tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spout Cervical Oesophagostomy
Authors: C. Cummins
Journal: BMJ (1968)

BRITMattribute to an " abstinence syndrome."In all of the literature which I have been able to survey, and in personal clinical experience, hallucinations have not been seen as a symp- tom of psychostimulant withdrawal.The most generally described symptoms are lethargy, depression, and suicide attempt.I would suspect that these symptoms in the case presented represent the psychologic response of a schizophrenic woman to the withdrawal of a drug on which she is psychic- ally dependent, or a psychic response to hospitalization.Studies have demonstrated the considerable correspondence between very large doses of stimulants over a period of a few days and the development of a paranoid psychosis.'The aetiology of a psychosis which has existed for one and a half years at first observation, developing four and a half years after beginning to take excessive quantities of phenmetrazine, is problematic.This is so especially when that dosage, while excessive, is less than that which may be necessary to cause the acute, drug-induced psychosis.If we may roughly equate 25 mg.phenmetrazine with 5 mg.dexamphetamine, then their patient took the equivalent of 30-40 mg.dex- amphetamine, daily.This is, in my experi- ence, insufficient to cause an acute drug (or sleep deprivation) psychosis.That chronic, moderately high doses of amphetamines can cause a psychosis independent of personality variables has been suggested,2 but not estab- lished.-Iam, etc.,
Informed Consent to Promote Patient-Centered Care
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Quality of life of elderly people after surgery for benign oesophageal stricture.
Authors: B. N. Jayawardhana, K. Moghissi, J. Knox
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Full textFull text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Click on a page image below to browse page by page. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References.




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Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article. 

