tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical governance in primary care: Participating in clinical governance
Authors: M. Pringle
Journal: BMJ (2000)

nine of these had their swabs taken eight or more days after onset of illness.Excluding samples taken after eight days, the sensitivity of PCR compared with any positive diagnosis (PCR, serology, and culture) was 94.2%.Conversely, 12 patients had positive results with PCR, but had negative results with serology.Thus, serology sensitivity compared with any positive result was 88.7%.An additional 10% of samples were positive by PCR in lysis buffer alone.Five of 13 samples that were negative for influenza and that were submitted in the first two weeks of the study were later confirmed by PCR to be rhinovirus infections.
Lower circumcision rates mean higher health costs, US study says
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Circumcision rates for male newborns are decreasing in the United States and will lead to higher health costs and more sexually transmitted diseases, according to a study from Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions published in Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine .1

The study says lower circumcision rates will increase lifetime healthcare costs for men and women in the US, because of increased infections, including HIV. The 20 year decline in circumcisions has already cost the US $2bn (£1.3bn; €1.6bn), says senior study investigator Aaron Tobian. 

“Our economic evidence is backing up what our medical evidence has shown to be perfectly clear. There are health benefits to infant male circumcision in …
TRANSCATHETER HEART VALVE FAILURE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Darren Mylotte, Ali Andalib, Pascal Thériault-Lauzier, Magdalena Dorfmeister, Mina Girgis, Sadaf Mohtashami, Waleed Alharbi, Michael Chetrit, Christos Galatas, Samuel Mamane, Igal Sebag, Jean Buithieu, Benoit de Varennes, Kevin Lachapelle, Joseph Martucci, Ruediger Lange, Nicolo Piazza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Use of a questionnaire in general practice to increase recognition of patients with excessive alcohol consumption.
Authors: J C Cunningham, W C Smith, J D Knox
Journal: BMJ (1985)

SIR,-As much intellectual development takes place in the first four years of life as in the following 13 years, and about 80% of intellectual growth has occurred by the age of 8.1 Fourteen per cent of 3 year olds are not talking properly' and of these, some are deaf or will have been deaf and two fifths will exhibit learning difficulties later on.4These two statements, from reputable sources, have, for many years, been the foundation of my concern about secretory otitis media in preschool childen especially.More recent work reinforces this concern.S 7A puzzling feature of secretory otitis media is the poor correlation among observed hearing loss, performance, and behaviour.Many children cope satisfactorily with hearing impairments which exceed those sustained by many others who do much less well.Part of the explanation may lie in the differing extent to which the quality of the hearing is altered.Observations suggest a possible basis for this alteration.8We have no reliable measure of the quality of hearing in the very young, but anecdotal evidence suggests that it is often faulty.If this is so, it may help to explain why many adults (both medical and non-medical) mis- understand the difficulties sustained by some children with apparently mild hearing impairments, some of whom will respond favourably to insertion of grommets.I believe that the methods of identification of children with hearing difficulties should be reviewed urgently.The result of a hearing test on any one day (pass or fail) must be balanced by considerations of performance and behaviour.If this were done the concentration of effort might be directed more towards those children who are doing badly.A fluctuating impairment of hearing may be of little consequence to a child who is doing well if parents and teachers understand its nature.If Dr N Black's article (29 June, p 1963) results in more critical appraisal and better understanding of secretory otitis media he will have performed a service to many children.If, however, it feeds the prejudices of the cynical the reverse will be true.
RETRACTED: Loss of Metallothionein Predisposes Mice to Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis by Activating NF-κB Target Genes
Authors: Sarmila Majumder, Satavisha Roy, Thomas Kaffenberger, Bo Wang, Stefan Costinean, Wendy Frankel, Anna Bratasz, Periannan Kuppusamy, Tsonwin Hai, Kalpana Ghoshal, Samson T. Jacob
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Metallothioneins (MT) are potent scavengers of free radicals that are silenced in primary hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) of human and rodent origin. To examine whether loss of MT promotes hepatocarcinogenesis, male Mt-1 and Mt-2 double knockout (MTKO) and wild-type (WT) mice were exposed to diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and induction of HCC was monitored at 23 and 33 weeks. The size and number of liver tumors, the ratio between liver and body weight, and liver damage were markedly elevated in the MTKO mice at both time points compared with the WT mice. At 23 weeks, MTKO mice developed HCC whereas WT mice developed only preneoplastic nodules suggesting that loss of MT accelerates hepatocarcinogenesis. MTKO tumors also exhibited higher superoxide anion levels. Although NF-κB activity increased in the liver nuclear extracts of both genotypes after DEN exposure, the complex formed in MTKO mice was predominantly p50/65 heterodimer (transcriptional activator) as opposed to p50 homodimer (transcriptional repressor) in WT mice. Phosphorylation of p65 at Ser276 causing its activation was also significantly augmented in DEN-exposed MTKO livers. NF-κB targets that include early growth response genes and proinflammatory cytokines were significantly upregulated in MTKO mice. Concurrently, there was a remarkable increase (∼100-fold) in Pai-1 expression; significant increase in c-Jun, c-Fos, c-Myc, Ets2, and ATF3 expressions; and growth factor signaling that probably contributed to the increased tumor growth in MTKO mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MTs protect mice from hepatocarcinogen-induced liver damage and carcinogenesis, underscoring their potential therapeutic application against hepatocellular cancer. Cancer Res; 70(24); 10265–76. ©2010 AACR.
PEGylated TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-loaded sustained release PLGA microspheres for enhanced stability and antitumor activity
Authors: Tae Hyung Kim, Hai Hua Jiang, Chan Woong Park, Yu Seok Youn, Seulki Lee, Xiaoyuan Chen, Kang Choon Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Vegetables may slow cognitive decline in older people
Authors: Robert Short
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Eating lots of vegetables is associated with a slowing of cognitive decline in older people. In contrast, a high intake of fruit does not slow the rate of cognitive decline.

