tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Summer Birth and the Deficit Syndrome of Schizophrenia
Authors: Brian Kirkpatrick, Ranganathan Ram, Xavier F. Amador, Robert W. Buchanan, Thomas McGlashan, Mauricio Tohen, Evelyn Bromet
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Objective: Patients with the deficit syndrome differ from other patients with schizophrenia relative to physiological correlates, course of illness, and response to treatment. Because of the abnormal seasonality of birth among persons with schizophrenia, the authors examined the relation between this risk factor and the deficit syndrome.Method: Findings in two clinical groups suggested an increase in summer births among deficit syndrome patients. The association between summer birth and the deficit syndrome was then examined in a catchment area study of first-admission patients with psychosis.Results: In the catchment area sample, summer birth was also significantly associated with the deficit syndrome; negative symptoms broadly defined were not. Conclusions: These findings add to the increasing evidence that 1) patients with the deficit syndrome have a disease with an etiopathophysiology separate from that of other patients with what is now called schizophrenia and 2) the correlates of broadly defined negative symptoms are different from those for the deficit syndrome. The previously reported association between winter birth and schizophrenia appears to apply to nondeficit schizophrenia only. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1221-1226
A Comparative Study of Cerebral Atherosclerosis in Males and Females
Authors: GEORGE C. FLORA, A. B. BAKER, RUTH B. LOEWENSON, ARTHUR C. KLASSEN
Journal: Circulation (1968)

An evaluation of the influence of sex upon cerebral atherosclerosis was carried out in 5,033 consecutive autopsies studied by a special well-standardized coding technique. A sex difference in frequency of cerebral atherosclerosis appears from the fourth to the sixth decade. During this period the percentage of female cases with no atherosclerosis lags behind the percentage of male cases by a 15-year period. After the sixth decade, the frequency of cerebral atherosclerosis increases more rapidly in females, so that beyond the age of 65 years the frequency of cerebral atherosclerosis is equal in the two sexes. Furthermore, younger males show a higher degree of cerebral atherosclerosis than females of the same age and a reverse trend appears in the oldest age groups. Diabetic females have more cerebral atherosclerosis than nondiabetic males, and beyond the fourth decade they have at least as much involvement as the diabetic males.
Downregulation of Immunodetectable Connexin43 and Decreased Gap Junction Size in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Hibernation in the Human Left Ventricle
Authors: Raffi R. Kaprielian, Mark Gunning, Emmanuel Dupont, Mary N. Sheppard, Stephen M. Rothery, Richard Underwood, Dudley J. Pennell, Kim Fox, John Pepper, Philip A. Poole-Wilson, Nicholas J. Severs
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The regional wall motion impairment and predisposition to arrhythmias in human ventricular hibernation may plausibly result from abnormal intercellular propagation of the depolarizing wave front. This study investigated the hypothesis that altered patterns of expression of connexin43, the principal gap junctional protein responsible for passive conduction of the cardiac action potential, contribute to the pathogenesis of hibernation. Methods and Results —Patients with poor ventricular function and severe coronary artery disease underwent thallium scanning and MRI to predict regions of normally perfused, reversibly ischemic, or hibernating myocardium. Twenty-one patients went on to coronary artery bypass graft surgery, during which biopsies representative of each of the above classes were taken. Hibernation was confirmed by improvement in segmental wall motion at reassessment 6 months after surgery. Connexin43 was studied by quantitative immunoconfocal laser scanning microscopy and PC image software. Analysis of en face projection views of intercalated disks revealed a significant reduction in relative connexin43 content per unit area in reversibly ischemic (76.7±34.6%, P &lt;.001) and hibernating (67.4±24.3%, P &lt;.001) tissue compared with normal (100±30.3%); ANOVA P &lt;.001. The hibernating regions were further characterized by loss of the larger gap junctions normally seen at the disk periphery, reflected by a significant reduction in mean junctional plaque size in the hibernating tissues (69.5±20.8%) compared with reversibly ischemic (87.4±31.2%, P =.012) and normal (100±31.5%, P &lt;.001) segments; ANOVA P &lt;.001. Conclusions —These results indicate progressive reduction and disruption of connexin43 gap junctions in reversible ischemia and hibernation. Abnormal impulse propagation resulting from such changes may contribute to the electromechanical dysfunction associated with hibernation.