Stoddard CJ, Simms JM. Dilatation of benign oesophageal strictures in the outpatient department. Br J Surg. 1984 Oct;71(10):752–753. [PubMed]
Croker JR, Vallon AG, Cotton PB. Benign oesophageal stricture in the elderly--use of cimetidine and fibre-optic dilatation. Age Ageing. 1980 Feb;9(1):53–58. [PubMed]
Williamson RC. The management of peptic oesophageal stricture. Br J Surg. 1975 Jun;62(6):448–454. [PubMed]
Mohansingh MP. Mortality of oesophagal surgery in the elderly. Br J Surg. 1976 Aug;63(8):579–580. [PubMed]
CONTRIBUTION OF LIPOPROTEIN-ASSOCIATED PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 TO EARLY NECROTIC CORE FORMATION IN HUMAN CORONARY LESIONS: A PATHOLOGIC STUDY
Authors: Fumiyuki Otsuka, Miranda C.A. Kramer, Masataka Nakano, Saami K. Yazdani, Elena Ladich, Aloke V. Finn, Frank D. Kolodgie, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Central nervous system nitric oxide synthase activity regulates insulin secretion and insulin action.
Authors: R Shankar, J S Zhu, B Ladd, D Henry, H Q Shen, A D Baron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Systemic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) causes acute insulin resistance (IR), but the mechanism is unknown. We tested whether L-NMMA-induced IR occurs via NOS blockade in the central nervous system (CNS). Six groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied after chronic implantation of an intracerebroventricular (ICV) catheter into the lateral ventricle and catheters into the carotid artery and jugular vein. Animals were studied after overnight food deprivation, awake, unrestrained, and unstressed; all ICV infusion of L-NMMA or D-NMMA (control) were performed with artificial cerebrospinal fluid. ICV administration of L-NMMA resulted in a 30% rise in the basal glucose level after 2 h, while ICV D-NMMA had no effect on glucose levels. Insulin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels were unchanged from baseline in both groups. Tracer (3H-3-glucose)-determined glucose disposal rates during 2 h euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (300 microU/ml) clamps performed after ICV administration of L-NMMA were reduced by 22% compared with D-NMMA. Insulin secretory responses to a hyperglycemic clamp and to a superimposed arginine bolus were reduced by 28% in L-NMMA-infused rats compared with D-NMMA. In conclusion, ICV administration of L-NMMA causes hyperglycemia via the induction of defects in insulin secretion and insulin action, thus recapitulating abnormalities observed in type 2 diabetes. The data suggest the novel concept that central NOS-dependent pathways may control peripheral insulin action and secretion. This control is not likely to be mediated via adrenergic mechanisms and could occur via nonadrenergic, noncholinergic nitrergic neural and/or endocrine pathways. These data support previously published data suggesting that CNS mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of some forms of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes independent of adiposity.
Cervical cytology in the Vale of Trent faculty of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 1985-8.
Authors: A Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To assess changes in the organisation and performance of cervical cytology programmes in the practices of members of the Vale of Trent faculty of the Royal College of General Practitioners.Retrospective audits completed in 1985 and 1988 by general practitioners on a sequential sample of 100 records of women aged 35-64 in their practice.General practices in which one or more partners were members or associates of the Vale of Trent faculty of the college, of which 76 participated in the first audit and 55 (82% of 67 eligible practices) in the second.Sequential samples of 100 women born between 1 January 1920 and 31 December 1949 (first audit) and between 1 January 1923 and 31 December 1952 (second audit) whose surnames began with P or B respectively.Percentage of women in each practice with a record of cervical cytology performed in the previous five years and percentage with no recorded smear.Of the 76 practices completing the audit in 1985, 55 (82% of those eligible) repeated the exercise in 1988. Performance was not significantly different in practices that did and did not respond. The median percentage of women who had had a smear in the previous five years was 49% and 69% in 1985 and 1988 respectively (p less than 0.001) and that of women with no record of a cervical smear was 28% and 16% respectively (p less than 0.001). All but six practices showed improvement in both outcome measures. In both audits an active call system was associated with a significantly increased performance (p less than 0.05). In nine practices (16%) 80% or more of the samples of women had had a smear in the previous five years.Organisation and performance of practices audited improved between 1985 and 1988. Although this might result from participation in the first audit, it probably represents a more general trend within primary care.Between the two audits more practices (87% v 67%) had developed a policy on screening, and this was more likely to include the aim of performing regular smears on all sexually active women (98% v 80%).
Evidence for a Direct Stimulatory Effect of Prostacyclin on Renin Release in Man
Authors: Carlo Patrono, Francesco Pugliese, Giovanni Ciabattoni, Paola Patrignani, Attilio Maseri, Sergio Chierchia, Bernhard A. Peskar, Giulio A. Cinotti, Bianca M. Simonetti, Alessandro Pierucci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS INVESTIGATION WERE: (a) to characterize the time and dose dependence of the effects of prostacyclin (PGI(2)) on renin release in healthy men; (b) to define whether PGI(2)-induced renin release is secondary to hemodynamic changes; (c) to determine the plasma and urine concentrations of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) (the stable breakdown product of PGI(2)) associated with renin release induced by exogenous or pharmacologically enhanced endogenous PGI(2). Intravenous PGI(2) or 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) infusions at nominal rates of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 ng/kg per min were performed in each of six normal human subjects; in three of them, PGI(2) infusion was repeated after beta-adrenergic blockade and cyclooxygenase inhibition. PGI(2), but not 6-keto-PGF(1alpha), caused a time- and dose-dependent increase of plasma renin activity, which reached statistical significance at 5.0 ng/kg per min and was still significantly elevated 30 min after discontinuing the infusion. Although combined propranolol and indomethacin treatment significantly enhanced the hypotensive effects of infused PGI(2), it did not modify the dose-related pattern of PGI(2)-induced renin release. Plasma 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) levels rose from undetectable levels (<7.5 pg/ml) in a stepwise fashion during increasingly higher infusion rates of PGI(2) or 6-keto-PGF(1alpha). The threshold concentration of plasma 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) associated with a statistically significant stimulation of renin release was approximately 200 pg/ml. Upon discontinuing PGI(2) or 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) infusion, the disappearance of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) from blood showed an identical biphasic behavior, the initial phase having an apparent t((1/2)) of 3.2 min. The intravenous infusion of furosemide, which is known to stimulate renin release via a cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanism, caused a three-to fourfold increase of urinary 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) excretion rate, concomitant with the elevation of plasma renin activity levels, in six healthy women. 6-Keto-PGF(1alpha) remained undetectable in peripheral venous plasma throughout the study. WE CONCLUDE THAT IN HUMAN SUBJECTS: (a) PGI(2)-induced renin release occurs with a dose and time dependence similar to its reported platelet effects; (b) PGI(2)-induced renin release is not mediated by adrenergic stimuli or cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanisms secondary to hemodynamic changes; (c) furosemide-induced renin release is associated with increased renal PGI(2) formation; and (d) PGI(2) appears to act as a local modulator rather than a circulating hormone in controlling juxtaglomerular function.
The effect of novel polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene on IL-6 transcription and plasma IL-6 levels, and an association with systemic-onset juvenile chronic arthritis.
Authors: D Fishman, G Faulds, R Jeffery, V Mohamed-Ali, J S Yudkin, S Humphries, P Woo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

