tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF PATIENT AND LESION COMPLEXITY IN CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF SECOND–GENERATION EVEROLIMUS–ELUTING STENTS VERSUS ZOTAROLIMUS–ELUTING RESOLUTE STENTS IN REAL–WORLD PRACTICE: PATIENT–RELATED AND STENT–RELATED OUTCOMES FROM THE MULTICENTER PROSPECTIVE EXCELLENT AND RESOLUTE–KOREA REGISTRIES
Authors: Joo Myung Lee, Kyung Woo Park, Si–Hyuck Kang, Hyo–Suk Ahn, Han–Mo Yang, Hae–Young Lee, Hyun–Jae Kang, Bon Kwon Koo, Janghyun Cho, Hyeon Cheol Gwon, Sung Yun Lee, In–Ho Chae, Tae–Jin Youn, Jei–Keon Chae, Kyoo–Rok Han, CheolWoong Yu, Hyo–Soo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Diabetes Complications and Glycemk Control: The Pittsburgh Prospective Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Cohort Study Status Report After 5 yr of IDDM
Authors: Joyce A D'Antonio, Demetrius Ellis, Bernard H Doft, Dorothy J Becker, Allan L Drash, Lewis H Kuller, Trevor J Orchard
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

The relationship between glycemic control and complications of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) remains controversial. With the use of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA,) to assess glycemic control from diagnosis onward, the Pittsburgh Prospective Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Cohort Study prospectively evaluated 80 new cases of IDDM diagnosed at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. This study presents findings in 62 patients at 5 yr postdiagnosis. Only 7 patients, all girls, had any retinopathy (microaneurysms). These subjects had an elevated 5-yr mean HbA1 compared to those with no retinopathy (13.0 vs. 11.7%; P &amp;lt; .05). Six female subjects who had an elevated albumin excretion rate (AER; &amp;gt;20 μg/min) had a higher 5-yr mean HbA, (13.3%) than the 26 subjects with AER &amp;lt;20 |xg/min (11.8%; P &amp;lt; .05). Current HbA1 was correlated with AER (r = +.36, P &amp;lt; .05) and systolic blood pressure (r = +.49, P &amp;lt; .01) in females. However, these associations were not observed in males. Positive correlations were found between HbA1 (5-yr mean and current) and serum triglyceride and cholesterol, but only in females was HbA1 inversely related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, HbA1 was independent of sex, HLA-DR type, and urine C-peptide status. Age adjustment did not change the above results. These analyses suggest that glycemic control is related to AER, systolic blood pressure, presence of microaneurysms, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations during the first 5 yr of IDDM. However, these associations appear to be predominant in girls.
Pico research for pico doctors
Authors: N Manassiev
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Rapid responses in many cases resemble radio phone-ins, where people take up time without having anything much to say. In the rare instance when they do have something to say, I suspect that the people in a position to change things don’t take any notice.

BMJ pico is pico minded.1 As in bite size education, pico size education is for pico size …
To lift or not to lift? That is the question
Authors: B. Rembacken
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

In 1994 Uno et al. [1] first described the ”non-lifting sign”, a simple and cheap method for recognizing lesions which can be resected endoscopically. The authors concluded that if a lesion could be lifted with submucosal saline, it was almost certain that it was not an invasive cancer. Conversely, the non-lifting sign had a positive predictive value of 83 % for the lesion being an invasive cancer. The method was widely adopted because the technique was simple and because no expensive equipment was required.
Gastroscopic screening in 80 patients with pernicious anaemia.
Authors: R W Stockbrugger, G G Menon, J O Beilby, R R Mason, P B Cotton
Journal: Gut (1983)

