tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug-specific risk of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register (BSRBR)
Authors: W G Dixon, K L Hyrich, K D Watson, M Lunt, J Galloway, A Ustianowski, D P M Symmons
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

The risk of tuberculosis (TB) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is thought to be increased following anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy, with a proposed differential risk between the anti-TNF drugs etanercept (ETA), infliximab (INF) and adalimumab (ADA).To compare directly the risk between drugs, to explore time to event, site of infection and the role of ethnicity.Data from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register (BSRBR), a national prospective observational study, were used to compare TB rates in 10 712 anti-TNF treated patients (3913 ETA, 3295 INF, 3504 ADA) and 3232 patients with active RA treated with traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.To April 2008, 40 cases of TB were reported, all in the anti-TNF cohort. The rate of TB was higher for the monoclonal antibodies ADA (144 events/100,000 person-years) and INF (136/100,000 person-years) than for ETA (39/100,000 person-years). After adjustment, the incidence rate ratio compared with ETA-treated patients was 3.1 (95% CI 1.0 to 9.5) for INF and 4.2 (1.4 to 12.4) for ADA. The median time to event was lowest for INF (5.5 months) compared with ETA (13.4 months) and ADA (18.5 months). 13/40 cases occurred after stopping treatment. 25/40 (62%) cases were extrapulmonary, of which 11 were disseminated. Patients of non-white ethnicity had a sixfold increased risk of TB compared with white patients treated with anti-TNF therapy.The rate of TB in patients with RA treated with anti-TNF therapy was three- to fourfold higher in patients receiving INF and ADA than in those receiving ETA.
Myocardial injury revealed by plasma troponin I in breast cancer treated with high-dose chemotherapy
Authors: D. Cardinale, M.T. Sandri, A. Martinoni, E. Borghini, M. Civelli, G. Lamantia, S. Cinieri, G. Martinelli, C. Fiorentini, C.M. Cipolla
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: The Essentials
Authors: Mary Burke
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Ventricular Phosphodiesterase-5 Expression Is Increased in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure and Contributes to Adverse Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction in Mice”
Authors: Peter Pokreisz, Sara Vandenwijngaert, Glenn Marsboom, Olivier Gheysens, Pieter Vermeersch, Xiaoshun Liu, Hilde Gillijns, Marijke Pellens, Luc Schoonjans, Stefan Janssens, Johan Vanhaecke, An Van den Bergh, Paul Herijgers, Virginie Bito, Ilse Lenaerts, Liesbeth Biesmans, Karin Sipido, Alfons Van Lommel, Erik Verbeken, Cornelius Busch, Emmanuel Buys, Kenneth D. Bloch
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Partners defend London home for 650m flagship UK research centre
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The four partners in what is hoped to be the UK’s flagship leading medical research institute have defended the decision to locate it in London and the high costs of doing so.

MPs on the parliamentary science and technology committee were quizzing witnesses on 9 February as part of their inquiry into the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation (UKCMRI).

The £650m (€766m; $1043m) centre is designed to be an interdisciplinary medical research institute. Created as an independent charity, it is scheduled to open in 2015, employing 1500 staff, including 1250 scientists, with an operating budget of more than £100m. It will be housed in a newly built centre at St Pancras in central London. …
THE EFFECTS OF GONADOTROPIC HORMONES IN THE TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: M. Maxim Steinbach, Sidney J. Klein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

