tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of chronic bronchitis in a rural community of the Hill Region of Nepal.
Authors: M R Pandey
Journal: Thorax (1984)

A house to house survey of everyone aged 20 years and above living in a rural community in the Hill Region of Nepal, situated about 16 km outside Kathmandu city, was conducted to determine the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and cor pulmonale. Of the total eligible population, 2826 (95.5%) were interviewed. Chronic bronchitis was diagnosed according to the British Medical Research Council criteria, and emphysema and cor pulmonale according to the World Health Organisation expert committee criteria. The crude prevalence of chronic bronchitis was found to be 18.3%. The prevalence rate of chronic bronchitis was similar in men and women, whereas in most parts of the world much lower rates have been recorded in women. Study of a random sample of 85 individuals with chronic bronchitis showed that 57.4% had evidence of airways obstruction, whereas 15.8% of a representative sample (n = 111) of the surveyed population (excluding those with chronic bronchitis) showed evidence of airway obstruction. Of 516 subjects diagnosed as having chronic bronchitis, 382 were subsequently investigated in hospital, 134 having declined further investigation. The diagnosis was confirmed in most of the patients (93.2%) who were investigated. Other diseases played an insignificant part in the production of the observed high prevalence rates of chronic bronchitis. Of the 382 patients studied in hospital, 87 had emphysema and 42 had cor pulmonale, yielding overall prevalence rates for these two conditions of at least 3.1% and at least 1.5% respectively.
Angiotensin II inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase in tubular MCT cells by a posttranscriptional mechanism.
Authors: G Wolf, F N Ziyadeh, R Schroeder, R A Stahl
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and generation of nitric oxide (NO) have been recently described, in addition to mesangial and medullary thick ascending limb cells, in proximal tubular cells, including MCT, a mouse proximal tubular epithelium cell line. Because vasoconstrictors may interfere with the induction of iNOS and the subsequent generation of NO, in the study presented here, whether exogenous angiotensin II (ANG II) influences bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/gamma-interferon (gamma-IF)-stimulated NO synthesis and iNOS protein and mRNA expression in MCT cells was tested. LPS/gamma-IF readily stimulated nitrite synthesis in MCT cells, as one measured parameter of NO synthesis. Coincubation of cells with 10(-9)-10(-6) M ANG II attenuated this LPS/gamma-IF-stimulated induction of nitrite. This effect was reversed by the AT1-receptor blocker losartan, but not by an AT2-receptor antagonist, indicating signal transduction through AT1-receptors. Western blot analysis applying a specific monoclonal antibody generated against mouse iNOS revealed that 10(-8)-10(-6) M ANG II significantly reduced LPS/gamma-IF-induced iNOS protein expression. However, ANG II had no effect on LPS/gamma-IF-induced iNOS mRNA as assessed by Northern blots. Moreover, transient transfection studies using a chimeric gene construct, in which iNOS regulatory elements are linked to the CAT reporter gene, showed no effect of ANG II on the LPS/gamma-IF-stimulated transcriptional activity. The study presented here demonstrates that ANG II influences LPS/gamma-IF-stimulated NO generation in MCT cells, most likely at a posttranscriptional level, by influencing iNOS protein expression. Whether proximal tubular cells in vivo express iNOS remains to be established, but this study suggests a mechanism for how iNOS activity is influenced by ANG II in cultured proximal tubular cells.
