tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Th2 mediated regulation in RA and the spondyloarthropathies
Authors: J A G van Roon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Can atopy help to clarify the role of Th2 mediated regulation in these diseases?

Amongst the heterogeneity of human immune responses T helper (Th) lymphocyte subsets have been shown to have an important role.1 Of these different subsets, Th1 cells mediate cellular immunity, including cytotoxicity and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses through the specific production of interferon γ (IFNγ) and interleukin (IL) 2. Th2 cells, characterised by IL4, IL5, and IL13 production, favour humoral immunity and down regulate Th1 mediated cellular immunity. Th2 responses are associated with IL4/IL13 mediated IgE production and IL5 mediated eosinophilia. Th1 activity in its turn inhibits these responses and results in effective immune responses against several infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. Also, in several autoimmune diseases Th1 cells contribute to the induction and persistence of inflammation and inflammation-induced tissue damage.

Numerous studies have shown that Th1-induced immunity is inhibited by suppressive Th cells other than IL4+ Th2 cells. These suppressive cells are also distinguished by their particular cytokine secretion and/or function: transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)+ Th3 cells, IL10+ T regulatory 1 (Tr1) cells, and CD4+CD25+ anergic/suppressive cells.2,3 Although all these subsets may contribute to suppression of Th1 activity, the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells has been shown to strongly influence many inflammatory responses. Owing to the mutually antagonising abilities of Th1 and Th2 cells in many experimental animal and human in vitro studies, the Th1/Th2 balance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been extensively studied.

“Balance between Th1 and Th2 cells strongly influences inflammatory responses” 

In RA synovial tissue, synovial fluid, and serum, analysis of IFNγ and IL4 production to indicate Th1 and Th2 activity, showed that Th1 activity was clearly predominant and Th2 activity was absent compared with control subjects (table 1).4–6 …
Posterior tibial tendon dislocation: a systematic review of the literature and presentation of a case
Authors: Heinz Lohrer, Tanja Nauck
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

In contrast to posterior tibial tendon lesions, dislocations of the posterior tibial tendon are thought to be 'extremely rare'. Diagnostic criteria for this condition have not yet been established.A systematic literature review revealed 61 published cases with posterior tibial tendon dislocation in 36 reports, including eight (12 patients) in French and five (7 patients) in German. We add one more case, which was complicated by a longitudinal tibial tendon tear and a lateral talar dome osteochondral lesion. Fifty-nine cases were descriptively analysed regarding initial injury, subjective symptoms, clinical presentation and findings on different imaging modalities. Treatment and outcome were additionally evaluated.58.5% of the initial injuries were induced by sport. Initially most cases were misdiagnosed (53.1%). 35.6% of the patients felt a recurrent snapping phenomenon at the medial ankle. Physical examination exhibited a cord-like structure over the medial malleolus in 58.6%, and a posterior tibial tendon (sub)luxation could be provocated in 54.2%. MRI, ultrasound and plain radiography (medial malleolar chip fracture) detected specific findings in 75.0%, 66.7% and 14.7%, respectively. Surgery was done in 83.1% of the patients using varying techniques. The authors judged the treatment result as excellent or asymptomatic in 80%, as good in 12% and as fair or moderate in 8% of the patients.Posterior tibial tendon dislocation occurs more frequently than was previously thought. Misdiagnosis can be avoided, if the surgeon is aware of the condition and combines findings from history, physical investigation and imaging modalities.
Common variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia
Authors: Sekar Kathiresan, Cristen J Willer, Gina M Peloso, Serkalem Demissie, Kiran Musunuru, Eric E Schadt, Lee Kaplan, Derrick Bennett, Yun Li, Toshiko Tanaka, Benjamin F Voight, Lori L Bonnycastle, Anne U Jackson, Gabriel Crawford, Aarti Surti, Candace Guiducci, Noel P Burtt, Sarah Parish, Robert Clarke, Diana Zelenika, Kari A Kubalanza, Mario A Morken, Laura J Scott, Heather M Stringham, Pilar Galan, Amy J Swift, Johanna Kuusisto, Richard N Bergman, Jouko Sundvall, Markku Laakso, Luigi Ferrucci, Paul Scheet, Serena Sanna, Manuela Uda, Qiong Yang, Kathryn L Lunetta, Josée Dupuis, Paul I W de Bakker, Christopher J O'Donnell, John C Chambers, Jaspal S Kooner, Serge Hercberg, Pierre Meneton, Edward G Lakatta, Angelo Scuteri, David Schlessinger, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Francis S Collins, Leif Groop, David Altshuler, Rory Collins, G Mark Lathrop, Olle Melander, Veikko Salomaa, Leena Peltonen, Marju Orho-Melander, Jose M Ordovas, Michael Boehnke, Gonçalo R Abecasis, Karen L Mohlke, L Adrienne Cupples
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Formoterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized, controlled, 3-month trial
Authors: R. Aalbers, J. Ayres, V. Backer, M. Decramer, P.A. Lier, P. Magyar, J. Malolepszy, R. Ruffin, G.W. Sybrecht
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

