tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exposure of primary rat hepatocytes in long-term DMSO culture to selected transition metals induces hepatocyte proliferation and formation of duct-like structures
Authors: E E Cable, H C Isom
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

We previously showed that primary rat hepatocytes plated on a rat-tail collagen coated dish and fed a chemically-defined medium supplemented with 2% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) can be maintained in a well-differentiated, non-replicating state for periods of several months. In this study, we show that the addition of copper, iron, and zinc to the DMSO-containing chemically defined medium induced DNA synthesis and cell replication during the first two months in culture without loss of hepatic differentiation. DNA synthesis occurred throughout the hepatocyte population without regard to cellular size. No changes were observed in properties indicative of well-differentiated hepatocytes, including cellular morphology, ultrastructure, albumin, or cytokeratin-8 expression. During the third month in culture, after the hepatocytes had become confluent, pseudoduct structures became apparent. Examination of cells lining the ducts by immunohistochemistry showed that these cells lost the ability to express albumin and stained more intensely for cytokeratin 19 and laminin. The ultrastructure of the cells lining the ducts was altered and became more characteristic of bile duct cells. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that connexin 43, a marker of bile-duct proliferation, was expressed in the duct-like cells. We conclude that under these specific nutritive conditions, primary rat hepatocytes proliferate and, with time, begin to form duct-like structures with altered gene expression and ultrastructural properties.
CJD no worse in Britain than elsewhere
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

National monitoring in the United Kingdom of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) since 1990 has provided no conclusive link with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), according to the sixth annual report of the government's National CJD Surveillance Unit in Edinburgh. The overall incidence of CJD in the United Kingdom remains similar to the incidence in other countries, including those which are free of BSE.

The report coincided with the death in Kent of a 25 year old woman from suspected new variant CJD (nvCJD), the 24th person …
Cigarette Sales to Minors Through Vending Machines
Authors: Walter W. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In the January 6, 1989, issue of JAMA there is a report entitled "Reducing the Illegal Sale of Cigarettes to Minors,"<sup>1</sup>which is based on a project organized by several individuals in Santa Clara County, California. The authors advocate the elimination of cigarette vending machines and allege that they play a significant role in smoking by minors. This allegation is based on questionable research methods and faulty conclusions and is totally inconsistent with long-established facts and available information. We believe that<i>JAMA</i>readers deserve to be informed about the true situation regarding the availability of cigarette machines to minors and the insignificant role they play in purchases by minors. The authors of the Santa Clara County report indicate that only 8% of cigarettes are sold through vending machines (the actual figure today is 5%). Even for this negligible market share there is convincing proof that
The Initiation and Enhancement of Human Red Cell Lysis by Activators of the First Component of Complement and by First Component Esterase; Studies Using Normal Red Cells and Red Cells from Patients with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria*
Authors: Stanley Yachnin, Janet M. Ruthenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Recent studies from this laboratory have de- scribed the anti-C' 1 properties of poly I (1, 2).Inquiry into the mechanism by which poly I in- hibits C'-dependent immune hemolysis has re- vealed that this material interacts with the
Tobacco sponsorship of tennis tournament goes ahead because of weak Swiss legislation, says campaigning group
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A Swiss antismoking campaign group is concerned that weak legislation in the country is being exploited by Imperial Tobacco to sponsor a tennis tournament and promote its brand of cigarettes and other products. The company is the fourth largest tobacco company in the world.

Switzerland is a sanctuary for the tobacco industry, said Pascal Diethelm, director of the antismoking group OxyRomandie, ahead of the Davidoff Swiss indoor tournament, which starts on 31 October as part of the Association of Tennis Professionals World Tour 500. The tournament, which is one of the last tobacco sponsored tennis events in the world, is being used by the company to intensively advertise its Davidoff brand, on court hoardings and the uniforms of line judges and ball girls and boys, said Mr Diethelm.

The last time the tournament was held in Basel in 2008, the “players drowned in an advertising soup for Davidoff,” he said.

