tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association between falls in elderly women and chronic diseases and drug use: cross sectional study
Authors: D. A Lawlor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To assess the associations between having had a fall and chronic diseases and drug use in elderly women.Cross sectional survey, using data from the British women's heart and health study.General practices in 23 towns in Great Britain.4050 women aged 60-79 years.Whether women had had falls in the previous 12 months.The prevalence of falling increased with increasing numbers of simultaneously occurring chronic diseases. However, no such relation with falling was found in the fully adjusted data for the number of drugs used. Circulatory disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, and arthritis were all associated with an increased odds of falling. The fully adjusted, population attributable risk of falling associated with having at least one chronic disease was 32.2% (95% confidence interval 19.6% to 42.8%). Only two classes of drugs (hypnotics and anxiolytics, and antidepressants) were independently associated with an increased odds of falling. Each class was associated with an increase of about 50% in the odds of falling, and each had a population attributable risk of < 5%.Chronic diseases and multiple pathology are more important predictors of falling than polypharmacy.
The Cardiovascular Effects of Morphine THE PERIPHERAL CAPACITANCE AND RESISTANCE VESSELS IN HUMAN SUBJECTS
Authors: Robert Zelis, Edward J. Mansour, Robert J. Capone, Dean T. Mason
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

To evaluate the effects of morphine on the peripheral venous and arterial beds, 69 normal subjects were evaluated before and after the intravenous administration of 15 mg morphine. Venous tone was determined by three independent techniques in 22 subjects. The venous pressure measured in a hand vein during temporary circulatory arrest (isolated hand vein technique) fell from 20.2±1.4 to 13.4±0.9 mm Hg (P < 0.01) 10 min after morphine, indicating that a significant venodilation had occurred. With the acute occlusion technique, morphine induced a reduction in forearm venous tone from 12.8±1.1 to 7.9±2.3 mm Hg/ml/100 ml (P < 0.01). Although forearm venous volume at a pressure of 30 mm Hg (VV[30]) was increased from 2.26±0.17 to 2.55±0.26 ml/100 ml, measured by the equilibration technique, the change was not significant (P > 0.1). Of note is that the initial reaction to morphine was a pronounced venoconstriction, demonstrated during the first 1-2 min after the drug. (Isolated hand vein pressure increased to 37.2±5.4 mm Hg, P < 0.01). This rapidly subsided, and by 5 min a venodilation was evident. Morphine did not attenuate the venoconstrictor response to a single deep breath, mental arithmetic, or the application of ice to the forehead when measured by either the isolated hand vein technique or the equilibration technique.
Course on basic surgical skills is being run by all surgical colleges
Authors: J D Greig, J Duignan, G. Sunderland
Journal: BMJ (1996)

time, which contrasts with a finding of an earlier study by them of similar duration, which indicated that the slope of the fall in glomerular filtration flattens if antihypertensive treatment is continued for a long time.'Because of possible hidden biases in observational studies it is premature to recommend special treatment for patients with diabetic nephropathy who are homozygous for the deletion polymorphism until prospective randomised studies have been carried out.
The Nuts and Bolts of Achieving End Points With Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Howard A. Wolpert
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) provides detailed information on glucose patterns and trends and promises to be a major advance in diabetes care. To derive full potential benefit from RT-CGM, the patient needs to be skilled in diabetes self-management. In addition, several key concepts and issues need to be addressed in training patients to use RT-CGM. These include 1) the implications of the physiologic lag between interstitial and capillary blood glucose levels and 2) the increased risk among RT-CGM users for hypoglycemia related to blind postprandial bolusing. Patients need to understand the importance of calibrating during steady-state conditions to improve sensor accuracy. In addition, they need to use fingerstick measurements for treatment decision-making when the glucose level is changing rapidly, i.e., conditions when physiologic lag can lead to a marked discrepancy between blood and interstitial glucose. Consideration of “insulin on board” and the impact of the glycemic index of different foodstuffs on postprandial glucose patterns can help minimize the risk for hypoglycemia from supplemental boluses taken to correct postprandial hyperglycemia. To use continuous glucose data safely and effectively, patients need to be skilled in diabetes self-management, and the widespread adoption of RT-CGM into diabetes care will need to be coupled with comprehensive self-management education.
