tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ZOTAROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT ACHIEVES BOTH HOMOGENEOUS AND COMPLETE NEOINTIMAL COVERAGE
Authors: Fusako Sera, Masaki Awata, Tetsuya Watanabe, Masashi Fujita, Osamu Iida, Shin Okamoto, Nobuaki Tanaka, Takayuki Ishihara, Tomoharu Dohi, Tsuyoshi Mishima, Kiyonori Nanto, Yukika Mizukami, Shinsuke Nanto, Masaaki Uematsu, Seiki Nagata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Human Papillomavirus Testing for Primary Cervical Cancer Screening
Authors: Sarah Feldman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Alternative non-steroidal antiandrogen therapy for advanced prostate cancer that has relapsed after initial maximum androgen blockade
Authors: H. Suzuki, M. Fujisawa, T. Matsumoto, M. Takeda, T. Usui, T. Matsuda, S. Ozono, H. Kumon, T. Ichikawa, T. Miki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

5135 Background: Large meta-analyses have documented that maximum androgen blockade (MAB) for advanced prostate cancer confers survival benefits. Also, we and others reported the effectiveness of second-line hormonal therapy for prostate cancer that has relapsed after initial hormone therapy. However, there is little clinical evidence on the effectiveness of this latter treatment strategy. Therefore, in the present study, a multicenter trial in Japan, we performed analyses of clinical outcomes following alternation switching from one non-steroidal antiandrogen to another (i.e., bicalutamide (BCL) to flutamide (FLT) and FLT to BCL) for advanced prostate cancer relapsed after initial MAB therapy. Methods: The study included 232 patients with advanced prostate cancer, who had initially been treated with MAB that included surgical or medical castration combined with non-steroidal antiandrogens. First line regimens included either FLT 375 mg/day or bicalutamide BCL 80 mg/day. If a patient relapsed while on 1st line therapy, we discontinued the antiandrogen and evaluated the patient for antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome (AWS). We then administrated an alternative antiandrogen and evaluated its effect. Results: The incidence of AWS after the initial MAB was 15.5% (BCL) and 12.8% (FLT), respectively. The occurrence of a PSA decrease after antiandrogen withdrawal was one of the prognostic factors. Non-steroidal antiandrogens as alternative therapies for patients who relapsed from initial MAB were effective (PSA decrease >50%) in second-line MAB (FLT 34.2%, BCL 43.6%). A total of 142 of 232 patients (61.2%) showed a PSA decrease in response to an alternative antiandrogen and these responders showed significantly better survival than non- responders, suggesting that responsiveness to second-line therapy predicts increased survival. Conclusions: Following up on MAB with an alternative non-steroidal antiandrogen is effective against advanced prostate cancer that has relapsed after initial MAB. Having even a partial response to second-line MAB treatment was associated with improved survival. Our data support the notion that responders to second-line regimens are androgen-independent but still hormonally sensitive. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Hormone replacement therapy, body mass index and asthma in perimenopausal women: a cross sectional survey
Authors: F Gomez Real
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and obesity both appear to increase the risk of asthma. A study was undertaken to investigate the association of HRT with asthma and hay fever in a population of perimenopausal women, focusing on a possible interaction with body mass index (BMI). <b>Methods:</b> A postal questionnaire was sent to population based samples in Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden in 1999–2001, and 8588 women aged 25–54 years responded (77%). Pregnant women, women using oral contraceptives, and women &lt;46 years were excluded. Analyses included 2206 women aged 46–54 years of which 884 were menopausal and 540 used HRT. Stratified analyses by BMI in tertiles were performed. <b>Results:</b> HRT was associated with an increased risk for asthma (OR 1.57 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.30)), wheeze (OR 1.60 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.10)), and hay fever (OR 1.48 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.90)). The associations with asthma and wheeze were significantly stronger among women with BMI in the lower tertile (asthma OR 2.41 (95% CI 1.21 to 4.77); wheeze OR 2.04 (95% CI 1.23 to 3.36)) than in heavier women (asthma: p<sub>interaction</sub> = 0.030; wheeze: p<sub>interaction</sub> = 0.042). Increasing BMI was associated with more asthma (OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.12) per kg/m<sup>2</sup>). This effect was only found in women not taking HRT (OR 1.10 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.14) per kg/m<sup>2</sup>); no such association was detected in HRT users (OR 1.00 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.08) per kg/m<sup>2</sup>) (p<sub>interaction</sub> = 0.046). Menopause was not significantly associated with asthma, wheeze, or hay fever. <b>Conclusions:</b> In perimenopausal women there is an interaction between HRT and BMI in the effects on asthma. Lean women who were HRT users had as high a risk for asthma as overweight women not taking HRT. It is suggested that HRT and overweight increase the risk of asthma through partly common pathways.
A General Comparison of Relaxed Molecular Clock Models
Authors: T. Lepage, D. Bryant, H. Philippe, N. Lartillot
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Several models have been proposed to relax the molecular clock in order to estimate divergence times. However, it is unclear which model has the best fit to real data and should therefore be used to perform molecular dating. In particular, we do not know whether rate autocorrelation should be considered or which prior on divergence times should be used. In this work, we propose a general bench mark of alternative relaxed clock models. We have reimplemented most of the already existing models, including the popular lognormal model, as well as various prior choices for divergence times (birth–death, Dirichlet, uniform), in a common Bayesian statistical framework. We also propose a new autocorrelated model, called the "CIR" process, with well-defined stationary properties. We assess the relative fitness of these models and priors, when applied to 3 different protein data sets from eukaryotes, vertebrates, and mammals, by computing Bayes factors using a numerical method called thermodynamic integration. We find that the 2 autocorrelated models, CIR and lognormal, have a similar fit and clearly outperform uncorrelated models on all 3 data sets. In contrast, the optimal choice for the divergence time prior is more dependent on the data investigated. Altogether, our results provide useful guidelines for model choice in the field of molecular dating while opening the way to more extensive model comparisons.
IT-12 * WT1 PEPTIDE VACCINATION AGAINST GLIOMAS; COMBINATION WITH TEMOZOLOMIDE, BIOMARKERS AND IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE
Authors: N. Hashimoto, Y. Chiba, N. Kijima, H. Arita, M. Kinoshita, N. Kagawa, A. Tsuboi, Y. Oka, Y. Oji, H. Sugiyama, T. Yoshimine
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

