tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Grade and ST Segment Resolution: Association With Infarct Size as Assessed by Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Brad G. Angeja, Madhavi Gunda, Sabina A. Murphy, Burton E. Sobel, Amy C. Rundle, Mushabbar Syed, Abdelrahim Asfour, Steven Borzak, Steven G. Gourlay, Hal V. Barron, Raymond J. Gibbons, C. Michael Gibson
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — The TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) and ST-segment resolution both reflect perfusion and are associated with mortality after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that these measures would also be associated with infarct size by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods and Results — In the LIMIT AMI trial (Limitation of Myocardial Injury following Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction) of lytic monotherapy versus lytic plus rhuMAb CD18, early 90-minute TMPG (n=221) and ST segment resolution (n=242) were compared with subsequent SPECT Technetium-99 m Sestamibi, measuring the percentage of the left ventricle with no Sestamibi uptake. Infarct sizes were larger with TMPG 0 or 1 (a closed or stained myocardium) than with TMPG 2 or 3 (open myocardium, median 13% versus 7%, P =0.004). Infarcts were also larger in patients with no ST segment resolution (median 15%) or incomplete resolution (11%) than in those with complete resolution (6%, overall P =0.0001). The difference in infarct size by TMPG persisted when stratified by category of ST resolution. Conclusions — There may be a pathophysiological link between early restoration of tissue-level perfusion and reduced subsequent infarct size that may partially explain why these early angiographic and electrocardiographic measures are associated with long-term survival.
Effect of polymorphisms in folate-related genes on in vitro methotrexate sensitivity in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Robert de Jonge, Jan Hendrik Hooijberg, Bertrand D. van Zelst, Gerritz Jansen, Christine H. van Zantwijk, Gert Jan L. Kaspers, Frits G. J. Peters, Yaddanapudi Ravindranath, Rob Pieters, Jan Lindemans
Journal: Blood (2005)
Fibrinogen assembly: Insights from chicken hepatocytes
Authors: Carole Oddoux, Gerd Grieninger
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

In all vertebrate species studied, the complex, disulfide-linked structure of fibrinogen is essentially the same: a hexamer assembled from three different subunits (A alpha, B beta, gamma)2. This study utilized species differences in fibrinogen subunit monomer pools to address the question of how these surplus subunit pools may affect the assembly process. We used a chicken model system in which B beta and gamma-subunits are present in excess, in contrast to the A alpha and gamma-subunit surplus found in human model systems. Analysis was based on pulse-chase experiments with electrophoretic separation of intracellular forms and secreted fibrinogen on reducing and nonreducing gels. The chicken liver-derived cells employed for this purpose, primary hepatocytes and a hepatoma cell line with a fortuitous defect in fibrinogen synthesis, together offer advantages over human systems for resolving the complexes formed in the early stages of assembly. The results demonstrate that in chicken hepatocytes there is an initial binding of gamma to A alpha subunits rather than to B beta subunits, as occurs in human hepatoma cells. Nevertheless, the presence of similar intracellular fibrinogen-related forms in both chicken- and human-derived cells, in the context of their differing subunit monomer pools, suggests an assembly pathway common to both species, with the versatility to be regulated by limitation of A alpha or B beta subunit production.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: NICE for the U.S.? A Comparison of the American Diabetes Association and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Guidelines With the U.K. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Guidelines
Authors: Richard I.G. Holt, Paul B. Jacklin, Jeff A. Round, Moira A. Mugglestone, Rhona G. Hughes
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Simmons et al. (1) have compared the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), American Diabetes Association (ADA), and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines and conclude that the NICE guidelines reduce access to proven cost-effective management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Although the current NICE guidance represents a substantial increase in screening compared with previous NICE recommendations, the authors suggest that the guidelines remain too limited (2). The crucial questions are 1 ) how many women with GDM are missed by removing the age and tighter BMI criteria present in the ADA guidelines and 2 ) what are the additional costs of identifying these women?

