tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Likelihood and Approximate Likelihood Analyses of Genetic Structure in a Linear Habitat: Performance and Robustness to Model Mis-Specification
Authors: F. Rousset, R. Leblois
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

We evaluate the performance of maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of allele frequency data in a linear array of populations. The parameters are a mutation rate and either the dispersal rate in a stepping stone model or a dispersal rate and a scale parameter in a geometric dispersal model. An approximate procedure known as maximum product of approximate conditional (PAC) likelihood is found to perform as well as ML. Mis-specification biases may occur because the importance sampling algorithm is formally defined in term of mutation and migration rates scaled by the total size of the population, and this size may differ widely in the statistical model and in reality. As could be expected, ML generally performs well when the statistical model is correctly specified. Otherwise, mutation rate estimates are much closer to mutation probability scaled by number of demes in the statistical model than scaled by number of demes in reality when mutation probability is high and dispersal is most limited. This mis-specification bias actually has practical benefits. However, opposite results are found in opposite conditions. Migration rate estimates show roughly similar trends, but they may not always be easily interpreted as low-bias estimates of dispersal rate under any scaling. Estimation of the dispersal scale parameter is also affected by mis-specification of the number of demes, and the different biases compensate each other in such a way that good estimation of the so-called neighborhood size (or more precisely the product of population density and mean-squared parent-offspring dispersal distance) is achieved. Results congruent with these findings are found in an application to a damselfly data set.
Physiotherapy and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation of chronic bronchitis.
Authors: D A Newton, H G Bevans
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Patients aged over 45 admitted to hospital with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis alone or in association with cor pulmonale, pneumonia, or respiratory failure were placed in one of three groups (men with hypoxia, men without hypoxia, and women). Patients within these groups were then randomly allocated to receive either standard drug treatment alone or standard drug treatment plus intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV). No significant differences occurred between the controls and patients receiving physiotherapy and IPPV in any group. We conclude that when a patient with chronic bronchitis and respiratory failure is deteriorating emphasis should be on correct diagnosis, fluid electrolyte balance, and nutrition together with oxygen treatment when necessary, rather than on additional physiotherapy.
Naproxen Sodium Approved for Nonprescription Use
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Disseminated cytomegalic inclusion disease in a burned adult
Authors: G. Nash
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Disseminated cytomegalic inclusion disease occurred in a burned adult. Two serum samples drawn during the first half of the patient's hospital course did not contain complement-fixing antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV), which provided evidence in favor of a primary infection. A possible exogenous source of CMV could have been one or more of the 72 units of blood which the patient received. The patient had multiple generalized, opportunistic infections, including at least two types of fungus, in addition to CMV. Opportunistic mycotic and viral infections are being recognized with increasing frequency in burn patients. This may either reflect marked debility following severe thermal injury or be related to suppression of bacterial growth on the burn wound by topical antibacterial therapy.
Re: Role of Body Surface Area in Dosing of Investigational Anticancer Agents in Adults, 1991-2001
Authors: Y. Ando
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

Nakaya et al.(1) presented a large prospective study demonstrating that personality does not play a substantial role in the causation of cancer.As the authors concluded, the association between neuroticism and prevalent cancer may be a consequence, rather than a cause, of cancer diagnosis or symptoms.This result obviously contrasts with those of other studies [e.g., (2)] showing
Identification of subpopulations that are sensitive to ozone exposure: use of end points currently available and potential use of laboratory-based end points under development.
Authors: R B Devlin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

A number of epidemiological studies have attempted to assess the effect of recurrent ozone exposure in humans. For the most part, they have failed to document convincingly an association between chronic ozone exposure and differences in lung function performance or respiratory symptoms. This is not surprising given the small respiratory effects observed in animals chronically exposed to ozone and assuming that people with abnormal respiratory function resulting from other occupational or environmental exposures, such as tobacco smoke, would make up a much larger percentage of the population than people with respiratory effects attributable to ozone. Therefore, either more sensitive end points must be developed to detect subtle changes due to chronic ozone exposure, or ways of selecting subpopulations that are especially sensitive to ozone must be devised. It has been well documented that there are large and reproducible differences in the acute response of individuals to ozone as measured by pulmonary function tests. Recently, it has also been shown that there are large differences in the acute response of individuals to ozone as measured by inflammatory and other biochemical parameters. This paper discusses the problems of selecting individuals who are sensitive to ozone depending on the end point chosen. It also describes potential new sensitive end points that might be available for ozone epidemiology studies in the near future.
