tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RESULTS FROM THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF BRACHIAL BIRTH PALSY.
Authors: ALFRED S. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>WITH A NOTE ON THE PATHOLOGY BY DR. T. P. PROUT.</h3><h3>ETIOLOGY.</h3> The surgical treatment of brachial birth palsy rests on the pathologic lesion, and this, in turn, for its type and distribution, depends on the etiologic factor at work. In a publication on this subject<sup>1</sup>it was shown as a result of twenty dissections and many experiments on infantile cadavers, that tension (overstretching) of the nerve roots of the brachial plexus was the essential causative factor of this lesion. Observations of the lesions in the series of nine operative cases led to the same conclusion. The roots give way from above downward. This overstretching is caused only by pulling the head and shoulder away from each other, i. e., pulling on the shoulders to deliver the after-coming head in breech cases or pulling on the head when the shoulders are obstructed in vertex cases. After this study had been
Citizens' advice in general practice. Patients benefit from advice.
Authors: T Veitch, A Terry
Journal: BMJ (1993)

the 120 experienced young patients interviewed, 13 (aged 8 to 15 years) said that they were the "main decider" about proposed surgery, and their parents agreed.Health professionals discussed the wish of certain children, aged from 7 years, to refuse or postpone treatment.This was respected in cases of proposed surgical leg lengthening, spinal fusion for scoliosis, amputation (of toes), heart-lung transplantation, and growth hormone treatment.Articles reporting empirical studies of child patients' decision making are more likely to further the spirit of the 1989 Children Act than is abstract debate.They would help to ensure that clinical practice is not unduly influenced by retiring judges, and that legal judgments are influenced by reasonable doctors3 in daily contact with young patients.
Oral manifestations of Crohn's disease.
Authors: P Asquith, R A Thompson, W T Cooke
Journal: Gut (1975)

