tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Phases of Adult Life: A Study in Developmental Psychology
Authors: ROGER L. GOULD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The author believes that adulthood as a developmental period has been conceptually and empirically ignored in the psychiatric literature with but few exceptions. Two studies on the subject are reported: an observational study of psychiatric outpatients seen in age-homogeneous groups and a questionnaire study of 524 nonpatients. The author found discriminations between age groupings that center largely on the subjects' sense of time and on their attitudes toward self and others in relation to that variable.
Incidence of a history of incest among 18 female psychiatric patients
Authors: Alvin A. Rosenfeld
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1979)

The author ascertained the frequency of reports of a history of incest among the 18 female psychiatric outpatients he first evaluated or treated in a one-year period. Six of these patients (33%) reported a history of incest. The author suggests that if this figure reflects actual prevalence, previous estimates of a history of incest among female psychiatric patients may have been mistakenly low. He discusses the implications and limitations of the statistics.
Paying attention to arbitrary causality and the preciseness of conclusion
Authors: Chao Zeng, Shu-Guang Gao, Guang-Hua Lei
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

We read with deep interest the article by Jin et al 1 related to relationship between serum C reactive protein (CRP) levels measured by a high sensitivity method and osteoarthritis (OA), as well as the correlation between circulating CRP levels and OA phenotypes. We really appreciate the work which was done by the authors. However, after reading, there are some worthwhile issues that need to be explored.

First, the authors concluded “Low-grade systemic inflammation may play a greater role in symptoms rather than radiographic changes in OA” which is a cause-effect conclusion. However, 15 observational studies were …
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Michael Poyurovsky, Camil Fuchs, Abraham Weizman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

The aim of the present study was to determine the rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Fifty patients consecutively hospitalized with first-episode psychosis who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia spectrum disorders were assessed for OCD. The instruments used were the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Schedule for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Schedule for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.Seven (14%) of the 50 schizophrenic patients met DSM-IV criteria for OCD and scored significantly lower than schizophrenic patients without OCD on the formal thought disorder subscale of the SAPS and the flattened affect subscale of the SANS.OCD is relatively frequent in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and may have a "protective" effect on some schizophrenic symptoms, at least in the early stages of the disease.
Surveillance for Stage I Nonseminoma Testicular Cancer: Outcomes and Long-Term Follow-Up in a Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Gedske Daugaard, Maria Gry Gundgaard, Mette Saksø Mortensen, Mads Agerbæk, Niels Vilstrup Holm, Mikael Rørth, Hans von der Maase, Ib Jarle Christensen, Jakob Lauritsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

