tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abord psychologique du malade cancéreux
Authors: M. Laxenaire, L. Bentz, Ct. Chardot
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

80 patients suffering of different kind of cancers were interviewed in order to study their psychological reactions to their disease. No choice was performed concerning age, sex, type of cancer, variety of therapy or stage of evolution. The following conclusions are proposed: cancer has a very special psychological impact on the patients; its name is rarely mentioned but both patient and doctor refer to it in an atmosphere of deep anxiety. The patient tries to protect himself against this anxiety by the means of various types of neurotic-like processes: pseudo-rationalisation, magical thoughts concerning the origin of the cancer, feeling of guilt, mythomania, shifting of anxiety in the course of time or space, delirious imaginary life and above all blunt denial of the cancer. Doctors must be aware of these reactions for improving their psychological relationships with their patients and help them to face their disease and their death. Many other problems are dealt with in this paper namely: relationships of the patient with the family, the nurses, psychological meaning of the cancer oriented hospitals, the 'truth' which is possible or, not, flight of the doctors in a world of technicity etc.
Unrecognised HIV related deaths.
Authors: A McCormick
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To establish whether follow up of deaths from selected HIV related causes could increase the number of cases of HIV infection reported to the Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC), and to estimate the proportion of deaths among HIV positive men that occurred in men who were not known to be HIV positive at the time of death by the person who signed the death certificate.Follow up of draft death entries received by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys on which one of 11 medical or external causes likely to be related to HIV was stated; letters were sent to the people who signed the certificates. The respondents were invited to report men known to have been HIV positive who were not already on the CDSC register.England and Wales.Men aged 15-54 who died in February 1989 to July 1989 with one of the 11 selected HIV related diseases as cause of death on their death certificates.Number of men reported to the CDSC as a result of this follow up; estimate of excess deaths due to an HIV related cause; estimate of the proportion of excess deaths that occurred in those who were not known to be HIV positive at the time of death.Replies were received for 473 deaths (86%). Forty were for men known to have been HIV positive, 31 of whom had been reported to CDSC by the time they died; six were subsequently reported. The respondent did not know that the decreased was HIV positive for 20 (35%) of the 57 excess deaths in men for whom one of the medical causes was stated and 41 (93%) of the 44 excess deaths in men for whom one of the external causes was stated.Follow up of death registrations is not an efficient way of increasing the number of cases of HIV infection reported to CDSC. Between 35% and 60% of HIV positive people for whom certain causes are stated may be dying without HIV positivity having been diagnosed. There may be implications for those caring for people with these conditions and those who carry out postmortem examinations.
Guide to Good Health
Authors: J. Rothenberg
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Rabbi Moshe Ben Maimon (1135-1204), also known as Maimonides or Rambam, was one of the great men of his or any generation. As a rabbi, philosopher, and doctor he was pre-eminent. Born in Spain and educated in Tunisia, he lived most of his life in Egypt, where he died.

As a doctor, Maimonides’s fame spread far and wide. In Egypt he was chief physician to the royal family. Richard I of England (the Lionheart) requested Maimonides to be his own physician but was refused. He wrote medical treatises on many subjects, his opinions subsequently referred to alongside those of Hippocrates and Galen.

Maimonides’s work day was typically 20 hours long. It began at dawn with morning prayers, after which he …
Possible herpesvirus role in abortion studied
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A viral hypothesis, based on application of an original immunohistochemical technique, may provide the answer to what causes up to 30% of previously unexplainable spontaneous abortions, according to an investigator who presented his findings at the International Academy of Pathology meeting in San Francisco. If this approach—which focuses on herpes simplex virus (HSV)—does indeed shed light on the subject, the cause of only about 10% of miscarriages would still be obscure. It is generally accepted that about 50% of the blighted ova that lead to spontaneous abortion are caused by chromosomal abnormalities and 10% or so are caused by bacterial infection. (About 10% of identified pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion—although the figure may be as high as 40% of all pregnancies.) The investigator who made the San Francisco presentation is James A. Robb, MD, vice-chair, Department of Pathology, Green Hospital of Scripps Clinic, San Diego, and associate adjunct professor of
Sex Ratio Among the Offspring of BRCA Mutation Carriers
Authors: J. Feunteun
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
On the Use of Carbolic Acid in the Treatment of Primary Syphilis
Authors: H. Coote
Journal: BMJ (1868)

