tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Toss-up
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer, Stephen G. Pauker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Considerable turmoil is often created when expert physicians have different and strongly held opinions about the optimal treatment strategy for a given patient. Indeed, opinions may be widely discrepant: one clinician may recommend a risky surgical procedure, and the other may favor medical therapy; one may propose an invasive diagnostic test, and the other may dismiss the test as unnecessary and insist that the patient be treated without delay. Paradoxically, sometimes a surgeon advocates medical therapy while the internist recommends surgery. How do we explain these striking contrasts? Are some physicians naturally attracted to more aggressive treatments? Do some require . . .
Effect of concurrent acute infection with hepatitis C virus on acute hepatitis B virus infection.
Authors: L T Mimms, J W Mosley, F B Hollinger, R D Aach, C E Stevens, M Cunningham, D V Vallari, L H Barbosa, G J Nemo
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the possible interference with acute hepatitis B virus infection by co-infection with hepatitis C virus. DESIGN--Analysis of stored sera collected for transfusion transmitted viruses study in 1970s. SETTING--Four major medical centres in the United States. PATIENTS--12 recipients of blood infected with hepatitis B virus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--In 1970s, presence of antibodies in hepatitis B virus and raised serum alanine aminotransferase concentration; detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus with new enzyme linked immunoassays. RESULTS--Five of the 12 patients were coinfected with hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis B surface antigen was first detected at day 59 in patients infected with hepatitis B virus alone and at day 97 in those coinfected with hepatitis C virus (p = 0.01); median durations of antigenaemia were 83 and 21 days respectively (p = 0.05), and the antigen concentration was lower in the coinfected patients. Alanine aminotransferase patterns were uniphasic when hepatitis B virus infection occurred alone (range 479-2465 IU/l) and biphasic in patients with combined acute infection (no value &gt; 380 IU/l; p = 0.0025). Four coinfected recipients developed chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The fifth patient was followed for only four months. CONCLUSIONS--Acute coinfection with hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus inhibits hepatitis B virus infection in humans, and onset of hepatitis B may reduce the severity of hepatitis C virus infection but not frequency of chronicity. Alanine aminotransferase concentration showed a biphasic pattern in dual infection.
UTILITY OF INTRAPROCEDURAL EQUILIBRIUM RADIONUCLIDE ANGIOGRAM TO EVALUATE LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION AND SYNCHRONY DURING CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY
Authors: Nitish Badhwar, Deanna L. Green, William Graham, Nancy Wyatt, Teresa DeMarco, J.W. O’Connell, Elias H. Botvinick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
THE MANAGEMENT OF CERTAIN INTRACTABLE LID CONDITIONS
Authors: MELVILLE BLACK
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Seborrheic forms of blepharitis marginalis of long standing are not always easy to dispose of by the cor- rection of errors of refraction and the application of ointment of yellow mercuric oxid.There are probably few present who have not been sadly disappointed in their expectations of a cure from this treatment.In many of these cases there is an underlying systemic cause which is often hard to find and, when found, harder to correct.Long years of uncorrected eye strain, bad hygiene and improperuse of food and drink have brought the patient to such a state that our ministrations can at best only partly restore the eye lids to a normal appearance.After the disease has become chronic, it resolves itself locally into a chronic infection of the follicles of the eyelashes.I am inclined to think that it is at first a nutritive distur- bance and that the infection is secondary.If several lashes are pulled from such a lid, in a mild state of blepharitis, it will be observed that some of them come away more easily than others and that their roots are black.The lashes, if left alone, would fall out in a few days' time.This disturbance of nutrition may be occasioned by errors of refraction which lower the resistance to infection, or some physical state which acts as the predisposing cause.The correction of the error of refraction and the use of yellow oxid oint¬ ment will generally bring about a temporary improve¬ ment, but, in the stubborn cases we are considering, the underlying general constitutional cause must be eliminated.In many instances, I do not consider myself competent to do this and prefer to refer the case to an internist in whom I have confidence.
Modeling, simulating, and simplifying links between stress, attachment, and reproduction
Authors: Dean Petters, Everett Waters
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract John Bowlby's use of evolutionary theory as a cornerstone of his attachment theory was innovative in its day and remains useful. Del Giudice's target article extends Belsky et al.'s and Chisholm's efforts to integrate attachment theory with more current thinking about evolution, ecology, and neuroscience. His analysis would be strengthened by (1) using computer simulation to clarify and simulate the effects of early environmental stress, (2) incorporating information about non-stress related sources of individual differences, (3) considering the possibility of adaptive behavior without specific evolutionary adaptations, and (4) considering whether the attachment construct is critical to his analysis.
