tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renal Protection for Coronary Angiography in Advanced Renal Failure Patients by Prophylactic Hemodialysis
Authors: Po-Tsang Lee, Kang-Ju Chou, Chun-Peng Liu, Guang-Yuan Mar, Chien-Liang Chen, Chih-Yang Hsu, Hua-Chang Fang, Hsiao-Min Chung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30 Three Times Daily Is More Effective Than a Twice-Daily Regimen, Without Increasing Hypoglycemia, in Chinese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Oral Antidiabetes Drugs
Authors: Wenying Yang, Qiuhe Ji, Dalong Zhu, Jinkui Yang, Lulu Chen, Zhimin Liu, Demin Yu, Li Yan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

To assess the efficacy and safety of twice- and thrice-daily biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) in Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetes drugs (OADs).In this 24-week, multicenter, parallel-group, randomized, treat-to-target study, 321 Chinese insulin-naïve subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (fasting blood glucose >or=7.8 mmol/l and A1C >or=7.5%) were randomized (1:1) to twice- or thrice-daily (BID and TID groups, respectively) BIAsp 30 without OADs. Initial insulin doses were based on fasting blood glucose at randomization. Insulin dose was adjusted with algorithm-controlled titration to achieve premeal blood glucose of 4.4-6.1 mmol/l.A1C decreased significantly in both groups (BID group -2.48 +/- 0.07%; TID group -2.81 +/- 0.07%). Thrice-daily BIAsp 30 showed superiority in A1C improvement (-0.33% [95% CI -0.53 to -0.13]; P < 0.01) and helped more subjects achieve A1C targets <7% (BID group 51.3% vs. TID group 65.8%; P < 0.01). Thrice-daily BIAsp 30 was more effective in subjects with baseline A1C >or=9% (<7%: BID group 41.5% vs. TID group 58.3%; P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in rates of overall and nocturnal major and minor hypoglycemia per subject year between groups. No significant differences in weight gain (BID group 3.87 +/- 0.28 kg; TID group 4.09 +/- 0.27 kg) and mean daily insulin doses (BID group 0.82 +/- 0.28 units/kg; TID group 0.86 +/- 0.34 units/kg) were observed.Twice- and thrice-daily BIAsp 30 were effective in Chinese insulin-naïve subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Thrice-daily BIAsp 30 offered greater reduction in A1C without increasing risk of hypoglycemia, insulin dose, and weight gain, especially in subjects with A1C >or=9%.
Left Ventricular Thrombus Enhancement After Intravenous Injection of Echogenic Immunoliposomes
Authors: Andrew Hamilton, Shao-Ling Huang, Drew Warnick, Adam Stein, Mark Rabbat, Taruna Madhav, Bonnie Kane, Ashwin Nagaraj, Melvin Klegerman, Robert MacDonald, David McPherson
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Targeted echogenic immunoliposomes (ELIPs) for ultrasound enhancement of atheroma components have been developed. To date, ELIP delivery has been intra-arterial. To determine whether ELIPs can be given intravenously with enhancement of systemic structures, a left ventricular thrombus (LVT) model was developed. Methods and Results — In 6 animals plus 1 dose-ranging animal, the apical coronary arteries were ligated, and an LVT was produced by injecting Hemaseel fibrin adhesive through the apical myocardium. The thrombus was imaged epicardially and transthoracically at 0, 1, 5, and 10 minutes after anti-fibrinogen ELIP injections. The dose of ELIPs was varied. PBS and unconjugated ELIPs were controls. The apical thrombi were easily reproduced and clearly visible with epicardial and transthoracic ultrasound. Enhancement occurred with 2 mg anti-fibrinogen ELIPs and increased with dose. With 8 mg ELIPs, enhancement was different from control within 10 minutes ( P &lt;0.05). Rhodamine-labeled anti-fibrinogen ELIPs were seen with fluorescence microscopy of the LVT. Blinded viewing detected enhancement by 10 minutes in all animals after anti-fibrinogen ELIPs. Conclusions — We describe an easily reproducible LVT model. Anti-fibrinogen ELIPs delivered intravenously, as a single-step process, rapidly enhance the ultrasound image of a systemic target. This allows for future development of ELIPs as a targeted ultrasound contrast agent.
The proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib suppresses primary myeloma and stimulates bone formation in myelomatous and nonmyelomatous bones in vivo
Authors: Angela Pennisi, Xin Li, Wen Ling, Sharmin Khan, Maurizio Zangari, Shmuel Yaccoby
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Multiple myeloma (MM), a hematologic malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells is closely associated with induction of osteolytic bone disease, induced by stimulation of osteoclastogenesis and suppression of osteoblastogenesis. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway regulates differentiation of bone cells and MM cell growth. The proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, is a clinical potent antimyeloma agent. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of bortezomib on myeloma-induced bone resorption and tumor growth in SCID-rab mice engrafted with MM cells from 16 patients. Antimyeloma response of bortezomib, which was evident in >50% of 16 experiments and resembled clinical response, was associated with significant increased bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoblast numbers, and reduced osteoclast numbers in myelomatous bones. This bone anabolic effect, which was also visualized on X-ray radiographs and confirmed by static and dynamic histomorphometric analyses, was unique to bortezomib and was not observed in hosts responding to melphalan, a chemotherapeutic drug widely used to treat MM. Bortezomib also increased BMD and osteoblasts number and reduced osteoclasts number in nonmyelomatous implanted bones. In vitro bortezomib directly suppressed human osteoclast formation and promoted maturation of osteoblasts. We conclude that bortezomib promotes bone formation in myelomatous and nonmyelomatous bones by simultaneously inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and stimulating osteoblastogenesis. As clinical and experimental studies indicate that bone disease is both a consequence and necessity of MM progression our results suggest and that bortezomib's effects on bone remodeling contribute to the antimyeloma efficacy of this drug.
Effects of budesonide and formoterol on allergen-induced airway responses, inflammation, and airway remodeling in asthma
Authors: Margaret M. Kelly, Terence M. O'Connor, Richard Leigh, Joceline Otis, Carol Gwozd, Gail M. Gauvreau, Jack Gauldie, Paul M. O'Byrne
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Food‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis: a case related to the amount of food allergen ingested
Authors: None Hanakawa, None Tohyama, None Shirakata, None Murakami, None Hashimoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

A 24‐year‐old Japanese woman had suffered for 2 years from attacks of urticaria, dyspnoea and syncope associated with exercise after the ingestion of wheat. Specific IgE measurements revealed RAST class 2 for wheat and gluten (a major wheat protein), and class 3 for rye. Skin prick tests with wheat, bread, gluten and udon (a Japanese noodle made of wheat) were all positive. Food‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) caused by wheat was suspected. Challenge tests with bread were performed. Exercise following ingestion of 64 g, but not 45 g, of bread induced generalized urticaria. Challenge tests with udon also triggered allergic reaction in a dose‐dependent manner: 200 g, but not 100 g or 150 g, of udon elicited wealing and erythema with exercise. Ingestion of bread or udon alone failed to elicit any allergic reaction. This is the first case of FDEIA in which the dependence of the triggering allergic reaction on the amount of allergen ingested was clearly confirmed.
Novel Information Theory-Based Measures for Quantifying Incongruence among Phylogenetic Trees
Authors: Leonidas Salichos, Alexandros Stamatakis, Antonis Rokas
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Phylogenies inferred from different data matrices often conflict with each other necessitating the development of measures that quantify this incongruence. Here, we introduce novel measures that use information theory to quantify the degree of conflict or incongruence among all nontrivial bipartitions present in a set of trees. The first measure, internode certainty (IC), calculates the degree of certainty for a given internode by considering the frequency of the bipartition defined by the internode (internal branch) in a given set of trees jointly with that of the most prevalent conflicting bipartition in the same tree set. The second measure, IC All (ICA), calculates the degree of certainty for a given internode by considering the frequency of the bipartition defined by the internode in a given set of trees in conjunction with that of all conflicting bipartitions in the same underlying tree set. Finally, the tree certainty (TC) and TC All (TCA) measures are the sum of IC and ICA values across all internodes of a phylogeny, respectively. IC, ICA, TC, and TCA can be calculated from different types of data that contain nontrivial bipartitions, including from bootstrap replicate trees to gene trees or individual characters. Given a set of phylogenetic trees, the IC and ICA values of a given internode reflect its specific degree of incongruence, and the TC and TCA values describe the global degree of incongruence between trees in the set. All four measures are implemented and freely available in version 8.0.0 and subsequent versions of the widely used program RAxML.
Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/EMPH&gt; in Children With No Identified Predisposing Risk
Authors: Betsy C. Herold, Lilly C. Immergluck, Melinda C. Maranan, Diane S. Lauderdale, Ryan E. Gaskin, Susan Boyle-Vavra, Cindy D. Leitch, Robert S. Daum
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in children have occurred primarily in individuals with recognized predisposing risks.Community-acquired MRSA infections in the absence of identified risk factors have been reported infrequently.Objectives.-To determine whether community-acquired MRSA infections in children with no identified predisposing risks are increasing and to define the spectrum of disease associated with MRSA isolation.Design.-Retrospective review of medical records.Patients.-Hospitalizedchildren with S aureus isolated between August
Characteristics of Depressed Preschoolers With and Without Anhedonia: Evidence for a Melancholic Depressive Subtype in Young Children
Authors: Joan L. Luby, Christine Mrakotsky, Amy Heffelfinger, Kathy Brown, Edward Spitznagel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

This study investigated whether a melancholic subtype similar to that established in depressed adults can be identified in depressed preschool children.A final group total of 156 preschool children between the ages of 3.0 and 5.6 years and their caregivers underwent a comprehensive psychiatric assessment that included a structured psychiatric interview modified for young children. The clinical characteristics of four study groups (N=156) were compared: depressed preschoolers with anhedonia, depressed preschoolers without anhedonia ("hedonic"), a psychiatric comparison group with DSM-IV attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or oppositional defiant disorder, and a healthy comparison group.Fifty-four depressed preschoolers were identified, and 57% of this depressed group was anhedonic, a symptom deemed to be highly developmentally and clinically significant when arising in the preschool period. The anhedonic depressed subgroup identified was characterized by greater depression severity, alterations in stress cortisol reactivity, increased family history of major depressive disorder, and increased frequency of psychomotor retardation as well as other melancholic symptoms, such as a lack of brightening in response to joyful events.The clinical characteristics of this depressed subgroup are consistent with those described in melancholic depressed adults and suggest that a melancholic depressed subtype can be manifest in children as young as age 3.
Measurement Properties of the Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index
Authors: W. WARD FLEMONS, MARLENE A. REIMER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Sleep apnea patients were studied three times prior to and 4 wk after a trial of nasal continuous positive airway pressure to determine the measurement properties of the Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index (SAQLI), a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire. All patients completed the Medical Outcome Survey Short Form (SF-36), the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index, and a global assessment of quality of life before and after treatment. The SAQLI was found to have a very high responsiveness index of 1.9 and an effect size of 1.1, which was much greater than the domains of the SF-36 and the FPQLI. There were statistically significant longitudinal correlations (range: 0.24 to 0.54) between the SAQLI and seven of the SF-36 domains in a pattern that was predicted beforehand and which demonstrated the validity of the SAQLI as an evaluative instrument. The SAQLI also had a range of correlations at baseline with the SF-36 (range: 0.36 to 0.71), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale ( − 0.26), and the FPQLI (0.29 to 0.66), and with a global rating of quality of life (0.61). The SAQLI had a high reliability coefficient of 0.92 on testing and retesting at 2 wk. We conclude that the SAQLI has excellent measurement properties for an evaluative instrument, and beginning evidence of validity as a discriminative index. It measures components of quality of life that are important to sleep apnea patients, and will be an important outcome measure in clinical trials.