Distinct characteristics of antibody responses against factor VIII in healthy individuals and in different cohorts of hemophilia A patients
Authors: Shawn F. J. Whelan, Christoph J. Hofbauer, Frank M. Horling, Peter Allacher, Martin J. Wolfsegger, Johannes Oldenburg, Christoph Male, Jerzy Windyga, Andreas Tiede, Hans Peter Schwarz, Friedrich Scheiflinger, Birgit M. Reipert
Journal: Blood (2012)
Hope for new, cheaper, plasma-derived vaccine: end hepatitis B transmission in developing nations
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cryptococcus neoformans as a Cause of Lytic Bone Lesions
Authors: Keith H. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Cryptococcosis is a disseminated infection of man and animals that involves many organs, especially the central nervous system. Isolated bone involvement may cause lytic bone lesions. Diagnosis may be made by pathologic sections and culture of specimens obtained through surgical biopsy. When Cryptococcus is recovered from bone, care must be taken to study other organ systems, especially the central nervous system. Isolated bone disease without meningitis is very uncommom. Intense medical therapy is necessary for treatment of meningitis; isolated osteomyelitis may respond to surgical drainage alone.
THE DOMICILIARY TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: G. H. Dart
Journal: BMJ (1916)

2t Bill ITHE DOMICILIARY TREATMENT OF PFTHISIS. [JANI.8, i9:6 no urgent need for operation, ordered atropine 1 per cent.with cocaine 2 per esnt.to be instilled and lhot fomentations to be applied every tbree hours.The right eye was quiet; pupil active to light fundus normal; vision good.October 13th.The pupil -was still firmly adherent and tension had become raised a little.Under cocaine and adrenalin anaesthesia I washed out the conjunctival sac with sterile merctry perchloride solutioln 1 in 5,000 an( performed a para- centesis of the anterior chamber, removing some of the pus to a culture tube of Buchanan's medium.Treatment was continued as before.
Clinical Outcomes at 1 Year Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: David R. Holmes, J. Matthew Brennan, John S. Rumsfeld, David Dai, Sean M. O’Brien, Sreekanth Vemulapalli, Fred H. Edwards, John Carroll, David Shahian, Fred Grover, E. Murat Tuzcu, Eric D. Peterson, Ralph G. Brindis, Michael J. Mack
Journal: JAMA (2015)

IMPORTANCEIntroducing new medical devices into routine practice raises concerns because patients and outcomes may differ from those in randomized trials.OBJECTIVE To update the previous report of 30-day outcomes and present 1-year outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in the United States.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology (STS/ACC) Transcatheter Valve Therapies Registry were linked with patient-specific Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) administrative claims data.At 299 US hospitals, 12 182 patients linked with CMS data underwent TAVR procedures performed from November 2011 through June 30, 2013, and the end of the follow-up period was June 30, 2014.EXPOSURE Transcatheter aortic valve replacement.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES One-year outcomes including mortality, stroke, and rehospitalization were evaluated using multivariate modeling. RESULTSThe median age of patients was 84 years and 52% were women, with a median STS Predicted Risk of Operative Mortality (STS PROM) score of 7.1%.Following the TAVR procedure, 59.8% were discharged to home and the 30-day mortality was 7.0% (95% CI, 6.5%-7.4%)(n = 847 deaths).In the first year after TAVR, patients were alive and out of the hospital for a median of 353 days (interquartile range, 312-359 days); 24.4% (n = 2074) of survivors were rehospitalized once and 12.5% (n = 1525) were rehospitalized twice.By 1 year, the overall mortality rate was 23.7% (95% CI, 22.8%-24.5%)(n = 2450 deaths), the stroke rate was 4.1% (95% CI, 3.7%-4.5%)(n = 455 stroke events), and the rate of the composite outcome of mortality and stroke was 26.0% (25.1%-26.8%)(n = 2719 events).Characteristics significantly associated with 1-year mortality included advanced age (hazard ratio [HR] for Ն95 vs <75 years, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.24-2.09];HR for 85-94 years vs <75 years, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.18-1.55];and HR for 75-84 years vs <75 years, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.08-1.41]),male sex (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12-1.31),end-stage renal disease (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.41-1.95),severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.25-1.55),nontransfemoral access (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.27-1.48),STS PROM score greater than 15% vs less than 8% (HR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.60-2.06),and preoperative atrial fibrillation/flutter (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.27-1.48).Compared with men, women had a higher risk of stroke (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.15-1.71).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients undergoing TAVR in US clinical practice, at 1-year follow-up, overall mortality was 23.7%, the stroke rate was 4.1%, and the rate of the composite outcome of death and stroke was 26.0%.These findings should be helpful in discussions with patients undergoing TAVR.
A Draft Model Aggregated Code of Ethics for Bioethicists
Authors: Robert Baker
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2005)

Bioethicists function in an environment in which their peers—healthcare executives, lawyers, nurses, physicians—assert the integrity of their fields through codes of professional ethics. Is it time for bioethics to assert its integrity by developing a code of ethics? Answering in the affirmative, this paper lays out a case by reviewing the historical nature and function of professional codes of ethics. Arguing that professional codes are aggregative enterprises growing in response to a field's historical experiences, it asserts that bioethics now needs to assert its integrity and independence and has already developed a body of formal statements that could be aggregated to create a comprehensive code of ethics for bioethics. A Draft Model Aggregated Code of Ethics for Bioethicists is offered in the hope that analysis and criticism of this draft code will promote further discussion of the nature and content of a code of ethics for bioethicists.