Protecting Privacy in Computerized Medical Information
Authors: Harriet S. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<b>Electronic Health Care Information: Recordkeeping and Privacy Aspects</b>, by Benjamin Wright (Law of Electronic Commerce: Special Release, chapter 21), 61 pp, $55, ISBN 0-316-95637-6 (full set price $125, includes 464-pp main volume, special release, and supplement, ISBN 0-316-956-341), Boston, Mass, Little, Brown &amp; Co, 1993. Health care reform, as the above Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) report notes, depends on increasingly computerized and interconnected medical records. With a network of networks sharing on-line databases, a patient information card, and a unique patient identifier, one's health record, if not protected, could become an open book to health providers, third-party payers, secondary users—researchers, agencies— and, last and least, to oneself. Currently, commercial interests have the upper hand, as the "patchwork of State and Federal laws" that bear on the privacy of personal medical data is "inadequate."<i>Protecting Privacy in Computerized Medical Information</i>clearly reviews the inherent problems of computerized health care information—origins,
Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Authors: Ayokunle T. Abegunde
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters6 November 2012Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Alcoholic CirrhosisAyokunle T. Abegunde, MBBS, MSc, DTM&HAyokunle T. Abegunde, MBBS, MSc, DTM&HFrom John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60612.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-9-201211060-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read the article by Jepsen and colleagues (1) with interest. Their results are thought-provoking and clearly present evidence that argues against the need for and cost-effectiveness of routine surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Danish patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.Their study was a retrospective analysis of a national data set with dependence on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, discharge coding to identify cases. This type of study is often limited by underascertainment or misclassification of cases and lacks the clinical or temporal detail necessary to define what other factors might increase or decrease risk ...References1. Jepsen P, Ott P, Andersen PK, Sørensen HT, Vilstrup H. Risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:841-7, W295. [PMID: 22711076] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Qian GS, Ross RK, Yu MC, Yuan JM, Gao YT, Henderson BE, et al. A follow-up study of urinary markers of aflatoxin exposure and liver cancer risk in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1994;3:3-10. [PMID: 8118382] MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Davila JA, Henderson L, Kramer JR, Kanwal F, Richardson PA, Duan Z, et al. Utilization of surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma among hepatitis C virus-infected veterans in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2011;154:85-93. [PMID: 21242365] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL 60612.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRisk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Alcoholic Cirrhosis Peter Jepsen , Peter Ott , Per Kragh Andersen , Henrik Toft Sørensen , and Hendrik Vilstrup Metrics 6 November 2012Volume 157, Issue 9Page: 677KeywordsAlcoholicsCirrhosisCohort studiesConflicts of interestHepatitis BHepatocellular carcinomaMedical risk factorsPopulation statisticsRetrospective studies ePublished: 6 November 2012 Issue Published: 6 November 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Peculiar facial erythematosquamous lesions in two siblings with cyclical summer improvement and winter relapse: A variant of keratosis lichenoides chronica?
