tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Active immunization against de novo hepatitis B virus infection in pediatric patients after liver transplantation
Authors: Seong-Hwan Chang, Kyung-Suk Suh, Nam-Joon Yi, Seok Ho Choi, Hoan Jong Lee, Jeong Kee Seo, Kuhn Uk Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The shortage of donor organs occasionally mandates the use of hepatic allografts from anti-HBc (+) donors. HBIG and/or lamivudine are recommended for the prevention of de novo HBV infection in naive patients, but there are attendant problems, such as mutant strain emergence and high cost. Active immunization presents a better alternative than the use of HBIG or lamivudine, if it can be proven to be effective. Accordingly, we investigated the outcome of HBV vaccination in pediatric hepatic transplant recipients. Between July 1999 and October 2001, 19 pediatric recipients were administered HBV vaccinations after liver transplantation at Seoul National University Hospital. Nine patients received a graft from anti-HBc (+) donors and 10 from anti-HBc (-) donors. When steroid was withdrawn, recombinant HBV vaccine was administered. The median follow-up period after vaccination was 10.0 +/- 5.2 months. Seventeen of the 19 patients showed a positive response to vaccination. In 9 patients who received grafts from anti-HBc (+) donors, 2 patients showed no response, 4 patients low response (peak HBsAb titer <1,000 IU/L), and 3 patients high response (peak HBsAb titer >/=1,000 IU/L). De novo HBV infection developed in 1 of 2 patients who showed no response to vaccination. In 10 patients who received grafts from anti-HBc (-) donors, 5 showed a low response and 5 a high response. In conclusion, HBV vaccination in pediatric patients after liver transplantation appeared to exhibit some effectiveness at protecting young children that received a graft from anti-HBc (+) donors from de novo HBV infection.
Tricuspid regurgitation: Noninvasive techniques for determining causes and severity
Authors: Nicholas L. DePace, John Ross, Abdulmassih S. Iskandrian, Pasquale F. Nestico, Morris N. Kotler, Gary S. Mintz, Bernard L. Segal, A-hamid Hakki, Joel Morganroth
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
Cancer and coagulation
Authors: Alok A. Khorana
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Thromboembolism, including both venous and arterial events, occurs commonly amongst patients with cancer. The occurrence of thromboembolism has significant consequences for cancer patients, including direct and indirect associations with mortality, morbidity, requirement for long-term anticoagulant therapy and consumption of healthcare resources. Recent studies have resulted in a better understanding of clinical risk factors and biomarkers of cancer-associated thrombosis, and a risk assessment model incorporating both has now been validated in multiple settings. Thromboprophylaxis with either unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) has been shown to be safe and effective in high-risk settings such as hospitalization for medical illness and the postsurgical period. Emerging new data from randomized studies have focused on outpatient prophylaxis, suggesting potential benefits in this setting as well. Treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis requires long-term anticoagulation with LMWH. Results from ongoing and planned trials of novel anticoagulants in the cancer setting are awaited.
Adynamic Ileus Following Induced Hypertension
Authors: Simon Gelman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The observations presented in the letter by Chen et al 1 are very intriguing. It is possible that diminished intestinal blood flow during sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension caused the ileus; however, an alterative explanation is conceivable. It has been well documented that sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension is accompanied by an increase in catecholamine release. 2 Catecholamines, however, decrease intestinal motility by blocking the release of acetylcholine from intrinsic cholinergic neurons and by direct action on smooth muscles and, therefore, might cause adynamic ileus. 3,4 Any kind of sympathetic blockade during the postoperative period has been effective in the treatment of postoperative adynamic ileus. 4,5   Regardless of the mechanism involved, the clinical observations by Chen et al 1 are clinically relevant. It is conceivable that the combination of sodium nitroprusside with β-blockers, which is frequently used in clinical practice, might be accompanied by a lower incidence of adynamic ileus than
Number of acute hospitals in England must fall for NHS to survive, says outgoing chief
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The outgoing chief executive of the NHS has called for the number of acute hospitals to shrink in the future to allow knowledge and resources to be centralised and used more efficiently.

