tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 439: Evaluation of hypoxia in a feline model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using 64Cu-ATSM positron emission tomography
Authors: Elizabeth A. McNiel, Todd M. Erfourth, Nicole J. Madrill, Dalen W. Agnew, Nathan C. Nelson, Elizabeth A. Ballegeer, Kevin L. Berger
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tumor hypoxia substantially impacts the prognosis of cancer patients by impairing the response to therapy and by promoting the acquisition of a malignant cellular phenotype. A variety human tumors exhibit hypoxia including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) where it is considered a barrier to successful management of these patients. In the feline, HNSCC is a common and aggressive malignancy that shares morphologic, clinical and molecular features with human HNSCC. Therefore, feline HNSCC may serve as an informative model. To date, there are no data concerning the occurrence of hypoxia in feline HNSCC. We hypothesized that like its human counter part, feline HNSCC would demonstrate regions of intratumoral hypoxia and that hypoxia would be a feature of malignant rather than benign oral tumors. To test this hypothesis, cats with spontaneously occurring oral tumors (N=7) were administered 2 mCi 64Cu- diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (ATSM) IV 20 minutes prior to PET-CT scan (Discovery ST, GE Healthcare). Histologically, 4 cats had invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 1 had osteosarcoma and 2 had inflammatory lesions (1 polyp and 1 granuloma). All four squamous cell carcinomas and both inflammatory lesions demonstrated strong diffuse uptake of 64Cu within the tumor. Two cats with metastases to regional lymph nodes also demonstrated significant 64Cu uptake. Tumor hypoxia was confirmed by fluorescent lifetime probe measurements (Oxylab pO2), Oxford Optronix) in 4 cats and pimonidazole (HypoxyporbeTM-1, Hypoxyprobe Inc) uptake in biopsy samples in 4 cats. These data indicate that HNSCC in the cat exhibits significant, diffuse hypoxia. Hypoxia was also significant in inflammatory lesions and thus was not a marker of malignancy, but could indicate that inflammatory disease may provide a selective microenvironement to promote tumorigenesis in the cat. The feline model may provide an important tool for studying clinical methods to modulate hypoxia and to study the role of hypoxia on oral carcinogenesis. We are currently evaluating the effect of vascular modulating agents on feline HNSCC and intratumoral hypoxia as a means to optimize this therapy for combination with irradiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 439.
Factors affecting real-time, cross-sectional echocardiographic imaging of perimembranous ventricular septal defects.
Authors: J M Canale, D J Sahn, H D Allen, S J Goldberg, L M Valdes-Cruz, T W Ovitt
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Recent studies suggest good prospective accuracy for two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging of ventricular septal defects (VSD). We obtained two-dimensional images with high-frequency, high-resolution scanners from 36 patients proved by cardiac catheterization to have perimembranous VSD. In 20 patients, the VSD was an isolated lesion and in 16 it was associated with other forms of heart disease. VSDs were imaged in long-axis, apical four-chamber and subcostal echocardiographic views. The smallest VSD imaged was 2 mm in diameter on echo; the largest, 23 mm. The imaged size of VSDs was larger at end-diastole than at end-systole by paired t test on all views (all p less than 0.005). VSD size also varied between views, with no predictive relationship except between apical and subcostal four-chamber views in diastole (r = 0.71, p less than 0.005). This agreed with qualitative direct observations of an ellipsoid or irregularly shaped VSD in operated patients. Echocardiographically measured VSD size normalized for either aortic root size or for patient weight could be used to separate isolated VSDs with large shunts (Qp/Qs greater than 2:1) from those with small shunts. Review of 250 two-dimensional echocardiographic studies from patients proved not to have a VSD revealed 28 planes of imaging with false-positive VSD. None of the false-positive VSDs was imaged consistently on all views. Additionally, a "T" artifact (broadening of septal edges around a VSD) has been found to be a reliable marker of true VSD imaging. To best quantify VSD size and to avoid false-positive diagnoses, it is necessary to use multiple views and to consider the marked changes in VSD size that occur between diastole and systole.
