tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and antibodies to phospholipids.
Authors: M J Walport
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Leader Pregnancy and antibodies to phospholipidsThere is an association between the presence of antibodies that bind to anionic phospholipids and the occurrence of repeated spontaneous abortions,1-7 often during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.2-9These antibodies have been identified in women with recurrent unexplained miscarriages using, in order of increasing sensitivity, the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory reagent, 16 10 the test for the lupus anticoagulant,1-3 5-6 8 11 and radio- immunoassay or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with cardiolipin9 11-13 or other negatively charged phospholipids'3 14 as the antigen.
STIM1 Controls Neuronal Ca2+ Signaling, mGluR1-Dependent Synaptic Transmission, and Cerebellar Motor Behavior
Authors: Jana Hartmann, Rosa M. Karl, Ryan P.D. Alexander, Helmuth Adelsberger, Monika S. Brill, Charlotta Rühlmann, Anna Ansel, Kenji Sakimura, Yoshihiro Baba, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Thomas Misgeld, Arthur Konnerth
Journal: Neuron (2014)
GASTRO-INTESTINAL AND HEPATIC RELATIONS OF GOUT.
Authors: CHARLES G. STOCKTON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Murchison and Sir Dyce Duckworth, among other students of the subject, have associated the excessive formation of uric acid and the development of gouty attacks with disturbances of the liver. Under the name of lithemia or latent gout, Murchinson described a set of symptoms very commonly met with in this country; among the conspicuous symptoms is the appearance of uric acid, urates and calcium oxalate crystals in the urine in abnormal amount. These cases of lithemia show evidence of disturbed primary digestion, congestion of the liver, headache, lassitude, malaise, but rarely evidences of deposits, arthritic or otherwise, that are characteristic of true gout. The question has been raised, and I think justly, is lithemia gout or is it the expression of a toxemia resulting from habitual disorder of the digestive organs including the liver? Before answering the question it may be well to turn to some later views regarding the
Effect of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids on Blood Pressure in Hypertension
Authors: Kaare H. Bønaa, Kristian S. Bjerve, Bjørn Straume, Inger T. Gram, Dag Thelle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Studies of whether polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil--in particular, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids--lower blood pressure have varied in design and results. We conducted a population-based, randomized, 10-week dietary-supplementation trial in which the effects of 6 g per day of 85 percent eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were compared with those of 6 g per day of corn oil in 156 men and women with previously untreated stable, mild essential hypertension. The mean systolic blood pressure fell by 4.6 mm Hg (P = 0.002), and diastolic pressure by 3.0 mm Hg (P = 0.0002) in the group receiving fish oil; there was no significant change in the group receiving corn oil. The differences between the groups remained significant for both systolic (6.4 mm Hg; P = 0.0025) and diastolic (2.8 mm Hg; P = 0.029) pressure after control for anthropometric, lifestyle, and dietary variables. The decreases in blood pressure were larger as concentrations of plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids increased (P = 0.027). Dietary supplementation with fish oil did not change mean blood pressure in the subjects who ate fish three or more times a week as part of their usual diet, or in those who had a base-line concentration of plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids above 175.1 mg per liter. We conclude that eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids reduce blood pressure in essential hypertension, depending on increases in plasma phospholipid n-3 fatty acids.
