tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LOW BACK PAIN IN YOUNG TEAM SPORT PLAYERS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: K Pasanen, M Rossi, A Heinonen, J Parkkari, P Kannus
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint in general population affecting both genders and almost all age-groups. LBP is a common problem in sports as well, even in younger populations. LBP is prone to recur, thus there is a need for studies on the early phases of the problem in different sports. Objective To investigate the prevalence, nature, severity and risk factors of self-reported LBP in young team sport players. Design A retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Finnish female and male basketball, floorball, ice hockey and volleyball teams. Participants This study is a part of an ongoing cohort study exploring risk factors for sports injuries. Players from 22 teams, a total of 464 young players (16±1.9 years), have been included. Risk factor assessment Players' gender, age, sport and family LBP history were assessed as risk factors. Main outcome measurements Prevalence of LBP provided by a standardized Nordic questionnaire. LBP was defined: ache, pain or discomfort of lumbar region with or without radiation to one or both legs. Results 255 (54.9 %) of all players had suffered LBP during the previous year. 73 (15.7 %) had received medical attention for LBP. 51 players (11.0 %) had suffered over 4 weeks' total duration of pain symptoms during the previous year. 80 (17.2 %) reported missing training because of LBP. Male players had more time-loss from training due to LBP than females. Family history of LBP and higher age were associated with LBP in players. Conclusions Low back pain is a relatively common complaint in young team sport players. Preventive measures are needed to reduce low back pain in youth sports.
ST-Segment Recovery and Outcome After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Christopher E. Buller, Yuling Fu, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Thomas G. Todaro, Peter Adams, Cynthia M. Westerhout, Harvey D. White, Arnoud W.J. van 't Hof, Frans J. Van de Werf, Galen S. Wagner, Christopher B. Granger, Paul W. Armstrong
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty is an effective and widely adopted treatment for acute myocardial infarction. A simple method of determining prognosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) would facilitate appropriate care and expedite hospital discharge. Thus, we determined the prognostic importance of various measures of ST-segment-elevation recovery after primary PCI in a large, contemporary cohort of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.We analyzed ECG data describing the magnitude and extent of ST-segment elevation and deviation before and early after (ie, 30 minutes) primary PCI in the study cohort of 4866 subjects with electrocardiographically high-risk ST-elevation myocardial infarction enrolled in the Assessment of PEXelizumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction (APEX-AMI) trial. Associations among 6 methods for calculating ST-segment recovery, biomarker estimates of infarct size (ie, peak creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, and troponin I and T), and prespecified clinical outcomes (ie, rates of 90-day death and 90-day death, heart failure, or shock) were examined. All ST-segment-recovery methods provided strong prognostic information regarding clinical outcomes. A simple ST-segment-recovery method of residual ST-segment elevation measurement in the most affected lead on the post-PCI ECG performed as well as complex methods that required comparison of pre- and post-PCI ECGs or calculation of summed ST-segment deviation in multiple leads (ie, worst-lead residual ST elevation: adjusted hazard ratio for 90-day death rate [reference <1 mm]: 1 to <2 mm, 1.23 [95% CI 0.74 to 2.03]; > or =2 mm, 2.22 [95% CI 1.35 to 3.65], corrected c-index=0.832; 90-day death/congestive heart failure/shock [reference <1 mm]: 1 to <2 mm, 1.55 [95% CI 1.06 to 2.26]; > or =2 mm, 2.33 [95% CI 1.59 to 3.41], corrected c-index=0.802). Biomarker estimates of infarct size declined in association with enhanced ST-segment recovery.An ECG performed early after primary PCI is a simple, widely available, inexpensive, and powerful prognostic tool applicable to patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Urticaria caused by sensitization to aztreonam
Authors: R. de la Fuente Prieto, A. Armentia Medina, P. Sanchez Palla, J. M. Diez Perez, M. E. Sanchis Merino, A. Fernandez Garcia
Journal: Allergy (1993)

A 72‐year‐old woman presented with generalized urticaria after receiving an injection of aztreonam. After successive in vitro and in vivo studies, allergy to aztreonam with a good tolerance of the other β‐lactams was diagnosed.
