tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DNA-Loaded Bacterial Ghosts Efficiently Mediate Reporter Gene Transfer and Expression in Macrophages
Authors: Susanne Paukner, Pavol Kudela, Gudrun Kohl, Tobias Schlapp, Sonja Friedrichs, Werner Lubitz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

There is a demand for efficient and safe DNA delivery vehicles mediating gene transfer and expression. We present bacterial ghosts as a novel platform technology for DNA delivery and targeting of macrophages. Bacterial ghosts are cell envelopes of gram-negative bacteria that are devoid of the cytoplasmic content. Escherichia coli ghosts were loaded with plasmid DNA and linear double-stranded DNA. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed that the DNA localized to the inner lumen of bacterial ghosts and was not associated with the outer surface of the bacteria. Up to ∼6000 plasmids could be loaded per single ghost and the amount of loaded DNA correlated with the DNA concentration used for loading. E. coli ghosts loaded with plasmids encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) targeted efficiently murine macrophages (RAW264.7) and mediated effective gene transfer. The EGFP was expressed by more than 60% of the macrophages as measured by flow cytometry detecting the green fluorescence and immunocytochemical staining with antibodies specific for EGFP.
Latent coeliac disease in childhood?
Authors: R. A. Morenas, M. P. Tighe, I. Moore, N. A. Afzal, R. M. Beattie
Journal: Gut (2008)

We read with interest the paper by Matysiak-Budnik et al ( Gut 2007; 56 :1379–86) reporting the development of true latency or tolerance to gluten in adulthood. We would like to report a recent case of apparent serological and histological resolution of coeliac disease in childhood.

