tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Function and Health-related Quality of Life in Survivors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: James Orme, Joshua S. Romney, Ramona O. Hopkins, Donna Pope, Karen J. Chan, George Thomsen, Robert O. Crapo, Lindell K. Weaver
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Although survival rates for acute respiratory distress syndrome have increased, there is only limited information regarding the quality of life and the relationship between quality of life and pulmonary function after survival. We prospectively measured pulmonary function, emotional function, and health-related quality of life in a cohort of acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors recruited from patients who were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of high versus low tidal volume mechanical ventilation at 1 year after their recovery. No significant differences were found between the patients treated with high and low tidal volumes on any pulmonary function measure. Approximately 80% of the patients in both groups demonstrated reduced diffusing capacity; 20% had airflow obstruction, and 20% had chest restriction. Scores on measures of depression and anxiety were within the normal ranges, suggesting that they did not have significant affective symptoms. However, both groups reported decreased health-related quality of life in physical functioning, physical ability to maintain their roles (role-physical), bodily pain, general health, and vitality (energy) on the Medical Outcome Study Short Form Health Survey with similar physical limitations reported on the Sickness Impact Profile questionnaire. The pulmonary function abnormalities correlated with decreased health-related quality of life for domains reflecting physical function. Acute respiratory distress syndrome survivors treated with high and low tidal volumes have abnormal pulmonary function that was related to decreased health-related quality of life 1 year after hospital discharge.
A Gold(III) Porphyrin Complex with Antitumor Properties Targets the Wnt/β-catenin Pathway
Authors: Kim Hei-Man Chow, Raymond Wai-Yin Sun, Janice B.B. Lam, Carrie Ka-Lei Li, Aimin Xu, Dik-Lung Ma, Ruben Abagyan, Yu Wang, Chi-Ming Che
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Gold(III) complexes have shown promise as antitumor agents, but their clinical usefulness has been limited by their poor stability under physiological conditions. A novel gold(III) porphyrin complex [5-hydroxyphenyl-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrinato gold(III) chloride (gold-2a)] with improved aqueous stability showed 100-fold to 3,000-fold higher cytotoxicity than platinum-based cisplatin and IC50 values in the nanomolar range in a panel of human breast cancer cell lines. Intraductal injections of gold-2a significantly suppressed mammary tumor growth in nude mice. These effects are attributed, in part, to attenuation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling through inhibition of class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. These data, in combination with computer modeling, suggest that gold-2a may represent a promising class of anticancer HDAC inhibitor preferentially targeting tumor cells with aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cancer Res; 70(1); 329–37
Rectal sensorimotor dysfunction in patients with urge faecal incontinence: evidence from prolonged manometric studies
Authors: C L H Chan
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Although external anal sphincter dysfunction is the major cause of urge faecal incontinence, approximately 50% of such patients have evidence of rectal hypersensitivity and report exaggerated stool frequency and urgency. The contribution of rectosigmoid contractile activity to the pathophysiology of this condition is unclear, and thus the relations between symptoms, rectal sensation, and rectosigmoid motor function were investigated. <b>Methods:</b> Fifty two consecutive patients with urge faecal incontinence, referred to a tertiary surgical centre, and 24 volunteers, underwent comprehensive anorectal physiological investigation, including prolonged rectosigmoid manometry. Patients were classified on the basis of balloon distension thresholds into those with rectal hypersensitivity (n = 27) and those with normal rectal sensation (n = 25). Automated quantitative analysis of overall rectosigmoid contractile activities and, specifically, high amplitude contractions and rectal motor complex activity was performed. <b>Results:</b> External anal sphincter dysfunction was similar in both patient groups. Overall, phasic activity and high amplitude contraction frequency were greater, and rectal motor complex variables significantly altered, in those with rectal hypersensitivity. Symptoms, more prevalent in the rectal hypersensitivity group, were also more often associated with rectosigmoid contractile events. For individuals, reduced compliance and increased rectal motor complex frequency were only observed in patients with rectal hypersensitivity. <b>Conclusions:</b> We have identified a subset of patients with urge faecal incontinence—namely, those with rectal hypersensitivity—who demonstrated increased symptoms, enhanced perception, reduced compliance, and exaggerated rectosigmoid motor activity. Comprehensive assessment of rectosigmoid sensorimotor function, in addition to evaluation of anal function, should be considered in the investigation of patients with urge faecal incontinence.