Hepatic Necrosis After Enflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Adrian Mayer
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Halogenated agents, if and when they cause this type of symptomatology, usually manifest their effects in five to seven, not 19, days. 1 Chlorpromazine causes a selective rise in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. 2   Many other possible etiologies of hepatic necrosis are found in this patient. Exacerbation of the process causing the cirrhosis, possible hypotension during gastrointestinal bleeding, and hepatitis secondary to blood transfusion.  We feel that it is a disservice to implicate a new and useful anesthetic agent by the headline Hepatic Necrosis After Enflurane Anesthesia, on a letter that makes unsupported suppositions.
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Intrathecal Infusion Systems: Selection of Patients for Surgical or Medical Management
Authors: J F. Stinchon, N P. Shah, J Ordia, E Oates
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Purpose: Continuous intrathecal medication through a surgically implanted infusion system is an established method for treating intractable spasticity or pain. To determine if imaging can guide surgical or medical management in patients with suspected infusion system malfunction, we reviewed our experience in evaluating the functional status of these systems with indium-111 DTPA scintigraphy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 23 indium-111 DTPA studies in 19 patients (7 female, 12 male; ages 20–83 years, average age 47 years). Indications included intractable spasticity or increasing pain. Infusion systems were classified scintigraphically as either functioning or malfunctioning; malfunctions were further classified as either mechanical or catheter-related. Imaging findings were correlated with subsequent clinical management. Results: Fifteen of 23 (65%) studies demonstrated functioning infusion systems; these patients were all treated medically. Eight of 23 (35%) studies demonstrated malfunctioning systems; 6 of 8 were subsequently treated surgically and 2 of 8 medically. Conclusion: Indium-111 DTPA scintigraphy can differentiate between functioning and malfunctioning infusion systems, guiding appropriate medical or surgical management.
High-penetrance mouse model of acute promyelocytic leukemia with very low levels of PML-RARα expression
Authors: Peter Westervelt, Andrew A. Lane, Jessica L. Pollock, Kristie Oldfather, Matthew S. Holt, Drazen B. Zimonjic, Nicholas C. Popescu, John F. DiPersio, Timothy J. Ley
Journal: Blood (2003)
PDEF Promotes Luminal Differentiation and Acts as a Survival Factor for ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Gilles Buchwalter, Michele M. Hickey, Anne Cromer, Laura M. Selfors, Ruwanthi N. Gunawardane, Jason Frishman, Rinath Jeselsohn, Elgene Lim, David Chi, Xiaoyong Fu, Rachel Schiff, Myles Brown, Joan S. Brugge
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Urticaria in Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Stephen C. Cowdrey
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the recent article by Africk and Halprin describing concurrent infectious mononucleosis and urticaria (<b>209</b>:1524, 1969) it is stated that such an association has been infrequently documented in the past. I concur with this. The dearth of previous reports was noted during the preparation of a prior, recently published article discussing infectious mononucleosis and acute urticaria (<i>Ann Allerg</i><b>27</b>:182, 1969). Five reports of patients with infectious mononucleosis and urticaria (as the sole dermatologic disorder) were included in that communication; thus, eight well-documented instances of such concurrence have been reported in the past six months. This would seem to buttress the argument for considering infectious mononucleosis in the presence of hives "especially in the absence of any other clearcut unequivocal precipitant" and apparently reinforces the conclusion of Africk and Halprin that "urticaria does indeed occur as an infrequent manifestation of infectious mononucleosis." There are several theoretical
Skeletal muscle biochemistry and histology in ambulatory patients with long-term heart failure.
