tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical Action of Fulvestrant in Estradiol-Induced Regression of Tamoxifen-Stimulated Breast Cancer
Authors: C. Osipo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003)

Background: Long-term tamoxifen treatment of breast cancer can result in tamoxifen-stimulated breast cancer, in which estrogen inhibits tumor growth after tamoxifen withdrawal. We investigated the molecular mechanism(s) of estradiol-induced tumor regression by using an in vivo model of tamoxifen-stimulated human breast cancer. Methods: Growth of parental estradiol-stimulated MCF-7E2 and long-term tamoxifen-stimulated MCF-7TAMLT xenografts in athymic mice was measured during treatment with vehicle, estradiol, estradiol plus tamoxifen, tamoxifen alone, estradiol plus fulvestrant, or fulvestrant alone. Apoptosis was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Protein expression was assessed by western blot analysis. mRNA expression was assessed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: MCF-7E2 tumor growth was stimulated by estradiol (cross-sectional area at week 13 = 1.06 cm2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82 to 1.30 cm2; P<.001) compared with control (0.06 cm2, 95%CI = -0.02 to 0.14 cm2), but tumor growth was inhibited by tamoxifen or fulvestrant. MCF-7TAMLT tumor growth was stimulated by tamoxifen) cross-sectional area at week 10 = 0.60 cm2, 95% CI = 0.50 to 0.70 cm2; P<.001) compared with control (0.02 cm2, 95% CI = 0.00 to 0.04 cm2). For MCF-7TAMLT tumors that were initially 0.35 cm2, estradiol-induced regression to 0.18 cm2 (95% CI = 0.15 to 0.21 cm2; P<.001), and tamoxifen or estradiol plus fulvestrant enhanced tumor growth to 1.00 cm2 (95% CI = 0.88 to 1.22 cm2). Estradiol increased the number of apoptotic cells in tumors by 23% (95% CI = 20% to 26%; P<.001) compared with all other treatments, decreased estrogen receptor α(ERα) protein expression, increased the expression of Fas mRNA and protein, decreased the expression of HER2/neu mRNA and protein and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) protein but did not affect Fas ligand protein expression compared with control. Paradoxically, fulvestrant reversed this effect and stimulated MCF-7TAMLT tumor growth apparently through ERα-mediated regulation of Fas, HER2/neu, and NF-κB. Conclusion: Physiologic levels of estradiol induced regression of tamoxifen-stimulated breast cancer tumors, apparently by inducing the death receptor Fas and suppressing the antiapoptotic/prosurvival factors NF-κB and HER2/neu.
Recurrent Secretion of Progesterone in Large Amounts: An Endocrine/Metabolic Disorder Unique to Young Women?*
Authors: PAUL C. MACDONALD, RAYMOND A. DOMBROSKI, M. LINETTE CASEY
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1991)

THE purpose of this review is to examine four separate but related issues that we believe are important for an overall understanding of progesterone secretion, metabolism, and action. These four propositions are as follows: 1) Recurrent ovulation and progesterone secretion/withdrawal (and thence menstruation) for long times may not be the biological evolutionary norm for young women. 2) The recurrent secretion/withdrawal of progesterone is unique to young women (during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle and during pregnancy). At these times, the rate of progesterone secretion is greater than that of any other steroid hormone in women or men. 3) Progesterone and metabolites thereof may act by way of progesterone receptor-independent mechanisms to effect physiological and possibly pathophysiological processes; and, progesterone receptor-mediated actions not yet defined may also affect the well-being of women. 4) Bioactive metabolites of progesterone (in nonconjugated form) that are produced in extrahepatic tissues may be available to cellular sites of action.
A 36-Year-Old Woman Recuperating From a Stroke
Authors: Michael Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1997)

