tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of dietary fat, apolipoprotein E phenotype, and sex on plasma lipoprotein levels.
Authors: M M Cobb, H Teitlebaum, N Risch, J Jekel, A Ostfeld
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND The "Western" diet, sex, and apolipoprotein (Apo) E polymorphism have been implicated as codeterminants of lipid levels. METHODS AND RESULTS In a retrospective analysis, we evaluated the combined impact of dietary fat, sex, and Apo E phenotype on lipoprotein levels in 67 subjects fed two contrasting, metabolically controlled diets: one a "Western" diet, with a low polyunsaturated to saturated (P:S) fatty acid ratio and the other a "therapeutic" diet, with a high P:S ratio. The high P:S diet compared with P:S diet exerted a far stronger predictive influence on lipoprotein concentrations than Apo E phenotype, sex, or the latter two factors combined. Apo E phenotype alone was associated with a stepwise increase in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), such that 3/2 less than 3/3 less than 4/3 on either the low or the high P:S diets. On the low P:S diet only, sex was shown to be a significant predictor of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, with women greater than men, and the associated LDL/HDL ratio with men greater than women. On the high P:S diet, women displayed a dramatic fall in HDL-C, effectively raising the LDL/HDL ratio to equivalency with men and obliterating the sex influence seen with the low P:S diet. Controlled for dietary fat, Apo E and sex exerted independent, additive effects on lipoprotein levels on the low P:S diet only. Only the Apo E phenotype remained predictive on the high P:S diet. CONCLUSIONS Women of the Apo E 3/2 phenotype stand to benefit the least from a high P:S diet because of reduction in the more "protective" HDL-C, whereas men of the 4/3 phenotype showed the greatest improvement in the LDL/HDL ratio.
Case of hepatosplenic ?? T-cell lymphoma presenting with severe hypersplenism
Authors: G�n�a?? Din�ol, Meliha Nal�aci, A. Selim Yavuz, H�seyin Keskin, Melih Aktan, �ner Do??an, Mehmet A??an, U??ur �zbek, Koray Din�ol
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)
Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography, Virtual Coloscopy and Endorectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Complicated Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Á. Szilvás, G. Székely, Z. Tarján, B. Fornet
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

The main abdominal complications of Crohn's disease are the strictures, fistulas and abscesses [1]. Perianal disease occurs in up to 90 % of patients with Crohn"s disease [2]. Endorectal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most sensitive methods for detecting fistulas and abscesses in Crohn's disease [3]. The use of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) can change clinical management in a variety of anorectal conditions [4]. We report a case of complicated Crohn's disease and its diagnosis by means of these new methods.
MyD88-dependent IL-1 receptor signaling is essential for gouty inflammation stimulated by monosodium urate crystals
Authors: C.-J. Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

While it is known that monosodium urate (MSU) crystals cause the disease gout, the mechanism by which these crystals stimulate this inflammatory condition has not been clear. Here we find that the Toll/IL-1R (TIR) signal transduction adaptor myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is required for acute gouty inflammation. In contrast, other TIR adaptor molecules, TIRAP/Mal, TRIF, and TRAM, are not required for this process. The MyD88-dependent TLR1, -2, -4, -6, -7, -9, and -11 and IL-18 receptor (IL-18R) are not essential for MSU-induced inflammation. Moreover, MSU does not stimulate HEK cells expressing TLR1–11 to activate NF-κB. In contrast, mice deficient in the MyD88-dependent IL-1R showed reduced inflammatory responses, similar to those observed in MyD88-deficient mice. Similarly, mice treated with IL-1 neutralizing antibodies also showed reduced MSU-induced inflammation, demonstrating that IL-1 production and IL-1R activation play essential roles in MSU-triggered inflammation. IL-1R deficiency in bone marrow–derived cells did not affect the inflammatory response; however, it was required in non–bone marrow–derived cells. These results indicate that IL-1 is essential for the MSU-induced inflammatory response and that the requirement of MyD88 in this process is primarily through its function as an adaptor molecule in the IL-1R signaling pathway.
Private Homes for Old People.
Authors: T. D. Crothers
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Hartford, Conn., November, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Some time ago I was asked to find a home for a worn-out physician who through death and changes was left alone in the world. He had a small income, and desired to go away among strangers where the past would be forgotten. I found the various old peoples' homes managed by churches and corporations, objectionable in many ways and lacking in the personality and sympathy so essential to many persons who have been active workers. The sanitariums and hospitals failed in this and other respects, and were neither cheerful or comfortable in their set rules and formalities. Private families who could furnish the proper accommodations could not receive single cases unless the prices paid were remunerative. This poor old physician was forced to enter a sanitarium, where he soon after died, neglected and alone. The same question has occurred again, and I
Stool Collection for Occult Blood Testing
Authors: Benjamin Littenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections15 August 1988Stool Collection for Occult Blood TestingBenjamin Littenberg, MDBenjamin Littenberg, MDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-4-347_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Clinical experience confirms the data of Ahlquist and colleagues (1) that patients find the process of stool collection for occult blood testing confusing, difficult, and distasteful. My practice has been to withhold the little wooden sticks and advise patients to dab a small amount of stool from the toilet paper directly onto the guaiac card. This method requires no additional materials (except those usually available at toilet-side). Although I admire the investigators' courage and ingenuity in tackling a dirty clinical research problem, I suggest that the solution has been right at hand all along....Reference1. Ahlquist D, Schwartz S, Isaacson J, and Ellefson M. A stool collection device: the first step in occult blood testing. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:609-12. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Benjamin Littenberg, MDAffiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center Palo Alto, CA 94306 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1988Volume 109, Issue 4Page: 347-347KeywordsHematologic tests ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 August 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
THREE CASES OF ACUTE INTUSSUSCEPTION IN THE SAME FAMILY
Authors: R. G. Riddell
Journal: BMJ (1903)

