tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Succinate Therapy in Acute Rheumatic Fever
Authors: René Wégria, Edward E. Fischel, Paul E. Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

IN 1945, Gubner and Szucs1 compared the efficacy of several drugs in the treatment of acute rheumatic fever. They reported that a group of patients treated with ascorbic acid and a succinate compound, subenon (calcium double salt of benzoic acid and succinic acid benzyl esters), introduced in 1936,2 , 3 responded more favorably than a group of patients treated with ascorbic acid and salicylate. They stated that fever, leukocytosis and elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate subsided more promptly, that carditis developed in fewer patients, that "relapses" of rheumatic activity were less frequent and that the average duration of the period of . . .
An 18-Year-Old Man With Bilateral Violaceous Cervical Adenopathy
Authors: Erika V. Escobedo, Cynthia H. Ho, James D. Homans
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Relation of Erythropoietin and Erythropoietin Receptor Expression to Hypoxia and Anemia in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Stuart C. Winter, Ketan A. Shah, Leticia Campo, Helen Turley, Russell Leek, Rogan J. Corbridge, Graham J. Cox, Adrian L. Harris
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: The use of erythropoietin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been associated with poor survival. This study examines the protein and mRNA expression of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor in HNSCC and their relation to hypoxia, hemoglobin (Hb), and clinical outcome. Experimental Design: The immunohistochemical expression of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor was assessed in 151 cases of HNSCC. Expression was compared with the hypoxia-dependent proteins hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA-9) and correlated with clinical outcome. The mRNA expression of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor was measured in paired samples of HNSCC. Results: Erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor were expressed in 95% and 99% of tumors, respectively. Using a weighed expression score, there was a positive correlation between erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor expression (r = 0.18, P = 0.03). HIF-1α (r = 0.38, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and CA-9 (r = 0.26, P = 0.002) correlated with erythropoietin expression, but there was no correlation with erythropoietin receptor. No correlation was found between Hb and erythropoietin (r = 0.07, P = 0.36) or erythropoietin receptor (r = −0.02, P = 0.8), and no survival difference between high and low erythropoietin or erythropoietin receptor expression (P = 0.59 and P = 0.98, respectively). The mRNA expression of erythropoietin (P = 0.03) but not erythropoietin receptor (P = 0.62) was significantly increased in 11 paired samples of HNSCC. Conclusion: In vivo, the HIF pathway regulates erythropoietin at the mRNA level but not erythropoietin receptor expression in HNSCC. Anemia does not seem to influence the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors sufficiently to alter the expression of erythropoietin. The effects of exogenous erythropoietin may be acting via receptors expressed on tumor cells in vivo, or on vascular cells, which also express the pathway.
Authors' reply to Laurent
Authors: D. Arterburn, A. Courcoulas
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Laurent urges bariatric surgeons to liaise with local metabolic bone disease experts and review their follow-up, treatment, and referral protocols regarding the management of calcium malabsorption, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis after bariatric procedures.1 2 We agree and further urge all physicians who care for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery to carefully review the joint clinical practice guidelines …
Suppression of Atherosclerotic Development in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbits Treated With an Oral Antiallergic Drug, Tranilast
Authors: Toshiyuki Matsumura, Kiyotaka Kugiyama, Seigo Sugiyama, Yasutaka Ota, Hideki Doi, Nobuhiko Ogata, Hideki Oka, Hirofumi Yasue
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Inflammatory and immunological responses of vascular cells have been shown to play a significant role in the progression of atheromatous formation. Tranilast [ N -(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranillic acid] inhibits release of cytokines and chemical mediators from various cells, including macrophages, leading to suppression of inflammatory and immunological responses. This study tested whether tranilast may suppress atheromatous formation in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits. Methods and Results —WHHL rabbits (2 months old) were given either 300 mg · kg −1 · d −1 of tranilast (Tranilast, n=12) or vehicle (Control, n=13) PO for 6 months. Tranilast treatment was found to suppress the aortic area covered with plaque. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that there was no difference in the percentage of the RAM11-positive macrophage area and the frequency of CD5-positive cells (T cells) in intimal plaques between Tranilast and Control. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression in macrophages and interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression in T cells, as markers of the immunological activation in these cells, was suppressed in atheromatous plaque by tranilast treatment. Flow cytometry analysis of isolated human and rabbit peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed that an increase in expression both of MHC class II antigen on monocytes by incubation with interferon-γ and of IL-2 receptor on T cells by IL-2 was suppressed by the combined incubation with tranilast. Conclusions —The results indicate that tranilast suppresses atherosclerotic development partly through direct inhibition of immunological activation of monocytes/macrophages and T cells in the atheromatous plaque.
