tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of<i>Matrix Metalloproteinase-8</i>Gene Variation with Breast Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Julie Decock, Ji-Rong Long, Ross C. Laxton, Xiao-Ou Shu, Conrad Hodgkinson, Wouter Hendrickx, Eve G. Pearce, Yu-Tang Gao, Andresa C. Pereira, Robert Paridaens, Wei Zheng, Shu Ye
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Animal and cell studies indicate an inhibitory effect of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) on tumorigenesis and metastasis. We investigated whether MMP8 gene variation was associated with breast cancer metastasis and prognosis in humans. We first studied nine tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the MMP8 gene in 140 clinically and pathologically well-characterized breast cancer patients. Four of the SNPs were found to be associated with lymph node metastasis, the most pronounced being a promoter SNP (rs11225395) with its minor allele (T) associating with reduced susceptibility to lymph node metastasis (P = 0.02). This SNP was further evaluated for association with cancer relapse and survival among a cohort of ∼1,100 breast cancer patients who had been followed for cancer recurrence and mortality for a median of 7.1 years. The T allele was associated with reduced cancer relapse and greater survival, particularly among patients with earlier stage cancer. Among patients of tumor-node-metastasis stage 0 to II, the adjusted hazard ratio of disease-free survival was 0.7 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.5–0.9] for patients carrying T allele compared with those homozygous for the C allele (P = 0.02). In vitro experiments showed that the T allele had higher promoter activity than the C allele in breast cancer cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed binding of nuclear proteins to the DNA sequence at the SNP site of the T allele but not that of the C allele. The data suggest that MMP8 gene variation may influence breast cancer prognosis and support the notion that MMP8 has an inhibitory effect on cancer metastasis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(21):10214–21]
Remarks upon the Stages of Infectiveness of Measles
Authors: T. F. Pearse
Journal: BMJ (1882)

family, consisting of man and wife and eight children, all unvaccinated.These I vaccinated without delay, and none contracted the disease, although the division between the two houses was of a very slight nature, being merely a wooden partition.Again, small-pox existed in a house, one of a row of brick ones.An unvaccinated girl, in the sixth house distant, contracted the disease in the confluent form.Her mother and two sisters consented to be vaccinated, but her father, who said he had been vaccinated in child- hood, but whose arms bore only one indistinct and by no means charac- teristic mark, refused vaccination, soon contracted the disease in a severe form, and both he and his unvaccinated daughter died, the others escaping altogether.The only unvaccinated person in the third house distant, a boy, aged IO, whose doting foster-parents had refrained from having him vaccinated, for fear, as they said, of injuring his health, but who had anxiously taken every other precaution, contracted small-pox in the confluent form, but recovered, with great disfigurement.All the other inmates of this and the intermediate houses, having been efficiently vaccinated, escaped the disease entirely.
Religious Psychotherapy in Depressive Patients
Authors: M.Z. Azhar, S.L. Varma
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