He …
Genetic Diagnosis of High-Penetrance Susceptibility for Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Is Achievable for a High Proportion of Familial CRC by Exome Sequencing
Authors: Daniel Chubb, Peter Broderick, Matthew Frampton, Ben Kinnersley, Amy Sherborne, Steven Penegar, Amy Lloyd, Yussanne P. Ma, Sara E. Dobbins, Richard S. Houlston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Knowledge of the contribution of high-penetrance susceptibility to familial colorectal cancer (CRC) is relevant to the counseling, treatment, and surveillance of CRC patients and families.
What Were Those Crystals? The Dissolution and Disintegration of Insulin-Reply
Authors: David S. Schade
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We are pleased that Drs Massey and Anderson have confirmed our observation that cuboidal crystals are present in commercial preparations of NPH insulin. We concur with their observation that these crystals are unlikely to be classic four-zinc ultralente insulin crystals. Unfortunately, they do not state specifically what they believe the composition of these cuboidal crystals to be. The previous studies cited by Drs Massey and Anderson define the optimal conditions under which ultralente insulin crystals form. However, these studies do not prove that an ultralente type of crystal cannot be produced over an extended period of time at a slow rate. The crystallization of insulin is a complex process that is dependent on the environmental conditions and the crystallization media. Different forms of insulin may coexist in the same media, as is evidenced by Lente Insulin, which is composed of both amorphous and rhombohedral crystals.<sup>1</sup> It is
Nonparenchymal cells from regenerating rat liver generate interleukin- 1alpha and -1beta: A mechanism of negative regulation of hepatocyte proliferation
Authors: R Boulton
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Following experimental partial hepatectomy of 70% in the rat, there is a semisynchronized surge of hepatocyte proliferation that ceases after 48 to 72 hours. Little is known about the determinants governing the termination of the proliferative phase, although transforming growth factor (TGF) beta has been implicated as an important inhibitor of hepatocyte replication in this model. We previously reported an additional non-TGF-beta inhibitor in medium conditioned by nonparenchymal cells isolated from regenerating liver (CM-NPC-Reg) between 24 and 48 hours after partial hepatectomy, but it was not found in medium conditioned by nonparenchymal cells from unoperated control liver. CM-NPC-Reg suppressed replicative DNA synthesis of primary rat hepatocytes in response to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), or TGF-alpha as assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation. We now present evidence that interleukin (IL)-1 is the major inhibitor of hepatocyte DNA synthesis present in CM-NPC-Reg. IL-1 receptor antagonist abrogated the inhibition, as did antibodies to rat IL-1alpha and -beta; a combination of both antibodies was required, implicating both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta as active constituents in CM- NPC-Reg. To investigate in vivo changes in IL-1 expression, we assessed expression of IL-1alpha messenger RNA (mRNA) in whole rat liver following partial hepatectomy; mRNA was down-regulated at 10 hours in the pre-replicative phase of liver regeneration and up-regulated at 24 hours and 48 hours when proliferation is waning. Rat hepatocytes isolated from liver 24 hours after partial hepatectomy showed increased sensitivity to the inhibitory action of IL-1. Exogenous IL-1beta, administered parenterally to a group of rats at 0 and 12 hours after partial hepatectomy significantly reduced the incorporation of the thymidine analogue, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), into hepatocytes at 18 hours. These data indicate that nonparenchymal cells isolated from regenerating rat liver elaborate IL-1, and support the hypothesis that IL-1 plays a role suppressing hepatocyte proliferation and terminating the surge of DNA synthesis induced after partial hepatectomy. (Hepatology 1997 Jul;26(1):49-58)
Increased cardiac fatty acid uptake with dobutamine infusion in swine is accompanied by a decrease in malonyl CoA levels
Authors: J Hall
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Malonyl CoA is an important regulator of fatty acid oxidation in the heart secondary to its ability to inhibit carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT 1). Malonyl CoA is produced from acetyl CoA in a reaction catalyzed by acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC). In this study we determined if alterations in malonyl CoA regulation of fatty acid metabolism are involved in the increase in energy transduction seen following an increase in cardiac work.Anesthetized, open-chest, domestic swine were subjected to a 30 min control period followed by a 30 min treatment period with either dobutamine (15 micrograms.kg-1. min-1 i.v.) (n = 6) or saline (n = 6).Heart rate, left ventricular peak dp/dt, and MVO2, were significantly increased in the dobutamine group compared to the saline group during the treatment period. Free fatty acid and glucose uptake were increased 210 and 248%, respectively, in the dobutamine group during the treatment period. Malonyl CoA content was decreased by 55% (from 0.40 +/- 0.05 to 0.18 +/- 0.12 nmol/g wet wt; P < 0.05) with dobutamine treatment, but was not affected by saline treatment. ACC activity was not significantly different between groups (0.31 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.04 nmol. min-1. mg protein-1, respectively). The activity of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), which phosphorylates and inactivates ACC, was also not significantly different in the dobutamine hearts compared to the saline hearts (322 +/- 26 vs. 338 +/- 39 pmol. min-1. mg protein-1, respectively).The increased cardiac work following dobutamine infusion is accompanied by a decrease in malonyl CoA levels and an increase in fatty acid uptake. However, the decrease in malonyl CoA cannot be explained by a decrease in ACC activity.
A memorable message
Authors: D D R Williams
Journal: BMJ (2002)

