tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health, Medicine, Society
Authors: Michael M. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1977)

It has become increasingly difficult for most physicians to appreciate fully the current ferment of activity in health-related aspects of the social sciences. This selection of 32 papers from the 1973 Warsaw International Conference on the Sociology of Medicine will serve as a useful reference work as well as a convenient entry point into a complex interdisciplinary field.   volume is subdivided into five major sections:  in Society, which concentrates on recent socio-medical research in Eastern Europe; The Transformation of Medical Intervention, which presents some interesting conceptual formulations of important social and epidemiologic problems in health care; Sociological Insights Into the Health Services, dealing mainly with research questions, methods, and tentative results; a particularly well-done section, The Health System, which clearly conveys the various issues confronting sociological researchers who are grappling with analysis and comparison of different provision systems; and a final section, Teaching, concerned mainly with the teaching
AN EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR THE CONCENTRATION AND PURIFICATION OF INFLUENZA VIRUS
Authors: W. M. Stanley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

The concentration and purification of influenza virus by means of differential centrifugation in a vacuum type centrifuge, by adsorption on and elution from adult chicken red cells, by elution of the precipitate formed on freezing and thawing of allantoic fluid, by adsorption on and elution from embryonic chick red cells, and by combinations of the first method with each of the three succeeding methods, have been studied. Over-all yields of virus of about 50 to 70 per cent were obtained by these methods and combinations of methods except for somewhat lower yields when adsorption on and elution from adult chicken red cells was employed. However, the purified products obtained by methods involving only the use of red cells or the freezing and thawing technique were found to contain about 80 per cent of non-virus protein. The purified products obtained when differential centrifugation was used either alone or in combination with any one of the other methods were found to be indistinguishable and to consist of a fairly homogeneous component having a sedimentation constant of about 600 S. Such preparations possessed about 22,000 chicken red cell agglutinating units per mg. of protein nitrogen and solutions containing only about 10(-14) gm. of the materials gave 50 per cent infectivity end points in chick embryos. The Sharples centrifuge was found to be almost as efficient as the vacuum type centrifuge for the concentration and purification of influenza virus and, because of its larger capacity, is recommended for the preparation of purified virus on a large scale.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> test and treat versus proton pump inhibitor in initial management of dyspepsia in primary care: multicentre randomised controlled trial (MRC-CUBE trial)
Authors: Brendan C Delaney, Michelle Qume, Paul Moayyedi, Richard F A Logan, Alexander C Ford, Cathy Elliott, Cliodna McNulty, Sue Wilson, F D Richard Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the cost effectiveness of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> "test and treat" compared with empirical acid suppression in the initial management of patients with dyspepsia in primary care. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> 80 general practices in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 699 patients aged 18-65 who presented to their general practitioner with epigastric pain, heartburn, or both without "alarm symptoms" for malignancy. <b>Intervention</b><i>H pylori</i><sup>13</sup>C urea breath test plus one week of eradication treatment if positive or proton pump inhibitor alone; subsequent management at general practitioner's discretion. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Cost effectiveness in cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) (EQ-5D) and effect on dyspeptic symptoms at one year measured with short form Leeds dyspepsia questionnaire. <b>Results</b> 343 patients were randomised to testing for <i>H pylori,</i> and 100 were positive. The successful eradication rate was 78%. 356 patients received proton pump inhibitor for 28 days. At 12 months no significant differences existed between the two groups in QALYs, costs, or dyspeptic symptoms. Minor reductions in costly resource use over the year in the test and treat group "paid back" the initial cost of the intervention. <b>Conclusions</b> Test and treat and acid suppression are equally cost effective in the initial management of dyspepsia. Empirical acid suppression is an appropriate initial strategy. As costs are similar overall, general practitioners should discuss with patients at which point to consider <i>H pylori</i> testing. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN87644265.
THE EXERCISE CARDIAC FUNCTIONAL TEST IN ONE HUNDRED CASES OF HEART DISEASE
Authors: DUANE W. PROPST
Journal: JAMA (1924)

It would seem that a fair judgment of the functional capacity of the heart could be arrived at by observing the response of that organ to exercise, for the physical activity of a healthy person is limited by the ability of his heart to increase its output; that is, to furnish an adequate supply of blood to the working muscles. If, then, an organically diseased heart is able to maintain the equilibrium of the circulation under conditions of stress, its functional capacity is normal. On the other hand, if such a heart does not respond to exercise by an increase in its working force, an efficient circulation is not maintained; hence, its functional capacity may be looked on as impaired.  The working force of the heart can be readily measured by a determination of the blood pressure. This fact has been seized on and made the basis of the exercise
Irradiation and Viral Lymphomagenesis in Thymic Grafts 2
Authors: Esther F. Hays
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1973)

