tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Avascular Necrosis of the Talus
Authors: ANDREW STROKON, ROBERT LONERAGAN, GEOFFREY S. WORKMAN, HANS VAN DER WALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Persistent pain in the ankle after relatively minor trauma is common and usually resolves spontaneously. Two cases of persistent pain after minor trauma are presented that involved unusual characteristics of scintigraphic and magnetic resonance imaging, compatible with avascular necrosis of the talar body. This is a rare finding in the absence of steroid use or significant trauma to the foot. The unusual vascular anatomy of the talus is considered in the possible mechanism of injury.
Seduced by Death: Doctors, Patients, and the Dutch Cure
Authors: Linda Ganzini
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Dr Herbert Hendin, a psychoanalyst, suicidologist, and executive director of the American Suicide Foundation, is a passionate critic of assisted suicide and euthanasia.<i>Seduced by Death</i>presents his views on many aspects of the euthanasia debate developed from his experience as a therapist of suicidal patients, his investigation of euthanasia in the Netherlands, and his study of legal, ethical, and social issues pertaining to endof-life decision making. The book has two major strengths. First, Hendin is an expert on the psychology of suicidal persons, and his insights into how suicidal persons view their world are woven throughout the text. He contends that terminal illness is not dissimilar to other life crises that provoke suicidality. With cases from his experience as a therapist, he explores the psyches of the suicidal: their ambivalence toward death, the inflexibility of their thinking and difficulties considering alternatives, and the influence of subtle pressures from others
Serum Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>Content and Unsaturated Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>-Binding Capacity in Myeloproliferative Disease
Authors: HARRIET S. GILBERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The serum unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity (UBBC) was found to be of value in distinguishing polycythemia vera from other conditions that are accompanied by an elevated hematocrit or an absolute erythrocytosis and as an indicator of disease activity in polycythemia vera. The serum vitamin B12 level was of lesser value. Increased levels of serum vitamin B12 were observed in 36% and increased levels of UBBC in 70% of patients with untreated polycythemia vera and related myeloproliferative disorders, as contrasted with normal serum vitamin B12 levels in 98% and normal UBBC in 87% of cases of spurious (relative) polycythemia and isolated erythrocytosis (secondary and unclassified polycythemia). Serum vitamin B12 and UBBC levels in polycythemia vera treated only with phlebotomy did not differ from values in untreated cases, whereas patients whose erythroid activity had been controlled by myelosuppressive therapy had levels comparable to those in normal subjects. UBBC values were positively correlated with erythroid activity and leukocyte count. Serial observations indicated that changes in UBBC accompanied and in some cases preceded the occurrence of response and relapse in patients receiving myelosuppressive therapy. Changes in serum B12 levels did not parallel the erythroid response to therapy, nor were B12 levels correlated with the blood count, spleen size, or uric acid values. Chromatographic separation of unsaturated B12 binders showed an increase in both alpha and beta components. The frequent observation of elevated B12 binders without a concomitant rise in serum B12 content in patients with polycythemia vera suggests that some of the B12-binding protein of alpha mobility that is elaborated is abnormal in that it does not bind endogenous vitmain B12.
Cardiac β-adrenoceptor activation and ventricular fibrillation under normal and ischaemic conditions
Authors: B BUIXUAN, J AUPETIT, M FREYSZ, J LOUFOUA, G FAUCON, Q TIMOUR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

To investigate the role of ventricular and atrial β-adrenoceptor activation by isoprenaline in the genesis of rhythm disorders and risk of fibrillation in the healthy or ischaemic heart. Methods: The study was performed in anaesthetized, open-chest pigs. Electrical fibrillation threshold (EFT) of the ventricles was measured with trains of diastolic stimuli of 100 ms duration synchronized with respect to the R-waves and delivered to the myocardium by a subepicardial electrode introduced into the area which could be subjected to ischaemia. Monophasic action potential (MAP) and effective refractory period (ERP) were recorded in the same area. Ischaemia was obtained by complete occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery near its origin during increasing periods (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240 s). Results: At a rate varying according to the action exerted by isoprenaline on the sinus rate, EFT decreased by about 30% in the healthy heart during the infusion of 0.5 μg/kg/min isoprenaline under the influence of the acceleration of cardiac beats. In the ischaemic heart, sinus tachycardia accelerated the fall in EFT and the reduction in MAP duration and resulted sooner in spontaneous ventricular fibrillation. During ventricular pacing at a constant rate of 200 beats/min, isoprenaline raised EFT by nearly 80% in the absence of ischaemia, but this rise was abolished by ischaemia, at least of no-flow type. Conclusions: Tachycardia produced by activation of atrial adrenoceptors decreases EFT in the healthy heart and aggravates its fall in the ischaemic heart. Ventricular adrenoceptor activation counteracts the EFT fall related to tachycardia in the healthy heart, but not in the ischaemic heart. Therefore, the protection against ischaemic fibrillation due to β-blockers would be essentially attributable to their action on the sinus node.
