tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Delays in Adjuvant Chemotherapy Treatment Among Patients With Breast Cancer Are More Likely in African American and Hispanic Populations: A National Cohort Study 2004-2006
Authors: Stacey A. Fedewa, Elizabeth M. Ward, Andrew K. Stewart, Stephen B. Edge
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Purpose Previous studies have indicated poorer survival among women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy &gt; 90 days after surgery compared with women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy within 90 days of surgery. Patients and Methods Women diagnosed between 2004 and 2006 with invasive breast cancer (stages I to III) and treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were selected from the National Cancer Database (n = 107,587). We evaluated factors associated with prolonged time to start adjuvant chemotherapy (≥ 60 and ≥ 90 days after surgical resection) using multivariable log binomial models to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs. Results The average time to adjuvant chemotherapy was 41.46 days (± 24.46 days). Overall, 85.2% and 95.8% of women received adjuvant chemotherapy within 60 and 90 days of surgery, respectively. African American and Hispanic patients had higher risk of 60-day delay (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.41 and RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.39, respectively) and 90-day delay (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.44 to 1.69 and RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.59, respectively) compared with white patients. Insurance type, stage, comorbidity, and facility type were also associated with adjuvant chemotherapy delay. Conclusion The majority of women in our study received adjuvant chemotherapy within the time frame (90 days) for which there is no evidence of poorer outcome. However, the rate of delay varied by patient and by clinical and facility factors. Future studies on the role of structural, physician, clinical, and patient factors in adjuvant chemotherapy delay in populations of women with higher rates of delay and potential interventions are needed.
Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in oat-cell carcinoma of bronchus: Aggravation of hyponatraemia by intravenous cyclophosphamide
Authors: A. H. G. Munro, G. K. Crompton
Journal: Thorax (1972)

A patient with hyponatraemia associated with an oat-cell carcinoma of the bronchus is described. Treatment with intermittent large doses of cyclophosphamide intensified the hyponatraemia. An explanation of this previously undescribed phenomenon is suggested.
Rapid detection of major respiratory tract viral infections in acute exacerbation of COPD by highly sensitive multiplex PCR (mPCR)
Authors: Arvind Uniyal, Kriti Upadhyay, Bharti Gaur, T.C. Chawla, Ashraf Ali, Subhash Chandra, Shobha Broor, R.M. Pandey, Randeep Guleria, Anant Mohan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background  :- The role of viruses in acute exacerbation of chronic pulmonary disease (AECOPD) needs further elucidation, since reliable clinical or biological markers to detect respiratory viruses are lacking.    Objective  :- To determine the frequency of respiratory virus infection by mPCR in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD).    Method  :- Tracheal aspirates (TA) and Nasal pharyngeal aspirates (NPA) samples were collected from 137 hospitalized patients with AECOPD and analyzed by mPCR, using primers Inf A (Matrix Gene), Inf B (Matrix Gene), RSV (N Gene), PIV1 (N Gene), PIV2 (N Gene), PIV3 (N Gene) and hMPV (N Gene).    Results  :- The mean (SD) age of the entire group was 62.3 (11.4) years, among which 78.8% were males. The proportion of current smokers, ex smokers and non smokers was 35%, 46% and 19% respectively. The results for the detection of respiratory viruses were obtained within 4-5 hours. The overall prevalence of respiratory viruses in the entire group was 13.1%. These included RSV - 1(5.6%), Inf A - 11(61.1%), Inf B – 0%, PIV1 - 5(27.7%), PIV2 – 0%, PIV3 - 1(5.6%) and hMPV – 0%.    Conclusion  :- Highly sensitive mPCR is a useful and rapid technique for detecting respiratory viruses from TA and NPA samples and may prove helpful in early detection of the etiology of AECOPD.
Two independent killing mechanisms of Candida albicans by human neutrophils: evidence from innate immunity defects
Authors: Roel P. Gazendam, John L. van Hamme, Anton T. J. Tool, Michel van Houdt, Paul J. J. H. Verkuijlen, Martin Herbst, Johannes G. Liese, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Dirk Roos, Timo K. van den Berg, Taco W. Kuijpers
Journal: Blood (2014)
qFibrosis: A fully-quantitative innovative method incorporating histological features to facilitate accurate fibrosis scoring in animal model and chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Shuoyu Xu, Yan Wang, Dean C.S. Tai, Shi Wang, Chee Leong Cheng, Qiwen Peng, Jie Yan, Yongpeng Chen, Jian Sun, Xieer Liang, Youfu Zhu, Jagath C. Rajapakse, Roy E. Welsch, Peter T.C. So, Aileen Wee, Jinlin Hou, Hanry Yu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
SUMOylation-Dependent LRH-1/PROX1 Interaction Promotes Atherosclerosis by Decreasing Hepatic Reverse Cholesterol Transport
Authors: Sokrates Stein, Maaike H. Oosterveer, Chikage Mataki, Pan Xu, Vera Lemos, Rick Havinga, Claudia Dittner, Dongryeol Ryu, Keir J. Menzies, Xu Wang, Alessia Perino, Sander M. Houten, Frauke Melchior, Kristina Schoonjans
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Predictors of Success or Failure of Transition to Day Hospital Treatment for Inpatients With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: William T. Howard, Karen K. Evans, Charito V. Quintero-Howard, Wayne A. Bowers, Arnold E. Andersen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

