tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Norwegian immunisation register – SYSVAK
Authors: L Trogstad, G Ung, M Hagerup-Jenssen, I Cappelen, I L Haugen, B Feiring
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

The Norwegian immunisation register, SYSVAK, is a national electronic immunisation register. It became nationwide in 1995. The major aim was to register all vaccinations in the Childhood Immunisation Programme to ensure that all children are offered adequate vaccination according to schedule in the programme, and to secure high vaccination coverage. Notification to SYSVAK is mandatory, based on personal identification numbers. This allows follow up of individual vaccination schedules and linkage of SYSVAK data to other national health registers for information on outcome diagnoses, such as the surveillance system for communicable diseases. Information from SYSVAK is used to determine vaccine coverage in a timely manner. Coverage can be broken down to regional/local levels and used for active surveillance of vaccination coverage and decisions about interventions. During the 2009 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic, an adaptation of SYSVAK enabled daily surveillance of vaccination coverage on national and regional levels. Currently, data from SYSVAK are used, among others, in studies on adverse events related to pandemic vaccination. Future challenges include maximising usage of collected data in surveillance and research, and continued improvement of data quality. Immunisation registers are rich sources for high quality surveillance of vaccination coverage, effectiveness, vaccine failure and adverse events, and gold mines for research.
A study of urban housing demolitions as sources of lead in ambient dust: demolition practices and exterior dust fall.
Authors: Mark R Farfel, Anna O Orlova, Peter S J Lees, Charles Rohde, Peter J Ashley, J Julian Chisolm
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Demolition of older housing for urban redevelopment purposes benefits communities by removing housing with lead paint and dust hazards and by creating spaces for lead paint-free housing and other community resources. This study was conducted to assess changes, if any, in ambient dust lead levels associated with demolition of blocks of older lead-containing row houses in Baltimore, Maryland (USA). In this article we present results based on dust-fall samples collected from fixed locations within 10 m of three demolition sites. In subsequent reports we will describe dust lead changes on streets, sidewalks, and residential floors within 100 m of the demolition sites. Geometric mean (GM) lead dust-fall rate increased by > 40-fold during demolition to 410 micro g Pb/m2/hr (2,700 micro g Pb/m2 per typical work day) and by > 6-fold during debris removal to 61 micro g Pb/m2/hr (440 micro g Pb/m2 per typical work day). Lead concentrations in dust fall also increased during demolition (GM, 2,600 mg/kg) and debris removal (GM, 1,500 mg/kg) compared with baseline (GM, 950 mg/kg). In the absence of dust-fall standards, the results were compared with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA's) dust-lead surface loading standard for interior residential floors (40 micro g/ft2, equivalent to 431 micro g/m2); daily lead dust fall during demolition exceeded the U.S. EPA floor standard by 6-fold on average and as much as 81-fold on an individual sample basis. Dust fall is of public health concern because it settles on surfaces and becomes a pathway of ambient lead exposure and a potential pathway of residential exposure via tracking and blowing of exterior dust. The findings highlight the need to minimize demolition lead deposition and to educate urban planners, contractors, health agencies, and the public about lead and other community concerns so that society can maximize the benefits of future demolition activities nationwide.
