tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid Diagnosis of Smear-negative Tuberculosis by Bronchoalveolar Lavage Enzyme-linked Immunospot
Authors: Claudia Jafari, Martin Ernst, Barbara Kalsdorf, Ulf Greinert, Roland Diel, Detlef Kirsten, Kathleen Marienfeld, Ajit Lalvani, Christoph Lange
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

In a large proportion of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (pTB), acid-fast bacilli smear results for sputum and bronchial secretions are negative. Detectable growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in cultures takes several weeks and MTB-specific DNA amplification results on sputum and bronchial secretions are variable in these patients.We investigated whether a rapid diagnosis of pTB can be established by enumeration of MTB-specific mononuclear cells from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in routine clinical practice.Patients presenting to a tertiary hospital with medical histories and pulmonary infiltrates compatible with tuberculosis, and negative acid-fast bacilli smear results (three) from sputum, were prospectively enrolled in this study. An MTB-specific enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT [T-SPOT.TB; Oxford Immunotec, Abingdon, UK]) with early antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) peptides was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and mononuclear cells from the BAL fluid (BALMCs).Of 37 patients, 12 were found to have smear-negative pTB and 25 were found to have an alternative diagnosis. Patients with tuberculosis had a median number of 17 ESAT-6-specific cells and 24.5 CFP-10-specific cells per 200,000 PBMCs and 37.5 ESAT-6-specific cells and 49.5 CFP-10-specific cells per 200,000 cells in the BAL fluid. Control patients had a median of 1 ESAT-6-specific cell and 1 CFP-10-specific cell per 200,000 PBMCs and no ESAT-6- and CFP-10-specific cells per 200,000 cells in the BAL fluid (p < 0.0001). All patients with TB but none of the control subjects had more than 5 spot-forming cells per 200,000 BALMCs with either peptide in the BAL fluid ELISPOT.Smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis can be diagnosed rapidly by identification of MTB-specific cells in the BAL fluid.
Grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) to poly-lysine augments its lifetime in blood circulation and accumulation in tumors without loss of the ability to associate with siRNA
Authors: Arihiro Kano, Kenji Moriyama, Takeshi Yamano, Izumi Nakamura, Naohiko Shimada, Atsushi Maruyama
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Modified bleeding time in the infant
Authors: Maureen Andrew, Valerie Castle, Lesley Mitchell, Bosco Paes
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract The present authors developed a modified template bleeding time for use in the newborn infant. The sensitivity of the bleeding time to the presence of antibiotics, indomethacin, generalized illness, and thrombocytopenia was tested in 242 infants. Both indomethacin and thrombocytopenia similarly prolonged the BT, and the latter could be corrected by raising the platelet count.
US plans to deploy 3000 army personnel to tackle Ebola in west Africa
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The United States will deploy 3000 army personnel in a major effort to combat the Ebola outbreak in west Africa, President Barack Obama said on 16 September.

“Faced with this outbreak, the world is looking to us—the United States—and it’s a responsibility that we embrace,” Obama said at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, where he had attended briefings on the situation. He added, “We’re prepared to take leadership on this to provide the kind of capabilities that only America has and to mobilize the world in ways that only America can do.”

The epidemic in west Africa was “spiraling out of control,” Obama warned, adding, “Today, thousands of people in west Africa are infected. That number could rapidly grow to tens of thousands. And if the outbreak is not stopped …
Who decides the law of the land?
Authors: C C Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

A cornerstone of American-Indian cultures is a deep sense of interconnectedness with the natural environment. To preserve this sense of interconnectedness on tribal lands, many American Indians believe that sovereignty over environmental affairs on tribal lands is essential. But a number of shortcomings have historically and continually weakened tribal authority, and years of federal neglect have left most tribes unprepared to deal with their environmental problems.
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF A HEAT-STABLE SUBSTANCE ISOLATED FROM TISSUES INFECTED WITH VACCINE VIRUS
Authors: Robert F. Parker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

