tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Avulsion fracture of the extensor carpi radialis longus in a rugby player: a case report
Authors: D Jena, K A Giannikas, R Din
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

Avulsion fracture of the base of the second metacarpal is an unusual injury, and the cause in the few cases reported in the literature was a fall on a volarly flexed wrist. A case of this rare injury suffered in a sport related accident by a semiprofessional rugby player is reported. It was treated with open reduction and internal fixation after failure of conservative management.
Infrapatellar fat pad of patients with end-stage osteoarthritis inhibits catabolic mediators in cartilage
Authors: Yvonne M Bastiaansen-Jenniskens, Stefan Clockaerts, Carola Feijt, Anne-Marie Zuurmond, Vedrana Stojanovic-Susulic, Chris Bridts, Luc de Clerck, Jeroen DeGroot, Jan AN Verhaar, Margreet Kloppenburg, Gerjo JVM van Osch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> Adipose tissue is known to release inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. In this exploratory study, the authors examined whether the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) closely located to cartilage in the knee joint can affect cartilage metabolism. In addition, the authors analysed whether the macrophage types present in IPFP could explain the effect on cartilage. <h3>Methods</h3> IPFP explants obtained during total knee replacement of 29 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) were used to make fat-conditioned medium (FCM). Explants of bovine cartilage were cultured with or without FCM. Nitric oxide (NO) and glycosaminoglycan release and gene expression of matrix-degrading enzymes in cartilage were analysed. To stimulate catabolic processes in the cartilage, the authors added interleukin 1β, and the effect of six FCMs was evaluated. The presence of different types of macrophages (CD68+, CD86+ and CD206+) in OA IPFPs was compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue samples and IPFP samples from patients with an anterior cruciate ligament rupture. <h3>Results</h3> FCM alone reduced NO and glycosaminoglycan release and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)1 gene expression by the cartilage. Moreover, when catabolic conditions were enhanced with interleukin 1β, FCM inhibited NO production as well as MMP1 and MMP3 gene expression and increased collagen type II gene expression. Significantly more CD206+ cells were present in OA IPFP samples than in subcutaneous fat or anterior cruciate ligament IPFP samples. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In contrast to the authors9 expectations, medium conditioned by end-stage OA IPFP inhibited catabolic processes in cartilage. CD206+ cells present in the IPFPs used for making the FCM might have contributed to the inhibition of catabolic processes in the cartilage.
Cellular Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in Cardiomegalies Induced by Anemia in Young and Adult Rats
Authors: JOACHIM F. NEFFGEN, BORIVOJ KORECKY
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

In our previous studies a twofold cardiomegaly associated with a proportional increase in cardiac DNA was found in rats subjected to a low-iron diet after weaning. To localize the newly synthesized DNA, control and anemic rats 24-34 days of age were given three intraperitoneal injections of 3 H-thymidine (1 µc/g body weight; 22c/mM) at 2-hour intervals. The radioautographs were prepared from sections of the left ventricle stained with PAS-hematoxylin. Between 26 and 34 days of age, significantly larger numbers of labeled nuclei were found in both muscle (31-160/1000) and nonmuscle cells, (29-139/1000) in the hearts of anemic rats as compared to controls (11-49/1000 and 6-35/1000, respectively). When 80-day-old rats were given a low-iron diet, a cardiomegaly of approximately 50% developed. A nonsignificant increase in total cardiac DNA and a small significant increase in labeled cardiac nonmuscle nuclei (16-35/1000) was observed in the anemic groups. We conclude that hyperplasia of cardiac muscle and nonmuscle cells is responsible for the increased cardiac mass if cardiomegaly is induced during early postweaning life, while cardiomegaly induced in adult life gives rise to hypertrophy of cardiac muscle cells and hyperplasia of cardiac nonmuscle cells.
