tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Different histamine actions in proximal and distal human coronary arteries in vitro
Authors: M. Keitoku, Y. Maruyama, T. Takishima
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

The aim was to investigate the receptor mechanisms for different histamine actions in proximal and distal human coronary arteries.Postmortem human coronary rings precontracted by 50 mM KCl were exposed to histamine (10(-8)-10(-4) M) in control and after treatment with 10(-5) M pyrilamine (an H1 receptor antagonist), or 10(-4) M cimetidine (an H2 receptor antagonist), and/or endothelial removal. Tension changes at the point of maximum relaxation (at 10(-5) M in most rings) were obtained.Endothelium dependent relaxations to histamine were clearly distinguished from endothelium independent relaxations by their transient nature and their inhibition by pyrilamine, but not by cimetidine. While most distal rings (group I, n = 42/58) and only some of the proximal rings (group II, n = 10/83) showed greater than 50% relaxation with histamine, nearly half the proximal rings (group III, n = 40/83) showed only contraction. Significant differences were found between group I and III, but not II, in control [-66(SD 15.2)% v +25(20.4)%, p less than 0.001] and after pyrilamine treatment [-66(9.2)% v -25(12.0)%, p less than 0.001], cimetidine treatment [-30(25.5)% v +42(20.9)%, p less than 0.001] and endothelial removal [-24(37.1)% v +36(20.2)%, p less than 0.01]. However, a combination of cimetidine and endothelial removal resulted in a contraction to histamine which was similar among the three groups.These results suggest that hypercontractility to histamine was found in proximal human coronary arteries, but not in distal ones, probably due to the reduction of both direct and endothelial mediated relaxations rather than to an increase in the contraction itself.
Hypothesis: Interference with Axonal Transport of Neurofilament as a Common Pathogenetic Mechanism in Certain Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Authors: D. Carleton Gajdusek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The cytoskeletons of all cells contain three ultrastructurally distinct elements made of fibrous macromolecules: microtubules 24 nm in diameter, intermediate filaments 10 nm in diameter, and microfilaments about 5 nm in diameter and composed of polymerized actin. The neuronal intermediate filaments, also termed neurofilaments, are antigenically distinct from the intermediate filaments found in other cells, even in the central nervous system, and are found in restricted stable parts of the perikaryon and in axons.1 2 3 4 5 Although they are accepted as a structural support system, they have long been thought to be involved in axonal transport as well.Neurofilaments are argyrophilic and . . .
ALLERGIC DERMATITIS FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO TEAR GAS (CHLORACETOPHENONE, CN)
Authors: Frank B. Queen
Journal: JAMA (1941)

While we were attending the fourth refresher course (April 1941) at the Medical Field Service School, Carlisle Barracks, Pa., one of us (T. S.) suffered a severe attack of acute dermatitis following a short exposure to tear gas (chloracetophenone, CN) in the course of a routine demonstration of war gases in the gas chamber in which all members of the class participated. Experienced medical officers assure us that such a reaction is very rare, if indeed not unheard of. While our present location and duties do not permit us ready access to the literature, and we therefore are unable to cite previous reports of this reaction, it is our belief that a generalized cutaneous allergic reaction to tear gas (CN) is exceedingly rare. T. S., aged 43, who had been inducted into the federal service approximately two months before and since April 1 had been a student in the Medical
Abstract 5535: Development of peptidomimetic inhibitors of the ERG transcription factor in prostate cancer.
Authors: Xiaoju Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Transcription factors play a key role in the development of a number of cancers, and therapeutically targeting them has remained a challenge. In prostate cancer, the ETS transcription factor ERG is recurrently rearranged and likely plays a critical role in prostate oncogenesis. Here we identified a consensus peptide from a phage library which interacts specifically with the DNA binding domain of ERG. The interactive interface was mapped to 9-residues in the 3rd α-helix of the ETS domain, which is critical for ERG activity as a transcription factor. The peptides were found to efficiently disrupt ERG-mediated protein-protein interactions, transcription, DNA damage, and cell invasion. Furthermore, a retroinverso peptidomimetic suppressed tumor growth, intravasation, and metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that transcription factors have specific residues that are important for protein-protein interactions, that may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. Citation Format: Xiaoju Wang. Development of peptidomimetic inhibitors of the ERG transcription factor in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5535. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5535 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Allocating resources to health authorities: development of method for small area analysis of use of inpatient services
Authors: R A Carr-Hill, T A Sheldon, P Smith, S Martin, S Peacock, G Hardman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Every year about 22 billion pounds is allocated to health authorities for hospital and community services in England. The distribution of most of these funds is based on a formula developed to reflect the population's needs, but the existing formula has been criticised on several grounds. This paper describes the development of a method to determine the health needs for small geographical areas. Data from the hospital episodes statistics and 1991 census together with information on vital statistics and supply of health care facilities were used in the model. Two stage least squares regression was used to identify true indicators of need, and these were entered into a multilevel model to take account of variations in practice in different health authorities. The resulting formula should be more statistically robust and more sensitive to needs than previous approaches.
