tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ischemic, Hemodynamic, and Neurohormonal Responses to Mental and Exercise Stress
Authors: A. David Goldberg, Lewis C. Becker, Robert Bonsall, Jerome D. Cohen, Mark W. Ketterer, Peter G. Kaufman, David S. Krantz, Kathleen C. Light, Robert P. McMahon, Todd Noreuil, Carl J. Pepine, James Raczynski, Peter H. Stone, Dawn Strother, Herman Taylor, David S. Sheps
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The pathophysiology of mental stress–induced myocardial ischemia, which occurs at lower heart rates than during physical stress, is not well understood. Methods and Results The Psychophysiological Investigations of Myocardial Ischemia Study (PIMI) evaluated the physiological and neuroendocrine functioning in unmedicated patients with stable coronary artery disease and exercise-induced ischemia. Hemodynamic and neurohormonal responses to bicycle exercise, public speaking, and the Stroop test were measured by radionuclide ventriculography, ECG, and blood pressure and catecholamine monitoring. With mental stress, there were increases in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance that were correlated with increases in plasma epinephrine. During exercise, systemic vascular resistance fell, and there was no relationship between the hemodynamic changes and epinephrine levels. The fall in ejection fraction was greater with mental stress than exercise. During mental stress, the changes in ejection fraction were inversely correlated with the changes in systemic vascular resistance. Evidence for myocardial ischemia was present in 92% of patients during bicycle exercise and in 58% of patients during mental stress. Greater increases in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine occurred with ischemia during exercise, and greater increases in systemic vascular resistance occurred with ischemia during mental stress. Conclusions Mental stress–induced myocardial ischemia is associated with a significant increase in systemic vascular resistance and a relatively minor increase in heart rate and rate-pressure product compared with ischemia induced by exercise. These hemodynamic responses to mental stress can be mediated by the adrenal secretion of epinephrine. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved are important in the understanding of the etiology of myocardial ischemia and perhaps in the selection of appropriate anti-ischemic therapy.
Distribution of cell adhesion molecules in skeletal muscle from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: M Pallis, D K Robson, D O Haskard, R J Powell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

To investigate the pathophysiology of perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates observed in skeletal muscle from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Immunocytochemical techniques were used to examine frozen 5 microns sections from the quadriceps needle muscle biopsy specimens of 14 patients with SLE (including seven with infiltrates) for the expression of the cytokine inducible adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin.Vessels in 6/7 SLE biopsy specimens with perivascular infiltrates expressed VCAM-1 at a density of > 2 vessels/mm2 in contrast with 0/7 SLE biopsy specimens without infiltrates and 1/6 control specimens. In contrast, E-selectin expression was increased ( > 0.3 positive vessels/mm2) in SLE biopsy specimens compared with control tissue regardless of the presence of perivascular infiltration. VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were also noted on extravascular cells in the infiltrates, being particularly prominent on the intermuscle fibre dendritic processes of CD68+ HLA-DR+ cells.Expression of these cytokine inducible adhesion molecules may be important in the migration of mononuclear cells into skeletal muscle and may be involved in intercellular interactions within the tissue.
VI. One Hospital's Analysis of Dollar Expenditure for House Officer Training
Authors: Oliver G. Pratt
Journal: JAMA (1961)