Authors: Jirô Arata, Akemi Seno, Jôji Tada, Emi Wada, Hiroyuki Tamaki, Miwako Tamaki
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1993)
Imiquimod 5% cream for external genital or perianal warts in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: an open-label, noncomparative study
Authors: P. Saiag, A. Bauhofer, F. Bouscarat, C. Aquilina, J.P. Ortonne, N. Dupin, C. Mougin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ patients have an increased risk of anogenital warts. High-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPVs), especially types 16 and 18, are major risk factors for precancerous and cancerous lesions of the anogenital tract, while low-risk (LR) HPVs are associated with benign lesions. Cure of genital warts with ablative techniques, surgical excision, podophyllotoxin or trichloroacetic acid is frequently difficult. Treatment with imiquimod cream showed a total clearance of external genital or perianal warts in about 50% of immunocompetent subjects. However, total clearance was reduced in HIV+ subjects not treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).To assess clinically and by monitoring HPV content the efficacy of 5% topical imiquimod to treat anogenital warts in HIV+ subjects with at least partially restored immune functions.Fifty HIV+ patients successfully treated with HAART (total CD4+ cells > or = 200 cells mm(-3) and plasma HIV RNA load < 10(4) copies mL(-1)) with anogenital warts were included. Imiquimod 5% cream was applied on external genital or perianal warts three times weekly for up to 16 weeks. Warts were tested at entry and after treatment for human LR- and HR-HPV DNA.Total wart clearance was observed in 16 of 50 (32%) patients at week 16. At enrolment, HPV DNA was present in more than 90% of lesions with a majority of lesions co-infected by HR- and LR-HPV. At study end, the HPV load decreased or became undetectable in 40% of cases studied.Imiquimod 5% cream did not show safety concerns and is suitable for use in HIV+ subjects with anogenital warts and successful HAART treatment.
Muslim patients suffer as Hindu doctors fear for their safety
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Doctors in the riot hit Indian city of Ahmedabad have not been working in its Muslim neighbourhoods for several weeks, because of security concerns and a disruption in medical services.

Consultants and general practitioners belonging to the majority Hindu community are avoiding visits to Muslim localities in Ahmedabad, where religious riots between Hindus and Muslims have claimed more than 400 …
Nodal Staging in Penile Carcinoma by Dynamic Sentinel Node Biopsy After Previous Therapeutic Primary Tumour Resection
Authors: Niels M. Graafland, Renato A. Valdés Olmos, Willem Meinhardt, Axel Bex, Henk G. van der Poel, Hester H. van Boven, Omgo E. Nieweg, Simon Horenblas
Journal: European Urology (2010)
An ATF2-derived peptide sensitizes melanomas to apoptosis and inhibits their growth and metastasis
Authors: Anindita Bhoumik, Tian-Gui Huang, Vladimir Ivanov, Lisa Gangi, Rui F. Qiao, Savio L.C. Woo, Shu-Hsia Chen, Ze’ev Ronai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Melanomas are among the aggressive tumor types because of their notorious resistance to treatment and their high capacity to metastasize. ATF2 is among transcription factors implicated in the progression of melanoma and its resistance to treatment. Here we demonstrate that the expression of a peptide spanning amino acids 50–100 of ATF2 (ATF250–100) reduces ATF2 transcriptional activities while increasing the expression and activity of c-Jun. Altering the balance of Jun/ATF2 transcriptional activities sensitized melanoma cells to apoptosis, an effect that could be attenuated by inhibiting c-Jun. Inhibition of ATF2 via RNA interference likewise increased c-Jun expression and primed melanoma cells to undergo apoptosis. Growth and metastasis of SW1 and B16F10 mouse melanomas were inhibited by ATF250–100 to varying degrees up to a complete regression, depending on the mode (inducible, constitutive, or adenoviral delivery) of its expression.
Preparing for Thalidomide's Comeback
Authors: Cori Vanchieri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Currents15 November 1997Preparing for Thalidomide's ComebackCori VanchieriCori VanchieriSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-10-199711150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Thalidomide is on the verge of being introduced-with great care-into the U.S. marketplace. The news provokes polarized reactions: disbelief that such a potent teratogen could be made available after the lessons of almost 40 years ago, and impatience for a drug that can lead to exceptional improvements in some rare debilitating immune diseases.In early September, an advisory committee to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended that the FDA approve marketing of thalidomide for erythema nodosum leprosum, an inflammatory manifestation of leprosy that results in painful cutaneous lesions on the arms, legs, and face. The committee also strongly ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPregabalin for chronic pain: does one medication fit all?Conflicts of interest in psychiatry: Strategies to cultivate literacy in daily practiceThalidomide-induced acute cholestatic hepatitis: Case report and review of the literatureSalvage therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with thalidomideThalidomide: a remarkable comebackThalidomide-Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis 15 November 1997Volume 127, Issue 10Page: 951-952KeywordsAIDSCongenital disordersDrugsErythemaFood and Drug AdministrationPharmacistsPregnancySafetySemenUlcers Issue Published: 15 November 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Aquaporin-1 water channel protein in lung: ontogeny, steroid-induced expression, and distribution in rat.
