tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oculomotor Palsy From Minor Head Trauma
Authors: E. Fletcher Eyster
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The initial sign of parasellar or clival tumor in three patients was an oculomotor palsy precipitated by a mild blow to the head, insufficient to cause fracture or loss of consciousness. Oculomotor nerves stretched over the tumor or partially encased and fixed by the tumor are vulnerable to sudden mechanical stress. Palsy of these nerves from a subconcussive blow is rare—when it does occur, we believe it dictates investigation for basal tumor.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Squamous Cell Cancer of the Anus: Epidemiology and Outcomes in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era
Authors: Elizabeth Y. Chiao, Thomas P. Giordano, Peter Richardson, Hashem B. El-Serag
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To evaluate and determine predictors of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) outcomes in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era for HIV-positive and -negative individuals using large national Veterans Affairs (VA) Administration databases.We used the VA administrative databases to perform a retrospective cohort study in 1,184 veterans diagnosed with SCCA between 1998 and 2004. We calculated HIV infection rates and used logistic regression to identify epidemiologic factors that were associated with HIV infection. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were calculated to compare survival between HIV-positive and HIV-negative veterans.In our cohort, 175 patients (15%) were HIV positive. The median age of the HIV-negative and -positive patients was 63 and 49 years, respectively (P < .001). Individuals with HIV were eight times more likely to be male (P = .01) and three times more likely to be African American (P < .001). There were no differences between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in the receipt of treatment. The 2-year observed survival rates were 77% and 75% among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals, respectively. In multivariate Cox analysis, significant predictors of survival were age, sex, metastasis at diagnosis, and comorbidity score. HIV infection did not affect survival.A noteworthy proportion of individuals with SCCA in the VA system are HIV positive. HIV-associated SCCA seems mainly to be a disease among younger men. Survival of SCCA is equivalent between HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in the HAART era. Treatment should not be withheld or deintensified based on HIV status.
Indian hedgehog gene transfer augments hematopoietic support of human stromal cells including NOD/SCID–ß2m–/– repopulating cells.
Authors: Masayoshi Kobune, Yoshinori Ito, Yutaka Kawano, Katsunori Sasaki, Hiroaki Uchida, Kiminori Nakamura, Hironari Dehari, Hiroki Chiba, Rishu Takimoto, Takuya Matsunaga, Takeshi Terui, Junji Kato, Yoshiro Niitsu, Hirofumi Hamada
Journal: Blood (2004)
Use of spectral analysis to test hypotheses on the origin of pinnipeds.
Authors: G. M. Lento, R. E. Hickson, G. K. Chambers, D. Penny
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1995)

The evolutionary origin of the pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) is still uncertain. Most authors support a hypothesis of a monophyletic origin of the pinnipeds from a caniform carnivore. A minority view suggests a diphyletic origin with true seals being related to the mustelids (otters and ferrets). The phylogenetic relationships of the walrus to other pinniped and carnivore families are also still particularly problematic. Here we examined the relative support for mono- and diphyletic hypotheses using DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial small subunit (12S) rRNA and cytochrome b genes. We first analyzed a small group of taxa representing the three pinniped families (Phocidae, Otariidae, and Odobenidae) and caniform carnivore families thought to be related to them. We inferred phylogenetic reconstructions from DNA sequence data using standard parsimony and neighbor-joining algorithms for phylogenetic inference as well as a new method called spectral analysis (Hendy and Penny) in which phylogenetic information is displayed independently of any selected tree. We identified and compensated for potential sources of error known to lead to selection of incorrect phylogenetic trees. These include sampling error, unequal evolutionary rates on lineages, unequal nucleotide composition among lineages, unequal rates of change at different sites, and inappropriate tree selection criteria. To correct for these errors, we performed additional transformations of the observed substitution patterns in the sequence data, applied more stringent structural constraints to the analyses, and included several additional taxa to help resolve long, unbranched lineages in the tree. We find that there is strong support for a monophyletic origin of the pinnipeds from within the caniform carnivores, close to the bear/raccoon/panda radiation. Evidence for a diphyletic origin was very weak and can be partially attributed to unequal nucleotide compositions among the taxa analyzed. Subsequently, there is slightly more evidence for grouping the walrus with the eared seals versus the true seals. A more conservative interpretation, however, is that the walrus is an early, but not the first, independent divergence from the common pinniped ancestor.