During active disease, patients with systemic-onset juvenile chronic arthritis (S-JCA) demonstrate a rise and fall in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) that parallels the classic quotidian fever. To investigate the possibility that this cytokine profile results from a difference in the control of IL-6 expression, we examined the 5' flanking region of the IL-6 gene for polymorphisms. A G/C polymorphism was detected at position -174. In a group of 383 healthy men and women from a general practice in North London, the frequency of the C allele was 0.403 (95% confidence interval 0.37-0.44). In comparison, 92 patients with S-JCA had a different overall genotype frequency, especially those with onset of disease at < 5 yr of age. This was mainly due to the statistically significant lower frequency of the CC genotype in this subgroup. When comparing constructs of the 5' flanking region (-550-+61 bp) in a luciferase reporter vector transiently transfected into HeLa cells, the -174C construct showed 0.624+/-0.15-fold lower expression than the -174G construct. After stimulation with LPS or IL-1, expression from the -174C construct did not significantly change after 24 h, whereas expression from the -174G construct increased by 2.35+/-0.10- and 3.60+/-0.26-fold, respectively, compared with the unstimulated level. Plasma levels of IL-6 were also measured in 102 of the healthy subjects, and the C allele was found to be associated with significantly lower levels of plasma IL-6. These results suggest that there is a genetically determined difference in the degree of the IL-6 response to stressful stimuli between individuals. The reduced frequency of the potentially protective CC genotype in young S-JCA patients may contribute to its pathogenesis. Similarly the individual's IL-6 genotype may be highly relevant in other conditions where IL-6 has been implicated, such as atherosclerosis.
The Rehabilitation of Patients Totally Paralyzed below the Waist: With Special Reference to Making Them Ambulatory and Capable of Earning Their Living
Authors: Donald Munro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

IF he has been properly treated, every patient with a spinal-cord or cauda equina injury who is intelligent and Cooperative and has the use of the shoulder, arm and hand muscles can be made ambulatory; can have such control of the bladder and bowels as to sleep through the night without either getting up or wetting himself; can carry out ordinary activities throughout the day without soiling himself with feces or having to evacuate his bladder oftener than once every three hours; can lead a normal social life, and within the limits of his intellectual capacity, can earn a satisfactory . . .
Hiding the road signs that lead to tumor immunity
Authors: David A. Schaer, Alexander M. Lesokhin, Jedd D. Wolchok
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

Tumors exploit many strategies to evade T cell–mediated destruction. For example, tumors can prevent T cell infiltration by modifying gene expression in the endothelial cells and pericytes that form their vasculature. New work showing that the T cell–attracting chemokine CCL2 can be posttranslationally modified in the tumor microenvironment adds another mechanism to the already formidable arsenal of immunoevasion tactics used by solid tumors.
Combining poly-arginine with the hydrophobic counter-anion 4-(1-pyrenyl)-butyric acid for protein transduction in transdermal delivery
Authors: Gerile Candan, Hiroyuki Michiue, Sanae Ishikawa, Atsushi Fujimura, Keiichiro Hayashi, Atsuhito Uneda, Akiko Mori, Iori Ohmori, Tei-ichi Nishiki, Hideki Matsui, Kazuhito Tomizawa
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Screening for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in hospital patients and their healthcare worker and family contacts: a prospective descriptive study
Authors: Z.A. Memish, J.A. Al-Tawfiq, H.Q. Makhdoom, A.A. Al-Rabeeah, A. Assiri, R.F. Alhakeem, F.A. AlRabiah, S. Al Hajjar, A. Albarrak, H. Flemban, H. Balkhy, M. Barry, S. Alhassan, S. Alsubaie, A. Zumla
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Neurofibromatosis 2: Clinical and DNA Linkage Studies of a Large Kindred
Authors: Wladimir Wertelecki, Guy A. Rouleau, Duane W. Superneau, Lois W. Forehand, John P. Williams, Jonathan L. Haines, James F. Gusella
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

At least eight provisional categories of neurofibromatosis have been proposed. Among these, neurofibromatosis 1 (von Recklinghausen's disease or peripheral neurofibromatosis) and neurofibromatosis 2 (central or bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis) have been established as distinct disorders. We studied 15 affected male and 8 affected female members of one large kindred with neurofibromatosis 2. None of the patients met the diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis 1. Between the ages of 15 and 53 years, the patients had multiple central nervous system tumors of various types--mainly, bilateral acoustic neuromas. Two or more tumors eventually developed in 20 of the patients; 9 had evidence of only bilateral acoustic neuromas. Meningiomas and ependymomas were more common among the young patients; those who initially presented with acoustic neuromas were nearly a decade older. Intracranial nontumoral calcifications were present in most patients and were also found in symptom-free children. The presence of such lesions is probably a prodromic feature of neurofibromatosis 2. Simultaneous analysis of D22S1 and IGLV DNA markers for coinheritance with neurofibromatosis 2 indicates that the locus for the disease is near the center of the long arm of chromosome 22 (22q11.1----22q13.1). The eventual isolation of this disease gene may reveal a cause of the most common intracranial tumors in humans.
Extracardiac Uptake on Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in a Patient With Diaphragmatic Paralysis and Chilaiditi's Sign
Authors: Muge Tamam, Cuneyt Tamam, Duzgun Yldrm
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

