tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer Among the Oldest Old: Tumor Characteristics, Treatment Choices, and Survival
Authors: Mara A. Schonberg, Edward R. Marcantonio, Donglin Li, Rebecca A. Silliman, Long Ngo, Ellen P. McCarthy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

PURPOSE Few data are available on breast cancer characteristics, treatment, and survival for women age 80 years or older. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare data set from 1992 to 2003 to examine tumor characteristics, treatments (mastectomy, breast-conserving surgery [BCS] with radiation therapy or alone, or no surgery), and outcomes of women age 80 years or older (80 to 84, 85 to 89, > or = 90 years) with stage I/II breast cancer compared with younger women (age 67 to 79 years). We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the impact of age on breast cancer-related and other causes of death. Analyses were performed within stage, adjusted for tumor and sociodemographic characteristics, treatments received, and comorbidities. Results In total, 49,616 women age 67 years or older with stage I/II disease were included. Tumor characteristics (grade, hormone receptivity) were similar across age groups. Treatment with BCS alone increased with age, especially after age 80. The risk of dying from breast cancer increased with age, significantly after age 80. For stage I disease, the adjusted hazard ratio of dying from breast cancer for women age > or = 90 years compared with women age 67 to 69 years was 2.6 (range, 2.0 to 3.4). Types of treatments received were significantly associated with age and comorbidity, with age as the stronger predictor (26% of women age > or = 80 years without comorbidity received BCS alone or no surgery compared with 6% of women age 67 to 79 years). CONCLUSION Women age > or = 80 years have breast cancer characteristics similar to those of younger women yet receive less aggressive treatment and experience higher mortality from early-stage breast cancer. Future studies should focus on identifying tumor and patient characteristics to help target treatments to the oldest women most likely to benefit.
Symptomatic salicylate ototoxicity: a useful indicator of serum salicylate concentration?
Authors: J.T Halla, S.L Atchison, J.G Hardin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

A three phase study was designed to define further the sensitivity and specificity of symptomatic salicylate ototoxicity (primarily tinnitus) for serum salicylate concentrations. In phase one 260 patients with osteoarthritis and 112 with rheumatoid arthritis, none taking salicylates, were interviewed about their ear symptoms. Their responses were not significantly different from those of 134 salicylate treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis previously reported. In the second phase 56 patients who were taking salicylates, and who volunteered the complaint of tinnitus, had serum salicylate concentrations measured while symptomatic, and 30 (54%) had concentrations less than 1.3 mmol/l. Few tolerated an upward salicylate dose adjustment. For phase three, 94 patients were found to have a salicylate concentration above 2.2 mmol/l on one or more occasion, and these subjects were interviewed. Fifty two patients (55%) had no tinnitus, and tinnitus correlated with the blood salicylate concentration in only 28 (30%). Audiological evaluation of most of the symptomatic patients was carried out, and results were abnormal in the majority, even in those patients not reporting tinnitus. Symptomatic salicylate ototoxicity is too nonspecific and too insensitive to be a useful indicator of serum salicylate concentration.
Use and Effectiveness of Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Alexi A. Wright, Angel Cronin, Dana E. Milne, Michael A. Bookman, Robert A. Burger, David E. Cohn, Mihaela C. Cristea, Jennifer J. Griggs, Nancy L. Keating, Charles F. Levenback, Gina Mantia-Smaldone, Ursula A. Matulonis, Larissa A. Meyer, Joyce C. Niland, Jane C. Weeks, David M. O'Malley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

