tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Someone who sticks in your mind
Authors: P. Goubran
Journal: BMJ (1995)

My mum is the person who sticks in my mind as she died from cancer when I was about six and three quarters. Her job was the executive secretary of the International Confederation of Midwives. She was in charge of the midwives and she would go all over the world organising centres, courses, and all kinds of meetings.

My mum had blondish brown hair with green eyes, a nose which was not pointed or flat, not big but not small, and also she had nice red lips. My mum was Irish, and she was born in Wicklow and lived there until …
Striking deposition of toxic eosinophil major basic protein in mucus: Implications for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Jens U. Ponikau, David A. Sherris, Gail M. Kephart, Eugene B. Kern, David J. Congdon, Cheryl R. Adolphson, Margaret J. Springett, Gerald J. Gleich, Hirohito Kita
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
A Study of the Digitalis-like Action of Thevetoidin in Man
Authors: I. CHAVEZ, R. MENDEZ, L. O. CHAIT
Journal: Circulation (1952)

The effect of thevetoidin in heart failure has been studied.Thevetoidin has a prompt and partly transient digitails-like effect which is shown on the heart rate, the circulatory velocity and on the P-R and Q-T intervals of the electrocardiogram, and also a cumulative effect similar to that of strophanthin.Due to its intense vagal effect and its quick digitails-like action, paroxysmal auricular tachycardia was stopped in two patients out of three in from three to four minutes.Its therapeutic advantages and disadvantages are discussed. CASE 2MATERIALThe clinical results which constitute the theme of this preliminary w-ork have been ob- tained in 10 patients with rheumatic heart dis-
Renal artery stenosis: an innocent bystander or an independent predictor of worse outcome in patients with chronic heart failure? A magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Christos V. Bourantas, Huan P. Loh, Elena I. Lukaschuk, Antony Nicholson, Saeed Mirsadraee, Farqad M. Alamgir, Ann C. Tweddel, Duncan F. Ettles, Alan S. Rigby, Nikolay P. Nikitin, Andrew L. Clark, John G.F. Cleland
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Utility of Nocturnal Home Oximetry for Case Finding in Patients with Suspected Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome
Authors: Frederic Series
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To evaluate prospectively the validity of home oximetry for case finding in patients clinically suspected of having the sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). Design: Blinded comparison of home oximetry and polysomnographic nocturnal recordings. Setting: Sleep clinic of a tertiary referral center. Patients: A total of 240 outpatients referred because of reported sleep disturbances or daytime hypersomnia compatible with the diagnosis of SAHS. Measurements: All participants had nocturnal home oximetry followed by a conventional polysomnographic study. The two recordings were interpreted blindly. Home oximetry test results were classified as abnormal (suspicion of sleep-related breathing abnormalities) in the presence of repetitive, short-duration arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (Sao 2) fluctuations without any absolute or relative decrease in the Sao 2 threshold. The diagnosis of SAHS was confirmed when the apnea-plus-hypopnea index was greater than 10. Results: Based on the results of the polysomnographic sleep study, 110 patients had SAHS (apnea-plus-hypopnea index, 38.1 2.5/h; mean SE). Home oximetry test results were interpreted as abnormal in 176 patients (this included 108 patients with SAHS and 68 without SAHS) and were read as normal in 62 patients without SAHS and in 2 with SAHS. Home oximetry testing had a sensitivity of 108/110 or 98.2% (95% CI, 93.6% to 99.8%); a specificity of 62/130 or 47.7% (CI, 38.8% to 56.6%); a positive predictive value of 108/176 or 61.4%; and a negative predictive value of 62/64 or 96.9%. Conclusions: A negative home oximetry test result is helpful in ruling out the diagnosis of SAHS in patients clinically suspected of having this syndrome, because a negative test result reduced the probability from 54.1% to 3.1% in our patients. However, a positive oximetry test increased the probability from 46% to 61.4% in our group of patients.
1229 ROLE OF ANGIOGENESIS AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN A DB/DB MOUSE MODEL FOR NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: S. Coulon, N. Rohr-Udilova, F. Heindryckx, C. Van Steenkiste, L. Libbrecht, H. Van Vlierberghe, A. Geerts, M. Peck-Radosavljevic, I. Colle
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Mechanisms of free radical chemistry and biochemistry of benzene.
Authors: L R Karam, M G Simic
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

