tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Testosterone for Low Libido in Postmenopausal Women Not Taking Estrogen
Authors: Susan R. Davis, Michele Moreau, Robin Kroll, Céline Bouchard, Nick Panay, Margery Gass, Glenn D. Braunstein, Angelica Linden Hirschberg, Cynthia Rodenberg, Simon Pack, Helga Koch, Alain Moufarege, John Studd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The efficacy and safety of testosterone treatment for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women not receiving estrogen therapy are unknown.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection in north-east England.
Authors: D G Sims, M A Downham, J McQuillin, P S Gardner
Journal: BMJ (1976)

During a period covering four winter epidemics 987 respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infections were identified in the children's wards that served a total population of about 875 000 in north-east England. The incidence of admission to hospital with RS virus infection tended to be twice as high among children in Tyneside as that among children from the rest of the catchment area. The risk of hospital admission with RS virus infection in the first year of life for city children was about 1 in 50. The risk tended to be increased when there was a high proportion of children in the population, overcrowded housing, and unemployment. There was no clear relation between climatic changes and the onset or progress of epidemics. Thirteen deaths associated with RS virus infection were identified, four of them sudden and unexpected at home, and nine of them in children with congenital or acquired abnormalities. Twelve children were admitted twice with distinct RS virus infections; the relative severity of their two illnesses depended on age. Hospital cross-infection accounted for 60 of the 987 illnesses. Large families and overcrowding among poorer families seem to lead to a higher incidence of RS virus infection, and measures to reduce overcrowding and improve housing should help to reduce the spread of infection. Breast-feeding also protects infants from infection, but further information is needed to pinpoint the infants at greater risk and how they may best be protected.
Impaired Lymph-Node Homing of Dendritic Cells (DC) in Allergen-Challenged Surfactant Protein D Deficient (SP-D-/-) Mice is Associated with Lack of Ccr7 and Reduced Expression of Signal Regulatory Protein-Alpha (Sirp-α)
Authors: L.R. Forbes, C. Koziol-White, B. Ducka, M. Fehrenbach, A. Haczku
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
A genomic variation map provides insights into the genetic basis of cucumber domestication and diversity
Authors: Jianjian Qi, Xin Liu, Di Shen, Han Miao, Bingyan Xie, Xixiang Li, Peng Zeng, Shenhao Wang, Yi Shang, Xingfang Gu, Yongchen Du, Ying Li, Tao Lin, Jinhong Yuan, Xueyong Yang, Jinfeng Chen, Huiming Chen, Xingyao Xiong, Ke Huang, Zhangjun Fei, Linyong Mao, Li Tian, Thomas Städler, Susanne S Renner, Sophien Kamoun, William J Lucas, Zhonghua Zhang, Sanwen Huang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Aspirin use and potential mechanisms for colorectal cancer prevention.
Authors: C S Williams, W Smalley, R N DuBois
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Disease prevention is receiving more attention in the United States today. This welcome trend is largely a result of two economic forces: The increased level of support for prevention research by the National Institutes of Health (Healthy People 2000), and the potential payoff of prevention research in cutting the health care costs of managing patients with end-stage diseases. Indeed, the efficacy of preventive measures for many chronic diseases (such as heart disease and cancer) are being evaluated with the full expectation that mortality and morbidity—and perhaps health care costs—will decrease. One example of recent cancer prevention research indicates that there may be a 40–50% reduction in mortality from colorectal cancer in persons who take aspirin or other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 1 on a regular basis. It is clear that an effect of this magnitude would have a significant impact on both the number of lives saved and on the health care dollars recovered. Colorectal cancer is a major cause of death in Western civilizations, claiming about 55,000 lives in the United States this year alone. Americans have a 1 in 20 lifetime risk of developing this disease, and z 1 in 10 have a family member who develops colorectal cancer. Initially, it was hoped that early detection would reduce these high numbers. However, despite recent evidence that early detection by fecal occult blood tests and flexible sigmoidoscopy can decrease the risk of colorectal cancer death by 20–30%, most people do not undergo appropriate screening. Therefore, a number of laboratories have initiated research efforts focused on understanding the molecular basis of the potential chemoprotective effects resulting from aspirin and other NSAID use. It is hoped that this approach, in conjunction with more rigorous clinical trials, will lead to a rationale design for future colorectal cancer prevention regimens. This Perspectives article considers both the clinical and the basic research efforts underway this year, the 100th anniversary of the discovery of aspirin.
