tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Retinoic Acid and Arsenic Synergize to Eradicate Leukemic Cells in a Mouse Model of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Valérie Lallemand-Breitenbach, Marie-Claude Guillemin, Anne Janin, Marie-Thérèse Daniel, Laurent Degos, Scott C. Kogan, J. Michael Bishop, Hugues de Thé
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients, retinoic acid (RA) triggers differentiation while arsenic trioxide (arsenic) induces both a partial differentiation and apoptosis. Although their mechanisms of action are believed to be distinct, these two drugs both induce the catabolism of the oncogenic promyelocytic leukemia (PML)/RARα fusion protein. While APL cell lines resistant to one agent are sensitive to the other, the benefit of combining RA and arsenic in cell culture is controversial, and thus far, no data are available in patients. Using syngenic grafts of leukemic blasts from PML/RARα transgenic mice as a model for APL, we demonstrate that arsenic induces apoptosis and modest differentiation, and prolongs mouse survival. Furthermore, combining arsenic with RA accelerates tumor regression through enhanced differentiation and apoptosis. Although RA or arsenic alone only prolongs survival two- to threefold, associating the two drugs leads to tumor clearance after a 9-mo relapse-free period. These studies establishing RA/arsenic synergy in vivo prompt the use of combined arsenic/RA treatments in APL patients and exemplify how mouse models of human leukemia can be used to design or optimize therapies.
Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Cardiovascular Events After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Giacomo Levantesi, Alejandro Macchia, RosaMaria Marfisi, Maria G. Franzosi, Aldo P. Maggioni, Gian L. Nicolosi, Carlo Schweiger, Luigi Tavazzi, Gianni Tognoni, Franco Valagussa, Roberto Marchioli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Role of Class 3 Semaphorins and Their Receptors in Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis
Authors: Puja Gaur, Diane R. Bielenberg, Shaija Samuel, Debashish Bose, Yunfei Zhou, Michael J. Gray, Nikolaos A. Dallas, Fan Fan, Ling Xia, Jia Lu, Lee M. Ellis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Class 3 semaphorins (SEMA3) were first identified as glycoproteins that negatively mediate neuronal guidance by binding to neuropilin and repelling neurons away from the source of SEMA3. However, studies have shown that SEMA3s are also secreted by other cell types, including tumor cells, where they play an inhibitory role in tumor growth and angiogenesis (specifically SEMA3B and SEMA3F). SEMA3s primarily inhibit the cell motility and migration of tumor and endothelial cells by inducing collapse of the actin cytoskeleton via neuropilins and plexins. Besides binding to SEMA3s, neuropilin also binds the protumorigenic and proangiogenic ligand vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Although some studies attribute the antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic properties of SEMA3s to competition between SEMA3s and VEGF for binding to neuropilin receptors, several others have shown that SEMA3s display growth-inhibitory activity independent of competition with VEGF. A better understanding of these molecular interactions and the role and signaling of SEMA3s in tumor biology will help determine whether SEMA3s represent potential therapeutic agents. Herein, we briefly review (a) the role of SEMA3s in mediating tumor growth, (b) the SEMA3 receptors neuropilins and plexins, and (c) the potential competition between SEMA3s and VEGF family members for neuropilin binding.
CT colonography: accuracy, acceptance, safety and position in organised population screening
Authors: Margriet C de Haan, Perry J Pickhardt, Jaap Stoker
Journal: Gut (2014)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in Europe. The introduction of CRC screening programmes using stool tests and flexible sigmoidoscopy, have been shown to reduce CRC-related mortality substantially. In several European countries, population-based CRC screening programmes are ongoing or being rolled out. Stool tests like faecal occult blood testing are non-invasive and simple to perform, but are primarily designed to detect early invasive cancer. More invasive tests like colonoscopy and CT colonography (CTC) aim at accurately detecting both CRC and cancer precursors, thus providing for cancer prevention. This review focuses on the accuracy, acceptance and safety of CTC as a CRC screening technique and on the current position of CTC in organised population screening. Based on the detection characteristics and acceptability of CTC screening, it might be a viable screening test. The potential disadvantage of radiation exposure is probably overemphasised, especially with newer technology. At this time-point, it is not entirely clear whether the detection of extracolonic findings at CTC is of net benefit and is cost effective, but with responsible handling, this may be the case. Future efforts will seek to further improve the technique, refine appropriate diagnostic algorithms and study cost-effectiveness.
The problem of weight gain in smokers trying to quit
Authors: Juan M. Diez-Piña, Felipe Campo, Teresa Bilbao-Goyoaga, Natividad Quílez, Raquel Pérez Rojo, Dolores Alvaro, Paz Rodríguez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objectives: Gaining weight is one barrier for success in quitting smoking. Our main aim is to investigate whether there is a patient characteristic that precludes a higher risk of weight gain.

