tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of salbutamol given intravenously and by intermittent positive-pressure breathing in life-threatening asthma.
Authors: P Bloomfield, J Carmichael, G R Petrie, N P Jewell, G K Crompton
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A double-blind crossover trial was carried out during 22 episodes of life-threatening asthma in 19 patients to compare salbutamol given as a 500 microgram intravenous injection and as a 0 . 5% solution administered by intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) for three minutes. Relief of pulsus paradoxus was significantly better after IPPB than the intravenous treatment. Both treatments significantly improved the peak expiratory flow rate. Salbutamol given intravenously produced a mean increase in heart rate of over 20 beats/min five minutes after treatment compared with the relief of tachycardia that occurred after administration by IPPB. Four patients had noticeable cardiovascular side effects after salbutamol given intravenously, but no such effects were noticed after administration by IPPB. Two patients withdrawn shortly after entry into the trial because of a worsening clinical condition had received intravenous salbutamol. It is concluded that salbutamol given by IPPB is better than that given by slow intravenous injection in severe acute asthma.
Quality of life in chronic HIV infection
Authors: Anton Pozniak
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2014)

It is truly remarkable that patients whose HIV is controlled on antiviral therapy will have a life-expectation similar to that of the general population. However, little research has been done on what the quality of this life might be. In The Lancet HIV, Alec Miners and colleagues1 research health related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with HIV in the era of combination ART. The authors point out that HIV positive people doing well on treatment have a significantly reduced HRQoL compared with that in the general population.
UK ranks among lowest in Europe on cervical cancer survival
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Rates of survival for cervical cancer in the United Kingdom are among the lowest in Europe, a new study shows.

The study, which was published online in Gynecologic Oncology on 30 March (www.sciencedirect.com, doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.01.048) and was based on data from more than 70 000 women in 18 countries, shows that survival in Europe overall has improved slowly but steadily but that the trend is not geographically uniform, with central European countries and the UK seeing little or no improvement.





Some of the biggest differences between countries were among women aged over 75. The five year survival rate in this group was below 30% in …
Letter from Auchendreich
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Here in the Greater Auchendreich Health Board area we take health eating seriously. There is a board level strategy, generating goals and setting deadlines for unit level policy task forces, which in turn set targets for a comprehensive network of hospital level implementation groups, all efforts being meshed with a multimedia dietary education campaign conducted with the enthusiastic backing of the local newspaper, many of the parish magazines, and our very own Radio Dreich.

