tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coexpression of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins, platelet-derived growth factor-B, and fibroblast growth factor-1 in situ in synovial tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Lewis rats with adjuvant or streptococcal cell wall arthritis.
Authors: H Sano, K Engleka, P Mathern, T Hla, L J Crofford, E F Remmers, C L Jelsema, E Goldmuntz, T Maciag, R L Wilder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1 and PDGF-B-like factors have been implicated in the pathobiology of RA and animal models of this disease. Since the receptors for FGF-1 and PDGF are tyrosine kinases, we examined the expression of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins (phosphotyrosine, P-Tyr) in synovial tissues from patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA), and rats with streptococcal cell wall (SCW) and adjuvant arthritis (AA). Synovia from patients with RA and LEW/N rats with SCW and AA arthritis, in contrast to controls, stained intensely with anti-P-Tyr antibody. The staining colocalized with PDGF-B and FGF-1 staining. Comparative immunoblot analysis showed markedly enhanced expression of a 45-kD P-Tyr protein in the inflamed synovia. Treatment with physiological concentrations of dexamethasone suppressed both arthritis and P-Tyr expression in AA. P-Tyr was only transiently expressed in athymic nude Lewis rats and was not detected in relatively arthritis-resistant F344/N rats. These data suggest that (a) FGF-1 and PDGF-B-like factors are upregulated and may induce tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in vivo in inflammatory joint diseases, (b) persistent high level P-Tyr expression is T lymphocyte dependent, correlates with disease severity, and is strain dependent in rats, (c) corticosteroids, in physiological concentrations, downregulate P-Tyr expression in these lesions.
Throwing workload and injury risk in elite cricketers
Authors: Richard Saw, Rebecca J Dennis, David Bentley, Patrick Farhart
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

To investigate the risk between throwing workload and upper limb injury in elite cricketers.Prospective cohort study.Elite Australian cricket.28 adult male cricketers aged 18-32 years.Daily throwing workload and injury were prospectively monitored over the 2007-2008 cricket season. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated to describe the association between throwing workload and injury.Upper limb injury associated with throwing.Seven (25%) players sustained an injury during the season. Injured players threw approximately 40 more throws/week (p=0.004) and 12.5 more throws per throwing day (p=0.061) than uninjured players. Players were at a significantly increased risk of injury if they completed more than 75 throws/week (RR=1.73, 95% CI=1.03 to 2.92), and there was a trend towards an increased risk if they completed more than 40 throws per throwing day (RR=1.41, 95% CI=0.88 to 2.26). Injured players also completed more throws and had more throwing days (and consequently less rest days) in the week before injury, as compared with the rest of their season preceding that point.An increased throwing workload is a risk factor for the development of upper limb injury in elite cricketers. Investigation of the kinematics of throwing in elite cricketers would complement this study, and further research is required to develop detailed throwing workload guidelines for cricketers across a range of ages.
Remarks on Codeia in the Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: R. S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1882)

IN alluding to the subject of diabetes, one cannot forget what has been done by experimental physiology to place the disease on a true scientific basis: the discovery of glycogen by Bernard, and the demonstration of the connection of glycosuria with vaso-motor paralysis of the liver and with irritation of the vaso-motor centre in the medulla oblongata, are the foundations for a scientific treatment of the disease.The
Patchy appraisals are undermining efforts to introduce revalidation
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The quality and variety of appraisals currently experienced by doctors around the United Kingdom is delaying the already overdue process of introducing revalidation for clinicians, MPs have been told.

MPs on the parliamentary select committee on health asked doctors’ representatives on 4 November their opinion of the ongoing effort to introduce revalidation—the process by which doctors demonstrate to the General Medical Council on a regular basis that they are up to date and fit to practise.