Recommendations for Teaching about Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Health Care
Authors: Wally R. Smith, Joseph R. Betancourt, Matthew K. Wynia, Jada Bussey-Jones, Valerie E. Stone, Christopher O. Phillips, Alicia Fernandez, Elizabeth Jacobs, Jacqueline Bowles
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Racial and ethnic minorities often receive lower-quality health care than white patients, even when socioeconomic status, education, access, and other factors are used as controls. To address these pervasive disparities, health care professionals should learn more about them and the roles they can play in eliminating them, but few curricula are focused on understanding and addressing racial and ethnic health disparities, and well-accepted guidelines on what and how to teach in this complex area are lacking. The Society of General Internal Medicine Health Disparities Task Force used a review and consensus process to develop specific recommendations and guidelines for curricula focusing on health disparities. Learning objectives, content, methods for teaching, and useful resources are provided. Although the guidelines were developed primarily for teaching medical students, residents, and practitioners in primary care, the Task Force's general recommendations can apply to learners in any specialty. The Task Force recommends that a curricula address 3 areas of racial and ethnic health disparities and focus on the following specific learning objectives:1) examining and understanding attitudes, such as mistrust, subconscious bias, and stereotyping, which practitioners and patients may bring to clinical encounters; 2) gaining knowledge of the existence and magnitude of health disparities, including the multifactorial causes of health disparities and the many solutions required to diminish or eliminate them; and 3) acquiring the skills to effectively communicate and negotiate across cultures, languages, and literacy levels, including the use of key tools to improve communication. The broad goal of a curriculum on disparities should be for learners to develop a commitment to eliminating inequities in health care quality by understanding and assuming their professional role in addressing this pressing health care crisis.
Immunohistochemical staining for ganglioside GD1b as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for primary human brain tumors
Authors: Theodore C. Comas, Tadashi Tai, David Kimmel, Bernd W. Scheithauer, Peter C. Burger, Dennis K. Pearl, Scott D. Jewell, Allan J. Yates
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1999)

Immunohistochemical staining intensity for ganglioside GD1b was determined for 108 human neuroectodermal tumors. Most of the tissue elements that immunostained were tumor cells; only a few axons and occasional neurons reacted in some specimens. All pilocytic astrocytomas stained very positively, whereas none of the ependymomas and only 11% of primitive neuroectodermal tumors, 20% of glioblastomas, and 28% of anaplastic astrocytomas showed more than faint staining. A similar association between grade and immunostaining was seen in tumors containing an oligodendrogliomatous component, but reactivity was not as strong as in astrocytic tumors or primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Results of Cox regression showed significant associations between immunostaining intensity and survival for all cases taken together (P = 0.007); for the group consisting of astrocytomas, oligoastrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas (P = 0.002); and for astrocytomas alone (P = 0.04). Results were also significant using a proportional hazards model controlling for patient age (all cases P = 0.005; astrocytomas only P = 0.02), but not when controlling for tumor grade. Our results indicate that immunohistochemical staining for GD1b is correlated with tumor grade and that it may be of prognostic utility in some primary human brain tumors, especially astrocytomas.
