tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Haloperidol and Fluphenazine in Disturbed Children
Authors: GLORIA FARETRA, LILLIAN DOOHER, JEAN DOWLING
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The new major tranquilizer, haloperidol, was compared with fluphenazine in the treatment of disturbed children, most of them schizophrenic. While the overall effectiveness of the two drugs was similar, haloperidol appeared more effective in reducing provocativeness and autism; it also seemed to act more quickly.
Randomised trial of single and repeated fibrin glue compared with injection of polidocanol in treatment of bleeding peptic ulcer
Authors: Paul Rutgeerts, Erik Rauws, Pål Wara, Paul Swain, Anton Hoos, Eva Solleder, Jorma Halttunen, Giorgio Dobrilla, Gerhard Richter, Roland Prassler
Journal: The Lancet (1997)
MPs demand to know full cost of failed Hinchingbrooke trust franchise
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2015)

MPs have called on the government to reveal how much the failure of the first private company to run an NHS hospital will cost the taxpayer.

The parliamentary Public Accounts Committee published a report on 18 March1 as an update on the situation at Hinchingbrooke Health Care NHS Trust in Cambridge.

In February 2012 a private health company, Circle, took operational control of the trust, becoming the first such company to run an NHS hospital, but in January of this year it announced that it intended to withdraw from the contract,2 just three years into the 10 year franchise. It expects to hand back responsibility for running the trust to the NHS by the end of this month.

The Hinchingbrooke trust is a small district general hospital with nearly 1500 staff and in 2013-14 had an annual income of …
Body Iron Stores Are Associated With Serum Insulin and Blood Glucose Concentrations: Population study in 1,013 eastern Finnish men
Authors: Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Kristiina Nyyssönen, Riitita Salonen, Arja Tervahauta, Heikki Korpela, Timo Lakka, George A Kaplan, Jukka T Salonen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To study if there is an association between mildly elevated body iron and glucose homeostasis indexes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional population study was conducted in 1,013 middle-aged men, and an association of serum ferritin with concentrations of serum insulin, blood glucose, and serum fructosamine was tested. RESULTS The mean concentration of fasting serum insulin was 21.6% higher (95% CI 7.3–37.9%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) in the 5th quintile of serum ferritin compared with the 1st quintile. The elevation in blood glucose was 6.1% (95% CI 2.3–9.9%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and in serum fructosamine 3.9% (1.5–6.9%, P &amp;lt; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Mildly elevated body iron stores are associated with statistically significant elevations in glucose homeostasis indexes.
Diffusion of cytotoxic concentrations of nitric oxide generated luminally at the gastro-oesophageal junction of rats
Authors: Kiyotaka Asanuma, Katsunori Iijima, Hideaki Sugata, Shuichi Ohara, Tooru Shimosegawa, Tetsuhiko Yoshimura
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background:</b> In humans, high concentrations of nitric oxide are generated luminally at the gastro-oesophageal junction through enterosalivary recirculation of dietary nitrate. <b>Aim:</b> To investigate whether luminal nitric oxide can diffuse into the adjacent digestive tissue and alter tissue integrity. <b>Methods:</b> We designed an animal model using Wistar rats in which physiological concentrations of nitrite and acidified ascorbic acid were administered separately so that the two reactants first meet to form nitric oxide at the gastro-oesophageal junction. Luminal and tissue concentrations of nitric oxide were measured with an electrode and an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, respectively. Concentrations of glutathione in the tissue were measured as a marker of nitrosative stress. <b>Results:</b> High concentrations of luminal nitric oxide were generated locally at the gastro-oesophageal junction of nitrite administered rats, reproducing a phenomenon observed in humans. High levels of nitric oxide were also detected largely in the superficial epithelium of the gastro-oesophageal junction. The concentration of tissue glutathione at the gastro-oesophageal junction was significantly lower in nitrite administered rats compared with control rats, whereas that in the distal stomach was similar in the two rat groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> Using an animal model, this study demonstrated that nitric oxide generated in the lumen diffuses into the adjacent gastric tissue to a substantial degree, leading to localised consumption of glutathione in the tissue. Nitrosative stress induced by this mechanism may be involved in the high prevalence of inflammation and metaplasia, and subsequent development of neoplastic disease at this site.
ATLANTIC DIP: The Impact of Obesity on Pregnancy Outcome in Glucose-Tolerant Women
Authors: Lisa A. Owens, Eoin P. O'Sullivan, Breeda Kirwan, Gloria Avalos, Geraldine Gaffney, Fidelma Dunne
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE A prospective study of the impact of obesity on pregnancy outcome in glucose-tolerant women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Irish Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy network advocates universal screening for gestational diabetes. Women with normoglycemia and a recorded booking BMI were included. Maternal and infant outcomes correlated with booking BMI are reported. RESULTS A total of 2,329 women fulfilled the criteria. Caesarean deliveries increased in overweight (OW) (odds ratio 1.57 [95% CI 1.24-1.98]) and obese (OB) (2.65 [2.03-3.46]) women. Hypertensive disorders increased in OW (2.30 [1.55-3.40]) and OB (3.29 [2.14-5.05]) women. Reported miscarriages increased in OB (1.4 [1.11-1.77]) women. Mean birth weight was 3.46 kg in normal BMI (NBMI), 3.54 kg in OW, and 3.62 kg in OB (P < 0.01) mothers. Macrosomia occurred in 15.5, 21.4, and 27.8% of babies of NBMI, OW, and OB mothers, respectively (P < 0.01). Shoulder dystocia occur in 4% (>4 kg) compared with 0.2% (<4 kg) babies (P < 0.01). Congenital malformation risk increased for OB (2.47 [1.09-5.60]) women. CONCLUSIONS OW and OB glucose-tolerant women have greater adverse pregnancy outcomes.
If England's cancer care was as good as the best in Europe 10 000 deaths would be avoided
Authors: A. O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Around 10 000 people with cancer who die in England each year could survive if they lived in the “best” European country, officials from the Department of Health have admitted.