Appropriateness of colonoscopy in Europe (EPAGE II) – Screening for colorectal cancer
Authors: C. Arditi, I. Peytremann-Bridevaux, B. Burnand, V. Eckardt, P. Bytzer, L. Agréus, R. Dubois, J.-P. Vader, F. Froehlich, V. Pittet, S. Schusselé Filliettaz, P. Juillerat, J.-J. Gonvers
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Commentaire de "Retour vers le futur: EPAGE II" (6 articles), pp. 200Endoscopy 2009; 41(03): 388-390DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306673
The Effect of a Diabetes-Specific Cognitive Behavioral Treatment Program (DIAMOS) for Patients With Diabetes and Subclinical Depression: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Norbert Hermanns, Andreas Schmitt, Annika Gahr, Christian Herder, Bettina Nowotny, Michael Roden, Christian Ohmann, Johannes Kruse, Thomas Haak, Bernhard Kulzer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Subclinical depression is one of the most frequent mental comorbidities in patients with diabetes and is associated with a poorer long-term prognosis. Since there is a lack of specific intervention concepts for this patient group, a self-management–oriented group program (DIAMOS [Diabetes Motivation Strengthening]) was newly developed and evaluated in a randomized trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS DIAMOS is composed of cognitive behavioral interventions aiming at the reduction of diabetes distress. The active control group (CG) received diabetes education. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms. Secondary outcomes were diabetes distress, well-being, self-care behavior, diabetes acceptance, diabetes treatment satisfaction, HbA1c, and subclinical inflammation. RESULTS Two hundred fourteen participants (mean age 43.3 ± 13.3 years, female sex 56.5%, type 2 diabetes 34.1%, mean diabetes duration 14.2 ± 10.5 years, HbA1c 8.9 ± 1.8%, BMI 28.7 ± 71 kg/m2) were randomized. The 12-month follow-up revealed a significantly stronger reduction of depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score) in the DIAMOS group compared with the CG (Δ3.9 [95% CI 0.6–7.3], P = 0.021). Of the secondary variables, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Δ1.7 [95% CI 0.2–3.2], P = 0.023), Problem Areas in Diabetes scale (Δ8.2 [95% CI 3.1–13.3], P = 0.002), and Diabetes Distress Scale scores (Δ0.3 [95% CI 0.1–0.5], P = 0.012) displayed significant treatment effects. Moreover, the risk of incident major depression in the DIAMOS group was significantly reduced (odds ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.42–0.96], P = 0.028). Inflammatory variables were not substantially affected. CONCLUSIONS DIAMOS is more effective in lowering depressive symptoms and diabetes-related distress in diabetic patients with subclinical depression. DIAMOS also has a preventive effect with respect to the incidence of major depression.
Constitutive neutrophil apoptosis: Mechanisms and regulation
Authors: Hongbo R. Luo, Fabien Loison
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Neutrophil constitutive death is a critical cellular process for modulating neutrophil number and function, and it plays an essential role in neutrophil homeostasis and the resolution of inflammation. Neutrophils die due to programmed cell death or apoptosis. In this article, we review recent studies on the mechanism of neutrophil apoptosis. The involvement of caspase, calpain, reactive oxygen species, cellular survival/death signaling pathways, mitochondria, and BCL-2 family member proteins are discussed. The fate of neutrophils can be influenced within the inflammatory microenvironment. We summarize the current understanding regarding the modulation of neutrophil apoptotic death by various extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion, phagocytosis, red blood cells, and platelets. The involvement of neutrophil apoptosis in infectious and inflammatory diseases is also addressed.
Unrecognized Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Allergic Sensitization Among Latino Youth (GALA II Study)
Authors: Ulysses Burley, Joy Hsu, Duanny Alva, Elizabeth Nguyen, Lindsey Roth, Joshua Galanter, Sam Oh, Celeste Eng, Fred Lurmann, Rajesh Kumar, Harold J. Farber, Denise Serebrisky, Luisa Borrell, Saunak Sen, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Jose Rodriguez-Santana, Esteban Gonza Burchard, Pedro C. Avila
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Identification of Lin–Sca1+kit+CD34+Flt3– short-term hematopoietic stem cells capable of rapidly reconstituting and rescuing myeloablated transplant recipients
Authors: Liping Yang, David Bryder, Jörgen Adolfsson, Jens Nygren, Robert Månsson, Mikael Sigvardsson, Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen
Journal: Blood (2004)
Which is it?