109 CLINICAL VALIDATION OF A SUB-STAGING PROPOSAL OF PATIENTS WITH INTERMEDIATE HCC (BCLC-B)
Authors: F. Piscaglia, A. Pecorelli, L. Venerandi, F. Farinati, P. Del Poggio, G. Rapaccini, M.A. Di Nolfo, L. Benvegnù, M. Zoli, F. Borzio, E.G. Giannini, E. Caturelli, M. Chiaramonte, F. Trevisani, L. Bolondi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Genetic Alterations during Colorectal-Tumor Development
Authors: Bert Vogelstein, Eric R. Fearon, Stanley R. Hamilton, Scott E. Kern, Ann C. Preisinger, Mark Leppert, Alida M.M. Smits, Johannes L. Bos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Because most colorectal carcinomas appear to arise from adenomas, studies of different stages of colorectal neoplasia may shed light on the genetic alterations involved in tumor progression. We looked for four genetic alterations (ras-gene mutations and allelic deletions of chromosomes 5, 17, and 18) in 172 colorectal-tumor specimens representing various stages of neoplastic development. The specimens consisted of 40 predominantly early-stage adenomas from 7 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, 40 adenomas (19 without associated foci of carcinoma and 21 with such foci) from 33 patients without familial polyposis, and 92 carcinomas resected from 89 patients. We found that ras-gene mutations occurred in 58 percent of adenomas larger than 1 cm and in 47 percent of carcinomas. However, ras mutations were found in only 9 percent of adenomas under 1 cm in size. Sequences on chromosome 5 that are linked to the gene for familial adenomatous polyposis were not lost in adenomas from the patients with polyposis but were lost in 29 to 35 percent of adenomas and carcinomas, respectively, from other patients. A specific region of chromosome 18 was deleted frequently in carcinomas (73 percent) and in advanced adenomas (47 percent) but only occasionally in earlier-stage adenomas (11 to 13 percent). Chromosome 17p sequences were usually lost only in carcinomas (75 percent). The four molecular alterations accumulated in a fashion that paralleled the clinical progression of tumors. These results are consistent with a model of colorectal tumorigenesis in which the steps required for the development of cancer often involve the mutational activation of an oncogene coupled with the loss of several genes that normally suppress tumorigenesis.
208 MONOCENTRIC PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF CHEMOEMBOLISATION (TACE) FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) SINCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AASLD GUIDELINES
Authors: K. Aziz, J. Auriol, C. Bureau, V. Lauwers-Cances, F. Muscari, N. Carrere, F. Pey, G. Canevet, L. Buscail, J.-P. Vinel, P. Otal, J.-M. Péron
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Metabolic Imaging of Patients with Prostate Cancer Using Hyperpolarized [1- <sup>13</sup> C]Pyruvate
Authors: Sarah J. Nelson, John Kurhanewicz, Daniel B. Vigneron, Peder E. Z. Larson, Andrea L. Harzstark, Marcus Ferrone, Mark van Criekinge, Jose W. Chang, Robert Bok, Ilwoo Park, Galen Reed, Lucas Carvajal, Eric J. Small, Pamela Munster, Vivian K. Weinberg, Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen, Albert P. Chen, Ralph E. Hurd, Liv-Ingrid Odegardstuen, Fraser J. Robb, James Tropp, Jonathan A. Murray
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized pyruvate was used to safely and noninvasively visualize prostate tumors in patients.
Serological and biochemical identification of hybrid Ia antigens.
Authors: W P Lafuse, J F McCormick, C S David
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Ia specificities 22 and 23 were found to be determinants on hybrid Ia molecules by serological and biochemical studies. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated splenic lymphocytes from (B10 X B10.D2)F1 expressed Ia.22 although both the parents were negative. Similarly [D2.GD X B10.A(5R)]F1 cells expressed Ia.23, whereas D2.GD and B10.A(5R) lacked it. Ia.22 can be generated by gene complementation of Ak-Ek, Ab-Ed, Ab-Ek, As-Ed, and As-Ek, whereas Ia.23 can be generated by Ad-Ed, Ad-Ek, and Ad-Ep. Other possible complementing combinations are under study. The role of Ia.22 and 23 in mixed lymphocyte reactions and immune responses are discussed.