Masking Epistasis Between MYC and TGF-β Pathways in Antiangiogenesis-Mediated Colon Cancer Suppression
Authors: Michael Dews, Grace S. Tan, Stacy Hultine, Pichai Raman, Jaewoo Choi, Elizabeth K. Duperret, Jack Lawler, Adam Bass, Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

The c-Myc oncoprotein is activated in the majority of colorectal cancers (CRCs), whereas the TGF-β pathway is frequently affected by loss-of-function mutations, for example in SMAD2/3/4 genes. The canonical model places Myc downstream of inhibitory TGF-β signaling. However, we previously demonstrated that Myc also inhibits TGF-β signaling through the miR-17~92 microRNA cluster, raising the question about functional relationships between these two pathways. We engineered a series of genetically complex murine and human CRC cell lines in which Myc and TGF-β activities could be manipulated simultaneously. This was achieved through retroviral expression of the Myc–estrogen receptor fusion protein and through Smad4 short hairpin RNA knockdown. Cell lines thus modified were injected subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice, and the resultant tumors (n = 5–10 per treatment group) were analyzed for overall growth and neovascularization. Additionally, the distribution of MYC and TGF-β pathway mutations was analyzed in previously profiled human CRC samples. In kras-mutated/trp53-deleted murine colonocytes, either Myc activation or TGF-β inactivation increased tumor sizes and microvascular densities approximately 1.5- to 2.5-fold, chiefly through downregulation of thrombospondin-1 and related type I repeat–containing proteins. Combining Myc activation with TGF-β inactivation did not further accelerate tumorigenesis. This redundancy and the negative effect of TGF-β signaling on angiogenesis were also demonstrated using xenografts of human CRC cell lines. Furthermore, the analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas data revealed that in CRC without microsatellite instability, overexpression of Myc and inactivation of Smads (including acquired mutations in SMAD2) are mutually exclusive, with odds ratio less than 0.1. In human CRC, gain-of-function alterations in Myc and loss-of-function alterations in TGF-β exhibit a masking epistatic interaction and are functionally redundant.
Effect of Sibutramine on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Subjects
Authors: W. Philip T. James, Ian D. Caterson, Walmir Coutinho, Nick Finer, Luc F. Van Gaal, Aldo P. Maggioni, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Arya M. Sharma, Gillian M. Shepherd, Richard A. Rode, Cheryl L. Renz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The long-term effects of sibutramine treatment on the rates of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death among subjects at high cardiovascular risk have not been established.
Simultaneous assessment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction during pacing-induced ischemia.
Authors: J M Aroesty, R G McKay, G V Heller, H D Royal, A V Als, W Grossman
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Both systolic and diastolic dysfunction have been described during pacing-induced ischemia, but the temporal sequence of systolic and diastolic impairment has not been established. Accordingly, 22 patients with coronary artery disease were paced at increasing heart rates and studied with simultaneous hemodynamic monitoring, electrocardiographic recording, and radionuclide ventriculography. In addition, with synchronized left ventricular pressure tracings and radionuclide volume curves, three sequential pressure-volume diagrams were constructed for each patient corresponding to baseline, intermediate, and maximum pacing levels. Eleven patients (group I) demonstrated a nonischemic response to pacing tachycardia without chest pain, significant electrocardiographic changes, or significant rise in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in the immediate postpacing period. These patients demonstrated a progressive decrease in LVEDP, end-diastolic volume, and end-systolic volume, no change in cardiac output or left ventricular ejection fraction, and a progressive increase in left ventricular diastolic peak filling rate and the end-systolic pressure-volume ratio. Pressure-volume diagrams shifted progressively leftward and slightly downward, suggesting both an increase in contractility and a mild increase in left ventricular distensibility. The remaining 11 patients (group II) exhibited an ischemic response to pacing tachycardia, with each patient experiencing angina pectoris, demonstrating greater than 1 mm ST segment depression on the electrocardiogram, and exhibiting greater than 5 mm Hg rise in LVEDP immediately after pacing. LVEDP, end-diastolic volume, and end-systolic volume in these patients initially decreased and then subsequently increased during angina, with no change in cardiac output but a decrease in ejection fraction. Left ventricular peak diastolic filling rate and the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume ratio both increased at the intermediate pacing rate but fell at maximum pacing. Pressure-volume diagrams for these patients shifted leftward initially, then back to the right, during intermediate and peak pacing levels, often with an upward shift in the diastolic pressure-volume relationship. LVEDP in group II was significantly higher than that in group I at the intermediate pacing level with no difference in end-diastolic or end-systolic volumes, suggesting decreased left ventricular distensibility in these patients before the onset of systolic dysfunction at the maximum pacing level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
EXPERIENCES WITH THE PHARMACOLOGIC SHOCK THERAPIES IN THE "PSYCHOSES" IN MILITARY PERSONNEL
Authors: WALTER GOLDFARB, JAMES F. DORSEY, J. M. LAUGHLIN, HUGH E. KIENE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

1. The case histories of psychotics in the military personnel, and the effect of the shock therapies was reviewed and analyzed. The response to treatment was found to differ markedly from the response observed in civil practice. 2. Various modifications of technique were described and illustrated.