Novel biomaterials for bisphosphonate delivery
Authors: Solen Josse, Corinne Faucheux, A. Soueidan, Gaël Grimandi, Dominique Massiot, Bruno Alonso, Pascal Janvier, Samia Laı̈b, Paul Pilet, Olivier Gauthier, Guy Daculsi, Jérôme Guicheux, Bruno Bujoli, Jean-Michel Bouler
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
The Evolution of Milk Casein Genes from Tooth Genes before the Origin of Mammals
Authors: K. Kawasaki, A.-G. Lafont, J.-Y. Sire
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2011)

Caseins are among cardinal proteins that evolved in the lineage leading to mammals. In milk, caseins and calcium phosphate (CaP) form a huge complex called casein micelle. By forming the micelle, milk maintains high CaP concentrations, which help altricial mammalian neonates to grow bone and teeth. Two types of caseins are known. Ca-sensitive caseins (αs- and β-caseins) bind Ca but precipitate at high Ca concentrations, whereas Ca-insensitive casein (κ-casein) does not usually interact with Ca but instead stabilizes the micelle. Thus, it is thought that these two types of caseins are both necessary for stable micelle formation. Both types of caseins show high substitution rates, which make it difficult to elucidate the evolution of caseins. Yet, recent studies have revealed that all casein genes belong to the secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein (SCPP) gene family that arose by gene duplication. In the present study, we investigated exon–intron structures and phylogenetic distributions of casein and other SCPP genes, particularly the odontogenic ameloblast–associated (ODAM) gene, the SCPP-Pro-Gln-rich 1 (SCPPPQ1) gene, and the follicular dendritic cell secreted peptide (FDCSP) gene. The results suggest that contemporary Ca-sensitive casein genes arose from a putative common ancestor, which we refer to as CSN1/2. The six putative exons comprising CSN1/2 are all found in SCPPPQ1, although ODAM also shares four of these exons. By contrast, the five exons of the Ca-insensitive casein gene are all reminiscent of FDCSP. The phylogenetic distribution of these genes suggests that both SCPPPQ1 and FDCSP arose from ODAM. We thus argue that all casein genes evolved from ODAM via two different pathways; Ca-sensitive casein genes likely originated directly from SCPPPQ1, whereas the Ca-insensitive casein genes directly differentiated from FDCSP. Further, expression of ODAM, SCPPPQ1, and FDCSP was detected in dental tissues, supporting the idea that both types of caseins evolved as Ca-binding proteins. Based on these findings, we propose two alternative hypotheses for micelle formation in primitive milk. The conserved biochemical characteristics in caseins and their immediate ancestors also suggest that many slight genetic modifications have created modern caseins, proteins vital to the sustained success of mammals.
The regulation of the ratio of the cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume in sheep
Authors: J. M VAN ROOYEN, J J. VAN DER WALT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Journal Article The regulation of the ratio of the cardiopulmonary blood volume to stroke volume in sheep Get access JOHANNES M VAN ROOYEN, JOHANNES M VAN ROOYEN From the Institute for Physiological Research, Department of Physiology (168), Potchefstroom University for CHE, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa Address for correspondence and reprints: J J van der Walt, Department of Physiology (168), PU for CHE, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J JURGENS VAN DER WALT J JURGENS VAN DER WALT From the Institute for Physiological Research, Department of Physiology (168), Potchefstroom University for CHE, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 23, Issue 5, May 1989, Pages 453–459, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/23.5.453 Published: 01 May 1989 Article history Accepted: 24 January 1989 Published: 01 May 1989
Alexithymia and Personality in Relation to Dimensions of Psychopathology
Authors: Hans Joergen Grabe, Carsten Spitzer, Harald Juergen Freyberger
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the capacity of alexithymia to predict a broad range of psychiatric symptoms relative to that of other personality dimensions, age, and gender. METHOD: The Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Temperament and Character Inventory, and the SCL-90-R were administered to 254 psychiatric patients. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: The difficulties identifying feelings factor of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale significantly predicted all SCL-90-R subscale scores and was particularly effective, relative to the personality dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory, in predicting somatization. The Temperament and Character Inventory dimensions emerged as distinct and conceptually meaningful predictors for the different SCL-90-R subscales. CONCLUSIONS: A broad range of current psychopathology is associated with difficulties in cognitively processing emotional perceptions. Further research needs to clarify whether alexithymia represents a risk factor for mental illness and poorer outcome.
