tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>New York Times</i> reveals payments to doctors by drug firms
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Trauma during early life is a major risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders and suggests that the developing brain may be particularly sensitive to perturbation. Increased vulnerability most likely involves altering neural circuits involved in emotional regulation. The role of serotonin in emotional regulation is well established, but little is known about the postnatal development of the raphe where serotonin is made. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recording and immunohistochemistry, we tested whether serotonin circuitry in the dorsal and median raphe was functionally mature during the first 3 postnatal weeks in mice. Serotonin neurons at postnatal day 4 (P4) were hyperexcitable. The increased excitability was due to depolarized resting membrane potential, increased resistance, increased firing rate, lack of 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> autoreceptor response, and lack of GABA synaptic activity. Over the next 2 weeks, membrane resistance decreased and resting membrane potential hyperpolarized due in part to potassium current activation. The 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> autoreceptor-mediated inhibition did not develop until P21. The frequency of spontaneous inhibitory and excitatory events increased as neurons extended and refined their dendritic arbor. Serotonin colocalized with vGlut3 at P4 as in adulthood, suggesting enhanced release of glutamate alongside enhanced serotonin release. Because serotonin affects circuit development in other brain regions, altering the developmental trajectory of serotonin neuron excitability and release could have many downstream consequences. We conclude that serotonin neuron structure and function change substantially during the first 3 weeks of life during which external stressors could potentially alter circuit formation.
Evaluation of Plantar Fasciitis by Three-phase Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: CHARLES M. INTENZO, KEITH L. WAPNER, CHAN H. PARK, SUNG M. KIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Fifteen patients complaining of chronic heel pain underwent three-phase Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy. Ten patients demonstrated abnormal scan findings consistent with plantar fasciitis (PF) and had responded to conventional therapy. Two patients were found to have calcaneal stress fractures, and one patient demonstrated a calcaneal spur that required no treatment. The remaining two patients had normal scans and did not appear clinically to have PF. The three-phase bone scan is therefore very useful in diagnosing PF and in distinguishing it from other etiologies of the painful heel syndrome.
On Poisoning by Arsenobenzol Compounds used in the Treatment of Syphilis
Authors: A. G. R. Foulerton
Journal: BMJ (1920)

t THBRAm-R.AL is that radium treatment serves a. very useful -purpose in certain types of nerve trauma and in certain stages in the repair of nerve injuries.The conclusions to be drawn from this work with radium in the treatment of war injuries affecting nerves can be summarized as follows:1. Radium treatment cannot benefit gross nerve lesions; here operative treatment is indicated, to unite severed nerves or free theem from dense scar tissue.2. After a nerve operationi, or after milder degrees of nerve trauma, it would appear to aid and to hasten the return of function in a limb. 3. It improves the nutrition in the area supplied by injured nerves.4. It may be useful as an aid to diagnosis, and in certain cases will indicate or contraindicate the necessity of operation. 5.It is a valuable adjiunct to other forms of treatment.
A big “housing” problem and a trace of neuroimaging: Broca's area is more than a transformation center
Authors: Ralph-Axel M&uuml;ller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Grodzinsky presents interesting data on Broca's aphasia, but because of obsolete ideas about neurofunctional organization and an inadequate review of the neuroimaging literature, he fails to put these data into perspective. Rather than supporting a specific linguistic function of Broca's area, the findings should be viewed in terms of working memory functions of the inferior frontal cortex.
Peripheral Airway Smooth Muscle Mechanics in Obstructive Airways Disease
Authors: ANABELLE M. OPAZO SAEZ, CHUN Y. SEOW, PETER D. PARÉ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether altered airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractility contributes to the pathogenesis of obstructive airways diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The passive and active mechanical properties of isolated human peripheral airways were measured in vitro by myography. The amount of ASM was measured by morphometry. Pulmonary function was assessed before surgery by the FEV1 (%pred) and the FEV1/ FVC (%). Fifteen airways were studied from nonobstructed (NOB) patients, and 15 from obstructed (OB, FEV1/FVC < 70%) patients (62 ± 10 yr, mean ± SD). The maximal isometric force (Fmax), stress (Fmax/ASM), airway diameter at Lmax (Dmax), maximal isotonic shortening (%Lmax), and normalized airway smooth muscle (ASM/Dmax) were determined in all patients. There was a significant correlation between Fmax and FEV1 (%pred) (r = − 0.579, p < 0.004), between Fmax and FEV1/FVC (%) (r = − 0.720, p < 0.003), and between stress and FEV1/FVC (%) ( − 0.611, p < 0.002). There was no correlation between isotonic shortening and either measure of pulmonary function. A positive correlation was found between force and shortening (r = 0.442, p < 0.05), and stress and shortening (r = 0.538, p < 0.01). Both force and stress were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in OB (Fmax = 0.87 ± 0.8 g, stress = 76 ± 47 mN/mm2) versus NOB (Fmax = 0.42 ± 0.18 g, stress = 51 ± 21 mN/mm2) patients, while isotonic shortening was not different between the two groups. ASM and ASM/Dmax were both significantly increased in the OB patient group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that obstructive airways disease is associated with an increase in the ability of the ASM to generate force. (Values represent means ± SD.) Opazo Saez AM, Seow CY, Paré PD. Peripheral airway smooth muscle mechanics in obstructive airways disease.
Endoscopic Ultrasonography - New Developments and Interesting Trends
Authors: M. S. Bhutani
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