In 2001 a 5-year-old girl presented with a 6-month history of recurrent abdominal pain. She had been previously well. There was no past history of food intolerance or family history of coeliac disease. She was found to be iron deficient on examination. Endomysial antibodies were strongly positive and a duodenal biopsy was entirely consistent with coeliac disease (fig 1). She was commenced on a gluten-free diet, which she adhered to for at least 6 months. …
Living Alone and Alcohol-Related Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study from Finland
Authors: Kimmo Herttua, Pekka Martikainen, Jussi Vahtera, Mika Kivimäki
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Kimmo Herttua and colleagues showed that living alone is associated with a substantially increased risk of alcohol-related mortality, irrespective of gender, socioeconomic status, or cause of death, and that this effect was exacerbated after a price reduction in alcohol in 2004.
Do Flawed Data on Caloric Intake From NHANES Present Problems for Researchers and Policy Makers?
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
More miles, fewer biscuits
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Social environment influences drug consumption, its persistence and evolution. Little is known regarding the influence of the presence of a peer during drug consumption and especially how the relationship between peers (familiarity and dominance) can influence drug consumption. We used here a translational and transdisciplinary approach to explore the influence of peer presence and peer familiarity in rats and humans that self-administer stimulants. In rats, cocaine intake was compared when rats were alone with intake when peers with different characteristics (familiar or not, cocaine naive or not, dominant or subordinate) were present. In humans, 77 cocaine and/or methylphenidate users were asked to detail their most recent drug use episodes and their relationship with peers present at consumption. The results show that in both humans and rats, the risk of cocaine/stimulant consumption was significantly reduced by 37% and 32%, respectively, when a peer was present. Moreover, the lowest risk of consumption was consistently observed when the peer was unfamiliar (vs familiar) with a further 38% and 17% risk reduction, respectively. In rats, a decreased risk of consumption was greater when the peer was cocaine naive (vs non-cocaine naive). The presence of a non-familiar and possibly drug-naive peer is the most efficient condition to diminish stimulant intake. Our results indirectly support the use of harm reduction strategies, in particular supervised consumption rooms for stimulant users.
THE NEUROSES FROM A DEMOGRAPHIC POINT OF VIEW.Abstract of a Paper Read in the Section of Medical Jurisprudence and Neurology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: IRVING C. ROSSE
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The title of this paper may seem rather an ambitious one, since the study of vital and social statistics, and their application to the comparative study of races and nations, is almost too new to furnish many principles that may serve as bases of induction. However, I purpose to state in a fragmentary way a few notes and observations bearing on the subject. More than usual experience as a traveller has brought me in contact with various races of men under different mesological conditions. Experience and observation in this line show that, in spite of physical and moral varieties, there exists practically, for the physician, but one people, since there are no wide differences, biologically or medically speaking, in the human species; and the infirmities of men, notwithstanding their physical inequalities and the extensive range of the nosological table, are much the same the world over, no matter whether they
Treatment of Unclassified Mycobacteria-Reply
Authors: Dan F. Keller
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The statement referred to by Dr. Vishnevsky may be misleading, a not infrequent consequence of  brevity necessary in editorial remarks. Enlarging upon this statement may dispel any confusion.  Chemotherapy has a definite place in  management of human infections caused by  unclassified mycobacteria. Although this chemotherapy is based on  same general principles utilized in  treatment of tuberculosis,  agents employed may differ. The frequent drug resistance of  unclassified mycobacteria often dictates  use of a wide variety of agents that are seldom used in  therapy of classical pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment failures can be common, particularly in infections with  Group III (Battey strain) organisms. Prolonged use of ineffective drugs can be dangerous and unwarranted.  The statement referred to by Dr. Vishnevsky was intended to refute  occasionally voiced opinion that the failure to properly identify  mycobacterium infecting a patient is of little consequence,
Prevalence of diabetes in glaucoma.
Authors: R Mapstone, C V Clark
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Oral glucose 75 g was given to 352 patients with chronic glaucoma, acute glaucoma, or ocular hypertension and 73 patients without glaucoma. The proportion of patients with shallow anterior chambers who showed an abnormal response was significantly greater than that in patients with deep anterior chambers and in the control group (p less than 0.005). The probability of developing an abnormal response to oral glucose tests increased as the depth of the anterior chamber decreased; these two variables showed a significant negative linear correlation (r = -0.79, p less than 0.001). The high prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in patients with shallow anterior chambers and glaucoma may explain this association. Because of this, acute glaucoma should be regarded as a symptom of diabetes.
Institut Pasteur begins its second century
Authors: R. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ethnic and Socioeconomic Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Authors: Marilyn A. Winkleby, Helena C. Kraemer, David K. Ahn, Ann N. Varady
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are higher among ethnic minority women than among white women in the United States.However, because ethnic minority women are disproportionately poor, socioeconomic status (SES) may substantially explain these risk factor differences.Objective.-Todetermine whether differences in CVD risk factors by ethnicity could be attributed to differences in SES.Design.-ThirdNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1988 and 1994.Setting.-Eighty-nine mobile examination centers.Participants.-A total of 1762 black, 1481 Mexican American, and 2023 white women, aged 25 to 64 years, who completed both the home questionnaire and medical examination.Main Outcome Measures.-Ethnicityand years of education (SES) in relation to systolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, body mass index (BMI, a measure of weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), physical inactivity, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C [the difference between total cholesterol and HDL-C]), and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Results.-As expected, most CVD risk factors were higher among ethnic minority women than among white women.After adjusting for years of education, highly significant differences in blood pressure, BMI, physical inactivity, and diabetes remained for both black and Mexican American women compared with white women (PϽ.001).In addition, women of lower SES from each of the 3 ethnic groups had significantly higher prevalences of smoking and physical inactivity and higher levels of BMI and non-HDL-C than women of higher SES (PϽ.001).Conclusions.-Thesefindings provide the greatest evidence to date of higher CVD risk factors among black and Mexican American women than among white women of comparable SES.The striking differences by both ethnicity and SES underscore the critical need to improve screening, early detection, and treatment of CVD-related conditions for black and Mexican American women, as well as for women of lower SES in all ethnic groups.
Commentary: Reduced confusion over ear effusion?
Authors: M P Haggard
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective:To monitor the natural course of otitis media with effusion.Design: Prospective, longitudinal assessment of the state of the middle ear by otoscopy and tympanometry at monthly intervals from birth to 3 years.Setting: Domiciliary visits to family homes.Subjects: 95 full term infants born between August 1991 and November 1993.Main outcome measures: Observed and simulated data (Monte Carlo) for the duration of single episodes of otitis media with effusion.Results: 17 of the children had unilateral or bilateral otitis media with effusion for more than half of their first three years of life.Thirty three of the 95 children had tympanograms suggestive of otitis media with effusion at more than a third of observations; the remaining 62 had such tympanograms at less than a third of observations.The data of each group were described by a first order Markov model, yielding a mean duration of unilateral effusion episodes of 5-6 weeks in both groups; the mean duration of bilateral effusion was 6 and 10 weeks in the low and high incidence groups, respectively.However, the main difference between the groups was the time spent between episodes of effusion: effusion free periods were, on average, three times longer in the children who experienced less otitis media with effusion. Conclusion:Children who are susceptible to otitis media with effusion tend to have more separate episodes of effusion rather than an increased overall duration of episodes.Such children are primarily distinguished by the likelihood with which they acquire the disease than by their ability to recover from it.
Sodium-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac sympathetic activity versus volume load.
Authors: N G Fields, B X Yuan, F H Leenen
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

