tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INDUCTION OF TUMORS IN DOMESTIC RABBITS WITH NUCLEIC ACID PREPARATIONS FROM PARTIALLY PURIFIED SHOPE PAPILLOMA VIRUS AND FROM EXTRACTS OF THE PAPILLOMAS OF DOMESTIC AND COTTONTAIL RABBITS
Authors: Yohei Ito, Charles A. Evans
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

A deoxyribonucleic acid preparation which showed infectivity and tumorigenic activity in domestic rabbits was isolated from the papillomatous tissue of wild cottontail rabbits by phenolic deproteinization procedure. The activity of the preparation could be completely abolished by its exposure to a minute amount (0.02 microg/ml) of DNAase. Antisera against Shope papilloma virus did not block the tumorigenic activity of the preparation, and trypsin and chymotrypsin had no effect on it. The extraction with phenol of a partially purified virus preparation also yielded extracts with tumorigenic potency. Extracts obtained from the domestic rabbit papilloma and submitted to phenolic deproteinization also proved infective and tumorigenic in rabbits of this sort, although the level of "tumorigenicity" was much lower than that of the cottontail preparations. Tests for intact virus, carried out with half of the extracts yielded wholly negative findings.
EULOGY ON JENNER.
Authors: WILLIAM B. DEWEES
Journal: JAMA (1896)

<i>Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen:</i>We have gathered to-night to commemorate the life, worth and work of a really good man—a great country doctor. It is meet that the doctors of a community, and especially the members of a medical society of country doctors, pause a brief while and assemble with the people whom they serve in a public gathering like this, to pay their tribute to him who laid the foundation of preventive medicine. By invitation of your committee, Mr. President, on the celebration of the centennial memorial of the Jennerian discovery of the protective value of vaccination, I appear before you. Your learned and greatly beloved secretary, Dr. LaFevre, has most ably and interestingly made known to you much of "The Life and Works of Jenner." In my paper I am limited to an "Eulogy on Jenner." Standing as I do on this occasion to speak for the
Influence of fixation conditions on the performance of glutaraldehyde-treated porcine aortic valves: towards a more scientific basis.
Authors: N D Broom, F J Thomson
Journal: Thorax (1979)

To maintain optimum mechanical properties in glutaraldehyde-treated heart-valve tissue the full collagen crimp geometry originally present in the relaxed fresh tissue should be retained. By varying the pressure at which glutaraldehyde fixation is carried out, considerable alterations to this crimp geometry can be achieved. The mechanical stiffness of the preserved tissue is consequently affected, and this in turn has a striking influence on both the opening behaviour of the valve and the degree of strain localisation in the leaflet tissue. A pressure of 100 mmHg eliminated the collagen crimp geometry entirely, and this resulted in the formation of sites of local strain or kinks in the valve leaflets during opening. It is expected that this strain localisation phenomenon will influence the long-term fatigue durability of the treated tissue. Pressures even as low as 4 mmHg result in significant reductions of crimp geometry. Fresh valves should therefore be fixed under a positive head of pressure sufficient only to ensure that the leaflets seal along their coapting free margins. A pressure of less than 1 mmHg was sufficient to achieve this. Leaflets of the commercially available Hancock valve show features similar to valves fixed in glutaraldehyde at about 100 mmHg pressure.
Abnormal pigmentation in hypomelanosis of Ito and pigmentary mosaicism: the role of pigmentary genes
Authors: S.M. Taibjee, D.C. Bennett, C. Moss
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

There is increasing evidence that hypomelanosis of Ito and related disorders such as linear and whorled naevoid hypermelanosis are due to mosaicism for a variety of chromosomal abnormalities. This group of disorders is better termed 'pigmentary mosaicism'. In this review we explain how disparate chromosomal abnormalities might manifest as a common pigmentary phenotype. In particular, we provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that the chromosomal abnormalities reported in these disorders specifically disrupt expression or function of pigmentary genes.
The case for recording events in clinical trials.
Authors: D C Skegg, R Doll
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The value of clinical trials in detecting unwanted effects of new medicines would be enhanced if doctors recorded all adverse events experienced by patients and not just those regarded as adverse reactions to drugs. All events should be reported to the centre co-ordinating the trial and analysed in treated patients and controls. This method might have revealed the ocular toxicity of practolol before the drug was marketed in 1970.