David Nicholson said that the health service in England needed to embark on a programme of “transformational change” to frontline care to achieve better outcomes for an ageing population with a growing number of long term conditions and to avoid a potential …
Second-Trimester Abortions-Reply
Authors: Willard Cates
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  Dr Iffy's continued concerns about the effects of induced abortion, particularly DE he also selectively references those American studies that he believes support his contentions. In the interest of space, we refer the reader to a recent review article 4 that synthesized all the available data on the effects of induced abortion on reproductive function. It comes to a conclusion different from Dr Iffy's.  His assessment of the influence of follow-up information on the rate of abortion complications is erroneous. Women who suffer complications after legally induced abortion are more (not less) likely than women without any complications to notify the facility performing
Recent Advances and Opportunities in Research on Lupus: Environmental Influences and Mechanisms of Disease
Authors: Glinda S. Cooper, Kathleen M. Gilbert, Eric L. Greidinger, Judith A. James, Jean C. Pfau, Leslie Reinlib, Bruce C. Richardson, Noel R. Rose
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

In this review we summarize research on mechanisms through which environmental agents may affect the pathogenesis of lupus, discuss three exposures that have been the focus of research in this area, and propose recommendations for new research initiatives.We examined studies pertaining to key mechanistic events and specific exposures. Apoptosis leading to increased production or decreased clearance of immunogenic intracellular self-antigens and defective apoptosis of autoreactive immune cells both have been implicated in the loss of self-tolerance. The adjuvant or bystander effect is also needed to produce a sustained autoimmune response. Activation of toll-like receptors is one mechanism through which these effects may occur. Abnormal DNA methylation may also contribute to the pathogenesis of lupus. Each of the specific exposures we examined--Epstein-Barr virus, silica, and trichloroethylene--has been shown, in humans or in mice, to act upon one or more of these pathogenic steps. Specific recommendations for the continued advancement of our understanding of environmental influences on lupus and other autoimmune diseases include the development and use of mouse models with varying degrees of penetrance and manifestations of disease, identification of molecular or physiologic targets of specific exposures, development and use of improved exposure assessment methodologies, and multisite collaborations designed to examine understudied environmental exposures in humans.The advances made in the past decade concerning our understanding of mechanisms involved in the development of lupus and the influence of environmental agents on this process provide a strong foundation for further developments in this field.
Myeloid dysplasia and bone marrow hypocellularity in adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immune deficiency
Authors: Robert Sokolic, Irina Maric, Chimene Kesserwan, Elizabeth Garabedian, I. Celine Hanson, Margaret Dodds, Rebecca Buckley, Andrew C. Issekutz, Naynesh Kamani, Kit Shaw, Ben Tan, Pawan Bali, Michael S. Hershfield, Donald B. Kohn, Alan S. Wayne, Fabio Candotti
Journal: Blood (2011)
Bullous pemphigoid antigen II (BP180) and its soluble extracellular domains are major autoantigens in mucous membrane pemphigoid: the pathogenic relevance to HLA class II alleles and disease severity
Authors: N. Oyama, J.F. Setterfield, A.M. Powell, Y. Sakuma-Oyama, S. Albert, B.S. Bhogal, R.W. Vaughan, F. Kaneko, S.J. Challacombe, M.M. Black
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), a chronic autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease, is associated with circulating IgG and/or IgA autoantibodies against several basement membrane zone antigens. The heterogeneity of clinical presentation and diversity of target autoantigens have contributed to difficulties in characterizing this condition immunologically. Objectives To analyse serum autoantibody profile and HLA class II alleles in MMP patients and to correlate this with the clinical presentation of disease. Methods Well‐defined subgroups consisting of 124 patients with MMP were examined for IgG and IgA reactivity with immunoblotting using human epidermal, dermal and placental amnion proteins. The results were further analysed on the basis of detailed clinical (sites of involvement and disease severity) and immunopathological criteria (immunofluorescence study and HLA class II alleles). Results Immunoblot assay revealed that the majority of MMP patients had IgG (93 of 124, 75%) and/or IgA autoantibodies (63 