tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Paclitaxel plus carboplatin versus paclitaxel plus alternating carboplatin and cisplatin for initial treatment of advanced ovarian cancer: long-term efficacy results: a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG) study
Authors: G. Aravantinos, G. Fountzilas, P. Kosmidis, M.A. Dimopoulos, G.P. Stathopoulos, N. Pavlidis, D. Bafaloukos, C. Papadimitriou, S. Karpathios, V. Georgoulias, P. Papakostas, H.P. Kalofonos, E. Grimani, D.V. Skarlos
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2005)
Mutations in the gene encoding the PML nuclear body protein Sp110 are associated with immunodeficiency and hepatic veno-occlusive disease
Authors: Tony Roscioli, Simon T Cliffe, Donald B Bloch, Christopher G Bell, Glenda Mullan, Peter J Taylor, Maria Sarris, Joanne Wang, Jennifer A Donald, Edwin P Kirk, John B Ziegler, Ulrich Salzer, George B McDonald, Melanie Wong, Robert Lindeman, Michael F Buckley
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Unique Gene Expression Profile Based on Pathologic Response in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Dimitrios Spentzos, Douglas A. Levine, Shakirahmed Kolia, Hasan Otu, Jeff Boyd, Towia A. Libermann, Stephen A. Cannistra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

We investigated whether tumor tissue obtained at diagnosis expresses a specific gene profile that is predictive of findings at second-look surgery in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).Tumor tissue obtained at the time of diagnosis was profiled with oligonucleotide microarrays. Class prediction analysis was performed in a training set of 24 patients who had undergone a second-look procedure. The resultant predictive signature was then tested on an independent validation set comprised of 36 patients.A 93-gene signature referred to as the Chemotherapy Response Profile (CRP) was identified through its association with pathologic complete response. When applied to a separate validation set, the CRP distinguished between patients with unfavorable versus favorable overall survival (median 41 months v not yet reached, respectively, log-rank P = .007), with a median follow-up of 52 months. The signature maintained independent prognostic value in multivariate analysis, controlling for other known prognostic factors such as age, stage, grade, and debulking status. There was no genetic overlap between the CRP and our previously described Ovarian Cancer Prognostic Profile (OCPP), which demonstrated similar prognostic value. The combination of the CRP and OCPP yielded better prognostic discrimination then either profile alone. Genes present in the CRP include BAX, a proapoptotic protein previously associated with chemotherapy response in ovarian cancer.Identification of a gene expression profile based on pathologic response in EOC provides independent prognostic information and offers potential insights into the mechanism of drug resistance. Efforts to identify a more tailored profile using selected genes from both the CRP and OCPP are underway.
COX-2 expression in asthmatic airways: the story so far
Authors: L PANG
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Cyclo-oxygenase (COX), also known as prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS), is the rate limiting enzyme for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids and exists in two isoforms. COX-1 is constitutively expressed and is responsible for the basal production of prostanoids, whereas COX-2 is highly inducible by a number of stimuli including cytokines and is associated with inflammation. Accumulating evidence suggests that the induction and regulation of COX-2 may be key elements in the pathophysiological process of a number of inflammatory disorders and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma.1 