Tools for Guiding Clinical Practice From the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology
Authors: Elliott M. Antman, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2009)

E very day, clinicians face difficult decisions on how best to manage a given patient.Important decisions include selection of the appropriate diagnostic tests, procedures, and/or treatments to improve a patient's outcomes.Ideally, these decisions should be informed and guided by the best medical evidence.In reality, however, clinical practice tends to be highly variable. 1Concerned that a lack of standards for pacemaker implantation was leading to potential overutilization, governmental regulators asked the American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC) in 1984 to evaluate the available evidence and develop recommendations for practice.This led to what became their first clinical practice guideline (CPG). 2 Since then, the work of the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines has expanded markedly, currently monitoring Ϸ17 CPG areas (with a major focus on disease management) and determining when revisions or updates are needed to accurately reflect the evolution of evidence in cardiovascular care.
The Conversion of 3′ UTRs into Coding Regions
Authors: Michael G. Giacomelli, Adam S. Hancock, Joanna Masel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

A possible origin of novel coding sequences is the removal of stop codons, leading to the inclusion of 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) within genes. We classified changes in the position of stop codons in closely related Saccharomyces species and in a mouse/rat comparison as either additions to or subtractions from coding regions. In both cases, the position of stop codons is highly labile, with more subtractions than additions found. The subtraction bias may be balanced by the input of new coding regions through gene duplication. Saccharomyces shows less stop codon lability than rodents, probably due to greater selective constraint. A higher proportion of 3' UTR incorporation events preserve frame in Saccharomyces. This higher proportion is consistent with the action of the [PSI(+)] prion as an evolutionary capacitor to facilitate 3' UTR incorporation in yeast.
Calcipotriene-induced improvement in psoriasis is associated with reduced interleukin-8 and increased interleukin-10 levels within lesions
Authors: None Kang, None YI, None Griffiths, None Fancher, None Hamilton, None Choi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Calcipotriene is a synthetic analogue of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 established to be effective topically in the treatment of psoriasis. We investigated the early cellular and immunological events induced by calcipotriene in psoriasis. Thirty patients with moderate plaque‐type psoriasis were randomly assigned to receive twice daily applications of either calcipotriene ointment 0.005% or matching vehicle for 6 weeks. Skin biopsies (6 mm) were performed from designated plaques at baseline and days 3 and 7. On these days and at weeks 2, 4 and 6, complete clinical evaluations were made in a double‐blind fashion. Consistent with previous studies, significant clinical improvement (P< 0.05) in psoriasis was observed in patients receiving calcipotriene vs. those receiving vehicle by day 7 for scale and erythema, and by day 14 for thickness. No significant improvement, however, was seen on day 3. None of the immunohistological markers (CD1a, CD4, CD8, ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, E‐selectin, HLA‐DR) semiquantitatively assessed in psoriatic plaques was significantly changed by calcipotriene treatment for 7 days. In the calcipotriene‐treated group, interleukin (IL)‐10 levels (pg/μg of protein) increased by 57% from baseline (0.030 ± 0.006; mean ± SEM) to day 3 (0.047 ± 0.011) (P= 0.05 vs. baseline; n = 10) and remained elevated at day 7 (0.046 ± 0.012). IL‐8 levels (pg/μg of protein), however, declined by 70% from baseline (0.13 ± 0.06) to day 3 (0.04 ± 0.01), and remained low at day 7 (0.03 ± 0.02) (P< 0.05 vs. baseline; n = 10). Both IL‐8 and IL‐10 were unaffected by vehicle treatment. Calcipotriene‐induced clinical improvement of psoriasis is preceded by an increase in IL‐10 and a concomitant decrease in IL‐8 levels. The changes in the level of these two cytokines provide further evidence for immunological changes as a significant part of the mechanism of action of calcipotriene in psoriasis.