A 2006 randomized trial demonstrated a 16-month survival benefit with intraperitoneal and intravenous (IP/IV) chemotherapy administered to patients who had ovarian cancer, compared with IV chemotherapy alone, but more treatment-related toxicities. The objective of this study was to examine the use and effectiveness of IP/IV chemotherapy in clinical practice.Prospective cohort study of 823 women with stage III, optimally cytoreduced ovarian cancer diagnosed at six National Comprehensive Cancer Network institutions. We examined IP/IV chemotherapy use in all patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2012 (N = 823), and overall survival and treatment-related toxicities with Cox regression and logistic regression, respectively, in a propensity score-matched sample (n = 402) of patients diagnosed from 2006 to 2012, excluding trial participants, to minimize selection bias.Use of IP/IV chemotherapy increased from 0% to 33% between 2003 and 2006, increased to 50% from 2007 to 2008, and plateaued thereafter. Between 2006 and 2012, adoption of IP/IV chemotherapy varied by institution from 4% to 67% (P < .001) and 43% of patients received modified IP/IV regimens at treatment initiation. In the propensity score-matched sample, IP/IV chemotherapy was associated with significantly improved overall survival (3-year overall survival, 81% v 71%; hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.99), compared with IV chemotherapy, but also more frequent alterations in chemotherapy delivery route (adjusted rates discontinuation or change, 20.4% v 10.0%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.47 to 5.47).Although the use of IP/IV chemotherapy increased significantly at National Comprehensive Cancer Network centers between 2003 and 2012, fewer than 50% of eligible patients received it. Increasing IP/IV chemotherapy use in clinical practice may be an important and underused strategy to improve ovarian cancer outcomes.
A large-scale association study identified multiple HLA-DRB1 alleles associated with ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis in Japanese subjects
Authors: C. Terao, K. Ohmura, Y. Kochi, K. Ikari, E. Maruya, M. Katayama, K. Shimada, A. Murasawa, S. Honjo, K. Takasugi, K. Matsuo, K. Tajima, A. Suzuki, K. Yamamoto, S. Momohara, H. Yamanaka, R. Yamada, H. Saji, F. Matsuda, T. Mimori
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> HLA-DRB1 is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it has recently been suggested that HLA-DRB1 is only associated with patients with RA who have anticitrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPA), which are specific to RA. <h3>Objective</h3> To elucidate whether specific HLA-DR alleles are associated with ACPA-negative RA development. <h3>Methods</h3> HLA-DRB1 typing was carried out in 368 Japanese ACPA-negative patients with RA and 1508 healthy volunteers as the first set, followed by HLA-DRB1 typing of 501 cases and 500 controls as the second set. The HLA-DRB1 allele frequency and diplotype frequency were compared in each group, and the results of the two studies were combined to detect HLA-DRB1 alleles or diplotypes associated with ACPA-negative RA. <h3>Results</h3> HLA-DRB1*12:01 was identified as a novel susceptibility allele for ACPA-negative RA (p<i>=</i>0.000088, OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.26). HLA-DRB1*04:05 and *14:03 showed moderate associations with ACPA-negative RA (p<i>=</i>0.0063, OR=1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.49 and p<i>=</i>0.0043, OR=1.81, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.73, respectively). The shared epitope was weakly associated with ACPA-negative RA, but no dosage effect was detected (p<i>=</i>0.016, OR=1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.34). A combination of HLA-DRB1*12:01 and DRB1*09:01 showed a strong association with susceptibility to ACPA-negative RA (p<i>=</i>0.00013, OR=3.62, 95% CI 1.79 to 7.30). Homozygosity for HLA-DR8 was significantly associated with ACPA-negative RA (p<i>=</i>0.0070, OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.22 to 3.82). It was also found that HLA-DRB1*15:02 and *13:02 were protective against ACPA-negative RA (p<i>=</i>0.00010, OR=0.68, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.83 and p<i>=</i>0.00059, OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.84, respectively). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this large-scale association study multiple alleles and diplotypes were found to be associated with susceptibility to, or protection against, ACPA-negative RA.
Optimizing Liposomes for Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Agents to Solid Tumors
Authors: Daryl C. Drummond, Olivier Meyer, Keelung Hong, Dmitri B. Kirpotin, Demetrios Papahadjopoulos
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (1999)

There are many potential barriers to the effective delivery of a drug in its active form to solid tumors. Most small-molecule chemotherapeutic agents have a large volume of distribution on i.v. administration ([Speth et al., 1988][1]; [Chabner and Longo, 1996][2]). The result of this is often a
The qualities of a good teacher: how can they be acquired and sustained?
Authors: S. A Azer
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

The introduction of problem-based learning (PBL) in undergraduate medical courses necessitates the special training of teachers and monitoring of their performance.1 In traditional courses the emphasis is on transmission of factual knowledge; teachers are the main source of information and students are offered few opportunities to identify their own learning needs or reflect collectively on their learning experience.2 Then, if the outcomes are unfavourable, the blame lies with the student, for lack of skills or motivation. By contrast, in PBL courses the responsibilities of teachers include: encouraging critical thinking; fostering self-directed learning and curiosity; monitoring group progress; and creating a learning environment that stimulates all members in the group, generates deep understanding, and promotes teamwork.1,3

