tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Primary HIV Infection
Authors: Abigail A. Silvers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters5 January 1999Characteristics of Primary HIV InfectionAbigail A. Silvers, MDAbigail A. Silvers, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-1-199901050-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I found Schacker and colleagues' article (1) disturbing. My first reaction was “Not another Tuskegee!” After careful reading, I don't think that it was. However, I have concerns about informed consent, whether options were clearly laid out, and whether participants were informed about new information on the treatment of HIV infection. I also find it surprising that no more than 19% of participants were prescribed antiretroviral treatment during follow-up by the independent physicians who were “experienced in the care of patients with HIV-1.”Reference1. Schacker TW, Hughes JP, Shea T, Coombs RW, Corey L. Biological and virologic characteristics of primary HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:613-20. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 January 1999Volume 130, Issue 1Page: 80KeywordsAntiretroviralsHIV infectionsHIV-1Patients Issue Published: 5 January 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Assessment of Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness Using Dynamic Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 T
Authors: Eline K. Vos, Geert J.S. Litjens, Thiele Kobus, Thomas Hambrock, Christina A. Hulsbergen-van de Kaa, Jelle O. Barentsz, Henkjan J. Huisman, Tom W.J. Scheenen
Journal: European Urology (2013)
A highly radiopaque vertebroplasty cement using tetraiodinated o-carborane additive
Authors: Ariadna Pepiol, Francesc Teixidor, Ketie Saralidze, Cees van der Marel, Paul Willems, Laura Voss, Menno L.W. Knetsch, Clara Vinas, Leo H. Koole
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
The Need for Epidemiologists
Authors: Roger Detels
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The increasing need for epidemiologists in biomedical research has been studied by polling organizations with present and potential needs for epidemiologic services. The research institutes of the National Institutes of the National Institutes of Health and the schools of medicine reported the greatest estimated need among the respondents. They and others polled indicated a substantial need for master's and doctoral level epidemiologists that cannot be fulfilled by current training programs in epidemiology. Broad, sound methodological training applicable to all health problems, and increased funding for support of epidemiologic trainees and training programs in institutions, which would make epidemiology training competitive with that in other fields, are strongly recommened.
Comparative Evaluation of Sublingual Long-Acting Nitrates
Authors: ANDREW P. KLAUS, BARRY L. ZARET, BERTRAM L. PITT, RICHARD S. ROSS
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Ten hospitalized patients performed two exercise tests per day on five consecutive days to determine the efficacy and duration of action of three sublingual long-acting nitrate preparations: isosorbide dinitrate, pentaerythritol trinitrate, and erythrityl tetranitrate. The duration of exercise to the point of ischemia, manifest as typical anginal pain and/or 1.0 mm ST-segment depression, was determined 45 min and 100 min after each long-acting nitrate was administered. These results were compared with the duration of exercise after placebo and two minutes after nitroglycerin administration. The mean durations of exercise in two tests after placebo were 62.5 sec and 58.4 sec (not significant) and the mean durations of exercise after nitroglycerin administration were 90.5 sec and 88.4 sec, both different from placebo ( P &lt; .001). There was no difference from placebo found 55 min after taking nitroglycerin. The mean durations of exercise 45 min after erythrityl tetranitrate, isosorbide dinitrate and pentaerythritol trinitrate were 89.1, 87.5, and 87.5 sec respectively and all were different from placebo ( P &lt; .01). Mean durations of exercise 100 min after erythrityl tetranitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, and pentaerythritol trinitrate were 76.4, 75.5, and 69.7 sec and none were significantly different from placebo. This study indicates that each long-acting nitrate is effective for at least 45 min and suggests that they should not be given on a fixed dosage schedule but rather should be taken prophylactically whenever an angina-provoking situation is anticipated.
Mutant feedback-resistant phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase associated with purine overproduction and gout. Phosphoribosylpyrophosphate and purine metabolism in cultured fibroblasts.