We have shown that it is possible to obtain from extracts of vaccine virus-infected tissues a substance or substances, apparently protein, which are serologically active, and which are specifically related to vaccinal infection. The present investigation is concerned with a study of their immunological reactions. Their intraperitoneal injection in rabbits is followed by the appearance in the serum of these animals of antibodies directed specifically against them. The precipitating capacities of this serum are entirely removed after addition of appropriate quantities of heated vaccine virus extract, indicating that antibodies against only the heat-stable antigens have been produced. Further evidence of the specificity of the antibodies is gained from the reverse experiment, that is, absorption of a virus extract with the serum. We have shown that under suitable conditions the serum will remove S antigen specifically leaving the labile substances in solution. This would apparently indicate that they are serologically distinct although both are vaccinal products. Serum of animals injected with the S substance and containing antibodies against it in high titer is apparently capable of neutralizing minute amounts of active virus. The animals providing the serum are, however, without demonstrable resistance to vaccinia. The significance of the neutralizing activity of the serum is debatable because it is of a greatly different order of magnitude from that which follows infection with vaccinia.
Long-Term Exposure to Concentrated Ambient PM <sub>2.5</sub> Increases Mouse Blood Pressure through Abnormal Activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System: A Role for Hypothalamic Inflammation
Authors: Zhekang Ying, Xiaohua Xu, Yuntao Bai, Jixin Zhong, Minjie Chen, Yijia Liang, Jinzhuo Zhao, Dongyao Liu, Masako Morishita, Qinghua Sun, Catherine Spino, Robert D. Brook, Jack R. Harkema, Sanjay Rajagopalan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Exposure to particulate matter≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) increases blood pressure (BP) in humans and animal models. Abnormal activation of the sympathetic nervous system may have a role in the acute BP response to PM2.5 exposure. The mechanisms responsible for sympathetic nervous system activation and its role in chronic sustenance of hypertension in response to PM2.5 exposure are currently unknown.We investigated whether central nervous system inflammation may be implicated in chronic PM2.5 exposure-induced increases in BP and sympathetic nervous system activation.C57BL/6J mice were exposed to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAPs) for 6 months, and we analyzed BP using radioactive telemetric transmitters. We assessed sympathetic tone by measuring low-frequency BP variability (LF-BPV) and urinary norepinephrine excretion. We also tested the effects of acute pharmacologic inhibitors of the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.Long-term CAPs exposure significantly increased basal BP, paralleled by increases in LF-BPV and urinary norepinephrine excretion. The increased basal BP was attenuated by the centrally acting α2a agonist guanfacine, suggesting a role of increased sympathetic tone in CAPs exposure-induced hypertension. The increase in sympathetic tone was accompanied by an inflammatory response in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, evidenced by increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes and inhibitor kappaB kinase (IKK)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway activation.Long-term CAPs exposure increases BP through sympathetic nervous system activation, which may involve hypothalamic inflammation.
Calcific shoulder periarthritis (tendinitis) in adult onset diabetes mellitus: a controlled study.
Authors: M E Mavrikakis, S Drimis, D A Kontoyannis, A Rasidakis, E S Moulopoulou, S Kontoyannis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Two groups, one of 824 adult diabetics and one of 320 age and sex matched non-diabetics, were examined for abnormal glucose metabolism and calcifications on anteroposterior shoulder x rays. Two hundred and sixty two (31.8%) of the diabetics had shoulder calcification compared with 33 (10.3%) of the control group, with a preponderant localisation in the right shoulder. Diabetes of long duration treated with insulin for a long time was associated with a larger percentage of shoulder calcifications. These data and previous laboratory findings suggest a possible pathogenetic correlation between the prevalence of calcific shoulder tendinitis and diabetes.
Clinical negligence claims continue to rise, thanks to "no win no fee" deals
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The “no win, no fee” legal deals could explain the continuing rise in litigation claims against the NHS, says the latest report from the NHS Litigation Authority.

There were 6652 clinical negligence claims reported to the authority in 2009-10, representing a 10% increase on 2008-9, says Stephen Walker, the authority’s chief executive, in his annual report. 

This is the second year running that the number of claims has risen substantially. The figure for 2008-9 was an 11% increase on the claims in 2007-8. The number of claims for the previous three years had remained relatively stable.

“We remain convinced that a major factor [in the number of …
DNA: Promise and Peril
Authors: Robert Root-Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Another Novel Use of Endoscopic Clipping: To Anchor an Esophageal Endoprosthesis
Authors: P. V.J. Sriram, G. Das, G. V. Rao, D. N. Reddy
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Endoscopic Hemoclips were developed as a method of securing permanent hemostasis in cases of nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding. However, Hemoclips have also been found useful in several other situations, such as closure of small perforations, as marking devices, and for anchoring feeding tubes. We describe here a further novel use of Hemoclips--to anchor an esophageal endoprosthesis.
THE CLINICAL STUDY OF INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS
Authors: Theodore C. Green
Journal: JAMA (1923)

