tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Time Trends In Residential Indoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposures Among Inner City Children
Authors: S. Hasan, K.H. Jung, S. Hsu, K. Moors, B. Yan, P.L. Kinney, S. Chillrud, R. Whyatt, D. Camann, F.P. Perera, R.L. Miller
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Parenteral hydration did not improve dehydration or quality of life in advanced cancer
Authors: Eva B. Reitschuler-Cross, Bob Arnold
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Bruera E, Hui D, Dalal S, et al. Parenteral hydration in patients with advanced cancer: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31:111-8. 23169523
Assessing the Severity of Coronary-Artery Stenoses
Authors: Robert F. Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Over two centuries ago, Heberden described a strangling type of chest pain that was later associated with stenotic lesions of the coronary arteries. With the development of coronary arteriography in 1959, it became possible to visualize coronary arterial stenoses in vivo, and these compelling pictures became the gold standard for assessing coronary artery disease. Over the past 20 years, however, we have come to understand better the relation between angiographic pictures of coronary-artery stenoses and blood flow to the heart. These recent studies suggest that the angiogram, though hardly fool's gold, is not as precious as was once believed.In . . .
Parental Attitudes Toward Children with a Chronic Medical Disorder: Special Reference to Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Helen Pond
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

Children who suffer from chronic medical disorders requiring continuous therapy create threatening situations for parents, which are often acute at diagnosis and may continue over the years. Many parental reactions and consequent emotional interactions with the children are common to all medical handicaps, but also vary with the nature of the particular disease and its treatment. Attitudes of parents to the diagnosis of a chronic handicap or medical disorder will always include some apprehension. This is usually more acute in mothers than in fathers, both by their nature and position of authority in the care of the child in most homes. Some anxiety is normal at diagnosis of a chronic ongoing illness in a child and may even help in making the mother more aware of the extra responsibility that has been thrust on her and give her the desire to manage the treatment well.
Specification of Neocortical Areas and Thalamocortical Connections
Authors: D D M O'Leary, B L Schlaggar, R Tuttle
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1994)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Community Psychiatry and Social Action—A Survey
Authors: D. ZUITHOFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

In working to promote the general well-being and optimal mental health of the community, the psychiatrist faces such issues as the meaning of "health," the ways in which it can best be achieved, and the clarification of his own position in relation to the sociocultural system in which he works. In his discussion of these issues, the author draws upon his experience as a program- and consultee-centered psychiatric consultant to several government departments in the Netherlands.
Apparatus for Continuous Blood-Pressure Observation
Authors: Ralph W. Alman, Joseph F. Fazekas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

IN the course of a series of investigations concerning human cerebral hemodynamics a relatively inexpensive, compact apparatus was improvised for continuous observation of the mean arterial blood pressure. Although we had considered the instrument assembly to be of chief worth in experimental studies, the lack of necessity for further mechanical refinement made it evident that there might be considerable clinical application. In particular, immediate detection of blood-pressure changes is of inestimable value in anesthesiology, in certain diagnostic procedures (for example, to detect pheochromocytoma) and in initial therapeutic trials of the more dramatic hypotensive agents, as in eclampsia or hypertensive crises. . . .
Investigations of Equivocal Suicides
Authors: Robert E. Litman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Suicide implies a direct connection between the deceased's intention, his self-destructive action, and his subsequent death. Uncertainty about the correct certification results when the victim's intention is ambivalent, with coexisting wishes both to live and to die, or when the self-destructive action is in itself inconclusive, or when death follows the action after a considerable delay. Investigations of 100 such cases are reported with illustrative examples. The present classification of deaths into natural, accident, homicide, and suicide obscures the fact that individuals may make a considerable contribution toward their own deaths under circumstances not ordinarily considered suicide.