Newborn Screening for Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Susan E. Waisbren
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cost-effectiveness of Mammography Screening
Authors: William C. Black
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Lindfors and Rosenquist<sup>1</sup>estimate the cost-effectiveness of several alternative mammographic screening strategies. They estimate that adding annual screening for women in their 40s to biennial screening for women 50 to 79 years of age increases the marginal cost per year of life saved (MCYLS) of screening to only $20 200. However, this estimate is based on the comparison between screening for women aged 40 to 79 years vs no screening at all, and does not reflect the true marginal cost of adding annual screening for women in their 40s.<sup>2,3</sup>The MCYLS of screening from 40 to 79 years vs 50 to 79 years should be estimated as $32 000 ($1915 minus $1120 divided by 0.0950 year minus.0701 year). Although this MCYLS may still be considered cost-effective, it is highly sensitive to the assumed breast cancer mortality reduction in the 40- to 49-year-old age range.
The electrophysiologic mechanism of ST-segment elevation in Brugada syndrome
Authors: Takashi Kurita, Wataru Shimizu, Masashi Inagaki, Kazuhiro Suyama, Atsushi Taguchi, Kazuhiro Satomi, Naohiko Aihara, Shiro Kamakura, Junjiro Kobayashi, Yoshio Kosakai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Aberrant mural cell recruitment to lymphatic vessels and impaired lymphatic drainage in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Anna-Katharina Meinecke, Nadine Nagy, Gabriela D'Amico Lago, Santina Kirmse, Ralph Klose, Katrin Schrödter, Annika Zimmermann, Iris Helfrich, Helene Rundqvist, Dirk Theegarten, Olaf Anhenn, Véronique Orian-Rousseau, Randall S. Johnson, Kari Alitalo, Jens W. Fischer, Joachim Fandrey, Christian Stockmann
Journal: Blood (2012)
Prospective Study Correlating Fibrinopeptide A, Troponin I, Myoglobin, and Myosin Light Chain Levels With Early and Late Ischemic Events in Consecutive Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Chest Pain
Authors: Ali Sonel, Brett M. Sasseen, Naomi Fineberg, Nils Bang, Robert L. Wilensky
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Although thrombus formation plays a major role in acute coronary syndromes, few studies have evaluated a thrombus marker in risk stratification of patients with chest pain. Furthermore, the relation between markers that reflect myocardial injury and thrombus formation that may predict events in a heterogeneous patient population is unknown. This study correlated markers of thrombus and myocardial injury with early and late ischemic events in consecutive patients with chest pain. Methods and Results —Serum troponin I (TnI), myoglobin, and myosin light chain levels were obtained from 247 patients and urinary fibrinopeptide A (FPA) from 178 of the 247. By multivariate analysis, patients with an elevated FPA level were 4.82 times more likely to die or have myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and coronary revascularization at 1 week ( P =0.002, 95% CI 1.78, 13.03), whereas those with an elevated TnI (&gt;0.2 ng/mL) were 9.41 times more likely ( P &lt;0.001, 95% CI 2.84, 31.17). At 6 months (excluding the index event), an elevated FPA level was an independent predictor of events, with an odds ratio of 9.57 ( P &lt;0.001, C1 3.29, 27.8), and was the only marker to predict a shorter event-free survival ( P &lt;0.001). The other markers did not independently correlate with cardiac events, although MLC incrementally increased early predictive accuracy in combination with the FPA and TnI. Conclusions —Elevated FPA and TnI correlated with cardiac events during the initial week in patients presenting to the Emergency Department with chest pain. FPA predicted adverse events and a shorter event-free survival at 6 months.
Multigene Phylogeny of Land Plants with Special Reference to Bryophytes and the Earliest Land Plants
Authors: Daniel L. Nickrent, Christopher L. Parkinson, Jeffrey D. Palmer, R. Joel Duff
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

A widely held view of land plant relationships places liverworts as the first branch of the land plant tree, whereas some molecular analyses and a cladistic study of morphological characters indicate that hornworts are the earliest land plants. To help resolve this conflict, we used parsimony and likelihood methods to analyze a 6, 095-character data set composed of four genes (chloroplast rbcL and small-subunit rDNA from all three plant genomes) from all major land plant lineages. In all analyses, significant support was obtained for the monophyly of vascular plants, lycophytes, ferns (including PSILOTUM: and EQUISETUM:), seed plants, and angiosperms. Relationships among the three bryophyte lineages were unresolved in parsimony analyses in which all positions were included and weighted equally. However, in parsimony and likelihood analyses in which rbcL third-codon-position transitions were either excluded or downweighted (due to apparent saturation), hornworts were placed as sister to all other land plants, with mosses and liverworts jointly forming the second deepest lineage. Decay analyses and Kishino-Hasegawa tests of the third-position-excluded data set showed significant support for the hornwort-basal topology over several alternative topologies, including the commonly cited liverwort-basal topology. Among the four genes used, mitochondrial small-subunit rDNA showed the lowest homoplasy and alone recovered essentially the same topology as the multigene tree. This molecular phylogeny presents new opportunities to assess paleontological evidence and morphological innovations that occurred during the early evolution of terrestrial plants.