Lineage tracing demonstrates no evidence of cholangiocyte epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in murine models of hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Andrew S. Chu, Rosalyn Diaz, Jia-Ji Hui, Kilangsungla Yanger, Yiwei Zong, Gianfranco Alpini, Ben Z. Stanger, Rebecca G. Wells
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Whether or not cholangiocytes or their hepatic progenitors undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to become matrix-producing myofibroblasts during biliary fibrosis is a significant ongoing controversy. To assess whether EMT is active during biliary fibrosis, we used Alfp-Cre × Rosa26-YFP mice, in which the epithelial cells of the liver (hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and their bipotential progenitors) are heritably labeled at high efficiency with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Primary cholangiocytes isolated from our reporter strain were able to undergo EMT in vitro when treated with transforming growth factor-β1 alone or in combination with tumor necrosis factor-α, as indicated by adoption of fibroblastoid morphology, intracellular relocalization of E-cadherin, and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). To determine whether EMT occurs in vivo , we induced liver fibrosis in Alfp-Cre × Rosa26-YFP mice using the bile duct ligation (BDL) (2, 4, and 8 weeks), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (3 weeks), and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC; 2 and 3 weeks) models. In no case did we find evidence of colocalization of YFP with the mesenchymal markers S100A4, vimentin, α-SMA, or procollagen 1α2, although these proteins were abundant in the peribiliary regions. Conclusion: Hepatocytes and cholangiocytes do not undergo EMT in murine models of hepatic fibrosis. (Hepatology 2011;)
The Incidence of Ulcerative Keratitis among Users of Daily-Wear and Extended-Wear Soft Contact Lenses
Authors: Eugene C. Poggio, Robert J. Glynn, Oliver D. Schein, Johanna M. Seddon, Maura J. Shannon, Vincent A. Scardino, Kenneth R. Kenyon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The wearing of contact lenses has increased dramatically in the past decade; over 4 million people in the United States now use extended-wear soft contact lenses, and 9 million use daily-wear soft contact lenses. Numerous reports have caused concern that the use of soft contact lenses, especially extended-wear lenses, may result in a substantial risk of ulcerative keratitis. To examine this issue, we conducted a prospective study in five New England states to estimate the incidence of ulcerative keratitis among those who use cosmetic extended-wear and daily-wear soft contact lenses. To obtain the numerator for each estimate of incidence, we surveyed all practicing ophthalmologists in the study area to identify all new cases diagnosed over a four-month period. To provide the denominator, we conducted a survey of 4178 households to estimate the number of persons who wore each type of soft contact lens. The annualized incidence of ulcerative keratitis was estimated to be 20.9 per 10,000 persons using extended-wear soft contact lenses for cosmetic purposes and 4.1 per 10,000 persons using daily-wear soft contact lenses for cosmetic purposes (P less than 0.00001).
Transcendence, guilt, and self-control
Authors: Roy F. Baumeister
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Transcendence, defined as the capacity to perceive the immediate stimulus environment in relation to long-range or abstract concerns, is a key aspect of self-control, and indeed self-regulation often breaks down because attention becomes focused exclusively on the immediate stimuli (i.e., transcendence fails). Factors that restrict attention to the here and now will weaken self-control, whereas factors that promote transcendence will enhance it. Guilt may be one example of the latter.
