tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolic and inflammatory profile in obese and non obese children with obstructive breathing disorders
Authors: Silke Weber, Έrico Moreira, Renata Mizusaki Iyomasa, Ana Carolina Silveira, Cilmery Kurokawa
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Adult OSA is a known risk factor for metabolic diseases, but still unexplored in children. Obesity, an important cofactor, is increasing in the pediatric population.   Aim:  To study the metabolic profile and the levels of TNF-α in in obese and non obese children with obstructive breathing disorders.   Methods:  Children of both genders, aged 6 to12 years, with obstructive breathing disorders were included. Children were divided in 2 groups, non obese and obese (Z score > +2). diorespirarory sleep study. In the morning after the sleep study, blood samples were taken for analysis. The lipids, glucose, insulin, tyroxin and TNF-α levels were determined. Results were compared for the 2 groups.   Results:  17 children, median age of 6.5 years, 10 obese- and 7 non obese, were included. There glucose level was 85 mg/dL in both groups. Insulin level was higher in the obese group (10,7±2,36 mU/L X 6,7±3,29 mU/L, p 0.05), HDL (56,8±14,5 mg/dL X 49,5±17,8 mg/dL,p>0.05) and LDL (98,6±27,7 mg/dL X 110,7±28 mg/dL) in the non obese and obese group, respectively. TGL levels were higher in the obese group (106,5±37 mg/dL X 64,3±23 mg/dL).Thyroxin and TSH levels did not differ in both groups. The average TNF-α was 0,36±0,09 pg/ml, but differed in obese 0,56±0,53 pg/ml and 0.10±0,07 pg/ml (p   Conclusion:  Obesity may cause additional metabolic changes (increased insulin resistance and TGL levels) in children with obstructive breathing disorders. The metabolic inflammatory profile must be investigated for a better understanding of OBD in childhood.
Amphiregulin Contributes to the Transformed Phenotype of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Josefa Castillo, Elena Erroba, María J. Perugorría, Mónica Santamaría, David C. Lee, Jesús Prieto, Matías A. Avila, Carmen Berasain
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major cause of cancer-related deaths. Current treatments are not effective, and the identification of relevant pathways and novel therapeutic targets are much needed. Increasing evidences point to the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as an important mechanism in the development of hepatocarcinoma. We previously described that amphiregulin (AR), a ligand of the EGFR, is not expressed in healthy liver but is up-regulated during chronic liver injury, the background on which most liver tumors develop. Now, we have studied the expression and role of AR in human hepatocarcinoma. AR expression and function was studied in human liver tumors and cell lines. AR is expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and cell lines and behaves as a mitogenic and antiapoptotic growth factor for hepatocarcinoma cells. We provide several lines of evidence, including AR silencing by small interfering RNAs and inhibition of amphiregulin by neutralizing antibodies, showing the existence of an AR-mediated autocrine loop that contributes to the transformed phenotype. Indeed, interference with endogenous AR production resulted in reduced constitutive EGFR signaling, inhibition of cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, knockdown of AR potentiated transforming growth factor-β and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of AR in SK-Hep1 cells enhanced their proliferation rate, anchorage-independent growth, drug resistance, and in vivo tumorigenic potential. These observations suggest that AR is involved in the acquisition of neoplastic traits in the liver and thus constitutes a novel therapeutic target in human hepatocarcinoma. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(12): 6129-38)
Risk Factors for Amblyopia in the Vision in Preschoolers Study
Authors: Maisie Pascual, Jiayan Huang, Maureen G. Maguire, Marjean Taylor Kulp, Graham E. Quinn, Elise Ciner, Lynn A. Cyert, Deborah Orel-Bixler, Bruce Moore, Gui-shuang Ying
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Medical and Legal Issues in the Cardiovascular Evaluation of Competitive Athletes
Authors: Timothy E. Paterick, Timothy J. Paterick, Gerald F. Fletcher, Barry J. Maron
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Healthy-appearing competitive athletes may harbor unsuspected cardiovascular disease with the potential to cause sudden death. This fact raises issues of physician responsibility in preparticipation screening and eligibility/disqualification decisions. A number of medical-legal cases now represent a framework for screening and eligibility decision making in high school and college athletes. Physicians screening competitive athletes should strictly adhere to recommendations from the American Heart Association. Precedent exists for disqualifying athletes with heart disease from competition to prevent unnecessary exposure to risk of injury or death. By virtue of the court decision in Larkin v Archdiocese of Cincinnati, high school students with heart disease have no compelling right to participate in interscholastic sports without medical clearance. In Knapp v Northwestern University, an appellate court ruled that college athletes can be medically disqualified from sports and supported the use of national association medical guidelines by team physicians in formulating eligibility/disqualification decisions. This medical-legal analysis provides guidelines for physicians participating in medical evaluations of competitive athletes by clarifying the standard of care, potential pitfalls, and the evolving liability associated with this clinical practice.