In a systematic study of 100 patients with Crohn's disease, 100 with ulcerative colitis, and of 100 normal subjects matched for age, sex, and denture status, nine patients with Crohn's disease, two with ulcerative colitis, and one normal control were found to have oral lesions. In Crohn's disease, the macroscopic and histological appearances resembled those encountered elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract and their incidence was related to the activity of the disorder. The lesions in the other two groups were different macroscopically and histologically. Production of salivary IgA was found to be reduced in Crohn's patients with active bowel disease. It is suggested that the occurrence of oral lesions in patients with Crohn's disease might represent a local immunological reaction to oral antigens.
Review: Stenting increases stroke but decreases periprocedural MI compared with endarterectomy in carotid artery disease
Authors: Mark J. Alberts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Murad MH, Shahrour A, Shah ND, Montori VM, Ricotta JJ. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials of carotid endarterectomy vs stenting. J Vasc Surg. 2011;53:792-7. 21216556
Esophageal Function in Collagen Disease.
Authors: R. Turner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Esophageal Function in Collagen Disease.R. Turner, M.D., W. Lipshutz, M.D., A. Tuck, M.D., W. Miller, M.D., R. Schumacher, M.D., S. Cohen, M.D.R. Turner, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. Lipshutz, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. Tuck, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. Miller, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. Schumacher, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, S. Cohen, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-835_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis is the first prospective study comparing the diagnostic accuracy of cineradiography and infused intraluminal manometry in approximately equal numbers of patients with scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis. Major criteria for inclusion of patients were as follows: scleroderma, characteristic generalized skin and visceral lesions; polymyositis, proximal muscle weakness and characteristic biopsy, rash, or electromyogram; SLE, positive antinuclear factor with several of the following—polyarthritis, butterfly rash, unexplained nephritis, or polyserositis; and rheumatoid arthritis, classical disease as diagnosed by American Rheumatism Association criteria. No patients had dysphagia at the time of evaluation. After classification, esophageal manometry and cineradiography... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: R. Turner, M.D.; W. Lipshutz, M.D.; A. Tuck, M.D.; W. Miller, M.D.; R. Schumacher, M.D.; S. Cohen, M.D.Affiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5 Page: 835-835 Keywords Electromyography Lesions Lupus erythematosus Muscles Nephritis Polymyositis Prospective studies Rashes Rheumatoid arthritis Scleroderma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Rebuilding After Disaster
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In vitro fertilisation: legislation and problems of research.
Authors: K Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The Australian Infertility (Medical Procedures) Act 1984 was proclaimed in 1986 in the state of Victoria, along with its monitoring body, the Standing Review and Advisory Committee. The legislation is based on the recommendations of the Waller Committee and is the first in the world to regulate in vitro fertilization and research on embryos. A research officer at Monash University's Centre for Human Bioethics examines the effects of this legislation on current research in Victoria involving the freezing of ova to be thawed and fertilized in vitro; microinjection of a single sperm into an ovum; embryo biopsy for detection of defects; and in vitro fertilization programs. Interpretation of the current legislation will dictate the future of experimentation on embryos, placing the responsibility for answering questions of pregnancy loss, embryo development, and differentiation with the Standing Review and Advisory Committee, not with researchers.
Impaction of a gallstone into the duodenal wall
Authors: I. Papanikolaou, D. Polymeros, C. Kontopoulou, D. Chatzilia, K. Triantafyllou
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Complications of asymptomatic gallstone disease are generally rare, with an incidence of < 1 % per year. One of the most unusual complications of cholelithiasis is the formation of cholecystoduodenal fistula [1] [2]. These fistulas are usually asymptomatic and diagnosed intraoperatively, but they can present with profound symptoms, including sepsis or biliary ileus (a condition known as Bouveret syndrome) [1] [2] [3]. When the condition is clinically suspected, the diagnosis can be confirmed using a variety of radiological and endoscopic tests [3]. Prognosis depends on timely recognition and present of co-morbid conditions. Management should be tailored to the individual patient, and therapeutic options include endoscopic techniques and surgery, however, there may be a high risk of mortality, especially in complicated cases or in elderly patients [1] [3] [4]. Therefore, early recognition of this rare complication is vital for careful selection of the treatment modalities which will guarantee increased survival. We report a case of cholecystoduodenal fistula with impaction of a gallstone into the duodenal wall in a patient with an otherwise asymptomatic cholelithiasis.
Treatment of Gonorrhea
Authors: Franklyn N. Judson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Penicillin G procaine with probenecid, or doxycycline, or spectinomycin, or ampicillin with probenecid were used in the treatment of 1,238 men and women with gonorrhea. Of these, 718 returned for reculture. Recurrences of this disease in men as demonstrated by positive culture were as follows: after penicillin G procaine with probenecid therapy, 10%; doxycycline, 15%; spectinomycin, 10%; and ampicillin with probenecid, 10%. Recurrences in women were 1%, 4%, 2%, and 5%, respectively. Most recurrences in men were probably caused by reinfection. Comparison of strains isolated during 1971 with strains from 1973 did not indicate a trend toward increasing resistance. A strong correlation between resistance to penicillin G procaine and resistance to doxycycline and spectinomycin was shown for 83 randomly selected strains. (<i>JAMA</i>230:705-708, 1974)
Abstract 524: Analysis of long non-coding RNA expression and function in a mouse model of glioblastoma
Authors: Chad Myskiw, Sabah Kadri, Eugene Ke, Alex Shishkin, Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski, Yasushi Soda, Mitchell Guttman, Inder Verma
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult brain tumor and represents one of the most treatment refractory cancers. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the coding genomic alterations associated with GBM, patient survival rarely exceeds 12-14 months following diagnosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA species generally classified as &amp;gt; 200 base-pairs in length that lack protein coding potential and therefore exert their function as RNA. Several lncRNAs have been shown to play important roles in cancer biology. Despite this, the role of lncRNAs in cancer, and GBM in particular, remains relatively uncharacterized. We hypothesize that lncRNAs are differentially expressed in GBM and contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. Using next generation sequencing, we have identified lncRNAs expressed in our mouse model of GBM, initiated by lentivirus-mediated expression of oncogenic Ras and a shRNA targeting p53. This resulted in the identification of 818 putative lncRNAs, the majority of which represent novel, uncharacterized transcripts. The majority of the lncRNAs identified were intergenic and not associated with any known protein coding gene. Of the total lncRNAs, 44% were differentially expressed in tumor tissue compared to normal mouse brain. Expression of a subset of these differentially expressed lncRNAs was validated by real-time PCR. Expression of several of these validated lncRNAs could be altered by direct activation of oncogenic signaling in normal mouse neuroprogenitor cells and astrocytes. Using a combination of computational and molecular biology approaches, we will identify candidate lncRNAs to test in functional assays for their role in glioblastoma biology. Citation Format: Chad Myskiw, Sabah Kadri, Eugene Ke, Alex Shishkin, Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski, Yasushi Soda, Mitchell Guttman, Inder Verma. Analysis of long non-coding RNA expression and function in a mouse model of glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 524. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-524
Thyroid cancer: zealous imaging has increased detection and treatment of low risk tumours
Authors: J. P. Brito, J. C. Morris, V. M. Montori
Journal: BMJ (2013)