DR Delbanco: Mrs X is a 36-year-old left-handed woman recuperating from left hemiparesis that occurred in late December 1996. Married and the mother of 4 children, Mrs X has a large, caring extended family. Prior to the stroke, she worked in a warehouse in a job requiring physical labor. She is enrolled in a commercial managed care program. At the time of her stroke, she did not have a primary physician.  Prior to her stroke, the patient had been in good health. She has never smoked and had 4 uneventful pregnancies and deliveries. There was no prior history of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, rheumatic fever, or known rheumatic heart disease. There was no family history of vascular disease or stroke.  The week before the stroke, Mrs X had symptoms of a mild upper respiratory tract infection. While shopping, she suddenly slumped to the ground, unable to move her left side. At a
TCTAP A-171 Sirolimus Eluting Stent Shows Better Patency with Reduced ISR Development for a Period of 3.4 yrs in Bangladeshi Stent Era: Our Experiences in Apollo Hospitals Dhaka
Authors: A.H.M. Waliul Islam, Shams Munwar, Shahabuddin Talukder, A.Q.M. Reza, Tamzeed Ahmed, Rowsan Masud, Md. Shamsul Alam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 1658: Post-GWAS genetic and functional studies for bladder cancer: An uncommon protective synonymous coding variant within the UGT1A6 gene explains the GWAS signal and affects cellular detoxification
Authors: Wei Tang, Yi-Ping Fu, Jonine D. Figueroa, Nuria Malats, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Manolis Kogevinas, Stephen J. Chanock, Debra T. Silverman, Nathaniel Rothman, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of bladder cancer identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs11892031, within the UGT1A gene cluster on chromosome 2q37.1, as a novel risk factor. UGT1A locus encodes nine UGT proteins that belong to phase II cellular detoxification system. UGTs are functionally important for detoxification of aromatic amines, which are known risk factors for bladder cancer found in industrial chemicals and tobacco smoke. UGTs are composed of shared exons 2-5 and individual alternative first exons that define enzymatic activity and substrate specificity. Materials and results: We sequenced all nine highly similar alternative first exons of UGT genes in more than 2,000 individuals and identified 27 non-synonymous and 19 synonymous known coding variants, but no novel variants. Imputation based on the GWAS dataset, a combined reference panel of HapMap 3 and 1000 Genomes Projects, and a subset of GWAS samples genotyped for all the identified coding variants, generated data for 1,170 SNPs within the whole UGT region. Of these markers, the strongest association was detected for an uncommon (MAF&amp;lt;0.03) protective genetic variant rs17863783 (OR=0.55, 95%CI=0.44-0.69, p=3.3x10-7 in 4,035 cases and 5, 284 controls; D’=0.96, r2=0.23 with rs11892031). No residual association in this region was detected after adjustment for rs17863783. Rs17863783 is a synonymous coding variant Val209Val within the functional UGT1A6.1 splicing form, strongly expressed in the liver, kidney and bladder. We found the protective T allele of rs17863783 to be associated with increased mRNA expression of UGT1A6.1 in in-vitro exontrap assays and in human liver tissue samples. We suggest rs17863783 may protect from bladder cancer by increasing the removal of carcinogens from bladder epithelium by the UGT1A6.1 protein. Conclusions: Our study shows an example of genetic and functional role of an uncommon protective genetic variant in a complex human disease such as bladder cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1658. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1658
Radionuclide Angiography in the Diagnosis of Traumatic Middle Meningeal Artery to Meningeal Vein Fistula
Authors: DONOVAN B REINKE, REX B. SHAFER, JOHN M. WOLFF, E JAMES TOURJE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

