tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HEPATIC STEATOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH ATHEROGENIC DYSLIPIDEMIA INDEPENDENT OF OBESITY, COMPONENTS OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME, MEDICATION USE, AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION.
Authors: Sunal Makadia, Michael Blaha, Tanya Keenan, Chiadi Ndumele, Steven Jones, Andrew DeFilippis, Seth Martin, Payal Kohli, Khurram Nasir, Roger Blumenthal, Raul Santos Filho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A simple and efficient method for constructing an adenoviral cDNA expression library
Authors: Kazuteru Hatanaka, Shumpei Ohnami, Kimiko Yoshida, Yoshiaki Miura, Kazuhiko Aoyagi, Hiroki Sasaki, Masahiro Asaka, Masaaki Terada, Teruhiko Yoshida, Kazunori Aoki
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

cDNA expression cloning is a powerful method for the identification of genes that are able to confer a selectable phenotype on specific cell types. An adenovirus vector is characterized by several advantages over plasmid DNA and retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer, such as broad host range and high infectivity. However, an expression cloning protocol using the adenovirus vector has not been reported. We describe here a simple and efficient method for constructing adenovirus cDNA expression libraries based on Cre-lox-mediated in vitro recombination between adenoviral shuttle plasmid cDNA libraries and adenoviral genomic DNA tagged with terminal protein. In a model experiment, EGFP clones present at the frequency of 0.003% in the shuttle plasmid library could be efficiently converted to adenoviral vector in a 6-cm dish under optimized conditions, indicating that high-complexity libraries harboring low-abundance cDNAs can be produced. The efficiency of this system was demonstrated by the isolation of cDNA for CD2 (frequency less than 1 in 0.3 x 10(4) transcripts in T cells) from the human T cells. This effective and versatile method can facilitate the functional identification of genes for a variety of purposes.
IgE-induced passive sensitization of human isolated bronchi and lung mast cells
Authors: JM Tunon de Lara, Y Okayama, JP Savineau, R Marthan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Passive sensitization of human isolated lung with serum from atopic asthmatic patients provides an opportunity to study the link between airway hyper-responsiveness and the allergic process. To directly demonstrate the role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the effect of the atopic serum, we have compared the effect of passively sensitizing both human bronchi and isolated lung mast cells with either serum from atopic asthmatic patients or human monoclonal IgE. Peripheral bronchi ( &lt; 5 mm in internal diameter) were dissected out from human lung obtained at thoractomy and isometric contraction was studied in response to a variety of immunological stimuli according to the sensitization protocol. Mast cells were also isolated from human lung and histamine release was measured under similar experimental conditions. A contractile response was elicited by either the specific antigen or anti-IgE (0.6-600 ng.mL-1) but not anti-immunoglobulin G (IgG) 0.2-20 micrograms.mL-1) in airways sensitized with atopic serum (total IgE concentration of approximately 1,000 international units (IU).mL-1). The maximal contractile response to anti-IgE was 75 +/- 22% of the response to 1 mM acetylcholine. Similarly, anti-IgE released histamine from isolated lung mast cells sensitized with atopic serum up to 22.4 +/- 2% of total histamine measured within mast cells. When isolated airways or mast cells were sensitized with human monoclonal IgE (1,000 IU.mL-1), response to anti-IgE in terms of contractile response or histamine release, respectively, were not significantly different from those obtained following passive sensitization with atopic serum. Finally, the bronchial contractile response to anti-IgE depended not only on the concentration of anti-IgE but also on that of IgE (300-2,000 IU.mL-1) used to sensitize the airways. These results indicate that the effect of antigen or anti-IgE in peripheral bronchi passively sensitized with atopic serum is mimicked when sensitization is carried out directly with human monoclonal IgE.
Reply to J.S. Abrams et al
Authors: David P. Steensma, Hagop M. Kantarjian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