of 124, 51%) to BP180 (including its soluble ectodomains, 120‐kDa LAD‐1 and 97‐kDa LABD97 antigens). Other antigens targeted predominantly by IgG autoantibodies included: BP230 in 34 (27%), β4 integrin in 26 (21%), and laminin 5 in three (2%). All the BP230+ sera and 23 (88%) β4 integrin+ sera also reacted with at least one of the BP180 antigens. Over 85% of patients with reactivity to β4 integrin had ocular involvement. In most cases of MMP, more severe clinical features were associated with antibody reactivity to multiple basement membrane zone antigens, as well as reactivity to multiple BP180 component antigens. Dual BP180/LAD‐1 reactivity with IgG and IgA was associated with a more severe phenotype. In addition, the subset‐dependent autoantibody reactivity correlated well with specific HLA class II alleles, DQB1*0301, DRB1*04 and DRB1*11. Conclusions Our results confirmed that BP180 is a major autoantigen targeted by the sera of patients with MMP. The disease‐prevalent HLA class II alleles and humoral autoimmune response against the particular subsets of antigenic epitope(s) within BP180 ectodomain may contribute to the clinicopathological significance and disease severity of MMP.
Functional analysis of a novel antagonistic antibody against the short epitope of the α1A-adrenergic receptor
Authors: Fen Chen, Xiao Chen, Zhihua Qiu, Min Wang, Shijun Yang, Mustafa Khamis, Miao Yu, Xian Yu, Zuxia Liu, Lan Wang, Zihua Zhou, Yuhua Liao
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

The alpha1A-adrenergic receptor (α1A-AR) regulates various vascular functions and participates in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension. However, highly specific and subtype-selective antagonists of α1A-AR have not been developed. Two novel antibodies against the short peptides CP-7, which is located in the second extracellular loop of α1A-AR, and CPE-8, which is located in the third extracellular loop of α1A-AR, were prepared. The two antibodies specifically bound to α1A-AR. However, neither antibody prevented [3H]-epinephrine or [3H]-prazosin from binding to the receptor. In vitro, the anti-CP-7 antibody inhibited Ca2+-dependent signal transduction processes including protein kinase C translocation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation induced by phenylephrine (PHE). The anti-CP-7 antibody decreased the beating rates of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with or without PHE stimulation and reduced the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats that were immunized with CP-7-keyhole limpet haemocyanin. The anti-CP-7 antibody specifically inhibited the activation of α1A-AR both in vitro and in vivo. No competition binding was found between anti-CP-7 and [3H]-epinephrine or [3H]-prazosin. An antibody that specifically inhibits a receptor could be useful in research on G-protein-coupled receptors that lack specific antagonists. The antibody against the epitope CP-7 might have potential in a therapeutic application for treating primary hypertension.
Impact and Perceptions of Mandatory Tumor Biopsies for Correlative Studies in Clinical Trials of Novel Anticancer Agents
Authors: Mark Agulnik, Amit M. Oza, Gregory R. Pond, Lillian L. Siu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Purpose To assess the impact and perceptions of patients, physicians, and institutional review board members (IRBs) on the issue of mandatory serial tumor biopsies to acquire tissues for correlative studies. Patients and Methods Complementary, self-administered questionnaires were circulated to trial patients who had previously undergone serial research-related biopsies (TPs), clinic patients who had prior diagnostic but not research-related biopsies (CPs), academic medical oncologists in Canada (MOs), and IRBs at the affiliated academic centers. Results Ten (72%) of 14 TPs, 265 (82%) of 325 CPs, 137 (66%) of 209 MOs, and 142 (49%) of 291 IRBs responded. A 5% to 10% risk of a major biopsy complication was acceptable to 22% of CPs but only to 1% of MOs or IRBs. Anxiety was reported by 30% of TPs and 45% of CPs before their biopsies. More than 82% of MOs or IRBs believed the average patient would have at least borderline anxiety before their biopsy. Among the patients, 84% would authorize their samples for additional unrelated research and 75% would agree to genetic testing. Nearly all MOs and 86% of IRBs considered it ethical to request for additional unrelated research testing. With respect to genetic testing, 82% of MOs and 72% of IRBs would request it. Conclusion Although nearly all MOs and IRBs see the value in the biopsy, their threshold for acceptable risk is lower and they anticipate more associated anxiety than patients. Most patients recalled a tendency to tolerate their biopsies well with an average associated anxiety, and would allow their specimens to be tested for research purposes.