The NICE model found that the ADA criteria had borderline cost-effectiveness but could not undertake incremental cost analysis because of a lack of data …
CROSS-REACTIONS AMONG GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Grove G. Wiley, Pauline N. Bruno
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Strains of four streptococcal types, 33, 41, 43, 52, and a nontypable strain, Ross, cross-reacted in precipitin and bactericidal tests. The homologous reactions, which determined the type, afforded the major protection and developed promptly and regularly in the serum of rabbits during immunization. The associated cross-reactions, on the other hand, appeared in the serum of certain rabbits only, were often not as strong as the associated homologous reactions, and required for their presence a longer period of immunization than the homologous reactions. Agar gel analysis of the homologous precipitin reactions revealed, as would be expected, reactions of serological identity, while those cross-reactions which were strong enough to test in this way formed bands of precipitate which joined with spur formation on the side of the homologous reaction. These experiments and others referred to in the text suggest that cross-protection, as demonstrated in bactericidal tests, is sufficiently widespread to be a factor in streptococcal immunity, if a corresponding protection occurs in vivo. Thus, streptococcal infection with one of the cross-reacting strains might confer, in addition to strong homologous protection, a certain amount of cross-protection.
Reconciling Ecological and Genomic Divergence among Lineages of Listeria under an "Extended Mosaic Genome Concept"
Authors: K. A. Dunn, J. P. Bielawski, T. J. Ward, C. Urquhart, H. Gu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

There is growing evidence for a discontinuity between genomic and ecological divergence in several groups of bacteria. This evidence is difficult to reconcile with the traditional concept that ecologically divergent species maintain a cohesive gene pool isolated from other gene pools by barriers to homologous recombination (HR). There have been several innovative models of bacterial divergence that permit such discontinuity; we refer to these, collectively, as "mosaic genome concepts" (MGCs). These concepts remain a point of contention. Here, we undertake an investigation among ecologically divergent lineages of genus Listeria, and report our assessment of both niche-specific selection pressure and HR in their core genome. We find evidence of a mosaic Listeria core genome. Some core genes appear to have been free to recombine across ecologically divergent lineages or across named species. In contrast, other core genes have histories consistent with the expected organism relationships and have evolved under niche-specific selective pressures. The products of some of those genes can even be linked to metabolic phenotypes with ecological significance. This finding indicates a potentially strong connection between ecological divergence and core-genome evolution, even among lineages that also experience frequent recombination. Based on these findings, we propose an expanded role for natural selection in core-genome evolution under the MGC.
Use of macrolides in mother and child and risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: nationwide cohort study
Authors: M. Lund, B. Pasternak, R. B. Davidsen, B. Feenstra, C. Krogh, L. J. Diaz, J. Wohlfahrt, M. Melbye
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the association between use of macrolide antibiotics in mothers and infants from pregnancy onset until 120 days after birth and infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). <b>Design</b> Nationwide register based cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Denmark, 1996-2011. <b>Participants</b> 999 378 liveborn singletons and linked individual level information on macrolide prescriptions (maternal use during pregnancy, n=30 091; maternal use after birth, n=21 557; use in infants, n=6591), surgery for IHPS, and potential confounders. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Surgery for IHPS by three categories of macrolide use: in mothers during pregnancy, in mothers after birth, and in infants after birth. <b>Results</b> 880 infants developed IHPS (0.9 cases per 1000 births). Compared with infants with no use of macrolides, the adjusted rate ratio for IHPS in infants with use of macrolides during days 0 to 13 after birth was 29.8 (95% confidence interval 16.4 to 54.1) and during days 14 to 120 was 3.24 (1.20 to 8.74); the corresponding absolute risk differences were 24.4 (95% confidence interval 13.0 to 44.1) and 0.65 (0.06 to 2.21) cases per 1000 infants exposed to macrolides, respectively. The rate ratio for maternal use of macrolides for days 0 to 13 after birth was 3.49 (1.92 to 6.34) and for days 14 to 120 was 0.70 (0.26 to 1.90); the corresponding absolute risk differences were 2.15 (0.82 to 4.64) and −0.11 (−0.26 to 0.31). The rate ratios for maternal use of macrolides during pregnancy were 1.02 (0.65 to 1.59) for weeks 0 to 27 and 1.77 (0.95 to 3.31) for weeks 28 to birth; the corresponding absolute risk differences were 0.01 (−0.31 to 0.50) and 0.67 (−0.06 to 2.02). <b>Conclusions</b> Treatment of young infants with macrolide antibiotics was strongly associated with IHPS and should therefore only be administered if potential treatment benefits outweigh the risk. Maternal use of macrolides during the first two weeks after birth was also associated with an increased risk of IHPS. A possible association was also found with use during late pregnancy.
