tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mobitz Type II Block without Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: KENNETH M. ROSEN, HENRY S. LOEB, ROLF M. GUNNAR, SHAHBUDIN H. RAHIMTOOLA
Journal: Circulation (1971)

His bundle (H) electrograms were recorded in three patients with Mobitz type II block and narrow QRS. Block was secondary to digitalis intoxication in one patient. In the second patient, who had first-degree A-V block, type II block occurred with atrial pacing at a slightly increased heart rate. In the third patient, who had corrected transposition of the great vessels, type II block occurred spontaneously. In two additional patients, block simulating type II block was noted. In one, block of single P waves occurred with carotid massage. In the other, Wenckebach periods with small increments in P-R (and P-H) intervals resembled episodes of type II block. In all five patients, block was proximal to H, suggesting the A-V node as the site of block. The conduction defects in these patients were not progressive; none of the patients needed a pacemaker. Although these mechanisms were identified in patients with narrow QRS complexes, they could occur with bundle-branch block suggesting an erroneous diagnosis of bilateral bundle-branch disease. It is concluded that His bundle recording is helpful in delineating these benign forms of block. The site of block may be a more important determinant of prognosis than the type of block.
Repairing Body Fluids: Principles and Practice
Authors: Nadine Bazilinski
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This is a deceptively short but inclusive textbook written for the clinician who treats patients with fluid and electrolyte disturbances. The book has seven chapters—on volume, tonicity, potassium, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and acid-base balance. Each begins with a brief description of pathophysiology and principles of therapy followed by discussions of the precise management of various syndromes included in the differential diagnosis. There are numerous graphs and flow charts, many depicting the clinical course of patients undergoing therapy, such as the sequential change in sodium and water balance seen when treating a patient with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion or the change in serum calcium and phosphorus levels in hypoparathyroid patients given a vitamin D preparation. There are some tables with differential diagnoses, others with lists of specific indications or contraindications of therapy, and several with current drug preparations that include generic and brand names as well as dosages.
Does Pregnancy Influence the Durability of Human Aortic Valve Substitutes?
Authors: Bardia Arabkhani, Helena J. Heuvelman, Ad J.J.C. Bogers, M. Mostafa Mokhles, Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink, Johanna J.M. Takkenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Microbial Risk Assessment Framework for Exposure to Amended Sludge Projects
Authors: Joseph N.S. Eisenberg, Kelly Moore, Jeffery A. Soller, Don Eisenberg, John M. Colford
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has a long history of using risk-based approaches for regulatory purposes, pollutant limits for pathogens in biosolids are not currently based on quantitative risk assessments.We developed and demonstrated a risk-based methodology for assessing the risk to human health from exposure to pathogens via biosolids.Four models were developed, incorporating direct ingestion, groundwater, and aerosol exposure pathways. Three sources of environmental data were used to estimate risk: pathogen monitoring of sludge, efficacy of sludge treatment, and pathogen monitoring of biosolids.Risk estimates were obtainable even for Class A biosolids, where posttreatment monitoring data are below detectable levels, demonstrating that risk assessments for biosolids exposure are practical. Model analyses suggest that: a) a two-digester design decreases the probability of risks >10(-4) compared with one-digester designs, b) risks associated with exposures to groundwater and aerosol pathways were, in general, lower than exposures to the direct ingestion pathway, and c) secondary transmission can be an important factor in risk estimation.The risk-based approach presented here provides a tool to a) help biosolids producers interpret the results of biosolids monitoring data in terms of its health implications, b) help treatment plant engineers evaluate the risk-based benefits of operational changes to existing or projected treatment processes, and c) help environmental managers evaluate potential capital improvements and/or land application site placement issues. Regulation of pathogens can now be based on human health risk in a manner parallel to other water-related risks.
THE HALF-LIFE OF HOMOLOGOUS GAMMA GLOBULIN (ANTIBODY) IN SEVERAL SPECIES
Authors: Frank J. Dixon, David W. Talmage, Paul H. Maurer, Maria Deichmiller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

