tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Late results of oesophageal and oesophagogastric resection in the treatment of oesophageal cancer
Authors: A. S. Ward, J. L. Collis
Journal: Thorax (1971)

Oesophageal resection with oesophagogastric anastomosis is said to be followed by severe oesophagitis. Little is known, however, of the late results of this technique in patients with oesophageal carcinoma and the present communication records our experience with 23 long-term survivors. Except for one patient with recurrent carcinoma, all were in good health and taking a normal diet. Loss of weight, which is a normal sequel to oesophagogastric resection, was prevented by inserting two extra meals a day. Anaemia was not a problem and there was no evidence of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> or folate deficiency. None of the patients had any symptoms of oesophagitis, though all exhibited free reflux on recumbency. After operation patients are advised to sleep propped up and to avoid stooping or lying flat. These measures are thought to be largely responsible for the absence of oesophagitis in our series. Five patients were achlorhydric and 10 hypochlorhydric in response to intravenous pentagastrin (6 μg/kg per hour). Mean basal output was 0·6 mEq/hour and mean maximal output 8·8 mEq/hour.
Promotion by Histamine of Carcinogenesis in the Forestomach and Protection by Histamine Against Carcinogenesis Induced by &lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-Nitroso-&lt;italic&gt;N&lt;/italic&gt;-methylnitroguanidine in the Glandular Stomach in W Rats&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: M Tatsuta, H Yamamura, M Ichii, H Taniguchi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1983)

The effect of histamine on induction of tumors in the forestomach and the glandular stomach after N-nitroso-N-methylnitroguanidine (MNNG) administration was studied in male inbred W rats. Animals were given 50 micrograms MNNG solution/ml orally for 25 weeks and then 4 mg histamine dihydrochloride sc per day in depot form. Administration of histamine in depot form after MNNG significantly increased the incidence of tumors in the forestomach, but it significantly decreased the incidence of adenocarcinomas in the glandular stomach. All of the tumors induced in the forestomach were of the squamous cell type, and 50% of them were squamous cell carcinomas. Histamine alone had no apparent carcinogenicity in rats.
Predicting Residential Exposure to Phthalate Plasticizer Emitted from Vinyl Flooring: Sensitivity, Uncertainty, and Implications for Biomonitoring
Authors: Ying Xu, Elaine A. Cohen Hubal, John C. Little
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Because of the ubiquitous nature of phthalates in the environment and the potential for adverse human health effects, an urgent need exists to identify the most important sources and pathways of exposure.Using emissions of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from vinyl flooring (VF) as an illustrative example, we describe a fundamental approach that can be used to identify the important sources and pathways of exposure associated with phthalates in indoor material.We used a three-compartment model to estimate the emission rate of DEHP from VF and the evolving exposures via inhalation, dermal absorption, and oral ingestion of dust in a realistic indoor setting.A sensitivity analysis indicates that the VF source characteristics (surface area and material-phase concentration of DEHP), as well as the external mass-transfer coefficient and ventilation rate, are important variables that influence the steady-state DEHP concentration and the resulting exposure. In addition, DEHP is sorbed by interior surfaces, and the associated surface area and surface/air partition coefficients strongly influence the time to steady state. The roughly 40-fold range in predicted exposure reveals the inherent difficulty in using biomonitoring to identify specific sources of exposure to phthalates in the general population.The relatively simple dependence on source and chemical-specific transport parameters suggests that the mechanistic modeling approach could be extended to predict exposures arising from other sources of phthalates as well as additional sources of other semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) such as biocides and flame retardants. This modeling approach could also provide a relatively inexpensive way to quantify exposure to many of the SVOCs used in indoor materials and consumer products.
Dose escalation study of carboplatin–pemetrexed followed by maintenance pemetrexed for elderly patients with advanced nonsquamous nonsmall-cell lung cancer
Authors: A. Tamiya, M. Tamiya, T. Shiroyama, M. Kanazu, A. Hirooka, T. Tsuji, N. Morishita, K. Asami, H. Suzuki, N. Okamoto, K. Okishio, T. Kawaguchi, T. Hirashima, S. Atagi, I. Kawase
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Thyroxine-induced redistribution of isoenzymes of rabbit ventricular myosin.