Experimental tuberculosis in rabbits and guinea pigs was favorably influenced by the administration of antuitrin-S, pregnant mare serum, and, to a lesser extent, follutein. No retardation of disease was obtained by the use of either anterior pituitary extract or emmenin. The results suggest that the gonadotropic hormone may be a factor in the temporary amelioration of symptoms observed in tuberculous women during pregnancy.
Joint effects of smoking during pregnancy and polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene on cord blood levels of mannose-binding lectin
Authors: Oliver Fuchs, Sven Michel, Luregn Jan Schlapbach, Sabina Gallati, Philipp Latzin, Michael Kabesch, Urs Frey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Smoking in pregnancy may affect the developing immune system and is associated with respiratory disease in the offspring. Also levels of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a soluble innate immune mediator, are related to early respiratory morbidity. Yet, a joint effect of smoking in pregnancy and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MBL2 gene on MBL levels in cord blood (CB) is unknown.  MBL was measured in CB in N=221 participants of a birth cohort of unselected, healthy, term infants and dichotomized using cutoffs of 700 and additionally of 300 ng/ml. We studied the association of smoking in pregnancy (validated by cotinine levels in the first urine) with MBL levels in CB. Using the Illumina® HumanOmniExpress chip for genotyping, we assessed the association of MBL2 SNPs and of SNPs on a genome-wide basis with MBL levels. We explored effect modification by smoking adjusting for multiple testing and confounders.  Smoking in pregnancy was significantly associated with lower MBL levels for both cutoffs of 700 and 300 ng/ml with an OR (95% CI) of 3.30 (1.73;6.29) and 2.99 (1.43;6.28), respectively. Several MBL2 SNPs were significantly associated with decreased MBL levels (lowest p=1.08 x 10-15). On a genome-wide basis, no region other than MBL2 reached genome-wide significance. We found significant gene-environment interaction of MBL2 SNPs with smoking in pregnancy, such as for the downstream SNPs rs10824787 and rs3821968 (pint=0.036 and pint=0.044, respectively).  Smoking during pregnancy lowers MBL levels in CB alone and in a joint effect with MBL2 SNPs. Our results may explain a link between genetic and environmental effects on early respiratory morbidity.
Herbicides and Cancer
Authors: Howard I. Morrison, Kathryn Wilkins, Robert Semenciw, Yang Mao, Don Wigle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Herbicides and Cancer Get access Howard I. Morrison, Howard I. Morrison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kathryn Wilkins, Kathryn Wilkins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Semenciw, Robert Semenciw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yang Mao, Yang Mao Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Don Wigle Don Wigle Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 24, 16 December 1992, Pages 1866–1874, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.24.1866 Published: 16 December 1992 Article history Received: 14 May 1992 Revision received: 02 October 1992 Accepted: 08 October 1992 Published: 16 December 1992
Ganglioside containing nano-proteoliposome dampens myeloid-derived suppressor cells function and ability to cross-present tumor antigens: a new approach to recover CTL function on tumor bearing individuals
Authors: Audry Fernández, Liliana Oliver, Maura Rábade-Chediak, Rydell Alvarez, Arletty Hernández, Leslie Pérez, Luis E Fernández, Circe Mesa
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts A perturbation of normal myelopoiesis, as a consequence of tumor growth and development; leads to the proliferation and accumulation of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which impair T-cell functions reinforcing tolerance to tumor antigens (TA). For these reasons it is
A trafficking defective, Brugada syndrome-causing SCN5A mutation rescued by drugs
Authors: Carmen R. Valdivia, David J. Tester, Benjamin A. Rok, Co Burn J. Porter, Thomas M. Munger, Arshad Jahangir, Jonathan C. Makielski, Michael J. Ackerman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Background: The human cardiac SCN5A gene encodes for the α subunit of the human cardiac voltage-dependent sodium channel hNav1.5 [Neuron 28 (2) (2000) 365] and carries inward Na current (INa). Mutations in SCN5A cause arrhythmia syndromes including Brugada syndrome (BrS) and congenital long QT syndrome subtype 3 (LQT3). Here, we report a trafficking defective BrS-causing SCN5A mutation that was drug-rescued.
Evidence for the existence of a family of biologically active angiotensin I-like peptides in the dog central nervous system.
Authors: A Husain, F M Bumpus, R R Smeby, K B Brosnihan, M C Khosla, R C Speth, C M Ferrario
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

A family of angiotensin I-like peptides has been derived from endogenous precursors present in dog cerebrospinal fluid after incubation with species homologous renin. These peptides are immunologically and pharmacologically similar to [Ile5]angiotensin I, and have molecular weights ranging between 1300 and 2200 daltons. The presence of precursors in the cerebrospinal fluid able to generate various biologically active angiotensin I-like peptides dissimilar to plasma angiotensin I supports the concept of a local angiotensin I-forming system in the brain.
Immunization Using Autologous Dendritic Cells Pulsed with the Melanoma-Associated Antigen gp100-Derived G280-9V Peptide Elicits CD8+ Immunity
Authors: Gerald P. Linette, Dongsheng Zhang, F. Stephen Hodi, Eric P. Jonasch, Simonne Longerich, Christopher P. Stowell, Iain J. Webb, Heather Daley, Robert J. Soiffer, Amy M. Cheung, Sara G. Eapen, Sharon V. Fee, Krista M. Rubin, Arthur J. Sober, Frank G. Haluska
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