1. The half-lives of homologous gamma globulins labelled with I(131) agree well with the half-lives of passively administered homologous antibodies and provide a simple, quantitative tool for the determination of antibody half-life when immunochemical techniques are difficult to apply. 2. The half-lives of gamma globulin or antibody vary markedly from species to species and apparently even among age groups within a species. 3. The half-lives of gamma globulin or antibody seem to be dependent, at least in part, on the metabolic rate of the host.
Child resistant containers for liquid medications.
Authors: T M Fox, B Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1993)

was also considerably less, with 37 of 40 (93%) patients having no postoperative discomfort and being able to return to school soon after surgery compared with 16 of 35 (46%) who were circum- cised.Twenty eight of 40 responding parents whose son had had preputial plasty thought that the final appearance of their son's penis was normal.Only two patients were unable to retract their foreskins, and in both there had been no effort at early mobilisation.Preputial plasty is a well recognised procedure in Europe,4 and we think that it is a reliable option for selected patients with tight but unscarred and uninfected foreskins.It certainly enables many more foreskins to be saved.
Independent Inheritance of Serum Immunoglobulin E Concentrations and Airway Responsiveness
Authors: LYLE J. PALMER, PAUL R. BURTON, JENNIE A. FAUX, ALAN L. JAMES, A. WILLIAM MUSK, WILLIAM O. C. M. COOKSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Elevated serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and increased airway responsiveness (AR) are correlated traits that are characteristic of asthma. It is not known to what extent these traits arise from distinct or shared genetic determinants. We investigated the genetic and environmental components of variance of serum total and specific IgE levels and AR in an Australian population-based sample of 232 Caucasian nuclear families. The inter-relationships of the genetic determinants of these traits were also investigated. Loge total serum IgE levels had a narrow-sense heritability (h 2 N ) of 47.3% (SE = 10.0%). Specific serum IgE levels against house dust mite and timothy grass, measured as a RAST Index, ad a h 2 N of 33.8% (SE = 7.3%). AR, quantified by the loge dose-response slope to methacholine (DRS), had a h 2 N of 30.0% (SE = 12.3%). Extended modeling demonstrated an approximate 70% overlap in the genetic determinants of total and specific serum IgE levels. The genetic determinants of serum IgE levels and AR exhibited less than 30% sharing. These data are consistent with the existence of multiple genetic determinants of the pathophysiologic traits associated with asthma, and suggest that AR is genetically distinct from atopy. These results have implications for gene discovery programs.
Medical Care Is Not Health Care
Authors: Warren Winkelstein
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —One hears a great deal about "health care" these days. Before November 3, 1992, former President Bush had a health care plan and President Clinton had promised to send Congress a health care package within the first 100 days of his administration. The pages of<i>JAMA</i>frequently contain articles on health care and the editors regularly use the term. But, was President Bush and are President Clinton and the editors of<i>JAMA</i>really talking about health care or are they talking about "disease" or "medical care"? Nowadays, the term "health care" is typically used to refer to those practices and organizations that society uses for the care and rehabilitation of the sick. Calling these activities health care constantly reinforces the view that medical care determines the health status of the population. But the best that curative medical care can do is to return the sick and disabled
The Later Papers of Sir Aubrey Lewis
Authors: George E. Gifford