Hepatic drug delivery and gene therapy
Authors: M A Zern, T F Kresina
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

On September 21-22, 1995, an international meeting entitled "Targeting of Novel Therapeutics to the Liver and GI Tract" was held at the Natcher Conference Center on the campus of the National Institutes of Health. The conference was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases through the Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition and Digestive Diseases Interagency Coordinating Committee (DDICC). Section 440A of Public Law 94-562 in 1976 created the DDICC for the purpose of coordinating the digestive disease-related research activities of relevant federal health agencies into a coordinated program aimed at combating digestive diseases. As part of this federal effort, an assessment of the "state of the art" for targeted drug therapeutics to the liver and gene therapy was undertaken through the conference, cochaired by Dr. Mark Zern (Thomas Jefferson Medical College) and Dr. Flossie Wong-Staal (University of California, San Diego, CA). The conference was divided into four sessions: Session I was Vectors and Techniques; Session II was Liver and Metabolic Diseases; Session III was Hepatitis and GI Disease; and Session IV was Approaches for HIV Infection. This summary focuses on the new technologies and the studies directly pertaining to liver disease. Table 1 lists the techniques and their applications. Table 2 describes viral vectors that have been employed for the purpose of hepatic gene therapy. Table 3 summarizes the studies presented as posters at the conference.
Parvalbumin Corrects Slowed Relaxation in Adult Cardiac Myocytes Expressing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Linked α-Tropomyosin Mutations
Authors: Pierre Coutu, Christina N. Bennett, Elizabeth G. Favre, Sharlene M. Day, Joseph M. Metzger
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations A63V and E180G in alpha-tropomyosin (alpha-Tm) have been shown to cause slow cardiac muscle relaxation. In this study, we used two complementary genetic strategies, gene transfer in isolated rat myocytes and transgenesis in mice, to ascertain whether parvalbumin (Parv), a myoplasmic calcium buffer, could correct the diastolic dysfunction caused by these mutations. Sarcomere shortening measurements in rat cardiac myocytes expressing the alpha-Tm A63V mutant revealed a slower time to 50% relengthening (T50R: 44.2+/-1.4 ms in A63V, 36.8+/-1.0 ms in controls; n=96 to 108; P<0.001) when compared with controls. Dual gene transfer of alpha-Tm A63V and Parv caused a marked decrease in T50R (29.8+/-1.0 ms). However, this increase in relaxation rate was accompanied with a decrease in shortening amplitude (114.6+/-4.4 nm in A63+Parv, 137.8+/-5.3 nm in controls). Using an asynchronous gene transfer strategy, Parv expression was reduced (from approximately 0.12 to approximately 0.016 mmol/L), slow relaxation redressed, and shortening amplitude maintained (T50R=33.9+/-1.6 ms, sarcomere shortening amplitude=132.2+/-7.0 nm in A63V+PVdelayed; n=56). Transgenic mice expressing the E180G alpha-Tm mutation and mice expressing Parv in the heart were crossed. In isolated adult myocytes, the alpha-Tm mutation alone (E180G+/PV-) had slower sarcomere relengthening kinetics than the controls (T90R: 199+/-7 ms in E180G+/PV-, 130+/-4 ms in E180G-/PV-; n=71 to 72), but when coexpressed with Parv, cellular relaxation was faster (T90R: 36+/-4 ms in E180G+/PV+). Collectively, these findings show that slow relaxation caused by alpha-Tm mutants can be corrected by modifying calcium handling with Parv.