omicron-Tyrosine (omicron-Tyr) was used as a specific biomarker for .OH radicals generated in biosystems. Specificity of omicron-Tyr as an .OH biomarker was based on previous studies in systems exposed to ionizing radiations. Fresh muscle tissue incubated with benzene for 1 hr at 38 degrees C exhibits formation of omicron-Tyr as seen in the cases of ethanol- and carbon tetrachloride-exposed systems. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry selective ion monitoring measurements of omicron-Tyr yields in chicken breast muscle incubated with water or benzene indicate levels of less than 0.1 ppm and 3.0 +/- 0.5 ppm of omicron-Tyr, respectively. Formation of .OH is presumed to originate via a Haber-Weiss reaction of H2O2 with Fe(II) preceded by the formation of .O2- and H2O2 from distorted mitochondria.
PATHOLOGIC CHANGES OCCURRING IN THE UNOBSTRUCTED NOSTRIL IN CASES OF DEVIATED SEPTUM.
Authors: E. LARUE VANSANT
Journal: JAMA (1900)

When only one of the nasal chambers is obstructed by a notable deviation of the septum, the immediate effect produced is a relative increase in the amount of respired air passing through the unobstructed nostril. This increased respiration through the unobstructed nostril causes increased functional activity of the mucous membrane and deeper structures, in order that the inspired air may be properly warmed and moistened. Such increased functional activity necessarily causes hyperemia of the parts, particularly of the tissues constituting the middle and inferior turbinal bodies. The increased blood-supply, together with the enlargement and proliferation of the over-acting mucous glands and cells of the deeper tissues, soon leads to enlargement from hyperplasia of the tissues involved, which may be regarded as a true compensatory hypertrophy. This change is first and most markedly shown in the tissues opposite the greatest concavity of the deflection, which in the majority of cases is
BRONCHOSTENOSIS COMPLICATING ASTHMA
Authors: Thomas W. Mears
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Benign nontuberculous bronchostenosis is a complication of either intrinsic or extrinsic asthma that too often is unrecognized. By bronchostenosis is meant a definite stricture-like narrowing of a bronchus that is considered to be inflammatory in nature and not the result of allergic edema or spasm. In 1939, two of us (L. E. P. and H. J. M. )<sup>1</sup>described the symptoms, physical findings, and the laboratory information that characterize bronchostenosis in asthma, and, in 1940,<sup>2</sup>we reviewed our experience at the Mayo Clinic with 140 patients with asthma who had been especially selected for bronchoscopic examination. Of this series, 60 patients were found to have definite stenosis of one or more bronchi. Subsequently, others<sup>3</sup>have reported their experiences with this complication of asthma. Recently we reviewed the records of 1,034 consecutive asthmatic patients who underwent bronchoscopic examination during the decade ending in 1950. Of these, 327 were found
Mortality associated with delay in operation after hip fracture: … but Italian data seem to contradict study findings
Authors: Antonella Franzo, Giorgio Simon, Carlo Francescutti
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—In contrast to Bottle and Aylin,1 we found that delayed surgery alone seems not to increase mortality after hip fracture after adjustment for comorbidity, age and sex, and taking hospital level variability into account.