Authors: A F Martin, E D Pagani, R J Solaro
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

We examined ventricular myosin isoenzymes in hearts of normal and thyroxine (T,)treated rabbits by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using non-dissociating conditions as described by Hoh et al. (1977).The rabbits received daily injections of T 4 (150 /ig/kg) or saline and were killed at 1 to 17 days.A myosin-enriched fraction was prepared from each ventricle by extraction in 100 mM pyrophosphate.Myofibrils were also prepared from each heart for the measurement of myofibrillar actomyosin and myosin ATPase activity.In normal and thyrotoxic rabbit ventricles, there were three distinct isoenzymes (R-Vi, R-V 2 , and R-V 3 , in decreasing order of mobility) analogous to the myosin isoenzymes Vi, V 2 , and V3 present in rat ventricle.In hearts of normal rabbits, R-V 3 was the predominant species, whereas, in the thyrotoxic hearts, H-V, was the predominant species.The redistribution of isoenzymes was apparent within 2 days of T 4 administration and was complete within 5-7 days of T 4 injections.Associated with the maximum shift in myosin isoenzyme profiles there was an increase of approximately 90% in the myofibrillar myosin Ca 2+ -activated ATPase activity and an increase of approximately 30% in the Mg 2+ -ATPase activity of myofibrillar actomyosin.The Ca 2+ -activated myosin ATPase of the myofibrils was correlated with the percent R-Vi in the preparations.Co-electrophoresis of mixtures of rat and rabbit heart myosins showed four separate bands, resulting from a difference in mobility between R-V2 and V 2 , as well as R-Vi and Vi.Our data indicate that rabbit heart myofibrils have three isoenzymes, some of which may be structurally distinct from rat heart myosin isoenzymes, and that T 4 administration induces preferential synthesis of a preexisting isoenzyme, R-V,.
Damage in the anca-associated vasculitides: long-term data from the European Vasculitis Study group (EUVAS) therapeutic trials
Authors: Joanna Robson, Helen Doll, Ravi Suppiah, Oliver Flossmann, Lorraine Harper, Peter Höglund, David Jayne, Alfred Mahr, Kerstin Westman, Raashid Luqmani
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Objectives To describe short-term (up to 12 months) and long-term (up to 7 years) damage in patients with newly diagnosed antineutrophil-cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Methods Data were combined from six European Vasculitis Study group trials (n=735). Long-term follow-up (LTFU) data available for patients from four trials (n=535). Damage accrued was quantified by the Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI). Sixteen damage items were defined a priori as being potentially treatment-related. Results VDI data were available for 629 of 735 patients (85.6%) at baseline, at which time 217/629 (34.5%) had ≥1 item of damage and 32 (5.1%) ≥5 items, reflecting disease manifestations prior to diagnosis and trial enrolment. LTFU data were available for 467/535 (87.3%) at a mean of 7.3 years postdiagnosis. 302/535 patients (56.4%) had VDI data at LTFU, with 104/302 (34.4%) having ≥5 items and only 24 (7.9%) no items of damage. At 6 months and LTFU, the most frequent items were proteinuria, impaired glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, nasal crusting, hearing loss and peripheral neuropathy. The frequency of damage, including potentially treatment-related damage, rose over time (p&lt;0.01). At LTFU, the most commonly reported items of treatment-related damage were hypertension (41.5%; 95% CI 35.6 to 47.4%), osteoporosis (14.1%; 9.9 to 18.2%), malignancy (12.6%; 8.6 to 16.6%), and diabetes (10.4%; 6.7 to 14.0%). Conclusions In AAV, renal, otolaryngological and treatment-related (cardiovascular, disease, diabetes, osteoporosis and malignancy) damage increases over time, with around one-third of patients having ≥5 items of damage at a mean of 7 years postdiagnosis.