Authors: M J. Spark
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Loder’s editorial refers to combination oestrogen-progestin contraceptives but in the concluding sentences implies that levonorgestrel and norethisterone are types of progesterone.1 Stephenson in her letter refers to the etonogestrel containing implant as a progesterone implant.2 Progesterone appears to have been used as a synonym for progestin. The British …
Cardiopoietic Stem Cell Therapy in Heart Failure
Authors: Jozef Bartunek, Atta Behfar, Dariouch Dolatabadi, Marc Vanderheyden, Miodrag Ostojic, Jo Dens, Badih El Nakadi, Marko Banovic, Branko Beleslin, Mathias Vrolix, Victor Legrand, Christian Vrints, Jean Louis Vanoverschelde, Ruben Crespo-Diaz, Christian Homsy, Michal Tendera, Scott Waldman, William Wijns, Andre Terzic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Acromegaly
Authors: Richard L. Atkinson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Serum growth hormone levels, thyroid function, and adrenal function were measured before and after surgery in 16 of 17 acromegalic patients undergoing undergoing transnasal transsphenoidal microsurgery of the pituitary. Thirteen patients have been followed up for 12 to 24 months; three patients have been followed up for three to six months. Serum growth hormone levels decreased to less than 5 ng/ml in seven of nine previously untreated patients; thyroid and adrenal function were preserved in eight of these nine patients. In seven patients treated previously by other modes of therapy, growth hormone levels after transsphenoidal surgery decreased to less than 5 ng/ml in three, to between 5 and 10 ng/ml in three, and from 98 to 41 ng/ml in one. Preoperative adrenal function was normal in six of these seven patients and was preserved in four; thyroid function was normal in five patients preoperatively and was preserved in three. Transsphenoidal microsurgery appears to offer an effective means of lowering growth hormone levels and a possiblity of preserving any remaining normal pituitary function. It may be considered for initial treatment in selected patients in whom more rapid arrest of acromegaly is indicated.
GLiMMPS: Robust statistical model for regulatory variation of alternative splicing using RNA-seq data
Authors: Keyan Zhao, Zhi-xiang Lu, Juw Won Park, Qing Zhou, Yi Xing
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

To characterize the genetic variation of alternative splicing, we develop GLiMMPS, a robust statistical method for detecting splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) from RNA-seq data. GLiMMPS takes into account the individual variation in sequencing coverage and the noise prevalent in RNA-seq data. Analyses of simulated and real RNA-seq datasets demonstrate that GLiMMPS outperforms competing statistical models. Quantitative RT-PCR tests of 26 randomly selected GLiMMPS sQTLs yielded a validation rate of 100%. As population-scale RNA-seq studies become increasingly affordable and popular, GLiMMPS provides a useful tool for elucidating the genetic variation of alternative splicing in humans and model organisms.
Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Ovarian Cancer Risk in the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort
Authors: James V. Lacey, Louise A. Brinton, Michael F. Leitzmann, Traci Mouw, Albert Hollenbeck, Arthur Schatzkin, Patricia Hartge
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Recent studies offer conflicting data on risks of ovarian cancer in users of menopausal hormone therapy. Some findings of increased risks associated with unopposed estrogen use are based on older studies of women with intact uteri, and small sample size and incomplete exposure information have limited the data on estrogen plus progestin associations.The National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort included 97,638 women aged 50-71 years at baseline who completed two questionnaires (1995-1996 and 1996-1997). We identified 214 incident ovarian cancers among these women through the year 2000 using data from state cancer registries and mortality indexes. We estimated relative risks (RRs) of ovarian cancer for detailed hormone therapy exposures using multivariable proportional hazards regression models. All statistical tests were two-sided.Use of unopposed estrogen for fewer than 10 years was not associated with ovarian cancer. Compared with use of no hormone therapy, use of unopposed estrogen for 10 or more years was statistically significantly associated with ovarian cancer among all women (RR = 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22 to 2.95; P = .004; 56 versus 72 ovarian cancers per 100,000 person-years, respectively) and, albeit not statistically significantly, among women with hysterectomy (n = 19,359, RR = 1.70, 95% CI = 0.87 to 3.31; P = .06). Among the 73,483 women with intact uteri, 51,698 had used no hormone therapy or only estrogen plus progestin. Compared with no hormone therapy use, 5 or more years of use of sequential (progestin for < 15 days per cycle; RR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.68 to 5.68; P < .001; 49 versus 108 per 100,000 person-years) or continuous (progestin for > or = 15 days per cycle; RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.03 to 3.23; P = .02; 49 versus 66 per 100,000 person-years) estrogen plus progestin regimens were statistically significantly associated with ovarian cancer.Long durations of use of unopposed estrogen and of estrogen plus progestin, especially sequential regimens, are associated with increased ovarian cancer risk. These data expand the range of possible risks associated with menopausal hormone therapy.
