tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Sharon R. Silver, Elizabeth A. Whelan, James A. Deddens, N. Kyle Steenland, Nancy B. Hopf, Martha A. Waters, Avima M. Ruder, Mary M. Prince, Lee C. Yong, Misty J. Hein, Elizabeth M. Ward
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Despite the endocrine system activity exhibited by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), recent studies have shown little association between PCB exposure and breast cancer mortality.To further evaluate the relation between PCB exposure and breast cancer risk, we studied incidence, a more sensitive end point than mortality, in an occupational cohort.We followed 5,752 women employed for at least 1 year in one of three capacitor manufacturing facilities, identifying cases from questionnaires, cancer registries, and death certificates through 1998. We collected lifestyle and reproductive information via questionnaire from participants or next of kin and used semiquantitative job-exposure matrices for inhalation and dermal exposures combined. We generated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized rate ratios and used Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate potential confounders and effect modifiers.Overall, the breast cancer SIR was 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.92; n = 257), and regression modeling showed little effect of employment duration or cumulative exposure. However, for the 362 women of questionnaire-identified races other than white, we observed positive, statistically significant associations with employment duration and cumulative exposure; only smoking, birth cohort, and self- or proxy questionnaire completion had statistically significant explanatory power when added to models with exposure metrics.We found no overall elevation in breast cancer risk after occupational exposure to PCBs. However, the exposure-related risk elevations seen among nonwhite workers, although of limited interpretability given the small number of cases, warrant further investigation, because the usual reproductive risk factors accounted for little of the increased risk.
A complication after a previous caesarean section
Authors: N. Barrett, S. R Sheehan, D. J Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 38 year old woman booked for antenatal care in her second pregnancy. Her first baby had been delivered by emergency caesarean section after failed induction of labour. She had an uncomplicated antenatal course and hoped to achieve a vaginal delivery. At 39 weeks’ gestation she presented in spontaneous labour with regular uterine contractions. The fetus was of average size and in a cephalic presentation, with two fifths of the head palpable abdominally. On vaginal examination, the cervix was 5 cm dilated and clear liquor was draining. She was reassessed after two hours and had progressed to 9 cm dilation with the vertex 2 cm above the ischial spines. The cardiotocograph at that time was reassurring. The obstetric registrar was called to review the patient 20 minutes later because of deep late decelerations on the cardiotocograph and fresh vaginal bleeding. On abdominal examination, four fifths of the head was palpable but no scar tenderness was noted. Vaginal examination showed a high presenting part and findings otherwise unchanged from the previous examination. A liveborn female infant weighing 4.1 kg was delivered by emergency caesarean section. Apgar scores were 5 at one minute and 8 at five minutes. The cord blood results were abnormal (pH artery 6.9, base excess −14.6; pH vein 7.0, base excess −12.4). The mother was transferred to the high dependency unit after delivery for 24 hours and made a good recovery. She was discharged on day 6. The baby was discharged on day 12 with arrangements for neurodevelopmental follow-up. ### Short answers
Gastrointestinal Effects of Metoclopramide in Man. In Vitro Experiments with Human Smooth Muscle Preparations
Authors: M. Eisner
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Metoclopramide (N-(diethylaminoethyl)-2-methoxy-4-amino-5-chlorobenzamide) has been investigated with human gastrointestinal smooth-muscle preparations in vitro. Small-intestinal and colonic circular muscle was contracted by metoclopramide. This effect was antagonized by atropine. Gastric and colonic longitudinal muscle was sensitized by metoclopramide to acetylcholine. Atropine acted here as a partial antagonist of metoclopramide. The interference of acetylcholine and metoclopramide is of a hitherto undescribed pharmacological type. The effects of metoclopramide in vivo—where its action is predominantly on the stomach and pylorus—are not fully explained by these in vitro experiments in which the effect was found to be most pronounced on the colon.
