tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Potential Role of Lymphadenectomy in Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Combined Exploratory Analysis of Three Prospectively Randomized Phase III Multicenter Trials
Authors: Andreas du Bois, Alexander Reuss, Philipp Harter, Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Jacobus Pfisterer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Primary surgery followed by platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy is the standard therapy in advanced ovarian cancer. The prognostic role of complete debulking has been well described; however, the impact of systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy and its interaction with biologic factors are still not fully defined.This was an exploratory analysis of three prospective randomized trials (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie Studiengruppe Ovarialkarzinom trials 3, 5, and 7) investigating platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy regimens in advanced ovarian cancer conducted between 1995 and 2002.One thousand nine hundred twenty-four patients were analyzed. Lymphadenectomy was associated with superior survival in patients without gross residual disease. In patients with and without lymphadenectomy, the median survival time was 103 and 84 months, respectively, and 5-year survival rates were 67.% and 59.2%, respectively (P = .0166); multivariate analysis confirmed a significant impact of lymphadenectomy on overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.94; P = .0123). In patients with small residual tumors up to 1 cm, the effect of lymphadenectomy on OS barely reached significance (HR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.00; P = .0497). For patients with small residual tumors and clinically suspect nodes, lymphadenectomy resulted in a 16% gain in 5-year OS (log-rank test, P = .0038).Lymphadenectomy in advanced ovarian cancer might offer benefit mainly to patients with complete intraperitoneal debulking. However, this hypothesis should be confirmed in the context of a prospectively randomized trial.
Activation in Mesolimbic and Visuospatial Neural Circuits Elicited by Smoking Cues: Evidence From Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Deborah L. Due, Scott A. Huettel, Warren G. Hall, David C. Rubin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to increase understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in cigarette addiction by identifying neural substrates modulated by visual smoking cues in nicotine-deprived smokers. METHOD: Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to detect brain activation after exposure to smoking-related images in a group of nicotine-deprived smokers and a nonsmoking comparison group. Subjects viewed a pseudo-random sequence of smoking images, neutral nonsmoking images, and rare targets (photographs of animals). Subjects pressed a button whenever a rare target appeared. RESULTS: In smokers, the fMRI signal was greater after exposure to smoking-related images than after exposure to neutral images in mesolimbic dopamine reward circuits known to be activated by addictive drugs (right posterior amygdala, posterior hippocampus, ventral tegmental area, and medial thalamus) as well as in areas related to visuospatial attention (bilateral prefrontal and parietal cortex and right fusiform gyrus). In nonsmokers, no significant differences in fMRI signal following exposure to smoking-related and neutral images were detected. In most regions studied, both subject groups showed greater activation following presentation of rare target images than after exposure to neutral images. CONCLUSIONS: In nicotine-deprived smokers, both reward and attention circuits were activated by exposure to smoking-related images. Smoking cues are processed like rare targets in that they activate attentional regions. These cues are also processed like addictive drugs in that they activate mesolimbic reward regions.
HER2 Overexpression and Doxorubicin in Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Resectable Breast Cancer
Authors: Angela Moliterni, Sylvie Ménard, Pinuccia Valagussa, Elia Biganzoli, Patrizia Boracchi, Andrea Balsari, Patrizia Casalini, Gorana Tomasic, Ettore Marubini, Silvana Pilotti, Gianni Bonadonna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression was found to predict a good response in breast carcinoma patients treated with doxorubicin (Adriamycin [ADM]). Evidence from our recent study indicates that node-positive patients respond to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) regardless of HER2 status. We address the issue of whether therapy regimens including CMF and ADM versus CMF alone have the same therapeutic effect in patients with HER2+ and HER2- tumors in terms of relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).Archival specimens of the primary tumors from 506 patients in a prospective clinical trial were stained with the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody CB11. Originally, patients were randomly allocated to receive either 12 courses of intravenous CMF or eight courses of the same regimen followed by four cycles of ADM. RFS and OS were analyzed by a Cox model taking into account treatment, HER2 status, and the interaction between treatment and HER2 status, adjusting for the effect of other known clinical and biopathologic factors.Analysis of survival rates indicates a possible differential effect of treatment in the patients grouped according to HER2 status. Improved RFS and OS were observed in the HER2+ subgroup after treatment with CMF plus ADM versus CMF alone. With a median follow-up of 15 years, the hazard ratio (HR) for RFS was 0.83 in HER2+ tumors and 1.22 in HER2- tumors. The effect of treatment was more evident on OS in HER2+ patients (HR = 0.61; CI, 0.32 to 1.16) than in HER2- patients (HR = 1.26).Our data indicate that adding ADM to CMF might be beneficial for patients with HER2+ tumors.