AKR (AK) neonatal thymus was subjected to 850 and 5000 rad 60Co irradiation in vivo before its removal for grafting to thymectomized syngeneic hosts. These irradiated grafts developed lymphoma after being placed in hosts inoculated as sucklings with cell-free filtrates of Gross Passage A, virus-accelerated AK lymphoma. The incidence was slightly lower and the latent period longer than found in non-irradiated control grafts in similar hosts. However, when thymus was exposed to these filtrates in vitro just before grafting or in vivo 24 hours before grafting, but placed in hosts not given neonatal virus inoculation, lymphoma incidence was reduced in the irradiated grafts when compared to that of virus-exposed non irradiated control grafts. Thus heavily irradiated thymic grafts could develop lymphoma in virus-infected hosts, but irradiation of grafts exposed to filtrate in vitro and in vivo inhibited the ability of the virus-containing filtrates to produce lymphoma, probably by reducing the numbers of cells available for virus replication.
Myocardial Stiffness Is Attributed to Alterations in Cross-Linked Collagen Rather Than Total Collagen or Phenotypes in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Gavin Robert Norton, Jacob Tsotetsi, Boris Trifunovic, Craig Hartford, Geoffrey Patrick Candy, Angela Jill Woodiwiss
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The relative contributions of increases in myocardial collagen, collagen cross-linking, and the ratio of type I to type III collagen to the stiff myocardium in hypertension were determined. Methods and Results We compared the action of hydralazine (0.07 mmol · kg −1 · d −1 ) with that of captopril (0.22 mmol · kg −1 · d −1 ) on the left ventricular end-diastolic (LVED) myocardial stiffness constant, k (g · cm −2 ) and LV myocardial interstitial characteristics in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) control rats. LVED k (SHR, 27.9±1; WKY, 19.5±1.2; P &lt;.01), myocardial hydroxyproline concentrations (HPRO; μg/mg dry wt) (SHR, 4.19±0.16; WKY, 3.17±0.09; P &lt;.001), and collagen type I/III ratios (SHR, 7.1±0.7; WKY, 2.1±0.2; P &lt;.001) were increased, whereas the percentage of myocardial collagen extracted after cyanogen bromide digestion (an index of cross-linked collagen) was decreased (SHR, 17±3; WKY, 41±4; P &lt;.001) in SHRs compared with WKY controls. Captopril therapy reduced LVED k , myocardial HPRO, collagen type I/III, and augmented collagen solubility (43±4) in SHRs to values similar to those measured in WKY controls. Hydralazine therapy, despite a favorable effect on LVED k in SHRs (20.±1.6, P &lt;.01 compared with untreated SHRs), failed to influence either myocardial HPRO (4.18±0.18) or collagen type I/III (8±1) but did improve collagen solubility (31±2). Conclusions An association between alterations in LVED k and collagen solubility but not between changes in LVED k and total collagen or phenotype ratios after antihypertensive therapy in SHRs suggests that myocardial stiffness in hypertension is the consequence of an enhanced myocardial collagen cross-linking rather than of an increase in total collagen or type I phenotype concentrations.
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Patrizia Luppi, William A. Rudert, Maria M. Zanone, Giorgio Stassi, Giuliana Trucco, David Finegold, Gerard J. Boyle, Pedro Del Nido, Francis X. McGowan, Massimo Trucco
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Many cases of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) result from an inflammatory myocarditis. The specific immunological mechanisms are not yet defined. Various autoimmune diseases are associated with superantigen-triggered immune responses, resulting in massive T-cell activation and tissue damage. We studied 3 cases in a search for evidence that such a phenomenon is also implicated in IDC. Methods and Results —Myocardial, lymph node, and thymic tissue samples were obtained from IDC patients who were undergoing heart transplantation. Infiltrating immune-cell phenotypes and gene expression of T-cell receptor (TCR) α- and β-chain variable (Vα and Vβ) regions were analyzed by immunostaining and polymerase chain reaction. Similar technical approaches were used to assay the tissues for the presence of coxsackievirus B (CVB). In all the specimens analyzed, an overexpression of the TCR Vβ3, Vβ7, and Vβ13.1 gene families was detected among the infiltrating T cells. These tissues were also found to be CVB3-positive. In vitro exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to lysates of cells infected with CVB3 was capable of stimulating expansion of the same TCR Vβ families. The TCR Vα repertoire was never found to be skewed. Conclusions —A superantigen-mediated immune response is involved in human heart disease. CVB3 may directly or indirectly trigger this response, suggesting a possible mechanistic link between CVB infection and myocarditis development progressing to IDC.
Dopamine and Serotonin Metabolism in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: A. J. Knell, A. R. Davidson, R. Williams, B. D. Kantamaneni, G. Curzon
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Patients with stupor or coma from fulminant hepatic failure were found to have high cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), metabolites of dopamine and serotonin respectively. Excessive amounts of their precursors-phenylalanine and tyrosine and free tryptophan-were found in the patients' plasma. Methionine, which participates in dopamine degradation, was also much increased. Similar disturbances were found in patients suffering an acute exacerbation of chronic encephalopathy. These abnormalities would be consistent with other evidence of an increased turnover of serotonin and possibly dopamine in the brain during hepatic encephalopathy.
Points from Letters: Screening--G.P. or Family Planning Doctor?
Authors: M. J. Aylett
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Lord Halsbury's Review Body they would immedia.telyclaim the public's respect and perhaps even set -in train similar feelings among members of other bodies responsible for negotiating pay awards: this is the only way to a voluntary incomes policy and thus to national economic saivation.-Iam, etc.;
Hydroxychloroquine and the Retina
Authors: Michael F. Marmor, Ronald B. Melles
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Src-kinase inhibitors sensitize human cells of myeloid origin to Toll-like-receptor–induced interleukin 12 synthesis
Authors: Matthias Wölfl, Stefanie Schwinn, Young-Eun Yoo, Marie L. Reß, Matthias Braun, Martin Chopra, Susanne C. Schreiber, Victor I. Ayala, Claes Ohlen, Matthias Eyrich, Andreas Beilhack, Paul G. Schlegel
Journal: Blood (2013)
Influenza Epidemic in Singapore Children
Authors: Y. O. Swee, H. Dourado
Journal: BMJ (1957)