On determining what is unconscious and what is perception
Authors: David Navon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1986)

In sum, dichotic listening tasks are appropriate for testing whether perception requires attention. The separate issue of the possible presence of perception that can never be brought under the spotlight of awareness should indeed be investigated by paradigms such as masking. However, the ultimate criterion for availability to awareness must be phenomenal experience. The discrepancy between thresholds of different perceptual indices is an important empirical finding, but its theoretical interpretation is not straightforward. In addition, it is suggested that we worry about the possibility that so-called indirect evidence reflects side effects of perceptual processing rather than the contents of its final product. In that case, what are being observed are vestiges of the processing of stimuli that do not make it to awareness. Whether those stimuli are below the threshold for overt response is an open question.
Population-Based Risk for Complications After Transthoracic Needle Lung Biopsy of a Pulmonary Nodule: An Analysis of Discharge Records
Authors: Renda Soylemez Wiener, Lisa M. Schwartz, Steven Woloshin, H. Gilbert Welch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Because pulmonary nodules are found in up to 25% of patients undergoing computed tomography of the chest, the question of whether to perform biopsy is becoming increasingly common. Data on complications after transthoracic needle lung biopsy are limited to case series from selected institutions. Objective: To determine population-based estimates of risks for complications after transthoracic needle biopsy of a pulmonary nodule. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Setting: The 2006 State Ambulatory Surgery Databases and State Inpatient Databases for California, Florida, Michigan, and New York from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Patients: 15 865 adults who had transthoracic needle biopsy of a pulmonary nodule. Measurements: Percentage of biopsies complicated by hemorrhage, any pneumothorax, or pneumothorax requiring a chest tube, and adjusted odds ratios for these complications associated with various biopsy characteristics, calculated by using multivariate, population-averaged generalized estimating equations. Results: Although hemorrhage was rare, complicating 1.0% (95% CI, 0.9% to 1.2%) of biopsies, 17.8% (CI, 11.8% to 23.8%) of patients with hemorrhage required a blood transfusion. In contrast, the risk for any pneumothorax was 15.0% (CI, 14.0% to 16.0%), and 6.6% (CI, 6.0% to 7.2%) of all biopsies resulted in pneumothorax requiring a chest tube. Compared with patients without complications, those who experienced hemorrhage or pneumothorax requiring a chest tube had longer lengths of stay (P < 0.001) and were more likely to develop respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation (P = 0.020). Patients aged 60 to 69 years (as opposed to younger or older patients), smokers, and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had higher risk for complications. Limitations: Estimated risks may be inaccurate if coding of complications is incomplete. The analyzed databases contain little clinical detail (such as information on nodule characteristics or biopsy pathology) and cannot indicate whether performing the biopsy produced useful information. Conclusion: Whereas hemorrhage is an infrequent complication of transthoracic needle lung biopsy, pneumothorax is common and often necessitates chest tube placement. These population-based data should help patients and physicians make more informed choices about whether to perform biopsy of a pulmonary nodule. Primary Funding Source: Department of Veterans Affairs and National Cancer Institute.
Relation of Mean Platelet Volume with Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Ali Rıza Gülcan, Mustafa Serkan Karakaş, Barış Akdemir, Mustafa Uçar, Refik Emre Altekin, Hüseyin Yılmaz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Reverse Remodeling and the Risk of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in the MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy)
