tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Revascularization in the Emory Angioplasty Versus Surgery Trial
Authors: Xue-Qiao Zhao, B. Greg Brown, Douglas K. Stewart, Lynn A. Hillger, Huiman X. Barnhart, Andrzej S. Kosinski, William S. Weintraub, Spencer B. King
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The Emory Angioplasty Versus Surgery Trial (EAST) was designed to determine whether percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is as effective as coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in restoring arterial perfusion capacity in eligible patients with multivessel disease. Methods and Results Of 392 patients in EAST, 198 were randomized to PTCA and 194 to CABG. Index lesions (2.7±1.0 per patient) were those with ≥50% stenosis judged treatable by both angioplasty and surgery. Coronary segments jeopardized by these index lesions were designated as index segments (4.4±1.4 per patient). Percent stenosis was measured by quantitative angiography at the point of greatest obstruction in the main perfusion path of each index segment. The EAST primary arteriographic end point was the percent of a patient’s index segments with &lt;50% stenosis in the main perfusion pathways at 1 and 3 years. At baseline, the percent of index segments for which revascularization was attempted was 85% for PTCA and 98% for CABG ( P &lt;.0001). At 1 year, PTCA patients had a smaller percentage of successfully revascularized index segments than CABG patients (59% versus 88%, P &lt;.001). At 3 years, the findings were similar but less striking (70% versus 87%, P &lt;.001). When only “high-priority” index segments (2.1±1.6 per patient) were considered, baseline attempts were comparable (96% versus 99%, P =NS); despite this, CABG remained more successful at 1 (64% versus 93%, P &lt;.001) and 3 (76% versus 89%, P &lt;.01) years. However, the mean percent of index segments free of severe stenosis (≥70%) did not differ between PTCA and CABG patients at 3 years (93% versus 95%, P =NS). Furthermore, the frequency of patients with all index segments free of severe stenosis did not differ between the two groups at 1 (76% versus 83%, P =NS) or 3 (82% for both PTCA and CABG) years. Conclusions In patients with multivessel disease, index segment revascularization was more complete with CABG than PTCA at both 1 and 3 years. However, when the physiological priority of the target lesion and the measured severity of the residual stenosis are taken into account, the advantage of CABG becomes less significant or nonsignificant. This may, in part, explain why these two strategies did not differ in terms of the EAST primary clinical end points over 3 years.
Adolescent Crisis
Authors: DEREK MILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The physiological crisis of puberty and adolescence, historically attenuated by environmental supports, is now reinforced by societal changes. A major pressure on adolescents is the loss of the extended family, with its consequent social isolation, especially produced by social mobility. Psychological maturation is difficult if adolescents do not have meaningful emotional attachments to adults who are not their parents, as well as to a stable peer group. Educational and care delivery systems could help. Particular problems have been created for the present generation of teenagers by changes in child rearing practices, the confusion of roles among parents, and the passivity induced by television watching. Problems in the school system are reinforced by an abrupt mix of social class and ethnic groups. The implication of adolescent stress in physical illness and its treatment, as well as the effect of syndromes such as epilepsy and diabetes on maturation, are reviewed.