It was the monthly meeting between clinicians and management. It had been going on for three quarters of an hour. The discussion was disjointed and downbeat. Colleagues were sad and disappointed by the effects of the latest round of NHS reorganisation on clinical services. Since 1974 the psychiatric services for Neath, Port Talbot, and Swansea had been integrated. This …
Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Severity of Coronary Artery Lesions on the Angiogram
Authors: Neşe Dursunoğlu, Dursun Dursunoğlu, Ali İhsan Yıldız, Burcu Uludağ, Zahide Namlı, Ahmet Sarıçopur, Esma Öztürk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Effects of Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction on Outcomes in Chronic Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Philippe Meyer, Gerasimos S. Filippatos, Mustafa I. Ahmed, Ami E. Iskandrian, Vera Bittner, Gilbert J. Perry, Michel White, Inmaculada B. Aban, Marjan Mujib, Louis J. Dell'Italia, Ali Ahmed
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Studies of the effect of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) on outcomes in heart failure (HF) are limited by small sample size and short follow-up.We examined the effect of baseline RVEF on outcomes in 2008 Beta-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST) participants with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction <or=35% during 24 months of mean follow-up. RVEF, estimated by gated-equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography, was used to categorize patients into 4 RVEF groups: >or=40% (n=733), 30% to 39% (n=531), 20% to 29% (n=473), and <20% (n=271). Unadjusted rates for all-cause mortality in patients with RVEF >or=40%, 30% to 39%, 20% to 29%, and <20% were 27%, 32%, 35%, and 47%, respectively. When compared with patients with RVEF >or=40%, unadjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause mortality for those with RVEF 30% to 39%, 20% to 29%, and <20% were 1.19 (0.97 to 1.46; P=0.087), 1.45 (1.17 to 1.78; P=0.001), and 1.98 (1.59 to 2.47; P<0.0001), respectively. Respective multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality associated with RVEF 30% to 39%, 20% to 29%, and <20% were 1.07 (0.87 to 1.32; P=0.518), 1.12 (0.89 to 1.40; P=0.328), and 1.32 (1.02 to 1.71; P=0.034), respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for other outcomes associated with RVEF <20% (compared with >or=40%) were as follows: cardiovascular mortality, 1.33 (1.01 to 1.76; P=0.041); HF mortality, 1.61 (1.03 to 2.52; P=0.037); sudden cardiac death, 1.29 (0.87 to 1.91; P=0.212); all-cause hospitalization, 1.21 (1.00 to 1.47; P=0.056); and HF hospitalization, 1.39 (1.10 to 1.77; P=0.007).Baseline RVEF <20% is a significant independent predictor of mortality and HF hospitalization in systolic HF.
Abstract B21: CD1 d-expressing breast cancer cells promote iNKT-mediated antitumor immunity in a mouse model of breast cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Laura M. Hix, Yihui H. Shi, Paul L. Stein, Chyung-Ru Wang, Ming Zhang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Overcoming tumor tolerance and immune suppression remains a formidable obstacle to the development of immunotherapeutics that harness the immune system to eradicate breast cancer. We have developed a syngeneic mouse model to study mechanisms of tumor tolerance and immune suppression during breast cancer bone metastasis. Comparative analysis of low metastatic vs. highly bone metastatic tumor cells isolated from mice revealed several important genetic alterations related to immune control of tumor progression. Of these, a significant downregulation of cd1d1 was observed in the highly bone metastatic tumor cells. The cd1d1 gene in mice encodes the MHC class I-like molecule CD1d, which presents glycolipid antigens to a specialized subset of T cells that bridge the innate and adaptive immune response to cancer, known as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Activated iNKT cells mediate antitumor immunity in cell culture and in mouse models in vivo. Clinically, iNKT levels are significantly reduced in solid tumors, and this reduction is correlated with a poor prognosis in many types of cancers, including breast cancer. It is well known that the majority of advanced breast cancer patients present with bone metastases, and NKT cells have been shown to comprise a significant portion of the T cells found in healthy bone marrow. We hypothesize that downregulation of CD1d by breast cancer cells enables evasion of iNKT immune surveillance and inhibition of iNKT-mediated antitumor immunity, and may be an important prerequisite for the ability of breast cancer cells to colonize bone. In this study, we demonstrate in a mouse model of breast cancer bone metastasis that tumor cells expressing CD1d can induce direct iNKT-mediated cytolysis in a CD1d-dependent manner in vitro, and demonstrate increased CD1d-dependent iNKT-mediated antitumor immunity in vivo. Using transgenic knockout (KO) models, we show that the ability of CD1d-expressing tumor cells to metastasize to bone is dependent on the presence of CD1 d-restricted NKT cells. The results of this study further support research into therapeutic strategies that boost iNKT-mediated antitumor immunity for the treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer. In addition, we propose the use of our novel mouse model of breast cancer bone metastasis as an ideal system for conducting further studies into mechanisms of immune regulation of breast cancer. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):B21.
Linear Atrial Ablations in a Canine Model of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mark A. Mitchell, Ian D. McRury, David E. Haines
Journal: Circulation (1998)