Reply to D.H. Palmer
Authors: Zhen-Wei Peng, Min-Shan Chen, Wan-Yee Lau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

We would like to respond to the letter by Palmer 1 regarding our article. 2ven now, there are still no universally accepted follow-up protocols after treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.In our study, 2 patients were followed up with once every 3 months for the first 2 years after radiofrequency ablation (RFA).The follow-up visits were adjusted to once every 6 months between 2 and 5 years after treatment, and then to once every 12 months after 5 years.At each follow-up visit, ultrasound combined with alpha fetoprotein were administered to detect liver recurrences.Chest radiography was done once every 6 months to detect pulmonary metastasis.Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and bone scintigraphy were done when clinically indicated.We think this follow-up protocol is reasonable, given that the recurrence rates after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with RFA (TACE-RFA) or RFA in our study was comparable with that reported by other authors 3-9 using regular contrast-enhanced cross sectional imaging.On follow-up, 33 and 52 patients in our study developed intrahepatic recurrence in the TACE-RFA group and the RFA group, respectively.There was no significant difference between these two groups in recurrence patterns (Table 1).In addition, the use of second-line therapies was similar between the two groups in terms of additional TACE, RFA, systemic chemotherapy, and conservative treatment.As a consequence, we beg to differ with Palmer 1 that the difference in outcomes primarily reflects a primary treatment effect rather than the use of second-line treatments or the patterns of relapse.
Association of autoimmune hepatitis with HLA-Bw54 and DR4 in Japanese patients
Authors: Takeshi Seki, Kendo Kiyosawa, Hidetoshi Inoko, Masao Ota
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Human leukocyte antigen-D region-related alleles (human leukocyte antigen DR and DQ) and human leukocyte antigen class I alleles were typed serologically in 31 Japanese patients with autoimmune hepatitis. These patients had increased serum levels of AST and IgG, high titers of autoantibodies, no history of blood transfusion and were negative for HBsAg and antibodies to HBc. Three hundred eighty-six healthy subjects and 30 patients with cryptogenic chronic hepatitis served as control groups. The frequency of DR4 was significantly higher in autoimmune hepatitis patients (90.3%) than in healthy subjects (38.6%) and in cryptogenic chronic hepatitis patients (30%). The frequency of Bw54 was significantly higher in autoimmune hepatitis patients (45.2%) than in healthy subjects (10.9%). The risk to DR4-positive subjects for autoimmune hepatitis was 14.8 relative to healthy subjects. Two of 31 patients (6.5%) with autoimmune hepatitis were positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus; both clearly satisfied criteria for autoimmune hepatitis and both had Bw54 and DR4. This study revealed a highly significant association of autoimmune hepatitis with human leukocyte antigen Bw54 and DR4 in Japanese patients. Among the DR4-positive patients with autoimmune hepatitis, no significant differences were seen between those positive or negative for Bw54 with regard to clinical or laboratory data, relapse of disease or efficacy of prednisolone. Thus human leukocyte antigen class II alleles contribute to susceptibility and resistance to autoimmune hepatitis in Japanese patients, with distinct racial differences from those in white patients.
Quantifying the Slightly Deleterious Mutation Model of Molecular Evolution
Authors: Adam Eyre-Walker, Peter D. Keightley, Nick G. C. Smith, Daniel Gaffney
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

We have attempted to quantify the frequency and effects of slightly deleterious mutations (SDMs), those that have selective effects close to the reciprocal of the effective population size of a species, by comparing the level of selective constraint in protein-coding genes of related species that have different present-day effective population sizes. In our two comparisons, the species with the smaller effective population size showed lower constraint, implying that SDMs had become fixed. The fixation of SDMs was supported by the observation of a higher fraction of radical to conservative amino acid substitutions in species with smaller effective population sizes. The fraction of strongly deleterious mutations (which rarely become fixed) is >70% in most species. Only ∼10% or fewer of mutations seem to behave as SDMs, but SDMs could comprise a substantial fraction of mutations in protein-coding genes that have a chance of becoming fixed between species.