Allergen-induced Expression Of Il-25 And Il-25 Receptor In Asthmatic Airways And In Allergen-induced Late Phase Cutaneous Responses In Atopic Subjects
Authors: S. Ying, W. Wang, Q. Meng, C. Fang, Z. Lv, Y.Q. An, Y.H. Wang, Y.J. Liu, R. Caballero, T.H. Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
How to achieve international action on falsified and substandard medicines
Authors: A. Attaran, D. Barry, S. Basheer, R. Bate, D. Benton, J. Chauvin, L. Garrett, I. Kickbusch, J. C. Kohler, K. Midha, P. N. Newton, S. Nishtar, P. Orhii, M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Substandard and falsified medicines kill patients, yet progress on the twin challenges of safeguarding the quality of genuine medicine and criminalising falsified ones has been held back by controversy over intellectual property rights and confusion over terms. <b>Amir Attaran and colleagues</b> propose a global treaty to overcome the problems
miR-99b-targeted mTOR induction contributes to irradiation resistance in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Feng Wei, Yan Liu, Yanhai Guo, An Xiang, Guangyi Wang, Xiaochang Xue, Zifan Lu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2013)

Abstract Background Radiation exerts direct antitumor effects and is widely used in clinics, but the efficacy is severely compromised by tumor resistance. Therefore uncovering the mechanism of radioresistance might promote the development of new strategies to overcome radioresistance by manipulating activity of the key molecules. Methods Immunohistochemistry were used to find whether mTOR were over-activated in radioresistant patients’ biopsies. Then Western blot, real-time PCR and transfection were used to find whether radiotherapy regulates the expression and activity of mTOR by modulating its targeting microRNA in human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1, Capan-2 and BxPC-3. Finally efficacy of radiation combined with mTOR dual inhibitor AZD8055 was assessed in vitro and in vivo . Results Ionizing radiation promoted mTOR expression and activation in pancreatic cancer cells through reducing miR-99b expression, which negatively regulated mTOR. Novel mTOR inhibitor, AZD8055 (10 nM, 100 nM, 500 nM) synergistically promoted radiation (0–10 Gy) induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. In human pancreatic cancer xenografts, fractionated radiation combined with AZD8055 treatment further increased the anti-tumor effect, the tumor volume was shrinked to 278 mm 3 after combination treatment for 3 weeks compared with single radiation (678 mm 3 ) or AZD8055 (708 mm 3 ) treatment (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions Our data provide a rationale for overcoming radio-resistance by combined with mTOR inhibitor AZD8055 in pancreatic cancer therapy.
