tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bevacizumab Treatment for Solid Tumors
Authors: Daniel F. Hayes
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ex vivo gene therapy using bone marrow-derived cells: combined effects of intracerebral and intravenous transplantation in a mouse model of niemann–pick disease
Authors: Hee-Kyung Jin, Edward H Schuchman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Normal murine bone marrow cells were transduced with a retroviral vector to overexpress and release human acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). The transduced cells were then transplanted intravenously into 3-day-old, irradiated ASM-deficient mice, a model of human Niemann-Pick disease (NPD). At 4 weeks, engrafted mice received intracerebral injections of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from the original, transduced bone marrow. By 16 weeks, most of the treated NPD mice had near-normal levels of ASM activity in their tissues, including the brain; dramatically improved histology; and marked reductions in sphingomyelin. Cerebellar function also was normal, and the number of Purkinje cells was > 80% of normal. Remarkably, in certain regions of the cerebellum many of the surviving Purkinje cells expressed human ASM RNA, suggesting that either they were donor-derived or that the transplanted bone marrow cells had fused with existing Purkinje cells. However, despite these positive results, by 24 weeks the ASM activities were dramatically reduced and cerebellar function began to decline, coincident with the detection of anti-human ASM antibodies in the plasma. We conclude that this gene therapy procedure might be useful in Type A NPD and other neurological lysosomal storage disorders, particularly since it is an approach that could be beneficial for both the neurological and the visceral organ features of these diseases.
An Outbreak of Norwalk Virus Gastroenteritis Associated With Eating Raw Oysters
Authors: Melvin A. Kohn
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To determine the characteristics and the cause of an outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with eating raw oysters.Survey of groups of persons reporting illness to the health department after eating oysters; survey of convenience sample of oyster harvesters; and tracing of implicated oysters.General community.Relative risk for illness after oyster consumption, source bed of contaminated oysters, presence of antibodies to Norwalk virus in serum, presence of a Norwalk virus in stool by direct electron microscopy and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and DNA sequences of RT-PCR products.Seventy (83%) of 84 persons who ate raw oysters became ill vs three (7%) of 43 people who did not eat raw oysters (relative risk, 11.9; 95% confidence interval, 4.0 to 34.2). Eleven (79%) of 14 serum pairs had at least a fourfold increase in antibody to Norwalk virus. All 12 stool samples tested were positive by electron microscopy and/or RT-PCR for Norwalk virus. The RT-PCR products from all seven stool samples tested had identical DNA sequences. Implicated oysters were harvested November 9 through 13, 1993, from a remote oyster bed. Crews from 22 (85%) of 26 oyster harvesting boats working in this area reported routine overboard disposal of sewage. One harvester with a high level of antibodies to Norwalk virus reported having gastroenteritis November 7 through 10 and overboard disposal of feces into the oyster bed.This outbreak was caused by contamination of oysters in the oyster bed, probably by stool from one or more ill harvesters. Education of oyster harvesters and enforcement of regulations governing waste disposal by oyster harvesting boats might prevent similar outbreaks.
Elastic band injuries.
Authors: F. W. Webb
Journal: BMJ (1968)

