tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
More on coronary bypass surgery: changes in saphenous veins
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Zoonotic Brugia Filariasis in New England
Authors: CATHERINE COOLIDGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Three human infections with an animal filarial parasite of a Brugia species have been identified in residents of New England over the past 2 years. All patients were asymptomatic except for local, superficial lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis was established pathologically by the finding of immature brugia worms in the biopsied lymph nodes. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was lacking; in one patient, no lymphocyte blastogenesis to filarial antigens and no antifilarial antibodies were detectable. These cases document a wider geographic range in the Northeast for this zoonosis, which had been previously recognized in two residents of the Middle-Atlantic states. The clinical and pathologic features resulting from the worm's intralymphatic localization and the structure of the brugia worm distinguish this entity from other zoonotic filarial infections.
Detection of Cervical Neoplasia: Reducing the Risk of Error
Authors: A. Stafl, E. G. Friedrich, R. F. Mattingly
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1974)

In cytology studies false negative smears range from 1.8% to 20% due to different levels of cytologic expertise and of material presented to the pathologist. Only 6% of in situ carcinomas of the cervix have an abnormal gross appearance so routine multiple biopsies are needed. Schiller's test, using a weak aqueous solution of iodine, leaves an area of carcinoma unstained but colors normal cervical epithelium a dark brown. However, not all areas which fail to stain represent foci of cancer. Multiple biopsies and endocervical curettage are required, particularly to detect lesions not involving the portio. Conization is the most accurate method for evaluating the suspicious cervix. 80 histo logic sections should be examined from each cervix specimen. Complicati ons of conization may be hemorrhage, cervical stenosis, uterine perforation, and pelvic infection. Only after 4-6 weeks does pelvic infection cease to be a significant risk. When done during pregnancy, conization may cause a fetal loss of 15%. Colposcopy has a low false-negative rate but cannot detect lesions inside the cervical canal. It is the best method of clinical evaluation of patients with abnormal cytological smears, particularly during pregnancy. A colposcopic diagnosis is based on an evaluation of vascular pattern, intercapillary distance, surface contour, color tone, and clarity of demarcation. Where colposcopic examination is unsatisfactory and cytology is positive, conization is indicated. The final diagnosis depends on the histology of the directed biopsy.
Effects of the calcium channel antagonist mibefradil on haemodynamic and morphological parameters in myocardial infarction-induced cardiac failure in rats
Authors: Steffen Sandmann, Heidi Spitznagel, Oliver Chung, None Qin-Gui Xia, Sascha Illner, Gunnar Jänichen, Birthe Rossius, Mat J.A.P Daemen, Thomas Unger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: Calcium channel antagonists (CCA) have been proposed for the prevention of cardiac events after myocardial infarction (MI). Mibefradil is a CCA featuring a selective blockade of T-type Ca2+-channels. The aim of the study was to characterize the effects of mibefradil on haemodynamic and morphological parameters in a model of postMI chronic heart failure and to establish the "therapeutic window" for the start of therapy. Methods: MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery in male normotensive Wistar rats. Animals were assigned to placebo- or mibefradil-treated (10 mg/kg/day p.o.) groups as follows: (1) sham operation; (2) MI placebo treatment; (3) 7 days preMI start of treatment; (4) 3 h postMI start of treatment; (5) 24 h postMI start of treatment; (6) 3 days postMI start of treatment; (7) 7 days postMI start of treatment. Treatment was continued for 6 weeks postMI. At this time point, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) and contraction force (dP/dtmax) were measured in conscious rats at baseline and after methoxamine (MEX; 0.5–1.0 mg/h i.v.) stimulation to increase afterload. The hearts were subjected to histological determination of infarct size (IS), infarct length (IL), noninfarcted length (NL), left ventricular circumference (LVC), inner LV-diameter (LVD) and septal thickness (ST). Results: Six weeks after MI, MAP was lowered, LVEDP increased and dP/dtmax reduced. Mibefradil treatment increased basal MAP in groups 3–5 compared to the placebo-treated MI group. Under mibefradil, LVEDP was reduced at baseline in groups 3–6 and, after MEX, in all groups. dP/dtmax was increased in groups 3–4 at baseline and after MEX. In the placebo-treated MI group, the infarcted area was 39% of the LV and heart weight, LVD and LVC were increased. Heart weights of mibefradil-treated rats (groups 3–6) did not differ from those of the placebo-treated group. Early onset of treatment with mibefradil reduced IS and IL and increased NL in groups 3–4. LVD and LVC were decreased in group 3 only. ST was increased in groups 3–5. Conclusion: Chronic treatment with mibefradil exerts beneficial actions on cardiac structure and performance in postMI cardiac failure in rats, especially when the onset of treatment is either prior to or within hours after the acute ischemic event.
Histologic evidence for small-vessel coronary artery disease in patients with angina pectoris and patent large coronary arteries.
Authors: M Mosseri, R Yarom, M S Gotsman, Y Hasin
Journal: Circulation (1986)