Effects of bilateral and unilateral stellate stimulation on canine ventricular refractory periods at sites overlapping innervation.
Authors: C W Haws, M J Burgess
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

The efffects of unilateral right, unilateral left, and bilateral stellate stimulation on ventricular refractory periods at sites of overlapping cardiac sympathetic innervation were studied in 11 pentobarbital anesthetized dogs. The stellates were stimulated with 10 Hz pulses 4 msec in duration with intensities strong enough to produce T wave changes in a vertical ECG lead and just below the intensity at which control of drive of the ventricle at a 400-msec cycle length was lost. Refractory periods shortened more with left stellate stimulation, 17.8 +/- 5.9 msec (mean +/- SD) than with right stellate stimulation, 10.3 +/- 5.1 msec, P less than 0.001. During bilateral stimulation, shortening of refractory periods was no greater whether stimulation was applied first to the left and then right stimulation was added, 19.7 +/- 6.9 msec, or the stimulation was applied first to the left and then right stimulation was added, 18.3 +/- 6.5 msec. The shortening of refractory periods with bilateral stellate stimulation was not significantly different from that with left stellate stimulation alone. The results of this study suggest that ventricular recovery properties in areas of overlapping cardiac sympathetic innervation are less influenced by increases in tone of the right sympathetics than by increases in left sympathetic tone. In addition, the findings indicate that a bilateral increase in cardiac sympathetic tone has no greater effect on recovery properties than the effects of the left cardiac sympathetics alone.
Use of high throughput T cell receptor (TCR) DNA sequencing to characterize T cell infusion products and track clonal expansion in vivo
Authors: Madeleine Strohl, Hallie Graor, Mei Zhang, Isabelle Rivers-McCue, John Ammori, Julian Kim
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts During the process of T cell priming to peptide antigens, the T cell receptor (TCR) undergoes gene rearrangements that result in a peptide-binding region (complementarity determining region, CDR) which can act as a unique molecular fingerprint for similar T cell clonotypes. The
Aerosol Transmission of Rauscher Murine Leukemia Virus&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Gaylord E. McKissick, Richard A. Griesemer, Robert L. Farrell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1970)

Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RMLV) was experimentally transmitted to BALB/c mice by exposure to an aerosol of RMLV. Mice in contact with aerosol-exposed cagemates also developed leukemia, indicative of horizontal transmission of RMLV. The leukemic response of the exposed mice was characterized by a diffuse neoplastic infiltration of the spleen and liver and dissemination of leukemic cells in the circulatory vascular system. These characteristics distinguished the response to RMLV from a spontaneous, aleukemic, multifocal, splenic reticulum cell sarcoma which occurred in aged survivors. The fact that aerosols of a leukemogenic virus are infectious emphasizes the potential hazards of laboratory infections to animals and man.
SOME ASPECTS OF MAXILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE
Authors: W. B. Brownlie
Journal: BMJ (1918)

MAXAILLARY ANTRUM DISEASE.[.n .onB 4O! candidates for admission as pilots.It does not matter wvlhether, as is most usual, thev are associate(d with an admittedl nervous breakdown or not.This is a frequeilt concomitant of cotncussion and shell shock.Of course, such1 svmptoms to te serious must be more thani transitory-that is, lasting two or three weeks at least.Thev are probably also less serious after a definiite accident or,injury thani if cominlg on as the resu1lt of pure mental worries in a neturasthenlic subject.With experienced flying officers the case is somewhat different, and after two or three months' rest and absence of symptoms they may safely be allowed to resume flyitlg-light base duties.But so far I have no lnotes or recollection of any who have sluecessfully tackled service as pilots after such a 'breakdowni if at all prolonged.Some have tried as observers, others as pilots, but they (lo not last.If ever they are to become fit for service
Scientists call for more multi-arm clinical trials to speed up approval of new drugs
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Experts have called for more multi-arm clinical trials instead of the traditional two arm studies, to allow new drugs to reach patients more quickly and to save money.