This study was conducted to explore the outcome of psychotherapy in ethnic Malays with strong religious and cultural background. The patients were divided into two groups. The study and control groups consisted of 32 depressed patient each. In the study group brief psychotherapy of 15–20 sessions was attempted with the addition of a religious perspective, while in the control group the religious perspective was omitted. Patients in the study group showed more rapid improvement in the initial 3 months of the study period than those in the control group, but at the end of the 6 months the difference became nonsignificant.
Long-acting inhaled anticholinergic therapy improves sleeping oxygen saturation in COPD
Authors: W.T. McNicholas, P.M.A. Calverley, A. Lee, J.C. Edwards
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Oxygen desaturation occurs during sleep in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, due to hypoventilation and ventilation-perfusion mismatching, but the possible contribution of airflow limitation is unclear. In a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of severe, stable COPD patients, the authors compared 4 weeks treatment with a long-acting inhaled anticholinergic agent (tiotropium), taken in the morning (tiotropium-AM), or in the evening (tiotropium-PM), on sleeping arterial oxygen saturation ( S a,O 2 ) and sleep quality. Overnight polysomnography was performed at baseline and after 4 weeks treatment. A total of 95 patients with awake resting arterial oxygen tension ≤9.98 kPa (75 mmHg) were randomised, with a mean age of 66.4 yrs and mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) of 32% predicted. A total of 80 patients completed the study, of which 56 fulfilled the polysomnographic criterion of at least 2 h sleep in both sleep study nights and represent the group analysed. Tiotropium significantly improved spirometry compared with placebo. Both tiotropium-AM and tiotropium-PM groups had higher S a,O 2 during REM than placebo (+2.41% and +2.42%, respectively, and both pooled and tiotropium-PM groups had higher S a,O 2 during total sleep time (+2.49% and +3.06%, respectively). End-of-treatment FEV 1 correlated with S a,O 2 during REM sleep, however, tiotropium did not change sleep quality. Sustained anticholinergic blockade improves sleeping arterial oxygen saturation without affecting sleep quality.
Reciprocal Roles for CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein (C/EBP) and PU.1 Transcription Factors in Langerhans Cell Commitment
Authors: Atsushi Iwama, Mitsujiro Osawa, Ryutaro Hirasawa, Noriko Uchiyama, Shin Kaneko, Masafumi Onodera, Kazuko Shibuya, Akira Shibuya, Charles Vinson, Daniel G. Tenen, Hiromitsu Nakauchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Myeloid progenitor cells give rise to a variety of progenies including dendritic cells. However, the mechanism controlling the diversification of myeloid progenitors into each progeny is largely unknown. PU.1 and CCAAT/enhancing binding protein (C/EBP) family transcription factors have been characterized as key regulators for the development and function of the myeloid system. However, the roles of C/EBP transcription factors have not been fully identified because of functional redundancy among family members. Using high titer–retroviral infection, we demonstrate that a dominant-negative C/EBP completely blocked the granulocyte–macrophage commitment of human myeloid progenitors. Alternatively, Langerhans cell (LC) commitment was markedly facilitated in the absence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, a strong inducer of LC development, whereas expression of wild-type C/EBP in myeloid progenitors promoted granulocytic differentiation, and completely inhibited TNFα-dependent LC development. On the other hand, expression of wild-type PU.1 in myeloid progenitors triggered LC development in the absence of TNFα, and its instructive effect was canceled by coexpressed C/EBP. Our findings establish reciprocal roles for C/EBP and PU.1 in LC development, and provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of LC development, which has not yet been well characterized.
The Alarming and Rising Costs of Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Call for Action!
Authors: William T. Cefalu, Matthew P. Petersen, Robert E. Ratner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

To the person with diabetes or to the provider caring for this individual, the personal costs associated with the disease are many and apparent on a daily basis: the monitoring of diet and glucose, the daily adjustments in medications, and the fear of, or the presence of, both acute and debilitating chronic complications. Thus, increasing awareness of the epidemic of diabetes has been accompanied in recent years by an even greater public awareness of the enormous increase in health care costs in the U.S. (which, like diabetes prevalence, may be slowing but continues to increase). The lost productivity, mortality, and morbidity as a result of the disease continue to be always in the conversation. In this regard, it has become axiomatic that there is an epidemic of diabetes across the world in general, and in the U.S. in particular. Indeed, the prevalence of diabetes has risen steadily for decades. Even a recent report that diabetes incidence may have plateaued (1) does not mean that the diabetes epidemic is abating—the same report estimates that prevalence will continue to rise because of changing demographics and increasing longevity in the U.S. population.

As the public, policy makers, and payers struggle with how to contain the rising costs of health care, they inevitably look for the underlying factors driving those costs. Many of the costs are related to inefficient systems of care and changing demographics, particularly …
Reduction of Plantar Pressure Using a Prototype Pressure-Relieving Dressing
Authors: Carine H.M. van Schie, Farooq Rawat, Andrew J.M. Boulton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

It is accepted that pressure relief is among the most important aspects in treating diabetic foot ulcers. Clinically, a variety of off-loading devices are used to redistribute pressure away from the area of ulceration to improve wound healing. The incorporation of pressure-relieving properties in a wound care dressing for the treatment foot ulcers is a new and interesting concept, although currently there is no dressing available that contains specific pressure-relieving qualities.