Material and methods: Retrospective review of data of our patients: demographic data, medical history report, smoking history and prescribed treatment. Follow-up visits were at 15 days, 1, 3 and 6 months to confirm abstinence, adherence to treatment and to measure change in weight. Statistics analysis with SPSS 18.0.

Results: 612 patients (54,2% female), mean age 47,99 +/- 11,07 years old); weight 74,47 +/- 17,1 kg; BMI 26,94 +/- 5,12 kg/m2. They started smoking at 16,87 +/- 5,45 y. o., smoked 26,15 +/-12,54 cig/day; 77,7% had previous attempts, and had 5,76 points in Fagerstrom. 33,7% used NRT, 32,6% varenicline and 31,1% bupropion (2,6% without pharmacological treatment). The abstinence rate was 76% at 15 days; and 76,1%; 70,8% and 64,8% at first, 3 and 6 months respectively. Difference in weight was 1,32 +/- 2,01 kg (1st month); 2,49 +/- 6,22 (3rd month); and 4,07 +/- 3,67 (6th month) (BMI at 6 months 28,87 +/- 5,47; difference BMI 1,51 +/- 1,37). Neither gender nor drug used showed relationship with weight gain. Fagerstrom test was the only factor that correlated positively with increased weight (r = 0,237; p<0,001). Basal obesity and menopause didn't show relationship with gaining more weight.

Conclusions: We treated patients with high tobacco consumption and moderate nicotine dependence. Abstinence rate at the end of the program was high, but weight gain was important. This last factor seemed to be a sign of nicotine dependence. We should encourage the treatment of high dependence patients in order to avoid gaining too much weight.
Long-Term Pulmonary Function in Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Saro H. Armenian, Wendy Landier, Liton Francisco, Claudia Herrera, George Mills, Aida Siyahian, Natt Supab, Karla Wilson, Julie A. Wolfson, David Horak, Smita Bhatia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

This study was undertaken to determine the magnitude of pulmonary dysfunction in childhood cancer survivors when compared with healthy controls and the extent (and predictors) of decline over time.
Molecular, Endocrine, and Genetic Mechanisms of Arterial Calcification
Authors: Terence M. Doherty, Lorraine A. Fitzpatrick, Daisuke Inoue, Jian-Hua Qiao, Michael C. Fishbein, Robert C. Detrano, Prediman K. Shah, Tripathi B. Rajavashisth
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2004)

Pathologists have recognized arterial calcification for over a century. Recent years have witnessed a strong resurgence of interest in atherosclerotic plaque calcification because it: 1) can be easily detected noninvasively; 2) closely correlates with the amount of atherosclerotic plaque; 3) serves as a surrogate measure for atherosclerosis, allowing preclinical detection of the disease; and 4) is associated with heightened risk of adverse cardiovascular events. There are two major types of calcification in arteries: calcification of the media tunica layer (sometimes called Mönckeberg’s sclerosis), and calcification within subdomains of atherosclerotic plaque within the intimal layer of the artery. There are important similarities and differences between these two entities. Of particular interest are increasing parallels between cellular and molecular features of arterial calcification and bone biology, and this has led to accelerating interest in understanding how and why bone-like mineral deposits may form in arteries. Here, we review the two major pathological types of arterial calcification, the proposed models of calcification, and endocrine and genetic determinants that affect arterial calcification. In addition, we highlight areas requiring further investigation.
The relationship between pneumonia in early childhood and impaired lung function in late adult life.
Authors: S O Shaheen, D J Barker, A W Shiell, F J Crocker, G A Wield, S T Holgate
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

