tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Philip Morris Recalls Marlboro Cigarette Lighter, Considered 'Enticing Fire Hazard for Children'
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

DESPITE EVIDENCE to the contrary, cigarette manufacturers insist that they are not targeting children with tobacco advertisements and promotions. The latest evidence to the contrary comes from the recall of a Marlboro cigarette lighter that puts on a light show every time the lighting mechanism is depressed. The promotional device (for the flagship cigarette brand of Philip Morris USA) recently was implicated in a fire caused by children who were playing with the twinkling lighter. The fire, which reportedly caused only minor damage in the attic of a Torrington, Conn, home, "could have been a lot worse," says Torrington deputy fire marshal Bill Baldwin. None of the five girls involved, aged 5 to 10 years, were injured in the mishap, he says. "The Marlboro lighter is very enticing to young children, and therefore they go into dark, hidden areas, such as closets, under their beds, or under their bed sheets
Upregulation of calpastatin in regenerating and developing rat liver: Role in resistance against hepatotoxicity
Authors: Pallavi B. Limaye, Vishakha S. Bhave, Prajakta S. Palkar, Udayan M. Apte, Sharmilee P. Sawant, Songtao Yu, John R. Latendresse, Janardan K. Reddy, Harihara M. Mehendale
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Acute liver failure induced by hepatotoxic drugs results from rapid progression of injury. Substantial research has shown that timely liver regeneration can prevent progression of injury leading to a favorable prognosis. However, the mechanism by which compensatory regeneration prevents progression of injury is not known. We have recently reported that calpain released from necrotic hepatocytes mediates progression of liver injury even after the hepatotoxic drug is cleared from the body. By examining expression of calpastatin (CAST), an endogenous inhibitor of calpain in three liver cell division models known to be resistant to hepatotoxicity, we tested the hypothesis that increased CAST in the dividing hepatocytes affords resistance against progression of injury. Liver regeneration that follows CCl4-induced liver injury, 70% partial hepatectomy, and postnatal liver development were used. In all three models, CAST was upregulated in the dividing/newly divided hepatocytes and declined to normal levels with the cessation of cell proliferation. To test whether CAST overexpression confers resistance against hepatotoxicity, CAST was overexpressed in the livers of normal SW mice using adenovirus before challenging them with acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. These mice exhibited markedly attenuated progression of liver injury and 57% survival. Whereas APAP-bioactivating enzymes and covalent binding of the APAP-derived reactive metabolites remained unaffected, degradation of calpain specific target substrates such as fodrin was significantly reduced in these mice. In conclusion , CAST overexpression could be used as a therapeutic strategy to prevent progression of liver injury where liver regeneration is severely hampered.
Tumors of the Brain and Nervous System after Radiotherapy in Childhood
Authors: Elaine Ron, Baruch Modan, John D. Boice, Esther Alfandary, Marilyn Stovall, Angela Chetrit, Leah Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

We investigated the relation between radiotherapy in childhood for tinea capitis and the later development of tumors of the brain and nervous system among 10,834 patients treated between 1948 and 1960 in Israel. Benign and malignant tumors were identified from the pathology records of all Israeli hospitals and from Israeli national cancer and death registries. Doses of radiation to the neural tissue were retrospectively estimated for each patient (mean, 1.5 Gy). Sixty neural tumors developed in the patients exposed as children, and the 30-year cumulative risk (+/- SE) was 0.8 +/- 0.2 percent. The incidence of tumors was 1.8 per 10,000 persons per year. The estimated relative risk as compared with that for 10,834 matched general-population controls and 5392 siblings who had not been irradiated was 6.9 (95 percent confidence interval, 4.1 to 11.6) for all tumors and 8.4 (confidence interval, 4.8 to 14.8) when the analysis was restricted to neural tumors of the head and neck. Increased risks were apparent for meningiomas (relative risk, 9.5; n = 19), gliomas (relative risk, 2.6; n = 7), nerve-sheath tumors (relative risk, 18.8; n = 25), and other neural tumors (relative risk, 3.4; n = 9). A strong dose--response relation was found, with the relative risk approaching 20 after estimated doses of approximately 2.5 Gy. Our study confirms that radiation doses on the order of 1 to 2 Gy can significantly increase the risk of neural tumors.
TCT-742 Lower Vascular Complications With Percutaneous versus Open Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Mitul B. Kadakia, Howard C. Herrmann, Nimesh Desai, Zachary E. Fox, Jeffrey Ogbara, Saif Anwaruddin, Dinesh Jagasia, Joseph E. Bavaria, Wilson Y. Szeto, Prashanth Vallabhajosyula, Rohan Menon, Jay Giri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Reversible Small-Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Americo A. Abbruzzese
Journal: JAMA (1965)