Review of<i>Emergency Neurology</i>
Authors: Sankalp Gokhale
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Chronic beta-adrenoceptor blockade and human atrial cell electrophysiology: evidence of pharmacological remodelling
Authors: Antony J Workman, Kathleen A Kane, Julie A Russell, John Norrie, Andrew C Rankin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Chronic beta-adrenoceptor antagonist (beta-blocker) treatment reduces the incidence of reversion to AF in patients, possibly via an adaptive myocardial response. However, the underlying electrophysiological mechanisms are presently unclear. We aimed to investigate electrophysiological changes in human atrial cells associated with chronic treatment with beta-blockers and other cardiovascular-acting drugs.Myocytes were isolated enzymatically from the right atrial appendage of 40 consenting patients who were in sinus rhythm. The cellular action potential duration (APD), effective refractory period (ERP), L-type Ca(2+) current (I(CaL)), transient (I(TO)) and sustained (I(KSUS)) outward K(+) currents, and input resistance (R(i)) were recorded using the whole cell patch clamp. Drug treatments and clinical characteristics were compared with electrophysiological measurements using simple and multiple regression analyses. P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.In atrial cells from patients treated chronically with beta-blockers, the APD(90) and ERP (75 beats/min stimulation) were significantly longer, at 213+/-11 and 233+/-11 ms, respectively (n=15 patients), than in cells from non-beta-blocked patients, at 176+/-12 and 184+/-12 ms (n=11). These cells also displayed a significantly reduced action potential phase 1 velocity (22+/-3 vs. 34+/-3 V/s). Chronic beta-blockade was also associated with a significant reduction in the heart rate (58+/-3 vs. 69+/-5 beats/min) and in the density of I(TO) (8.7+/-1.3 vs. 13.7+/-2.1 pA/pF), an increase in the R(i) (214+/-24 vs. 132+/-14 MOmega), but no significant change in I(CaL) or I(KSUS). The I(TO) blocker 4-aminopyridine largely mimicked the changes in phase 1 and ERP associated with chronic beta-blockade, in cells from non-beta-blocked patients. Chronic treatment of patients with calcium channel blockers or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (n=11-13 patients) was not associated with any significant changes in atrial cell electrophysiology.The observed atrial cellular electrophysiological changes associated with chronic beta-blockade are consistent with a long-term adaptive response, a type of 'pharmacological remodelling', and provide mechanistic evidence supportive of the anti-arrhythmic actions of beta-blockade.
How we know our minds: The illusion of first-person knowledge of intentionality
Authors: Alison Gopnik
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1993)

Abstract As adults we believe that our knowledge of our own psychological states is substantially different from our knowledge of the psychological states of others: First-person knowledge comes directly from experience, but third-person knowledge involves inference. Developmental evidence suggests otherwise. Many 3-year-old children are consistently wrong in reporting some of their own immediately past psychological states and show similar difficulties reporting the psychological states of others. At about age 4 there is an important developmental shift to a representational model of the mind. This affects children's understanding of their own minds as well as the minds of others. Our sense that our perception of our own minds is direct may be analogous to many cases where expertise provides an illusion of direct perception. These empirical findings have important implications for debates about the foundations of cognitive science.