Academics from the Medical Research Council’s clinical trials unit have recommended a change in approach to trials, in a commentary published online in the Lancet on 25 July.1 Traditionally, researchers carry out a two arm study—where one treatment is compared with another—rather than doing a multi-arm trial, where several …
Can Axillary Lymphadenectomy Be Avoided in any Case of Sentinel Node Metastasis?
Authors: M. Giménez-Climent, B. Merck, N. Martínez- Alzamora, M. Fliquete Peris, C. Martínez-Carsí, S. Almenar-Medina, A. Bayón, F. Llopis-Martínez, M. Sancho, A. Ruíz, C. Vázquez-Albadalejo
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Axillary lymphadenectomy is the gold standard for sentinel node metastasis (SN). Metastasis rate of non – sentinel node (NSN) is related to tumor and SN metastasis sizes. In over 50% of cases of SN metastasis, the SN is the only node with neoplasm involvement. We have studied the variables that are known to influence most on SN metastasis (tumor size) and on NSN metastasis (size of the SN metastasis) with the aim to find out a subgroup of patients in whom axillary lymphadenectomy could be avoided despite of SN involvement.OBJECTIVE: To determine if lymphadenectomy is necessary in all patients with SN metastasis.MATERIAL AND METHOD: A sequential and prospectively maintained database was retrospectively searched, for patients staged with SN biopsy for breast carcinoma. We have reviewed 1285 consecutive breast cancer patients treated between December 1998 and April 2009, average age: 55 ± 12.5 years. SN localization was performed with isotopic (34%) or combined technique (66%). SN biopsy was associated to breast conserving technique in 79.8% of cases. The histopathologic study of SN consisted of serial sectioning, H&amp;E and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Ill). Comparisons of NSN tumoral infiltration among groups (negative SN, isolated tumoral cells (ITC) and SN micrometastasis) related to tumoral size were assessed by univariate analysis with contingency tables and χ2 test. Multivariate analysis was performed using a binary logistic regression model.RESULTS: Identification rate was of 95.8%. SN metastasis was detected in 418 patients, axillary lymphadenectomy was the treatment in 384 cases. The SN was the only metastatic lymph node in 276 patients (71.9%), whereas more involved nodes were found in 108 patients (28.1%). On multivariate analysis, the variables independently associated to SN metastasis were: age (p=0.005), tumor size (p&amp;lt;0.005) and lymphovascular infiltration (LVI) (p=0,005) and the size of the SN metastasis was an independent factor (p=0.005) related to NSN metastasis.In all the 150 cases where the tumor size was ≤ 10 mm, there was no significant difference in NSN involvement between the three forms of SN (negative, micrometastasis, ITC) (p=0,132).CONCLUSIONS: SN metastasis was associated to younger age, large tumor size and LVI. NSN metastasis, in case of SN involvement, is related to the extent of the SN metastasis. In tumors ≤ 10mm where a micrometastasis is found in the SN, axillary lymphadenectomy could be omitted, due to the insignificant difference related to NSN involvement. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1027.
Immunological Aspects of Cancers Arising from Thyroid Follicular Cells*
Authors: JAMES R. BAKER, CAROL K. FOSSO
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1993)

THIS review has been written to highlight the immunological aspects of cancers arising from thyroid follicular cells. It will examine the role the immune system may play in suppressing thyroid carcinomas, the antigenicity of these cancers, the influences immune effector elements (both cells and cytokines) have on these carcinomas, and the unique relationship between autoimmune thyroid disease and thyroid cancer. The limitations of current therapy for thyroid cancer will also be reviewed as an entree into the potential role for immunotherapy in the treatment of thyroid carcinomas. This is a propitious time to examine the topic for a number of reasons. Recently increased understanding of immune function and advances in cancer immunotherapies provide a basis for an examination of potential new immunotherapy for thyroid carcinoma. In this regard, it is important to remember that thyroid cancer was one of the first neoplasms treated by experimental immunotherapy. In addition, the radiation exposure from the Chernobyl accident has resulted in an increased incidence of thyroid cancer in eastern Europe. Thus, a review of what is known about the immunological aspects of thyroid carcinoma may provide a stimulus for renewed investigation into this subject at a time when novel therapies are especially needed.