This study related respiratory illness documented in the first 2 yr of life to the lung function of 618 men and women with a mean age of 70 yr living in Derbyshire, England. Pneumonia before 2 yr of age was associated with a lower mean FEV1, adjusted for age and height. In men, the difference was -0.65L (95% CI: -1.02, -0.29; p = 0.0005). This estimate did not diminish after adjustment for smoking and asthma. In women, the reduction in mean FEV1 associated with pneumonia before 2 yr of age was smaller and nonsignificant. Bronchitis, measles, and whooping cough before 2 yr of age were not associated with diminished adult lung function in either sex. The findings in men support a causal relationship between pneumonia in early childhood and COPD in late adult life.
Intraretrosplenial grafts of cholinergic neurons and spatial memory function
Authors: Ying J. Li, Walter C. Low
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The transplantation of cholinergic neurons into the hippocampal formation has been well characterized. We describe our studies on the effects of cholinergic transplants in the retrosplenial cortex. These transplants were capable of ameliorating spatial navigation deficits in rats with septohippocampal lesions. In addition, we provide evidence for the modulation of transplanted neurons by the host brain.
Laboratorial spectrum of pleural effusions in a tertiary hospital - Five years analysis
Authors: Leila Antonangelo, Barbara Silva, Milena Acencio, Dimas Assunção, Lisete Teixeira, Bruna Silva, Francisco Vargas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Rational: Pleural effusions primary or secondary to thoracic or systemic diseases are frequent in tertiary hospital, and laboratory analyses are important to make clinical and therapeutic decisions. This study aim is to evaluate the laboratorial characteristics of the pleural effusions vis-a-vis to the biochemical and cytological aspects.  Methods: Retrospective study (from 2006 to 2010) using the database of the Hospital das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School. Light’s criteria and albumin gradient were used to classify the effusions. Cytology (differential and oncotic) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels were also evaluated. Data are presented in descriptive form.  Results: A total of 6218 cases of pleural effusions were included in 5 years. We observed that 74.7 % of the cases were exudates when classified by the Light’s criteria. The association of albumin gradient criterion increased this number to 80.6%. From the exudates (n=5012), 18.6% (n=934) presented simultaneously lymphocytes predominance and ADA higher than 40.0 U/L, suggesting tuberculosis. When we evaluated the cytological results, 16.2% (n=1010) were positive for tumor cells and 12.9% (n=801) showed suspicious atypical cells. Taking all together, 29.1% of cases (n=1811) may stand for malignant pleural effusions.  Conclusion: In a Brazilian general tertiary hospital, the number of exudates supplanted the transudates. Tuberculosis and cancer represented two important causes of pleural exudates, matching almost half of the cases. The low number of transudates should reflect the accuracy of serum pro BNP for diagnosis of cardiac pleural effusions.
Sepsis is increasing in the general population and ITU care may be underutilised
Authors: A Parsons
Journal: Thorax (2007)

▴ Esteban A, Frutos-Vivar F, Ferguson ND, et al . Sepsis incidence and outcome: contrasting the intensive care unit with the hospital ward. Crit Care Med2007;35:1284–9.

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]



One in five intensive care unit (ITU) admissions is due to severe sepsis and according to several studies the incidence of sepsis in the general population is increasing. However, the limitations of these studies include variations in the definition of sepsis and the possible inaccuracy of discharge diagnosis codes.

