tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renin Inactivation by the Human Liver.
Authors: A. Richard Christlieb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Renin Inactivation by the Human Liver.A. Richard Christlieb, M.D., Nathan P. Couch, M.D., Ezra A. Amsterdam, M.D., Saul J. Dobrzinsky, M.D., Roger B. Hickler, M.D., F.A.C.P.A. Richard Christlieb, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Nathan P. Couch, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ezra A. Amsterdam, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Saul J. Dobrzinsky, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Roger B. Hickler, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1146_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptExperimental studies in the dog indicate that the liver may be the major site of renin inactivation (Heacox and associates,Circ. Res. 21: 149, 1967). To apply this observation to humans, the hepatic and renal arteriovenous (AV) differences for renin activity were measured simultaneously in patients undergoing diagnostic venous catheterization. The plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured by a modification of the Boucher method. In 8 patients, renal venous PRA was higher than arterial PRA, indicating the renal secretion of renin into the circulation. In 6 of these, a wide renal AV difference was associated with a renal artery stenosis.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. Richard Christlieb, M.D.; Nathan P. Couch, M.D.; Ezra A. Amsterdam, M.D.; Saul J. Dobrzinsky, M.D.; Roger B. Hickler, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1146-1146KeywordsCatheterizationLiverPlasma renin activityRenal arteriesStenosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Longitudinal study of dynamic lower limb alignment during landing in pubescent children
Authors: Y Kimura, Y Ishibashi, E Tsuda, Y Yamamoto, S Maeda, Y Hayashi, S Sasaki
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Female athletes have increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury after puberty. It has been demonstrated that female athletes have greater valgus lower limb alignment than males during landing, and this may contribute to the gender disparity in ACL injury risks. In early teens, however, the gender difference in lower limb alignment has not been elucidated. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine whether dynamic lower limb alignment alters during the pubertal stage in girls and boys, in a longitudinal survey. Design Cohort study. Settings Elementary school students with no lower extremity complaints. Participants 33 females and 27 males aged 10 to 11 years old were evaluated and followed for three consecutive years. Assessment of risk factor The subjects performed a drop-vertical-jump by dropping directly down off a box, and immediately performing a maximum vertical jump. The frontal view of the lower limb was recorded with a digital video camera and the images at deepest point of body (landing) were captured. Main outcome measurement The separate distances between right and left hips and knees were measured. The knee separation distances normalised by the hip separation distance (K/H ratio) were used as a parameter representing the valgus/varus lower limb alignment. Results At landing, K/H ratio in females was 0.41±0.10 in the first year, 0.39±0.11 in the second year, 0.36±0.10 in the third year. In males, the ratios were 0.60±0.21, 0.52±0.17, 0.55±0.19. Knee valgus alignment in females increased with maturation, with significant difference between first year and third year. However, there were no significant changes in males. Conclusion Different changing pattern of lower limb alignment during landing was seen between boys and girls, and it may be related to the gender difference in incidence of ACL injury.
The Heart Man
Authors: David L. Schiedermayer
Journal: JAMA (1981)

There is a road that winds down from Kpayerkolli toward the sea, and in the dry season it is a road of red dust. In West Africa, where the villages are small and scattered in the bush, Kpayerkolli is just one of many such villages, and if you do not go with someone who knows it you will never find it. If you walk there, you will be coated with dust; it will sift into your ears and eyes and cover your clothes. The road is always full of people, especially children, since there are so many of them. A road means freedom to walk, freedom from poisonous snakes, and from the rough jungle terrain. If you talk to the children on the road, they will shyly say they are glad to meet you, that they are well (even if they are not), and that they are going to school
Symptoms suggestive of atopic rhinitis in children aged 6–9 years and the indoor environment
Authors: A. Zacharasiewicz, T. Zidek, G. Haidinger, T. Waldhör, C. Vutuc, A. Zacharasiewicz, M. Goetz, N. Pearce
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: We aimed to investigate the influence of indoor factors on the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of atopic rhinitis in children aged 6–9 years in Upper Austria. Methods: We analyzed the results from an extended ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire, answered by the parents, about indoor environment and symptoms strongly suggesting atopic rhinitis. This was defined as having reported a running, obstructed, or itchy nose apart from having a cold in the last year. The overall response rate was 93.4%. After excluding 6016 children (17.1%) with changed indoor environment (due to allergies in the family), we analyzed the remaining subsample of 18606 questionnaires. Results: The following factors were associated with an increased risk: mother's smoking during pregnancy and/or during time of breast‐feeding (OR 1.28; CI 1.07–1.52), synthetic bedding (OR 1.21; CI 1.09–1.36), dampness/mold at home (OR 1.51; CI 1.31–1.74), central heating with gas (OR 1.75; CI 1.06–2.87), and space heating (OR 1.66; CI 1.01–2.98). Cooking with wood (OR 0.62; CI 0.46–0.84) was negatively associated with symptoms. Conclusions: The indoor environment plays a role in the symptoms of atopic rhinitis in children. However, the population‐attributable risks were not particularly high; they were between −2.7% and 9% for the various exposures considered in this study.