Successful Percutaneous Renal Intervention in a Patient With Acute Traumatic Renal Artery Thrombosis
Authors: Seung-Woon Rha, Sunil P. Wani, Soon Yong Suh, Eung Ju Kim, Jin Won Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Circulation (2006)
The effect of aspirin on peripheral haemodynamic changes following submaximal exercise in normal volunteers
Authors: A J COWLEY, K STAINER, J M ROWLEY, S P HANLEY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Journal Article The effect of aspirin on peripheral haemodynamic changes following submaximal exercise in normal volunteers Get access A J COWLEY, A J COWLEY * From the Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Nottingham *Address for reprint requests: A J Cowley, MRCP, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Nottingham, NG7 2UH. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K STAINER, K STAINER From the Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J M ROWLEY, J M ROWLEY From the Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S P HANLEY S P HANLEY From the Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 18, Issue 8, August 1984, Pages 511–513, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/18.8.511 Published: 01 August 1984
Outcome of lamivudine resistant hepatitis B virus infection in the liver transplant recipient
Authors: D Mutimer
Journal: Gut (2000)

BACKGROUND In many transplant centres lamivudine is an important component of prophylaxis against, and treatment of, hepatitis B virus (HBV) graft infection. Drug resistant HBV species with specific polymerase mutations may emerge during lamivudine treatment. AIMS To examine the clinical consequences of graft infection by lamivudine resistant virus. METHODS The clinical course of four liver transplant patients who developed graft infection with lamivudine resistant virus was reviewed. The response of HBV infection to reduction of immunosuppression and to manipulation of antiviral therapy was assessed. For each patient, serum viral titre was measured and the viral polymerase gene was sequenced at multiple time points. RESULTS High serum titres were observed following emergence of the lamivudine resistant species. Wild type HBV re-emerged as the dominant serum species after lamivudine withdrawal. All patients developed liver failure, and onset of liver dysfunction was observed when resistant virus was the dominant serum species. In three patients, liver recovery was observed when immunosuppression was stopped and when alternative antivirals were given. Wild type virus appeared to respond to ganciclovir, and to reintroduction of lamivudine. For one patient, introduction of famciclovir was associated with clinical, virological, and histological response. CONCLUSIONS Failure of lamivudine prophylaxis may identify patients at special risk for the development of severe graft infection. Treatment of graft reinfection should include reduction of immunosuppression, and systematic exposure to alternative antivirals. Viral quantitation and genetic sequencing are essential components of therapeutic monitoring.
Multi-institutional use of defibrotide in 88 patients after stem cell transplantation with severe veno-occlusive disease and multisystem organ failure: response without significant toxicity in a high-risk population and factors predictive of outcome
Authors: Paul G Richardson, Carol Murakami, Zhezhen Jin, Diane L Warren, Parisa Momtaz, Deborah Hoppensteadt, Anthony D Elias, Joseph H Antin, Robert J Soiffer, Thomas R Spitzer, David Avigan, Scott I Bearman, Paul L Martin, Joanne Kurtzberg, James Vredenburgh, Allen R Chen, Sally Arai, Georgia Vogelsang, George B McDonald, Eva C Guinan
Journal: Blood (2002)
Assessing the Impact of Visual Acuity on Quality of Life in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Using the Short Form-36
Authors: Philip M. Clarke, Judit Simon, Carole A. Cull, Rury R. Holman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—We sought to ascertain quality-of-life measures and utility values associated with visual acuity in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Medical Outcome Study Short Form with 36 items (SF-36) was administered to 4,051 individuals with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled in the Lipids in Diabetes Study, and their best attainable vision was determined using an Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart, expressed as a LogMAR score. Eight domain scores and a utility value representing an overall quality-of-life score were calculated using predefined algorithms. The associations between quality of life measured and best-eye visual acuity were assessed graphically and by regression analysis. RESULTS—All eight SF-36 domain scores were negatively associated with reduced visual acuity. The impact of lower levels of visual acuity ranged from a decline of 1.3 units for a 0.1-LogMAR increase for physical functioning and 0.6 units in mental health. Regression analysis indicated a negative association (P &amp;lt; 0.001) between utility and reduced visual acuity after controlling for sex, BMI, smoking status, and history of diabetes complications. Patients whose LogMAR scores equated to legally blind had, on average, 0.054 (95% CI 0.034–0.074) lower utility compared with patients with normal visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS—Reduced visual acuity is negatively associated with quality of life. The utility scores estimated here should inform studies quantifying the burden of diabetes and those evaluating potential therapies for treating or preventing diabetic eye diseases.
