tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tracking Scientific Interest in the Dissociative Disorders: A Study of Scientific Publication Output 1984–2003
Authors: Harrison G. Pope Jr., Steven Barry, Alexander Bodkin, James I. Hudson
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

We attempted to track scientific interest in dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder by estimating the annual output of publications regarding these entities over the last 20 years.Using a standard medical index, PsycINFO, we counted the number of indexed publications involving dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder listed for each year. We then compared these rates with those of well-established diagnoses such as anorexia nervosa, alcohol abuse, and schizophrenia. We also systematically reviewed all publications involving dissociative amnesia that appeared in 2003.Annual publications involving dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder rose from low levels in the 1980's to a sharp peak in the mid 1990's, followed by an equally sharp decline to only about one quarter of their peak levels by 2002 and 2003. In contrast, all of the 25 comparison diagnoses in our survey showed constant or steadily rising publication rates; none showed the 'bubble' pattern of the dissociative disorders. Of the 34 papers involving dissociative amnesia identified by PsycINFO for 2003, 10 (32%) appeared skeptical of the validity of dissociative amnesia and/or recovered-memory therapy. Despite a detailed search using multiple medical indices and search terms, we could find only 13 explicit cases of individuals with dissociative amnesia worldwide in the 2003 literature.Dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder have not generated consistent scientific interest over the years, but instead apparently enjoyed a brief period of fashion that now has waned. Overall, our observations suggest that these diagnostic entities presently do not command widespread scientific acceptance.
Adverse Outcomes of Underuse of β-Blockers in Elderly Patients
Authors: Roberto Bernabei
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Soumerai and collegues<sup>1</sup>provide thoughtprovoking data regarding apparent harm from the underuse of β-blockers in elderly survivors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although we are aware of some inherent limitations of cohort studies using administrative databases, the authors might be able to provide additional information on some relevant issues.
Acute viral hepatitis in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus: Different patterns in different places
Authors: Anna Lok
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The aetiology of sporadic acute hepatitis in Taiwan was studied in a consecutive series of 273 patients, 209 males and 64 females, aged from &lt; 1 to 73 years. Only eight patients (2.9%) had acute hepatitis A, 36 (13.2%) acute hepatitis B and 57 (20.9%) had acute non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB). The remaining 172 patients (63.0%) were HBsAg positive but antiHBc IgM negative and were classified as acute hepatitis in chronic HBsAg carriers. Age-specific analysis revealed that acute hepatitis types A and B accounted for 35% and 47%, respectively of acute hepatitis in patients below age 10, but their prevalence decreased dramatically with increasing age and remained quite low in patients over age 40. In contrast, acute hepatitis NANB occurred predominantly in the older patients. The prevalence of acute hepatitis NANB was 11 to 15% in patients below age 40, but increased gradually with increasing age thereafter. Of the patients over age 60, 58% had acute hepatitis NANB. Acute hepatitis in chronic HBsAg carriers accounted for 59 to 76% of acute hepatitis episodes in patients over age 10 and below age 60. Sex-specific analysis revealed that the prevalence of acute hepatitis A or B showed no significant sex difference, whereas acute hepatitis in chronic HBsAg carriers occurred predominantly in males and acute hepatitis NANB occurred predominantly in females. Of the acute hepatitis episodes in chronic HBsAg carriers about one-third was due to hepatitis Delta virus superinfection, while the remaining two-thirds were most likely acute exacerbations of the underlying hepatitis B virus infection and a few were due to non-A, non-B hepatitis superinfection.
HEADACHE FROM NON-SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATION OF THE ACCESSORY SINUSES OF THE NOSE.
Authors: CHARLES M. ROBERTSON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Attention has recently been called to headache from disturbance of air pressure in the accessory sinuses of the nose. This disturbance, not so rare as might be supposed, produces all the symptoms of an empyema, except the discharge. The cause of this condition is stated by one author as being "from air pressure in the sinus." It seems to me, however, to be produced by a diminution of air pressure in the sinus. This diminution in pressure is caused by obstruction to the ingress of air to the particular sinus by closure of its natural orifice. For instance, the middle turbinal may be swollen from inflammation; the swollen body obstructs the sinus so that the cavity is shut off from the nasal chambers. The imprisoned air loses its oxygen from absorption by the blood vessels in the mucous membrane of the cavity. As a result of this absorption, the pressure
If Cumulative Risk Assessment Is the Answer, What Is the Question?