Officials giving evidence to MPs on the parliamentary public accounts committee on 7 December said that despite progress in improving cancer services in recent years, England still lagged behind some European countries.

The committee was holding an evidence session as part of its inquiry into the National Audit Office report Delivering the Cancer Reform Strategy , published in November.

That report studied how cancer services have changed in England since the Department of Health’s The NHS Cancer Plan was published in …
TEMPORAL COURSE OF VESSEL HEALING AFTER EVEROLIMUS–ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Hiromasa Otake, Toshiro Shinke, Masayuki Nakagawa, Hirotoshi Hariki, Takumi Inoue, Yu Taniguchi, Ryo Nishio, Tsuyoshi Ohsue, Ken–ichi Hirata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Weekly Infusional High-Dose Fluorouracil (HD-FU), HD-FU Plus Folinic Acid (HD-FU/FA), or HD-FU/FA Plus Biweekly Cisplatin in Advanced Gastric Cancer: Randomized Phase II Trial 40953 of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Group and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie
Authors: Manfred P. Lutz, Hansjochen Wilke, D.J. Theo Wagener, Udo Vanhoefer, Krzysztof Jeziorski, Susanna Hegewisch-Becker, Leopold Balleisen, Eric Joossens, Rob L. Jansen, Muriel Debois, Ullrich Bethe, Michel Praet, Jacques Wils, Eric Van Cutsem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

This multicentric, randomized, two-stage phase II trial evaluated three simplified weekly infusional regimens of fluorouracil (FU) or FU plus folinic acid (FA) and cisplatin (Cis) with the aim to select a regimen for future phase III trials.A total of 145 patients with advanced gastric cancer where randomly assigned to weekly FU 3,000 mg/m2/24 hours (HD-FU), FU 2,600 mg/m2/24 hours plus dl-FA 500 mg/m2 or l-FA 250 mg/m2 (HD-FU/FA), or FU 2000 mg/m2/24 hours plus FA plus biweekly Cis 50 mg/m2, each administered for 6 weeks with a 1-week rest. The primary end point was the response rate.Confirmed responses were observed in 6.1% (two of 33) of the eligible patients treated with HD-FU, in 25% (12 of 48, including one complete remission [CR]) with HD-FU/FA, and in 45.7% (21 of 46, including four CRs) with HD-FU/FA/Cis. The HD-FU arm was closed after stage 1 because the required minimum number of responses was not met. The median progression-free survival of all patients in the HD-FU, HD-FU/FA, and HD-FU/FA/Cis arm was 1.9, 4.0, and 6.1 months, respectively. The median overall survival was 7.1, 8.9, and 9.7 months, and the survival rate at 1 year was 24.3%, 30.3%, and 45.3%, respectively. Grade 4 toxicities were rare. The most relevant grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia in 1.9%, 5.4%, and 19.6%, and diarrhea in 2.7%, 1.9%, and 3.9% of the cycles in the HD-FU, HD-FU/FA, and HD-/FU/Cis arms, respectively.Weekly infusional FU/FA plus biweekly Cis is effective and safe in patients with gastric cancer.
Long-Term Effects of Spironolactone in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Yasuhiko Ito, Masashi Mizuno, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Hirofumi Tamai, Takeyuki Hiramatsu, Hiroshige Ohashi, Isao Ito, Hirotake Kasuga, Masanobu Horie, Shoichi Maruyama, Yukio Yuzawa, Tatsuaki Matsubara, Seiichi Matsuo
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