When Abortion Was a Crime: Women, Medicine, and Law in the United States, 1867-1973
Authors: Jane E. Hodgson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

On January 22, 1973, the day of the<i>Roe v Wade</i>decision, (410 US 113), Leslie J. Reagan was just old enough to ask her mother the meaning of the word "abortion." Apparently she continued to ask questions about this subject, because 24 years later, she has presented us with a scholarly history and analysis of abortion during the 100 years preceding her first question. Nearly 250 pages are devoted to the pre-Roe period, followed by a nine-page epilogue. An additional 132 pages contain notes and an adequate index. (Footnotes, rather than endnotes, would have been a real time-saver for the reader.) The archives of the American Medical Association (AMA) at its "heartland" Chicago headquarters were the chief site for Reagan's research. A systematic survey of the medical literature of this period and examination of trial transcripts in Cook County, Ill, police records, coroners' inquests, and the AMA's Historical Health
Singular Case of Calculus Vesicae
Authors: W. F. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1846)

SINGULAR CASE OF CALCULUS VESICAE.57,--of cream; duodenum not miiuch distended, .contained a fluid like that in the stomach; the jejuinumiii and first part of the ileumn enormously enlarged, and con- taining a great quantity of a simnilar fluid to that in the stomach.These parts of the intestines were very much congested, and their colour, in the first portion red, becane darker, and at length black, where the
Biochemical and Hematologic Correlates of Alcoholism and Liver Disease
Authors: Ralph S. Ryback
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Quadratic multiple discriminant analysis of 25 commonly ordered laboratory tests resulted in correct classification of 100% of nonalcoholics without overt liver disease, 98% of alcoholism treatment program patients with presumed mild liver involvement, 96% of alcoholics with liver disease, and 89% of nonalcoholics with liver disease. Direct comparison of the biopsy-verified alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease groups resulted in 100% discrimination, and removal of traditionally evaluated liver tests from the battery of 25 tests did not substantially alter the original classification accuracy. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease was still 100% differentiable when equated for number of patients with cirrhosis, hepatitis, and hepatitis combined with cirrhosis or fibrosis. Additional utility of the quadratic discriminant approach was demonstrated when 83% alcoholic and 83% nonalcoholic liver disease cases were diagnosed correctly in a prospective manner. In contrast, use of aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratios (ie, SGOT to SGPT) identified correctly 75% and 33% of patients, respectively. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:2261-2265)
Shortening hospital stay for psychiatric care: effect on patients and their families
Authors: S R Hirsch, S Platt, A Knights, A Weyman
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A one-year cohort of patients from a defined catchment area with acute functional disorders were allocated at random to brief care (experimental group) or standard care (control group) in hospital to examine the effect of shortening hospital stay on the clinical and social functioning of patients and the distress abnormal functioning caused to others. A total of 127 patients were interviewed on entry to the study, and 106 were followed up. The brief care group had significantly shorter mean and median lengths of stay than the control group, but there was no difference between the groups in the number of days spent in hospital during subsequent admissions. The groups were well matched for clinical and social variables. Rates of improvement over 13 weeks were essentially the same by all measures of outcome, including the Present State Examination and Patient9s Behaviour Assessment Scale, which was developed for the study to measure deterioration in behaviour and social functioning and adverse effects and distress on others. There was no difference between the two groups in burden to the community supporting services, social security requirements, or GP attendances. Improvement rates were nearly identical on all measures within and across diagnostic subgroups. Brief care resulted in a 33% reduction in average length of stay compared with the year before but was associated with a corresponding increase in day hospital use. The short-stay policy continued the year after the study finished. The findings confirm the value of shortening hospital stay and improving day care facilities for most localities.
HBO: new chambers, some growing pains
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) pressure chambers, as well as in the number of patients undergoing therapy in such chambers, say Baltimore researchers. Not only that, some surprising changes in HBO treatment patterns have taken place. There now are at least 93 chambers in the United States, including about 20 in California, says Roy A. M. Myers, MB, ChB, director of hyperbaric medicine, Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems. He and University of Maryland colleagues have mailed out a questionnaire in an effort to determine the extent of clinical use of HBO therapy in this country. Not all of the responses have been received yet, Myers says, but he predicts that at least 20 additional chambers will come to light. The projected total represents at least a fourfold increase over the 27 chambers in operation just four years ago. (There
Computer Use and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Johan Hviid Andersen, Jane Froelund Thomsen, Erik Overgaard, Christina Funch Lassen, Lars Peter Andreas Brandt, Imogen Vilstrup, Ann Isabel Kryger, Sigurd Mikkelsen
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Computer use is increasingly common among many working populations, and concern exists about possible adverse effects of computer use, such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).To estimate the prevalence and incidence of possible CTS and to evaluate the contribution of use of mouse devices and keyboards to the risk of possible CTS.A 1-year follow-up study with questionnaires conducted in 2000 and 2001 at 3500 workplaces in Denmark, followed on each of the 2 occasions by a clinical interview on symptom distribution and frequency.The questionnaire was sent to 9480 members of a trade union, with an initial response rate of 73% (n = 6943), and 82% (n = 5658) at follow-up.At baseline, there were 3 outcome measures: tingling/numbness in the right hand once a week or more as reported in the questionnaire; tingling, numbness, and pain in the median nerve in the right hand confirmed by clinical interview; and tingling, numbness, and pain in the median nerve in the right hand at night confirmed by clinical interview. At 1 year of follow-up the main outcome of interest was onset of symptoms among participants who had no or minor symptoms at baseline.The overall self-reported prevalence of tingling/numbness in the right hand at baseline was 10.9%. The interview confirmed that prevalence of tingling/numbness in the median nerve was 4.8%, of which about one third, corresponding to a prevalence of 1.4%, experienced symptoms at night. Onset of new symptoms in the 1-year follow-up was 5.5%. In the cross-sectional comparisons and in the follow-up analyses, there was an association between use of a mouse device for more than 20 h/wk and risk of possible CTS but no statistically significant association with keyboard use.The occurrence of possible CTS in the right hand was low. The study emphasizes that computer use does not pose a severe occupational hazard for developing symptoms of CTS.