Authors: E Zoref, A De Vries, O Sperling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

We have reported previously two siblings with gout and uric acid lithiasis associated with excessive purine production. In the erythrocytes of these patients, phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase exhibited resistance to feedback-inhibition by normal cell constituents such as guanosine-5'-diphosphate (GDP) and adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP), resulting in superactivity of the mutant enzyme and consequently in increased PRPP content and availability for nucleotide synthesis. Erythrocyte PRPP content and availability were normal in the propositus' parents, his healthy brother and three sons, and they all had normal serum level and urinary excretion of uric acid, except for the mother who was hyperuricosuric. To further characterize this mutation we studied PRPP and purine metabolism in cultured fibroblasts of the affected family. PRPP synthetase in dialyzed lysates of fibroblasts from the propositus and his mother exhibited increased specific activity, more markedly at low inorganic phosphate concentration, and decreased sensitivity to inhibition by ADP and GDP, PRPP content and availability and the rate of de novo purine nucleotide synthesis were markedly increased in the fibroblasts of the propositus and to a lesser extent in the fibroblasts of his mother but were normal in the fibroblasts of the other family members investigated. The fibroblast studies demonstrate the following sequence of abnormalities: feedback-resistance of PRPP synthetase; superactivity of this enzyme in normal physiological milieu; increased availability of PRPP; and increased de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides. The pattern of inheritance of this disorder is compatible with both an X-linked recessive and autosomal dominant traits.
Anatomy, Surgery, History
Authors: John E. Skandalakis
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Imaging Myocardium at Risk and Coronary Inflammation in Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nevio Taglieri, Cristina Nanni, Francesco Saia, Luigi Lovato, Stefano Fanti, Claudio Rapezzi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Patients with non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) represent a heterogeneous group in terms of jeopardized myocardium, pathogenetic mechanisms, and risk of recurrent events. In particular, estimation of myocardium at risk may be challenging before angiography. Yet the mechanisms leading to coronary instability underlying acute coronary syndromes (ACS) have not been completely elucidated. In this report (figure), we describe the potential utility of FDG PET in defining the myocardium at risk and to unravel coronary inflammation in one NSTEMI patient with normal level of C-reactive protein. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of culprit lesions are also shown.
Persistent Low Back Pain and Ischiogluteal Bursitis-Reply
Authors: Arthur Taub
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  The patient in question complained of low back pain, with exacerbation after sitting or  It is most unusual for the pain of ischiogluteal bursitis to be manifest anywhere but in the buttock and to be exacerbated, rather than relieved, by standing. Tenderness over the sciatic nerve is a nonspecific finding.  My response suggested no immediate therapy but indicated one specific therapeutic approach, radiofrequency facetal branch denervation, should a specific test, local analgesic facetal branch block, prove the origin of symptoms.
Hyperhomocysteinemia, nutritional status, and cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Mohamed E. Suliman, A. Rashid Qureshi, Peter Bárány, Peter Stenvinkel, José C. Divino Filho, Björn Anderstam, Olof Heimbürger, Bengt Lindholm, Jonas Bergström
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Incidence of severe acute renal failure in adults: results of a community based study.
Authors: T G Feest, A Round, S Hamad
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the age related incidence of severe acute renal failure in adults in two health districts in England. DESIGN--Prospective study of patients identified as having severe acute renal failure within a two year period; subsequent monitoring of outcome for a further two years. SETTING--Two health districts in Devon. SUBJECTS--Those adults in a population of 444,971 who developed severe acute renal failure (serum creatinine concentration &gt; 500 mumol/l) for the first time during two years, with subsequent fall of the serum creatinine concentration below the index value. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS--125 adults (140 per million total population yearly, 172 per million adults) developed severe acute renal failure, of whom 90 (72%) were over 70. Age related incidence rose from 17 per million yearly in adults under 50 to 949 per million yearly in the 80-89 age groups. In 31 patients (25%) the cause was prostatic disease, which was related to a good prognosis (84% (26) alive at three months). Overall survival was 54% (67) at three months and 34% (42) at two years and was not significantly age related. 18 per million total population yearly (22 per million adult population) received acute dialysis. Referral rate for specialised opinion was 51 per million total population yearly with an estimated appropriate referral rate of 70 per million per year. CONCLUSIONS--The incidence of severe acute renal failure in the community is at least twice as high as the incidence reported from renal unit based studies. Prostatic disease, a preventable and treatable problem, is the most common cause. Survival figures indicate that age alone should not be a bar to specialist referral or treatment.