ESRD treated with dialysis is associated with increased left ventricular hypertrophy, which, in turn, is related to high mortality. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists improve survival in patients with chronic heart failure; however, the effects in patients undergoing dialysis remain uncertain. We conducted a multicenter, open-label, prospective, randomized trial with 158 patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist and undergoing peritoneal dialysis with and without (control group) spironolactone for 2 years. As a primary endpoint, rate of change in left ventricular mass index assessed by echocardiography improved significantly at 6 (P=0.03), 18 (P=0.004), and 24 (P=0.01) months in patients taking spironolactone compared with the control group. Rate of change in left ventricular ejection fraction improved significantly at 24 weeks with spironolactone compared with nontreatment (P=0.02). The benefits of spironolactone were clear in patients with reduced residual renal function. As secondary endpoints, renal Kt/V and dialysate-to-plasma creatinine ratio did not differ significantly between groups during the observation period. No serious adverse effects, such as hyperkalemia, occurred. In this trial, spironolactone prevented cardiac hypertrophy and decreases in left ventricular ejection fraction in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, without significant adverse effects. Further studies, including those to determine relative effectiveness in women and men and to evaluate additional secondary endpoints, should confirm these data in a larger cohort.
Should we screen for depression?
Authors: Simon Gilbody, Trevor Sheldon, Simon Wessely
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The quality and outcomes framework will soon reward primary care doctors who screen for depression in England and Wales. This article scrutinises the rationale and evidence to support such screening

> “All screening programmes do harm; some do good as well.” 

Depression is common in primary care and hospital settings, but it is often not recognised by healthcare professionals.2 3 This has led to calls for screening programmes to aid detection and management.4 We use the criteria of the UK National Screening Committee to judge whether screening would do more good than harm.5 We drew on our experience in preparing a Cochrane review of the evidence for screening for depression.6

In the United States screening for common mental health problems is thought to be effective and is a cornerstone of the agenda to improve mental health; population level screening programmes are supported by the drug industry.7 w1 w2 Similar national programmes have been advocated in Australia.w3 In England and Wales, screening has been supported more cautiously by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), which recommends that it should be offered to people at high risk of depression.w4 Screening may become health policy in England and Wales, since primary care doctors will be rewarded for “enhanced services for depression” within the quality and outcomes framework (QOF), which will include a screening programme.w5

In the past screening programmes have been implemented without due consideration of their effectiveness, their ethical and clinical implications, and their impact on finite healthcare resources.8 w6 Consequently, the National Screening Committee has been established in the United Kingdom; this committee works to specific criteria to help ensure that screening “does more good than harm.”5 These criteria pertain to the condition, the test, the treatment, and the …
Megaloblastic anaemia and methotrexate treatment
Authors: R.A. Fulton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Megaloblastic anaemia and methotrexate treatment Get access R.A. Fulton R.A. Fulton Dermatology Department, Altnagelvin Hospital, Londonderry BT47 IJB, Northern Ireland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 114, Issue 2, 1 February 1986, Pages 267–268, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02812.x Published: 01 February 1986
Dendritic cells star in Vancouver
Authors: Eynav Klechevsky, Hiroki Kato, Anne-Marit Sponaas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