Adenosine: Potential modulator for vasovagal syncope
Authors: Win-Kuang Shen, Stephen C. Hammill, Thomas M. Munger, Marshall S. Stanton, Douglas L. Packer, Michael J. Osborn, Douglas L. Wood, Kent R. Bailey, Phillip A. Low, Bernard J. Gersh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Gentamicin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Howard Faden
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Gentamicin sulfate--resistant Staphylococcus aureus suddenly appeared in an intensive care nursery in December 1976 and became the dominant Staphylococcus; it accounted for 96% of the isolates by April 1977. All gentamicin-resistant strains were sensitive to amikacin sulfate, but 98% and 49% were resistant to kanamycin sulfate and tobramycin sulfate, respectively. All but one of the gentamicin-resistant strains were sensitive to methicillin sodium. The mechanism of gentamicin resistance appears to be plasmid mediated. Phage typing, used for epidemiologic purposes, also demonstrated that most gentamicin-resistant strains shared susceptibility to phages 29 and 52; however, 13% were completely different, indicating that gentamicin resistance is not solely related to a phage-susceptible factor.
A New Operation for Retrodisplacements.
Authors: F. F. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Columbus, Ohio, Dec. 15, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a recent issue ofThe Journalyou publish a brief abstract of a paper by Alexandroff describing "A new operation for retroflexion or retroversion." The operation is one which I have been doing for the past eight years, and which I have described or referred to during discussions in the Section on Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, first at the meeting at Philadelphia, again at Denver, and again at New Orleans. I have no doubt the work of Alexandroff is entirely independent of mine, at the same time I do not believe there can be any question as to the priority of the operation.
Terminal Urothelium Differentiation of Engineered Neoureter After In Vivo Maturation in the “Omental Bioreactor”
Authors: Hervé Baumert, Dhouha Mansouri, Gaëlle Fromont, Mehrak Hekmati, Pascal Simon, Walid Massoud, Vincent Molinié, Bernard Malavaud
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Galen on Anatomical Procedures; The Later Books
Authors: John H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The first 8 1/2 books of these Anatomical Procedures were translated into English from the Latin by Charles Singer in 1956. The remaining 6 1/2 books have just been translated from the Arabic by Dr. Lyons. We now possess a complete translation of this work which was the basis of anatomical and physiological knowledge of Western medicine for 1,500 years. It is written in a style which is fresh and realistic. The feeling that one is in the class with the great Galen is uncanny. To be sure we have modified much by our observations, but there is also much in Galen which is surprising. Unfortunately this text is not supplied with any illustrations which was quite a feature in the first volume. This is an excellent book for all those interested in medical history. It contains some fascinating surprises.