Health Service Funding Cuts and the Declining Health of the Poor
Authors: Mary O'Neil Mundinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The federal funding cuts in health care initiated in 1981 were meant to protect the truly needy while reversing the alarming upward spiral in costs. The cuts have been targeted at those on the margin of poverty and at providers. The combined effect has been to force hundreds of thousands of the working poor and the elderly below the poverty line and to restrict their access to health care.Thirty-five million people, or 15 per cent of the population, are without health insurance today — an increase of 10 million, or 25 per cent, since 1977. Five million people annually . . .
Plasmin and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 promote cellular motility by regulating the interaction between the urokinase receptor and vitronectin.
Authors: D A Waltz, L R Natkin, R M Fujita, Y Wei, H A Chapman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The urokinase receptor (uPAR) coordinates plasmin-mediated cell-surface proteolysis and promotes cellular adhesion via a binding site for vitronectin on uPAR. Because vitronectin also binds plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), and plasmin cleavage of vitronectin reduces PAI-1 binding, we explored the effects of plasmin and PAI-1 on the interaction between uPAR and vitronectin. PAI-1 blocked cellular binding of and adhesion to vitronectin by over 80% (IC50 approximately 5 nM), promoted detachment of uPAR-bearing cells from vitronectin, and increased cellular migration on vitronectin. Limited cleavage of vitronectin by plasmin also abolished cellular binding and adhesion and induced cellular detachment. A series of peptides surrounding a plasmin cleavage site (arginine 361) near the carboxy-terminal end of vitronectin were synthesized. Two peptides spanning res 364-380 blocked binding of uPAR to vitronectin (IC50 approximately 8-25 microM) identifying this region as an important site of uPAR-vitronectin interaction. These data illuminate a complex regulatory scheme for uPAR-dependent cellular adhesion to vitronectin: Active urokinase promotes adhesion and also subsequent detachment through activation of plasmin or complex formation with PAI-1. Excess PAI-1 may also promote migration by blocking cellular adhesion and/or promoting detachment, possibly accounting in part for the strong correlation between PAI-1 expression and tumor cell metastasis.
Lipoprotein(a) Concentration and Risk of Atherothrombotic Disease-Reply
Authors: Paul M. Ridker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Drs Craig and Bostom that apparent differences in outcome from available prospective studies of Lp(a) and atherothrombotic disease deserve close attention. We also believe, however, that differences in the results of available studies are in fact more apparent than real. For example, the case and control distributions in the "positive" Lipid Research Clinics data<sup>1</sup>and the "null" Physicians Health Study data<sup>2,3</sup>are almost identical. Specifically, the narrow 95% confidence interval for the risk estimate associated with a 10 mg/dL increase in Lp(a) in the Lipid Research Clinics analysis (1.03 to 1.20) overlaps that of the equally narrow 95% confidence interval of the Physicians' Health Study analysis (0.95 to 1.13). Moreover, the estimates of the relative risks associated with such a change in Lp(a) in these two studies are 1.12 and 1.03, respectively. Since the distribution of Lp(a) is markedly skewed in most populations
Impaired lymphocyte development and antibody class switching and increased malignancy in a murine model of DNA ligase IV syndrome
Authors: Anastasia Nijnik, Sara Dawson, Tanya L. Crockford, Lisa Woodbine, Supawan Visetnoi, Sophia Bennett, Margaret Jones, Gareth D. Turner, Penelope A. Jeggo, Christopher C. Goodnow, Richard J. Cornall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Hypomorphic mutations in DNA ligase IV (LIG4) cause a human syndrome of immunodeficiency, radiosensitivity, and growth retardation due to defective DNA repair by the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. Lig4-null mice are embryonic lethal, and better mouse models are needed to study human LigIV syndrome. We recently identified a viable mouse strain with a Y288C hypomorphic mutation in the Lig4 gene. Lig4Y288C mice exhibit a greater than 10-fold reduction of LigIV activity in vivo and recapitulate the immunodeficiency and growth retardation seen in human patients. Here, we have demonstrated that the Lig4Y288C mutation leads to multiple defects in lymphocyte development and function, including impaired V(D)J recombination, peripheral lymphocyte survival and proliferation, and B cell class switch recombination. We also highlight a high incidence of thymic tumors in the Lig4Y288C mice, suggesting that wild-type LigIV protects against malignant transformation. These findings provide explanations for the complex lymphoid phenotype of human LigIV syndrome.