These activities demand special attributes. Over the past five years I have run over forty workshops for would-be PBL tutors as well as refresher workshops for existing tutors who wish to enhance their skills as PBL facilitators. These workshops usually begin with a session titled What makes good teachers? and I ask participants to write down the name of the best teacher they have ever had and list his or her good qualities: ‘In what way did your best teacher help you to grow?’ Certain qualities are common to many of these teachers—for example, ‘He treated me with respect and was interested in helping and supporting me’; ‘She motivated me to love the subject she was teaching’; ‘She created a positive impact on my life that reshaped my vision and purpose’; ‘He was able to keep us engaged in his lessons, think, and ask good questions’; ‘I realized that learning can be fun and a life-long experience’. These responses stimulated me to examine the qualities of a good teacher in a more systematic way.
Adoptive transfer of neonatal T lymphocytes rescues immunoglobulin production in mice with severe combined immune deficiency.
Authors: J E Riggs, R S Stowers, D E Mosier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Mice with the autosomal recessive severe combined immune deficiency (scid) mutation lack mature lymphocytes because of defective joining of T cell receptor and immunoglobulin (Ig) gene segments. Penetrance of this mutation is incomplete since 10-25% of SCID mice produce some T or B lymphocytes. This "leaky" phenotype could be due to a reversion of the mutation in some mice or to a constant, low frequency of functional lymphocytes generated in all SCID mice with variable survival of such cells. We report here that all SCID mice can be stimulated to produce functional B cells by the transfer of normal neonatal, but not adult, T cells. T cell-induced rescue of C.B-17scid B cells results in high levels of Ig expressing the Ighb allotype of the SCID recipient. These results show that all SCID mice generate some functional B cells, the majority of which do not survive in the absence of a subset of T cells present in high frequency in the neonate.
Time course and zonal variations of ischemia-induced myocardial cationic electrolyte derangements.
Authors: J T Lie, P C Pairolero, K E Holley, J T McCall, H K Thompson, J L Titus
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Myocardial cationic electrolytes were determined at regular time intervals up to 24 hours after coronary artery ligation in the dog. Replicate electrolyte ratios were computed for different areas of the heart at each time interval. For purposes of statistical analysis, ratios from two border areas and four areas remote from the infarct were pooled as values for ZONE B and ZONE N, respectively, and compared with those from the infarct proper, ZONE I. Ischemia-induced tissue Mg++/Ca++ changes paralleled those of K+/Na+ with respect to time course and zonal variations. In ZONE I, both K+/Na+ and Mg++/Ca++ fell precipitously during the first hour, and the falls became more gradual thereafter, approac hing those of extracellular fluid at 24 hours. Changes in ZONE B, which appeared normal histologically, followed a similar downward trend but differed in magnitude from those in ZONE I (P smaller than 0.01). Changes in ZONE N were small but did not always overlap values in sham-operated dogs. It was concluded that lowered tissue K+/Na+ and Mg++/Ca++ were sensitive, but not specific, indices of myocardial ishemia, and multiple samplings of ionic ratios were essential for proper interpretation of ischemia-induced myocardial electrolyte derangements.
Genome-wide screening and functional analysis identify a large number of long noncoding RNAs involved in the sexual reproduction of rice
Authors: Yu-Chan Zhang, Jian-You Liao, Ze-Yuan Li, Yang Yu, Jin-Ping Zhang, Quan-Feng Li, Liang-Hu Qu, Wen-Sheng Shu, Yue-Qin Chen
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Abstract Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in a wide range of biological processes in mammals and plants. However, the systematic examination of lncRNAs in plants lags behind that in mammals. Recently, lncRNAs have been identified in Arabidopsis and wheat; however, no systematic screening of potential lncRNAs has been reported for the rice genome. Results In this study, we perform whole transcriptome strand-specific RNA sequencing (ssRNA-seq) of samples from rice anthers, pistils, and seeds 5 days after pollination and from shoots 14 days after germination. Using these data, together with 40 available rice RNA-seq datasets, we systematically analyze rice lncRNAs and definitively identify lncRNAs that are involved in the reproductive process. The results show that rice lncRNAs have some different characteristics compared to those of Arabidopsis and mammals and are expressed in a highly tissue-specific or stage-specific manner. We further verify the functions of a set of lncRNAs that are preferentially expressed in reproductive stages and identify several lncRNAs as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), which sequester miR160 or miR164 in a type of target mimicry. More importantly, one lncRNA, XLOC_057324, is demonstrated to play a role in panicle development and fertility. We also develop a source of rice lncRNA-associated insertional mutants. Conclusions Genome-wide screening and functional analysis enabled the identification of a set of lncRNAs that are involved in the sexual reproduction of rice. The results also provide a source of lncRNAs and associated insertional mutants in rice.
Optimum percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty compared with routine stent strategy trial (OPUS-1): a randomised trial
Authors: W Douglas Weaver, Mark A Reisman, John J Griffin, Christopher E Butler, Pierre P Leimgruber, Timothy Henry, Christopher D'Haem, Vivian L Clark, David J Cohen, Nancy Neil, Nathan R Every, Jenny S Martin
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
Embodied simulation and the search for meaning are not necessary for facial expression processing
Authors: Jacob M. Vigil, Patrick Coulombe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Embodied simulation and the epistemic motivation to search for the “meaning” of other people's behaviors are not necessary for specific and functional responding to, and hence processing of, human facial expressions. Rather, facial expression processing can be achieved through lower-cognitive, heuristical perceptual processing and expression of prototypical morphological musculature movement patterns that communicate discrete trustworthiness and capacity cues to conspecifics.
The Immunology of Mucosal Models of Inflammation
Authors: Warren Strober, Ivan J. Fuss, Richard S. Blumberg
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2002)