CORONARY SINUS LEVEL OF GALECTIN-3 IS A BETTER PREDICTOR THAN PERIPHERAL VENOUS LEVEL OF MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIAC EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY
Authors: Quynh A. Truong, Wai-ee Thai, Jackie Szymonifka, Sandeep Basnet, Bryan Wai, Zachary Grunau, Jonathan Beaudoin, Chelsea L. Smith, Adefolakemi Babatunde, Olujimi Ajijola, Jagmeet Singh, James Januzzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Antibody and B7/BB1-mediated ligation of the CD28 receptor induces tyrosine phosphorylation in human T cells.
Authors: P Vandenberghe, G J Freeman, L M Nadler, M C Fletcher, M Kamoun, L A Turka, J A Ledbetter, C B Thompson, C H June
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

CD28 is an adhesion receptor expressed as a 44-kD dimer on the surface of a major subset of human T cells. The CD28 receptor regulates the production of multiple lymphokines, including interleukin 2 (IL-2), by activation of a signal transduction pathway that is poorly understood. Here we show that ligation of CD28 by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) or by a natural ligand, B7/BB1, induces protein tyrosine phosphorylation that is distinct from T cell receptor (TCR)-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. CD28-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation was greatly enhanced in cells that had been preactivated by ligation of the TCR, or by pretreatment with phorbol esters. Rapid and prolonged tyrosine phosphorylation of a single substrate, pp100, was induced in T cells after interaction with B7/BB1 presented on transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Anti-B7 mAb inhibited B7/BB1 receptor-induced tyrosine phosphorylation, indicating that B7-CD28 interaction was required. CD28-induced tyrosine phosphorylation was independent of the TCR because it occurred in a variant of the Jurkat T cell line that does not express the TCR. Herbimycin A, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, could prevent CD28-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and CD28-induced IL-2 production in normal T cells. The simultaneous crosslinking of CD28 and CD45, a tyrosine phosphatase, could prevent tyrosine phosphorylation of pp100. These results suggest that specific tyrosine phosphorylation, particularly of pp100, occurs directly as a result of CD28 ligand binding and is involved in transducing the signal delivered through CD28 by accessory cells that express the B7/BB1 receptor. Thus, this particular form of signal transduction may be relevant to lymphokine production and, potentially may provide a means to study the induction of self-tolerance, given the putative role of the costimulatory signal in the induction of T cell activation or anergy.
Proteopedia - a scientific 'wiki' bridging the rift between 3D structure and function of biomacromolecules
Authors: Eran Hodis, Jaime Prilusky, Eric Martz, Israel Silman, John Moult, Joel L Sussman
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Abstract Many scientists lack the background to fully utilize the wealth of solved three-dimensional biomacromolecule structures. Thus, a resource is needed to present structure/function information in a user-friendly manner to a broad scientific audience. Proteopedia http://www.proteopedia.org is an interactive, wiki web-resource whose pages have embedded three-dimensional structures surrounded by descriptive text containing hyperlinks that change the appearance (view, representations, colors, labels) of the adjacent three-dimensional structure to reflect the concept explained in the text.