The aim of this study was to investigate formoterol, an inhaled long-acting β 2 -agonist, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Six-hundred and ninety-two COPD patients, mean baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) 54%, FEV 1 /forced vital capacity 75% of predicted, reversibility 6.4% pred, were treated with formoterol (4.5, 9 or 18 µg b.i.d .) or placebo via Turbuhaler® for 12 weeks. Symptoms were recorded daily. Spirometry and the incremental shuttle walking test (SWT) were performed at clinic visits. Compared with placebo, 18 µg b.i.d . formoterol reduced the mean total symptom score by 13% and increased the percentage of nights without awakenings by 15%. Formoterol (9 and 18 µg b.i.d .) significantly reduced symptom scores for breathlessness (−7% and −9%, respectively) and chest tightness (−11% and −8%, respectively), reduced the need for rescue medication (−25% and −18%, respectively), and increased symptom-free days (71% and 86%, respectively). FEV 1 improved significantly after all three doses of formoterol ( versus placebo). No differences were found between groups in SWT walking distance. No unexpected adverse events were seen. In conclusion, 9 and 18 µg b.i.d. formoterol reduced symptoms and increased the number of symptom-free days in a dose-dependent manner in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Formoterol improved lung function at a dose of 4.5 µg b.i.d. and higher.
Polyglycerolsulfate Functionalized Gold Nanorods as Optoacoustic Signal Nanoamplifiers for In Vivo Bioimaging of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Jonathan Vonnemann, Nicolas Beziere, Christoph Böttcher, Sebastian B. Riese, Christian Kuehne, Jens Dernedde, Kai Licha, Claudio von Schacky, Yvonne Kosanke, Melanie Kimm, Reinhard Meier, Vasilis Ntziachristos, Rainer Haag
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