Follow-up of skin manifestations in Yu-Cheng children
Authors: M. M-L. HSU, C-P. MAK, C-C. HSU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

We report an 11-year follow-up study on the dermatological manifestations of Yu-Cheng children born to mothers who were poisoned by polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated cooking oil between 1977 and 1979. Eighty-eight children born to these mothers, and 86 matched controls, were examined by one dermatologist. Chloracne scars were found in one patient, and there were nail abnormalities in about one-third of the exposed patients. Transverse grooves, irregular depressions, and koilonychia/nail flattening were significantly more frequent than in the control group, based on Fischer's exact test. This study indicates that in Yu-Cheng children the nail changes are the most persistent abnormality after PCB intoxication, and their occurrence may indicate developmental retardation of the fetal nail matrix. Such a finding might also suggest that PCBs remaining in the mother could exert an effect on nail growth in children born several years after the intoxication event.
Smokers with gene defect have higher risk of developing lung cancer
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Scientists have found a previously unknown link between lung cancer and a defect in the BRCA2 gene. Smokers with the defect had a 25% chance of developing lung cancer compared with 13% in those without the genetic variant, said a report in Nature Genetics .1

The researchers, led by a team at the Institute of Cancer Research in London, compared the DNA of 11 348 Europeans with lung cancer and 15 861 without the disease and looked for differences at specific points in their DNA. They …
Kidney Disease in Blacks
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bendamustine in Patients With Rituximab-Refractory Indolent and Transformed Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Results From a Phase II Multicenter, Single-Agent Study
Authors: Jonathan W. Friedberg, Philip Cohen, Ling Chen, K. Sue Robinson, Andres Forero-Torres, Ann S. La Casce, Luis E. Fayad, Alberto Bessudo, Elber S. Camacho, Michael E. Williams, Richard H. van der Jagt, Jennifer W. Oliver, Bruce D. Cheson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Bendamustine hydrochloride is an alkylating agent with novel mechanisms of action. This phase II multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of bendamustine in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) refractory to rituximab.Patients received bendamustine 120 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1 and 2 of each 21-day cycle. Outcomes included response, duration of response, progression-free survival, and safety.Seventy-six patients, ages 38 to 84 years, with predominantly stage III/IV indolent (80%) or transformed (20%) disease were treated; 74 were assessable for response. Twenty-four (32%) were refractory to chemotherapy. Patients received a median of two prior unique regimens. An overall response rate of 77% (15% complete response, 19% unconfirmed complete response, and 43% partial) was observed. The median duration of response was 6.7 months (95% CI, 5.1 to 9.9 months), 9.0 months (95% CI, 5.8 to 16.7) for patients with indolent disease, and 2.3 months (95% CI, 1.7 to 5.1) for those with transformed disease. Thirty-six percent of these responses exceeded 1 year. The most frequent nonhematologic adverse events included nausea and vomiting, fatigue, constipation, anorexia, fever, cough, and diarrhea. Grade 3 or 4 reversible hematologic toxicities included neutropenia (54%), thrombocytopenia (25%), and anemia (12%).Single-agent bendamustine produced durable objective responses with acceptable toxicity in heavily pretreated patients with rituximab-refractory, indolent NHL. These findings are promising and will serve as a benchmark for future clinical trials in this novel patient population.
Is chemotherapy alone adequate for young women with oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer?