We therefore aimed to investigate the efficacy of a prototype pressure-relieving dressing (PRD) designed to off-load pressure under individual plantar metatarsal head areas. To establish the pressure-reducing efficacy, the PRD was investigated in patients with intact feet only.

The study had institutional review board approval, and all participants gave informed consent. Eighteen diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy but without active foot ulceration were recruited from the Manchester Diabetes Centre. Other inclusion criteria were peak plantar pressure >500 kPa and no peripheral vascular disease.

Participants visited the gait laboratory on 3 consecutive days. Dynamic plantar pressures were measured during barefoot walking using the optical pedobarograph (1). Following baseline plantar pressure measurement on day 1, the metatarsal head with the highest plantar pressure was covered with the prototype PRD, after which pressure measurement was repeated. The center of the dressing pad was applied over the bony prominence of the target metatarsal head …
A Peanut Allergoid with Increased Safety and Maintained Immunogenicity
Authors: H.P.M. van der Kleij, J. Smit, H. Sleijster-Selis, R. van den Hout, L. Gilmartin, R. Pieters, E. Kerkvliet, S. Koppelman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Is chest drain insertion still an expected skill of the general medical trainee
Authors: Sega Pathmanathan, Rebecca Dickinson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: 

The NPSA issued a Rapid Response Report (2008) recommending that chest drains should be inserted by adequately supervised competent staff and thoracic ultrasound is strongly advised for pleural fluid procedures[i].

In the current climate of patient safety, we wanted to evaluate trainee experiences and confidence in Chest drain insertion.

Methods: 

We designed a 10 question survey using a web-based survey programme (surveymonkey.com) with a computer generated link for easy access. A Likert scale (1-5) was used for confidence assessment. This was sent to all GIM trainees (ST3 and above) within the North region of the Yorkshire Deanery.

Results: 

Two hundred and fifty trainees training in GIM were contacted with 64 fully completing the survey (25.6%) and one partial response.

Of respondents, 88.9% are expected to be able to insert a chest drain for a pneumothorax in the acute setting. However 20.6% have not received formal training. For pleural effusions, 54% are expected to be able to insert a chest drain but only 29% had formal thoracic ultrasound training.

Conclusion: 

ICDI for pneumothorax is a necessary skill for a medical registrar but, despite NPSA recommendations, a significant proportion of trainees are still expected to perform the procedure without adequate formal training.

To address this, a fully subsidised simulated ICDI course has been made mandatory for all CMTs in the Yorkshire and Humber region. This is being extended to more senior general medical trainees. As these courses do not cover thoracic ultrasound, we would support that ICDI for pleural effusions should be done by suitably trained staff.

