tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depression and unwanted first pregnancy: longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Sarah Schmiege, Nancy Felipe Russo
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To examine the outcomes of an unwanted first pregnancy (abortion <i>v</i> live delivery) and risk of depression and to explain discrepancies with previous research that used the same dataset. <b>Design</b> Longitudinal cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Nationally representative sample of US men and women aged 14-24 in 1979. <b>Participants</b> 1247 women in the US national longitudinal survey of youth who aborted or delivered an unwanted first pregnancy. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Clinical cut-off and continuous scores on a 1992 measure of the Center for Epidemiological Studies depression scale. <b>Results</b> Terminating compared with delivering an unwanted first pregnancy was not directly related to risk of clinically significant depression (odds ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 1.66). No evidence was found of a relation between pregnancy outcome and depression in analyses of subgroups known to vary in under-reporting of abortion. In analyses of the characteristics of non-respondents, refusal to provide information on abortion did not explain the lack of detecting a relation between abortion and mental health. The abortion group had a significantly higher mean education and income and lower total family size, all of which were associated with a lower risk of depression. <b>Conclusions</b> Evidence that choosing to terminate rather than deliver an unwanted first pregnancy puts women at higher risk of depression is inconclusive. Discrepancies between current findings and those of previous research using the same dataset primarily reflect differences in coding of a first pregnancy.
Success of rogue online pharmacies: sewage study of sildenafil in the Netherlands
Authors: B. J. Venhuis, P. de Voogt, E. Emke, A. Causanilles, P. H. J. Keizers
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The internet continues to harbour thousands of rogue online pharmacies.1 We investigated the success of their practice by measuring the sewage load of the erectile dysfunction drug sildenafil in three cities in the Netherlands.

We measured concentrations of sildenafil and two metabolites at the three main sewage treatment plants serving Amsterdam, Eindhoven, and Utrecht for seven consecutive days. …
Biocompatible Films with Tailored Spectral Response for Prevention of DNA Damage in Skin Cells
Authors: Rebeca Núñez‐Lozano, Belén Pimentel, José R. Castro‐Smirnov, Mauricio E. Calvo, Hernán Míguez, Guillermo de la Cueva‐Méndez
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

A hybrid nanostructured organic–in­organic biocompatible film capable of efficiently blocking a preselected range of ultraviolet light is designed to match the genotoxic action spectrum of human epithelial cells. This stack protects cultured human skin cells from UV-induced DNA lesions. As the shielding mechanism relies exclusively on reflection, the secondary effects due to absorption harmful radiation are prevented.
Transcriptional and Functional Analyses of SLC12A3 Mutations
Authors: Eva Riveira-Munoz, Qing Chang, Nathalie Godefroid, Joost G. Hoenderop, Rene[Combining Acute Accent] J. Bindels, Karin Dahan, Olivier Devuyst
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a recessive salt-losing tubulopathy that is caused by mutations in the SLC12A3 gene that encodes the sodium-chloride co-transporter (NCC). GS is characterized by significant inter- and intrafamilial phenotype variability, with early onset and/or severe clinical manifestations in some patients. No correlations between the disease variability and the position/nature of SLC12A3 mutations have been investigated thus far. In this study, extensive mutational analyses of SLC12A3 were performed in 27 patients with GS, including genomic DNA sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, cDNA analysis, and quantification of allele-specific transcripts, in parallel with functional analyses in Xenopus laevis oocytes and detailed phenotyping. Twenty-six SLC12A3 mutations were identified in 25 patients with GS, including eight novel (detection rate 80%). Transcript analysis demonstrated that splicing mutations of SLC12A3 lead to frameshifted mRNA subject to degradation by nonsense-mediated decay. Heterologous expression documented a novel class of NCC mutants with defective intrinsic transport activity. A subgroup of patients presented with early onset, growth retardation, and/or detrimental manifestations, confirming the potential severity of GS. The mutations that were associated with a severe presentation were the combination at least for one allele of a missplicing resulting in a truncated transcript that was downregulated by nonsense-mediated decay or a nonfunctional, cell surface-absent mutant. The most recurrent mutation on the second allele was a newly described NCC mutant that affected the functional properties of the co-transporter. These data suggest that the nature/position of SLC12A3 mutation, combined with male gender, is a determinant factor in the severity of GS and provide new insights in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of the disease.
Puerperal and Lactational Mastitis
Authors: V. M. Crosse
Journal: BMJ (1945)

BRITISHentirely safe fcr both mother and child."Gas-and-air analgesia is safe in the normal case, but should not be used in cases of heart disease or toxaemia of pregnancy.But I believe that, even with care, adequate preliminary instruction, and intelligent co-operat:on, its analgesic properties are disappointing.In America interest in caudal analgesia has been revived-a certain indication ,of desperation.Anyone considering this method should first read Prof.