The genome of the sparganosis tapeworm Spirometra erinaceieuropaeiisolated from the biopsy of a migrating brain lesion
Authors: Hayley M Bennett, Hoi Ping Mok, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Isheng J Tsai, Eleanor J Stanley, Nagui M Antoun, Avril Coghlan, Bhavana Harsha, Alessandra Traini, Diogo M Ribeiro, Sascha Steinbiss, Sebastian B Lucas, Kieren SJ Allinson, Stephen J Price, Thomas S Santarius, Andrew J Carmichael, Peter L Chiodini, Nancy Holroyd, Andrew F Dean, Matthew Berriman
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Abstract Background Sparganosis is an infection with a larval Diphyllobothriidea tapeworm. From a rare cerebral case presented at a clinic in the UK, DNA was recovered from a biopsy sample and used to determine the causative species as Spirometra erinaceieuropaei through sequencing of the cox1 gene. From the same DNA, we have produced a draft genome, the first of its kind for this species, and used it to perform a comparative genomics analysis and to investigate known and potential tapeworm drug targets in this tapeworm. Results The 1.26 Gb draft genome of S. erinaceieuropaei is currently the largest reported for any flatworm. Through investigation of β-tubulin genes, we predict that S. erinaceieuropaei larvae are insensitive to the tapeworm drug albendazole. We find that many putative tapeworm drug targets are also present in S. erinaceieuropaei , allowing possible cross application of new drugs. In comparison to other sequenced tapeworm species we observe expansion of protease classes, and of Kuntiz-type protease inhibitors. Expanded gene families in this tapeworm also include those that are involved in processes that add post-translational diversity to the protein landscape, intracellular transport, transcriptional regulation and detoxification. Conclusions The S. erinaceieuropaei genome begins to give us insight into an order of tapeworms previously uncharacterized at the genome-wide level. From a single clinical case we have begun to sketch a picture of the characteristics of these organisms. Finally, our work represents a significant technological achievement as we present a draft genome sequence of a rare tapeworm, and from a small amount of starting material.
Stability of Mismatch Negativity Deficits and Their Relationship to Functional Impairments in Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Gregory A. Light, David L. Braff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: Because previous studies have demonstrated that patients with chronic schizophrenia have deficits in mismatch negativity associated with poor everyday functioning, the authors investigated the longitudinal stability of mismatch negativity deficits and their longitudinal relationship to poor functional status. METHOD: Ten patients with chronic schizophrenia underwent testing twice over a 1–2-year period. Tests used included mismatch negativity, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms, and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. Patients' test results from both sessions were compared with results for 10 age-matched normal subjects. RESULTS: Patients with schizophrenia had mismatch negativity deficits with large effect sizes that were reliable over time. Mismatch negativity deficits were also significantly associated with poor functional status at both the first and second session. CONCLUSIONS: Mismatch negativity deficits and their relationship to poor functional status are stable over time in patients with chronic schizophrenia, suggesting that mismatch negativity may be useful for assessing medication response and other factors in longitudinal studies. Future studies will clarify the emergence, progression, and treatment effects of mismatch negativity deficits in patients with schizophrenia.
The Prevalence, Severity, and Impact of Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mark Davies, Sinead Brophy, Rhys Williams, Ann Taylor
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the prevalence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) in a population-based sample and to estimate its severity and impact. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A cross-sectional descriptive study consisting of two phases: phase 1, a postal survey to patients with type 2 diabetes (an initial screening questionnaire including one question about pain); phase 2, neurological history and examination using the Toronto Clinical Scoring System. Subjects with PDPN or mixed (PDPN and nonneuropathic) pain completed the Neuropathic Pain Scale and Neuroqol to assess severity and nature of the pain and impact on quality of life. Those without PDPN completed the Neuroqol only. RESULTS—In phase 1, there was a 92.7% response (n = 326), with 208 (63.8%) subjects reporting pain. In phase 2, 269 (82.5%) subjects attended and 51 (19.0%) were found to have PDPN: 99 (36.8%) nonneuropathic pain, 20 (7.4%) mixed pain, and 99 (36.8%) no pain (PDPN prevalence 26.4%). Of those with PDPN, 80% stated that their pain was moderate or severe. Those affected had poorer quality of life than those with no pain (difference in mean scores 3.6 [95% CI 2.5–4.6%]) compared with those with nonneuropathic pain (1.7 [0.4–2.9%]). Both pain and neuropathy score were independently associated with quality of life, and subjects with PDPN had significantly higher neuropathy scores. CONCLUSIONS—Our study showed a prevalence of PDPN of 26.4%. Having PDPN has a significant negative effect on quality of life, and increasing neuropathy is associated with an increasing risk of developing PDPN.