Sidechain biology and the immunogenicity of PDC-E2, the major autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Tin K. Mao, Paul A. Davis, Joseph A. Odin, Ross L. Coppel, Eric M. Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The E2 component of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC–E2) is the immunodominant autoantigen of primary biliary cirrhosis. Whereas lipoylation of PDC–E2 is essential for enzymatic activity and predominates under normal conditions, other biochemical systems exist that also target the lysine residue, including acylation of fatty acids or xenobiotics and ubiquitinylation. More importantly, the immunogenicity can be affected by derivatization of the lysine residue, as the recognition of lipoylated PDC–E2 by patient autoantibodies is enhanced compared with octanoylated PDC–E2. Furthermore, our laboratory has shown that various xenobiotic modifications of a peptide representing the immunodominant region of PDC–E2 are immunoreactive against patient sera. The only purported regulatory system that prevents the accumulation of potentially autoreactive PDC–E2 is glutathionylation, in which the lysine–lipoic acid moiety is further modified with glutathione during apoptosis. Interestingly, this system is found in several cell lines, including HeLa, Jurkat, and Caco–2 cells, but not in cholangiocytes and salivary gland epithelial cells, both of which are targets for destruction in primary biliary cirrhosis. Hence, the failure of this or other regulatory system(s) may overwhelm the immune system with immunogenic PDC–E2 that can initiate the breakdown of tolerance in a genetically susceptible individual. In this review the authors survey the data available on the biochemical life of PDC–E2, with particular emphasis on the lysine residue and its known interactions with machinery involved in various posttranslational modifications. (Hepatology 2004;40:1241-1248.)
The Trp64Arg polymorphism of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene is associated with increased small dense low-density lipoprotein in a rural Japanese population: the Mima study
Authors: Kokoro Tsuzaki, Kazuhiko Kotani, Shinji Fujiwara, Yoshiko Sano, Yukiyo Matsuoka, Masayuki Domichi, Taku Hamada, Akira Shimatsu, Naoki Sakane
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Massive Intestinal Infarction without Vascular Occlusion Associated with Aortic Insufficiency
Authors: F. G. Hoffman, S. L. Zimmerman, E. S. Cardwell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ABDOMINAL pain has been noted frequently in patients with aortic insufficiency, often unrelated to congestive heart failure. The clinical significance of this symptom presents difficulties not only in differential diagnosis but also in evaluation of its physiologic basis.1 Harvey, Segal and Hufnagel2 have described in detail the characteristics of this type of pain and remarked on the notable lack of pathological correlation. In a report of a similar case of prolonged abdominal pain in association with aortic insufficiency3 extensive petechiae and ecchymoses were noted at autopsy throughout the gastrointestinal mucosa, most pronounced in the colon.A recent observation of a . . .
THE CHEMISTRY OF THE URINE IN DIABETES MELLITUS.
Authors: EDWARD L. MUNSON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The following article is the result of almost daily analysis of the urine in a typical case of diabetes mellitus, extending from the recognition of the disease to the death of the patient, a matter of eight months. On account of the confusion existing in the literature bearing on this subject it has been deemed best to synthetically prepare several of the abnormal bodies present in the urine of this case for the purpose of an experimental study of their properties. <h3>Aceto-acetic acid.</h3> —The true history of this body begins with Gerhardt's discovery in 1865 that certain diabetic urines yielded a Bordeaux red on the addition of a solution of ferric chlorid. He did not, however, attribute this reaction to the presence of aceto-acetic acid but believed it to be due to the presence of ethyl aceto-acetate, an allied body responding to this test, since he observed that the distillate
THE PATHOGENESIS OF LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA.
Authors: L. HARRISON METTLER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The gradual attainment of our present knowledge of the disease known as locomotor ataxia, is one of the fascinating stories of medicine. While it is undoubtedly true, as one writer says, that it is the most common and the best known today of all the nervous affections, and while it is also true that the advances made toward the recent conception of its etiology and pathology have within the last few years been something marvelous, it is nevertheless a fact that after all we have only entered upon its elucidation. Many of the newer discoveries have only added to the complexity of our knowledge. We are almost as much in the dark as ever in regard to the real cause or causes of the trouble, nor have we found as yet any sufficient reason why those causes should exert a selective action upon special nerve areas. One comprehensive definition has
Standard exercise test to assess peripheral arterial disease.
Authors: S P Laing, R M Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The fall in ankle systolic pressure after exercise serves as an objective indicator of the severity of haemodynamically important peripheral arterial disease. Twenty-six patients were studied to establish the effects of different work loads on the pressure response and to develop a test to standardise these effects. The patients walked for one or two minutes at 4 km/h and one or two minutes at 6 km/h, and the fall in pressure was the same when measured immediately after exercise. The time taken for the pressure to return to the pre-exercise value varied. As the fall in pressure occurs after only one minute of exercise at 4 km/h on a 10% slope, this might be adopted as a standard test. It is acceptable to the patient, since claudication, angina, and shortness of breath rarely occur. It is sensitive enough to detect mild or asymptomatic disease and is useful in following up patients.