An epidemic of influenza swept over Singapore during May, 1957, and spread to the Federation of Malaya.Though both children and adults were affected, only the children who were admitted into the paediatric unit of the General Hospital, Singapore, are discussed here.It must be emphasized that during the influenzal epidemic only the severe cases, especially those with fits, were admitted.The less severe cases were treated in the out-220 patient department.1957-The 250 cases of 2 1956 * influenza diagnosed clinically are dis- cussed.In nine cases virus studies were 160 d o n e (see Table Y LI).Often a his-L 140- tory was obtained of other members 2 "I / of the family being ,, o affected with milder 0. forms of the disa 1 ease.To ensure an u.i Go 80accurate clinical a; record the medical -' staff of the paedi-60 atric unit met fre- quently during and e0.after the epidemic.The increase in 2 v './ the number of ad- v missions and ' deaths dring the15 29 1 2 26 122 deaths during the JAN.FEB.MARC epidemic c a n b eShowing the increase in the number of seen f r o m t h e as compared with.the coi Chart and Table I.The rise in the number of deaths can be explained by the large number of admissions, as the mortality rate remained about the same.TABLE I.-Number of Weekly Admissions and Deaths (
Excessive impertinence or a missed diagnosis?
Authors: T. M Williams, G. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In 1885 Gilles de la Tourette described a striking syndrome of motor and verbal tics, with uncontrollable gesticulations and verbal outbursts, especially of a profane or scatological nature (coprolalia).1 As currently defined, Tourette's syndrome encompasses several neurological disorders, including echolalia and palilalia (invented words), obsessive-compulsive behaviour, and occasionally self mutilation.2 Subjects often have a fascination with rhymes, riddles, and word play.3 4 Interestingly, Tourette's syndrome has been linked with artistic creativity, and there has been speculation that Mozart and Dr Samuel Johnson may have been sufferers.4 5 We believe that Tourette's syndrome could also underlie the bizarre and hitherto unexplained behaviour of one of the best known yet most enigmatic characters of 20th century English literature.

The case of SN, a male red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris leucourus) of indeterminate age, was reported in detail by Potter.6 SN came from an extensive family with no apparent history of neurological or other disease. He is described as “excessively impertinent in his manners” and was a source of great embarrassment to his family and of nearly fatal irritation to the local owl, a noted carnivore. He contrasts sharply with his peers, who were placid, well behaved, and content …
Psychiatrists in US put religion in diagnostic manual
Authors: F B Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

American psychiatrists will for the first time include religious and spiritual problems in the next edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). The manual will include these problems under a broad section called “other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention.”

