tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Impact of a Physician as Part of the Aeromedical Prehospital Team in Patients With Blunt Trauma
Authors: William G. Baxt
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To determine whether the presence of a physician in the prehospital setting influences patient outcome, the predicted mortality of 258 patients with blunt trauma treated and transported by a medical helicopter staffed by a flight nurse and flight paramedic was compared with that of 316 similar patients with blunt trauma treated and transported by a medical helicopter staffed by a flight nurse and flight physician. All patients were randomized between the two treatment teams. The mortality of the patients treated by the flight nurse/flight paramedic team was that predicted by the methodology. The mortality of the patients treated by the flight nurse/flight physician team was 35% lower than that predicted, and significantly lower than that of the flight nurse/flight paramedic-staffed helicopter.
Expiratory flow limitation and the response to breathing a helium-oxygen gas mixture in a canine model of pulmonary emphysema.
Authors: S N Mink
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The pathophysiology of reduced maximum expiratory flow in a canine model of pulmonary emphysema was studied, and the results interpreted in terms of the wave-speed theory of flow limitation. According to this theory, maximum expiratory flow is related both to the cross-sectional area and compliance at an airway site where a critical gas velocity is first reached ("choke-point") and to gas density. Pulmonary emphysema was produced by the repeated instillations of the enzyme papain into the airways of six dogs. In five control dogs, a saline solution was instilled. During forced vital capacity deflation, in an open-chest preparation, maximum expiratory flow, choke-point locations, and the response to breathing an 80:20 helium/oxygen gas mixture were determined at multiple lung volumes. To locate choke-points, a pressure measuring device was positioned in the airway to measure lateral and end-on intrabronchial pressures, from which the relevant wave-speed parameters were obtained. In general, the reduced maximum expiratory flow in emphysema can be explained by diminished lung elastic recoil pressure and by altered bronchial pressure-area behavior, which results in a more peripheral location of choke-points that have smaller cross-sectional areas than controls. With respect to the density dependence of maximum expiratory flow, this response did not differ from control values in four dogs with emphysema in which frictional pressure losses upstream from choke-points did not differ on the two gas mixtures. In two dogs with emphysema, however, upstream frictional pressure losses were greater on helium/oxygen than on air, which resulted in a smaller cross-sectional area on helium/oxygen; hence density dependence decreased.
Plasma Vitamin B 6 and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma in Women
Authors: Esther K. Wei, Edward Giovannucci, Jacob Selhub, Charles S. Fuchs, Susan E. Hankinson, Jing Ma
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Vitamin B6, whose main circulating form is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), is important in one-carbon metabolism, which is critical for DNA synthesis and DNA methylation, both of which are potentially involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, no previous epidemiologic studies have directly evaluated the association of plasma PLP with risk for colorectal neoplasia.We conducted a prospective nested case-control study of 32,826 female participants of the Nurses' Health Study who provided blood specimens in 1989-1990. From 1989-1990 to 2000 (1998 for adenoma), a total of 194 incident colorectal cancer cases and 410 incident colorectal adenoma cases were identified from medical records. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided.A suggestive inverse association was observed between plasma PLP concentration and risk for colorectal cancer when comparing the highest quartile versus the lowest (RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.31 to 1.01; P(trend) = .07); the association of PLP concentration with colon cancer was statistically significant (RR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.85; P(trend) = .02). Both associations were statistically significant and stronger after controlling for intakes of folate, of multivitamins, and of methionine (for colorectal cancer, RR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.92; P(trend) = .03; for colon cancer, RR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.80; P(trend) = .01). Total vitamin B(6) intake was also statistically significantly inversely associated with colon cancer risk (RR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.27 to 0.97; P(trend) = .007). There was a suggestive inverse association between plasma PLP concentration and advanced distal colorectal adenoma (RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.37 to 1.11; P(trend) = .08), but the association with early-stage adenoma was weaker (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.52 to 1.38; P(trend) = .52).Our results suggest that vitamin B6 may be inversely associated with risk of colorectal neoplasia.