We have studied 80 patients with pernicious anaemia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (with biopsy and cytology) showed no lesion other than atrophic gastritis in 34 patients. Thirty three patients, however, had varying degrees of gastric mucosal dysplasia, which was detected more frequently by histology than by cytology. The endoscopic appearance of the mucosa was abnormal in four of the six patients with moderate dysplasia, and in all three patients with severe dysplasia. One patient was found to have a small carcinoma in the gastric antrum, and underwent total gastrectomy; 18 patients had polyps (often multiple); four of these were treated by endoscopic polypectomy. One of the patients with polyps had multiple carcinoid tumours, and an asymptomatic parathyroid adenoma. Seventeen of the patients also underwent barium meal examination; abnormalities were revealed in only three of the seven patients with lesions visible at endoscopy. Our results justify further endoscopic studies in patients with pernicious anaemia, and sequential examinations to establish the natural history of gastric dysplasia.
Re: Hessels D, Klein Gunnewiek JMT, van Oort I, Karthaus HFM, van Leenders GJL, van Balken B, Kiemeney LA, Witjes JA, Schalken JA. DD3PCA3-based molecular urine analysis for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2003;44:8?16
Authors: Monika Jung, Chuanliang Xu, Jan Spethmann, Manfred Johannsen, Serdar Deger, Carsten Stephan, Stefan A Loening, Klaus Jung
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Antiplatelet treatment in elderly people with transient ischaemic attacks or ischaemic strokes
Authors: J. Sivenius, P. J R. Sr, M. Laakso
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Pain scores and preferences of blood sampling method of 55 patients whose blood was collected with both arterial and capillary puncture Arterial Capillary Without anaesthetic for arterial puncture (n-29): Median pain score (interquartile range) 7-0 (5-5 to 8O0) 30 (1-5 to 4-0) Median difference (interquartile range) 5 0 (3 0 to 6 0) Significance P <0001 No of patients preferring either sampling method* 1 25 With anaesthetic for arterial puncture (n=26): Median pain score (interquartile range) 2-0 (O to 3 25) 1 0 (0 to 2 25) Median difference (interquartile range) 0 (0 to 2 0) Significance P < 0-02 No ofpatients preferring either sampling methodt 2 12*Three patients had no preference.tTwelve patients had no preference.
THE EFFECT OF HEMOGLOBIN INJECTIONS ON ERYTHROPOIESIS AND ERYTHROCYTE SIZE IN RABBITS RENDERED ANEMIC BY BLEEDING
Authors: D. K. Miller, C. P. Rhoads
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

1. An anemia characterized by increased size of the red blood cells and a high color index was produced in rabbits by repeated bleeding and by the subcutaneous injection of stroma-free hemoglobin solution. 2. The bone marrow of these rabbits reverted to a more primitive stage than did the marrows of rabbits rendered anemic in the same manner but not treated with hemoglobin.
A Comparison of Fish Oil or Corn Oil Supplements in Hyperlipidemic Subjects with NIDDM
Authors: Wanda A Morgan, Philip Raskin, Julio Rosenstock
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects on blood lipids and glycemic control of fish oil and corn oil supplementation at two levels in subjects with hyperlipidemia and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Forty subjects (18 men and 22 women; aged 53.9 ± 7.0 years) with NIDDM and hyperlipidemia were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: 9 g of fish oil, 18 g of fish oil, 9 g of corn oil, or 18 g of corn oil daily supplementation for 12 weeks. RESULTS The level of oil supplements (9 g compared with 18 g) did not have a significant effect within each oil group on glycemic control and lipids. Significant differences (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in lipids were found when the 9-g and 18-g groups were combined. In subjects consuming fish oil, plasma very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (P = 0.0001), plasma triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.0001), and plasma VLDL TGs (P = 0.02 at 6 weeks and P = 0.0001 at 12 weeks) were significantly lowered compared with subjects consuming corn oil. Plasma VLDL cholesterol increased across time in the corn oil group (P = 0.04). Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was temporarily increased (P = 0.008) in the fish oil group at 6 weeks, but the effect was no longer present at 12 weeks. No significant differences between fish oil–or corn oil-supplemented diets were found in total plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated HbA1c, weight, and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS In this study, fish oil supplementation improved plasma VLDL cholesterol, VLDL TGs, and total TGs while having a transient deterioration in LDL cholesterol in subjects with NIDDM. Furthermore, fish oil supplementation had no significant deleterious effect on glycemic control.
Angiotensin receptor blocker in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction with preserved left ventricular systolic function: prospective cohort study
Authors: J. H. Yang, J.-Y. Hahn, Y. B. Song, S.-H. Choi, J.-H. Choi, S. H. Lee, M.-H. Jeong, D.-J. Choi, J. S. Park, H. S. Park, H.-C. Gwon
Journal: BMJ (2014)

