tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of listening to Nellie the Elephant during CPR training on performance of chest compressions by lay people: randomised crossover trial
Authors: L Rawlins, M Woollard, J Williams, P Hallam
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To determine whether listening to music during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training increases the proportion of lay people delivering chest compressions of 100 per minute.Prospective randomised crossover trial.Large UK university.130 volunteers (81 men) recruited on an opportunistic basis. Exclusion criteria included age under 18, trained health professionals, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training within the past three months.Volunteers performed three sequences of one minute of continuous chest compressions on a skill meter resuscitation manikin accompanied by no music, repeated choruses of Nellie the Elephant (Nellie), and That's the Way (I like it) (TTW) according to a pre-randomised order.Rate of chest compressions delivered (primary outcome), depth of compressions, proportion of incorrect compressions, and type of error.Median (interquartile range) compression rates were 110 (93-119) with no music, 105 (98-107) with Nellie, and 109 (103-110) with TTW. There were significant differences within groups between Nellie v no music and Nellie v TTW (P<0.001) but not no music v TTW (P=0.055). A compression rate of between 95 and 105 was achieved with no music, Nellie, and TTW for 15/130 (12%), 42/130 (32%), and 12/130 (9%) attempts, respectively. Differences in proportions were significant for Nellie v no music and Nellie v TTW (P<0.001) but not for no music v TTW (P=0.55). Relative risk for a compression rate between 95 and 105 was 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.66 to 4.80) for Nellie v no music, 0.8 (0.40 to 1.62) for TTW v no music, and 3.5 (1.97 to 6.33) for Nellie v TTW. The number needed to treat for listening to Nellie v no music was 5 (4 to 10)-that is, the number of cardiac arrests required during which lay responders listen to Nellie to facilitate one patient receiving compressions at the correct rate (v no music) would be between four and 10. A greater proportion of compressions were too shallow when participants listened to Nellie v no music (56% v 47%, P=0.022).Listening to Nellie the Elephant significantly increased the proportion of lay people delivering compression rates at close to 100 per minute. Unfortunately it also increased the proportion of compressions delivered at an inadequate depth. As current resuscitation guidelines give equal emphasis to correct rate and depth, listening to Nellie the Elephant as a learning aid during CPR training should be discontinued. Further research is required to identify music that, when played during CPR training, increases the proportion of lay responders providing chest compressions at both the correct rate and depth.
A role for IL-27p28 as an antagonist of gp130-mediated signaling
Authors: Jason S Stumhofer, Elia D Tait, William J Quinn III, Nancy Hosken, Björn Spudy, Radhika Goenka, Ceri A Fielding, Aisling C O'Hara, Yi Chen, Michael L Jones, Christiaan J M Saris, Stefan Rose-John, Daniel J Cua, Simon A Jones, M Merle Elloso, Joachim Grötzinger, Michael P Cancro, Steven D Levin, Christopher A Hunter
Journal: Nature Immunology (2010)
Hyaluronidase Levels in Urine From Wilms' Tumor Patients
Authors: Michael Stern, Michael T. Longaker, N. Scott Adzick, Michael R. Harrison, Robert Stern
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Hyaluronidase Levels in Urine From Wilms' Tumor Patients Get access Michael Stern, Michael Stern Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael T. Longaker, Michael T. Longaker Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. Scott Adzick, N. Scott Adzick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael R. Harrison, Michael R. Harrison Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Stern Robert Stern Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 21, 6 November 1991, Pages 1569–1574, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.21.1569 Published: 06 November 1991 Article history Received: 19 February 1991 Revision received: 17 July 1991 Accepted: 24 July 1991 Published: 06 November 1991
Occurrence of obstruction of respiratory tracts among acute respiratory diseases in children hospital
Authors: Evelina Lokshina, Olga Zaytseva, Lola Ravshanova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the most common diseases among children and adults in Russia. Persistent wheezing and laryngotracheitis occupy the leading part among ARIs in children of early age.  The aim of our work was to evaluate occurrence of obstruction of respiratory tract among acute respiratory diseases in children9s hospital.  Methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of histories of children admitted at Department of respiratory infections of Saint Vladimir Childrens City Hospital in 2006-2007 and 2010-2011 years.  Results. Our cohort included children with ARIs aged from 1 months to 15 years old (in 2006 - 2220, 2007 - 2455, 2010 – 3200, 2011 - 2960 children). Children with obstruction were mainly early age (from 1 months to 3 years old). We revealed high frequency of obstruction upper and lower respiratory tracts, most of these children had recurrent episodes in history.  We have found reduction frequency of wheezing in different years of observation from 23.1% to 21.5% (2006 – 23.1%, 2007 – 38.3%, 2010 – 39%, 2011 – 21.5% of children with AIRs). Also we registered high occurrence children with obstructive laryngotracheitis (in 2006 – 42.5%, 2007 – 65.7%, 2010 – 50.4%, 2011 – 47% of children with AIRs). All children with obstruction received standard treatment.  Conclusion: Reduction of frequency of wheezing and obstructive laryngotracheitis in children admitted at children9s hospital is connected with introduction of modern principles of therapy obstruction of respiratory tract at a pre-hospital stage.