Authors: Michael A. Callahan, Ken Sexton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Cumulative risk refers to the combined threats from exposure via all relevant routes to multiple stressors including biological, chemical, physical, and psychosocial entities. Cumulative risk assessment is a tool for organizing and analyzing information to examine, characterize, and possibly quantify the combined adverse effects on human health or ecologic resources from multiple environmental stressors. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has initiated a long-term effort to develop future guidelines for cumulative risk assessment, including publication in 2003 of a framework that describes important features of the process and discusses theoretical issues, technical matters, and key definitions. The framework divides the process of cumulative risk assessment into three interrelated phases: a) planning, scoping, and problem formulation; b) analysis; and c) interpretation and risk characterization. It also discusses the additional complexities introduced by attempts to analyze cumulative risks from multiple stressors and describes some of the theoretical approaches that can be used. The development of guidelines for cumulative risk assessment is an essential element in the transition of the U.S. EPA risk assessment methodology from a narrow focus on a single stressor, end point, source, pathway, and exposure route to a broader, more holistic approach involving analysis of combined effects of cumulative exposure to multiple stressors via all relevant sources, pathways, and routes.
Absence of CD40 Signaling Is Associated With an Increase in Intimal Thickening After Arterial Injury
Authors: Mojca Remskar, Hongyan Li, Kuang-Yuh Chyu, Prediman K. Shah, Bojan Cercek
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —Immune-mediator CD40 ligand is expressed on a variety of cell types involved in the immune response and on the cells of the vascular system. Inhibition of CD40 signaling has been associated with reduction of experimental atherosclerosis and transplant-associated vasculopathy. Immune response also plays a cardinal role in intimal thickening after acute arterial-wall injury. After carotid artery injury in CD40 ligand knockout (CD40L −/− ) mice, the intimal thickening was increased 3-fold compared with the thickening in background B6/129 mice. The extent of thickening was similar to the thickening in B6/129 mice depleted of T lymphocytes with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 antibodies. Injection of splenocytes from B6/129 mice into the CD40L −/− mice reduced the intimal thickening to the level comparable to the thickening in background B6/129 mice. These data suggest that CD40 signaling plays a significant role in the inhibitory effect of T lymphocytes on intimal thickening after arterial injury.
SOME OPHTHALMOLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: JOSEPH P. ISRAEL
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The ophthalmologic manifestations of diseases of the nervous system have long occupied a conspicuous place, and have been studied with great interest by the neurologist and the ophthalmologist.  Realizing the close relation existing between the eye and the brain, the retina being an outgrowth from the rudimentary brain of the primary optic vesicle, and the optic nerves being portions of the lobes of the brain, 1 and admitting that these anatomic and embryologic facts are true, one readily realizes how the early manifestations of diseases of the brain may reveal themselves through the medium of the eye, which is the principal means we have of noting the changes resulting from disease of this organ. On examining the eye, we are able, in many cases, to see these changes in their incipiency, and thus make an intelligent diagnosis of the workings of this great machine (consisting of 600 million cells) before
On the Differential Diagnosis between Distension of the Fallopian Tubes and Fibromyomata of the Uterus
Authors: P. Horrocks
Journal: BMJ (1886)

THE BBITISH MIDICAiJOURf4X4.821 ~~~~~~~CEBIIl.~EIALOEA.the difficulty will end.It will be necessary to warn the patient against overexertion of any kind for some time to come, and also to insist that the vaginal douche be employed for some considerable time after she passes from under yourcare.If ruptureof the perineumexist, it is most desirable that this be repaired, so that due support to the uterus may be given by the vaginal walls.This will not only add to the comfort of your patient, but remove a grave risk of a recurrence of the uterine mischief.Lastly, I come to speak of the treatment when elongation of the cervix exists.Doubtless, local treatment generally is successful in giving relief, but it may be looked upon as almost a certainty, if impregnation do not immediately ensue, that the endometritis will recur.I, therefore, of late years, have always insisted on removing the redundant tissue, an operation which has hitherto in- variably been followed by the most satisfactory results.
