tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heparin Increases Exercise-Induced Collateral Blood Flow in Rats With Femoral Artery Ligation
Authors: H. T. Yang, Robert W. Ogilvie, Ronald L. Terjung
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract The potential for heparin to enhance the training-induced increase in collateral-dependent blood flow to the distal hind-limb muscles was evaluated after bilateral femoral artery ligation in adult male rats (≈350 g). Rats received either saline (n=34) or heparin (n=36) injections and were kept sedentary (limited to cage activity) or exercised on a treadmill 5 days per week up a 15% incline by one of two protocols: (1) exercise at a constant moderate speed (20 m/min) for ≈6 wks or (2) exercise at a progressively increased speed for 7 to 8 weeks (started at 20 m/min, increased at 15 minutes to 25 m/min, and then increased at 30 minutes to 30 m/min). Heparin- and saline-treated rats, exercised by the moderate-speed protocol, were run for the same time each day. Collateral-dependent blood flow to the distal limb tissue was determined by using 15-μm 85 Sr-labeled microspheres in an isolated hindquarter preparation perfused in the descending aorta at 100 mm Hg. For comparison with the above groups, sedentary animals with acute femoral artery ligation and without femoral obstruction were included. Exercise tolerance increased from ≈7 minutes initially to 30 to 40 minutes per bout; tolerance was greater in the heparin-injected rats than in the saline-injected rats ( P &lt;.05). Muscle performance of the gastrocnemius-plantaris-soleus muscle group (GPS) during isometric contractions in situ improved with training, was further increased by heparin administration ( P &lt;.001), and generally scaled with recovery of blood flow. Collateral-dependent blood flow in the GPS of the heparin-injected exercised groups (40±4 and 56±3 mL/min per 100 g) was greater than that in the saline-injected exercised groups (19±3 and 30±5 mL/min per 100 g), and blood flow in both of these groups was greater than that in the sedentary groups (14±4 and 12±2 mL/min per 100 g) ( P &lt;.005). Heparin injections did not alter collateral-dependent blood flow in the absence of exercise training. Thus, exercise appears to impart an essential stimulus for collateral vessel development that is enhanced by heparin administration.
Effect of Coronary Stenosis on Adjacent Bed Flow Reserve
Authors: John J. Pacella, Flordeliza S. Villanueva
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— During coronary stenosis, flow reserve in the adjacent nonstenotic bed decreases, but the microvascular mechanisms are unknown. Because myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) assesses microvascular physiology, we used it to relate flow reserve to intramyocardial blood volume in the adjacent bed. Methods and Results— A noncritical left anterior descending (LAD) stenosis was created in 10 dogs. MCE was performed and myocardial blood flow was measured with neutron-activated microspheres and flow probes. Data were collected at baseline, hyperemia, and hyperemia and stenosis. Hyperemia was induced with an A 2A receptor agonist. MCE acoustic intensity in the LAD and left circumflex (LCx) regions were fit to the following: y=A(1-e −βt ), where A, β, and A×β reflect intramyocardial blood volume, red cell velocity, and flow, respectively. During hyperemia alone, LCx probe and microsphere flows and MCE-derived red cell velocity increased from baseline (30±14 versus 125±62 mL/min, P &lt;0.0005; 1.5±0.5 versus 6.6±2.0 mL · min −1 · g −1 , P &lt;0.0005; and 0.53±0.14 versus 0.96±0.45 second −1 , P =0.030, respectively); intramyocardial blood volume was unchanged. LAD stenosis during hyperemia decreased LCx probe flow (125±62 versus 110±57 mL/min; P &lt;0.05), microsphere flow (6.6±2.0 versus 4.2±2.1 mL · min −1 · g −1 ; P &lt;0.0005), and MCE-derived flow (0.57±0.29 versus 0.45±0.33 second −1 ; P =0.032). LCx bed intramyocardial blood volume concurrently increased (0.61±0.14 versus 0.70±0.15; P &lt;0.01). Conclusions— Coronary stenosis impairs flow reserve in the adjacent nonstenotic bed, in which intramyocardial blood volume increases. MCE suggests compensatory recruitment of microvascular anastomotic collateral networks that augment stenotic bed flow reserve, but at the expense of the adjacent bed. Adjacent bed collateral microcirculation thus participates in the regulation of collateral flow and appears functionally significant during coronary stenosis.