Tc-99m HMPAO Labeled Leukocytes Superior to Bone Scan in the Detection of Osteomyelitis in Children
Authors: T LANTTO, J -P KAUKONEN, A KOKKOLA, R LAITINEN, M VORNE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Seven children (aged 7 to 16 years) with confirmed osteomyelitis underwent imaging with Tc-99m HMPAO labeled leukocytes and with Tc-99m diphosphonates. The patients were scanned at ½ hour and at 3 hours. The scans were evaluated visually, and the lesion-to-normal bone ratios were quantitated. All the lesions on leukocyte scans and six out of seven lesions in bone scans were readily detectable ½ hour after injection of the radiopharmaceutical, but 3 hours is the better imaging time. In quantitative analysis, the lesion-to-normal bone ratio increased with leukocytes significantly higher than with the bone scans (P < 0.05). When the scintigraphic findings were compared with surgical and radiologic results, the leukocyte images detected and localized lesions better than the bone scans. According to these preliminary results, Tc-99m HMPAO labeled leukocytes seem to offer a rapid and accurate method for detecting bone infections.
A Fourier technique for simultaneous electrocardiographic surface mapping
Authors: D. M. MONRO, R. A. L. GUARDO, P. J. BOURDILLON, J. TINKER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

A method for the preparation of isopotential maps derived from thoracic surface electrocardiograms is described. Electrodes incorporating amplifiers are arranged in three rows of eight around the thorax, and are sampled simultaneously. The subsequent digital processing of the signals uses Fourier transforms to determine the potentials at the thoracic sites between the electrodes. The maps are automatically plotted at 2-msec intervals throughout the cardiac style.
Mechanical Ventricular Assistance in Man
Authors: ARTHUR E. BAUE, EUGENE T. TRAGUS, GEORGE L. ANSTADT, WILLIAM S. BLAKEMORE
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Mechanical cardiac massage by a pneumatic device which fits over the ventricles of the heart was studied in six patients with cardiac arrest who failed to respond to conventional means of resuscitation. Adequate arterial blood pressure, full peripheral pulses, respiratory efforts, small reactive pupils, reasonable cardiac output, and a low venous pressure were obtained for as long as four hours. In a 48-year-old patient ventricular fibrillation did not respond to external or internal massage and defibrillation in 35 minutes, and there was no ECG activity. With this instrument the circulation was supported for an hour (blood pressure 135/50). Defibrillation was then possible, and the patient survived for six days, dying of her primary disease process, which was unrelated to the heart. These studies are being continued and indicate that this approach may be helpful for cardiac resuscitation, for prolonged circulatory support, and for maintaining the circulation in potential donors for organ transplantation.
Changes in Ambulance Calls After Implementation of a Smoke-Free Law and Its Extension to Casinos
Authors: Stanton A. Glantz, Erin Gibbs
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Casinos are often exempted from legislation mandating smoke-free environments, potentially putting employees and patrons at risk for adverse events triggered by secondhand smoke exposure.We used an interrupted time series analysis of ambulance calls not originating and originating from casinos in Gilpin County, Colorado, a rural Colorado county with a large casino presence, from January 2000 through December 2012 to determine whether there was a change in ambulance calls originating from casinos when a state smoke-free law was extended to include them. Initial implementation of the smoke-free law (which exempted casinos) was followed by a significant 22.8% drop in ambulance calls (incidence rate ratio, 0.772; 95% confidence interval, 0.685-0.871; P<0.001) from locations other than casinos but no significant change in calls from casinos (P>0.9). The law requiring smoke-free casinos taking effect was followed by a 19.1% (incidence rate ratio, 0.809; 95% confidence interval, 0.724-0.905; P<0.001) drop in ambulance calls from casinos but no change in calls originating outside casinos (P>0.1).The observation that ambulance calls not coming from casinos dropped when the smoke-free law was initially implemented (excluding casinos) with no change in calls from casinos, followed by a comparable drop in calls originating from casinos (but not calls from elsewhere) when the law was extended to casinos, suggests that the important effects of secondhand smoke exposure occur acutely. These results also suggest that exempting casinos from smoke-free laws means that more people will suffer medical emergencies.