Macrophage-derived chemokine induces human eosinophil chemotaxis in a CC chemokine receptor 3– and CC chemokine receptor 4–independent manner
Authors: Bruce S. Bochner, Carol A. Bickel, Marcia L. Taylor, Donald W. MacGlashan, Patrick W. Gray, Carol J. Raport, Ronald Godiska
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)

<h2>Abstract</h2> <b>Background:</b> Chemokines are believed to contribute to selective cell recruitment. Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) is a CC chemokine that causes chemotaxis of dendritic cells, monocytes, and activated natural killer cells. MDC binds to CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) but not to CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CCR6, or CCR7. <b>Objective:</b> Our aim was to determine the in vitro activity of MDC on human eosinophils by using chemotaxis and calcium flux assays. <b>Methods:</b> Eosinophils were purified from peripheral blood of allergic donors, and chemotactic activity of MDC and other CC chemokines was compared in microchemotaxis chamber assays. The role of CCR3 in these assays was determined by using a CCR3-blocking antibody. Measurements of cytosolic Ca<sup>++</sup> mobilization were performed by using fura-2AM labeling, with eosinophils and cell lines transfected with CCR3 or CCR4. Eosinophil expression of CCR3 and CCR4 mRNA was determined by using RT-PCR. <b>Results:</b> MDC (0.1 to 100 nmol/L) caused dose-dependent chemotaxis of purified human eosinophils (maximum ~3-fold control). Compared with other CC chemokines, the potency and efficacy for eosinophil chemotaxis were similar for MDC and eotaxin but were less than that observed for RANTES, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-4, and eotaxin-2. Although MDC can act by means of CCR4, RT-PCR analysis failed to reveal CCR4 mRNA in eosinophils. Effects of MDC on eosinophils was also independent of CCR3, as a blocking mAb to CCR3 failed to inhibit MDC-induced chemotaxis. Furthermore, CCR3-transfected human embryonic kidney cells labeled with Fura-2AM exhibited a rapid rise in intracellular free calcium after stimulation with eotaxin, eotaxin-2, or MCP-4, but not with MDC. Eosinophils cultured for 72 hours in 10 ng/mL IL-5 also demonstrated increased intracellular free calcium after stimulation with eotaxin-2 or MCP-4, but not with up to 100 nmol/L MDC. <b>Conclusion:</b> MDC is a CCR3- and CCR4-independent activator of eosinophil chemotaxis, but it does not appear to elicit measurable cytosolic calcium elevations during these responses. MDC appears to act by means of another receptor in addition to CCR4 and may therefore contribute to eosinophil accumulation without working through CCR1 to CCR7. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:527-32.)
