tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Leukaemia after Exposure to Diagnostic Radiation in Utero
Authors: W. M. C. Brown, R. Doll, A. B. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Evidence of the leukemogenic effect on the fetus of exposure to ionizing radiations in utero has been sought by comparing the leukemia mortality in a group of children whose mothers were known to have been irradiated during the relevant pregnancy with that expected from the corresponding sex-and-age specific national mortality rates. Pregnant women who received diagnostic irradiation directed toward their abdomen or pelvis between 1945 and 1956 were identified in the records of the radiological departments of eight hospitals in London and Edlinburgh. Information about the date of birth and sex of the child was obtained from the corresponding maternity records. If the child left the hospital alive, his full name and the first names of his father were obtained from the local register or, in a few instances, from the Central Register of Births. The children who had died of leukemia were discovered by comparing the children's names with the list of names of all the children who had died of leukemia in Britain between 1945 and 1958. Altogether information was obtained about 39,166 liveborn children whose mothers were known to have been subjected to abdominal or pelvic irradiation during their pregnancy. Among their children, nine were discovered tomore » have died of leukemia before the end of 1958. The expected number was estimated to be l0.5, There was no evidence of any disproportionate occurrence of leukemia among the children who had been most heavily irradiated nor among the children who had been irradiated early in intrauterine life. Published data on the leukemogenic effect of irradiation in utero are conflicting. It is concluded that an increase of leukemia among children due to radiographic examination of their mother's abdomen during the relevant pregnancy is not established. (auth)« less
THE LOSS OF PHENOTYPIC TRAITS BY DIFFERENTIATED CELLS
Authors: S. Chacko, J. Abbott, S. Holtzer, H. Holtzer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

A single, functional, mitotically quiescent chondrocyte may be induced to reenter the mitotic cyde, and produce a progeny of over 10(11) cells. Sessile, adherent, polygonal cells deposit matrix, whereas amoeboid, dispersed, flattened fibroblastic cells do not. The prior synthetic history of a cell is of greater importance in determining whether the characteristic chondrogenic phenotype will be expressed, rather than growth in "permissive" or "nonpermissive" medium. Clonal conditions select for stem-like cells, some of whose progeny may become polygonal chondrocytes. The retention of the characteristic chondrogenic phenotype in vitro is favored by pruning the dedifferentiated chondrocytes which arise in these cultures. Dedifferentiated chondrocytes interfere with the deposition and synthesis of chondroitin sulfate by neighboring functional chondrocytes. Possible mechanisms are proposed to explain this type of cell-cell or cell exudate interference. If the progeny of a single, genetically programmed chondrocyte may or may not synthesize chondroitin sulfate, then extragenic sites in the cytoplasm or cell surface must influence the decision as to which cluster of "luxur" molecules the cell will synthesize.
McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science &amp;amp; Technology
Authors: Karen J. Graves
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The latest edition of the encyclopedia marks the 25th anniversary of its publication. This remarkable work remains a leading authority for in-depth coverage of all areas of science and technology for lay readers from students to researchers. The current edition has been expanded from 15 to 20 volumes to include developments since the 1982 edition. New and expanded entries are included for such fields as telecommunications, theoretical physics, geology, nuclear engineering, and computers. Information is presented in an attractive and well-organized format in 19 volumes, with volume 20 containing the indexes. Extensive use of boldface type, the inclusion of 15 000 illustrations, and tables printed in two colors all add to the readability of the text. As in past editions, the 7700 articles are arranged alphabetically for ease of access. The reader is guided from these lead articles to more information by more than 50 000 cross-references. Most of the
HLA Class II Associations With Rheumatic Heart Disease Are More Evident and Consistent Among Clinically Homogeneous Patients
Authors: Yajaira Guédez, Alyaa Kotby, Maha El-Demellawy, Ashraf Galal, Glenys Thomson, Salah Zaher, Samir Kassem, Malak Kotb
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Discrepancies in reported HLA class II associations with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) may have been due to inaccuracies of serological typing reagents and/or lack of defined clinical classification of patients analyzed. The molecular association between HLA and RHD was investigated in patients with defined clinical outcome. Methods and Results —Class II allele/haplotype distribution was determined in 2 groups of RHD patients (n=88) and a control group (n=59). Patients were divided into the mitral valve disease (MVD) category (ie, those with mitral regurgitation with or without mitral stenosis) and the multivalvular lesions (MVL) category, with impairment of aortic and/or tricuspid valves in addition to mitral valve damage. The MVD category (n=65) accounted for 74% of patients and included significantly fewer recurrent RF episodes compared with MVL patients ( P =0.002). Conclusions —Significant increases in DRB1*0701 and DQA1*0201 alleles and DRB1*0701-DQA1*0201 haplotypes were found in patients. Removal of the MVL patients from analysis increased the strength of HLA associations among the MVD sample. The frequency of DQA1*0103 allele was decreased and the DQB1*0603 allele was absent from the patient group, suggesting that these alleles may confer protective effects against RHD. DQ alleles in linkage disequilibrium with DR alleles appear to influence risk/protection effect: whereas the DRB1*13–DQA1*0501-3–DQB1*0301 haplotype showed a trend toward risk, the DRB1*13-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0603 haplotype was absent in the RHD sample. Our data indicate that certain class II alleles/haplotypes are associated with risk or protection from RHD and that these associations appear to be stronger and more consistent when analyzed in patients with relatively more homogeneous clinical manifestations.
The Evolution of Health Planning
Authors: John T. Tierney, William J. Waters
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Public Law 93–641, the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974, provided direct federal financial support for both state and local health-planning agencies. It mandated the development of health-system plans by health-planning councils, a majority of whose members would be consumers, at the state and local levels. Furthermore, P.L. 93–641 also required each state to conduct a certificate-of-need program to regulate the introduction of new institutional health facilities and services.The Reagan administration is opposed to health planning on the grounds that it interferes with competition in the health-care sector. However, Congressmen Henry Waxman (D-Calif), Edward Madigan (R-Ill.), . . .
The emperor has no clothes on
Authors: J. Easterbrooke
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Am I the only general practitioner in the country who finds it almost impossible to complete a modern consultation in the short time allocated? Am I the only one who regularly finds that his morning surgery has drifted perilously close to becoming his working lunch or even his afternoon session? And if everyone else does manage it, would someone be so kind as to tell me how. For it seems to me that there is a discrepancy between the sort of consulting we are encouraged to practise and what actually happens. There seems also to be almost a conspiracy of silence between practitioners in pretending that it can be done.

Now the problem might lie in the fact that I have only recently completed my general practice training. My registrar year acted as a fulcrum between the rigid protocols of hospital practice and the adoption of a new primary care mantle. But it was only a short conversion course …
Predicting nasal continuous positive airway pressure.
Authors: V Hoffstein, S Mateika
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We recently proposed an equation predicting the optimal level of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) that abolishes sleep apnea from three simple and easily available parameters: body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, and apnea/hypopnea index (AHI). The present study was designed to validate this equation in a prospective group of patients with sleep apnea returning to the sleep laboratory for CPAP titration study. We studied 26 patients and found that the optimal CPAP was equal to the predicted value in 10 of 26 patients, within +/- 1 cm H2O of the predicted value in another 10 of 26 patients, within +/- 2 cm H2O in four of 26 patients, and outside +/- 4 cm H2O in the remaining two patients. We conclude that (1) optimal CPAP can be predicted to within +/- 2 cm H2O from a few simple measurements, and (2) using predicted CPAP as a starting pressure for CPAP titration, it may be possible to optimize and/or shorten the titration study--a fact with significant implications for reducing the cost of "diagnosis-to-treatment" polysomnography.