We appreciate the efforts by the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to improve clinical trial implementation. 1 Although decreasing the median time from concept submission to activation from 727 days to 388 days required substantial effort and is no small achievement, 388 days is still about 300 days too long.Additionally, it is not yet clear that the number of steps or decision points that are required before study activation has diminished, or that more cooperative clinical trials are opening and fully accruing participants.If such efforts merely result in reprioritizing studies and discarding a subset of problematic or stale trials, then money will be saved and fruitless exertion will be reduced, but we will not get any closer to the collective goal of improved outcomes for patients with cancer.
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW RESERVE USING DEFINITY DURING REGADENOSON VASODILATOR STRESS REAL-TIME MYOCARDIAL CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR DETECTION OF LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS
Authors: Lara F. Nhola, Sahar S. Abdelmoneim, Runqing Huang, Brenda G. Kirby, Thomas R. Porter, Sharon L. Mulvagh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
HOSPITAL PERFORMANCE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH THE TIMING OR CAUSES OF 30-DAY READMISSION AFTER HOSPITALIZATION FOR HEART FAILURE OR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Kumar Dharmarajan, Fu-Chi Hsieh, Zhen Qiu Lin, Nancy Kim, Susannah Bernheim, Hector Bueno, Joseph Ross, Leora Horwitz, Jos&eacute; Augusto Barreto-Filho, Elizabeth Drye, Harlan Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Medicine's Arsenal in Battling 'Dominant Dozen,' Other AIDS-Associated Opportunistic Infections
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1991)

WHAT HAD SEEMED to be an endless array of opportunistic infections (OIs) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) now appears to be dominated by about a dozen increasingly treatable maladies. Both more and better studies are expanding the arsenal against pathogens that thrive when immune systems are damaged by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Early evidence suggests some new drugs, including macrolide antiobiotics, may be active against two or more of the most troubling OIs, and could hold hope for single-agent oral prophylaxis where intravenous and multiagent acute treatment now is the only option. Other treatments and preventions, though far from ideal, are emerging at a rapid pace compared with the early days of the epidemic. <h3>Prevention Is Payoff</h3> "Initially the glamorous part" of AIDS research was with antivirals, says Judith E. Feinberg, MD, vice chair of the federal AIDS Clinical Trials Group opportunistic infections committee and assistant profesor
Smoking is part of a causal chain
Authors: S. Logan, N. Spencer, C. Blackburn
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Peter S Blair and colleagues suggest that over 60% of cases of the sudden infant death syndrome may be attributable to the effects of parental smoking.1 This depends on the assumption that the association described is causal.

While smoking is undoubtedly harmful to babies, the magnitude of the risk is less clear. The close correlation between adverse socioeconomic circumstances and smoking and between risk of the sudden infant death syndrome and deprivation requires that the analysis should take careful account of potential confounding. …
Ethical care in dementia
Authors: M.-L. Laakkonen, K. Pitkala
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Requires respect for patient autonomy, partnership with families, and education

More than 24 million people are living with dementia worldwide,1 and this figure is expected to double every 20 years.1 Dementia is an age related disease—about 25% of Europeans aged 85 or more are affected.1 The increasing number of people with dementia is challenging for their families and carers, and for health services. In addition to the physical, emotional, and social aspects of caring for someone with dementia, there are also ethical aspects, which are often poorly understood and overlooked. On 1 October 2009, the Nuffield Council on Bioethics published the report Dementia: ethical issues ,2 which provides practical tools to help health professionals understand and support patients with dementia and their carers. The report emphasises that offering these patients and their carers certain services is not enough; rather, we should be aware of our attitudes and values and how we communicate with them.