Completing the Public Health HIV/AIDS Alphabet
Authors: Arthur Ammann
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

The study by Planche et al. [1] provides important new information addressing intracellular volume depletion in children with severe childhood malaria, but does not address the question of whether intravascular volume depletion (hypovolemic shock) is present.Using sophisticated methodology to determine total body water and extracellular water, they demonstrate a 6.7% defi cit in total body water and an 11.7% defi cit of intracellular water, providing an important indication of the volumes of fl uid that may be required to optimize hydration.The data, however, do not address the degree of fi lling of the intravascular compartment, nor should they be used to answer the question about the state of tissue and organ perfusion.Indeed, we believe that these new data present no confl ict with our previously reported fi ndings.Using methods to study critical illness physiology that are widely employed within pediatric intensive care units for interpretation of circulatory status, we have demonstrated evidence for hypovolemia in 53 Kenyan children with severe malaria complicated by metabolic acidosis [2].Our children were younger, had longer capillary refi lling times (>3 s), lower central venous pressures (mean 2.9 cm H 2 O) and higher creatinines (>80 µmol/l): all features of compensated hypovolemic shock.Furthermore, hypotension (systolic BP < 80 mm Hg) was present in 44% of children with severe acidosis (base defi cit >15).These fi ndings also indicate important baseline differences in two cohorts of children studied.We agree that reconsideration of guidelines for acute fl uid management is warranted, particularly when current recommendations await an adequate evidence base.Nevertheless, confl icting opinions on the question of volume status in children with severe malaria can be satisfactorily resolved only through prospective randomized trials that include both fl uid resuscitation and control groups.While the design and conduct of such trials will involve considerable challenges, optimal fl uid management will never be resolved on the basis of theoretical consideration alone.
Interactions between Siglec-7/9 receptors and ligands influence NK cell–dependent tumor immunosurveillance
Authors: Camilla Jandus, Kayluz Frias Boligan, Obinna Chijioke, He Liu, Meike Dahlhaus, Thomas Démoulins, Christoph Schneider, Marc Wehrli, Robert E. Hunger, Gabriela M. Baerlocher, Hans-Uwe Simon, Pedro Romero, Christian Münz, Stephan von Gunten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Alteration of the surface glycosylation pattern on malignant cells potentially affects tumor immunity by directly influencing interactions with glycan-binding proteins (lectins) on the surface of immunomodulatory cells. The sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectins Siglec-7 and -9 are MHC class I–independent inhibitory receptors on human NK cells that recognize sialic acid–containing carbohydrates. Here, we found that the presence of Siglec-9 defined a subset of cytotoxic NK cells with a mature phenotype and enhanced chemotactic potential. Interestingly, this Siglec-9+ NK cell population was reduced in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. Broad analysis of primary tumor samples revealed that ligands of Siglec-7 and -9 were expressed on human cancer cells of different histological types. Expression of Siglec-7 and -9 ligands was associated with susceptibility of NK cell–sensitive tumor cells and, unexpectedly, of presumably NK cell–resistant tumor cells to NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity. Together, these observations have direct implications for NK cell–based therapies and highlight the requirement to consider both MHC class I haplotype and tumor-specific glycosylation.
Genome-Wide Functional Synergy between Amplified and Mutated Genes in Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Yuri Nikolsky, Evgeny Sviridov, Jun Yao, Damir Dosymbekov, Vadim Ustyansky, Valery Kaznacheev, Zoltan Dezso, Laura Mulvey, Laura E. Macconaill, Wendy Winckler, Tatiana Serebryiskaya, Tatiana Nikolskaya, Kornelia Polyak
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract A single cancer cell contains large numbers of genetic alterations that in combination create the malignant phenotype. However, whether amplified and mutated genes form functional and physical interaction networks that could explain the selection for cells with combined alterations is unknown. To investigate this issue, we characterized copy number alterations in 191 breast tumors using dense single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and identified 1,747 genes with copy number gain organized into 30 amplicons. Amplicons were distributed unequally throughout the genome. Each amplicon had distinct enrichment pattern in pathways, networks, and molecular functions, but genes within individual amplicons did not form coherent functional units. Genes in amplicons included all major tumorigenic pathways and were highly enriched in breast cancer–causative genes. In contrast, 1,188 genes with somatic mutations in breast cancer were distributed randomly over the genome, did not represent a functionally cohesive gene set, and were relatively less enriched in breast cancer marker genes. Mutated and gained genes did not show statistically significant overlap but were highly synergistic in populating key tumorigenic pathways including transforming growth factor β, WNT, fibroblast growth factor, and PIP3 signaling. In general, mutated genes were more frequently upstream of gained genes in transcription regulation signaling than vice versa, suggesting that mutated genes are mainly regulators, whereas gained genes are mostly regulated. ESR1 was the major transcription factor regulating amplified but not mutated genes. Our results support the hypothesis that multiple genetic events, including copy number gains and somatic mutations, are necessary for establishing the malignant cell phenotype. [Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9532–40]
Science and Scientists — Waiting in the Hospital — The Fathers' Race
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science was held in Cambridge in August. In his presidential address on "Science and Scientists" Sir Cyril Hinshelwood, O.M., F.R.S., said that scientists are now commonly criticized for neglecting practical ends and for not doing quickly enough things that they were once laughed at for doing at all.He said that more general interest is now centered on applied science than on pure science and that although it is a field in which more pure scientists are needed, there is an even greater need for technologists or applied scientists. . . .