SOLITARY small-bowel ulcerations with secondary obstruction in patients receiving entericcoated preparations of thiazide diuretics and potassium chloride is currently of major interest to all physicians. 1-8 Although the incidence of this entity is extremely low, considering the number of patients treated with this regimen, reports implicating causal relationship between the small-bowel lesion and potassium-supplemented thiazide diuretics are rapidly accumulating. Resection of the diseased segment of bowel has been resorted to in all of the reported cases.  To allay the anxiety of physicians prescribing this valuable combination of drugs, the following case is presented to illustrate that the pathological changes are perhaps not irreversible and that the clinical course may be ameliorated by cessation of therapy without the necessity of surgical intervention.  Report of a Case  A 64-year-old Negro office worker (PBBH-1-77-58) was admitted in October 1964, with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea of two day's duration. In May 1964,
P540 HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS FOLLOWING TRANSJUGULAR INTRAHEPATIC PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT (TIPS) INSERTION: A MATCHED ANALYSIS
Authors: K.A. Forde, R.C. McLean, M. Rivera, O. Tanapanpanit, M. Soulen, K.R. Reddy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Grassroots Activism and the Pursuit of an Expanded Physician Supply
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In this Health Policy Report, the author discusses the supply of physicians in the United States and the growing consensus that there will be a shortage of physicians in the future. Medical and osteopathic schools are expanding, and the Association of American Medical Colleges believes graduate medical education (residency) positions also should be increased.
FEVER THERAPY FOR GONOCOCCIC INFECTIONS
Authors: ARTHUR U. DESJARDINS
Journal: JAMA (1935)

For generations, gonococcic urethritis has been treated mainly by irrigating, or by injecting into the urethra various chemical solutions that were thought to have an antiseptic or germicidal effect. The gamut of the so-called urethral germicides has been run from the old standbys potassium permanganate and the "nonirritating" silver proteins argyrol and protargol to another group of miracle workers, the aniline dyes, mercurochrome, gentian violet and acriflavine. Each group and each substance has had its more or less vociferous protagonists, but the use of such substances is now gradually diminishing. This is not to imply that all these different chemical substances do not have any therapeutic value, but only that at various times too much reliance has been placed on this or that compound or group of compounds. There is no doubt that many patients with gonorrhea have been cured by such methods, but many other patients have not been
Compression of the Anterior Mediastinum by Uremic Tumoral Calcinosis Unusually Involving the Sternoclavicular Joint
Authors: Myung-Hee Sohn, Min-Woo Kim, Seok Tae Lim, Ho-Young Yim, Sik Lee, Won Kim, Sung Kwang Park, Chang-Yeol Yim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Uremic tumoral calcinosis is an uncommon disease that occurs in patients with chronic renal failure receiving regular, long-term hemodialysis, and characterized by calcified periarticular soft tissue masses, often of considerable size and multiplicity. The present case describes a 36-year-old man who had been on hemodialysis for 8 years. Uremic tumoral calcinosis occurred at unusual sites, the sternoclavicular joints, with simultaneous involvement of the shoulder and hip joints, and accompanied by renal osteodystrophy on bone scintigraphy. In addition, the calcified masses at the sternoclavicular joints extended into and compressed the anterior mediastinum, an unusual occurrence seen on chest computed tomography.
Maternal and Fetal Thyroid Function
Authors: Franklin H. Epstein, Gerard N. Burrow, Delbert A. Fisher, P. Reed Larsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Conception is followed by a series of hormonal and metabolic changes that involve most maternal endocrine systems. With regard to thyroid metabolism, these include an increase in serum thyroxine-binding globulin and thyroid hormone concentrations, increased renal clearance of iodine, and increased production and turnover of thyroxine (T)1. Fetal and maternal thyroid physiology differ, but the systems interact by means of the placenta and amniotic fluid, which modulate the transfer of iodine and small but important amounts of thyroid hormone from mother to fetus1,2. In this article we shall review recent data and new insights regarding the changes . . .
HAS INFLUENZA BEEN A CAUSATIVE FACTOR IN THE INCREASE OF APPENDICITIS?
Authors: PHILIP MARVEL
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In introducing a subject, the discussion of which is largely a matter of inference and analogy, I realize that I am presuming too much on the indulgence of a scientific body, and my apology may be stated in the desire for a more comprehensive knowledge of the causative agents of the diseases in question, together with the hope that this feeble effort will serve to stimulate a closer clinical observation bearing on the possible relations concerned, and especially a more extended scientific investigation looking to the nature and environment of the organisms involved. <h3>THE HISTORY OF INFLUENZA.</h3> A brief review of the many-sided disease—influenza—will recall to us its ancient and modern history. According to the report made by Parson to the British Medical Association in the year 1891, influenza was first recognized as an epidemic disease by Livy and Hypocrates in the year
Hip resurfacing or stemmed arthroplasty for young active patients?
Authors: L. C. Biant
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Both can deliver good function in the short term but longer term outcome data are needed 