Adaptation to prolonged beta-blockade of rabbit atrial, purkinje, and ventricular potentials, and of papillary muscle contraction. Time-course of development of and recovery from adaptation.
Authors: A E Raine, E M Vaughan Williams
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Groups of littermate rabbits were treated for various periods up to 6 weeks with twice daily subcutaneous injections of saline, D-propranolol, DL-propranolol, or metoprolol, the latter two at doses equivalent to those used in clinical therapy. Investigations were made at a sufficient time (20-24 hours after the most recent dose) to ensure that the drugs would have been eliminated from the body, so that any observed changes would represent an adaptation to treatment, not effects due to the presence of the drugs. The ECG was recorded in vivo at regular intervals during treatment. After several days, Q-Tc was prolonged by the beta-blockers, reaching a peak effect at about 3 weeks from the start of treatment, and returned to control values at 3 weeks after cessation of treatment. Action potential duration, measured in vitro by intracellular recording, was also prolonged uniformly in atria and ventricles over a similar time-course, unrelated to cardiac frequency, but shortened in distal Purkinje cells. Peak tension was not altered in propranolol-adapted papillary muscles, but the relationship of rate of rise of tension was steeper. It is concluded that these effects represent a myocardial adaptation to prolonged beta-blockade.
The effect of montelukast, budesonide alone, and in combination on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: MyLinh Duong, Reshma Amin, Adrian J. Baatjes, Fiona Kritzinger, Ying Qi, Zahida Meghji, Wendy Lou, Hartmut Grasemann, Paul M. O'Byrne, Padmaja Subbarao
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Exempli Gratia and Id Est
Authors: Harry L. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The inexpressible revulsion I experience on seeing those old traditional Latin expressions,<i>exempli gratia</i>and<i>id est</i>, reduced from the identifiable abbreviations "e.g." and "i.e." to the simple and subtle "eg" and "ie," is not important, I know; I am but one of your many readers, and in a decade or two this practice could become quite acceptable. Alas, that it could! Let me report for the record, however, that during this decade or two I fully expect every "eg" and "ie" to have just about as bad an effect on me as it would on a reader sufficiently innocent to suspect that you'd misspelled "egg" or started experimenting with Pitman's Initial Teaching Alphabet. It sets me back on my mental haunches for a second look, and it distracts me. Paul Bunyan saved 60 barrels of ink in the first year by telling his bookkeeper to stop
Report on an Enquiry into the Aetiological Factors associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: G. D. Kersley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1953)

REVIEWSa case for such treatment in every variety of the disease, save perhaps in early cases which may go into remission spontaneously.Severe progressive rheumatoid arthritis provides many difficulties, but good results may be achieved, and in the long-standing crippled cases a com- bination of hormone therapy and orthopaedic treatment should be considered.They have also been impressed with the action of these drugs in scleroderma.They conclude by stating that cortico-suprarenal hormone therapy has become a part of current practice for rheumatic conditions, both acute and chronic.They believe this to be warranted by the good results obtained, as compared to the ineffectiveness of other treatments, but feel disquieted because of the risks which are run when these drugs are used, and the uncertainty, as yet, of the long-term results.They stress the need for further research, particularly on mixed courses of cortisone and ACTH, the combination of chryso-and hormone therapy, and the local use of hydrocortisone.OSWALD SAVAGE.
Obese patients get inadequate care before and after bariatric surgery, finds review
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A review of patients who had bariatric surgery in the United Kingdom has found a catalogue of failings in their treatment, with more than two thirds having no psychological counselling before they were referred and only a third being followed up adequately.

Improvements are needed across the whole of the care pathway, with more emphasis on specialist support before and after surgery, says the report by the National Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD).1

Obesity is estimated to cost the UK health services £5bn (€6.2bn; $8bn) every year, with wider costs to society and business estimated at around £50bn. The number of bariatric weight loss procedures in England has nearly doubled in two years from just over 4200 in 2008-9 to 8000 in 2010-11.

