tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do Parasites Exist in Cancerous Tumours?
Authors: C. H. Cattle
Journal: BMJ (1893)

bandage, fixed by safety pinis in the maniier described.No spray is used at anv time.A rapid cure slhould be expectcd in uncomplicated eases if the patient is young.The filst of imy last three cases, a younig mnanl from wlhom I removed 93 ounces of purulenit fluid at the eomnmenceiment, was perfectly well, and the wounid completely healed, in thirty-tlhree days.In tllis case lno general anlestlhetic was given, but two or tlhree drops of an 8 per cent.solutioni of bydroclilorate of cocainie were injected at the poinit of in-cision.No paini was felt during the incision.The last two cases are striking examples of the success of the metlhods lhere described.CASE i.-Aii apparenitly dyinig lady, aged 61, witlh a temlperatulre of 1030, was operated oni on Janiuary 17tll, 1892, and the tube was finially remiioved onl Februairy 14tlh.Temiiperature norminal oni Feblruar y 7tlh.The expulsive power was so weak that the patient had to be lifted up occasioially .above the bed by two assistants, witlh the wounid depenidenit.In that positioin the finiger was inser-ted into the chest, anid the patient was miiade to cough.A quantity of fibrinous Tmiaterial, anid pus wlielh lhad been blocked up behind it, camie away on January 27tlh by this miiethod.Slhe is nlow (March 6th, 1893) in excellenit healtl.CASE wi.-J.C. P., aged 30, dark lankli hair-, cadaverous appear aniec.In Junie, 1891, lhad severe attack rheumatic fever-, lastinig teil weeks.In February, 1892, a sliglhter attack.About miiiddle of Septemiiber, 1892, beganl to have pain left side of chest; no cough.After-a week or two begain to lose appetite.Continiued at work witlh iniereasinig dyspnwea; still ino couglh.Began to feel sick oii October 1st.Paini in side worse niiglht anld mior-ninig, and always increased by lyinig dowp.Conitiniued out of doors till October 4thi, wlhen the pain grew acute.On the 8tlh, midinight, tlhere lbeing miiarked dulniess, witl displacemnenit of the lheart, anid great inierease of paini, he was aspirated over the spot of miiaximuiii dulniess, in this case at tlhe upper-borderof the tenth rib below tile angle of time scapula.Pus was obtained, most lhorriibly fcetid.The nieedle anid tlhe imietal parts of
Bronchial secretion from normal human airways after inhalation of prostaglandin F2alpha, acetylcholine, histamine, and citric acid.
Authors: M T Lopez-Vidriero, I Das, A P Smith, R Picot, L Reid
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Sputum produced by normal subjects after inhalation of prostaglandin F2alpha, acetylcholine, histamine, and citric acid has been analysed. Prostaglandin F2alpha was the most effective of the drugs in promoting sputum production. The material expectorated after inhalation of prostaglandin F2alpha shows the characteristics of mucoid sputum from patients with chronic bronchitis. The apparent viscosity and the concentration of marker substances for bronchial glycoprotein was in the lower part of the range found in mucoid chronic bronchitic sputum. The concentration of marker substances for serum glycoproteins and tissue fluid transudate were below the range found in chronic bronchitis, indicating that, in disease states, in addition to bronchial mucus there is a marked tissue fluid transudate component. Sputum produced after inhalation of acetylcholine and histamine contained relatively more tissue fluid transudate than sputum produced after inhalation of prostaglandin F2alpha, Sputum produced after inhalation of prostaglandin F2alpha, is of special value in indicating the nature of secretion from normal airways.
HORMONAL THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIRSUTIES
Authors: GEORGE B. DORFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1940)