SIR FREDERTCK TREVES, in 'his Intestinal Obstruction" says: " More than two-thirds of all cases of volvulus of the intestine are instances of twist of the sigmoid flexure about its mesenteric axis," and..he quotes only one case of volvulus of
Evidence that calcineurin is rate-limiting for primary human lymphocyte activation.
Authors: T D Batiuk, L Kung, P F Halloran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Cyclosporine (CsA) is both a clinical immunosuppressive drug and a probe to dissect intracellular signaling pathways. In vitro, CsA inhibits lymphocyte gene activation by inhibiting the phosphatase activity of calcineurin (CN). In clinical use, CsA treatment inhibits 50-75% of CN activity in circulating leukocytes. We modeled this degree of CN inhibition in primary human leukocytes in vitro in order to study the effect of partial CN inhibition on the downstream signaling events that lead to gene activation. In CsA-treated leukocytes stimulated by calcium ionophore, the degree of reduction in CN activity was accompanied by a similar degree of inhibition of each event tested: dephosphorylation of nuclear factor of activated T cell proteins, nuclear DNA binding, activation of a transfected reporter gene construct, IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA accumulation, and IFN-gamma production. Furthermore, the degree of CN inhibition was reflected by a similar degree of reduction in lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-gamma production in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures. These data support the conclusion that CN activity is rate-limiting for the activation of primary human T lymphocytes. Thus, the reduction of CN activity observed in CsA-treated patients is accompanied by a similar degree of reduction in lymphocyte gene activation, and accounts for the immunosuppression observed.
The colour purple
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2009)

“Barney, Barney, Barney,” the children chant at 5 30 on a Saturday morning. It’s his purple skin, his shiny white teeth, fixed smile, and sycophantic friends—but most of all his nauseating singing voice and phoney sugary lyrics—that I object to. I have endured his presence in my house for years and suffered his music tapes on car journeys. I deeply resent Barney the dinosaur. And with early mornings come early nights. So usually I can stand only 10 minutes of Question Time ; bored by …
Tuberculosis in patients having dialysis.
Authors: D A Mitchison, G A Ellard
Journal: BMJ (1980)

attempt to avert this approaching crisis.As it is apparent that the National Health Service facilities are incapable of processing enough of of the voluntary donations from this country, surely we should explore the possibility of commercially successful private industries fractionating the material for the National Health Service.This approach would provide a glimmer of hope in what otherwise seems a very gloomy prospect.
Pioglitazone and vitamin E for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: A cost utility analysis
Authors: Suzanne E. Mahady, Germaine Wong, Jonathan C. Craig, Jacob George
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the commonest liver disease in developed countries. However, there are no current data on the cost-effectiveness of therapeutic options such as lifestyle modification, pioglitazone, or vitamin E. We undertook a cost utility analysis to compare these strategies. Using a third-party payer perspective, a deterministic Markov model was developed to compare costs and health benefits of lifestyle modification alone or with pioglitazone or vitamin E in a cohort of patients aged 50 years with biopsy-proven NASH and fibrosis level 3 or greater. We assumed an annual cycle length over a lifetime horizon. Probability and utility estimates were derived from a systematic literature review, and uncertainties in parameter estimates were tested using one- and two-way sensitivity analyses. Our outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), with $A50,000 or less considered cost-effective. In comparison with lifestyle modification alone, treatment with either pioglitazone or vitamin E in addition to lifestyle modification was cost-effective, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of $A2748 and $A8475 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, respectively. In a direct comparison, pioglitazone was more cost-effective than vitamin E (ICER $A2,056/QALY gained). Sensitivity analyses indicated that pioglitazone was not cost-effective if either the total drug cost was greater than $A16,000 per annum, or the annual probability of developing cirrhosis in advanced fibrosis was less than 2%.Our modeled analyses suggest that in patients with advanced fibrosis due to NASH, pharmacological treatment in addition to standard lifestyle modification is likely to be cost-effective.
The Urgent Need to Reduce Sodium Consumption
Authors: Stephen Havas, Barry D. Dickinson, Modena Wilson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sickle cell disease resulting from uniparental disomy in a child who inherited sickle cell trait
Authors: Jeffrey J. Swensen, Archana M. Agarwal, Jose M. Esquilin, Sabina Swierczek, Ajay Perumbeti, Dottie Hussey, Margaret Lee, Clinton H. Joiner, Genevieve Pont-Kingdon, Elaine Lyon, Josef T. Prchal
Journal: Blood (2010)
More about mast cells and fibrosis in porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: Henry N. Claman
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

