tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Case-Control Investigation of Perinatal Risk Factors for Childhood IDDM in Northern Ireland and Scotland
Authors: Christopher C Patterson, Dennis J Carson, David R Hadden, Norman R Waugh, Susan K Cole
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To identify perinatal risk factors for childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and determine if they differ between early-onset and lateonset disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We selected 258 diabetic children in Northern Ireland and 271 diabetic children in Scotland from population-based registers. For each diabetic child, five matched control subjects were drawn from the same population. All perinatal data were recorded routinely at birth. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for parental age, social class, breast-feeding, deprivation measures, and other perinatal variables. RESULTS Scottish data indicated an increased risk among children born to older mothers (OR = 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49–3.97 for mothers &amp;gt;35 years of age relative to those &amp;lt;25 years of age). Northern Ireland data showed no such effect. Only Northern Ireland data showed an excess risk in children of professional or managerial families (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.11–2.04). A small but nonsignificant reduction in risk among breast-fed children was observed only after adjustment for social class (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.54–1.07). Deprivation measures were associated with reductions in risk. Children delivered by cesarean section were at increased risk in both Northern Ireland (OR = 1.66,95% CI 1.10–2.50) and Scottish (OR = 1.70,95% CI 1.12–2.59) data. In Northern Ireland data only, children of first pregnancies were at increased risk (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.03–1.93). Both data sets indicated that a first pregnancy was a more important risk factor for early-onset disease than for late-onset disease. CONCLUSIONS Many reported risk factors are weak and show inconsistencies between studies. They may be secondary to more direct, as-yet-undiscovered risk factors. Although irrelevant in the majority of cases, the increased risk associated with delivery by cesarean section deserves further study.
Folate-linked lipoplexes for short hairpin RNA targeting claudin-3 delivery in ovarian cancer xenografts
Authors: Zhi-Yao He, Xia-Wei Wei, Min Luo, Shun-Tao Luo, Yang Yang, Yi-Yi Yu, Yan Chen, Cui-Cui Ma, Xiao Liang, Fu-Chun Guo, Ting-Hong Ye, Hua-Shan Shi, Guo-Bo Shen, Wei Wang, Feng-Ming Gong, Gu He, Li Yang, Xia Zhao, Xiang-Rong Song, Yu-Quan Wei
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Does My Patient Have Clostridium difficile Infection?
Authors: Lance R. Peterson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) seems to be changing—with increasing virulence and incidence, more resistance to metronidazole, and worse outcomes. Accurate diagnosis is critical, but 3 common misconceptions lead to misdiagnosis: Clostridium difficile infection is a possibility when the patient has fewer than 3 loose stools per day; the glutamate dehydrogenase test for CDI is sensitive and thus is a good initial test; and repeating an insensitive laboratory test for CDI is useful. These misconceptions can lead to missed diagnoses (for example, when tests with low sensitivity are used) and to false diagnoses (for example, when tests are done in patients who are unlikely to have CDI because they have minimal diarrhea or negative results on recent tests). Diagnoses of CDI will be more accurate if clinicians use tests with a higher sensitivity, reduce the frequency of testing for a single episode of diarrhea, and give more attention to key elements of the patient's history.
The yin, the yang, and the Angiopoietin-1
Authors: Pipsa Saharinen, Kari Alitalo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Twenty years after the discovery of the vascular endothelial Tie receptor tyrosine kinases and 15 years after the discovery of the Tie2 ligand, angiopoietin-1 (Angpt1, also known as Ang1), a study published in the current issue of the JCI reveals an unexpected loss-of-function phenotype of mice conditionally deleted of the Angpt1 gene. The results suggest that Angpt1 is needed as a vascular stabilizing factor that organizes and limits the angiogenesis response and protects from pathological consequences, such as tissue fibrosis.
45. Adenoviral Gene Transfer of SERCA2a Restores Mechanical and Energetic Left-Ventricular Function in Spontaneously Diabetic Rats
Authors: Susumu Sakata, Yuri Sakata, Elie R. Chemaly, Prabhu M. Padmanabhan, Djamel Lebeche, Miyako Takaki, Federica delMonte, Roger J. Hajjar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
A STUDY OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN STRUCTURE
Authors: R. Quattrocchi, D. Cioli, C. Baglioni
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