To describe treatment results in a large cohort with stage I nonseminoma germ cell cancer (NSGCC) treated in a surveillance program.From January 1, 1984, to December 31, 2007, 1,226 patients with stage I NSGCC, including high-risk patients with vascular invasion, were observed in a surveillance program.The relapse rate after orchiectomy alone was 30.6% at 5 years. Presence of vascular invasion together with embryonal carcinoma and rete testis invasion in the testicular primary identified a group with a relapse risk of 50%. Without risk factors, the relapse risk was 12%. Eighty percent of relapses were diagnosed within the first year after orchiectomy. The median time to relapse was 5 months (range, 1 to 308 months). Early relapses were mainly detected by increase in tumor markers, and late relapses were detected by computed tomography scans. Relapses after 5 years were seen in 0.5% of the whole cohort or in 1.6% of relapsing patients. The majority of relapses (94.4%) belonged to the good prognostic group according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group classification. The disease-specific survival at 15 years was 99.1%.A surveillance policy for patients with stage I NSGCC is a safe approach associated with an excellent cure rate and an overall low treatment burden despite a high relapse rate in a small group of patients. We recommend surveillance for patients with stage I NSGCC with immediate systemic treatment at relapse. Clearly defined risk factors for relapse are presented if an option of risk-adapted treatment is preferred.
MECP2 disorders: from the clinic to mice and back
Authors: Laura Marie Lombardi, Steven Andrew Baker, Huda Yahya Zoghbi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Two severe, progressive neurological disorders characterized by intellectual disability, autism, and developmental regression, Rett syndrome and MECP2 duplication syndrome, result from loss and gain of function, respectively, of the same critical gene, methyl-CpG–binding protein 2 (MECP2). Neurons acutely require the appropriate dose of MECP2 to function properly but do not die in its absence or overexpression. Instead, neuronal dysfunction can be reversed in a Rett syndrome mouse model if MeCP2 function is restored. Thus, MECP2 disorders provide a unique window into the delicate balance of neuronal health, the power of mouse models, and the importance of chromatin regulation in mature neurons. In this Review, we will discuss the clinical profiles of MECP2 disorders, the knowledge acquired from mouse models of the syndromes, and how that knowledge is informing current and future clinical studies.
Genome-wide association analysis in primary sclerosing cholangitis identifies two non-HLA susceptibility loci
Authors: Espen Melum, Andre Franke, Christoph Schramm, Tobias J Weismüller, Daniel Nils Gotthardt, Felix A Offner, Brian D Juran, Jon K Laerdahl, Verena Labi, Einar Björnsson, Rinse K Weersma, Liesbet Henckaerts, Andreas Teufel, Christian Rust, Eva Ellinghaus, Tobias Balschun, Kirsten Muri Boberg, David Ellinghaus, Annika Bergquist, Peter Sauer, Euijung Ryu, Johannes Roksund Hov, Jochen Wedemeyer, Björn Lindkvist, Michael Wittig, Robert J Porte, Kristian Holm, Christian Gieger, H-Erich Wichmann, Pieter Stokkers, Cyriel Y Ponsioen, Heiko Runz, Adolf Stiehl, Cisca Wijmenga, Martina Sterneck, Severine Vermeire, Ulrich Beuers, Andreas Villunger, Erik Schrumpf, Konstantinos N Lazaridis, Michael P Manns, Stefan Schreiber, Tom H Karlsen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Matrix metalloproteinases in acute lung injury: mediators of injury and drivers of repair
Authors: A. Davey, D.F. McAuley, C.M. O'Kane
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) comprise a spectrum of acute inflammatory pulmonary oedema resulting in refractory hypoxaemia in the absence of an underlying cardiogenic cause. There are multiple pulmonary and extrapulmonary causes and ALI/ARDS patients are a clinically heterogeneous group with associated high morbidity and mortality. Inflammatory injury to the alveolar epithelial and endothelial capillary membrane is a central event in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, and involves degradation of the basement membrane. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in a wide variety of pulmonary pathologies and are capable of degrading all components of the extracellular matrix including the basement membrane and key non-matrix mediators of lung injury such as chemokines and cell surface receptors. While many studies implicate MMPs in the injurious process, there are significant gaps in our knowledge of the role of specific proteases at different phases of injury and repair. This article examines the role of MMPs in injury and repair of the alveolar epithelial–endothelial capillary barrier and discusses the potential for MMP modulation in the prevention and treatment of ALI. The need for further mechanistic and in vivo studies to inform appropriate subsequent clinical trials of MMP modulation will be highlighted.
Effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on cardiac output responses during exercise in COPD
Authors: Ioannis Nasis, Nikolaos Koulouris, Maroula Vasilopoulou, Stauroula Spetsioti, Eleni Kortianou, Zafiris Louvaris, Vasilis Andrianopoulos, Nikolleta Rovina, Georgios Kaltsakas, Ioannis Vogiatzis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction: In patients with COPD pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) induces true physiological effects reflected by reduced ventilatory requirement and improved peripheral muscle function. The effect of PR on central hemodynamic responses during exercise remains largely unknown.  Aim: To examine the impact of PR on cardiac output (Q) responses during incremental (IE) and constant-load exercise (CLE).  Method: 60 COPD patients (GOLD stages II- IV) were studied (including 15 controls). PR consisted of interval cycling exercise 3 days/week for 10 weeks, with 30-s work periods/30-s rest periods for 30 min/day and intensity at 100% of peak work capacity (Wpeak). Q was measured by bio-impedance (Physioflow PF-O7) during IE and CLE at 75% Wpeak for 6-min during exercise and in recovery, prior to and following PR.  Results: At Wpeak there was an increase in Q after PR (from 10.1±0.5 to 12.4±0.6, L/min, p=0.001) due to increased SV (from 90±3.2 to 105.1±4.42 ml/min, p=0.003). Post-rehabilitation at an identical work rate during IE, Q did not differ compared to pre-rehabilitation; however SV was higher (pre: 90±3.2; post 95±3.2 ml/min) and HR lower (pre: 113±3; post 106±3 beats/min, p=0.008). Post-rehabilitation during CLE there were significant reductions in Q mean response time (MRT) at the onset and offset of exercise (pre: 79.8±4.4; post: 66.9±4.5sec, p=0.001) and (pre: 79.1±4.3, post: 66.1±4.2 sec, p=0.001), respectively.  Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation induces an improvement in central hemodynamic function to incremental and constant-load exercise in patients with COPD across GOLD stages II to IV.
Medical students' knowledge of smoking
Authors: E F BOWEN, C F J RAYNER
Journal: Thorax (1999)