Occupational asthma and food allergy due to carmine
Authors: S. Acero, A. I. Tabar, M. J. Alvarez, B. E. Garcia, J. M. Olaguibe, I. Moneo
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Carmine (E120), a natural red dye extracted from the dried females of the insect Dactylopius coccus var. Costa (eochineal), has been reported to cause hypersensitivity reactions. We report a case of occupational asthma and food allergy due to carmine in a worker not engaged in dye manufacturing. A 35‐year‐old nonatopic man, who had worked for 4 years in a spice warehouse, reported asthma and rhinoeonjunctivitis for 5 months, related to carmine handling in his work. Two weeks before the visit, he reported one similar episode after the ingestion of a red‐colored sweet containing carmine. Peak flow showed drops higher than 25% related to carmine exposure. Prick tests with the cochineal insect and carmine were positive, but negative to common aeroallergens, several mites, foods, and spices. The methacholine test was positive. Specific bronchial challenge test with a cochineal extract was positive with a dual pattern (20% and 24% fall in FEV i ). Double‐blind oral challenge with E120 was positive. The patient's sera contained specific IgE for various high‐molecular‐weight proteins from the cochineal extract, as shown by immunoblotting. Carmine proteins can induce IgE‐mediated food allergy and occupational asthma in workers using products where its presence could be easily overlooked, as well as in dye manufacture workers.
The Heart in Periarteritis Nodosa
Authors: DONALD R. HOLSINGER, PHILIP J. OSMUNDSON, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The records of 66 necropsied cases of periarteritis nodosa in which there was no associated collagen disease were reviewed with reference specifically to the heart. Clinically, congestive heart failure and its manifestations were the most important cardiac findings. Congestive heart failure developed some time during the illness in 57 per cent of the patients, and 44 per cent died as a direct result of this cardiac condition. Myocardial infarction was diagnosed clinically in only three cases. The electrocardiogram was abnormal in 35 of 41 cases but was diagnostic of left ventricular hypertrophy in only six cases and of acute myocardial infarction in only three cases; in the other cases the changes were of a nonspecific nature. Pathologically, 41 of the 66 hearts had evidence of necrotizing arteritis of the coronary arteries; in 39 of these the arteritis had been acute, and in two it had healed. Forty-one of the 66 hearts exhibited myocardial infarcts. Evidence of acute pericarditis was found in 22 hearts; nine of these cases were attributed to uremia, one was due to transmural myocardial infarction, three could not be classified, and the remaining nine were attributed directly to the periarteritis nodosa. Forty-one of the 64 hearts that had been weighed were hypertrophied.
Evaluation of NIH consensus criteria for classification of late acute and chronic GVHD
Authors: Afonso C. Vigorito, Paulo V. Campregher, Barry E. Storer, Paul A. Carpenter, Carina K. Moravec, Hans-Peter Kiem, Matthew L. Fero, Edus H. Warren, Stephanie J. Lee, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Paul J. Martin, Mary E. D. Flowers
Journal: Blood (2009)
THE USE OF HEAT AND RADIUM IN THE TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE JAWS AND CHEEKS
Authors: G. B. NEW
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Cancer of the jaws and cheeks is one of the most malignant forms of new growth. The type that is primary in the cheek is probably only exceeded in its malignancy by the melano-epithelioma. Little is known regarding the causation of such growths except that chronic irritation of some sort is believed to be an important factor, and, this being true, every snag of tooth or any other source of irritation should be eliminated from the mouth as a prophylactic measure. While tobacco may be a cause in some cases, it probably has not so much importance as is usually attributed to it. The man with cancer of the cheek who chews tobacco has, as a rule, carried the tobacco on the unaffected side of the mouth. Syphilis is undoubtedly a factor in the production of cancer of the tongue, but is of no demonstrable consequence in relation to cancer
The Term Allopathy—A Protest
Authors: Joseph A. Cogan
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> In the article, "The Medical Sects,"The Journal, July 9, 1910, p. 146, occurs the following passage: "Allopathy was just as sectarian as homeopathy. Indeed homeopathy was the inevitable retort to allopathy." Here is given a false impression—indeed, a misstatement of the facts. Both terms were the invention of Hahnemann; with him began the "pathies" and it is certainly time that scientific medicine put an end to them.