#### Summary box

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy.1 Worldwide, its incidence has increased substantially over the past 50 years. The Cancer Incidence in Five Continents report showed …
Absorption of sodium and water by human rectum measured by a dialysis method
Authors: C. J. Edmonds
Journal: Gut (1971)

A dialysis method for the study of intestinal absorption is described. Its use has been assessed in animals and normal human subjects and it has been applied to the measurement of rectal transport of sodium and water.When the luminal solution was of high sodium concentration (145 m-equiv/1), the sodium influx rate (lumen to plasma) was about five times greater than the sodium efflux rate (plasma to lumen). The luminal sodium concentration associated with zero net sodium flux was very low (<15 m-equiv/1). As the mucosa was charged with the luminal side negative, the epithelium must therefore possess a powerful sodium absorbing ;pump'. With isotonic solutions in the lumen, the amount of water absorbed depended on the sodium concentration and when this was 30 m-equiv/1 or less, no significant water absorption was detectable. When, however, water absorption was altered by imposing osmotic gradients, sodium absorption was not significantly affected. The luminal solution tended to become issomolar with plasma; osmotic gradients across the epithelium did not develop. The particular transport properties of rectal epithelium enabling it to remove sodium from the lumen against considerable electrochemical gradients are well adapted to its function.
Primary Care in the Future
Authors: Nikitas J. Zervanos
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To  Editor.  —I agree with Dr Budetti's assertion that the federal policy toward primary care often seems hopelessly inconsistent.1 Nearly 30 years ago,  American Medical Association authorized a group of prominent citizens outside medicine to take a look at our medical education system and how it might be more responsive to America's health care needs.2This citizens' commission proposed, among other policy changes,  creation of a new specialist who could more effectively assure  American people comprehensive health care services, and make it easier for people to enter  health care system.2  It was predicted that there would be resistance from some quarters of  academic medical community, and although nearly 85% of our medical schools have departments or divisions of family practice, to this day, 15% do not. Well, it took nearly 50 years for  recommendations of  Flexner report to be fully
Pearson's correlation coefficient
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers investigated the relation between the number of involuntary admissions (detentions) for mental disorders a year under the Mental Health Act 1983 and the number of NHS psychiatric beds each year in England. They used hospital episode statistics from 1996 to 2006 in a retrospective analysis. For each year they obtained the number of available NHS psychiatric beds—defined as those beds for patients with mental disorders or learning disabilities—and the number of involuntary admissions for mental disorders in NHS hospital and private facilities combined.1

It was reported that the number of NHS psychiatric beds fell in each successive year and that overall from 1996 to 2006 the number had decreased by 29%. A significant correlation existed between the number of psychiatric NHS beds each year and the combined number of involuntary admissions for mental disorders to NHS and private facilities under the Mental Health Act 1983 (Pearson correlation coefficient r =−0.94 (P<0.001)).

Which of the following statements, if any, are true?

Statements a and b are true, while c and d are false.

The Pearson correlation coefficient measures the strength of linear association between two variables (statement a is true)—in the …
Restoration of lymphoid organ integrity through the interaction of lymphoid tissue–inducer cells with stroma of the T cell zone
Authors: Elke Scandella, Beatrice Bolinger, Evelyn Lattmann, Simone Miller, Stéphanie Favre, Dan R Littman, Daniela Finke, Sanjiv A Luther, Tobias Junt, Burkhard Ludewig
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
Radiation Therapy
Authors: Luther W. Brady
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In the interval from 1948 through 1964, 34 patients with carcinoma of the ureter were seen. Six of these patients were referred for radiation therapy. Of this number, two received postoperative radiotherapy following biopsy of nonresectable tumor, two received postoperative radiotherapy for extensive regional disease where complete surgical extirpation was not possible, and two received radiotherapy for proved recurrences of disease. Significant periods with the patient free from disease can be obtained when adequate radiation dosages are employed, with three of five patients surviving five years without evidence of recurrence. Radiation therapy should be employed in those patients in whom only biopsy is possible, for those patients with extensive regional disease where surgical extirpation is not complete, and for recurrences following definitive surgical management.
THE SOMATIC SIGNS OF BRAIN SYPHILIS.
Authors: HUGH T. PATRICK
Journal: JAMA (1901)