Long-term repair of T-cell synapse activity in a phase II trial of chemoimmunotherapy followed by lenalidomide consolidation in previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Authors: Tait D. Shanafelt, Alan G. Ramsay, Clive S. Zent, Jose F. Leis, Han W. Tun, Timothy G. Call, Betsy LaPlant, Deborah Bowen, Adam Pettinger, Diane F. Jelinek, Curtis A. Hanson, Neil E. Kay
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract S6-4: Association between Prescription Co-Payment Amount and Compliance with Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy in Women with Early Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: DL Hershman, AI Neugut, M Subar, ET Wilde, S Stratton, CH Brouse, G Hillyer, V. Grann
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Non-adherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy among women with breast cancer is common, but little is known about how financial factors influence it. We investigated the relationship between prescription co-payment amount and compliance with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors (AI) therapy. Patients and Methods: Using de-identified, integrated pharmacy and medical claim database at Medco Health Solutions, Inc. women &amp;gt;50 years old on AIs for early breast cancer with at least 2 mail order prescription refills between 1/1/07 and 12/31/08 were identified. All data were pooled prior to the analysis. Variables that were evaluated included medical and demographic information, household income, number of other prescriptions, diagnostic codes, prescription refill dates, provider type and co-payment amounts. Age was classified as &amp;lt;63 or ≥63 to distinguish patients ever covered by Medicare. Copayment amount was categorized as &amp;lt;$30, between $30 and $89.99, and ≥$90. Non-persistence was defined as prescription supply gap of 45 days with no subsequent refill. Non-adherence was defined as a medication possession ratio ≥80% of eligible days. Logistic regressions and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used. Results: Of 8110 women age 50-62 years (mean=59.1), 1721(21.2%) were non-persistent and of those who continued, 863(10.3%) were non-adherent over the 2 year period. Among 14,050 women ≥63 years (mean=74.9), 3476(24.7%) were non-persistent and of those who continued, 1248(8.9%) were non-adherent. Ninety day co-payments ranged from $0 to $893.49. In a multivariate analysis, non-persistence (ever/never) in both age groups was associated with older age, having a primary care physician write the prescription, and higher number of co-prescriptions. Similar results were seen with non-adherence. Compared to a copayment of &amp;lt;$30, a 90 day copayment of $30-$89.99 was associated with time to non-persistence in women ≥63 (HR 1.34, 95%CI 1.24-1.46) but not among women &amp;lt;63, while a copayment ≥$90 was associated with time to non-persistence both in women &amp;lt;63 (HR 1.26, 95%CI 1.09–1.38) and women ≥63 (HR 1.33, 95%CI 1.22–1.46). Conclusions: We found that a higher prescription co-payment was associated with both early discontinuation and non-adherence to AIs. This relationship was stronger for older women. Because hormone therapy non-compliance is associated with worse survival outcomes, future public policy efforts should be directed towards reducing financial constraints as a means of increasing the use of these life-saving medications. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S6-4.
In vivo imaging of duodenal follicular lymphoma with confocal laser endomicroscopy
Authors: Kouichi Nonaka, Ken Ohata, Shinichi Ban, Maiko Takita, Yasushi Matsuyama, Tomoaki Tashima, Yohei Minato, Nobuyuki Matsuhashi
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Follicular lymphoma arising in the duodenum is a distinct, relatively rare disease [1] [2]. Here, we report our experience with confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) for follicular lymphoma of the duodenum with the corresponding histopathologic images, which, to our knowledge, is the first description of this.
Abstract 1824: Effects of high-fat diet feeding on solid tumor growth and lung metastasis in the Lewis lung cancer allograft model
Authors: Hyerim Song, Heesook Park, Jung Han Yoon Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Epidemiological studies indicate that overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of developing several cancers. In the present study, we determined whether a chronic consumption of a high-fat diet increases solid tumor growth and metastasis in the C57BL/6N mouse lung cancer allograft model. Four-week old, male C57BL/6N mice were fed a purified diet containing 34.9% (w/w) fat (high fat diet) or 4.3 % fat (control diet) for 16 weeks, and then Lewis lung carcinoma cells were subcutaneously injected at 5 × 104 cells per mouse into the animals’ left flank. The primary tumor was resected 3 weeks later, and all animals were killed 21 days after the surgery. The high-fat diet feeding significantly increased the body weights and energy intakes as compared with those in the control diet group. The weights of the liver, spleen, epididymal fat pad, and mesenteric fat pad were increased in the high-fat diet group compared to the control group. The high fat diet increased solid tumor growth as well as the number and the size of colonies in the lung. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissues revealed that the expression of Ki67 (prototypic cell cycle related nuclear antigen), CD45 (phospho-tyrosine phosphatase), CD31 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin A, and cyclin D1 was significantly increased in the high-fat diet group compared to the control group. The high-fat diet feeding significantly increased the blood levels of leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) compared to the control group. Results of the present study indicate that the prolonged consumption of a high-fat diet enhances the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and angiogenesis-related proteins and increases the infiltration of macrophages into tumor tissues which, in turn, stimulate the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells. The increased angiogenesis probably contributes to increased tumor growth and metastasis in mice fed on a high-fat diet. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1824. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1824
The Healing Heart: Antidotes to Panic and Helplessness
Authors: Helle Mathiasen
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<b>Health and Healing: Understanding Conventional and Alternative Medicine,</b>by Andrew Weil, 285 pp, $13.45, Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co, 1983. Consumerism in medicine carries a strong appeal for many patients. One of the most forceful advocates of this movement is Norman Cousins, former editor of the<i>Saturday Review</i>, whose earlier personal account of his selfaided recovery from lupus erythematosus was described in an article in the<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>(1976; 295:1458-1463) and at greater length in his book,<i>Anatomy of an Illness</i>. Cousins' most recent work,<i>The Healing Heart</i>, describes the author's recovery from a serious myocardial infarction. In this remarkable account of illness from the patient's point of view, Cousins describes his hospital course and subsequent negotiations with his physicians concerning his own diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The book includes a bibliography of recent studies in the psychosomatic factors of coronary disease. "Patient, heal thyself," is Cousins' advice.