To investigate the association between treatment with an angiotensin receptor blocker and clinical outcomes in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction with preserved left ventricular systolic function.A prospective cohort study using data from a nationwide large scale registry.53 hospitals involved in treatment of acute myocardial infarction in Korea.Between November 2005 and September 2010, we studied 6698 patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention and had a left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 40%.Cardiac death or myocardial infarction. Patients were divided into an angiotensin receptor blocker group (n=1185), an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor group (n=4564), and a group who did not receive any renin angiotensin system blocker (n=949). Propensity score matching analysis was also performed.Cardiac death or myocardial infarction occurred in 21 patients (1.8%) in the angiotensin receptor blocker group, 77 patients (1.7%) in the ACE inhibitor group, and 33 patients (3.5%) in the no renin angiotensin system blocker group. After propensity score matching (1175 pairs), there was no significant difference in the rate of cardiac death or myocardial infarction between the angiotensin receptor blocker group and ACE inhibitor group (21 (1.8%) v 23 (2.0%), adjusted hazard ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval 0.30 to 1.38; P=0.65). The angiotensin receptor blocker group had a lower rate of cardiac death or myocardial infarction than the no renin angiotensin system blocker group in matched populations (803 pairs) (14 (1.7%) v 25 (3.1%), 0.35, 0.14 to 0.90; P=0.03).Angiotensin receptor blocker showed beneficial effects comparable with ACE inhibitors in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction with preserved left ventricular systolic function. Angiotensin receptor blockers could be used as an alternative to ACE inhibitors in such patients.
Diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: the Framingham study.
Authors: W B Kannel, D L McGee
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The impact of cardiovascular disease was compared in non-diabetics and diabetics in the Framingham cohort. In the first 20 years of the study about 6% of the women and 8% of the men were diagnosed as diabetics. The incidence of cardiovascular disease among diabetic men was twice that among non-diabetic men. Among diabetic women the incidence of cardiovascular disease was three times that among non-diabetic women. Judging from a comparison of standardized coefficients for the regression of incidence of cardiovascular disease on specified risk factors, there is no indication that the relationship of risk factors to the subsequent development of cardiovascular disease is different for diabetics and non-diabetics. This study suggests that the role of diabetes as a cardiovascular risk factor does not derive from an altered ability to contend with known risk factors.
Thalidamide for IPF-associated cough
Authors: Peter Kardos
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Thalidamide for IPF-associated coughThis small, randomised twelve-week crossover trial based at Johns Hopkins in Baltimore, USA, assessed the efficacy of thalidomide versus placebo on cough in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).This drug when previously given as Contergan for hyperemesis gravidarum led to birth defects; however, it is now approved for the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma and other malignant diseases.After performing a phase 2 trial ( published in 2008), the authors enrolled 25 mildmoderate IPF patients (20 completed) suffering from cough adversely affecting their quality of life.The Cough Quality of Life Questionnaire (CQLQ) was the primary outcome comparing CQLQ scores in those taking placebo and those on thalidomide.The CQLQ has 28 items on a 4-point Likert scale.The mean score improved from 60.5 (12.0) to 58.7 (14.0) under placebo, and to 47.2 (13.4) after treatment with thalidomide 50-100 mg od; treatment difference -11.4 (-15.7 to -7.0).This is a large and significant effect.Secondary outcomes included significant improvements of the cough VAS score of -31.2 points and SGRQ total score -11.7 points; a value far above the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of 4 units, seldom achieved in pharmacological trials.The large effect size is spectacular, relieving frequently debilitating and intractable cough in IPF.The side effects of the 50-100 mg daily were mild.However, no additional objective cough recording-as suggested in cough assessment guidelines-was performed.Moreover, the Leicester cough questionnaire with established MCID could have also been a useful tool.As yet, no data on the effect of thalidomide on IPF itself are available.
ANTERIOR PITUITARY-LIKE PRINCIPLE IN THE TREATMENT OF MALDESCENT OF THE TESTICLE
Authors: SAMUEL COHN
Journal: JAMA (1934)