Pilots are taking place in London and West Yorkshire, but in June the Department of Health for England decided to extend piloting so that revalidation will not now be fully implemented until 2012 at the …
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Expression and Invasive Phenotype in Ovarian Carcinomas
Authors: Masatsugu Ueda, Yao-Ching Hung, Yoshito Terai, Koji Kanda, Masanori Kanemura, Hikari Futakuchi, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Daisuke Akise, Masayuki Yasuda, Minoru Ueki
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the biological correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C expression and invasive phenotype in ovarian carcinomas. Experimental Design: Gene and protein expression levels of VEGF-C in 10 ovarian carcinoma cell lines were correlated with invasive activity of the cells. The correlation between immunohistochemical expression of VEGF-C and tumor aggressiveness in 73 ovarian carcinomas was also examined with respect to clinicopathologic features and patient outcome. Results: VEGF-C gene and protein expression differed remarkably among the cell lines, and there was a statistical correlation among VEGF-C expression, in vitro invasive activity, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene expression and its activity. Anti-VEGF-C and anti-MMP-2 antibodies inhibited the invasive activity of tumor cells. VEGF-C expression in clinical tissue samples was well correlated with clinical stages, retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, MMP-2 expression, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and low apoptotic index (AI). The patients whose tumors had strong VEGF-C expression and low AI underwent a poorer prognosis than did those with weak VEGF-C expression and high AI. Conclusion: VEGF-C expression is closely related to invasive phenotype and affects the patient's survival in ovarian carcinomas.
Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced asthma and rhinitis in Mexican children
Authors: J. De Batlle, J. Garcia‐Aymerich, A. Barraza‐Villarreal, J. M. Antó, I. Romieu
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Diet during pregnancy and childhood has been suggested to play an important role in children’s asthma risk. We assessed whether the adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern, for children in the last 12 months and their mothers during pregnancy, was associated with both childhood asthma and allergic rhinitis. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2004 using a random sample of 1476 children (6‐ to 7‐year old) from the Mexicali region, Mexico. Dietary data of children’s intake in the last 12 months and their mothers’ intake during pregnancy was collected, through a parental food frequency questionnaire. A Mediterranean diet score was computed [Trichopoulou et al., N Engl J Med 348 (2003), 2599]. Data on seven asthma and rhinitis‐related outcomes were obtained from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Results: Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was inversely associated with asthma ever (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.40–0.91), wheezing ever (0.64, 0.47–0.87), rhinitis ever (0.41, 0.22–0.77), sneezing ever (0.79, 0.59–1.07), current sneezing (0.71, 0.52–0.96) and current itchy‐watery eyes (0.63, 0.42–0.95). No associations were found using the mothers’ pregnancy diet score, except for current sneezing (0.71, 0.53–0.97). Conclusions: Our findings suggest a protective effect of following a healthy dietary pattern on asthma and allergic rhinitis in Mexican children.
Pre-Asiad '82 injuries in elite Indian athletes.
Authors: A Ahuja, A K Ghosh
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

Elite Indian athletes who were undergoing training at the NIS, Patiala for the preparation of IX Asian Games held in Delhi in 1982, suffered 317 injuries during the 14 months of training. Of the injuries 64 per cent were observed in males, while 36 per cent were observed in females. Most of the injuries seen were in the lower limbs (59.2 per cent) and when classified according to the tissues involved, most of the trauma was seen in ligaments (38 per cent). Female sprinters and male throwers contributed most injuries. On average, each athlete sustained three injuries during the total training period by which 50 days of training was lost in nursing various kinds of injuries. Preventive measures of lower limb injuries, vigorous treatment for athletes preparing for a competition and maintenance of cardiorespiratory fitness during treatment is an important task of sports physicians and coaches.
Mitochondrial Genomes and Avian Phylogeny: Complex Characters and Resolvability without Explosive Radiations
Authors: G. C. Gibb, O. Kardailsky, R. T. Kimball, E. L. Braun, D. Penny
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