Clinicians are under increasing pressure to transfer inpatients with anorexia nervosa to less intensive treatment early in their hospital course. This study identifies prognostic factors clinicians can use in determining the earliest time to transfer an inpatient with anorexia to a day hospital program.The authors reviewed the charts of 59 female patients with anorexia nervosa who were transferred from 24-hour inpatient care to an eating disorder day hospital program. They evaluated the prognostic significance of a variety of anthropometric, demographic, illness history, and psychometric measures in this retrospective chart review.Greater risk of day hospital program treatment failure and inpatient readmission was associated with longer duration of illness (for patients who had been ill for more than 6 years, risk ratio = 2.7), amenorrhea (for patients who had this symptom for more than 2.5 years, risk ratio = 5.7), or lower body mass index at the time of inpatient admission (for patients with a body mass index of 16.5 or less, risk ratio = 9.6; for those with a body mass index 75% or less than normal, risk ratio = 7.2) or at the time of transition to the day hospital program (for patients with a body mass index of 19 or less, risk ratio = 3.9; for those with a body mass index 90% or less than normal, risk ratio = 11.7).Inpatients with anorexia nervosa who have the poor prognostic indicators found in this study are in need of continued inpatient care to avoid immediate relapse and higher cost and longer duration of treatment.
A combined oncogenic pathway signature of<i>BRAF</i>,<i>KRAS</i>and<i>PI3KCA</i>mutation improves colorectal cancer classification and cetuximab treatment prediction
Authors: Sun Tian, Iris Simon, Victor Moreno, Paul Roepman, Josep Tabernero, Mireille Snel, Laura van't Veer, Ramon Salazar, Rene Bernards, Gabriel Capella
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> To develop gene expression profiles that characterise <i>KRAS</i>-, <i>BRAF</i>- or <i>PIK3CA</i>-activated- tumours, and to explore whether these profiles might be helpful in predicting the response to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway inhibitors better than mutation status alone. <h3>Design</h3> Fresh frozen tumour samples from 381 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were collected and mutations in <i>KRAS</i>, <i>BRAF</i> and <i>PIK3CA</i> were assessed. Using microarray data, three individual oncogenic and a combined model were developed and validated in an independent set of 80 CRC patients, and in a dataset from metastatic CRC patients treated with cetuximab. <h3>Results</h3> 175 tumours (45.9%) harboured oncogenic mutations in <i>KRAS</i> (30.2%), <i>BRAF</i> (11.0%) and <i>PIK3CA</i> (11.5%). Activating mutation signatures for <i>KRAS</i> (75 genes), for <i>BRAF</i> (58 genes,) and for <i>PIK3CA</i> (49 genes) were developed. The development of a combined oncogenic pathway signature-classified tumours as 'activated oncogenic', or as 'wildtype-like' with a sensitivity of 90.3% and a specificity of 61.7%. The identified signature revealed other mechanisms that can activate ERK/MAPK pathway in <i>KRAS</i>, <i>BRAF</i> and <i>PIK3CA</i> wildtype patients. The combined signature is associated with response to cetuximab treatment in patients with metastatic CRC (HR 2.51, p&lt;0.0009). <h3>Conclusion</h3> A combined oncogenic pathway signature allows the identification of patients with an active EGFR-signalling pathway that could benefit from downstream pathway inhibition.
A Clinical Screening Tool Identifies Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults
Authors: Spiros Fourlanos, Christine Perry, Mark S. Stein, Jim Stankovich, Leonard C. Harrison, Peter G. Colman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is defined as adult-onset diabetes with circulating islet antibodies but not requiring insulin therapy initially. Diagnosing LADA has treatment implications because of the high risk of progression to insulin dependency. Currently, there are no recommendations for islet antibody testing in adult-onset diabetes. In this study, we aimed to develop a clinical screening tool to identify adults at high risk of LADA who require islet antibody testing. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Subjects with LADA (n = 102, GAD antibody [GADA]+) and type 2 diabetes (n = 111, GADA−) (aged 30–75 years) were interviewed retrospectively. The clinical features documented were age of onset, acute symptoms of hyperglycemia, BMI, and personal and family history of autoimmune disease. Any clinical feature that was significantly more frequent in LADA was designated as a distinguishing clinical feature. In each subject, a “LADA clinical risk score,” based on the total number of distinguishing features, was calculated. A prospective study of adults with newly diagnosed diabetes (n = 130) was used to determine whether the LADA clinical risk score could identify LADA. RESULTS—In the retrospective study, five clinical features were more frequent in LADA compared with type 2 diabetes at diagnosis: 1) age of onset &amp;lt;50 years (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), 2) acute symptoms (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), 3) BMI &amp;lt;25 kg/m2 (P = 0.0004), 4) personal history of autoimmune disease (P = 0.011), and 5) family history of autoimmune disease (P = 0.024). In the prospective study, the presence of at least two of these distinguishing clinical features (LADA clinical risk score ≥2) had a 90% sensitivity and 71% specificity for identifying LADA and a negative predictive value for a LADA clinical risk score ≤1 of 99%. CONCLUSIONS—At least two distinguishing clinical features are found in a majority of patients with LADA at diagnosis and can be used to identify adults with diabetes at higher risk for LADA.
Endoscopic placement of fiducial markers for real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy in 50 patients with lung cancer: A feasibility study
Authors: Markus Blaukovitsch, Bernd Lamprecht, Birgit Wegleitner, Peter Porsch, Karl Wurstbauer, Franz Sedlmayer, Michael Studnicka
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Purpose: Fiducial markers can be used for real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy in patients with lung cancer. CT-guided placement is associated with a substantial complication rate (15%-30% pneumothorax). In this retrospective study we examined the feasibility and safety of bronchoscopic placement of fiducial markers (gold coils) into/nearby solid lung lesions.

