tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vertebral Compression Fracture After Spine Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy: A Multi-Institutional Analysis With a Focus on Radiation Dose and the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score
Authors: Arjun Sahgal, Eshetu G. Atenafu, Sam Chao, Ameen Al-Omair, Nicholas Boehling, Ehsan H. Balagamwala, Marcelo Cunha, Isabelle Thibault, Lilyana Angelov, Paul Brown, John Suh, Laurence D. Rhines, Michael G. Fehlings, Eric Chang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is increasingly recognized as an adverse event after spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We report a multi-institutional study aimed at clarifying the risk and predictive factors associated with VCF.A total of 252 patients with 410 spinal segments treated with SBRT were included. The primary outcome was the development of VCF (a new VCF or progression of a baseline VCF). In addition to various patient-, treatment-, and tumor-specific factors, the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Scoring (SINS) system was applied to determine predictive value.The median follow-up was 11.5 months (range, 0.03 to 113 months). The median and mean overall survival rates were 16 and 26 months, respectively. We observed 57 fractures (57 of 410, 14%), with 47% (27 of 57) new fractures and 53% (30 of 57) fracture progression. The median time to VCF was 2.46 months (range, 0.03 to 43.01 months), and 65% occurred within the first 4 months. The 1- and 2-year cumulative incidences of fracture were 12.35% and 13.49%, respectively. Multivariable analysis identified dose per fraction (greatest risk for ≥ 24 Gy v 20 to 23 Gy v ≤ 19 Gy), in addition to three of the six original SINS criteria: baseline VCF, lytic tumor, and spinal deformity, as significant predictors of VCF.Caution must be observed when treating with ≥ 20 Gy/fraction, in particular, for patients with lytic tumor, spinal misalignment, and a baseline VCF. Frequent short-term follow-up is required, as nearly two thirds of all VCF occurred within the first 4 months. We also conclude that SINS may have utility in predicting patients at high risk of SBRT-induced VCF.
Effects of endothelin receptor antagonists and nitric oxide on myogenic tone and α-adrenergic-dependent contractions of rabbit resistance arteries
Authors: T Nguyen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Regulation of vascular contractions by endothelium-derived endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) may vary depending on the stimulus. Objectives: To investigate if ET-1 receptor stimulation and NO contributed to a similar extent to the regulation of pressure- and α-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist-induced smooth muscle contraction. Methods: Rabbit mesenteric arteries (150–200 μm) were isolated, cannulated and pressurized. Changes in diameter were recorded as a function of the perfusion pressure (PP) or α-AR agonist addition at a PP of 60 mmHg. All experiments were performed in the presence of indomethacin (10 μmoll−1). Results: At a PP of 60 mmHg, myogenic tone (MT) developed to represent 17±1% of the minimal diameter. The magnitude of the MT was increased by 140% (P<0.05) by the inhibition of NO production with Nω-nitro-l-arginine (l-NOARG). Bosentan, an ETA/B receptor antagonist, and BQ 123, a selective ETA receptor antagonist, decreased (P<0.05) MT either alone or in combination with L-NOARG by ≈30%. Phenylephrine (Phe), an α1-AR agonist, induced contraction; the sensitivity to Phe (pD2, 6.2±0.2) was unaffected by bosentan or BQ 123 alone but increased (P<0.05) by l-NOARG (pD2, 7.3±0.5). Further addition of bosentan or BQ 123 restored the sensitivity to Phe to its control value. Oxymetazoline (OXY), an α2-AR agonist, induced contraction; the sensitivity to OXY (pD=2, 7.7±0.2) was unaffected by l-NOARG, bosentan or BQ 123. Conclusion: Our results indicate that pressure-induced tone is independently regulated by endothelium-derived NO and ET-1. In contrast, α1-AR stimulation-induced tone is sensitive to ET-1 in the absence of NO, whereas occupation of α2-AR mediates a contraction unregulated by the endothelium.
Polarization-Sensitive Multimodal Imaging for Detecting Breast Cancer
Authors: Rakesh Patel, Ashraf Khan, Robert Quinlan, Anna N. Yaroslavsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Intraoperative delineation of breast cancer is a significant problem in surgical oncology. A reliable method for demarcation of malignant breast tissue during surgery would reduce the re-excision rate due to positive margins. We present a novel method of identifying breast cancer margins using combined dye-enhanced wide-field fluorescence polarization imaging for en face cancer margins and polarization-sensitive (PS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) for cross-sectional evaluation. Tumor specimens were collected following breast surgery, stained with methylene blue, and imaged. Wide-field fluorescence polarization images were excited at 640 nm and registered between 660 and 750 nm. Standard and PS OCT images were acquired using a commercial 1,310-nm swept-source system. The imaging results were validated against histopathology. Statistically significant higher fluorescence polarization of cancer as compared with both normal and fibrocystic tumor tissue was measured in all the samples. Fluorescence polarization delineated lateral breast cancer margins with contrast superior to that provided by OCT. However, OCT complemented fluorescence polarization imaging by facilitating cross-sectional inspection of tissue. PS OCT yielded higher contrast between cancer and connective tissue, as compared with standard OCT. Combined PS OCT and fluorescence polarization imaging shows promise for intraoperative delineation of breast cancer.