P2-305: Immediate versus delayed docetaxel after first-line therapy with gemcitabine plus carboplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A Phase III trial report with survival update
Authors: J Schiller, S.R. Dakhil, A.P. Lyss, D.M. Loesch, D Waterhouse, R Chen, J Treat, C.K. Obasaju, P Fidias
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Laparoscopic Radical Nephroureterectomy: Results of an International Multicenter Study
Authors: Hazem Abou El Fettouh, Jens J Rassweiler, Michael Schulze, Laurent Salomon, James Allan, Sanjay Ramakumar, Thomas Jarrett, Claude C Abbou, David A Tolley, Louis R Kavoussi, Inderbir S Gill
Journal: European Urology (2002)
Bacterial Resistance in General Practice
Authors: A. Colling
Journal: BMJ (1973)

tice of 5,400 patients 66 strains of Staph.aureus were isolated.Of these, 36% were sensitive to penicillin, 71% sensitive to tetra- cycline, and 94% sensitive to erythromycin.Gram-negative pathogens were rarely isolated from such lesions.A study of strains of Escherichia coli causing urinary infection' over a five-year period (total num- ber of isolates 225) showed that in 1968, 99% were sensitive to ampicillin and 90% to sulphonamide, whereas in 1972, 66% were sensitive to ampicillin and 44% to sulphonamide.It is likely that the emergence of these resistant organisms is associated with a standard antibiotic prescribing policy in the practice, since 1967, of penicillin for skin and upper respiratory tract infections and of sulphonamide or ampicillin for urinary infections.The acquisition of resistance by conmnon bacterial pathogens to frequently used antibioti9s seems to be alnost as great a problem in our general practice as in Dr. Whitehead's hospital population.-Weare, etc., B.
THE EFFECT OF OIL OF PEPPERMINT ON THE EMPTYING TIME OF THE STOMACH
Authors: H. I. SAPOZNIK
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The effect of oil of peppermint on gastric secretion in man and dog is described and balloon tests of gastric motility after oil of peppermint are reported elsewhere.<sup>1</sup>Our previous work showed that oil of peppermint diminished gastric acidity. It was important, therefore, in the analysis of the factors concerned in such a diminution of acidity to investigate the effect of the oil of peppermint on the emptying time of the stomach. Wallace and Jackson<sup>2</sup>found that oil of peppermint in the intestine influences gastric secretion by reflex action. Meyer and Gottlieb in their textbook<sup>3</sup>state that carminatives increase the muscular activity of the alimentary canal. Muirhead and Gerald<sup>4</sup>found that small amounts of volatile oils increase the motility of isolated segments of intestine and that larger doses decrease it. In Cushny's textbook<sup>5</sup>it is stated that volatile oils relax the musculature of the stomach
Changes in breast sensitivity at puberty, during the menstrual cycle, and at parturition.