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with symptomatic asthma contains significantly increased levels of a number of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1β and tumour necrosis factor α.2 3 It has recently been shown that these proinflammatory cytokines are capable of inducing COX-2 in a number of cultured airway cells including airway epithelial cells,4 5 airway smooth muscle cells,6 7and airway fibroblasts.8 In addition, we have shown that transforming growth factor β1 and the …
AGGLUTINATION BY PRECIPITIN
Authors: F. S. Jones
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Serum (antigen) when heated at a temperature sufficient to cause definite clouding reacts more intensely with a specific precipitin than a portion of the unheated serum or samples heated at lower temperatures. The phenomenon is explained on the basis that coagulated protein in suspension is covered with undenatured antigen and the addition of precipitin causes agglutination of the coagulated protein. Similar phenomena are obtained when bacteria or collodion particles are mixed with diluted serum (antigen) and precipitin added; the particles or bacteria agglutinate and increase the visibility of the reaction. Further, it is shown that collodion particles sensitized with cow serum or crystallized egg albumin and subsequently washed until the washing fluid no longer contains the antigenic substance will agglutinate when small quantities of specific precipitin are added. Bacteria sensitized with cow serum and subsequently washed until cow serum no longer remains in the washing solution agglutinate when cow antiserum at fairly low concentration is added. It was not possible to show that bacteria soaked in crystallized egg albumin and subsequently washed retained on their surfaces sufficient undenatured egg albumin to react to crystallized egg albumin precipitin.
Treating Complicated Grief
Authors: Naomi M. Simon
Journal: JAMA (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> The death of a loved one is one of life's greatest, universal stressors to which most bereaved individuals successfully adapt without clinical intervention. For a minority of bereaved individuals, grief is complicated by superimposed problems and healing does not occur. The resulting syndrome of complicated grief causes substantial distress and functional impairment even years after a loss, yet knowing when and how to intervene can be a challenge. <h3>Objective</h3> To discuss the differential diagnosis, risk factors for and management of complicated grief based on available evidence and clinical observations. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> MEDLINE was searched from January 1990 to October 2012. Additional citations were procured from references of select research and review articles. Available treatment studies targeting complicated grief were included. <h3>Results</h3> A strong research literature led to inclusion of complicated grief in the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>(Fifth Edition) (termed<i>persistent complex bereavement disorder</i>as a subtype of other specified trauma and stressor-related disorders), although it is a condition for which more research is formally recommended, and there is still ongoing discussion about the optimal name and diagnostic criteria for the disorder. Reliable screening instruments are available, and the estimated prevalence rate is 7% of bereaved people. Randomized controlled data support the efficacy of a targeted psychotherapy including elements that foster resolution of complicating problems and facilitate the natural healing process. Preliminary studies suggest antidepressant medications may be helpful. <h3>Conclusion and Relevance</h3> Individuals with complicated grief have greater risk of adverse health outcomes, should be diagnosed and assessed for suicide risk and comorbid conditions such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder, and should be considered for treatment.
E.B. virus and multiple sclerosis.
Authors: J Nikoskelainen, M Panelius, A Salmi
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Coombs test negative.There was a gross deficiency of erythrocyte G-6-PD.The patitnt was transferred to another job.After a month the blood findings had returned practically to normal; the urine contained no urobilin; and the serum bilirubin was 0-5 mg/100 ml.We believe that the acute haemolytic crisis in this patient was due to nalidixic acid.The patient had not eaten broad beans nor taken any haemolysing drugs, nor had he come into contact with any other haemolysing substances in his work.We record this case to draw attention to the importance of G-6-PD-screening in subjects who are occupationally exposed to nalidixic acid or other haemolysing drugs.-Weare, etc.,
Enhanced expression of monocyte tissue factor in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: M Saliola, R Lorenzet, D Ferro, S Basili, C Caroselli, A Di Santo, M Sallese, F Violi
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —Previous studies have shown that cirrhotic patients produce increased amounts of thrombin but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Aims —To analyse the relation between the rate of thrombin generation and monocyte expression of tissue factor (TF) in cirrhosis. Patients —Thirty three cirrhotic patients classified as having low (n=7), moderate (n=17), or severe (n=9) liver failure according to Child-Pugh criteria. Methods —Prothrombin fragment F1+2, monocyte TF activity and antigen, and endotoxaemia were measured in all patients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of TF mRNA was performed in monocytes of five cirrhotic patients. Results —Prothrombin fragment F1+2 was higher in cirrhotic patients than in controls (p&lt;0.0001). Monocytes from cirrhotic patients had higher TF activity and antigen than those from controls (p&lt;0.001) with a progressive increase from low to severe liver failure. Monocyte expression of TF was significantly correlated with plasma levels of F1+2 (TF activity: r =0.98, p&lt;0.0001; TF antigen: r =0.95, p&lt;0.0001) and with endotoxaemia (TF activity: r =0.94, p&lt;0.0001; TF antigen: r =0.91, p&lt;0.0001). PCR analysis of TF mRNA showed TF expression only in three patients with endotoxaemia (more than 15 pg/ml). Conclusions —Cirrhotic patients have enhanced expression of TF which could be responsible for clotting activation, suggesting that endotoxaemia might play a pivotal role.
Abstract 19361: Reversal of Anticoagulant-induced Bleeding in External and Internal Bleeding Models by PER977, a Small Molecule Anticoagulant Antidote
Authors: Sasha Bakhru, Bryan Laulicht, Xuan Jiang, Lirong Chen, Michael Grosso, Yoshiyuki Morishima, Karen Brown, Michele Mercuri, Hiroshi Masumoto, James Costin, Solomon Steiner
Journal: Circulation (2014)

