tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2146: The Rho GTPase RhoE is a p53-regulated candidate tumor suppressor
Authors: Feng Bi, Yajie Zhu, Qiulin Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Rho family proteins are prominent members of the well-known Ras superfamily and are deeply involved in almost all the malignant behaviors of cancer. As Small GTPases, Rho proteins can cycle between active GTP-bound state and GDP-bound state by regulating of GEFs, GAP and GDI. RhoE is a unique member of Rho family proteins that can bind but do not hydrolyze GTP, thus remain constitutively active upon expression without the need of regulation by the GTP/GDP conformational changes of other Rho GTPases. Previous studies have shown that RhoE may play a role opposite that of RhoA in regulating cell proliferation. Here, for the first time, we systematically investigate the expression patterns of RhoE by systemic immunocytochemistry analysis of 74, 32, 62, and 34 gastric, colorectal, lung, and breast carcinomas, respectively, and found that RhoE protein level was significantly decreased in most cancer cases compared with that of adjacent normal tissues. RhoE expression also appeared to inversely correlate with the clinical grade of gastric, colorectal, lung cancer tissues. Increasing RhoE expression in MKN45, SW480, HepG2 and SPCA1 cancer cell lines that have relatively low level of endogenous RhoE could markedly inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion activities and induced apoptosis of the cancer cells. Interestingly, p53 transcription activity was reduced in these RhoE under-expressed cancer cells that contain p53 mutations, and increasing p53 activity significantly increased RhoE expression in the cells. Significantly, p53 transcription activity, measured by the p53-responsive p21Cip1, MDM2, and GADD45 expressions, paralleled RhoE expression in gastric cancer tissues. Thus, RhoE may participate in human cancer progression as a candidate tumor suppressor under the regulation by p53. This work also enriches our knowledge in the role of small G protein network in cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2146. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2146
Conflict and creativity; man and civilization. Part 2 of control of the mind. A symposium. University of California, San Francisco Medical Center.
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The title does not really indicate the content of this stimulating book. Actually, it is the report of a symposium held in January, 1962, which discussed various topics related to the use of drugs as they influenced behavior, mood, and thought. The first such conference, in 1961, was reported in<i>Man and Civilization: Control of the Mind</i>. The present volume contains nineteen papers and six panel discussions by an assortment of well-known professional men, including physicians, psychologists, social scientists, pharmacologists, writers, a musician, and a diplomat. The topics vary from such specific matters as the evaluation of particular drugs in psychiatric patients to such general topics as the psychological bases of freedom. While a few papers deal with some aspects of creative work and methods of resolving differences, most bear only remote relation to "conflict and creativity," the subtitle. Several contributions were of special interest to this reviewer. Benjamin Passamanick
L2 access to UG: Now you see it, now you don't
Authors: Michael Harrington
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The confirmatory nature of the empirical evidence used to establish UG effects in L2 development is considered. Specific issues are also raised concerning the internal validity of Epstein et al.'s findings. It is concluded that the role of UG in adult L2 development will only be established when researchers better understand the interaction between the development of UG-constrained structural knowledge and the development of overall L2 proficiency.
Savings from Canadian Internet Pharmacies Are Limited
Authors: Michael Rothberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters7 February 2006Savings from Canadian Internet Pharmacies Are LimitedMichael Rothberg, MDMichael Rothberg, MDFrom Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-3-200602070-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:After comparing prices at American and Canadian Internet pharmacies, Quon and colleagues (1) concluded that “Americans purchasing brand-name medications from Canadian Internet pharmacies can realize substantial savings.” Although this is undoubtedly true for a few individuals, it does not address the needs of the two thirds of Americans who feel drug prices are unreasonably high. As the authors point out, reimportation accounts for less than 1% of the U.S. market; however, even this small amount has led to rapidly rising prices at Canadian pharmacies over a 6-month period.The companies that manufacture the drugs would rather cut ...References1. Quon BS, Firszt R, Eisenberg MJ. A comparison of brand-name drug prices between Canadian-based Internet pharmacies and major U.S. drug chain pharmacies. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:397-403. [PMID: 16172438] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lauerman J. Merck shuts off Canadian pharmacies selling to U.S. Accessed at www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000082&sid=ai9RdezyHWRE&refer=canada on 7 October 2005. Google Scholar3. Rowland C. Canada looks to curb drug exports: nation preparing to protect supply. Accessed at www.boston.com/business/articles/2005/06/30/canada_looks_to_curb_drug_exports/ on 2 January 2006. Google Scholar4. Sales MM, Cunningham FE, Glassman PA, Valentino MA, Good CB. Pharmacy benefits management in the Veterans Health Administration: 1995 to 2003. Am J Manag Care. 2005;11:104-12. [PMID: 15726858] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoA Comparison of Brand-Name Drug Prices between Canadian-Based Internet Pharmacies and Major U.S. Drug Chain Pharmacies Bradley S. Quon , Rafael Firszt , and Mark J. Eisenberg Savings from Canadian Internet Pharmacies Are Limited Mark J. Eisenberg , Rafael Firszt , and Bradley Quon Metrics 7 February 2006Volume 144, Issue 3Page: 224KeywordsConflicts of interestDrug pricesDrugsInternetLegislationMedicare ePublished: 7 February 2006 Issue Published: 7 February 2006 CopyrightCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Stresses on the Nurse in an Intensive-Care Unit
Authors: Ruth Vreeland
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Stresses identified in this communication are those observed in nurses assigned to a four-bed unit in the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. This intensive-care unit (ICU) is designed to facilitate the recovery of individual patients after general and radical surgical procedures, but not open-heart or neurological operation. Most of the surgery has been done because of cancer, often following prior extensive but unsuccessful attempts at curative radiation. Radical procedures for cancer included head and neck dissection, pelvic exenteration, hemipelvectomy, and thoracic surgery. The length of patient stay in the unit varied from a few hours to as long as five weeks. Stresses experienced by nurses in this setting have been, with minor variations, comparable to those found in most intensive care units. <h3>Nature of Nurse Stress</h3> When asked to describe the stresses in the intensive-care unit, the nurse most frequently and promptly identifies the effect upon her
Traitement endoscopique d'un endobrachyoesophage long en dysplasie de haut grade avec perforation oesophagienne post mucosectomie
Authors: J Boyer, JF Roques, S Michalak
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: Le traitement endoscopique de la dysplasie de haut grade (DHG) sur endobrachyoesophage (EBO) est une alternative à la chirurgie chez les patients à risque opératoire élevé; il fait appel à la mucosectomie ou la thérapie photodynamique en cas d'EBO limité en surface et en hauteur; en cas de long segment circulaire, la résection complète ou la destruction complète de l'EBO est plus difficile au prix de complications notamment de sténose ou de perforation. Nous rapportons étape par étape le traitement endoscopique d'un EBO long de 10cm compliqué de lésions diffuses de DHG chez un homme de 73 ans obèse et insuffisant respiratoire.
Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Charles B. Clayman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

