tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IDDM and Early Infant Feeding: Sardinian case-control study
Authors: Tullio Meloni, Anna Maria Marinaro, Maria Chiara Mannazzu, Augusto Ogana, Carlo La Vecchia, Eva Negri, Carla Colombo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To further investigate the association between the type of feeding in infancy and the development of IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We have carried out a case-control study in the area of Sassari (northern Sardinia, Italy), which is characterized by an ethnically homogenous population at high risk of IDDM. The study subjects comprised 100 IDDM patients and 100 control subjects, matched for sex and age and selected from children admitted at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Sassari. Diabetic children (53 boys, 47 girls) had been diagnosed between 1983 and 1994, and their age at diagnosis ranged between 1 and 15 years. Information on feeding patterns during the 1st year of life was collected through questionnaires administered to the mothers. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate the duration of complete or partial breast-feeding and the age at which dietary products containing cow's milk were introduced into the diet. RESULTS A larger proportion of the diabetic children rather than the control children had been breast-fed, and the risk of IDDM among children who had not been breast-fed was below unity (odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95% CI 0.19–0.91). No clear difference was observed between diabetic and control subjects in the duration of breast-feeding (medians: 3 and 2 months, respectively), even if, overall, the data suggested a slight increase in the risk of IDDM with longer duration of breast-feeding (OR 1.10; 95% CI 0.99–1.22 per month). Although a larger proportion of control children rather than diabetic children had been given cow's milk–derived formula and solid food before the age of 3 months, there was no time-risk relationship. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not support the existence of a protective effect of breast-feeding on the risk of IDDM, nor do the data indicate that early exposure to cow's milk and dairy products has any influence on the development of IDDM in a high-risk population.
Fatal Toxic Shock Syndrome Associated with<i>Clostridium sordellii</i>after Medical Abortion
Authors: Marc Fischer, Julu Bhatnagar, Jeannette Guarner, Sarah Reagan, Jill K. Hacker, Sharon H. Van Meter, Vadims Poukens, David B. Whiteman, Anthony Iton, Michele Cheung, David E. Dassey, Wun-Ju Shieh, Sherif R. Zaki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Endometritis and toxic shock syndrome associated with Clostridium sordellii have previously been reported after childbirth and, in one case, after medical abortion. We describe four deaths due to endometritis and toxic shock syndrome associated with C. sordellii that occurred within one week after medically induced abortions. Clinical findings included tachycardia, hypotension, edema, hemoconcentration, profound leukocytosis, and absence of fever. These cases indicate the need for physician awareness of this syndrome and for further study of its association with medical abortion.
The role of specialist lung cancer nurses in the UK: a national survey
Authors: L Brown, J McPhelim, G Devereux, K Mohan, M J Walshaw
Journal: Thorax (2009)

<b>Objectives:</b> We present the first known case in the English-language literature of a myxoma arising in the sphenoid sinus. By describing the patient9s clinical course and the salient features of this rare neoplasm, we seek to increase the awareness of the presentation, histological features, and treatment considerations for myxomas of the head and neck. In the process, we intend to describe the work-up of isolated sphenoid sinus lesions and focus on the varying and evolving techniques for surgical access to the sphenoid sinus. <b>Study Design and Methods:</b> Case report and literature review. <b>Results:</b> We describe the clinical course of a patient with a myxoma of the sphenoid sinus. The patient underwent an external sphenoethmoidectomy through a lateral rhinotomy approach with medial maxillectomy under MRI-guidance. He remains without evidence of recurrent disease after 8 months. <b>Conclusions:</b> Myxomas of the head and neck are rare neoplasms. Their infiltrative nature and tendency to recur demand an aggressive surgical approach that may be accomplished with minimal morbidity using currently available image-guided techniques.