Methods: We placed 137 gold coils (35 by needle: 0,5 x 5 mm, and 102 by brush: 1,2 x 3mm) in 50 consecutive patients with lung lesions. We used electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) and/or fluoroscopy for guidance. 74% of patients were male, mean age was 71,6a, mean FeV1 was 1,7l (60% of predicted). Anatomical distribution of lung lesions was mostly in the inner-third of the lung parenchyma (38%), followed by peripheral lesions (34%) and lesions located in the mid-third of the lungs (28%).

Results: Migration rate of the fiducial markers was 20%. We did not observe any severe complications throughout bronchoscopy, e.g. pneumothorax or haemoptysis. Three (=8%) of the patients developed radiotherapy-associated pneumonitis.

View this table:

Migration of fiducial markers





Conclusion: Placement of fiducial markers through ENB or fluoroscopy guided bronchoscopy is a safe and effective methode without complications. Real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy with fiducial markers decreases the risk of pneumonitis.
Dyspepsia management in the millennium: to test and treat or not?
Authors: B C Delaney
Journal: Gut (2002)

Test and treat followed by endoscopy for non-responders was less cost effective than empiric proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment followed by endoscopy or with strategies of test and treat followed by empiric PPI (or vice versa). Decision analysis can be used to bridge the gap between evidence and practice. It may be used to highlight the best choice between competing management strategies where no direct trial evidence is available or add additional information, for example cost data, to extrapolate from available trial evidence.1 The use of sensitivity analysis, changing the parameters such as the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori , is particularly helpful in establishing an "envelope" within which a particular strategy is cost effective. Trials, meta-analyses, and modelling can be seen as working together to create a practical quantified evidence base. Spiegel BMR, Vakil NB, Ofman JJ. Dyspepsia management in primary care—a decision analysis of competing strategies. Gastroenterology2002;122:1270–85. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Background : Several consensus statements have recommended Helicobacter pylori testing and eradication (test and treat) followed by endoscopy for non-responders for the management of simple uninvestigated dyspepsia, particularly in patients aged <45 years. However, recent trials have suggested that this may not be such a good strategy. Question : For uninvestigated … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGastroenterology%26rft.stitle%253DGastroenterology%26rft.volume%253D122%26rft.spage%253D1270%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1053%252Fgast.2002.33019%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11984514%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1053/gast.2002.33019&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=11984514&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F52%2F1%2F10.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000175305500013&link_type=ISI
Pass quantity, focus on quality
Authors: Delong Liu, Weijing Sun, Jingzhou Hou, Ruirong Yuan, Zihai Li
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

Journal of Hematology & Oncology is pleased to see the exponential growth in the number of publications from China, especially in hematology and oncology. This editorial calls for putting more weight on the quality of the future scientific output and invites rigorous dialogs among policy makers, granting agencies, academic leaders, physicians, and scientists, followed by concrete actions, to achieve such a goal.
The liver-spleen scan as a quantitative liver function test: Correlation with liver severity at peritoneoscopy
Authors: J HOEFS