CEREBRAL NECROSIS IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE
Authors: John H. Connell
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Since Herrick in 1910 first pointed out the peculiar sickling tendency of red blood cells in the condition now generally (though inaccurately) called sickle cell anemia, various clinical manifestations of the disease have been recognized, and systemic involvement is probably much commoner than is usually realized. Few cases of involvement of the central nervous system have been recorded in the literature, and for this reason I am putting on record the following case of sickle cell disease with neurologic phenomena in which extensive cerebral necrosis due to the sickling tendency of the red blood cells was found at autopsy. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A. J., a Negro woman aged 20, unmarried, entered the Huey P. Long Hospital at Pineville, La., Aug. 28, 1941 and died three days later. The history was not satisfactory. She complained chiefly of headache, right-sided deafness and drowsiness. The headache and deafness had appeared at the same
Allergy multivaccines created by DNA shuffling of tree pollen allergens
Authors: Michael Wallner, Angelika Stöcklinger, Theresa Thalhamer, Barbara Bohle, Lothar Vogel, Peter Briza, Heimo Breiteneder, Stefan Vieths, Arnulf Hartl, Adriano Mari, Christof Ebner, Peter Lackner, Peter Hammerl, Josef Thalhamer, Fatima Ferreira
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Points: Communication from "centres of excellence"
Authors: J Lorber
Journal: BMJ (1986)

ever, urine osmolality depends-not only on secretion of antidiuretic hormone but also on the kidney's ability to respond.If the kidney's concentratmg ability haa been lost the urine will.bedilute irrespective of the level ofantidiuretic hormone, so the finding ofa dilute urne in this situation does not by itself permit any conclusion to be drawn about antidiuretic hormone secretion.Furthermore, if the kidney is insensitive.toantidiuretic hormone urine osmoLality conveys .noinformation on the setting of the osmostat, which can be assessed only by direct assay of antidiuretic hormoneas a function of serum osmolality Totally implantable vascular access for long.term chemotherapy Dr M F-McMULUN (Royal Victoria Hospital,eat BTl2 6BA) writes: Following the comments of MrA E Youngandcolleagues (7 tecember,-p 1608) I would like to draw attention to another advantage of.thePort-a-Cath.In this unit two patients have used the Hickdman -catheter as a means of attempted suicide, Both patients, young men, had Hickman catheters inserted for intensive chemotherapy, and both attempted suicide by-removing large quantities of blood through the catheter.Despite the problems of assessment, psychiarc disorders are.common among patients with cancer, 2 and cancercan increase the risk of suicide.3In both these patiepis the Hickman catheter,,which.the patients mpulated daily tb selves, was an easy means of access tao the circulatin.Perhaps the insertion of.a Port-a-Cath would have ayoided this complication.
Doctors Have Feelings Too
Authors: Michael G. Gorton
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  I found much to praise in the way the article Doctors Have Feelings Too 1 brought to the forefront an issue of vital importance to patientphysician interactions. Toward the end of his article, Dr Zinn discusses the use of the physician's personal emotional reaction to patients for diagnostic purposes. As a pediatrician, I have found these things helpful in my own patient interactions. When dealing with the more negative emotions, however, I find that self-insight is sometimes difficult to grasp.  I am reminded of my best friend, who is an ordained Presbyterian minister and who has told me of the individual psychotherapy that was required of him before his ordination and now as he proceeds toward his goal of a Doctorate in Counseling Sciences. It was obvious to that profession that a person's psychological state, their inner reasons for seeking the position, and the unresolved turmoil in
By-products of a former phenol manufacturing site in a small lake adjacent to a Superfund site in the Aberjona watershed.
Authors: L Y Wick, P M Gschwend
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Benzene, diphenyl sulfone (DPS), para-hydroxybiphenyl (PPP), ortho-hydroxybiphenyl (OPP), higher hydroxybiphenyls, and alkylated benzenes were found in a small lake receiving contaminated groundwater discharge from the Industri-Plex Superfund site (Woburn, MA) in the Aberjona watershed in eastern Massachusetts. All of these chemicals may derive from the former phenol manufacturing activities present at the Industri-Plex site during World War I. Concentrations up to 1660 microgram/l benzene, 450 micro/l DPS, 230 microgram/l PPP, and 100 microgram/l OPP were detected in the hypolimnion. Epilimnetic concentrations of the chemicals were significantly lower (normally < 5 microgram/l). DPS showed a distinct seasonal behavior: It was readily biodegradable during warm periods. No biodegradation was observed in the winter, leaving export to the Aberjona River as the major removal mechanism. Although benzene is known to be toxic and a human carcinogen, our results indicate that DPS, OPP, and PPP are not mutagenic in tests using human MCL-5 and h1A1v2 cell lines.