Uneven copper distribution in the human newborn liver
Authors: Gavino Faa, Carla Liguori, Amedeo Columbano, Giacomo Diaz
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The pattern of copper distribution in human newborn liver was investigated by histochemical methods (rhodamine, orcein and rubeanic acid) and by atomic absorption spectroscopy. A significant correlation (p &lt; 0.005) was found between the degree of histochemical positivity and the copper concentration found by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In the majority of the 30 livers examined (first group), the copper concentration was much higher than that of normal adult liver, although exhibiting striking individual differences. No correlation between the copper content and sex, body weight or gestational age was found. From a second group of five livers, longitudinal tissue slices 0.5 cm thick were partitioned into regular blocks of about 0.5 gm, which were individually analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Copper appeared unevenly distributed within each liver, with marked differences even between adjacent blocks. However, a consistent tendency of copper to accumulate in the left lobe more than in the right one was evident. Five additional blocks, one for each liver, were further partitioned into 10 small specimens of a final size (0.05 gm), comparable to that of a needle biopsy. Even at this sampling level, consisting of tissue fragments taken from a small tissue area, the copper concentration appeared quite irregularly distributed. These findings may be considered for two different aspects: (a) the biological implications of the pattern of copper accumulation in different lobar and lobular liver compartments and (b) the statistical inference, for diagnostic purposes, of the mean liver copper content from measurements of single percutaneous biopsy specimens.
PTU-033 Meta-Analysis of Flexible Spectral Imaging Colour Enhancement (Fice) in Detection and Characterization of Colorectal Polyps
Authors: C Raychaudhuri, N Mohammed, V Subramanian
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Several endoscopic innovations have been developed recently to improve detection and characterization of colorectal polyps. Flexible spectral imaging colour enhancement (FICE) is a form of image enhanced endoscopy which enhances the visualisation of mucosal structures and microcirculation by the selection of spectral transmission with a dedicated wavelength. <h3>Methods</h3> Various electronic databases were searched for articles reporting on detection and characterization of colonic polyps comparing standard while light endoscopy and FICE. The pooled mean differences in total numbers of polyps, adenomatous polyps, flat adenomas, and hyperplastic polyps detected was calculated. Additionally, pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and pooled area under the receiver operating curve was calculated. A fixed effects model was used unless there was significant heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using Funnel plots and Egger’s test and heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and the I2 test. <h3>Results</h3> 5 studies/2150 patients and 11 studies/2425 patients were included in the analysis for detection of polyps and polyp characterization respectively. There were no differences between FICE and standard colonoscopy for the detection of all polyps, adenomatous polyps, flat adenoma or hyperplastic polyps (Table 1). Table 2 lists the pooled diagnostic accuracy parameters for FICE. A random effects model was used in both because there was heterogeneity between the studies. <h3>Conclusion</h3> FICE does not seem to improve the detection rate of adenomatous polyps during screening colonoscopy. These results may partially be due to the small number of studies done so far using FICE. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of FICE does not meet the currently accepted criteria of the ASGE PIVI committee for use in routine clinical practise. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Cerebral processing of painful oesophageal stimulation: a study based on independent component analysis of the EEG