IMC-A12, a Human IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody to the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor
Authors: Eric K. Rowinsky, Hagop Youssoufian, James R. Tonra, Phillip Solomon, Douglas Burtrum, Dale L. Ludwig
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Targeted monoclonal antibody therapy is an important strategy in cancer therapeutics. Among the most promising characteristics of therapeutic targets are those that modulate the growth and survival of malignant neoplasms and their sensitivity to anticancer therapies. The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is overexpressed in many types of solid and hematopoietic malignancies, and has been implicated as a principal cause of heightened proliferative and survival signaling. IGF-IR has also been shown to confer resistance to cytotoxic, hormonal, and targeted therapies, suggesting that therapeutics targeting IGF-IR may be effective against a broad range of malignancies. IMC-A12 (ImClone Systems Incorporated), a fully human monoclonal IgG1 antibody that binds with high affinity to the IGF-IR, inhibits ligand-dependent receptor activation and downstream signaling. IMC-A12 also mediates robust internalization and degradation of the IGF-IR. In human tumor xenograft models, IGF-IR blockade by IMC-A12 results in rapid and profound growth inhibition of cancers of the breast, lung, colon, and pancreas, and many other neoplasms. Although promising single-agent activity has been observed, the most impressive effects of targeting the IGF-IR with IMC-A12 have been noted when this agent was combined with cytotoxic agents or other targeted therapeutics. The results with IMC-A12 to date suggest that it may be an effective therapeutic in a diverse array of oncologic indications.
Factors relating to circulating immune complexes in rheumatoid arthirits.
Authors: P J Roberts-Thomson, B L Hazleman, I G Barnett, I C MacLennan, A G Mowat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Evidence has been presented suggesting that circulating immune complexes occur in over half of the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. These IgG-containing complexes were small, eluting between IgG and IgM on gel filtration on Sepharose 6B and were not seen in the sera of healthy control subjects. These complexes were detected in the sera of both seronegative and seropositive patients and their quantity did not correlate with IgM rheumatoid factor titre. The quantity of complexed IgG was estimated from a ratio derived from the IgG profile obtained by gel filtration of the serum. This quantity correlated significantly with the degree of inhibition by the rheumatoid sera of cytolysis in vitro of IgG sensitized target cells by K cells from human peripheral blood. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the quantity of serum complexes and the chemotactic index of the circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes obtained from the same rheumatoid patient. It is suggested that ingestion of these complexes may be implicated in the reduction in chemotaxis observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There was no correlation between the quantity of the complexes in the sera and the clinica, haematological, and biochemical measurements.
Preoperative Screening: Value of Previous Tests
Authors: David S. Macpherson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To determine the frequency of tests done in the year before elective surgery that might substitute for preoperative screening tests and to determine the frequency of test results that change from a normal value to a value likely to alter perioperative management. Design: Retrospective cohort analysis of computerized laboratory data (complete blood count, sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time). Setting: Urban tertiary care Veterans Affairs Hospital. Patients: Consecutive sample of 1109 patients who had elective surgery in 1988. Measurements and Main Results: At admission, 7549 preoperative tests were done, 47% of which duplicated tests performed in the previous year. Of 3096 previous results that were normal as defined by hospital reference range and done closest to the time of but before admission (median interval, 2 months), 13 (0.4%; 95% CI, 0.2% to 0.7%), repeat values were outside a range considered acceptable for surgery. Most of the abnormalities were predictable from the patient's history, and most were not noted in the medical record. Of 461 previous tests that were abnormal, 78 (17%; CI, 13% to 20%) repeat values at admission were outside a range considered acceptable for surgery (P < 0.001, frequency of clinically important abnormalities of patients with normal previous results with those with abnormal previous results). Conclusions: Physicians evaluating patients preoperatively could safely substitute the previous test results analyzed in this study for preoperative screening tests if the previous tests are normal and no obvious indication for retesting is present.
TCT-196 Preliminary results from the DIRECT-II Study: a prospective, randomized, active-control, multi-center, non-inferiority study comparing the safety and efficacy of the Svelte drug-eluting coronary stent IDS to the Medtronic Vascular (Santa Rosa, CA) Resolute IntegrityTM DES
Authors: Stefan Verheye, Jozef Bartunek, jacques berland, Didier Carrié, Victor M. Legrand, Ton Slagboom, Pieter R. Stella, Robert J. Van Geuns, Mathias Vrolix
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)