The Prison Patient
Authors: Eran Bellin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 June 1998The Prison PatientEran Bellin, MDEran Bellin, MDMontefiore Rikers Island Health Service; East Elmhurst, NY 11370Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_Part_1-199806150-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Klein's powerful vignette, “The Prison Patient” [1], describes the all-too-human corruption of a medical resident's relationship with an incarcerated patient. The patient is suffering from impotence secondary to a β-blocker prescribed for post-myocardial infarction management. The physician has inappropriately peeked at the inmate's crime history and has discovered that his patient is imprisoned for child molestation. With this newfound knowledge, the physician's previous compassionate demeanor turns icy. He is transformed from caregiver to judge and jury, deciding that the patient deserves his impotence and should be cowed into accepting it with the threat of imminent death ...References1. Klein DS. The prison patient. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:648-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Eran Bellin, MDAffiliations: Montefiore Rikers Island Health Service; East Elmhurst, NY 11370 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCharacterizing Medical Providers for Jail Inmates in New York State 15 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1050KeywordsBioethicsCaregiversCrimeEmotionsErectile dysfunctionHealth careMedical staffPostmyocardial infarctionPsychiatry and mental health ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of an FTO polymorphism on fat mass, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the French MONICA Study
Authors: Vanessa Legry, Dominique Cottel, Jean Ferrières, Dominique Arveiler, Nicolas Andrieux, Annie Bingham, Aline Wagner, Jean-Bernard Ruidavets, Pierre Ducimetière, Philippe Amouyel, Aline Meirhaeghe
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
TCT-134 Residual Intrastent Thrombus After Primary Angioplasty Identifies Patients With Worsened Microcirculatory Indexes. Insight From The COCTAIL II
Authors: Laura Gatto, Enrico Romagnoli, fabrizio imola, Tomasz Pawlowski, Silvio Fedele, Giulia Paoletti, Valeria Marco, Luca Di Vito, alessandro manzoli, alessandro pappalardo, maria teresa mallus, Francesco Prati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The activity of lenalidomide with or without dexamethasone in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis
Authors: Angela Dispenzieri, Martha Q. Lacy, Steven R. Zeldenrust, Suzanne R. Hayman, Shaji K. Kumar, Susan M. Geyer, John A. Lust, Jacob B. Allred, Thomas E. Witzig, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Philip R. Greipp, Stephen J. Russell, Brian Kabat, Morie A. Gertz
Journal: Blood (2006)
Threshold Theory vs Linear Theory
Authors: Robert S. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Certainly inclusion of the article "Toward Less Hazardous Cigarettes: Current Advances" (240:1255, 1978) is appropriate for a publication such asThe Journal. I do not believe it necessary, therefore, to apologize for its inclusion. (Or was the editorial "Smoke Screens" an apology for its delay in inclusion?) Certainly the reminder of the tangled web that politics weaves with regard to this article is of interest. I doubt that this comes as a surprise to any of the readers and serves only to strengthen the wish that government and politics have as little to do in medicine as possible. Dr Barclay's comments (240:1271, 1978) with regard to the threshold theory vs linear theory of toxic action are interesting. I for one am not as certain that most scientists believe in the linear theory. Certainly our goals of environmental protection for various toxic substances are often thresholds for whatever
Degenerative Evolution and Functional Diversification of Type-III Secretion Systems in the Insect Endosymbiont Sodalis glossinidius
Authors: Colin Dale, Tait Jones, Mauricio Pontes
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Sodalis glossinidius, a maternally transmitted endosymbiont of tsetse flies, maintains two phylogenetically distinct type-III secretion systems encoded by chromosomal symbiosis regions designated SSR-1 and SSR-2. Although both symbiosis regions are closely related to extant pathogenicity islands with similar gene inventories, SSR-2 has undergone novel degenerative adaptations in the transition to mutualism. Notably, SSR-2 lacks homologs of genes found in SSR-1 that encode secreted effector proteins known to facilitate the host cell cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for bacterial entry and uptake into eukaryotic cells. Also, as a result of relaxed selection, SSR-2 has undergone inactivation of genes encoding components of the type-III secretion system needle substructure. In the current study, we used quantitative PCR to determine the expression profiles of ysaV (SSR-1) and invA (SSR-2) transcripts when S. glossinidius infects an insect cell line, and we used an invasion assay to characterize the phenotype of an S. glossinidius mutant that lacks the ability to produce an OrgA protein that is required for function of the SSR-2 secretome. Whereas SSR-1 is required for bacterial invasion of host cells and ysaV is expressed when bacteria contact host cells, SSR-2 is required for bacterial proliferation after entry, and invA is only expressed in the intracellular stage of infection. These results demonstrate that degenerative genetic adaptations in SSR-2 have promoted functional diversification of the Sodalis SSR-2 type-III secretion system.