The report considers general ethical questions and practical matters arising during the course of the illness. The basic premise is that people with dementia can have a good quality of life …
Hormonal Influences on the Growth and Progression of Cancer
Authors: Kendall Emerson, Andrew G. Jessiman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE inter-relation between the sex hormones and certain forms of cancer was first appreciated by Schinzinger1 in 1889, and demonstrated in man by Sir George Beatson,2 who carried out ovariectomy for carcinoma of the breast and obtained a remission of the disease. This work was soon confirmed by others,3 and by 1905, Lett4 was able to report a series of 99 cases of inoperable carcinoma of the breast treated by oöphorectomy. In this series he observed that a good clinical response occurred in 41 per cent of the patients younger than fifty years of age but in only 23 per . . .
CP-690,550, a therapeutic agent, inhibits cytokine-mediated Jak3 activation and proliferation of T cells from patients with ATL and HAM/TSP
Authors: Wei Ju, Meili Zhang, Jian-kang Jiang, Craig J. Thomas, Unsong Oh, Bonita R. Bryant, Jing Chen, Noriko Sato, Yutaka Tagaya, John C. Morris, John E. Janik, Steven Jacobson, Thomas A. Waldmann
Journal: Blood (2010)
South Korean to head world's top health body
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bak and Bax play central and redundant roles in the regulation of apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of loss of Bax and Bak in the CNS. The adult <i>bax</i><sup>-/-</sup><i>bak</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice display masses of densely staining cells in the proliferative zones of the brain. These cells are shown to be a mix of neural progenitor cells and postmitotic cells at different stages of neural and glial differentiation. Both neural progenitor cells and mature neurons derived from <i>bax</i><sup>-/-</sup><i>bak</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice were resistant to various apoptotic stimuli. Despite this resistance, postmitotic mature <i>bax</i><sup>-/-</sup><i>bak</i><sup>-/-</sup> neurons remain as sensitive to excitoxic death as wild-type neurons. Thus, Bax and Bak play a critical role in regulating the number of neural progenitor cells in the adult brain but are not absolutely required for the initiation of neuronal cell death after neurotoxic injury.
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Familial Forms of Hypertriglyceridemia: A 20-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Melissa A. Austin, Barbara McKnight, Karen L. Edwards, Cynthia M. Bradley, Marguerite J. McNeely, Bruce M. Psaty, John D. Brunzell, Arno G. Motulsky
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) and familial hypertriglyceridemia (FHTG) are 2 of the most common familial forms of hyperlipidemia. There is a paucity of prospective data concerning the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in such families. The purposes of this study were to estimate 20-year total and CVD mortality risk among relatives in these families and to evaluate plasma triglyceride as a predictor of death. Methods and Results —The study was based on lipid and medical history data from 101 families ascertained in 2 studies conducted in the early 1970s. Vital status and cause of death was determined during 1993 to 1997 for 685 family members, including first-degree relatives of the probands and spouse control subjects. Compared with spouse control subjects, 20-year CVD mortality risk was increased among siblings and offspring in FCHL (relative risk 1.7, P =0.02) after adjustment for baseline covariates. In FHTG families, the relative risk was also 1.7 but was not statistically significant ( P =0.39). Baseline triglyceride was associated with increased CVD mortality risk independent of total cholesterol among relatives in FHTG families (relative risk 2.7, P =0.02) but not in FCHL families (relative risk 1.5, P =0.16) after adjustment for baseline covariates. Conclusions —This prospective study establishes that relatives in FCHL families are at increased risk for CVD mortality and illustrates the need for effective prevention strategies in this group. Baseline triglyceride level predicted subsequent CVD mortality among relatives in FHTG families, adding to the growing evidence for the importance of hypertriglyceridemia as a risk factor for CVD.
Mechanical properties and structure of carotid arteries in mice lacking desmin
Authors: Patrick Lacolley, Pascal Challande, Saliha Boumaza, Géraldine Cohuet, Stéphane Laurent, Pierre Boutouyrie, Jean-Alexis Grimaud, Denise Paulin, Jean-Marie Daniel Lamazière, Zhenlin Li
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Our aim was to determine in desmin homozygous mutant mice the viscoelastic properties, the mechanical strength and the structure of the carotid artery. Methods: To assess the viscoelastic properties of large arteries, we have performed an in vivo analysis of the diameter–, and distensibility–pressure curves of the common carotid artery (CCA) in homozygous (Des −/−), heterozygous (Des +/−) and wild-type (Des +/+) mice. To evaluate the mechanical strength, we have measured the in vitro intraluminal pressure producing the rupture of the carotid artery wall. The structure analysis of the arterial wall was based on histology and electronic microscopy. Results: A lower distensibility and an increase of arterial wall viscosity were observed in Des −/− compared with Des +/+. Arterial thickness of Des −/− was similar to those of Des +/+, without changes in elastin and collagen contents. Electron microscopy revealed that the perimeter of cellular fingerlike-projections was smaller in Des −/−, indicating that the cells have lost part of their connections to the extracellular matrix. The rupture pressure was significantly lower in Des −/− (1500±200 mmHg) compared with Des +/+ (2100±80 mmHg) indicating a lower mechanical strength of the vascular wall. No significant difference was found between Des +/− and Des +/+. Conclusion: The desmin is essential to maintain proper viscoelastic properties, structure and mechanical strength of the vascular wall.
Eye drops are better for amblyopia than patches, says study
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Cycloplegic eye drops are as effective as eye patches for the treatment of amblyopia, or lazy eye, the most common cause of visual impairment in children and young adults, a new study claims ( Archives of Ophthalmology 2002;120:268-78).