To investigate the possible contributions of cardiac volume overload and cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity in the effects of sodium on cardiac mass, we evaluated the effects of treatment with saline (1%) and deoxycorticosterone acetate + saline (DOCA/saline) for 10 days and 3 and 6 weeks on ventricular anatomy and intracardiac pressures. Sympathetic activity in the heart and other tissues was assessed at 10 days and 3 weeks by catecholamine turnover rates and tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Both saline and DOCA/saline produced concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Right ventricular weight showed only small increases. Saline treatment did not affect LV end-systolic pressure, whereas DOCA/saline caused a moderate increase (to 159 mm Hg). Right atrial pressure was not affected by either treatment, whereas LV end-diastolic pressure increased but only after the development of LV hypertrophy. Both saline and DOCA/saline decreased LV norepinephrine concentration; only DOCA/saline decreased norepinephrine content per LV. However, neither treatment altered the norepinephrine turnover rate constant, the absolute turnover rate, or the tyrosine hydroxylase activity. The results demonstrate that increased saline intake or DOCA/saline produces concentric LV hypertrophy without any increase in blood pressure in the case of saline and with increases in LV filling pressure following rather than preceding the appearance of LV hypertrophy. The lack of an increase in LV norepinephrine turnover and tyrosine hydroxylase activity suggests that the hypertrophy is not mediated through increased cardiac neuronal sympathetic activity.
The Epidemiology of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) in Finland and in Northern Europe
Authors: Hans K Åkerblom, Antti Reunanen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

The incidence and prevalence of IDDM are high by international standards in all Nordic countries, and Finland has the highest incidence and prevalence figures of the disease in the world. During the period 1970–1980, the mean annual incidence (per 100,000) in 0–14-yr-old children was 28.6 in Finland, 22.7 in Sweden, 17.6 in Norway, and 14.0 in Denmark. The corresponding prevalence figures were: Finland 191, Sweden 148, Iceland 141, Norway 120, and Denmark 83. Thus, on a countrywide basis the incidence increased from south to north (and from west to east). However, within some of the Nordic countries (Finland, Norway, and Sweden) there were regional variations not compatible with the above “latitude rule.” As in many studies from other countries, the following characteristics were observed in the IDDM epidemiology in children and adolescents: a steady rise of incidence throughout childhood until puberty, the peak occurring earlier in girls than in boys, a male excess in young children and adolescents, a seasonal variation, and a secular trend. The possible causes of the high incidence and prevalence are briefly discussed.
Acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities in patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Haralampos J. Milionis, Constantinos L. Bourantas, Kostas C. Siamopoulos, Moses S. Elisaf
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Disturbances of acid-base balance and electrolyte abnormalities are commonly seen in patients with acute leukemia. Our study aimed at illuminating the probable pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for these disturbances in patients with acute leukemia admitted to our hospital. We studied 66 patients (24 men and 44 women) aged between 17 and 87 years old on their admission and prior to any therapeutic intervention. Patients with diabetes mellitus, acute or chronic renal failure, hepatic failure, patients receiving drugs that influence acid-base status and electrolyte parameters during the last month, such as corticosteroids, cisplatin, diuretics, antacids, aminoglycosides, amphotericin, penicillin, and K(+), PO(4)(3-), or Mg(2+) supplements were excluded. Forty-one patients had at least one acid-base or electrolyte disturbance. There were no significant differences in the incidence of acid-base balance and electrolyte abnormalities between patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The most frequent electrolyte abnormality was hypokalemia, observed in 41 patients (63%), namely in 34 patients with AML, and 7 with ALL; the main underlying pathophysiologic mechanism was inappropriate kaliuresis. Furthermore, hypokalemic patients more frequently experienced concurrent electrolyte disturbances (i.e., hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia), as well as various acid-base abnormalities compared to normokalemic patients. Hypokalemia in patients with acute leukemia may serve as an indicator of multiple concurrent, interrelated electrolyte disturbances, especially in patients with AML.
Proliferating 'Self-Help' Groups Offer Wide Range of Support, Seek Physician Rapport
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1989)