The value of radionuclide angiography in the diagnosis of traumatic AV fistula of the brain is illustrated by this example of a middle meningeal artery to meningeal vein fistula. Other reported cases of traumatic arteriovenous fistulas of the brain demonstrated by a radionuclide angiography are summarized and the pathophysiology of extradural bleeding presenting as a traumatic AV fistula is discussed.
Letter: Clonidine in treatment of dysmenorrhea.
Authors: L K Levens
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A concentration of 15 pig/ml was arbitrarily taken as a level read.lyobtainable in h blood wiLh bo.h antibiotics.Th-19 strains resistant to penicillin and tetracycline only were resis:ant to tetracycline in con- centrations above 20 Ag/lml.This resis ance pattern occurs quite frequently in strains of S. aph.aureus isolated both from hospital patients and from the general comnnunity.It would appear therefore that any micro- biological advantage which minocycline may exert over other tetracyclines is due to its sup rior activity against strains of Staph.aureus which are resistant to tetracycline.' -I am, etc.,
Axillary hyperhidrosis, 20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate, and surgery.
Authors: C R Rayner, I D Ritchie, G P Stark
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Diabetic control was very difficult.Avoiding confrontation by giving the patient responsibility for both her eating and managing her diabetes merely resulted in further weight loss.After seven months she discharged herself weighing 46 kg.Four months later her pattern of eating remained disturbed.She was not testing her urine but her weight had increased to 49 kg.(2) This patient developed diabetes when aged 13 years.Her management was complicated by a fear of injections and occasional dietary indiscretions.At 16 she started to diet and over six months her weight fell by 14 kg to 38-2 kg (standard weight 50 3 kg).She reduced her insulin from 92 to 16 units/day in order to accommodate to the low carbohydrate intake.Menstruation ceased.She talked of feelings of intense guilt whenever she had glyco- suria.On admission to a psychiatric hospital her weight was 39 4 kg.This increased steadily with a behavioural management programme.After 12 weeks her weight was 48-5 kg.Now, one year after discharge, her weight remains satisfactory, but she is still preoccupied with food and eating and remains amenorrhoeic.(3) This patient developed diabetes when aged 17 years.She found the dietary restrictions difficult to accept but her managementwas straightforward.At 23 she narrowly escaped serious injury in a road traffic accident.After this and a broken engagement she began to have difficulty swallowing.Soon she took only fluids, her weight fell from 62 kg to 46 kg (standard weight 64 kg), and she ceased menstruating.Physical investigations were unremark- able and diabetic control remained satisfactory.Reluctantly she accepted admission to a psychiatric hospital.Her difficulty in swallowing rapidly resolved and her weight increased over two months to 49-9 kg.Since discharge her weight has increased and diabetic control remains satisfactory.3 Stillians AW.The control of localized hyperhidrosis.
Two Hearts Beat as One
Authors: David C. Hartman, Arthur H. Crisp, Lisa McClelland
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Background: Anorexia nervosa is construed as a phobic avoidance response to the existential strains of adolescent growth and maturation. These strains can take many forms but have the common basis of having been prompted, sooner or later, by the impact of puberty. It is the reversal of this pubertal process, through reduced energy (dietary) intake, that embodies the avoidance mechanism in the disorder. The present report claims to illustrate an unusual variant of such psychopathology and presents supporting evidence in the form of treatment response. Method: Concurrent anorexia nervosa and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in non-identical twins is described. Literature concerning the problems of identity development in twins is reviewed. One of the twins, our patient, is studied in depth. Her changes in weight are related to biographical events and to her relationship with her eating-disordered twin sister. The specific determinants of anorexia nervosa in this case are hypothesised and discussed. Results: The particular problems of separation and identity formation posed by twinship were considered to be severe. Development of a potentially fatal and familial illness, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, prompted by adult growth in the other twin, was experienced as catastrophic by our patient; the threat of maturity became intolerable and anorexia nervosa was the only solution. Conclusions: A treatment programme that addressed these matters has been successful. She now holds a normal body weight and is more able to live with ambivalent feelings and doubts. She is also more realistic about and accepting of her own mild degree of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Bilateral Renal Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Enrico Minetti, Alberto Montoli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Ospedale Niguarda Ca’Granda 20162 Milan, Italy 43-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on moderate exertion and bilateral flank bruits. The patient had no history of trauma. Echocardiography revealed left ventricular hypertrophy and an enlarged inferior vena cava. Color Doppler examination (Panel A) showed increased blood flow in one of two left renal arteries and in a giant right renal artery. A coronal scan of the right flank (video clip) showed a longitudinal view of the aorta, which was visibly pulsating behind the vena cava. A giant right renal artery originated from the aorta and was directed upward (to the left, in the video image). When the course of the renal artery was followed laterally to the right renal hilum, a lesion that resembled a multiloculated parahilar cyst could be seen. Color Doppler analysis revealed high blood flow in the lesion, suggesting the presence of a large, cavernous arteriovenous malformation. Nuclear magnetic resonance angiography (Panel B) showed three renal arteries on the left side. Of those arteries, the most caudal had an arteriovenous fistula, which was successfully treated by means of selective endovascular coil embolization. Endovascular embolization of the arteriovenous malformation involving the right main renal artery and vein was attempted. Subsequently, a right nephrectomy was performed. The patient was discharged with normal renal function.
Three-phase Skeletal Scintlgraphy for Suspected Bone Tumors
Authors: RICHARD G. McLEAN, I PROVAN C. MURRAY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The advantage of using three-phase skeletal scintigraphy rather than merely conventional delayed imaging in the investigation of suspected bone tumors is illustrated by two cases in which this procedure provided greater information on the site and extent of the lesion than other single modalities.
Serum transferrin receptors in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: A Zoli, L Altomonte, L Mirone, M Magaro, B M Ricerca, S Storti, A Candido, M Bizzi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