Venous aneurysm of the azygos arch is a very rare cause of mediastinal mass and is usually an incidental finding on chest radiography.Nowadays the diagnosis is made by non-invasive tests such as thoracic CT scanning and/or magnetic resonance imaging.The case is described of an asymptomatic woman in whom a mediastinal mass due to an azygos vein aneurysm was diagnosed by non-invasive procedures, the aetiology of which, in all probability, was idiopathic.
METABOLISM OF LITHOCHOLIC ACID IN BILE FISTULA PATIENTS*
Authors: James B. Carey, Gale Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

Although it has been assumed that the secon- dary bile acid deoxycholic acid is not rehydroxylated by the human liver, little direct evidence is available to support this assumption. To investigate the metabolism of deoxycholic acid in man, deoxycholic acid-I4C was given intravenously to two patients with complete external bile fistulas. After hydrolysis of the bile salts and chromatographic separation of bile acids, more than 94% of the radioactivity was found in deoxycholic acid and the remainder was scattered in several small unidentified peaks, none of which was cholic acid. Approximately 85% of deoxycholate was excreted as glycine conjugates and 13% as taurine conjugates in this experiment. No detectable sulfate esters were found. These results indicate that the metabolism of deoxycholic acid in man involves only the reconjugation with glycine and taurine without rehy- droxylation to cholic acid or sulfation.
Estimating genomic coexpression networks using first-order conditional independence.
Authors: Paul M Magwene, Junhyong Kim
Journal: Genome biology (2004)

Abstract We describe a computationally efficient statistical framework for estimating networks of coexpressed genes. This framework exploits first-order conditional independence relationships among gene-expression measurements to estimate patterns of association. We use this approach to estimate a coexpression network from microarray gene-expression measurements from Saccharomyces cerevisiae . We demonstrate the biological utility of this approach by showing that a large number of metabolic pathways are coherently represented in the estimated network. We describe a complementary unsupervised graph search algorithm for discovering locally distinct subgraphs of a large weighted graph. We apply this algorithm to our coexpression network model and show that subgraphs found using this approach correspond to particular biological processes or contain representatives of distinct gene families.
Werner Goldsmith: Life and Work (1924–2003)
Authors: Stanley A. Berger, Albert I. King, Jack L. Lewis
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2005)