ON April 5th, I was asked to see a case of strangulated hernia.The patient was a robust man of middle agc; the hernia was scrotal, of about the size of a hen's egg, and seemingly direct; but it is proper to state that a truss had been worn on account of it for some years.The taxis made no impression on the size of the swelling, which was firm, and gave a dull sound on percussion; and, as symptoms of strangulation had existed for more than twelve hours, and vomiting had now set in, andI
Oral Contraceptives and Thromboembolic Disease
Authors: E. M. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1967)

biliary reflux into the stomach which he has shown in these patients.It is suggested the epsilon amino-caproic acid therapy would be worthy of trial in patients with multiple bleeding gastric erosions.Suitable patients would be selected after gastroscopy or after surgery that is followed by recurrent bleeding.The drug could be administered parenterally, or into the stomach, or both.-I am, etc.,
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists stimulate Na+-H+ antiport activity in the rabbit renal proximal tubule.
Authors: E P Nord, M J Howard, A Hafezi, P Moradeshagi, S Vaystub, P A Insel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The role of adrenergic agents in augmenting proximal tubular salt and water flux, was studied in a preparation of freshly isolated rabbit renal proximal tubular cells in suspension. Norepinephrine (NE, 10(-5) M) increased sodium influx (JNa) 60 +/- 5% above control value. The alpha adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine (10(-5) M), inhibited the NE-induced enhanced JNa by 90 +/- 2%, while the beta adrenergic antagonist, propranolol, had a minimal inhibitory effect (10 +/- 2%). The alpha adrenergic subtype was further defined. Yohimbine (10(-5) M), an alpha2 adrenergic antagonist but not prazosin (10(-5) M), an alpha1 adrenergic antagonist completely blocked the NE induced increase in JNa. Clonidine, a partial alpha2 adrenergic agonist, increased JNa by 58 +/- 2% comparable to that observed with NE (10(-5) M). Yohimbine, but not prazosin, inhibited the clonidine-induced increase in JNa, confirming that alpha2 adrenergic receptors were involved. Additional alpha2 adrenergic agents, notably p-amino clonidine and alpha-methyl-norepinephrine, imparted a similar increase in JNa. The clonidine-induced increase in JNa could be completely blocked by the amiloride analogue, ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA, 10(-5) M). The transport pathway blocked by EIPA was partially inhibited by Li and cis H+, but stimulated by trans H+, consistent with Na+-H+ antiport. Radioligand binding studies using [3H]prazosin (alpha1 adrenergic antagonist) and [3H]rauwolscine (alpha2 adrenergic antagonist) were performed to complement the flux studies. Binding of [3H]prazosin to the cells was negligible. In contrast, [3H]rauwolscine showed saturable binding to a single class of sites, with Bmax 1678 +/- 143 binding sites/cell and KD 5.4 +/- 1.4 nM. In summary, in the isolated rabbit renal proximal tubular cell preparation, alpha2 adrenergic receptors are the predominant expression of alpha adreno-receptors, and in the absence of organic Na+-cotransported solutes, alpha2 adrenergic agonists enhance 22Na influx into the cell by stimulating the brush border membrane Na+-H+ exchange pathway.
Distribution of Inflammatory Cells in Atherosclerotic Plaques Relates to the Direction of Flow
Authors: Maurits T. Dirksen, Allard C. van der Wal, Frank M. van den Berg, Chris M. van der Loos, Anton E. Becker
Journal: Circulation (1998)

The distribution of macrophages and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) within atherosclerotic plaques is highly variable. This is clinically relevant because these cell types have opposite effects on the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. The present study was designed to investigate whether local variations in arterial flow over the plaque surface could relate to differences in the distribution of SMCs and macrophages in plaques.Thirty-three entire carotid plaques were collected at autopsy and marked at their proximal (in relation to the direction of the blood flow) ends, and the cell composition of upstream parts (where high flow and high shear prevail) was compared with that of downstream parts (low flow and low shear stress). Seventy percent of plaques showed more SMCs in their downstream part, and 67% of plaques contained more macrophages in the upstream part. Immunostained macrophage areas were larger in upstream parts (P=0. 011). Immunostained SMC areas were larger in downstream parts (P=0. 031). Rupture sites of 6 of 9 ruptured plaques were in the upstream part.Significant differences in cell composition between upstream and downstream parts of plaques indicate a role for arterial flow in the distribution of different cell types. The low-flow/low-shear downstream areas of plaques contain significantly more SMCs, which could provide the background for slowly progressive growth at distal ends of plaques. The significantly high number of macrophages in the upstream areas suggests a relationship between high flow/high shear and plaque instability.
Evaluation of Hematuria-Reply
Authors: George S. Benson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  We do not routinely use cytological examination of the urinary sediment in the evaluation of patients with hematuria. Patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder and hematuria may have essentially  cystoscopic findings, if essentially negative is defined as the absence of recognizable bladder cancer. We believe that the bladder mucosa in these patients with hematuria is not visually normal, however, and will undergo biopsy by the experienced endoscopist.
THE PROGNOSIS OF ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC NEPHRITIS IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: GEORGE E. PITTINOS
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Various divergent opinions of the prognosis of acute hemorrhagic nephritis in children have been explained on geographic regional variations, variations in the general health of the individual at and after the acute attack, different interpretations of observations, and many other bases. Until the obvious procedure of establishing minimum criteria for a healed kidney is utilized and is used uniformly in all studies, this controversy will continue.  Great variations in the evaluation of the prognosis of nephritis do occur when different investigators apply different standards of normalcy. The criteria used in previous studies fall generally into three groups (a) those which employ physical examinations, blood pressures and routine urinalysis1(table 1), (b) those which include one or more renal function tests2(table 2), and (c) those which include the quantitative examination of concentrated urine (Addis count3) with renal function tests done as a routine or whenever indicated4
Lupus anticoagulant activity of autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies is dependent upon beta 2-glycoprotein I.
Authors: R A Roubey, C W Pratt, J P Buyon, J B Winfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