Digitalis Intoxication in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: JOHN A. KASTOR
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The characteristic arrhythmias induced by digitalis glycosides in patients with atrial fibrillation are illustrated, and their mechanisms are described. The two effects of the drug which are most important in the genesis of such disturbances are: production of A-V nodal block and arousal of subsidiary pacemakers. These properties account for slow ventricular responses, escape beats, and nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia. Less commonly observed arrhythmias include exit block from junctional pacemakers, and bidirectional tachycardia which may reflect blocking actions of digitalis in subnodal tissues. The recent development of His bundle electrocardiography and the immunoassay method of blood level determination permit more accurate appraisal of the clinical status of patients in whom digitoxicity is suspected. Treatment of junctional rhythms due to digitalis intoxication is usually passive. The occasional use of drugs, pacing, or cardioversion is discussed.
The presence of IgA on the surface of rat thoractic duct lymphocytes which contain internal IgA.
Authors: A F Williams, J L Gowans
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The presence of lymphocytes with internal IgA among cells from rat thoracic duct lymph wdy. The number of cells detected was greater in animals kept in a convential animal house compared with those maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions. Thoracic duct lymph from B rats and adult thymectomized rats also contained cell with internal IgA. The surface Ig of the IgA-containing cells was studied using a double-labeling technique with (126I) anti-Ig to detect surface Ig, and fluorescein-conjugated anti-IgA in large amounts, but very little IgM and no surface IgG2. The surface IgA was not acquired passively.
Noncardiac Surgery After Coronary Stenting: Early Surgery and Interruption of Antiplatelet Therapy Are Associated With an Increase in Major Adverse Cardiac Events
Authors: Olaf Schouten, Ron T. van Domburg, Jeroen J. Bax, Peter J. de Jaegere, Martin Dunkelgrun, Harm H.H. Feringa, Sanne E. Hoeks, Don Poldermans
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Long-Term Trends in Myocardial Infarction Incidence and Case Fatality in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Nisha I. Parikh, Philimon Gona, Martin G. Larson, Caroline S. Fox, Emelia J. Benjamin, Joanne M. Murabito, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Daniel Levy
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Whereas the prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors has declined over the past decades in the United States, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rates have been steady. We hypothesized that this paradox is due partly to the advent of increasingly sensitive biomarkers for AMI diagnosis.In Framingham Heart Study participants over 4 decades, we compared the incidence and survival rates of initial AMI diagnosis by ECG (AMI-ECG) regardless of biomarkers with those based exclusively on infarction biomarkers (AMI-marker). We used Poisson regression to calculate annual incidence rates of first AMI over 4 decades (1960 to 1969, 1970 to 1979, 1980 to 1989, and 1990 to 1999) and compared rates of AMI-ECG with rates of AMI-marker. Cox proportional-hazards analysis was used to compare AMI case fatality over 4 decades. In 9824 persons (54% women; follow-up, 212 539 person-years; age, 40 to 89 years), 941 AMIs occurred, including 639 AMI-ECG and 302 AMI-marker events. From 1960 to 1999, rates of AMI-ECG declined by approximately 50% and rates of AMI-marker increased approximately 2-fold. Crude 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year case fatality rates in 1960 to 1969 and 1990 to 1999 were 0.20 and 0.14, 0.24 and 0.21, and 0.45 and 0.41, respectively. Age- and sex-adjusted 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year AMI case fatality declined by 60% in 1960 to 1999 (P for trend <0.001), with parallel declines noted after AMI-ECG and AMI-marker.Over the past 40 years, rates of AMI-ECG have declined by 50%, whereas rates of AMI-marker have doubled. Our findings offer an explanation for the apparently steady national AMI rates in the face of improvements in primary prevention.