Hip replacement surgery is one of the most cost effective and clinically effective medical interventions.1 It can vastly improve quality of life for patients who have end stage degenerative joint disease. Increased function and longevity of implants is needed for younger patients, and this has led surgeons and implant manufacturers to continue to improve techniques, implant designs, and bearing surfaces. In a linked randomised controlled trial (doi:10.1136/bmj.e2147), Costa and colleagues compare function 12 months after resurfacing arthroplasty or conventional stemmed total hip arthroplasty in younger patients.2 

Stemmed conventional total hip arthroplasty has reproducibly good results. However, for young people who may have a life expectancy of a further 50 years, the longevity of the prosthesis does not match that of the patient, and revision surgery may be inevitable. The quest for a prosthetic hip that will last for the lifetime of a young patient is the driver for innovation. Resurfacing arthroplasty was marketed as a good choice for younger patients in terms of function and longevity. However, reports of early …
The use of SI units.
Authors: V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

A male patient with a 17 year history of intractable ulcerative colitis of the entire type was treated by total proctocolectomy. Colonoscopy before surgery did not identify dysplasia. Histological examination of the resected colorectum revealed that, in addition to chronic inflammatory infiltrates, there were 21 areas of microcarcinoids located in the muscularis propria and in the superficial layer of the submucosa. Carcinoids may be more common than previously thought, and they may be a reactive phenomenon to a variety of factors in ulcerative colitis.
The Gastric Secretory Response to Insulin-hypoglycemia as a Measure of Neuroendocrine Control.
Authors: F. P. Brooks
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962The Gastric Secretory Response to Insulin-hypoglycemia as a Measure of Neuroendocrine Control.F. P. Brooks, M.D., F.A.C.P.F. P. Brooks, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-678_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA theory of the control of gastric secretion has been based on an interpretation of the response to insulin-hypoglycemia, relating the anterior hypothalamus and vagi to the first one to two hours of response, and the posterior hypothalamus and adrenal cortex to the second to fifth hours. We have studied the response to insulin-hypoglycemia in five spider monkeys (ateles) and seven beagle dogs that had chronic gastric fistulas. Two of the monkeys and three additional dogs had vagally-innervated gastric pouches. Marked differences in acid output occurred between animals. The maximum output of total acid varied from 0.60 ± 0.15SE... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. (BS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOn the Question of a Pituitary-Adrenal Component in the Gastric Secretory Response to Insulin Hypoglycemia 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 678-679KeywordsAdrenal cortexFistulasHypothalamusInsulinInsulin secretion Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Paraneoplastic Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Advanced Aggressive Fibromatosis (Desmoid Tumor) Treated by Imatinib Mesylate
Authors: Franco Folli, Gabriella Galimberti, Matteo Pastore, Alberto M. Davalli, Emanuele Bosi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

