusting for improvement in PASI. Sobel tests indicated that pruritus had a significant mediation effect (P <0·05) on the association of PASI improvement with improvement in DLQI total score and all domains except the personal relationships score. Pruritus appears to be an important mediator of the association between improvements in disease severity and HRQOL in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.
Let's Move — Childhood Obesity Prevention from Pregnancy and Infancy Onward
Authors: Janet M. Wojcicki, Melvin B. Heyman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The Let's Move campaign has potential for altering the course of the childhood obesity crisis. Janet Wojcicki and Dr. Melvin Heyman argue that to be a truly successful program, the campaign must stimulate prevention efforts targeting the youngest Americans — those under 2 years of age and preschoolers.
ELASTIN: DIMINISHED REACTIVITY WITH ALDEHYDE REAGENTS IN COPPER DEFICIENCY AND LATHYRISM
Authors: E. J. Miller, Harold M. Fullmer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Elastin fibers in the aortas of control, lathyritic, copper-supplemented, and copper-deficient chicks were examined histochemically and chemically for aldehyde content. Diminished staining for aldehydes was obtained in the fibers from the aortas of lathyritic and copper-deficient chicks. Chemical studies of elastin isolated from the aortas of control and lathyritic chicks showed an apparent loss of lysine residues in control elastin to be associated with an increase in aldehyde content providing evidence that lysine is converted to an aldehyde-containing intermediate during biosynthesis of desmosine and isodesmosine. Approximately 6 aldehyde groups were present for every 1000 amino acids in elastin isolated from the aortas of control animals, while the corresponding number in lathyritic elastin was 4. At least two types of aldehydes, saturated and α,ß-unsaturated, appear to be associated with elastin, suggesting the presence of more than one intermediate between lysine and the desmosines.
CHEMISTRY OF SALIVA IN RELATION TO HAY FEVER.
Authors: D. BRADEN KYLE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In my previous papers<sup>1</sup>I have taken up the general subject of the saliva and the importance of its chemistry in relation to disease. This paper, then, will be devoted more to observations, conclusions, laboratory technic and treatment. That many deductions can be made, both from a standpoint of diagnosis and treatment, by the examination of the salivary secretion, I think, has been proved beyond a doubt. The information thus gained is not at all limited to hay fever and allied conditions. However, in hay fever, ragweed fever, rye fever, horse fever, rose cold, lithemic rhinitis, etc., the examination of the saliva is most useful from the standpoint of etiology and treatment. The three conditions, excess of alkalinity, excess of acidity, and the neutral condition, each play an important part and each produce a different line of symptoms. The treatment under such conditions also varies greatly. This physiologic and so