Practical Considerations in Abdominal Ultrasonic Scanning
Authors: Royal J. Bartrum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

THE use of ultrasound to diagnose intra-abdominal disease is rapidly expanding.1 2 3 4 Although much has been written and presented concerning interpretation of ultrasonic scans, little information is available on the technic of producing scans of diagnostic quality. Some practical hints, culled from a seven-year experience with over 10,000 scans at the Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, are presented to help those with little experience in this field to overcome some frustrating technical obstacles. Necessity for Diagnosis during Performance of Scan The point that diagnosis must be made while the scan is being performed cannot be overstressed. If a diagnostic impression is based on . . .
PWE-163 Chemr23 and BLT1 Receptor Expression in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: J M Hutchinson, M Volpato, P Loadman, A Nicolaou, M Hull
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid which has anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) activity. The molecular mechanism (s) underlying the anti-neoplastic activity of EPA are not understood. Trihydroxy-EPA, also known as Resolvin E1 (RvE1), is an oxygenated derivative of EPA, that has been shown to inhibit NK-κB signalling, which is implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. RvE1 has been shown to bind to two G-protein coupled receptors, ChemR23 and BLT1. We investigated whether ChemR23 and BLT1 receptors are expressed in human CRC. <h3>Methods</h3> Seven human CRC cell lines (HCA7, LoVo, T84, HRT18, HT29, Caco2 and HCT116) were characterised for ChemR23 and BLT1 expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence. Jurkat and THP-1 cells were used as positive controls for ChemR23 and BLT1, respectively. Membrane protein fraction analysis was carried out using a transmembrane protein extraction kit. Densitometric analysis was performed using BIO-RAD Quantity One Software. Human CRC tissue was examined for ChemR23 expression by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. <h3>Results</h3> ChemR23 and BLT1 messenger RNA expression was detected in all seven human CRC cell lines. ChemR23 protein (45kDa) expression was also observed in all human CRC cell lines, with Caco2 cells expressing around two-fold more ChemR23 receptor protein relative to a-tubulin than other CRC cell lines. However, BLT1 receptor protein was not detected in any of the human CRC cell lines, but was confirmed in monocytic THP-1 cells (38kDa). ChemR23 protein was enriched in the membrane protein fraction of Caco2 cells. ChemR23 protein levels increased with confluency in Caco2 cells. There was a three-fold increase in ChemR23 protein expression in 100% confluent Caco2 cells compared with less confluent cell cultures. In contrast, HCA-7 cells did not display confluence-dependent changes in ChemR23 protein expression. Immunofluorescence demonstrated predominant cytoplasmic localisation of ChemR23 with a heterogeneous population of ChemR23-expressing and negative cells. ChemR23 immunohistochemistry on primary CRC tissue demonstrated homogeneous ChemR23 immunoreactivity in CRC cells with some stromal cell staining, including endothelial cells. <h3>Conclusion</h3> ChemR23 (but not BLT1) protein is expressed by human CRC cells (particularly Caco2) <i>in vitro</i> and in cancer cells in human primary CRCs. ChemR23 protein expression varies <i>in vitro</i> in a confluence-dependent manner, with heterogeneous expression by Caco2 cells. ChemR23 is localised predominantly in cancer cells in human CRC. Investigation of ChemR23-dependent anti-CRC activity of RvE1 is warranted. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Genetic predispositions and childhood cancer.
Authors: K Shannon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

This article provides an overview of the problem of genetic susceptibility to childhood cancer with a particular emphasis on problems with ascertaining inherited cancer risk and the role of tumor-suppressor gene mutations in cancer predispositions. The association between neurofibromatosis type 1 and childhood leukemia is used to illustrate some of the issues faced by molecular biologists and genetic epidemiologists in identifying and analyzing at-risk individuals. The problem of incomplete penetrance in cancer susceptibility is presented and potential models are discussed. The article concludes with a number of tentative conclusions from existing data and speculations for future studies.