Encapsulating tantalum oxide into polypyrrole nanoparticles for X-ray CT/photoacoustic bimodal imaging-guided photothermal ablation of cancer
Authors: Yushen Jin, Yanyan Li, Xibo Ma, Zhengbao Zha, Liangliang Shi, Jie Tian, Zhifei Dai
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
OP0282 Verbally Administered Patient Global Assessments and Assessments of Disease Activity Demonstrate Good Correlation with Traditional Written Versions: The Talk-the-Line Observational Study
Authors: J. M. Hirsh, I. Quinzanos, A. Keniston, L. Caplan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Patient global assessments (PGA) of disease activity as measured by self-administered visual analog scales (VAS) are widely used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinical practice and research trials. These patient outcome measures facilitate the incorporation of the patient's perspective in assessing disease activity. However, completion of this self-administered instrument requires patients to use a written instrument and comprehend both the wording of the PGA question and the translation of disease activity on to a VAS. These activities present a challenge to patients with limited health literacy, as well as those with neurologic disease, severe deformities, visual impairment or those unable or unwilling to complete forms. <h3>Objectives</h3> To validate PGA-VAS read by patients who provide a verbal numeric response (VO-PGA1) and PGA-VAS read to patients who provide a verbal numeric response (VO-PGA2). We examined PGA-VAS using the language of the multi-dimentional health assessment questionnaire (MD-HAQ) and the disease activity score with 28 joint count (DAS28). <h3>Methods</h3> Subjects meeting the 1987 American Rheumatism Association criteria for rheumatoid arthritis who attended the Denver Health Rheumatology Clinic were enrolled. Patients completed a PGA-VAS at the beginning of their clinical visit and following their clinic visit. Every patient completed the traditional written PGA-VAS and one of the VO-PGA's, and the order of PGA-VAS were randomly assigned. For the VO-PGAs, subjects either read the instructions/question and provided a verbal numeric response (VO-PGA1), had the instructions/question read to them and provided a verbal numeric response (VO-PGA2), or had the instructions/question read to them over the phone immediately following the clinic visit and provided a verbal numeric response (VO-PGA2p). Spearman correlations comparing traditional PGA-VAS's with VO-PGAs were determined for the various responses. <h3>Results</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> Verbally administered PGA-VAS demonstrate good, though not excellent, correlation with traditional PGA-VAS captured on forms. The correlation was similar between PGA-VAS utilizing language of the MD-HAQ compared to that of the DAS28 and administering the PGA-VAS over the phone produced comparable results. Our findings support the adoption of these patient-reported outcomes using verbal approaches, which will serve patients otherwise excluded from traditional means of data collection. Extensive surveys have been completed to identify the source of patient's confusion in completing PGA-VAS and this analysis is ongoing. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
A Cluster-Randomized Trial to Reduce Cesarean Delivery Rates in Quebec
Authors: Nils Chaillet, Alexandre Dumont, Michal Abrahamowicz, Jean-Charles Pasquier, Francois Audibert, Patricia Monnier, Haim A. Abenhaim, Eric Dubé, Marylène Dugas, Rebecca Burne, William D. Fraser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

In Canada, cesarean delivery rates have increased substantially over the past decade. Effective, safe strategies are needed to reduce these rates.We conducted a cluster-randomized, controlled trial of a multifaceted 1.5-year intervention at 32 hospitals in Quebec. The intervention involved audits of indications for cesarean delivery, provision of feedback to health professionals, and implementation of best practices. The primary outcome was the cesarean delivery rate in the 1-year postintervention period.Among the 184,952 participants, 53,086 women delivered in the year before the intervention and 52,265 women delivered in the year following the intervention. There was a significant but small reduction in the rate of cesarean delivery from the preintervention period to the postintervention period in the intervention group