Authors: Stefan Aebi, S Gelber, M Castiglione-Gertsch, RD Gelber, J Collins, B Thürlimann, CM Rudenstam, J Lindtner, D Crivellari, H Cortes-Funes, E Simoncini, ID Werner, AS Coates, A Goldhirsch
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
Induction of cartilage integration by a chondrocyte/collagen-scaffold implant
Authors: Moreica B. Pabbruwe, Ehsanollah Esfandiari, Wael Kafienah, John F. Tarlton, Anthony P. Hollander
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)

The integration of implanted cartilage is a major challenge for the success of tissue engineering protocols. We hypothesize that in order for effective cartilage integration to take place, matrix-free chondrocytes must be induced to migrate between the two tissue surfaces. A chondrocyte/collagen-scaffold implant system was developed as a method of delivering dividing cells at the interface between two cartilage surfaces. Chondrocytes were isolated from bovine nasal septum and seeded onto both surfaces of a collagen membrane to create the chondrocyte/collagen-scaffold implant. A model of two cartilage discs and the chondrocyte/collagen-scaffold sandwiched in between was used to effect integration in vitro. The resulting tissue was analysed histologically and biomechanically. The cartilage-implant-cartilage sandwich appeared macroscopically as one continuous piece of tissue at the end of 40 day cultures. Histological analysis showed tissue continuum across the cartilage-scaffold interface. The integration was dependent on both cells and scaffold. Fluorescent labeling of implanted chondrocytes demonstrated that these cells invade the surrounding mature tissue and drive a remodelling of the extracellular matrix. Using cell-free scaffolds we also demonstrated that some chondrocytes migrated from the natural cartilage into the collagen scaffold. Quantification of integration levels using a histomorphometric repair index showed that the chondrocyte/collagen-scaffold implant achieved the highest repair index compared to controls, reflected functionally through increased tensile strength. In conclusion, cartilage integration can be achieved using a chondrocyte/collagen-scaffold implant that permits controlled delivery of chondrocytes to both host and graft mature cartilage tissues. This approach has the potential to be used therapeutically for implantation of engineered tissue.
MASSAGE IN CASE OF APPENDICITIS.
Authors: ASLEY LEVIN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

All authors on internal medicine whom I have studied on this subject (Niemeyer, Eichhorst, Strümpell, Kunze, etc.) regard it unanimously to be the first rule in the treatment of appendicitis, to let the patient have complete immobility, not even allowing examination with palpation. In all the papers on gymnastics which I have perused. I have not found a single word mentioning the benefit or even the possibility of a gymnastic treatment for the disease in question. As far as I know, the only publication on the subject to be found is in the report from the Swedish Medical Congress in Norrköping, 1887, where Dr. A. Wide reports about four cases which he has treated. During the last years some masseurs have made use of massage in this disease, regarding the treatment as often very serviceable, although always more or less dangerous. I wish to present my experience on the subject.
Gene therapy targeting survivin selectively induces pulmonary vascular apoptosis and reverses pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: M. S. McMurtry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by genetic and acquired abnormalities that suppress apoptosis and enhance cell proliferation in the vascular wall, including downregulation of the bone morphogenetic protein axis and voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels. Survivin is an "inhibitor of apoptosis" protein, previously thought to be expressed primarily in cancer cells. We found that survivin was expressed in the pulmonary arteries (PAs) of 6 patients with PAH and rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH, but not in the PAs of 3 patients and rats without PAH. Gene therapy with inhalation of an adenovirus carrying a phosphorylation-deficient survivin mutant with dominant-negative properties reversed established monocrotaline-induced PAH and prolonged survival by 25%. The survivin mutant lowered pulmonary vascular resistance, RV hypertrophy, and PA medial hypertrophy. Both in vitro and in vivo, inhibition of survivin induced PA smooth muscle cell apoptosis, decreased proliferation, depolarized mitochondria, caused efflux of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm and translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor into the nucleus, and increased Kv channel current; the opposite effects were observed with gene transfer of WT survivin, both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of the inappropriate expression of survivin that accompanies human and experimental PAH is a novel therapeutic strategy that acts by inducing vascular mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.