A 51-year-old woman affected by advanced aggressive fibromatosis of the abdomen was admitted to the hospital because of diabetes associated with severe insulin resistance. Her medical history was notable for 1 ) desmoid tumor of the abdomen at age 26 years, which had undergone 32 surgical resections (according to the patient), until the age of 44 and 2 ) diabetes at age 45 years initially treated with oral agents and then by insulin, with persistent poor glucose control despite progressively increasing doses. Afterward, the patient received an intravenous insulin infusion by an external pump through a port-a-cath in the subclavian vein for severe insulin resistance. Intravenous insulin was discontinued due to sepsis, which …
Gene expression of ?1-6 fucosyltransferase in human hepatoma tissues: A possible implication for increased fucosylation of ?-fetoprotein
Authors: Katsuhisa Noda, Eiji Miyoshi, Naofumi Uozumi, Shusaku Yanagidani, Yoshitaka Ikeda, Cong-xiao Gao, Kunio Suzuki, Harumasa Yoshihara, Masumi Yoshikawa, Kiyoshi Kawano, Norio Hayashi, Masatsugu Hori, Naoyuki Taniguchi
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The 1-6 fucosylated -fetoprotein (AFP) present in serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been employed for the differential clinical diagnosis of HCC from chronic liver diseases. The molecular mechanism by which this alteration occurs, however, remains largely unknown. To address this issue, we purified GDP-L-Fuc:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide 1-6 fucosyltransferase (1-6 FucT), an enzyme involved in the 1-6 fucosylation of N-glycans from porcine brain, as well as from a human gastric cancer cell line, and cloned their genes. In this study, levels of 1-6 FucT mRNA expression and the activity of this enzyme for 12 human HCC tissues were examined and compared with that in surrounding tissues and normal livers. The mean +/- SD for 1-6 FucT activity was 78 +/- 41 pmol/h/mg in normal control liver, 202 +/- 127 pmol/h/mg in adjacent uninvolved liver tissues (chronic hepatitis: 181 +/- 106 pmol/h/mg; liver cirrhosis: 233 +/- 164 pmol/h/mg), and 195 +/- 72 pmol/h/mg in HCC tissues. The mRNA expression of 1-6 FucT was also enhanced in proportion to enzymatic activity except for a few cases, suggesting that 1-6 FucT expression is increased in chronic liver diseases, especially liver cirrhosis. Transfection of 1-6 FucT gene into cultured rat hepatocytes markedly increased 1-6 FucT activity and led to an increase in lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) binding proteins in both cell lysates and condition media. When the 1-6 FucT gene was transfected into a human HCC cell line, Hep3B, which originally showed low levels of 1-6 FucT expression, 1-6-fucosylated AFP was dramatically increased in the condition media. Collectively, these results suggest that the enhancement of 1-6 FucT expression increased the fucosylation of several proteins, including AFP, and that the level of 1-6-fucosylated AFP in patients with HCC was in part caused by up-regulation of the 1-6 FucT gene expression.
Coalition's changes to NHS were damaging and distracting, says new review
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The reorganisation of the NHS in England under the coalition government was badly timed and has led to damaging and distracting effects, an assessment by the health policy think tank the King’s Fund has concluded.

The Health and Social Care Act, which was signed into law in March 2012 and took effect in April 2013, led to complex changes in the structure of the NHS at a time when the focus should have been on tackling an unprecedented funding squeeze and the growing demand for services, said the report.1

In a warning to political parties ahead of the general election in May, Chris Ham, chief executive of the King’s Fund and an author of the report, said, “Politicians should be wary of ever again embarking on such a sweeping …
The five minute sports medicine consult
Authors: C Milne
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Edited by Mark D Bracker. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001, £53.00 (hardcover), pp 631. ISBN 0781730457

The idea for this book grew out of a weekly didactic lecture series on the Fellowship programme at the University of California, San Diego. Mark Bracker is the director of the programme, and he has assembled some 200 contributing authors to provide a potted summary of virtually all the common conditions seen in sports medicine practice.

