tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Invasive thymoma: the role of mediastinal irradiation following complete or incomplete surgical resection.
Authors: W J Curran, M J Kornstein, J J Brooks, A T Turrisi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1988)

To evaluate the role of mediastinal irradiation (RT) following surgery for invasive thymomas, a clinical and pathologic review of 117 patients with the diagnosis of thymoma was completed. Fourteen cases were excluded because of the lack of histologic criteria for a thymic tumor, and the remaining 103 were classified according to a staging system as follows: stage I, completely encapsulated (43); stage II, extension through the capsule or pericapsular fat invasion (21); stage III, invasion of adjacent structures (36); and stage IV, thoracic dissemination or metastases (3). The 5-year actuarial survival and relapse-free survival rates were 67% and 100% for stage I, 86% and 58% for stage II, and 69% and 53% for stage III. No recurrences occurred among stage I patients after total resection without RT. However, eight of 21 patients with invasive (stage II or III) thymomas had mediastinal recurrence as the first site of failure following total resection without RT. The 5-year actuarial mediastinal relapse rate of 53% in this group compares unfavorably with the mediastinal relapse rate seen among stage II or III cases following total resection with RT (0%) or following subtotal resection/biopsy with RT (21%). Despite attempted salvage therapy, five of eight patients with mediastinal relapse following total resection alone died of progressive disease. No significant difference was observed in the local relapse rate, overall relapse rate, or survival between those patients undergoing biopsy and RT v subtotal resection and RT for invasive thymomas (stages II and III). Total resection alone appears to be inadequate therapy resulting in an unacceptably high local failure rate with poor salvage therapy results.
THE ADSORPTION OF PROTEINS ON ERYTHROCYTES TREATED WITH TANNIC ACID AND SUBSEQUENT HEMAGGLUTINATION BY ANTIPROTEIN SERA
Authors: Stephen V. Boyden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

Treatment of sheep erythrocytes with suitable concentrations of tannic acid render them capable of adsorbing certain protein molecules from solution in saline. Red cells which have adsorbed proteins in this way are agglutinated after washing by the homologous antiprotein sera, even by high dilutions. Through hemagglutination sera can be titrated for antibodies against antigens adsorbed on the cells exposed to tannic acid. Furthermore, small amounts of the antigens can be detected through their power to inhibit hemagglutination of the treated cells.
Increased plasma motilin concentrations in small cell carcinoma of the lung.
Authors: A Noseda, T L Peeters, M Delhaye, V Bormans, Y Couvreur, G Vandermoten, P de Francquen, P Rocmans, J C Yernault
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Plasma samples from 21 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were screened for pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, motilin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. One patient had severe impairment of both renal and liver function. In the 20 remaining subjects vasoactive intestinal polypeptide concentrations were normal, and only two patients had increased concentrations of somatostatin. Increases in pancreatic polypeptide were detected more commonly (7/20), but these may have been non-specific age related increases. The major finding was high concentrations of motilin (greater than 496 pg/ml) in 17 of 20 patients. Plasma motilin was subsequently assayed in 16 more patients with lung cancer, including 10 patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. At concentrations over 900 pg/ml plasma motilin appears to be a tumour marker for small cell carcinoma of the lung with acceptable sensitivity (59%) and specificity (78%). The origin of increased plasma motilin in small cell carcinoma of the lung was investigated. Bombesin (gastrin releasing peptide), a peptide known to stimulate the release of motilin in man, was, as in previous studies, detected in tumour but not in plasma, except in one patient out of 21. Immunohistochemical studies failed to detect motilin antigen in biopsy samples. Motilin tumour content was found to be low in tumour tissue from three patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung who had appreciable hypermotilinaemia and from three patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung who had either normal or slightly raised plasma motilin concentrations. The stimulus to motilin secretion in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung remains unclear.