I AM pleased that the program uses the words, One Hospital's Analysis, in dealing with my presentation in this important 57th Annual Congress on Medical Education and Licensure. I am pleased because we have some very definite and specific points of view. I was interested in an editorial relative to hospital costs and related teaching in the December, 1960,Journal of Medical Education. In speaking of hospital costs, the following sentence was in italics: These training costs should not be included in the bed-day cost. I disagree with this statement, at least within the present framework of our particular hospital. The costs as applied to the individual patient are minor in nature and certainly do not reflect the values that accrue to the individual patient who is hospitalized or to our total population that will be in need of medical care or hospitalization or both.  The costs of medical education
Abstract B36: Induction of IL-6 by breast cancer chemotherapy mediates loss of fat-free lean body mass in tumor-free mice by decreasing systemic IGF-1
Authors: Lisa J. Wood, Collin R. Elsea, Lillian M. Nail, Kerri A. Winters, Brian J. Druker
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aims: Cancer patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy often experience changes in body composition that occur independent of changes in food intake or physical activity. These changes may impact physical functioning and quality of life. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), an inflammatory cytokine that is up-regulated in cancer patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapies, plays an important role in the regulation of body composition. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of IL-6 in the regulation of systemic insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) levels and treatment induced changes in body composition using a pre-clinical model. Methods: Changes in body composition and systemic IGF-1 levels were assessed in IL-6−/− mice and their wild type counterparts before and after 4 cycles of cytoxan-adriamycin-5-fluorouracil (CAF) a common adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy regimen. Daily food intake and physical activity were monitored throughout treatment. Results: We found that CAF decreased systemic IGF-1 production in an IL-6-dependent manner. Similar to cancer patients, CAF treatment in WT mice led to a reduction in fat free LBM and bone mass but not fat mass (FM). These changes occurred independently of food intake and level of physical activity. In contrast, IL-6 deficient mice were protected from the treatment induced loss of fat free LBM but not bone mass. Conclusions: These preclinical findings implicate IL-6 mediated reduction in systemic IGF-1 as a possible mechanism underlying the loss of fat free LBM in cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Based upon these pre-clinical findings, examination of these relationships in the clinical setting is warranted. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):B36
Carcinogenicity of chemicals in industrial and consumer products, food contaminants and flavourings, and water chlorination byproducts
Authors: Yann Grosse, Robert Baan, Béatrice Secretan-Lauby, Fatiha El Ghissassi, Véronique Bouvard, Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Neela Guha, Farhad Islami, Laurent Galichet, Kurt Straif
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2011)
Diffuse Lower Hemiskeletal Involvement of Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Authors: MATTHEW WHITE, HEE-MYUNG PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in an 82-year-old man metastasized diffusely to the entire lower half of the skeletal system starting from the L-4 vertebra without any evidence of metastasis elsewhere. The patient had tumor fulguration, bladder infusion chemotherapy, radical cystoprostatectomy, and external beam pelvic radiation therapy (3000 rads) which had ended 5 months earlier. The patient also received an unknown amount of radiation therapy to the spine for arthritis 40 years ago. It is tempting to postulate that radiation-induced fibrosis of the thoracolumbar marrow prevented seeding and growth of the tumor cells, but the true mechanism of the observed phenomenon is unknown.
A HOMOHEMOLYTIC SYSTEM FOR THE SERUM DIAGNOSIS OF SYPHILIS
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

The elimination of the foreign complement and corpuscles from the test for the serodiagnosis of syphilis has been attempted, and the results so far obtained are very satisfactory. Instead of using guinea pig complement, fresh human serum was utilized for the source of complement for the production of hemolysis upon the human corpuscles in the presence of an adequate amount of the specific anti-human amboceptor (prepared in rabbits). Usually 0.1 cc. of fresh human serum contains enough complement to hemolyze 1 cc. of a 1 per cent suspension of human corpuscles, but the amount of anti-human amboceptor required in this combination is about five to seven times that necessary when guinea pig complement (0.04 cc.) is used. It has also been shown that when a given human serum contains insufficient complement, an adequate quantity (0.1 cc. is usually enough) of another fresh negative serum may be added to supplement it. However, one rarely encounters this group of sera. Inactivated human sera can also be examined by utilizing human complement from another source (the serum must be fresh, active, and negative). The only drawback to the present method is the comparatively large amount of anti-human hemolytic amboceptor required. It is estimated that 30 to 40 cc. of the anti-human hemolytic immune serum, from one rabbit, of high potency-say 0.005 cc.-would be enough to examine about 3,000 to 4,000 cases (0.01 cc. for each case), whereas if guinea pig complement were used the same amount would cover about 15,000 tests (0.002 cc. for each case). In a large hospital or in the Army there should be no difficulty in preparing any amount of the anti-human hemolytic amboceptor. For example, material for 100,000 tests could be prepared within 1 month in less than 100 rabbits. The amboceptor serum can be used in the fluid state, or, if the titer is high, impregnated into filter papers. Special attention should be called to the fact that to obtain a powerful anti-human hemolytic amboceptor five to six intraperitoneal injections of corpuscles, thoroughly washed (until there is no trace of serum in the supernatant fluid), in doses of 5, 7, 10, 10, 10, and possibly another 10 cc. of the concentrated suspension (restored to the. original volume of the blood) are required. The bleeding may be done by the 9th or 10th day. The animals may be kept after bleeding for the production of more amboceptor by subsequent injections of the washed corpuscles. Finally, it should be emphasized that only the acetone-insoluble fraction of tissue lipoids of required standards (Noguchi) should be used when utilizing the human complement in the fixation test.
Can reinforcement learning explain variation in early infant crying?
Authors: Arnon Lotem, David W. Winkler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