Beta-Receptor Blockade and Myocardial Effects of Cardiac Glycosides
Authors: JAN KOCH-WESER
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Because of suggestions that norepinephrine release from cardiac sympathetic nerves contributes to the myocardial action of digitalis, the effect of betareceptor blockade on these actions was determined. 10 -6 M propranolol did not alter the basal contractility of isolated kitten papillary muscles or of atrial strips from kittens, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, and chickens but decreased by 85% their inotropic response to norepinephrine released by tyramine or highintensity electrical stimulation. The same concentration of propranolol had no effect on cumulative inotropic concentration-effect curves for ouabain, acetylstrophanthidin, and digoxin in these preparations. Presence of propranolol did not modify the actions of cardiac glycosides on the time course of isometric contraction. Beta-receptor blockade was without effect on decreases in active tension and increases in resting tension induced by toxic concentrations of cardioactive steroids. The frequency of digitalis-induced automaticity in guinea pig atrial strips and kitten papillary muscles was significantly decreased by propranolol, presumably because of its direct electrophysiologic actions. Exposure of cat hearts to digoxin in vivo and to ouabain in vitro had no effect on myocardial norepinephrine concentrations. It is concluded that release of myocardial norepinephrine plays no role in the actions of cardiac glycosides on the heart.
NHLBI Workshop summary. Stress and asthma.
Authors: W W Busse, J K Kiecolt-Glaser, C Coe, R J Martin, S T Weiss, S R Parker
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

"NHLBI Workshop summary. Stress and asthma.." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 151(1), pp. 249–252
Book: Alas, Poor Darwin: Arguments Against Evolutionary Psychology
Authors: P. Higgs
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Eds Hilary Rose, Steven Rose Johnathan Cape £17.99, pp 292 ISBN 0224 06 0309 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> In 1977 Edward O Wilson, the renowned entomologist, published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis , which insisted on the biological foundations of social relations. In 1998 he published Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge , which attempted to bring together all the branches of knowledge under the umbrella of the natural sciences. He concluded the book by declaring that the workings of all social institutions are ultimately reducible to the laws of physics. It is against this reductionist desire that Alas, Poor Darwin is directed. Edited by … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Cholesterol synthesis in the intestine of man: regional differences and control mechanisms
Authors: John M. Dietschy, William G. Gamel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Cholesterol in the circulating serum pool is derived either from absorption of dietary cholesterol or from endogenous synthesis principally in the liver and gastrointestinal tract. While the control of intestinal cholesterogenesis has been elucidated in several lower animal species, no data currently are available in the case of man. In the present study using tissue specimens obtained by suction biopsy in 29 normal subjects, we have shown the rate of cholesterogenesis is low in the stomach (25 +/-6 mmumoles/g per 2 hr) and rectum (40 +/-8 mmumoles/g per 2 hr); in the small bowel the rate progressively decreases in the proximal duodenum (90 +/-16 mmumoles/g per 2 hr); distal duodenum (80 +/-11 mmumoles/g per 2 hr); and distal jejunum (35 +/-5 mmumoles/g per 2 hr); but abruptly increases in the distal ileum (280 +/-33 mmumoles/g per 2 hr). Indirect evidence is provided that the intestinal crypt epithelium is the main site of this sterol synthesis. Fasting for 48 hr suppressed the rate of cholesterogenesis in the distal duodenum from a control value of 80 +/-11 mmumoles/g per 2 hr to 40 +/-8 mmumoles/g per 2 hr while cholesterol feeding for 7 days did not alter the rate of cholesterol synthesis (75 +/-12 mmumoles/g per 2 hr). This resistance to cholesterol feeding also was present in the distal ileum where control and cholesterol-fed subjects had comparable rates of cholesterogenesis (280 and 261 mmumoles/g per 2 hr, respectively). Interruption of the enterohepatic circulation, in contrast, resulted in greatly enhanced sterol synthesis with a mean rate of 259 +/-29 mmumoles/g per 2 hr being found in the duodenum of four patients with biliary obstruction as compared with the rate of 80 +/-11 mmumoles/g per 2 hr in control subjects. These studies indicate that the mechanisms of control of cholesterol synthesis by the human intestine are similar to those described for the intestine of lower animals; this also appears to be true for the human liver. Thus, the marked differences in over-all cholesterol metabolism between various lower mammalian species and man cannot be explained by fundamental differences in control mechanisms; rather, these differences must reflect variations in some other parameter of cholesterol metabolism.