We studied six patients who suffered from angina pectoris but had angiographically patent major coronary arteries. Two of the patients suffered also from congestive heart failure. Three patients had supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Three patients had conduction disturbances. During coronary angiography the patients had significantly reduced flow velocity of angiographic contrast medium compared with that in a control group. Echocardiographic and Doppler flow studies showed a tendency for symmetrical thickening of the left ventricular wall, enlargement of the right ventricle, and reduced compliance of both ventricles. Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed pathologic small coronary arteries with fibromuscular hyperplasia, hypertrophy of the media, myointimal proliferation, and endothelial degeneration. Capillaries had swollen endothelial cells encroaching on the lumen. Myocardial hypertrophy, lipofuscin deposition, and patchy fibrosis were also observed. These cases show that small-vessel coronary artery disease can cause classic angina pectoris. The diagnosis can be suspected when the coronary angiogram shows large patent arteries with slow flow of the angiographic contrast medium and it can be confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy.
Abstract 4485: Synthesis of targeted docetaxel-polymer conjugate and its anti-tumor efficacy
Authors: Young Bok Lee, Deog Joong Kim, Miyoung Yang, Chang-Ho Ahn, Anjan Nan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Over the last decade, it has been shown that nanopolymer therapeutics can be engineered to target cancer cells specifically and can deliver the cancer agent in a time-release fashion, thereby leaving normal healthy cells unaffected by toxic drugs such as docetaxel. Docetaxel has been used to treat several types of cancers, but it has provided pharmaceutical challenges due to its poor solubility and toxicities associated with the co-solvents. Given that nanotechnology can enhance the specificity, efficacy and safety of cancer agents and with the need of a new alternative formulation for docetaxel delivery, we developed a poly N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA)-Docetaxel (Doc) conjugate with Folate (FA) targeting ligand and evaluated the effect of the product in both in vitro human cancer cell lines and in vivo mice xenograft tumor models. Analysis of the product displayed the incorporation of 7.9% of docetaxel and 2.1% of folate with 38.6kDa MW and 1.92 of polydispersity, and an improvement in water solubility. The product inhibited the proliferation of a variety of human cancer cells in nM ranges in in vitro study. The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of the product in mice was more than 150 mg/kg (as a docetaxel amount), which is much higher than that of free docetaxel (∼25 mg/kg). In mice bearing tumor xenografts, treatment with the polymer-conjugate strongly inhibited the growth of various human tumors, extended survival, and enhanced tumor regression significantly without effects on body weight compared to control animals. The results clearly demonstrate that our new polyHPMA-docetaxel-folate conjugate compound is a promising candidate for anti-tumor chemotherapeutics with reduced toxicity and prolonged survival. Citation Format: Young Bok Lee, Deog Joong Kim, Miyoung Yang, Chang-Ho Ahn, Anjan Nan. Synthesis of targeted docetaxel-polymer conjugate and its anti-tumor efficacy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4485. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4485
Scaffolds from electrospun polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers: Fabrication, characterization, bioabsorption and tissue response
Authors: Tang H. Ying, Daisuke Ishii, Atsushi Mahara, Sunao Murakami, Tetsuji Yamaoka, Kumar Sudesh, Razip Samian, Masahiro Fujita, Mizuo Maeda, Tadahisa Iwata
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Donating Hearts after Cardiac Death — Reversing the Irreversible