Concomitant induction of the cell surface expression of Ia determinants and accessory cell function by a murine macrophage tumor cell line.
Authors: E B Walker, L L Lanier, N L Warner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

This study demonstrates that an uncharacterized soluble factor produced in concanavalin A-induced rat spleen cell suspensions has the capacity to induce the increased expression of cell surface H-2K and H-2D molecules and the expression of I-region gene products on murine monocyte-macrophage lineage tumors that are not Ia positive in the absence of the factor. In parallel with induction of serologically defined Ia specificities, Ia-induced WEHI-3 macrophage tumor cells are capable of providing accessory cell function in stimulating IL-2 production by T-T hybridomas that are activated in a major histocompatibility complex-restricted, antigen-dependent fashion. The uninduced Ia-negative WEHI-3 tumor cells do not trigger a comparable response in this assay system.
Does Bariatric Surgery Reduce Health Care Costs?
Authors: Justin B. Dimick
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Hepatic osteodystrophy in rats results mainly from portasystemic shunting
Authors: S W van der Merwe
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background and aims:</b> In chronic liver disease, bone disease frequently develops. The contributions of the different features of liver disease such as parenchymal inflammation, portal hypertension, and portasystemic shunting on bone metabolism have not been systematically studied. The aim of this study was to identify the features of liver disease contributing to bone disease using rat models. <b>Methods:</b> Parenchymal liver disease was induced by carbon tetrachloride administration, portal hypertension by partial portal vein ligation, and portasystemic shunting by end to side anastomosis of the portal vein to the inferior vena cava. Normal and sham operated surgical animals served as controls. Serum calcium, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH vit D), and osteocalcin levels, and urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion were analysed. Testosterone and oestradiol levels were determined in male and female rats, respectively. Interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were determined in serum. Bone density was measured in all groups and in addition, in the surgical groups, histomorphometry was performed on undecalcified specimens of the proximal tibia. The calcium content of the femurs, removed at termination and ashed, was determined. <b>Results:</b> Early parenchymal disease and portal hypertension did not affect bone metabolism or body mass. Portasystemic shunting increased bone resorption, decreased bone formation, bone density, and trabecular bone volume which were commensurate with a reduction in body mass. TNF-α levels were elevated and testosterone levels were low in male portasystemic shunted rats. <b>Conclusions:</b> Portasystemic shunting in the rat adversely affects bone metabolism as part of a generalised catabolic state where high TNF-α and low testosterone and 25-OH vit D levels may play a role.
A MEMORABLE PATIENT
Authors: C R Butlin
Journal: BMJ (1996)

My patient was complaining of paraesthesia in her fingers and she also had a patch on her arm; suspiciously scaley and erythematous. When you work in a leprosy endemic country you have to consider leprosy in the differential diagnosis of any skin or nerve lesion, even when the patient is an ex-patriate.

She gave a history of …
Altered ion transport in aortic smooth muscle during deoxycorticosterone acetate hypertension in the rat.
Authors: A W Jones, R G Hart
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Change in aortic water and electrolyte distribution and in ion turnover were studied during the development of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) hypertension in the rat. Treatment with DOCA plus saline during the prehypertensive phase was associated with increases in 42K turnover (0.0142 +/- 0.0005 vs. 0.0102 +/- 0.0003 min-1), cell water (0.89 +/- 0.03 vs 0.76 +/- 0.02 kg/kg dry weight), and the ratio of weight to length. These parameters were further increased during the development of hypertension. Significant increases were also observed in total K, Ca, and Mg contents and in Na and C1 contents corrected for the extracellular space. The turnover of 36Cl was increased (0.230 +/- 0.006 vs. 0.136 +/- 0.004 min-1) in DOCA hypertensive rats as was the content of slowly exchanging Cl. Removal of extracellular Ca greatly increased the steady-state turnover of 42K. For control rats, a Ca concentration of 0.1 mM reduced the rate of 42K turnover to less than 50% of the Ca-free value (0.063 +/- 0.004 min-1), whereas DOCA hypertensive rats exhibited only a 10% reduction. At the highest Ca concentration, 5 mM, the 42K turnover was greater in DOCA-treated rats with the hypertensives operating at 67% of maximum efflux or about twice the efflux in controls. It is concluded that significant alterations in ion transport by vascular smooth muscle occur before and during the development of hypertension induced by treatment with DOCA plus saline. Such changes may result from a reduced ability of Ca to stabilize the membrane. It is proposed that such alterations contribute to the changes in vascular reactivity and the hypertrophy associated with hypertension.