Civil rights groups call on US to do more to end discrimination in health care
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Human rights advocacy groups in the United States have called for the federal government and state governments to make more concerted efforts to sweep away racial and ethnic disparities in people’s health and in healthcare.

The US Human Rights Network, an umbrella organisation of about 300 groups, emphasised in a submission to a United Nations forum that black Americans have a life expectancy 6-10 years shorter than that of white Americans and face higher rates of morbidity.

More than 880 000 deaths would have been prevented between 1991 and 2000 had the mortality rate of black Americans been the same as that of white people, the network …
THE MANAGEMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS.SANITY: CANDOR: HUMANITY.
Authors: J. H. MUSSER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The best has been said by the best minds of the profession and by many of the best of the laity on this vast subject. It ill becomes one untrained in literary work, with little time for the study, to inflict on the profession further dissertation that can scarce be more than repetition. Your committee, however, thought perhaps it might not be unseemly for one at this timely period to say a few words born of an experience in hospital and home on this subject. They know, oft repeating can alone bring conviction, and have no doubt calculated accurately on the endurance of the profession. Opportunity will be taken, therefore, to consider in general the subject of the management of tuberculosis and to point out some present day dangers, if such suggestive word may be used, in present day tendencies, and then to discuss special features which seem worth while
GlaxoSmithKline licenses production of generic AIDS drugs in South Africa
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline has granted a voluntary licence to a company in South Africa to manufacture and distribute low cost generic versions of three of its AIDS drugs, on the basis of an agreement announced last week.

The agreement allows the pharmaceutical company Aspen Pharmacare, the biggest manufacturer of generic drugs in South Africa, to manufacture three AIDS drugs—zidovudine (Retrovir), lamivudine (Epivir), and a combination of zidovudine and lamivudine (Combivir).

These drugs are currently the …
Opinions About Mental Illness and Political Ideology
Authors: ALEXANDER TOLOR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The author examines the relationship between attitudes toward mental illness and psychiatric patients on the one hand and reactions to the withdrawal of Senator Thomas Eagleton as a candidate for Vice-President on the other. A sample of 384 undergraduate college students was surveyed with the Opinions about Mental Illness (OMI) scale and a specifically devised political ideology scale. The results indicated that OMI factor scores were substantially related to political views.
Effect of beta-aminopropionitrile on the static elastic properties and blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: C L BERRY, S E GREENWALD, N MENAHEM
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

The static elastic properties of the aorta and systolic blood pressure in the caudal artery have been measured in 55 spontaneously hypertensive rats of the AS strain. Animals were divided into five groups and treated from the age of 4 to 12 weeks as follows: (1) 0.25 mm silver clip positioned around the right renal artery; (2) renal artery clipped as group (1) followed by daily injection of β-aminopropionitrile fumarate (β-APN); (3) daily injection of β-APN without clipping; (4) daily injection of 0.09% saline; (5) untreated. Mean systolic blood pressures at 12 weeks of age were Group (1) 21.8; Group (2) 16.2; Group (3) 17.0; Group (4) 18.0; Group (5) 17.5 (units kPa). Thus, administration of β-APN prevents the development of renal hypertension in clipped animals while producing no significant alteration in animals with intact renal arteries, At pressures within the physiological range the functional distensibility of all the treated animals was greater than that of the controls (pressure strain elastic modulus significantly lower). Similar changes were observed in the variation of structural distensibility (incremental elastic modulus) with pressure. At any level of total strain greater than 0.7 the incremental elastic modulus of both groups of animals treated with β-APN was significantly less than control values. These observations are consistent with reports in the literature that administration of β-APN causes a reduction in either the amount of cross-linked or normal scleroprotein in the aorta.