102 human Bence Jones proteins have been purified by gel filtration, digested with trypsin, and analyzed by peptide mapping. In several cases Bence Jones "fragments", corresponding to the variable half of the corresponding proteins, were observed. The peptide maps of the proteins were compared to establish whether any identical proteins were present in the sample analyzed. No Bence Jones protein showed a peptide map identical to that of any other protein, although remarkable similarities in the peptide maps were observed for some proteins. Two proteins that gave very similar peptide maps were then examined in detail, by purifying and analyzing the tryptic peptides. It was then found that these two proteins differ in amino acid sequence in at least six positions. The probability of not finding two identical sequences by examining a sample extracted from populations of light chains of different sizes has been calculated. This has led to an estimate of the minimal size of the population of light chain sequences in humans. The number of light chain sequences appears to be at least a few thousand. Information on the frequency of Inv and Oz antigenic determinants and on the relative frequency of subtypes of K chains has been obtained. Proteins of KI subtype are found most frequently. The possibility that different subtypes may be predominant in different species is discussed in relation to the evolutionary arguments used in favor of the somatic theories on the origin of variability of immunoglobulin chains.
Anticoagulants and Intrauterine-Device Insertion-Reply
Authors: Alan J. Winters
Journal: JAMA (1979)

I read the comments of Dr Singer with great interest. Because of disunity of the patient's care among several institutions, no clotting studies were obtained. I cannot say, however, that the persistent bleeding was not related to puncture of the uterus with the sound in the presence of anticoagulants. Although surgery is performed frequently on patients receiving anticoagulant agents, bleeding points are ligated or electrocoagulated. In this instance, a uterine puncture that would have stopped bleeding spontaneously, as evidenced by common experience with punctures during routine curettages, did not stop bleeding for 72 hours, and the only outstanding factor was the administration of anticoagulant medication. Therefore, I believe that anticoagulation constitutes a relative contraindication for intrauterine-device insertion.
Transforming growth factor-β1 suppresses hepatitis B virus replication primarily through transcriptional inhibition of pregenomic RNA
Authors: Yu-Chi Chou, Mong-Liang Chen, Cheng-Po Hu, Ya-Ling Chen, Chin-Liew Chong, Yue-Lin Tsai, Tzu-Ling Liu, King-Song Jeng, Chungming Chang
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Transforming growth factor–beta1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with pivotal roles in the regulation of cellular functions and immune responses. In this study, we found that TGF-β1 was able to effectively suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. In the presence of TGF-β1, the level of viral replicative intermediates was dramatically decreased, both in actively dividing cells and in confluent cells. At the same time, the levels of viral transcripts, core protein, and nucleocapsid were significantly diminished by TGF-β1 treatment. Interestingly, the inhibitory activity of TGF-β1 was associated with preferential reduction of the level of pregenomic RNA compared with pre-C mRNA. Further analysis indicated that TGF-β1 might exert its antiviral effect primarily through reducing expression of the HBV core protein by transcriptional regulation instead of posttranscriptional modification. Conclusion: TGF-β1 may play a dual role in HBV infection, in the suppression of immune responses against viral infection and in the direct inhibition of viral replication, resulting in minimization of liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis. (Hepatology 2007.)
Chest Pain and the Esophagus