Authors: M J Sullivan, H J Green, F R Cobb
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Recent studies in patients with long-term heart failure have suggested that intrinsic abnormalities in skeletal muscle can contribute to the development of early lactic acidosis and fatigue during exercise. The present study provides an analysis of substrate and enzyme content, fiber typing, and capillarization in skeletal muscle biopsy samples obtained at rest from the vastus lateralis in 11 patients with long-term heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction, 21 +/- 8%) and nine normal subjects. Patients demonstrated a reduced peak exercise oxygen consumption (13.0 +/- 3.3 ml/kg/min) when compared with normals (30.2 +/- 8.6 ml/kg/min, p less than 0.001) and had an accelerated rise in blood lactate levels during exercise. In mixed fiber skeletal muscle, total phosphorylase and glycolytic enzyme activities were not different in the two groups, whereas mitochondrial enzymes involved in terminal oxidation were decreased in patients as compared with normal subjects as indicated by reductions in succinate dehydrogenase (51 +/- 15 vs. 81 +/- 17 microM/g protein/min, p less than 0.001) and citrate synthetase (26 +/- 7 vs. 43 +/- 20 microM/g protein/min, p less than 0.05). 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase, an important enzyme mediating beta-oxidation of fatty acids, was also reduced in patients as compared with normals (18 +/- 7 vs. 27 +/- 10 microM/g protein/min, p less than 0.05). There was no difference in high-energy phosphagens or lactate concentration of mixed muscle in the two groups, whereas glycogen content was decreased in patients (262 +/- 29 vs. 298 +/- 35 microM glucosyl units/kg dry wt, p = 0.01). Patients demonstrated a reduced percentage of slow twitch type I fibers (36 +/- 7% vs. 52 +/- 22%, p less than 0.05) and had a higher percentage of type IIb fast twitch fibers (24 +/- 9% vs. 11 +/- 12%, p = 0.02), which were smaller than the type IIb fibers seen in normal subjects (p less than 0.05). In patients, the number of capillaries per fiber was decreased for type I and type IIa fibers (both, p less than 0.03), but the ratio of capillaries to cross-sectional fiber area was not different for the two groups. These data demonstrate major alterations in skeletal muscle histology and biochemistry in patients with long-term heart failure, including fiber atrophy, a decrease in percentage of composition of type I fibers, and an increase in type IIb fibers accompanied by a decrease in oxidative enzyme capacity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prospective study of clinical, laboratory, and ancillary staff with accidental exposures to blood or body fluids from patients infected with HIV.
Authors: M McEvoy, K Porter, P Mortimer, N Simmons, D Shanson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

In a prospective study of 150 health care workers in the United Kingdom who had been accidentally exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus no evidence of transmission was found. Larger studies in the United States and anecdotal accounts in publications from other countries confirm that the risk of occupational infection is very low. Health care workers must adopt safe procedures at all times, however, to avoid exposure to infection.Between January 1st and December 31st, 1986, 150 health workers were accidentally exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus in the United Kingdom. Altogether 95 (63%) of these occurred in hospitals in the 4 Thames health regions. Exposures were reported in 41 male and 109 female health care workers. There were 91 (61%) nurses, 32 (21%) doctors, 8 (5%) laboratory workers, and 19 (13%) others. There were 76 needlestick and other injuries from sharp instruments. In 67% of the injuries there was exposure to blood and in 16%, to urine. 109 health care workers were followed for more than 1 year, and 41 for between 1 and 12 months, median 9 months. No seroconversions were observed in these health care workers. Larger studies in the US and anecdotal accounts in publications from other countries confirm that the risk of occupational infection is very low. Health care workers must adopt safe procedures at all times, however, to avoid exposure to infection.
Balloon angioplasty enhances the expression of angiotensin II AT1 receptors in neointima of rat aorta.
Authors: M Viswanathan, C Strömberg, A Seltzer, J M Saavedra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Angiotensin II is a vasoactive peptide and may act as a growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells. Experimental injury of the rat aorta causes rapid migration of medial smooth muscle cells and their proliferation resulting in the formation of neointima. We have examined, using quantitative autoradiography, the expression of angiotensin II receptor subtypes AT1 and AT2, and angiotensin-converting enzyme, in the neointima formed in the rat thoracic aorta 15 d after balloon-catheter injury. In contrast to the normal aortic wall, which contained both AT1 and AT2 receptors (80% and 20%, respectively), neointimal cells expressed almost exclusively angiotensin II AT1 receptors. The apparent number of these receptors was fourfold higher in the neointima compared to that in the normal aortic wall. The affinities of the neointimal receptors to angiotensin II or to the AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan, were not different from those in the normal aortic wall. Angiotensin-converting enzyme binding in the neointima was not different from that in the media of the uninjured aorta. Our data suggest that angiotensin II AT1 receptors may have a significant role in injury-induced vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration.