Functional effects on glomerular hemodynamics of short-term chronic cyclosporine in male rats.
Authors: S C Thomson, B J Tucker, F Gabbai, R C Blantz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We evaluated the effects of chronic cyclosporine (CsA) administration on the determinants of nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) using micropuncture techniques (mp) in male Munich-Wistar rats. Animals received CsA (30 mg/kg SQ) in olive oil daily for 8 d before mp. Controls (PFC) were pair fed. SNGFR, glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient (delta P), nephron plasma flow (SNPF), plasma protein oncotic pressure (pi A), and glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient (LpA) were quantitated in each experiment. CsA was associated with a lower SNGFR due to decreases in SNPF and a major reduction in delta P but no decrease in LpA. Plasma volume expansion (PVE) caused SNGFR, delta P, and SNPF to increase in both CsA and PFC without eliminating the differences between CsA and PFC. CsA/PVE rats responded normally to angiotensin II (AII) infusion indicating that the low delta P associated with CsA is not due to unresponsiveness to AII. Prior renal denervation caused SNGFR and SNPF to increase in CsA-treated animals but failed to alter the reduction in glomerular capillary pressure after CsA or to eliminate the glomerular hemodynamic differences between treated animals and pair-fed controls. This constellation of glomerular hemodynamic abnormalities suggests that the renal effect of short-term chronic CsA administration is mediated primarily by a reduction in the afferent effective filtration pressure resulting from an imbalance between pre- and postglomerular vascular resistances.
Dopamine, schizophrenia, mania, and depression: Toward a unified hypothesis of cortico-striatopallido-thalamic function
Authors: Neal R. Swerdlow, George F. Koob
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1987)

Abstract Considerable evidence from preclinical and clinical investigations implicates disturbances of brain dopamine (DA) function in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric and neurologic disorders. We describe a neural model that may help organize theseindependent experimental observations. Cortical regions classically associated with the limbic system interact with infracortical structures, including the nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, and dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus. In our model, overactivity in forebrain DA systems results in the loss of lateral inhibitory interactions in the nucleus accumbens, causing disinhibition of pallidothalamic efferents; this in turn causes rapid changes and a loss of focused corticothalamic activity in cortical regions controlling cognitive and emotional processes. These effects might be manifested clinically by some symptoms of psychoses. Underactivity of forebrain DA results in excess lateral inhibition in the nucleus accumbens, causing tonic inhibition of pallidothalamic efferents; this perpetuates tonic corticothalamic activity and prevents the initiation of new activity in other critical cortical regions. These effects might be manifested clinically by some symptoms of depression. This model parallels existing explanations for the etiology of several movement disorders, and may lead to testable inferences regarding the neural substrates of specific psychopathologies.
Seasonal Changes in Preprandial Glucose, A1C, and Blood Pressure in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Wen Wei Liang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The American Diabetes Association has recommended glycemic goals for nonpregnant diabetic individuals (1). These goals are aimed at controlling blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and lipid profiles. In addition, seasonal variation of blood pressure has been recognized and found to exist in both normotensive subjects and hypertensive patients (2). However, the relation between blood pressure patterns, as well as blood glucose levels and lipid profiles, in diabetic patients and seasonal cycles remains unclear.

