tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic Pyogenic Liver Abscess
Authors: JACOBO SABBAJ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The role of anaerobic bacteria in the etiology of pyogenic liver abscess has not been fully recognized. In 11 years we have encountered 25 cases of anaerobic liver abscess, which represent 45% of all liver abscesses seen in the same period. Blood cultures, usually reported as negative in this condition, were positive in 54% of our cases. Anaerobes recovered from abscess contents or blood in our patients included anaerobic or microaerophilic streptococci, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, and Actinomyces. A literature survey disclosed an additional 165 cases of anaerobic liver abscess. Commonly described "sterile" abscesses undoubtedly reflect the lack of adequate anaerobic transport and culture techniques. Surgical drainage remains the cornerstone of treatment, but antimicrobial therapy is also important. Failure to recover existing anaerobic organisms may result in inappropriate drug therapy. In our series the mortality of diagnosed cases was 5% (1 fatality in 20 cases).
Frequency of faecal Klebsiella aerogenes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and controls with respect to individual features of the disease.
Authors: C J Eastmond, H E Willshaw, S E Burgess, R Shinebaum, E M Cooke, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

A study of 59 patients with definite ankylosing spondylitis and 41 comparable hospital outpatients with fractures has been undertaken to determine if the presence of faecal Klebsiella aerogenes is related to clinical activity of the spinal disease and its extraspinal features. The frequencies of fecal K. aerogenes were similar in both patients and controls and were not significantly related to spinal disease activity. Careful inquiry about antibiotic treatment, dietary habits, and hospitalisation did not significantly influence the results. A significant association was found between the presence of faecal K. aerogenes and both acute non-granulomatous anterior uveitis (P less than 0.01) and peripheral synovitis in HLA B27 positive patients (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that K. aerogenes may have an aetiological role in the development of non-granulomatous anterior uveitis and peripheral arthritis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis but do not lend support to this organism having such a role in the spinal disease itself.
"Owl Eye" Sign of Benign Autonomous Thyroid Nodule
Authors: FUAD S. ASHKAR
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  In 1913, Plummer differentiated diffuse toxic goiter from toxic autonomous nodular goiter on the basis of observation on 2,000 patients who underwent operations. 1 The autonomous nodular goiter presents a special diagnostic problem in its toxic and pretoxic stages, because of the existence in it of inactive thyroid tissue that gives a cold appearance in the scintigram. The nodules are variable in size, most of them are larger than the surrounding suppressed normal tissue, and in cross section represent a group of variable-sized, functioning follicles. 2 Functional capacity of these autonomous nodules is limited in comparison to diffuse toxic disease, toxicity is only produced after a dimension of three to four cm is reached. 2,3   A new area of suppressed function was noted by our group in the autonomous nodular goiter; it occurs usually in a central position in the autonomous nodule (Fig 1 and 2). This
WHAT RELATION, IF ANY, HAVE THE FAUCIAL TONSILS TO PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS?
Authors: E. FLETCHER INGALS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In 1878 Cohnheim suggested that tuberculosis of the cervical lymph-nodes might be the result of primary tuberculosis in the buccal or pharyngeal mucosa or tonsils. In 1879 Orth in some feeding experiments with guinea-pigs produced tuberculosis in the cervical lymphnodes, and in one instance in the tonsils. Baumgarten con firmed these results in 1884. Cornil and Ranvier the same year described the lesions in tuberculous tonsils in their manual of pathologic histology, and Strassmann the same year mentions the frequency of tonsillar tuberculosis in phthisical patients (thirteen in twenty-one cases). This seems to have been the beginning of the special literature on this subject. In 1885 Abraham wrote on tubercle of the tonsil and in 1891 Dmochowski concluded that tuberculous deposits in the faucial and lingual tonsils often resulted from auto-infection. In 1892 Conoreur described the probable relation of tuberculosis of the tonsils to the same disease in the cervical
The Degree of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Bilaterally Oophorectomized Women
Authors: JOHN H. WUEST, THOMAS J. DRY, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The degree of coronary atherosclerosis in 49 hearts obtained from bilaterally oophorectomized women was compared with the degree of sclerosis in 600 hearts from women and in 600 hearts from men of comparable ages. On the average the degree of coronary sclerosis in the bilaterally oophorectomized women was greater than in control women but less than in control men.
Long-Term Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Dioxins on Pregnancy Outcomes in Women Affected by the Yusho Incident
Authors: Kiyomi Tsukimori, Shoji Tokunaga, Satoko Shibata, Hiroshi Uchi, Daisuke Nakayama, Tadayuki Ishimaru, Hitoo Nakano, Norio Wake, Takesumi Yoshimura, Masutaka Furue
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundMaternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is associated with increased proportions of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth in animal studies. In Japan in 1968, accidental human exposure to rice oil contaminated with PCBs and other dioxin-related compounds, such as polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), led to the development of what was later referred to as Yusho oil disease.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the association of maternal PCB and dioxin exposure with adverse pregnancy outcomes in Yusho women.MethodsIn 2004, we interviewed 214 Yusho women (512 pregnancies) about their pregnancy outcomes over the past 36 years. Pregnancy outcomes included induced abortion, spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, and pregnancy loss.ResultsIn pregnancy years 1968–1977 (within the first 10 years after exposure), the proportions of induced abortion [odds ratio adjusted for age at delivery (ORadj) = 5.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.21–15.91; two-tailed p < 0.001) and preterm delivery (ORadj = 5.70; 95% CI, 1.17–27.79; p = 0.03) were significantly increased compared with the proportions in pregnancy years 1958–1967 (10 years before the incident). Spontaneous abortion (ORadj = 2.09; 95% CI, 0.84–5.18), and pregnancy loss (ORadj = 2.11; 95% CI, 0.92–4.87) were more frequent (OR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.02–4.66), but these were not significant (p = 0.11 and p = 0.08, respectively) in pregnancy years 1968–1977. We found no significant increases in the proportions of these adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnancies occurring during 1978–1987 or 1988–2003 compared with those in pregnancies before 1968.ConclusionHigh levels of PCB/PCDF exposure had some adverse effects on pregnancy outcome in Yusho women.
A USEFUL DIAGNOSTIC AID CASE
Authors: Harry D. Piercy
Journal: JAMA (1926)