In vivo expansion of T reg cells with IL-2–mAb complexes: induction of resistance to EAE and long-term acceptance of islet allografts without immunosuppression
Authors: Kylie E. Webster, Stacey Walters, Rachel E. Kohler, Tomas Mrkvan, Onur Boyman, Charles D. Surh, Shane T. Grey, Jonathan Sprent
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Via a transcription factor, Foxp3, immunoregulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells (T reg cells) play an important role in suppressing the function of other T cells. Adoptively transferring high numbers of T reg cells can reduce the intensity of the immune response, thereby providing an attractive prospect for inducing tolerance. Extending our previous findings, we describe an in vivo approach for inducing rapid expansion of T reg cells by injecting mice with interleukin (IL)-2 mixed with a particular IL-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Injection of these IL-2–IL-2 mAb complexes for a short period of 3 d induces a marked (&amp;gt;10-fold) increase in T reg cell numbers in many organs, including the liver and gut as well as the spleen and lymph nodes, and a modest increase in the thymus. The expanded T reg cells survive for 1–2 wk and are highly activated and display superior suppressive function. Pretreating with the IL-2–IL-2 mAb complexes renders the mice resistant to induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; combined with rapamycin, the complexes can also be used to treat ongoing disease. In addition, pretreating mice with the complexes induces tolerance to fully major histocompatibility complex–incompatible pancreatic islets in the absence of immunosuppression. Tolerance is robust and the majority of grafts are accepted indefinitely. The approach described for T reg cell expansion has clinical potential for treating autoimmune disease and promoting organ transplantation.
Fish Intake, Contaminants, and Human Health
Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Eric B. Rimm
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ContextFish (finfish or shellfish) may have health benefits and also contain contaminants, resulting in confusion over the role of fish consumption in a healthy diet.Evidence AcquisitionWe searched MEDLINE, governmental reports, and meta-analyses, supplemented by hand reviews of references and direct investigator contacts, to identify reports published through April 2006 evaluating (1) intake of fish or fish oil and cardiovascular risk, (2) effects of methylmercury and fish oil on early neurodevelopment, (3) risks of methylmercury for cardiovascular and neurologic outcomes in adults, and (4) health risks of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls in fish. We concentrated on studies evaluating risk in humans, focusing on evidence, when available, from randomized trials and large prospective studies. When possible, meta-analyses were performed to characterize benefits and risks most precisely.Evidence SynthesisModest consumption of fish (eg, 1-2 servings/wk), especially species higher in the n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), reduces risk of coronary death by 36% (95% confidence interval, 20%-50%; P&lt;.001) and total mortality by 17% (95% confidence interval, 0%-32%; P = .046) and may favorably affect other clinical outcomes. Intake of 250 mg/d of EPA and DHA appears sufficient for primary prevention. DHA appears beneficial for, and low-level methylmercury may adversely affect, early neurodevelopment. Women of childbearing age and nursing mothers should consume 2 seafood servings/wk, limiting intake of selected species. Health effects of low-level methylmercury in adults are not clearly established; methylmercury may modestly decrease the cardiovascular benefits of fish intake. A variety of seafood should be consumed; individuals with very high consumption (≥5 servings/wk) should limit intake of species highest in mercury levels. Levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls in fish are low, and potential carcinogenic and other effects are outweighed by potential benefits of fish intake and should have little impact on choices or consumption of seafood (women of childbearing age should consult regional advisories for locally caught freshwater fish).ConclusionsFor major health outcomes among adults, based on both the strength of the evidence and the potential magnitudes of effect, the benefits of fish intake exceed the potential risks. For women of childbearing age, benefits of modest fish intake, excepting a few selected species, also outweigh risks.
Medical Therapy for the Patient With Obesity
Authors: George A. Bray, Donna H. Ryan
Journal: Circulation (2012)

A lthough the prevalence of overweight in the United States during the past decade has been stable and the median body mass index (BMI), at least in women, may have remained constant, 1,2 the prevalence of obesity now exceeds 34% of US adults, 1 and the prevalence of more severe obesity continues to rise at alarming rates.Excessive weight is a problem for children and adolescents, as well. 3The fundamental problem underlying obesity is a small, but prolonged, positive energy balance, where energy derived from food exceeds energy expended for everyday living. 3,4Obesity is associated with many illnesses that are related to and may be caused by excess fat. 5 Selection of medications for these associated conditions should take into consideration the effect of the selected drugs on body weight, because obesity is a root cause in most cases.