We collected data from all patients who received treatment at the endocrinology and metabolism clinic at Da Chien Hospital (Miaoli, Taiwan) at least two times per year from 2003 to 2006. The clinic opened in May 2002, and data excluding personal information were retrieved from the hospital data bank; this procedure was approved by Da Chien Hospital. There were diabetic patients treated at the clinic in 2003 ( n = 465), 2004 ( n = 615), 2005 ( n = 599), and 2006 ( n = 662). Some patients ( n = 212) were retained throughout the entire study period, while others only attended the clinic for a fraction of the 2003–2006 time frame. The mean diabetes duration in these patients was 7.89 years, and the …
In Vitro Fertilization with Single Blastocyst-Stage versus Single Cleavage-Stage Embryos
Authors: Evangelos G. Papanikolaou, Michel Camus, Efstratios M. Kolibianakis, Lisbet Van Landuyt, Andre Van Steirteghem, Paul Devroey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Single-embryo transfer has been recommended to reduce the incidence of multiple gestations when in vitro fertilization is performed in women under 36 years of age. We designed a prospective, randomized, controlled trial to determine whether there were any differences in the rates of pregnancy and delivery between women undergoing transfer of a single cleavage-stage (day 3) embryo and those undergoing transfer of a single blastocyst-stage (day 5) embryo.We studied 351 infertile women under 36 years of age who were randomly assigned to undergo transfer of either a single cleavage-stage embryo (176 patients) or a single blastocyst-stage embryo (175 patients). Multifollicular ovarian stimulation was performed with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone.The study was terminated early after a prespecified interim analysis (which included 50 percent of the planned number of patients) found a higher rate of pregnancy among women undergoing transfer of a single blastocyst-stage embryo (P=0.02). The rate of delivery was also significantly higher in this group than in the group undergoing transfer of a single cleavage-stage embryo (32.0 percent vs. 21.6 percent; relative risk, 1.48; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.11). Two multiple births occurred, both of monozygotic twins, both of which were in the group undergoing transfer of a single cleavage-stage embryo.These findings support the transfer of a single blastocyst-stage (day 5) embryo in infertile women under 36 years of age.
Abstract P4-01-18: A discrete population of p63+/K5/14+ cells implicated in the pathogenesis of salivary gland-like tumors of the breast
Authors: W Boecker, G Stenman, T Loening, MK Andersson, T Berg, I Buchwalow
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Salivary gland-like tumors are currently subdivided into those with and those without myoepithelial differentiation. Furthermore, they show a wide range of differentiation patterns including squamous differentiation. Many authors believe that the myoepithelial cell plays a major role in this context. However, currently little is known about the evolution and cellular differentiation of these tumors. Material and Methods: For that reason, we performed an in situ Triple Immunofluorescence Lineage/Differentiation Tracing (isTILT) and qRT-PCR study of basal (K5/K14), glandular (K7/K8/18), and epidermal-specific squamous (K10) keratins, p63, and smooth muscle actin (SMA; myoepithelial marker) with the aim to trace different cell lineages and define their cellular hierarchy in tumors. We investigated 50 cases of salivary gland-like tumors of the breast (11 Adenoid-cystic carcinomas, 9 (adeno-)myoepithelial tumors, 8 adeno-squamous carcinomas including 12 syringomas of the nipple, 10 squamous cell carcinomas), and their corresponding counterparts. In 4 cases, the corresponding cell cultures were also analysed. Results: All tumor types contained p63+/K5/14+ progenitor cells in varying frequencies from a few percent up to 15%. These tumor cells were found to differentiate to glandular (K8/18-positive) or to myoepithelial (SMA-positive) lineage specific cells; they were also shown to generate various heterologeous cell differentiations such as squamous and mesenchymal progenies. p63 was partly retained in the myoepithelial and squamous cells lineages but not in the glandular cells lineage. These data were corroborated by RNA-expression results. The corresponding counterpart tumors of the salivary/lacrimal glands were found to have identical cellular compositions. Conclusions: Our findings clearly demonstrate that p63+/K5/14+ tumor cells in salivary gland-like tumors of the breast and in their counterparts are key players in tumor development and differentiation. They undergo a transition from their original p63+/K5/14+ precursor state to new p63+/K5/14+/SMA+ myoepithelial and/or p63+/K10+ squamous lineages, and/or to a K7+/K8/18+ glandular state, which can be pictured by isTILT-experiments and RNA-expression studies. Given the phenotypic similarity of p63+/K5/14+ tumor cells to physiological counterparts in the normal breast and salivary duct epithelium and considering the fact that these cells may give rise to a number of different progenies with specific differentiation lineages, we suggest that this cell and its physiological differentiation potential provides an important ontogenetic key to a better understanding of these tumors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-01-18.