tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Childhood Vaccination on Racial Disparities in Invasive &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Streptococcus pneumoniae&lt;/EMPH&gt; Infections
Authors: Brendan Flannery
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Historically, incidence of pneumococcal disease in the United States has been higher among blacks than among whites. Following recommendation of a new 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children in October 2000, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease has declined dramatically, but the impact of vaccination on racial disparities in incidence of pneumococcal disease is unknown.To assess the effect of conjugate vaccine introduction on rates of pneumococcal disease among whites and blacks in the United States.Analysis of data from the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs)/Emerging Infections Program Network, an active, population-based surveillance system in 7 states. Patients were 15,923 persons with invasive pneumococcal disease occurring between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2002.Age- and race-specific pneumococcal disease incidence rates (cases per 100 000 persons), rate ratios, and rate differences.Between 1998 and 2002, annual incidence rates for invasive pneumococcal disease decreased from 19.0 to 12.1 cases per 100 000 among whites and from 54.9 to 26.5 among blacks. Due to these declines, 14,730 fewer cases occurred among whites and 8780 fewer cases occurred among blacks in the United States in 2002, compared with 2 prevaccine years, 1998 and 1999. Before vaccine introduction, incidence among blacks was 2.9 times higher than among whites (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-3.0); in 2002, the black-white rate ratio had been reduced to 2.2 (95% CI, 2.0-2.4). Incidence among black children younger than 2 years went from being 3.3 times higher (95% CI, 3.0-3.7) than among white children in the prevaccine period to 1.6 times higher (95% CI, 1.1-2.2) in 2002. By 2002, 74% of white children and 68% of black children aged 19 to 35 months in the 7 states had received at least 1 dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; 43% of white and 39% of black children received 3 or more doses.Although blacks remain at higher risk of invasive pneumococcal disease, introduction of childhood pneumococcal vaccination has reduced the racial disparity in incidence of pneumococcal disease.
Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: B. Daniel Campos, Jean F. Botha
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2009)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma represent more than 95% of primary hepatic malignancies in adults. The incidence of both seems to be rising. Any form of cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis represent independent risk factors for the development of HCC and cholangiocarcinoma, respectively. The surgical treatment of these malignancies has evolved significantly in the past decade, and liver transplantation (LT) has revolutionized the prognosis of these conditions. Provided both malignancies are diagnosed early in their natural history, LT offers a greater than 75% chance of survival at 4 years. This is a remarkable improvement in the treatment of primary hepatic malignancies and compares favorably with any other form of treatment, including partial liver resection. The application of specific pretransplantation staging criteria, along with the addition of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy for cholangiocarcinoma, has made these results possible. The development of living donor LT further expands the treatment horizon for both diseases. It also lessens the impact of the scarcity of available deceased donor organs available for transplantation. The future challenge is to better characterize biologic staging/prognostic indicators that could expand the understanding and success in treating both malignancies.
Effects of Aspirin Dose When Used Alone or in Combination With Clopidogrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Ron J.G. Peters, Shamir R. Mehta, Keith A.A. Fox, Feng Zhao, Basil S. Lewis, Steven L. Kopecky, Rafael Diaz, Patrick J. Commerford, Vicent Valentin, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— We studied the benefits and risks of adding clopidogrel to different doses of aspirin in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods and Results— In the Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent Events (CURE) trial, 12 562 patients with ACS using aspirin, 75 to 325 mg daily, were randomized to clopidogrel or placebo for up to 1 year. In this analysis, patients were divided into the following 3 aspirin dose groups: ≤100 mg, 101 through 199 mg, and ≥200 mg. The combined incidence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke was reduced by clopidogrel regardless of aspirin dose, as follows: ≤100 mg, 10.5% versus 8.6% (relative risk [RR], 0.81 [95% CI, 0.68 to 0.97]); 101 to 199 mg, 9.8% versus 9.5% (RR, 0.97 [95% CI 0.77 to 1.22]); and ≥200 mg, 13.6% versus 9.8% (RR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.59 to 0.85]). The incidence of major bleeding increased with increasing aspirin dose both in the placebo group (1.9%, 2.8%, and 3.7%, respectively; P =0.0001) and the clopidogrel group (3.0%, 3.4%, and 4.9%, respectively; P =0.0009); thus, the excess risk with clopidogrel was 1.1%, 1.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio for major bleeding for the highest versus the lowest dose of aspirin was 1.9 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.72) in the placebo group, 1.6 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.23) in the clopidogrel group, and 1.7 (95% CI 1.36 to 2.20) in the combined group. Conclusions— In patients with ACS, adding clopidogrel to aspirin is beneficial regardless of aspirin dose. Bleeding risks increase with increasing aspirin dose, with or without clopidogrel, without any increase in efficacy. Our findings suggest that the optimal daily dose of aspirin may be between 75 and 100 mg, with or without clopidogrel.