We report the long-term outcome on phase I study of combined WT1 peptide vaccination/temozolomide against newly diagnosed glioblastomas. Immunological biomarker and response were investigated in trials targeting newly diagnosed and recurrent cases. The survival analysis was performed on 7 patients in the phase I study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from 7 patients as well as 30 patients who had WT1 vaccination alone against the recurrent glioblastomas. FACS analyses were conduced on total of 37 samples; WT1-specific T cells were indentified using tetramer assay and sub-classified with CCR7 and CD45RA expression. The results were compared between responder and non-responder group. Median PFS of the 7 patients were 43.5 months and 5 patients showed OS longer than 3 years. In responder group, the frequencies of CD4 + central memory (p < 0.01), CD8 + effector memory (EM) (p < 0.01) and WT1-specific EM (p < 0.05) were higher statistically significantly before the vaccination, and those of CD4 + effector (E) (p < 0.01), CD8 + E (p < 0.05) and WT1-specific E (p < 0.01) were lower. The frequencies of WT1-specific T cell (p < 0.001) and WT1-specific EM (p < 0.001) significantly increased after vaccination. Biomarkers were identified, as well as possible immunological response that might present a proof of concept.
Progressive supranuclear ophthalmoplegia. Association with cricopharyngeal dysfunction and recurrent pneumonia
Authors: M. A. Schleider
Journal: JAMA (1977)