Article1 May 1940HORMONAL THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIRSUTIESA Preliminary Report*GEORGE B. DORFF, M. D., F.A.C.P.GEORGE B. DORFF, M. D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-13-11-2112 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough it is true that to date physiotherapy has been the chief means employed in the treatment of hirsuties and hypertrichosis in females, it is obvious that, whereas it has its merits, it is a form of therapy which does not in any way take cognizance of the etiological factors involved. Although it is true that the etiological factors in hirsutism and virilism have not been definitely established, there is sufficient evidence as found by many investigators to indicate that the root of this disturbance is a glandular dyscrasia which usually can be associated with a disturbance of the adrenals,...Bibliography1. YOUNG HH: Genital abnormalities, hermaphroditism and related adrenal diseases, 1937, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, p. 243. Google Scholar2. ZONDEK B: Perkutane Follikelhormonetherapie, Schweiz. med. Wchnschr., 1935, lxv, 1168. Google Scholar3. GREENWOODBLYTHE AWJS: Variation in plumage response of brown leghorn capons to oestrone. I. Intramuscular injection, II. Intradermal injection, Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., London, Series B, 1935, cxviii, 97. Google Scholar4. KURZROK R: Endocrines in obstetrics and gynecology, 1937, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, p. 329. Google Scholar5. DE FREMERYMACBETH S—quoted by YOUNG, p. 611.1 Google Scholar6. GOLDZIEHER MA: Effects of interrenal function on fat metabolism and tissue respiration, Endocrinology, 1934, xviii, 182. Google Scholar7. GOLDZIEHER MA: Practical endocrinology, 1935, D. Appleton Century Co., pp. 96, 117, 184. Google Scholar8. PETERS AD: Case of hirsuties treated by ovarian follicular hormone, Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 1933-1934, xxvii, 809. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brooklyn, New York*Received for publication August 3, 1938. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDie Haare 1 May 1940Volume 13, Issue 11Page: 2112-2127KeywordsHormonal therapyPhysiotherapy Issue Published: 1 May 1940 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Antipsychotic Agents and Serum Prolactin Levels
Authors: Donald D. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their report of statistically significant increases in serum prolactin levels among hypertensive patients receiving reserpine (235: 2316, 1976) Dr Lee et al suggested that "reserpine may facilitate synthesis or release or it may delay degradation of prolactin even when the drug is given for as long as 23 years." The antipsychotic agents include a number of major classes of drugs, one of which is reserpine, the most widely used derivative of<i>Rauwolfia serpentina</i>. Today, the reserpines are essentially no longer used in psychiatric treatment because they are less effective and more toxic than many of the other classes. However, the phenothiazines and some other neuroleptic drugs have been clearly demonstrated to increase serum prolactin levels in man. This increase in serum prolactin levels is measurable within 72 hours of initiation of oral administration and persists for up to the three months in subjects who have been
RADIUM TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASE
Authors: C. Regaud
Journal: BMJ (1929)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following RADIUM TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT DISEASE Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
A Prescription for the Rising Cost of Medical Care
Authors: Vernon H. Mark
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE RECENT presidential and congressional elections have refocused public attention on the steeply rising cost of health care. Some influential critics have put the blame on new medical technologies and have suggested a moratorium on the installation of expensive medical equipment such as computerized tomographic scanning units. Other observers have indicted the malpractice crisis and the increasing tendency of physicians to practice "defensive medicine." The reputed list of excessive cost-producers includes nearly every person and institution taking part in the provision of health care. However, physicians remain the central figures in our medical system; and whether they are directly or indirectly involved in the financial crisis in medicine, they must share the responsibility and participate in any reasonable solution. At least three problem areas in medicine require change—change that can be initiated, or at least stimulated, by physicians. <h3>Outpatient Care</h3> There is general agreement that outpatient care is less expensive
Maintenance Dialysis After 20 Years
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1980)

"In the lay mind, the kidneys seem to join the heart and brain in the inner circle of really vital organs, while the lethal potentialities of diseases of the lungs, liver, stomach, and blood-vessels are less seriously regarded." Thus wrote Sir Douglas Black 20 years ago almost to the very day, quoting Sir Walter Scott's pessimistic view that "when a man makes blood instead of water, he is tempted to think of the possibility of his soon making earth."<sup>1</sup>Yet even closer to the graveyard, within living memory, was the luckless person who made no water whatsoever, or whose sclerotic glomeruli reluctantly squeezed out so insubstantial a secretion that life miserably ebbed away until stupor, convulsions, and coma mercifully secured a release from living death. All this began to change when Quinton et al<sup>2</sup>contrived to connect the arterial cannula directly to the venous, "thereby creating a small
Pagetic pain--a phonetic discomfort
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1978)

If Sir James Paget were alive today, would he be shocked to see his name transmuted into an eponymic adjective? Would he be appalled to find a reference ( Lancet 2:213, 1978) to pagetic pain? We have no way of knowing, although rumor has it that the sound of a body turning in its grave can on occasion be heard near the cemetery where the renowned English surgeon lies buried.  Why, one might ask, should there be shock, even surprise, at the sight of an eponymic adjective? So many of the world's famous and infamous have bequeathed their names for such adjectival use. We engage in socratic dialogue, profess platonic love, entertain napoleonic ambitions, connive in machiavellian intrigues, strike byronic poses, undertake herculean labors, and watch out for freudian slips. As physicians we encounter our own eponymic adjectives—parkinsonian tremor, pavlovian reflexes, pickwickian syndrome—in great profusion.  Our exposure to adjectivized eponyms should
Coagulation and fibrinolysis in intact hydatidiform molar pregnancy.
Authors: F H Tsakok, S Koh, S S Ratnam
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Tests of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet function were performed in 17 patients with intact molar pregnancies. Women with intact molar pregnancies had higher fibrinogen factor VIII, and fibrinogen degradation products, concentrations and lower prothrombin, factor X, plasminogen, and plasminogen activator concentrations than controls with normal pregnancies. They also had reduced platelet counts and thromboelastographic values, which indicated hypocoagulability. These results suggest that intravascular coagulation occurs in intact hydatidiform molar pregnancies.
Managing complications of the diabetic foot
Authors: K. Cheer, C. Shearman, E. B Jude
Journal: BMJ (2009)

