tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Co-op. Nurse and the Nursing Shortage
Authors: N. F. Coghill
Journal: BMJ (1962)

<h3></h3> Screening involves difficult decisions both for individuals and for society regarding the benefits, harms, costs and ethical implications of screening. Many advocate various methods to improve informed choice as a panacea for these challenging decisions. However, informed choice, like any other concept, both has fitting applications as well as limitations with potential for over-/misuse. In this workshop, we want to debate the potential limitations of the informed choice in the context of screening, with emphasis on overdiagnosis. Using four cases from our own research, we would like to engage the participants to reflect on the concept and practice of the informed consent at different time points in the process from the establishment of the national screening programmes to the individual choices about participation. The workshop will begin by the end, by introducing a research project concerning why some participants in colorectal cancer screening choose not to undergo colonoscopy following a positive test result. What is of importance for these participants and what is the role of informed consent in this context? Going backwards in the screening process, we will introduce two research projects emphasizing the pitfalls of current information materials and communication strategies about screening. What happens with citizens’ interpretation of screening when they receive information about screening which dissonate with their previous knowledge, assumptions and emotions related to screening? And further, what is the role of nudging in current information material and how does it conflict with the informed choice? Stepping further back in the screening process, we will introduce the potential roles of citizen juries in the context of the establishment of screening programmes and decision making. Turning back to the beginning, we will finish by debating the informed choice, as a concept. What constitutes an informed choice to whom and how to support people in balancing the different outcomes and preferences to reach a decision without coercing them in a given direction? Informed choice is often implicitly seen as a right for autonomous individuals to make a decision about their own health. Conversely, we want to discuss the balance between informed choice as a right or as requirement.
On the Weighted-Average Relationship Between Plasma Glucose and HbA1c
Authors: George Treviño
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Tahara and colleagues (1–3) have reported results of experimental investigations concluding a relationship between plasma glucose level and HbA1c (A1C), defined as \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[H(t){=}K {{\int}_{0}^{t}}W(t{-}{\zeta})G({\zeta})d{\zeta}\] \end{document} Their expression for W(s ) is \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[W(s){=}{\{} \begin{array}{l}2(T {-} s)/T^{2},0{\leq}s{\leq}T\\{ }{ }{ }0, s{>}T\end{array}\] \end{document}

The experimental mean fasting plasma glucose (MFPG) results reported in ref. 1 were analytically modeled and then used to determine the corresponding mean A1C curve (Eq. 1). Excellent correlation was obtained between experimental mean A1C and analytical A1C curves. The specific curve for MFPG is \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \[G(t){=}G\_{s}{+}G\_{d} exp({-}{\gamma}t)\] \end{document} where γ is constant …
Abstract 996: MBD-capture coupled with next generation sequencing elucidates genome-wide crosstalk between epigenetic marks and its role in cancer
Authors: Emily L. Putiri, Keith D. Robertson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Aberrations in DNA methylation are a hallmark of cancer, and these epigenetic changes lead to tumor suppressor gene silencing by hypermethylation, global genomic hypomethylation, and genomic instabilities. Post-translational histone modifications are important epigenetic marks that have been implicated in regulating DNA methylation patterning. Several known histone marks, including methylation of histone H3 at lysines 4 and 27 and monoubiquitylation of histone H2A (H3K4me, H3K27me, and H2Aub, respectively), are believed to differentially regulate DNA methyltransferase activity on DNA. The histone mark H3K4me is associated with gene activation, and H3K27me and H2Aub are associated with loci of transcriptional repression and DNA methylation, especially at hypermethylated genes in cancer. Recent studies have examined the genome-wide distribution of these histone modifications or have studied how their distribution relates to DNA methylation within specific loci, but these studies have not ascribed specific roles to these histone modifications in DNA methylation patterning, nor do we understand why only subsets of genes throughout the genome become hypermethylated in cancer. This poster demonstrates how the histone marks H3K4me, H3K27me, and H2Aub affect genome-wide DNA methylation patterning and transcriptional regulation, and we highlight several epigenetic targets of H3K27me and H2Aub epigenetic repression that participate in the pathogenesis of cancer. We have used siRNA transfection in NCCIT human embryonic carcinoma cells to target critical subunits of the complexes that establish each of these histone modifications. Through these