Dermatologic Etymology
Authors: Vidhi V. Shah, Stephanie Mlacker, Fleta N. Bray, Brian J. Simmons, Mohammad Alsaidan, Keyvan Nouri
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
A simple breathing circuit minimizing changes in alveolar ventilation during hyperpnoea
Authors: LZ Sommer, S Iscoe, A Robicsek, J Kruger, J Silverman, J Rucker, J Dickstein, GA Volgyesi, JA Fisher
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Many clinical and research situations require maintenance of isocapnia, which occurs when alveolar ventilation (V'A) is matched to CO2 production. A simple, passive circuit that minimizes changes in V'A during hyperpnoea was devised. It is comprised of a manifold, with two gas inlets, attached to the intake port of a nonrebreathing circuit or ventilator. The first inlet receives a flow of fresh gas (CO2=0%) equal to the subject's minute ventilation (V'E). During hyperpnoea, the balance of V'E is drawn (inlet 2) from a reservoir containing gas, the carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) approximates that of mixed venous blood and therefore contributes minimally to V'A. Nine normal subjects breathed through the circuit for 4 min at 15-31 times resting levels. End-tidal PCO2 (Pet,CO2) at rest, 0, 1.5 and 3.0 min were (mean+/-SE) 5.1+/-0.1 kPa (38.1+/-1.1 mmHg), 4.9+/-0.1 kPa (36.4+/-1.1 mmHg), 5.0+/-0.2 kPa (37.8+/-1.6 mmHg) and 5.0+/-0.2 kPa (37.6+/-1.4 mmHg) (p=0.53, analysis of variance (ANOVA)), respectively; without the circuit, Pet,CO2 would be expected to have decreased by at least 2.7 kPa (20 mmHg). Six anaesthetized, intubated dogs were first ventilated at control levels and then hyperventilated by stepwise increases in either respiratory frequency (fR) from 10 to 24 min(-1) or tidal volume (VT) from 400 to 1,200 mL. Increases in fR did not significantly affect arterial CO2 tension (Pa,CO2) (p=0.28, ANOVA). Only the highest VT decreased Pa,CO2 from control (-0.5 +/- 0.3 kPa (-3.4 +/- 2.3 mmHg), p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, this circuit effectively minimizes changes in alveolar ventilation and therefore arterial carbon dioxide tension during hyperpnoea.
Novel mutations in GJB2 encoding connexin-26 in Japanese patients with keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome
Authors: S. Yotsumoto, T. Hashiguchi, X. Chen, N. Ohtake, A. Tomitaka, H. Akamatsu, K. Matsunaga, S. Shiraishi, H. Miura, J. Adachi, T. Kanzaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background Germline missense mutations in the GJB2 gene that encodes connexin‐26 (Cx26) have recently been found to be the cause of the keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness (KID) syndrome. Objectives To define the GJB2 mutations in three Japanese patients with KID syndrome. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and used to amplify the GJB2 gene. Direct sequencing and endonuclease digestion were used for mutation analysis and DNA‐based diagnosis. Results We identified two heterozygous mis‐sense mutations (D50Y, D50N) in the GJB2 gene in three Japanese patients with KID syndrome. All mutations were located on the first extracellular domain of Cx26. Conclusions These data expand the GJB2 mutation database and show that a dominant mutation of Cx26 can cause KID syndrome in Japanese patients.
Comparison of rapidly cycled tandem high-dose chemotherapy plus peripheral-blood stem-cell support versus dose-dense conventional chemotherapy for adjuvant treatment of high-risk breast cancer: results of a multicentre phase III trial
Authors: Ulrike Anneliese Nitz, Svjetlana Mohrmann, Johannes Fischer, Walter Lindemann, Wolfgang E Berdel, Christian Jackisch, Christoph Werner, Carsten Ziske, Hartmut Kirchner, Bernd Metzner, Rainer Souchon, Ute Ruffert, Gerhart Schütt, Anke Pollmanns, Hans Joachim Schmoll, Constantin Middecke, Jörg Baltzer, Iris Schrader, Herrmann Wiebringhaus, Yon Ko, Siegfried Rösel, Thomas Schwenzer, Peter Wernet, Axel Hinke, Hans Georg Bender, Markus Frick
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
Is endosonography guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for sarcoidosis as good as we think?