Oxygen supplementation before or after submaximal exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: K Nandi
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Evidence for improved exercise tolerance or relief of breathlessness by short term use of oxygen before or after exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is scant, and guidelines for this treatment are lacking despite widespread provision in the UK.The effect of oxygenation either before or after exercise on perception of breathlessness and walk distance was studied in a group of patients with moderate to severe COPD (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) 34% of predicted, mean 6 minute walk distance on air 283 m), all of whom desaturated by at least 4% on submaximal exercise. Oxygen (28%) or air was delivered double blind and in random order, either for 5 minutes before a standard 6 minute walk test (n=34) or for 5 minutes following the end of the test (n=18). Exercise tolerance was measured as the distance achieved and breathlessness was assessed using visual analogue scales (VAS) which were scored before and after exercise and during recovery.No increase in mean walk distance after oxygen (288 v 283 m) and no improvement in mean breathlessness scores (58 v 54 mm) or recovery times occurred with oxygen taken either before (177 v 184 seconds) or after exercise (182 v 151 seconds).This group of patients with COPD derived no physiological or symptomatic benefit from oxygen breathed for short periods before or after submaximal exercise. Domiciliary oxygen should only be prescribed for such patients if they have shown objective evidence of benefit on exercise testing.
Proteins and insulin release.
Authors: R J Jarrett
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Cardiac Failure and Folate Deficiency SIR,-Your interesting leading article on cardiac failure and folate deficiency (24 January, p. 188) commented on the possible causes of this association, and factors like impaired dietary intake and gastrointestinal malabsorption were mentioned.A contributory cause could well be excessive folate loss in the urine.Urinary folate excretion has been poorly studied, but we recently re- ported an unexpected increase of urinary folate in association with congestive cardiac failure.'As much as 61 6,tg.folate was lost per day, while normal controls excreted 0-1-18-0,ug.folate per day.Urinary folate loss is unlikely to be the sole cause of folate deficiency in these patients, but could well be an important contributory factor in a patient with pro- longed anorexia.One could speculate that excessive urinary folate results from ab- normal folate liberation secondary to the liver damage of chronic congestive failure.Urinary folate excretion is increased in cirrhosis and acute hepatitis' and also after surgical trauma.2-Iam, etc.,
Hunting for cancer in the microbial jungle
Authors: Pauline Funchain, Eng Charis
Journal: Genome Medicine (2013)

In a time when the fragility of the global ecosystem is a hot topic, the macrosystem of global environmental problems parallels the microcosm of the biomedical sphere known as the human body. We are beginning to understand that the safari of a world that inhabits our bodies is highly diverse and sensitive to host-environment factors, and that perturbations of this jungle mirror, and perhaps cause, diseases as disparate as infl ammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and obesity [1-3]. Medically, we have understood the concept of perturbing the human ecosystem for some time. As with monocultures in agriculture, razing the landscape of human prosymbionts has serious medical consequences, usually resulting from re-colonization by a predominant species that was previously held in check by the overall community. For example, courses of antibiotics for urinary tract infections are known triggers of vaginal yeast infections; equally, antibiotics for bacterial pneumonias and bloodstream infections are associated with the ever problematic Clostridium diffi cile diarrhea. Th e suppo sition that disturbing the microenvironment causes disease seems to be supported by the recent proof-of-principle experiment to treat disease by repopulating a devastated ecosystem with a healthy one, resulting in the successful eradication of C.� diffi cile colitis through fecal microbial transplantation [4]. Diversity in the microbial habitat: why is more