Amblyopia affects up to 3% of the population and results from visual neglect secondary to muscular and refractive differences between the two eyes. Ultimately these differences result in defective visual processing. It is usually treated by placing a patch over the good eye, effectively forcing the lazy eye to work harder and improve.

The greatest benefit from patches occurs when wearing one is begun in early childhood, preferably before …
A Randomised Comparison of &amp;lsquo;Casodex&amp;rsquo;&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt; (Bicalutamide) 150&amp;nbsp;mg Monotherapy versus Castration in the Treatment of Metastatic and Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: C.J. Tyrrell, A.V. Kaisary, P. Iversen, J.B. Anderson, L. Baert, T. Tammela, M. Chamberlain, A. Webster, G. Blackledge
Journal: European Urology (1998)
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and regulatory T cells in acute viral hepatitis.
Authors: V Barnaba, E Tamburrini, V Laghi, R Cauda, M Levrero, G Ruocco, L Ortona, F Balsano
Journal: Gut (1985)

During acute viral hepatitis, we observed a significant decrease in OKT4/OKT8 ratio with a significant increase in the OKT8 positive subset in acute type B and non-A-non-B hepatitis. This altered ratio persisted in type B for a long time until HBsAg antibody became detectable, while it soon returned to normal in type A and non-A-non-B hepatitis. In the majority of acute hepatitis the altered ratio is because of an increase and not to a decrease in the whole T cell population, as described in chronic HBV infection. The number of HNK-1 positive cells remained raised during the recovery phase of type B and non-A-non-B hepatitis, a finding consistent with the hypothesis that NK cells play a role in the host defence against B and non-A-non-B virus infections. Serum beta 2-microglobulin concentrations were increased only in acute hepatitis B and non-A-non-B where immunological mechanisms are suspected to be involved, and showed a good correlation with the population of activated OKIa positive cells.
Mechanical alternans during acidosis in ferret heart muscle.
Authors: C H Orchard, E McCall, M S Kirby, M R Boyett
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Acidosis leads to mechanical alternans (i.e., alternation of large and small contractions) in ferret papillary muscles. This alternation in the size of the contraction is paralleled by alternation in the size of the intracellular Ca2+ transient (monitored using the photoprotein aequorin). In isolated myocytes, the large contraction is accompanied by a prolonged action potential. Mechanical alternans also can be induced by acidosis in isolated myocytes during a train of voltage-clamp pulses. Thus, it appears unlikely that the mechanical alternans is secondary to changes in action potential duration; it is more likely that the observed changes in action potential duration are secondary to changes in the size of the Ca2+ transient. The observation that a Ca2(+)-activated inward current also shows alternation during mechanical alternans provides a possible mechanism for the link between Ca2+ and action potential duration. The alternation in the size of the Ca2+ transient may be secondary to the slowed mechanical restitution observed in papillary muscles during acidosis. This also could explain the observation that decreasing stimulation rate can abolish the alternans.
A Clinical Lecture ON MY UNSUCCESSFUL OPERATIONS FOR CANCER OF THE TONGUE, AND ON THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF THE DISEASE: Delivered at St. Bartholomew's Hospital
Authors: H. T. Butlin
Journal: BMJ (1903)