siRNA treatments, we assessed the roles of each mark in establishing DNA methylation patterns throughout the genome and how these patterns relate to genome-wide gene expression. The effects of histone mark deficiency were analyzed by an assay that isolates methylated-CpG-containing DNA (MBD-capture) coupled to massively parallel DNA sequencing to identify sequences with altered methylation patterns. These sequencing results were correlated with patterns of gene expression determined by expression microarray analysis to identify gene targets whose epigenetic misregulation results in alterations in gene expression. In total, this poster demonstrates how histone modifications contribute to the control of the human DNA methylome and postulates how these marks exert downstream effects toward the pathogenesis of cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 996. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-996
Sequential Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels in the Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: JACOB J. LOKICH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Serial measurements of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were analyzed in 42 patients with advanced breast cancer undergoing systemic chemotherapy. Pretreatment CEA levels exceeded 5 ng/ml in 22 patients, and 19 of 22 serial assays uniformly heralded tumor regression as well as subsequent tumor relapse. A significant quantitative alteration in CEA levels was established as a minimum change of 20% within 8 weeks of therapy. In 13 of 15 patients responding to chemotherapy and in all patients with CEA levels higher than 35 ng/ml, this criterion was not abrogated, and there were no discordant observations. Rising CEA levels were correlated with subsequent progression of disease in all patients with elevated baseline levels at a minimum of 8 weeks before the progression was clinically evident. In advanced breast cancer the effectiveness of therapy and the development of tumor resistance may be monitored by serial plasma CEA levels, and specific quantitative criteria should be applied.
Reflections on self-deception
Authors: William von Hippel, Robert Trivers
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Commentators raised 10 major questions with regard to self-deception: Are dual representations necessary? Does self-deception serve intrapersonal goals? What forces shape self-deception? Are there cultural differences in self-deception? What is the self? Does self-deception have costs? How well do people detect deception? Are self-deceivers lying? Do cognitive processes account for seemingly motivational ones? And how is mental illness tied up with self-deception? We address these questions and conclude that none of them compel major modifications to our theory of self-deception, although many commentators provided helpful suggestions and observations.
ACE Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Disease — Unbeatable?
Authors: John J.V. McMurray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET, NCT00153101), reported by Yusuf et al.1 in this issue of the Journal, has important lessons for clinical practice and also illustrates the complexities of designing, conducting, analyzing, and interpreting trials comparing new treatments that act in a manner similar to that of established therapies. As the fourth and largest comparative trial, the ONTARGET study confirms, beyond doubt, that angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) are not better than angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitors at reducing fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events. Of course, physicians and patients might still choose to use an ARB . . .
Prophylactic Hysterectomy at Oophorectomy in Young Women
Authors: Paul G. Stumpf
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Bustillo and associates<sup>1,2</sup>recently reported successful pregnancies following ovum transfers from fertile donors into infertile recipients. Some legal implications for the participants in this type of ovum transfer were discussed by Blumberg<sup>3</sup>in an accompanying article. However, other recent technological advances portend much broader ethical and medicolegal considerations related to this issue. Successful pregnancies, in both monkey<sup>4</sup>and human<sup>5</sup>subjects without ovaries, have been reported as a result of ovum transfer and simple hormonal replacement. This information suggests that the uterus may no longer be considered a "useless" organ in all women following oophorectomy, since subsequent pregnancy is now clearly a realistic technical possibility. For this reason, is seems appropriate to reexamine the advisability of the traditional incidental excision of an otherwise healthy uterus at surgery to remove the ovaries in young women who may nevertheless desire later childbearing. The proposed benefits of
New European food labelling rules will help consumers "make more informed decisions"
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The European parliament overwhelmingly adopted legislation on 6 July to improve the clarity and degree of information provided on food packaging across the European Union. The new measures took three years to agree and are the result of a compromise between members of the parliament and EU governments. They will take effect in 2014.