Mechanisms of bradycardia-induced ventricular arrhythmias in myocardial ischemia and infarction.
Authors: B J Scherlag, G Kabell, L Harrison, R Lazzara
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Experimental and clinical cases have been described in which bradycardia, i.e., heart rates below 60 beats/min or slowing of the heart rate, resulted in lethal ventricular arrhythmias during various stages of myocardial ischemia and infarction. The present study was designed to determine the relationship of lethal ventricular arrhythmias and slow heart rates. In 18 dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was ligated. Standard ECGs, His bundle electrograms and composite electrograms from intramural and epicardial areas in ischemic and normal zones were recorded during the first 3 hours of ischemia. Vagosympathetic trunk stimulation caused varying degrees of slowing and bradycardia. Of the 18 dogs, slowing of the heart rate or marked bradycardia induced ventricular ectopic beats coupled to the sinus beats in two, sustained ventricular tachycardia in two, and ventricular fibrillation in two. In another group of six dogs studied 17-25 days after LAD ligation, one dog showed sustained ventricular tachycardia in response to vagal-induced bradycardia. In all acute or chronic cases of arrhythmias after LAD ligation, continuous electrical activity was recorded on one or more of the electrograms within or overlying the ischemic or infarcted zones. This bridging electrical activation, which is indicative of slow conduction, provided strong presumptive evidence for reentry as the mechanism of lethal or potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias triggered by bradycardia in the setting of myocardial infarction.
Abstract 1382: Developmental exposure to BPA increases the prostate cancer susceptibility via reprogramming of androgen-responsive genes via increased H3K4me3 methylation
Authors: Quan Wang, Rebecca Lee Yean Wong, Donna F. Kusewitt, Maarten C. Bosland, Jing Chen, Mario Medvedovic, Gail S. Prins, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Shuk-Mei Ho, Cheryl Lyn Walker
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Early life exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) during critical developmental periods increases susceptibility to cancer and other diseases in adulthood. Because EDC exposures cause life-long changes in gene expression of target tissues, identification of gene targets for developmental reprogramming holds promise for both understanding the etiology of environmental causes of cancer and development of biomarkers of EDC exposure. Aim: Our goal was to identify targets for developmental reprogramming in the prostate using a rat model for development of hormone-dependent early prostate (PIN) lesions induced by the EDC bisphenol A (BPA). Methods: Rats were exposed neonatally to vehicle or BPA and assessed at 12 months for development of hormone-dependent prostate lesions. Epigenetic status and gene expression were profiled in the at-risk (d70) adult prostate using CHIP- and RNA-seq, with qRT-PCR and ChIP used to confirm changes in gene expression and histone methylation (respectively). Results: As expected, BPA exposure significantly increased PIN lesions and the dysplasia score in 12 mo rats. CHIP-seq in adult rats (day 70) prior to lesion development showed a significant increase in histone H3, lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) levels in prostate cancer-associated KEGG pathway genes of rats exposed to BPA neonatally. Changes reflective of both increased basal, as well as hormone-induced, KEGG pathway gene expression were observed in BPA exposed animals at increased risk for development of PIN lesions. Conclusion: Neonatal BPA exposure reprograms the developing prostate to alter gene expression in adulthood and increase incidence and severity of prostatic dysplasia. Several KEGG-pathway prostate cancer pathway genes were identified as targets for epigenetic reprogramming, providing new tools for future studies to understand gene-environment interactions as determinants of prostate cancer risk. Citation Format: Quan Wang, Rebecca Lee Yean Wong, Donna F. Kusewitt, Maarten C. Bosland, Jing Chen, Mario Medvedovic, Gail S. Prins, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Shuk-Mei Ho, Cheryl Lyn Walker. Developmental exposure to BPA increases the prostate cancer susceptibility via reprogramming of androgen-responsive genes via increased H3K4me3 methylation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1382. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1382