Abstract 1691: A primer dose followed by low-bolus dose schedule of tumor-targeting of <i>S. typhimurium</i> A1-R is effective for tumor-targeted therapy
Authors: Yasunori Tome, Yong Zhang, Masashi Momiyama, Hiroki Maehara, Fuminori Kanaya, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Katsuro Tomita, Michael Bouvet, Robert M. Hoffman, Ming Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The S. typhimurium A1-R mutant, which is auxotrophic for leu-arg, and selected for high antitumor virulence, has been shown to be effective as monotherapy against human prostate, breast, pancreatic, and fibrosarcoma tumors. In the present study, we developed a strategy to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity for bacterial tumor treatment in immunocompetent mice with subcutaneous Lewis lung carcinoma expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP). A small dose of S. typhimurium A1-R bacteria was first administered to tumor-bearing animals (the primer dose, 1×106 cfu i.v.) as pre-treatment followed by a high dose (1×107 cfu i.v.) 4 hours later. Compared with non-primer-dose bacteria treatment, the primer-dose strategy resulted in smaller tumors and no observable side effects. The serum lever of TNF-α was elevated in the primer-dose arms compared to non-primer dose arms. Vessel destruction by S. typhimurium A1-R was observed in immunocompetent mice expressing nestin-driven green fluorescent protein (ND-GFP), which is selectively expressed in nascent blood vessels. Vessel destruction was enhanced in the primer-dose arms compared to non-primer-dose arms. The primer dose may activate the immune system and induce cytokines in the mouse necessary for invasion of the tumor by the bacteria allowing a relatively small subsequent dose to be effective and safe. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1691. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1691
Kinetic constants for receptor-dependent and receptor-independent low density lipoprotein transport in the tissues of the rat and hamster.
Authors: D K Spady, J B Meddings, J M Dietschy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

In this study, carried out in the rat and hamster, the receptor-dependent low density lipoprotein (LDL) transport process in each organ was characterized in terms of its maximal uptake rate (Jm) and Michaelis constant (Km), while the rate of receptor-independent uptake was defined in terms of its proportionality constant (P). The highest Jm values of 50-126 micrograms/h per g were found in the liver and endocrine glands in both species and receptor-dependent uptake also was detected in other organs like spleen, kidney, and intestine. The Km values were essentially the same in all of the organs and equaled approximately 90 mg/dl in both species. The receptor-independent uptake constants also were similar in the two species and were highest in the spleen, liver, and intestine. From these values for Jm, Km, and P, it was possible to construct theoretical curves that predict the plasma LDL-cholesterol concentration and fractional catabolic rate given any alteration in LDL-cholesterol production or the magnitude of receptor-dependent LDL transport in any organ of the rat or hamster.
MENTAL STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Ronnie Ramadan, Shabnam Seydafkan, Ibhar Al Mheid, Fabio Esteves, David Sheps, J. Douglas Bremner, Viola Vaccarino, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A psychogeriatric survey of old people's homes.
Authors: M G Clarke, A J Williams, P A Jones
Journal: BMJ (1981)

An assessment of mental impairment and behavioral disabilities in 289 residents in six old people9s homes indicated that 50.6% were probably demented and 54% needed considerable help in daily living, 74% were taking prescribed medication, and 11% were taking four or more prescribed drugs. There was a wide variation between homes in those rated as behaviourally disabled, and in the amount of medication prescribed. A follow-up of 60 mentally impaired residents showed few remediable psychiatric disorders or psychotoxic drug effects. A community psychiatric nurse working with the psychogeriatric team would provide a useful support service to old people9s homes, particularly where there is a high proportion of disturbed residents and where the staff lack nursing experience.