[ii] NPSA, Chest drains: risks associated with the insertion of chest drains, Nov 2008.
Efficacy and Safety of Vismodegib in Advanced Basal-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Aleksandar Sekulic, Michael R. Migden, Anthony E. Oro, Luc Dirix, Karl D. Lewis, John D. Hainsworth, James A. Solomon, Simon Yoo, Sarah T. Arron, Philip A. Friedlander, Ellen Marmur, Charles M. Rudin, Anne Lynn S. Chang, Jennifer A. Low, Howard M. Mackey, Robert L. Yauch, Richard A. Graham, Josina C. Reddy, Axel Hauschild
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Alterations in hedgehog signaling are implicated in the pathogenesis of basal-cell carcinoma. Although most basal-cell carcinomas are treated surgically, no effective therapy exists for locally advanced or metastatic basal-cell carcinoma. A phase 1 study of vismodegib (GDC-0449), a first-in-class, small-molecule inhibitor of the hedgehog pathway, showed a 58% response rate among patients with advanced basal-cell carcinoma.
Has Control of Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertension in Type 1 Diabetes Improved Over Time?
Authors: Janice C. Zgibor, Robb R. Wilson, Trevor J. Orchard
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the extent to which patients’ awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia have changed over time and to examine factors associated with awareness and treatment in a type 1 diabetes population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data from six examinations conducted over 10 years from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study, a prospective study of subjects with childhood-onset (&amp;lt;17 years of age) type 1 diabetes diagnosed between 1950 and 1980 and followed since 1986, were analyzed. Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were defined according to the concurrent Joint National Committee and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel criteria, respectively. RESULTS—Results demonstrated that awareness of both conditions has improved; however, control is not optimal (e.g., only 32.1 and 28% of those with hypertension in 1986–1988 and 1996–1998 were controlled, while for hypercholesterolemia, the rates were 0 and 5.5%, respectively). Stratified by age-group (18–29, 30–39, and &amp;gt;40 years), the youngest subjects with hypercholesterolemia were least likely to be treated and controlled to goal levels. Older age and physician contact were correlates of awareness and treatment of hypertension at baseline, while presence of renal or coronary complications was also associated with awareness and treatment of both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia at the 10-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS—There is a considerable treatment gap, particularly for hypercholesterolemia. Improved treatment of both hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are clearly needed, particularly hypercholesterolemia in younger age-groups who have not yet experienced long-term complications.
64-Slice Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography in Patients With High, Intermediate, or Low Pretest Probability of Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: W. Bob Meijboom, Carlos A.G. van Mieghem, Nico R. Mollet, Francesca Pugliese, Annick C. Weustink, Niels van Pelt, Filippo Cademartiri, Koen Nieman, Eric Boersma, Peter de Jaegere, Gabriel P. Krestin, Pim J. de Feyter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Biopsychosocial characteristics of children who later murder: a prospective study
Authors: Dorothy Otnow Lewis, Ernest Moy, Lori D. Jackson, Robert Aaronson, Nicholas Restifo, Susan Serra, Alexander Simos
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

The authors document the childhood neuropsychiatric and family characteristics of nine male subjects who were clinically evaluated as adolescents and were later arrested for murder. Those subjects are compared with 24 incarcerated delinquents who did not go on to commit violent offenses. The future murderers displayed a constellation of biopsychosocial characteristics that included psychotic symptoms, major neurological impairment, a psychotic first-degree relative, violent acts during childhood, and severe physical abuse. The authors relate this combination of factors to prediction of violence and discuss ethical issues that are involved in intervention to prevent violence.
Renal Dendritic Cells Stimulate IL-10 Production and Attenuate Nephrotoxic Nephritis
Authors: Juliane Scholz, Veronika Lukacs-Kornek, Daniel R. Engel, Sabine Specht, Eva Kiss, Frank Eitner, Jürgen Floege, Herrmann-Josef Groene, Christian Kurts
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2008)

The role of renal dendritic cells (DCs) in glomerulonephritis is unknown. This question was addressed in nephrotoxic nephritis, a murine model of human necrotizing glomerulonephritis, which is dependent on CD4(+) Th1 cells and macrophages. DCs in nephritic kidneys showed signs of activation, accumulated in the tubulo-interstitium, and infiltrated the periglomerular space surrounding inflamed glomeruli. In ex vivo coculture experiments with antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells, DCs stimulated the secretion of IL-10, which is known to attenuate nephrotoxic nephritis, and the Th1 cytokine IFNgamma. Endogenous renal CD4(+) T cells produced both of these cytokines as well, but those from nephritic mice secreted increased amounts of IL-10. Renal DCs were found to express ICOS-L, an inducer of IL-10. To evaluate the in vivo role of renal DCs in disease, CD11c(+) DCs were depleted on days 4 and 10 after the induction of nephritis by injecting CD11c-DTR/GFP mice with diphtheria toxin. Sparing DCs until day 4 did not affect the autologous phase of nephritis. The number of renal DCs was reduced by 70% to 80%, the number of renal macrophages was unchanged, and periglomerular infiltrates were eliminated. On days 11 to 14, we observed aggravated tubulointerstitial and glomerular damage, reduced creatinine clearance, and increased proteinuria. These findings demonstrate that renal DCs exert a renoprotective effect in nephrotoxic nephritis, possibly by expressing ICOS-L and/or by inducing IL-10 in infiltrating CD4(+) Th1 cells.
Improved Biomedical and Psychological Outcomes 1 Year After Structured Education in Flexible Insulin Therapy for People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: David Hopkins, Ian Lawrence, Peter Mansell, Gillian Thompson, Stephanie Amiel, Michael Campbell, Simon Heller
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