The Digestive Disease Week meeting held in New Orleans in May 2004 was an interesting and rewarding one for research on endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). This review discusses and comments on a few selected abstracts in detail; due to space limitations, a wide variety of other interesting abstracts are only listed under subject headings in the references.
Abstract 3143: A functional interaction between alpha-fetoprotein and miRNA-29 modulates the HCC epigenome.
Authors: Sonya Parpart, Stephanie Roessler, Fei Dong, Vinay Rao, Christopher Loffredo, Xin Wei Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 70-85% of primary liver cancers and ranks second in the leading cause of male cancer death. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), normally expressed during fetal development, is reactivated in 60% of HCC tumors and associated with poor patient outcome. We hypothesize that AFP+ and AFP- tumors may differ biologically and have different prognosis in HCC patients. Using microarray-based global microRNA and mRNA profiling, we found that members of the miR-29 family are the most significantly (p&amp;lt;1E-5) down-regulated miRs in AFP+ tumors (n=242). Physiologically, during mouse embryonic development, miR-29 family expression is low but gradually increases after birth, contrary to AFP expression which dramatically decreases after birth. In addition, a member of the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family, DNMT3A, is one of the most significantly (p=8E-6) up-regulated genes in AFP+ HCC. Interestingly, there is a significant inverse correlation (p&amp;lt;1E-4) between miR-29 and DNMT gene expression, suggesting that they may be functionally antagonistic, which is consistent with the finding showing that DNMT3A and DNMT3B are direct targets of miR-29. Experimentally, we found that increased AFP expression or the addition of AFP+ media to AFP- cells inhibits miR-29a expression in HCC cell lines. We also found that AFP transcriptionally regulates the promoter of miR-29a. Moreover, global DNA methylation array profiling reveals increased methylation in HCC patients with high levels of serum AFP. These results support our hypothesis that AFP inhibits miR-29, which modulates epigenetic changes that contribute to poor outcome. Taken together, this study elucidates the mechanisms that link AFP and miR-29 expression to epigenetic alterations and may aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents to improve survival of HCC patients. Citation Format: Sonya Parpart, Stephanie Roessler, Fei Dong, Vinay Rao, Christopher Loffredo, Xin Wei Wang. A functional interaction between alpha-fetoprotein and miRNA-29 modulates the HCC epigenome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3143. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3143
Effect of simvastatin on the lipid profile of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Osamu Nishikawa, Masatoshi Mune, Motoshige Miyano, Takahiro Nishide, Iwao Nishide, Akifumi Maeda, Keigo Kimura, Toshio Takahashi, Masanori Kishino, Yoshinori Tone, Haruhisa Otani, Akio Ogawa, Takao Maeda, Susumu Yukawa
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Determinants of neonatal IgE level: parity, maternal age, birth season and perinatal essential fatty acid status in infants of atopic mothers
Authors: C. J. A. W. van Gool, C. Thijs, P. C. Dagnelie, C. J. M. Henquet, A. C. Van Houwelingen, J. Schrander, P. P. C. A. Menheere, P. A. van, den Brandt
Journal: Allergy (2004)