The new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) offer significant advantages over heparins and warfarin therapies. However, concern over serious bleeding and potential over-dosage is heightened with the lack of a specific reversal agent. PER977 is a synthetic small molecule in clinical development as an anticoagulant reversal agent. In the current studies, PER977 reversal was evaluated in two preclinical bleeding models, recapitulating the clinical scenarios of reversal in actively bleeding cutaneous wounds and internal large organ lacerations. Reversal of anticoagulation-induced, active bleeding was demonstrated in a rat tail transection model. Rats were dosed with the direct factor Xa inhibitor, edoxaban, resulting in large increases in blood loss mass. Briefly, the rat was orally dosed with edoxaban. After 75 min, rat tails were fully transected 2 mm from the tip. Immediately after tail transection, PER977 solution or saline was administered through the jugular vein. Blood from the tail was collected for 7.5 minutes and then transferred into a second collection tube for an additional 7.5 minutes. PER977 significantly decreased bleeding in vivo in rats treated with edoxaban (Figure 1a) within the first 7.5 minutes after PER977 administration. Additionally, bleeding was evaluated in a rat liver laceration model of internal bleeding. Following calibrated cuts to the medial lobe of the exposed liver, bleeding time was determined to the nearest 15 seconds. This rat liver laceration internal bleeding model demonstrated that edoxaban can significantly increase the bleeding time after the rat liver is lacerated. Moreover, the i.v. administration of PER977 can fully reverse the anticoagulant effect of edoxaban 10 minutes after PER977 administration (Figure 1b). In conclusion, PER977 is a synthetic small molecule that reverses NOAC anticoagulation in animal models of external and internal bleeding, and is currently in phase 2 clinical studies with edoxaban.
Conditional HIF-1 induction produces multistage neovascularization with stage-specific sensitivity to VEGFR inhibitors and myeloid cell independence
Authors: Sunday S. Oladipupo, Song Hu, Andrea C. Santeford, Junjie Yao, Joanna R. Kovalski, Ralph V. Shohet, Konstantin Maslov, Lihong V. Wang, Jeffrey M. Arbeit
Journal: Blood (2011)
Studies of Cognitive Change in Patients With Schizophrenia Following Novel Antipsychotic Treatment
Authors: Philip D. Harvey, Richard S.E. Keefe
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

Novel antipsychotic medications have been reported to have beneficial effects on cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia. However, these effects have been assessed in studies with considerable variation in methodology. A large number of investigator-initiated and industry-sponsored clinical trials are currently underway to determine the effect of various novel antipsychotics on cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. The ability to discriminate between high- and low-quality studies will be required to understand the true implications of these studies and their relevance to clinical practice.This article addresses several aspects of research on cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia, emphasizing how the assessment of cognitive function in clinical trials requires certain standards of study design to lead to interpretable results.Novel antipsychotic medications appear to have preliminary promise for the enhancement of cognitive functioning. However, the methodology for assessing the treatment of cognitive deficits is still being developed.Researchers and clinicians alike need to approach publications in this area with a watchful eye toward methodological weaknesses that limit the interpretability of findings.
Ion channels in the endometrium: regulation of endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation
Authors: Ye Chun Ruan, Hui Chen, Hsiao Chang Chan
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2014)