Contribution of Caveolin Protein Abundance to Augmented Nitric Oxide Signaling in Conscious Dogs With Pacing-Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Joshua M. Hare, Robert A. Lofthouse, George J. Juang, Laurence Colman, Kelly M. Ricker, Benjamin Kim, Hideaki Senzaki, Suyi Cao, Richard S. Tunin, David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Myocardial NO signaling appears elevated in heart failure (HF). Whether this results from increased NO production, induction of the high-output NO synthase (NOS)2 isoform, or changes in NOS regulatory pathways (such as caveolae) remains controversial. We tested the hypothesis that increased abundance of caveolin-3 and/or sarcolemmal caveolae contribute to increased NO signaling in pacing-induced HF. Abundance of caveolin-3 (0.59±0.08 versus 0.29±0.08 arbitrary units, P =0.01) but not caveolin-1 was increased in HF compared with control conditions, assessed by Western blot. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy revealed increased caveolae (2.7±0.4 versus 1.3±0.3 per micrometer myocyte membrane, P &lt;0.005). The association between caveolin-3 and NOS3 at the sarcolemma and T tubules was unchanged in HF compared with control myocytes. The impact of NOS inhibition with l - N G -methylarginine hydrochloride (L-NMMA) on β-adrenergic inotropy was assessed in conscious dogs before and after HF. In control dogs, dobutamine (5 μg · kg −1 · min −1 ) increased +dP/dt by 36±7%, and this was augmented to 66±24% by 20 mg/kg L-NMMA ( P =0.04 versus without L-NMMA, n=8) but not affected by 10 mg/kg L-NMMA (34±10%, P =NS; n=8). In HF, dobutamine +dP/dt response was depressed ( P &lt;0.001 versus control), and increased concentrations were required to match control inotropic responses (10 to 15 μg · kg −1 · min −1 , 48±7%). L-NMMA enhanced +dP/dt responses similarly at 10 mg/kg (61±17%, P =0.02; n=4) and 20 mg/kg (54±7%, P =0.04; n=7). Caveolin-3 abundance positively correlated with L-NMMA augmentation of dobutamine inotropic responses in HF ( r =0.9, P =0.03; n=4). Thus, in canine pacing-induced HF, expression of caveolin-3 and of sarcolemmal caveolae is increased. This increase is associated with augmented agonist-stimulated NO signaling, likely via a compartmentation effect.
Global lung health: the colliding epidemics of tuberculosis, tobacco smoking, HIV and COPD
Authors: R. N. van Zyl Smit, M. Pai, W. W. Yew, C. C. Leung, A. Zumla, E. D. Bateman, K. Dheda
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Tuberculosis (TB), smoking, HIV and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are burgeoning epidemics in developing countries. The link between TB and HIV is well established. Less well recognised is the strong relationship between tobacco smoking and the development and natural history of TB. These associations are of considerable relevance to public health and disease outcomes in individuals with TB. Moreover, tobacco smoking, a modifiable risk factor, is associated with poorer outcomes in HIV-associated opportunistic infections, of which TB is the commonest in developing countries. It is now also becoming clear that TB, like tobacco smoke, besides its known consequences of bronchiectasis and other pulmonary morbidity, is also a significant risk factor for the development of COPD. Thus, there is a deleterious and synergistic interaction between TB, HIV, tobacco smoking and COPD in a large proportion of the world’s population. Further work, specifically mechanistic and epidemiological studies, is required to clarify the role of tobacco smoke on the progression of TB and HIV infection, and to assess the impact of smoking cessation interventions. These interactions deserve urgent attention and have major implications for coordinated public health planning and policy recommendations in the developing world.