The vast complexity of primary open angle glaucoma: Disease genes, risks, molecular mechanisms and pathobiology
Authors: Sarah F. Janssen, Theo G.M.F. Gorgels, Wishal D. Ramdas, Caroline C.W. Klaver, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Nomdo M. Jansonius, Arthur A.B. Bergen
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2013)
Quality of reporting in sports injury prevention abstracts according to the CONSORT and STROBE criteria: an analysis of the World Congress of Sports Injury Prevention in 2005 and 2008
Authors: Uzung Yoon, Karsten Knobloch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2009)

Objective The quality of reporting in congress abstracts is likely to influence clinical decision-making. Hypothesis The quality of reporting in sports injury prevention abstracts has increased over the last 3 years, as did the number of randomised controlled trials (RCT). Methods 154 abstracts from the 2005 and 186 abstracts from 2008 World Conferences on Sports Injury Prevention in Norway were analysed. Main outcome measures Scores of 17 Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) criteria for RCT, or 22 Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria for observational studies were determined. Results Improvement in reporting was evident in RCT (CONSORT score 5.8±0.9 vs 8.6±2.9, p=0.001, CI −4.29 to −1.43) as well as for observational studies (STROBE score 7.9±1.6 vs 9.9±1.7, p&lt;0.001, CI −2.34 to −1.53) between 2005 and 2008. RCTs were published in 9.1% in 2005 versus 10.2% in 2008 (p=0.727). RCT demonstrated a significant improvement in main outcome (0% vs 57.9%, p&lt;0.001). For observational studies, a significant improvement was reported in rationale (53.5% vs 98.2%, p&lt;0.001), objectives (82.2% vs 95.1%, p=0.012), study design (25.2% vs 65%, p&lt;0.001), setting (43.7% vs 65.6%, p=0.002), variables (20.7% vs 74.2%, p&lt;0.001), participants (0.7% vs 10.4%, p=0.001) and funding (0% vs 5.5%, p=0.006). Conclusion While the percentage of published RCTs in abstracts at the World Congress of Sports Injury Prevention remained unchanged, an improvement in reporting of abstracts was evident from 2005 to 2008, as determined by CONSORT/STROBE criteria. However, substantial and comprehensive use of the CONSORT and STROBE criteria might further increase the quality of reporting of sports injury conference abstracts in the future.
Gene transactivation without direct DNA binding defines a novel gain-of-function for PML-RARα
Authors: Sake van Wageningen, Marleen C. Breems-de Ridder, Jeannet Nigten, Gorica Nikoloski, Claudia A. J. Erpelinck-Verschueren, Bob Löwenberg, Theo de Witte, Daniel G. Tenen, Bert A. van der Reijden, Joop H. Jansen
Journal: Blood (2007)
New Mechanism of Antiarrhythmic Drug Action
Authors: Candido Cabo, Heiko Schmitt, Andrew L. Wit
Journal: Circulation (2000)

We studied whether increasing L-type calcium current has antiarrhythmic effects.Reentrant circuits in the epicardial border zone (EBZ) of healing canine infarcts were mapped during sustained ventricular tachycardia. The cardiac-specific L-type calcium current enhancer Bay Y5959 prevented initiation of sustained ventricular tachycardia in 7 of 14 experiments. Bay Y5959 caused slowing of conduction in areas of slow nonuniform conduction in reentrant circuits; block eventually occurred. Conduction was not affected in other regions of the circuits or in more normal areas of the EBZ, nor was the EBZ effective refractory period changed. Bay Y5959 also improved conduction of premature impulses so that lines of unidirectional block necessary for VT initiation were not formed, an effect not related to a change in the effective refractory period at the site of block.Block of conduction caused by enhanced L-type calcium current in reentrant circuits may result from a decreased gap junctional conductance consequent to an increase in intracellular calcium. An increase in L-type calcium current may improve conduction of premature impulses.