To test the hypothesis that susceptibility to sustained atrial fibrillation may be decreased by creation of linear atrial ablations, we established a canine model of chronic atrial fibrillation and used a novel catheter design to create atrial ablations.Chronic atrial fibrillation was induced in 16 dogs by creation of mitral regurgitation and rapid pacing of the atria. Temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablations were attempted along empirically derived, preselected atrial target sites in 11 dogs (ablation group), and a sham procedure was performed in 5 dogs (control group). Follow-up electrophysiology study and pathological examination were conducted 13+/-5 days after the initial procedure. Immediately after ablation, sustained atrial fibrillation could be initiated in 1 of 9 surviving ablation dogs and 5 of 5 controls (P=.004). Four dogs died within 24 hours of the procedure. Permanent pacing was required in 4 dogs. At follow-up, 0 of 7 ablation dogs and 5 of 5 controls had atrial fibrillation (P=.001). Furthermore, 2 of 7 ablation dogs had sustained atrial tachycardias, one of which was successfully ablated. Pathological examination demonstrated frequent incomplete lesion sets and discontinuous lesions.In this model, a reduction in the susceptibility to sustained atrial fibrillation can be achieved by long linear atrial ablations created with specially designed coil electrode catheters. Complete lesion continuity was not required to achieve a therapeutic effect.
761 COMPARISON OF SERUM HBsAg DECLINES DURING TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (TDF) TREATMENT IN DIFFERENT CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) SUB-POPULATIONS
Authors: H.L. Chan, M. Buti, P. Marcellin, L. Lin, B. Massetto, J. Flaherty, M. Subramanian, J. McHutchison, G. Foster, S. Fung, A. Thompson, P. Lampertico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Stokes-Adams Attacks Induced by Rectal Stimulation in a Patient with Complete Heart Block
Authors: ROY W. SCOTT, SALVATORE M. SANCETTA
Journal: Circulation (1950)