In 1932, Engle 1 described the experimental production of descent of the testicle in immature monkeys by the injection of hormones of the anterior pituitary gland or substances obtained from pregnancy urine. Since maldescent of the testicle is a condition for which the physician is not infrequently consulted, it was felt that this observation might open up a new approach to the study and treatment of this developmental defect.  INCIDENCE  The incidence 2 of undescended testicle in army recruits is reported as varying from two to five per thousand applicants. Maldescent apparently occurs more frequently on the right side, since the descent of the left testicle normally precedes that of the right. The condition of maldescent is bilateral in about 25 per cent of the cases.  SURGICAL TREATMENT  Bevan 3 advises that an operation for undescended testicle be performed in the first or second year of life. He does not
NUTRITION OF THE HOST AND NATURAL RESISTANCE TO INFECTION
Authors: Howard A. Schneider
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

The observation has been confirmed that the property of a "natural" diet of whole wheat and whole dried milk to promote a higher survival rate among a stock of outbred, genetically heterogeneous W-Swiss mice subjected to S. typhimurium infection, over that promoted by a "synthetic" diet, is dependent upon a relationship between avirulent and virulent members of the pathogen population. This relationship has now been analyzed in terms of number (interacting doses) and time (interval between interacting doses). On any given diet survivorship has been demonstrated to be a function of the host's experience of the avirulent pathogen; increasing experience, either in dose or time, resulted in increasing survivorship. For a given set of interacting avirulent-virulent doses the rate at which survivorship rose was greater when the "natural" diet was fed than when the "synthetic" diet was fed. This difference in survivorship-increase rates gave rise to differences in survivorship between the two diets. These dietary differences ranged from minimal to maximal with increasing time, and then, as still more time elapsed, back to minimal again. In consequence an optimum time interval was found at which the dietary effect was maximal. This time interval was chosen for assay purposes. The assay method thus arrived at was tested repeatedly for reproducibility, and statistical analysis showed it to be reliable and capable of demonstrating a mean dietary difference in survivorship of 55 per cent. The nature of the relationship established between avirulent and virulent S. typhimurium in mice has been discussed.
The Problem of Unrecognized "Mild Hemophilia"
Authors: Arthur M. Pappas, Joseph S. Barr, Edwin W. Salzman, Anthony Britten, Edward J. Riseborough
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE WORD "HEMOPHILIA" frequently conjures up the picture of a severely disabled boy or adult man, crippled by damage to his joints, and suffering from recurrent life-threatening hemorrhages. Such patients have the disease in its severe form, usually having less than 1% of normal antihemophilic factor (AHF) (factor VIII) plasma thromboplastin component or (PTC) (factor IX). Less well known is the fact that hemophiliacs with a mild form of the disease may be entirely unaware of their disability. These patients usually have more than 5% of the deficient factor, rarely have trouble with their joints, and are often able to lead a full and normal life. They are nevertheless susceptible to severe bleeding, particularly after surgery or major injury; sometimes ignorance of their inherent bleeding tendency can lead to results more serious than those in a known severe hemophiliac with the same type of bleeding because of delay in instituting
A Comparison of Public Attitudes Toward Autopsy, Organ Donation, and Anatomic Dissection
Authors: Margareta Sanner
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate people's reactions to procedures involving the dead body by comparing their attitudes toward autopsy, organ donation, and dissection. <h3>Design.</h3> —Survey, using a questionnaire with 24 items that address reactions toward autopsy, organ donation, and donation of the whole body, including religious and sociodemographic issues. <h3>Participants.</h3> —An age-stratified, random sample of 1950 individuals in Sweden, 18 to 75 years old. The response rate was 65%. <h3>Results.</h3> —Eighty-four percent reported acceptance of an autopsy for themselves and 80% for a close relative. Sixty-two percent were willing to donate their own organs and 39% to donate the organs of a family member; 15% accepted donation of their whole body for dissection. Practically all who accepted dissection also were willing to donate their organs and to be autopsied; practically all who were willing to donate their organs also accepted autopsy. About 65% to 70% felt some discomfort at the thought of autopsy and organ donation. Women seemed more sensitive toward operations on the dead body than men. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The rank order of medical procedures after death, based on the proportion of individuals positive toward the procedures, can be used to form a scale with autopsy and dissection at each end point and organ donation in the middle. This scale has the characteristics of a Guttman scale and can be looked on as a comfort-discomfort continuum regarding procedures involving the dead body. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:284-288)
Familial amyloid with a transthyretin leucine 33 mutation presenting with ascites
Authors: Thomas J. Myers, Robert A. Kyle, Daniel R. Jacobson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