Hormone Secretion in Klinefelter's Syndrome
Authors: Eugene J. Segre
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> H. C. Miller and D. F. McDonald, in their article on Klinefelter's syndrome in the Oct 19 issue ofThe Journal(<b>186</b>:215, 1963), perpetuate a common misconception when they state "Hormonal assay reveals normal 17-keto steroid excretion in these patients, implying the normal production of androgenic hcrmones." The urinary 17-ketosteroids consist of a group of metabolic end-products which arise from a variety of hormones of adrenal and ovarian or testicular origin. The precursor hormones are of widely differing physiological importance. Testosterone, by far the most potent known androgen, is secreted in amounts too small to cause much change in the urinary 17-ketosteroid values. In fact, although the testis is the major source of testosterone, urinary 17-ketosteroids are not greatly different in normal and castrated males. To define the status of androgen production in the Klinefelter's patient, what is needed is systematic utilization of currently available methods
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and CTL epitope escape mutation in HBsAg, anti-HBe positive individuals
Authors: S I Khakoo
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND/AIMS</h3> Clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is characterised by a strong cytotoxic T cell response. Persistence of HBV in chronic hepatitis B carriers may be related to failure of this response. The aim of this study was to determine whether HLA class I restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses persist in anti-hepatitis B e (HBe) positive / HBV DNA negative individuals, and to correlate the presence of viral CTL epitope mutation with clinical outcome. <h3>METHODS</h3> An HLA/HBV dual transfectant model was used to demonstrate these CTL responses in individuals chronically infected with HBV. Subsequently, a known hepatitis B core (HBc) CTL epitope was sequenced in a family of five chronically infected individuals all sharing a HLA allele (HLA-A68.1). <h3>RESULTS</h3> Low level HLA class I restricted cytotoxic T cell responses were detected in the peripheral blood of five of eight anti-HBe positive individuals. In the family of HLA-A68.1 positive chronically infected individuals, mutation of the HLA-A68.1 restricted hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) CTL epitope STLPETTVVRR was found in all four anti-HBe positive individuals but not in the sole hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive patient. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> These data are consistent with a continued immune selection pressure on HBV in anti-HBe positive chronically infected individuals with low replicating HBV infection and suggest that mutation of a CTL epitope may be a consequence of the immune response, as opposed to the cause of viral persistence.
Acute Effects of Intraperitoneal Versus Subcutaneous Insulin Delivery on Glucose Homeostasis in Patients With NIDDM
Authors: David E Kelley, Robert R Henry, Steven V Edelman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to compare the effect of intraperitoneal versus subcutaneous insulin injection on hepatic glucose production (HGP) and systemic glucose utilization (Rd) in patients with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eight male volunteers with NIDDM, each of whom had a programmable-rate, implantable insulin pump, were given an injection of insulin (0.15 units/kg body wt) by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection on separate days in randomized order. Plasma glucose was kept constant for 5 h using the glucose clamp technique, and HGP and Rd were measured using isotope dilution. RESULTS Intraperitoneal insulin injection resulted in higher and earlier peak systemic insulin concentrations (1,469 ± 245 vs. 454 ± 48 pmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Glucose Rd doubled within 1 h after intraperitoneal injection and was greater than that attained with subcutaneous injection (3.91 ± 0.27 vs. 2.60 ± 0.19 mg · kg−1 · min−1, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections suppressed HGP and plasma free fatty acid to a similar extent during the first 3 h, effects that persisted through 5 h after subcutaneous insulin injection but waned 3–4 h after intraperitoneal injection. CONCLUSIONS In patients with NIDDM, intraperitoneal insulin injection achieves more rapid and greater peak values for stimulation of glucose Rd than subcutaneous insulin injection. With regard to HGP and lipolysis, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections achieve similar initial suppression but this is maintained for a more limited duration with intraperitoneal as compared with subcutaneous injection. These differences in insulin action seem directly related to the rapidity of insulin absorption with intraperitoneal injection.