Telomere length in peripheral blood granulocytes reflects response to treatment with imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tim H. Brümmendorf, Inci Ersöz, Ulrike Hartmann, Kerol Bartolovic, Stefan Balabanov, Alexandra Wahl, Peter Paschka, Sebastian Kreil, Tanja Lahaye, Ute Berger, Harald Gschaidmeier, Carsten Bokemeyer, Rüdiger Hehlmann, Klaus Dietz, Peter M. Lansdorp, Lothar Kanz, Andreas Hochhaus
Journal: Blood (2002)
Prognostic Significance of Tumor-Associated Lymphangiogenesis in Malignant Melanomas of the Conjunctiva
Authors: Ludwig M. Heindl, Carmen Hofmann-Rummelt, Werner Adler, Jacobus J. Bosch, Leonard M. Holbach, Gottfried O.H. Naumann, Friedrich E. Kruse, Claus Cursiefen
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Development of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Satoru Kodama, Kazumi Saito, Yoko Yachi, Mihoko Asumi, Ayumi Sugawara, Kumiko Totsuka, Aki Saito, Hirohito Sone
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

To systematically evaluate the association between serum uric acid (SUA) level and subsequent development of type 2 diabetes.We searched Medline (31 March from 1966 to 2009) and Embase (31 March from 1980 to 2009) for observational cohort studies examining the association between SUA and the risk of type 2 diabetes by manual literature search. Relative risks (RRs) for each 1 mg/dl increase in SUA were pooled by using a random-effects model. The studies included were stratified into subgroups representing different study characteristics, and meta-regression analyses were performed to investigate the effect of these characteristics on the association between SUA level and type 2 diabetes risk.The search yielded 11 cohort studies (42,834 participants) that reported 3,305 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during follow-up periods ranging from 2.0 to 13.5 years. The pooled RR of a 1 mg/dl increase in SUA was 1.17 (95% CI 1.09-1.25). Study results were consistently significant (i.e., >1) across characteristics of participants and study design. Publication bias was both visually and statistically suggested (P = 0.03 for Egger's test, 0.06). Adjustment for publication bias attenuated the pooled RR per mg/dl increase in SUA (RR 1.11 [95% CI 1.03-1.20]), but the association remained statistically significant (P = 0.009).The current meta-analysis suggests that SUA level is positively associated with the development of type 2 diabetes regardless of various study characteristics. Further research should attempt to determine whether it is effective to utilize SUA level as a predictor of type 2 diabetes for its primary prevention.
Allergic contact sensitivity to gold with unusual features
Authors: HOOSSIK PETROS, A. L. MACMILLAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

A case of allergic contact sensitivity to gold is reported. In addition to the usual eczematous manifestations of allergic contact dermatitis, the patient developed a striking bilateral papular (dermal) reaction to gold ear-rings. We suggest that both types of lesion are manifestations of allergic contact sensitivity to gold.