Discrete functions of M 2a and M 2c macrophage subsets determine their relative efficacy in treating chronic kidney disease
Authors: Junyu Lu, Qi Cao, Dong Zheng, Yan Sun, Changqi Wang, Xiao Yu, Ya Wang, Vincent W.S. Lee, Guoping Zheng, Thian K. Tan, Xin Wang, Stephen I Alexander, David C.H. Harris, Yiping Wang
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

Two types of alternatively activated macrophages, M(2a) induced by IL-4/IL-13 and M(2c) by IL-10/TGF-β, exhibit anti-inflammatory functions in vitro and protect against renal injury in vivo. Since their relative therapeutic efficacy is unclear, we compared the effects of these two macrophage subsets in murine adriamycin nephrosis. Both subsets significantly reduced renal inflammation and renal injury; however, M(2c) macrophages more effectively reduced glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial expansion, and proteinuria than M(2a) macrophages. The M(2c) macrophages were also more effective than M(2a) in reduction of macrophage and CD4(+) T-cell infiltration in kidney. Moreover, nephrotic mice treated with M(2c) had a greater reduction in renal fibrosis than those treated with M(2a). M(2c) but not M(2a) macrophages induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) from CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells in vitro, and increased Treg numbers in local draining lymph nodes of nephrotic mice. To determine whether the greater protection with M(2c) was due to their capability to induce Tregs, the Tregs were depleted by PC61 antibody in nephrotic mice treated with M(2a) or M(2c). Treg depletion diminished the superior effects of M(2c) compared to M(2a) in protection against renal injury, inflammatory infiltrates, and renal fibrosis. Thus, M(2c) are more potent than M(2a) macrophages in protecting against renal injury due to their ability to induce Tregs.
Rx for Health Care Reform
Authors: Nancy Berkman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Medical Writings: Book Notes19 August 2008Rx for Health Care ReformNancy Berkman, PhDNancy Berkman, PhDFrom RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-4-200808190-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Terry K. 364 pages. Nashville: Vanderbilt Univ Pr; 2007. $24.95. ISBN 9780826515711. Order atwww.vanderbiltuniversitypress.com.Field of medicine: Health policy and health care reform.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Anyone interested in the recent history of the health care delivery system or in models for health care reform.Purpose: To analyze current problems in the financial organization of the U.S. health care system, and to describe a “prescription” for health care reform.Content: This book describes the forces that have been generating the unsustainably high cost of health care in the United States and presents options for restructuring finances and delivery of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 August 2008Volume 149, Issue 4Page: 288KeywordsData managementHealth careHealth care policyHealth information technologyHealth insuranceHospitalistsMedical servicesMotivationSoftware tools ePublished: 19 August 2008 Issue Published: 19 August 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 3878: Perturbations in the AR-cyclin D1 axis controls lethal tumor phenotypes in prostate cancer
Authors: Michael Augello, Craig Burd, Jason Karch, Karen Knudsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is critical to prostate cancer development. It has been well established that AR activation promotes lethal tumor phenotypes including proliferation, survival, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. However, mechanisms by which AR promotes these phenotypes are poorly understood. Previous reports assessing cellular proliferation revealed that the AR-cyclin D1a axis plays a significant role in controlling the response to androgen. While activated AR induces cyclin D1a through mTOR mediated mechanisms, accumulated cyclin D1a serves a negative feedback control function, through the ability of the cyclin to bind and suppress further AR signaling. Importantly, this process is frequently abrogated in human prostate cancer through an alternative splicing event that results in production of cyclin D1b. Cyclin D1b is deficient in its ability to regulate AR, and has been shown in other model systems to harbor significant oncogenic activity. Importantly, we have demonstrated that nearly 1/3 of a large cohort of primary prostate cancer tumors exclusively express cyclin D1b. Thus, it is imperative to determine the molecular and cellular consequence of the alternative splicing event in prostate cancer. Endogenous D-cyclins were eliminated using hormone ablation; subsequent viral-mediated reintroduction of cyclins D1a or D1b allowed for unbiased comparison of cyclin function in the presence and absence of androgen. Gene expression profiling confirmed that D1b is unable to manage AR activity. Concordantly, alteration of androgen-sensitive genes was observed, in particular those associated with migration and invasion. In vitro manipulation of the D1 splicing event confirmed these results. Subsequent modeling of cyclin D1b function revealed that cyclin D1b confers a specific anchorage independence and migration phenotype to AR-positive prostate cancer cells. Thus, these data provide the first evidence that perturbation in the AR-cyclin D1 axis controls lethal tumor phenotypes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3878.