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Sulfur colloid distribution on liver-spleen scan is determined by the perfused Kupffer cell mass. The perfused Kupffer cell mass is proportional to the perfused hepatocyte mass, but is less affected by acute changes in hepatocyte function. Thus, sulfur colloid distribution parameters (precisely measured by quantitative liver-spleen scan [QLSS]) may be an excellent test of the perfused hepatic mass. Although no gold standard exists for confirmation, a close correlation should exist between liver disease severity assessed at peritoneoscopy and sulfur colloid distribution. Peritoneoscopy severity (scored as total peritoneoscopy score [PS]; range, 0-5) was assessed in 76 patients who also had QLSS. Multivariate equation were generated to estimate liver disease severity from the QLSS. These were then applied prospectively in 20 consecutive patients to validate these equations. In 76 patients, 62 were evaluated because of chronic liver disease (CLD) and included those with micronodular (20) and macronodular (20) cirrhosis with various degrees of severity (Child's A, 16; B, 29; C, 17). Multivariate analysis yielded a number of combinations of QLSS parameters that correlated with peritoneoscopic severity. These equations were used to estimate liver disease severity. Estimates of liver disease severity (estimated PS [EPS]) correlated well with the PS in these 76 patients (r = .9064; r2 = .8216; P < .0001). Adding histological fibrosis to the QLSS parameters yields an equation for estimating PS that was even more effective (r = .9462; r2 = .8953; P < .001). However, validation of multivariate equations requires confirmation of their value in a second population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diuretic effects on cardiac hypertrophy in the stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rat
Authors: F. Contard, M. Glukhova, F. Marotte, G. Narcisse, C. Schatz, B. Swynghedauw, D. Guez, J.-L. Samuel, L. Rappaport
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

The aim was to compare the effects of two diuretics, indapamide and hydrochlorothiazide, on cardiac hypertrophy in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP).Six week old SHR-SP, on a 1% sodium chloride water intake, were treated with oral indapamide (3 mg.kg-1 x d-1) or hydrochlorothiazide (20 mg.kg-1 x d-1) over a 44 d period. The hypertrophic process was evaluated by classical indices and by the morphological analysis of myocyte cross sectional area, coronary artery thickness, and immunohistochemical analysis of interstitial fibrosis.In the untreated SHR-SP on 1% sodium chloride, all animals developed severe hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy when compared to normotensive salt loaded WKY by 13 weeks of age. In salt loaded SHR-SP treated with indapamide or hydrochlorothiazide, systolic blood pressure was moderately decreased by the end of the treatment when compared with untreated SHR-SP, at 259(7) and 245(7) mm Hg respectively, v 300(11) mm Hg, p < or = 0.05. Myocyte enlargement appears to be the main feature involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in the SHR-SP. By the end of treatment both indapamide and hydrochlorothiazide prevented the development of cardiac hypertrophy evaluated by heart weight to body weight ratio [4.69(0.07) and 4.61(0.08) respectively, v 5.39(0.13), p < or = 0.001] and myocyte hypertrophy (-33% and -21% of the SHR-SP values, p < or = 0.001). Myocardial interstitial fibrosis and perivascular fibrosis were practically absent in the two treated groups.Our results allow the characterisation of SHR-SP cardiac hypertrophy and indicate that the two types of chronic diuretic treatment prevent SHR-SP cardiac hypertrophy with a drug specific efficiency.
Stopping Time: The Genetics of Fly and Mouse Circadian Clocks
Authors: Ravi Allada, Patrick Emery, Joseph S. Takahashi, Michael Rosbash
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2001)