Violence–a Noxious Cocktail of Genes and the Environment
Authors: Mariya Moosajee
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

In 1991, Stephen Mobley shot and murdered a pizza store manager during an armed robbery in Georgia, USA.1 During his trial, the US lawyers requested that their client be tested for a specific genetic mutation found in the monoamine oxidase A gene which if present would explain his violent behaviour and thus exonerate him. Two courts rejected this request because of the lack of scientific evidence for such causation. However, if research were to yield good evidence of genetic influences on violence, future cases might be decided differently.
Finding the Courage to Reconsider Medical Therapy for Stable Angina
Authors: Eric D. Peterson, John S. Rumsfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Twenty-five years ago, care for patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease centered on the selection and titration of antianginal medications. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which was limited at that time to balloon angioplasty, was an alternative. However, the risks associated with the procedure and the rate of restenosis largely relegated it to second-line therapy for patients who did not have a response to best medical therapy. Fast-forward to the present. Coronary stents have revolutionized PCI and have reduced the rate of complications and the need for repeat interventions. This advance has markedly altered clinicians' thresholds for considering PCI. Now, the . . .
B-cell lymphoma with bowel-to-bowel penetration diagnosed by double-balloon endoscopy
Authors: C. Schäfer, B. Razziourrouh, H. Diepolder, B. Göke
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 52-year-old male patient was admitted because of diffuse abdominal pain and weight loss during the previous 6 months. Recent investigations, including an abdominal computed tomography scan and laparoscopy, revealed no pathologic findings. The laboratory results showed pathologic findings for iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin 12.6 g/dL, iron 74 µg/dL), and slight elevation of the C-reactive protein (1.1 mg/dL). Beside the above mentioned symptoms, the patient denied further health problems or use of any medication.
HLA B27 and the genetics of ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: J.C Woodrow, C.J Eastmond
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

One hundred and twenty-eight of 145 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were found to be HLA B27 positive. Five patients had evidence of a sero-negative peripheral arthritis resembling peripheral psoriatic arthritis and 3 of these were B27 negative. One further B27 negative patients had a sister with ankylosing spondylitis and ulcerative colitis and a mother with ulcerative colitis. There was evidence of a somewhat later age of onset of symptoms in B27 negative patients. These findings are interpreted as suggesting some degree of clinical and genetic heterogeneity in ankylosing spondylitis with genes for psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease being important in some individuals, particularly those who are B27 negative. Twenty-five first-degree relatives with ankylosing spondylitis were all B27 positive. The only instance of disassociation of B27 and spondylitis in a family was where the proband had ulcerative colitis as well as spondylitis. Of 13 B27 positive fathers 3 could be diagnosed as having definite ankylosing spondylitis (23%). These findings are thought to provide evidence against the concept that the gene for ankylosing spondylitis is not B27 but a closely linked gene and favour the occurrence of an environmental event affecting approximately one-fifth of B27 positive males to result in disease.
Far Echoes From the XVII International Congress of Medicine in London
Authors: Mark Bernhardt
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Reproduction and Human Welfare: A Challenge to Research; A Review of the Reproductive Sciences and Contraceptive Development
Authors: Carol M. Proudfit
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This book is the culmination of a two-year study supported by the Ford Foundation that assesses the present state of knowledge in the reproductive and contraceptive sciences and analyzes future needs of research funding in the field. The remarkable progress achieved in only two decades of reproductive research, as exemplified by the development of a variety of oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices, is summarized. Since presently available contraceptives have proved inadequate to stem the tide of world overpopulation, there must be continued effort to develop methods that are acceptable, accessible, safe, and effective for all individuals and societies. The study emphasizes that there is now an accumulation of data and an understanding of basic reproductive physiological processes, while the number of approved but unfunded research grant applications demonstrate that existing institutional and scientific personnel are available to meet the need. Three US Presidents have expressed concern that research in population
Distress and delay associated with urinary incontinence, frequency, and urgency in women.