Werner Goldsmith, one of the foremost authorities on the mechanics of impact and the biomechanics of head and neck injuries, died peacefully at home in Oakland, California, on August 23, 2003, at age 79 after a short, courageous battle with leukemia, ending a long and very distinguished career in mechanics, dynamics, and biomechanics, and an almost six-decades-long association with the University of California, Berkeley. He was one of the pioneering, eminent solid and fluid mechanicians who made an early transition to biomechanics, and in rising to equal distinction in their new fields, added great credibility to biomechanics as a discipline in its own right. He was also a distinguished and influential figure in bioengineering education at his own institution, and, more broadly, in the United States and abroad. An emeritus professor for over a decade, he continued to be active in research and teaching until the very last days of his life.
miRNA-7 Attenuation in Schwannoma Tumors Stimulates Growth by Upregulating Three Oncogenic Signaling Pathways
Authors: Okay Saydam, Ozlem Senol, Thomas Würdinger, Arda Mizrak, Gokhan Baris Ozdener, Anat O. Stemmer-Rachamimov, Ming Yi, Robert M. Stephens, Anna M. Krichevsky, Nurten Saydam, Gary J. Brenner, Xandra O. Breakefield
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Micro RNAs (miRNA) negatively regulate protein-coding genes at the posttranscriptional level and are critical in tumorigenesis. Schwannomas develop from proliferation of dedifferentiated Schwann cells, which normally wrap nerve fibers to help support and insulate nerves. In this study, we carried out high-throughput miRNA expression profiling of human vestibular schwannomas by using an array representing 407 known miRNAs to explore the role of miRNAs in tumor growth. Twelve miRNAs were found to be significantly deregulated in tumor samples as compared with control nerve tissue, defining a schwannoma-typical signature. Among these miRNAs, we focused on miR-7, which was one of the most downregulated in these tumors and has several known oncogene targets, including mRNAs for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1). We found that overexpression of miR-7 inhibited schwannoma cell growth both in culture and in xenograft tumor models in vivo, which correlated with downregulation of these signaling pathways. Furthermore, we identified a novel direct target of miR-7, the mRNA for associated cdc42 kinase 1 (Ack1), with the expression levels of miR-7 and Ack1 being inversely correlated in human schwannoma samples. These results represent the first miRNA profiling of schwannomas and the first report of a tumor suppressor function for miR-7 in these tumors that is mediated by targeting the EGFR, Pak1, and Ack1 oncogenes. Our findings suggest miR-7 as a potential therapeutic molecule for schwannoma treatment, and they prompt clinical evaluation of drugs that can inhibit the EGFR, Pak1, and Ack1 signaling pathways to treat this tumor type.
A simple clinical colitis activity index
Authors: R S Walmsley, R C S Ayres, R E Pounder, R N Allan
Journal: Gut (1998)