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Sir Aubrey Lewis, LLD, DSc, MD, FRCP, FRCPsych, lately emeritus professor of psychiatry, University of London, formerly of the Institute of Psychiatry, was a distinguished and important English psychiatrist. Two volumes of his collected works were published shortly after his retirement in 1966. This group of 24 articles was written between his retirement and his death in 1975. They are primarily essays in the history of psychiatry and are characterized by superb erudition and a deep understanding of his profession and its roots, written in elegant English. He once wrote, "The humanities cannot, by definition, be classified as sciences but history and ethics and, in the long run, philosophy are branches of knowledge from which medicine draws sustenance. This is particularly true of their relation to psychiatry." The articles are introduced by Michael Shepherd, and there is a bibliography of Sir Aubrey's articles for 1926 to 1978. It will not
Tricuspid atresia or severe stenosis with partial common atrioventricular canal: Anatomic data, clinical profile and surgical considerations
Authors: Stella Van Praagh, Venturella Vangi, Jun Hee Sul, Dominique Metras, Ira Parness, Aldo R. Castaneda, Richard Van Praagh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
DO ALL SPECT APPROPRIATENESS CRITERIA PREDICT LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES? A 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Authors: Kaelin Edward DeMuth, Jaime Rodriguez, Joseph Freedman, Marlow Hernandez, Craig Asher, Gian Novaro, David Wolinsky, Martin Harris, Randall Starling, Michael Shen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Inflammatory remonses in skin and airways after allergen challenge in brown Norway rats sensitrzed to trimvellitic anhydride
Authors: P. Andius, H. Arakawa, J. Mölne, T. Pullerits, B.‐E. Skoogh, J. Lötvall
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is a low‐molecular‐weight compound which causes occupational allergy. Brown Norway rats were sensitized to TMA injected intradermally (0.3% TMA suspended in oil). Three weeks later, we examined responses to either free TMA injected intradermally, or TMA conjugated to rat serum albumin (TMA‐RSA) given by inhalation (0.5%, nebulized for 15 min). Twenty‐one days after the sensitization, Evans blue dye was given i.v. (20 mg/kg), and extravasation of dye in skin was measured 30 min after oil or TMA injections (0.03–10% in oil). In a separate series of experiments, we evaluated the accumulation of eosinophils in the skin after single and repeated injections of TMA (0.03–0.3%). The injection sites were removed and fixed in formalin 18–24 h after the last injection. In a third series of experiments, we evaluated the effects of airway exposure to TMA‐RSA (0.5% in 0.9% saline) on the accumulation of eosinophils in the bronchial wall counted with quantitative light microscopy. Intradermal injections of free TMA caused a dose‐dependent increase of Evans blue dye extravasation which was significantly higher in sensitized animals than in controls. Skin histology revealed a significant and dose‐dependent increase in eosinophils after repeated TMA injections in sensitized animals. Exposure to aerosolized TMA‐RSA caused a significant increase of eosinophils in the bronchial wall of sensitized rats compared with nonsensitized rats. Sensitized animals showed significantly higher levels of specific IgG and IgE. We conclude that brown Norway rats can be used as a model of TMA‐induced allergic inflammation, mimicking occupational asthma.
Desferrioxamine in the Treatment of Acute Toxic Reaction to Ferrous Gluconate
Authors: F. Henderson, T. J. Vietti, Elmer B. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Desferrioxamine, a new, specific iron chelating agent, was used in the successful treatment of a child with acute iron intoxication due to ferrous gluconate. The dosage of desferrioxamine was 92 mg/kg given intravenously on three occasions at 12-hour intervals after an initial oral dose of 5 gm. Prompt improvement in the child's clinical status was accompanied by rapid fall in serum iron concentration to normal levels and excretion of about 25 mg of iron in the urine. Further trials of desferrioxamine in the treatment of acute iron intoxication are warranted on the basis of this experience.
Speed cameras "do a good job" in reducing road deaths and injuries
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Speed cameras reduce numbers of road traffic crashes and deaths, finds new research carried out by a team based at Australia’s Queensland University.