Authors: Alon Barsheshet, Paul J. Wang, Arthur J. Moss, Scott D. Solomon, Amin Al-Ahmad, Scott McNitt, Elyse Foster, David T. Huang, Helmut U. Klein, Wojciech Zareba, Michael Eldar, Ilan Goldenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Hepatitis B in a Prenatal Population-Reply
Authors: Neil S. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the interest by Dankner et al in our article. We agree that a full understanding of a community's baseline prevalence of any disease state is important before instituting general screening programs. A few points, however, bear further clarification. While it is true that based on our findings we proposed that empirical neonatal HBV prophylaxis be considered further, the recommendations were restricted to infants born to unregistered women with positive urine drug test results, not all women without prenatal care. Dankner et al do not mention finding any correlation between positive maternal HBsAg status and positive urine drug test results among the women they studied at their center. Dinsmoor and Gibbs<sup>1</sup>also showed a lower prevalence of asymptomatic HBV infection among pregnant Hispanic women in San Antonio, Tex, compared with non-Hispanic women, yet concluded that routine HBsAg screening in these women was still warranted because it
Physical Activity and Risk of Developing Colorectal Cancer Among College Alumni
Authors: I-M. Lee, R. S. Paffenbarger, C.-c. Hsieh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

The assessment of physical activity at a single time to evaluate its association with cancer may be limited, since such a measure may not adequately reflect activity over the long term. To overcome this limitation, we studied 17,148 Harvard alumni aged 30-79 years who were followed prospectively for the occurrence of colon cancer (n = 225) and rectal cancer (n = 44) from 1965 through 1988. Physical activity, based on self-reported stair climbing, walking, and sports play, was assessed in either 1962 or 1966 (1962/1966) and again in 1977. The increased activity evaluated using either assessment (1962/1966 or 1977) taken alone was not associated with risk of colon cancer. However, alumni who were highly active (energy expenditure of greater than 2500 kilocalories/wk) at both assessments had half the risk of developing colon cancer relative to those who were inactive (less than 1000 kilocalories/wk) at both assessments (age-adjusted rate ratio = 0.50; 90% confidence interval = 0.27-0.93), whereas those who were moderately active (1000-2500 kilocalories/wk) at both assessments had an age-adjusted rate ratio of 0.52 (90% confidence interval = 0.28-0.94). We conclude that either consistently higher levels of activity are necessary to protect against colon cancer or combining two assessments increased the precision of physical activity measurement. We found no evidence that increased physical activity protected against rectal cancer.
Climate Factors Influencing Coccidioidomycosis Seasonality and Outbreaks
Authors: Andrew C. Comrie
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Although broad links between climatic factors and coccidioidomycosis have been established, the identification of simple and robust relationships linking climatic controls to seasonal timing and outbreaks of the disease has remained elusive. Using an adaptive data-oriented method for estimating date of exposure, in this article I analyze hypotheses linking climate and dust to fungal growth and dispersion, and evaluate their respective roles for Pima County, Arizona. Results confirm a strong bimodal disease seasonality that was suspected but not previously seen in reported data. Dispersion-related conditions are important predictors of coccidioidomycosis incidence during fall, winter, and the arid foresummer. However, precipitation during the normally arid foresummer 1.5-2 years before the season of exposure is the dominant predictor of the disease in all seasons, accounting for half of the overall variance. Cross-validated models combining antecedent and concurrent conditions explain 80% of the variance in coccidioidomycosis incidence. .
Act now against new NHS competition regulations