Roles for Learning Sciences and Learning Technologies in Biomedical Engineering Education: A Review of Recent Advances
Authors: Thomas R. Harris, John D. Bransford, Sean P. Brophy
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2002)

Education in biomedical engineering offers a number of challenges to all constituents of the educational process-faculty, students, and employers of graduates. Although biomedical engineering educational systems have been under development for 40 years, interest in and the pace of development of these programs has accelerated in recent years. New advances in the learning sciences have provided a framework for the reexamination of instructional paradigms in biomedical engineering. This work shows that learning environments should be learner centered, knowledge centered, assessment centered, and community centered. In addition, learning technologies offer the potential to achieve this environment with efficiency. Biomedical engineering educators are in a position to design and implement new learning systems that can take advantage of advances in learning science, learning technology, and reform in engineering education.
Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor Antibody Titer Predicts Post-Rituximab Outcome of Membranous Nephropathy
Authors: Piero Ruggenenti, Hanna Debiec, Barbara Ruggiero, Antonietta Chianca, Timothee Pellé, Flavio Gaspari, Flavio Suardi, Elena Gagliardini, Silvia Orisio, Ariela Benigni, Pierre Ronco, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Rituximab induces nephrotic syndrome (NS) remission in two-thirds of patients with primary membranous nephropathy (MN), even after other treatments have failed. To assess the relationships among treatment effect, circulating nephritogenic anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2R) autoantibodies and genetic polymorphisms predisposing to antibody production we serially monitored 24-hour proteinuria and antibody titer in patients with primary MN and long-lasting NS consenting to rituximab (375 mg/m2) therapy and genetic analyses. Over a median (range) follow-up of 30.8 (6.0–145.4) months, 84 of 132 rituximab-treated patients achieved complete or partial NS remission (primary end point), and 25 relapsed after remission. Outcomes of patients with or without detectable anti-PLA2R antibodies at baseline were similar. Among the 81 patients with antibodies, lower anti-PLA2R antibody titer at baseline (P=0.001) and full antibody depletion 6 months post-rituximab (hazard ratio [HR], 7.90; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.54 to 24.60; P<0.001) strongly predicted remission. All 25 complete remissions were preceded by complete anti-PLA2R antibody depletion. On average, 50% anti-PLA2R titer reduction preceded equivalent proteinuria reduction by 10 months. Re-emergence of circulating antibodies predicted disease relapse (HR, 6.54; 95% CI, 1.57 to 27.40; P=0.01), whereas initial complete remission protected from the event (HR, 6.63; 95% CI, 2.37 to 18.53; P<0.001). Eighteen patients achieved persistent antibody depletion and complete remission and never relapsed. Outcome was independent of PLA2R1 and HLA-DQA1 polymorphisms and of previous immunosuppressive treatment. Therefore, assessing circulating anti-PLA2R autoantibodies and proteinuria may help in monitoring disease activity and guiding personalized rituximab therapy in nephrotic patients with primary MN.
Differential Regulation of Hypoxia-Induced CXCR4 Triggering during B-Cell Development and Lymphomagenesis
Authors: Erich Piovan, Valeria Tosello, Stefano Indraccolo, Massimo Masiero, Luca Persano, Giovanni Esposito, Rita Zamarchi, Maurilio Ponzoni, Luigi Chieco-Bianchi, Riccardo Dalla-Favera, Alberto Amadori
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a central role in organ-specific homing and tumor spreading and is induced by hypoxia. B lymphocytes are exposed to low oxygen tensions during their development, but the influence of hypoxia on their physiology is poorly understood. Here, we show that hypoxia is associated with up-regulation of CXCR4 expression in human normal and malignant B cells, through both transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms. However, a dichotomic functional response to CXCR4 triggering was observed: both peripheral B cells and lymphomas arising from mature B cells displayed increased responses to CXCR4 triggering under hypoxia, whereas germinal center (GC) B cells as well as GC-derived lymphomas showed CXCR4 receptor desensitization. This phenomenon was associated with differential modulation of key signal-transducing molecules, including mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and regulator of G protein signaling molecule-1. The unresponsiveness of GC-derived lymphomatous B cells to CXCR4 triggering under hypoxia may have implications for the development and pathogenesis of GC-derived lymphoid tumors.