This …

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Postero-medial elbow problems in the adult athlete
Authors: D Eygendaal, M R Safran
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

The ligamentous, osseous, musculotendinous, and neural structures at the postero-medial side of the elbow are at risk for various injuries in overhead athletes. The combination of valgus and extension overload during overhead activities results in tensile forces along the medial stabilising structures, with compression on the lateral compartment and shear stress posteriorly. The combination of tensile forces medially and shear forces posteriorly can result in ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears, flexor–pronator mass injuries, neuritis of the ulnar nerve, posterior impingement, and olecranon stress fractures. Most symptomatic conditions of the overhead athlete can be treated conservatively initially. In cases where conservative treatment is unsuccessful surgical intervention is indicated. Recent advances in arthroscopic surgical techniques and ligamentous reconstruction ensure that the prognosis for return to pre-injury level is good.
Detection of immune deposits in skin lesions of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: R. H. Brons, M. C. J. M. De Jong, N. K. De Boer, C. A. Stegeman, C. G. M. Kallenberg, J. W. Tervaert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is considered a pauci-immune systemic vasculitis based on the absence of immune deposits in renal biopsies of patients with active disease. In animal models of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated glomerulonephritis, immune deposits along the glomerular capillary wall are present at early stages of lesion development. These deposits are degraded rapidly, resulting in "pauci-immune" lesions.To test the hypothesis that immune deposits can also be detected in early lesions of patients with WG, thereby initiating an inflammatory reaction that, in time, is augmented in the presence of ANCA, resulting in pauci-immune lesions later on.The presence of immune deposits in skin biopsies taken within 48 hours of lesion development was investigated. Direct immunofluorescence was used to examine 32 skin biopsies for the presence of immune deposits (IgG, IgA, IgM, C3c). When possible, a comparison was made between the immunofluorescence findings in renal and skin biopsies taken at the same time.Four of 11 biopsies taken at initial presentation and four of 21 biopsies taken at the onset of a relapse of WG showed IgG and/or IgA containing immune deposits in the subepidermal blood vessels. All nine renal biopsies showed pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, irrespective of the presence (n=5) or absence (n=4) of immune deposits in the skin biopsy.A substantial number of skin biopsies showed immune deposits during active disease. These results could support the hypothesis that immune complexes may trigger vasculitic lesions in WG.
Induction of Nevi and Skin Tumors in <i>Ink4a/Arf Xpa</i> Knockout Mice by Neonatal, Intermittent, or Chronic UVB Exposures
Authors: Arne van Schanke, Gemma M.C.A.L. van Venrooij, Marjan J. Jongsma, H. Alexander Banus, Leon H.F. Mullenders, Henk J. van Kranen, Frank R. de Gruijl
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Nevi and melanomas correlate to childhood and intermittent solar UV exposure, xeroderma pigmentosum patients run increased risk, and p16Ink4a expression is often lost in malignant progression. To ascertain the effect of these risk factors, pigmented hairless Ink4a/Arf−, Xpa− knockout mice were subjected to various combinations of neonatal [7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) or UVB exposure] and adult treatments (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or subacute daily UVB exposure or intermittent overexposure). Nevi occurred earliest, grew largest, and were most numerous in mice exposed to DMBA followed by intermittent UVB overexposure [effect of six minimal edemal doses (MED), 1×/2 weeks &amp;gt; 4 MED 1×/wk]. Neonatal UV exposure enhanced nevus induction but lost its effect after 200 days. The Xpa−/− mice proved exquisitely sensitive to UV-driven nevus induction, indicating the involvement of pyrimidine dimer DNA lesions, but Xpa+/+ mice developed many more nevi (&amp;gt;40 per mouse) at high UV dosages not tolerated by Xpa−/− mice. Ink4a/Arf−/− mice developed most skin tumors faster, but surprisingly developed nevi slower than their heterozygous counterparts especially after neonatal UV exposure. Despite raising &amp;gt;1,600 nevi, only six melanomas arose in our experiments with Ink4a/Arf knockout mice (five of which in Xpa+/+ mice at high UV dosages). In contrast to human nevi, these nevi lacked hotspot mutations in Braf or Ras genes, possibly explaining the lack of malignant progression in the Ink4a/Arf−/− mice. Hence, although our experiments did not effectively emulate human melanoma, they provided clear evidence that intermittent UV overexposure strongly stimulates and the Ink4a/Arf−/− genotype may actually impair nevus development. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2608-15)