Cancer Survivorship—Genetic Susceptibility and Second Primary Cancers: Research Strategies and Recommendations
Authors: Lois B. Travis, Charles S. Rabkin, Linda Morris Brown, James M. Allan, Blanche P. Alter, Christine B. Ambrosone, Colin B. Begg, Neil Caporaso, Stephen Chanock, Angela DeMichele, William Douglas Figg, Mary K. Gospodarowicz, Eric J. Hall, Michie Hisada, Peter Inskip, Ruth Kleinerman, John B. Little, David Malkin, Andrea K. Ng, Kenneth Offit, Ching-Hon Pui, Leslie L. Robison, Nathaniel Rothman, Peter G. Shields, Louise Strong, Toshiyasu Taniguchi, Margaret A. Tucker, Mark H. Greene
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Cancer survivors constitute 3.5% of the United States population, but second primary malignancies among this high-risk group now account for 16% of all cancer incidence. Although few data currently exist regarding the molecular mechanisms for second primary cancers and other late outcomes after cancer treatment, the careful measurement and documentation of potentially carcinogenic treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) provide a unique platform for in vivo research on gene-environment interactions in human carcinogenesis. We review research priorities identified during a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored workshop entitled "Cancer Survivorship--Genetic Susceptibility and Second Primary Cancers." These priorities include 1) development of a national research infrastructure for studies of cancer survivorship; 2) creation of a coordinated system for biospecimen collection; 3) development of new technology, bioinformatics, and biomarkers; 4) design of new epidemiologic methods; and 5) development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Many of the infrastructure resources and design strategies that would facilitate research in this area also provide a foundation for the study of other important nonneoplastic late effects of treatment and psychosocial concerns among cancer survivors. These research areas warrant high priority to promote NCI's goal of eliminating pain and suffering related to cancer.
Patients with grade 3 follicular lymphoma have prolonged relapse-free survival following anthracycline-based chemotherapy: the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group Experience
Authors: A.K. Ganti, D.D. Weisenburger, L.M. Smith, C.P. Hans, R.G. Bociek, P.J. Bierman, J.M. Vose, J.O. Armitage
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2006)
Applying mass spectrometry based proteomic technology to advance the understanding of multiple myeloma
Authors: Johann Micallef, Moyez Dharsee, Jian Chen, Suzanne Ackloo, Ken Evans, Luqui Qiu, Hong Chang
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2010)

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy in adults. It is characterized by clonal proliferation of terminally differentiated B lymphocytes and over-production of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Recurrent genomic aberrations have been identified to contribute to the aggressiveness of this cancer. Despite a wealth of knowledge describing the molecular biology of MM as well as significant advances in therapeutics, this disease remains fatal. The identification of biomarkers, especially through the use of mass spectrometry, however, holds great promise to increasing our understanding of this disease. In particular, novel biomarkers will help in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic stratification of MM. To date, results from mass spectrometry studies of MM have provided valuable information with regards to MM diagnosis and response to therapy. In addition, mass spectrometry was employed to study relevant signaling pathways activated in MM. This review will focus on how mass spectrometry has been applied to increase our understanding of MM.