EFFICACY OF CLOTINAB IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TRIAL - ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (ECLAT -STEMI)
Authors: Jung-Sun Kim, Sang Min Park, Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Myeong-Ki Hong, In Whah Sung, Byung Ok Kim, Hyeon-cheol Kwon, Bum Kee Hong, Seung-Jae Tahk, Seong-Wook Park, Myung-Ho Jeong, Chong Jin Kim, Junghan Yoon, Jin Won Kim, Byoung-Kuk Kim, Doo Il Kim, Jong-Sun Park, Sang Gon Lee, Jae Hun Jung, Byoung Eun Park, Myeong Gon Kim, Yangsoo Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
TREATMENT IN BULLOUS DISEASES WITH CORTICOSTEROID DRUGS AND CORTICOTROPHIN.
Authors: C. J. STEVENSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1960)

Journal Article TREATMENT IN BULLOUS DISEASES WITH CORTICOSTEROID DRUGS AND CORTICOTROPHIN. Get access C. J. STEVENSON, M.D., M.R.C.P. C. J. STEVENSON, M.D., M.R.C.P. Senior Registrar, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle St., London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 72, Issue 1, 1 January 1960, Pages 11–21, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1960.tb13809.x Published: 01 January 1960
Expression of Venom Gene Homologs in Diverse Python Tissues Suggests a New Model for the Evolution of Snake Venom
Authors: Jacobo Reyes-Velasco, Daren C Card, Audra L Andrew, Kyle J Shaney, Richard H Adams, Drew R Schield, Nicholas R Casewell, Stephen P Mackessy, Todd A Castoe
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Snake venom gene evolution has been studied intensively over the past several decades, yet most previous studies have lacked the context of complete snake genomes and the full context of gene expression across diverse snake tissues. We took a novel approach to studying snake venom evolution by leveraging the complete genome of the Burmese python, including information from tissue-specific patterns of gene expression. We identified the orthologs of snake venom genes in the python genome, and conducted detailed analysis of gene expression of these venom homologs to identify patterns that differ between snake venom gene families and all other genes. We found that venom gene homologs in the python are expressed in many different tissues outside of oral glands, which illustrates the pitfalls of using transcriptomic data alone to define "venom toxins." We hypothesize that the python may represent an ancestral state prior to major venom development, which is supported by our finding that the expansion of venom gene families is largely restricted to highly venomous caenophidian snakes. Therefore, the python provides insight into biases in which genes were recruited for snake venom systems. Python venom homologs are generally expressed at lower levels, have higher variance among tissues, and are expressed in fewer organs compared with all other python genes. We propose a model for the evolution of snake venoms in which venom genes are recruited preferentially from genes with particular expression profile characteristics, which facilitate a nearly neutral transition toward specialized venom system expression.
Elevated Cancer-Specific Mortality Among HIV-Infected Patients in the United States
Authors: Anna E. Coghill, Meredith S. Shiels, Gita Suneja, Eric A. Engels
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Purpose Despite advances in the treatment of HIV, HIV-infected people remain at increased risk for many cancers, and the number of non–AIDS-defining cancers is increasing with the aging of the HIV-infected population. No prior study has comprehensively evaluated the effect of HIV on cancer-specific mortality. Patients and Methods We identified cases of 14 common cancers occurring from 1996 to 2010 in six US states participating in a linkage of cancer and HIV/AIDS registries. We used Cox regression to examine the association between patient HIV status and death resulting from the presenting cancer (ascertained from death certificates), adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, year of cancer diagnosis, and cancer stage. We included 1,816,461 patients with cancer, 6,459 (0.36%) of whom were HIV infected. Results Cancer-specific mortality was significantly elevated in HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected patients for many cancers: colorectum (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.84), pancreas (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.35 to 2.18), larynx (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.47), lung (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.39), melanoma (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.70), breast (HR, 2.61; 95% CI, 2.06 to 3.31), and prostate (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.41). HIV was not associated with increased cancer-specific mortality for anal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After further adjustment for cancer treatment, HIV remained associated with elevated cancer-specific mortality for common non–AIDS-defining cancers: colorectum (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.80), lung (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.44), melanoma (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.27), and breast (HR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.86 to 3.73). Conclusion HIV-infected patients with cancer experienced higher cancer-specific mortality than HIV-uninfected patients, independent of cancer stage or receipt of cancer treatment. The elevation in cancer-specific mortality among HIV-infected patients may be attributable to unmeasured stage or treatment differences as well as a direct relationship between immunosuppression and tumor progression.
