tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does Age Really Matter? Recall of Information Presented to Newly Referred Patients With Cancer
Authors: Jesse Jansen, Phyllis N. Butow, Julia C.M. van Weert, Sandra van Dulmen, Rhonda J. Devine, Thea J. Heeren, Jozien M. Bensing, Martin H.N. Tattersall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To examine age- and age-related differences in recall of information provided during oncology consultations.Two hundred sixty patients with cancer diagnosed with heterogeneous cancers, seeing a medical or radiation oncologist for the first time, participated in the study. Patients completed questionnaires assessing information needs and anxiety. Recall of information provided was measured using a structured telephone interview in which patients were prompted to remember details physicians gave about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Recall was checked against the actual communication in audio-recordings of the consultations.Recall decreased significantly with age, but only when total amount of information presented was taken into account. This indicates that if more information is discussed, older patients have more trouble remembering the information than younger ones. In addition, recall was selectively influenced by prognosis. First, patients with a poorer prognosis recalled less. Next, the more information was provided about prognosis, the less information patients recalled, regardless of their actual prognosis.Recall is not simply a function of patient age. Age only predicts recall when controlling for amount of information presented. Both prognosis and information about prognosis are better predictors of recall than age. These results provide important insights into intervention strategies to improve information recall in patients with cancer.
Observations on folate absorption with particular reference to folate polyglutamate and possible inhibitors to its absorption
Authors: J. Perry, I. Chanarin
Journal: Gut (1972)

A test system for detection of inhibitors to the enzyme which removes the glutamic acid peptide chain from folate polyglutamates (folate conjugase) is described. This utilizes the reaction between plasma conjugase and the folate polyglutamate in red blood cell haemolysate. Diphenylhydantoin and yeast extracts did not inhibit plasma conjugase. The better absorption of monoglutamate forms of folate as compared to polyglutamate forms was confirmed. Polyglutamates were absorbed normally by patients with pernicious anaemia, suggesting that conjugase enzymes (optimally active at <i>p</i>H 4·5) did not normally function to a significant extent in the gut lumen. Diphenylhydantoin and bicarbonate did not interfere with absorption of either mono- or polyglutamate forms of folate.
Individualized Prediction of Colon Cancer Recurrence Using a Nomogram
Authors: Martin R. Weiser, Ron G. Landmann, Michael W. Kattan, Mithat Gonen, Jinru Shia, Joanne Chou, Philip B. Paty, José G. Guillem, Larissa K. Temple, Deborah Schrag, Leonard B. Saltz, W. Douglas Wong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Estimates of recurrence after curative colon cancer surgery are integral to patient care, forming the basis of cancer staging and treatment planning. The categoric staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) is commonly used to convey risk by grouping patients based on anatomic elements. Although easy to implement, there remains significant heterogeneity within each stage grouping. In the era of multimodality treatment, a more refined tool is needed to predict recurrence.An institutional database of 1,320 patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer was used to develop a nomogram to estimate recurrence after curative surgery. Prognostic factors were assessed with multivariable analysis using Cox regression, whereas nonlinear continuous variables were modeled with cubic splines. The model was internally validated with bootstrapping, and performance was assessed by concordance index and a calibration curve.The colon cancer recurrence nomogram predicted relapse with a concordance index of 0.77, improving on the stratification provided by either the AJCC fifth or sixth staging scheme. Factors in the model included patient age, tumor location, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen, T stage, numbers of positive and negative lymph nodes, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and use of postoperative chemotherapy.Using common clinicopathologic factors, the recurrence nomogram is better able to account for tumor and patient heterogeneity, thereby providing a more individualized outcome prognostication than that afforded by the AJCC categoric system. By identifying both the high- and low-risk patients within any particular stage, the nomogram is expected to aid in treatment planning and future trial design.