#### Summary points

Fifteen per cent of patients with diabetes will develop a foot ulcer in their lifetime. Foot complications (box 1) account for more hospital admissions than any other complication of diabetes, with considerable morbidity and mortality.1 People with diabetes are eight to 24 times more likely than those without diabetes to have a lower limb amputated.2 Around 85% of these amputations could be avoided by early detection of foot complications, timely intervention, involvement of a diabetic foot care team, good diabetes control, and patient education.3 4 Although we review the various complications separately, patients often have multiple problems.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Medline and PubMed from 1995 to 2009, focusing on evidence based publications on the diabetic foot and randomised trials for treatment of diabetic foot complications. We supplement these sources with our own knowledge of the literature and selected reviews.

#### Box 1 Foot complications in diabetes5

In 1989 the St Vincent Declaration set out the aim of reducing lower limb amputations …
Deciding who needs thrombolysis. Domiciliary ECGs unreliable.
Authors: S M Haq, N I Jowett
Journal: BMJ (1993)

conclusions regarding the sensitivity and specificity of electrocardiographic criteria for myocardial infarction in their study therefore remains in doubt.Receiver operator characteristic curves should aim for the highest accuracy because of their value in portraying grades of diagnostic uncertainty, the therapeutic implications of diagnostic uncertainty being especially important in the risk:benefit analysis of potentially dangerous drug treatments.In this context, ST segment elevation should continue to be used as a precondition for thrombo- lytic treatment because of evidence that streptokinase given within two hours of the onset of chest pain produces the most beneficial effects on left ventricular function and survival in the subset of patients with a sum of ST segment elevation of 1*2 mV.
Anaphylaxis to diclofenac: nine cases reported to the Allergy Vigilance Network in France
Authors: J. Picaud, E. Beaudouin, J. M. Renaudin, F. Pirson, C. Metz‐Favre, M. Dron‐Gonzalvez, D. A. Moneret‐Vautrin
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Nine cases of diclofenac hypersensitivity recorded by the Allergy Vigilance Network in France from 2002 to 2012 were studied. Data from history, symptoms, skin tests, basophil activation tests, and oral challenge (OC) were recorded. Grade 3 severe anaphylactic reactions occurred in seven cases of nine. IgE-dependent anaphylaxis was confirmed in six cases: positive intradermal tests (n = 4), a syndromic reaction during skin tests (n = 1), and one case with grade 1 reaction and negative skin tests had an anaphylactic shock to the OC. A nonimmune reaction was suspected in one case. An IgE-dependent mechanism may be the predominant cause of adverse reactions to diclofenac. Allergy skin tests must be carried out sequentially at the recommended concentrations. BATs may be helpful because they can support the diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Given the risks of a direct challenge to diclofenac, OC to aspirin should be performed first to exclude a nonimmunologic hypersensitivity to NSAIDs. Tests for specific IgEs to most frequently used NSAIDs such as diclofenac and ibuprofen are urgently needed.
Mechanisms Causing Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia With Multiple QRS Morphologies
Authors: Constantinos Costeas, Nicholas S. Peters, Bernd Waldecker, Edward J. Ciaccio, Andrew L. Wit, James Coromilas
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Sustained reentrant ventricular tachycardias (VTs) with different QRS morphologies have been observed to occur spontaneously and during programmed stimulation in human hearts. We determined mechanisms that can cause tachycardias with multiple morphologies in a canine model of myocardial infarction by mapping reentrant circuits. Methods and Results Reentrant VT with multiple QRS morphologies was induced in 11 canine hearts with 4-day-old infarcts. Comparison of activation maps of the reentrant circuits in the epicardial border zone associated with each morphology indicated two basic mechanisms. Less frequently, VTs of different morphologies in the same heart were caused by reentrant circuits in different regions of the infarct. Most commonly, the reentrant circuits associated with different morphologies were in the same region. Three different factors caused different exit routes from circuits in the same region, leading to the multiple morphologies. (1) The reentrant wave front for each morphology rotated around the same line of block but in different directions. (2) Reentrant circuits associated with each morphology were similar, but there were small changes in the extent of the central line of block. (3) Reentrant circuits with completely different sizes and shapes caused different morphologies. Conclusions In this canine model, tachycardias with multiple morphologies most commonly arise from reentrant circuits in the same region of the infarct, suggesting that most often only one area has electrophysiological properties necessary to sustain reentry.
Activation of interleukin-13 expression in T cells from HTLV-1-infected individuals and in chronically infected cell lines
Authors: Hye-Kyung Chung, Howard A. Young, Peter K. C. Goon, Gisela Heidecker, Gerald L. Princler, Osamu Shimozato, Graham P. Taylor, Charles R. M. Bangham, David Derse
Journal: Blood (2003)
From cardiac anaesthetist to humanist officiant
Authors: R. Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (2003)