Predicting Mortality in Patients With Bleeding Peptic Ulcers After Therapeutic Endoscopy
Authors: Philip W.Y. Chiu, Enders K.W. Ng, Frances K.Y. Cheung, Francis K.L. Chan, W.K. Leung, Justin C.Y. Wu, Vincent W.S. Wong, M.Y. Yung, Kelvin Tsoi, James Y.W. Lau, Joseph J.Y. Sung, Sydney S.C. Chung
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
Studies on long chain fatty acid:CoA ligase from human small intestine.
Authors: H Bierbach
Journal: Gut (1980)

Long chain fatty acid:CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.3.) was examined in human small intestinal mucosa using the hydroxamate-trapping method. With optimal assay requirements using palmitate as substrate a significant difference of specific activities could be detected in the total homogenate from duodenum, 40.9 +/- 11.6 nmol/min per mg protein versus upper jejunum, 51.9 +/- 13.7 (P less than 0.05). The enzyme activity of the microsomal fraction of upper jejunum was 101.8 +/- 44 nmol/min per mg protein. ATP, CoA, and Mg2+ were essential constituents of the reaction. A broad pH-optimum was observed between 6.75 and 7.75 with a maximum at a pH of 7.25. Whereas palmitate in the presence of albumin revealed a wide range of optimal concentration in supporting maximal enzyme activity, oleate was found to strongly inhibit the reaction. Where substrate specificity with both the total homogenate and the microsomal fraction was concerned, maximal reaction rates were obtained with palmitate for the long chain saturated fatty acids C12:09 C14:09 C16:09 and C18:09 and with oleate for the long chain unsaturated fatty acids C18:1 C18:29 and C18:39 respectively. The highest specific activity of the enzyme was localised in the microsomal fraction. The kinetic data and properties of the long chain fatty acid: CoA ligase from human intestine are discussed with respect to the intestinal enzyme from other species.
The scope of neuroethology
Authors: Graham Hoyle
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1984)

Abstract Neuroethology, an interdisciplinary subdivision of neuroscience, has emerged in recent years. Since 1976 there has been a regular session under this heading at the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. In 1980 two introductory texts in English were published on the subject (Ewert 1980; Guthrie 1980), and a third (Camhi 1984) was published recently. There is widespread interest in neural mechanisms underlying behavior, but they encompass such a vast array of often unrelated topics that proponents do not share common goals. This article describes the emergence of ethology as a discipline, pointing out that its practitioners were successful because they confined their research to stereotyped, complex, nonlearned, innate behavioral acts. A limited number of profoundly significant principles emerged. Each of these is redefined. The major concepts of earlier ethology were embodied in a simple hydraulic model used by Konrad Lorenz in 1949 (Lorenz 1950). It is pointed out that this model implies the existence of common neurophysiological mechanisms and neuronal circuitry. This model has now been made obsolete by neurophysiological progress, but with appropriate modifications an updated version may still be useful in focusing attention on possible principles. The initial aim of neuroethology should be to examine the neurophysiological events in a variety of behaviors, exhibited by diverse animals from different phyla, which meet the criteria of innate behavioral acts. The behaviors should be sufficiently complex to interest ethologists, yet they should be addressable with neurophysiological methods down to the cellular level. In the case of vertebrates this may mean working with brain slices as well as whole animals, but for some invertebrates recording should be possible in the nearly intact animal during execution of the behavior. The work will be exacting and very difficult, and it is not likely to get done at all unless neuroethologists recognize that they should both train and discipline themselves and restrict their attention to welldefined goals.
The Asthma Impact Record (AIR) index: a rating scale to evaluate the quality of life of asthmatic patients in France
Authors: M Letrait, A Lurie, K Bean, M Mesbah, A Venot, G Strauch, BM Grandordy, J Chwalow
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Asthma is a chronic disease, which affects patients' daily lives. The goal of this study was the development of a disease-specific scale to evaluate quality of life in asthmatic patients in France: The Asthma Impact Record Index (AIR Index). The study was conducted with the participation of 486 asthmatic patients using the following steps: 1) selection of dichotomous items; 2) reduction of the number of items; 3) study of reproducibility of the questionnaire; 4) weighting of items; 5) study of the reliability and validity of the final version of the AIR Index. The final version of the AIR Index contains 63 unweighted items. The items were classified into subscales representing the main dimensions of quality of life: 1) physical, which was itself split into two subscales: a) physical activities; and b) symptoms; 2) psychological; and 3) social or relational. The internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficients, was found to be high, for the global scale and all subscales (range 0.79-0.94). The concurrent validity, evaluated by studying the relationship between the score values on the global scale and the subscales, and the parameters reflecting disease severity, was also high. We conclude that the AIR Index might represent a useful evaluative and discriminant instrument in studying quality of life in asthma in French populations.