Thanks for the memories: Extending the hippocampal-diencephalic mnemonic system
Authors: John P. Aggleton, Malcolm W. Brown
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The goal of our target article was to review a number of emerging facts about the effects of limbic damage on memory in humans and animals, and about divisions within recognition memory in humans. We then argued that this information can be synthesized to produce a new view of the substrates of episodic memory. The key pathway in this system is from the hippocampus to the anterior thalamic nuclei. There seems to be a general agreement that the importance of this pathway has previously been underestimated and that it warrants further study. At the same time, a number of key questions remain. These concern the relationship of this system to another temporal-lobe/diencephalic system that contributes to recognition, and the relationship of these systems to prefrontal cortex activity.
Preventing head and neck injury: Table 1
Authors: A S McIntosh, P McCrory
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

A wide range of head and neck injury risks are present in sport, including catastrophic injury. The literature since 1980 on prevention of head and neck injury in sport was reviewed, focusing on catastrophic and brain injury and identifying the range of injury prevention methods in use. There have been few formal evaluations of injury prevention methods. Approaches that are considered, or have been proven, to be successful in preventing injury include: modification of the baseball; implementation of helmet standards in ice hockey and American football and increased wearing rates; use of full faceguards in ice hockey; changes in rules associated with body contact; implementation of rules to reduce the impact forces in rugby scrums. Helmets and other devices have been shown to reduce the risk of severe head and facial injury, but current designs appear to make little difference to rates of concussion. Research methods involving epidemiological, medical, and human factors are required in combination with biomechanical and technological approaches to reduce further injury risks in sport.
Isn’t This Just Bedtime Snacking?
Authors: Shereen A. Morse, Paul S. Ciechanowski, Wayne J. Katon, Irl B. Hirsch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Night-eating syndrome is characterized by excessive eating in the evening and nocturnal awakening with ingestion of food. Psychosocial variables and emotional triggers may be associated with these behaviors. In patients with diabetes, such behaviors may lead to glucose dysregulation and contribute to obesity and complications.In 714 tertiary care patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, we determined the proportion of patients reporting eating >25% of their daily food intake after regular suppertime. We also screened patients for major depression, childhood maltreatment histories, nonsecure attachment styles, and emotional eating triggers. We examined whether patients reporting night-eating behaviors had greater psychosocial distress, higher HbA(1c) (A1C) levels, more obesity, and more diabetes complications compared with patients without night-eating behaviors.Night-eating behaviors were reported in 9.7% of patients. Compared with patients without night-eating behaviors, those with these behaviors were less adherent with diet, exercise, and glucose monitoring and more likely to be depressed, to report childhood maltreatment histories, to have nonsecure attachment styles, and to report eating in response to anger, sadness, loneliness, worry, and being upset. Controlling for age, sex, race, and major depression, patients with night-eating behaviors, compared with patients without night-eating behaviors, were more likely to be obese (odds ratio 2.6 [95% CI 1.5-4.5]), to have A1C values >7% (2.2 [1.1-4.1]) and to have two or more diabetes complications (2.6 [1.5-4.5]).Night-eating behaviors are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with diabetes. Use of clinical screening tools may help identify patients with night-eating behaviors.