β2-Microglobulin deficiency causes a complex immunodeficiency of the innate and adaptive immune system
Authors: Ömür Ardeniz, Susanne Unger, Hüseyin Onay, Sandra Ammann, Caroline Keck, Corina Cianga, Bengü Gerçeker, Bianca Martin, Ilka Fuchs, Ulrich Salzer, Aydan İkincioğulları, Deniz Güloğlu, Tuğrul Dereli, Robert Thimme, Stephan Ehl, Klaus Schwarz, Annette Schmitt-Graeff, Petru Cianga, Paul Fisch, Klaus Warnatz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Pain in the rheumatic diseases
Authors: P W THOMPSON, A. J CARR
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

Pain in the rheumatic diseasesWe were very interested to read Professor Croft's article 1 about pain in the rheumatic diseases because we are interested in studying the relation between patients' perception of disease and objective signs. 2 In the daily management of a cohort of approximately 600 patients with inflammatory arthritis at Poole Hospital we noticed a dissociation between reported pain and objective measures of disease activity in a number of patients.To further study this phenomenon we randomly selected a sample of 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (mean (SD) age = 63 (12) years, 73% rheumatoid factor positive).We looked at the pattern of change of reported pain (10 cm visual analog scale (VAS)), number of swollen joints (EULAR 28 articular index), and serum C reactive protein (CRP, normal <10 mg/l) in the previous two years.We identified a close linear relation in 72 patients.In 18 patients pain was repeatedly reported at not less than 20 mms VAS despite no evidence of disease activity (CRP <10 mg/l and swollen joint count = 0) at any point during their follow up.In 10 patients pain was repeatedly scored as absent despite disease activity markers reflecting joint inflammation (CRP >15 mg/l, with or without >2 swollen joints).Fifteen of 18 patients showing pain but no disease activity were rheumatoid factor positive and there was no obvious diVerence in the degree of joint deformity clinically although detailed assessment of joint damage radiologically was not made.These preliminary data support our contention that, in about one third of patients followed up in a district general hospital, there is a dissociation between reported pain and objective signs of joint inflammation.These diVerences may be related to joint damage in the patients with pain but no disease activity but cannot be so explained in those patients with disease activity but no pain.A more detailed analysis of these patients may reveal the reasons for this dissociation.In the meantime we suggest that rheumatologists might consider managing pain separately from disease activity in some of their patients.We also urge caution in interpreting summated disease activity indices that include pain and joint tenderness as major parts of their score.
Defining the Origins of the NOD-Like Receptor System at the Base of Animal Evolution
Authors: C. Lange, G. Hemmrich, U. C. Klostermeier, J. A. Lopez-Quintero, D. J. Miller, T. Rahn, Y. Weiss, T. C. G. Bosch, P. Rosenstiel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

Distinguishing self from nonself and the onset of defense effector mechanisms upon recognition of pathogens are essential for the survival of all life forms in the animal kingdom. The family of nucleotide -binding and oligomeriszation domain-like receptors (NLRs) was first identified in vertebrates and comprises a group of pivotal sensor protein of the innate immune system for microbial cell wall components or danger signals. Here, we provide first evidence that early diverging metazoans have large and complex NLR repertoires. The cnidarian NACHT/NB-ARC genes include novel combinations of domains, and the number of one specific type (NB-ARC and tetratricopeptide repeat containing) in Hydra is particularly large. We characterize the transcript structure and expression patterns of a selected HyNLR, HyNLR type 1 and describe putative interaction partners. In a heterologous expression system, we show induced proximity recruitment of an effector caspase (HyDD-Caspase) to the HyNLR type 1 protein upon oligomerization indicating a potential role of caspase activation downstream of NLR activation in Hydra. These results add substantially to our understanding of the ancestral innate immune repertoire as well as providing the first insights into putative cytoplasmic defense mechanisms at the base of animal evolution.