The Urban Coalition
Authors: JOHN W. GARDNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Convocation Oration1 September 1969The Urban CoalitionJOHN W. GARDNERJOHN W. GARDNERSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-3-647 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptLet me begin by suggesting the direction that is being taken by the most modern thinking on the future patterns of human settlement.Within the past 20 years the urge on the part of large numbers of people to pile into the cities has become wholly anachronistic.For 10 thousand years people had excellent reasons to crowd themselves into urban centers. The massing of people and resources in one place served useful purposes. The diversity of human interaction provided a stimulus that could not be found elsewhere. Thus, from earliest days the cities were creative centers. Diverse cultural strains from... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D. C.Convocation Oration, given April 24, 1969, at the 50th Annual Session of the American College of Physicians, Chicago, Ill.Requests for reprints should be addressed to The Hon. John W. Gardner, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, The Urban Coalition, 1819 H St., N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1969Volume 71, Issue 3Page: 647-652KeywordsForecasting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Thirteen British cases of erythema chronicum migrans, a spirochaetal disease
Authors: M.F. MUHLEMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Thirteen British cases of erythema chronicum migrans are reported. An antibody to the Lyme disease spirochaete was found in three of five recent cases, but Lyme disease was not seen. The distribution and life cycle of the tick Ixodes ricinus is described and related to the occurrence of erythema chronicum migrans in Great Britain.
Drug points: Fever, vasculitic rash, arthritis, pericarditis, and pericardial effusion after mesalazine
Authors: A G Lin, K R Hine
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A 30 year old man with an 11 year history of mild ulcerative colitis presented with a relapse. He had been treated with oral sulphasalazine in the past with no ill effect, but during a recent relapse he developed a vasculitic rash on his lower legs and painful swollen ankles after three weeks of sulphasalazine treatment. These symptoms had receded a couple of days after stopping sulphasalazine. We therefore gave him oral mesalazine (800 mg a day), rectal hydrocortisone (25 mg a …
Epilesional Scarification
Authors: Stephen P. Richman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Because of the serious toxicity of intralesionally injected BCG, including high fever, local ulceration, chronic drainage, and disseminated BCG disease, 13 patients received local BCG immunotherapy by the new approach of epilesional scarification. Three patients had complete responses, four had partial responses, and six had no response. Toxic reactions were minimal compared to those reported for intralesionally given BCG. (<i>JAMA</i>234:1233-1235, 1975)
Clingy bacteria and Crohn's disease
Authors: Mitch Leslie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Noxious intestinal bacteria can latch onto a sticky glycoprotein called CEACAM6. Now, [Carvalho et al.][1] reveal that this cell adhesion molecule enables the bugs to colonize the intestinal lining and cue the symptoms of Crohn's disease in mice.