The hygiene hypothesis suggests that the protective 'siblings effect' against atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma and hay fever is a result of recurrent infections during early childhood. A recent study and review have indicated that this protective effect may already arise in utero. Lower n-3 essential fatty acid (EFA) status is associated with increased parity, and EFA status has also been related to atopy. The present study confirms the negative association between parity and neonatal immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and further unravel the role of perinatal EFA status.In a prospective cohort study in 184 atopic mothers and their neonates, we simultaneously measured serum total IgE and EFA levels in plasma phospholipids, both in the mother at 34-36 weeks of gestation and in the neonate at the age of 1 week. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of parity on maternal and neonatal IgE and EFA status, and the independent effects of parity and EFA status on IgE, controlling for confounding factors such as maternal age and birth season.Parity was associated with lower neonatal IgE level (P < 0.01), as well as with lower docosahexanoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) status of the mother (P = 0.01) but not of the neonate (P > 0.69). In the multivariate analysis, higher parity, higher maternal IgE, lower maternal age and birth in the first 3 months of the year were independently associated with neonatal IgE level. No association was detected between maternal or neonatal EFA status and neonatal IgE.As neonatal total serum IgE is predictive of later atopy, our results support the hypothesis that the sibling effect in atopy is already being programmed in utero. Our data also confirm earlier findings that DHA status is lower in multiparous women, but this did not confound the relation between parity and neonatal IgE.
Tetracycline Toxicity in Pregnancy
Authors: Benedict R. Harrow
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In regard to the paper by Whalley et al entitled "Tetracycline Toxicity in Pregnancy: Liver and Pancreatic Dysfunction" (<i>JAMA</i><b>189:</b>357 [Aug 3] 1964), I wonder if the authors performed retrograde pyelograms or excretory urograms on the patients later in their courses. No mention of such studies is made; they were either not described because of space considerations or else not performed. If they were not done it is possible that serious obstructive diseases of the urinary tract or other lesions of the kidney could have been overlooked. The basic tenets of the paper would still not be abrogated. However, in some instances acute renal failure is associated with liver failure by an unknown mechanism and could be involved in some cases. In fact, in the same issue ofThe Journal(References and Reviews, adv p 149), there is an abstract of a paper from the<i>Annals</i>
Small-Molecule RORγt Antagonists Inhibit T Helper 17 Cell Transcriptional Network by Divergent Mechanisms
Authors: Sheng Xiao, Nir Yosef, Jianfei Yang, Yonghui Wang, Ling Zhou, Chen Zhu, Chuan Wu, Erkan Baloglu, Darby Schmidt, Radha Ramesh, Mercedes Lobera, Mark S. Sundrud, Pei-Yun Tsai, Zhijun Xiang, Jinsong Wang, Yan Xu, Xichen Lin, Karsten Kretschmer, Peter B. Rahl, Richard A. Young, Zhong Zhong, David A. Hafler, Aviv Regev, Shomir Ghosh, Alexander Marson, Vijay K. Kuchroo
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Susanna Elizabeth Jane Leighton (née Hurley)
Authors: Susanna Leighton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Consultant paediatric otolaryngologist Great Ormond Street Hospital 1995-2004 (b Kobe, Japan, 1959; q St Thomas's Hospital, London, 1983; FRCS (ORL-HNS)), died from metastatic breast cancer on 6 August 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