BÁRÁNY CHAIR TESTS AND FLYING ABILITY
Authors: H. Maxwell Langdon
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the Editor:  —When the work of examining candidates for commissions as fliers in the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps began, the ocular requirements were placed at as high  level as possible: to be brief,  pair of perfect  was demanded, and that standard has never been lowered. The phrase a pair of perfect eyes might be transposed to a perfect pair of eyes, for not only were the various functions of each eye to be considered with the greatest care, but also the relation of each eye to the other was most completely studied. So stringent were the demands made, especially on the muscular balance, that one of America's best known ophthalmologists expressed the opinion that if they were adhered to there would be no aviators,  rather amusing statement when placed in juxtaposition with some of the recent articles on this subject, the writers of
Lake Level Fluctuations Synchronize Genetic Divergences of Cichlid Fishes in African Lakes
Authors: Christian Sturmbauer, Sanja Baric, Walter Salzburger, Lukas Rüber, Erik Verheyen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Water level fluctuations are important modulators of speciation processes in tropical lakes, in that they temporarily form or break down barriers to gene flow among adjacent populations and/or incipient species. Time estimates of the most recent major lowstands of the three African Great Lakes are thus crucial to infer the relative timescales of explosive speciation events in cichlid species flocks. Our approach combines geological evidence with genetic divergence data of cichlid fishes from the three Great East African Lakes derived from the fastest-evolving mtDNA segment. Thereby, we show for each of the three lakes that individuals sampled from several populations which are currently isolated by long geographic distances and/or deep water form clusters of equally closely related haplotypes. The distribution of identical or equally closely related haplotypes in a lake basin allows delineation of the extent of lake level fluctuations. Our data suggest that the same climatic phenomenon synchronized the onset of genetic divergence of lineages in all three species flocks, such that their most recent evolutionary history seems to be linked to the same external modulators of adaptive radiation. A calibration of the molecular clock of the control region was elaborated by gauging the age of the Lake Malawi species flock through the divergence among the utaka-cichlid and the mbuna-cichlid lineages to minimally 570,000 years and maximally 1 Myr. This suggests that the low-lake-level period which established the observed patterns of genetic relatedness dates back less than 57,000 years, probably even to 17,000–12,400 years ago, when Lake Victoria dried up and Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika were also low. A rapid rise of all three lakes about 11,000 years ago established the large-scale population subdivisions observed today. Over that period of time, a multitude of species originated in Lakes Malawi and Victoria with an impressive degree of morphological and ecological differentiation, whereas the Tanganyikan taxa that were exposed to the same habitat changes hardly diverged ecologically and morphologically. Our findings also show that patterns of genetic divergences of stenotopic organisms provide valuable feedback on geological and sedimentological time estimates for lake level changes.
Heat Shock Factor 1–Mediated Aneuploidy Requires a Defective Function of p53
Authors: Eun-Ho Kim, Yoon-Jin Lee, Sangwoo Bae, Jae Seon Lee, Joon Kim, Yun-Sil Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Because heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) phosphorylation by Plk1 has been previously reported to be involved in mitotic regulation and p53 function may be involved in this mitotic regulation, we have further examined HSF1 functions in mitotic regulation according to p53 status. Nocodazole-mediated aneuploidy was increased in p53-defective (p53Mut) cells; however, it was not increased in p53 wild-type (p53WT) cells. Phosphorylation of HSF1 at Ser216 was increased in p53Mut cells with increased stability of securin and cyclin B1 in mitosis compared with p53WT cells. The interaction of p53 with Plk1 that was shown in p53WT cells and that induced normal mitotic checkpoint function was not observed in p53Mut cells; instead, the binding of HSF1 with Plk1 and HSF1 phosphorylation at Ser216 were seen in p53Mut cells, which resulted in increased aneuploidy production. Moreover, the interaction affinity of Cdc20 with Mad2 was inhibited in p53Mut cells, whereas the interaction between Cdc20 and HSF1 was increased. From the data, it was suggested that HSF1-mediated aneuploidy was more facilitated in p53-defective cells, indicating the importance of novel mechanisms for p53 function in HSF1-mediated mitotic regulation and genomic instability.