The appropriate medical treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis is determined largely by the severity of symptoms. Hospital assessment of the severity of disease activity includes investigation of laboratory indices and sigmoidoscopic assessment of mucosal inflammation.To develop a simplified clinical colitis activity index to aid in the initial evaluation of exacerbations of colitis.The information for development of the simple index was initially evaluated in 63 assessments of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis where disease activity was evaluated using the Powell-Tuck Index (which includes symptoms, physical signs, and sigmoidoscopic appearance). The new index was then further evaluated in 113 assessments in a different group of patients, by comparison with a complex index utilising clinical and laboratory data, as well as five haematological and biochemical markers of disease severity.The newly devised Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index, consisting of scores for five clinical criteria, showed a highly significant correlation with the Powell-Tuck Index (r = 0.959, p < 0.0001) as well as the complex index (r = 0.924, p < 0.0001) and all laboratory markers (p = 0.0003 to p < 0.0001).This new Simple Colitis Activity Index shows good correlation with existing more complex scoring systems and therefore could be useful in the initial assessment of patients with ulcerative colitis.
A Case–Control Study of Lung Cancer Nested in a Cohort of European Asphalt Workers
Authors: Ann Olsson, Hans Kromhout, Michela Agostini, Johnni Hansen, Christina Funch Lassen, Christoffer Johansen, Kristina Kjaerheim, Sverre Langård, Isabelle Stücker, Wolfgang Ahrens, Thomas Behrens, Marja-Liisa Lindbohm, Pirjo Heikkilä, Dick Heederik, Lützen Portengen, Judith Shaham, Gilles Ferro, Frank de Vocht, Igor Burstyn, Paolo Boffetta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundWe conducted a nested case–control study in a cohort of European asphalt workers in which an increase in lung cancer risk has been reported among workers exposed to airborne bitumen fume, although potential bias and confounding were not fully addressed.ObjectiveWe investigated the contribution of exposure to bitumen, other occupational agents, and tobacco smoking to the risk of lung cancer among asphalt workers.MethodsCases were cohort members in Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and Israel who had died of lung cancer between 1980 and the end of follow-up (2002–2005). Controls were individually matched in a 3:1 ratio to cases on year of birth and country. We derived exposure estimates for bitumen fume and condensate, organic vapor, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as for asbestos, crystalline silica, diesel motor exhaust, and coal tar. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for ever-exposure, duration, average exposure, and cumulative exposure after adjusting for tobacco smoking and exposure to coal tar.ResultsA total of 433 cases and 1,253 controls were included in the analysis. The OR was 1.12 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84–1.49] for inhalation exposure to bitumen fume and 1.17 (95% CI, 0.88–1.56) for dermal exposure to bitumen condensate. No significant trend was observed between lung cancer risk and duration, average exposure, or cumulative exposure to bitumen fume or condensate.ConclusionsWe found no consistent evidence of an association between indicators of either inhalation or dermal exposure to bitumen and lung cancer risk. A sizable proportion of the excess mortality from lung cancer relative to the general population observed in the earlier cohort phase is likely attributable to high tobacco consumption and possibly to coal tar exposure, whereas other occupational agents do not appear to play an important role.
Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity Among Individuals With Diabetes in the Rural Midwest
Authors: Anjali D. Deshpande, Elizabeth A. Baker, Sarah L. Lovegreen, Ross C. Brownson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the relationship between physical and social environment attributes and levels of physical activity in a population-based sample of diabetic individuals living in rural areas. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Cross-sectional telephone survey data from rural communities of southeastern Missouri, Tennessee, and Arkansas were used. Logistic regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted prevalence odds ratios (PORs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS—A total of 278 (11%) individuals with diabetes were identified. Almost 37% of this group reported no leisure-time physical activity. Individuals with diabetes who reported regular physical activity were more likely to report better general health status, normal BMI, and no physical impairment. After adjustment, regular activity was positively associated with use of three or more facilities (POR 14.3, 95% CI 3.0–67.3) in the past 30 days, the availability of many nearby places to walk (2.3, 1.1–4.8), the availability of shoulders on streets (2.4, 1.3–4.5), often walking to nearby places (4.1, 2.0–8.3), and rating the community for physical activity as generally pleasant (2.3, 1.1–4.8). Additionally, the regular activity group was more likely to report their physician had helped make a plan to increase physical activity (2.8, 1.3–5.8) and followed up on their plan (2.2, 1.1–4.4). Social environment variables were not associated with physical activity after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS—Physical inactivity is a significant problem in rural diabetic populations. We have identified aspects of the social and physical environment that are positively associated with physical activity. Understanding the role of the environment may result in increased physical activity for individuals with diabetes.
ERG promotes T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is transcriptionally regulated in leukemic cells by a stem cell enhancer
Authors: Julie A. I. Thoms, Yehudit Birger, Sam Foster, Kathy Knezevic, Yael Kirschenbaum, Vashe Chandrakanthan, Georg Jonquieres, Dominik Spensberger, Jason W. Wong, S. Helen Oram, Sarah J. Kinston, Yoram Groner, Richard Lock, Karen L. MacKenzie, Berthold Göttgens, Shai Izraeli, John E. Pimanda
Journal: Blood (2011)