This paper reports a case of complete heart block whose Stokes-Adams attacks were induced by straining at stool and invariably by digital stimulation of the rectum. Electrocardiograms during attacks exhibited high ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and chaotic heart action.
Handbook of Medical Treatment
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1964)

To encompass medical treatment in a single pocket-size manual is a prodigious task. The authors succeed in this aim, within certain self-imposed limitations. A specialist may find reason for complaint, criticisms of omission or commission. But the authors are not writing for specialists. Instead, they have attempted "to provide a convenient authoritative reference handbook for everyday use" by the medical student and practitioner. I might quibble that the book is slightly larger than convenient pocket size. But it is a compendium of practical therapeutics, and, particularly for the intern, it fills a definite need. The book is as up to date as possible. For example, in dealing with peptic ulceration, the authors briefly discuss freezing. It is somewhat disturbing to see the attention given to vasopressors in the therapy of shock, particularly after the author of that chapter has been careful to emphasize that the value of such drugs is
Multiple Squamous Papillomas of the Esophagus Diagnosed by Endoscopy
Authors: Manuchehr Darani
Journal: JAMA (1976)

SQUAMOUS papilloma of the esophagus that originates from esophageal mucosa is a distinct rarity. Histologic examination of biopsy specimens obtained by endoscopy has proved to be a valuable addition to the diagnosis of this tumor. A review of the literature shows that only a few cases have been viewed endoscopically.<sup>1</sup>Of the three cases verified histologically, only one was detected by a biopsy specimen obtained by endoscopy.<sup>2</sup> The present report concerns multiple squamous papillomas arising from the upper third of the esophagus and diagnosed endoscopically. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 24-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of upper-abdominal discomfort and history of gastric ulcer of five years' duration. Roentgenographic and endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract was done in another hospital two months prior to admission at our hospital and results were reported as normal. Repeat roentgenograms of the upper gastrointestinal tract done at our
Unusual Color Reaction in Glycosuria Testing During Cephalothin Administration
Authors: John Kostis
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Urinary degradation products of medications may lead to false positive urinalysis tests. An example is the occurrence of a false-positive urine reaction for albumin in some patients receiving sulfonylureas.<sup>1</sup> Recently, during the treatment of two patients with infections and concomitant diabetes mellitus, we noted irregularities in nursing reports of glycosuria. Both patients were receiving cephalothin and investigation of their urine revealed an unusual color reaction when tested with a copper reducing agent (Clinitest). The first patient, a 79-year-old woman, was receiving cephalothin for<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>coagulase positive bronchopneumonia. She had a history of diabetes mellitus of more than 10 years duration which had been controlled by diet. During routine testing of her urine the nurses were often confused in determining whether Clinitest results should be recorded as 2+ or 4+ reaction for glucose. The second patient was a 48-year-old man with diabetes mellitus (well controlled with
Role of polymorphs in inflammatory cartilage destruction in adjuvant arthritis of rats.
Authors: W Mohr, A Wild, H P Wolf
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The inflammatory destruction of cartilage in rat adjuvant arthritis has been studied by histochemistry and autoradiography. Naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase has been used as a marker for polymorphs. The evidence presented here shows that polymorphs accumulate at the cartilage-pannus border and in areas of cartilage loss. These cells appear therefore to be of decisive importance for the destruction of cartilage. Proteoglycans were demonstrated by safranin-O staining: there is a loss of PG that is particularly prominent in zones where pannus had invaded cartilage. By means of 35S labelling of proteoglycans it was possible to show that pannus containing polymorphs can invade living cartilage.