Susanna Leighton enjoyed a busy undergraduate career at St Thomas's, where she did an intercalated BSc in anatomy, became vice president of the Amalgamated Clubs and secretary of the Medical and Physical Society—the first female to undertake these latter two roles. After house jobs she decided, against advice, to pursue a surgical career. She enjoyed multidisciplinary team-working and was lead surgeon on the cochlear implant team at Great Ormond Street. She also developed an interest in airway management in craniosynostosis and wrote extensively on the subject, producing guidelines. She leaves a husband, Barry, and three children.
Abstract 1359: Establishment and characterization of mouse malignant rhabdoid tumor cell lines
Authors: Yasumichi Kuwahara, E Lorena Mora-Blanco, Arlin Rogers, Christopher DM Fletcher, Charles WM Roberts, Bernard E. Weissman, Bernard E. Weissman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs) are rare, aggressive cancers occuring in young children primarily through inactivation of the SNF5 tumor suppressor gene. Espetially, rhabdoid tumor arised from brain is usually called AT/RT. We and others have demonstrated that mice heterozygous for a Snf5 null allele develop MRTs with partial penetrance. We have also shown that Snf5+/− mice that lacked expression of the pRb family, due to TgT121 transgene expression, developed MRTs with increased penetrance and decreased latency. In this current study, we observed that the genetic background altered MRT development in Snf5+/− and TgT121;Snf5+/− mice, resulting in increased latency and the appearance of significant frequency of brain tumors. We also report the establishment of the first mouse MRT cell lines that recapitulate many features of their human counterparts including lack of genomic instability and expression of smooth muscle and neuronal differentiation markers. The cell lines also form aggressive tumors upon inoculation into immunocompromised mice that resemble the tumors of origin. Our studies provide further insight into the genetic influences on MRT development as well as provide valuable new cell culture and genetically engineered mouse models for the study of AT/RT etiology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1359. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1359
High heart rate is risk factor for death, not just a sign of poor fitness, study indicates
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Danish researchers have said that a high heart rate may be an independent risk factor for mortality, after finding that men with higher rates were more likely to die even if they were physically fit.1

The researchers tracked the health of just under 3000 men who were part of the Copenhagen Male Study, set up in 1970 to monitor the cardiovascular health of men aged 40 to 59 years at 14 large companies in Copenhagen.

In 1971 a doctor asked all participants about their health and lifestyle, including smoking and exercise, and examined them. A cycling test was used to test their cardiorespiratory fitness at three different levels of exertion.