We welcome Soltis' use of evolutionary signaling theory, but question his interpretations of colic as a signal of vigor and his explanation of abnormal high-pitched crying as a signal of poor infant quality. Instead, we suggest that these phenomena may be suboptimal by-products of a generally adaptive learning process by which infants adjust their crying levels in relation to parental responsiveness.
Ingested Carbohydrates and Blood Glucose in Diabetics
Authors: Richard K. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The study by Brodows et al 1 in the Dec 28,1984, issue of JAMA is a long-awaited formal documentation of what those of us who use pure glucose for treating hypoglycemia have known for many years— gram for gram, glucose raises blood glucose levels faster than any other oral agent. It is unfortunate that the study did not report the blood glucose levels measured two hours after treatment with different foods. We routinely ask our new insulin-using patients to measure their blood glucose responses to candy, orange juice, and other sources of mixed slow- and fast-acting carbohydrate that they had previously been using to treat hypoglycemia. As a rule, they observe that when consuming enough of such foods to normalize blood glucose levels within a half hour, after two hours levels are very high. Thus, rebound hyperglycemia can be explained as a consequence of overconsumption of carbohydrate
Do Repeat Intradetrusor Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections Yield Valuable Results? Clinical and Urodynamic Results after Five Injections in Patients with Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity
Authors: André Reitz, Pierre Denys, Christophe Fermanian, Brigitte Schurch, Eva Comperat, Emmanuel Chartier-Kastler
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Endoscopic Removal of Colonic Lipoma
Authors: S. Bar-Meir, A. Halla, M. Baratz
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

A 71-year-old female with symptomatic colonic lipoma is described. An uneventful colonoscopic removal of the lipoma was performed. Colonoscopic removal of symptomatic pedunculated submucosal colonic lipoma may be recommended.
Tuberculosis in a Family Day-Care Home
Authors: Vladas Kaupas
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Two children developed clinical primary tuberculosis in an unlicensed family day-care home. The husband of the proprietor of the day-care home was identified as an index patient. Contacts and associates of the index patient and the two children were tested with tuberculin skin test and chest x-ray films. The tuberculin-positivity rate was 60% in immediate family members of the index patient, and 28.9% in day-care children. Nine additional cases of primary tuberculosis and two positive reactors were identified among the total group of 38 day-care children. There is a need for a tuberculosis-control program in family day-care homes. (<i>JAMA</i>228:851-854, 1974)
Cardiac catheterisation as an outpatient procedure
Authors: J T Stewart, D E Ward, C W Pumphrey, D. Redwood, H Gray
Journal: BMJ (1989)

were, however, not grounds for excluding patients whom we thought would have something to gain by relief of their aortic stenosis.If a procedure is to be offered to these patients valve replacement relieves stenosis without creating regurgitation, and its benefits will endure.
Induction of 15-Lipoxygenase mRNA and Protein in Early Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Timo Hiltunen, Jukka Luoma, Tapio Nikkari, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background 15-Lipoxygenase (15-LO) may be involved in atherogenesis and in oxidative modification of LDL. In this study, we investigated 15-LO expression in developing atherosclerotic lesions and verified the exact type of the atherosclerosis-associated LO at the nucleotide level. Methods and Results Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry were used in two models of experimental atherosclerosis. New Zealand White rabbits were given a 1% cholesterol diet for 0 (control group), 3, 6, or 14 weeks. 15-LO mRNA was undetectable in the aortic intima-medias of the control group, whereas it was clearly induced as early as after 3 weeks. 15-LO expression increased further in the 6- and 14-week groups. According to in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies, 15-LO was localized to macrophage-rich areas. In Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits, 15-LO mRNA was undetectable in normal aortic intima-medias. 15-LO mRNA was markedly induced in fatty streaks but less so in more advanced lesions. Identification of the induced LO as reticulocyte-type 15-LO was done by cloning and sequencing. We also observed a distinct basal expression of copper-zinc and extracellular superoxide dismutases in normal aortic intima-medias, but no clear induction of these mRNAs was detected in atherosclerotic aortas. Conclusions The results show that, in contrast to copper-zinc and extracellular superoxide dismutases, the expression of reticulocyte-type 15-LO is markedly induced in rabbit fatty streaks. This may lead to an increase in the oxidative potential during the early phase of atherogenesis and contribute to the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
DIFFERENTIATING HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE AND CARDIAC TRANSTHYRETIN ISOLEUCINE 122 (V122I) AMYLOIDOSIS IN AFRO-CARIBBEAN PATIENTS
Authors: Jason Dungu, Oswaldo Valencia, Aigul Baltabaeva, Tarek FT Antonios, Philip N. Hawkins, Lisa J. Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Children
Authors: Jonathan C. Craig, Judy M. Simpson, Gabrielle J. Williams, Alison Lowe, Graham J. Reynolds, Steven J. McTaggart, Elisabeth M. Hodson, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Noel E. Cranswick, Grahame Smith, Les M. Irwig, Patrina H.Y. Caldwell, Sana Hamilton, Leslie P. Roy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Antibiotics are widely administered to children with the intention of preventing urinary tract infection, but adequately powered, placebo-controlled trials regarding efficacy are lacking. This study from four Australian centers examined whether low-dose, continuous oral antibiotic therapy prevents urinary tract infection in predisposed children.We randomly assigned children under the age of 18 years who had had one or more microbiologically proven urinary tract infections to receive either daily trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole suspension (as 2 mg of trimethoprim plus 10 mg of sulfamethoxazole per kilogram of body weight) or placebo for 12 months. The primary outcome was microbiologically confirmed symptomatic urinary tract infection. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed with the use of time-to-event data.From December 1998 to March 2007, a total of 576 children (of 780 planned) underwent randomization. The median age at entry was 14 months; 64% of the patients were girls, 42% had known vesicoureteral reflux (at least grade III in 53% of these patients), and 71% were enrolled after the first diagnosis of urinary tract infection. During the study, urinary tract infection developed in 36 of 288 patients (13%) in the group receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic group) and in 55 of 288 patients (19%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio in the antibiotic group, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 0.93; P = 0.02 by the log-rank test). In the antibiotic group, the reduction in the absolute risk of urinary tract infection (6 percentage points) appeared to be consistent across all subgroups of patients (P > or = 0.20 for all interactions).Long-term, low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was associated with a decreased number of urinary tract infections in predisposed children. The treatment effect appeared to be consistent but modest across subgroups. (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12608000470392.)
DERMATITIS VENENATA FROM HAIR DYE IN FALSE HAIR
Authors: M. B. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1928)

