tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Leboyer Approach to Childbirth
Authors: Nancy M. Nelson, Murray W. Enkin, Saroj Saigal, Kathryn J. Bennett, Ruth Milner, David L. Sackett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

To examine the effects of the Leboyer method of delivery, we randomly assigned 56 women to either a Leboyer or a conventional delivery and used a variety of clinical and behavioral measures to assess the outcome in mother and child. No differences were noted in maternal or newborn morbidity, in infant behavior in the first hour of life, at 24 or 72 hours post partum, or at eight months of age; or in maternal perceptions of her infant and the experience of giving birth, except that eight months after delivery, mothers who had used the Leboyer method were more likely to say that the event had influenced their child's behavior (P = 0.05). Women who expected a Leboyer delivery had shorter active labors (P = 0.03), suggesting that psychologic factors (expectations) influence physical outcomes in perinatal medicine. Our results suggest that the Leboyer procedure has no advantage over a gentle, conventional delivery in influencing infant and maternal outcomes. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 302:655–60.)
Charity challenges decision to refuse eye drug to 84 year old war veteran
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

An English primary care trust (PCT) that refused to fund sight saving treatment for an 84 year old war veteran agreed to reconsider its decision this week after it was threatened with legal action.

Oxfordshire Primary Care Trust said it would look again at the case of Dennis Devier, whose legal challenge is being funded by the charity the Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB).

The charity accuses the trust of operating an illegal blanket ban on providing the drugs despite its own stated policy of treating “exceptional” cases, pending full guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).

Mr Devier, from Henley, Oxfordshire, who is the main carer …
Correction: Telangiectases, Not Telangiectasias
Authors: VICTOR A. MCKUSICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1987Correction: Telangiectases, Not TelangiectasiasVICTOR A. MCKUSICK, M.D.VICTOR A. MCKUSICK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-2-336 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I tell my students thattelangiectasiais a word likepneumoniaandsurgerythat should be used in the plural only with great circumspection. All of these are processes or procedures. One should not say that the patient had four pneumonias last year (unless, perhaps, one is making the point that these were microbiologically distinct forms) or that the patient had four surgeries. The lesions to which Fallon and colleagues (1) were referring, I gather, were telangiectases....Reference1. FALLONABELLKINGSLEY TEL. Telangiectasias of the anterior chest in homosexual men. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:679-82. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, MD 21205 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1987Volume 106, Issue 2Page: 336-336KeywordsLesionsPneumoniaSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Altered myoelectric activity in the experimental blind loop syndrome.
Authors: P G Justus, A Fernandez, J L Martin, C E King, P P Toskes, J R Mathias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Nutrient malabsorption and diarrhea are characteristic of the blind loop syndrome. Alterations in motility have been implicated as a cause of bacterial overgrowth, but the possibility that altered motility may result from alterations in the flora has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to characterize the myoelectric activity of the small intestine in the blind loop rat model. Eight groups of rats were studied: rats with self-filling blind loops, which develop bacterial overgrowth; rats with self-emptying blind loops, which are surgical controls that do not develop overgrowth; unoperated litter mates; rats with self-filling blind loops and unoperated controls treated with chloramphenicol, 200 mg/d i.p.; rats with surgically removed self-filling blind loops; operated control rats; and gnotobiotic rats with self-filling blind loops. In the untreated rats with self-filling blind loops, there was altered myoelectric activity characterized by an increased percentage of slow waves occupied by action potentials and by organized activity similar to the migrating action potential complex. Migrating action potential complex activity and percentage of slow waves occupied by action potentials were significantly decreased with chloramphenicol therapy; that decrease correlated with a decrease in aerobes and anaerobes. Migrating action potential complex activity was abolished in rats with surgically removed self-filling blind loops; they also showed a significant decrease in percentage of slow waves occupied by action potentials. Gnotobiotic rats with self-filling blind loops showed no alteration in myoelectric activity. These data indicate: (a) bacterial overgrowth is associated with a significant increase in percentage of slow waves occupied by action potentials and migrating action potential complex activity; (b) chloramphenicol significantly reduced both percentage of slow waves occupied by action potentials and migrating action potential complex activity; and (c) surgical removal of the loop reduced the alterations in motor function. This study suggests that the altered myoelectric activity in this model of bacterial overgrowth was due, in part, to the abnormal bacterial flora and supports the concept that alterations in motility may contribute to the diarrhea that is characteristic of the blind loop syndrome.
Website of the week: Doctors and managers
Authors: M. Mullner
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Some aspects of medicine are a complete turn-off for some doctors. One of these is statistics and another is management. Doctors often mistake management for administrative tasks. But management is far more than mere administration, just as being a good doctor is far more than merely being a good clinician. In fact, management is an essential part of what it means to be a good doctor (www.gmc-uk.org/standards/manage.htm).