Comparing estimates of cost effectiveness submitted to the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) by different organisations: retrospective study
Authors: A H Miners, Martina Garau, Dogan Fidan, A J Fischer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To assess the association between different types of organisation and the results from economic evaluations. <b>Design</b> Retrospective pairwise comparison of evidence submitted to the technology appraisal programme of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) by manufacturers of the relevant healthcare technologies and by contracted university based assessment groups. <b>Data sources</b> Data from the first 62 appraisals. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Incremental cost effectiveness ratios. <b>Results</b> Data from 27 of the 62 appraisals could be compared. The analysis of 54 pairwise comparisons showed that manufacturers9 estimates of incremental cost effectiveness ratios were lower (suggesting a more cost effective use of resources) than those produced by the assessment groups (25 were lower, 29 were the same, none were higher, P &lt; 0.01). Restriction of this dataset to include only one pairwise comparison per appraisal (27 pairs) produced a similar result (21 were lower, two were the same, four were higher, P &lt; 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b> The estimated incremental cost effectiveness ratios submitted by manufacturers were on average significantly lower than those submitted by the assessment groups. These results show that an important role of NICE9s appraisal committee, and of decision makers in general, is to determine which economic evaluations, or parts of evaluations, should be given more credence.
The Effect of Combined Estrogen and Progesterone Hormone Replacement Therapy on Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Jill P. Buyon, Michelle A. Petri, Mimi Y. Kim, Kenneth C. Kalunian, Jennifer Grossman, Bevra H. Hahn, Joan T. Merrill, Lisa Sammaritano, Michael Lockshin, Graciela S. Alarcón, Susan Manzi, H. Michael Belmont, Anca D. Askanase, Lisa Sigler, Mary Anne Dooley, Joan Von Feldt, W. Joseph McCune, Alan Friedman, Jane Wachs, Mary Cronin, Michelene Hearth-Holmes, Mark Tan, Frederick Licciardi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: There is concern that exogenous female hormones may worsen disease activity in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Objective: To evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on disease activity in postmenopausal women with SLE. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled noninferiority trial conducted from March 1996 to June 2002. Setting: 16 university-affiliated rheumatology clinics or practices in 11 U.S. states. Patients: 351 menopausal patients (mean age, 50 years) with inactive (81.5%) or stable-active (18.5%) SLE. Interventions: 12 months of treatment with active drug (0.625 mg of conjugated estrogen daily, plus 5 mg of medroxyprogesterone for 12 days per month) or placebo. The 12-month follow-up rate was 82% for the HRT group and 87% for the placebo group. Measurements: The primary end point was occurrence of a severe flare as defined by Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus, National Assessment–Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index composite. Results: Severe flare was rare in both treatment groups: The 12-month severe flare rate was 0.081 for the HRT group and 0.049 for the placebo group, yielding an estimated difference of 0.033 (P = 0.23). The upper limit of the 1-sided 95% CI for the treatment difference was 0.078, within the prespecified margin of 9% for noninferiority. Mild to moderate flares were significantly increased in the HRT group: 1.14 flares/person-year for HRT and 0.86 flare/person-year for placebo (relative risk, 1.34; P = 0.01). The probability of any type of flare by 12 months was 0.64 for the HRT group and 0.51 for the placebo group (P = 0.01). In the HRT group, there were 1 death, 1 stroke, 2 cases of deep venous thrombosis, and 1 case of thrombosis in an arteriovenous graft; in the placebo group, 1 patient developed deep venous thrombosis. Limitations: Findings are not generalizable to women with high-titer anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, or previous thrombosis. Conclusions: Adding a short course of HRT is associated with a small risk for increasing the natural flare rate of lupus. Most of these flares are mild to moderate. The benefits of HRT can be balanced against the risk for flare because HRT did not significantly increase the risk for severe flare compared with placebo.