Authors: J. Davis, I. Banks, D. Wrigley, C. Peedell, A. Pollock, K. McPherson, M. McKee, W. L. Irving, P. Crome, T. Greenhalgh, W. Holland, D. Evans, A. Maryon-Davis, A. Smyth, P. Fleming, M. Coleman, D. J. Sharp, P. Whincup, S. Logan, D. Cook, R. Moore, S. Rawaf, J. McEewen, R. West, J. S. Yudkin, A. Clarke, N. Finer, P. Domizio, C. Bambra, A. Jones, G. Feder, A. Scott-Samuel, L. Irvine, A. Sharma, M. Fitchett, K. Boomla, J. Folb, A. Paul, D. McCoy, R. Tallis, J. Burgess-Allen, M. Edwards, J. Tomlinson, D. Colvin, J. Gore, K. Brown, S. Mitchel, A. Lau, M. Sayer, L. Clark, R. Silverman, S. Marmot, D. Rainbow, L. Carter, N. Mann, R. Fielding, J. Logan, L. Tebboth, N. Arnold, K. Stobbart, K. Cabot, S. Finer, M. Edwards, D. Davies, H. Buttivant, S. Kraemer, J. Newell, A. Griffiths, R. FitzGerald, R. MacGibbon, A. Lee, A. F. Macklon, E. Hobson, D. Jenner, B. Jacobson, A. Timmis, A. Salim, J. Evans-Jones, W. Caan, N. Awsare, N. Pride, R. Suckling, C. Bratty, B. Rossiter, D. Hawkins, J. Currie, C. Camilleri-Ferrante, J. Fluxman, O. Bhatti, J. Anson, R. Etherington, D. Lawrence, H. Fell, E. Clarke, J. Ormerod, O. Ormerod, M. Ireland, J. A. T. Duncan, R. Chandy, J. Mindell, P. Mullen, P. Bennett-Richards, J. Hirst, E. Murphy, P. Martin, S. Lowes, P. Fleming, R. Grunewald, J. Reeve, M. Schweiger, J. Coates, G. Farrelly, M. A. Chamberlain, G. Lewis, J. Young, B. Scott, J. Gibbs, A. Landers, P. Deveson, G. Ingrams, M. Leigh, J. Gawler, A. Ford, J. Nixon, M. McCartney, D. Bareford, S. Singh, K. Lockwood, M. Cripwell, P. Ehrhardt, D. Bell, P. Wortley, L. Tomlinson, J. Hotchkiss, S. Ford, G. Turner, G. Reissman, D. Lewis, C. Johnstone, M. Tomson, P. Torabi, D. Bell, D. Tomson, A. Tulloch, S. Johnston, J. Dickinson, E. McElderry, W. Ross, K. Holt, M. Logan, H. Klonin, D. Jenner, J. Danby, V. Goodger, J. Puntis, H. Dickson, D. A. Gould, A. Livingstone, D. Lefevre, B. Kendall, G. Singh, P. Hall, J. Darling, A. N. Hamlyn, A. Patel, J. Erskine, B. Fisher, R. Hughes, C. Highton, H. Venning, R. Singer, S. Brearey, J. Sikorski, D. Paintin, J. Feehally, W. Savage, K. M. Freud, V. J. Holt, A. Gill, T. Waterston, R. d. Souza, N. Hopkinson, M. Beadsworth, A. Franks, H. Daley, P. Cullinan, A. Basarab, J. Folb, H. Gurling, P. Zinkin, S. Kirwin, E. Buhrs, R. Brown, A. West, G. Marlowe, G. Fellows, J. Main, J. Applebee, M. Koperski, P. Jones, A. Macfarlane, N. Beer, R. Mason, R. West, M. Eisner, A. Smailes, P. Timms, D. Knight, C. Jones, B. Wesby, L. Lyttelton, R. Morrison, D. Bossano, J. Walker, G. Davies, P. Godfrey, I. Wolfe, E. Nsutebu, N. Stevenson, S. Cheeroth, J. Miller, G. Johnson, R. Noor, A. Hall, D. Bostock, B. Michael, J. Sharvill, J. Macpherson, D. Lewis, R. Ma, J. Middleton,, A. Jeffreys, J. Cole, J. P. Boswell, B. Bury, S. Mitchison, A.-L. Kinmonth, G. Young, I. Maclennan, P. Munday
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An open letter to the BMA and the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges calls on them to make a joint public statement of opposition to the amended section 75 regulations
ANOTHER MEMBER OF THE DYSENTERY GROUP.
Authors: C. W. DUVAL
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Until the more recent work of Martini and Lentz, the bacillus discovered by Shiga as the cause of Japanese dysentery, the bacillus isolated later by Flexner and Strong in the Philippines, Kruse in Germany and Vedder and myself in this country were thought to be culturally identical, except for the minor inconstant differences as shown in the ordinary media then employed, which differences might be expected of individuals of the same species. Martini and Lentz, employing a mannite medium, discovered that certain of these isolations would ferment and others fail to ferment with acid production on this alcohol. Still more recent studies by workers in this country have determined other cultural differences between various isolations in their action on certain special sugars. These cultural distinctions between the bacilli are in conformity with variations in agglutination reaction; based on these important differences, we now speak of members or strains of the
89 TREATMENT OF ESTABLISHED CIRRHOSIS USING SV40 VECTOR ENCODING INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I
Authors: L. Sobrevals, A. Pa≈neda, N. Razquin, N. Juanarena, I. Monreal, G. Gonzalez, C. Rodriguez, J. Prieto, P. Fortes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Platelet activation by C1q results in the induction of alpha IIb/beta 3 integrins (GPIIb-IIIa) and the expression of P-selectin and procoagulant activity.