In the United Kingdom and other …
Thromboxane A2 analogue induced coronary artery vasoconstriction in the rabbit
Authors: Y. YUI, K. SAKAGUCHI, T. SUSAWA, R. HATTORI, Y. TAKATSU, N. YUI, C. KAWAI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Diffuse coronary artery vasoconstriction was provoked in the rabbit by a stable thromboxane A2 analogue, STA2 (9, 11-epithio-11,12-methano thromboxane A2). Injection of 25 μg·kg−1 STA2 into the left main trunk caused complete occlusion of the left anterior descending artery and narrowing of the left circumflex artery. Two minutes after injection, however, the diameter of the coronary artery returned to the control value (n=10). The right coronary artery was also temporarily occluded by an injection of 25 μg·kg−1 STA2. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure increased significantly, and ST segment elevation of the electrocardiogram occurred during vasoconstriction. The angiographic findings showed that the vasoconstriction in the coronary artery induced by STA2 was similar to the diffuse vasoconstriction seen clinically. Induction of the vasoconstriction by STA2 was prevented by the preadministration of 25 μg·kg−1 of either a calcium antagonist, diltiazem, or a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, ONO 3708 (n=10). The relation of the calcium movement to this vasoconstriction was studied in vitro using the isolated left circumflex artery in the rabbit. STA2 (50 μg·litre−1 to 0.5 mg·litre−1) produced a concentration dependent contraction of helical strips of left circumflex artery. Diltiazem (50-100 g·litre−1) suppressed this contraction dose dependently. ONO 3708 (10 μg·litre−1 to 1 mg·litre−1) caused a significant rightward and downward shift of the dose-response curve. A lowering of the concentration of calcium in the incubation medium from 2.54 mmol·litre−1 to 0.01 mmol·litre−1 caused a significant reduction in the STA2 (0.5 mg·litre−1) induced contraction. STA2 (100 μg·litre−1) did not induce a contraction in the absence of external calcium, but the addition of calcium to the incubation medium caused an abrupt contraction. Furthermore, serotonin antagonist, alpha blocker, and angiotensin II analogue had no influence on the STA2 induced contraction. Thus it was concluded that this vasoconstriction was provoked by the increased transmembrane calcium influx induced by STA2.
Learning to Care for People With Chronic Illness Facing the End of Life
Authors: Joanne Lynn
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of alternate-day prednisone therapy on respiratory function in myasthenia gravis.
Authors: H H Newball, S A Brahim
Journal: Thorax (1976)

To determine the effects of alternate-day prednisone therapy on respiratory function in myasthenia gravis, eight patients were evaluated during "days on" and "days off" prednisone. The patients were treated with long-term (up to three years), high-single-dose, alternate-day oral prednisone. After patients had been controlled with alternate-day prednisone they had no episodes of acute respiratory insufficiency or myasthenic crises. Although a small reduction in respiratory function during the day off prednisone was seen in some patients, the change was not statistically significant for the group and was probably physiologically unimportant in most patients. The data indicate that in myasthenic patients who have no underlying lung disease respiratory function is not significantly compromised by administering the prednisone on alternate days.
Which factors predict incident pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients? A prospective cohort study
Authors: T. Petzold, M. Eberlein-Gonska, J. Schmitt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

The prevention of pressure ulcers (PU) is an important public health issue owing to their substantial clinical and economic burden.To investigate predictors of incident PU in hospitalized patients and the performance of the Braden Scale in intensive care units (ICU) and normal care units (NCU).We conducted a prospective cohort study including all inpatients treated at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Germany, between 2007 and 2011. Documentation comprised patient characteristics, Braden Scale and clinical signs of PU. The primary outcome was incident PU during inpatient treatment. Predictors of PU were explored by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. To evaluate the performance of the Braden Scale a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was applied.The overall incidence of PU during inpatient treatment was 0·78%. A higher rate of PU was observed at ICU vs. NCU (4·77% vs. 0·59%). Multivariate analysis identified age [odds ratio (OR) 1·04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·035-1·041 per year], female sex (OR 1·11, 95% CI 1·01-1·22), length of stay (OR 17·79, 95% CI 15·46-20·48 for 30 or more days vs. < 10 days) and admission from care facility compared with admission from home (OR 3·14, 95% CI 2·63-3·75) as significant predictors of incident PU. The area under the ROC curve was 84·89% at NCU and 69·0% at ICU.The identified predictors for incident PU may inform targeted, evidence-driven preventive measures to decrease the burden of PU.
Malaria Therapy: The Value of the Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Henry J. Heimlich
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Austin et al<sup>1</sup>claim that because RCTs were never carried out, no one knows whether malariotherapy is efficacious in the treatment of neurosyphilis. Since 1918, however, hundreds of articles document that malariotherapy is an effective treatment for neurosyphilis. Wagner-Jauregg won the Nobel Prize for discovering malariotherapy. Austin et al<sup>1</sup>do not cite "The Malariatherapy of Neurosyphilis,"<sup>2</sup>a 1984 Harvard School of Public Health review, supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US Public Health Service (USPHS). The author, Chernin, states: "(i) on average, malariatherapy was less expensive and produced clinical improvement more frequently and more rapidly than did the best drug treatment. (ii) the contraindications to malariatherapy, and there were some, must have been carefully observed because records of treatment-related deaths or debility are few relative to the thousands of patients treated.... It is hard to imagine the almost certain fate
State Medicaid Eligibility and Care Delayed Because of Cost
Authors: Cheryl R. Clark, Mark J. Ommerborn, Brent A. Coull, Do Quyen Pham, Jennifer Haas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

