tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clearance of refractory bile duct stones with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
Authors: R D Ellis
Journal: Gut (2000)

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been used since the mid-1980s to fragment bile duct stones which cannot be removed endoscopically. Early machines required general anaesthesia and immersion in a waterbath.To investigate the effectiveness of the third generation Storz Modulith SL20 lithotriptor in fragmenting bile duct stones that could not be cleared by mechanical lithotripsy.Eighty three patients with retained bile duct stones were treated. All patients received intravenous benzodiazepine sedation and pethidine analgesia. Stones were targeted by fluoroscopy following injection of contrast via a nasobiliary drain or T tube. Residual fragments were cleared at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Complete stone clearance was achieved in 69 (83%) patients and in 18 of 24 patients (75%) who required more than one ESWL treatment. Stone clearance was achieved in all nine patients (100%) with intrahepatic stones and also in nine patients (100%) referred following surgical exploration of the bile duct. Complications included six cases of cholangitis and one perinephric haematoma which resolved spontaneously.Using the Storz Modulith, 83% of refractory bile duct calculi were cleared with a low rate of complications. These results confirm that ESWL is an excellent alternative to surgery in those patients in whom endoscopic techniques have failed.
Quantitation of hemoglobin components by high‐performance cation‐exchange liquid chromatography: Its use in diagnosis and in the assessment of cellular distribution of hemoglobin variants
Authors: Abdullah Kutlar, Ferdane Kutlar, Jerry B. Wilson, Marsha G. Headlee, Titus H. J. Huisman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Additional data are presented that were obtained with a newly developed cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method allowing the separation of numerous normal and abnormal human hemoglobin types. The method was found to be of considerable value for the diagnosis of certain hemoglobinopathies in the adult as well as in the newborn. Definitive differentiation between, AS, SS, S-beta+-thal, SD, SC, AC, C-beta+-thal, etc in cord bloods was readily accomplished even when the samples were collected on filter paper. Analyses of the hemoglobin in cells from Hb S and Hb C heterozygotes with different numbers of alpha chain genes (alpha alpha/alpha alpha; -alpha/alpha alpha; -alpha/-alpha) after separation by a Dextran density centrifugation technique failed to show significant changes in the relative quantitation of the variant hemoglobin types. Glycosylation of hemoglobin increased greatly with an increase in red cell age. Similar analyses of red cells from a young girl with Hb S trait and Hb H disease (the --/-alpha genic arrangement) gave comparable data. Some indication was obtained that her youngest cells contained some of the beta A4 and beta S4 tetrameric hemoglobins.
Trust: A temporary human attachment facilitated by oxytocin
Authors: Paul J. Zak
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

trust is a temporary attachment between humans that pervades our daily lives. recent research has shown that the affiliative hormone oxytocin rises with a social signal of interpersonal trust and is associated with trustworthy behavior (the reciprocation of trust). this commentary reports these results and relates them to the target article's findings for variations in affiliative-related behaviors.
DH plans over public health are "confused," say experts
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The government’s plans to create a new public health body within the Department of Health and change responsibility for public health accountability are “confused,” MPs have been told.

Public health experts giving evidence to the parliamentary health select committee on 17 May told the MPs of their concerns about responsibility and accountability for public health under the reforms proposed in the Health and Social Care Bill .

The committee was holding the first public oral evidence session of its new inquiry into the management of and opportunities for public health.

Professor David Hunter, director of the Centre for Public Policy and Health at Durham University, giving evidence, said the Health Bill, in its current form, …
Mutual Antagonism of T Cells Causing Psoriasis and Atopic Eczema
Authors: Stefanie Eyerich, Anna T. Onken, Stephan Weidinger, Andre Franke, Francesca Nasorri, Davide Pennino, Martine Grosber, Florian Pfab, Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber, Martin Mempel, Ruediger Hein, Johannes Ring, Andrea Cavani, Kilian Eyerich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The simultaneous occurrence of psoriasis driven by type 1 helper T (Th1) cells and type 17 helper T (Th17) cells and atopic eczema dominated by type 2 helper T (Th2) cells is rare. Here, we describe three patients with co-occurring psoriasis and atopic eczema with an antagonistic course and distinct T-cell infiltrates in lesions from psoriasis and those from atopic eczema. Sensitized patients with psoriasis had a reaction to epicutaneous allergen challenge, with clinically and histologically verified eczema lesions containing a large number of allergen-reactive T cells. These findings support a causative role for T cells triggered by specific antigens in both psoriasis and atopic eczema. (Supported by the German Research Foundation and others.)