Authors: Robert M. Veatch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Organ Donation after Cardiac DeathIn this issue of the Journal, Boucek et al. (pages 709–714) report on three cases of heart transplantation from infants who were pronounced dead on the basis of cardiac criteria. The three Perspective articles and a video roundtable discussion at www.nejm.org address key ethical aspects of organ donation after cardiac death. Bernat and Veatch comment on the cases described by Boucek et al.; Truog and Miller raise a fundamental question about the dead donor rule. In a related Perspective roundtable, moderator Atul Gawande, of Harvard Medical School, is joined by George Annas, of the Boston University School of Public Health; Arthur Caplan, of the University of Pennsylvania; and Robert Truog. Watch the roundtable online at www.nejm.org.Once, all transplantable organs were procured after a donor's heart had stopped irreversibly. Assuming that one accepted the dead donor rule, irreversible heart stoppage triggered organ procurement. Around 1970, the law gradually began to accept the declaration of death on the basis of irreversible loss of brain function. Today, physicians in all U.S. states may pronounce death and procure organs when brain function is determined to be permanently lost. Nevertheless, the more traditional heart-based pronouncement is accepted as an alternative.The application of either brain- or heart-based criteria for pronouncing death is somewhat more complicated for infants and small children. . . .
Setting Outcome-Based Standards for Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: John E. Wennberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Carotid endarterectomies have been in use for more than 30 years. More than 100 000 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy in the United States in 1984, yet there are no standards based on outcomes for the appropriate use of this operation. In the perioperative period, the operation can produce the strokes and deaths it is designed to prevent. Are these complications more than offset by the number of strokes and deaths ultimately prevented by the operation? For patients operated on in centers with higher perioperative death rates, the available evidence favors medical treatment for many patient subgroups.<sup>1,2</sup>However, for patients receiving optimal surgical care-meaning a combined perioperative stroke and death rate less than 5% — there is considerable uncertainty about the answer to this question. While three major randomized clinical trials are under way to settle the issue for some patient subgroups, this information will not be available for several
Bradykinin (A Vasoactive Polypeptide)
Authors: John C. Mitchell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE plasma kinins are vasoactive polypeptides deriveoteins. Plasma kinin-forming enzyme, named kallikrein, produces plasma kinins when incubated with plasma or fractionated globulin. Trypsin and proteolytic enzymes in snake venom act as kinin-forming substances. In the human body most of this type of enzyme is found in glandular tissue, urine and blood. An important member of the group of plasma kinins is bradykinin.Physiologic investigation of the plasma kinins, followed by the synthesis of bradykinin, has aroused interest in the significance of this vasoactive poly-peptide in the pathogenesis of human disease. The clinical implications of the pathophysiologic roles of bradykinin are . . .
Effect of Temperament on Metabolic Control in Children With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Joanne F Rovet, Robert M Ehrlich
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Fifty-one children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 24 healthy sibling controls were compared on one of two temperament questionnaires completed by parents. Children with IDDM did not provide a characteristic temperament profile or show any problem areas. A regression analysis to predict diabetic control as measured by most recent glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values revealed that five of the nine temperament scales accounted for a significant 42% of the variance in HbA1c (P &amp;lt; .001). Children with higher activity levels, greater regularity in routines, milder reactions to external stimuli, distractibility, and negative moods were achieving better glycemic control. The results are discussed in terms of how individual differences in behavioral organization, energy consumption, and stress modulation may affect blood glucose levels.
EU residents may be able to travel to any member state for care from 2010
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