Authors: Asbjørn Mohr Drewes, Saber Sami, G. Dimcevski, Kim Dremstrup Nielsen, P. Funch-Jensen, M. Valeriani, Lars Arendt-Nielsen
Journal: Gut (2005)

Independent component analysis (ICA) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) overcomes many of the classical problems in EEG analysis. We used ICA to determine the brain responses to painful stimulation of the oesophagus.Twelve subjects with a median age of 41 years were included. With a nasal endoscope, two series of 35 electrical stimuli at the pain threshold were given to the distal oesophagus and the EEG was subjected to ICA. The sessions were separated by 30 minutes. For each component head models, event related images, spectral perturbation, coherence analysis, and dipoles were extracted. The most valid components were found according to time/frequency information and reliability in both experiments.Reliable components with the most valid dipoles were found in the thalamus, insula, cingulate gyrus, and sensory cortex. Time locked activities were consistent with upstream activation of these areas, and cross coherence analysis of the sources demonstrated dynamic links in the beta(14-25 Hz) and gamma(25-50 Hz) bands between the suggested networks of neurones. The thalamic components were time and phase locked intermittently, starting around 50 ms. In the cingulate gyrus, the posterior areas were always firstly activated, followed by the middle and anterior regions. Components with dipoles in the sensory cortex were localised in several regions of the somatosensory area.The method gives new information relating to the localisation and dynamics between neuronal networks in the brain to pain evoked from the human oesophagus, and should be used to increase our understanding of clinical pain.
Drug use as consumer behavior
Authors: Gordon Robert Foxall, Valdimar Sigurdsson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Seeking integration of drug consumption research by a theory of memory function and emphasizing drug consumption rather than addiction, Müller & Schumann (M&S) treat drug self-administration as part of a general pattern of consumption. This insight is located within a more comprehensive framework for understanding drug use as consumer behavior that explicates the reinforcement contingencies associated with modes of drug consumption.
A comparison of the actions of different bronchodilators in asthma
Authors: B. J. Freedman, P. Meisner, G. B. Hill
Journal: Thorax (1968)

The actions of the following pressurized bronchodilators were compared by administration to 24 asthmatics: (1) Medihaler Iso Forte, (2) Alupent, (3) Medihaler-duo, (4) Bronchilator, and (5) Prenomiser Plus. These contained one or more of the following: isoprenaline, orciprenaline, isoetharine, phenylephrine, atropine methonitrate, and thenyldiamine. The dose was a single discharge from the container. The response was assessed by calculating the mean percentage change in F.E.V. at intervals after inhalation. The mean peak rises were respectively (1) 49·4%, (2) 43·6%, (3) 36·2%, (4) 33·5%, and (5) 23·5%. The amplitude of peak response to isoprenaline was related to the logarithm of the dose. Weight for weight, orciprenaline had a peak bronchodilator activity 41·5% that of isoprenaline and isoetharine 50%. The preparations did not differ significantly in the time taken to reach maximum response, which varied from 5 to 60 minutes; three-quarters of the maxima occurred within 15 minutes. The half-life for Alupent was 2 hours; for Medihaler-duo, which contains 240 μg. of phenylephrine per dose, it was 1¼ hours; for the remaining preparations it was about 1 hour. The decay rate, after the first half-hour, was 6% of the basal F.E.V. per hour for Medihaler-duo; for the other preparations it was 10-12%. In the doses given, Alupent yielded 20% and 30% increases lasting 130 and 67 minutes; after Medihaler Iso Forte these lasted 78 and 46 minutes. Similar comparative experiments, designed to eliminate effects of dosage difference, are desirable. Rebound bronchoconstriction occurred in 23% of 92 experiments. There was no response to propellent alone. The mean percentage change in F.E.V. may not be the best way of expressing results.
Lysophosphatidylcholine increases rat ileal permeability to macromolecules.