Delayed immunisation and risk of pertussis in infants: unmatched case-control study
Authors: C. C Grant
Journal: BMJ (2003)

community, it is advisable to wear a N-95 mask in when seeing any patient with respiratory symptoms.Contacts of proved cases should isolate themselves until the incubation period is over.After contact with patients with respiratory symptoms, careful hand hygiene is necessary, with washing with soap and water.On 27 March the Department of Health finally announced drastic measures, including vigorous contact tracing and examination, quarantine of contacts in their homes, and closure of all schools and universities.A major hospital has been designated for infected patients.On 1 April all residents from the building in the housing estate where the outbreak occurred were evacuated to a holiday camp.Most public gatherings have been postponed to later dates. ConclusionsSevere acute respiratory syndrome is highly infectious and potentially lethal.It caught the medical profession in Hong Kong unaware.The drastic measures introduced by the Hong Kong government, together with intensive education of the public on personal hygiene and the wearing of masks in public places, will, we hope, halt this epidemic.Other health authorities faced with this disease should consider early introduction of quarantine procedures.
Use of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol gene score to distinguish patients with polygenic and monogenic familial hypercholesterolaemia: a case-control study
Authors: Philippa J Talmud, Sonia Shah, Ros Whittall, Marta Futema, Philip Howard, Jackie A Cooper, Seamus C Harrison, KaWah Li, Fotios Drenos, Frederik Karpe, H Andrew W Neil, Olivier S Descamps, Claudia Langenberg, Nicholas Lench, Mika Kivimaki, John Whittaker, Aroon D Hingorani, Meena Kumari, Steve E Humphries
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Interdependent Serotonin Transporter and Receptor Pathways Regulate S100A4/Mts1, a Gene Associated With Pulmonary Vascular Disease
Authors: Allan Lawrie, Edda Spiekerkoetter, Eliana C. Martinez, Noona Ambartsumian, W. John Sheward, Margaret R. MacLean, Anthony J. Harmar, Ann-Marie Schmidt, Eugene Lukanidin, Marlene Rabinovitch
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Heightened expression of the S100 calcium-binding protein, S100A4/Mts1, is observed in pulmonary vascular disease. Loss of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) receptors or of the serotonin transporter (SERT) attenuates pulmonary hypertension in animals, and polymorphisms causing gain of SERT function are linked to clinical pulmonary vascular disease. Because 5-HT induces release of S100beta, we investigated the codependence of 5-HT receptors and SERT in regulating S100A4/Mts1 in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPA-SMC). 5-HT elevated S100A4/Mts1 mRNA levels and increased S100A4/Mts1 protein in hPA-SMC lysates and culture media. S100A4/Mts1 in the culture media stimulated proliferation and migration of hPA-SMC in a manner dependent on the receptor for advanced glycation end products. Treatment with SB224289 (selective antagonist of 5-HT1B), fluoxetine (SERT inhibitor), SERT RNA-interference, and iproniazid (monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor), blocked 5-HT-induced S100A4/Mts1. 5-HT signaling mediated phosphorylation (p) of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2), but pERK1/2 nuclear translocation depended on SERT, monoamine oxidase activity, and reactive oxygen species. Nuclear translocation of pERK1/2 was required for pGATA-4-mediated transcription of S100A4/Mts1. These data provide evidence for a mechanistic link between the 5-HT pathway and S100A4/Mts1 in pulmonary hypertension and explain how the 5-HT1B receptor and SERT are codependent in regulating S100A4/Mts1.
Case 4. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy associated with pulmonary metastasis of uterine leiomyosarcoma.
Authors: Raquel Andrés, Alberto Saenz, José I. Mayordomo, Pedro Zaballos, Dolores Isla, Pilar Escudero, Ignacio Alvarez, Eduardo Polo, Ricardo Lara, Alejandro Tres
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)
Relevant Ventricular Septal Defect Caused by Steam Pop During Ablation of Premature Ventricular Contraction
Authors: Robert Schönbauer, Philipp Sommer, Martin Misfeld, Borislav Dinov, Lukas Fiedler, Yan Huo, Thomas Gaspar, Ole-A. Breithardt, Gerhard Hindricks, Arash Arya
Journal: Circulation (2013)
Vessel caliber and branch-angle of human coronary artery branch-points.