as compared with the control group (change, 22.5% to 21.8% in the intervention group and 23.2% to 23.5% in the control group; odds ratio for incremental change over time, adjusted for hospital and patient characteristics, 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80 to 0.99; P=0.04; adjusted risk difference, -1.8%; 95% CI, -3.8 to -0.2). The cesarean delivery rate was significantly reduced among women with low-risk pregnancies (adjusted risk difference, -1.7%; 95% CI, -3.0 to -0.3; P=0.03) but not among those with high-risk pregnancies (P=0.35; P = 0.03 for interaction). The intervention group also had a reduction in major neonatal morbidity as compared with the control group (adjusted risk difference, -0.7%; 95% CI, -1.3 to -0.1; P=0.03) and a smaller increase in minor neonatal morbidity (adjusted risk difference, -1.7%; 95% CI, -2.6 to -0.9; P<0.001). Changes in minor and major maternal morbidity did not differ significantly between the groups.Audits of indications for cesarean delivery, feedback for health professionals, and implementation of best practices, as compared with usual care, resulted in a significant but small reduction in the rate of cesarean delivery, without adverse effects on maternal or neonatal outcomes. The benefit was driven by the effect of the intervention in low-risk pregnancies. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; QUARISMA Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN95086407.).
Comparative Double-blind Trial of Cephalexin and Ampicillin in Treatment of Urinary Infections
Authors: J. A. Davies, J. E. M. Strangeways, R. G. Mitchell, L. J. Beilin, J. G. G. Ledingham, J. M. Holt
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Cephalexin was compared with ampicillin in the treatment of urinary tract infections by a random double-blind technique. Both drugs were found to be equally effective. In 21 out of 31 patients treated with cephalexin and in 20 out of 31 treated with ampicillin the urine was sterile three weeks after starting therapy. The bacteriological findings at one and eight weeks were also similar in both groups. No serious adverse reactions were attributable to cephalexin, which seemed to be tolerated rather better than ampicillin.
Study of a Narcotic Antagonist— N-Allyl-Noroxymorphone
Authors: Max S. Sadove, Reuben C. Balagot, Shigeru Hatano, Eugene A. Jobgen
Journal: JAMA (1963)

N-ALLYL-NOROXYMORPHONE is the allyl derivative of a synthetic narcotic analgesic oxymorphone hydrochloride (Numorphan), which is clinically<sup>1,2</sup>eight to ten times as potent as morphine. In animal studies<sup>3</sup>of this compound, it was found to be ten times as potent as nalorphine hydrochloride and twice as effective as levallorphan in counteracting respiratory depression caused by oxymorphone in rabbits. When the list of narcotic analgesics and antagonists is surveyed, two striking facts stand out: (1) there is a formidable list of narcotic analgesics available as compared to two antagonists, and (2) one antagonist (levallorphan) is definitely more potent than the other (nalorphine). These observations suggest the following possibilities: (1) these antagonists may have group specificity in their effects, and (2) since both have a similar basic structure, other configurations based on the same chemical structure may be more potent narcotic antagonists. The subject of this report— N-allyl-noroxymorphone is a
PRISON STATISTICS OF CANCER
Authors: Frederick L. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The suggestion has occasionally been made that much might be learned from a careful examination of prison mortality records regarding the relative frequency of cancer among convicts. Obviously, such an investigation would have to be confined to institutions for serious offenders, serving relatively long sentences, possibly for life. As a preliminary contribution, I addressed a letter to some of our penal establishments, and the results for four representative institutions are presented here. The investigation covers the decade 1914-1923, and shows in each case the number of convicts under observation and the number of cancer deaths reported among them. For Sing Sing prison, unfortunately, only the average number of convicts is given and placed at 9,600, but the variation in the number actually exposed to risk would probably not be a matter of serious concern. For Sing Sing also the information is only for the last eight years.