Five-Year Angiographic Patency of Radial Artery Bypass Grafts
Authors: James Cameron, Shailendra Trivedi, Gregory Stafford, J. H. Nicholas Bett
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Little information exists regarding mid-term and long-term patency of radial artery grafts. Methods and Results— We performed restudy coronary angiography at 5.2±0.4 years after surgery on 50 asymptomatic patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery, using at least 1 radial artery graft, to determine both graft patency and presence of narrowing. We examined preoperative clinical or angiographic variables that might predict graft occlusion. Radial artery graft patency was 89%, with 91% of grafts free of narrowing. Preoperative New York Heart Association anginal class ≤2, target vessel proximal stenosis ≤70%, and small target vessel supply territory were predictive of graft occlusion. Conclusion— At 5 years after surgery, radial artery grafts have disease-free patency rates that are similar to other graft types.
Protection From Reperfusion Injury After Cardiac Transplantation by Inhibition of Adenosine Metabolism and Nucleotide Precursor Supply
Authors: Ryszard T. Smolenski, Olivier Raisky, Ewa M. Slominska, Haitham Abunasra, Kameljit K. Kalsi, Jay Jayakumar, Ken Suzuki, Magdi H. Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Adenosine (Ado) triggers numerous protective mechanisms in the heart that may attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac grafts. We aimed to establish whether sustained increase in endogenous Ado production by the combined application of Ado metabolism inhibitors and nucleotide precursors attenuates reperfusion injury in transplanted hearts.Rat hearts were collected after the infusion of St Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution, stored at 4 degrees C for 4 hours, and heterotopically transplanted into the abdomen of recipient rats. A solution containing Ado deaminase inhibitor erythro-9(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, Ado kinase inhibitor 5'-aminoadenosine, and nucleotide precursors adenine and ribose was administered at the time of reperfusion in the treated group, whereas saline was administered to control animals. After 1 or 24 hours, mechanical function of the transplanted hearts was evaluated in an ex vivo perfusion system followed by the determination of myocardial ATP with related metabolites and measurement of the activity of neutrophil-specific enzyme myeloperoxidase in cardiac homogenates. After 24 hours of reperfusion, maximum left ventricular developed pressure increased from 87.0+/-6.8 mm Hg (mean+/-SEM) in controls to 118.1+/-8.2 mm Hg in the treated group (P<0.05), ATP increased from 11.0+/-0.8 micromol/g dry wt in controls to 15.1+/-1.2 micromol/g dry wt in the treated group (P<0.01), and myeloperoxidase activity decreased from 2.23+/-0.60 U/g wet wt in controls to 0.58+/-0.12 U/g wet wt in the treated group (P<0.001). No differences in cardiac function, ATP, or myeloperoxidase activity were observed between the treated group and controls after 1 hour of reperfusion.The administration of Ado metabolism inhibitors with nucleotide precursors causes a sustained increase in endogenous Ado production and exerts a potent protective effect against reperfusion injury in transplanted hearts. Improved cardiac function and elevated ATP concentration were accompanied by complete amelioration of neutrophil infiltration in treated hearts, suggesting that reduction in postischemic inflammation could be an important mechanism of this protective effect.