As stated by Professor Johnson in his introduction, this monumental work represents the most up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. It is a fitting memorial to Morton Grossman, to whom the work is dedicated. The first volume consists of three sections. A general section deals with the physiology of the enteric nervous system, which proceeds to the specialized GI endocrine cells and their hormones and peptides. This is followed by a discussion of the proliferation, differentiation, and the regulation and turnover of the cells of the GI tract. A complete treatment of motility of the GI tract is to be found in the next 300 pages. Muscle and nerve structure, the biochemistry of the contractile process as well as energy conversion, fluid mechanics, and motility of the different sections of the GI tract are explored. The functions of the stomach, pancreas, and gallbladder encompass the next 400 pages
Tobacco and obesity epidemics: not so different after all?
Authors: Mickey Chopra, Ian Darnton-Hill
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Smoking and obesity are two of the most important global health risk factors. Extensive evidence is available on the broader global determinants of tobacco consumption such as trade liberalisation,1 the global marketing of tobacco,2 and smuggling.3 This has led to a comprehensive response from the global public health community, culminating in the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. At first glance the consumption of food is very different from that of tobacco. After all, food is not a deadly product and people need to eat every day to satisfy basic physiological requirements. Perhaps this is why the public health response to overnutrition has been largely based on the need for individuals to change their behaviour. But this approach is generally ineffective.4 We argue that an analysis of the broader global determinants of overnutrition will lead to a more comprehensive and effective global response.

In the United States, obesity has risen by 74% in the past decade, with at least one in five adults now classified as obese.5 Similar trends are seen in most Western countries.6 In the Middle East and North Africa, and in much of Eastern Europe and Latin America, levels of overweight and obesity in women are similar to, or exceed, those of the United States.7

Total energy (calories) supplied by food and beverages has increased as food has become more processed and more energy dense. In North America, fat and sugar account for more than half the total dietary energy intake.8 These changing dietary patterns are becoming mirrored in developing countries. For all developing countries combined, the per capita supply of beef, mutton, goat, pork, poultry, eggs, and milk rose by an average of 50% between 1973 and 1996.9 The transition towards a more energy dense diet is also …
Developmental Changes in Lung cGMP Phosphodiesterase-5 Activity, Protein, and Message
Authors: KIMBERLY A. HANSON, FIONA BURNS, SERGEI D. RYBALKIN, JIM WAGER MILLER, JOSEPH BEAVO, WILLIAM R. CLARKE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