Why Prisoners Volunteer to Be Experimental Subjects
Authors: John C. McDonald
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Recently, while engaged in a clinical experiment, involving inmates of a nearby state prison, I became rather perplexed by the reaction of colleagues to the program. There was considerable interest in why inmates subjected themselves to such experimentation. The question most frequently raised concerned what rewards were given to such volunteers, and the prevailing attitude seemed to be that this was a group of men who were simply being exploited, albeit for a good cause. This attitude is understandable coming from one whose viewpoint stems from a rather comfortable position in society, but the view is entirely different when it comes from within the walls of prison.  In the flurry of current concern over the proper ethical guidelines of human experimentation, the rights of the subject to be protected have received attention as has the right of society for progress. I have not seen any discussion of the right of
Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor Antagonism Confers Renal Protection in a Rat Model of Progressive Renal Injury
Authors: Zemin Cao, Fabrice Bonnet, Riccardo Candido, Stefan P. Nesteroff, Wendy C. Burns, Hiroshi Kawachi, Fujio Shimizu, Robert M. Carey, Marc de Gasparo, Mark E. Cooper
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

ABSTRACT. The role of the angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptor in the pathogenesis of progressive renal injury has not been previously elucidated. The renal expression of the AT1 and AT2 receptors in subtotally nephrectomized rats (STNx) and the effects of AT2 receptor blockade on renal injury were explored. Reduced renal expression of the AT1 but not the AT2 receptor was observed in STNx by reverse transcription–PCR, by in vitro autoradiography, and by immunohistochemical staining. The STNx rats were randomly assigned to AT1 receptor antagonist valsartan, AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319, or the combination of both for 4 wk. Increased proteinuria in STNx rats was reduced by PD123319 but to a lesser degree when compared with valsartan. Reduced gene and protein expression of the slit diaphragm protein nephrin was prevented by either valsartan or PD123319. Expression of osteopontin, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and monocyte/macrophage infiltration was increased in STNx rats and was reduced by both AT1 and AT2 receptor antagonists. These effects of AT2 receptor antagonism were observed in the presence of increased BP in STNx rats. These findings suggest that blockade of the AT2 receptor alone confers a degree of renal protection; in particular, it seems that the combination of the AT1 and AT2 receptor antagonists may confer additive renal effects than either receptor antagonist as monotherapy.
Inhibition of endotoxin-induced activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis by pentoxifylline or by a monoclonal anti-tissue factor antibody in chimpanzees.
Authors: M Levi, H ten Cate, K A Bauer, T van der Poll, T S Edgington, H R Büller, S J van Deventer, C E Hack, J W ten Cate, R D Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the activation of the coagulation system associated with endotoxemia is important for the development of improved modalities for prevention and treatment. We analyzed the appearance in plasma of TNF, IL-6, and indices of coagulation and fibrinolytic system activation in normal chimpanzees after intravenous infusion of endotoxin. Endotoxin infusion elicited reproducible and dose-dependent elevations in serum TNF and IL-6, as well as marked increases in thrombin generation in vivo as measured by immunoassays for prothrombin activation fragment F1 + 2, thrombin-antithrombin III complexes, and fibrinopeptide A. Activation of the fibrinolytic mechanism was monitored with assays for plasminogen activator activity and plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complexes. To potentially intervene in the molecular pathways elicited by endotoxin, pentoxifylline, an agent that interrupts "immediate early" gene activation by monocytes, or a potent monoclonal antibody that neutralizes tissue factor-mediated initiation of coagulation, were infused shortly before endotoxin. Pentoxifylline markedly inhibited increases in the levels of TNF and IL-6, as well as the effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis. In contrast, the monoclonal antibody to tissue factor completely abrogated the augmentation in thrombin generation, but had no effect on cytokine levels or fibrinolysis. We conclude that the endotoxin-induced activation of coagulation appears to be mediated by the tissue factor-dependent pathway, the fibrinolytic response triggered by endotoxin is not dependent on the generation of thrombin, and that the release of cytokines may be important in mediating the activation of both the coagulation and the fibrinolytic mechanisms in vivo.