Under the category of a religious or spiritual problem the manual states: “This category can be used when the focus of clinical attention is a religious or …
Chemical and Biological Warfare
Authors: Jane M. Orient
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The threat of chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction has intensified because of improved delivery systems and advances in chemistry, genetics, and other sciences. Possible US responses to this threat include deterrence, defenses, and/or disarmament, including a reaffirmation of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention of 1972, which is now in jeopardy. This article discusses the history of chemical and biological warfare, existing and potential weapons, the proliferation of weapons and delivery systems, ways to prevent the use of these weapons, and ways to protect populations from their effects.Improved delivery systems and scientific advances have intensified the threat of mass destruction from biological and chemical weapons, and there is considerable 20th century precedent for their use. Orient, a physician, discusses the history of biological and chemical warfare, the nature of existing and potential weapons and delivery systems, arguments concerning deterrence, defense, and disarmament as means of preventing biological and chemical warfare, and ways to protect civilian and military populations against the effects of these weapons.
Topical minoxidil in the treatment of alopecia areata.
Authors: D A Fenton, J D Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A modified double blind crossover study was performed to assess the effect of 1% topical minoxidil as compared with placebo in 30 patients with alopecia areata and alopecia totalis. The active preparation produced a highly significant incidence of hair regrowth. A cosmetically acceptable response was noted in 16 patients. No side effects were seen. The study confirmed that topical minoxidil will induce new hair growth in alopecia areata but that it is less likely to do so in more severe and extensive disease. Furthermore, patients with alopecia universalis and totalis may not respond at all. Nevertheless, as compared with other drugs minoxidil applied topically is relatively non-toxic, is easy to use, and has no systemic or local side effects.
Psoriatic Dactylitis: Bone Scintigraphic Appearances
Authors: CHARLES WILLIAMS, DAVID KANE, GEORGE DUFFY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 33-year-old woman had isolated painful dactylitis of the left middle finger of 9 months' duration. Chronic indolent infection was suspected. Radiographs demonstrated diffuse soft tissue thickening only. The result of a subsequent bone scan was grossly abnormal. Rheumatologic assessment revealed psoriatic nail dystrophy in other digits, scaling of the scalp and elbow, and minimal restriction of cervical spine movement only. Psoriatic dactylitis was diagnosed, to which the patient improved after corticosteroid injections of the flexor tendon sheath and involved joints.
MRI in predicting curative resection of rectal cancer: New dilemma in multidisciplinary team management
Authors: R J Heald, Brian D P O'Neill, Brendan Moran, Gina Brown, Ara W Darzi, Andrew C Wotherspoon, David Cunningham, Diana M Tait
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Tumour shrinkage by preoperative chemoradiotherapy is now an everyday reality, and pathological complete responses are not uncommon.1 A “new dilemma” is posed by the apparent complete disappearance of cancer on magnetic resonance imaging, and often clinically, after chemoradiotherapy. A delay of six to 10 weeks is usual before operating—a time perceived as a “window of opportunity,” as regrowth in the irradiated area …
Prospective Surveillance for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Cross-Infection at a Cystic Fibrosis Center
Authors: Andrew M. Jones, Mary E. Dodd, John R. W. Govan, Catherine J. Doherty, Catherine M. Smith, Barbara J. Isalska, A. Kevin Webb
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

We have performed a 4-year prospective surveillance for Pseudomonas aeruginosa cross-infection at a large regional adult cystic fibrosis center. Despite purpose-built facilities in a new building and the practice of strict hygiene, P. aeruginosa cross-infection has continued. In contrast, individuals segregated from the cohort of patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infection but who attend the same center have not acquired infection with transmissible P. aeruginosa strains. Simple infection control measures alone do not prevent the spread of transmissible P. aeruginosa strains between individuals with cystic fibrosis. However, in our clinic patient segregation effectively controlled spread of such strains.
Hemostatic study before onset of disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Hideo Wada, Kouzou Minamikawa, Yoshihiro Wakita, Tutomu Nakase, Toshihiro Kaneko, Michiaki Ohiwa, Shigehisa Tamaki, Akira Deguchi, Yoshitaka Mori, Katsumi Deguchi, Shigeru Shirakawa, Koji Suzuki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Early diagnosis is necessary for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), but criteria for the stage preceding the diagnosis of DIC (pre‐DIC) have not yet been established. To clarify hemostatic abnormalities that occur before the onset of DIC, we performed hemostatic studies in 117 patients within at least a week before the onset of DIC (pre‐DIC), in 237 patients with DIC, and in 50 patients without DIC or pre‐DIC (non‐DIC). Levels of FDP, PT, and fibrinogen, and platelet counts were significantly abnormal after the onset of DIC, but not before. Thrombin‐antithrombin III complex (TAT), plasmin‐α2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC), and FDP‐D‐dimer levels were significantly higher before the onset of DIC compared to the non‐DIC patients. Hemostatic abnormalities were observed within a week before the onset of DIC. Monitoring the plasma levels of TAT, PIC, and FDP‐D‐dimer might be useful for the diagnosis of a pre‐DIC condition.