Counterblasts to cultural imperialism
Authors: A. Paton
Journal: BMJ (1992)

old questions. The presentation is small format and pleasant, but several of the drawings would benefit from some labelling. Although the book is aimed at non-scientists, many (most?) of its readers will be scientists delighted to find an intelligible summary of a daunting topic: it is a pity, therefore, that no references are given. Finally, there should be a cheaper paperback edition, so that the students who hold the future of medicine can be inspired with an interest in modern embryology.
Blood Gravity and Haemoglobin
Authors: J. Harkness
Journal: BMJ (1947)

CMEDICAL JOURNAL stomatitis with glossitis, were endemic rather than epidemic, nevertheless it was possible to recognize that certain of these clinical entities were more common at one time than at another, and that an increase of one condition did not necessarily herald or accompany an increase of the others.Of course many more conditions could be added to this list by those whose practice led them into contact with .differentclimatic or environmental conditions, as, for example, th.e " human-milk intoxication " of Fehily.' Similar observations have suggested to several workers that the symptoms of vitamin-B deficiency depend not so much on the lack of some specific component of the now large list of vitamins but upon the upset of that fine balance of chemical reactions that constitute the "internal milieu" of the organism, and that this upset of balance can be caused not only by deficient intake of certain components but also by abnormal proportions of such com- ponents in the diet.2
A Carbohydrate Recognition–Based Drug Delivery and Controlled Release System using Intraperitoneal Macrophages as a Cellular Vehicle
Authors: Yuzuru Ikehara, Toru Niwa, Le Biao, Sanae Kabata Ikehara, Norifumi Ohashi, Takeshi Kobayashi, Yoshitaka Shimizu, Naoya Kojima, Hayao Nakanishi
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The lymphoid tissue in the omentum, at the so-called milky spots, is known as an initial place for disseminated cancer cells to develop into solid tumors. In the present study, i.p. macrophages significantly took up oligomannose-coated liposomes (OMLs) that were injected into the peritoneal cavity, and then gradually accumulated in the omentum and the other lymphoid tissues within 24 hours of i.p. injection of OMLs. When 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was encapsulated in the OMLs, &amp;gt;60% of administered 5-FU accumulated in the omentum. Treatment of macrophages at 39°C for 30 minutes led to the release of 5-FU from the macrophages, suggesting that controlled release from macrophages could be achieved by mild hyperthermia. We encased magnetic nanoparticles, which are known to convert electromagnetic energy to heat in the OMLs to achieve in vivo hyperthermia at the site. Using this system in a mouse i.p. metastasis model, we successfully controlled tumor development by coadministration of OML-encased 5-FU and OML-encased magnetic nanoparticles, followed by treatment with an alternating magnetic field. No apparent reduction was seen in tumor growth with the administration of OML-encased magnetic nanoparticles or OML-encased 5-FU alone. Thus, we have established the use of i.p. macrophages as a novel drug delivery system for the control of cancer metastatic to milky spots. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8740-8)
Keratoconjunctivitis as a Diagnostic Aid in Measles
Authors: Alfred L. Florman
Journal: JAMA (1962)

CONJUNCTIVITIS and photophobia are among the classical signs and symptoms of measles. The photophobia usually disappears when the rash fades, and it is thought to be due to keratitis. Every case of measles studied early in its course by Thygeson was found to have keratitis. What is not generally known is that signs of keratoconjunctivitis may appear in the prodromal stages of measles and persist for as long as 3 months. Because these signs may be found even in modified measles, their presence may serve as a useful and prompt clinical aid to diagnosis in doubtful situations. It is the purpose of this communication to describe and differentiate the keratoconjunctivitis of measles as seen by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and to report our experience with 34 children. Origin and Plan of Study Our attention was directed to this condition in the spring of 1961 by 2 children who had complained for several
Overexpression of the Tumor Suppressor Gene Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue Partially Inhibits Wnt-1–Induced Mammary Tumorigenesis
Authors: Hong Zhao, Yongzhi Cui, Joelle Dupont, Hui Sun, Lothar Hennighausen, Shoshana Yakar