Comparison of Methods in the Detection of ALK and ROS1 Rearrangements in Lung Cancer
Authors: Toni-Maree Rogers, Prudence A. Russell, Gavin Wright, Zoe Wainer, Jia-Min Pang, Leigh A. Henricksen, Shalini Singh, Stacey Stanislaw, James Grille, Esteban Roberts, Benjamin Solomon, Stephen B. Fox
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Intuition in Medicine: A Philosophical Defense of Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Elaine W. Cotlove
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Standard Cystoscope and Biopsy Forceps
Authors: E. W. Riches
Journal: BMJ (1955)

TRICHOPHYTON DISCOIDESBrJor 1431 growth developing on soil or another suitable substratum from deposited parasitic spores.Soils contaminated with bird and animal droppings have been found to provide a natural habitat of Histoplasma capsulatum (Emmons, 1949; Ajello and Zeidberg, 1951), and it seems possible that in the present study the better results obtained in culture on cow dung, mole-hill soil, and chicken-run soil may have been due to the presence of animal excreta. SummaryHairs infected with Trichophyton discoides have been found on a scratching-post used by cattle infected with ringworm.The parasitic spores of T. discoides in hair have been shown to survive for 15 months or longer when stored in the laboratory at room temperature.T. discoides has been found to grow on sterilized soil and cow dung inoculated with infected hairs or with active cultures and incubated at 260 C. On the cow dung and one of the soil samples a conidial form of the fungus developed.It is tentatively concluded that under natural conditions infection may occur either by parasitic spores of the fungus that have survived in inanimate material or by conidia formed as the result of saprophytic growth in soil and animal droppings.
A novel α‐thalassemia‐2 (−2.7‐kb) observed in a chinese patient with Hb H disease
Authors: Jing‐Bo Zhao, Lin Zhao, You‐Jun Fei, Jin‐Cai Liu, Titus H. J. Huisman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract We describe a newly detected α‐thalassemia‐2 (α‐thal‐2) deletion characterized by a small −2.7‐kb deletion involving the α1 globin gene. This deletion has thus far been observed in only one Chinese subject with Hb H disease.
Points from Letters: Country Doctor's Bag
Authors: K. Harden
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Registrars' Pay SIR,-I have read with interest, and no small degree of irritation, the 'expected correspondence and the reports of meetings in the B.M.7.following the publication of the Review Body's findings.As a member of the much despised grade of medical assistant who is quite happy with his lot and has no intention of leaving the country, I am sick and tired of
A systematic review of adult-onset clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (dermatomyositis siné myositis): A missing link within the spectrum of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Pedram Gerami, Jennifer M. Schope, Lauren McDonald, Hobart W. Walling, Richard D. Sontheimer
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Cross-Fertilization Among Clinical Disciplines
Authors: Philip Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ASPECIALIST, in return for the privilege of confining himself to a restricted area in medicine, should consider himself obligated to do two things: (1) push back to some degree the boundaries of the unknown in his specialty and (2) crystallize what is reasonably certain knowledge in the field and teach it to other physicians.  It is the second of these that I propose to speak about. We shall see that the dissemination of knowledge is a two-way street. Presented here is a study of psychiatry in its attempt to build a cross-fertilization relationship with other branches of medicine. It is a fact, I think, that psychiatry among all specialties today is working harder at this matter of attempting to teach nonpsychiatrist physicians what is reasonably certain knowledge that can be used by them in their work with patients.  Perhaps the reason that psychiatry is so outstanding in the amount of
SAFETY VALVES FOR ANÆSTHETIC APPARATUS
Authors: H. Guy Drew, P.G. Phelps, F.C. King, A.W. Down, A.N. Gardner, E.G. Greville, H.E. Hotchkin, E.W. Mayer, T.M. Proudfoot, W.T.R. Beckett
Journal: The Lancet (1935)
High plasma insulin level a prime risk factor for heart disease
Authors: B. J. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modulation of T cell responses to recall antigens presented by Langerhans cells in HIV-discordant identical twins by anti-interleukin (IL)-10 antibodies and IL-12.