We examined data from regional hospital discharge registers in Friuli Venezia Giulia, a region in northeastern Italy (population 1 200 000), where each year more than 2200 elderly people are admitted for hip fracture. We selected all patients aged …
A Clinician's Guide to Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Allan S. Detsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Cost-effectiveness analysis can be used to help set priorities for funding health care programs. For each intervention, the costs and clinical outcomes associated with that strategy must be compared with an alternate strategy for treating the same patients. If an intervention results in improved outcomes but also costs more, the incremental cost per incremental unit of clinical outcome should be calculated. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for various programs can be ranked to set funding priorities. By using this list, the person responsible for allocating resources can maximize the net health benefit for a target population derived from a fixed budget. Clinicians may not share this objective because, individually, they are appropriately concerned solely with the effectiveness of a specific intervention for their patients and are not concerned with the benefit derived from spending those resources on other patients in the target population. In addition, allocation may be driven by distributional and political objectives. Nevertheless, cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrates the consequences of allocation decisions. Because clinicians should participate in policy making, they must understand the role of this technique in setting funding priorities.
Diagnosis of Neuropathic vs Myopathic Disease-Reply
Authors: Larry A. Weinrauch
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Professor Rogoff correctly points out the value of electrodiagnostic testing in the diagnosis of strictly neuropathic vs myopathic disease states. While electrodiagnostic tests may differentiate pathogenesis in some patients with muscle weakness, these tests may not clearly separate those patients with diabetic amyotrophy from those with the multiplicity of neurologic, muscular, and end-plate abnormalities seen in patients with neoplasms. Therefore, use of the provisional term myopathy was justified by the clinical picture of profound proximal muscle weakness in an elderly man with a pancreatic mass. Subsequent events of the hospital course, as described, did not allow for performance of elective muscle biopsy or electromyography. Nevertheless, concern over the presence of an underlying malignant neoplasm would have made tumor search the primary goal, regardless of interpretation of electromyographic pattern.
Amelioration of DSS-induced murine colitis by VSL#3 supplementation is primarily associated with changes in ileal microbiota composition.
Authors: Jordan S. Mar, Nabeetha A. Nagalingam, Yuanlin Song, Michio Onizawa, Jae Woo Lee, Susan V Lynch
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

Inflammatory bowel diseases encompass gastrointestinal illnesses typified by chronic inflammation, loss of epithelial integrity and gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis. In an effort to counteract these characteristic perturbations, we used stem cells and/or a probiotic therapy in a murine model of Dextran Sodium Sulfate induced colitis to examine both their efficacy in ameliorating disease and impact on niche-specific microbial communities of the lower GI tract. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administering 3% DSS in drinking water for 10 days prior to administering one of three treatment plans: daily probiotic (VSL#3) supplementation for 3 days, a single tail vein injection of 1x106 murine mesenchymal stem cells, or both. Ileal, cecal and colonic sections were collected for microbiota and histological analyses. Microbiota profiling revealed distinct bacterial community compositions in the ileum, cecum and colon of control untreated animals, all of which were predicted in silico to be enriched for a number of discrete KEGG pathways, indicating compositional and functional niche specificity in healthy animals. DSS-treatment perturbed community composition in all three niches with ileal communities exhibiting the greatest change relative to control animals. Each treatment group exhibited treatment-specific alterations in microbiota composition in the lower GI tract, though disease scores were only improved in VSL#3-treated animals. The ileal microbiota were most profoundly altered in composition in this group of animals and characterized by significant Enterobacteriaceae enrichment compared with colitic mice (P < 0.05).
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS
Authors: Andreas Tanberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