This was the conclusion of a six year study of 3718 people aged 65 years or older by Martha Morris of the Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, and colleagues ( Neurology 2006;67:1370-6).

The participants were taking part in the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), a 1993-2002 cohort study of older people from a population that …
Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide Versus Sitagliptin After 52 Weeks in Type 2 Diabetes in a Randomized Controlled Trial (AWARD-5)
Authors: Michael Nauck, Ruth S. Weinstock, Guillermo E. Umpierrez, Bruno Guerci, Zachary Skrivanek, Zvonko Milicevic
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

To compare the efficacy and safety of two doses of once-weekly dulaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, to sitagliptin in uncontrolled, metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. The primary objective was to compare (for noninferiority and then superiority) dulaglutide 1.5 mg versus sitagliptin in change from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at 52 weeks.This multicenter, adaptive, double-blind, parallel-arm study randomized patients (N = 1,098; mean baseline age 54 years; HbA1c 8.1% [65 mmol/mol]; weight 86.4 kg; diabetes duration 7 years) to dulaglutide 1.5 mg, dulaglutide 0.75 mg, sitagliptin 100 mg, or placebo (placebo-controlled period up to 26 weeks). The treatment period lasted 104 weeks, with 52-week primary end point data presented.The mean HbA1c changes to 52 weeks were (least squares mean ± SE): -1.10 ± 0.06% (-12.0 ± 0.7 mmol/mol), -0.87 ± 0.06% (9.5 ± 0.7 mmol/mol), and -0.39 ± 0.06% (4.3 ± 0.7 mmol/mol) for dulaglutide 1.5 mg, dulaglutide 0.75 mg, and sitagliptin, respectively. Both dulaglutide doses were superior to sitagliptin (P < 0.001, both comparisons). No events of severe hypoglycemia were reported. Mean weight changes to 52 weeks were greater with dulaglutide 1.5 mg (-3.03 ± 0.22 kg) and dulaglutide 0.75 mg (-2.60 ± 0.23 kg) compared with sitagliptin (-1.53 ± 0.22 kg) (P < 0.001, both comparisons). The most common gastrointestinal treatment-emergent adverse events in dulaglutide 1.5- and 0.75-mg arms were nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.Both dulaglutide doses demonstrated superior glycemic control versus sitagliptin at 52 weeks with an acceptable tolerability and safety profile.
Women's Health in Mid-Life: A Primary Care Guide
Authors: Ellen Schur, Joann Elmore
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes16 November 2004Women's Health in Mid-Life: A Primary Care GuideEllen Schur, MD and Joann Elmore, MD, MPHEllen Schur, MDFrom Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.Search for more papers by this author and Joann Elmore, MD, MPHFrom Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-10-200411160-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Women's Health in Mid-Life: A Primary Care Guide Rosenfeld JA, ed. 386 pages. New York: Cambridge Univ Pr; 2004. $55.00. ISBN 0521823404. Order at www.cup.org.Field of medicine: Women's health.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Health care providers practicing primary care for women approximately 40 to 65 years of age.Purpose: To highlight the health care needs and concerns of women in mid-life and offer suggestions for primary care clinicians.Content: While one's definition of “mid-life” may depend on one's own age, the authors of this book define it as “from the end of childbearing to old age” or “approximately 40 ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 November 2004Volume 141, Issue 10Page: 824KeywordsCancer preventionContraceptivesExerciseHealth care providersHealth information technologyHealth promotionMenopauseObstetrics and gynecologyPrimary careSoftware tools ePublished: 16 November 2004 Issue Published: 16 November 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Reverse Tri-Iodothyronine and Fetal Thyroid Status
Authors: Delbert A. Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