Lung endothelial monocyte-activating protein 2 is a mediator of cigarette smoke–induced emphysema in mice
Authors: Matthias Clauss, Robert Voswinckel, Gangaraju Rajashekhar, Ninotchka L. Sigua, Heinz Fehrenbach, Natalia I. Rush, Kelly S. Schweitzer, Ali Ö. Yildirim, Krzysztof Kamocki, Amanda J. Fisher, Yuan Gu, Bilal Safadi, Sandeep Nikam, Walter C. Hubbard, Rubin M. Tuder, Homer L. Twigg, Robert G. Presson, Sanjay Sethi, Irina Petrache
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Pulmonary emphysema is a disease characterized by alveolar cellular loss and inflammation. Recently, excessive apoptosis of structural alveolar cells has emerged as a major mechanism in the development of emphysema. Here, we investigated the proapoptotic and monocyte chemoattractant cytokine endothelial monocyte-activating protein 2 (EMAPII). Lung-specific overexpression of EMAPII in mice caused simplification of alveolar structures, apoptosis, and macrophage accumulation, compared with that in control transgenic mice. Additionally, in a mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced (CS-induced) emphysema, EMAPII levels were significantly increased in murine lungs. This upregulation was necessary for emphysema development, as neutralizing antibodies to EMAPII resulted in reduced alveolar cell apoptosis, inflammation, and emphysema-associated structural changes in alveoli and small airways and improved lung function. The mechanism of EMAPII upregulation involved an apoptosis-dependent feed-forward loop, since caspase-3 instillation in the lung markedly increased EMAPII expression, while caspase inhibition decreased its production, even in transgenic EMAPII mice. These findings may have clinical significance, as both current smokers and ex-smoker chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients had increased levels of secreted EMAPII in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with that of nonsmokers. In conclusion, we suggest that EMAPII perpetuates the mechanism of CS-induced lung emphysema in mice and, given its secretory nature, is a suitable target for neutralization antibody therapy.
Two Families of Rep-Like Genes That Probably Originated by Interspecies Recombination Are Represented in Viral, Plasmid, Bacterial, and Parasitic Protozoan Genomes
Authors: Mark J. Gibbs, Vladimir V. Smeianov, James L. Steele, Peter Upcroft, Boris A. Efimov
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Two families of genes related to, and including, rolling circle replication initiator protein (Rep) genes were defined by sequence similarity and by evidence of intergene family recombination. The Rep genes of circoviruses were the best characterized members of the "RecRep1 family." Other members of the RecRep1 family were Rep-like genes found in the genomes of the Canarypox virus, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia duodenalis and in a plasmid, p4M, from the Gram-positive bacterium, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum. The "RecRep2 family" comprised some previously identified Rep-like genes from plasmids of phytoplasmas and similar Rep-like genes from the genomes of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, and Phytoplasma asteris. Both RecRep1 and RecRep2 proteins have a nucleotide-binding domain significantly similar to the helicases (2C proteins) of picorna-like viruses. On the N-terminal side of the nucleotide binding domain, RecRep1 proteins have a domain significantly similar to one found in nanovirus Reps, whereas RecRep2 proteins have a domain significantly similar to one in the Reps of pLS1 plasmids. We speculate that RecRep genes have been transferred from viruses or plasmids to parasitic protozoan and bacterial genomes and that Rep proteins were themselves involved in the original recombination events that generated the ancestral RecRep genes.