Relationship Between Noninvasive Coronary Angiography With Multi-Slice Computed Tomography and Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Joanne D. Schuijf, William Wijns, J. Wouter Jukema, Douwe E. Atsma, Albert de Roos, Hildo J. Lamb, Marcel P.M. Stokkel, Petra Dibbets-Schneider, Isabel Decramer, Pieter De Bondt, Ernst E. van der Wall, Piet K. Vanhoenacker, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
AN ANALYSIS OF CARDIOGENIC SHOCK &amp; CARDIAC ARREST IN APICAL BALLOONING SYNDROME (TAKOTSUBO/ STRESS CARDIOMYOPATHY): EVALUATING CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES
Authors: Sandeep M. Patel, Matthew Jones, Dingxin Qin, Zachary Rhinehart, A.J. Smith
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Assessment of tine tuberculin test.
Authors: D J Sinclair, R N Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Mantoux (10 tuberculin units) and tine tuberculin tests were performed in 190 subjects and the results recorded at 48, 72, and 96 hours. Altogether 1010 readings were recorded. Of these, 555 (55%) were Mantoux-test positive and 525 (52%) tine-test positive. While the tine test is marginally less sensitive, its advantages are simplicity and ease and speed of application. It thus provides a useful screening test for eliciting tuberculin sensitivity.
Lack of endothelial cell survivin causes embryonic defects in angiogenesis, cardiogenesis, and neural tube closure
Authors: Femke Zwerts, Florea Lupu, Astrid De Vriese, Saskia Pollefeyt, Lieve Moons, Rachel A. Altura, Yuying Jiang, Patrick H. Maxwell, Peter Hill, Hideyasu Oh, Claus Rieker, Désiré Collen, Simon J. Conway, Edward M. Conway
Journal: Blood (2007)
Drug compliance in diabetics.
Authors: F N Eshelman
Journal: BMJ (1978)

lymphoma, increased levels of serum IgE (often very high) compared with controls have been reported by at least two groups of workers.1 2 In the four patients with mycosis fungoides seen in this department during the past two years the serum IgE levels have all been raised (range 979->5000 U/ml).As with Hodgkin's disease, the pathogenesis of these high serum IgE levels (in the presence of normal levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM) is at the moment unclear.
The pros and cons of essential medicines for rich countries
Authors: Marcus M Reidenberg, Tom Walley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Rising costs of drugs is universal. From 1998 to 2001, prescription costs in the United States and England increased by 62% and 30%, respectively. Could the essential drugs concept help rich countries to control the rise in drug costs? Hogerzeil1 cites Australia as an example, although experience there is hardly encouraging: spending on medicines rose by 69% between 1998 and 2002,2 and the political difficulties of the process have been widely reported.3 But containing costs is not the only aim of the essential drugs concept, which primarily aims to increase access and efficiency and to promote better health and equity. These are also aims in rich countries, which already apply many of the principles of …
Subcutaneous Abscess Due to Gallstones Lost During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: G. Wetscher, G. Schwab, F. Fend, K. Glaser, D. Ladurner, E. Bodner
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

No complications caused by gallstones lost during laparoscopic cholecystectomy have yet been described in the literature. In one animal study in rats, it has been shown that pigment calculi, but not cholesterol stones, lead to severe local inflammation of the abdominal cavity. We present a case of a chronic subcutaneous and subfascial abscess in the lower abdomen, which included multiple pigment calculi, six months after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. During the procedure, multiple small pigment calculi had been lost into the free abdominal cavity.