Microcytic anemia, erythropoietic protoporphyria, and neurodegeneration in mice with targeted deletion of iron-regulatory protein 2
Authors: Sharon S. Cooperman, Esther G. Meyron-Holtz, Hayden Olivierre-Wilson, Manik C. Ghosh, Joseph P. McConnell, Tracey A. Rouault
Journal: Blood (2005)
Results of an International Randomized Phase III Trial of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Ridaforolimus Versus Placebo to Control Metastatic Sarcomas in Patients After Benefit From Prior Chemotherapy
Authors: George D. Demetri, Sant P. Chawla, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Axel Le Cesne, Arthur P. Staddon, Mohammed M. Milhem, Nicolas Penel, Richard F. Riedel, Binh Bui-Nguyen, Lee D. Cranmer, Peter Reichardt, Emmanuelle Bompas, Thierry Alcindor, Daniel Rushing, Yang Song, Ruey-min Lee, Scot Ebbinghaus, Joseph E. Eid, John W. Loewy, Frank G. Haluska, Pierre F. Dodion, Jean-Yves Blay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Aberrant mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is common in sarcomas and other malignancies. Drug resistance and toxicities often limit benefits of systemic chemotherapy used to treat metastatic sarcomas. This large randomized placebo-controlled phase III trial evaluated the mTOR inhibitor ridaforolimus to assess maintenance of disease control in advanced sarcomas.Patients with metastatic soft tissue or bone sarcomas who achieved objective response or stable disease with prior chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive ridaforolimus 40 mg or placebo once per day for 5 days every week. Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary end points included overall survival (OS), best target lesion response, safety, and tolerability.A total of 711 patients were enrolled, and 702 received blinded study drug. Ridaforolimus treatment led to a modest, although significant, improvement in PFS per independent review compared with placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.85; P = .001; median PFS, 17.7 v 14.6 weeks). Ridaforolimus induced a mean 1.3% decrease in target lesion size versus a 10.3% increase with placebo (P < .001). Median OS with ridaforolimus was 90.6 weeks versus 85.3 weeks with placebo (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.12; P = .46). Adverse events (AEs) more common with ridaforolimus included stomatitis, infections, fatigue, thrombocytopenia, noninfectious pneumonitis, hyperglycemia, and rash. Grade ≥ 3 AEs were more common with ridaforolimus than placebo (64.1% v 25.6%).Ridaforolimus delayed tumor progression to a small statistically significant degree in patients with metastatic sarcoma who experienced benefit with prior chemotherapy. Toxicities were observed with ridaforolimus, as expected with mTOR inhibition. These data provide a foundation on which to further improve control of sarcomas.
Systemic immune suppression in glioblastoma: the interplay between CD14+HLA-DRlo/neg monocytes, tumor factors, and dexamethasone
Authors: Michael P. Gustafson, Yi Lin, Kent C. New, Peggy A. Bulur, Brian Patrick O'Neill, Dennis A. Gastineau, Allan B. Dietz
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2010)

Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) exhibit profound systemic immune defects that affect the success of conventional and immune-based treatments. A better understanding of the contribution of the tumor and/or therapy on systemic immune suppression is necessary for improved therapies, to monitor negative effects of novel treatments, to improve patient outcomes, and to increase understanding of this complex system. To characterize the immune profile of GBM patients, we phenotyped peripheral blood and compared these to normal donors. In doing so, we identified changes in systemic immunity associated with both the tumor and dexamethasone treated tumor bearing patients. In particular, dexamethasone exacerbated tumor associated lymphopenia primarily in the T cell compartment. We have also identified unique tumor and dexamethasone dependent altered monocyte phenotypes. The major population of altered monocytes (CD14(+)HLA-DR(lo/neg)) had a phenotype distinct from classical myeloid suppressor cells. These cells inhibited T cell proliferation, were unable to fully differentiate into mature dendritic cells, were associated with dexamethasone-mediated changes in CCL2 levels, and could be re-created in vitro using tumor supernatants. We provide evidence that tumors express high levels of CCL2, can contain high numbers of CD14(+) cells, that tumor supernatants can transform CD14(+)HLA-DR(+) cells into CD14(+)HLA-DR(lo/neg) immune suppressors, and that dexamethasone reduces CCL2 in vitro and is correlated with reduction of CCL2 in vivo. Consequently, we have developed a model for tumor mediated systemic immune suppression via recruitment and transformation of CD14(+) cells.