In recent years the status of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) as canonical autoimmune diseases has risen steadily with the recognition that these diseases are, at their crux, abnormalities in mucosal responses to normally harmless antigens in the mucosal microflora and therefore responses to antigens that by their proximity and persistence are equivalent to self-antigens. This new paradigm is in no small measure traceable to the advent of multiple models of mucosal inflammation whose very existence is indicative of the fact that many types of immune imbalance can lead to loss of tolerance for mucosal antigens and thus inflammation centered in the gastrointestinal tract. We analyze the immunology of the IBDs through the lens of the murine models, first by drawing attention to their common features and then by considering individual models at a level of detail necessary to reveal their individual capacities to provide insight into IBD pathogenesis. What emerges is that murine models of mucosal inflammation have given us a road map that allows us to begin to define the immunology of the IBDs in all its complexity and to find unexpected ways to treat these diseases.
Joint Commission Warns of Alarm Fatigue
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Multiple Actions of the Chemokine CXCL12 on Epithelial Tumor Cells in Human Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chris J. Scotton, Julia L. Wilson, Kate Scott, Gordon Stamp, George D. Wilbanks, Simon Fricker, Gary Bridger, Frances R. Balkwill
Journal: Cancer Research (2002)

Of 14 chemokine receptors investigated, only CXCR4 was expressed on ovarian cancer cells [C. J. Scotton et al., Cancer Res., 61: 4961-4965, 2001]. To further understand the role of this chemokine receptor in ovarian tumor biology, we studied the action of its ligand, CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1), on the CXCR4-expressing ovarian cancer cell lines IGROV. Ligand stimulation of the CXCR4 receptor resulted in sustained activation of Akt/protein kinase B and biphasic phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase in IGROV. When IGROV cells were cultured under suboptimal conditions, CXCL12 stimulated their in vitro growth, an effect that was abrogated by neutralizing antibodies to CXCR4. This increase in cell number was attributable to stimulation of DNA synthesis, not protection from apoptosis. CXCL12 treatment of IGROV cells also induced mRNA and protein for tumor necrosis factor alpha, a cytokine that is expressed by tumor cells in ovarian cancer biopsies. IGROV cells invaded through Matrigel toward a CXCL12 gradient. Invasion was abrogated by the broad spectrum matrix metalloproteinase and TNFalpha converting enzyme inhibitor Marimastat and was partially inhibited by neutralizing antitumor necrosis factor alpha antibodies. These effects were not limited to the IGROV cell line. They could also be demonstrated in the CAOV-3 ovarian cancer cell line and primary ovarian tumor cells isolated from ovarian ascites. These biological effects of CXCL12 on IGROV cells were also inhibited by the small molecular weight CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. Finally, we found abundant intracellular CXCL12 protein in tumor cells in 15 of 18 ovarian cancer biopsies but not in epithelial cells from normal ovary or borderline disease. The chemokine CXCL12 may have multiple biological effects in ovarian cancer, stimulating cell migration and invasion through extracellular matrix, as well as DNA synthesis and establishment of a cytokine network in situations that are suboptimal for tumor cell growth.
Variation in tissue-specific gene expression among natural populations.
Authors: Andrew Whitehead, Douglas L Crawford
Journal: Genome biology (2005)

Abstract Background Variation in gene expression is extensive among tissues, individuals, strains, populations and species. The interactions among these sources of variation are relevant for physiological studies such as disease or toxic stress; for example, it is common for pathologies such as cancer, heart failure and metabolic disease to be associated with changes in tissue-specific gene expression or changes in metabolic gene expression. But how conserved these differences are among outbred individuals and among populations has not been well documented. To address this we examined the expression of a selected suite of 192 metabolic genes in brain, heart and liver in three populations of the teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus using a highly replicated experimental design. Results Half of the genes (48%) were differentially expressed among individuals within a population-tissue group and 76% were differentially expressed among tissues. Differences among tissues reflected well established tissue-specific metabolic requirements, suggesting that these measures of gene expression accurately reflect changes in proteins and their phenotypic effects. Remarkably, only a small subset (31%) of tissue-specific differences was consistent in all three populations. Conclusions These data indicate that many tissue-specific differences in gene expression are unique to one population and thus are unlikely to contribute to fundamental differences between tissue types. We suggest that those subsets of treatment-specific gene expression patterns that are conserved between taxa are most likely to be functionally related to the physiological state in question.
Significance of smoking history and FDG uptake for pathological N2 staging in clinical N2-negative non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: I.I. Na, J.Y. Park, K.M. Kim, G.J. Cheon, D.H. Choe, J.S. Koh, H.J. Baek, J.C. Lee
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)