Authors: E I Peerschke, K B Reid, B Ghebrehiwet
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

C1q receptors (C1qR) have been identified on a variety of somatic and cultured cells including peripheral blood platelets. Since platelets are likely to encounter both circulating C1q multimers and C1q associated with the extracellular matrix after complement activation by the classical pathway, the present study was designed to assess the effect of fluid phase and immobilized C1q on platelet function. Platelet adhesion to C1q-coated surfaces was accompanied by the induction of fibrinogen receptors. Scatchard analysis of fibrinogen binding to adherent platelets revealed the binding of approximately 10,000 molecules of fibrinogen per platelet with a Kd of 0.1 +/- 0.03 microM (mean +/- SD, n = 4). Furthermore, fluid phase C1q multimers were noted to aggregate platelets at doses &amp;gt; 5 micrograms/ml. This aggregation was preceded by a rise in inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) (6.9 +/- 2.4 pmoles/10(9) platelets at 15 s, n = 4), and activation of GPIIb-IIIa complexes supporting fibrinogen binding. Platelet aggregation in response to C1q multimers was accompanied by the aspirin-inhibitable release of granule contents and P-selectin (CD62) expression. Platelet aggregation was inhibited by the collagenous domain of C1q (c-Clq) and a monoclonal antibody directed against C1q receptors, suggesting the direct involvement of the 67-kD platelet C1qR. Antibodies against the very late antigen 2 or CD36 collagen receptors were without effect. Platelet exposure to C1q multimers was also accompanied by the expression of procoagulant activity, as demonstrated by the dose-dependent shortening of the kaolin recalcification time of normal plasma from 108 +/- 12 s in the presence of unstimulated platelets to 62 +/- 14 s in the presence of platelets that had been preincubated (5 min, 37 degrees C) with 100 micrograms/ml multimeric C1q (n = 3). These data suggest that platelet interactions with C1q multimers or immobilized C1q, resulting in the activation of GPIIb-IIIa fibrinogen binding sites and the expression of P-selectin as well as platelet procoagulant activity, are likely to contribute to thrombotic events associated with complement activation and inflammation.
Pneumolysin induces release of matrix metalloproteinase-8 and -9 from human neutrophils
Authors: R. Cockeran, T. J. Mitchell, C. Feldman, R. Anderson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

The research question addressed in the current study was: does the pneumococcal pore-forming toxin, pneumolysin, mobilise matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -8 and -9 from isolated human blood neutrophils at sublytic concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 ng·mL −1 ? MMPs were measured in the supernatants of unstimulated neutrophils and of cells exposed to pneumolysin and the chemoattractant N -formyl- l -methionyl- l -leucyl- l -phenylalanine (f-MLP; 0.1 μM), individually and in combination, using ELISA procedures, and alterations in cytosolic Ca 2+ concentrations were monitored using a fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester (fura-2/AM)-based spectrofluorimetric method. Treatment of neutrophils with pneumolysin alone caused dose-related release of both MMPs, whereas f-MLP caused modest increases; the combination of both activators was, however, most effective. Pneumolysin/f-MLP-activated release of the MMPs from the cells was paralleled by increases in cytosolic Ca 2+ . Exposure of human neutrophils to pneumolysin is accompanied by mobilisation of MMPs, which is potentiated by f-MLP. If operative in vivo , pneumolysin-mediated release of MMPs from neutrophils and other cell types may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe pneumococcal disease.
815 IDENIX NS5A HCV REPLICATION INHIBITORS WITH LOW PICOMOLAR, PAN-GENOTYPIC IN VITRO ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY
Authors: C.B. Dousson, C. Chapron, D. Standring, J.P. Bilello, J. McCarville, M. La Colla, M. Seifer, C. Parsy, D. Dukhan, C. Pierra, P. Surleraux
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)