In 1985-6, when the …
Thrombolysis and the general practitioner. 2. Useful after careful evaluation of patients.
Authors: R G Wilcox
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Mitotic fidelity is crucial for the faithful distribution of genetic information into the daughter cells. Many fungal species, including the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, undergo a closed form of mitosis, during which the nuclear envelope does not break down. In S. pombe numerous processes have been identified that contribute to successful completion of mitosis. Notably, perturbations of lipid metabolism can lead to catastrophic mitosis and the "cut" phenotype. It was suggested that these mitotic defects are caused by insufficient membrane phospholipid supply during the anaphase nuclear expansion. However, it is not clear whether additional factors are involved. In this study we characterized in detail the mitosis in an S. pombe mutant lacking the Cbf11 transcription factor, which regulates lipid metabolism genes. We show that in cbf11Δ cells mitotic defects appear already prior to anaphase, before the nuclear expansion begins. Moreover, we identify altered cohesin dynamics and centromeric chromatin structure as additional factors affecting mitotic fidelity in cells with disrupted lipid homeostasis, providing new insights into this fundamental biological process.
Imaging of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Indium-111 Pentetreotide
Authors: SEAN K. LAU, D. SCOTT JOHNSON, MARC N. COEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Purpose Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 75% to 85% of lung cancers. CT has been the standard anatomic study for localizing and staging NSCLC, although it is associated only with moderate accuracy. In-111 pentetreotide, a radiolabeled somatostatin analog largely used in the scintigraphic localization of neuroendocrine tumors, has been shown incidentally to identify NSCLC lesions. This observation is important in the workup for metastatic disease for neuroendocrine tumors, because presumed metastatic lesions may actually be second primary tumors of NSCLC. In-111 may also serve as a potentially useful adjunct to CT in the anatomic evaluation of NSCLC. The purpose of this study was to determine the likelihood of detecting and localizing NSCLC using In-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy. Materials and Methods Ten patients with known or possible NSCLC were examined using In-111 pentetreotide. Scans were compared with the patients’ previously performed chest radiographs and CT scans. Results In-111 pentetreotide imaging correctly identified sites of tumor involvement as detected by chest CT and surgery in all 10 patients with NSCLC. Conclusion This study demonstrates the uptake of In-111 pentetreotide by NSCLC. This important observation should be considered in the workup for metastatic disease of neuroendocrine tumors with In-111 pentetreotide, because NSCLC can be a source of false-positive findings. In-111 pentetreotide imaging may also serve as a potentially useful adjunct to CT for identifying obscured or equivocal lesions and as an aid in localizing tissue for biopsy.
GPs and the information revolution
Authors: M. Lakhani
Journal: BMJ (2002)

There was a report in the Times of 19 October that I found inspirational, despite the sad circumstances. Surgeons in Australia, struggling to treat someone who was critically injured in the Bali bombing, made a frantic call to the British Library in London at 3 am. One of the surgeons had remembered reading an article in a medical journal about treating severe blast victims but could not track down a copy. Within 20 minutes library staff had scanned the document and sent it to the team in Australia.

Our approach tends to be unsystematic 

I found this a powerful and moving example of the value of knowledge in modern medical practice. Wouldn't it be wonderful if a national newspaper featured a story like this involving a general practitioner or a practice nurse. But it probably would not hit the headlines—after all, we are not often in life and death situations. However, we make hundreds of clinical decisions each week that in the long run can …
Acute and Subacute Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: GEORGE C. GRIFFITH, I. LUTFI VURAL
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Eighteen cases of disseminated lupus erythematosus were verified by postmortem study in a series of 19,242 autopsies. Shortness of breath was the most common complaint and occurred in 16. Fourteen of this number had definite cardiac pathology. All 16 had definite pulmonary pathology. Fourteen cases had abnormal urinalysis. Of these cases, 7 had elevated blood nonprotein nitrogen values of over 40 mg., and only 4 had hypertension. However, 14 cases had abnormal pathologic renal findings. Fifteen of the 18 cases had a skin lesion; 11 of the 15 were definitely of the lupus type. Hypochromic anemia was present in 17, leukopenia in 14, elevated sedimentation rate in all cases recorded and an elevated serum globulin in 9. The diagnosis is made by summation of the clinical findings; namely, shortness of breath, joint pains, skin rash, fever, pulmonary, cardiac, and renal abnormalities, and by the laboratory findings of hypochromic anemia, albuminuria, increased sedimentation rate, elevated serum albumin, presence of lupus erythematosus cells, and by a positive skin biopsy.
Relation between use of tampons and urogenital carriage of group B streptococci.
Authors: K K Christensen, A K Dykes, P Christensen
Journal: BMJ (1984)

resembling those of gonococcaemia.'There have also been reports from the United States of a child with leukaemia who had bacteraemia, arthritis, and skin lesions due to K kingae3 and another child with moraxella endocarditis.4The organism may enter the bloodstream from the respiratory tract.5 Kingella, Moraxella, and Neisseria genera all belong to the Neisseriaceae family, and all can cause disseminated infection with similar clinical manifestations.We thank Miss J Midgley of the microbiology department at this hospital