Abstract 5419: Computationally-inspired engineering of supramolecular taxane nanoparticles
Authors: Ashish A. Kulkarni, Poornima Rao, Aaron Goldman, Shiladitya Sengupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Clinical efficacy of long circulating lipid nanoparticles depend on high drug to lipid ratio, stability during circulation and sustained drug release after tumor accumulation. Achieving this is the holy grail of paclitaxel (PTX) lipid nanoparticles due to its incompatible physicochemical properties such as bulkiness, structural asymmetry, hydrophobicity that leads to low drug loading efficiency and tendency to crystallize leading to significant instability. Effective strategy to overcome these limitations could be devised by understanding molecular interactions of PTX with lipid bilayer at spatiotemporal level but these remain poorly understood. Here, using computer simulations, we have investigated the interactions of PTX with the model lipid bilayer at low and high drug contents. We found that PTX at low concentrations occupied the space in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of the bilayer and did not exhibit significant destabilizing effect whereas at high concentrations it exclusively accumulated at the hydrophilic tail region causing significant rifts in the bilayer. In silico dynamic simulations showed that conjugation of PTX to cholesterol using a flexible spacer (Suprataxel, STX) stabilized the lipid bilayer at high concentrations. To confirm the theoretical observations, we engineered supramolecular nanoparticles of STX (STX-NP) and characterized the physicochemical and mechanical stability. In vitro efficacy studies showed that STX-NPs is comparable to PTX in multiple cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that STX-NPs were more efficacious than PTX in inhibiting tumor growth in 4T1 breast cancer and K-RasLSL/+/Ptenfl/fl ovarian cancer models. This study shows that the effective Supramolecular nanoparticles could be engineered by understanding the interactions between the drug and the lipid layer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Ashish A. Kulkarni, Poornima Rao, Aaron Goldman, Shiladitya Sengupta. Computationally-inspired engineering of supramolecular taxane nanoparticles. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5419. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5419
Cerebral Microbleeds and Early Recurrent Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Jae-Sung Lim, Keun-Sik Hong, Gyeong-Moon Kim, Oh Young Bang, Hee-Joon Bae, Hyung-Min Kwon, Jong-Moo Park, Seung-Hoon Lee, Joung-Ho Rha, Jaseong Koo, Kyung-Ho Yu, Woo-Keun Seo, Kyung Bok Lee, Yong-Seok Lee
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> The risk of early recurrent stroke after transient ischemic attack (TIA) may be modifiable by optimal treatment. Although ABCD<sup>2</sup>scores, diffusion-weighted imaging lesions, and large artery stenosis are well known to predict early stroke recurrence, other neuroimaging parameters, such as cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), have not been well explored in patients with TIA. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the rate of early recurrent stroke after TIA and its neuroimaging predictors. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this hospital-based, multicenter prospective cohort study, consecutive patients with TIA were enrolled from 11 university hospitals from July 1, 2010, through December 31, 2012. Patients who were admitted within 24 hours after symptom onset and underwent diffusion-weighted imaging were included. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary end point was recurrent stroke within 90 days. Baseline demographics, clinical manifestations, neuroimaging findings, and use of antithrombotics or statins also were analyzed. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 500 patients (mean age, 64 years; male, 291 [58.2%]; median ABCD<sup>2</sup>score, 4) completed 90-day follow-up with guideline-based management: antiplatelets (457 [91.4%]), anticoagulants (74 [14.8%]), and statins (345 [69.0%]). Recurrent stroke occurred in 25 patients (5.0%). Compared with patients without recurrent stroke, those with recurrent stroke were more likely to have crescendo TIA (20 [4.2%] vs 4 [16.0%],<i>P</i> = .03), white matter hyperintensities (146 [30.7%] vs 13 [52.0%],<i>P</i> = .03), and CMBs (36 [7.6%] vs 7 [28.0%],<i>P</i> = .003). On multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis, CMBs remained as independent predictors for recurrent stroke (hazard ratio, 3.66; 95% CI, 1.47-9.09;<i>P</i>= .005). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Immediate and optimal management seems to modify the risk of recurrent stroke after TIA. Cerebral microbleeds may be novel predictors of stroke recurrence, which needs further validation.