Coronary Revascularization in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Katherine M. Detre, Ping Guo, Richard Holubkov, Robert M. Califf, George Sopko, Richard Bach, Maria Mori Brooks, Martial G. Bourassa, Richard J. Shemin, Allan D. Rosen, Ronald J. Krone, Robert L. Frye, Frederick Feit
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Patients with treated diabetes in the randomized-trial segment of the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) who were randomized to initial revascularization with PTCA had significantly worse 5-year survival than patients assigned to CABG. This treatment difference was not seen among diabetic patients eligible for BARI who opted to select their mode of revascularization. We hypothesized that differences in patient characteristics, assessed and unmeasured, together with the treatment selection in the registry, at least partially account for this discrepancy. Methods and Results —Among diabetics taking insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs at entry, angiographic and clinical presentations were comparable between randomized and registry patients. However, more registry patients were white, and registry diabetics tended to be more educated and more physically active and to report better quality of life. Procedural characteristics and in-hospital complications were comparable. The 5-year all-cause mortality rate was 34.5% in randomized diabetic patients assigned to PTCA versus 19.4% in CABG patients ( P =0.0024; relative risk [RR]=1.87); corresponding cardiac mortality rates were 23.4% and 8.2%, respectively ( P =0.0002; RR=3.10). The CABG benefit was more apparent among patients requiring insulin. In the registry, all-cause mortality was 14.4% for PTCA versus 14.9% for CABG ( P =0.86, RR=1.10), with corresponding cardiac mortality rates of 7.5% and 6.0%, respectively ( P =0.73; RR=1.07). These RRs in the registry increased to 1.29 and 1.41, respectively, after adjustment for all known differences between treatment groups. Conclusions —BARI registry results are not inconsistent with the finding in the randomized trial that initial CABG is associated with better long-term survival than PTCA in treated diabetic patients with multivessel coronary disease suitable for either surgical or catheter-based revascularization.
Results From a Pivotal, Open-Label, Phase II Study of Romidepsin in Relapsed or Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma After Prior Systemic Therapy
Authors: Bertrand Coiffier, Barbara Pro, H. Miles Prince, Francine Foss, Lubomir Sokol, Matthew Greenwood, Dolores Caballero, Peter Borchmann, Franck Morschhauser, Martin Wilhelm, Lauren Pinter-Brown, Swaminathan Padmanabhan, Andrei Shustov, Jean Nichols, Susan Carroll, John Balser, Barbara Balser, Steven Horwitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Romidepsin is a structurally unique, potent class 1 selective histone deacetylase inhibitor. The primary objective of this international, pivotal, single-arm, phase II trial was to confirm the efficacy of romidepsin in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL).Patients who were refractory to at least one prior systemic therapy or for whom at least one prior systemic therapy failed received romidepsin at 14 mg/m(2) as a 4-hour intravenous infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. The primary end point was the rate of complete response/unconfirmed complete response (CR/CRu) as assessed by an independent review committee.Of the 131 patients enrolled, 130 had histologically confirmed PTCL by central review. The median number of prior systemic therapies was two (range, one to eight). The objective response rate was 25% (33 of 130), including 15% (19 of 130) with CR/CRu. Patient characteristics, prior stem-cell transplantation, number or type of prior therapies, or response to last prior therapy did not have an impact on response rate. The median duration of response was 17 months, with the longest response ongoing at 34+ months. Of the 19 patients who achieved CR/CRu, 17 (89%) had not experienced disease progression at a median follow-up of 13.4 months. The most common grade ≥ 3 adverse events were thrombocytopenia (24%), neutropenia (20%), and infections (all types, 19%).Single-agent romidepsin induced complete and durable responses with manageable toxicity in patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL across all major PTCL subtypes, regardless of the number or type of prior therapies. Results led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of romidepsin in this indication.
