tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
4 years' experience of head and neck tuberculosis in a south London hospital
Authors: N Choudhury, G Bruch, P Kothari, G Rao, R Simo
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

In a south London department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery, 33 cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed in 4 years.The most common presentation was cervical adenitis (58%) and in some cases the initial investigations suggested malignant disease.Most of the patients were of non-British origin but none proved to be HIV seropositive.Fine-needle aspiration was positive for tuberculosis in 7 of 19 patients.21 patients required a surgical procedure for diagnosis. Case 1A man of 32 sought advice after two weeks with an enlarging neck mass and hoarseness.The mass was hard and fixed, measuring 6 cm66 cm, and he had a right vocal cord paresis.The mass was sampled by fine-needle aspiration which yielded no help.CT showed a large necrotic mass in 267
Effects of Moderate Weight Loss and Orlistat on Insulin Resistance, Regional Adiposity, and Fatty Acids in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: David E. Kelley, Lewis H. Kuller, Therese M. McKolanis, Patricia Harper, Juliet Mancino, Satish Kalhan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—Moderate weight loss is recommended for overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes, and conjunctive use of weight loss medication has been advocated. The current study examined weight loss–dependent and –independent effects of the intestinal lipase inhibitor orlistat at 6 months of treatment, using behavioral intervention (Int) combined with randomized, double-blinded, placebo (P)-controlled treatment with orlistat (O). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Metabolic control, insulin sensitivity (IS), regional fat distribution, and fat content in liver and muscle were measured in 39 volunteers with type 2 diabetes in whom all antidiabetic medication was withdrawn 1 month preceding randomization. Weight loss was equivalent in the Int+O and Int+P groups, respectively (−10.3 ± 1.3 vs. −8.9 ± 1.1%), and there were identical decreases in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), fat mass (FM), thigh adiposity, and hepatic steatosis. RESULTS—Weight loss resulted in substantial improvement (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in HbA1c (−1.6 ± 0.3 vs. −1.0 ± 0.4%; NS between groups). IS improved significantly more with orlistat (Δ2.2 ± 0.4 vs. Δ1.2 ± 0.4 mg · min−1 · kg−1 fat-free mass [FFM]; P &amp;lt; 0.05), and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels were strongly correlated with IS (r = 0.56; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Orlistat caused greater reductions in fasting plasma FFA (Δ–154 ± 22 vs. Δ–51 ± 33 μmol/l; P &amp;lt; 0.05), insulin-suppressed FFA (Δ–119 ± 23 vs. Δ–87 ± 34 μmol/l; P &amp;lt; 0.05), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG; −62 ± 9 vs. −32 ± 8 mg/dl; P = 0.02). Changes in HbA1c were correlated with ΔIS (r = −0.41; P &amp;lt; 0.01) but not with weight loss per se. CONCLUSIONS—At equivalent weight loss, conjunctive use of orlistat resulted in greater improvement in FFA levels and IS.
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy versus lobectomy for operable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: a pooled analysis of two randomised trials
Authors: Joe Y Chang, Suresh Senan, Marinus A Paul, Reza J Mehran, Alexander V Louie, Peter Balter, Harry J M Groen, Stephen E McRae, Joachim Widder, Lei Feng, Ben E E M van den Borne, Mark F Munsell, Coen Hurkmans, Donald A Berry, Erik van Werkhoven, John J Kresl, Anne-Marie Dingemans, Omar Dawood, Cornelis J A Haasbeek, Larry S Carpenter, Katrien De Jaeger, Ritsuko Komaki, Ben J Slotman, Egbert F Smit, Jack A Roth
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Randomized, Phase III Trial of Panitumumab With Infusional Fluorouracil, Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) Versus FOLFOX4 Alone As First-Line Treatment in Patients With Previously Untreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The PRIME Study
Authors: Jean-Yves Douillard, Salvatore Siena, James Cassidy, Josep Tabernero, Ronald Burkes, Mario Barugel, Yves Humblet, György Bodoky, David Cunningham, Jacek Jassem, Fernando Rivera, Ilona Kocákova, Paul Ruff, Maria Błasińska-Morawiec, Martin Šmakal, Jean-Luc Canon, Mark Rother, Kelly S. Oliner, Michael Wolf, Jennifer Gansert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Panitumumab, a fully human anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody that improves progression-free survival (PFS), is approved as monotherapy for patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The Panitumumab Randomized Trial in Combination With Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer to Determine Efficacy (PRIME) was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of panitumumab plus infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) versus FOLFOX4 