This study showed wide geographic variation in how often people delayed care because of cost, with prevalence across U.S. counties ranging from 6.5% to 40.6%. Delaying care because of cost was more...
Subtle Changes to Polymer Structure and Degradation Mechanism Enable Highly Effective Nanoparticles for siRNA and DNA Delivery to Human Brain Cancer (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 3/2013)
Authors: Stephany Y. Tzeng, Jordan J. Green
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Polymeric nanoparticles are engineered to deliver siRNA and DNA to human brain cancer cells, as reported by Jordan J. Green and Stephany Y. Tzeng on page 468.Changes to polymer structure, such as to molecular weight, hydrophobicity, polymer endgroup, and degradable linkages, tune delivery in a manner that is often dependent on the type of nucleic acid cargo being delivered.Hydrolytically degradable polymers effectively deliver DNA whereas bioreducible degrading polymers effectively deliver siRNA.
Enzyme‐Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Efficient Antibacterial Agents In Vivo
Authors: Li‐li Li, Hao Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Despite the fact that pathogenic infections are widely treated by antibiotics in the clinic nowadays, the increasing risk of multidrug-resistance associated with abuse of antibiotics is becoming a major concern in global public health. The increased death toll caused by pathogenic bacterial infection calls for effective antibiotic alternatives. Lysozyme-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs⊂Lys) are reported as antibacterial agents that exhibit efficient antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo with low cytotoxicity and negligible hemolytic side effect. The Lys corona provides multivalent interaction between MSNs⊂Lys and bacterial walls and consequently raises the local concentration of Lys on the surface of cell walls, which promotes hydrolysis of peptidoglycans and increases membrane-perturbation abilities. The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of MSNs⊂Lys is fivefold lower than that of free Lys in vitro. The antibacterial efficacy of MSNs⊂Lys is evaluated in vivo by using an intestine-infected mouse model. Experimental results indicate that the number of bacteria surviving in the colon is three orders of magnitude lower than in the untreated group. These natural antibacterial enzyme-modified nanoparticles open up a new avenue for design and synthesis of next-generation antibacterial agents as alternatives to antibiotics.
Identification of a low–molecular weight TrkB antagonist with anxiolytic and antidepressant activity in mice
Authors: Maxime Cazorla, Joël Prémont, Andre Mann, Nicolas Girard, Christoph Kellendonk, Didier Rognan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) have emerged as key mediators in the pathophysiology of several mood disorders, including anxiety and depression. However, therapeutic compounds that interact with TrkB receptors have been difficult to develop. Using a combination of structure-based in silico screening and high-capacity functional assays in recombinant and neuronal cells, we identified a low-molecular weight TrkB ligand (ANA-12) that prevented activation of the receptor by BDNF with a high potency. ANA-12 showed direct and selective binding to TrkB and inhibited processes downstream of TrkB without altering TrkA and TrkC functions. KIRA-ELISA analysis demonstrated that systemic administration of ANA-12 to adult mice decreased TrkB activity in the brain without affecting neuronal survival. Mice administered ANA-12 demonstrated reduced anxiety- and depression-related behaviors on a variety of tests predictive of anxiolytic and antidepressant properties in humans. This study demonstrates that structure-based virtual screening strategy can be an efficient method for discovering potent TrkB-selective ligands that are active in vivo. We further propose that ANA-12 may be a valuable tool for studying BDNF/TrkB signaling and may constitute a lead compound for developing the next generation of therapeutic agents for the treatment of mood disorders.
Participation of Lysosomes in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Harvey Wolinsky, Stanley Fowler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