Equivalence Ratio for Daunorubicin to Doxorubicin in Relation to Late Heart Failure in Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Elizabeth A.M. Feijen, Wendy M. Leisenring, Kayla L. Stratton, Kirsten K. Ness, Helena J.H. van der Pal, Huib N. Caron, Gregory T. Armstrong, Daniel M. Green, Melissa M. Hudson, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Leslie L. Robison, Marilyn Stovall, Leontien C.M. Kremer, Eric J. Chow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Cumulative anthracycline dose is one of the strongest predictors of heart failure (HF) after cancer treatment. However, the differential risk for cardiotoxicity between daunorubicin and doxorubicin has not been rigorously evaluated among survivors of childhood cancer. These risks, which are based on hematologic toxicity, are currently assumed to be approximately equivalent.Data from 15,815 survivors of childhood cancer who survived at least 5 years were used. Survivors were from the Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center (n = 1,349), the National Wilms Tumor Study (n = 364), the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (n = 1,695), and the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (n = 12,407). The hazard ratio (HR) for clinical HF through age 40 years for doses of daunorubicin and doxorubicin (per 100-mg/m(2) increments) was estimated by using Cox regression adjusted for sex, age at diagnosis, treatment with other anthracycline agents and chest radiation, and cohort membership.In total, 5,144 (32.5%) patients received doxorubicin as part of their cancer treatment, whereas 2,243 (14.7%) received daunorubicin. On the basis of 271 occurrences of HF during a median follow-up time after cohort entry of 17.3 years (range, 0.0 to 35.0 years), the cumulative incidence of HF at age 40 years was 3.2% (95% CI, 2.8% to 3.7%). The average ratio of HRs for daunorubicin to doxorubicin was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.23 to 0.73). A similar ratio was obtained by using a linear dose-response model, which yielded an HR of 0.49 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.70).Compared with doxorubicin, daunorubicin was less cardiotoxic among survivors of childhood cancer than most current guidelines suggest. This may have implications for follow-up guidelines. The feasibility of substitution of doxorubicin with daunorubicin in childhood cancer treatment protocols to reduce cardiotoxicity should be additionally investigated.
Experimental models for studying mucociliary clearance
Authors: M King
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Respiratory tract mucus is a viscoelastic gel, the rheological properties of which are determined mainly by its content of mucous glycoproteins and water. The rheology and quantity of mucus, in concert with ciliary factors, are the major determinants of mucociliary clearance. A wide range of animal models for studying the secretion and clearance of mucus are available. Ex vivo models, such as the frog palate or excised bovine trachea, provide direct, meaningful data regarding the clearability of mucus. Rodent models of chronic bronchitis, based on irritant gas or cigarette smoke exposure, show important features of the human condition in a relatively short time. The rheological characterization of mucus is made difficult by the small quantities obtainable, particularly from normal animals. Large animal models, such as the dog or sheep, although more expensive, offer many advantages, such as the ability to carry out long-term serial measurements, and to make integrated measurements of the clearance of mucus, ciliary function, epithelial ion transport, and the rheology of mucus in the same preparation.
An open-label trial of abatacept (CTLA4-IG) in non-severe relapsing granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)
Authors: Carol A. Langford, Paul A. Monach, Ulrich Specks, Philip Seo, David Cuthbertson, Carol A. McAlear, Steven R. Ytterberg, Gary S. Hoffman, Jeffrey P. Krischer, Peter A. Merkel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the safety and efficacy of abatacept in non-severe relapsing granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener9s)(GPA). <h3>Methods</h3> An open-label trial of intravenous abatacept was conducted in 20 patients with non-severe relapsing GPA. Prednisone up to 30 mg daily was permitted within the first 2 months, and patients on methotrexate, azathioprine, or mycophenolate mofetil continued these agents. Patients remained on study until common closing or early termination. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 20 patients, 18 (90%) had disease improvement, 16 (80%) achieved remission (BVAS/WG=0) at a median of 1.9 months, and 14 (70%) reached common closing. Six patients (30%) met criteria for early termination due to increased disease activity; 3 of 6 achieved remission and relapsed at a median of 8.6 months. The median duration of remission before common closing was 14.4 months, with the median duration of time on study for all patients being 12.3 months (range 2–35 months). Eleven of the 15 (73%) patients on prednisone reached 0 mg. Nine severe adverse events occurred in 7 patients, including 7 infections that were successfully treated. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study of patients with non-severe relapsing GPA, abatacept was well tolerated and was associated with a high frequency of disease remission and prednisone discontinuation.