We improve the taxon sampling for avian phylogeny by analyzing 7 new mitochondrial genomes (a toucan, woodpecker, osprey, forest falcon, American kestrel, heron, and a pelican). This improves inference of the avian tree, and it supports 3 major conclusions. The first is that some birds (including a parrot, a toucan, and an osprey) exhibit a complete duplication of the control region (CR) meaning that there are at least 4 distinct gene orders within birds. However, it appears that there are regions of continued gene conversion between the duplicate CRs, resulting in duplications that can be stable for long evolutionary periods. Because of this stable duplicated state, gene order can eventually either revert to the original order or change to the new gene order. The existence of this stable duplicate state explains how an apparently unlikely event (finding the same novel gene order) can arise multiple times. Although rare genomic changes have theoretical advantages for tree reconstruction, they can be compromised if these apparently rare events have a stable intermediate state. Secondly, the toucan and woodpecker improve the resolution of the 6-way split within Neoaves that has been called an "explosive radiation." An explosive radiation implies that normal microevolutionary events are insufficient to explain the observed macroevolution. By showing the avian tree is, in principle, resolvable, we demonstrate that the radiation of birds is amenable to standard evolutionary analysis. Thirdly, and as expected from theory, additional taxa breaking up long branches stabilize the position of some problematic taxa (like the falcon). In addition, we report that within the birds of prey and allies, we did not find evidence pairing New World vultures with storks or accipitrids (hawks, eagles, and osprey) with Falconids.
Haematometra due to Stenosis of Cervix after Labour
Authors: F. S. Tait
Journal: BMJ (1945)

CERVIX MEDICATLIJUUAL school age were the same in both per:ods.The relative im- portance of violence during childhood increased for boys but not for girls.Violent deaths at ages 5-9 and 10-14 formed 17.0 and 18.0% of all deaths among boys and 9.5 and 7.2% among girls.Conclusion This short survey shows that since 1920 there has been a large -fall in mortality during childhood, in which practically every cause of death shared, but it is evident that there is room for considerable improvement.The mortality level of diphtheria and violence showed an unnecessary and persistent wastage of child life.Although the infant mortality rate was lower than that of the highly industrialized countries of Europc, it was higher than in several other countries.This fact and the regional social class mortality of England and Wales suggest that the pre-war rate for the whole country could be reduced, probably by one-half.
Attention, Memory, and Motor Skills as Childhood Predictors of Schizophrenia-Related Psychoses: The New York High-Risk Project
Authors: L. Erlenmeyer-Kimling, Donald Rock, Simone A. Roberts, Malvin Janal, Clarice Kestenbaum, Barbara Cornblatt, Ulla Hilldoff Adamo, Irving I. Gottesman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

Childhood neurobehavioral deficits in offspring of schizophrenic, affectively ill, and psychiatrically normal parents were evaluated as predictors of schizophrenia-related psychoses in adulthood.The offspring were tested with neurobehavioral measures at 7-12 years of age and assessed in mid-adulthood for axis I diagnoses. The relationships of childhood deficits in attention, verbal memory, and gross motor skills to adulthood schizophrenia-related psychoses were examined in separate path analyses by using logistic regression equations. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for each of the childhood dysfunctions.For the offspring of schizophrenic parents, childhood deficits in verbal memory, gross motor skills, and attention identified 83%, 75%, and 58%, respectively, of the subjects with schizophrenia-related psychoses; 50% were identified by all three variables combined. False positive rates in subjects who did not develop schizophrenia-related psychoses ranged from 18% for those with deficits in attention during childhood to 28% for those with deficits in memory. The three variables had low deficit rates in the offspring of the other two parental groups and were not associated with other psychiatric disorders in any group.Schizophrenia-related psychoses in adulthood are distinguished in subjects at risk for schizophrenia by childhood deficits in verbal memory, gross motor skills, and attention. The findings suggest that deficits in these variables are relatively specific to schizophrenia risk and may be indicators of the genetic liability to schizophrenia.
Drivers of violent conflict
Authors: M. Kett, M. Rowson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