VALUE OF IRRADIATION IN TREATMENT OF INOPERABLE CARCINOMA OF THE OVARY
Authors: FLOYD E. KEENE
Journal: JAMA (1927)

This report is based on an analysis of twenty-four cases of carcinoma of the ovary which have been referred to the roentgen-ray laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania Hospital for treatment. In all, the diagnosis has been proved by operation, and each patient has received at least one complete series of treatments. <h3>CONDITION OF PATIENTS</h3> Preceding irradiation, the following operations had been performed: exploratory, six; bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, seven; bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy, eight, and unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, three. With only one exception (ruptured carcinomatous cyst), visible peritoneal metastases were present at the time of the operation; complete removal of the carcinomatous ovary was impossible, or late recurrence had followed operation. Irradiation was given in twenty cases from one to three months after operation, while in four, intervals of six months, seven months, one and one-half years and seven years, respectively, had elapsed between operation and recurrence. Papillary carcinoma was present in
Age incidence of antibodies to normal human epidermis
Authors: D.B. HOLLAND, G. GOWLAND, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Age incidence of antibodies to normal human epidermis Get access D.B. HOLLAND, D.B. HOLLAND University Departments of Immunology and Dermatology, The General Infirmary, Leeds LS13EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. GOWLAND, G. GOWLAND University Departments of Immunology and Dermatology, The General Infirmary, Leeds LS13EX, U.K. Professor G. Gowland, University Department of Immunology. The General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS13EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.J. CUNLIFFE W.J. CUNLIFFE University Departments of Immunology and Dermatology, The General Infirmary, Leeds LS13EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 6, 1 June 1985, Pages 687–690, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02337.x Published: 01 June 1985 Article history Accepted: 04 November 1984 Published: 01 June 1985
On the Hypocalciuric Action of Chlorothiazide
Authors: Linda S. Costanzo, I. M. Weiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Clearance experiments were performed in female mongrel dogs, either intact or thyro-parathy-roidectomized (T-PTX), under pentobarbital anesthesia, to examine the unusual hypocalciuric property of thiazide diuretics. The relationship between calcium clearance (C(Ca)) and sodium clearance (C(Na)) was determined in normal dogs, C(Ca) = 0.79 C(Na); constant infusion of chlorothiazide (CTZ) to provide drug concentrations in plasma of approximately 40 mug/ml modified this relationship; C(Ca) = 0.30 C(Na) (P < 0.001). The magnitude of the dissociating effect of CTZ on the urinary Ca/Na relationship was found to be most highly correlated with urinary drug concentration. Infusion of CTZ (1 mg/min) into one renal artery caused a unilateral decrease (25%) in C(Ca)/GFR while producing a unilateral increase (80%) in C(Na)/GFR. The same dose of CTZ in T-PTX dogs produced an increase in C(Na)/GFR without causing a change in C(Ca)/GFR. The defective response in T-PTX dogs could be ascribed to poor tubular secretion of the drug; when urinary drug concentrations were elevated in T-PTX dogs to the levels found in intact dogs (by infusing more drug), C(Ca)/GFR fell to an equivalent extent. T-PTX dogs showed substantially lower renal extraction of CTZ (42%) than intact dogs (57%); PTH administration to T-PTX dogs increased extraction toward normal (49%). The defective secretion of CTZ could not be attributed to either a decreased tubular maximum or a decreased renal blood flow.
Necrotizing fasciitis secondary to the insertion of a cardiac pacemaker
Authors: Padmanabhan Subramanian, Sophie Shilston, Shanjitha Kantharuban, Srinivasan Iyer
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

We present, to our knowledge, the first reported case of necrotizing fasciitis following insertion of a cardiac permanent pacemaker (PPM). A 91-year-old gentleman was admitted with septic shock under the medical team. He had had a cardiac PPM inserted 10 days prior for complete heart block. He was initially treated by the GP for a postoperative superficial infection with a course of oral antibiotics at home but over the next few days he became systemically unwell. Preadmission, this patient was independent, living with his wife and had no other significant past medical history apart from the heart block. On admission he had suffered a ventricular tachycardia-related cardiac arrest and had been successfully resuscitated. He was subsequently managed in the coronary care unit (CCU) with a diagnosis of systemic sepsis from an infected pacemaker. While in CCU his condition deteriorated and he developed acute renal failure. It was noted that the cellulitis was becoming increasingly widespread around the pacemaker site, and was not responding to the intravenous antibiotics. There was an extremely high suspicion of necrotizing fasciitis, and the plastic surgeons were contacted for a review. The same day, he was expeditiously taken to theatre by the plastic surgical team. Perioperative findings included the presence of murky fluid, oedema of the subcutaneous tissue and necrotic muscle around the pacemaker. This gentleman then underwent a radical debridement of the infected tissues. The infected pacemaker was removed and the patient temporarily externally paced. Microbiology revealed the causative organisms to be Staphylococcus capitis, Streptococcus salivarius and Staphlococcus aureus. The histology from the samples gathered at the time of the procedure was consistent with a diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. Following treatment in the intensive care unit, the open chest wound was closed with a split thickness skin graft, five days post-debridement. He had re-implantation of a new PPM on the contralateral (right) side two days later.