During the past 10 years thyroid hormone measurement methods, and thus approaches to thyroid physiology and disease, have changed dramatically. This change has been due largely to the development of radioimmunoassay (RIA) systems specific for pituitary thyrotropin (TSH), the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and 3,3′,5-tri-iodothyronine (T3), the thyroid hormone precursors monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine (MIT and DIT), and the serum thyroid hormone carrier protein of major importance, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). In addition, hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been isolated and synthesized, and several RIA systems are now available for its measurement in biologic fluids.The most recent . . .
Medicare Rates Still Uncertain
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Isolated Deficiencies of Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Authors: William D. Odell
Journal: JAMA (1966)

In the past ten years, as more refined techniques for evaluation of hormone secretion have evolved, a number of patients suffering from a deficiency of a single anterior pituitary hormone have been described. Although symptoms and physical findings of patients suffering from panhypopituitarism are contained in most textbooks of endocrinology, this is often not true for patients with isolated deficiencies of pituitary hormones. The purpose of this paper is to present and clarify some aspects of the symptomatology, physical findings, and diagnosis of isolated pituitary hormone defects. Isolated deficiencies of adrenocorticotropin, thyrotropin, somatotropin, and gonadotropins have been described. Each of these will be discussed and exemplary case histories presented. <h3>The Isolated Deficiency of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)</h3> At least ten patients with hypoadrenotropism or the isolated deficiency of ACTH have been described in the literature. The first was probably that of Steinberg et al<sup>1</sup>who reported a deeply pigmented woman
HIV DNA loads, plasma residual viraemia and risk of virological rebound in heavily treated, virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients
Authors: N. Gianotti, F. Canducci, L. Galli, F. Cossarini, S. Salpietro, A. Poli, S. Nozza, V. Spagnuolo, M. Clementi, M. Sampaolo, E.R. Ceresola, S. Racca, A. Lazzarin, A. Castagna
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of hepatic involvement in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)
Authors: Martin Caselitz, Matthias J. Bahr, Jörg S. Bleck, Ajay Chavan, Michael P. Manns, Siegfried Wagner, Michael Gebel
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Hepatic involvement in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is highly variable and may lead to severe clinical symptoms such as heart failure. This controlled, prospective study defined sonographic criteria for hepatic involvement in HHT. Color Doppler sonography and pulsed Doppler sonography were used to study 25 patients with HHT and liver involvement, 20 patients with HHT without liver involvement, 25 patients with cirrhosis, and 25 patients without liver disease. The diagnosis of hepatic manifestation was confirmed by computed tomography and/or angiography. Liver size, parenchymal changes of the liver, vessel diameters, and flow velocities of the portal vein and the hepatic artery were determined. Resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were calculated. The diameter of the common hepatic artery was significantly dilated without overlap between HHT patients with liver involvement and the 3 control groups (mean 11.3 ± 2.8 mm [HHT with liver involvement], 4.6 ± 0.9 mm [HHT without liver involvement], 4.8 ± 1.0 mm [cirrhosis], and 4.4 ± 1.0 mm [healthy controls], P &lt; .001). Doppler parameters of the proper hepatic artery differed significantly (all P &lt; .001). In all patients with HHT and liver involvement, areas with intrahepatic hypervascularization caused by dilated intrahepatic arteries were observed in varying intensity. Cardiac output significantly correlated with the diameter of the common hepatic artery ( r = 0.53, P = .007) and the portal vein ( r = 0.42, P = .05). In conclusion, the diameter of the common hepatic artery (&gt;7 mm) and intrahepatic hypervascularization are suitable sonographic diagnostic parameters of HHT with high sensitivity and specificity. Dilated diameters of the hepatic feeding vessels are indicators for systemic circulatory distress in these patients.
You and Your Aging Parents
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Elderly people create problems for themselves, the community, and their sons and daughters. Those who face the difficulties of caring for their parents often look to their physicians for advice. But most doctors, although trained to care for the health needs of the aged, are unprepared to solve the many other problems they present. Here is a book which should prove most valuable. Intended for lay readers, it can be confidently recommended to patients, and can also be read profitably by doctors.  The authors, a professional writer specializing in medical, psychiatric, and socio-welfare subjects, and a psychiatrist in the Public Health Service, have skillfully combined their knowledge and talents to make a very readable, sensible book. They point out that no single solution is correct for all the aged, and that no arrangement is entirely satisfactory. They recommend, when possible, that the elderly continue to live by themselves, and offer
Activation of the Kallikrein-Kinin System in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Authors: Tadataka Yamada, Philip Harber, George W Pettit, David A Wing, Charles N Oster
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Activation of the kallikrein-kinin system, as indicated by increased plasma kallikrein and depleted plasma kininogen, prekallikrein, and kallikrein inhibitor, was observed in five patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Four of the patients had petechial rashes characteristic of vasculitis. Three patients had alterations in coagulation consistent with disseminated intravascular coagulation, although no hemorrhagic syndrome was found. Our data, along with the known physiologic actions of kinins, suggest a possible role for the kallikrein-kinin system in the pathophysiology of vasculitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, circulatory shock, and other complications of infection with Rickettsia rickettsii.
Studying the Elusive Environment in Large Scale
Authors: Chirag J. Patel, John P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: JAMA (2014)