IN A SOCIETY where public figures routinely reveal the most intimate details of their physical and mental ills, usually in the expressed hope that "knowing about my experience will help others," it's perhaps not surprising that a grass-roots mutual aid or so-called self-help movement has sprung up in the United States that, its supporters say, has 10 to 15 million participants and potentially embraces a half million groups. According to Daryl H. Isenberg, PhD, director of the Illinois Self-Help Center in Evanston, "Self-help groups have proliferated in the United States in the last 2 decades. The bonds that form in them help people bear the unbearable." Established in 1974 by Leonard Borman, PhD, a revered name in the movement, this was the first US center to address self-help exclusively. Sharing stories and finding they're not alone with their problem—whether it be alcoholism or cancer or another chronic illness, or a
STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF VIRUSES OBSERVED IN THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Authors: Councilman Morgan, Harry M. Rose, Dan H. Moore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

Rods and spheres believed to represent viral particles were observed at the free surface of entodermal cells of the chorioallantoic membrane 6 to 44 hours after infection. Although occasional short rods revealed poorly defined internal bodies, the majority, as well as all the longer rods (filaments), exhibited no visible internal structure. The spheres presumed to lie central to the plane of section contained an inner body 20 to 22 mmicro in diameter. Both forms possessed a dense, sharply defined limiting membrane 30 A thick and a diffuse external coat of lesser density. Where superimposition within the section was minimal, the viral particles were separated by a relatively constant distance. Measured to include this spacing, on the assumption that it reflected the presence of a component of the outer coat, the diameters of a majority of the rods were 50 to 60 mmicro, whereas the spheres averaged 60 to 70 mmicro. The rods appeared to form by a process of extrusion from the cell wall and became detached either singly or in bundles of variable length. The spheres seemed to differentiate at the cell surface and to acquire the inner body, limiting membrane, and outer coat as they migrated through the membrane of the host cell. No characteristic changes were seen in the nuclei or adjacent cytoplasm, and recognizable viral particles were never encountered in these areas of the cell. No support was obtained for the assumption that the spheres developed primarily by segmentation of the rods. It is suggested that the spherical form of the virus is the elemental infectious unit and that the filamentous form is largely or completely non-infective.
Transtracheal Aspiration in the Evaluation of Patients with Pneumonia
Authors: H. Herbert Hahn, Harry N. Beaty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Transtracheal aspiration was compared with routine expectorated sputum for bacteriologic results in 61 patients with acute pneumonia and no recent antimicrobial therapy. The procedure was safe, produced a high yield of pulmonary pathogens, and provided a sample of lower respiratory tract secretions relatively free of contamination by mouth flora. Gram stains of tracheal specimens correlated better with their corresponding cultures than did the smears of expectorated sputum. Transtracheal aspiration was most helpful in obtunded patients unable to raise sputum and in patients whose expectorated sputum contained large numbers of staphylococci or gram-negative bacilli. Quantitative sputum cultures also were performed on 24 patients but did not accurately predict the organisms likely to be recovered by transtracheal aspiration.
Biological pathways and in vivo antitumor activity induced by Atiprimod in myeloma
Authors: P Neri, P Tassone, M Shammas, H Yasui, E Schipani, R B Batchu, S Blotta, R Prabhala, L Catley, M Hamasaki, T Hideshima, D Chauhan, G S Jacob, D Picker, S Venuta, K C Anderson, N C Munshi
Journal: Leukemia (2007)