During transitional circulation, the pulmonary vascular bed undergoes a rapid and profound reduction in both tone and vascular smooth-muscle (VSM) content. 3 ′ ,5 ′ -Guanylate cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) is a crucial mediator in the regulation of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and VSM proliferation. Hydrolysis of cGMP is achieved predominately by cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Among the cGMP-specific PDEs, PDE5 is quantitatively prevalent in lung tissue. We have investigated the levels of pulmonary PDE5 enzymatic activity, protein, and messenger RNA (mRNA) in ovine and mouse lung during perinatal development. We report that within 1 h following birth, PDE5 activity, protein, and mRNA levels decrease in both species, in a manner that correlates with known decreases in PVR in early transition. However, from 4 to 7 d following birth, a secondary increase in PDE5 activity, protein, and mRNA occurs in both ovine and mouse lung, suggesting a complex regulation of PVR and VSM proliferation in late perinatal development. Our data imply that PDE5 may be an important mediator in the regulation of PVR in normal and possibly in pathologic states, and may ultimately provide a basis for PDE5 inhibitors as a treatment for pulmonary hypertension.
UK patients seek compensation after taking rofecoxib
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

British lawyers are gearing up to launch a mass compensation claim in the British courts on behalf of hundreds of patients who had strokes or heart attacks after taking the arthritis drug rofecoxib (Vioxx).

Two law firms, Leigh, Day & Co and Irwin Mitchell, investigated the possibility of suing the manufacturer, Merck, …
Listen to my actions!
Authors: Jonas T. Kaplan, Marco Iacoboni
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

We believe that an account of the role of mirror neurons in language evolution should involve a greater emphasis on the auditory properties of these neurons. Mirror neurons in premotor cortex which respond to the visual and auditory consequences of actions allow for a modality-independent and agent-independent coding of actions, which may have been important for the emergence of language.
Abstract 375: The cellular distribution and related response of different peptide modified gold nanoparticles in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Tsung-Lin Tsai, Ping-Ching Wu, Chia-Cheng Hou, Ying-Ying Li, Dar-Bin Shieh, Wu-Chou Su
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Nanoparticles (NPs) are ideal vectors to deliver analytic probes or therapeutic agents into cells and subcellular compartments. Among many nanomaterials, gold NPs is widely used as a model platform for biomedical research because of their favorable physical and chemical properties. Thus, gold NPs has been employed for various applications, especially in medicine. Through surface modification of gold NPs with functional bio-macromolecules (i.e., peptides, nucleic acids and antibodies) may improve the ability of imaging, clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. Cellular uptake of gold NPs is highly dependent on their size, shape, and surface properties. For targeted therapy, the common strategy for specific cells or cellular compartments delivery is to modify NPs with peptides or lignads. The outcome is highly dependent on the peptide sequence and cell types. Therefore, we treated CaSKi, HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells with different peptide-modified gold NPs for 24 hours and determined the cellular localization of the NPs from laser confocal microscopy equipped with DIC channel. We found that gold NPs modified with the nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide from SV40 virus (GNP-PEG/SV40) accumulated around the cytoplasmic side of nuclear membrane (perinuclear accumulation) in CaSKi and HeLa carcinoma cells and translocate into nucleus in SiHa squamous cells. For adenovirus (ADV) peptide modified NPs (GNP-PEG/ADV), nuclear localization was observed in all cervical cancer cells. We then performed cell survival test (MTT assay) for various time intervals (24 to 96 hours) to identify the relationship between NPs’ distribution and cellular response. The particles exhibited perinuclear and nuclear accumulation decreased cell survival greater than cell and particles control (GNP-PEG) did. For perinuclear accumulation in HeLa cells, through annexin V/PI stain, there was no increase in apoptosis after long-term treatment with GNP-PEG/SV40 particles, but a significant increase in LC3-II expression in the GNP-PEG/SV40-treated group, suggesting activation of autophagy. On the contrary, an apoptotic cell population was found in nuclear accumulated SiHa cells. These findings suggest that different cellular distribution of NPs may link with specific death pathways. In conclusion, this study may have implications in the development of new therapeutic modality for specific cancer cells or prevention of long-term toxicities from treatment with different peptide modified NPs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 375. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-375
Motor responses of the oesophagus to intraluminal distension in normal subjects and patients with oesophageal clearance disorders.
Authors: G P Kendall, D G Thompson, S J Day, N Garvie
Journal: Gut (1987)