The task is certainly a formidable one. Local eating habits combine the worst of rural and urban Scottish dietary failings and are deeply ingrained and generally unhealthy. Early ambitions, such as the elimination of the potato scone by the year 2000, have …
Does the recurrence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer during subsequent pregnancy 10 years after mastectomy support the unique hormonal milieu of pregnancy as a cause of tumorigenesis? A case and literature review.
Authors: A Schlager, JG Unger, F Schnabel
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3058 We report a case of pregnancy-associated chest wall recurrence of breast adenocarcinoma 10 years following mastectomy and reconstruction for initial pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC). This represents the first reported case in the literature of a pregnancy-associated recurrence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer. The patient had no episodes of recurrent breast cancer during the interim 10 years, and only experienced a recurrence with a rapidly growing left chest mass during the subsequent pregnancy. Thus, the possibility that the malignancy may have been triggered by the pregnancy cannot be ignored.&amp;#x2028; Although prior studies following breast cancer patients and their subsequent pregnancy have not shown an increase risk of recurrence, these studies were performed in “all comers” with breast cancer, and would not have had the statistical power to distinguish a small subset of patients with an increased risk, such as PABC patients. As a result, these patients have been assumed to be at no greater risk for recurrence with pregnancy and have been advised as such.&amp;#x2028; It is reasonable to assume that PABC patients may, in fact, represent a unique subset of breast cancer patients with the unique hormonal milieu of pregnancy playing a mechanistic role in the propagation and proliferation of the disease. In this case a patient with prior PABC had a rapidly growing progesterone receptor positive breast cancer during a subsequent pregnancy. Further, studies have indicated that there is a possibility that the hormone status of women during pregnancy may in fact lead to a change in tumor characteristics, and therefore their risks. This instance would support the concern and represent the sentinel report describing a new subset of breast cancer with a unique spectrum of risk factors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3058.
Legionella pneumophila Wound Infection
Authors: Wayne Brabender
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<i>LEGIONELLA pneumophila</i>pneumonia was first recognized after the outbreak that followed the 1976 convention of the Pennsylvania Department of the American Legion in Philadelphia.<sup>1</sup>After the recognition of<i>L pneumophila</i>in causing pneumonia, a respiratory illness without pneumonia termed "Pontiac fever" was shown to be caused by the same agent.<sup>2</sup>Later,<i>L pneumophila</i>was demonstrated in tissues other than the lungs of patients who had pulmonary infiltrates, a finding that suggested hematogenous dissemination.<sup>3</sup>Vascular access sites in patients undergoing renal dialysis may also be infected.<sup>4</sup>From a perirectal abscess in one patient,<i>L pneumophila</i>and anaerobes were isolated.<sup>5</sup> We describe a patient without pneumonia from whom cultures of an open wound showed growth of<i>L pneumophila</i>and<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Apparently the<i>L pneumophila</i>was acquired by the patient from water in a Hubbard tank in which he was receiving daily rehabilitation. Routine disinfection of the
Impact of the Year 2000 Medicare Policy Change on Older Patient Enrollment to Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Joseph M. Unger, Charles A. Coltman, John J. Crowley, Laura F. Hutchins, Silvana Martino, Robert B. Livingston, John S. Macdonald, Charles D. Blanke, David R. Gandara, E. David Crawford, Kathy S. Albain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Purpose A prior analysis by the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) showed that women and African American patients were adequately represented on cancer clinical treatment trials but that older patients were substantially underrepresented. Twenty-five percent of patients ≥ 65 years old were enrolled onto SWOG trials from 1993 to 1996, whereas 63% of all patients with cancer were ≥ 65 years old. Recognition of this under-representation led to a change in Medicare policy in 2000 to include coverage of routine patient care costs of clinical trials. We conducted an updated analysis of accrual trends. Methods The proportions of enrollment onto SWOG treatment trials by sex, race/ethnicity, and age (≥ 65 years) were computed for the years 1997 to 2000; corresponding rates in the United States were derived from US Census and National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. Additionally, method of payment data were analyzed over time (1993 to 2003) to assess whether patterns in method of payment changed with the new Year 2000 Medicare policy on clinical trials coverage. Results The results showed continued adequate representation by sex and race/ethnicity. Older patient accrual on SWOG trials increased significantly since 2000, with 31% of patients ≥ 65 years old enrolled from 1997 to 2000 and 38% enrolled from 2001 to 2003 (v 25% from 1993 to 1996). The percentage of patients using Medicare plus supplemental insurance also increased beginning in 2000, whereas the percentage of patients using Medicare alone remained the same. Conclusion Method of payment analyses provided evidence that the Year 2000 Medicare policy change had a positive impact, but only for those patients with supplemental private coverage of coinsurance costs. Improvements in the Medicare payment structure could further increase older patient participation in clinical trials.
Thank you for calling
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The calls went on for months: sporadic at first, then perhaps once or twice a week. Eventually they settled to a pattern. To be wakened most mornings between one and five becomes tedious. Whoever it was never said anything. There was breathing and sometimes a hesitant moan—or was it a chuckle? And it was definitely an old lady.

There was an obvious suspect, a deluded Welshwoman whom I had met only once. A few years previously her husband had sought refuge in residential care. I had seen him and signed some forms, so was somehow implicated in a complex plot to deprive her of a vast inheritance. She was persistent, then even lawyers began to tire of her. Occasionally …
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided ethanol injection for hepatocellular carcinoma difficult to treat with percutaneous local treatment
Authors: S. Nakaji, N. Hirata, K. Iwaki, T. Shiratori, M. Kobayashi, M. Inase
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