Self-expanding Biliary Stents: Preliminary Clinical Experience
Authors: H. Neuhaus, F. Hagenmüller, M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

Nine self-expanding metallic stents were implanted in 7 patients to relieve biliary obstruction. One patient had a benign stricture and 6 patients had malignant stenoses. The stent was inserted percutaneously on a 7 F delivery catheter in 6 patients. Endoscopic transpapillary implantation was performed in one patient. After release the stent expanded to a diameter of 8-10 mm. The correct position was checked by fluoroscopy and cholangiography. In addition, percutaneous cholangioscopy was carried out in 6 patients. No complications were observed within 30 days. Clinical improvement was seen in all patients. After a mean follow-up period of 11 weeks (range: 3-17) 6 of the 7 patients are still alive with no evidence of biliary reobstruction. One patient died of disseminated malignancy. The initial results are promising. The wide-bore diameter, the macroporous configuration and the small surface area of the implanted self-expanding stents would seem to be associated with lower rates of infection, clogging and migration as compared with conventional endoprostheses. Further trials are warranted to determine the future role of self-expanding stents in biliary obstruction.
The role of the leukocyte adhesion molecules VLA-4, LFA-1, and Mac-1 in allergic airway responses in the rat.
Authors: H A Rabb, R Olivenstein, T B Issekutz, P M Renzi, J G Martin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Chronic airway inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. The leukocyte adhesion molecules VLA-4 of the beta 1 integrin family, and LFA-1 and Mac-1 of the beta 2 family have a demonstrated role in leukocyte-endothelial adherence and may play a role in airway inflammation in asthma. We studied the effects of blocking VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29) and both LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) airway responses and inflammation in rats. BN rats were sensitized with ovalbumin (OA) subcutaneously and were challenged 14 d later with aerosolized OA. Twelve rats were treated prior to challenge with anti-rat VLA-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb), 10 rats received both anti-LFA-1 and anti-Mac-1 mAb, and 14 rats received a control mAb. The pulmonary resistance (RL) was measured for 8 h after challenge. The inflammatory response was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and by measuring the lung and airway inflammatory cells retrieved by enzymative dispersion. The early response was significantly decreased in both the anti-VLA-4 group (131% baseline RL) and the anti-LFA-1/Mac-1 group (118%; p < 0.05) compared with the control group (202%). The late response was also significantly decreased in both the anti-VLA-4 (3.7) and anti-LFA-1/Mac-1 (2.6) groups compared with the control group (19.7). The significant differences in bronchoalveolar lavage were a decrease in neutrophils in the LFA-1/Mac-1 group and an increase in macrophages in the anti-VLA-4 group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coronary Heart Disease: Clinical, Angiographic, and Pathologic Profiles
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This comprehensively annotated jumbo atlas is based on the authors' extensive experience with coronary disease, representing the combined efforts of distinguished workers in cardiac pathology, radiology, and medicine. The oversize format permits reproduction of magnificent roentgenograms, particularly superb views of the coronary circulation accompanied by suitably labeled sketches, and magnifications of gross and microscopic pathologic specimens. The text is everywhere subordinated to the illustrations yet is an outstanding example of concise communication covering all the essential information. Another advantage of the large size is the pleasant spatial arrangements, clearly a tribute to the publisher's sense of design. There are many ECGs keyed to the case material; all of them have the "too-good-to-be-true" definition of drawings. With few exceptions, the process must have involved retouching of actual tracings to produce uniformly excellent reproductions of the electrical counterparts of the anatomic and clinical data. The preface contains the usual shotgun statement describing
The Surgeon General's Report on Nutrition and Health: Summary and Recommendations
Authors: Alfred E. Harper