Combination of Human Fas (CD95/Apo-1) Ligand with Adriamycin Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of Antitumor Response
Authors: Zhongchen Liu, Ruizhen Liu, Jinhua Qiu, Ping Yin, Fanghong Luo, Jinhua Su, Wenzhu Li, Caixia Chen, Xin Fan, Jiakai Zhang, Guohong Zhuang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2009)
Hepatitis B virus strains of subgenotype A2 with an identical sequence spreading rapidly from the capital region to all over Japan in patients with acute hepatitis B
Authors: Yoko Tamada, Hiroshi Yatsuhashi, Naohiko Masaki, Makoto Nakamuta, Eiji Mita, Tatsuji Komatsu, Yukio Watanabe, Toyokichi Muro, Masaaki Shimada, Taizo Hijioka, Takeaki Satoh, Yutaka Mano, Toshiki Komeda, Masahiko Takahashi, Hiroshi Kohno, Hajime Ota, Shigeki Hayashi, Yuzo Miyakawa, Seigo Abiru, Hiromi Ishibashi
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To examine recent trends of acute infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Japan by nationwide surveillance and phylogenetic analyses. <h3>Methods</h3> During 1991 through 2009, a sentinel surveillance was conducted in 28 national hospitals in a prospective cohort study. Genotypes of HBV were determined in 547 patients with acute hepatitis B. Nucleotide sequences in the preS1/S2/S gene of genotype A and B isolates were determined for phylogenetic analyses. <h3>Results</h3> HBV genotype A was detected in 137 (25% (accompanied by genotype G in one)) patients, B in 48 (9%), C in 359 (66%), and other genotypes in the remaining three (0.5%). HBV persisted in five with genotype A including the one accompanied by genotype G; another was co-infected with HIV type 1. The genotype was A in 4.8% of patients during 1991–1996, 29.3% during 1997–2002, and 50.0% during 2003–2008 in the capital region, as against 6.5%, 8.5% and 33.1%, respectively, in other regions. Of the 114 genotype A isolates, 13 (11.4%) were subgenotype A1, and 101 (88.6%) were A2, whereas of the 43 genotype B isolates, 10 (23.3%) were subgenotype B1, 28 (65.1%) were B2, two (4.7%) were B3, and three (7.0%) were B4. Sequences of 65 (64%) isolates of A2 were identical, as were three (23%) of A1, and five (18%) of B2, but none of the B1, B3 and B4 isolates shared a sequence. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Acute infection with HBV of genotype A, subgenotype A2 in particular, appear to be increasing, mainly through sexual contact, and spreading from the capital region to other regions in Japan nationwide. Infection persisted in 4% of the patients with genotype A, and HBV strains with an identical sequence prevailed in subgenotype A2 infections. This study indicates the need for universal vaccination of young people to prevent increases in HBV infection in Japan.
Intestinal bile acid malabsorption in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: S O'Brien, H Mulcahy, H Fenlon, A O'Broin, M Casey, A Burke, M X FitzGerald, J E Hegarty
Journal: Gut (1993)

This study aimed at examining the mechanisms participating in excessive faecal bile acid loss in cystic fibrosis. The study was designed to define the relation between faecal fat and faecal bile acid loss in patients with and without cystic fibrosis related liver disease; to assess terminal ileal bile acid absorption by a seven day whole body retention of selenium labelled homotaurocholic acid (SeHCAT); and to determine if small intestinal bacterial overgrowth contributes to faecal bile acid loss. The study population comprised 40 patients (27 men; median age 18 years) with cystic fibrosis (n = 8) and without (n = 32) liver disease and eight control subjects. Faecal bile acid excretion was significantly higher in cystic fibrosis patients without liver disease compared with control subjects (mean (SEM) 21.5 (2.4) and 7.3 (1.2) micromoles/kg/24 hours respectively; p &lt; 0.01) and patients with liver disease (7.9 (1.3) micromoles/kg/24 hours; p &lt; 0.01). No correlation was found between faecal fat (g fat/24 hours) and faecal bile acid (micromoles 24 hours) excretion. Eight (33%) of cystic fibrosis patients had seven day SeHCAT retention &lt; 10% (normal retention &gt; 20%). SeHCAT retention in cystic fibrosis patients with liver disease was comparable with control subjects (30.0 (SEM) 8.3% v 36.8 (5.9)%; p = NS) while SeHCAT retention in cystic fibrosis patients who did not have liver disease was significantly reduced (19.9 (3.8); p &lt; 0.05). Although evidence of small bowel bacterial overgrowth was present in 40% of patients no relation was found between breath hydrogen excretion, faecal fat, and faecal bile acid loss. The results are consistent with the presence of an abnormality in terminal ideal function in patients with cystic fibrosis who do not have liver disease and that a defect in the ileal absorption of bile acids may be a contributory factor to excessive faecal bile acid loss. Faecal bile acid loss in cystic fibrosis is unrelated to the presence of intraluminal fat or intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
Detection of functional class II-associated antigen: role of a low density endosomal compartment in antigen processing.