An 82-year-old man with liver cirrhosis associated with hepatitis C attended hospital for a follow-up. His past medical history included recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and he was readmitted on the present visit due to another recurrent episode of HCC. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed two new HCC lesions: one in S6 (13 mm in diameter) and the other in S8 (17 mm in diameter) ([Fig. 1]). The lesion in S6 was treated with radiofrequency ablation. For the other lesion, we carried out transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) because the HCC was located deep within the liver and close to the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins and was thus difficult to treat through a percutaneous route. However, the HCC remained viable on follow-up CT after TACE. We then opted to manage the lesion with endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol injection after obtaining the patient's consent. The procedure was carried out under conscious sedation while monitoring the respiratory and circulatory dynamics with a curvilinear echoendoscope (GF-UCT240; Olympus Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan). The HCC was detected more clearly and was more easily visualized by EUS than ultrasound ([Fig. 2 a]). Prior to attempting the puncture with a 25-gauge needle (Expect; Boston Scientific Corp., Natick, Massachusetts, USA), a color Doppler ultrasound was used to ensure the vessels were avoided. A total of 8.5 mL of ethanol was injected ([Fig. 2 b, c]). A follow-up CT scan 2 weeks later showed the HCC had completely necrosed.
Cognitive Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Women with Elevated Autoantibodies and Normal Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography
Authors: Charles-Siegfried Peretti, Charles Roger Peretti, Elizabeth Kozora, Dimitri Papathanassiou, Virginie-Anne Chouinard, Guy Chouinard
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is known to induce psychiatric disorders, from psychoses to maladaptive coping. Brain autoantibodies were proposed to explain SLE neuropsychiatric disorders and found to be elevated before the onset of clinical symptoms. We assessed cognition in Caucasian SLE women with elevated autoantibodies without overt neuropsychiatric syndromes, in conjunction with single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; 31 women meeting SLE criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) were included. Patients who met the ACR neuropsychiatric definition were excluded. Matched controls were 23 healthy women from the Champagne-Ardenne region, France. Participants completed neuropsychological and autoantibodies measurements, and 19 completed SPECT. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; 61% (19/31) of women with SLE and 53% (9/17) of those with normal SPECT had significant global cognitive impairment defined as 4 T-scores &lt;40 in cognitive tests, compared to 0% (0/23) of controls. SLE women also had significantly greater cognitive dysfunction (mean T-score) on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) visual backspan, Trail Making Test A and B, WAIS Digit Symbol Substitution Test and Stroop Interference, compared to controls. Elevated antinuclear antibody correlated with impairment in the WAIS visual span, WAIS visual backspan, and cancellation task; elevated anti-double-stranded DNA antibody and anticardiolipin correlated respectively with impairment in the Trail Making Test A and WAIS auditive backspan. Two SLE women had abnormal SPECT. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A high prevalence of cognitive deficits was found in Caucasian SLE women compared to normal women, which included impairment in cognitive domains important for daily activities. Elevated autoantibodies tended to correlate with cognitive dysfunction.
The Physician’s Counsel
Authors: Donald A Misch
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STAT3- and STAT5-dependent pathways competitively regulate the pan-differentiation of CD34pos cells into tumor-competent dendritic cells
Authors: Peter A. Cohen, Gary K. Koski, Brian J. Czerniecki, Kevin D. Bunting, Xin-Yuan Fu, Zhengqi Wang, Wen-Jun Zhang, Charles S. Carter, Mohamed Awad, Christopher A. Distel, Hassan Nagem, Christopher C. Paustian, Terrence D. Johnson, John F. Tisdale, Suyu Shu
Journal: Blood (2008)
Birth Weight Predicts Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Within Dizygotic but Not Monozygotic Twin Pairs
Authors: Sara Öberg, Sven Cnattingius, Sven Sandin, Paul Lichtenstein, Anastasia N. Iliadou
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The widely reported inverse association between birth weight and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has sparked theories about early life determinants of adult disease. Within-twin-pair analysis provides a unique opportunity to investigate whether factors shared within twin pairs influence the association.In a population-based cohort of like-sexed twins with known zygosity born in Sweden from 1926 to 1958, disease-discordant twin pairs were identified through linkage to the National Inpatient and Cause of Death registers between 1973 and 2006. Co-twin-control analyses were performed on twins discordant for cardiovascular disease (n=3884), coronary heart disease (n=2668), and stroke (n=1372). Overall, inverse associations between birth weight and risk of cardiovascular diseases were seen within dizygotic but not monozygotic twin pairs. In dizygotic twins, the odds ratios for a 1-kg within-pair increase in birth weight were 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.98) for coronary heart disease and 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.37 to 0.88) for stroke. Conversely, no statistically significant associations were found within monozygotic twins (for coronary heart disease: odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 1.68; for stroke: odds ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.48 to 1.80).We found an association between birth weight and risk of cardiovascular disease within disease-discordant dizygotic but not monozygotic twin pairs. This indicates that the association between birth weight and cardiovascular disease could be a result of common causes, and that factors that vary within dizygotic but not monozygotic twin pairs may help identify them.
Quinidine-Digoxin Interaction
Authors: Robert M. Cisneros
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Leahey et al regarding the possible interaction between digoxin and quinidine was most interesting. However, the study itself has many flaws that should be brought to light. I agree with the authors' conclusion concerning the proper monitoring of patients receiving these drugs, but I think the data presented were not complete. First, the authors stated that patients with fluctuating serum electrolyte and renal values were omitted from the study. However, no operational definition was presented for the term "fluctuating." In a retrospective study, definition of terms is extremely important. If all the authors participated in the chart review, did all six use the same criteria for deleting patients with fluctuating values? Second, no data were presented that allowed the reader to compare patient age with the changes in digoxin serum level. Apparently the authors did not consider the possible relationship the two might have.
A METHOD TO DETERMINE THE PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE MOUSE
Authors: Philip D. McMaster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