We have synthesized a targeted imaging agent for rheumatoid arthritis based on polysulfated gold nanorods.The CTAB layer on gold nanorods was first replaced with PEG-thiol and then with dendritic polyglycerolsulfate at elevated temperature, which resulted in significantly reduced cytotoxicity compared to polyanionic gold nanorods functionalized by non-covalent approaches.In addition to classical characterization methods, we have established a facile UV-VIS based BaCl 2 agglomeration assay to confirm a quantitative removal of unbound ligand.With the help of a competitive surface plasmon resonance-based L-selectin binding assay and a leukocyte adhesion-based flow cell assay, we have demonstrated the high inflammation targeting potential of the synthesized gold nanorods in vitro.In combination with the surface plasmon resonance band of AuNRs at 780 nm, these findings permitted the imaging of inflammation in an in vivo mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis with high contrast using multispectral optoacoustic tomography.The study offers a robust method for otherwise difficult to obtain covalently functionalized polyanionic gold nanorods, which are suitable for biological applications as well as a low-cost, actively targeted, and high contrast imaging agent for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.This paves the way for further research in other inflammation associated pathologies, in particular, when photothermal therapy can be applied.
Scalp dermatitis, distinctive hair abnormalities and atopic disease in the ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome
Authors: R.M. TRÜEB, L. BRUCKNER-TUDERMAN, M. WYSS, M. WIDMER, B. WÜTHRICH, G. BURG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Summary We report a 2-year-old girl with a combination of the ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly, cleft lip/ palate (EEC) syndrome, distinctive hair abnormalities, scalp dermatitis and atopic disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of scalp dermatitis in the EEC syndrome. Distinctive structural hair abnormalities shared by the syndromes of ectodermal dysplasia and clefting are helicotrichia, pili torti et canaliculi, and cuticle defects, all of which were observed in the present case. A high incidence of atopic disease in certain subsets of ectodermal dysplasia has been reported. In our patient this manifested as food-induced exacerbation of atopic dermatitis, associated with positive prick tests and significant levels of circulating specific IgE.
Critical Role for FoxO3a-Dependent Regulation of p21 <sup>CIP1/WAF1</sup> in Response to Statin Signaling in Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Ludger Hauck, Christoph Harms, Daniela Grothe, Junfeng An, Karen Gertz, Golo Kronenberg, Rainer Dietz, Matthias Endres, Rüdiger von Harsdorf
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Statins are widely used clinical drugs that exert beneficial growth-suppressive effects in patients with cardiac hypertrophy. We investigated the role of the cell cycle inhibitor p21(CIP1/WAF1) (p21) in statin-dependent inhibition of hypertrophic growth in postmitotic cardiomyocytes. We demonstrate that lovastatin fails to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy to angiotensin II in p21(-/-) mice and that reconstitution of p21 function by TAT.p21 protein transduction can rescue statin action in these otherwise normally developed animals. Lovastatin specifically recruits the forkhead box FoxO3a transcription factor to the p21 promoter, mediating transcriptional transactivation of the p21 gene as analyzed in isolated primary cardiomyocytes. Lovastatin also stimulates protein kinase B/Akt kinase activity, and Akt-dependent phosphorylation forces p21 in the cytoplasm, where it inhibits Rho-kinases contributing to the suppression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Loss of p21 or FoxO3a by RNA interference causes a general inhibition of lovastatin signal transduction. These results suggest that p21 functions as FoxO3a downstream target to mediate an statin-derived anti-hypertrophic response. Taken together, our genetic and biochemical data delineate an essential function of p21 for statin-dependent inhibition of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy.
What goes around, comes around
Authors: Liam Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2007)

It is a great time to be Irish; this is the first generation for hundreds of years to be free of the scourge of emigration, of the flight from snipe grass and poverty, of our young people dispersing on the four winds. 

When I qualified in the 1980s most of my class were already preparing for flight. When my best pal in college, Mick Fitzpatrick, left for Canada, we were not overly sentimental, but 20 years later he's still there and has made a new and happy life for himself and …
Permanent right ventricular pacing through an anomalous left superior vena cava.
Authors: S Amikam, J Lemer, E Riss
Journal: Thorax (1977)

A persistent left superior vena cava can complicate the implantation of a transvenous pacemaker. In a patient who required a permanent pacemaker, this venous anomaly was discovered during the insertion of the electrode but it did not prevent long-term right ventricular pacing. This was achieved after the electrode had been manipulated through the coronary sinus and right atrium. A plan of management is proposed for dealing with this unexpected problem.
Latex allergy in spina bifida patients – prevention by primary prophylaxis
Authors: R. Cremer, U. Kleine‐Diepenbruck, A. Hoppe, F. Bläker
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Background The effect of latex prophylaxis has not been investigated in spina bifida children, a high‐risk group for latex allergy. As repeated operations have been identified as a major cause of latex sensitization, we wanted to find out whether primary latex prophylaxis during surgery could prevent latex allergy in children with spina bifida. Methods In December 1995, we established latex‐free surgery and anesthesia for all patients with spina bifida regardless of their sensitization to latex. Twelve children born after that date (mean age 1.2 years, mean ntmiber of operations 3.3, range 1 ‐7) were tested for specific IgE against latex until December 1997 (ImmunoCap, Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) and compared with eight children born before December 1995 (mean age 1.3 years, mean number of operations 3.6, range 1–8), in whom a test for latex IgE had been done before the age of 2 years. Results Before we established primary prophylaxis, three of seven children with spina bifida (38%) were sensitized to latex until the age of 2 years. After the establishment of a latex‐free operating theater for spina bifida patients, none of the 12 patients were sensitized to latex despite up to seven operations in each child. Conclusions Primary latex prophylaxis during surgery can prevent latex sensitization in young spina bifida patients.
Turkish doctors collude in torture
Authors: P. Mansour
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Doctors in Turkey are colluding in the torture of detainees, says a new report by Amnesty International. While many are put under intense pressure to cover up evidence of torture by issuing false medical or postmortem reports, others seem to collaborate willingly with the security forces, the human rights organisation claims.