PROGRESSIVE supranuclear ophthalmoplegia (PSO) was found to be the underlying cause of cricopharyngeal dysfunction and secondarily of recurrent pneumonia in an elderly patient. The purpose of this report is to call attention to a treatable cause of recurring pneumonia in the elderly.  Report of a Case  A 75-year-old man was admitted to the New York Hospital in January 1974 for treatment of acute pneumonia. During the two preceding years, he experienced dysphagia and a 23-kg weight loss and required two hospital admissions because of recurrent episodes of bronchitis and pneumonia. During one of these admissions, the diagnosis of PSO was suggested strongly by the presence of supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, dysarthria, dysphagia, dystonic rigidity, bradykinesia, and a mildly ataxic gait.  His past medical history included peptic ulcer disease (treated with a partial gastrectomy and an end-to-side gastrojejunostomy), Laennec cirrhosis, and nonmetastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. A history suggesting Raynaud phenomenon was later elicited, but
Genetic Deletion of Chemokine Receptor Ccr6 Decreases Atherogenesis in <b> <i>ApoE</i> </b> -Deficient Mice
Authors: Wuzhou Wan, Jean K. Lim, Michail S. Lionakis, Aymeric Rivollier, David H. McDermott, Brian L. Kelsall, Joshua M. Farber, Philip M. Murphy
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Rationale: The chemokine receptor Ccr6 is a G-protein–coupled receptor expressed on various types of leukocytes identified in mouse atherosclerotic lesions. Recent evidence suggests that both CCR6 and its ligand CCL20 are also present in human atheroma; however, their functional roles in atherogenesis remain undefined. Objective: Our objective was to delineate the role of Ccr6 in atherogenesis in the apolipoprotein E–deficient ( ApoE −/− ) mouse model of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: Both Ccr6 and Ccl20 are expressed in atherosclerotic aorta from ApoE −/− mice. Aortic lesion area in Ccr6 −/− ApoE −/− mice was ∼40% and ∼30% smaller than in Ccr6 +/+ ApoE −/− mice at 16 and 24 weeks of age, respectively. Transplantation of bone marrow from Ccr6 −/− mice into ApoE −/− mice resulted in ∼40% less atherosclerotic lesion area than for bone marrow from Ccr6 +/+ mice; lesions in Ccr6 −/− ApoE −/− mice had 44% less macrophage content than lesions in Ccr6 +/+ ApoE −/− mice. Ccr6 was expressed on a subset of primary mouse monocytes. Accordingly, Ccl20 induced chemotaxis of primary monocytes from wild-type but not Ccr6 −/− mice; moreover, Ccl20 induced monocytosis in ApoE −/− mice in vivo. Consistent with this, we observed 30% fewer monocytes in circulating blood of Ccr6 −/− ApoE −/− mice, mainly because of fewer CD11b + Ly6C high inflammatory monocytes. Conclusions: Ccr6 promotes atherosclerosis in ApoE- deficient mice, which may be due in part to Ccr6 support of normal monocyte levels in blood, as well as direct Ccr6-dependent monocyte migration.
The Relationship Between Cocaine Craving, Psychosocial Treatment, and Subsequent Cocaine Use
Authors: Roger D. Weiss, Margaret L. Griffin, Carissa Mazurick, Benjamin Berkman, David R. Gastfriend, Arlene Frank, Jacques P. Barber, Jack Blaine, Ihsan Salloum, Karla Moras
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Regular measurement of craving during treatment for cocaine dependence can monitor patients' clinical status and potentially assess their risk for drug use in the near future. Effective treatment can reduce the correlation between craving and subsequent drug use by helping patients abstain despite high craving. This study examined the relationship between cocaine craving, psychosocial treatment, and cocaine use in the ensuing week.In the National Institute on Drug Abuse Collaborative Cocaine Treatment Study, which compared four psychosocial treatments for cocaine dependence, a three-item craving questionnaire was administered weekly to 449 patients to see whether it predicted cocaine use in the ensuing week. Cocaine use was assessed with self-reports and urine screening.With control for the previous week's cocaine use, a higher composite score on the craving questionnaire was associated with greater likelihood of cocaine use in the subsequent week; each 1-point increase on the composite score of the craving questionnaire increased the likelihood of cocaine use in the ensuing week by 10%. However, among patients who received individual plus group drug counseling, the treatment condition with the best overall cocaine use outcome, increased craving scores were not associated with greater likelihood of cocaine use in the subsequent week.A three-item cocaine craving questionnaire predicted the relative likelihood of cocaine use during the subsequent week. Moreover, the relationship between craving and subsequent cocaine use varied by treatment condition, suggesting that the most effective treatment in the study might have weakened the link between craving and subsequent use.
Frequency and Clinical Implications of Development of Donor-Specific and Non–Donor-Specific HLA Antibodies after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Maryvonne Hourmant, Anne Cesbron-Gautier, Paul I. Terasaki, Kazuo Mizutani, Anne Moreau, Aure[Combining Acute Accent]lie Meurette, Jacques Dantal, Magali Giral, Gilles Blancho, Diego Cantarovich, Georges Karam, Gilles Follea, Jean-Paul Soulillou, Jean-Denis Bignon
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

The involvement of immunologic and nonimmunologic events in long-term kidney allograft failure is difficult to assess. The development of HLA antibodies after transplantation is the witness of ongoing reactivity against the transplant, and several studies have suggested that the presence of HLA antibodies correlates with poor graft survival. However, they have not discriminated between donor-specific (DS) and non-specific (NDS) antibodies. A total of 1229 recipients of a kidney graft, transplanted between 1972 and 2002, who had over a 5-yr period a prospective annual screening for HLA antibodies with a combination of ELISA, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, and flow cytometry tests were investigated; in 543 of them, the screening was complete from transplantation to the fifth year postgrafting. Correlations were established between the presence and the specificity of the antibodies and clinical parameters. A total of 5.5% of the patients had DS, 11.3% had NDS, and 83% had no HLA antibodies after transplantation. NDS antibodies appeared earlier (1 to 5 yr posttransplantation) than DS antibodies (5 to 10 yr). In multivariate analysis, HLA-DR matching, pretransplantation immunization, and acute rejection were significantly associated with the development of both DS and NDS antibodies and also of DS versus NDS antibodies. The presence of either DS or NDS antibodies significantly correlated with lower graft survival, poor transplant function, and proteinuria. Screening of HLA antibodies posttransplantation could be a good tool for the follow-up of patients who receive a kidney transplant and allow immunosuppression to be tailored.
General ophthalmic services--a practical alternative.
Authors: J Williamson, W Doig
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Effect of two-week course of pivmecillinam or mecillinam in a group of 18 convalescent faecal excreters of non-typhoid salmonellas No of Daily No of patients Drug dosage courses becoming nonexcreters Pivmecillinam 400 mg x 3 6 0 Mecillinam 185 mg x 3 4 1 Mecillinam 370 mg x 3 6 2 Mecillinam
Ribavirin with interferon for hepatitis C in dialysis patients: efficacious and safe in the right patients in good hands
Authors: David Mutimer
Journal: Gut (2014)