BMDTCA formation of anticoagulant fibrinogen degradation products aggravates the haematologic defect.Moreover, to control the replacement of fibrinogen, as is suggested, is difficult, since the laboratory tests com- monly employed in acute fibrinolytic conditions (thrombin time, Fibrindex, etc.) are at best semi-quantitative.Even if a rapid method of fibrinogen estimation is used' the findings can be misleading, for the blood level of fibrinogen may be higher than that indicated by the test owing to the presence of anticoagulant fibrinogen degradation pro- ducts.'In our experience in obstetrical patients' ' the clinical condition of the patient may be a better guide to therapy than the fibrinogen level determined in the laboratory, and fresh whole blood is a better substitute than fibrinogen alone.Lastly, the risk of E.A.C.A. causing intravascular thrombosis (apart from that presented by the original stimulus for defibrination) when it is given for a rela- tively short period (as in acute obstetrical conditions) is negligible.This is because the drug is excreted through the kidneys very rapidly.-Iam, etc.,
In situ hybridization studies of matrix metalloproteinase-3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and type IV collagen in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Daisuke Suzuki, Masanobu Miyazaki, Kiichiro Jinde, Takehiko Koji, Mitsunori Yagame, Masayuki Endoh, Yasuo Nomoto, Hideto Sakai
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
[613] VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE AT 4 AND 12 WEEKS PREDICT HIGH RATES OF SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE IN GENOTYPE 1 PATIENTS TREATED WITH PEGINTERFERON a-2a (40 kD) PLUS RIBAVIRIN
Authors: P. Marcellin, S.J. Hadziyannis, T. Berg, J.M. Sanchez-Tapias, J.-P. Bronowicki, T. Sakai, A. Lin, A. Tietz, P. Ferenci
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Effect of apparatus dead space on breathing parameters in newborns: “flow-through”<i>versus</i>conventional techniques
Authors: G. Schmalisch, B. Foitzik, R.R. Wauer, J. Stocks
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Commercial devices for tidal breathing measurements in newborns allow only short-term measurements, due to the high apparatus dead space of the face mask and pneumotachometer. The flow-through technique (FTT) minimizes the dead space by a background flow, thereby allowing long-term measurements. The aim of this study was to investigate the comparability of tidal breathing parameters using both techniques. Paired measurements of tidal breathing were performed in 86 sleeping infants (median (range) body weight 2.8 kg (1.9–5.3 kg), age 65 days (3–150 days)), using the FTT and SensorMedics 2600 (SM 2600). There was a significant bias (p&lt;0.001) in all tidal breathing parameters. Compared with the FTT, increases (95% confidence interval (CI)) in tidal volume ( V T ), respiratory frequency ( f R ), and minute ventilation ( V ′ E ) were 0.74 (0.5–1.0) mL·kg −1 , 9.0 (6.9–11.2)·min −1 and 92 (74–109) mL·min −1 ·kg −1 when measured with the SM 2600, representing average increases of 13, 17 and 30%, respectively, in response to the added dead space. By contrast, time to peak tidal expiratory flow as a proportion of expiratory time ( t PTEF / t E ) was changed by −0.09 (−0.11–−0.08). The mean (95% CI) change in t PTEF / t E of −54 (−62–−45)%, when measured in infants by the SM 2600, was remarkably similar to that observed during in vitro validation studies (−59 (−73–−44)%), suggesting that the discrepancies in timing parameters may be largely attributable to differences in signal processing. In conclusion, differences in measurement technique and precision of the devices used can result in significant differences in tidal breathing parameters. This may impede the comparison of results within and between infants and the clinical interpretation of tidal breathing measurements in newborns.
Doctor one of two people to face first UK prosecutions for female genital mutilation
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A doctor from the Whittington Hospital in north London and another man will be the first people to face charges of female genital mutilation in the United Kingdom when they appear in court next month.

The Crown Prosecution Service announced on 21 March that Dhanoun Dharmasena allegedly carried out the procedure on a woman after she gave birth in November 2012. The woman had also undergone female genital mutilation on a previous occasion.

Another man, Hasan Mohamed, is facing charges for encouraging and helping …
NEW METHOD OF NEPHRORRHAPHY.
Authors: J. F. BALDWIN
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The following modification of the method of Dr. George Ben Johnson I have been using for some time, and think it is a decided improvement over any other method of anchoring the kidney with which I am acquainted. The usual incision being made in the loin, the kidney is forced into position by the hand of an assistant and stripped of its posterior investment of fat, so as to expose the true capsule. This is incised longitudinally, care being taken not to wound the substance of the kidney. The edges of the incised capsule being caught with the forceps, the capsule is separated from the kidney with the finger, so as to give a flap on each side from two to two and one-half inches in length and about three-fourths of an inch wide. The flaps are cut or torn with the finger at each end, so that they can
Elevated serum levels of pancreatic secretory proteins in cigarette smokers after secretin stimulation.
Authors: G Balldin, A Borgström, A Eddeland, S Genell, L Hagberg, K Ohlsson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The secretory pancreatic proteins in serum were analyzed in a group of cigarette smokers and a control group of nonsmokers before and after intravenous secretin stimulation. None of these persons had any signs of pancreatic disease. In the control group, serum total amylase activity, pancreatic isoamylase, cationic trypsinogen, and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor concentrations varied within the normal range before and after secretin injection. In contrast, the concentrations of these pancreatic proteins in all the cigarette smokers elevated from normal to abnormally high serum concentrations after secretin stimulation. The results indicate a probable toxic effect of cigarette smoking on the exocrine pancreas.
Which Do Patients with NSCLC Harboring EGFR Mutation Prefer EGFR-TKI or Chemotherapy? a Vignettes Study (LOGIK0903)
Authors: M. Fukuda, T. Suetsugu, N. Ebi, N. Nagata, K. Takayama, N. Tsuruta, M. Ishida, S. Tokunaga, J. Sasaki, Y. Ichinose
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Stereotactic radiosurgery for stage I NSCLC in medically inoperable patients: A prospective multicenter phase II study.
Authors: A. Pennathur, R. I. Whyte, A. Zajac, D. G. Brachman, W. E. Gooding, N. A. Christie, H. C. Urschel, B. W. Loo, D. E. Heron, J. D. Luketich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TPS288 Background: Surgical resection is the standard of care for patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, for high-risk patients stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), offers an alternative option. Our objective was to prospectively evaluate the results of SRS in high- risk patients with stage I NSCLC in a multi-institutional setting. Primary Aims: 1) To assess clinical response rate, local control, progression-free survival and overall survival, following CyberKnife SRS. Secondary Aims: 1) To characterize and compare QOL before and after SRS treatment. 2) To assess procedure-related outcomes after SRS of lung tumors. Methods: This is a multicenter (14 centers), prospective study of stage I NSCLC in medically inoperable patients treated with CyberKnife SRS. Eligibility Criteria and Treatment: Strict selection criteria for determination of medical inoperability will be followed, and patients who are not surgical candidates due to pulmonary, cardiac or other comorbidities as per other standard criteria will be accrued. Patients with peripheral lesions will be treated with a total of 60Gy in three fractions, and those with central lesions will be treated with a 48 Gy in 4 fractions. Primary endpoints: Local progression-free survival (LRFS), clinical response rate—evaluated with the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria, regional recurrence-free survival, and distant recurrence-free survival. SecondaryObjectives:1)To characterize and compare QOL before and after SRS treatment. This will be evaluated with the UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire and the SF-36 QOL questionnaire. 2) To assess procedure-related outcomes after SRS of lung tumors. 3) Assess the effect of other clinical, demographic or clinical factors such as age, gender, race, imaging characteristics and location, dose and use of adjuvant therapy. Sample Size and Accrual: With LPFS as primary endpoint we estimate that 71 patients in each dosing scheme will provide 90% power to detect the desired improvement with a one tailed test at α = .10. A total of 78 patients per each dosing scheme, and a total of 156 patients are required to achieve the desired statistical significance. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Accuray
ON THE USE OF CHLOROFORM AS AN ANAeSTHETIC
Authors: H. Lowndes
Journal: BMJ (1854)

OBIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS.26S inpFim, for inrstacewould be found to be mutually illu- te,v% and the correations of these form of disease being mare sucfully studied, practical improvement would mot unquestionably result.I believe it would be advan- tageous to dispense altogether with the term scrofula (ne inw) from our nomenclature, whether scientific or vernacular.The disinclination which patients often have to admit the existence of the diseased condition which they believe it implies, and the prejudice and disgust which it excites, operate very injuriously to the interests of science by inducing them to withhold or garble the truth, and I have for some time past, with great practical advantage, substituted the term tuberculous for scrofulous whenever I have found it necessay to designate the disease.
Diabetes and diabetes-associated lipid abnormalities have distinct effects on initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions
Authors: Catherine B. Renard, Farah Kramer, Fredrik Johansson, Najib Lamharzi, Lisa R. Tannock, Matthias G. von Herrath, Alan Chait, Karin E. Bornfeldt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Diabetes in humans accelerates cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. The relative contributions of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia to atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes are not clear, largely because there is a lack of suitable animal models. We therefore have developed a transgenic mouse model that closely mimics atherosclerosis in humans with type 1 diabetes by breeding low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient mice with transgenic mice in which type 1 diabetes can be induced at will. These mice express a viral protein under control of the insulin promoter and, when infected by the virus, develop an autoimmune attack on the insulin-producing β cells and subsequently develop type 1 diabetes. When these mice are fed a cholesterol-free diet, diabetes, in the absence of associated lipid abnormalities, causes both accelerated lesion initiation and increased arterial macrophage accumulation. When diabetic mice are fed cholesterol-rich diets, on the other hand, they develop severe hypertriglyceridemia and advanced lesions, characterized by extensive intralesional hemorrhage. This progression to advanced lesions is largely dependent on diabetes-induced dyslipidemia, because hyperlipidemic diabetic and nondiabetic mice with similar plasma cholesterol levels show a similar extent of atherosclerosis. Thus, diabetes and diabetes-associated lipid abnormalities have distinct effects on initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions.
Cholesterol pleural effusion in rheumatoid lung disease.
Authors: G C Ferguson
Journal: Thorax (1966)

Cholesterol pleural effusion is a rare condition.According to Moll and Fowweather (1940), Malaguti collected 44 cases from the literature up to 1929.However, I have been able to read only 39 case reports since the original by Churton in 1882, the majority being in the non-English literature.This paper describes a further two patients, who are of particular interest in that for the first time there is in one case a full post- mortem report with histological appearances and, in both, evidence that rheumatoid lung disease was an aetiological factor.CASE I P. D., a 39-year-old man employed as a semi-skilled loom mechanic, or tenter, developed rheumatoid arthritis in 1938.Two months before the onset of his arthritis he was said to have had a right-sided pneumonia.In 1951 he was admitted to Bridge of Earn Hospital for further treatment of the arthritis and was found to have a right-sided pleural effusion.Aspiration of this revealed numerous cholesterol crystals, the cell count being 65% lymphocytes and 35% polymorphs, while the fluid was sterile on
Exercise Plus Behavioral Management in Patients With Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Linda Teri, Laura E. Gibbons, Susan M. McCurry, Rebecca G. Logsdon, David M. Buchner, William E. Barlow, Walter A. Kukull, Andrea Z. LaCroix, Wayne McCormick, Eric B. Larson
Journal: JAMA (2003)