Authors: P. A. Norton, L. D. MacDonald, P. M. Sedgwick, S. L. Stanton
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Departments of ObstetricsIt is ironic that though many personal topics may be and Gynaecology openly discussed with patients or in the media, uro-(Urodynamic Unit), St logical symptoms are still largely avoided.Yet urinary George's and St James's complaints are common among women, although exact Hospitals,London prevalence is difficult to estimate because various clinicAl 'researchow researchers use different definitions of severity and S L Stanton, FRCOG, patients have different thresholds for complaint.consultant and honorary senior Nemir and Middleton' found occasional stress inconti- lecturer nence in half of the premenopausal women they studied, and Brocklehurst2 estimated the prevalence of Clinical Epidemiology and urgency, frequency, and nocturia in elderly women to Social Medicine, St be 60%.Using stricter criteria, Yarnell et al found that George's Hospital Medical 3-7% of women in the general population complained School, London of "significant" urinary incontinence.3L turer It seems that patients who present to their doctor lecturer P M Sedgwick, BSC, complaining of various urinary symptoms, from statistical assistant occasional episodes to constant leakage, share one common factor: the problem has become so personally Correspondence to: Mr worrying that the patient is compelled to seek medical S L Stanton, Urodynamic advice.Thomas et al found that only a third of women Unit, Department of complaining of moderate or severe incontinence were Obstetrics and Gynaecology, receiving medical care or help from the social services.4St George's Hospital, In the study by Yarnell et al of the women who Cranmer Terrace, London TerRacE reported that urinary symptoms interfered with social SW17 ORE.or domestic life, only half had sought medical advice.'Thus patients with urinary symptoms who seek medical advice represent only the tip of the iceberg, and many who are troubled by their urinary complaints may delay seeking treatment.Although such delay is a common clinical impression, it has not been previously
Abstract LB-257: Ganitumab (AMG 479), an anti IGF-1R antibody, inhibits the proliferation of melanoma cells
Authors: Erika M. Von Euw, Veerauo V. Konkankit, Ke-Wei Gong, Frank Calzone, Richard S. Finn, Bartosz Chmielowski, Dennis J. Slamon
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract It has been shown that the Insulin-like growth factor receptor type I (IGF-1R) signaling pathway is highly active in metastatic melanoma. IGF-1 binding induces autophosphorylation of IGF-1R and initiation of MAPK and Akt pathways signaling which control cellular proliferation and survival. IGF-1 is a critical factor for growth of many types of cancer, including melanomas, and inhibition of its activity can trigger apoptosis by suppressing the PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways. Our main objective in this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a novel antibody to the IGF-1R (ganitumab) in a large panel of melanoma cancer cells. We have evaluated 41 human melanoma lines with well established genotypes. Among the 41 cell lines, 22 harbored the BRAF mutation, 10 were NRAS mutant and 9 were wild type for BRAF and NRAS mutations. Treatment with ganitumab (100µg/ml) resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation at 120 hrs in 20 out of 41 cell lines. We found that the response to ganitumab was independent of genotype. We chose 6 cell lines, 3 from the responder population and 3 non-responders (2 BRAF, 2 NRAS and 2 wild types) to further investigate the mechanism of action of ganitumab. Results from flow cytometry suggest that treatment of melanoma cells with 100 µg/ml ganitumab caused a 10% increase in apoptosis 72 hrs after treatment in sensitive cell lines compared with the resistant cell lines where we could not detect an increase in apoptotic cells. The effect of ganitumab was also investigated in a 3D colony soft agar formation assay. Melanoma cell lines sensitive to ganitumab showed a significant reduction in the ability to form colonies in soft agar compared with the cells that did not respond to the antibody. Ganitumab treatment led to a decrease in pAKT, pERK and pS6 in sensitive cell lines regardless of their driver oncogenic mutations when compared with non responder cell lines that showed no inhibition of these markers. In conclusion, inhibition of oncogenic MAPK and PI3K signaling by ganitumab resulted in activity in vitro against a large subset of melanoma cell lines. Our findings provide the rationale for further preclinical evaluation of ganitumab as a melanoma therapeutic. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-257. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-257
Marketing Status of Fluosol
Authors: A. K. DasGupta
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  The is in reference to the MEDICAL NEWS article 1 in which Mr Charles Marwick states that  is approved for marketing in   There is no authority or mechanism under the Canadian Food and Drugs Act to approve the sale of a medical device in Canada. Since April 1, 1983, the Medical Devices Regulations have required that a manufacturer receive a notice of compliance before selling a new implantable device in Canada. Such a notice is issued after a review of the manufacturer's data establishing the safety and efficacy of the device for the benefits claimed. Fluosol for transport of oxygen in humans is considered to be an implantable medical device. Prior to April 1, 1983, it has been used in Canada in instances wherein normal blood was not acceptable. The manufacturer's submission for specific benefits claimed is currently being reviewed for a notice of compliance.