Infant and Maternal Outcomes in the Pregnancies of Asthmatic Women
Authors: KITAW DEMISSIE, MARY B. BRECKENRIDGE, GEORGE G. RHOADS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We examined the relationship between infant and maternal outcomes and asthma complicating pregnancy, using historical cohort analysis of singleton live deliveries in New Jersey hospitals between 1989 and 1992 (n = 447,963). Subject mother-infant dyads were identified from linked birth certificate and maternal and newborn hospital claims data. Women with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis code (493) for asthma (n = 2,289) were compared with a fourfold larger randomly selected control sample (n = 9,156) from the remaining pool of women. After controlling for the effects of important confounding variables, maternal asthma was associated with the following adverse infant outcomes: preterm infant (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 1.55), low birth weight (OR = 1. 32; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.58), small-for-gestational age (OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.45), congenital anomalies (OR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.68), and increased infant hospital length of stay (OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.65). The adverse maternal outcomes associated with maternal asthma were: pre-eclampsia (OR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.68 to 2. 83), placenta previa (OR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.79), cesarean delivery (OR = 1.62; 95% CI, 1.46 to 1.80), and increased maternal hospital length of stay (OR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.60 to 2.15). The results emphasize the need for maternal asthma to be added to the list of conditions that increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Use of Zidovudine and Interferon Alfa With Chemotherapy Improves Survival in Both Acute and Lymphoma Subtypes of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
Authors: Andrew Hodson, Siobhan Crichton, Silvia Montoto, Naheed Mir, Estella Matutes, Kate Cwynarski, Thurai Kumaran, Kirit M. Ardeshna, Antonio Pagliuca, Graham P. Taylor, Paul A. Fields
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a mature (post-thymic) T-cell lymphoma associated with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection. Survival in aggressive subtypes remains poor, and treatment resistance is frequent. Use of zidovudine (ZDV) and interferon alfa (IFN-α) has been associated with improved response rates in small studies and prolonged overall survival in leukemic ATLL subtypes in a recent meta-analysis.We report the clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment, and outcome of 73 patients with aggressive ATLL (acute ATLL, 29; lymphoma ATLL, 44) diagnosed and treated in England between 1999 and 2009. The impact of ZDV/IFN-α on treatment response and survival was assessed.The overall response rate ranged from 49% with chemotherapy alone to 81% with combined first-line therapy (chemotherapy with concurrent/sequential ZDV/IFN-α). Median overall survival (OS) was 9 months: 7.5 months for acute ATLL and 10 months for lymphoma ATLL. Use of ZDV/IFN-α at any time prolonged survival in acute (P < .001) and lymphoma ATLL (P < .001) and was the sole factor associated with reduction in risk of death in aggressive ATLL (hazard ratio, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.60; P = .002). Combined first-line therapy prolonged median OS in acute (P = .0081) and lymphoma ATLL (P = .001) compared with chemotherapy alone.These data support the use of low-dose ZDV/IFN-α with chemotherapy in first-line treatment of acute and lymphoma ATLL.
Suicide Among Patients With Cardiorespiratory Illnesses
Authors: Norman L. Farberow
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Intensive examination of cases of patients with respiratory and cardiac disease who committed suicide while in Veterans Administration General Medical and Surgical Hospitals, and of control cases matched in diagnosis, severity of illness, age, religion, and other factors, revealed a number of personality and behavior items which significantly differentiated between them. In general, the suicides seemed more emotionally disturbed, had poorer relationships with hospital staff and family, and were seen as "problem" patients because of their provoking, complaining, and demanding behavior. One major pattern of behavior emerged which was tentatively named the "dependent-dissatisfied" pattern. A number of suggestions are offered for prevention.