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Despite its title, this is not a report on nutrition and health. It is, as Surgeon General Koop states in his introductory comments, a report "primarily on the relationship of diet to the occurrence of chronic diseases," prepared "for nutritional policymakers." One senses, especially from the statement of the authors, that the full report (700 pages) provides "a comprehensive review of the most important scientific evidence in support of current Federal nutrition policy," that it was prepared not only for, but by, policymakers. In essence, the report is a defense of the policy of recommending foods ("dietary choices") as prescriptions for "prevention and control of certain chronic diseases" (coronary heart disease, some types of cancers, stroke, diabetes mellitus, hypertension). But, as Secretary Bowen notes in the foreword, "there are still many uncertainties about diet-disease relationships." This is borne out by frequent use in the text of phrases such as "there
Cardiomyopathy Associated With the Smoking of Crystal Methamphetamine
Authors: Robert Hong
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The smoking of crystal methamphetamine, or "ice," is a growing drug abuse problem in the United States. The toxic effects of methamphetamine smoking have not been well described. We describe two patients with cardiovascular toxic effects associated with the smoking of crystal methamphetamine. In our first patient, the use of smokable methamphetamine was associated with the subsequent development of pulmonary edema and a dilated cardiomyopathy. In our second patient, the smoking of crystal methamphetamine likely produced diffuse vasospasm that resulted in acute myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and death. The recognition of potentially lethal cardiac complications associated with the smoking of crystal methamphetamine is of extreme significance and should be emphasized to potential abusers of this drug. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:1152-1154)
Update in Infectious Diseases: Evidence Published in 2012
Authors: Bennett Lorber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Updates7 May 2013Update in Infectious Diseases: Evidence Published in 2012Bennett Lorber, MDBennett Lorber, MDFrom Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-9-201305070-00102 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Is there any more dynamic medical specialty than infectious diseases? I don't think so, and I believe the medical literature published in 2012 supports my assertion. Revelations include a paradigm shift in our understanding of the role of asymptomatic bacteriuria, the description of an ehrlichiosis-like illness due to a newly discovered virus, and a sinusitis study based in primary care, office-based practices showing that antibiotic treatment does not improve disease-specific quality of life. This Update reviews clinically based papers that would be interesting and useful to general internists.SinusitisThe Usual Patient With Sinusitis Does Not Benefit From Antibiotic Treatment ...References1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Exophiala infection from contaminated injectable steroids prepared by a compounding pharmacy—United States, July–November 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002;51:1109-12. [PMID: 12530707] MedlineGoogle Scholar2. Pinto RZ, Maher CG, Ferreira ML, Hancock M, Oliveira VC, McLachlan AJ, et al. Epidural corticosteroid injections in the management of sciatica: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157:865-77. [PMID: 23362516] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Disclosures: None disclosed. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M12-3133.Corresponding Author: Bennett Lorber, MD, Temple University Hospital, Broad and Ontario Streets, Philadelphia, PA, 19140; e-mail: bennett.[email protected]edu.Author Contributions: Conception and design: B. Lorber.Analysis and interpretation of the data: B. Lorber.Drafting of the article: B. Lorber.Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: B. Lorber.Final approval of the article: B. Lorber.Provision of study materials or patients: B. Lorber.Administrative, technical, or logistic support: B. Lorber.Collection and assembly of data: B. Lorber.This article was published at www.annals.org on 11 April 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 May 2013Volume 158, Issue 9Page: 686-690KeywordsAntibioticsEndocarditisErythemaHIV preventionLyme diseaseMeningitisSurgeryTicks ePublished: 7 May 2013 Issue Published: 7 May 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...