Authors: A Blauvelt, C Chougnet, G M Shearer, S I Katz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Decreased antigen (Ag)-specific T cell (TC) proliferation and IL-2 production are detected in all stages of HIV disease. To determine whether dendritic cell dysfunction and/or abnormal cytokine production contribute to HIV-induced immune dysregulation, we studies TC responses to recall Ags (influenza virus and tetanus toxoid) presented by Langerhans cells (LC) in six pairs of HIV-discordant identical twins, and the modulation of these responses by anti-IL-10 (alphaIL-10) mAbs and IL-12. LC from HIV+ twins induced IL-2 comparable to normal LC in cultures containing TC from uninfected twins. In contrast, IL-2 production was markedly decreased in cultures containing TC from HIV+ twins. IL-12 enhanced Ag-specific IL-2 production by TC from two patients with CD4+ counts > 600. In contrast, alphaIL-10 mAbs enhanced IL-2 production in influenza virus-stimulated cultures containing TC from two patients with CD4+ counts < 20. Thus, these findings suggest that immunologic dysfunction of dendritic cells does not contribute to impaired secondary immune responses in HIV+ individuals. Although few patients were studied, partial immune reconstitution in vitro, as demonstrated here, may help to predict those individuals who might benefit from cytokines or antibodies against cytokines as immunotherapy for HIV disease.
Long-Term Effects of Enzyme Replacement Therapy on Fabry Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Frank Weidemann, Markus Niemann, Frank Breunig, Sebastian Herrmann, Meinrad Beer, Stefan Störk, Wolfram Voelker, Georg Ertl, Christoph Wanner, Jörg Strotmann
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant alpha-galactosidase A reduces left ventricular hypertrophy and improves regional myocardial function in patients with Fabry disease during short-term treatment. Whether enzyme replacement therapy is effective in all stages of Fabry cardiomyopathy during long-term follow-up is unknown.We studied 32 Fabry patients over a period of 3 years regarding disease progression and clinical outcome under enzyme replacement therapy. Regional myocardial fibrosis was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging late-enhancement technique. Echocardiographic myocardial mass was calculated with the Devereux formula, and myocardial function was quantified by ultrasonic strain-rate imaging. In addition, exercise capacity was measured by bicycle stress test. All measurements were repeated at yearly intervals. At baseline, 9 patients demonstrated at least 2 fibrotic left ventricular segments (severe myocardial fibrosis), 11 had 1 left ventricular segment affected (mild fibrosis), and 12 were without fibrosis. In patients without fibrosis, enzyme replacement therapy resulted in a significant reduction in left ventricular mass (238+/-42 g at baseline, 202+/-46 g at 3 years; P for trend <0.001), an improvement in myocardial function (systolic radial strain rate, 2.3+/-0.4 and 2.9+/-0.6 seconds(-1), respectively; P for trend=0.045), and a higher exercise capacity obtained by bicycle stress exercise (106+/-14 and 122+/-26 W, respectively; P for trend=0.014). In contrast, patients with mild or severe fibrosis showed a minor reduction in left ventricular hypertrophy and no improvement in myocardial function or exercise capacity.These data suggest that treatment of Fabry cardiomyopathy with recombinant alpha-galactosidase A should best be started before myocardial fibrosis has developed to achieve long-term improvement in myocardial morphology and function and exercise capacity.
GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation during breast cancer development.
Authors: M Park, J Yoon, J Lee, M Choi, H Youn, S Jung
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5042 Background. Promoter hypermethylation in precursor lesions of the breast cancer may be biomarkers of cancer risk and targets for cancer chemoprevention. GSTP1 is inactivated by promotor hypermethylation in invasive breast cancers. However, little is known about epigenetic silencing of GSTP1 gene by promoter hypermethylation in precursor lesions.&amp;#x2028; Method. To determine the significance of GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation in breast carcinogenesis, methylation status of GSTP1 gene was studied by nested methylation-specific PCR and GSTP1 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH) and normal breast tissue.&amp;#x2028; Results. GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation was detected in 4/24 (16.7%) of UDH, 18/49 (36.7%) of DCIS, and 14/36 (38.9%) of IDC. No hypermethylation was detected in normal breast tissues. GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation was found to be progressively elevated during breast carcinogenesis (P &amp;lt; 0.01). GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation was associated with loss of GSTP1 expression (P &amp;lt; 0.01 for UDH, P &amp;lt; 0.001 for DCIS and IDC).&amp;#x2028; Conclusion. Our results suggest that GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation is an early event in breast carcinogenesis and appears to functionally silence GSTP1 expression. GSTP1 promoter hypermethylation in the precursor lesions of breast cancer may be used as a target for cancer chemoprevention. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5042.
On Galvanism Applied to the Treatment of Uterine Haemorrhage
Authors: Thos. Radford
Journal: BMJ (1844)

GzNPTL=MnN,-Of all the accidents which occur In obstetric science, there are none which are more important'and more serious than uterine baemorrhage, and none which require on the part of the practitioner, more promptitude and decision.Uterine hbsmorrhage is usually divided into that which takes place 'in the early months, and that Which takes place in the latter months of gestation.