The legislation details the mandatory information that a package must contain and aims to improve the legibility of labels by stipulating a minimum text size (an x height of 1.2 mm). John Dalli, the health and consumer commissioner, said that the new rules would empower consumers …
Searching for Treatments of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Susan Cheng, Marc A. Pfeffer
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mutation in HBV RNA-dependent DNA polymerase confers resistance to lamivudinein vivo
Authors: G A Tipples, M M Ma, K P Fischer, V G Bain, N M Kneteman, D L Tyrrell
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The (–) enantiomer of 3′–thiacytidine (lamivudine) has been found to be a potent inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. Mutation of methionine to valine or isoleucine at the YMDD (tyrosine, methionine, aspartate, aspartate) motif of the HIV reverse transcriptase has been shown to be responsible for lamivudine resistance in HIV. The hepadnaviruses also have the YMDD motif in their DNA polymerase. Therefore, it is possible that hepadnaviruses could develop lamivudine resistance by a similar mutation at this motif. We analyzed the HBV from a liver transplantation patient who developed recurrent HBV viremia during lamivudine treatment. The polymerase gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the region coding for the YMDD motif was sequenced. The pretreatment HBV sequence coded for YMDD, while the lamivudine–resistant mutant HBV coded for YIDD (tyrosine, isoleucine, aspartate, aspartate). With the documented changes in the YMDD motif of lamivudine–resistant HIV, it is likely that the methionine–to– isoleucine mutation in the YMDD motif of the HBV polymerase contributes significantly to the lamivudine–resistance of HBV isolated from this patient.
BLOOD-LETTING AS A THERAPEUTIC REMEDY, BASED ON A REPORT OF TWENTY-SIX CASES.
Authors: J. W. HOFF
Journal: JAMA (1997)

I desire to present a report of successful issues from the use of venesection as a remedy in the treatment of various cases met with in a continuous practice of over fifty years; not for the purpose of adding anything new to our knowledge of this subject, but to call attention again to this most valuable remedy which modern therapeutists seem inclined to relegate to a past age.... In May, 1846,I located in Ripley, Va., and the day I arrived in the town I was called to my first patient, a man 40 years of age, in delirium tremens, with the most violent convulsions I ever witnessed. By the help of three strong men I was able to control him until I had opened the basilic vein and drawn three pints of blood. The convulsions soon ceased and, after tying the arm, I left my patient in the care of
Abstract 5042: Trop-2 is a universal cancer growth stimulator through a ubiquitous signaling platform
Authors: Saverio Alberti, Marco Trerotola, Emanuela Guerra, Kristina Havas, Rossano Lattanzio, Rossana Lasorda, Veronica Bonasera, Giovanna Vacca, Anna Laura Aloisi, Mauro Piantelli
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Trop-2 is a transmembrane calcium signal transducer. Our findings show that Trop-2 is overexpressed by the majority of human cancers, suggesting strong selective pressure for a conserved function. Trop-2 was then demonstrated to be necessary and sufficient to stimulate cancer growth, with a linear relationship between growth rates and Trop-2 expression levels. Cell growth stimulation was shown to be conserved across cell-types and species. These findings indicated impingement on a ubiquitous downstream signal-transduction module. The Trop-2 signaling pathway was investigated by yeast 2 hybrid screening, coimmunoprecipitation / mass-spectrometry and proteomic chip analysis. Trop-2 was demonstrated to bind CD44 and tetraspanins, triggering their growth-promoting ability via a feed-forward activation loop of CD9-recruited PKCα and phosphorylation of the Trop-2 cytoplasmic tail. We demonstrate that PKCα stimulates growth in a Trop-2-restricted manner and that PKCα and Trop-2 are coordinately transported in recurrent waves to membrane ruffles and podosomes. Trop-2 induction was shown to activate the ERK pathway, to up-regulate NF-κB, and to modulate apoptotic factors, including p53 and Rb. Members of the Trop-2 pathway (CD9, CD44 and p53) were found coordinately upregulated in retrospective studies of human cancer case series. These findings reveal the existence of a novel, strikingly widespread mechanism of stimulation of cancer growth. This is quantitatively driven by a wild-type Trop-2 and acts upon ready-to-signal, ubiquitous signal-transduction platforms. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5042.