FURTHER REPORT ON THE TUBERCULIN TREATMENT OF ASTHMA
Authors: J. Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (1932)

TUBERCULIN TREATMENT OF ASTHMA rMTHEBRJITIS3. There is a tendency for a larger proportion of girls than boys to be above the normal.4. There is a larger percentage of dull children among manual workers' children and of advanced pupils among sedentary workers' children.5. There is a steady decline in nutrition, as judged by height and weight, from clever children to very dull children.6.The majority of very dull children come from houses with only one or two apartments.7. The majority of dull children, and, especially of backward girls, come from houses with more than two persons per apartment.8. As a rule, children of good mental capacity are cleanly, while children of poor mental capacity are dirty and ill cared for.9.The height and weight of children employed out of school hours and their hours of sleep per 'night are less than in the case of school children of similar age not so employed.10. Defects in vision, speech, and hearing and organic cardiac defects cause retardation.11. Minor defects do not cause retardation.12. Intelligence and mental capacity figures can be substituted one for the other in the case of regular attenders.I must express sincere thanks to Dr. Adam, medical officer of health for the County of Stirling, for the facilities he has given me in this investigation, and to his assistants, my colleagues, Dr. Rutherford and Dr. Learmonth, for their help in carrying through the mental tests in many of the children.
THE NATURE OF THE VIRUS RECEPTORS OF RED CELLS
Authors: George K. Hirst
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

A substance (VHI) exists in human plasma which inhibits the agglutination of red cells by influenza virus and is distinct from influenza antibody. When plasma is fractionated by alcohol in the cold the VHI comes out mainly with a mixture of lipid-free alpha and beta globulins (fraction IV-4). On further fractionation the activity comes out with a fraction consisting mainly of beta(1) globulin (fraction IV-7). Boiling fraction IV-4 or IV-7 after considerable dilution brings about a large increase in the amount of VHI, much more than can be detected in the original plasma. A similar VHI has been extracted from the ghosts of fowl red cells.
Tpx2 Controls Spindle Integrity, Genome Stability, and Tumor Development
Authors: Cristina Aguirre-Portolés, Alexander W. Bird, Anthony Hyman, Marta Cañamero, Ignacio Pérez de Castro, Marcos Malumbres
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Tpx2 is a microtubule-associated protein that activates the cell-cycle kinase Aurora A and regulates the mitotic spindle. Overexpression of Tpx2 is associated with the development of different human tumors and strongly correlates with chromosomal instability. By analyzing a conditional null mutation in the mouse Tpx2 gene, we show here that Tpx2 expression is essential for spindle function and chromosome segregation in the mouse embryo. Conditional genetic ablation of Tpx2 in primary cultures resulted in deficient microtubule nucleation from DNA and aberrant spindles during prometaphase. These cells eventually exited from mitosis without chromosome segregation. In addition, Tpx2 haploinsufficiency led to the accumulation of aneuploidies in vivo and increased susceptibility to spontaneous lymphomas and lung tumors. Together, our findings indicate that Tpx2 is essential for maintaining genomic stability through its role in spindle regulation. Subtle changes in Tpx2 expression may favor tumor development in vivo.