At the launch, held in the CabinetWar Rooms, the then Secretary of State for InternationalDevelopment, Hilary Benn, outlined the links between theprevention of violent conﬂict and the alleviation of poverty,international security and protection of basic human rightsfor all.The impact of violent conﬂict on health is evident. Incountries affected by conﬂict, health systems are destroyedand take years to regenerate. The effects of the conﬂict andensuing poverty are demonstrable across indicators such asmaternal and child mortality rates, nutrition and infectiousdiseases. Displaced populations suffer high rates ofmortality, particularly in the early stages of displacement;communicable diseases and psychological distress arecommonplace, as are injuries from antipersonnel mines,ﬁrearms and other violent acts. Understanding the causes ofviolent conﬂict and working towards prevention is animportant part of promoting health at a global level.
Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Transcription Factor Nfatp Controls Superantigen-Induced Lethal Shock
Authors: Alla V. Tsytsykova, Anne E. Goldfeld
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is the key mediator of superantigen-induced T cell lethal shock. Here, we show that nuclear factor of activated T cells transcription factor, NFATp, controls susceptibility to superantigen-induced lethal shock in mice through its activation of TNF-α gene transcription. In NFATp-deficient mice, T cell stimulation leads to delayed induction and attenuation of TNF-α mRNA levels, decreased TNF-α serum levels, and resistance to superantigen-induced lethal shock. By contrast, after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, serum levels of TNF-α and susceptibility to shock are unaffected. These results demonstrate that NFATp is an essential activator of immediate early TNF-α gene expression in T cells and they present in vivo evidence of the inducer- and cell type–specific regulation of TNF-α gene expression. Furthermore, they suggest NFATp as a potential selective target in the treatment of superantigen-induced lethal shock.
ANAEMIA IN CAPD AND HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: C.G. Winearls, C.O.S. Savage, D.B.G. Oliviera, K. Midgley, Alberto Cantaluppi, Antonio Scalamogna, Claudia Castelnovo, Giorgio Graziani, Claudio Ponticelli, G.P. Summerfield, A.J. Bellingham, H.J. Goldsmith
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Severity of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus disease in different strains of suckling mice correlates with increasing amounts of endogenous interferon.
Authors: Y Rivière, I Gresser, J C Guillon, M T Bandu, P Ronco, L Morel-Maroger, P Verroust
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