Imaging Atlas of Human Anatomy
Authors: Marc S. Tucker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

This CD-ROM provides a detailed atlas of radiologic anatomy in all forms, including plain films, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, computed tomography (CT), venography, and angiography. It is formatted to present a concise atlas, cephalad (skull) to caudad (feet). The disc is easy to work with, and I did not have any trouble setting it up. The graphics and table of contents are laid out well. Navigating the various parts is relatively simple. The opening graphics are well displayed, allowing instant access to pictures or the table of contents; therein lies the simplicity of finding an anatomical part of the body to review. Each screen contains a picture of the radiograph accessed, key landmarks (with a glossary that can be turned off), related slides that can easily be accessed, and a self-exam. The help button is readily available on any accessed slide and overall is helpful in overcoming difficulties with
Lost or broken teeth
Authors: R. P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Multislice Computed Tomography Accurately Quantifies Left Atrial Size and Function After the MAZE Procedure
Authors: Kazuo Yamanaka, Masatoshi Fujita, Kazuhiko Doi, Hiroshi Tsuneyoshi, Ario Yamazato, Katsuya Ueno, Eiwa Zen, Masashi Komeda
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Although the MAZE procedure allows for the recovery of sinus rhythm and left atrial (LA) mechanical function in the great majority of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF), the effects of MAZE on the precise LA geometry and wall motion remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized that LA size and mechanical function in patients with chronic AF and mitral valvular disease are well restored after MAZE. Methods and Results— We studied 14 patients (MAZE group: mean±SD age, 63.9±8.6 years; 8 men and 6 women) who underwent MAZE for chronic AF and mitral valve surgery and 10 patients with sinus rhythm (coronary artery bypass graft [CABG] group: age, 70.0±7.9 years; 5 men and 5 women) who underwent CABG at Takeda Hospital between February 2002 and September 2005. MAZE was conducted by the endocardial application of radiofrequency ablation with a temperature-controlled multipolar radiofrequency catheter. LA volume and booster function were quantitatively evaluated by multislice computed tomography at 17.9±10.0 months (MAZE group) and 15.3±13.6 months (CABG group) postoperatively. All patients with MAZE were free of AF and other atrial arrhythmias during the follow-up period. In the CABG group, LA maximal and minimal volumes and ejection fraction were 109±12 mL, 82±11 mL, and 26±10%, respectively. In the MAZE group, LA maximal volume was 139±17 mL ( P =0.187 versus CABG), and LA minimal volume was 121±16 mL ( P =0.082 versus CABG), with an ejection fraction of 15±7% ( P =0.004 versus CABG). In both groups, all parts of the LA wall contracted toward the geometric center of the LA. The extent of wall motion was significantly worse in the MAZE group compared with the CABG group. In both groups, LA booster function was inversely correlated with LA maximal volume. Conclusions— MAZE with radiofrequency ablation is safe and effective for the restoration of sinus rhythm in patients with chronic AF and mitral valve disease. However, chronic AF associated with mitral valve disease deteriorates LA mechanical function diffusely throughout the LA wall. Further studies with the use of multislice computed tomography are needed to sequentially evaluate LA function after MAZE in patients with and without mitral valve surgery.
Integrated mutational and cytogenetic analysis identifies new prognostic subgroups in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Davide Rossi, Silvia Rasi, Valeria Spina, Alessio Bruscaggin, Sara Monti, Carmela Ciardullo, Clara Deambrogi, Hossein Khiabanian, Roberto Serra, Francesco Bertoni, Francesco Forconi, Luca Laurenti, Roberto Marasca, Michele Dal-Bo, Francesca Maria Rossi, Pietro Bulian, Josep Nomdedeu, Giovanni Del Poeta, Valter Gattei, Laura Pasqualucci, Raul Rabadan, Robin Foà, Riccardo Dalla-Favera, Gianluca Gaidano
Journal: Blood (2012)
Ten-year outcomes of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation as first-line therapy of early hepatocellular carcinoma: Analysis of prognostic factors
Authors: Young-sun Kim, Hyo Keun Lim, Hyunchul Rhim, Min Woo Lee, Dongil Choi, Won Jae Lee, Seung Woon Paik, Kwang Cheol Koh, Joon Hyeok Lee, Moon Seok Choi, Geum-Youn Gwak, Byung Chul Yoo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)