To the Editor:  —Recent articles by Dr. C. P. Symonds and Dr. Harvey Cushing in Guy's Hospital Reports for April, 1923, pp. 140-163, not only present an unusually interesting series of cases, but demonstrate the possibility and means of making a diagnosis during life of this fairly common, yet too often overlooked condition. Intracranial aneurysms, which are most often at the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery, seldom become large enough to make a diagnosis possible before rupture. With rupture of the aneurysm, the patient is likely to complain of something snapping, of occipitofrontal pain, and especially of pain in the back of the neck. Unilateral ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, immobile pupil, and disturbances of vision point to pressure in the parachiasmal region. Following the intracranial hemorrhage is the picture of increased intracranial pressure, blood in the spinal fluid, and later, xanthochromia, and often subretinal hemorrhages. A rise in temperature, and signs
RETROPERITONEAL LYMPHOCYTOMA CAUSING CHYLOUS ASCITES AND CHYLOTHORAX
Authors: Bradley L. Coley
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The comparative rarity of true lymphocytoma is generally recognized. The case that came under my care was characterized by such unusual symptoms and presented such peculiar features that it seems justifiable to report it in full. <h3>History.</h3> —L. D., a married woman, aged 48, had always lived on Long Island, and had been in perfect health until the onset of the present illness. Two years before I saw her, she began to feel weakness and discomfort in the abdomen, which she attributed to an umbilical hernia, which, she states, had been present fifteen years. During this time, the abdomen had been large and pendulous. Associated with the feeling of discomfort, she had noticed dyspnea for the past eight months. There was a slight, intermittent, dull pain in the left upper quadrant. Her appetite, which had hitherto been excellent, began to fail, and there was some loss of weight. There were
Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The Journal does not ordinarily publish preliminary or incomplete reports of clinical trials. We have little interest in the early, inconclusive results of an ongoing study or the partial conclusions of a completed study to be published in a series of fragmented and overlapping reports. We prefer to reserve our pages for trials that have proceeded far enough to justify definite conclusions and reports that include all, not just some, of the results of a completed study.Why, then, do we publish as a Special Report in this week's issue1 the preliminary "Phase I" findings of a trial of intravenous . . .
Goitrogenic Anions, Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, and Thyroid Hormone in Infants
Authors: Yang Cao, Benjamin C. Blount, Liza Valentin-Blasini, Judy C. Bernbaum, Terry M. Phillips, Walter J. Rogan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundEnvironmental exposure of infants to perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, might interfere with thyroid function. U.S. women with higher background perchlorate exposure have higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and lower thyroxine (T4). There are no studies with individual measures of thyroid function and these goitrogens available in infants.ObjectiveWe examined the association of urinary perchlorate, nitrate, iodide, and thiocyanate with urinary T4 and TSH in infants and whether that association differed by sex or iodide status.MethodsWe used data and samples from the Study of Estrogen Activity and Development, which assessed hormone levels of full-term infants over the first 12 months of life. The study included 92 full-term infants between birth and 1 year of age seen up to four times. Perchlorate, thiocyanate, nitrate, and iodide were measured in 206 urine samples; TSH and T4 and were measured in urines and in 50 blood samples.ResultsIn separate mixed models, adjusting for creatinine, age, sex, and body mass index, infants with higher urinary perchlorate, nitrate or thiocyanate had higher urinary TSH. With all three modeled, children with higher nitrate and thiocyanate had higher TSH, but higher perchlorate was associated with TSH only in children with low iodide. Unexpectedly, exposure to the three chemicals was generally associated with higher T4.ConclusionsThe association of perchlorate exposure with increased urinary TSH in infants with low urinary iodide is consistent with previous findings. Higher thiocyanate and nitrate exposure were also associated with higher TSH in infants.
P353 ACTIVATION OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL PATHWAY Ngn-3/miR-7a REGULATES CHOLANGIOCYTES PROLIFERATION IN RESPONSE TO INJURY
Authors: M. Marzioni, L. Agostinelli, C. Candelaresi, S. Saccomanno, S. De Minicis, L. Maroni, C. Rychlicki, E. Mingarelli, L. Trozzi, A. Benedetti, G. Svegliati Baroni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Four-Year Results of Low-Dose CT Screening and Nodule Management in the ITALUNG Trial
Authors: Andrea Lopes Pegna, Giulia Picozzi, Fabio Falaschi, Laura Carrozzi, Massimo Falchini, Francesca Maria Carozzi, Francesco Pistelli, Camilla Comin, Annalisa Deliperi, Michela Grazzini, Florio Innocenti, Cristina Maddau, Alessandra Vella, Luca Vaggelli, Eugenio Paci, Mario Mascalchi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
The Free Medical and Surgical Treatment of the Well-to-do in Michigan University.
Authors: V. C. Vaughan
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Ann Arbor, Mich., March 2, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I do not know what authority you have for the editorial that appeared in your issue of February 26, under the above heading. This editorial contains some truth mixed with much error, and you will please allow me to separate the truth from the error. You state: " Since their establishment, the Clinic and University Hospital at Ann Arbor have, as a rule, treated all who applied. Occasionally a particular professor would object to treating a notoriously rich person, but no rule has been adopted. Moved, doubtless, by the protests of the profession and their own sense of equity, the medical faculty requested the Board of Regents, at a late meeting, to exclude all well-to-do people seeking admission to the university hospital. The Board has the matter under consideration. It is reported in the public press that the majority are opposed to
The relationship between blood pressure and environmental exposure to lead and cadmium in Belgium.
Authors: J Staessen, P Bruaux, F Claeys-Thoreau, P DePlaen, G Ducoffre, R Lauwerys, H Roels, D Rondia, F Sartor, A Amery
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