A marked difference was observed in the severity of disease in lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus-infected suckling BALB/c, Swiss, and C3H mice. BALB/c mice had minimal liver lesions and none died, whereas C3H mice had extensive liver lesions and all mice died. An intermediate pattern was oberved for Swiss mice (36% mortality). Although there was no difference in the titers of LCM virus in the plasma or liver between these three strains of mice, there was a marked difference in the amount of interferon produced and the duration of interferonemia. C3H mice produced more interferon than Swiss mice which produced more interferon than BALB/c mice, indicating a direct correlation between the amount of interferon induced by LCM virus and the extent of disease. Inoculation of a potent anti-mouse interferon globulin markedly reduced the incidence of mortality in virus-infected C3H mice. BALB/c mice were as sensitive to the effects of interferon as C3H mice because daily administration of potent interferon preparations did induce disease in this strain. This ensemble of results supports our contention that endogenous interferon is in large part responsible for the manifestaions of acute LCM virus disease in suckling mice.
Interrupted Aortic Arch
Authors: Marshall L. Jacobs, Alvin J. Chin, Jack Rychik, James M. Steven, Susan C. Nicolson, William I. Norwood
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Interrupted aortic arch (IAA) is often related developmentally to subaortic obstruction (SAO). When severe, SAO must be addressed in surgical management of IAA. From 1990 to 1993, 25 neonates presented for initial surgical management of IAA complexes. Associated lesions were ventricular septal defect (VSD) with or without atrial septal defect (19 patients), truncus arteriosus (3 patients), tricuspid atresia with transposition of the great arteries (1 patient), aortic atresia with VSD (1 patient), and d-transposition of the great arteries with VSD (1 patient). Overall hospital mortality was 20% (five deaths). One death was related to sepsis and two to sudden hemodynamic decompensation (a 2-kg premature infant after arch repair and VSD closure and a neonate with IAA-truncus arteriosus after arch repair and truncus repair with aortic root replacement). Two deaths were related to low cardiac output in patients with severe subaortic narrowing (< 3 mm by two-dimensional echocardiography), which was not addressed surgically. Of 10 additional patients judged preoperatively to have severe SAO, 1 underwent resection of the infundibular septum together with VSD closure and arch reconstruction, and 9 underwent a modification of Norwood's operation with arch reconstruction and proximal pulmonary artery to aortic anastomosis (7 with systemic to pulmonary artery shunts and 2 with right ventricle to pulmonary artery outflow tract reconstruction). One patient died 2 months after surgery of staphylococcal sepsis. All 9 others were discharged well. Subaortic narrowing is a physiologically important element of IAA complexes. When SAO is severe, satisfactory initial palliation can be achieved by a modification of Norwood's operation.
Evaluation of the efficacy of cysteamine 5% cream in the treatment of epidermal melasma: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: P. Mansouri, S. Farshi, Z. Hashemi, B. Kasraee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Melasma is a difficult-to-treat hyperpigmentary disorder. While cysteamine is a known potent depigmenting agent, its efficacy in treating melasma has not been tested.To study the efficacy of cysteamine 5% cream in the treatment of patients with epidermal melasma.In this double-blind randomized study, participating patients (n = 50) received either placebo (n = 25) or cysteamine cream (n = 25). Cysteamine cream or placebo were applied on the lesions once a day at bedtime over 4 months. The efficacy of treatments was determined through Mexameter skin colorimetry, Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) score, Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) and patients' questionnaires, all performed at baseline and after 2 and 4 months of treatment.At baseline, the mean differences between pigmented and normal skin (calculated by Mexameter) were 75.2 ± 37 and 68.9 ± 31 in the cysteamine and placebo groups, respectively. After 2 and 4 months of application of cysteamine and placebo cream, the mean differences were 39.7 ± 16.6 and 26.2 ± 16 in the cysteamine group, and 63.8 ± 28.6 and 60.7 ± 27.3 in the placebo group, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between the group outcomes at both points (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001). At the end of the treatment, the MASI scores were significantly lower in the cysteamine group vs. placebo (7.2 ± 5.5 vs. 11.6 ± 7.9, P = 0.02). The IGA and patients' viewpoints indicated significant efficacy of cysteamine cream vs. placebo.Cysteamine cream showed significant efficacy in the treatment of melasma.
Interleukin 2 modulates ion secretion and cell proliferation in cultured human small intestinal enterocytes
Authors: E V O'Loughlin, G P Pang, R Noltorp, C Koina, R Batey, R Clancy
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>AIMS</h3> To determine if interleukin 2 (IL-2) alters epithelial transport and barrier function in cultured human small intestinal enterocytes. <h3>METHODS</h3> Confluent monolayers of small intestinal cells derived from duodenal biopsies were treated with IL-2 0.2–50 U/ml for 24 hours prior to study. Transport measurements were performed under short circuited conditions in Ussing chambers, with and without the secretagogues forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine (IBMX). Serosal to mucosal flux of<sup>3</sup>[H] mannitol (permeability) and <sup>3</sup>[H] thymidine uptake (proliferation) were measured. IL-2 receptor and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mRNA were identified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). <h3>RESULTS</h3> IL-2 did not alter baseline electrical parameters but caused a significant increase in cAMP dependent chloride secretion. The effect was mediated by the IL-2 receptor and paralleled a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation, janus kinase 1, and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) 1, 3, and 5. IL-2 significantly increased proliferation but at a lower dose than observed for enhanced secretion but did not alter permeability. IL-2 receptor β and γc chains and CFTR mRNA were identified by RT-PCR. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> IL-2 treatment enhances cAMP stimulated chloride secretion and cellular proliferation in a human small intestinal cell line expressing a functional IL-2 receptor.