To the Editor:  —I recently treated a woman for dermatitis venenata which had such an unusual cause that I thought it worth reporting.  Mrs. F. S., aged 28, had an attack of acne varioliformis. She consulted her family physician, who advised her to shave her scalp. The condition improved under antiseptic ointment treatment which he prescribed. Later she consulted me for a dermatitis of the face and neck. When I first saw the patient, the hair on her scalp was about one-half inch long. A few papules of acne varioliformis were present. The dermatitis of the face and neck was evidently of external origin. After the most careful questioning as to the use of soaps, hair tonics and dyes I was unable to ascertain the cause of the condition, and it continued to reappear in spite of all treatment. I received the cooperation of the patient, who was an intelligent
Multidisc RAST: a reliable method for screening of specific IgE antibodies in serum?
Authors: M. Pletscher, R. Peitrequin, S. Perroud, P. C. Frei
Journal: Allergy (1988)

"Multidiscs" (md) are cellulose discs to which several allergens are coupled, allowing the simultaneous screening of several specific IgE antibodies. We compared RAST performed with md to RAST performed with the corresponding individual allergens coated on single discs (sd). One hundred and twenty-two RAST positive samples were analyzed for four different allergen groups: moulds, cereals, weed pollens and tree pollens. We found lower RAST sensitivity when screening with mds than with the individual sds in all allergen groups except cereals. In 30 to 70% of the samples, the results were concordant. In 25.5 to 66.7%, md values were lower and in 1.3 to 26.3% higher than sd values. When only qualitative results were considered, the loss of sensitivity appeared acceptable: only 6.7 to 16.7% of the sd positive samples were not detected by md screening. A cost-benefit analysis, calculated on local data, confirmed economic advantages.
CD5 positive immunoregulatory B cell subsets
Authors: Teresa Paglieroni, Vincent Caggiano, Malcolm Mackenzie
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) is a heterogeneous disease often expressed as a clonal expansion of CD5 + B cells. We report the characterization of CD5 + B cells from two unique B‐CLL patients. Cells from patient 1 coexpressed CD5 (leu‐1), CD19 (Leu‐12), CD20 (B1), and HLA‐DR; they were CD10 (J5), CD21 (B2), CD22 (Leu‐14), CD25 (IL2‐R1), PCA‐1, surface, and cytoplasmic lg negative. They suppressed normal peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) pokeweed mitogen (PWM) ‐stimulated Immunoglobulin (lg) synthesis &gt;80%. Cells from patient 2 were CD5 (Leu‐1), CD19 (Leu‐12), CD20 (B1), CD21 (B2), CD22 (Leu‐14), HLA‐DR, IgM, and kappa positive. They were negative for CD10 (J5), CD25 (IL2‐R1), and PCA‐1. These cells did not suppress normal PBL PWM‐stimulated lg synthesis but produced a monoclonal IgM kappa protein with rheumatoid factor‐like activity. These observations suggest that there are different CD5 + B cell subsets, one immunosuppressive and the other autoreactive.