A PROMINENT feature of atherosclerotic plaques is the presence of lipid. This lipid, mainly cholesterol and its esters, is observed intracellularly in early lesions, but extracellular deposition is increasingly evident as the plaque develops.1 Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that specific circulating lipoproteins are associated with susceptibility to, or protection from, cardiovascular disease.2 , 3 Biochemical studies have explored the chemical and physical nature of the lipoproteins, their sites of synthesis and, perhaps most important, the steps that occur in the intravascular compartment and result in conversion of very-low-density lipoproteins, which are rich in triglyceride, to low-density lipoproteins, which are rich in esterified . . .
Improved detection of hepatitis c virus antibodies in high-risk populations
Authors: John G. McHutchison, John L. Person, Sugantha Govindarajan, Boontar Valinluck, Tessie Gore, Steven R. Lee, Mitchell Nelles, Alan Polito, David Chien, Robert DiNello, Stella Quan, George Kuo, Allan G. Redeker
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Sera from 483 patients at high (group 1, n = 313) and lower (group 2, n = 170) risk for exposure to hepatitis C were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C using first-generation (c100-3) and second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay. The second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nitrocellulose-based immunoblot assay differ from c100-3-based systems in the addition of expression products from the NS3/NS4 (c33c, c200) and putative nucleocapsid (c22-3) region of the hepatitis C genome. In group 1, the sensitivity of detection of hepatitis C antibodies was 45%, 55% and 46% by the first- and second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and recombinant immunoblot assay, respectively. In group 2, antibodies were detected by each test system in 26%, 32% and 7% of patients, respectively. Most sera (99%) reactive with the first-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were reactive with the second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (in group 1, 89% of these specimens demonstrated reactivity to at least one antigen with the immunoblot assay, compared with only 31% in group 2). An additional 12% (group 1) and 6% (group 2) of specimens demonstrated reactivity with the second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay only (of these, 75% [group 1] and 9% [group 2] demonstrated reactivity to at least one antigen with the immunoblot assay). Ninety-eight percent of specimens not reactive with both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test systems were also nonreactive by recombinant immunoblot assay. Antibodies to c22-3 and c33c were more frequently detected in chronic hepatitis C virus infection and appeared earlier in acute hepatitis C virus infection, compared with 5-1-1 and c100-3. These results indicate that the addition of structural and nonstructural hepatitis C virus antigens in the second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay improves the sensitivity of detection of hepatitis C antibodies. (Hepatology 1992;15:19-25).
Metabolic Pattern of Glomic Tumor by F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Luisa de Marco, Marcelo Mamede
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A 52-year-old female patient was diagnosed with multiple soft tissue density lung nodules on CT scan during a preoperative evaluation for breast cancer. PET/CT study revealed intense F-18 FDG uptake in those nodules (most metabolic with SUVlbm = 6.1). Biopsy was done and histopathology result reported glomic tumor. The immunohistochemistry revealed positive staining for vimentin and smooth-muscle actin, as well as a moderated proliferation (Ki-67, between 5% and 10%). Primary lung glomic tumor demonstrates high uptake on F-18 FDG PET imaging.
Serum levels of sCD23 and sCD25 in children with asthma and in healthy controls*
Authors: P. H. Hoeger, B. Niggemann, R. Ganschow, C. Dammann, G. Haeuser
Journal: Allergy (1994)

To investigate whether markers of lymphocyte activation are useful markers of disease activity in childhood asthma, we studied serum levels of soluble CD25 (receptor for IL-2) and soluble CD23 (low-affinity receptor for IgE) in 178 children (aged 2-18 years) suffering from mild to moderate asthma (mean asthma severity score: 2, range: 1-4), and in 175 healthy age-matched controls. Levels of sCD23 and sCD25 were inversely related to age. sCD23 was lower in patients with asthma (means per age group: 4.93-2.29 micrograms/l; controls: 6.92-4.11 micrograms/l, P < 0.05), while sCD25 tended to be higher (1601-597 kU/ml, controls: 1350-661 kU/ml, P = NS). sCD25 correlated significantly with asthma severity score (r = 0.41; P < 0.01) and MEF25 (maximum expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity, r = -0.43; P < 0.05) in children < 10 years, while sCD23 correlated with asthma severity (r = 0.28; P < 0.05) in children > 10 years. On follow-up, levels of sCD25 normalized with clinical improvement. In children with nonatopic asthma, levels of sCD25 were significantly higher than in atopic patients. Our observations provide further evidence of the role of T-cell activation in asthma. Monitoring of lymphocyte activation markers, particularly levels of sCD25, may be useful in the follow-up of asthmatic children.