Increasing Trend of Outpatient Management of Children With Newly Diagnosed IDDM: Colorado IDDM Registry, 1978–1988
Authors: Jill N Kostraba, Elizabeth C Gay, Marian Rewers, H Peter Chase, Georgeanne J Klingensmith, Richard F Hamman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective –To examine the management of newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Colorado over time and to determine the prevalence of outpatient care at IDDM diagnosis on a statewide basis. Research Design and Methods –The Colorado IDDM Registry was used to assess medical care at the diagnosis of IDDM in 1182 patients &amp;lt; 18 yr of age between 1978 and 1988. Results –Twenty-three percent of children with IDDM in Colorado reported never being hospitalized during the diagnosis period. Treatment of IDDM at diagnosis (outpatient vs. inpatient) did not differ by age, sex, or ethnicity/race. Patients living in rural counties were less likely to have been treated as outpatients at diagnosis than those living in urban counties. Physicians at specialized diabetes clinics (e.g., The Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes and The Childrens Hospital) were more likely to treat newly diagnosed children in an outpatient setting than physicians not affiliated with these clinics. The proportion of patients receiving only outpatient care at IDDM diagnosis increased from 6% in 1978 to 35% in 1988. This increase can be attributed to three factors: 1) an increase in the number of Colorado children diagnosed at The Barbara Davis Center, where outpatient care is strongly advocated; 2) a change in treatment practices at The Childrens Hospital away from routine hospitalization at onset; and 3) a steady increase in outpatient care for newly diagnosed diabetic children by physicians who were not affiliated with the aforementioned specialized diabetes clinics. Conclusions –The relatively new practice of outpatient care at diagnosis of IDDM increased between 1978 and 1988 in Colorado, in both specialized diabetes clinics and physicians' practices not affiliated with specialized clinics.
The impact of intracoronary radiation on in-stent restenosis involving ostial lesions
Authors: Andrew E. Ajani, Edouard Cheneau, R.Larry White, Hongsheng Wu, Hamid Yazdi, George Aggrey, Dancia Langley, Ellen Pinnow, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Joseph Lindsay, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Effective Inhibition of Experimental Human Ovarian Cancers with a Targeted Cytotoxic Bombesin Analogue AN-215
Authors: Jörg B. Engel, Gunhild Keller, Andrew V. Schally, Gabor Halmos, Brian Hammann, Attila Nagy
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: To determine whether the cytotoxic analogue of bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) AN-215 can inhibit the in vivo growth of four human ovarian cancer cell lines. AN-215 consists of 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin (AN-201), a superactive derivative of doxorubicin linked to a bombesin antagonist carrier des-D-Tpi-RC-3095. This conjugate binds strongly to receptors for bombesin/GRP and can be targeted to tumors that express these receptors. Bombesin/GRP receptors are found in 77% of human ovarian cancer specimens. Experimental Design: Nude mice bearing xenografts of ES-2, SKOV-3, OV-1063, and UCI-107 human ovarian carcinomas were treated with AN-215. The antitumor effects and the toxicity were determined. The expression of bombesin receptor subtypes was measured by reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis, and the presence of bombesin/GRP receptors was determined by radioligand binding assays. Results: AN-215 significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) inhibited growth of ES-2, OV-1063, and UCI-107 tumors, prevented the metastatic spread of ES-2 cancers, and prolonged the survival of nude mice bearing i.p. ES-2 xenografts. Cytotoxic radical AN-201, the unconjugated mixture of bombesin antagonist RC-3095 and AN-201 or RC-3095 alone had no significant effects. Blockade of bombesin/GRP receptors abolished the effect of AN-215. The expression of bombesin/GRP receptors was not changed after repeated treatment with AN-215. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that targeted chemotherapy with cytotoxic bombesin/GRP analogue AN-215 can inhibit ovarian tumors, which express bombesin/GRP receptors. AN-215 might provide a new treatment modality for women with advanced ovarian carcinoma.
Continuous Arteriovenous Hemofiltration in the Critically Ill Patient
Authors: ALLAN LAUER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration is an extracorporeal technique for the treatment of fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances and for the removal of urea nitrogen. This technique is especially applicable in critically ill patients with hemodynamic instability. A special filter and modified hemodialysis blood lines can easily and rapidly be attached to a patient. No special blood access is needed. Fluids and solutes are removed from the patient by ultrafiltration. A net filtration pressure inside the filter causes an ultrafiltrate to form. The extracorporeal circuit can be kept in place for hours or days.