Management of Haemophilia
Authors: P. Barkhan
Journal: BMJ (1964)

An infusion with Ornipressin (8-ornithin vasopressin) in a patient with decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis increased urinary volume from 30 ml/h to 500 ml/h, creatinine clearance from 24 to 65 ml/min, and fractional sodium excretion from 0.86% to 11.1%. Free water clearance decreased from -10.2 ml/h to -26.2 ml/h and noradrenaline plasma concentrations dropped from 2.04 to 1.37 ng/ml. After stopping Ornipressin infusion all values returned to initial concentrations. Possible effects are an increase of renal blood flow secondary to an increase in arterial blood pressure, possibly potentiated by the vasodilatory effect of the fall in noradrenaline and/or angiotensin concentration.
Psychostimulants and Cognition: A Continuum of Behavioral and Cognitive Activation
Authors: Suzanne Wood, Jennifer R. Sage, Tristan Shuman, Stephan G. Anagnostaras
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2013)

Psychostimulants such as cocaine have been used as performance enhancers throughout recorded history. Although psychostimulants are commonly prescribed to improve attention and cognition, a great deal of literature has described their ability to induce cognitive deficits, as well as addiction. How can a single drug class be known to produce both cognitive enhancement and impairment? Properties of the particular stimulant drug itself and individual differences between users have both been suggested to dictate the outcome of stimulant use. A more parsimonious alternative, which we endorse, is that dose is the critical determining factor in cognitive effects of stimulant drugs. Herein, we review several popular stimulants (cocaine, amphetamine, methylphenidate, modafinil, and caffeine), outlining their history of use, mechanism of action, and use and abuse today. One common graphic depiction of the cognitive effects of psychostimulants is an inverted U–shaped dose-effect curve. Moderate arousal is beneficial to cognition, whereas too much activation leads to cognitive impairment. In parallel to this schematic, we propose a continuum of psychostimulant activation that covers the transition from one drug effect to another as stimulant intake is increased. Low doses of stimulants effect increased arousal, attention, and cognitive enhancement; moderate doses can lead to feelings of euphoria and power, as well as addiction and cognitive impairment; and very high doses lead to psychosis and circulatory collapse. This continuum helps account for the seemingly disparate effects of stimulant drugs, with the same drug being associated with cognitive enhancement and impairment.
1003-1 Serial Assessment of Doppler Hemodynamic Profiles in Fifty Clinically and Echocardiographically Normal Tricuspid Valve Prostheses
Authors: Heidi M. Connolly, Sara L. Osborn, Douglas W. Mahoney, Kent R. Bailey, A. Jamil Tajik, Fletcher A. Miller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Three cases of xanthogranulomatous epididymitis caused by E. coli
Authors: Taek Won Kang, Kyung Hwa Lee, Cheng Zhe Piao, Ki Jung Yun, Hee Jae Joo, Kwang Sung Park, Yoo Duk Choi, Sang Woo Juhng, Chan Choi
Journal: Journal of Infection (2006)
Lupus Meningitis
Authors: EMMET B. KEEFFE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presented with meningitis. All attempts to isolate a microorganism were unsuccessful. Hypocomplementemia, associated with antibodies to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and DNA:anti-DNA complexes, was found in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. We found a striking correlation among the presence of these complexes, activity of disease, and symptomatic improvement from corticosteroids. These findings suggest that lupus meningitis is a distinct, immunologically mediated clinical entity.
Combining DNA-microarray data in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cornelis L Verweij, Saskia Vosslamber
Journal: Genome Medicine (2011)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic, heterogeneous autoimmune disease. Understanding of its molecular complexity is incomplete and there is a need to identify new therapeutic targets and to optimize criteria for its diagnosis, assessment and prognosis. Recently, Arasappan and colleagues have described a new meta-analysis method that enables data analysis across different DNA-microarray datasets to identify genes and processes relevant to systemic lupus erythematosus. Their study provides a simple and valuable meta-analysis method for the selection of biomarkers and pathways in disease. See related research by Arasappan et al.: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/9/65