Relationship of Hepatic Functional Imaging to Irinotecan Pharmacokinetics and Genetic Parameters of Drug Elimination
Authors: Michael Michael, Mick Thompson, Rod J. Hicks, Paul L. Mitchell, Andrew Ellis, Alvin D. Milner, Julia Di Iulio, Andrew M. Scott, Volker Gurtler, Janelle M. Hoskins, Stephen J. Clarke, Niall C. Tebbut, Kian Foo, Michael Jefford, John R. Zalcberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

The marked variability of irinotecan (Ir) clearance warrants individualized dosing based on hepatic drug handling. The aims of this trial were to identify parameters from functional hepatic nuclear imaging (HNI) that correlate with (1) Ir pharmacology, and (2) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) and UGT-1A1 genes, known to influence Ir handling.Patients underwent genotyping for ABCB1 SNPs and UTUGT-1A1*28 carriage and HNI with 99mTc-DIDA (acetanilidoiminodiacetic acid)/99mTc-DISIDA (disofenin) and MIBI (99mTc-sestamibi) scans, probes for biliary transport proteins ABCC1 and -2, and ABCB1 function. HNI data were analyzed by noncompartmental and deconvolutional analysis to provide hepatic extraction and biliary excretion parameters. Patients received Ir, fluorouracil, and folinic acid using a weekly x2, every-3-weeks schedule. Plasma was taken for Ir and SN-38 analysis on day 1, cycle 1.Of the 21 patients accrued, Ir pharmacokinetics data were obtained from 16 patients. 99mTc-DIDA/DISIDA percent retention at 1 hour (1-hour RET) correlated to baseline serum bilirubin (P = .008). Both 99mTc-DIDA/DISIDA and MIBI 1-hour RET correlated with SN-38 area under the curve (AUC; P < .01). On multiple regression analysis, SN-38 AUC = -215 + 18.68 x bilirubin + 4.27 x MIBI 1-hour RET (P = .009, R2 = 44.2%). HNI parameters did not correlate with Ir toxicity or UGT1A1*28 carriage. MIBI excretion was prolonged in patients with the ABCB1 exon 26 TT variant allele relative to wild-type (P = .015).Functional imaging of hepatic uptake and excretory pathways may have potential to predict Ir pharmacokinetics. Evaluation of a larger cohort as well as polymorphisms in other biliary transporters and UGT1A1 alleles is warranted.
Production of nitric oxide in the synovial membrane of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis patients.
Authors: I B McInnes, B P Leung, M Field, X Q Wei, F P Huang, R D Sturrock, A Kinninmonth, J Weidner, R Mumford, F Y Liew
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

We have demonstrated spontaneous nitric oxide (NO) production by primary synovial cultures from rheumatoid (RA) and osteoarthritis patients. Increased NO production followed addition of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Immunochemical double staining with specific anti-human inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and nonspecific esterase (NSE), or anti-CD68 (markers for tissue macrophages) showed that although many lining layer cells in RA synovium expressed iNOS, most (approximately 90%) were NSE- and CD68-, with only a minor population (approximately 10%) which were iNOS+, CD68+/NSE+. These data demonstrate the capacity for high output of NO by human synovial tissue and show that, although human macrophages can express high levels of iNOS, the majority of cells expressing iNOS are fibroblasts. We also report that synoviocytes, and macrophage cell lines, cultured with the NO donor, S-nitroso-acetyl penicillamine, produced high concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. These results suggest that NO may mediate pathology in RA through the induction of TNF-alpha production.
Similarities and discrepancies between exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: L. Fabbri, B. Beghe, G. Caramori, A. Papi, M. Saetta
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways which causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough, symptoms which are usually associated with reversible airflow limitation.1 2 This definition includes the recurrence of respiratory symptoms which might be otherwise classified as asthma exacerbations. However, the term asthma exacerbation is usually reserved for more severe and/or more persistent respiratory symptoms requiring a prolonged increase of current antiasthma medication.1 2 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a progressive airflow limitation, mostly irreversible.3 4 The term COPD includes patients with obstructive chronic bronchitis and/or pulmonary emphysema.3 4 Patients with moderate or severe persistent asthma may also have an irreversible component of airflow limitation, and thus they may also be included in the definition of COPD.3 The definition of COPD does not include exacerbations,3-5 even if exacerbations are the main cause of medical intervention and admission to hospital in these patients.