Defective lysosomal proteolysis and axonal transport are early pathogenic events that worsen with age leading to increased APP metabolism and synaptic Abeta in transgenic APP/PS1 hippocampus
Authors: Manuel Torres, Sebastian Jimenez, Raquel Sanchez-Varo, Victoria Navarro, Laura Trujillo-Estrada, Elisabeth Sanchez-Mejias, Irene Carmona, Jose Carlos Davila, Marisa Vizuete, Antonia Gutierrez, Javier Vitorica
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Abstract Background Axonal pathology might constitute one of the earliest manifestations of Alzheimer disease. Axonal dystrophies were observed in Alzheimer’s patients and transgenic models at early ages. These axonal dystrophies could reflect the disruption of axonal transport and the accumulation of multiple vesicles at local points. It has been also proposed that dystrophies might interfere with normal intracellular proteolysis. In this work, we have investigated the progression of the hippocampal pathology and the possible implication in Abeta production in young (6 months) and aged (18 months) PS1(M146L)/APP(751sl) transgenic mice. Results Our data demonstrated the existence of a progressive, age-dependent, formation of axonal dystrophies, mainly located in contact with congophilic Abeta deposition, which exhibited tau and neurofilament hyperphosphorylation. This progressive pathology was paralleled with decreased expression of the motor proteins kinesin and dynein. Furthermore, we also observed an early decrease in the activity of cathepsins B and D, progressing to a deep inhibition of these lysosomal proteases at late ages. This lysosomal impairment could be responsible for the accumulation of LC3-II and ubiquitinated proteins within axonal dystrophies. We have also investigated the repercussion of these deficiencies on the APP metabolism. Our data demonstrated the existence of an increase in the amyloidogenic pathway, which was reflected by the accumulation of hAPPfl, C99 fragment, intracellular Abeta in parallel with an increase in BACE and gamma-secretase activities. In vitro experiments, using APPswe transfected N2a cells, demonstrated that any imbalance on the proteolytic systems reproduced the in vivo alterations in APP metabolism. Finally, our data also demonstrated that Abeta peptides were preferentially accumulated in isolated synaptosomes. Conclusion A progressive age-dependent cytoskeletal pathology along with a reduction of lysosomal and, in minor extent, proteasomal activity could be directly implicated in the progressive accumulation of APP derived fragments (and Abeta peptides) in parallel with the increase of BACE-1 and gamma-secretase activities. This retard in the APP metabolism seemed to be directly implicated in the synaptic Abeta accumulation and, in consequence, in the pathology progression between synaptically connected regions.
Regression of Liver Metastases After Treatment With Oxaliplatin/Capecitabine and Development of a Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Patient With Advanced Thymoma
Authors: Annkristin Heine, Alexandra Schmiedel, Thomas Menschik, Stefanie Andrea Erika Held, Christoph Erdmann, Peter Brossart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)
Cloning and characterization of microRNAs from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Yingyin Yao, Ganggang Guo, Zhongfu Ni, Ramanjulu Sunkar, Jinkun Du, Jian-Kang Zhu, Qixin Sun
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding regulatory RNAs that regulate gene expression by guiding target mRNA cleavage or translational inhibition. So far, identification of miRNAs has been limited to a few model plant species, such as Arabidopsis , rice and Populus , whose genomes have been sequenced. Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide. To date, only a few conserved miRNAs have been predicted in wheat and the computational identification of wheat miRNAs requires the genome sequence, which is unknown. Results To identify novel as well as conserved miRNAs in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), we constructed a small RNA library. High throughput sequencing of the library and subsequent analysis revealed the identification of 58 miRNAs, comprising 43 miRNA families. Of these, 35 miRNAs belong to 20 conserved miRNA families. The remaining 23 miRNAs are novel and form 23 miRNA families in wheat; more importantly, 4 of these new miRNAs (miR506, miR510, miR514 and miR516) appear to be monocot-specific. Northern blot analysis indicated that some of the new miRNAs are preferentially expressed in certain tissues. Based on sequence homology, we predicted 46 potential targets. Thus, we have identified a large number of monocot-specific and wheat-specific miRNAs. These results indicate that both conserved and wheat-specific miRNAs play important roles in wheat growth and development, stress responses and other physiological processes. Conclusion This study led to the discovery of 58 wheat miRNAs comprising 43 miRNA families; 20 of these families are conserved and 23 are novel in wheat. It provides a first large scale cloning and characterization of wheat miRNAs and their predicted targets.