Smallpox Vaccination Following Childhood Postvaccinal Encephalitis
Authors: Pr. Doz. W. Ehrengut
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In answering a question of Dr. R. W. Thaler of Boston, Dr. Goldstein of Atlanta stated that "there are no data available on the risks of revaccination in individuals who have recovered from postvaccinal encephalitis (224:139, 1973). Some data have been published by F. Puntigam and J. Daimer (<i>Osterr Z Kinderheilk Kinderfürsorge</i>4:6, 1950) on 15 patients who recovered from postvaccinal encephalitis and, being revaccinated in the Austrian Army between 7 to 15 years following the malady, did not show untoward reactions. We have vaccinated at least ten travelers with previous postvaccinal encephalitis going abroad, after an interval of 4 and 12 years following the disease. In these cases a preimmunization with killed smallpox vaccine was performed eight days before. Unusual reactions were not recorded.
Continuity and the Costs of Care for Chronic Disease
Authors: Peter S. Hussey, Eric C. Schneider, Robert S. Rudin, D. Steven Fox, Julie Lai, Craig Evan Pollack
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Better continuity of care is expected to improve patient outcomes and reduce health care costs, but patterns of use, costs, and clinical complications associated with the current patterns of care continuity have not been quantified.To measure the association between care continuity, costs, and rates of hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and complications for Medicare beneficiaries with chronic disease.Retrospective cohort study of insurance claims data for a 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries experiencing a 12-month episode of care for congestive heart failure (CHF, n = 53,488), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, n = 76,520), or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM, n = 166,654) in 2008 and 2009.Hospitalizations, emergency department visits, complications, and costs of care associated with the Bice-Boxerman continuity of care (COC) index, a measure of the outpatient COC related to conditions of interest.The mean (SD) COC index was 0.55 (0.31) for CHF, 0.60 (0.34) for COPD, and 0.50 (0.32) for DM. After multivariable adjustment, higher levels of continuity were associated with lower odds of inpatient hospitalization (odds ratios for a 0.1-unit increase in COC were 0.94 [95% CI, 0.93-0.95] for CHF, 0.95 [0.94-0.96] for COPD, and 0.95 [0.95-0.96] for DM), lower odds of emergency department visits (0.92 [0.91-0.92] for CHF, 0.93 [0.92-0.93] for COPD, and 0.94 [0.93-0.94] for DM), and lower odds of complications (odds ratio range, 0.92-0.96 across the 3 complication types and 3 conditions; all P < .001). For every 0.1-unit increase in the COC index, episode costs of care were 4.7% lower for CHF (95% CI, 4.4%-5.0%), 6.3% lower for COPD (6.0%-6.5%), and 5.1% lower for DM (5.0%-5.2%) in adjusted analyses.Modest differences in care continuity for Medicare beneficiaries are associated with sizable differences in costs, use, and complications.
Reactive and reparative fibrillar collagen remodelling in the hypertrophied rat left ventricle: two experimental models of myocardial fibrosis
Authors: M. A Silver, R. Pick, C. G Brilla, J. E Jalil, J. S Janicki, K. T Weber
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Journal Article Reactive and reparative fibrillar collagen remodelling in the hypertrophied rat left ventricle: two experimental models of myocardial fibrosis Get access Marc A Silver, Marc A Silver Cardiovascular Institute, Michael Reese Hospital, Lake Shore Drive at 31st Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA Correspondence to: Dr Weber Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ruth Pick, Ruth Pick Cardiovascular Institute, Michael Reese Hospital, Lake Shore Drive at 31st Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christian G Brilla, Christian G Brilla Cardiovascular Institute, Michael Reese Hospital, Lake Shore Drive at 31st Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jorge E Jalil, Jorge E Jalil Cardiovascular Institute, Michael Reese Hospital, Lake Shore Drive at 31st Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph S Janicki, Joseph S Janicki Cardiovascular Institute, Michael Reese Hospital, Lake Shore Drive at 31st Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Karl T Weber Karl T Weber Cardiovascular Institute, Michael Reese Hospital, Lake Shore Drive at 31st Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 24, Issue 9, September 1990, Pages 741–747, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.9.741 Published: 01 September 1990 Article history Received: 26 October 1989 Accepted: 21 March 1990 Published: 01 September 1990