The findings, published by the Cochrane Library ( Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010;(10):CD004607, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004607.pub3), show that when speed cameras are in place the number of vehicles that exceed local speed limits is lower, and the number of collisions and the number of people killed or injured are also reduced.

The results are topical because the United Kingdom’s coalition government has claimed that local authorities have relied too heavily on speed cameras to reduce numbers of road crashes. Earlier this year the government announced that it would be cutting the road safety budgets it gives to English and Welsh local authorities by £38m (€44m; $60m) and cutting central funding for speed cameras as part of its wider efforts to reduce public spending.

Announcing the funding cuts, the …
Ferric Oxyhydroxide Microparticles in Water
Authors: Donald O. Whittemore, Donald Langmuir
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Mineralogy and specific surface area are major controls on the stabilities of ferric oxyhydroxide microparticles in natural waters. The thermodynamic stabilities of ferric oxyhydroxides, as described by the activity product in solution pK = -log [Fe(3+)] [OH(-)](3) range from pK = 37.1 for freshly precipitated amorphous oxyhydroxide to pK = 44.2 for well crystallized goethite. The sizes of suspended oxyhydroxide particles in natural waters range from less than 0.01 mum to greater than 5 mum. Oxyhydroxides precipitated in the laboratory from solutions simulating high-iron natural waters are needlelike or lathlike in shape and have mean thicknesses as small as 60 A. Large specific surface areas resulting from the small sizes of ferric oxyhydroxide particles cause increased solubilities and thus decreased pK values. Specific surface areas of 40-170 m(2)/g determined for laboratory precipitates gave computed decreases in pK of 0.4 to 1.6 units.
Effects of growth hormone treatment on circulating proinflammatory cytokines and soluble apoptosis receptor Fas in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: S. Adamopoulos, J. Parissis, M. Georgiadis, D. Karatzas, C. Kroupis, G. Karavolias, K. Koniavitou, D.Th Kremastinos
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Amino acid substitution (Ile194----Thr) in exon 5 of the lipoprotein lipase gene causes lipoprotein lipase deficiency in three unrelated probands. Support for a multicentric origin.
Authors: H E Henderson, Y Ma, M F Hassan, M V Monsalve, A D Marais, F Winkler, K Gubernator, J Peterson, J D Brunzell, M R Hayden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Studies on the molecular biology of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency have been facilitated by the availability of LPL gene probes and the recent characterization of gene mutations underlying human LPL deficiency. Typically, missense mutations have predominated and show a preferential localization to exons 4 and 5. This distribution supports earlier studies attributing functional significance to residues encoded by these exons. We now report a further missense mutation within exon 5 of the LPL gene in three unrelated patients. Amplification of individual exons by the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing revealed a T----C transition at codon 194 of the LPL cDNA which results in a substitution of threonine for isoleucine at this residue. The catalytic abnormality induced by this mutation was confirmed through in vitro mutagenesis studies in COS-1 cells. Transfection with a LPL cDNA containing the codon 194 transition resulted in the synthesis and secretion of a catalytically defective protein. The Thr194 substitution was associated with two different DNA haplotypes, consistent with a multicentric origin for this mutation.
Detection of cardiac neurohormonal activation complements cardiac troponin for predicting recurrent events in UA/NSTEMI: prognostic utility of BNP in TACTICS-TIMI 18
Authors: David A. Morrow, James A. de Lemos, Marc S. Sabatine, Sabina A. Murphy, Peter M. DiBattiste, Carolyn H. McCabe, Christopher P. Cannon, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Old Culprits Blamed for New Crimes
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Now that most of the papers presented at the Centennial Conference on Laryngeal Cancer have been published, one can compare epidemiological studies in various countries and can assess the causative factors for this form of cancer. Reporting on the epidemiology of laryngeal cancer in Japan during a ten-year period, 1960 to 1969, Iwamoto<sup>1</sup>finds that environmental influences other than smoking had little bearing on the causes of laryngeal cancer. Cigarette smoking, however, was a significant factor in 96% of 6,360 patients whose cases he had investigated. Similarly, Martensson,<sup>2</sup>reporting of laryngeal cancer in Scandinavia, Sweden, Finland, and Norway, found that tobacco was generally a major contributor to development of cancer of the larynx. Krajina et al,<sup>3</sup>reporting from Yugoslavia, also found that among the etiologic factors leading to laryngeal cancer, the two most important were heavy smoking and consumption of alcohol. Hiranandani<sup>4</sup>reported on the epidemiology
Scientific foundation of mammographic screening is based on inconclusive research in Sweden
Authors: G. Sjonell, L. Stahle
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—In a letter Rosen and Rehnqvist criticised our analysis of mammographic screening in Sweden.1 We respond here to their criticism. The Swedish Board of Health and Welfare claims that mammographic screening has been shown to be effective in Swedish high quality clinical trials. A re-evaluation of these trials casts serious doubt on that conclusion.