![Figure][2] 

Transgenic mice expressing human
Effect of simvastatin, ursodeoxycholic acid and simvastatin plus ursodeoxycholic acid on biliary lipid secretion and cholic acid kinetics in nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Giuseppe Mazzella, Paolo Parini, Davide Festi, Franco Bazzoli, Rita Aldini, Aldo Roda, Domenica Tonelli, Antonio Cipolla, Antonio Salzetta, Enrico Roda
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

It has been recently shown that the newest hypocholesterolemic agent, simvastatin, lowers the biliary cholesterol saturation index and that its association with ursodeoxycholic acid renders it more effective. To determine the mechanism by which simvastatin decreases the biliary cholesterol saturation index, we evaluated hepatic secretion rates of cholesterol, bile acids and phospholipids, and cholic acid pool size, turnover and synthesis in eight hyperlipidemic patients (five women and three men, age range = 38 to 65 yr). These assessments were conducted before treatment, after 4 wk of simvastatin (40 mg/day), after 4 wk of ursodeoxycholic acid (600 mg/day) and after a further 4 wk of a combination therapy of simvastatin (40 mg/day) plus ursodeoxycholic acid (600 mg/day). The cholesterol saturation index was significantly reduced with simvastatin (from 1.51 ± 0.10 to 0.94 ± 0.05, mean ± S.E.; p&lt;0.02), with ursodeoxycholic acid (from 1.51 ± 0.10 to 0.86 ± 0.03, mean ± S.E.; p&lt;0.02) and with the combination of simvastatin plus ursodeoxycholic acid (from 1.51 ± 0.01 to 0.70 ± 0.05, p&lt;0.02). The cholesterol saturation index during combination therapy was significantly lower (p&lt;0.02) than that reached during the use of simvastatin and ursodeoxycholic acid. Both simvastatin and ursodeoxycholic acid significantly reduced the hepatic secretion rate of cholesterol (from 130 ± 14 μmol/hr to 81 ± 12 μmol/hr, p&lt;0.01, and 70 ± 9 μmol/hr, p&lt;0.01) without affecting bile acid and phospholipid outputs. The combination induced a significantly greater decrease of biliary cholesterol output (from 130 ± 14 to 53 ± 5 μmol/hr). Cholic acid pool size, synthesis and turnover rate were not affected by simvastatin administration, but ursodeoxycholic acid and the combination therapy significantly increased (p&lt;0.02) the turnover of cholic acid. Our study shows that simvastatin decreases the cholesterol saturation index by reducing the biliary cholesterol secretion rate and that a synergistic effect is obtained by the addition of ursodeoxycholic acid. (Hepatology 1992;15:1072-1078).
Private company that took over failing NHS hospital seeks 47.5m to prevent insolvency
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Circle, the private company that won the contract to run Hinchingbrooke Hospital in Cambridgeshire, has launched a new round of funding at a deep discount to the price at which it floated on the alternative investment market (AIM) a year ago.

It is seeking to raise an additional £47.5m (€59m; $74m) (£46m after expenses) at a price of 70 p per share, and has received undertakings from existing shareholders representing 75% of the existing capital to vote in favour of the required resolutions at a shareholders’ meeting. The company plans to use the money to pay off an existing loan with a high …
The role of eosinophil major basic protein in angiogenesis
Authors: I. Puxeddu, N. Berkman, A. H. Nissim Ben Efraim, D. E. Davies, D. Ribatti, G. J. Gleich, F. Levi‐Schaffer
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Eosinophil‐derived major basic protein (MBP) plays an active role in allergic inflammation and tissue remodelling. However, its role in angiogenesis has not been established as yet. Therefore our objective was to investigate whether MBP exhibits any direct pro‐angiogenic effects. Methods: Rat aortic endothelial cells and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells were cultured with different concentrations of MBP and their viability (Trypan blue exclusion test), proliferation (thymidine incorporation) and capillary‐like structure formation (matrigel assay) were investigated in vitro . The angiogenic activity of MBP was then tested in vivo using the chick chorio allantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Results: Subcytotoxic concentrations of MBP induce endothelial cell proliferation and enhance the pro‐mitogenic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but do not affect their VEGF release. MBP promotes capillarogenesis by endothelial cells seeded on matrigel and sprouting formation in the CAM assay. Furthermore, we have shown that the pro‐angiogenic effect of MBP is not due to its cationic charge since stimulation of the CAMs with the synthetic polycation, poly‐ l ‐arginine does not induce any angiogenic effects. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that MBP has pro‐angiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo , providing a novel mechanism whereby MBP can participate in tissue inflammation and remodelling in atopic diseases.