Complement Factor H Polymorphism in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Raja Narayanan, Virit Butani, David S. Boyer, Shari R. Atilano, Gilberto P. Resende, David S. Kim, Subhabrata Chakrabarti, Baruch D. Kuppermann, Nikan Khatibi, Marilyn Chwa, Anthony B. Nesburn, M. Cristina Kenney
Journal: Ophthalmology (2007)
Side effects of aminoglycosides on the kidney, ear and balance in cystic fibrosis
Authors: A. Prayle, A. Watson, H. Fortnum, A. Smyth
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are a central component of the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis (CF) and slow the decline in lung function which ultimately causes the death of most patients. The prognosis of CF has improved, and thus side effects of treatments have become increasingly important. Observational studies suggest that the morbidity from side effects of aminoglycosides is disturbingly common, and that aggressive treatment may lead to more side effects. This review of the current literature on side effects of aminoglycosides considers the pathophysiological mechanisms, epidemiology and risk factors, investigation of side effects and preventative strategies. Treatments which have shown early promise are identified and areas of future research are discussed.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in surgical training
Authors: I Mushtaq, C Harris
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Tender points in fibromyalgia EDrroR,-Peter Croft and colleagues contend that tender points in fibromyalgia are associated with depression.'This conclusion is based on their use of the 12 item general health questionnaire as a measure of depression.This questionnaire, how- ever, is not a screening instrument for depression; it is used to detect psychiatric disorder, which can include depression, anxiety, and psychotic dis- orders.2The findings obtained with the general health questionnaire are consistent with the conclusion that tender points are associated with psychiatric disorder.This is consistent with the main point of the paper, which is that tender points are a measure ofgeneral distress.
Severe Expressive-Language Delay Related to Duplication of the Williams–Beuren Locus
Authors: Martin J. Somerville, Carolyn B. Mervis, Edwin J. Young, Eul-Ju Seo, Miguel del Campo, Stephen Bamforth, Ella Peregrine, Wayne Loo, Margaret Lilley, Luis A. Pérez-Jurado, Colleen A. Morris, Stephen W. Scherer, Lucy R. Osborne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) locus, at 7q11.23, is prone to recurrent chromosomal rearrangements, including the microdeletion that causes WBS, a multisystem condition with characteristic cardiovascular, cognitive, and behavioral features. It is hypothesized that reciprocal duplications of the WBS interval should also occur, and here we present such a case description. The most striking phenotype was a severe delay in expressive speech, in contrast to the normal articulation and fluent expressive language observed in persons with WBS. Our results suggest that specific genes at 7q11.23 are exquisitely sensitive to dosage alterations that can influence human language and visuospatial capabilities.
The in vitro properties of dermal papilla cell lines established from human hair follicles
Authors: A.G. MESSENGER, H. JENNIFER, S.S. BLEEHEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

The in vitro properties of cells cultured from the dermal papilla of human hair follicles were studied and compared with those of lines of dermal fibroblasts derived from the same material. In serial subcultures, the dermal papilla cells displayed a spread out, polygonal cellular morphology at stationary growth phases and a tendency to form multi-layered aggregates before reaching confluence. Aggregation was particularly marked when papilla cells were grown on collagen gels. In contrast, dermal fibroblasts grew as branching, parallel arrays of spindle-shaped cells which remained as monolayers until confluence. Compared with dermal fibroblasts, papilla cells also exhibited a shorter in vitro survival time. The properties of cultured human papilla cells are similar to those of rat vibrissa papilla cells.
Manganese amd electrogenic phenomena in canine Purkinje fibers.