An Evaluation of Colorectal Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Using High-Magnification Chromoscopic Colonoscopy: a Prospective Study of 1000 Colonoscopies
Authors: D. P. Hurlstone, S. S. Cross, K. Drew, I. Adam, A. J. Shorthouse, S. Brown, D. S. Sanders, A. J. Lobo
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic mucosal resection provides an alternative to surgery for resection of sessile and flat colorectal lesions. High-magnification chromoscopic colonoscopy may allow early detection and anticipate histological diagnosis by identifying colonic crypt patterns. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and safety of en-bloc endoscopic mucosal resection with high-magnification chromoendoscopy in the management of sessile and flat colorectal lesions ≤ 20 mm. Patients and Methods: A single endoscopist using high-magnification chromoendoscopy prospectively examined 1000 patients attending for routine colonoscopy. Patients were selected for inclusion in the study if they were considered to be at high risk for underlying colorectal neoplasia or polyps. Within the study period, 1000 patients (29 %) qualified for entry from a total of 3480 colonoscopies conducted in our institution. Endoscopic mucosal resection was carried out in appropriate flat and sessile lesions. Results: Endoscopic mucosal resection was carried out in 599 lesions. Complete histological resection was confirmed in 576 (96 %). Perforation occurred in one patient (0.2 %) and bleeding in 12 (2 %). A total of 254 lesions (40 %; excluding hyperplasia/metaplasia) were flat or depressed, and 374 (60 %) were sessile. Fifty-eight flat lesions (23 %) contained high-grade dysplasia or beyond, compared to 33 sessile lesions (9.0 %; P = 0.001). After resection, 21 lesions were upgraded histologically, with 17 being defined as adenoma with high-grade dysplasia or beyond. Conclusions: This study confirms that flat adenomas and carcinomas occur in the West and demonstrates the malignant potential of such lesions, which can be managed successfully using endoscopic techniques. Endoscopic mucosal resection with high-magnification chromoscopy is a safe and effective form of treatment for sessile or flat colorectal lesions. Complete resection can improve the accuracy of histopathological diagnosis. However, colonoscopists require training in these procedures in order to improve the rate of colorectal cancer detection.
Three-dimensional extracellular matrix-directed cardioprogenitor differentiation: Systematic modulation of a synthetic cell-responsive PEG-hydrogel
Authors: Thomas P. Kraehenbuehl, Prisca Zammaretti, André J. Van der Vlies, Ronald G. Schoenmakers, Matthias P. Lutolf, Marisa E. Jaconi, Jeffrey A. Hubbell
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Qualitative Regulation of B Cell Antigen Receptor Signaling by CD19: Selective Requirement for PI3-Kinase Activation, Inositol-1,4,5-Trisphosphate Production and Ca2+ Mobilization
Authors: Anne Mette Buhl, Christopher M. Pleiman, Robert C. Rickert, John C. Cambier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Genetic ablation of the B cell surface glycoprotein CD19 severely impairs the humoral immune response. This requirement is thought to reflect a critical role of CD19 in signal transduction that occurs upon antigen C3dg coligation of antigen receptors with CD19 containing type 2 complement receptors (CR2). Here we show that CD19 plays a key accessory role in B cell antigen receptor signaling independent of CR2 coligation and define molecular circuitry by which this function is mediated. While CD19 is not required for antigen-mediated activation of receptor proximal tyrosines kinases, it is critical for activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase). PI3-Kinase activation is dependent on phosphorylation of CD19 Y484 and Y515. Antigen-induced CD19-dependent PI3-kinase activation is required for normal phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ mobilization responses. Thus, CD19 functions as a B cell antigen receptor accessory molecule that modifies antigen receptor signaling in a qualitative manner.
Reversible and irreversible differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: Ronald B. Driesen, Chandan K. Nagaraju, Joëlle Abi-Char, Tamara Coenen, Paul J. Lijnen, Robert H. Fagard, Karin R. Sipido, Victor V. Petrov
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

AimsDifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts (Fbs) into myofibroblasts (MyoFbs) is responsible for connective tissue build-up in myocardial remodelling. We examined MyoFb differentiation and reversibility.
Diseases of the Small Intestine in Childhood
Authors: Steven L. Werlin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The third edition of this text by one of Britain's foremost pediatric gastroenterologists is a welcome addition to the field. Walker-Smith combines his unparalleled experience with a very personal approach to the diagnosis and treatment of the infant and child with disorders of the small intestine. The volume is always interesting, especially when Walker-Smith elaborates on the history of a particular problem. <i>Diseases of the Small Intestine in Childhood</i>reviews the major gastrointestinal tract disorders that occur in the pediatric population. The reader will find the chapters on dietary protein intolerance, gastroenteritis, oral rehydration, and the postgastroenteritis syndromes and carbohydrate malabsorption particularly rewarding. Of interest to the American reader are the differences between the British approach and that found on this side of the Atlantic. For example, on page 246, Walker-Smith states that the use of antibiotics in the treatment of shigella is controversial. On page 247, he recommends against