It has been reported that antiphospholipid autoantibodies do not recognize phospholipid alone, but rather the plasma protein beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI), or a beta 2GPI-phospholipid complex. In vitro beta 2GPI binds to anionic phospholipids and inhibits the prothrombinase activity of procoagulant membranes. In light of the fact that lupus anticoagulants, a type of antiphospholipid antibody, have similar anticoagulant properties, the relationship of beta 2GPI to lupus anticoagulant activity was investigated. IgG from patients with autoimmune diseases or syphilis were tested for anticardiolipin reactivity and lupus anticoagulant activity in the presence and absence of beta 2GPI. As expected, anti-cardiolipin reactivity associated with autoimmune disease was beta 2GPI dependent. In contrast, IgG from a patient with syphilis recognized cardiolipin alone and binding was inhibited by beta 2GPI. Autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies prolonged the dilute Russell viper venom time of normal plasma, but had no effect on beta 2GPI-depleted plasma. Antiphospholipid antibodies associated with syphilis had no anticoagulant effect. RP-1, an anti-beta 2GPI mAb, had anticoagulant effects similar to those of autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies. These data demonstrate that antiphospholipid autoantibodies exert lupus anticoagulant activity via an interaction with beta 2GPI. These antibodies and RP-1 appear to amplify the anticoagulant effect of beta 2GPI itself.
WHO urges continuing vigilance over Japanese nuclear disaster but no new countermeasures
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

No new public health countermeasures are needed as a result of the increase in the rating of the severity of the situation at the Fukushima nuclear power station, a senior World Health Organization official has said, but she cautioned that the situation is constantly evolving and requires vigilance.

Maria Neira, WHO’s chief for health and the environment, told reporters on 13 April that existing measures should continue, including the relocation of certain populations, the intake of potassium iodide pills by certain groups of people, and some restrictions on food.

On 12 April the …
Salmonellosis Originating in a Hospital
Authors: Lawrence J. Kunz, Orjan T. G. Ouchterlony
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE alarming occurrence of salmonellosis acquired by patients during hospitalization should always initiate an epidemiologic survey of personnel and of materials in the dietary department of the hospital. When the origin of an outbreak can be discovered, it is frequently traced to the "carrier state" of a food handler or to an improperly prepared animal food product already notorious for its implication in other out-breaks of food poisoning. Such foods include dry powdered eggs, poultry and meat products.1 An epidemiologic study of recent episodes of salmonellosis in patients under treatment for various disorders in this hospital has uncovered, as a . . .
Landmark article, July 18, 1953: Coronary disease among United States soldiers killed in action in Korea. Preliminary report. By William F. Enos, Robert H. Holmes and James Beyer
Authors: W. F. Enos
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the gross lesions found in the coronary arteries of United States soldiers killed in action in Korea. The histology will be discussed in detail in a subsequent paper as will such pertinent data as race, body build, and personal habits. <h3>MATERIAL</h3> Recently 300 autopsies were performed on United States battle casualties in Korea. Most of these soldiers were killed in action or suffered accidental death in front line areas. The coronary arteries were carefully dissected in all cases. No case in which there was known clinical evidence of coronary disease was included in this series. The average age in 200 cases was 22.1 years. The ages in the first 98 cases were not recorded except that the oldest patient was 33. In the entire series, the youngest recorded age was 18 and the oldest 48. <h3>FINDINGS</h3> In 77.3% of the
A rare but life-threatening complication of self-bougienage: iatrogenic esophageal foreign body
Authors: S.-D. Luo, R.-F. Hsu
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Bougie dilatation is a routine procedure for benign esophageal stricture for patients in whom surgery is not feasible [1]. Repeated bougienage by the patients themselves, “self-dilation,” has been proven safe and effective [2]. The major complication of bougienage is esophageal perforation, although the incidence is only 0.04 %–0.2 % [3].
Think about the care in healthcare
Authors: J. Benger
Journal: BMJ (2014)