▪ Abstract Forward genetic analyses in flies and mice have uncovered conserved transcriptional feedback loops at the heart of circadian pacemakers. Conserved mechanisms of posttranslational regulation, most notably phosphorylation, appear to be important for timing feedback. Transcript analyses have indicated that circadian clocks are not restricted to neurons but are found in several tissues. Comparisons between flies and mice highlight important differences in molecular circuitry and circadian organization. Future studies of pacemaker mechanisms and their control of physiology and behavior will likely continue to rely on forward genetics.
Joint Effects of an Aldosterone Synthase (CYP11B2) Gene Polymorphism and Classic Risk Factors on Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Aarno Hautanen, Petri Toivanen, M. Mänttäri, Leena Tenkanen, Markku Kupari, V. Manninen, Kathleen M. Kayes, Scott Rosenfeld, Perrin C. White
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The −344C allele of a 2-allele (C or T) polymorphism in the promoter of the gene encoding aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) is associated with increased left ventricular size and mass and with decreased baroreflex sensitivity, known risk factors for morbidity and mortality associated with myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that this polymorphism was a risk factor for MI. Methods and Results —We used a nested case-control design to investigate the relationships between this polymorphism and the risk of nonfatal MI in 141 cases and 270 matched controls from the Helsinki Heart Study, a coronary primary prevention trial in dyslipidemic, middle-aged men. There was a nonsignificant trend of increasing risk of MI with number of copies of the −344C allele. However, this allele was associated in a gene dosage–dependent manner with markedly increased MI risk conferred by classic risk factors. Whereas smoking conferred a relative risk of MI of 2.50 ( P =0.0001) compared with nonsmokers in the entire study population, the relative risk increased to 4.67 in −344CC homozygous smokers (relative to nonsmokers with the same genotype, P =0.003) and decreased to 1.09 in −344TT homozygotes relative to nonsmokers with this genotype. Similar joint effects were noted with genotype and decreased HDL cholesterol level as combined risk factors. Conclusions —Smoking and dyslipidemia are more potent risk factors for nonfatal MI in males who have the −344C allele of CYP11B2.
Novel Extracellular Vesicles Mediate an ABCG2-Dependent Anticancer Drug Sequestration and Resistance
Authors: Ilan Ifergan, George L. Scheffer, Yehuda G. Assaraf
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Overexpression of the multidrug efflux transporter ABCG2 in the plasma membrane of cancer cells confers resistance to various anticancer drugs, including mitoxantrone. Here, we explored the mechanism underlying drug resistance in the MCF-7 breast cancer sublines MCF-7/MR and MCF-7/FLV1000 cells in which wild-type (R482) ABCG2 overexpression is highly confined to cell-cell attachment zones. The latter comprised the membrane of novel extracellular vesicles in which mitoxantrone was rapidly and dramatically sequestered. After 12 hours of incubation with mitoxantrone, the estimated intravesicular drug concentration was ∼1,000-fold higher than in the culture medium. This drug compartmentalization was prevented by the specific and potent ABCG2 transport inhibitors Ko143 and fumitremorgin C, thereby resulting in restoration of drug sensitivity. Consistently, this intravesicular drug concentration was abrogated by energy deprivation and was restored upon provision of energy substrates. Fine-structure studies corroborated the presence of numerous large extracellular vesicles that were highly confined to cell-cell attachment zones between neighbor cells. Furthermore, high-resolution electron microscopy revealed that the membrane of these extracellular vesicles contained microvilli-like invaginations protruding into the intravesicular lumen. It is likely that these microvilli-like projections increase the vesicular membrane surface, thereby allowing for a more efficient ABCG2-dependent intravesicular anticancer drug concentration. Hence, these novel extracellular vesicles mediate the ABCG2-dependent extraction of intracellular drug, thereby serving as cytotoxic drug disposal chambers shared by multiple neighbor cancer cells. This constitutes a novel modality of anticancer drug resistance.