Authors: P M Hogan, K W Spitzer
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Studies were performed on canine cardiac Purkinje fibers to evaluate the effects of manganese on membrane electrogenesis. The results indicate that manganese has a calciumlike effect on the excitatory sodium current and inhibitory effects on potassium conductance and slow inward current. The calciumlike effect of manganese on sodium current was reflected through a leftward (toward less negative potentials) and downward shift in the curve relating maximum upstroke velocity to membrane potential. The inhibitory action of manganese on potassium conductance was suggested by the following observations. (1) Manganese caused an initial increase in action potential duration largely due to a lengthening of the plateau and decreases in the rates of phase 3 and terminal repolarization. (2) Manganese increased the rate of diastolic depolarization. (3) Manganes blocked the initial fall in maximum diastolic potential accompanying rapid stimulation. (4) Manganese in high concentrations caused generalized depolarization which was reversed by rapid stimulation and by increased extracellular potassium concentrations. The action of manganese to block slow inward current was indicated by the eventual shortening of the plateau and by the elimination of responses initiated from low levels of membrane potential (less than minus 55 mv). In addition to these effects, manganese also reduced membrane excitability, eliminated arrhythmic beats occurring during low-frequency electrical stimulation, and caused membrane hyperpolarization which was blocked by tetrodotoxin.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity Selects for Lung Adenocarcinoma Stem Cells Dependent on Notch Signaling
Authors: James P. Sullivan, Monica Spinola, Michael Dodge, Maria G. Raso, Carmen Behrens, Boning Gao, Katja Schuster, Chunli Shao, Jill E. Larsen, Laura A. Sullivan, Sofia Honorio, Yang Xie, Pier P. Scaglioni, J. Michael DiMaio, Adi F. Gazdar, Jerry W. Shay, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John D. Minna
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a candidate marker for lung cancer cells with stem cell-like properties. Immunohistochemical staining of a large panel of primary non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples for ALDH1A1, ALDH3A1, and CD133 revealed a significant correlation between ALDH1A1 (but not ALDH3A1 or CD133) expression and poor prognosis in patients including those with stage I and N0 disease. Flow cytometric analysis of a panel of lung cancer cell lines and patient tumors revealed that most NSCLCs contain a subpopulation of cells with elevated ALDH activity, and that this activity is associated with ALDH1A1 expression. Isolated ALDH+ lung cancer cells were observed to be highly tumorigenic and clonogenic as well as capable of self-renewal compared with their ALDH− counterparts. Expression analysis of sorted cells revealed elevated Notch pathway transcript expression in ALDH+ cells. Suppression of the Notch pathway by treatment with either a γ-secretase inhibitor or stable expression of shRNA against NOTCH3 resulted in a significant decrease in ALDH+ lung cancer cells, commensurate with a reduction in tumor cell proliferation and clonogenicity. Taken together, these findings indicate that ALDH selects for a subpopulation of self-renewing NSCLC stem-like cells with increased tumorigenic potential, that NSCLCs harboring tumor cells with ALDH1A1 expression have inferior prognosis, and that ALDH1A1 and CD133 identify different tumor subpopulations. Therapeutic targeting of the Notch pathway reduces this ALDH+ component, implicating Notch signaling in lung cancer stem cell maintenance. Cancer Res; 70(23); 9937–48. ©2010 AACR.
Involvement of JNK pathway in the promotion of the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis under high-fat dietary conditions
Authors: H. Endo, K. Hosono, T. Fujisawa, H. Takahashi, M. Sugiyama, K. Yoneda, Y. Nozaki, K. Fujita, M. Yoneda, M. Inamori, K. Wada, H. Nakagama, A. Nakajima
Journal: Gut (2009)

Background and aims: The molecular mechanisms underlying the promotion of colorectal carcinogenesis by a high-fat diet (HFD) remain unclear. We investigated the role of the insulin-signal pathway and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, which reportedly play crucial roles in insulin resistance, during colorectal carcinogenesis in the presence of hyperinsulinaemia induced by a HFD. Methods: Azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci formation and cell proliferation in the colonic epithelium were compared between mice fed a normal diet (ND) and mice fed a HFD. A western blot analysis was performed to elucidate the mechanism affecting colorectal carcinogenesis by a HFD. Results: The number of aberrant crypt foci and the colonic epithelial cell proliferative activity were significantly higher in the HFD group than in the ND group. While the plasma insulin level was significantly higher in the HFD group than in the ND group, a western blot analysis revealed the inactivation of Akt, which is located downstream of the insulin receptor, in the colonic epithelia of the HFD group. On the other hand, JNK activity was significantly higher in the HFD group than in the ND group. A JNK specific inhibitor significantly suppressed the increase in epithelial cell proliferation only under a HFD, but not under a ND. Conclusions: Colonic cell proliferation was promoted via the JNK pathway in the presence of a HFD but not in the presence of a ND. This novel mechanism may explain the involvement of the JNK pathway in the effect of dietary fat intake on colon carcinogenesis.
Antepartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy: the Western Australian case-control study
Authors: N. Badawi, J. J Kurinczuk, J. M Keogh, L. M Alessandri, F. O'Sullivan, P. R Burton, P. J Pemberton, F. J Stanley
Journal: BMJ (1998)

To identify intrapartum predictors of newborn encephalopathy in term infants.Population based, unmatched case-control study.Metropolitan area of Western Australia, June 1993 to September 1995.All 164 term infants with moderate or severe newborn encephalopathy; 400 randomly selected controls.Adjusted odds ratio estimates.The birth prevalence of moderate or severe newborn encephalopathy was 3.8/1000 term live births. The neonatal fatality was 9.1%. Maternal pyrexia (odds ratio 3.82), a persistent occipitoposterior position (4.29), and an acute intrapartum event (4.44) were all risk factors for newborn encephalopathy. More case infants than control infants were induced (41.5% and 30.5%, respectively) and fewer case infants were delivered by caesarean section without labour (3.7% and 14.5%, respectively). Operative vaginal delivery (2.34) and emergency caesarean section (2.17) were both associated with an increased risk. There was an inverse relation between elective caesarean section (0.17) and newborn encephalopathy. After application of a set of consensus criteria for elective caesarean section only three (7%) eligible case mothers compared with 33 (65%) eligible control mothers were sectioned electively. Of all the case infants, 113 (69%) had only antepartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy identified; 39 (24%) had antepartum and intrapartum factors; eight (5%) had only intrapartum factors; and four (2%) had no recognised antepartum or intrapartum factors.The causes of newborn encephalopathy are heterogeneous and many relate to the antepartum period. Elective caesarean section has an inverse association with newborn encephalopathy. Intrapartum hypoxia alone accounts for only a small proportion of newborn encephalopathy. These results question the view that most risk factors for newborn encephalopathy lie in the intrapartum period.
The International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement on age determination in high-level young athletes
Authors: Lars Engebretsen, Kathrin Steffen, Roald Bahr, Carolyn Broderick, Jiri Dvorak, Per-Mats Janarv, Amanda Johnson, Michel Leglise, Tallal Charles Mamisch, Damien McKay, Lyle Micheli, Patrick Schamasch, Gurcharan Dato Singh, Diane E J Stafford, Harald Steen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

With a considerably high level of poverty, high population density and relatively fragile health systems, most African countries have a predominance of factors that could contribute to the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these challenges, the continent has shown capacity in its response to the pandemic. This may be related to the continent's experience in responding to several infectious disease outbreaks such as Ebola disease, Lassa fever and cholera. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several local innovations have been developed and implemented. These innovations take into consideration unique circumstances in countries such as multiple government levels, belief in traditional medicine, limited access to medical supplies and others. This paper describes the various strategies developed in African countries across leadership and coordination, surveillance, laboratory capacity, case management, infection, prevention and control, risk communications, points of entry, research, logistics and supply chain, partnership, food security and education. We highlight the impact of these strategies on the response so far, and lessons that other regions across the world can learn from Africa's response to COVID-19. Finally, we recommend the urgent need for increased investment in African health and social institutions to enable the development of African-owned and led strategies in response to disease outbreaks.
Is Screening With Magnetic Resonance Imaging in BRCA Mutation Carriers a Safe and Effective Alternative to Prophylactic Mastectomy?
Authors: Monika L. Burness, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Currently, many North American cooperative groups are limiting follow-up in adjuvant trials to 10 years or less because of budgetary constraints.Thus, more economic and perhaps more powerful techniques to seek these long-term end points should be explored without delay so that we may best advise women with respect to the optimal choice of long-term therapy for breast cancer.Innovative methods to continue and augment such follow-up must be developed, prioritized, and funded if important results such as those reported by Hackshaw et al 1 are to be confirmed and incorporated into practice.