The time from diagnostic excision biopsy to wide local excision for primary cutaneous malignant melanoma may not affect patient survival
Authors: D.B. Mckenna, R.J. Lee, R.J. Prescott, V.R. Doherty
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article The time from diagnostic excision biopsy to wide local excision for primary cutaneous malignant melanoma may not affect patient survival Get access D.B. Mckenna, D.B. Mckenna Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K Dr D.B.McKenna. E‐mail: dermotbmckenna@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.J. Lee, R.J. Lee Medical Statistics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.J. Prescott, R.J. Prescott Medical Statistics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V.R. Doherty V.R. Doherty Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 147, Issue 1, 1 July 2002, Pages 48–54, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04815.x Published: 01 July 2002 Article history Accepted: 22 January 2002 Published: 01 July 2002
Wilms’ Tumor 1–Associating Protein Regulates the Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Theodore W. Small, Zuzana Bolender, Clara Bueno, Caroline O’Neil, Zengxuan Nong, Walter Rushlow, Nagalingham Rajakumar, Christopher Kandel, Jennifer Strong, Joaquin Madrenas, J. Geoffrey Pickering
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are called on to proliferate during vascular restructuring but must return to a nonproliferative state if remodeling is to appropriately terminate. To identify mediators of the reacquisition of replicative quiescence, we undertook gene expression screening in a uniquely plastic human SMC line. As proliferating SMCs shifted to a contractile and nonproliferative state, expression of TIMP-3, Axl, and KIAA0098 decreased whereas expression of complement C1s, cathepsin B, cellular repressor of E1A-activated genes increased. Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP), a nuclear constituent of unknown function, was also upregulated as SMCs became nonproliferative. Furthermore, WTAP in the intima of injured arteries was substantially upregulated in the late stages of repair. Introduction of WTAP complementary DNA into human SMCs inhibited their proliferation, with a corresponding decrease in DNA synthesis and an increase in apoptosis. Knocking down endogenous WTAP increased SMC proliferation, because of increased DNA synthesis and G(1)/S phase transition, together with reduced apoptosis. WTAP was found to associate with the Wilms' tumor-1 protein in human SMCs and WTAP overexpression inhibited the binding of WT1 to an oligonucleotide containing a consensus WT1 binding site, whereas WTAP knockdown accentuated this interaction. Expression of the WT1 target genes, amphiregulin and Bcl-2, was suppressed in WTAP-overexpressing SMCs and increased in WTAP-deficient SMCs. Moreover, exogenous amphiregulin rescued the antiproliferative effect of WTAP. These findings identify WTAP as a novel regulator of the cell cycle and cell survival and implicate a WTAP-WT1 axis as a novel pathway for controlling vascular SMC phenotype.
Global Perspective on Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Rajesh Vedanthan, Benjamin Seligman, Valentin Fuster
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the greatest single cause of mortality and loss of disability-adjusted life years worldwide, and a substantial portion of this burden falls on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Deaths from IHD and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occur, on average, at younger ages in LMICs than in high-income countries, often at economically productive ages, and likewise frequently affect the poor within LMICs. Although data about ACS in LMICs are limited, there is a growing literature in this area and the research gaps are being steadily filled. In high-income countries, decades of investigation into the risk factors for ACS and development of behavioral programs, medications, interventional procedures, and guidelines have provided us with the tools to prevent and treat events. Although similar tools can be, and in fact have been, implemented in many LMICs, challenges remain in the development and implementation of cardiovascular health promotion activities across the entire life course, as well as in access to treatment for ACS and IHD. Intersectoral policy initiatives and global coordination are critical elements of ACS and IHD control strategies. Addressing the hurdles and scaling successful health promotion, clinical and policy efforts in LMICs are necessary to adequately address the global burden of ACS and IHD.
Survival after the onset of congestive heart failure in Framingham Heart Study subjects.
Authors: K K Ho, K M Anderson, W B Kannel, W Grossman, D Levy
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Relatively limited epidemiological data are available regarding the prognosis of congestive heart failure (CHF) and temporal changes in survival after its onset in a population-based setting. METHODS AND RESULTS Proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the effects of selected clinical variables on survival after the onset of CHF among 652 members of the Framingham Heart Study (51% men; mean age, 70.0 +/- 10.8 years) who developed CHF between 1948 and 1988. Subjects were older at the diagnosis of heart failure in the later decades of this study (mean age at heart failure diagnosis, 57.3 +/- 7.6 years in the 1950s, 65.9 +/- 7.9 years in the 1960s, 71.6 +/- 9.4 years in the 1970s, and 76.4 +/- 10.0 years in the 1980s; p &lt; 0.001). Median survival after the onset of heart failure was 1.7 years in men and 3.2 years in women. Overall, 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 57% and 25% in men and 64% and 38% in women, respectively. Survival was better in women than in men (age-adjusted hazards ratio for mortality, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.54-0.77). Mortality increased with advancing age in both sexes (hazards ratio for men, 1.27 per decade of age; 95% CI, 1.09-1.47; hazards ratio for women, 1.61 per decade of age; 95% CI, 1.37-1.90). Adjusting for age, there was no significant temporal change in the prognosis of CHF during the 40 years of observation (hazards ratio for men for mortality, 1.08 per calendar decade; 95% CI, 0.92-1.27; hazards ratio for women for mortality, 1.02 per calendar decade; 95% CI, 0.83-1.26). CONCLUSIONS CHF remains highly lethal, with better prognosis in women and in younger individuals. Advances in the treatment of hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and valvular heart disease during the four decades of observation did not translate into appreciable improvements in overall survival after the onset of CHF in this large, unselected population.