Catecholamine up-regulates MMP-7 expression by activating AP-1 and STAT3 in gastric cancer
Authors: Ming Shi, Dan Liu, Huijun Duan, Caili Han, Bo Wei, Lu Qian, Changguo Chen, Liang Guo, Meiru Hu, Ming Yu, Lun Song, Beifen Shen, Ning Guo
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background Stress, anxiety and depression can cause complex physiological and neuroendocrine changes, resulting in increased level of stress related hormone catecholamine, which may constitute a primary mechanism by which physiological factors impact gene expression in tumors. In the present study, we investigated the effects of catecholamine stimulation on MMP-7 expression in gastric cancer cells and elucidated the molecular mechanisms of the up-regulation of MMP-7 level by catecholamine through an adrenergic signaling pathway. Results Increased MMP-7 expression was identified at both mRNA and protein levels in the gastric cancer cells in response to isoproterenol stimulation. β2-AR antigonist effectively abrogated isoproterenol-induced MMP-7 expression. The activation of STAT3 and AP-1 was prominently induced by isoproterenol stimulation and AP-1 displayed a greater efficacy than STAT3 in isoproterenol-induced MMP-7 expression. Mutagenesis of three STAT3 binding sites in MMP-7 promoter failed to repress the transactivation of MMP-7 promoter and silencing STAT3 expression was not effective in preventing isoproterenol-induced MMP-7 expression. However, isoproterenol-induced MMP-7 promoter activities were completely disappeared when the AP-1 site was mutated. STAT3 and c-Jun could physically interact and bind to the AP-1 site, implicating that the interplay of both transcriptional factors on the AP-1 site is responsible for isoproterenol-stimulated MMP-7 expression in gastric cancer cells. The expression of MMP-7 in gastric cancer tissues was found to be at the site where β2-AR was overexpressed and the levels of MMP-7 and β2-AR were the highest in the metastatic locus of gastric cancer. Conclusions Up-regulation of MMP-7 expression through β2-AR-mediated signaling pathway is involved in invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.
PNEUMOTHORAX AND POSTURE
Authors: Charles A. Elsberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1909)

THE LAST MENTIONED FACT MAY PERHAPS FIND ITS EXPLANATION IN THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS: the two pleural cavities are separated by the layers of the anterior and posterior mediastinal septa. Between the two lies the heart. In the dog, the posterior seems to be somewhat tougher than the anterior septum, and somewhat more fixed and tense. With violent respiratory movements, it is the anterior septum which more especially flaps to and fro and bulges when an opening in the pleura has been made, and it is the anterior septum which is so apt to rupture and thus cause double pneumothorax and the death of the animal. When the dog is on its back, the heart falls backward and the bulging of the anterior mediastinal septum is made more easy. It is different when the animal is on its belly. The heart falls toward the anterior chest wall and thus supports the anterior septum: hence the flapping of the septum, the interference with the respiration of the lung on the sound side, the bulging on expiration on the open side, can not so readily occur. The danger of the open pneumothorax is greatly lessened when the animal is in the prone position. In the supine position the danger of the pneumothorax is due to the falling back of the heart and thus facilitating the rupture of the fragile anterior mediastinal septum; the danger is therefore obviated by fixing the pericardium to the anterior wall of the thorax.
Transformed mycosis fungoides: clinicopathological features and outcome
Authors: E. Barberio, L. Thomas, F. Skowron, B. Balme, S. Dalle
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Transformation of mycosis fungoides (T‐MF) occurs in 8–55% of MF patients. Its early histopathological diagnosis is of tremendous importance to better define the management and to establish the prognosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that advanced‐stage MF at diagnosis of transformation is the predominant risk factor of poor outcome. The 5‐year survival rates for stage IIB and IV MF are 26·9% and 10·6%, respectively. The prognostic value of the immunophenotypic characterization of the infiltrate has not been thoroughly studied in the literature. Objectives To retrieve clinical, histological and immunophenotypic features of T‐MF in our patient population and analyse their prognostic value. Patients and methods A register‐based retrospective study was performed including all patients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) registered in our two departments from January 2000 to December 2005. Among 208 patients with CTCL, 17 patients with proven transformation of their MF were studied. Clinical features and staging as well as immunophenotypic and pathological findings at the time of the initial diagnosis of MF and of the diagnosis of T‐MF were analysed. Results Our results, in accordance with previously published material, indicate that the main clinical prognostic factor in T‐MF is the stage of the initial disease at the time of the transformation. Patients with stage IIB–IV MF have a poor prognosis. In our study, strong expression of CD30 is linked to a better prognosis. Conclusions We believe that pathological and immunopathological documentation of progressive MF is important in order to identify T‐MF early; however, the differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult. Aside from already acknowledged prognostic factors such as older age, advanced initial disease and short delay to transformation, the CD30 immunophenotype could be regarded as a useful additional prognostic marker in T‐MF.