Advantage has been taken of the relative transparency of the claw of the mouse to devise a method, here described, to measure the blood pressure in the animal's leg. Direct measurements of the systolic blood pressure from the carotid arteries of anesthetized mice have also been made. Simultaneous blood pressure readings by both these methods applied to the same animal showed close agreement. The systolic pressure ranged from 60 to 126 mm. Hg, according to the conditions.
Acute Lobar Nephronia Secondary to Infection with Nocardia Asteroides
Authors: C D COLLINS, R J DAVIES, R F JEWKES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 32-year-old woman undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus was admitted with a history of cough, pyrexia, and left loin pain. A chest radiograph showed right upper lobe consolidation with cavitation and right basal consolidation. Analysis of urine revealed no evidence of bacteriuria. The symptoms continued despite antibacterial and antituberculous therapy. An indium-111 labelled white celt scan with imaging at 24 hours after injection demonstrated increased isotope uptake in the lungs corresponding to the radiograph; it also showed intense uptake inferomedial to the spleen. Ultrasound showed an echo-poor mass in the upper pole of the left kidney but without evidence of liquefaction, consistent with acute lobar nephronia (focal pyelonephritis). The mass was confirmed on a CT scan of the kidneys. Nocardia asteroides organisms were isolated from biopsy of an axillary lymph node. The patient fully recovered following appropriate antifungal therapy.
High white blood cell count in patients with giant cell arteritis predicts an increased risk of stenosis in upper extremity arteries: Figure 1
Authors: M Both, K Schulte, F Moosig, E Fritzer, WL Gross, M Heller, J Biederer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

Stenosis of the arteries of the upper extremities occurs in 13–29% of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA).1,–,3 Endovascular therapy has been reported to be successful, especially prior to extensive vessel obstruction.4 Until now, no predictive parameter is known for the early identification of persons at risk of ischaemic disease of the upper limbs. Therefore, we retrospectively analysed laboratory markers of inflammation in 105 patients (86 women, mean age 65.2 years) from a tertiary rheumatological care centre with a clinical diagnosis of GCA. Fulfilment of the American College of Rheumatology criteria was required, except for patients with typical stenosis of the arm arteries, older than 50 years of age at disease onset.5 6 Laboratory findings were obtained from the primary care physician or the medical centre consulted at disease onset, preceding anti-inflammatory …
Abstract LB-78: Synergistic effect of combination of MEK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor on cell death in human prostate cancer DU145 cells
Authors: Yunlim Kim, Jung Jin Hwang, Hongzoo Park, Gil Nam Lee, Dalsan You, In Gab Jeong, Choung-Soo Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although chemotherapy has been used in castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) for a number of years, only limited improvement in survival is observed. Therefore, novel targeted therapeutic approaches must be developed for the treatment of CRPC. Currently, a wide range of small-molecular kinase inhibitors have been developed that target signaling pathways for survival, and inhibitors for MEK and PI3 kinase are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. To evaluate whether the combination treatment with MEK and PI3 kinase inhibitors is synergistic in prostate cancers, we used AZD6244 and a compound of GlaxoSmithkline (Smithkline) that inhibit MEK and PI3 kinase respectively. The combination of AZD6244-Smithkline showed synergistic anti-proliferative effect on growth of prostate cancer cells compared with the single treatment. In addition, a combination treatment induced apoptotic cell death, cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP synergistically. A significant increase in apoptosis was detected by annexin V-PI staining in DU145 cells after combined treatment compared with the single treatment. This study suggests that the combination with AZD6244 and Smithkline has a significant synergistic effect on cell growth in CRPC DU145 cells via apoptotic pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-78. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-78
MEDICAL PROGRESS, ITS HELPS AND HINDRANCES.
Authors: G. C. SAVAGE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Medicine, like all other things terrestrial, had its beginning. When disease entered the world, medicine must have been born to meet it. Who first concocted a cooling draught to quench a fevered thirst must forever remain unknown. What the first surgical operation, and by whom performed, is likewise shrouded by the impenetrable gloom of the past. While I would not rob Hippocrates of the honor of being the father of medicine, in that he probably was first to reduce it to a science, nevertheless the generations who preceded him must have been blessed with men skilled to heal in that they must have been cursed by disease. The depth and extent of their knowledge, measured by the aids they had, must have been little; their skill to use the crude means for cure, at their command, could not have surpassed their knowledge of disease. It may be that anciently inspiration