Surgical Treatment of Spinal Stenosis with and without Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: Cost-Effectiveness after 2 Years
Authors: Anna N.A. Tosteson, Jon D. Lurie, Tor D. Tosteson, Jonathan S. Skinner, Harry Herkowitz, Todd Albert, Scott D. Boden, Keith Bridwell, Michael Longley, Gunnar B. Andersson, Emily A. Blood, Margaret R. Grove, James Neil Weinstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: The SPORT (Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial) reported favorable surgery outcomes over 2 years among patients with stenosis with and without degenerative spondylolisthesis, but the economic value of these surgeries is uncertain. Objective: To assess the short-term cost-effectiveness of spine surgery relative to nonoperative care for stenosis alone and for stenosis with spondylolisthesis. Design: Prospective cohort study. Data Sources: Resource utilization, productivity, and EuroQol EQ-5D score measured at 6 weeks and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment among SPORT participants. Target Population: Patients with image-confirmed spinal stenosis, with and without degenerative spondylolisthesis. Time Horizon: 2 years. Perspective: Societal. Intervention: Nonoperative care or surgery (primarily decompressive laminectomy for stenosis and decompressive laminectomy with fusion for stenosis associated with degenerative spondylolisthesis). Outcome Measures: Cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Among 634 patients with stenosis, 394 (62%) had surgery, most often decompressive laminectomy (320 of 394 [81%]). Stenosis surgeries improved health to a greater extent than nonoperative care (QALY gain, 0.17 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.22]) at a cost of $77 600 (CI, $49 600 to $120 000) per QALY gained. Among 601 patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis, 368 (61%) had surgery, most including fusion (344 of 368 [93%]) and most with instrumentation (269 of 344 [78%]). Degenerative spondylolisthesis surgeries significantly improved health versus nonoperative care (QALY gain, 0.23 [CI, 0.19 to 0.27]), at a cost of $115 600 (CI, $90 800 to $144 900) per QALY gained. Result of Sensitivity Analysis: Surgery cost markedly affected the value of surgery. Limitation: The study used self-reported utilization data, 2-year time horizon, and as-treated analysis to address treatment nonadherence among randomly assigned participants. Conclusion: The economic value of spinal stenosis surgery at 2 years compares favorably with many health interventions. Degenerative spondylolisthesis surgery is not highly cost-effective over 2 years but could show value over a longer time horizon.
Fractalkine expression and the recruitment of CX3CR1+ cells in the prolonged mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis
Authors: Yumi Ito, Hiroshi Kawachi, Yoshio Morioka, Takeshi Nakatsue, Hiroko Koike, Yohei Ikezumi, Akihisa Oyanagi, Yasuhiro Natori, Yumiko Natori, Takamichi Nakamura, Fumitake Gejyo, Fujio Shimizu
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Myocardial Lactate Metabolism in Fetal and Newborn Lambs
Authors: Beatrijs Bartelds, Hennie Knoester, Gertie C. M. Beaufort-Krol, Gioia B. Smid, Janny Takens, Willem G. Zijlstra, Hugo S. A. Heymans, Jaap R. G. Kuipers
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Around birth, myocardial substrate supply changes from carbohydrates before birth to primarily fatty acids after birth. Parallel to these changes, the myocardium is expected to switch from the use of primarily lactate before birth to fatty acids thereafter. However, myocardial lactate uptake and oxidation around birth has not been measured in vivo. Methods and Results —We measured myocardial lactate uptake, oxidation, and release with infusion of [1- 13 C]lactate and myocardial flux of fatty acids and glucose in chronically instrumented fetal and newborn (1 to 15 days) lambs. Myocardial lactate oxidation was the same in newborn (81.7±14.7 μmol · min −1 · 100 g −1 , n=11) as in fetal lambs (60.7±26.7 μmol · min −1 · 100 g −1 , n=7). Lactate uptake was also the same in newborn as in fetal lambs. Lactate uptake was higher than lactate flux, indicating lactate release simultaneously with uptake. In the newborn lambs, lactate uptake declined with age. Lactate uptake was strongly related to lactate supply, whereas lactate oxidation was not. The supply of fatty acids or glucose did not interfere with lactate uptake, but the flux of fatty acids was inversely related to lactate oxidation. Conclusions —We show that lactate is an important energy source for the myocardium before birth as well as in the first 2 weeks after birth in lambs. We also show that there is release of lactate by the myocardium simultaneously with uptake of lactate. Furthermore, we show that lactate oxidation may be attenuated by fatty acids but not by glucose, probably at the level of pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial
Authors: Alan Garber, Robert Henry, Robert Ratner, Pedro A Garcia-Hernandez, Hiromi Rodriguez-Pattzi, Israel Olvera-Alvarez, Paula M Hale, Milan Zdravkovic, Bruce Bode
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis
Authors: Stephen S Morse, Jonna AK Mazet, Mark Woolhouse, Colin R Parrish, Dennis Carroll, William B Karesh, Carlos Zambrana-Torrelio, W Ian Lipkin, Peter Daszak
Journal: The Lancet (2012)

Most pandemics--eg, HIV/AIDS, severe acute respiratory syndrome, pandemic influenza--originate in animals, are caused by viruses, and are driven to emerge by ecological, behavioural, or socioeconomic changes. Despite their substantial effects on global public health and growing understanding of the process by which they emerge, no pandemic has been predicted before infecting human beings. We review what is known about the pathogens that emerge, the hosts that they originate in, and the factors that drive their emergence. We discuss challenges to their control and new efforts to predict pandemics, target surveillance to the most crucial interfaces, and identify prevention strategies. New mathematical modelling, diagnostic, communications, and informatics technologies can identify and report hitherto unknown microbes in other species, and thus new risk assessment approaches are needed to identify microbes most likely to cause human disease. We lay out a series of research and surveillance opportunities and goals that could help to overcome these challenges and move the global pandemic strategy from response to pre-emption.
Epinephrine unmasks latent mutation carriers with LQT1 form of congenital long-QT syndrome
Authors: Wataru Shimizu, Takashi Noda, Hiroshi Takaki, Takashi Kurita, Noritoshi Nagaya, Kazuhiro Satomi, Kazuhiro Suyama, Naohiko Aihara, Shiro Kamakura, Kenji Sunagawa, Shigeyuki Echigo, Kazufumi Nakamura, Tohru Ohe, Jeffrey A Towbin, Carlo Napolitano, Silvia G Priori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Vaccination of Renal Cell Cancer Patients with Modified Vaccinia Ankara Delivering Tumor Antigen 5T4 (TroVax) Administered with Interleukin 2: A Phase II Trial
Authors: Robert J. Amato, William Shingler, Stuart Naylor, Jaroslaw Jac, James Willis, Somyata Saxena, Joan Hernandez-McClain, Richard Harrop
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: The attenuated vaccinia virus modified vaccinia ankara (MVA) has been engineered to deliver the tumor antigen 5T4 (TroVax). TroVax has been evaluated in an open-label phase II trial in metastatic renal cell cancer patients in which the vaccine was administered in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2). The safety, immunologic, and clinical efficacy of TroVax in combination with IL-2 was determined. Experimental Design: Twenty-five patients with metastatic renal cell cancer were treated with TroVax plus IL-2. 5T4-specific cellular and humoral responses were monitored throughout the study. Clinical responses were assessed by measuring changes in tumor burden by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan. Results: TroVax was well tolerated with no serious adverse event attributed to vaccination. Of 25 intention-to-treat patients, 21 mounted 5T4-specific antibody responses. Two patients showed a complete response for &amp;gt;24 months and one a partial response for &amp;gt;12 months. Six patients had disease stabilization from 6 to &amp;gt;21 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were &amp;gt;3.37 months (range, 1.50-&amp;gt;24.76) and &amp;gt;12.87 months (range, 1.90-&amp;gt;24.76), respectively. A statistically significant relationship was detected between the magnitude of 5T4-specific antibody responses and PFS and OS. Conclusion: TroVax in combination with IL-2 was safe and well tolerated in all patients. The high frequency of 5T4-specific immune responses and good clinical response rate are encouraging and warrant further investigation.