Cognitive and Adaptive Outcome in Low-Grade Pediatric Cerebellar Astrocytomas: Evidence of Diminished Cognitive and Adaptive Functioning in National Collaborative Research Studies (CCG 9891/POG 9130)
Authors: Dean W. Beebe, M. Douglas Ris, F. Daniel Armstrong, John Fontanesi, Raymond Mulhern, Emi Holmes, Jeffrey H. Wisoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Clinicians often assume that children with posterior fossa tumors are at minimal risk for cognitive or adaptive deficits if they do not undergo cranial irradiation. However, small case series have called that assumption into question, and have also suggested that nonirradiated cerebellar tumors can cause location-specific cognitive and adaptive impairment. This study (1) assessed whether resected but not irradiated pediatric cerebellar tumors are associated with cognitive and adaptive functioning deficits, and (2) examined the effect of tumor location and medical complications on cognitive and adaptive functioning.The sample was composed of 103 children aged 3 to 18 years with low-grade cerebellar astrocytomas, who underwent only surgical treatment as part of Children's Cancer Group protocol 9891 or Pediatric Oncology Group protocol 9130. The sample was divided into three groups based on primary tumor location: vermis, left hemisphere, or right hemisphere. Data were collected prospectively on intelligence, academic achievement, adaptive skills, behavioral functioning, and pre-, peri-, and postsurgical medical complications.The sample as a whole displayed an elevated risk for cognitive and adaptive impairment that was not associated consistently with medical complications. Within this group of children with cerebellar tumors, tumor location had little effect on cognitive, adaptive, or medical outcome.We did not replicate previous findings of location-specific effects on cognitive or adaptive outcome. However, the elevated risk of deficits in this population runs contrary to clinical lore, and suggests that clinicians should attend to the functional outcomes of children who undergo only surgical treatment for cerebellar tumors.
Respiratory disease in tea workers in Sri Lanka.
Authors: C G Uragoda
Journal: Thorax (1980)

<h3>Background and importance</h3> The COVID-19 pandemic is a current international public health issue. Multiple cases have been resurging in our country after flattering of the curve, indicating a second wave. Up to 13 October, our country recorded 34 790 cases and 512 deaths. Our hospital has been admitting COVID-19 patients. Thus the follow-up of their treatment was implemented in our pharmacy. <h3>Aim and objectives</h3> Our aim was to evaluate the treatment of COVID-19 inpatients during the second wave. <h3>Material and methods</h3> This was a prospective study carried out at our hospital over a 3 week period from 23 September to 14 October. Only patients with a positive RT-PCR were included. A follow-up document was established according to the latest guidelines of the National Agency for Health Assessment and Accreditation. The electronic prescription and biological reports were used as a database. Data were processed with SPSS. <h3>Results</h3> 78 patients were included with a sex ratio of 0.7 and a median age of 62 years (25; 91). Patients were mainly hospitalised in the emergency department (24.4%), internal medicine department (24.4%) and intensive care unit (20.5%). 25% of patients had a severe form. We noted 22 deaths and 25 patients were discharged with a mean of 6 days of hospitalisation. The pharmacological treatment included anticoagulants (85.9%), mainly enoxaparin, antibiotics other than azithromycin (80.8%), mainly amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and cefotaxime, azithromycin (82.1%), corticosteroids (53.8%) and symptomatic treatment (82.1%), mainly paracetamol. None of the patients took vitamins or zinc supplements and only 23.1% received their comorbidity treatment from our pharmacy. Intake of antibiotics, anticoagulants, azithromycin and corticosteroids, separately and in association, had no statistically significant effect on the mortality rate (p&gt;0.05). However, antibiotic and azithromycin intake had a significant effect on the length of hospitalisation for discharged patients (p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusion and relevance</h3> Hospital pharmacists are on the frontline of all the medical staff facing the pandemic. Our study aimed to improve the pharmaceutical care of inpatients during the second wave. Our main results indicated that antibiotic and azithromycin intake can be a factor to minimise the duration of hospitalisation which has a pharmacoeconomic benefit and assures optimal hospital bed occupancy needed for the management of the outbreak. However, extended studies should be conducted. <h3>References and/or acknowledgements</h3> None. <h3>Conflict of interest</h3> No conflict of interest