Sendai and Fukuoka Consensus Guidelines Identify Advanced Neoplasia in Patients With Suspected Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Pavlos Kaimakliotis, Brian Riff, Kamron Pourmand, Vinay Chandrasekhara, Emma E Furth, Evan S Siegelman, Jeffery Drebin, Charles M Vollmer, Michael L Kochman, Gregory G Ginsberg, Nuzhat A Ahmad
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Effect of Abciximab on Prothrombin Activation and Thrombin Generation in Acute Coronary Syndromes Without ST-Segment Elevation
Authors: Piera Angelica Merlini, Alessandra Repetto, Alessandro Lombardi, Alfredo Vetrano, Raffaela Fetiveau, Claudio Cavallini, Diego Sappè, Alessandro Salvioni, Roberto Canziani, Stefano Savonitto, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Diego Ardissino
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Abciximab is very effective in reducing major cardiac events in patients undergoing interventional procedures. Its antithrombotic effect is primarily attributable to the blocking of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors, but recent evidence suggests that it may have a direct antithrombin effect. No data are available concerning the effect of abciximab on the in vivo markers of prothrombin activation and thrombin generation in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST elevation. Methods and Results — We measured the plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2 (a marker of prothrombin activation) and the thrombin/antithrombin complex (a marker of thrombin generation) in 167 patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST elevation enrolled in the GUSTO IV ACS trial who were randomized to receive abciximab for 24 hours (52 patients), abciximab for 48 hours (59 patients), or placebo (56 patients) in addition to heparin. Blood samples were obtained at baseline (before any treatment), after 24 and 48 hours (before study drug discontinuation), and 1 month later. There was a significant increase in the plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2 after 48 hours and after 1 month in all 3 groups, placebo ( P =0.0001), 24-hour abciximab ( P =0.0002), and 48-hour abciximab ( P =0.0001). The plasma thrombin/antithrombin complex levels were similar in the 3 groups at all time points and did not change during the study drug infusions. Conclusions — Abciximab does not decrease prothrombin activation and thrombin generation in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST elevation not undergoing interventional procedures.
Child deaths plummet but many countries miss millennium development goal
Authors: Jocalyn Clark
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Worldwide mortality among children aged under 5 years fell by 53% over the past 25 years, resulting in 3.8 million averted deaths, says a new analysis. But most countries have missed the United Nations’ millennium development goal to reduce deaths by two thirds.

The United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation reported that overall the death rate among children under 5 has fallen from 91 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 43 per 1000 in 2015.1 The absolute number of deaths of under 5s worldwide dropped from 12.7 million to 5.9 million. But only 62 of 195 countries have met the target to reduce under 5 mortality by two thirds over these 25 years. In total, an estimated 236.3 million children under age 5 died between 1990 …
Elevated Urinary Leukotriene E<sub>4</sub> in Chronic Lung Disease of Extreme Prematurity
Authors: Dennis Davidson, Denise Drafta, Barbara A. Wilkens
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We determined if pulmonary peptidoleukotrienes contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease of extreme prematurity (CLD) by measuring urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4). Study patients had a birth weight < 1000 g and were about 28 d old when they were classified as normal control subjects (n = 8) or as having CLD (n = 26, abnormal chest X-ray, supplemental O2 requirement ± ventilator). Urinary LTE4 levels were significantly elevated in CLD compared with the control group (288 ± 92 versus 35 ± 10 pg/mg creatinine, mean ± SE, p < 0.05). Ventilator-dependent CLD patients, who required dexamethasone and had demonstrated uLTE4 levels above the normal range, needed significantly higher peak inspiratory pressures (20 ± 1 cm H2O versus 15 ± 1 cm H2O) than similar patients with uLTE4 in the normal range, and the former group had a significant reduction in uLTE4 in the first 5 d of dexamethasone therapy (626 ± 198 to 451 ± 176 pg/mg Cr) as ventilatory support was reduced. We conclude that peptidoleukotriene production is activated in patients with CLD (and no other detectable organ dysfunction) to pathophysiologic levels described in adults with acute asthma. Prospective studies focused on infants dependent on high levels of ventilatory support may provide insights into the role of leukotriene synthesis inhibitors or receptor antagonists in the treatment of CLD.