Hepatitis C virus infection, with both hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations, is an important issue for patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) and for those who receive kidney transplants (KT). Registry studies show a clear adverse impact of HCV-positivity on RRT patient survival and on KT graft and patient survival.1 In pretransplant and post-transplant settings, HCV-positivity (vs uninfected patients) is clearly associated with a relatively increased liver-related mortality and morbidity. However, reflecting the frequent comorbid cardiovascular disease that is observed in these settings, the absolute risk for cardiovascular mortality is much greater than risk of HCV-related mortality in patients with RRT and KT. Remarkably, the risk for cardiovascular disease appears increased in HCV-positive versus HCV-negative patients.

There are obvious merits in HCV clearance for selected patients on RRT. Successful treatment should prevent or substantially reduce the risk for liver-related problems including hepatic decompensation and primary liver cancer. These problems are also avoided by patients with KT who undergo successful treatment before transplantation. Also, HCV-related renal diseases that may affect the transplanted kidney could be prevented by successful antiviral treatment before transplantation. It has not been shown, though it is possible, that HCV clearance might ameliorate the adverse impact of infection on cardiovascular complications before and after transplantation.

There have been major recent and ongoing advances in the antiviral treatment of hepatitis C infection. However, these advances have been mainly translated to the benefit of non-transplant patients with normal or adequate renal function. For more than a decade, pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) and ribavirin combination of drugs was the treatment for all genotypes of HCV infection. Unfortunately, this antiviral treatment has proven toxic and difficult to deliver in the RRT setting. Peg-IFN needs to be given at a reduced …
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Radiosensitize Human Melanoma Cells by Suppressing DNA Repair Activity
Authors: Anupama Munshi, John F. Kurland, Takashi Nishikawa, Toshimitsu Tanaka, Marvette L. Hobbs, Susan L. Tucker, Sheikh Ismail, Craig Stevens, Raymond E. Meyn
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have emerged recently as promising anticancer agents. They arrest cells in the cell cycle and induce differentiation and cell death. The antitumor activity of HDAC inhibitors has been linked to their ability to induce gene expression through acetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins. However, it has recently been suggested that HDAC inhibitors may also enhance the activity of other cancer therapeutics, including radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of HDAC inhibitors to radiosensitize human melanoma cells in vitro. Experimental Design: A panel of HDAC inhibitors that included sodium butyrate (NaB), phenylbutyrate, tributyrin, and trichostatin A were tested for their ability to radiosensitize two human melanoma cell lines (A375 and MeWo) using clonogenic cell survival assays. Apoptosis and DNA repair were measured by standard assays. Results: NaB induced hyperacetylation of histone H4 in the two melanoma cell lines and the normal human fibroblasts. NaB radiosensitized both the A375 and MeWo melanoma cell lines, substantially reducing the surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2), whereas it had no effect on the normal human fibroblasts. The other HDAC inhibitors, phenylbutyrate, tributyrin, and trichostatin A had significant radiosensitizing effects on both melanoma cell lines tested. NaB modestly enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis that did not correlate with survival but did correlate with functional impairment of DNA repair as determined based on the host cell reactivation assay. Moreover, NaB significantly reduced the expression of the repair-related genes Ku70 and Ku86 and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit in melanoma cells at the protein and mRNA levels. Normal human fibroblasts showed no change in DNA repair capacity or levels of DNA repair proteins following NaB treatment. We also examined γ-H2AX phosphorylation as a marker of radiation response to NaB and observed that compared with controls, γ-H2AX foci persisted long after ionizing exposure in the NaB-treated cells. Conclusions: HDAC inhibitors radiosensitize human tumor cells by affecting their ability to repair the DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation and that γ-H2AX phosphorylation can be used as a predictive marker of radioresponse.
APPENDIX CONCRETIONS OPAQUE TO X RAYS
Authors: C. Alex. Wells
Journal: BMJ (1930)

I MEDICAL JOURNILIt is evidenlt fironi thie above table that sufficienit time has inot elapsed, aiid that the nuimber of cases is inlsufficielt to julstify any con-clusioins whetlher this mnethod of irradiat- ingcr the glanids will increase the five-year survival rate, but the iimmediate results are satisfactory enoug;h to encourage the author to persevere with this metho_d.