We quantitated numbers of mast cells in the sclerotic skin noted on the dorsa of the hands of 10 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), and compared them with those of diffuse scleroderma and healthy controls. Mast cell counts in scleroderma and healthy controls. Mast cell counts in sclerodermoid skin of PCT patients were significantly greater than those in involved skin of 9 patients with diffuse scleroderma in its late stage and also greater than those in normal skin of 8 controls. When mast cell density was analyzed according to the depth of the dermis, an 84% increase was noted in the uppermost layer (0-0.2 mm in depth) and a 150% increase in the second uppermost layer (0.2-0.4 mm in depth) in the patients with PCT when compared with those in the corresponding sites of the controls. These results suggest a possible role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of sclerodermoid skin of PCT.
Endothelin Antagonists may be a Treatment Option for Cardiac Syndrome X, or Not ?
Authors: Şeyda Günay, İbrahim Baran, Ali Aydınlar, Osman Akın Serdar, Sümeyye Güllülü, Dilek Yeşilbursa, Bülent Özdemir, Aysel Aydın Kaderli, Tunay Şentürk, Saim Sağ
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Managing psychopathic offenders: a problem that will not go away.
Authors: D Chiswick
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Otherwise, apart from the small outbreak in 1977, the figures have remained constant.Reviewing patients in Scotland, Bell et al suggested that cases were being overlooked because paralytic poliomyelitis was becoming forgotten but there was no evidence of this in the results from England and Wales.'0Given that the use of inactivated vaccine would have prevented these cases of recipient paralytic poliomyelitis, what would be the effect if Britain switched from the oral to the injected (inactivated) form?If about four fifths of the children continued to be immunised, then each year at least a fifth of the under 1 year olds would be completely unprotected.This percentage might rise if the vaccination rate fell-as it might if injected vaccine replaced the more acceptable oral vaccine.In England and Wales vaccine viruses circulate widely and help to maintain the high seroimmunity rate in the population.Thus the unvaccinated would continue to be at risk of developing contact polio- myelitis, which has a slightly higher rate of paralysis than recipient poliomyelitis.While the population maintains its high immunity introducing a wild virus would be unlikely to result in an epidemic.If inactivated vaccine completely replaced the oral form, however, then these circulating viruses would gradually disappear and as more children became unprotected the herd immunity might not be sufficient to protect them.There is a strong social class bias in the uptake of vaccination, so that pockets of unprotected children might come to be formed.Kubli and others, reporting on the importation of poliomyelitis to industrialised nations in 1975-84, recommended that all travellers, immigrants, refugees, and foreign workers should be immunised against all three polioviruses by routine vaccina- tion (p 169).In Britain, with its many outside contacts, it is unlikely that both wild and vaccine strains would not be introduced, and hence it is essential to maintain the present herd immunity.
Evidence for carrier-mediated transport of glutathione across the blood-brain barrier in the rat.
Authors: R Kannan, J F Kuhlenkamp, E Jeandidier, H Trinh, M Ookhtens, N Kaplowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Information on the origin of brain glutathione and the possibility of its transport from blood to brain is limited. We found a substantial uptake of 35S-labeled glutathione by the rat brain using the carotid artery injection technique. The brain uptake index of glutathione with and without an irreversible gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor, acivicin, was similar. No significant differences in the regional uptake of labeled glutathione were found in rats pretreated with acivicin. The brain uptake index of tracer glutathione was similar to that of cysteine tracer and was lower than that of phenylalanine. The transport of oxidized glutathione (glutathione disfulfide) across the blood-brain barrier was not significantly different from that of sucrose, an impermeable marker. Brain radioactivity 15 s after carotid artery injection of labeled glutathione to rats pretreated with acivicin was predominantly in the form of glutathione. The in vivo glutathione uptake was saturable with an apparent Km of 5.84 mM. Amino acids, amino acid analogues, and other compounds [cysteine, phenylalanine, glutathione disulfide, gamma-glutamylglutamate, gamma-glutamyl p-nitroanilide, 2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH)] did not affect glutathione transport. Our data suggest that glutathione is transported across the blood-brain barrier by a saturable and specific mechanism.
Behcet's syndrome: severe proctitis with rectovaginal fistula formation.
Authors: L S Teh, K A Green, M M O'Sullivan, J S Morris, B D Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