Deregulation of SLIT2-Mediated Cdc42 Activity Is Associated with Esophageal Cancer Metastasis and Poor Prognosis
Authors: Ruo-Chia Tseng, Jia-Ming Chang, Jeng-Hung Chen, Way-Ren Huang, Yen-An Tang, I-Ying Kuo, Jing-Jou Yan, Wu-Wei Lai, Yi-Ching Wang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
A Physiological Approach to Clinical Neurology
Authors: James F. Toole
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Not many authors have used patients and their diseases as the models for the neurophysiology which they wish to teach. Dr. Lance has done this in an admirable way and has produced a volume which is laced with evidence of his understanding of neuroscience and clinical neurology. His approach is clinical and his subject is the patient, not the monkey, cat, or dog. In order to add interest, Dr. Lance traces the evolution of neurophysiologic thinking as he develops the topic under discussion. For illustrations, Dr. Lance draws on the classics such as the statue of Laocoön as well as line drawings of tracts, graphs of muscle activity, and photographs of patients. Like all good neurologists, he considers the mind-brain relationship and takes an occasional wide swing into speculative neurology. For this, one admires rather than faults him because it is evidence of a man who is not tied to
Cardiac Repair in Anatomically Corrected Malposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: JOHN W. KIRKLIN, ALBERT D. PACIFICO, L. M. BARGERON, BENIGNO SOTO
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Anatomically corrected malposition of the great arteries is a congenital cardiac malformation in which the atria and ventricles are in concordant relation, as are the ventricles and great arteries, but the aorta is to the left of the pulmonary artery (1-position). The reported cases and our two patients have had situs solitus of viscera and atria. The aortic and pulmonary circulations are in series. We report successful surgical repair in 2 patients with associated large ventricular septal defects and pulmonary stenosis. In one the defect was posterior and in relation to the pulmonary artery which slightly overrode it. In the other the defect was anterior and the aorta overrode it. The developmental basis of these two examples of the same entity is probably different. An appropriate terminology and categorization that is useful surgically is presented.
377. Developing siRNAs to the E2Fs to Control Vascular Growth and Remodeling
Authors: Paloma H. Giangrande, JianXin Zhang, Juliana Layzer, Otto Hagen, Joseph R. Nevins, Bruce A. Sullenger
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Ischemia represents a major causative condition in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular syndromes, which triggers proliferative and degenerative alterations of the vascular wall leading to the stenosis of arteries supplying blood to vital organs. Surgery is often the final treatment modality to restore blood supply to the ischemic organ via by-passing the site of major stenosis using arterial or venous grafts. Alternatively, percutaneous transluminal catheters can be used to restore blood flow to an organ by reopening the stenosis from the inside of the arterial lumen using the methods of balloon angioplasty alone or in combination with stent implantation. However, the major limitation of these procedures is that they themselves trigger accumulation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells from the tunica media to tunica intima of the vascular wall leading to restenosis or vein-graft failure in a significant percentage of all cases. This pathological process is known as intimal hyperplasia. Limiting intimal hyperplasia in grafted vessels or vessels following angioplasty is a critically important therapeutic target. A number of studies have shown that growth suppression action of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) and other Rb family members is dependent on their ability to regulate the E2F family of transcription factors (E2F1-7). Recently it has been demonstrated that inhibition of the entire family of E2F proteins can reduce intimal hyperplasia. Here we show that inhibition of individual (or subsets of the) E2Fs can enhance or reduce intimal hyperplasia following vessel damage or grafting. Specifically, we show that siRNAs to E2F1 and E2F3 act as specific inhibitors of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, these studies have lead to a better understanding of how distinct E2F activities promote or repress vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation during intimal hyperplasia and have yielded lead siRNAs that establish a therapeutic proof of principal in animals undergoing by-pass surgery or angioplasty. In conclusion, this work has facilitated the development of more potent and more specific inhibitors of this pathological process.