Adjunctive stent implantation following directional coronary atherectomy in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Ezio Bramucci, Luigi Angoli, Piera Angelica Merlini, Paolo Barberis, Maria Luisa Laudisa, Elisabetta Colombi, Arnaldo Poli, Jaceck Kubica, Diego Ardissino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
THE EFFECT OF PROTECTIVE TAEKWONDO FOOTPADS ON ATTENUATING IMPACTS OF AN INSTRUMENTED HEAD-FORM
Authors: G Fife, D O'Sullivan, W Pieter, S Lee
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background A recent regulation in boxing, of removing headgear, proposes the question as to whether a similar rule should be adopted in taekwondo. Objective To assess the effect of protective taekwondo footpads on attenuating impacts of an instrumented head-form. It is hypothesised that footpads with greater thickness would mitigate impacts better than thinner ones. Design Between groups. Setting Impact biomechanics laboratory. Participants World Taekwondo Federation approved protective footpads. Risk factor assessment A standardized (ASTM F-2397) martial arts headgear striker was used to impart impacts to a 50th Percentile Male Hybrid III head and neck complex. All impacts were imparted with a terminal striking velocity of 5.0 m/s (min-max: 4.75–5.15 m/s). Six different striking conditions were employed (no footpad (control), KDS, Adidas, Mooto, Mooto MTX, old style footpad [i.e., thick]). Each footpad condition was tested for a total of 3 impacts. The level of significance was set to an effect size of 0.2. Main outcome measurements Resultant linear acceleration (RLA). Results Significant differences were found between all footpads (eta 2 =0.86). The most effective impact attenuation was provided by the old style footpad (102g), followed by the Adidas (124g), KDS (140g), Mooto (140g), MTX (149g), and non-footpad condition (211g). The greatest difference in RLA was observed between the thick footpad and the non-padded condition (102 g v 211 g, d=2.08, 95% CI=-0.19–3.51). Conclusions The footpads when compared with the control condition did decrease the RLA but not to an ASTM standard of 50g. These results do not support the removal of protective taekwondo headgear. Future studies may investigate the use of better designed footpads if a similar regulation were to be adopted.