To determine the toxicity, maximal tolerated dose, and clinical and immunologic response to autologous dendritic cells pulsed with melanoma-associated antigen gp100-derived G280-9V peptide.Twelve HLA-A*0201(+) patients with advanced melanoma were administered dendritic cells pulsed with G280-9V peptide. Cohorts of three patients were administered 5 x 10(6), 15 x 10(6), and 50 x 10(6) cells i.v. every 3 weeks for six doses according to a dose escalation scheme. Three additional patients were treated at the highest dose. No additional cytokines or therapies were coadministered. The immunogenicity of G280-9V-pulsed dendritic cells was measured by IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay, tetramer assay, and (51)Cr release assay comparing prevaccination to postvaccination blood samples. Response to treatment was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.CD8(+) immunity to the native G280 was observed in 8 (67%) patients as measured by ELISPOT and in 12 (100%) patients as measured by tetramer assay. Of the 9 patients tested, 9 (100%) had measurable high-avidity CTL activity as defined by lysis of allogeneic melanoma lines, which coexpress HLA-A*0201 and gp100. The median follow-up of the entire cohort is 43.8 months. Two (17%) partial responses were observed and 3 (25%) patients had stable disease. The median survival of the treated population was 37.6 months. At this time, three patients are alive, including one patient who continues to respond without additional treatment.The high rate of immunization as measured by three independent assays and the occurrence of clinical regression support continued investigation of G280-9V peptide as a candidate epitope in melanoma vaccine formulations.
Healing with basic fibroblast growth factor is associated with reduced indomethacin induced relapse in a human model of gastric ulceration.
Authors: M A Hull, A Knifton, B Filipowicz, J L Brough, G Vautier, C J Hawkey
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Acid stable basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) promotes angiogenesis and healing of gastric ulcers in rats and reduces subsequent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) induced relapse. AIMS: To test in a double blind, placebo controlled, three way crossover study whether bFGF promotes healing and reduces subsequent relapse in a human model of gastric ulceration. SUBJECTS: Twelve healthy volunteers. METHODS: Subjects took aspirin 900 mg twice daily (days 1-3) with bFGF 0.1 mg twice daily or cimetidine 400 mg twice daily or placebo (days 1-14) and then indomethacin 50 mg thrice daily (days 15-21). Endoscopy was performed on days 1, 4, 8, 15, and 22 during each treatment period. Eight antral biopsy specimens were taken on day 1 and the number of unhealed biopsy induced mini-ulcers and NSAID induced erosions counted during subsequent endoscopies. RESULTS: Basic FGF and cimetidine were protective against aspirin and indomethacin induced duodenal (but not gastric) injury compared with placebo. There was significant relapse of biopsy induced mini-ulcers after indomethacin only in the placebo group (0 (0-0) before v 1 (0-4.5) after; p &gt; 0.05). TGP-580 was detected in serum of one volunteer. CONCLUSIONS: Healing with bFGF (and cimetidine) was associated with reduced NSAID induced ulcer relapse in this model of gastric ulceration.
Targeting Signal Transduction Pathways in Colorectal Cancer—More Than Skin Deep
Authors: Steven J. Cohen, Roger B. Cohen, Neal J. Meropol
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The nihilism that previously often characterized the treatment of patients with this disease has been replaced by a measure of excitement, given recent therapeutic advances. These advances have been stimulated in part through identification of cellular processes characteristic of colorectal cancers that permit therapeutic targeting with favorable therapeutic index. Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor in the clinic has provided proof of principle that interruption of signal transduction cascades in patients with colorectal cancer has therapeutic potential. This experience has also taught us that resistance to such rationally developed targeted therapeutic strategies is common. In this article, we review the role of signal transduction in colorectal cancer, introduce promising molecular targets, and outline therapeutic approaches under development. We will describe the barriers to success, and highlight paradigms to facilitate rapid and successful evaluation of new agents, in a clinical context that has (by virtue of recent clinical successes) become a somewhat crowded playing field.
Prospective Study of Serum Micronutrients and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: K. J. Helzlsouer, A. J. Alberg, E. P. Norkus, J. S. Morris, S. C. Hoffman, G. W. Comstock
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