Authors: S M Wildi
Journal: Thorax (2004)

Preliminary data show that endosonography guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) may be an accurate method for diagnosing sarcoidosis. However, these data were obtained in a small selected group of patients with a very high pretest probability of sarcoidosis. This retrospective study reports on the use of EUS-FNA in an unselected group of patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy of unknown origin.The EUS database of a single tertiary referral centre was reviewed for patients who underwent EUS-FNA for mediastinal lymphadenopathy of unknown origin. Clinical presentation and imaging studies of each case were carefully reviewed and the diagnosis "sarcoidosis" or "no sarcoidosis" attributed if possible. The diagnoses were compared with the result of EUS-FNA.One hundred and twenty four patients were investigated. In 35 cases EUS-FNA identified granulomas (group 1); in the other 89 cases (group 2) no granulomas were detected. The definite diagnoses in group 1 were sarcoidosis (n = 25), indefinite (n = 7), no sarcoidosis (n = 3). The definite diagnoses in group 2 were sarcoidosis (n = 3), indefinite (n = 9), no sarcoidosis (n = 77). Of the 77 cases with no sarcoidosis, 44 were diagnosed with other diseases. The other 33 showed non-specific changes in the FNA and sarcoidosis was excluded by negative non-EUS pathology (n = 17) and clinical presentation. The sensitivity and specificity for EUS-FNA were 89% (95% CI 82 to 94) and 96% (95% CI 91 to 98), respectively, after exclusion of the indefinite cases in both groups.EUS-FNA is an accurate method for diagnosing sarcoidosis in an unselected group of patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The reported sensitivity and specificity must be appreciated in the context of the difficult and often incomplete clinical diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
The Genome Sequence of<i>Saccharomyces eubayanus</i>and the Domestication of Lager-Brewing Yeasts
Authors: EmilyClare Baker, Bing Wang, Nicolas Bellora, David Peris, Amanda Beth Hulfachor, Justin A. Koshalek, Marie Adams, Diego Libkind, Chris Todd Hittinger
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

The dramatic phenotypic changes that occur in organisms during domestication leave indelible imprints on their genomes. Although many domesticated plants and animals have been systematically compared with their wild genetic stocks, the molecular and genomic processes underlying fungal domestication have received less attention. Here, we present a nearly complete genome assembly for the recently described yeast species Saccharomyces eubayanus and compare it to the genomes of multiple domesticated alloploid hybrids of S. eubayanus × S. cerevisiae (S. pastorianus syn. S. carlsbergensis), which are used to brew lager-style beers. We find that the S. eubayanus subgenomes of lager-brewing yeasts have experienced increased rates of evolution since hybridization, and that certain genes involved in metabolism may have been particularly affected. Interestingly, the S. eubayanus subgenome underwent an especially strong shift in selection regimes, consistent with more extensive domestication of the S. cerevisiae parent prior to hybridization. In contrast to recent proposals that lager-brewing yeasts were domesticated following a single hybridization event, the radically different neutral site divergences between the subgenomes of the two major lager yeast lineages strongly favor at least two independent origins for the S. cerevisiae × S. eubayanus hybrids that brew lager beers. Our findings demonstrate how this industrially important hybrid has been domesticated along similar evolutionary trajectories on multiple occasions.
Carbohydrate-based interactions on the route of a spermatozoon to fertilization
Authors: E Topfer-Petersen
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1999)

Male and female intercommunication along the route which the spermatozoon takes to fertilization utilizes the information potential of carbohydrates. A hierarchy of carbohydrate-based binding events exist ranging from spermatozoa-oviduct interaction to primary and secondary binding between spermatozoon and oocyte. Before in-vivo fertilization can occur, spermatozoa are stored in the caudal part of the isthmus, in tight contact with the epithelium cells lining the oviduct. The sperm reservoir seems to be created by surface-associated sperm lectins recognizing epithelial glycoconjugates. With the changing conditions in the oviduct at the time of ovulation, spermatozoa may shed those sperm lectins, creating new surfaces which allow spermatozoa to be released from the epithelium, complete capacitation and interact with the oocyte in the appropriate manner. The first contact between both gametes occurs at the spermatozoa-zona pellucida interface. The 'primary' binding initiates the acrosomal exocytosis of the spermatozoa, followed by the 'secondary' binding of the acrosome-reacted spermatozoon that in consequence leads to sperm penetration through the zona pellucida. Primary and secondary binding events are directed by the cooperative interactions of multiple carbohydrate-recognition systems that may act in a hierarchical and redundant manner. The current perspective will focus on the role of carbohydrate-binding sperm proteins in the sequence of binding events during fertilization in the pig.