The following conclusions may be drawn from the experiments presented in this article. 1. Excessive meat diet develops hypertrophy of the thyroid gland. A definite hypertrophy of the parathyroid gland under the same conditions has not been established. A meat diet does not develop hypertrophy of the thyroid gland when insufficiency of the parathyroid gland exists at the same time, even if no clinical symptoms are present. Where a pronounced hypertrophy caused by a meat diet has already developed, the hypertrophy disappears and the gland assumes its ordinary appearance after extirpation of a sufficiently large number of parathyroid glands. 2. After parathyroidectomy no hypertrophy of the thyroid gland takes place. In chronic tetany the thyroid gland seems, on the contrary, to atrophy in spite of a meat diet. 3. After complete extirpation of the thyroid gland, the parathyroid gland does not change its structure, even in cases where the cachexia lasts for several years. Small remaining parts of the thyroid gland may through hypertrophy develop into compact tissue and thereby seemingly present some points of resemblance to the parathyroid gland. 4. When the parathyroid gland hypertrophies, as in some forms of chronic tetany, this hypertrophy is characterized by the development of large, transparent, sharply defined cells, with large nuclei rich in chromatin. 5. The parathyroid and thyroid glands are independent organs, each having specific functions. This, however, does not exclude the occurrence of a direct or indirect interaction in the functions of the two systems. 6. There is reason to believe that an insufficiency of the parathyroid gland checks to some extent the function of the thyroid gland. No proof of the existence of a vicarious cooperation between the two glands has been established.
HAART-Induced Reconstitution of Herpes Simplex Virus-specific IFN-γ CD4 T Cell Response Is Highly Correlated to CD4 Cell Count Gain
Authors: M. Ramaswamy, A. Waters, E. Hainsworth, C. Smith, G. Hardy, M. Johnson, J. Ainsworth, A. Phillips, A.M. Geretti
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)
State-dependent suppression of LTP induction after learning: Relation to phasic hippocampal network events
Authors: Clive R. Bramham
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

This commentary argues that (1) arousal is not sufficient to induce LTP in the hippocampus, (2) learning can profoundly modulate synaptic plasticity in a state-dependent manner without affecting baseline synaptic efficacy, and (3) unilateral, synapse-specific LTP induction triggers an interhippocampal communication manifested as bilateral increases in gene expression at multiple sites in the hippocampal network.
Diabetes and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Qun Xu, Yikyung Park, Xuemei Huang, Albert Hollenbeck, Aaron Blair, Arthur Schatzkin, Honglei Chen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To investigate the relationship between diabetes and future risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) among older U.S. adults.A prospective study of self-reported diabetes in 1995 and 1996 in relation to PD diagnosed after 1995 among 288,662 participants of the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Multivariate odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were derived from logistic regression models.A total of 1,565 participants with PD diagnosed after 1995 were included in the analysis. After adjustment for potential confounders, PD risk was ∼40% higher (OR = 1.41 [95% CI 1.20-1.66]) among diabetic patients than among participants without diabetes. Further analysis showed that the risk elevation was largely limited to individuals who had diabetes for more than 10 years at the time of baseline survey (1.75 [1.36-2.25]). The association with diabetes was seen for both participants with PD diagnosed between 1995 and 1999 and participants with PD diagnosed after 2000. In addition, similar results were obtained after excluding participants with stroke, heart disease, cancers, or poor or fair health status and in subgroup analyses by age, sex, smoking status, and coffee consumption.This large study showed that diabetes was associated with a higher future risk of PD and the nature of this association warrants further investigation.
Cancer patients were enrolled in "fraudulent" research, US lawsuit alleges
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Duke University, in North Carolina, is facing two lawsuits alleging that patients with cancer were exposed to unnecessary and harmful chemotherapy after being enrolled in “fraudulent” clinical trials that were based on flawed research.

The trials, which have been discontinued, were based on research by the oncologist Anil Potti into a technique that uses gene expression to predict which chemotherapy would be best for an individual patient with lung or breast cancer.

Dr Potti has resigned and six of his research articles—in the New England Journal of Medicine , Nature Medicine , Lancet Oncology , the Journal of Clinical Oncology , Blood , and PLoS One —have been retracted in recent …
Evaluation of Euthyroid Solitary Autonomous Nodule of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Manfred Blum
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The euthyroid autonomous nodule of the thyroid may escape diagnosis if only the usual criterion of less than 50% suppression of radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) after administration of liothyronine sodium is employed. This was the case in four patients who had thyrotoxic response to suppressive therapy, which had been given as a result of the improper conclusion that a nodule was hyperplastic, after the RAIU had fallen. We studied 95 patients with a solitary functioning nodule and found ten euthyroid persons (11 tests) in whom scintiscans showed persistent function in the nodule in spite of suppression of the RAIU by more than 50%. A thyrotropin-releasing hormone test demonstrated lack of thyroid-stimulating hormone responsiveness after administration of liothyronine, proving adequacy of the suppressive dose. Diagnosis of an autonomous nodule should not be excluded unless a scintiscan reveals that its function, in distinction to the rest of the gland, is curtailed by adequate suppression. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1991-1993)
Abortions reach highest ever number in England and Wales
Authors: Allison Barrett
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Numbers of abortions performed in England and Wales are the highest ever, reports the Department of Health.