Male Body Image in Taiwan Versus the West:<i>Yanggang Zhiqi</i>Meets the Adonis Complex
Authors: Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang, Peter Gray, Harrison G. Pope
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: Body image disorders appear to be more prevalent in Western than non-Western men. Previous studies by the authors have shown that young Western men display unrealistic body ideals and that Western advertising seems to place an increasing value on the male body. The authors hypothesized that Taiwanese men would exhibit less dissatisfaction with their bodies than Western men and that Taiwanese advertising would place less value on the male body than Western media. METHOD: The authors administered a computerized test of body image to 55 heterosexual men in Taiwan and compared the results to those previously obtained in an identical study in the United States and Europe. Second, they counted the number of undressed male and female models in American versus Taiwanese women's magazine advertisements. RESULTS: In the body image study, the Taiwanese men exhibited significantly less body dissatisfaction than their Western counterparts. In the magazine study, American magazine advertisements portrayed undressed Western men frequently, but Taiwanese magazines portrayed undressed Asian men rarely. CONCLUSIONS: Taiwan appears less preoccupied with male body image than Western societies. This difference may reflect 1) Western traditions emphasizing muscularity and fitness as a measure of masculinity, 2) increasing exposure of Western men to muscular male bodies in media images, and 3) greater decline in traditional male roles in the West, leading to greater emphasis on the body as a measure of masculinity. These factors may explain why body dysmorphic disorder and anabolic steroid abuse are more serious problems in the West than in Taiwan.
Breast cancer imaging with radioiodinated oestradiol
Authors: Otmar Schober, Klemens Scheidhauer, Christian Jackisch, Harald Schicha, Kamilla Smolarz, Achim Bolte, Christoph Reiners, Klaus Höffken, Hans-Jürgen Biersack, Bernd Briele, Ernst Moser, Peter Bräutigam
Journal: The Lancet (1990)
Cancer of the Nail Bed
Authors: T. Shelly Ashbell
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> For Inlow (241:239, 1979) to suggest on the basis of a series of only two cases that squamous cell carcinoma of the nail bed is best treated by x-ray therapy, rather than amputation, is unacceptable. The series of 20 cases reported by Attiyeh et al (241:262, 1979) indicates that radiation was a "substantive predisposing factor" to subungual squamous cell carcinoma. Of three cases of invasive subungual carcinoma in my practice that required amputation during the past five years, two had recurred three and seven years after previous radiation therapy.
Quantitative Detection of <i>EGFR</i> Mutations in Circulating Tumor DNA Derived from Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Kazuya Taniguchi, Junji Uchida, Kazumi Nishino, Toru Kumagai, Takako Okuyama, Jiro Okami, Masahiko Higashiyama, Ken Kodama, Fumio Imamura, Kikuya Kato
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Examination of somatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is now a diagnostic routine for treatment of cancer using EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). Circulating tumor DNA is a promising target for noninvasive diagnostics. We evaluated its utility by quantitatively detecting activating and resistant mutations, which were measured with BEAMing (beads, emulsion, amplification, and magnetics). Experimental Design: Twenty-three patients with lung cancer with progressive disease after EGFR-TKI treatment and 21 patients who had never been treated with EGFR-TKIs were studied. Their primary tumors were confirmed to have activating mutations. In the plasma DNA of each patient, the activating mutation found in the corresponding primary tumor and the T790M resistance mutation were quantified by BEAMing. Results: In 32 of 44 patients, activating mutations were detected in the plasma DNA [72.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 58.0%–83.6%]. The T790M mutation was detected in 10 of 23 patients in the first group (43.5%; 95% CI, 25.6%–53.4%). The ratio of T790M to activating mutations ranged from 13.3% to 94.0%. The peak of the distribution of the mutation allele fraction in the plasma DNA was in the 0.1% to 1% range. Conclusions: The major advantage of BEAMing is its ability to calculate the fraction of T790M-positive alleles from the alleles with activating mutations. This feature enables the detection of increases and decreases in the number of T790M mutations in cancer cells, regardless of normal cell DNA contamination, which may be useful for monitoring disease progression. Circulating tumor DNA could potentially be used as an alternative method for EGFR mutation detection. Clin Cancer Res; 17(24); 7808–15. ©2011 AACR.