Ian Martin, NCEPOD’s clinical …
Indication for and Extension of Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection During Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy: An Analysis of Five European Institutions
Authors: Nazareno Suardi, Alessandro Larcher, Alexander Haese, Vincenzo Ficarra, Alexander Govorov, Nicolò M. Buffi, Jochen Walz, Bernardo Rocco, Marco Borghesi, Thomas Steuber, Giovannalberto Pini, Alberto Briganti, Alexander M. Mottrie, Giorgio Guazzoni, Francesco Montorsi, Dmitry Pushkar, Henk Van Der Poel
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Serum sodium predicts mortality in patients listed for liver transplantation
Authors: Scott W. Biggins, Harry J. Rodriguez, Peter Bacchetti, Nathan M. Bass, John P. Roberts, Norah A. Terrault
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

With the implementation of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), refractory ascites, a known predictor of mortality in cirrhosis, was removed as a criterion for liver allocation. Because ascites is associated with low serum sodium, we evaluated serum sodium as an independent predictor of mortality in patients with cirrhosis who were listed for liver transplantation and whether the addition of serum sodium to MELD was superior to MELD alone. This is a single-center retrospective cohort of all adult patients with cirrhosis listed for transplantation from February 27, 2002, to December 26, 2003. Listing laboratories were those nearest the listing date ±2 months. Of the 513 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 341 were still listed, while 172 were removed from the list (105 for transplantation, 56 for death, 11 for other reasons). The median serum sodium and MELD scores were 137 mEq/L (range, 110-155) and 15 (range, 6-51), respectively, at listing. Median follow-up was 201 (range, 1-662) days. The risk of death with serum sodium &lt; 126 mEq/L at listing or while listed was increased, with hazard ratios of 7.8 ( P &lt; .001) and 6.3 ( P &lt; .001), respectively, and the association was independent of MELD. The c-statistics of receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting mortality at 3 months based upon listing MELD with and without listing serum sodium were 0.883 and 0.897, respectively, and at 6 months were 0.871 and 0.905, respectively. In conclusion, serum sodium &lt; 126 mEq/L at listing or while listed for transplantation is a strong independent predictor of mortality. Addition of serum sodium to MELD increases the ability to predict 3- and 6-month mortality in patients with cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2005;41:32–39.)
Systemic Arterial Response to Exercise in Patients With Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Warren K. Laskey, William G. Kussmaul, Abraham Noordergraaf
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Systemic arterial hemodynamics play an important role in the assessment of the severity and hemodynamic consequences of aortic valve stenosis (AVS).Systemic vascular resistance, total arterial compliance, effective arterial elastance, and aortic characteristic impedance were derived from high-fidelity catheter recordings of ascending aortic pressure and blood flow velocity at rest and with supine bicycle exercise in 18 patients with AVS and 11 control subjects. Mean aortic pressure was similar between groups. At rest, systemic vascular resistance (AVS patients, 1426+/-318 dynes . s . cm(-5); control subjects, 107+/-228 dynes . s . cm(-5); P<0.01), arterial elastance (AVS patients, 1.38+/-0.36 mm Hg/mL; control subject, 0.99+/-0.15 mm Hg/mL; P<0.002), and aortic characteristic impedance (AVS patients, 107+/-23 dynes . s . cm(-5); control subjects, 76+/-30 dynes . s . cm(-5); P<0.01) were increased, whereas total arterial compliance was lower (AVS patients, 0.737+/-0.19x10(-3) cm(5)/dyne; control subjects, 1.155+/-0.27x10(-3) cm(5)/dyne; P<0.001) in AVS. With exercise, total arterial compliance increased in control subjects (rest, 1.155+/-0.27x10(-3) cm(5)/dyne; exercise, 1.421+/-0.49x10(-3) cm(5)/dyne; P<0.05) but did not change in AVS patients (rest, 0.737+/-0.19x10(-3) cm(5)/dyne; exercise, 0.769+/-0.21x10(-3) cm(5)/dyne; P=0.2). Arterial elastance increased on exercise in AVS patients (rest, 1.38+/-0.36 mm Hg/mL; exercise, 1.57+/-0.44; P<0.01). Aortic characteristic impedance remained elevated on exercise (AVS patients, 122+/-30 dynes . s . cm(-5); control subjects, 80+/-43 dynes . s . cm(-5); P=0.01). Stroke flow increased significantly in both AVS patients (rest, 229+/-69 mL/s; exercise, 256+/-78 mL/s; P<0.01) and control subjects (rest, 230+/-37 mL/s; exercise, 406+/-69 mL/s; P<0.001), although the increment was much attenuated in AVS. On multiple regression, the increase in stroke flow was related to the decrease in systemic vascular resistance (P=0.03), increase in total arterial compliance (P=0.03), and decrease in arterial elastance (P=0.02).These results indicate a pressure-independent increase in the steady and pulsatile components of the arterial load in patients with AVS under resting conditions. Persistent "stiffening" of the arterial system is an important contributor to the diminished stroke output response to exercise in AVS.