Each chapter is in a stereotyped format; most occupy a two page spread. The entry includes basic definitions, epidemiological data, and mechanism of injury. Diagnostic aspects are logically divided into history, examination, and imaging. Then follows a brief description of acute and long term treatment, plus commonly asked questions. Each chapter concludes with a listing of the ICD-9 code plus a …
Reply to Jérôme Verine's Letter to the Editor re: Rodolfo Montironi, Marina Scarpelli, Liang Cheng, et al. Immunoglobulin G4–related Disease in Genitourinary Organs: An Emerging Fibroinflammatory Entity Often Misdiagnosed Preoperatively as Cancer. Eur Urol. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2012.11.056
Authors: Rodolfo Montironi, Marina Scarpelli, Liang Cheng, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Ziya Kirkali, Francesco Montorsi
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Addressing the Global Neglect of Childhood Hearing Impairment in Developing Countries
Authors: Bolajoko O Olusanya
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

The number of children worldwide with hearing impairment is increasing, and these children face a number of obstacles and burdens, given that spoken language is the predominant medium of communication and social interaction. Adequate auditory stimulation, in early childhood in particular, is the foundation for optimal speech and language development as well as the acquisition of literacy skills [1,2]. Failure to detect early and effectively manage within the first year of life a permanent hearing impairment that is congenital or that originates in the neonatal period has been associated with significant and irreversible deficits in speech and in linguistic, cognitive, and educational development [3,4].
Danger of Fire in Formaldehyd Disinfection.
Authors: Charles H. La Wall
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Philadelphia, May 2, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The increased efficiency of formaldehyd disinfection as applied at the present time by means of the formalin-permanganate method of evolving the gas has brought with it a new danger, uncertain, yet none the less real, in consequence of the fact that on several occasions at least, the mixture has been known to take fire spontaneously. During the winter of 1906-7 Dr. Courtland Y. White of Philadelphia, in connection with some disinfection work which he was doing for the Department of Health of the state of Pennsylvania, observed on three occasions that the mixture caught fire after the combination of the constituents had begun and the room had been closed. It was fortunate that the fact was discovered on one of these occasions, as the flame was so high as to endanger nearby articles in the room. Suspecting the possibility of impure ingredients, he
Apoptotic effects of heparin on lymphoblasts, neutrophils, and mononuclear cells: Results of a preliminary in vitro study
Authors: Erol Erduran, Yavuz Tekelio?lu, Yusuf Gedik, Ali?an Y?ld?ran
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

In this study the apoptotic effects of heparin on lymphoblasts, neutrophils, and mononuclear cells were evaluated by flow cytometry for detection of sub-G1 peak, in vitro. Ten children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at diagnosis (Group I), six children with ALL at relapse (Group II), and 10 healthy children (controls) were included in this study. Lymphoblasts in ALL patients, and neutrophils and mononuclear cells in controls, were incubated in increasing heparin concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 U/ml). Flow cytometric analyses were performed at 0, 1, and 2 hours of incubation in heparin for determination of the apoptotic effects of heparin. In Group I apoptosis was detected in all different levels of heparin concentration except 0 U/ml at 0, 1, and 2 hours. The apoptotic effects of heparin on blast cells peaked at the first hour in 5-, 10-, and 20-U/ml heparin concentrations (p < 0.0001). In Group II similar findings were observed only at zero hour and apoptosis was higher than those in Group I except in 5-U/ml heparin concentration (p < 0.001). Apoptosis was found to increase with heparin levels in both groups (p < 0.02). In the control group, apoptosis was detected only at the 20-U/ml heparin concentration and only at the first and second hours. Lymphoblasts are more sensitive to apoptotic effects of heparin than either neutrophils and mononuclear cells (p < 0.004). It can be suggested that low-dose heparin may cause significant apoptosis of lymphoblasts while inducing no apoptosis on neutrophils and mononuclear cells. The findings of this preliminary study indicate that further and more comprehensive research on the apoptotic effect of heparin on lymphoblasts should be done.