AbstractThe development of severe proctitis and a rectovaginal fistula two months after the onset of Behçet's syndrome in a 41 year old woman is reported.
A Newly Devised Cutting Probe for Endoscopic Sphincterotomy of the Ampulla of Vater
Authors: S. Ikeda, M. Tanaka, H. Itoh, R. Tamura
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

A new diathermy cutting probe for endoscopic sphincterotomy has been devised. This consisted of a standard Teflon catheter with a diathermy wire and a metal-marked long tip. Using an Olympus duodenoscope and this cutting probe, endoscopic sphincterotomy has been successfully performed in 38 out of 40 patients with common bile duct stones without any serious complications. Advantages and clinical results of this instrument are presented.
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW MEDICAL SCHOOLS
Authors: H. G. WEISKOTTEN
Journal: JAMA (1949)

During the past few years the need for more adequate support of medical education has been repeatedly emphasized. At the last meeting of this congress, President Valentine of the University of Rochester designated the situation as a crisis. Later, last spring, Dr. Leonard Scheele in his inaugural address as Surgeon General, United States Public Health Service, said: The crisis in the professional schools of the Nation is the most serious problem which faces the medical and health professions today. Unless or until the crisis is resolved, the nation will be hampered in all its efforts to increase its health resources and to improve the health of the people. It has been a natural consequence of the development of high standards of medical education that medical schools have greatly increased their responsibilities and their influence. Medical school teaching and research programs, when integrated into the activities of hospitals, outpatient clinics and
Selective Muscarinic Receptor Agonist Xanomeline as a Novel Treatment Approach for Schizophrenia
Authors: Anantha Shekhar, William Z. Potter, Jeffrey Lightfoot, John Lienemann, Sanjay Dubé, Craig Mallinckrodt, Frank P. Bymaster, David L. McKinzie, Christian C. Felder
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

Objective: There are significant unmet needs in the treatment of schizophrenia, especially for the treatment of cognitive impairment, negative syndrome, and cognitive function. Preclinical data suggest that agonists with selective affinity for acetylcholine muscarinic receptors provide a potentially new mechanism to treat schizophrenia. The authors studied xanomeline, a relatively selective muscarinic type 1 and type 4 (M 1 and M 4 ) receptor agonist, to determine if this agent is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. Method: In this pilot study, the authors examined the efficacy of xanomeline on clinical outcomes in subjects with schizophrenia (N=20) utilizing a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-week treatment design. Outcome measures included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, and a test battery designed to measure cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Results: Subjects treated with xanomeline did significantly better than subjects in the placebo group on total BPRS scores and total PANSS scores. In the cognitive test battery, subjects in the xanomeline group showed improvements most robustly in measures of verbal learning and short-term memory function. Conclusions: These results support further investigation of xanomeline as a novel approach to treating schizophrenia.
Femoral Arteriography
Authors: Donald C. Nabseth, Max Ritvo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

RECENT interest in direct surgical procedures on the major arteries of the lower extremity has been associated with the development of accurate and safe methods of arteriography. Precise knowledge of the arterial tree of the lower limb is a prerequisite to current surgical procedures used for the treatment of segmental arterial occlusion. This communication presents a method of opacifying the arterial tree of the lower extremity. It has provided safety to both the patient and the professional personnel performing the study.IndicationsIn general, femoral arteriography should be undertaken when the resulting information is expected to provide a practical approach . . .
Effect of chronic cardiac denervation on arrhythmias after coronary artery ligation
Authors: P. A. Ebert, R. B. Vanderbeek, R. J. Allgood, D. C. Sabiston
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Extrinsic cardiac denervation protects animals from fatal arrhythmias after coronary artery ligation and no change in heart rate or blood pressure is noted. Adequate time must elapse after surgical denervation for myocardial catecholamine depletion or arrhythmias will occur. Reserpine pre-treatment plus cervical vagotomy reduces the incidence of ventricular fibrillation. The relationship between myocardial catecholamines and arrhythmias is discussed.