Antigen‐Induced Bronchial Anaphylaxis in Actively Sensitized Guinea‐Pigs Pattern of Response in Relation to Immunization Regimen
Authors: Per Andersson
Journal: Allergy (1980)

This work studies the temporal development of the acute anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs sensitized to ovalbumin by different regimens, including IgE-antibody promoting ones. The results show that guinea-pigs sensitized with low amounts (1-10 micrograms) of ovalbumin together with alum produce the most pronounced bronchospasm when challenged with an intravenous injection of a low dose of antigen. Examination of the antibody classes by PCA technique shows that guinea-pigs sensitized with small amounts of antigen together with alum produced IgE and IgG1 antibodies. However, in sera from animals immunized with large amounts of antigen, only IgG1 antibodies could be detected.
Frequency of osteoporosis and pulmonary diffusing capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Ekaterina Kochetova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Objective:  to study pulmonary diffusing capacity (DL CO ) and frequency of osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).   Material and Methods:  125 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were observed. The investigated group was made by the men having the long experience of smoking. Smoker index was 240. The average age was 61.4 ± 6.4 years. The patients received basic therapy system glucocorticoids have been excluded from the research. Research of function of external breath was studied with multimodular installation of type «Master-Lab/Jaeger». Pulmonary diffusing capacity (DL CO ) was studied. Research of bone mineral density (BMD) of a bone fabric was studied with the method x-ray absorbtiometry with the densitometer « Lunar DPX-NT».   Results:  Indicators of pulmonary diffusing capacity (DL CO)  in patients with COPD were highest at the 2 stage of COPD and were 70,6 ± 20,3. The level of DL CO  in patients with 3 stage COPD was 53,9 ± 17,6 (p  CO  were detected in patients with COPD 4 stage 35,9 ± 15,4 (p  CO /VA in patients 2 stage COPD was 78,1±24,9, DL CO /VA in patients with 3 stage COPD was 62,4 ± 17,01, DL CO /VA in patients with 4 stage COPD was 52,8± 29,4. Frequency of osteoporosis of femoral neck according densitometry in patients with DL CO   CO  40-60% was 19.35%. The correlation coefficient between DL CO  / VA and BMD of hip was 0,59 (p   Conclusions : increased frequency of osteoporosis in patients with COPD is associated with decrease of pulmonary diffusing capacity.
A Labor of Love
Authors: Sarab Sodhi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

On Being a Doctor6 May 2014A Labor of LoveSarab Sodhi, BSSarab Sodhi, BSFrom Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M13-2673 Audio Reading - “A Labor of Love” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "A Labor of Love," by S. Sodhi. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I stood in the room, gowned and gloved, waiting for the woman to push. There was a thin trickle of sweat running down my back where the bright lights of the delivery room were trained. The baby was just short of the pubic bone, nearly ready to be born.The mother-to-be had been pushing for hours and was exhausted. We watched the strips that recorded her and her baby's heartbeats—each time that she pushed, her heart rate spiked to more than 170 beats/min and she closed her eyes and blew the air out of her lungs as we urged her ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Corresponding Author: Sarab Sodhi, BS, Temple University School of Medicine, 3500 North Broad Street, Suite #325, Philadelphia, PA; e-mail, sarab.[email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “A Labor of Love” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "A Labor of Love," by S. Sodhi. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 May 2014Volume 160, Issue 9Page: 653KeywordsBoneForecastingHeart rateLungsRunningSleepSweatThoraxUterusWalking ePublished: 6 May 2014 Issue Published: 6 May 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...