Metabolic Control in Adolescent Girls
Authors: Sherry Maharaj, Denis Daneman, Marion Olmsted, Gary Rodin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—This study investigated whether intimacy and autonomy in mother-daughter interactions and relational aspects of the self are associated with metabolic control in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This cross-sectional study included 88 girls with diabetes (mean age 14.9 ± 2.2 years, diabetes duration 7.1 ± 3.9 years, and HbA1c 8.9 ± 1.6%) from the Diabetes Clinic at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto and their mothers. Teens completed a self-report measure assessing self-concept in eight domain-specific areas. Mothers and daughters engaged in a 7-min, videotaped, problem-solving task involving a diabetes-related conflict issue. Interactions were rated using a macroanalytic rating system to assess intimacy and autonomy in parent-teen relationships. Metabolic control was measured using HbA1c. RESULTS—Self-concept in domains of perceived behavioral conduct (P = 0.003), social acceptance (P = 0.03), romantic appeal (P = 0.03), and close friendships (P = 0.04) independently predicted HbA1c levels, together accounting for 30% of the variance. Also, the experience of emotional closeness (i.e., intimacy) rather than separateness (i.e., autonomy) in mother-daughter relationships was associated with lower HbA1c (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS—Relational aspects of the self and the experience of emotional closeness in relationships are associated with metabolic control in adolescent girls. Efforts to improve metabolic control in girls should include enhancing the self-concept and the experience of relatedness in familial, peer, and patient-caregiver relationships.
Myocardial Infarction in a National-Class Swimmer
Authors: Peter G. Hanson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

MYOCARDIAL infarction (MI) and sudden death are periodically reported in previously healthy young adults during strenuous exercise or athletic competition. The majority of these cases are explained by latent coronary atherosclerosis, anomalous coronary morphological conditions, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.<sup>1</sup>However, exercise-related MI may also occur in young persons without apparent abnormalities of coronary or myocardial structure.<sup>2-4</sup>A nontransmural MI occurred in a national-caliber swimmer during intense training. Subsequent cardiac catheterization and radionuclide angiographic studies disclosed patent coronary arteries and normal ventricular function. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 20-year-old man, who was a varsity swimmer, complained of severe substernal chest pain while performing a routine 15-km training session. The pain was unaffected by his position or breathing movements are gradually resolved after one hour of rest. He remained asymptomatic until 3 AM the following morning, when he was awakened by similar pain that prompted medical attention. He denied having a
Screening for Hematuria-Reply
Authors: Richard J. Pels
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Both correspondents seem confident that dipstick screening for hematuria will do more good than harm. Dr Lambird's analysis of costs and benefits is based on several unwarranted assumptions. His estimates of the rates of positive screening tests and the likelihood of disease among those who screen positive apparently are derived by summing the five studies listed in Table 1 of our original article. This approach gives undue weight to two large studies that included predominantly young male military recruits with very low rates of hematuria. Hence, he markedly understates the morbidity and cost associated with unnecessary workups. Similarly, he ignores potential ill effects from radiation exposure, the equivalent of about 15 chest roentgenograms per intravenous pyelogram. Finally, his estimates of increased cure rates due to early detection are purely speculative. Overall, the predominance of evidence suggests that in those younger than age 60 years, dipstick testing for hematuria
Berberine analogue IMB-Y53 improves glucose-lowering efficacy by averting cellular efflux especially P-glycoprotein efflux
Authors: Yong-Qiang Shan, Gang Ren, Yan-Xiang Wang, Jing Pang, Zhi-Yun Zhao, Jing Yao, Xue-Fu You, Shu-Yi Si, Dan-Qing Song, Wei-Jia Kong, Jian-Dong Jiang
Journal: Metabolism (2012)