alone as initial treatment for mCRC.In this multicenter, phase III trial, patients with no prior chemotherapy for mCRC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2, and available tissue for biomarker testing were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive panitumumab-FOLFOX4 versus FOLFOX4. The primary end point was PFS; overall survival (OS) was a secondary end point. Results were prospectively analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis by tumor KRAS status.KRAS results were available for 93% of the 1,183 patients randomly assigned. In the wild-type (WT) KRAS stratum, panitumumab-FOLFOX4 significantly improved PFS compared with FOLFOX4 (median PFS, 9.6 v 8.0 months, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.97; P = .02). A nonsignificant increase in OS was also observed for panitumumab-FOLFOX4 versus FOLFOX4 (median OS, 23.9 v 19.7 months, respectively; HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.02; P = .072). In the mutant KRAS stratum, PFS was significantly reduced in the panitumumab-FOLFOX4 arm versus the FOLFOX4 arm (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.62; P = .02), and median OS was 15.5 months versus 19.3 months, respectively (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.57; P = .068). Adverse event rates were generally comparable across arms with the exception of toxicities known to be associated with anti-EGFR therapy.This study demonstrated that panitumumab-FOLFOX4 was well tolerated and significantly improved PFS in patients with WT KRAS tumors and underscores the importance of KRAS testing for patients with mCRC.
ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALLOSITIES, CORNS AND WARTS.*
Authors: ARTHUR WHITFIELD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1932)

Journal Article ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CALLOSITIES, CORNS AND WARTS. Get access ARTHUR WHITFIELD ARTHUR WHITFIELD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 44, Issue 12, 1 December 1932, Pages 580–585, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1932.tb09563.x Published: 01 December 1932
Incidence and prognostic significance of karyotypic subgroups in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia: the Swedish population-based experience
Authors: V Lazarevic, A-S Hörstedt, B Johansson, P Antunovic, R Billström, Å Derolf, E Hulegårdh, S Lehmann, L Möllgård, C Nilsson, S Peterson, D Stockelberg, B Uggla, L Wennström, A Wahlin, M Höglund, G Juliusson
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

The Swedish population-based acute myeloid leukemia registry contains data from 3251 patients (excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia) diagnosed between 1997 and 2006. Informative cytogenetic data from 1893 patients were retrospectively added, including 1054 patients aged between 60 and 79 years. Clonal abnormalities were found in 57% of the informative karyotypes. Karyotypic patterns differed by age: t(8;21), inv(16) and t(11q23) were more common in younger patients, whereas loss of 5q, 7q and 17p, monosomal karyotype (MK) and complex karyotypes were more common in older patients. Loss of 5q, 7q and 17p often occurred together within MK. Patients with 5 chromosome abnormalities had worse overall survival than those with fewer abnormalities or normal karyotype in all age groups. Loss of 5q, 7q and/or 17p had, in contrast to MK, a further negative impact on survival. Multivariable Cox regression analyses on risk factors in patients <80 years with cytogenetic abnormalities and intensive treatment revealed that age and performance status had the most significant impact on survival (both P<0.001), followed by sex (P=0.0135) and a karyotype including -7/del(7q) (P=0.048).
THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ULCER
Authors: T. I. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1928)

EIA o!IA the patient, but prolonged boiling is to be avoided."There is evidence that a smaller quantity of liver is sufficient to maintain the improved condition, and that the dose should be reduced when the blood picture approaches the normal. SUMMARY.Nineteen patients with pernicious anaemia have been treated with whole liver or a liver extract.Nine of them were in the first attack or in a relapse, and seven of these showed a prompt response to treatment, with a temporary rise in the percentage of reticulated red cells in the circulating blood, and a steady increase in the total red cells and the haemoglobin.The reason for the failure of the treatment in the other two patienlts is not clear.Ten patients commenced treatment during the remiiission stage or received other forms of treatment ini addition, so that observations on the immediate effects of the treat- miient were not possible.The condition of these patients at the end of varying periods of treatment (up to six months) affords confirmatory evidence of the value of this treatment.Our thanks are due to the physicians of St. Bartholomew'sHospital and others who kindly enabled us to mnake these observations on their patients.