Authors: Ole Frobert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 May 1997Chest Pain and the EsophagusOle Frobert, MD, PhD, Peter Funch-Jensen, MD, DSc, and Jens P. Bagger, MD, DScOle Frobert, MD, PhDSkejby University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkHvidovre Hospital, DK-2650 Hvidovre, DenmarkSt. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom, Peter Funch-Jensen, MD, DScSkejby University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkHvidovre Hospital, DK-2650 Hvidovre, DenmarkSt. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom, and Jens P. Bagger, MD, DScSkejby University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkHvidovre Hospital, DK-2650 Hvidovre, DenmarkSt. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, United KingdomAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-9-199705010-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:With respect to reflux, quite a few of our patients had dyspeptic symptoms, but this reached statistical significance only in the case of dysphagia. Only one patient received omeprazole at study entry. We admit that patients with overt gastrointestinal symptoms were probably referred to a gastroenterologic center, but it is unlikely that patients with severe chest pain were not evaluated in the cardiac clinic and thus were not possible candidates for our study.Because many variables can be extracted from 24-hour multiple-channel esophageal monitoring, it will always be possible to find single patients who exceed the mean ± ...References1. Orr WC. The physiology and philosophy of cause and effect. Gastroenterology. 1994; 107:1898-901. Google Scholar2. Hick DG, Morrison JF, Casey JF, al-Ashhab W, Williams GJ, Davies GA. Oesophageal motility, luminal pH, and electrocardiographic ST segment analysis during spontaneous episodes of angina like chest pain. Gut. 1992; 33:79-86. Google Scholar3. Soffer EE, Scalabrini P, Wingate DL. Spontaneous noncardiac chest pain: value of ambulatory esophageal pH and motility monitoring. Dig Dis Sci. 1989; 34:1651-5. Google Scholar4. Frobert O, Arendt-Nielsen L, Bak P, Funch-Jensen P, Bagger JP. Pain perception and brain evoked potentials in patients with angina despite normal coronary angiograms. Heart. 1996; 75:436-41. Google Scholar5. Rasmussen K, Ravnsbaek J, Funch-Jensen P, Bagger JP. Oesophageal spasm in patients with coronary artery spasm. Lancet. 1986; 1:174-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Skejby University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, DenmarkHvidovre Hospital, DK-2650 Hvidovre, DenmarkSt. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byClinical Risk Assessment in Women 1 May 1997Volume 126, Issue 9Page: 740-741KeywordsAnginaDrugsDysphagiaEsophagusIschemiaPerceptionRandomized trials Issue Published: 1 May 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
P2-242: First-line treatment with vinorelbine (VRL) plus cisplatin (CDDP) for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Molecular correlates
Authors: Blanca Cantos, Ramon de las Penas, Ana Blasco, Manuel Cobo, Bartomeu Massuti, Ulpiano Jimenez, Juan Lao, Ramon Palmero, Miquel Taron, Rafael Rosell
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Sonic Hedgehog–Regulated Oligodendrocyte Lineage Genes Encoding bHLH Proteins in the Mammalian Central Nervous System
Authors: Q.Richard Lu, Dong-in Yuk, John A Alberta, Zhimin Zhu, Inka Pawlitzky, Joanne Chan, Andrew P McMahon, Charles D Stiles, David H Rowitch
Journal: Neuron (2000)
Say no to the market
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2006)

How representative is the BMA's annual representative meeting? If it is representative, there's an astonishing consensus among UK doctors about the health service we want. Last week's meeting in Belfast stopped short of affiliating with “Keep our NHS public”—a pressure group founded last year because of “an urgent need to defend the NHS” (see news on bmj.com). But there was no mistaking the passion among BMA representatives for a publicly funded, freely available national health service.