AGENTLEMEN,-Nearly four years ago1 I gave an address at the Hunterian Society on what operation can do for cancer of the tongue, and I showed then that the success of operations for cancer of the tongue is really very much greater than it had
Mohs surgery spares the orbicularis oris muscle, optimizing cosmetic and functional outcomes for tumours in the perioral region: a series of 407 cases and reconstructions by dermatological surgeons
Authors: J. Hafiji, W. Hussain, P. Salmon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: no external funding. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) remains the gold standard in the management of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) of the head and neck. Perioral defects pose a particular challenge for the reconstructive surgeon with over 100 procedures described in the literature. We undertook a retrospective review of all perioral cases managed with MMS over a 7‐year period from January 2004 to December 2011. Data was collected from our electronic database, medical records and histopathology reports. The information collated included patients' age and sex, anatomical region of the lesion, histological type of tumour, mode of anaesthesia, pre‐ and postoperative defect sizes, number of stages required to achieve tumour clearance and reconstructive techniques adopted. All surgical defects resulted from MMS for removal of skin cancer. The majority of the procedures were performed under local anaesthetic (LA) using 1% lignocaine with adrenaline (1 : 200 000) and ropivacaine hydrochloride (Naropin®, Astra Zeneca, Auckland, New Zealand) intraoral nerve blocks. The vast majority (98%) of reconstructions were undertaken by dermatological surgeons accredited by the American College of Mohs Surgery. All patients who had undergone MMS under LA were contacted by telephone (J.H.; Tauranga, New Zealand) retrospectively, to ascertain the patients' perception of the tolerability of MMS and subsequent reconstruction under LA. All postoperative clinical images were reviewed independently by another Mohs surgeon working at a different institution (W.H.; Leeds, U.K.) and graded according to a scale (excellent, good, average, poor). This co‐author also trained at the same institution in New Zealand and therefore cases that he was directly involved with were excluded from the study.
Mortality from liver disease in the West Midlands, 1993-2000: observational study
Authors: N C Fisher
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Advanced liver failure carries a poor prognosis, and its prevalence may be reflected by mortality statistics in the form of death certifications for liver disease. In the United Kingdom mortality from cirrhosis and other liver diseases increased slowly from the 1970s to the early 1990s.1 We aimed to ascertain the current mortality from liver disease in the West Midlands region of the United Kingdom.

The study was set in three adjacent metropolitan boroughs in the West Midlands with a total population of 837 000. Around 8.4% of residents are of south Asian origin (Indian, Pakistani, or Bangladeshi; 1991 census). Deaths from liver disease were identified from public health mortality files supplied by the Office for National Statistics, which we searched using ICD-9 (international classification of diseases, 9th revision) reference codes 570-573, and from files supplied by the registrar of the local health authority. …
Abstract 1056: COX-2/PGE2-driven lung cancer invasion/metastasis is dependent on MIG-7 and phosphorylated prohibitin
Authors: Chi-Ming Liang, Ming-Yi Ho, Shu-Mei Liang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract COX-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) enhances lung cancer invasion/metastasis, but its mode of action is largely unclear. We showed here that PGE2 interacted with EP4 to increase phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3), leading to increase in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and E-cadherin suppressors, notably Snail, ZEB1 and Twist. Prohibitin phosphorylated at threonine 258 (phospho-PHBT258) and MIG-7 played critical role in PGE2 effects respectively. Snail was regulated by phospho-PHBT258 via IKKα/β and Ras/Raf-1 signaling pathways, whereas ZEB1 and Twist, were regulated mainly by MIG-7 that also sustained PGE2 effects via positive feedback on phospho-AktS473. Downregulating phospho-PHBT258 and MIG-7 showed additive effect in attenuating lung cancer migration/invasion/metastasis and prolonging disease-free and overall survival of xenograft mice. Our findings highlight the potential for combination therapy targeting phospho-PHBT258 and MIG-7 to block the COX-2/PGE2 effects on cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Chi-Ming Liang, Ming-Yi Ho, Shu-Mei Liang. COX-2/PGE2-driven lung cancer invasion/metastasis is dependent on MIG-7 and phosphorylated prohibitin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1056. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1056