Inhibition of the LSD1 (KDM1A) demethylase reactivates the all-trans-retinoic acid differentiation pathway in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Tino Schenk, Weihsu Claire Chen, Stefanie Göllner, Louise Howell, Liqing Jin, Katja Hebestreit, Hans-Ulrich Klein, Andreea C Popescu, Alan Burnett, Ken Mills, Robert A Casero, Laurence Marton, Patrick Woster, Mark D Minden, Martin Dugas, Jean C Y Wang, John E Dick, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Kevin Petrie, Arthur Zelent
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
IMMUNIZATION AGAINST VACCINIA BY NON-INFECTIVE MIXTURES OF VIRUS AND IMMUNE SERUM
Authors: C. P. Rhoads
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. Vaccine virus and specific immune serum mixed in such proportions as to produce no lesion when inoculated intradermally induce immunity when instilled into the nasal cavities of rabbits. 2. The mixture is also effective when inoculated subcutaneously. 3. Immunity is brought about with a minimum of systemic reaction and no local one. 4. When the mixtures are incompletely neutralized generalized vaccinia results.
Evaluation of WOMAC 20, 50, 70 response criteria in patients treated with hylan G-F 20 for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: N Bellamy, M J Bell, C H Goldsmith, D Pericak, V Walker, J P Raynauld, G W Torrance, P Tugwell, R Polisson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> A secondary analysis of a previously conducted one year randomised controlled trial to evaluate the capacity of responder criteria based on the WOMAC index to detect between treatment group differences. <b>Methods:</b> 255 patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomised to "appropriate care with hylan G-F 20" (AC+H) or "appropriate care without hylan G-F 20" (AC). In the original analysis, two definitions of patient response from baseline to month 12 were used: (1) at least a 20% reduction in WOMAC pain score (WOMAC 20P); (2) at least a 20% reduction in WOMAC pain score <i>and</i> at least a 20% reduction in either WOMAC function or stiffness score (WOMAC 20PFS). For this analysis, a responder was identified using 50% and 70% minimum clinically important response levels to investigate how increasing response affects the ability to detect treatment group differences. <b>Results:</b> The hylan G-F 20 group had numerically more responders using all patient responder criteria. Increasing the response level from 20% to 50% detected similar differences between treatment groups (25% to 29%). Increasing the response level to 70% reduced the differences between treatment groups (11% to 12%) to a point where the differences were not significant after Bonferroni adjustment. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results provide evidence for incorporating response levels (WOMAC 50) in clinical trials. While differences at the highest threshold (WOMAC 70) were not statistically detectable, an appropriately powered study may be capable of detecting differences even at this very high level of improvement.
Expansion of natural (NK1+) T cells that express alpha beta T cell receptors in transporters associated with antigen presentation-1 null and thymus leukemia antigen positive mice.
Authors: S Joyce, I Negishi, A Boesteanu, A D DeSilva, P Sharma, M J Chorney, D Y Loh, L Van Kaer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Thymic selection of natural killer-1+ natural T cells that express alpha beta T cell receptors requires a conserved beta 2-microglobulin-associated molecule, presumably CD1d, displayed by CD4+8+ thymocytes. Here we demonstrate that positive selection of natural T cells occurs independent of transporters associated with antigen presentation-1 (TAP-1) function. Moreover, natural T cells in TAP-1o/o mice are numerically expanded. Several H-2 class Ib molecules function in a TAP-independent manner, suggesting that if expressed in TAP-1o/o thymocytes, they could play a role in natural T cell development. Of these class Ib molecules, H-2TL is expressed by TAP-1o/o thymocytes. Moreover, we find that thymi of TL+ mice congenic or transgenic for H-2T18 also have a numerically expanded natural T cell repertoire compared with TL- mice. This expansion, as in TAP-1o/o thymi, is evident in each of the limited T cell receptor V beta chains expressed by natural T cells, suggesting that TL and CD1d impact similar repertoires. Thus TL, in addition to CD1d, plays a role in natural T cell development.
Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke: consumer involvement in design of new randomised controlled trial
Authors: L. Koops
Journal: BMJ (2002)

To determine whether consumer involvement would help to solve some of the ethical problems associated with research into thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke, with its inherent risk of fatal intracranial haemorrhage.Quantitative and qualitative research.CONSULTATION PHASE: three meetings were held to discuss the planned research, and participants completed a questionnaire. QUALITATIVE WORK: focus group meetings explored the issues raised during the consultation phase. Design of information leaflets for patients and relatives: trial materials were drafted during the consultation phase and revised in the light of feedback from the focus group meetings and review by patients and carers on a stroke rehabilitation unit.54 people attended the consultation meetings. Four (9%) participants considered the risks of thrombolysis too great, but most (89%) were prepared to accept the treatment in a clinical trial. Nearly all would accept treatment if it was shown to be effective. Most (85%) would give their consent to enter the planned trial. The focus group meetings and feedback from patients and carers led to significant changes in the information leaflets. The revised trial materials were considered ethical by a national multicentre research ethics committee.Consumers generally supported a planned trial, and their involvement helped to refine trial consent procedures and led to an ethically acceptable trial design.
Increased suppressor cell activity in inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: G Holdstock, B F Chastenay, E L Krawitt
Journal: Gut (1981)

We studied the in vitro effect of indomethacin, hydrocortisone, sulphasalazine, and its metabolites sulphapyridine (SP) and 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 49 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and 34 controls. Indomethacin caused a highly significant increase in the PBMC response to the mitogen PHA-P compared with controls (P less than 0.01), indicating increased activity of a prostaglandin-producing suppressor cell system. On the contrary, sulphasalazine resulted in a reduced response which was significantly greater for the group with inflammatory bowel disease than the control group (P less than 0.05). This reduction was also produced by 5-ASA (P less than 0.05) but not by sulphapyridine. Addition of indomethacin to PBMC incubated with sulphasalazine significantly reduced the effect of sulphasalazine (P less than 0.001). Hydrocortisone resulted in a reduced response which was similar to that of controls and was not altered by the addition of indomethacin. The response to indomethacin, hydrocortisone, sulphasalazine, sulphapyridine, and 5-ASA was not dependent on the HLA type of the patients, disease activity, or drug therapy. The results suggest that increased suppression by a population of prostaglandin-producing suppressor cells plays a role in the immunopathology of inflammatory bowel disease, but that sulphasalazine does not exert its therapeutic effect by acting on this step of the immunoregulatory system. Any trials of indomethacin therapy in inflammatory bowel disease should take into account that, in vitro, sulphasalazine and indomethacin have opposing mechanisms of action in this system.
A Randomized Trial of Planned Cesarean or Vaginal Delivery for Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Jon F.R. Barrett, Mary E. Hannah, Eileen K. Hutton, Andrew R. Willan, Alexander C. Allen, B. Anthony Armson, Amiram Gafni, K.S. Joseph, Dalah Mason, Arne Ohlsson, Susan Ross, J. Johanna Sanchez, Elizabeth V. Asztalos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Twin birth is associated with a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes than singleton birth. It is unclear whether planned cesarean section results in a lower risk of adverse outcomes than planned vaginal delivery in twin pregnancy.We randomly assigned women between 32 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days of gestation with twin pregnancy and with the first twin in the cephalic presentation to planned cesarean section or planned vaginal delivery with cesarean only if indicated. Elective delivery was planned between 37 weeks 5 days and 38 weeks 6 days of gestation. The primary outcome was a composite of fetal or neonatal death or serious neonatal morbidity, with the fetus or infant as the unit of analysis for the statistical comparison.A total of 1398 women (2795 fetuses) were randomly assigned to planned cesarean delivery and 1406 women (2812 fetuses) to planned vaginal delivery. The rate of cesarean delivery was 90.7% in the planned-cesarean-delivery group and 43.8% in the planned-vaginal-delivery group. Women in the planned-cesarean-delivery group delivered earlier than did those in the planned-vaginal-delivery group (mean number of days from randomization to delivery, 12.4 vs. 13.3; P=0.04). There was no significant difference in the composite primary outcome between the planned-cesarean-delivery group and the planned-vaginal-delivery group (2.2% and 1.9%, respectively; odds ratio with planned cesarean delivery, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 1.74; P=0.49).In twin pregnancy between 32 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days of gestation, with the first twin in the cephalic presentation, planned cesarean delivery did not significantly decrease or increase the risk of fetal or neonatal death or serious neonatal morbidity, as compared with planned vaginal delivery. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00187369; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN74420086.).