Oesophageal motor responses to intraluminal distension were studied manometrically in 16 healthy volunteers and in nine patients with disordered swallowing, who had prolonged oesophageal clearance without structural abnormality. In the normal subjects distension was associated with an increased number of secondary contractions above the balloon, decrease of all contractile activity below the balloon and was accompanied by an aborally propulsive force which occurred independently of the perception of discomfort. Cholinergic blockade abolished the proximal distension induced contractile response, but did not affect primary peristalsis. Despite normal sensory thresholds, proximal excitatory responses to distension were absent in six and distal inhibition was absent in seven patients. These results show that the normal human oesophagus responds to distension with a proximal enhancement of propulsive motor activity, mediated through a cholinergic pathway. This may be defective in some patients with disordered oesophageal transit. Investigation of the motor responses to intraluminal distension may thus be a useful adjunct to standard manometry for studying patients with suspected oesophageal clearance dysfunction and might allow identification of disordered enteric nervous control.
Conceptual knowledge: Grounded in sensorimotor states, or a disembodied deus ex machina?
Authors: Ezequiel Morsella, Carlos Montemayor, Jason Hubbard, Pareezad Zarolia
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract If embodied models no longer address the symbol grounding problem and a “disembodied” conceptual system can step in and resolve categorizations when embodied simulations fail, then perhaps the next step in theory-building is to isolate the unique contributions of embodied simulation. What is a disembodied conceptual system incapable of doing with respect to semantic processing or the categorization of smiles?
Academic Medical Centers Enter the Market: The Case of Philadelphia
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

When health care costs were of little concern and ready access was the only issue, the 6 medical schools, 80 teaching and community hospitals, and 14,000 doctors in Greater Philadelphia were a prized local asset. But now, many of these providers are threatened financially as managed-care plans drive down prices, squeezing the cross-subsidies that support medical education, and a surplus of medical specialists finds less demand for specialty services. The area's two dominant health insurers, competing to increase the number of people who buy their managed-care products, are driving these changes. In this report, I discuss Philadelphia's evolving market and . . .
Care Seeking for Neonatal Illness in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hadley K. Herbert, Anne CC Lee, Aruna Chandran, Igor Rudan, Abdullah H. Baqui
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Background Despite recent achievements to reduce child mortality, neonatal deaths continue to remain high, accounting for 41% of all deaths in children under five years of age worldwide, of which over 90% occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Infections are a leading cause of death and limitations in care seeking for ill neonates contribute to high mortality rates. As estimates for care-seeking behaviors in LMICs have not been studied, this review describes care seeking for neonatal illnesses in LMICs, with particular attention to type of care sought. Methods and Findings We conducted a systematic literature review of studies that reported the proportion of caregivers that sought care for ill or suspected ill neonates in LMICs. The initial search yielded 784 studies, of which 22 studies described relevant data from community household surveys, facility-based surveys, and intervention trials. The majority of studies were from South Asia (n = 17/22), set in rural areas (n = 17/22), and published within the last 4 years (n = 18/22). Of the 9,098 neonates who were ill or suspected to be ill, 4,320 caregivers sought some type of care, including care from a health facility (n = 370) or provider (n = 1,813). Care seeking ranged between 10% and 100% among caregivers with a median of 59%. Care seeking from a health care provider yielded a similar range and median, while care seeking at a health care facility ranged between 1% and 100%, with a median of 20%. Care-seeking estimates were limited by the few studies conducted in urban settings and regions other than South Asia. There was a lack of consistency regarding illness, care-seeking, and care provider definitions. Conclusions There is a paucity of data regarding newborn care-seeking behaviors; in South Asia, care seeking is low for newborn illness, especially in terms of care sought from health care facilities and medically trained providers. There is a need for representative data to describe care-seeking patterns in different geographic regions and better understand mechanisms to enhance care seeking during this vulnerable time period. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Yesterday, today, an tomorrow
Authors: I. H. Page
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>Yesterday.—</h3> Many of us are old enough to remember when the doctor was bearded, kindly, unworldly, and brought comfort to mankind. He helped us into life with a resounding spank and out of trouble later with a squeeze of the hand. His was the day when going to bed cured about half of our diseases and getting up the other half! We did not question his authority, his wisdom, or his economics. He prevented some disease, he healed some patients, he brought much happiness, and he was personally a relatively free man. He left us a professional heritage that (1) made and maintained its own standards of performance; (2) used its own judgment in the control of disease; (3) except for the Immigration Service, Pure Food Laws, interstate water control, and vaccinations, had heard nothing of Washington, the Establishment, or the Public Health Service; (4) financed itself chiefly on a