A few people spoke against funding through general taxation, pointing to the European social insurance model, which delivers higher quality care, …
Anomalies of the Vas Deferens
Authors: John A. Hutch
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Now that vasectomy is being done by so many non-urologists, it seems timely to discuss the anomalies of the vas that are occasionally encountered, such as congenital absence, atresia, or complete duplication.  While performing a recent vasectomy, I identified the right vas and ligated it normally. The left testicle was normal but no vas could be palpated above it. The patient then reminded me that I had done a urological work-up on him 12 years before and had told him that he had no kidney on the left side. The patient's record showed congenital absence of the kidney, ureter, ureteral orifice, and trigone on the left side. Six weeks after the unilateral vasectomy, the patient's ejaculate contained no sperm.  A general practitioner in our area encountered the same situation while performing a vasectomy. An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) showed that the patient had no kidney on the side
Familial Aggregation of Medial Arterial Calcification in Pima Indians With and Without Diabetes
Authors: K M Venkat Narayan, David J Pettitt, Robert L Hanson, Peter H Bennett, Richard J Fernandes, Maximilian De Courten, Frederick A Rose, William C Knowler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE Little is known about medial arterial calcification (MAC) other than its association with age, sex, diabetes, and diabetes complications. Familial aggregation of this disorder was studied to determine the importance of potential genetic factors and to assess whether such familial aggregation was independent of that of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Members of 1,256 Pima Indian nuclear families with 3,339 offspring were examined radiologically for MAC of the feet. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to compare the presence of the disorder in a parent with the presence of MAC in an offspring and to determine whether familial aggregation of MAC was independent of parental diabetes. RESULTS Controlled for age, sex, diabetes, serum cholesterol, and blood pressure, offspring of one parent with MAC had 3.3 (95% CI 1.5–7.6) times the odds of MAC as did offspring of parents without MAC, and offspring with both parents affected had an even higher risk (odds ratio, 8.1; 95% CI 3.4–18.8). Controlled for offspring age and sex and for parental age and diabetes, parental MAC was associated with the disorder in offspring (P &amp;lt; 0.001), but the effect of parental diabetes on MAC in the offspring was not significant when controlled for parental MAC (P = 0.36). Furthermore, offspring of nondiabetic parents with MAC, controlled for age, sex, diabetes, and diabetes duration, had 1.7 (95% CI 0.9–3.1) times the odds of MAC than did offspring of diabetic parents with MAC. CONCLUSIONS Independent of parental age and diabetes and offspring age, sex, diabetes, and diabetes complications, parental MAC confers an increased risk of MAC in offspring. These findings suggest that the factors responsible for the familial clustering of MAC may be different from those for diabetes.
The Rosette Inhibition Test in Skin-grafted Patients
Authors: H. M. Chapel, J. R. Batchelor
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The rosette inhibition test was performed on lymphocytes from five patients who received viable allogeneic skin grafts after a severe burn injury. Serial tests were done to ascertain whether a change in the minimal inhibitory concentration of antihuman lymphocyte globulin needed to inhibit rosette formation by 25% was specifically associated with rejection of such a graft. No such change was observed.
The 1986 Year Book of Sports Medicine
Authors: Roger Ramsbottom
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1988)

One criticism of this book is that it is difficult to decide to whom to recommend it.It begins as though very much aimed at the lay person, using the analogy of a car engine to illustrate the energy needs of the body.It quickly progresses to a detailed scientific description of the various sources of energy supply, oxygen utilisation and heat regulation, for which feel that a certain amount of basic science knowledge is necessary.The book is presented as a series of questions which are then discussed, but it also involves the student throughout in a study of his or her own performance, by means of a series of step by step calculations accompanying the text.This seems to be a novel and effective way of putting the knowledge to immediate and practical use which should help to reinforce the learning process.Once over the hump of the apparently lay approach it should prove a useful book for both medical students and those doctors whose physiological education has grown rusty.It must also appeal to the keen endurance athlete who wants to learn more about their function and in particular to their coach.It is a cheerful and practical text book that certainly helps you to make much more sense of the readout from the British Olympic Medical Centre.Two minor points; it does not have a detailed index, but the chapter index should guide you to the area you want.Proof readers are obviously a dying breed, it abounds with spelling mistakes, but it is far from alone in that.
Homozygous Hemoglobin C
Authors: Douglas W. Terry, Arno G. Motulsky, Charles E. Rath
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

FIVE separate types of human hemoglobin have been described.¶ These have been differentiated by variations in certain physicochemical properties.2 3 4 5 They are classified according to the accepted system of nomenclature6 as Type A (normal adult), S (sickle cell), F (fetal) and two more recently recognized abnormal varieties (C and D).¶Types A, S and C hemoglobin are readily differentiated by relative mobilities in an electric field. The electrophoretic mobility of Type D hemoglobin is similar to that of Type S hemoglobin, from which it can be differentiated by solubility studies.5 Type F hemoglobin has an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of . . .
EMPIRICISM IN DERMATOLOGIC THERAPEUTICS
Authors: M. L. RAVITCH
Journal: JAMA (1913)