Partial deficiency of the C-terminal-domain phosphatase of RNA polymerase II is associated with congenital cataracts facial dysmorphism neuropathy syndrome
Authors: Raymonda Varon, Rebecca Gooding, Christina Steglich, Lorna Marns, Hua Tang, Dora Angelicheva, Kiau Kiun Yong, Petra Ambrugger, Anke Reinhold, Bharti Morar, Frank Baas, Marcel Kwa, Ivailo Tournev, Velina Guerguelcheva, Ivo Kremensky, Hanns Lochmüller, Andrea Müllner-Eidenböck, Luciano Merlini, Luitgard Neumann, Joachim Bürger, Maggie Walter, Kathryn Swoboda, P K Thomas, Arpad von Moers, Neil Risch, Luba Kalaydjieva
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
Low Expression of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase CBL Confers Chemoresistance in Human Pancreatic Cancer and Is Targeted by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition
Authors: Brian E. Kadera, Paul A. Toste, Nanping Wu, Luyi Li, Andrew H. Nguyen, David W. Dawson, Timothy R. Donahue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Expression of CBL, an ubiquitin ligase, is decreased in 60% of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) and is associated with shorter overall survival. We sought to determine how low CBL directly contributes to clinically more aggressive PDAC.Human PDACs were stained for CBL, pEGFR, and EGFR. CBL-low was modeled in PDAC cells (Panc-1, L3.6pl, and AsPC-1) via transient transfection (siRNA) or stable knockdown (shRNA). Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT assays and FACS. Immunoblot and a phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase (pRTK) array were used to probe signal transduction. NOD-scid-IL2Rγ(null) mice were subcutaneously implanted with PDAC or PDAC(CBL-low) cells on opposite flanks and treated with gemcitabine ± erlotinib for ≥4 weeks.There was an inverse correlation between CBL and pEGFR protein expression in 12 of 15 tumors. CBL knockdown increased PDAC resistance to gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by upregulating pEGFR (Y1068), pERK, and pAKT. A pRTK array of PDAC(CBL-low) cells revealed additional activated tyrosine kinases but all to a much lower magnitude than EGFR. Increased chemoresistance from low CBL was abrogated by the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib both in vitro and in vivo. Erlotinib+gemcitabine-treated PDAC(CBL-low) cells exhibited greater apoptosis by cleaved PARP, caspase-3, and Annexin V/PI.Low CBL causes chemoresistance in PDAC via stress-induced EGFR activation that can be effectively abrogated by EGFR inhibition. These results suggest that dysregulation of ubiquitination is a key mechanism of EGFR hyperactivation in PDAC and that low CBL may define PDAC tumors likely to respond to erlotinib treatment.
Association of Crohn's disease-associated NOD2 variants with intestinal failure requiring small bowel transplantation and clinical outcomes
Authors: M. Janse, R. K. Weersma, D. L. Sudan, E. A. M. Festen, C. Wijmenga, G. Dijkstra, D. Mercer
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Context</h3> How to respond to the challenge of reducing unplanned pregnancy rates in Ayrshire and Arran. <h3>Objectives</h3> (1) To improve understanding of the educational needs of 11-15-year-olds regarding contraception which could be used to inform planning of future sex education in schools in Ayrshire and Arran. (2) To put this in context by reviewing contraceptive usage amongst 14-16-year-old pregnant teenagers. <h3>Design</h3> (1) A questionnaire given to 11-15-year-olds during a sex education class. (2) A retrospective study of pregnant 14-16-year-olds. <h3>Participants</h3> (1) School pupils aged 11-15 from an area of mixed social background (n = 80). (2) Pregnant 14-16-year-olds presenting at Ayrshire Central Maternity Hospital between September 1997 and March 1998 (n = 74). <h3>Results</h3> (1) Ninety-nine percent of the teenagers said they would use contraception. Seventy-three percent of girls, but only 52% of boys, were aware of the services available. Ninety percent of girls knew about emergency contraception, but only 59% of boys. Thirty-three percent thought they received too little sex education at school. Thirty-two percent received no sex education from home, and 10% 9too little9. More information about sexually-related diseases, safe sex and having a baby was requested. (2) The study of pregnant teenagers showed that 69% went ahead with their pregnancies, that 71% were not habitually using contraception and only 4% were using contraception at the time of conception. <h3>Discussion</h3> Teenagers said they would use contraception. However, boys were not aware of local services giving advice and help to young people, nor about emergency contraception. Teenagers felt they had no or 9too little9 sex education at home. They felt too young to become a parent and be 9tied down9. <h3>Conclusions</h3> (1) Teenagers at school want information about a wider range of sexual issues. (2) There is a gap between learning about contraception and its practical use, including emergency contraception. (3) Discussion and reinforcement of sex education at home may not exist for many teenagers. (4) Teenagers at school felt that they were not ready to be parents as this would restrict their social lives and disrupt their education. (5) It is recognised that young men are less well-informed than young women are, and this could impact on safe sex.