Serum transferrin receptors (sTfR) were determined in patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to verify a possible relationship with the degree of anaemia and with the severity of the inflammatory disease.sTfR, IL1-b, TNF-a and common parameters of iron metabolism were studied in 72 patients with active RA. Anaemia (Hb < 12 g/dl) was present in 51 patients. Twenty normal healthy subjects and 40 iron-deficient anaemic patients without chronic inflammatory, infective or malignant diseases were studied as controls.In patients with RA sTfR levels were significantly higher than in the normal group but lower than in iron-deficient anaemic patients and correlated positively with ESR and IL1-b and negatively with Hb. Anaemic patients with RA were divided into two groups. Group A (56%) showed a possible iron deficiency (TSI < 16 and ferritin < 50 ng/ml); group B did not show iron deficiency (TSI > 16 and ferritin > 50 ng/ml). No significant difference in sTfR was observed in the two groups.sTfR appear to be elevated and related to the degree of anaemia and to the inflammatory process in RA. Reduced sTfR levels in patients with RA compared with patients with iron-deficiency anaemia may indicate a reduced erythropoietic activity in RA.
Structures of Neuroligin-1 and the Neuroligin-1/Neurexin-1β Complex Reveal Specific Protein-Protein and Protein-Ca2+ Interactions
Authors: Demet Araç, Antony A. Boucard, Engin Özkan, Pavel Strop, Evan Newell, Thomas C. Südhof, Axel T. Brunger
Journal: Neuron (2007)
THE CARDIAC OUTPUT AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF NINE SURGICAL PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER OPERATION 1
Authors: J. C. Snyder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1938)

The effects of anesthesia and operation on the circulation and metabolic rate of man have not been accurately determined.A few studies of cardiac output and oxygen consumption have been reported in relation to surgical procedures, but the evidence is incomplete and inconclusive.Polano (1), using Broemser's method (2), has interpreted his data as indicating an increase in cardiac output in the immediate postoperative period.Rehn (3), with the same technic, has described a decrease in cardiac output postoperatively in those patients who show signs of shock and collapse.Broemser's method has been criticized on theoretical grounds (4).Altschule and Volk (5), using the ethyl iodide method, have described the changes in cardiac output and oxygen consumption which accompany total thyroidectomy, but they present no data for the immediate postoperative period.Blalock and his coworkers have found that trauma and hemorrhage (acute ex- periments) depress the cardiac output of dogs (6); that etherization produces an increase in cardiac output and a slight decrease in oxygen consumption; and that under very deep anesthesia the cardiac output returns to normal or is decreased (7).To determine more definitely the cardiac output and oxygen consumption of human subjects in relation to general surgical procedures, studies have been undertaken on hospital patients before operation, during recovery from anesthesia, and at suitable intervals thereafter.TECHNICAL DETAILS Cardiac output.The ethyl iodide method (8) as modified to permit rapid determinations in un- conscious patients was used (9).Before this adaptation could be applied to the study of pa- tients anesthetized with ether, it was necessary to 'Aided by grants from the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation and the William F. Milton Fund.2 Research Fellow in Surgery.determine whether ether vapor affects the accuracy of the chemical determination of ethyl iodide vapor in air samples, or the solubility of ethyl iodide in blood.
Atopic sensitization in the first year of life
Authors: Martin Depner, Markus J. Ege, Jon Genuneit, Juha Pekkanen, Marjut Roponen, Maija-Riitta Hirvonen, Jean-Charles Dalphin, Vincent Kaulek, Susanne Krauss-Etschmann, Josef Riedler, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Caroline Roduit, Roger Lauener, Petra I. Pfefferle, Juliane Weber, Erika von Mutius
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
TRANSIENT INVERSION OF T WAVES AFTER PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA
Authors: Ralph M. Myerson
Journal: JAMA (1952)