A meta-analysis of five Swedish clinical trials showed a significant 24% reduction in mortality from breast cancer, but the control groups in four of the …
Identification of a highly mobilizable subset of human neutrophil intracellular vesicles that contains tetranectin and latent alkaline phosphatase.
Authors: N Borregaard, L Christensen, O W Bejerrum, H S Birgens, I Clemmensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Tetranectin, a protein recently identified in a wide variety of human secretory cells (Christensen, L., and I. Clemmensen. 1989. Histochemistry. 92:29-35) was found to colocalize with latent alkaline phosphatase activity in fractions well separated from azurophil granules, specific granules, gelatinase-containing granules, and plasma membranes when postnuclear supernatants of nitrogen-cavitated neutrophils were fractionated on discontinuous Percoll density gradients. Stimulation of intact neutrophils with nanomolar concentrations of FMLP, leukotriene B4, 10-100 U/ml of tumor necrosis factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor resulted in parallel release of tetranectin and translocation of alkaline phosphatase to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, intracellular pools of tetranectin and latent alkaline phosphatase were completely released from neutrophils under conditions that barely induced release of specific granules containing B12-binding protein. These findings indicate that tetranectin and latent alkaline phosphatase define an easily mobilizable population of cytoplasmic storage organelles in human neutrophils which are functionally distinguishable from azurophil, specific, and gelatinase-containing granules. These organelles may play an important role as stores of membrane proteins that are mobilized to the cell surface during stimulation by inflammatory mediators.
Ethnic Differences in Coronary Calcification
Authors: Diane E. Bild, Robert Detrano, Do Peterson, Alan Guerci, Kiang Liu, Eyal Shahar, Pamela Ouyang, Sharon Jackson, Mohammed F. Saad
Journal: Circulation (2005)

There is substantial evidence that coronary calcification, a marker for the presence and quantity of coronary atherosclerosis, is higher in US whites than blacks; however, there have been no large population-based studies comparing coronary calcification among US ethnic groups.Using computed tomography, we measured coronary calcification in 6814 white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese men and women aged 45 to 84 years with no clinical cardiovascular disease who participated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). The prevalence of coronary calcification (Agatston score >0) in these 4 ethnic groups was 70.4%, 52.1%, 56.5%, and 59.2%, respectively, in men (P<0.001) and 44.6%, 36.5%, 34.9%, and 41.9%, respectively, (P<0.001) in women. After adjustment for age, education, lipids, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, treatment for hypercholesterolemia, gender, and scanning center, compared with whites, the relative risks for having coronary calcification were 0.78 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.82) in blacks, 0.85 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.91) in Hispanics, and 0.92 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.99) in Chinese. After similar adjustments, the amount of coronary calcification among those with an Agatston score >0 was greatest among whites, followed by Chinese (77% that of whites; 95% CI 62% to 96%), Hispanics (74%; 95% CI 61% to 90%), and blacks (69%; 95% CI 59% to 80%).We observed ethnic differences in the presence and quantity of coronary calcification that were not explained by coronary risk factors. Identification of the mechanism underlying these differences would further our understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary calcification and its clinical significance. Data on the predictive value of coronary calcium in different ethnic groups are needed.
Fibrinolytic enzyme system
Authors: J. Sophian
Journal: BMJ (1969)

M "JOULMitral valvular inefficiency, manifest as regurgitation in the presence of atrial fibrilla- tion, supports this hypothesis.Clearly, as the atrial filling curve moves to the left with exercise as heart rate increases and diastole shortens, atrial contraction assumes less importance in valve closure.The conclusion must be that at slow and probably at resting heart rates atrial contraction is indispensable to normal (high) mitral valve efficiency.Provision of a contracting atrial chamber would seem to be an essential part of an artificial heart design that utilizes a leaflet valve at the atrioventricular junction and which operates at near normal heart rates.-