Molecular Architecture of the Human Sinus Node
Authors: Natalie J. Chandler, Ian D. Greener, James O. Tellez, Shin Inada, Hanny Musa, Peter Molenaar, Dario DiFrancesco, Mirko Baruscotti, Renato Longhi, Robert H. Anderson, Rudolf Billeter, Vinod Sharma, Daniel C. Sigg, Mark R. Boyett, Halina Dobrzynski
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Although we know much about the molecular makeup of the sinus node (SN) in small mammals, little is known about it in humans. The aims of the present study were to investigate the expression of ion channels in the human SN and to use the data to predict electrical activity.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunofluorescence were used to analyze 6 human tissue samples. Messenger RNA (mRNA) for 120 ion channels (and some related proteins) was measured in the SN, a novel paranodal area, and the right atrium (RA). The results showed, for example, that in the SN compared with the RA, there was a lower expression of Na(v)1.5, K(v)4.3, K(v)1.5, ERG, K(ir)2.1, K(ir)6.2, RyR2, SERCA2a, Cx40, and Cx43 mRNAs but a higher expression of Ca(v)1.3, Ca(v)3.1, HCN1, and HCN4 mRNAs. The expression pattern of many ion channels in the paranodal area was intermediate between that of the SN and RA; however, compared with the SN and RA, the paranodal area showed greater expression of K(v)4.2, K(ir)6.1, TASK1, SK2, and MiRP2. Expression of ion channel proteins was in agreement with expression of the corresponding mRNAs. The levels of mRNA in the SN, as a percentage of those in the RA, were used to estimate conductances of key ionic currents as a percentage of those in a mathematical model of human atrial action potential. The resulting SN model successfully produced pacemaking.Ion channels show a complex and heterogeneous pattern of expression in the SN, paranodal area, and RA in humans, and the expression pattern is appropriate to explain pacemaking.
The effect of hepatocyte enlargement on the hemodynamic characteristics of the isolated perfused rat liver preparation
Authors: Howard J. Grossman, Virginia L. Grossman, Prithi S. Bhathal
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The influence of hepatocyte enlargement on intrahepatic hemodynamics was assessed in the isolated perfused rat liver preparation (IPRL) using two experimental models: hypotonic liver cell swelling and phenobarbitone-induced hepatocyte hypertrophy. The analysis of pressure-flow data obtained from the portal vascular bed over a flow range of 0 to 70 mL/min in the presence of a maximally-effective concentration of the vasodilator agent papaverine hydrochloride (6 x 10(-4) mol/L) enabled the calculation of P0, an estimate of the pressure required to passively distend the intrahepatic vasculature, and Gmax, the maximal portal vascular conductance. By comparison with an isotonic perfusion medium (Krebs-Henseleit buffer [KH] containing 2.5% bovine serum albumin [BSA]), perfusion with a hypotonic medium induced a significant increase in mean hepatocyte cross-sectional area (H(A)) (590 +/- 21 vs. 324 +/- 23 microm(-2), p < .05), a fall in Gmax (0.39 +/- 0.08 vs. 2.02 +/- 0.18 mL/min/g/mm hg, P < .001), and an increase in P0 (2.96 +/- 0.38 vs. 1.58 +/- 0.07 mm hg, P < .001). Phenobarbitone administered in drinking water (0.5 g/L) over a period of 60 days also induced a significant degree of hepatocyte enlargement (HA, 510 +/- 29 microm2, P < .05). On day 7, portal pressure measured in vivo in this group was significantly elevated compared with untreated controls (10.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 8.4 +/- 0.2 mm hg, P < .001), while in the IPRL Gmax was reduced (0.48 +/- 0.01 mL/min/g/mm hg, P < .001), and P0 was increased (2.23 +/- 0.17 mm hg, P < .05). However, with continued phenobarbitone treatment portal pressure, Gmax and P0 returned toward control values. The results confirm that hepatocyte enlargement is associated with a significant disturbance of intrahepatic hemodynamics but also that some adaptation occurs if hepatocyte enlargement is sustained over a prolonged period of time.
Tacrolimus Hydrate Ointment Inhibits Skin Plasma Extravasation Induced by Topically Applied m-Xylene But Not Capsaicin in Rat
Authors: S. Morii, F. Kondo, Y. Ikai, M. Miyake, M. Futamura, K. Ito, T. Sakamoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Angina Pectoris
Authors: Vera Bittner
Journal: Circulation (2008)

C oronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for 26.6% of all deaths in 2005, with an age-adjusted male to female mortality ratio of 1.5. 1 Although the CHD mortality rate has steadily declined since its peak in the 1960s, morbidity from CHD has shown opposite trends, with increasing rates of revascularization and an increasing prevalence of angina pectoris, now estimated at 9.1 million (4.6 million women [3.9%]; 4.4 million men [4.4%]). 2 In stark contrast to CHD mortality rates, age-adjusted prevalence rates for angina in the United States are higher among women than men. 2 Anginal symptoms tend to persist despite medical therapy and revascularization, lead to substantial functional disability, and be associated with high healthcare costs even in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). 3,4
4E-BP1 Is a Key Effector of the Oncogenic Activation of the AKT and ERK Signaling Pathways that Integrates Their Function in Tumors
Authors: Qing-Bai She, Ensar Halilovic, Qing Ye, Wei Zhen, Senji Shirasawa, Takehiko Sasazuki, David B. Solit, Neal Rosen
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)