While, for the last decade, we have made wonderful strides in medicine, and while we are expected to treat diseases with scientific exactness, empiricism is as rampant as ever. Let an enterprising pharmaceutical house bring forward a remedy for a certain disease and advertise it in a pseudoscientific way, and the profession will not fail to adopt and use it until another advertised remedy displaces it. It does not matter whether it be a revived old remedy, a new one, or an old one dressed in a new garb; whether it be a chemical or an animal extract, a heterogeneous vaccine, the profession is always ready to welcome the new medicinal recruit and give it a place in its multitudinous armamentarium. We, somehow, do not trust our old medicinal agents. We are, like our Mexican neighbors, always dissatisfied with medicinal leaders and often have our own little revolutions. Wherein lies
Why Do Bilioduodenal Plastic Stents Become Occluded? A Clinical and Pathological Investigation on 100 Consecutive Patients
Authors: U. Weickert, T. Venzke, J. König, J. Janssen, K. Remberger, L. Greiner
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

The main complication associated with biliary stenting is stent occlusion. This study tested the hypothesis that bilioduodenal reflux may play a crucial role in stent clogging.Plastic stents in 100 consecutive patients with various biliary disorders were investigated macroscopically and cytologically.In 37 patients with elective stent extraction, the only risk factor for stent occlusion was the duration of stenting. Plant material was found as a consequence of duodenobiliary reflux in 38 of the 89 stents with any stent content. In patients who had two stents, the stent content was identical in eight of 14 cases.In addition to other mechanisms of biliary stent occlusion, duodenobiliary reflux appears to play an important role. A stent design capable of at least partly preventing this type of reflux might be of clinical benefit.
Two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of the aorta in infants and children with congenital heart disease.
Authors: J C Huhta, H P Gutgesell, L A Latson, F D Huffines
Journal: Circulation (1984)

To determine the accuracy of two-dimensional echocardiography in the identification of congenital anomalies of the aorta, we compared two-dimensional echocardiographic with angiographic results in 261 consecutive infants and children with congenital heart disease (age 1 day to 20 years, mean 3.3 years). Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed and interpreted without knowledge of angiographic results. Complete visualization of the ascending and descending aorta and aortic arch branches was possible by two-dimensional echocardiographic examination in suprasternal, parasternal, and subcostal views of 255 patients (98%). Identification of the esophagus during swallowing aided the diagnosis of anatomic characteristics of aortic arch. One or more significant aortic arch anomalies were present on angiograms of 116 of 255 patients (46%) and were detected by two-dimensional echocardiography in 110 (sensitivity 95%, 99% specificity). Anomalies detected by two-dimensional echocardiography/angiography were ascending aorta hypoplasia in four/four, truncus arteriosus three/three, right aortic arch 31/31, anomalous subclavian artery 11/16, coarctation 27/29, and patent ductus arteriosus 53/57. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography can be used to determine the anatomy of the aorta in most infants and children. In selected patients, two-dimensional echocardiography may eliminate the need for angiographic examination before surgery for congenital heart disease.
NOTES ON DOUBLE CERVICAL RIB, WITH AN ILLUSTRATIVE CASE
Authors: R. Donaldson
Journal: BMJ (1909)

As some attention has recently been paid, especially 4broad, to this condition, probably stimulated thereto by the availability of Roentgen rays as an aid towards -diagnosis, the following case which came under my notice -is not without interest as showing some of the evils attendant on-this condition, and the benefit to be derived lrom operation.The patient, an unmarried female, aged 22, residing in the Nokth of Scotland, complained of a dull, aching pain in the left -shoulder and armpit, weakness in the left arm, and numbness fter prolonged use.She also complained of a deformity in the meck, due to the presence of a lump.History.
Anaphylactic Shock Due to Oral Demethylchlortetracycline
Authors: WARREN W. FUREY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A 34-year-old physician had a severe anaphylactic reaction to self-administered oral demethylchlortetracycline. Unexpected abnormalities were found on the electrocardiogram and were thought to be a part of the anaphylactic shock picture. This is only the third reported episode of anaphylaxis after the use of demethylchlortetracycline.