Authors: C Tagesson, L Franzen, G Dahl, B Westrom
Journal: Gut (1985)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To measure and compare mortality outcomes between dually eligible veterans transported by ambulance to a Veterans Affairs hospital and those transported to a non-Veterans Affairs hospital. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective cohort study using data from medical charts and administrative files. <h3>Setting</h3> Emergency visits by ambulance to 140 Veteran Affairs and 2622 non-Veteran Affairs hospitals across 46 US states and the District of Columbia in 2001-18. <h3>Participants</h3> National cohort of 583 248 veterans (aged ≥65 years) enrolled in both the Veterans Health Administration and Medicare programs, who resided within 20 miles of at least one Veterans Affairs hospital and at least one non-Veterans Affairs hospital, in areas where ambulances regularly transported patients to both types of hospitals. <h3>Intervention</h3> Emergency treatment at a Veterans Affairs hospital. <h3>Main outcome measure</h3> Deaths in the 30 day period after the ambulance ride. Linear probability models of mortality were used, with adjustment for patients' demographic characteristics, residential zip codes, comorbid conditions, and other variables. <h3>Results</h3> Of 1 470 157 ambulance rides, 231 611 (15.8%) went to Veterans Affairs hospitals and 1 238 546 (84.2%) went to non-Veterans Affairs hospitals. The adjusted mortality rate at 30 days was 20.1% lower among patients taken to Veterans Affairs hospitals than among patients taken to non-Veterans Affairs hospitals (9.32 deaths per 100 patients (95% confidence interval 9.15 to 9.50) <i>v</i> 11.67 (11.58 to 11.76)). The mortality advantage associated with Veterans Affairs hospitals was particularly large for patients who were black (−25.8%), were Hispanic (−22.7%), and had received care at the same hospital in the previous year. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These findings indicate that within a month of being treated with emergency care at Veterans Affairs hospitals, dually eligible veterans had substantially lower risk of death than those treated at non-Veterans Affairs hospitals. The nature of this mortality advantage warrants further investigation, as does its generalizability to other types of patients and care. Nonetheless, the finding is relevant to assessments of the merit of policies that encourage private healthcare alternatives for veterans.
Tetrathiomolybdate inhibits head and neck cancer metastasis by decreasing tumor cell motility, invasiveness and by promoting tumor cell anoikis
Authors: Pawan Kumar, Arti Yadav, Samip N Patel, Mozaffarul Islam, Quintin Pan, Sofia D Merajver, Theodoros N Teknos
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

The metastatic spread of solid tumors is directly or indirectly responsible for most cancer-related deaths. Tumor metastasis is very complex and this process requires a tumor cell to acquire enhanced motility, invasiveness and anoikis resistance to successfully establish a tumor at a distal site. Metastatic potential of tumor cells is directly correlated with the expression levels of several angiogenic cytokines. Copper is a mandatory cofactor for the function of many of these angiogenic mediators as well as other proteins that play an important role in tumor cell motility and invasiveness. We have previously shown that tetrathiomolybdate (TM) is a potent chelator of copper and it mediates its anti-tumor effects by suppressing tumor angiogenesis. However, very little is known about the effect of TM on tumor cell function and tumor metastasis. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying TM-mediated inhibition of tumor metastasis. We used two in vivo models to examine the effects of TM on tumor metastasis. Animals treated with TM showed a significant decrease in lung metastasis in both in vivo models as compared to the control group. In addition, tumor cells from the lungs of TM treated animals developed significantly smaller colonies and these colonies had significantly fewer tumor cells. TM treatment significantly decreased tumor cell motility and invasiveness by inhibiting lysyl oxidase (LOX) activity, FAK activation and MMP2 levels. Furthermore, TM treatment significantly enhanced tumor cell anoikis by activating p38 MAPK cell death pathway and by downregulating XIAP survival protein expression. Taken together, these results suggest that TM is a potent suppressor of head and neck tumor metastasis by modulating key regulators of tumor cell motility, invasiveness and anoikis resistance.
Presence of FLT3-ITD and high BAALC expression are independent prognostic markers in childhood acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Anna Staffas, Meena Kanduri, Randi Hovland, Richard Rosenquist, Hans Beier Ommen, Jonas Abrahamsson, Erik Forestier, Kirsi Jahnukainen, Ólafur G. Jónsson, Bernward Zeller, Josefine Palle, Gudmar Lönnerholm, Henrik Hasle, Lars Palmqvist, Hans Ehrencrona
Journal: Blood (2011)