European Union residents will be able to travel to any of the 27 member states for non-emergency health care if new European Commission proposals are adopted.

A draft copy of the proposals seen by the BMJ attempts to set down legislation on patient mobility after the European Court of Justice ruled that health care should be part of a European free market.

Under the plans, which are expected to be published next week, patients should be able to receive health care similar to what they would be entitled to in their home country, with the costs covered …
A hands on or hands off approach to patients?
Authors: N E Dudley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Oxford medical students starting their clinical course may be amused to contemplate the scene nearly 40 years ago when the three senior general surgeons on the staff at the John Radcliffe Hospital were assigned to their first medical and surgical firms at St Bartholomew's Hospital.

In those days students attached to surgical firms were known as dressers because part of their duties involved changing the dressings of the patients assigned to their care. Strict protocols laid down by the nursing hierarchy enshrined strict “no touch” techniques founded on scrupulous asepsis. So right from the first days on the wards, medics learnt important lessons by the bedsides of their own patients.

The dressers also served for a short time as nursing auxiliaries. A major collective responsibility of the firm students was the phlebotomy service. All biochemistry request cards written out by the house staff were shared out among the available students.

Students realised quickly that they were …
Abstract 4525: p21 as a predictive marker of pathologic complete response after 5-FU based chemoradiotherapy for patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Sung Hoon Sim, Mi-Hyun Kang, Yu Jung Kim, Keun-Wook Lee, Duck-Woo Kim, Sung-Bum Kang, Na Young Jang, Jae-Sung Kim, Hye Seung Lee, Jee Hyun Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Pre-operative chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is standard treatment in clinical stage T3/4 or node positive rectal cancer, however, there are no established biomarker that can predict pathological response and clinical outcome to CRT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between expression of molecular markers and pathological response and clinical outcomes in patients with rectal cancer who received 5-FU based chemoradiotherapy. Experiment design: Immunohistochemical stain was performed in tissue arrays constructed from core tissue specimens taken before treatment and from operative specimens from 120 patients who received 5-FU based pre-operative CRT and surgery between June 2003 and Dec. 2008. Expression of Ki67, TS, BAX, EpCAM, p53, p21, EGFR, CD44, CD133, CD166, HIF1a and ALDH1 were assessed and correlated with tumor regression grades and disease free survival. Results Of 120 patients (M/F 77/43, median age:63), 23 (19.2%) patients achieved pathologic complete remission; Dworak grade 1: 18 (15%), grade 2: 51 (42.5%); Grade 3: 28 (23.3%), and Grade 4: 23 (19.2%). In the analysis of association between marker expressions and tumor regression grades, low p21 expression at pretreatment biopsy was significantly associated with grade 4 (total regression) (p=0.039) and better disease free survival (5yr DFS rate - low vs high p21: 89% vs 54%, p=0.001). In the multivariate analysis, low p21 expression level in pre-treatment biopsy was significantly associated with better DFS (p=0.003, HR 0.20; 95% CI 0.72, 0.57) and the score difference of p21 expression between pre- and post treatment tissue was also significant (p=0.002, HR 0.09; 95% CI 0.02, 0.39). Low CD166 expression level at pretreatment biopsy was associated with better DFS (p=0.003; HR 0.19; 95% CI 0.07, 0.58). Low ypN stage and high tumor regression grade also have significantly a good effect on DFS as well (p= 0.001, 0.018 respectively). Conclusion Our results showed low p21 and CD166 expression at pretreatment biopsy was associated with tumor regression and good prognosis in patients treated with 5-FU based chemoradioatherapy. Larger, prospective trials and functional studies are warranted to determine the role of p21 and CD166 as predictive biomarker of response to chemoradiotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4525. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4525
Cimetidine interaction with phenytoin.
Authors: D J Hetzel, F Bochner, J F Hallpike, D J Shearman, C S Hann
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Cimetidine interaction with phenytoinCimetidine inhibits the hepatic microsomal oxidation system in vitro and reduces clearance of drugs metabolised by these enzymes.'In man cimetidine increases the effect of warfarin'' and diazepam.4Phenytoin, a commonly used anticonvulsant with a narrow therapeutic index, is also metabolised by the hepatic microsomal system.We therefore investigated the effect of cimetidine on steady-state plasma phenytoin concentrations in patients with longstanding epilepsy.Patients studied and mean serum phenytoin concentrations ( SD) before, during, and after cimetidine (C) Phenytoin Mean plasma phenytoin (gmol/l)*
PSEUDO-CYST OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: D. J. Harries
Journal: BMJ (1933)

rMEDICAL JOURNAL cells still containing air.Later, intercellular septa are destroyed by rarefying osteitis, and eventually complete disorganization of the whole cell system is brought about.In a well-pneumatized mastoid process the cortex is thin at any time it may be eroded, giving rise in the one direction to intracranial, in the other to extramastoid, complications.The Eustachian tube shows slight inflammatory changes in its osseous part.Its cartilaginous portion is free, with a patent lumen.PROGNOSIS '3.An early bacteriological diagnosis by the method described is simple in achievement and essential for c.ontrol. 4. Early operation with a thorough evacuation of the diseased mastoid cells is imperative.
The obesity susceptibility gene Cpe links FoxO1 signaling in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons with regulation of food intake
Authors: Leona Plum, Hua V Lin, Roxanne Dutia, Jun Tanaka, Kumiko S Aizawa, Michihiro Matsumoto, Andrea J Kim, Niamh X Cawley, Ji-Hye Paik, Y Peng Loh, Ronald A DePinho, Sharon L Wardlaw, Domenico Accili
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Kenneth L. Pinsker
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ROENTGENOGRAPHIC features of pulmonary sarcoidosis include bilateral symmetrical hilar adenopathy, alveolar infiltrates, chronic upperlobe fibrosis and cavitary disease, and reticular or nodular interstitial infiltrates.<sup>1</sup>Unusual roentgenographic manifestations of this disease are giant bulla formation, multiple nodules, pleural thickening and effusion, and nonsymmetrical hilar or perihilar masses.<sup>2</sup>The solitary pulmonary nodule is a rare manifestation of pulmonary sarcoidosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 32-year-old black woman was in excellent health until she lost weight, and a nonproductive cough, malaise, and lowgrade fever developed. An intermediate-strength PPD tuberculin test had been positive for approximately ten to 15 years, without a history of isoniazid prophylaxis. She smoked two packs of cigarettes per day for approximately 15 years and has a history of sickle cell trait. The patient is from the West Indies and has no history of recent travel to any area of endemic fungal disease. Her vital signs were normal,