Although embryo implantation is a prerequisite for human reproduction, it remains a poorly understood process. The molecular mechanisms regulating endometrial receptivity and/or embryo implantation are still largely unclear.Pubmed and Medline literature databases were searched for articles in English published up to December 2013 with relevant keywords including 'endometrium', 'Na(+), Cl(-), K(+), or Ca(2+) channels', 'ion channels', 'endometrial receptivity', 'blastocyst implantation' and 'embryo implantation'.At the time of writing, more than 14 types of ion channels, including the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, epithelial sodium channel and various Ca(2+) and K(+) channels, had been reported to be expressed in the endometrium or cells of endometrial origin. In vitro and/or in vivo studies conducted on different species, including rodents, pigs and humans, demonstrated the involvement of various ion channels in the process of embryo implantation by regulating: (i) uterine luminal fluid volume; (ii) decidualization; and (iii) the expression of the genes associated with implantation. Importantly, abnormal ion channel expression was found to be associated with implantation failure in IVF patients.Ion channels in the endometrium are emerging as important players in regulating endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. Abnormal expression or function of ion channels in the endometrium may lead to impaired endometrial receptivity and/or implantation failure. Further investigation into the roles of endometrial ion channels may provide a better understanding of the complex process of embryo implantation and thus reveal novel targets for diagnosis and treatment of implantation failure.
Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Authors: Michael L. LeFevre
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Update of the 2004 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the benefits and harms of antiviral treatment, the benefits of education or behavior change counseling, and the association between improvements in intermediate and clinical outcomes after antiviral therapy.This recommendation applies to asymptomatic, nonpregnant adolescents and adults at high risk for HBV infection (including those at high risk who were vaccinated before being screened for HBV infection).The USPSTF concludes that persons at high risk for infection should be screened for HBV infection. (B recommendation).
Comparison of treadmill exercise versus dipyridamole stress with myocardial perfusion imaging using rubidium-82 positron emission tomography
Authors: Benjamin J.W. Chow, Karthikeyan Ananthasubramaniam, Robert A. deKemp, Mary M. Dalipaj, Rob S.B. Beanlands, Terrence D. Ruddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Detection of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Serum as a Predictor of the Response to Gefitinib in Patients with Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hideharu Kimura, Kazuo Kasahara, Makoto Kawaishi, Hideo Kunitoh, Tomohide Tamura, Brian Holloway, Kazuto Nishio
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Cases of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carrying the somatic mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been shown to be hyperresponsive to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib (IRESSA). If EGFR mutations can be observed in serum DNA, this could serve as a noninvasive source of information on the genotype of the original tumor cells that could influence treatment and the ability to predict patient response to gefitinib. Serum genomic DNA was obtained from Japanese patients with NSCLC before first-line gefitinib monotherapy. Scorpion Amplified Refractory Mutation System technology was used to detect EGFR mutations. Wild-type EGFR was detected in all of the 27 serum samples. EGFR mutations were detected in 13 of 27 (48.1%) patients and two major EGFR mutations were identified (E746_A750del and L858R). The EGFR mutations were seen significantly more frequently in patients with a partial response than in patients with stable disease or progressive disease (P = 0.046, Fisher's exact test). The median progression-free survival was significantly longer in patients with EGFR mutations than in patients without EGFR mutations (200 versus 46 days; P = 0.005, log-rank test). The median survival was 611 days in patients with EGFR mutations and 232 days in patients without EGFR mutations (P &amp;gt; 0.05). In pairs of tumor and serum samples obtained from 11 patients, the EGFR mutation status in the tumors was consistent with those in the serum of 8 of 11 (72.7%) of the paired samples. Thus, EGFR mutations were detectable using Scorpion Amplified Refractory Mutation System technology in serum DNA from patients with NSCLC. These results suggest that patients with EGFR mutations seem to have better outcomes with gefitinib treatment, in terms of progression-free survival, overall survival, and response, than those patients without EGFR mutations.
Notes of a Case of Gastro-Enterostomy for Pyloric Tumour, with Gradual Disappearance of the Tumour after Operation
Authors: J. C. Renton
Journal: BMJ (1892)