Doctors have been prosecuted for “humiliating the Turkish State” by issuing medical …
Pregnancy Complicated by Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Michael B. Schneider, Guillermo E. Umpierrez, Risa D. Ramsey, William C. Mabie, Kelly A. Bennett
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Despite intensified insulin treatment and strict surveillance of metabolic control in diabetic women during pregnancy, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) complicates 2–9% of diabetic pregnancies (1) and represents the leading cause of fetal loss, with a fetal mortality rate of 30–90% (1–3).

From August 1991 to December 2001, 2,025 pregnant women with diabetes were admitted to the University of Tennessee Women’s Hospital. Of these, 888 women (44%) received insulin therapy, and 11 women (1.2%) presented with DKA (blood glucose: 377 ± 27 mg/dl, pH: 7.22 ± 0.01, bicarbonate 7.9 ± 3 mEq/l, …
Adult mouse subventricular zones stimulate glioblastoma stem cells specific invasion through CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling
Authors: Nicolas Goffart, Jérôme Kroonen, Emmanuel Di Valentin, Matthias Dedobbeleer, Alexandre Denne, Philippe Martinive, Bernard Rogister
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have an overall median survival of 15 months. This catastrophic survival rate is the consequence of systematic relapses that could arise from remaining glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) left behind after surgery. We previously demonstrated that GSCs are able to escape the tumor mass and specifically colonize the adult subventricular zones (SVZs) after transplantation. This specific localization, away from the initial injection site, therefore represents a high-quality model of a clinical obstacle to therapy and relapses because GSCs notably retain the ability to form secondary tumors. In this work, we questioned the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in the GSC-specific invasion of the SVZs. We demonstrated that both receptor and ligand are respectively expressed by different GBM cell populations and by the SVZ itself. In vitro migration bio-assays highlighted that human U87MG GSCs isolated from the SVZs (U87MG-SVZ) display stronger migratory abilities in response to recombinant CXCL12 and/or SVZ-conditioned medium (SVZ-CM) compared with cancer cells isolated from the tumor mass (U87MG-TM). Moreover, in vitro inhibition of the CXCR4 signaling significantly decreased the U87MG-SVZ cell migration in response to the SVZ-CM. Very interestingly, treating U87MG-xenografted mice with daily doses of AMD3100, a specific CXCR4 antagonist, prevented the specific invasion of the SVZ. Another in vivo experiment, using CXCR4-invalidated GBM cells, displayed similar results. Taken together, these data demonstrate the significant role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in this original model of brain cancer invasion.
CASE OF TUBERCLES IN THE BRAIN: WITH REMARKS PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ON THE FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS CENTRES INVOLVED IN THE DISEASE
Authors: R. Dunn
Journal: BMJ (1854)

IxPRSD with the conviction that every contribution to the pathology of the nervou system is important, I need offer no apology for placing upon record, in the pages of the AssoCIATION JOURNAL, the following detail of a case of Tubercles in the Brain which has lately come under my observation.We are all under great obligations to my friend, Mr. H.Ancell, for hi8 able and profound exposition of the subject of Tberculosis; yet, it must be acknowledged, there is still much truth in the remark of M. Lugol, "that the diagnosis of cerebral tubercle is involved in the greatest obscurity".I hope, therefore, that others will follow my example, and place upon record such instances of the disease as may come under their notice; so that the ob- scurity, if possible, may be lessened, if it cannot be entirely removed.It has not unfrequently happened, as in the present instance, that cerebral tubercles have been met with in post mortem inspections, in cases in which their existence during life had not been suspected.They have very rarely been found in adult life; and Abercrombie, in his work on Dieam of the Brain, gives but a single in- stance as having come under his own personal observation.In early life their occurrence is more frequent: and Dr.
Systemic Vasculitis Presenting with Massive Bowel Infarction
Authors: D A Collins, O Duke
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1995)

Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic vasculitis occurs in up to 30% of patients. Fortunately intestinal infarction is a rare complication, but if present carries a high mortality, and swift management of the underlying vasculitis is crucial. Two such cases are described.
A New<i>ELOVL4</i>Mutation in a Case of Spinocerebellar Ataxia With Erythrokeratodermia
Authors: Cynthia V. Bourassa, Salmo Raskin, Sérgio Serafini, Hélio A. G. Teive, Patrick A. Dion, Guy A. Rouleau
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)
Bronchodilating effect of ipratropium bromide inhalation powder and aerosol in children and adolescents with stable bronchial asthma
Authors: C. S. Ulrik, V. Backer, N. Bach‐Mortensen
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Ulrik CS, Backer V, Bach‐Mortensen N. Bronchodilating effect of ipratropium bromide inhalation powder and aerosol in children and adolescents with stable bronchial asthma. The purpose of this study was to compare the bronchodilating effect of ipratropium bromide (IB) administered by a conventional Ingelheim powder device system (IPI) and by a metered dose inhaler (MDI) in children and adolescents with stable bronchial asthma. Seventy patients, aged 7 to 16 years, with stable bronchial asthma from our outpatient clinic were tested for bronchial responsiveness to inhaled IB. Fifteen (21%) of the 70 subjects were found to have a substantial bronchial response to inhalation of 40 γg IB, i.e. at least 15% increase in FEV 1 30 min after inhalation; the remaining 55 subjects had &lt;15% increase in FEV 1 . No relationship between severity of asthma, age or sex and bronchial responsiveness to inhaled IB was found. Among the 15 subjects who had substantial bronchial response to IB, the increase in FEV 1 after inhalation of fenoterol tended to be greater than the response to inhaled IB, although this did not reach statistical significance. Responders, i.e. subjects who had at least 15% increase in FEV 1 after inhalation of IB, took part in a double‐blind, cross‐over study of the bronchodilating effect of 40 γg IB delivered by IPI and MDI. We found no significant differences in the bronchodilating effect during a 6‐h follow‐up. Maximum bronchodilating effect of IB was reached after 30 min and the maximum response lasted for 90 min. No side or adverse effects were observed following inhalation of IB. We conclude that before starting treatment with ipratropium bromide for bronchial asthma in children and adolescents, the patients should be tested for bronchial responsiveness to inhaled IB to find out whether they are responders or nonresponders; and further that, among responders, inhalation of powder is as effective as inhalation from a dosis‐aerosol.
Genetic Predisposition to Fiber Carcinogenesis Causes a Mesothelioma Epidemic in Turkey
Authors: A. Umran Dogan, Y. Izzettin Baris, Meral Dogan, Salih Emri, Ian Steele, Amira G. Elmishad, Michele Carbone
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Malignant mesothelioma in the western world is often associated with asbestos exposure. It is a relatively rare cancer that causes approximately 2,500 deaths yearly in the United States and 1,000 deaths yearly in the United Kingdom. In contrast, among people born in the Cappadocian (Turkey) villages of Tuzkoy, Karain, and "Old" Sarihidir, approximately 50% of deaths are caused by malignant mesothelioma. This epidemic has been attributed to erionite exposure, a type of fibrous zeolite mineral commonly found in this area of Turkey. In these three villages, malignant mesothelioma occurs in certain houses but not in others. The hypothesis was that a unique and more carcinogenic erionite was present in certain houses and caused malignant mesothelioma. We determined the X-ray diffraction pattern and the crystal structure of erionite from malignant mesothelioma villages and compared the results with the erionite samples from nearby non-malignant mesothelioma villages and from the United States. We found the same type of erionite in Cappadocian villages, with or without a malignant mesothelioma epidemic, in households with high or no incidence of malignant mesothelioma and in the United States. Pedigree studies of the three malignant mesothelioma villages showed that malignant mesothelioma was prevalent in certain families but not in others. When high-risk malignant mesothelioma family members married into families with no history of it, malignant mesothelioma appeared in the descendants. Genetically predisposed family members born and raised outside the malignant mesothelioma villages did not seem to develop malignant mesothelioma. In summary, pedigree and mineralogical studies indicate that the malignant mesothelioma epidemic is caused by erionite exposure in genetically predisposed individuals. This is the first time that genetics is shown to influence mineral fiber carcinogenesis.