Primary hepatic lymphoma mimicking acute hepatitis
Authors: Jeong-Ah Lee, Woo Kyoung Jeong, Ji Hye Min, Jinoo Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2013)

SUMMARY Primary hepatic lymphoma is a rare manifestation of lymphoma. Clinical diagnosis of the disease could be delayed and complicated since it may mimic acute hepatitis. The radiologic findings of pri-mary hepatic lymphoma may be similar to those of acute paren-chymal liver disease although aggressive progression of the dis-ease is usually observed on follow-up imaging. Therefore, primary hepatic lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute hepatopathy that demonstrates a severe and aggressive course. Liver biopsy should be considered to confirm its diagnosis. Conflicts of Interest The authors have no conflicts to disclose. REFERENCES 1. Santos ES, Raez LE, Salvatierra J, Morgensztern D, Shanmugan N, Neff GW. Primary hepatic non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: case report and review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:2789-2793.2. Jaffe ES. The 2008 WHO classification of lymphomas: implications for clinical practice and translational research. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2009:523-531.3. Castroagudin JF, Gonzalez-Quintela A, Fraga M, Forteza J, Barrio E. Presentation of T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma mimicking acute hepati-tis. Hepatogastroenterology 1999;46:1710-1713.4. Harris AC, Kornstein MJ. Malignant lymphoma imitating hepatitis. Cancer 1993;71:2639-2646.5. Kang KM, Chung WC, Lee KM, Hur SE, Nah JM, Kim GH, et al. A case of primary hepatic lymphoma mimicking hepatitis. Korean J Hepatol 2005;11:284-288.6. Tchelepi H, Ralls PW, Radin R, Grant E. Sonography of diffuse liver disease. J Ultrasound Med 2002;21:1023-1032; quiz 1033-1034.7. Suk KT, Kim CH, Baik SK, Kim MY, Park DH, Kim KH, et al. Gallblad-der wall thickening in patients with acute hepatitis. J Clin Ultra-sound 2009;37:144-148
Stretch-activated currents in ventricular myocytes: amplitude and arrhythmogenic effects increase with hypertrophy
Authors: A Kamkin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Background: Mechanical dilation of the human ventricle is known to induce arrhythmias, the underlying ionic mechanisms, however, remain to be clarified. Methods: Ventricular myocytes isolated from human, guinea-pig or rat hearts were stretched between the patch electrode and a glass stylus. Results: Local stretch prolonged the action potential, depolarized the resting membrane and caused extra systoles. Under voltage-clamp conditions, stretch activated several ionic current components. The most prominent current was a stretch activated current (ISAC) through non-selective cation channels. ISAC followed a linear voltage-dependence, reversed polarity close to 0 mV and was suppressed by 5 μM Gd3+. During stretch, ISAC became steady within 200 ms. ISAC did not inactivate and it completely disappeared upon relaxation. Stretch-sensitivity was evaluated from the slope of ISAC versus amplitude of stretch. Stretch sensitivity was 75 pA/μm in myocytes from young (3 month), 143 pA/μm in myocytes from old (15 months), and 306 pA/μm in hypertrophied myocytes from old (15 months) spontaneously hypertensive animals. Stretch sensitivity was 262 pA/μm in hypertrophied myocytes from human failing hearts, and it was 143 pA/μm in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Conclusions: Local stretch of adult single ventricular myocytes can induce arrhythmias that resemble surface-recordings from whole hearts. Stretch modulates multiple current components, ISAC being the current with the largest arrhythmogenic potential. Stretch-sensitivity of ISAC is higher in hypertrophied than in control myocytes as can be expected from the observation that hypertrophy and failure increase the risk of stretch-induced arrhythmias.
Transformation of mycosis fungoides: clinicopathological and prognostic features of 45 cases
Authors: B Vergier, A de Muret, M Beylot-Barry, L Vaillant, D Ekouevi, G Chene, A Carlotti, N Franck, P Dechelotte, P Souteyrand, P Courville, P Joly, M Delaunay, M Bagot, F Grange, S Fraitag, J Bosq, T Petrella, A Durlach, A De Mascarel, J P Merlio, J Wechsler
Journal: Blood (2000)