This paper takes no cognizance of inherited syphilis or of the degenerative diseases in some way caused by specific infection, but is limited to the signs of histologically definable specific invasion of the brain. Before entering upon the details of my subject, I beg indulgence while I enunciate half a dozen postulates relating to the clinical history and more general symptomatology of cerebral lues, which seem to me so important as to be inevitable as a preface. Brain syphilis is most frequent in the first year after infection, next most frequent in the second year, less frequent in the third year and so on, about 50 per cent. of all cases occurring within three years after the primary sore. After ten years of quiescence, therefore, the appearance of cerebral syphilis is exceptional. In reaching a diagnosis of a brain case, absence of a history of specific infection should
Robert Kenneth Roddie
Authors: Ian Roddie, Hamish Thomson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

​FormerFormer consultant ear, nose, and throat surgeon Bristol (b Portadown, Northern Ireland, 1923; q Belfast 1946; FRCS), died from acute myocardial ischaemia on 29 February 2004. After training in Belfast Kenneth moved to London, and in 1960 was appointed consultant ear, nose, and throat surgeon at Southmead and Frenchay hospitals, Bristol. He was later head of the department of otology, rhinology, and laryngology at Bristol University and consultant in charge of the Bristol Hearing and Speech Centre. In addition he was a consultant aurist to Civil Service commissioners. He retired from the NHS in 1990 but continued in private practice. Predeceased by his wife, Anne, he leaves three children and five grandchildren.




Figure 1
Calcified Guinea Worm Simulating Intrapulmonary Calcification
Authors: M. C. Reinhard
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The PATTERN of diseases seen in Saudi Arabia is such that certain diagnostic pitfalls are encountered, which are apt to be both interesting and initially confusing to a radiologist trained in the United States. An outstanding example of this occurs in the evaluation of pulmonary calcification.  During the past two years several cases were encountered in the Radiology Service of the Dhahran Health Center of the Arabian American Oil Company, in which calcifications noted on a standard posteroanterior chest film were seen upon further investigation to actually lie within the soft tissues of the chest wall. These have an appearance which is identical with calcified guinea worms (Dracuncu-lus medinensis) seen elsewhere in the body (notably the lower extremities), and it was apparent that the calcifications noted on the chest films were also calcified subcutaneous guinea worms.  Report of Case  A young, apparently healthy adult Saudi Arab male was noted
Troglitazone inhibits tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Jun Yu, Liang Qiao, Lars Zimmermann, Matthias P. A. Ebert, Hongxia Zhang, Wendy Lin, Christoph Röcken, Peter Malfertheiner, Geoffrey C. Farrell
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has been implicated in the differentiation and growth inhibition of cancer cells. We examined the effects of PPARγ activation by troglitazone on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. We also studied relationships between PPARγ activation and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Human HCC cell lines Huh7 and Hep3B were cultured in the presence or absence of troglitazone. Cell growth was determined via WST-1 assay, proliferation by cell cycle analysis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) Western blotting, and apoptosis by flow cytometry and TUNEL. Tumor growth after subcutaneous implantation of Huh7 cells in nude mice was monitored, and the effects of treatment with troglitazone were determined. In resected HCCs, PPARγ expression was less compared with the histologically normal surrounding liver. In cultures of Hep3B and Huh7 cells, basal expression of PPARγ was relatively low, but troglitazone caused dose-dependent induction of PPARγ expression. Cell cycle analysis revealed a decreased proportion of cells in S phase, with arrest at G0/G1. Concomitant downregulation of PCNA and an increase in TUNEL staining, cells were consistent with decreased proliferation and induction of apoptosis by troglitazaone. Troglitazone-mediated PPARγ activation also suppressed COX-2 expression and induced p27 in HCC cells. Administration of troglitazone to Huh7 tumor-bearing mice significantly reduced tumor growth and caused tumor regression. In conclusion, collectively, these results indicate that PPARγ could be a regulator of cell survival and growth in HCC. PPARγ therefore represents a putative molecular target for chemopreventive therapy or inhibition of liver cancer growth.. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;43:134–143.)
Christmas cracker or duogastrone symptoms.
Authors: C. C. Evans, J. B. Ridyard
Journal: BMJ (1969)

colleges, Ludhiana, takes in an equal number of men and women medical students, and for its 50 places this year had 2,400 applications, a steadily rising number over the paist six years.-Iam, etc., E. GERARD HOUSDEN.London S.W.19.Abbreviations SIR,-I should like to support most strongly the plea by