Authors: G M Hutchins, M M Miner, J K Boitnott
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Measurements were made of parent and branch vessel diameters and of the included angles of branch-points from postmortem human coronary arteriograms to determine the usefulness of theoretical equations predicting the relationships between parent and branch vessel caliber and between arterial caliber and branch-angle. The formulas were based on the concept that blood vessel size and arrangement provided for blood flow with minimum energy loss. Size relationships between parent vessel and its branches were determined for 42 left main and 53 other epicardial coronary artery branch-points in hearts with angiographically normal arteries. Left main coronary artery branch-points were studied in 68 hearts with various degrees of angiographically defined coronary artery disease. Measured diameters (D) of parent and branch vessels corresponded well to the theoretical formula: (DParent)3 = (DBranch1)3 + (DBranch2)3....,in angiographically normal coronary arteries. The exponent, on the average, is less with increasing grades of vascular disease for left main coronary artery branch-points. Mean area ratio, the sum of the cross-sectional area of the branches divided by the area of parent vessel, decreased with greater arteriographic disease. Area ratio varies with changes in the relative calibers of branch vessels. Fifty-seven branch-angles were determined by graphic analysis of postmortem biplane coronary arteriograms. No relationship could be found between branch-angle and vessel caliber. The included angle between branches varied from 32 degrees to 124 degrees without respect to relative or absolute vessel calibers. The results of these postmortem measurements on human coronary arteriogram suggest that coronary artery caliber may adjust to minimize energy loss at the branch-point but that branch-angle is determined by other factors. Restudy of arteriograms suggests that branch-angle may be determined by branch vessel destination.
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of cell tropsim, trafficking mechanism, and therapeutic impact of human mesenchymal stem cells in a murine glioma model
Authors: Li-Ying Chien, Jong-Kai Hsiao, Szu-Chun Hsu, Ming Yao, Chen-Wen Lu, Hon-Man Liu, Yao-Chang Chen, Chung-Shi Yang, Dong-Ming Huang
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Functional Pharmacology in Human Brain
Authors: Maurizio Raiteri
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2006)

Most neurological and psychiatric disorders involve selective or preferential impairments of neurotransmitter systems. Therefore, studies of functional transmitter pathophysiology in human brain are of unique importance in view of the development of effective, mechanism-based, therapeutic modalities. It is well known that central nervous system functional proteins, including receptors, transporters, ion channels, and enzymes, can exhibit high heterogeneity in terms of structure, function, and pharmacological profile. If the existence of types and subtypes of functional proteins amplifies the possibility of developing selective drugs, such heterogeneity certainly increases the likelihood of interspecies differences. It is therefore essential, before choosing animal models to be used in preclinical pharmacology experimentation, to establish whether functionally corresponding proteins in men and animals also display identical pharmacological profiles. Because of evidence that scaffolding proteins, trafficking between plasma membrane and intracellular pools, phosphorylation and allosteric modulators can affect the function of receptors and transporters, experiments with human clones expressed in host cells where the environment of native receptors is rarely reproduced should be interpreted with caution. Thus, the use of neurosurgically removed fresh human brain tissue samples in which receptors, transporters, ion channels, and enzymes essentially retain their natural environment represents a unique experimental approach to enlarge our understanding of human brain processes and to help in the choice of appropriate animal models. Using this experimental approach, many human brain functional proteins, in particular transmitter receptors, have been characterized in terms of localization, function, and pharmacological properties.
Neuromodulation can significantly change the dynamical state of cortical networks
Authors: Hans Liljenström
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract We present simulation results of an olfactory cortex model complementing the results presented in Wright &amp; Liley's target article. We show how the cortical dynamics as expressed in EEG can be regulated by neuromodulation and discuss how the system can attain global stability without cortical-subcortical interaction, as presumed necessary by Wright &amp; Liley. Network structure is shown to be crucial.