Adenocarcinoma of the lung mimicking inflammatory lung disease with honeycombing
Authors: S. Lantuejoul, T.V. Colby, G.R. Ferretti, P.Y. Brichon, C. Brambilla, E. Brambilla
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma of the lung and its variants are well-defined entities, since the recent WHO classification of lung tumours. However, scant descriptions have been allocated to associated stromal changes, such as prominent inflammation and fibrosis, which can overshadow a tumoral proliferation and masquerade as a benign reactive process and this has not been recognised as a histopathological variant. The case of a 72-yr-old farmer who presented a multifocal well-differentiated adenocarcinoma that mimicked honeycomb lung with bronchiolectasis radiologically, on computed tomography scan and histologically at open lung biopsy, is reported. Histological pitfalls in the biopsy were represented by mild atypical cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells lining bronchiolar structures resembling florid bronchiolar metaplasia in a background of extensive fibrosis and inflammation, features that mimicked inflammatory honeycombing. However, histological analysis of the surgical resection of the main lesion, performed because of a clinical alteration of the patient, confirmed the diagnosis of multifocal adenocarcinoma of mixed subtype. A monomorphic proliferation of clear cells, lack of associated ciliated or squamous cells and presence of significant cytologic atypia gave a diagnosis of malignancy. This case illustrates how inflammatory and fibrotic changes may conceal a correct diagnosis of carcinoma and emphasises the importance of adequate sampling in such cases.
CD40 stimulation sensitizes CLL cells to lysosomal cell death induction by type II anti-CD20 mAb GA101
Authors: Margot Jak, Gregor G. W. van Bochove, Eric A. Reits, Wouter W. Kallemeijn, Jacqueline M. Tromp, Pablo Umana, Christian Klein, Rene A. W. van Lier, Marinus H. J. van Oers, Eric Eldering
Journal: Blood (2011)
Interleukin-13 Induces Tissue Fibrosis by Selectively Stimulating and Activating Transforming Growth Factor β1
Authors: Chun Geun Lee, Robert J. Homer, Zhou Zhu, Sophie Lanone, Xiaoman Wang, Victor Koteliansky, J. Michael Shipley, Philip Gotwals, Paul Noble, Qingsheng Chen, Robert M. Senior, Jack A. Elias
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

Interleukin (IL)-13 is a key mediator of tissue fibrosis caused by T helper cell type 2 inflammation. We hypothesized that the fibrogenic effects of IL-13 are mediated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. To test this hypothesis we compared the regulation of TGF-β in lungs from wild-type mice and CC10-IL-13 mice in which IL-13 overexpression causes pulmonary fibrosis. IL-13 selectively stimulated TGF-β1 production in transgenic animals and macrophages were the major site of TGF-β1 production and deposition in these tissues. IL-13 also activated TGF-β1 in vivo. This activation was associated with decreased levels of mRNA encoding latent TGF-β–binding protein-1 and increased mRNA encoding urinary plasminogen activator, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and CD44. TGF-β1 activation was abrogated by the plasmin/serine protease antagonist aprotinin. It was also decreased in progeny of crosses of CC10-IL-13 mice and MMP-9 null mice but was not altered in crosses with CD44 null animals. IL-13–induced fibrosis was also significantly ameliorated by treatment with the TGF-β antagonist soluble TGFβR-Fc (sTGFβR-Fc). These studies demonstrate that IL-13 is a potent stimulator and activator of TGF-β1 in vivo. They also demonstrate that this activation is mediated by a plasmin/serine protease- and MMP-9–dependent and CD44-independent mechanism(s) and that the fibrogenic effects of IL-13 are mediated, in great extent, by this TGF-β pathway.
Phase II/III study of second-line chemotherapy comparing irinotecan-alone with S-1 plus irinotecan in advanced gastric cancer refractory to first-line treatment with S-1 (JACCRO GC-05)
Authors: K. Tanabe, M. Fujii, K. Nishikawa, C. Kunisaki, A. Tsuji, N. Matsuhashi, A. Takagane, T. Ohno, T. Kawase, M. Kochi, K. Yoshida, Y. Kakeji, W. Ichikawa, K. Chin, M. Terashima, M. Takeuchi, T. Nakajima
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)