Natural history and outcomes in localised immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis: a long-term observational study
Authors: Shameem Mahmood, Frank Bridoux, Christopher P Venner, Sajitha Sachchithanantham, Janet A Gilbertson, Dorota Rowczenio, Thomas Wagner, Rabya Sayed, Ketna Patel, Marianna Fontana, Carol J Whelan, Helen J Lachmann, Philip N Hawkins, Julian D Gillmore, Ashutosh D Wechalekar
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2015)
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups in early-onset Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Johanna Krüger, Reetta Hinttala, Kari Majamaa, Anne M Remes
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2010)

Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and the accumulation of somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been associated with certain neurodegenerative disorders. Previous studies have also provided controversial results on the association of mtDNA haplogroups with susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but possible relationships between mtDNA and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) have been less frequently studied.We analysed the role of mtDNA and its maintenance enzymes in 128 early-onset AD (eoAD) and in 66 FTLD cases. Patients and 99 controls were collected from a defined region of Finland, that of Northern Ostrobothnia, for the determination of mtDNA haplogroups and the analysis of two common mtDNA mutations (m.3243A>G, m.8344A>G). In addition, screening was performed for five common POLG1 mutations (T251I, A467T, P587L, W748S and Y955C) and all the coding exons of the PEO1 and ANT1 genes were screened for mutations.The frequency of haplogroup cluster IWX was 2.3 fold higher among the FTLD cases than in the controls (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.09-6.65, p = 0.028). The frequency of mtDNA haplogroups or clusters did not differ between the eoAD cases and controls. The two mtDNA mutations and five POLG1 mutations were absent in the eoAD and FTLD patients. No pathogenic mutations were found in the PEO1 or ANT1 genes.We conclude that the haplogroup cluster IWX was associated with FTLD in our cohort. Further studies in other ethnically distinct cohorts are needed to clarify the contribution of mtDNA haplogroups to FTLD and AD.
Impact of diabetes mellitus on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Georgia - Cohort study
Authors: Marina Kikvidze, Lali Mikiashvili
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). There is growing evidence that this comorbidity might affect TB-disease presentation and treatment response.  Aims and objectives. We investigated the level of impact of diabetes mellitus on drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) treatment outcomes in condition of adequate management of both diseases.  Methods. Cohort study was provided among 1154 drug-resistant tuberculosis patients integrated in DOTS+ programme in 2009-2010 years in Georgia. Every patient was routinely investigated for DM. To compare the treatment outcomes of patients with and those without diabetes comorbidity dispersive analysis using Kruskal-Wallis - H criteria was provided.  Results. Among 1154 DR-TB patients only 69 (5, 98%) had diabetes mellitus. All of them developed pulmonary form of TB and were HIV-negative. 61 (88, 4%) patient was male, mean age was 46, 8 (Standard deviation-12,67), mean BMI-23,44 (St.dev.- 3,78). In 3 (4,3%) patient was revealed extensively-DR-TB, in 58 (84,1%) - multi-DR-TB, and in 7 (10, 1%) - poly-DR-TB. 91,3% patients had II type of DM and 86,9% received insulin therapy. Definition: “successful treatment” received 55% diabetic patient vs 56 % non-diabetic, “Default”-36,2% vs 27,6%; “Failure” – 5,8 % vs 4,7 %; “Death” – 4,3% vs 9,6 % (p>0,05).  Conclusions. We found no significant difference in proportion of successful treatment outcomes, though default rate was rather higher in patients with diabetes than non-diabetes in the setting of adequate treatment options and management in Georgia.