Authors: L S King, S Nielsen, P Agre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

At birth water is rapidly reabsorbed from the distal lung in preparation for alveolar gas exchange. To investigate a potential role for the AQP1 water channel in development, lung membranes from fetal and perinatal rats were analyzed by immunoblot. First expression of AQP1 was noted in fetal rat lung at E19 (19th day of the 21-day gestation). The level of AQP1 increased fivefold from the last gestational day to the first postnatal day and persisted at high levels into adulthood. Maternal corticosteroids increased expression of AQP1 in fetal lung, an effect also seen in adult rats. AQP1 mRNA increased in rat pups treated with corticosteroids, suggesting at least partial regulation at the level of transcription. Immunohistochemical analyses with anti-AQP1 demonstrated the protein in peribronchial vessels and visceral pleura at E21 with increased postnatal expression. AQP1 was not expressed in airway epithelium, and only occasional alveolar pneumocytes were labeled. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed AQP1 on both apical and basolateral membranes of endothelial cells. The ontogeny and corticosteroid induction of AQP1 in rat lung coincide with major physiological alterations in lung development; however, the distribution of AQP1 predicts the existence of other water channels in the alveolar epithelium.
Clinical information systems and the year 2000
Authors: M F Smith
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In what sounds like a horror story, the crash of as many as 45 000 computer systems is predicted as the year 2000 dawns.1 Awareness is now growing of the problems posed by the millennium for computer systems, which is caused by the way that these systems handle dates. For all industries worldwide to correct their date handling before 2000 may cost as much as $600bn (£400bn).2 Clinical information systems represent a proportion of this problem, and those responsible for them need to take steps now to ensure that they do not fail in three years' time.

The millennium problem is the result of a shortcut often taken by those implementing computer …
TCT-117 Quality of Life Outcomes Among High-Risk Patients Undergoing TAVR via the Transapical Approach: A PARTNER Continued Access Substudy
Authors: Ajay J. Kirtane, David Brown, Mathew Williams, Isaac George, Yang Lei, Elizabeth Magnuson, Matthew R. Reynolds, Suzanne V. Arnold, Martin Leon, Craig Smith, Vinod Thourani, Lars Svensson, E. Murat Tuzcu, Wilson Y. Szeto, Todd Dewey, David Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Secondary prevention for patients after a myocardial infarction: summary of updated NICE guidance
Authors: K. Jones, L. Saxon, W. Cunningham, P. Adams
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Acute management of people who have had a myocardial infarction (MI) has changed dramatically, with more people surviving. More effective treatment, including percutaneous coronary intervention, raises questions about the relevance of current recommendations on secondary prevention. Concerns have arisen about the need for the antiplatelet regimens mandated by coronary stent insertion in people who have an independent need for warfarin. New data are also available about how to increase attendance for cardiac rehabilitation programmes, about existing drug treatments and lifestyle advice, and new antithrombotic agents. The impact of shorter stays in hospital on the changes in acute management have emphasised the importance of primary care in secondary prevention. General practitioners and nurses are now responsible for most of this activity, specifically the promotion of cardiac rehabilitation programmes and the prescription and monitoring of ongoing drug therapy. This also requires effective communication between hospital and primary care, ensuring that clear management plans are relayed in a timely way. These considerations have led to a revision of the 2007 guideline on secondary prevention after an MI.1 This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).2 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Cardiac rehabilitation Cardiac rehabilitation should be offered to all people who have had an MI and should be provided in different settings (such as in the person's home) and at different times of the day to ensure that people can attend and complete the programme.