An electrocardiographic syndrome consisting of transient inversion of T waves after paroxysms of tachycardia in normal hearts has been recognized for some time. The resemblance of these changes to those of serious organic heart disease makes obvious the importance of their recognition and understanding. The recent observation of this syndrome in two apparently healthy young men prompted us to review the literature on this subject. It is our belief that knowledge of the frequency, characteristics, and importance of this syndrome is not as widespread as it should be. In 1935, Graybiel and White<sup>1</sup>stressed the fact that inversion of T waves is not necessarily associated with organic heart disease, and that care must be taken in the diagnosis of heart disease when inverted T waves are the only electrocardiographic finding. They cited a number of conditions in which inverted T waves occurred with no evidence of associated cardiac disorder.
THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF MINERAL OIL (LIQUID PETROLATUM) PURGATIVES
Authors: JAMES W. MORGAN
Journal: JAMA (1941)

There is perhaps no purgative with which the gastroenterologist is more familiar than liquid petrolatum. This familiarity results in thoughtlessness in its use. Our study of the deleterious effects of this type of drug makes us wonder whether or not the almost routine prescribing of liquid petrolatum has not bred through thoughtlessness and ignorance a serious disregard for the patient's welfare. The wide use of liquid petrolatum seems to be based on empirical considerations which make little sense when examined critically. Its chemistry is to say the least uncertain and its pharmacologic action a matter of dispute. Some contend that it acts by mechanically softening the feces<sup>1</sup>; others hold that it undergoes emulsification<sup>2</sup>and still others assert that it speeds up peristalsis by its irritative action on the mucous membrane.<sup>3</sup>On the other hand, mechanistic conditioning in a machine age has produced the current concept by analogy
Relative risks of different types of contact lenses.
Authors: W. A. Franks, G. G. Adams, J. K. Dart, D. Minassian
Journal: BMJ (1988)

20°C until being assayed for serum and plasma potassium concentrations by flame photometry (within batch SD=0 03 mmol/l).The Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used in statistical analysis.The median (range) difference in potassium concentration between serum and plasma in the 43 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was 0 3 (0 1- 1 3) mmol/l, which was significantly greater (p<0 001) than that in the 21 controls with arthritis (0 2 (0- 0 4) mmol/l) and the 28 normal subjects (0 2 (0-0-4) mmol/l).Serum creatinine and plasma potassium concentrations and the white cell count were similar in the three groups, but the platelet count was significantly (p<0-001) higher in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (median (range) 366 (165-1260)x 103/1 v 287 (122-444)x 107/1 in the controls with arthritis and 305 (192-440)x 107/1 in the normal subjects).The difference in potassium concentration between serum and plasma in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis correlated with their platelet count (figure) (r=0 64, p<0001).
Diagnosis of Early Gastric Cancers in the Upper Part of the Stomach by the Endoscopic Congo Red - Methylene Blue Test
Authors: M. Tatsuta, H. Iishi, S. Okuda, H. Taniguchi
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

The clinicopathological features of the early gastric cancers in the upper part of the stomach, and the accuracy of their diagnosis by routine endoscopic examination were examined, and the accuracy of diagnosis of minute and flat cancers in the upper portion of the stomach by routine endoscopic examination and by the endoscopic Congo red-methylene blue test developed in our clinic were compared. Early cancers in the upper part of the stomach occurred in the elderly patient, and grossly elevated types were frequent. Endoscopically they were most difficult to diagnose by a single routine endoscopic examination, because they were frequently overlooked, and adequate biopsy was difficult in some cases. A correct diagnosis of minute and flat cancers in the upper part of the stomach by routine examination was made in only 27.3% and 25.0% of the cases, respectively. But with the Congo red-methylene blue test the diagnostic rate was raised significantly to 75.0% and 83.3%, respectively. In this test, Congo red and methylene blue sprayed on the surface of the tumor were bleached white 2 to 5 minutes after application, in sharp contrast to the unaffected mucosa.