The fast-moving field of dendritic cell (DC) biology is hard to keep pace with. Here we report on advances from the recent Keystone Symposium, “Dendritic Cells at the Center of Innate and Adaptive Immunity,” organized in Vancouver, BC on Feb. 1–7, 2005 by Anne O'Garra, Jacques Banchereau, and Alan Sher. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of DC function and their influence on immune regulation, their role in infectious and autoimmune disease, and new clinical applications are highlighted.
Extrarenal clearance of oxalate increases with progression of renal failure in the rat.
Authors: J F Costello, M Smith, C Stolarski, M J Sadovnic
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1992)

Oxalic acid is an end product of metabolism, and no significant degradation of oxalate occurs in mammals. The sole route of oxalate excretion is believed to be via the kidney. The extrarenal clearance of oxalate in control rats (N = 16) and in 5/6 nephrectomized rats (N = 25) with renal insufficiency was investigated. [14C]oxalic acid, approximately 2 microCi/day, was infused sc by a mini osmotic pump over 4 days. Excretion of 14C was measured in urine, in feces, and in expired CO2. The 14C content of kidney, heart, liver, muscle and bone was also determined at the time the animals were killed. Plasma oxalate was determined by an enzymatic method and by an isotopic dilution procedure. Creatinine clearance in the controls was 1.82 +/- 0.1 mL/min (mean +/- SE) compared with 0.31 +/- 0.04 mL/min (P < 0.0005) in the nephrectomized rats. Plasma oxalate was 5.6 +/- 0.6 mumol/L in controls and 27.0 +/- 3.9 (mean +/- SE; N = 24) in nephrectomized animals (P < 0.0005). The total 14C recovered in urine, feces, and CO2 combined was similar in both groups. The 14C excreted in the feces over the 4-day period was 27.8 +/- 1.5% (of the 14C recovered) in rats with renal failure and 6.5 +/- 0.5% in controls (P < 0.0005). Percent fecal 14C excretion in nephrectomized rats was inversely correlated with creatinine clearance (r = 0.80; P < 0.0001) and directly correlated with plasma oxalate (r = 0.66; P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intensive Diabetes Management for High-Risk Patients: How Best to Deliver?
Authors: Sally M. Marshall
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria or more advanced chronic kidney disease are at extremely high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with the risk of both increasing as kidney disease progresses. CVD and renal disease share many risk factors. The Steno-2 study demonstrated that intensive structured care, targeting these risk factors aggressively, slowed progression of nephropathy and retinopathy and reduced cardiovascular death in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria by 40–60% (1–3).

In this issue of Diabetes Care , Chan et al. (4), for the Structured Versus Usual Care on Renal Endpoint in Type 2 Diabetes (SURE) Study Group, provide further evidence of the benefits of intensive target-driven care and raise questions as to how best to deliver such care. They compared structured care, including a predefined protocol and tight treatment targets delivered by a diabetologist-led specialist team, with usual care, delivered by specialists or nonspecialists. The study was conducted in nine hospitals; 205 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 35–75 years with plasma creatinine 150–350 μmol/l, were randomized, and 167 completed the 2-year study. The main reasons for withdrawal included death ( n = 19) and referral to nephrology for dialysis ( n = 14). The number of patients reaching the primary end point (death or ESRD, defined as a need for dialysis or having plasma creatinine ≥500 μmol/l) was similar in the two groups, as was the number of clinical events, hospital admissions, and emergency room visits. However, after 2 years, the structured care group had lower diastolic blood pressure and A1C and was more likely to attain ≥3 treatment goals than was the usual care group (61% [ n = 63] vs. 28% [ n = 28], …
Dietary Fat and Postmenopausal Invasive Breast Cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort
Authors: A. C. M. Thiebaut, V. Kipnis, S.-C. Chang, A. F. Subar, F. E. Thompson, P. S. Rosenberg, A. R. Hollenbeck, M. Leitzmann, A. Schatzkin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

BackgroundAlthough ecologic association and animal studies support a direct effect of dietary fat on the development of breast cancer, results of epidemiologic studies have been inconclusive.
Nonparenchymal Cells Cultivated from Explants of Fibrotic Liver Resemble Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells from Blood Vessel Walls
Authors: Bruno Voss, Jürgen Rauterberg, Gerhard Pott, Ute Brehmer, Salah Allam, Rolf Lehmann, Dirk B. V. Bassewitz
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