gnosis of perforation.Here we have pain, sickness and faintness, with slowly extending tenderness and distension, but all these conditions are much less marked in the early stage than they are in the first group, though they may at the end of two or three days develop rapidly, and end the patient's life in a few hours.Here there is a smaller leakage whicll becomes more or less encysted by adhesions, and which may eventually form a well-defined abscess, perforating into the intestine, or on to the surface of the abdomen, or into the thorax2; or some accidental exertion, such as that of -i7omiting, may rupture the collection into the general peri- toneal cavity, and set uip a rapidly fatal diffuse peritonitis.In this second group, ill-marked as the symptoms are as compared with those in group one, yet with a history of symp- toms of aastric ulcer they would generally call for an explor- atory incision.
H5N1 Avian Influenza: Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies Against a Pandemic
Authors: Suryaprakash Sambhara, Gregory A. Poland
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2010)

Avian influenza H5N1 viruses that have spread to a number of countries in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa have the potential to cause a pandemic. The most effective public health intervention strategy is to combine preventive vaccination with nonpharmaceutical intervention strategies and enhanced surveillance activities. H5N1 vaccines are poorly immunogenic even at high doses; an adjuvant is needed for enhancement of immunogenicity and for dose-sparing. Lack of effective, yet safe, adjuvants is the limiting factor for candidate vaccines that utilize egg-dependent or egg-independent manufacturing technologies. Hence, developing novel adjuvants is crucial for pandemic influenza vaccine development. Although the use of antiviral drugs is also an important public health countermeasure for preventing and treating influenza, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of avian H5N1 viruses underscores the need to develop not only new drugs but other novel preventive and therapeutic strategies such as vaccines.
Extrapancreatic necrosis without pancreatic parenchymal necrosis: a separate entity in necrotising pancreatitis?
Authors: Olaf J Bakker, Hjalmar van Santvoort, Marc G H Besselink, Marja A Boermeester, Casper van Eijck, Kees Dejong, Harry van Goor, Sijbrand Hofker, Usama Ahmed Ali, Hein G Gooszen, Thomas L Bollen
Journal: Gut (2012)

In the revised Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis, the term necrotising pancreatitis also refers to patients with only extrapancreatic fat necrosis without pancreatic parenchymal necrosis (EXPN), as determined on contrast-enhanced CT (CECT). Patients with EXPN are thought to have a better clinical outcome, although robust data are lacking.A post hoc analysis was performed of a prospective multicentre database including 639 patients with necrotising pancreatitis on contrast-enhanced CT. All CECT scans were reviewed by a single radiologist blinded to the clinical outcome. Patients with EXPN were compared with patients with pancreatic parenchymal necrosis (with or without extrapancreatic necrosis). Outcomes were persistent organ failure, need for intervention and mortality. A predefined subgroup analysis was performed on patients who developed infected necrosis.315 patients with EXPN were compared with 324 patients with pancreatic parenchymal necrosis. Patients with EXPN less often suffered from complications: persistent organ failure (21% vs 45%, p<0.001), persistent multiple organ failure (15% vs 36%, p<0.001), infected necrosis (16% vs 47%, p<0.001), intervention (18% vs 57%, p<0.001) and mortality (9% vs 20%, p<0.001). When infection of extrapancreatic necrosis developed, outcomes between groups were equal (mortality with infected necrosis: EXPN 28% vs pancreatic necrosis 18%, p=0.16).EXPN causes fewer complications than pancreatic parenchymal necrosis. It should therefore be considered a separate entity in acute pancreatitis. Outcome in cases of infected necrosis is similar.
Studies Made by Simulating Systole at Necropsy
Authors: ISAAC STARR, T. G. SCHNABEL, R. L. MAYOCK
Journal: Circulation (1953)

This paper describes results obtained during the last three years with special emphasis on those secured since the development of the technic which permits us to employ compatible blood as perfusion fluid. Using the method of paired experiments, data have been obtained on the effects on the pulse wave and the ballistocardiogram which follow changes in the total energy of the simulated systole, changes in the way that energy is applied during the systole, changes in resistance as measured by diastolic pressure, and differences in the amount of arteriosclerosis present in various subjects.