Antioxidant micronutrients, such as α-tocopherol (vitamin E), the carotenoids, and selenium, may protect against the development of cancer by preventing free radical damage at the cellular level. A nested case-control study was conducted among donors to a serum bank to examine the association between levels of serum micronutrients and/or cholesterol and the development of ovarian cancer. In 1974, sera were collected from 20 305 residents of Washington County, MD, over a 4-month period and stored at −70 °C. Serum micronutrient concentrations of women who developed ovarian cancer (case subjects, n = 35) were compared with those of women who remained free of cancer and who were matched to case subjects on age and menopausal status (control subjects, n = 67). Serum levels of retinol (vitamin A), α- and β-carotene (the major provitamin A), lycopene (a carotenoid), and α- and γ-tocopherol were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum selenium was measured by neutron activation analysis. Cholesterol was measured by enzymatic assay. The data were categorized into thirds and conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between prediagnostic serum cholesterol and micronutrient levels and the development of ovarian cancer; matched odds ratios (ORs) were determined from these regression analyses. P values for trend and for interaction were calculated with the use of two-sided likelihood ratio tests. Higher serum α-tocopherol levels were associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer ( P for trend = .04); however, this association diminished after adjustment for cholesterol. Women with higher serum cholesterol levels had an increased risk of ovarian cancer compared with women in the lowest third of cholesterol levels (OR = 3.2; 95% confidence interval = 0.9-11.3). The association between serum cholesterol levels and the risk of ovarian cancer was examined, stratifying by micronutrient level. The general pattern observed was an increased risk of ovarian cancer associated with cholesterol levels greater than 200 mg/dL, regardless of the micronutrient level. Serum selenium was associated with a decreased risk of ovarian cancer only among case participants diagnosed 4 or more years after blood collections ( P for trend = .02). Concentrations of carotenoids and retinol were not associated with the development of ovarian cancer. Selenium may have a protective role against the development of ovarian cancer. Higher serum cholesterol levels were associated with an increased risk of developing ovarian cancer; an association that persisted regardless of serum micronutrient level. Given the small size of this study and the inconsistency of results among the few prospective studies of ovarian cancer conducted to test these associations, replications of these findings are highly desirable. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:32–7]
Diff Quik staining method for detection and identification of monosodium urate and calcium pyrophosphate crystals in synovial fluids
Authors: E Selvi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To evaluate whether the Diff Quik (DQ) staining method might prove useful in identifying monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals on permanent mounted stained slides. <h3>METHODS</h3> 27 synovial fluid (SF) samples obtained from the knees of 21 patients with acute CPPD disease and 6 with acute gout were studied. Wet analysis for crystal detection and identification was performed within one hour of joint aspiration. In addition, 16 inflammatory synovial effusions obtained from patients with knee arthritis induced by non-crystalline inflammatory diseases were studied. For each SF, a DQ stained slide was analysed by two of the authors trained in SF analysis. The observers were blinded to the type of crystals present in the SF. Each slide was analysed by compensated polarised as well as transmitted light microscopy. An SF was considered positive if intracellular and/or extracellular crystals were clearly identified. In addition, the observer was asked to identify the type of the crystals using compensated polarised light microscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the DQ staining method were determined. <h3>RESULTS</h3> 51 true positive and 28 true negative cases were correctly classified (39 CPPD samples, 12 MSU samples, 28 samples of crystal unrelated arthropathies). Overall, four false positive and three false negative cases were reported. In all the false positive cases, extracellular CPPD crystals were erroneously identified, whereas CPPD crystals present in the SF were not identified in the three false negative cases. All MSU specimens were correctly diagnosed. The overall specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy using DQ stained slides for crystal confirmation were respectively 87.5%, 94.4%, and 91.9%. The PPV was 92.7% and the NPV 90.3%. In particular, the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for CPPD detection were 90.9%, 92.9%, and 91.9%, with a PPV of 90.7 and an NPV of 93.0%. All the MSU specimens were correctly identified, providing 100% sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Stained preparations of SF, including DQ stained smears, could provide a useful tool for delayed SF analysis suitable for quality controls, including cytological examination and crystals detection and identification.
Hepatocellular carcinomas in native livers from patients treated with orthotopic liver transplantation: Biologic and therapeutic implications
Authors: Hale Kirimlioglu, Igor Dvorchick, Kris Ruppert, Sydney Finkelstein, J. Wallis Marsh, Shunzaburo Iwatsuki, Andrew Bonham, Brian Carr, Michael Nalesnik, George Michalopoulos, Thomas Starzl, John Fung, Anthony Demetris
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The gross and histopathologic characteristics of 212 nonfibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) discovered in native livers removed at the time of liver transplantation were correlated with features of invasive growth and tumor-free survival. The results show that most HCCs begin as small well-differentiated tumors that have an increased proliferation rate and induce neovascularization, compared with the surrounding liver. But at this stage, they maintain a near-normal apoptosis/mitosis ratio and uncommonly show vascular invasion. As tumors enlarge, foci of dedifferentiation appear within the neoplastic nodules, which have a higher proliferation rate and show more pleomorphism than surrounding better-differentiated areas. Vascular invasion, which is the strongest predictor of disease recurrence, correlates significantly with tumor number and size, tumor giant cells and necrosis, the predominant and worst degree of differentiation, and the apoptosis/mitosis ratio. In the absence of macroscopic or large vessel invasion, largest tumor size (P < .006), apoptosis/mitosis ratio (P < .03), and number of tumors (P < .04) were independent predictors of tumor-free survival and none of 24 patients with tumors having an apoptosis/mitosis ratio greater than 7.2 had recurrence. A minority of HCCs (<15%) quickly develop aggressive features (moderate or poor differentiation, low apoptosis/mitosis ratio, and vascular invasion) while still small, similar to flat carcinomas of the bladder and colon. In conclusion, hepatic carcinogenesis in humans is a multistep and multifocal process. As in experimental animal studies, aggressive biologic behavior (vascular invasion and recurrence) correlates significantly with profound alterations in the apoptosis/mitosis ratio and with architectural and cytologic alterations that suggest a progressive accumulation of multiple genetic abnormalities. (HEPATOLOGY 2001;34:502-510.)