Tissue specimens from human fibrotic liver obtained by needle biopsy were cultured. Two cell types emerged from the tissue explants. From their morphology and biosynthetic products they resembled smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells from blood vessel walls. In the “endothelial” cells, factor VIII-associated protein was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. Synthesis of collagen types I and III, basement membrane collagen types IV and V, and fibronectin by both cell types was observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Homogeneous cultures of “smooth muscle cells” were observed in subcultures. After incubation with [ 14 C]glycine, collagen was isolated and characterized by CM cellulose chromatography, and consisted mainly of types I and III. These data suggest involvement of mesenchymal cells in hepatic fibrosis; they presumably originate from blood vessel or sinusoidal walls.
Prescribing indicators for UK general practice: Delphi consultation study
Authors: S. M Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To identify prescribing indicators based on prescribing analysis and cost (PACT) data that have face validity for measuring quality or cost minimisation. <b>Design:</b> Modified two round Delphi questionnaire requiring quantitative and qualitative answers. <b>Setting:</b> Health authorities in England. <b>Participants:</b> All health authority medical and pharmaceutical advisers in the first round and lead prescribing advisers for each health authority in the second round. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Face validity (median rating of 7–9 on a nine point scale without disagreement) and reliability (rating 8 or 9) of indicators for assessing quality and cost minimisation. <b>Results:</b> Completed second round questionnaires were received from 79 respondents out of 99. The median rating was 7 for cost minimisation and 6 for quality, and in all except four cases individual respondents rated indicators significantly higher for cost than for quality. Of the 41 indicators tested, only seven were rated valid and reliable for cost minimisation and five for quality. <b>Conclusion:</b> The 12 indicators rated as valid by leading prescribing advisers had a narrow focus and would allow only a limited examination of prescribing at a general practice, primary care group, or health authority level.
Trouble-making NKT cells
Authors: Heather L. Van Epps
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

The dark side of NKT cells is revealed in a new study showing that they contribute to autoimmune arthritis in mice. On page 41, Kim et al. find that arthritis is worse in joints that are invaded by NKT cells.






Figure 

NKT cells aggravate arthritis by blocking TGF-β.




NKT cells are innate immune cells that express both NK and T cell markers, and are protective in many other models of autoimmune disease. The authors tested NKT function in K/BxN mice—an established model of rheumatoid arthritis. These mice spontaneously develop a progressive inflammatory disease that is caused by the deposition of autoantibodies in joints. Disease can be transferred to healthy recipient mice by injecting them with K/BxN serum.Kim et al. now show that mice lacking NKT cells develop only mild joint inflammation when given K/BxN serum. This protection was reversed if the deficient mice were reconstituted with NKT cells.

The nonarthritic mice lacking NKT cells had high levels of TGF-β1 in their joints, which dropped as soon as the NKT cells arrived on the scene. Blocking TGF-β1 in the same NKT cell–deficient mice increased joint swelling, suggesting a protective role for this cytokine. Suppression of TGF-β1 production depended on the ability of the NKT cells to produce both IL-4 and IFN-γ.

Many questions remain unanswered. Future studies might reveal which cells produce the TGF-β1 in the joints, how TGF-β1 prevents arthritis, what attracts NKT cells to the joint, and how NKT cells suppress TGF-β1 production.
A dose-response study of nilotinib and imatinib in experimental pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Marie-Camille Chaumais, Frederic Perros, Mathieu Molimard, Stephane Bouchet, Peter Dorfmuller, Christophe Guignabert, Sylvia Cohen-Kaminsky, Marc Humbert, David Montani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and c-kit are involved in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting PDGF receptors and c-kit such as imatinib (Im) and nilotinib (Nil) are currently tested in PH.  Aims and objectives:To test the efficacy of Nil and Im in experimental PH.  Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were analyzed, corresponding to controls (Cont), animals exposed to MCT, MCT and treated with Im at 50 or 100 mg/Kg/j (MCT+Im50-MCT+Im100), MCT and treated with Nil at 40, 80 or 120 mg/Kg/j (MCT+Nil40-MCT+Nil80-MCT+Nil120). TKI were administered from day 21 to 35 after MCT. Serum kinetics concentrations (SKC) of TKI were performed at day 28. At day 35 hemodynamic parameters, right cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodelling were studied.  Results: SCK showed that Im50,Nil40 and Nil80 corresponded to human drug concentrations. A dose-response improvement in hemodynamic parameters and medial wall thickness was observed with Im and Nil.  Conclusion: Dose-dependent improvements of experimental PH are observed with Nil and Im.