Specific bone cells produce DLL4 to generate thymus-seeding progenitors from bone marrow
Authors: Vionnie W.C. Yu, Borja Saez, Colleen Cook, Sutada Lotinun, Ana Pardo-Saganta, Ying-Hua Wang, Stefania Lymperi, Francesca Ferraro, Marc H.G.P. Raaijmakers, Joy Y. Wu, Lan Zhou, Jayaraj Rajagopal, Henry M. Kronenberg, Roland Baron, David T. Scadden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

Production of the cells that ultimately populate the thymus to generate α/β T cells has been controversial, and their molecular drivers remain undefined. Here, we report that specific deletion of bone-producing osteocalcin (Ocn)-expressing cells in vivo markedly reduces T-competent progenitors and thymus-homing receptor expression among bone marrow hematopoietic cells. Decreased intrathymic T cell precursors and decreased generation of mature T cells occurred despite normal thymic function. The Notch ligand DLL4 is abundantly expressed on bone marrow Ocn+ cells, and selective depletion of DLL4 from these cells recapitulated the thymopoietic abnormality. These data indicate that specific mesenchymal cells in bone marrow provide key molecular drivers enforcing thymus-seeding progenitor generation and thereby directly link skeletal biology to the production of T cell–based adaptive immunity.
Population Pharmacokinetc/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Merrill J. Egorin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

To the Editors: In their article in the November 1, 2007 issue of Clinical Cancer Research, Joerger and colleagues ([1][1]) describe a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling exercise of paclitaxel and carboplatin administered to women with ovarian cancer. This multicenter,
Ankle-to-Brachial Ratio Index Underestimates the Prevalence of Peripheral Occlusive Disease in Diabetic Patients at High Risk for Arterial Disease
Authors: Louis Potier, Marine Halbron, Florence Bouilloud, Michel Dadon, Josette Le Doeuff, Georges Ha Van, André Grimaldi, Agnèes Hartemann-Heurtier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Ankle-to-brachial ratio index (ABI) is a simple method recommended for screening and evaluating peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) severity in diabetic patients. However, it has been suggested that subclinical media artery calcification could falsely normalize ABI (1), and prevalence of effective arterial occlusive disease when arteries are not compressible is not clear (2). Therefore, defining clinically relevant peripheral arterial occlusion on an ABI threshold of <0.9 could lead to misclassifying many diabetic patients, especially in a population at high risk for PAOD and arterial calcification (age, kidney disease, and hypertension). We evaluated the accuracy of ABI in screening and evaluating PAOD in such a population. …
Identifying local and descending inputs for primary sensory neurons
Authors: Yi Zhang, Shengli Zhao, Erica Rodriguez, Jun Takatoh, Bao-Xia Han, Xiang Zhou, Fan Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Primary pain and touch sensory neurons not only detect internal and external sensory stimuli, but also receive inputs from other neurons. However, the neuronal derived inputs for primary neurons have not been systematically identified. Using a monosynaptic rabies viruses-based transneuronal tracing method combined with sensory-specific Cre-drivers, we found that sensory neurons receive intraganglion, intraspinal, and supraspinal inputs, the latter of which are mainly derived from the rostroventral medulla (RVM). The viral-traced central neurons were largely inhibitory but also consisted of some glutamatergic neurons in the spinal cord and serotonergic neurons in the RVM. The majority of RVM-derived descending inputs were dual GABAergic and enkephalinergic (opioidergic). These inputs projected through the dorsolateral funiculus and primarily innervated layers I, II, and V of the dorsal horn, where pain-sensory afferents terminate. Silencing or activation of the dual GABA/enkephalinergic RVM neurons in adult animals substantially increased or decreased behavioral sensitivity, respectively, to heat and mechanical stimuli. These results are consistent with the fact that both GABA and enkephalin can exert presynaptic inhibition of the sensory afferents. Taken together, this work provides a systematic view of and a set of tools for examining peri- and extrasynaptic regulations of pain-afferent transmission.