Integrative Genomics Analyses Reveal Molecularly Distinct Subgroups of B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients with 13q14 Deletion
Authors: Laura Mosca, Sonia Fabris, Marta Lionetti, Katia Todoerti, Luca Agnelli, Fortunato Morabito, Giovanna Cutrona, Adrian Andronache, Serena Matis, Francesco Ferrari, Massimo Gentile, Mauro Spriano, Vincenzo Callea, Gianluca Festini, Stefano Molica, Giorgio Lambertenghi Deliliers, Silvio Bicciato, Manlio Ferrarini, Antonino Neri
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Chromosome 13q14 deletion occurs in a substantial number of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients and it is believed to play a pathogenetic role. The exact mechanisms involved in this lesion have not yet been fully elucidated because of its heterogeneity and the imprecise knowledge of the implicated genes. This study was addressed to further contribute to the molecular definition of this lesion in CLL. Experimental Design: We applied single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array technology and gene expression profiling data to investigate the 13q14 deletion occurring in a panel of 100 untreated, early-stage (Binet A) patients representative of the major genetics, molecular, and biological features of the disease. Results: Concordantly with FISH analysis, SNP arrays identified 44 patients with del(13)(q14) including 11 cases with a biallelic deletion. The shorter monoallelic deletion was 635-kb long. The loss of the miR-15a/16-1 cluster occurred in all del(13)(q14) cases except in 2 patients with a monoallelic deletion, who retained both copies. MiR-15a/16 expression was significantly downregulated only in patients with the biallelic loss of the miRNA cluster compared to 13q normal cases. Finally, the natural grouping of SNP profiles by nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm showed that patients could be classified into 2 separate clusters, mainly characterized by short/biallelic versus wide/monoallelic 13q14 deletions. Supervised analyses of expression data showed that specific transcriptional profiles are correlated with these 2 genomic subgroups. Conclusions: Overall, our data highlight the presence of 2 distinct molecular types of 13q14 deletions, which may be of clinical relevance in CLL. Clin Cancer Res; 16(23); 5641–53. ©2010 AACR.
Inducible Gene Silencing in Podocytes
Authors: Laurence Bugeon, Aliki Danou, David Carpentier, Paul Langridge, Nelofer Syed, Margaret J. Dallman
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

This article considers the way in which ethical concerns about sex reassignment surgery and especially the research and clinical practice of the sexologist Dr John Money (1921–2006) is being negotiated in the 1960s and 1970s novels <i>Myra Breckinridge</i> and <i>Myron</i> by Gore Vidal and <i>The Passion of New Eve</i> by Angela Carter. Drawing on the theories of gender and embodiment developed by Money, the article reads the novels as a critical response and discursive interaction with emergent sexological concepts.
Pathogenesis of Arteriovenous Malformations in the Absence of Endoglin
Authors: Marwa Mahmoud, Kathleen R. Allinson, Zhenhua Zhai, Rachael Oakenfull, Pranita Ghandi, Ralf H. Adams, Marcus Fruttiger, Helen M. Arthur
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) result in anomalous direct blood flow between arteries and veins, bypassing the normal capillary bed. Depending on size and location, AVMs may lead to severe clinical effects including systemic cyanosis (pulmonary AVMs), hemorrhagic stroke (cerebral AVMs) and high output cardiac failure (hepatic AVMs). The factors leading to AVM formation are poorly understood, but patients with the familial disease hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) develop AVMs at high frequency. As most HHT patients have mutations in ENG (endoglin) or ACVRL1 (activin receptor-like kinase 1), a better understanding of the role of these genes in vascular development is likely to reveal the etiology of AVM formation.Using a mouse with a conditional mutation in the Eng gene, we investigated the sequence of abnormal cellular events occurring during development of an AVM.In the absence of endoglin, subcutaneous Matrigel implants in adult mice were populated by reduced numbers of new blood vessels compared with controls, and resulted in local venous enlargement (venomegaly). To investigate abnormal vascular responses in more detail, we turned to the more readily accessible vasculature of the neonatal retina. Endoglin-deficient retinas exhibited delayed remodeling of the capillary plexus, increased proliferation of endothelial cells and localized AVMs. Muscularization of the resulting arteriovenous shunts appeared to be a secondary response to increased blood flow.AVMs develop when an angiogenic stimulus is combined with endoglin depletion. Moreover, AVM formation appears to result from the combination of delayed vascular remodeling and an inappropriate endothelial cell proliferation response in the absence of endoglin.