Tight Long-term Dynamic Doxycycline Responsive Nigrostriatal GDNF Using a Single rAAV Vector
Authors: Fredric P Manfredsson, Corinna Burger, Aaron C Rising, Kheir Zuobi-Hasona, Layla F Sullivan, Alfred S Lewin, Julia Huang, Emily Piercefield, Nicholas Muzyczka, Ronald J Mandel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene transfer is being developed as a treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Due to the potential for side effects, external transgene regulation should enhance this strategy's safety profile. Here, we demonstrate dynamic control during long-term expression of GDNF using a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based bicistronic tetracycline (tet)-off construct. Nigrostriatal GDNF overexpression induces body weight alterations in rodents, enabling longitudinal in vivo tracking of GDNF expression after nigral vector delivery. Regulated GDNF expression was highly sensitive to dietary doxycycline (DOX), displaying undetectable striatal GDNF levels at serum DOX levels below those required for antimicrobial activity. However, in the absence of DOX, striatal GDNF levels exceeded levels required for efficacy in PD models. We also demonstrate the absence of a series of known GDNF-associated side effects when using direct intrastriatal vector delivery. Therefore, this single rAAV vector system meets most of the requirements for an experimental reagent for treatment of PD. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene transfer is being developed as a treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Due to the potential for side effects, external transgene regulation should enhance this strategy's safety profile. Here, we demonstrate dynamic control during long-term expression of GDNF using a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based bicistronic tetracycline (tet)-off construct. Nigrostriatal GDNF overexpression induces body weight alterations in rodents, enabling longitudinal in vivo tracking of GDNF expression after nigral vector delivery. Regulated GDNF expression was highly sensitive to dietary doxycycline (DOX), displaying undetectable striatal GDNF levels at serum DOX levels below those required for antimicrobial activity. However, in the absence of DOX, striatal GDNF levels exceeded levels required for efficacy in PD models. We also demonstrate the absence of a series of known GDNF-associated side effects when using direct intrastriatal vector delivery. Therefore, this single rAAV vector system meets most of the requirements for an experimental reagent for treatment of PD.
Acquired Resistance to Crizotinib from a Mutation in <i>CD74</i>–<i>ROS1</i>
Authors: Mark M. Awad, Ryohei Katayama, Michele McTigue, Wei Liu, Ya-Li Deng, Alexei Brooun, Luc Friboulet, Donghui Huang, Matthew D. Falk, Sergei Timofeevski, Keith D. Wilner, Elizabeth L. Lockerman, Tahsin M. Khan, Sidra Mahmood, Justin F. Gainor, Subba R. Digumarthy, James R. Stone, Mari Mino-Kenudson, James G. Christensen, A. John Iafrate, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Alice T. Shaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Crizotinib, an inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), has also recently shown efficacy in the treatment of lung cancers with ROS1 translocations. Resistance to crizotinib developed in a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma harboring a CD74-ROS1 rearrangement who had initially shown a dramatic response to treatment. We performed a biopsy of a resistant tumor and identified an acquired mutation leading to a glycine-to-arginine substitution at codon 2032 in the ROS1 kinase domain. Although this mutation does not lie at the gatekeeper residue, it confers resistance to ROS1 kinase inhibition through steric interference with drug binding. The same resistance mutation was observed at all the metastatic sites that were examined at autopsy, suggesting that this mutation was an early event in the clonal evolution of resistance. (Funded by Pfizer and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00585195.).