the many diverse circumstances in which medicine is practised throughout the world, it is important always to be empathetic to the individual situation of each patient.By adopting a set of simple and practical strategies, doctors should be better able to convey information on risk to their patients.Competing interest: JP earns his living from teaching about and consulting on risk communication with doctors and genetic counsellors.1 Paling J. Up to your armpits in alligators?How to sort to what risks are worth worrying about.
Splanchnic Venous Pressure–Volume Relation During Experimental Acute Ischemic Heart Failure
Authors: Steven Y. Wang, Dante E. Manyari, Nairne Scott-Douglas, Otto A. Smiseth, Eldon R. Smith, John V. Tyberg
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Vasodilator drugs have variable effects on veins and arteries. However, direct measurements of their effects on the splanchnic veins, perhaps the most important volume reservoir, have not been reported. We assessed the effect of acute heart failure and the subsequent administration of hydralazine, enalaprilat, and nitroglycerin on the splanchnic venous pressure–volume relation in intact dogs. Methods and Results Experimental acute ischemic heart failure was induced in 19 splenectomized dogs by microsphere embolization of the left main coronary artery. Embolization was repeated until left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) reached 20 mm Hg and cardiac output decreased by 50%. The splanchnic vascular pressure–volume relation was determined by radionuclide plethysmography during the control stage, after acute heart failure had been established, and after administration of a vasodilator (hydralazine, enalaprilat, or nitroglycerin) at a dose sufficient to reduce mean aortic pressure by approximately 20%. Induction of acute heart failure was associated with a decrease in the splanchnic vascular volume from 100% to 86±2% and an increase in LVEDP from 6±1 to 21±1 mm Hg ( P &lt;.001). There was a parallel leftward shift of the splanchnic vascular pressure–volume curve. After the administration of hydralazine, enalaprilat, and nitroglycerin, the splanchnic vascular volumes increased from 86% to 88±3%, 96±3%, and 113±3%, respectively ( P =NS, P &lt;.01, and P &lt;.001, respectively, versus heart failure). After drug administration, the LVEDPs were 18±2, 16±1, and 13±1 mm Hg ( P =NS, P &lt;.05, and P &lt;.001, respectively, versus heart failure). Conclusions Acute heart failure was associated with a parallel leftward shift of the splanchnic venous pressure–volume relation (venoconstriction). Splanchnic (systemic) venoconstriction may in part explain the increased LVEDP during acute heart failure by displacement of blood to the central compartment. Subsequently administered enalaprilat and, to a greater degree, nitroglycerin produced splanchnic venodilation, thereby lowering LVEDP. Hydralazine had no significant effect on the splanchnic veins and only a modest effect on LVEDP. In this model, splanchnic capacitance changes appear to modulate change in left ventricular preload.
Measuring Diagnostic Errors in Primary Care
Authors: David E. Newman-Toker, Martin A. Makary
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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An Evaluation of the Efficacy of Methods Used in Screening for Lower-Limb Arterial Disease in Diabetes
Authors: Dean T. Williams, Keith G. Harding, Patricia Price
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

studies are usually appropriate, but realistically speaking, why would industry fund studies that have an excellent chance of showing what a number of smaller studies have already shown, especially since they are making a lot of money in that market already?And, if a larger study were negative, wouldn't there be cries to do even larger ones?After all, one can really never prove a negative.There is always the possibility that another slight twist or an even larger study could be positive.If it takes a very large number of subjects to show a significant positive result, the clinical benefit must be difficult to uncover.At some point, one has to conclude that enough is enough and we have to accept the results at hand.In the meantime, large amounts of money are being diverted from better uses in our health care system.
Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on the Effect of Oral Tolvaptan on Left Ventricular Dilation and Function in Patients With Heart Failure and Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: James E. Udelson, Frank A. McGrew, Enrique Flores, Hassan Ibrahim, Stewart Katz, Gregory Koshkarian, Terrence O’Brien, Marvin W. Kronenberg, Christopher Zimmer, Cesare Orlandi, Marvin A. Konstam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)