It is possible that more than 50% of complex disease risk is attributed to differences in an individual’s environment.1 Air pollution, smoking, and diet are documented environmental factors affecting health, yet these factors are but a fraction of the “exposome,” the totality of the exposure load occurring throughout a person’s lifetime.1 Investigating one or a handful of exposures at a time has led to a highly fragmented literature of epidemiologic associations. Much of that literature is not reproducible, and selective reporting may be a major reason for the lack of reproducibility. A new model is required to discover environmental exposures associated with disease while mitigating possibilities of selective reporting.
Dyslipidemia and endothelium-dependent relaxation in internal mammary arteries used for coronary bypass surgery
Authors: A Voors
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation is related to dyslipidemia and may be an early marker for atherosclerosis in angiographically smooth arteries. The aim of the present study was to relate preoperative serum lipids to endothelium-dependent relaxation in internal mammary arteries of patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery.The study group consisted of 37 patients, from whom segments of the internal mammary artery were obtained during surgery. Measurements of endothelium-dependent relaxation were performed in organ baths by adding methacholine (10 nM-10 microM).All internal mammary arteries dilated in response to methacholine, ranging from 4 to 112% of the precontraction to 10 mumol phenylephrine. In a multiple regression model, increased total serum cholesterol appeared to be the best predictor for impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation. A 1 mmol increase of total cholesterol was associated with a 11.2% decrease of endothelium-dependent relaxation (P = 0.006). When total cholesterol was omitted from the model, LDL-cholesterol became the best predictor of endothelium-dependent relaxation (regression coefficient 10.3%/mmol; P = 0.02). No other variable was significantly associated with endothelium-dependent relaxation, and none of the preoperative variables was associated with endothelium-independent relaxation, expressed as the response to sodium nitrite (10 mM).Our study showed that endothelium-dependent relaxation in apparently non-diseased internal mammary arteries used for coronary bypass surgery was independently related to preoperative (LDL)-cholesterol levels.
The Scintilymphangiographic ???Flare??? Sign of Lymphangitic Obstruction
Authors: F L JACKSON, B C LENTLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Scintigraphic findings in two patients with limb edema as a consequence of metastatic carcinoma to the nodes are discussed. In both patients a "flare" sign has been described consisting of accentuation of the normal band of activity on the medial aspect of the thigh together with lateral extension of activity across the thigh. The demonstration of this sign may resolve the clinical problem without recourse to more invasive procedures.
Photosensitivity Due to Chlorothiazide and Hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Leonard C. Harber, Alvin M. Lashinsky, Rudolf L. Baer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

CHLOROTHIAZIDE and hydrochlorothiazide are aromatic sulfonamides differing from each other only in that in the hydrochlorothiazide the 3, 4 carbon-nitrogen bond is saturated by 2 hydrogen atoms whereas in the chlorothiazide molecule it remains dehydrogenated. The reported cases of cutaneous eruptions after chlorothiazide to date have been few,1 2 3 4 5 including 2 cases of photodermatitis.6 , 7 No eruptions due to hydrochlorothiazide have been reported. In addition to various eruptions due to these drugs we have studied 4 cases associated with photosensitization.Case Histories¶Case 1. Mrs. A.A., a 61-year-old obese woman, who was under treatment for hypertensive cardiovascular disease and was receiving hydrochlorothiazide, . . .
Gastrectomy and vagotomy.
Authors: H. Taylor, D. Eadie
Journal: BMJ (1968)

pupils; and in another, a woman of 38, the clinical picture closely resembled disseminated sclerosis.Nearly half (13 cases) were over the age of 60, and 6 of them were over the age of 70.It came as a surprise to find such a large number in my files.Comparable figures in the same period of other neurological diseases are subacute combined degeneration 32 cases, syringomyelia 27 cases.The figures confirm the view that the era of neurosyphilis is still very much with us.-I am, etc.,
WHAT IS THE OPTIMAL RATE OF DRUG-ELUTING STENT USE? INSIGHTS FROM TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE MULTICENTER EVENT REGISTRY
Authors: Lakshmi VENKITACHALAM, Yang Lei, Joshua M. Stolker, Amit P. Amin, Jason B. Lindsey, Kevin F. Kennedy, Michael Pencina, John J. Lopez, Neil S. Kleiman, David J. Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)