Authors: J E Robinson, R V Short
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Sensitivity to pain and touch was measured in the nipple, areola, and cutaneous breast tissue of prepubertal boys and girls, postpubertal men and nuliparous women before and after delivery. Before puberty there were no differences between the sexes, but after puberty the tactile sensitivity of all areas of the women9s breast was significantly greater than the men9s. Tactil sensitivity of all areas also varied during the menstrual cycle, with maximal sensitivity at midcycle and at menstruation; the mid-cycle peak was absent when the women were taking oral contraceptives. But the most dramatic changes occured within 24 hours of parturition, when there was a great increase in breast sensitivity. This may be the key event for activating the suckling-induced discharge of oxytocin and prolactin and inhibiting ovulation during lactation.
Identification of phospholipase C β isoforms and their location in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells of pig, human and rat
Authors: L Blayney
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objectives: Four phospholipase C (PLC) β isoforms have been described in pig aortic vascular smooth muscle. The aim was to determine if all four PLC β isoforms are commonly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of three species, i.e. pig, human and rat, and if the individual isoforms had distinctive intracellular distributions. Methods: Vascular smooth muscle cell cultures were derived from explants of porcine and rat aorta and a human renal artery cell line. PLC β isoform content was resolved using Western blotting. Intracellular location was determined by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Results: All three species expressed PLCs β1, β2, β3 and β4. In all species, PLC β1 demonstrated foci of concentration throughout the cytoplasm; PLC β2 demonstrated a punctate pattern that was principally at the cell periphery or was in the Golgi, depending upon the antibody used; PLC β3 was also cytoplasmic but showed a different pattern from PLC β1 and PLC β4 was cytoplasmic, except in pig quiescent cells, where it was associated with filamentous structures at the intersection with the plasma membrane. Conclusions: VSMCs of three different species express all four PLC β isoforms. Each isoform has a unique and consistent signature of distribution that is generally common to all species.
The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for the Revision of the TNM Stage Groupings in the Forthcoming (Seventh) Edition of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours
Authors: Peter Goldstraw, John Crowley, Kari Chansky, Dorothy J. Giroux, Patti A. Groome, Ramon Rami-Porta, Pieter E. Postmus, Valerie Rusch, Leslie Sobin
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
LARYNGOTRACHEITIS VIRUS IN CHICKENS
Authors: Betsy G. Bang, Frederik B. Bang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Infectious laryngotracheitis can be produced in chickens as an experimental model of severe nonfatal rhinitis and sinusitis. Inoculated intranasally into unanesthetized baby chicks it remains limited to the nasal fossa, produces acute desquamation of all nasal epithelia, results in functional recovery of the respiratory epithelium, but leaves important residual abnormalities. From the earliest recognizable lesions through 4(1/2) months' convalescence, the principal changes are as follows: 1. Initial lesions, or small syncytia of intranuclear "inclusions", first identifiable in the mucociliated cells of the shallowest portion of the epithelium at about 21 hr postinoculum (the inner surface of the maxillary conchal scroll). 2. Acute sloughing, (about 3 to 7 days), marked by: (a) spread of lesions from cell to cell via multinucleated "giant cells" which progressively slough and desquamate respiratory, olfactory, and sinus epithelia, epithelial neural elements and blood vessels; (b) appearance of numbers of eosinophilic leukocytes along the basement membrane at the sites of lesions just previous to sloughing; intensive infiltration of the submucosa with small lymphocytes after sloughing begins; (c) histochemical change in the intracellular mucus of the cells which comprise the syncytia: this mucus stains with Alcian blue alone when stained with AB-PAS; and (d) all cartilages of the maxillary conchae become flaccid, and the cell nuclei and matrix lose both basophilic and Alcian blue staining properties, effects which recede by about the 8th day. 3. Repair (about 8 to 21 days), marked by rapid initial spread of a sheet of epithelial cells over the infiltrated subrmucosa, appearance of numbers of plasma cells circulating in the tissues, formation of encapsulated secondary nodules, and mucosal adhesions. 4. Convalescence (about 1 to 4(1/2) months when experiments terminated), marked by functional restoration of the mucociliary lining of the nasal fossa. However, at 4(1/2) months eight specimens all show complete metaplasia of the olfactory organ (end nerves, supporting cells, and glands of Bowman) to mucociliated epithelium, all show abnormal formation and alignment of mucous acini, and about 50% have severe persistent sinusitis.