ContextExercise training for patients with Alzheimer disease combined with teaching caregivers how to manage behavioral problems may help decrease the frailty and behavioral impairment that are often prevalent in patients with Alzheimer disease.ObjectiveTo determine whether a home-based exercise program combined with caregiver training in behavioral management techniques would reduce functional dependence and delay institutionalization among patients with Alzheimer disease.Design, Setting, and PatientsRandomized controlled trial of 153 community-dwelling patients meeting National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for Alzheimer disease, conducted between June 1994 and April 1999.InterventionsPatient-caregiver dyads were randomly assigned to the combined exercise and caregiver training progam, Reducing Disability in Alzheimer Disease (RDAD), or to routine medical care (RMC). The RDAD program was conducted in the patients' home over 3 months.Main Outcome MeasuresPhysical health and function (36-item Short-Form Health Survey's [SF-36] physical functioning and physical role functioning subscales and Sickness Impact Profile's Mobility subscale), and affective status (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Cornell Depression Scale for Depression in Dementia).ResultsAt 3 months, in comparison with the routine care patients, more patients in the RDAD group exercised at least 60 min/wk (odds ratio [OR], 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25-6.39; P = .01) and had fewer days of restricted activity (OR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.08-8.95; P<.001). Patients in the RDAD group also had improved scores for physical role functioning compared with worse scores for patients in the RMC group (mean difference, 19.29; 95% CI, 8.75-29.83; P<.001). Patients in the RDAD group had improved Cornell Depression Scale for Depression in Dementia scores while the patients in the RMC group had worse scores (mean difference, −1.03; 95% CI, −0.17 to −1.91; P = .02). At 2 years, the RDAD patients continued to have better physical role functioning scores than the RMC patients (mean difference, 10.89; 95% CI, 3.62-18.16; P = .003) and showed a trend (19% vs 50%) for less institutionalization due to behavioral disturbance. For patients with higher depression scores at baseline, those in the RDAD group improved significantly more at 3 months on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (mean difference, 2.21; 95% CI, 0.22-4.20; P = .04) and maintained that improvement at 24 months (mean difference, 2.14; 95% CI, 0.14-4.17; P = .04).ConclusionExercise training combined with teaching caregivers behavioral management techniques improved physical health and depression in patients with Alzheimer disease.
Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in male hepatitis B surface antigen carriers with chronic hepatitis who have detectable urinary aflatoxin metabolite M1
Authors: Zongtang Sun, Peixin Lu, Mitchell H. Gail, David Pee, Qinan Zhang, Lihua Ming, Jinbing Wang, Yan Wu, Guoting Liu, Yuying Wu, Yuanrong Zhu
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

We followed 145 men with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis for 10 years to determine whether exposure to aflatoxin, or concomitant exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV), or family history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increased the risk of developing HCC. We collected 8 monthly urine samples before beginning follow-up and pooled them to detect aflatoxin metabolite M1 (AFM1). AFM1 was detected in 78 (54%) of the subjects. The risk of HCC was increased 3.3-fold (with a 95% confidence interval of 1.2-8.7) in those with detectable AFM1 (above 3.6 ng/L). This relative risk was adjusted for age and for HCV status. The attributable risk from exposure to detectable AFM1 was 0.553 (0.087, 0.94). The relative risk of fatal cirrhosis for those with elevated AFM1 was 2.8 (0.6, 14.3), and the odds of having a persistently elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) were 2.5-fold greater in those with detectable AFM1 ( P = .007). Concomitant infection with HCV increased the risk of HCC 5.8-fold (2.0-17), adjusted for age and AFM1 status. A family history of HCC increased the risk of HCC 5.6-fold, adjusted for age and AFM1. Four men with detectable AFM1 and HCC all had missense mutation in codon 249 of the p53 gene in cancer tissues. This study shows that exposure to AFM1 can account for a substantial part of the risk of HCC in men with chronic HBV hepatitis and adds importantly to the evidence that HCV and family history of HCC increase the risk of HCC in men with chronic HBV hepatitis.
Broad defects in epidermal cornification in atopic dermatitis identified through genomic analysis
Authors: Emma Guttman-Yassky, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, Andrea Chiricozzi, Kristine E. Nograles, Avner Shemer, Judilyn Fuentes-Duculan, Irma Cardinale, Peng Lin, Reuven Bergman, Anne M. Bowcock, James G. Krueger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)