Phase IIa randomized, placebo-controlled study of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in bacterially colonized, chronic leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers: a new approach to antimicrobial therapy
Authors: S. Morley, J. Griffiths, G. Philips, H. Moseley, C. O’Grady, K. Mellish, C.L. Lankester, B. Faris, R.J. Young, S.B. Brown, L.E. Rhodes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

With increasing problems of antibiotic resistance, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being developed as a novel antimicrobial treatment. Following light activation, cationic photosensitizer PPA904 [3,7-bis(N,N-dibutylamino) phenothiazin-5-ium bromide] kills a broad spectrum of bacteria in vitro and this has a variety of potential clinical applications.To determine if PDT in bacterially colonized chronic leg ulcers and chronic diabetic foot ulcers can reduce bacterial load, and potentially lead to accelerated wound healing.Sixteen patients with chronic leg ulcers and 16 patients with diabetic foot ulcers (each eight active treatment/eight placebo) were recruited into a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-treatment, Phase IIa trial. All patients had ulcer duration > 3 months, bacterially colonized with > 10 colony-forming units cm . After quantitatively assessing pretreatment bacterial load via swabbing, PPA904 or placebo was applied topically to wounds for 15 min, followed immediately by 50 J cm of red light and the wound again sampled for quantitative microbiology. The wound area was measured for up to 3 months following treatment.Treatment was well tolerated with no reports of pain or other safety issues. In contrast to placebo, patients on active treatment showed a reduction in bacterial load immediately post-treatment (P < 0·001). After 3 months, 50% (four of eight) of patients with actively treated chronic leg ulcer showed complete healing, compared with 12% (one of eight) of patients on placebo.This first controlled study of PDT in chronic wounds demonstrated significant reduction in bacterial load. An apparent trend towards wound healing was observed; further study of this aspect with larger patient numbers is indicated.
Ketogenic Diets Enhance Oxidative Stress and Radio-Chemo-Therapy Responses in Lung Cancer Xenografts
Authors: Bryan G. Allen, Sudershan K. Bhatia, John M. Buatti, Kristin E. Brandt, Kaleigh E. Lindholm, Anna M. Button, Luke I. Szweda, Brian J. Smith, Douglas R. Spitz, Melissa A. Fath
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Ketogenic diets are high in fat and low in carbohydrates as well as protein which forces cells to rely on lipid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration rather than glycolysis for energy metabolism. Cancer cells (relative to normal cells) are believed to exist in a state of chronic oxidative stress mediated by mitochondrial metabolism. The current study tests the hypothesis that ketogenic diets enhance radio-chemo-therapy responses in lung cancer xenografts by enhancing oxidative stress.Mice bearing NCI-H292 and A549 lung cancer xenografts were fed a ketogenic diet (KetoCal 4:1 fats: proteins+carbohydrates) and treated with either conventionally fractionated (1.8-2 Gy) or hypofractionated (6 Gy) radiation as well as conventionally fractionated radiation combined with carboplatin. Mice weights and tumor size were monitored. Tumors were assessed for immunoreactive 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-(4HNE)-modified proteins as a marker of oxidative stress as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and γH2AX as indices of proliferation and DNA damage, respectively.The ketogenic diets combined with radiation resulted in slower tumor growth in both NCI-H292 and A549 xenografts (P < 0.05), relative to radiation alone. The ketogenic diet also slowed tumor growth when combined with carboplatin and radiation, relative to control. Tumors from animals fed a ketogenic diet in combination with radiation showed increases in oxidative damage mediated by lipid peroxidation as determined by 4HNE-modified proteins as well as decreased proliferation as assessed by decreased immunoreactive PCNA.These results show that a ketogenic diet enhances radio-chemo-therapy responses in lung cancer xenografts by a mechanism that may involve increased oxidative stress.