A 65-year-old female presented with symptomatic ascites. Light and electron microscopy examination of omental and peritoneal tissue obtained at exploratory laparotomy revealed amyloidosis. Immunochemical studies of the amyloid tissue showed positive staining with antibodies to transthyretin. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and direct DNA sequencing demonstrated a transthyretin phenylalanine to leucine substitution at codon 33. This is only the second reported case of a transthyretin leucine 33 mutation. Moreover, this patient is unique among cases of transthyretin-associated amyloidosis with the clinical presentation of ascites. Am. J. Hematol. 59:249–251, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
DERMATITIS FROM BUTTER COLORING.
Authors: D. LICHTY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In view of the present interest in pure foods, the following case may be interesting and instructive: <h3>Patient.</h3> —A man, American, aged 63, of medium height, weight 143 pounds. <h3>History.</h3> —The man was acting commissary for his wife, who keeps a large boarding-house. He related that he had been persuaded to purchase some of the numerous brands of spurious butter on the market. As the manufacturer and the seller are not allowed to color these products the retail merchant furnished him with a small capsule of a coloring material, about the size of a 2 grain capsule of quinin, with which he was supposed to tint the product as from the "Meadow Brook Farm" or the "Heather Hills" or "Clover Vales." He hastily slipped this capsule into his trousers pocket and hurried toward home with his purchase. The capsule was not made to withstand autumn temperature and body humidity and
Regulation of ZAP-70 Activation and TCR Signaling by Two Related Proteins, Sts-1 and Sts-2
Authors: Nick Carpino, Steve Turner, Divya Mekala, Yutaka Takahashi, Heesuk Zang, Terrence L. Geiger, Peter Doherty, James N. Ihle
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Direct, Continuous Monitoring of Air Pollution by Transgenic Sensor Mice Responsive to Halogenated and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Ayumi Kasai, Nobuhiko Hiramatsu, Kunihiro Hayakawa, Jian Yao, Masanori Kitamura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR, also called the dioxin receptor) plays crucial roles in toxicologic responses of animals to environmental pollutants, especially to halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. To achieve direct, continuous risk assessment of air pollution using biological systems, we generated transgenic sensor mice that produce secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) under the control of AhR.To characterize responses of the mice to AhR agonists, sensor mice were orally administered 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), or beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), and serum levels of SEAP were evaluated. To monitor air pollution caused by cigarette smoke, we placed the mice each day in an experimental smoking room, and evaluated activity of serum SEAP for up to 4 days. Activation of AhR in individual organs was also examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of SEAP.In response to oral exposure to TCDD, sensor mice exhibited dramatic and sustained activation of AhR. The mice also responded sensitively to 3MC, B[a]P, and BNF. Activation of AhR was dose dependent, and the liver was identified as the main responding organ. After exposure to the smoking environment, sensor mice consistently exhibited transient, reversible activation of AhR. RT-PCR analysis of SEAP revealed that activation of AhR occurred predominantly in the lung.We are the first laboratory to demonstrate successfully direct, comprehensive monitoring of air pollution using genetically engineered mammals. The established system would be useful for real risk assessment of halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the air, especially in smoking environments.