Authors: K A Barnes, R N Mitchell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

We have developed a functional assay to identify processed antigen in subcellular fractions from antigen-presenting cells; stimulatory activity in this assay may be caused by either free peptide fragments or by complexes of peptide fragments and class II molecules present on organellar membrane sheets and vesicles. In addition, we have developed a functional assay to identify proteolytic activity in subcellular fractions capable of generating antigenic peptides from intact proteins. These techniques permit the direct identification of intracellular sites of antigen processing and class II association. Using a murine B cell line stably transfected with a phosphorylcholine (PC)-specific membrane-bound immunoglobulin (Ig), we show that PC-conjugated antigens are rapidly internalized and efficiently degraded to generate processed antigen within an early low density compartment. Proteolytic activity capable of generating antigenic peptide fragments from intact proteins is found within low density endosomes and a dense compartment consistent with lysosomes. However, neither processed peptide nor peptide-class II complexes are detected in lysosomes from antigen-pulsed cells. Furthermore, blocking the intracellular transport of internalized antigen from the low density endosome to lysosomes does not inhibit the generation of processed antigen. Therefore, antigens internalized in association with membrane Ig on B cells can be efficiently processed in low density endosomal compartments without the contribution of proteases present within denser organelles.
Enhancing Multiyear Guideline Concordance for Bipolar Disorder Through Collaborative Care
Authors: Mark S. Bauer, Kousick Biswas, Amy M. Kilbourne
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Implementation of evidence-based care for serious mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder has been suboptimal. Improving and sustaining concordance with clinical practice guidelines has been a cornerstone of efforts to enhance evidence-based care and improve outcomes. For bipolar disorder, however, there has been only one regional controlled trial reporting guideline concordance, and no data are available for time periods longer than 1 year. In a multiregion effectiveness trial in veterans with bipolar disorder, the authors assessed the effects of a collaborative care model for this disorder on guideline concordance in care over a 3-year period.A total of 306 participants with bipolar disorder were randomly assigned at hospital discharge to 3 years of follow-up treatment with a collaborative care model or to usual care. The collaborative care model included provider support through simplified practice guidelines, patient skills management enhancement through group psychoeducation, and facilitated access and continuity via nurse care management. Concordance with guideline-recommended antimanic pharmacotherapy was assessed at baseline and prospectively over six 6-month epochs. Group differences were assessed with generalized estimating equations that controlled for relevant covariates.The collaborative care model achieved significantly higher rates of guideline-concordant antimanic treatment than usual care over the entire follow-up period. Baseline guideline concordance, but not patient age or bipolar type, was associated with higher concordance.Multicomponent collaborative care models, which include not only provider support for guideline implementation but also patient self-management skill enhancement and facilitated treatment access and continuity, can improve guideline concordance over the long term, even in severely impaired patients.