You can find the word "healthcare" everywhere.It is often used to describe the broad range of health related services provided to patients in the developed world.On the face of it, the word seems intuitive.We wish the services that we offer to combine both "health" (an improvement in physical, mental, and social wellbeing as a result of specific interventions) and "care" (the provision of support, compassion, and personal assistance).Recent events in the United Kingdom-exemplified by the problems in Mid Staffordshire 1 -suggest that although we may be skilled in providing health interventions, we sometimes fail to provide the care that people need.To examine this further it may be instructive to divide health from care, and consider them as separate entities rather than one unified package.Health is traditionally the domain of doctors, who are accorded high status in society and substantial salaries as a result.Health is a highly valued commodity, enshrined in the National Health Service (interestingly, not the National Healthcare Service), and is of such importance to the public that its budget has been protected by politicians in a time of national austerity. Views & Reviews VIEWS & REVIEWSreview but requires radical changes in system behaviour and approach.Current initiatives to integrate health and social care may go some way to tackle the current imbalance.However, because better care is clearly required, and total budgets are fixed, this may inevitably result in less health and more care.Such a change will be challenging to achieve in terms of organisational culture, professional status, and service provision, but it may well prove to be the right choice for all our futures, come the time when health can no longer be improved, and what we really need is care.
Price of interferon beta is similar in UK and Australia
Authors: J. C Napier
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—I was moved by Dyson's account of coming to terms with his wife's diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the difficulties of obtaining access under the NHS to one of the three beta interferon products licensed for this indication.1 Only 2% of people with multiple sclerosis in the United Kingdom are receiving interferon beta, compared with 12-15% elsewhere in Europe and an even higher proportion in the United States. As I work for …
Corrigendum to “Re: Burcin Tuna, Kutsal Yorukoglu, Mehtat Unlu, M. Ugur Mungan and Ziya Kirkali. Association of Mast Cells with Microvessel Density in Renal Cell Carcinomas. Eur Urol 2006;50:530–34” [Eur Urol 2006;50:620–621]
Authors: Öner Özdemir
Journal: European Urology (2007)
What are the Appropriate Indications for Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Early Gastric Cancer? Analysis of 256 Endoscopically Resected Lesions
Authors: M. Miyata, Y. Yokoyama, N. Okoyama, T. Joh, K. Seno, M. Sasaki, H. Ohara, T. Nomura, K. Kasugai, M. Itoh
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Although endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for early gastric cancer (EGC) without ulceration or scarring has been very popular in Japan and thought to be beneficial, curability by EMR is still lower than that for surgical resection. We investigated patients whose EGCs were resected endoscopically in order to identify the factors affecting curability by EMR.We investigated retrospectively 256 EGC lesions (251 patients) which were subjected to EMR between 1989 and 1998 with respect to patient profile, macroscopic type, location, maximum diameter of tumors, resection method and histological typing. The prognoses of the patients were also investigated as far as possible.The curative total resection rate for EMR of EGC was 74.2 %. Concerning the factors affecting curability, the size of the lesion (over 15 mm), the method of resection (divisional resection), and histological typing (poorly differentiated) had a statistically significant effect on the complete resection rate. Multivariate analysis of the factors confirmed these results. Submucosal invasion was suspected in 16 patients after EMR, but submucosal cancer was found in only one patient after further surgery. Where there was recurrence, the longest recurrence-free period after EMR of EGC was 48 months, whereas the mean recurrence-free period was 195.4 days.The appropriate indication for EMR for EGC is thought to be an intramucosal differentiated-type adenocarcinoma without ulceration or scarring, and no more than 15 mm in size regardless of macroscopic type. Periodic follow-up for at least 5 years is necessary.
The lack of antidotes for new oral anticoagulants
Authors: H. Wallace, M. W. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Warfarin is a bit like great aunt Mabel’s old car—slow, uneconomical, temperamental, and often in need of repair—but still reasonably reliable. A classic motor that starts, stops, and shakes.

Perhaps great aunt Mabel might be better with a new car from the nice garage down the road: the “NOAC (new oral anticoagulant) roadster” is more comfortable, more economical, and has much longer service …
789 THE IMPACT OF A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SUPPORT PROGRAM ON ADHERENCE AND THE EFFICACY OF HEPATITIS C TREATMENT
Authors: M. Garcia-Retortillo, I. Cirera, M.D. Gimenez, C. Marquez, J.A. Galeras, P. Castellvi, R. Navines, E. Salas, F. Bory, R. Martin-Santos, R. Sola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)