Recent guidelines provide classifications of exacerbations of asthma and COPD based on clinical parameters.1-4 6Although these classifications may provide a useful tool for clinical studies, they are not standardised and they are rather cumbersome and difficult to use in clinical practice. The definitions derived from the literature are operational and vary with investigators.7-14 In this article we will try to provide some definitions to be subsequently used to discuss the pathogenesis and treatment of the two diseases.

Mild exacerbations of asthma may be defined as increased intensity or frequency of symptoms and/or worsened lung function—that is, decreased forced expiratory flows or increased variability of peak expiratory flow—that force the patient either to change prescribed treatment and/or to seek medical attention.13 14 The borderline between ongoing symptoms with frequent use of rescue medication and mild exacerbations may be difficult …
Structural changes in calcium‐binding allergens: use of circular dichroism to study binding characteristics
Authors: D. Hebenstreit, F. Ferreira
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Several studies showed that calcium-binding proteins have a fixed place in the spectrum of allergenic substances. Often the binding of a calcium ion induces conformational changes and affects immunoglobulin E-binding to the allergen. Hence, the quantitative characterization of the binding to calcium is of importance to understand both the biologic and allergenic activity of these proteins.In the present study we describe a procedure for determining the stoichiometry and dissociation constant (K(D)) of calcium-binding allergens using circular dichroism (CD) techniques. For the experiments, we used recombinant Bet v 4, a two EF-hand allergen from birch pollen.Solutions of Bet v 4 were titrated with calcium and the change in molar ellipticity at 222 nm was monitored with a CD spectropolarimeter.The determination of the binding stoichiometry as well as of the K(D) for one EF-hand (4 microM) demonstrated the applicability of the method.CD-monitored calcium-titration of protein solutions represents a fast and easy method for determining the binding characteristics of calcium-binding allergens.
Spatio-Temporal Control of Gene Expression and Cancer Treatment Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Guided Focused Ultrasound
Authors: Chrit T.W. Moonen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Local temperature elevation may be used for tumor ablation, gene expression, drug activation, and gene and/or drug delivery. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is the only clinically viable technology that can be used to achieve a local temperature increase deep inside the human body in a noninvasive way. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance of the procedure allows in situ target definition and identification of nearby healthy tissue to be spared. In addition, MRI can be used to provide continuous temperature mapping during HIFU for spatial and temporal control of the heating procedure and prediction of the final lesion based on the received thermal dose. The primary purpose of the development of MRI-guided HIFU was to achieve safe noninvasive tissue ablation. The technique has been tested extensively in preclinical studies and is now accepted in the clinic for ablation of uterine fibroids. MRI-guided HIFU for ablation shows conceptual similarities with radiation therapy. However, thermal damage generally shows threshold-like behavior, with necrosis above the critical thermal dose and full recovery below. MRI-guided HIFU is being clinically evaluated in the cancer field. The technology also shows great promise for a variety of advanced therapeutic methods, such as gene therapy. MR-guided HIFU, together with the use of a temperature-sensitive promoter, provides local, physical, and spatio-temporal control of transgene expression. Specially designed contrast agents, together with the combined use of MRI and ultrasound, may be used for local gene and drug delivery.
High production of proinflammatory and Th1 cytokines by dendritic cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and down regulation upon Fc R triggering
Authors: T R D J Radstake
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To assess whether DC from RA produce altered cytokine levels and whether this is regulated by triggering of Fc gamma receptors (FcgammaR).The production of proinflammatory (TNFalpha, IL1, IL6), Th1 (IL12, IFNgamma), and Th2 (IL10) cytokine profiles of immature DC (iDC) from patients with RA and healthy subjects upon triggering of FcgammaR dependent and independent pathways was investigated. iDC, derived from blood monocytes by standardised protocols, were stimulated with immune complexes (IC) at day 6 for 48 hours and, subsequently, for 2 days with LPS in the presence or absence of IC or IFNgamma, resulting in fully matured DC (mDC). IL1, IL6, TNFalpha, IFNgamma, IL12, and IL10 levels in supernatants were measured by ELISA and RIA.mDC from patients with RA showed a markedly increased production of IL1, IL6, TNFalpha, and IL10 compared with DC from healthy donors. Triggering of FcgammaR decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL1, IL12, and IFNgamma by iDC and mDC in RA and controls. The production of IL6 and TNFalpha decreased in patients with RA, whereas it was increased in controls. Triggering of FcgammaR independent mechanisms using IFNgamma increased the production of proinflammatory and Th1 cytokines, which was more pronounced in RA.FcgammaR dependent pathways influence cytokine production by DC. A skewed balance towards proinflammatory and Th1 cytokines in RA can, at least partly, be restored by triggering FcgammaR on DC in RA. Insight into the mechanism which determines the FcgammaR balance might lead to new strategies to abrogate Th1 driven inflammatory processes in RA.