Protective gloves in Swedish dentistry: use and side-effects
Authors: K. Wrangsjo, L-M. Wallenhammar, U. Ortengren, L. Barregard, H. Andreasson, B. Bjorkner, S. Karlsson, B. Meding
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Protective gloves in Swedish dentistry: use and side‐effects Get access K. Wrangsjö, K. Wrangsjö Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Norrbacka, Karolinska Sjukhuset, 17176 Stockholm, SwedenOccupational Dermatology, National Institute for Working Life, Stockholm, Sweden Karin Wrangsjö, Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Norrbacka, Karolinska Sjukhuset, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L‐M. Wallenhammar, L‐M. Wallenhammar Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Norrbacka, Karolinska Sjukhuset, 17176 Stockholm, SwedenOccupational Dermatology, National Institute for Working Life, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. Örtengren, U. Örtengren Department of Prosthetic Dentistry/Dental Materials Science, Göteborg University, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Barregård, L. Barregård Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Andreasson, H. Andreasson Department of Prosthetic Dentistry/Dental Materials Science, Göteborg University, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Björkner, B. Björkner Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Karlsson, S. Karlsson Department of Prosthetic Dentistry/Dental Materials Science, Göteborg University, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Meding B. Meding Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Norrbacka, Karolinska Sjukhuset, 17176 Stockholm, SwedenOccupational Dermatology, National Institute for Working Life, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 1, 1 July 2001, Pages 32–37, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04278.x Published: 01 July 2001 Article history Accepted: 02 March 2001 Published: 01 July 2001
Exposure to oxidized low-density lipoprotein in vivo enhances intimal thickening and selectively impairs endothelium-dependent dilation in the rabbit
Authors: K Matthys
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objectives: Based on in vitro studies, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has been implicated in atherogenesis and the associated deficiency in endothelium-dependent relaxation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of in vivo exposure to oxLDL on intimal thickening and relaxing behaviour. Methods: Intimal thickening was evoked by the placement of silicone collars around the carotid arteries of the rabbit for 3 or 14 days. OxLDL (Cu2+-oxidized, 7 μg/h) or the vehicle phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was infused in the collars via subdermally implanted osmotic minipumps. Results: The collared vessels receiving PBS developed discrete intimal thickening after 14 days (intima/media (I/M) ratio 11±2%). OxLDL infusion resulted in intimal thickening after 3 days and significantly enhanced the intimal thickness by 14 days (I/M ratio 98±16%). Collaring alone for 3 or 14 days and 3 days exposure to oxLDL did not impair the endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine or calcium ionophore, nor to the NO donors glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). However, the sensitivity to acetylcholine was decreased after exposure to oxLDL for 14 days (−logEC50 oxLDL 6.95±0.11 vs. 7.52±0.11 collar alone) and the maximal relaxation to the endothelium-dependent agonist was reduced by 50%, this in the presence of a virtually intact endothelium. Complete relaxation was still obtained with the nitric oxide donors. Conclusion: Our results show for the first time that local vascular exposure to oxLDL in vivo promotes intimal thickening and inhibits endothelium-dependent dilation, thereby supporting an active role for oxLDL in the morphological and functional changes observed in atherosclerotic blood vessels.
ON THE NATURE OF THE OPSONIC SUBSTANCES OBNORMAL SERA
Authors: Hans Zinsser, Edward G. Cary
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

Our experiments show that the albumen fraction, or end-piece, obtained by the dialysis of normal guinea pig serum possesses definite opsonic action. This action is often almost equal to that residing in the unfractionated alexin. It is evident, however, only if the reaction maintained during the experiments approximates that of the original serum. By the addition of small quantities of a weak sodium hydrate solution to the dialyzed serum we have been able to bring back opsonic action which was not evident in the same end-piece if simply rendered isotonic. Although our attention was called to the question of reaction by the work of Bronfenbrenner and Noguchi, like Liefmann, we have been unable to reactivate the hemolytic function of end-piece by alteration of reaction. Our experiments suggest that the opsonic action of the albumen fraction is enhanced by preliminary sensitization of the bacteria with heated normal serum and by persensitization of such bacteria with the globulin fraction. However, we cannot be positive of this, since the slight differences of phagocytic counts upon which such an opinion can be based, fall within the limits of what we consider our experimental error. The fact that the albumen fraction can exert opsonic activity upon bacteria but cannot hemolyze blood cells seems to us particularly interesting in the light of the fact that alexin can be absorbed by unsensitized bacteria but not by similarly untreated blood cells. The literature upon the relation of the alexin fractions to bacteria and the bactericidal effect is confusing in that contradictory results have been obtained by other workers. We are studying this phase of the problem with particular attention to the alkalinity or acidity under which the reactions are carried out. We think that our experiments do not point to a differentiation of normal opsonin from alexin, but we believe they indicate that the so called end-piece can enter to a slight extent into non-specific relationship with unsensitized bacteria, and it is therefore active, whereas it cannot enter into a similar relation to unsensitized cells. This conception, however, is tentatively made, since we are studying further the non-specific absorption of alexin or complement by unsensitized bacteria.