We present a rare case of extracardiac activity in right hemitorax secondary to the Chilaiditi sign and diaphragmatic paralysis due to right hemiplegia identified incidentally during myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. A 77-year-old man with right hemiplegia suspected of having ischemic heart disease, was admitted for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy studies. On raw data images, intense bowel uptake in the right hemithorax was visualized. Chest radiography and CT images of the patient were evaluated and Chilaiditi sign was found. This sign is a relatively rare condition with an incidence ranging between 0.025% and 0.28%, considered as a normal variant.
Decision to resect an adrenal mass depends on size of mass and age of patient
Authors: A. K Sharma, M. H Wheeler
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Data are not now collected by ethnic group in South AfricaEditor-Claire Hilton notes that since April 1995 British hospitals have had to collect data on each patient's ethnic group. 1 In the United States this is standard practice.In the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report data on numerous variables relating to the health and ill health of black and white people are regularly given 2 -as also, on occasion, are data on Hispanics, American Indians, Inuits, and Pacific Islanders.In South Africa precisely the converse has occurred.Ethnic subdivisions have stopped appearing in reports from the Central Statistics Services, and thus mortalities are no longer given for the constituent populations (black, Asian, coloured (Eur-African-Malay), and white), only for the combined population.Additionally, in our big cities annual reports from public health departments provide only combined data on morbidity and mortality.Disadvantages are many.Recently, colleagues and I reviewed changes in the total death rate and the death rate from coronary heart disease in South African populations. 3 We found that, from 1978 to 1989, mortality from coronary heart disease fell by 56% in the white population and by 36% in each of the Indian and coloured populations.Because changes in mortality from this foremost "killer" are continuing we intended to update our information.But this is now precluded.Currently, desegregation does not apply to our national cancer registry.But if it did how, for example, could benefits from Papanicolaou smear tests be assessed?The incidences of cervical cancer in the black and coloured populations are among the highest in the world.The constituent populations of South Africa have a wider divergence in the occurrence of a variety of diseases than occurs in any other country: coronary heart disease, appendicitis, colon cancer, and hip fractures.Interethnic differences in the occurrence of disease, reactivity, and metabolism are well known elsewhere. 4 In South Africa the change to using combined data will make it harder to identify and quantify the target populations who are in most need of help, as well as severely stultifying research on the occurrence of disease and on combating it.Hilton is right, of course, that the level of treatment is affected by ethnic group.Recently, in the United States the effect of race and income on mortality and the use of services among beneficiaries of Medicare was investigated; both race and income were shown as having substantial prejudicial effects, that of race being much more pronounced than that of income. 5This is a matter of universal shame.
Induction of Sarcoma in the Rat by Iron--Dextran Complex
Authors: H. G. Richmond
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Bmou 947In the present patient extreme debility and prolonged antibiotic therapy were probably the most important factors in the development of systemic candidiasis.Latterly the progress of the disease may have been accelerated by cortisone therapy and by intravenous administration of 20% glucose saline.Indeed, Duhig and Mead (1951) and Schaberg and his colleagues regarded the prolonged use of intravenous glucose saline as an important factor in establishing the infection in theircases.Some form of injection appears to be common to all cases of systemic candidiasis irrespective of the use of antibiotics.Here, however, infection from the alimentary tract may have occurred at operation, since local peritoneal exudate infected with C. tropicalis was present between the stomach and liver at necropsy.Systemic candidiasis has been reported after duodenal perforation or abdominal operations on a number of occasions (Brown et al.; Schaberg et al.; Caplan, 1955; Matthias and Rees; Barrett et al.).This case illustrates the various clinical factors predisposing to the development of systemic candidiasis.The history suggests that Candida may proliferate in the blood of a patient without any clinical signs of systemic moniliasis appearing other than pyrexia.Unexplained pyrexia occurring in prolonged debilitating diseases, especially where antibiotics and intravenous alimentation have been used, is an indication for culturing the blood in media suitable for the growth of fungi.Summary A case of systemic candidiasis due to C. tropicalis infection is recorded, and the clinical features, bacteriological investigations, and pathological findings are described.C. tropicalis endocarditis affected the right atrium.Other cases of monilial endocarditis are reviewed, and the aetiology and pathogenesis of the condition are discussed.