AMNESIA, REAL AND FEIGNED
Authors: WILLIAM G. LENNOX
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1943)

Three main groups of causes or types of amnesia are: First, pathological, which may follow certain induced conditions such as head injury, fever, hypoglycemia, drugs and alcohol or may be inherent such as the amnesia associated with various types of epileptic seizures. Second, are psychological amnesias, usually diagnosed as psychoneurosis or hysterias. Third, is feigned amnesia. The distinctive features and the legal complications of these various types of amnesia are discussed. The electroencephalogram ram seems to provide evidence which in many cases may assist in distinguishing pathological amnesia from the other forms. In those cases in which an illegal act is the result of a period of amnesia which in turn is accompanied by a disorder of the electrical waves of the brain, treatment by means of medicine instead of by incarceration seems reasonable. Intensive research on this point is urgently needed.
Work disability in inflammatory bowel disease patients 10 years after disease onset: results from the IBSEN Study
Authors: Marte Lie Høivik, Bjørn Moum, Inger Camilla Solberg, Magne Henriksen, Milada Cvancarova, Tomm Bernklev
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> To compare the work disability (WD) rate in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients 10 years after disease onset, with the WD rate in the background population,and to assess whether clinical or demographic factors in the early disease course could predict WD after 10 years disease. <h3>Design</h3> A large, population-based inception cohort (the Inflammatory Bowel in South Eastern Norway cohort) was prospectively followed up at 1, 5 and 10 years after diagnosis. At the 10-year follow-up data on WD were collected. Data on disability pension (DP) in the background population were retrieved from public databases. We calculated overall and age-standardised relative risks (RR) for DP. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine predictive factors. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 518 patients completed the 10-year follow-up (response rate 83.5%). The overall disability rate in the IBD population was 18.8%, and the RR was 1.8 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.3) for ulcerative colitis (UC) and 2.0 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.7) for Crohn9s disease (CD). The RR for DP was highest in patients aged below 40 years while patients aged over 60 years had no increased RR. Steroid treatment at the 1-year follow-up predicted WD after 10 years disease in both CD and UC. In UC, increased C-reactive protein (CRP) or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at diagnosis, early colectomy, and more than two relapses during the first year of the disease also predicted WD. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Ten years after disease onset IBD patients had an increased RR for DP as compared with the background population. The youngest patients had the highest RR. Markers of severe disease course predicted WD.
Immunoglobulin with complementary paratope and idiotope.
Authors: C Y Kang, H Kohler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

A hybridoma antibody (11E7-1) was isolated from a myeloma fusion with nu/nu BALB/c immunized against the T15 idiotype. This IgM antibody exhibited a dual specificity, binding both to PC and to anti-PC antibodies from two idiotype families. Binding to PC and anti-PC antibodies are completely inhibited by PC analogs. Furthermore, the hybridoma antibody binds to itself. Self-binding is also inhibited by PC analogs. From these data, we suggest that 11E7-1 hybridoma antibody has a PC-specific paratope site, and at same time expresses the internal PC antigen idiotope. The term autobody is proposed to signify its self-binding and potential role in autoimmunity. Autobodies may have a unique role in the network of immune system. Furthermore, it may be a model for designing idiotype vaccines.