DAFNE (Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating), a structured education program in flexible insulin therapy, has been widely adopted in the U.K. after validation in a randomized trial. To determine benefits in routine practice, we collected biomedical and psychological data from all participants attending during a 12-month period.HbA(1c), weight, self-reported hypoglycemia awareness, severe hypoglycemia frequency, PAID (Problem Areas In Diabetes), HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and EuroQol Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire scores were recorded prior to DAFNE and after 1 year.Complete baseline and follow-up HbA(1c) data were available for 639 (54.9%) of 1,163 attendees. HbA(1c) fell from 8.51 ± 1.41 (mean ± SD) to 8.24 ± 1.29% (difference 0.27 [95% CI 0.16-0.38]; P < 0.001), with a greater mean fall of 0.44% from baseline HbA(1c) >8.5%. Severe hypoglycemia rate fell from 1.7 ± 8.5 to 0.6 ± 3.7 episodes per person per year (1.1 [0.7-1.4]) and hypoglycemia recognition improved in 43% of those reporting unawareness. Baseline psychological distress was evident, with a PAID score of 25.2 and HADS scores of 5.3 (anxiety) and 4.8 (depression), falling to 16.7 (8.5 [6.6-10.4]), 4.6 (0.7 [0.4-1.0]), and 4.2 (0.6 [0.3-0.8]), respectively (all P < 0.001 at 1 year). Clinically relevant anxiety and depression (HADS ≥ 8) fell from 24.4 to 18.0% and 20.9 to 15.5%, respectively.A structured education program delivered in routine clinical practice not only improves HbA(1c) while reducing severe hypoglycemia rate and restoring hypoglycemia awareness but also reduces psychological distress and improves perceived well-being.
High reproducibility of patellar tendon vascularity assessed by colour Doppler ultrasonography: a reliable measurement tool for quantifying tendon pathology
Authors: J L Cook, R Ptazsnik, Z S Kiss, P Malliaras, M E Morris, J De Luca
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

This study examined whether patellar tendon vascularity could be quantified accurately in the clinical setting using colour Doppler ultrasonography.A sonographer and two radiologists visually estimated tendon vascularity in millimetres in 74 tendons during ultrasound (US) examination and from hard copy films. These estimates were then compared to the length of vessels measured from the digital image in millimetres and the correlation between them was determined. A subset of 16 tendons was used to compare the estimates of vascularity by two examiners at US examination.The estimation of vascular length at US examination correlated highly with the measured vascular length (r = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87 to 0.94), as did the length estimated from the films (r = 0.94; 95% CI 0.9 to 0.96). The correlation between examiners was 0.84 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.94) for the estimates made during US examination and 0.85 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.95) for the vessel lengths measured from the digital images.These excellent correlations indicate that tendon vascularity can be reliably estimated using colour Doppler ultrasonography and tendon vascularity could therefore be used by clinicians to rate clinical change. This method of quantifying tendon vascularity could also be used in research to investigate the effects of tendon treatments on vascularity.
ATRIAL LEAD LOCATION PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO AVOID UNNECESSARY VENTRICULAR PACING NOT ONLY DURING ATRIAL PACING BUT ALSO DURING ATRIAL SENSING
Authors: Chikashi Suga, Taishi Hirahara, Yoshitaka Sugawara, Jun Nakajima, Junya Ako, Shin-ichi Momomura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
AN OUTBREAK OF LINEAR SCARRING ALOPECIA.
Authors: L. J. A. LOEWENTHAL, H. I. LURIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1956)

Journal Article AN OUTBREAK OF LINEAR SCARRING ALOPECIA. Get access L. J. A. LOEWENTHAL, M.D., M.R.C.P., D.T.M, & H., L. J. A. LOEWENTHAL, M.D., M.R.C.P., D.T.M, & H. Johannes burg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. I. LURIE, M.B., Ch.B., B.Sc. H. I. LURIE, M.B., Ch.B., B.Sc. South African Institute for Medical Research, Johannesburg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 68, Issue 3, 1 March 1956, Pages 88–98, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1956.tb12789.x Published: 01 March 1956