Distinct Contributions of JNK and p38 to Chromium Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Liang Chen, Jerald L. Ovesen, Alvaro Puga, Ying Xia
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Potassium dichromate [Cr(VI)] is a widespread environmental toxicant responsible for increased risk of several human diseases. Cr(VI) exposure leads to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2, p38, and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2.We evaluated the contribution of MAPKs to Cr(VI) toxicity.Phosphorylation of MAPKs and their downstream effectors was evaluated by Western immunoblotting; reactive oxygen species were measured by DCFDA (5',6'-chloromethyl-2'-7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate) labeling and flow cytometry, and glutathione and glutathione disulfide levels were determined by monochrome graphic spectroflurometer. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay and colony formation. Embryoid body (EB) differentiation was evaluated by contracting cardiomyocyte formation, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for cardiomyocyte-specific and stem-cell-specific gene expression.Acute treatment of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells with 50 microM Cr(VI) induced the rapid phosphorylation of JNK, p38, and ERK and their respective downstream transcription factors, c-JUN, activating transcription factor-2, and ELK1. MAPK activation and cytotoxicity induction were partially blocked by pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. Ablation of the upstream MAP kinase kinase (MAP2K7) in ES cells prevented JNK activation, whereas ablation of MAP2K4 prevented both JNK and p38 activation. Using specific MAPK inhibitors and MAP2K4- and MAP2K7-deficient ES cells, we showed that JNK reduced acute Cr(VI) cytotoxicity, p38 potentiated it, and ERK had no effect. At low submicromolar concentrations, Cr(VI) caused MAP2K4/7-dependent JNK activation and MAP2K4-dependent p38 activation and strongly inhibited contracting cardiomyocyte development in wild-type ES cells, but much less so in Map2k7((-/-)) cells.Each MAPK distinctly contributes to chromium toxicity. Whereas JNK prevents and p38 promotes acute cytotoxicity, JNK contributes to optimal inhibition of ES cell differentiation by chromium.
Contribution of localized calcium deposits to dissection after angioplasty. An observational study using intravascular ultrasound.
Authors: P J Fitzgerald, T A Ports, P G Yock
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic plaque fracture and dissection of the arterial wall are frequent concomitants of the balloon angioplasty process. The composition and morphology of plaque within the vessel may be critical in determining the extent of plaque fracture and dissection during balloon angioplasty. To examine this potential association in the clinical setting, we studied patients with intravascular ultrasound imaging after balloon angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-one patients were studied with intravascular ultrasound after angioplasty in both peripheral and coronary arteries. Ultrasound images representing the target lesion cross section were digitized, stored on computer, and analyzed off-line. The presence of intralesional calcium and the relative size of dissection for each lesion was computed. Thirty-one patients (76%) had ultrasound evidence of significant dissection or plaque fracture immediately after balloon dilation. In 23 of 31 (74%) of the lesions, the ultrasound scans showed significant localized calcium deposits within the plaque substance. In 87% of these cases, the dissections were adjacent to the calcific portion of the vessel wall. In addition, the relative size of dissections referenced to the neolumen area were significantly larger (p less than or equal to 0.002) in the calcified vessels (27.5 +/- 12.3%) compared with the size of the dissections in lesions without calcium (11.2 +/- 5.8%). CONCLUSIONS The presence of calcium within the vessel wall appeared to be significantly associated with both the location and size of the dissected tissue arm from the vessel wall. These data suggest that localized calcium deposits have a direct role in promoting dissection, presumably by increasing shear stresses within the plaque.
Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kenneth I. Shine
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article "Hemodynamic Effects of Nitrous Oxide Administered During Cardiac Catheterization," Wynne et al (1980;243:1440) discussed the favorable hemodynamic effects of 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen administration in patients with coronary artery disease. We have used this combination on 35 occasions in 11 patients with acute myocardial infarction.<sup>1</sup>Five patients had pain previously unresponsive to morphine and nitrates, and two patients were hypotensive after morphine administration. Patients rated their pain as mild, 1+; moderate, 2+; severe, 3+; and very severe, 4+. Responses of pain, blood pressure (BP), cardiac rhythm, and respiratory rate were recorded. Wedge pressures and cardiac outputs were determined with Swan-Ganz catheters in five patients. In all episodes pain was eliminated or reduced to mild after treatment with nitrous oxide and oxygen. Eight patients repeatedly had complete relief of their pain during 19 episodes. There was no significant change in heart rate,