Wireless Technology in Disease Management and Medicine
Authors: Gari D. Clifford, David Clifton
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2011)

Healthcare information, and to some extent patient management, is progressing toward a wireless digital future. This change is driven partly by a desire to improve the current state of medicine using new technologies, partly by supply-and-demand economics, and partly by the utility of wireless devices. Wired technology can be cumbersome for patient monitoring and can restrict the behavior of the monitored patients, introducing bias or artifacts. However, wireless technologies, while mitigating some of these issues, have introduced new problems such as data dropout and "information overload" for the clinical team. This review provides an overview of current wireless technology used for patient monitoring and disease management. We identify some of the major related issues and describe some existing and possible solutions. In particular, we discuss the rapidly evolving fields of telemedicine and mHealth in the context of increasingly resource-constrained healthcare systems.
Task shifting of antiretroviral treatment from doctors to primary-care nurses in South Africa (STRETCH): a pragmatic, parallel, cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Lara Fairall, Max O Bachmann, Carl Lombard, Venessa Timmerman, Kerry Uebel, Merrick Zwarenstein, Andrew Boulle, Daniella Georgeu, Christopher J Colvin, Simon Lewin, Gill Faris, Ruth Cornick, Beverly Draper, Mvula Tshabalala, Eduan Kotze, Cloete van Vuuren, Dewald Steyn, Ronald Chapman, Eric Bateman
Journal: The Lancet (2012)
P-FIT and the neuroscience of intelligence: How well does P fit?
Authors: Vivek Prabhakaran, Bart Rypma
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract A well-recognized framework for modeling human intelligence centers around Spearman's g , a common central factor accounting for individual differences in cognitive performance across a variety of complex tasks (Spearman 1904). The neural basis of g may be better characterized by posterior -frontal integration, rather than parietal, which may be just one of many posterior regions that are controlled by the prefrontal cortex (PFC).
Acute inspiratory load effects on chest wall volumes distribuition and inspiratory muscles activation
Authors: Alana da Gama, Larissa Carvalho, Larissa Feitosa, Jasiel Nascimento, Rafaela Sa, Ana Gabriela Cavalcanti, Guilherme Fregonezi, Andrea Aliverti, Marco Aurelio Rodrigues, Armele Dornelas de Andrade
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Inspiratory loads can induce changes on the ventilatory pattern. In order to analyze the acute effect of the imposition of inspiratory load (IL) on the ventilatory pattern and inspiratory muscle action, 39 healthy subjects (19M, 20F) were analyzed. Characteristics of male and female subjects respectively were: age,25.50±0.86 and 22.70±0.45 years, FEV1/FVC, 95.05±2,27 and 105.06±1.97%pred; maximal inspiratory pressure, 123.6±43.7 and 98.2±37.4 cmH 2 O. During IL, total and compartmental volumes were measured by Opto-Electronic Pletysmography (OEP) simultaneously with the activity of bilateral sternocleidomastoid (STMD) and Diaphragm (DI) measured by Surface Electromyography (SEMG). For diaphragm SEMG, electrodes were positioned on the 7th e 8th intercostal spaces on anterior axillary line. For STMD SEMG, electrodes were positioned 5 cm below the mastoid process. IL was performed using Threshold®, with 2 minutes of breathing at different levels (initial load=10 cmH 2 O, then increments of 5 cmH 2 O, up to 40 cmH 2 O or exhaustion). Inspiratory time increased during IL compared to Quite Breathing (QB) (p=0.004). Tidal volumes of the total chest wall (Vcw) and pulmonary rib cage (VRcp) increased for loads ≥20 cmH 2 O (p= 0.000). Tidal volume of the abdomen increased only for loads ≥at 30 cmH 2 O (p= 0.03) in males and ≥20cmH 2 O in females. Median frequency of STMD started to decrease for loads ≥30 cmH 2 O (p=0.02), while that of the DI decreased only for loads ≥40 cmH 2 O (p=0.049). In conclusion, the acute effects of IL in healthy subjects occur before and are more intense on inspiratory rib cage muscles than the diaphragm This behavior should be considered when IL treatments are given to patients.