Data released in a report by the department on 27 July show that 185 400 abortions were done in England and Wales in 2004, an increase of 2.1% on the 2003 figure. The age standardised rate of abortions in 2004 was 17.8 per 1000 resident women aged between 15 and 44, up from 17.5 in 2003.

The overall numbers show a continuing upward trend in rates of abortion in England and Wales. Although the rate dipped below 15 per 1000 women in the early 1990s it has risen steadily since.

However, the rate among teenagers fell slightly from 18.2 per 1000 women aged under 18 …
Clinical assessment of auditory dysfunction.
Authors: W G Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Many drugs, chemical substances and agents are potentially toxic to the human auditory system. The extent of toxicity depends on numerous factors. With few exceptions, toxicity in the auditory system affects various organs or cells within the cochlea or vestibular system, with brain stem and other central nervous system involvement reported with some chemicals and agents. This ototoxicity usually presents as a decrease in auditory sensitivity, tinnitus and/or vertigo or loss of balance. Classical and newer audiological techniques used in clinical assessment are beneficial in specifying the site of lesion in the cochlea, although auditory test results, themselves, give little information regarding possible pathology or etiology within the cochlea. Typically,, ototoxicity results in high frequency hearing loss, progressive as a function of frequency, usually accompanied by tinnitus and occasionally by vertigo or loss of balance. Auditory testing protocols are necessary to document this loss in auditory function.
Abstract 5595: Antitumor immune responses to Nitroreductase/CB1954 and 4-1BBL gene therapy
Authors: Asmaa M. Salman, Peter F. Searle
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy using the non-mammalian nitroreductase enzyme (NTR) and CB1954 prodrug is a promising approach for local management of cancer through targeted chemotherapy. Whilst there is some evidence that tumor cell killing via NTR/CB1954 may also induce a systemic, immune bystander effect, this needs further investigation. To address this, a transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate tumor cell line stably expressing cytoplasmic ovalbumin (TRAMPOva) was transduced with retroviruses encoding either the therapeutic NTR or 4-1BBL gene. The generated sub-clones were used to establish subcutaneous tumor in syngeneic mice. Adoptive transfer of Ova-specific transgenic (OT-1) T cells facilitates tracking of the specific anti-tumor immune response to the gene therapy in vivo. By examining the effect of NTR/CB1954 mediated cytotoxicity on the generation of effector memory T cells, we find that treatment of Ova+NTR+ tumor bearing mice with prodrug induced significant tumor regression. This was associated with enhanced CD8+ T cell maturation and cytolytic activity. However, adoptive transfer of 1×105 of these Ova-specific memory cells did not provide prophylactic protection to immunodeficient mice against TRAMPOva tumor challenge. Therefore, we attempted to enhance the immunogenicity of tumors by delivering the 4-1BBL costimulatory ligand gene to tumor cells. We demonstrate that immunocompetent mice receiving TRAMPOva+4-1BBL cells resisted tumor formation in a 120 day follow-up period, while those receiving TRAMPOva cells developed progressive tumors at earlier time points. Tumor rejection was accompanied by generation of higher frequencies of Ova-specific CD8+ memory T cells that showed effector cytolytic function following challenge with splenocytes loaded with Ova peptide in vivo. Overall, our results show that either NTR/CB1954-mediated cell death, or tumor expression of 4-1BBL can induce a tumor-specific CD8+ T cell response. Combining these approaches may offer a strategy to provide long-lasting anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5595.