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is involved in cell proliferation, adhesion, and apoptosis. PTEN overexpression in mammary epithelium leads to reduced cell number and impaired differentiation and secretion. In contrast, overexpression of the proto-oncogene Wnt-1 in mammary epithelium leads to mammary hyperplasia and subsequently focal mammary tumors. To explore the possibility that PTEN intersects with Wnt-induced tumorigenesis, mice that ectopically express PTEN and Wnt-1 in mammary epithelium were generated. PTEN overexpression resulted in an 11% reduction of Wnt-1–induced tumors within a 12-month period and the onset of tumors was delayed from an average of 5.9 to 7.7 months. The rate of tumor growth, measured from 0.5 cm diameter until the tumors reached 1.0 cm diameter, was increased from 8.4 days in Wnt-1 mice to 17.7 days in Wnt-1 mice overexpressing PTEN. Here we show for the first time in vivo that overexpression of PTEN in the Wnt-1 transgenic mice resulted in a marked decrease in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I receptor levels leading to a reduced IGF-I–mediated mitogenesis. Moreover, the percentage of BrdUrd-positive epithelial nuclei was decreased by 48%. β-Catenin immunoreactivity was significantly decreased and the percentage of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a (stat5a)–positive mammary epithelial cells was increased by 2-fold in Wnt-1 mice overexpressing PTEN. The present study shows that PTEN can partially inhibit the Wnt-1–induced mammary tumorigenesis in early neoplastic stages by blocking the AKT pathway and by reducing the IGF-I receptor levels in mammary gland. This study identifies the PTEN as a therapeutic target for the treatment of mammary cancer and presumably other types of cancer.
Severe Bacteremia Results in a Loss of Hepatic Bacterial Clearance
Authors: Alix Ashare, Martha M. Monick, Linda S. Powers, Timur Yarovinsky, Gary W. Hunninghake
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Although it has been postulated that liver injury results in impaired clearance of bacteria from the blood, no prior study has evaluated hepatic bacterial clearance during sepsis.We hypothesized that liver injury during the evolution of sepsis would result in impaired hepatic bacterial clearance.Mild and severe bacteremia were generated in C57BL/6 mice by low- and high-dose intratracheal inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The mortality rates with mild and severe bacteremia were 20% and 60%, respectively. Hepatic bacterial clearance was preserved throughout the evolution of mild bacteremia but was lost late with severe bacteremia. The loss of hepatic bacterial clearance resulted in increased systemic bacteremia and mortality. Pretreatment with a caspase inhibitor resulted in preservation of hepatic bacterial clearance with severe bacteremia and eventual control of the bacteremia. When Kupffer cells were ablated before the onset of bacteremia, there was a loss of hepatic bacterial clearance. This converted an initially mild bacteremia into severe bacteremia with increased organ injury and mortality.These observations suggest that hepatic bacterial clearance may be lost during the evolution of sepsis, resulting in a failure to control bacteremia. Thus, the capacity of the liver to clear bacteria is an important determinant of the outcome in sepsis.
Methods to identify and characterize developmental neurotoxicity for human health risk assessment. II: neuropathology.
Authors: R H Garman, A S Fix, B S Jortner, K F Jensen, J F Hardisty, L Claudio, S Ferenc
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Neuropathologic assessment of chemically induced developmental alterations in the nervous system for regulatory purposes is a multifactorial, complex process. This calls for careful qualitative and quantitative morphologic study of numerous brains at several developmental stages in rats. Quantitative evaluation may include such basic methods as determination of brain weight and dimensions as well as the progressively more complex approaches of linear, areal, or stereologic measurement of brain sections. Histologic evaluation employs routine stains (such as hematoxylin and eosin), which can be complemented by a variety of special and immunohistochemical procedures. These brain studies are augmented by morphologic assessment of selected peripheral nervous system structures. Studies of this nature require a high level of technical skill as well as special training on the part of the pathologist. The pathologist should have knowledge of normal microscopic neuroanatomy/neuronal circuitry and an understanding of basic principles of developmental neurobiology, such as familiarity with the patterns of physiologic or programmed cell de