Impaired immune response to vaccinia virus inoculated at the site of cutaneous allergic inflammation
Authors: Jordan E. Scott, Abdallah ElKhal, Eva-Jasmin Freyschmidt, Daniel H. MacArthur, Douglas McDonald, Michael D. Howell, Donald Y.M. Leung, Amale Laouar, N. Manjunath, Teresa Bianchi, Marianne Boes, Hans C. Oettgen, Raif S. Geha
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Prevalence, clinical features and prognosis of diastolic heart failure: An epidemiologic perspective
Authors: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Emelia J. Benjamin, Daniel Levy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

Numerous reports suggest that about one-third of patients with congestive heart failure do not have any abnormality of left ventricular systolic function. These patients presumably have heart failure on the basis of ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Our objective was to develop a comprehensive overview of published reports of the prevalence, clinical features and prognosis of diastolic heart failure and to offer recommendations for future studies. Thirty-one studies of patients with congestive heart failure with normal left ventricular systolic function were published in the time period from January 1970 through March 1995. These studies were identified with the use of computer-based searches in relevant data bases. Among patients with congestive heart failure, the prevalence of normal ventricular systolic performance in the published reports varies widely from 13% to 74%; the reported annual mortality rate also varies from 1.3% to 17.5%. The criteria for congestive heart failure, its chronicity and the age of the study sample affect the reported prevalence and prognosis of the disorder. The clinical signs and symptoms of diastolic heart failure are similar to those of patients with systolic heart failure, underscoring the need for evaluation of ventricular systolic function in patients with congestive heart failure. In the absence of any large-scale randomized clinical trial targeting these patients, the optimal treatment of diastolic heart failure is unclear. We conclude that the heterogeneity in previous studies of diastolic heart failure hinders the comparison of published reports. There is a need to conduct prospective, community-based investigations to better characterize the incidence, prevalence and natural history of diastolic heart failure. Randomized clinical trials are needed to determine optimal treatment strategies.
Fatigue, Anxiety, and Depression in Long-Term Survivors of Testicular Cancer
Authors: Sophie D. Fosså, Alv A. Dahl, Jon H. Loge
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To investigate the prevalence of chronic fatigue (CF), the levels of anxiety and depression, and the correlation between these conditions in long-term survivors of testicular cancer (TCSs). Occurrence of CF in TCSs is compared with findings in male survivors of Hodgkin's disease (HDSs) and in males from the general population (GenPop).TCSs, HDSs, and two cohorts of the GenPop completed the Fatigue Questionnaire (FQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as part of a questionnaire survey. Cases of CF were identified according to published cut-offs, and the levels of anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) were calculated.Among 791 TCSs, 16% displayed CF (HDSs, 24%; GenPop, 10%). In the age group younger than 30 years, the prevalence of CF was higher in TCSs than in the GenPop (P <.01). In TCSs, age, anxiety, depression, and comorbidity were independent predictors of CF. The mean HADS-A score in TCSs was significantly above the comparable figure of the GenPop and similar to that of HDSs. The mean HADS-D score in TCSs was below that of the GenPop. The highest and lowest mean scores of HADS-A and HADS-D were observed in the youngest TCSs.The prevalence of CF is less in TCSs than in HDSs but exceeds that of the GenPop. Together with comorbidity and age, anxiety and depression predict CF in TCSs, warranting psychiatric intervention for cases of CF among TCSs. Anxiety is a larger problem in TCSs than depression, particularly among the youngest TCSs.