The question whether in the general population environmental exposure to lead and cadmium influences blood pressure after controlling for confounding factors remains debated. The environmental exposure of the Belgian population to both lead and cadmium is high as compared with other countries. The Cadmibel Cooperative Study was therefore designed to elucidate whether environmental exposure to lead and cadmium has any effect on blood pressure and renal function in the population at large. Before embarking on the large Cadmibel project, a small study was conducted. Blood pressure and the 24-hr urinary excretion of cadmium (CdU) and lead (PbU) were determined in a random 4% sample of the population of a small Belgian town. CdU averaged 0.27 micrograms/24 hr in 46 youths (mean age 14 +/- 3 years, +/- SD), increased with age, and was higher in 57 adult men (age 41 +/- 14 years), as compared with 59 adult women (age 39 +/- 14 years) (1.05 vs. 0.81 micrograms/24 hr; p less than 0.01). PbU averaged 5.8 micrograms/24 hr in youths and similarly increased with age; adult men excreted more lead than women (13.3 vs. 8.3 micrograms/24 hr; p less than 0.001). Among men, manual workers excreted more cadmium (1.4 vs. 0.8 micrograms/24 hr; p less than 0.05) but a similar amount of lead (7.0 vs. 6.9 micrograms/24 hr) as compared with office workers. In simple regression analysis, CdU was positively correlated with both systolic (r = 0.30; p less than 0.05) and diastolic (r = 0.38; p less than 0.01) blood pressure in women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Grants Made to Treat Adolescent Substance Abuse
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Myocardial glutathione depletion impairs recovery after short periods of ischemia.
Authors: A Blaustein, S M Deneke, R I Stolz, D Baxter, N Healey, B L Fanburg
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Isolated, isovolumic rat hearts, perfused by Krebs-Henseleit buffer at constant coronary flow rate, were used to explore the hypothesis that endogenous cardiac glutathione provides protection against myocardial dysfunction associated with short periods of ischemia. Experimental animals were depleted of cardiac glutathione to 35% of control levels by intraperitoneal injections of diethylmaleate (DEM). Left ventricular pressure, coronary perfusion pressure, and glutathione levels were measured in control and experimental hearts after 60 minutes of oxygenated perfusion and after 20 minutes of global, no-flow ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion. With each protocol, both control and glutathione-depleted hearts received either standard buffer or one supplemented with 2 mM glutathione. Recovery of systolic function after ischemia-reperfusion was impaired in DEM-treated hearts compared with controls. In addition, the rise in perfusion pressure and chamber stiffness was also greater in DEM-treated hearts compared with controls. Recovery in glutathione-depleted hearts was improved when the reperfusate was supplemented with glutathione. In addition, the supplemented reperfusate prevented the decrease in compliance and the increase in coronary perfusion pressure in the glutathione-depleted hearts. Ischemia-reperfusion alone were not associated with a significant alteration in myocardial glutathione levels. Prewashout myocardial levels of glutathione were elevated after reperfusion with glutathione-supplemented buffer but fell to baseline levels after a short washout period. These studies demonstrate that endogenous glutathione is important in protection of myocardium from injury after ischemia-reperfusion, presumably by modifying levels of active oxygen intermediates. The smaller changes in left ventricular pressure and coronary resistance after administration of GSH probably reflects an extracellular mechanism because benefit is seen soon after reperfusion.
False-Positive Cryptococcal Antigen Test and Cervical Prevertebral Abscess
Authors: Susan MacKinnon
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A false-positive latex agglutination test for cryptococcal antigen occurred in a patient with a cervical prevertebral abscess and vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Using a commercial latex agglutination test kit, a cryptococcal antigen titer of 1:32 was found in the CSF, but no cryptococcal antigen was found when the CSF was retested at a reference laboratory. The false-positive test resulted in unnecessary therapy with amphotericin B and delay in appropriate diagnostic studies and therapy.