HMGA Proteins Up-regulate <i>CCNB2</i> Gene in Mouse and Human Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Ivana De Martino, Rosa Visone, Anne Wierinckx, Dario Palmieri, Angelo Ferraro, Paolo Cappabianca, Gennaro Chiappetta, Floriana Forzati, Gaetano Lombardi, Annamaria Colao, Jacqueline Trouillas, Monica Fedele, Alfredo Fusco
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The high mobility group As (HMGAs) belong to a family of nonhistone nuclear proteins that orchestrate the assembly of nucleoprotein complexes. Through a complex network of protein-DNA and protein-protein interaction, they play important roles in gene transcription, recombination, and chromatin structure. This protein family is involved, through different mechanisms, in both benign and malignant neoplasias. We have recently reported that transgenic mice carrying the Hmga1 or Hmga2 genes under transcriptional control of the cytomegalovirus promoter develop pituitary adenomas secreting prolactin and growth hormone. We have shown that the mechanism of the HMGA2-induced pituitary adenoma is based on the increased E2F1 activity. The expression profile of mouse normal pituitary glands and adenomas induced in HMGA transgenic mice revealed an increased expression of the ccnb2 gene, coding for the cyclin B2 protein, in the neoplastic tissues compared with the normal pituitary gland. Here, we show, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, a direct binding of HMGA proteins to the promoter of ccnb2 gene, whereas luciferase assays showed that HMGAs are able to up-regulate ccnb2 promoter activity. Finally, we report an increased CCNB2 expression in human pituitary adenomas of different histotypes that is directly correlated with HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression. Because cyclin B2 is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, these results taken together indicate that HMGA-induced cyclin B2 overexpression gives an important contribution to experimental and human pituitary tumorigenesis. [Cancer Res 2009;69(5):1844–50]
Consensus communication on early peanut introduction and the prevention of peanut allergy in high-risk infants
Authors: David M. Fleischer, Scott Sicherer, Matthew Greenhawt, Dianne Campbell, Edmond Chan, Antonella Muraro, Susanne Halken, Yitzhak Katz, Motohiro Ebisawa, Lawrence Eichenfield, Hugh Sampson, Gideon Lack, George Du Toit, Graham Roberts, Henry Bahnson, Mary Feeney, Jonathan Hourihane, Jonathan Spergel, Michael Young, Amal As'aad, Katrina Allen, Susan Prescott, Sandeep Kapur, Hirohisa Saito, Ioana Agache, Cezmi A. Akdis, Hasan Arshad, Kirsten Beyer, Anthony Dubois, Philippe Eigenmann, Monserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Kate Grimshaw, Karin Hoffman-Sommergruber, Arne Host, Susanne Lau, Liam O'Mahony, Clare Mills, Nikolaus Papadopoulos, Carina Venter, Nancy Agmon-Levin, Aaron Kessel, Richard Antaya, Beth Drolet, Lanny Rosenwasser
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Trends in the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Asians Versus Whites
Authors: Ji Won R. Lee, Frederick L. Brancati, Hsin-Chieh Yeh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To examine trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and related conditions in Asian Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites.We analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 1997 to 2008 to construct a nationally representative sample of 230,503 U.S. adults aged ≥ 18 years. Of these adults, 11,056 identified themselves as Asian Americans and 219,447 as non-Hispanic whites.The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of type 2 diabetes was higher in Asian Americans than in whites throughout the study period (4.3-8.2% vs. 3.8-6.0%), and there was a significant upward trend in both ethnic groups (P < 0.01). BMI also was increased in both groups, but age- and sex-adjusted BMI was consistently lower in Asian Americans. In fully adjusted logistic regression models, Asian Americans remained 30-50% more likely to have diabetes than their white counterparts. In addition, Asian Indians had the highest odds of prevalent type 2 diabetes, followed by Filipinos, other Asians, and Chinese.Compared with their white counterparts, Asian Americans have a significantly higher risk for type 2 diabetes, despite having substantially lower BMI. Additional investigation of this disparity is warranted, with the aim of tailoring optimal diabetes prevention strategies to Asian Americans.