Brain Perfusion Scintigraphy With Tc-99m Ethylcysteinate Dimer for Migraine Accompagnée
Authors: ERIK MERCKX, CHRISTIAAN SCHIEPERS, ALFONS VERBRUGGEN, JULES JANSSENS, MICHEL DE ROO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 15-year-old patient, with a documented history of migraine accompagnee 2 months earlier, was admitted with right hemiplegia and diminished consciousness. Laboratory test results were normal. An electroencephalogram showed paroxysmal deltadysrhythmia originating from the left temporal lobe. Computed tomography of the brain was also unremarkable. Brain SPECT with Tc-99m ECD showed a large zone of hypoperfusion in the left parieto-temporal and occlpitomedial cortex. A perfusion study 4 months later showed nearly complete normalization of the brain perfusion pattern. This investigation clearly visualized the vasospasm in the acute attack of migraine.
Influence of Death Certificate Errors on Cancer Mortality Trends
Authors: D. G. Hoel, E. Ron, R. Carter, K. Mabuchi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Evaluation of mortality data is an important tool in assessing both disease time trends and differences in populations. However, the reasons for changes in cancer mortality rates have been controversial. Questions have been raised concerning whether these increases are real or simply the result of changing diagnoses and death certificate reporting.Our purpose was to determine on the basis of autopsy data if death certificate reporting varies over age, time, and cancer type and to explore the effect of death certificate error on recent cancer mortality trends.Data were analyzed from 5886 autopsies collected by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation in Hiroshima, Japan, between 1961 and 1987. Death certificates were linked to autopsy data for analyses. An adjustment factor was calculated as a ratio of the accuracy of these death certificates in identifying cancer (detection rate) and listing cancer (confirmation rate) as the cause of death. This adjustment factor measures bias in mortality rates due to death certification errors and quantifies underestimation and overestimation of cancer mortality rates.Our analyses focused on lymphoma, breast cancer, neoplasms of the brain, multiple myeloma, and melanoma because of reported mortality increases. For these cancers, the adjustment factor decreased significantly (P = .02) over time, implying that death certificate accuracy has improved. This change appears to account for 60% of the observed increase in these cancers during the time period of study. For total cancer, persons 75 years or older have a high adjustment factor but it decreased over time. This decrease suggests an artifactual increase in total cancer mortality rates of about 1% per year for this older group.The quality of death certificate reporting has generally remained constant for most groups during the period 1961-1987. In the study population, there was a consistent underestimation of total cancer mortality of about 18%. For the five types of cancer studied, there has been less underestimation of cancer mortality since 1976. For some specific cancers and for persons 75 years or older, improvements in death certificate accuracy have occurred over time. These data imply that the total death certificate error rate varies considerably by cancer type, time period, and age at death.The changes in death certificate reporting for some sites and the elderly appear to have artifactually created increases in cancer mortality rates. These artifacts need to be considered when using mortality data for prevention research and health care planning.
Theoretical basis for improvement following reduction pneumoplasty in emphysema.
Authors: F G Hoppin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Reduction pneumoplasty may improve flow rates, comfort, and exercise tolerance in severe emphysema. The basis for improvement has not been systematically addressed. The major disability of emphysema stems from impairment of maximal expiratory flow-volume performance of the lung (MEFV). This requires the chest wall to operate at high volumes, which in turn severely compromises inspiratory muscle function. Clinical benefit, then, requires that MEFV performance improve so that the operating lung volume is reduced. This study presents theory and illustrative calculations. Removing nonventilating lung (e.g., bullae) simply displaces the MEFV curve down the volume axis. Removing ventilating parenchyma reduces both volume and maximal expiratory flow at iso-lung recoil pressure, and shortens the curve on the volume axis. The critical beneficial effect in both cases is reduction of the volume for a given limiting flow, VL (Vmax). Removing a given fraction of lung from the ventilating compartment is nearly as effective as removing it from the nonventilating compartment. Lowering of operating volumes benefits the strength, efficiency, endurance, and reserve of the inspiratory muscles and thus extends the metabolic scope of the emphysematous patient.