Dominant Negative Suppression of Rad Leads to QT Prolongation and Causes Ventricular Arrhythmias via Modulation of L-type Ca <sup>2+</sup> Channels in the Heart
Authors: Hirotaka Yada, Mitsushige Murata, Kouji Shimoda, Shinsuke Yuasa, Haruko Kawaguchi, Masaki Ieda, Takeshi Adachi, Mitsuru Murata, Satoshi Ogawa, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Disorders of L-type Ca2+ channels can cause severe cardiac arrhythmias. A subclass of small GTP-binding proteins, the RGK family, regulates L-type Ca2+ current (I(Ca,L)) in heterologous expression systems. Among these proteins, Rad (Ras associated with diabetes) is highly expressed in the heart, although its role in the heart remains unknown. Here we show that overexpression of dominant negative mutant Rad (S105N) led to an increase in I(Ca,L) and action potential prolongation via upregulation of L-type Ca2+ channel expression in the plasma membrane of guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocytes. To verify the in vivo physiological role of Rad in the heart, a mouse model of cardiac-specific Rad suppression was created by overexpressing S105N Rad, using the alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Microelectrode studies revealed that action potential duration was significantly prolonged with visible identification of a small plateau phase in S105N Rad transgenic mice, when compared with wild-type littermate mice. Telemetric electrocardiograms on unrestrained mice revealed that S105N Rad transgenic mice had significant QT prolongation and diverse arrhythmias such as sinus node dysfunction, atrioventricular block, and ventricular extrasystoles, whereas no arrhythmias were observed in wild-type mice. Furthermore, administration of epinephrine induced frequent ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia in S105N Rad transgenic mice. This study provides novel evidence that the suppression of Rad activity in the heart can induce ventricular tachycardia, suggesting that the Rad-associated signaling pathway may play a role in arrhythmogenesis in diverse cardiac diseases.
Impact of Different Bariatric Surgical Procedures on Insulin Action and β-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ele Ferrannini, Geltrude Mingrone
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

The prevalence of obesity appears to have reached a plateau in the U.S. between 2003 and 2007 (1), but the obesity epidemic is still rampant in many other countries—especially in the developing world (2)—in adults as well as children (http://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/). A recent analysis of a large prospective cohort of individuals 50–71 years old (3) has generated a precise dose-response gradient for the positive association of BMI and relative risk of death independent of other risk factors (especially smoking and preexisting disease, which cause weight loss). Yet, long-term observational studies have generally found that weight loss, whether spontaneous or intentional, is associated with increased, rather than decreased, overall mortality (rev. in 4).

Lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise), behavioral management, and drug therapy for obesity deliver a degree of weight loss that is usually modest (and therefore unattractive to patients) and short-lived (6 months to 1 year at best) and carry considerable side effects. Moreover, despite the attenuation of risk factors such as diabetes and dyslipidemia, trial evidence for an effect of these weight-control approaches on reducing cardiovascular disease or mortality is still lacking (rev. in 5). On the other hand, and perhaps as a consequence, surgery for the treatment of severe obesity is gaining increasing favor. The annual U.S. frequency of hospital discharges that included bariatric surgery increased sevenfold (from 3.5 to 24.0 per 100,000) between 1996 and 2002 (6). According to a review of 85,048 morbidly obese patients (7), early (≤30 days) and late (30 days to 2 years) mortality rates for bariatric surgery trend downward (0.28 and 0.35%, respectively). Surgical treatment of massive obesity is being extended to adolescents, seemingly with similar success and risk rates as in adults (8–10). Recently, the 10.9-year follow-up of the Swedish Obese Subjects Study reported a 30% risk reduction for …