Resolution Phase of Inflammation: Novel Endogenous Anti-Inflammatory and Proresolving Lipid Mediators and Pathways
Authors: Charles N. Serhan
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2006)

Resolution of inflammation and the return of tissues to homeostasis are essential. Efforts to identify molecular events governing termination of self-limited inflammation uncovered pathways in resolving exudates that actively generate, from essential omega fatty acids, new families of local-acting mediators. These chemical mediator families, termed resolvins and protectins, are potent stereoselective agonists that control the duration and magnitude of inflammation, joining the lipoxins as signals in resolution. This review examines the mapping of these circuits and recent advances in our understanding of the biosynthesis and actions of these novel proresolving lipid mediators. Aspirin jump-starts resolution by triggering biosynthesis of specific epimers of these mediators. In addition to their origins in inflammation resolution, these compounds also display potent protective roles in neural systems, liver, lung, and eye. Given the potent actions of lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins in models of human disease, deficiencies in resolution pathways may contribute to many diseases and offer exciting new potential for therapeutic control via resolution.
Chemoattractants Induce a Rapid and Transient Upregulation of Monocyte α4 Integrin Affinity for Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Which Mediates Arrest
Authors: Jason R. Chan, Sharon J. Hyduk, Myron I. Cybulsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Chemoattractants and chemokines induce arrest of rolling monocytes during emigration from blood into tissues. In this study, we demonstrated that α4 integrin affinity for vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 was upregulated rapidly and transiently by chemoattractants and stromal cell–derived factor (SDF)-1α and mediated monocyte arrest. α4 integrin affinity changes were detected and blocked using soluble VCAM-1/Fc (sVCAM-1/Fc). In a flow cytometry assay, markedly increased sVCAM-1/Fc binding to human blood monocytes or U937 cells transfected with formyl peptide (FP) receptor was detected 30 s after FP or SDF-1α treatment and declined after 2 min. In a parallel plate flow chamber assay, FP, C5a, platelet-activating factor, or SDF-1α coimmobilized with VCAM-1 induced leukocyte arrest, which was blocked by inclusion of sVCAM-1/Fc but not soluble nonimmune immunoglobulin G in the assay buffer.
Dicer Dependent MicroRNAs Regulate Gene Expression and Functions in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Yajaira Suárez, Carlos Fernández-Hernando, Jordan S. Pober, William C. Sessa
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Dicer is a key enzyme involved in the maturation of microRNAS (miRNAs). miRNAs have been shown to be regulators of gene expression participating in the control of a wide range of physiological pathways. To assess the role of Dicer and consequently the importance of miRNAs in the biology and functions of human endothelial cells (EC) during angiogenesis, we globally reduced miRNAs in ECs by specific silencing Dicer using siRNA and examined the effects on EC phenotypes in vitro. The knockdown of Dicer in ECs altered the expression (mRNA and/or protein) of several key regulators of endothelial biology and angiogenesis, such as TEK/Tie-2, KDR/VEGFR2, Tie-1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and IL-8. Although, Dicer knockdown increased activation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway it reduced proliferation and cord formation of EC in vitro. The miRNA expression profile of EC revealed 25 highly expressed miRNAs in human EC and using miRNA mimicry, miR-222/221 regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein levels after Dicer silencing. Collectively, these results indicate that maintenance and regulation of endogenous miRNA levels via Dicer mediated processing is critical for EC gene expression and functions in vitro.
NICE approves first drug under the early access to medicines scheme
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The first drug to be made available under the UK’s early access to medicines scheme has been approved by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.

Pembrolizumab, used to treat advanced melanoma, was made available in March this year, before it had been given a licence, under a scheme designed to speed drugs to patients if they show a good balance of risk and benefit and if there is an unmet need.1

Its manufacturer, MSD, made it available free of charge, and …
Hypergammaglobulinaemia and IgG subclass deficiency
Authors: Fabrizio Spinozzi, Elisabetta Agea, Roberto Gerli, Christopher Muscat, Onelia Bistoni, Alberto Bertotto, Claude Jeandel, Jean-Louis Gueant, Nadine Petipain, Marie-Christine Laurain, M.D.Pierre Jouanny
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Cumulative Experience of Azimilide-Associated Torsades de Pointes Ventricular Tachycardia in the 19 Clinical Studies Comprising the Azimilide Database
Authors: Craig M. Pratt, Hussein R. Al-Khalidi, Jose M. Brum, Michael J. Holroyde, Peter J. Schwartz, Stephen R. Marcello, Martin Borggrefe, Paul Dorian, A. John Camm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)