VACCINE THERAPY IN DISEASES OF THE SKIN
Authors: J. H. SEQUEIRA, G. T. WESTERN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1919)

Journal Article VACCINE THERAPY IN DISEASES OF THE SKIN Get access J. H. SEQUEIRA, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.S., J. H. SEQUEIRA, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.S. Physician to the Skin Department and Lecturer on Dermatology, London Hospital; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. T. WESTERN, M.A., M.D.Cantab. G. T. WESTERN, M.A., M.D.Cantab. Senior Assistant, Inoculation Department, London Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 31, Issue 2, 1 April 1919, Pages 83–89, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1919.tb09696.x Published: 01 April 1919
Primary therapy of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) with weekly bortezomib, low-dose dexamethasone, and rituximab (BDR): long-term results of a phase 2 study of the European Myeloma Network (EMN)
Authors: Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Ramón García-Sanz, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Pierre Morel, Marie-Christine Kyrtsonis, Eurydiki Michalis, Zafiris Kartasis, Xavier Leleu, Giovanni Palladini, Alessandra Tedeschi, Dimitra Gika, Giampaolo Merlini, Efstathios Kastritis, Pieter Sonneveld
Journal: Blood (2013)
Gingival "Lipid Line" and Discordant Development of Xanthomas and Arteriosclerosis
Authors: WILLIAM R. HARLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Letters1 February 1975Gingival "Lipid Line" and Discordant Development of Xanthomas and ArteriosclerosisWILLIAM R. HARLAN, M.D.WILLIAM R. HARLAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-2-227 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe coexistence of xanthomas and hyperlipidemia so often signifies parallel development of arteriosclerosis that the present concept has not changed since Fagge (1) stated over 100 years ago: "Thus, it would be a matter of indifference whether we should speak of the cutaneous disease as an atheroma of the skin or of the arterial affliction as a xanthoma of the aorta." Occasionally, exceptions are found and are noteworthy because they may further delineate the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and xanthomas. The patient described here had plasma cell malignancy and associated hyperlipidemia and developed unusual mucosal xanthomas but no arterial lipid deposits...References1. FAGGE C: General xanthelesma or vitiligoidea. Trans Path Soc (Lond) 24:242-259, 1873 Google Scholar2. MULLINAXHIMRODBERRY FBE: Myeloma protein with specific binding of choline (abstract). Clin Res 18:429, 1970 Google Scholar3. JAMESHARLAN WW: Plasma cell disease and xanthomatosis. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 79:115-123, 1967 Google Scholar4. FAGGE C: Two cases of vitiligoides associated with chronic jaundice and enlargement of the liver. Trans Path Soc (Lond) 19:434-446, 1868 Google Scholar5. CORNOGFITTSKUO JWP: Intramural and pericapillary distribution of lipids in gingival tissue of patients with carbohydrate-induced hyperglyceridemia. Circulation 38:201-208, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Community Health Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina 27710 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1975Volume 82, Issue 2Page: 227-228KeywordsAortaAtheromasHyperlipidemiaLipidsPathogenesisPlasma cells Issue Published: 1 February 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
GENOME-WIDE LINKAGE MAPPING FOR LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION PHENOTYPES IN AMERICAN INDIANS: THE STRONG HEART FAMILY STUDY
Authors: Jonathan N. Bella, Shelley A. Cole, Sandy Laston, Laura Almasy, Anthony Comuzzie, Elisa T. Lee, Lyle G. Best, Richard R. Fabsitz, Barbara V. Howard, Jean W. MacCluer, Richard B. Devereux, Harald H.H. Göring
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)