Site of Heart Block as Defined by His Bundle Recording
Authors: KENNETH M. ROSEN, SHAHBUDIN H. RAHIMTOOLA, ROLF M. GUNNAR, MAURICE LEV
Journal: Circulation (1972)

His bundle electrograms were recorded in three patients with heart block who subsequently died. Serial sections of the conduction system were performed. Two patients had complete block distal to H with wide QRS and P-H intervals of 135 and 100 msec, respectively (normal 80-140 msec). Postmortem (PM) revealed relatively insignificant A-V nodal lesions and major destructive lesions of both bundle branches. The third patient had block proximal to H with left bundle-branch block and H-V prolongation. PM revealed amyloidosis of the A-V nodal approaches and fatty infiltration of the A-V node and His bundle. There were also fibroelastic lesions, with total disruption of the left and moderate involvement of the right bundle branch. The first patient also had sinus pauses as well as delay between what was felt to be posterior internodal tract depolarization and the P wave. PM also revealed arteriolosclerosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, and fibroelastosis of the SA nodal approaches. Block distal to H appeared to reflect total disruption of both bundle branches. Normal P-H intervals appeared to correlate with relatively insignificant A-V nodal lesions. Block proximal to H with bundle-branch block and H-V prolongation reflected multiple conduction lesions. SA block appeared to reflect involvement of the SA nodal approaches.
Empirical evidence and authoritarian ethicists
Authors: R H Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

With regard to the comments of Dr R Ahmad and coworkers (7 February, p 372) it is interesting that their patients undergoing carpal tunnel release did not have arthropathy affecting large joints.This suggests that the carpal tunnel syndrome, though often seen in association with the arthro- pathy that affects large joints, may have a different pathogenesis.It is therefore perhaps not surprising that synovial iron deposits were rare in their patients.Amyloid deposits may be a factor in the carpal tunnel syndromes, and some patients with amyloidosis associated with plasma cell dyscrasias are known to develop this complication.
General Psychiatry
Authors: Donald Oken
Journal: JAMA (1976)

PRIMARY care currently has captured much attention. The need for more front-line physicians is clear, although it is but one piece in the jigsaw of health care. But what are the primary-care specialties? Thoughtful examination of the basic issues as they relate to the current practice of general psychiatry leads to an inescapable conclusion that this field belongs among the primary-care specialties. Because that fact is so inadequately appreciated, the present explanation is provided.  The primary care concept has developed rapidly, and no single definition for it exists. Nevertheless, there are several thoughtful analyses of its essential features 1-6 and one of them has achieved semiofficial status. 5 A review of these indicates that three broad criteria are subsumed: (1) Initial contact and care.—The physician of first contact who assesses the situation and provides care for as many problems as possible. (2) Integration.—The physician who coordinates the remainder of the
Chlorpropamide-Induced Agranulocytosis
Authors: Stanley C. Tucker
Journal: JAMA (1977)

AGRANULOCYTOSIS is a rare complication of chlorpropamide (Diabinese) therapy; it usually subsides as the drug is withdrawn. Death from this form of agranulocytosis is rare, with overwhelming infection the usual cause. 1-3 We report a case of spontaneously remitting agranulocytosis.  Report of a Case  A 79-year-old woman entered the hospital because of increasing lethargy, obtundation, and fever. She had been hospitalized the previous month when glucose intolerance was noted. At that time blood glucose level was 340 mg/dl, falling to 153 mg/dl following the institution of 250 mg twice a day of chlorpropamide. At the time of both admissions, she was taking the following oral medications: (1) prednisone, 5 mg twice a day, for chronic pulmonary fibrosis; (2) digoxin, 0.25 mg daily; (3) furosemide, 40 mg every other day; (4) chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride, 5 mg three times a day; (5) flurazepam hydrochloride, 15 mg every hour; (6) tripelennamine citrate (expectorant