Trends in national incidence, lifetime prevalence and adrenaline prescribing for anaphylaxis in England
Authors: Aziz Sheikh, Julia Hippisley-Cox, John Newton, Justin Fenty
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

Summary Background Analysis of primary healthcare datasets offers the possibility to increase understanding of the epidemiology of acute uncommon conditions such as anaphylaxis, but these datasets remain under-exploited. Aim To investigate recent trends in the recorded incidence, lifetime prevalence and prescribing of adrenaline for anaphylaxis in England. Methods QRESEARCH is one of the world's largest national aggregated health databases containing the records of over nine million patients. We extracted data on all patients with a recorded diagnosis of anaphylaxis and calculated annual age-sex standardized incidence and lifetime period prevalence rates for each year from 2001–2005. We also analysed trends in adrenaline prescribing in those with a recorded diagnosis of anaphylaxis. National population figures were used to estimate numbers of people in England that have experienced anaphylaxis at some point in their lives. Results The age-sex standardized incidence of anaphylaxis was 6.7 per 100,000 person-years in 2001 and increased by 19% to 7.9 in 2005. Lifetime age-sex standardized prevalence of a recorded diagnosis of anaphylaxis was 50.0 per 100,000 in 2001 and increased by 51% to 75.5 in 2005. Prescribing of adrenaline increased by 97% over this period. By the end of 2005 there were an estimated 37,800 people that had experienced anaphylaxis at some point in their lives. Conclusions Recorded incidence, lifetime prevalence and prescribing of adrenaline for anaphylaxis all showed substantial increases in recent years. An estimated 1 in 1,333 of the English population have at some point in their lives experienced anaphylaxis.
Alcohol and Nutrition: Caloric Value, Bioenergetics, and Relationship to Liver Damage
Authors: M C Mitchell, H F Herlong
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1986)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
Acute Effects and Recovery Time Following Concussion in Collegiate Football Players
Authors: Michael McCrea, Kevin M. Guskiewicz, Stephen W. Marshall, William Barr, Christopher Randolph, Robert C. Cantu, James A. Onate, Jingzhen Yang, James P. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Lack of empirical data on recovery time following sport-related concussion hampers clinical decision making about return to play after injury.To prospectively measure immediate effects and natural recovery course relating to symptoms, cognitive functioning, and postural stability following sport-related concussion.Prospective cohort study of 1631 football players from 15 US colleges. All players underwent preseason baseline testing on concussion assessment measures in 1999, 2000, and 2001. Ninety-four players with concussion (based on American Academy of Neurology criteria) and 56 noninjured controls underwent assessment of symptoms, cognitive functioning, and postural stability immediately, 3 hours, and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 90 days after injury.Scores on the Graded Symptom Checklist (GSC), Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and a neuropsychological test battery.No player with concussion was excluded from participation; 79 players with concussion (84%) completed the protocol through day 90. Players with concussion exhibited more severe symptoms (mean GSC score 20.93 [95% confidence interval [CI], 15.65-26.21] points higher than that of controls), cognitive impairment (mean SAC score 2.94 [95% CI, 1.50-4.38] points lower than that of controls), and balance problems (mean BESS score 5.81 [95% CI, -0.67 to 12.30] points higher than that of controls) immediately after concussion. On average, symptoms gradually resolved by day 7 (GSC mean difference, 0.33; 95% CI, -1.41 to 2.06), cognitive functioning improved to baseline levels within 5 to 7 days (day 7 SAC mean difference, -0.03; 95% CI, -1.33 to 1.26), and balance deficits dissipated within 3 to 5 days after injury (day 5 BESS mean difference, -0.31; 95% CI, -3.02 to 2.40). Mild impairments in cognitive processing and verbal memory evident on neuropsychological testing 2 days after concussion resolved by day 7. There were no significant differences in symptoms or functional impairments in the concussion and control groups 90 days after concussion.Collegiate football players may require several days for recovery of symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and postural instability after concussion. Further research is required to determine factors that predict variability in recovery time after concussion. Standardized measurement of postconcussive symptoms, cognitive functioning, and postural stability may enhance clinical management of athletes recovering from concussion.
Biofilm-like extracellular viral assemblies mediate HTLV-1 cell-to-cell transmission at virological synapses
Authors: Ana-Monica Pais-Correia, Martin Sachse, Stéphanie Guadagnini, Valentina Robbiati, Rémi Lasserre, Antoine Gessain, Olivier Gout, Andrés Alcover, Maria-Isabel Thoulouze
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)