The role of mast cells and their mediators in reproduction, pregnancy and labour
Authors: F. M. Menzies, M. C. Shepherd, R. J. Nibbs, S. M. Nelson
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2010)

Mast cells (MCs) are the classical mediators of allergy, however, their importance in the development of innate and adaptive immune responses is increasingly being recognized. Herein, the present MC literature is summarized, with particular focus on studies of MCs in the endometrium and myometrium, and their involvement in fertility, implantation, pregnancy and labour. Recent developments in MC biology were identified by systematic searches of PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar from 2000 to November 2009. To specifically examine the role of MCs in fertility and pregnancy, we then performed a systematic review of English literature cited in the PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar databases, but extended the search period, from 1980 to January 2010 MCs can respond to immunoglobulin E-independent innate immune stimuli and are present within the endometrium, with activation and release of mediators occurring prior to menstruation and in association with endometriosis. With respect to pregnancy, MCs are redundant during blastocyst implantation and although their mediators can induce myometrial contractility, there is no epidemiological link of preterm birth with allergy, suggesting a non-essential role or robust regulation. In males, MCs are present in the testes and are increased in oligo- and azoospermia, with MC mediators directly suppressing sperm motility in a potentially reversible manner. MCs are prevalent in the female and male reproductive tract. However, whether MCs are absolutely required for a successful pregnancy or are fundamental to reproductive pathology, and thereby a therapeutic target, remains to be determined.
Hypoxia-driven mechanisms in lung biology and disease: a new review series of the ERS Lung Science Conference
Authors: N. Weissmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

ith the evolution of photosynthesis, organisms had to cope with a dramatic change in their environment: the presence of oxygen.Despite the initial toxicity of this gas, the presence of molecular oxygen offered a more effective means of energy metabolism.As a result, humans and animals require oxygen to survive and a shortage of oxygen, hypoxia, can evoke life-threatening conditions.To maintain an optimal oxygen level and thus, energy supply for the body, the lung is the first-line organ functioning as an interface between the body and the environment.
Model for investigating snorers with suspected sleep apnoea.
Authors: H Rauscher, W Popp, H Zwick
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Overnight polysomnography is expensive and time consuming. An approach based on a logistic regression model and overnight pulse oximetry has been developed to determine which of the snorers referred to our sleep laboratory need polysomnography.The variables entered in the regression model were derived from questionnaires completed by 95 habitual snorers and 89 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. The resulting regression equation included weight, height, sex, witnessed episodes of apnoea, and reports of falling asleep when reading. This prediction equation was applied to a sample of 116 consecutive patients referred for investigation of heavy snoring. Pulse oximetry data on the 116 test subjects were obtained during polysomnography and analysed separately. Pulse oximetry was judged to indicate obstructive sleep apnoea when it showed cyclic oscillations of oxyhaemoglobin saturation or heart rate, or both, for more than 30 minutes during the study night.A cut off probability of 0.31 gave the prediction model a sensitivity of 94% to predict an apnoea-hypopnoea index above 10, with a specificity of 45%. When this cutoff point was used to predict an apnoea-hypopnoea index of over 20 sensitivity was 95% and specificity 41%. Combined with oximetry our regression model had a sensitivity of 100% for predicting an apnoea-hypopnoea index of more than 10. On the other hand, all patients with negative results from oximetry and a probability value below 0.31 had an apnoea-hypopnoea index lower than 10 according to polysomnography.It is concluded that snorers with negative results from oximetry classified as not having obstructive sleep apnoea according to this model do not need polysomnography.