This pocket case contains a number of clinical diagnostic aids that are often required in an emergency and are not as a rule carried in the physician's bag. The delay and inconvenience caused when I have been compelled to return to the office for some of these articles led me to design and make this compact case, which fits into my bag and is always at hand when needed. Its convenience and usefulness has been demonstrated many times, and I feel that it merits this description. The case, of German silver, is hinged on one side and opens into two halves. It measures 10 by 15 by 3 cm. and weighs, with its contents, about 425 Gm. It contains the pipets for making blood counts; glass cover slips for blood smears; glass slides for blood or pus smears; a blood agar slant with sterile swab; a sterile test tube for
Defying the Odds: Dr Ricky Kanee Schachter
Authors: Margaret Maria Cocks
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Becoming a physician is challenging in any age but was made doubly difficult by religion and sex in early 20th-century North America. Dr Ricky Kanee Schachter (1918-2007) defied the odds to become Canada’s most celebrated Jewish female dermatologist.
Intracoronary Transluminal Attenuation Gradient in Coronary CT Angiography for Determining Coronary Artery Stenosis
Authors: Jin-Ho Choi, James K. Min, Troy M. Labounty, Fay Y. Lin, Dorinna D. Mendoza, Dae Hee Shin, Nikki S. Ariaratnam, Sunaina Koduru, Juan F. Granada, Thomas C. Gerber, Jae K. Oh, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Yeon Hyeon Choe
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
How to Run a Successful Academic Practice Plan
Authors: Allan S. Detsky, Michael A. Baker
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TCT-569 Pre-interventional Plaque Composition Assessed by Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound Predicts Plaque Shift after Stent Implantation
Authors: Kyuhachi Otagiri, Kenji Sakamoto, Ryotaro Yamada, Hideki Kitahara, Shigemitsu Tanaka, Joo-Yong Hahn, Paul Yock, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Computerized Tomography, Diagnostic Ultrasound, and Radionuclide Scanning
Authors: Jamie Barkin, Donald Vining, August Miale, Stuart Gottlieb, Dorothy E. Redlhammer, Martin H. Kaiser
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Forty-six patients, including 33 with proved pancreatic carcinoma, were studied with computerized tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), and radionuclide (RN) scanning. The results of each scanning procedure were compared with the surgical and clinical findings. The detection rate was 82% for CT, and 92% with US. A mass is the most important finding in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Measurements of the pancreas with CT and US were similar, with visualization of all parts of the pancreas routinely better with CT scans. Radionuclide scans were abnormal in 96% of the patients with pancreatic carcinoma as well as in 75% of patients without pancreatic disease. A rational approach to examination of a patient with suspected pancreatic carcinoma should begin with US scan with available, because the detection rate with this method is equal to that with CT and its cost per procedure and for equipment is substantially less.
Myelofibrosis with skin lesions
Authors: H. TAGAMI, M. TASHIMA, N. UEHARA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

An elderly male patient with primary myelofibrosis developed many papules on the trunk and later numerous subcutaneous nodules on the face. Histologically these lesions showed the features of extra-medullary haematopoiesis consisting of all the three components, i.e. myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocytic elements, findings never reported in the skin.
The giant organelles in beige and Chediak-Higashi fibroblasts are derived from late endosomes and mature lysosomes.
Authors: J K Burkhardt, F A Wiebel, S Hester, Y Argon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) is an autosomal recessive disease affecting secretory granules and lysosomes-like organelles. In CHS fibroblasts, acidic organelles are abnormally large and clustered in the perinuclear area. We have analyzed fibroblast cell lines from a CHS patient and from the murine model for CHS, the beige mouse, to determine which lysosome-like compartments are affected. Uptake of neutral red showed that in both beige and CHS cell lines, the acidic organelles were markedly clustered in the perinuclear region of the cells. Giant organelles (&amp;gt; 4 microns) were observed in a fraction of the cells, and these were more dramatic in the beige fibroblasts than in the CHS fibroblasts. The total dye uptake of both mutant cell lines was similar to their respective wild type fibroblasts, suggesting that the overall volume of acidic compartments is unaffected by the disorder. Histochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that the giant organelles in both beige and CHS fibroblasts were positive for cathepsin D, lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP) 1, LAMP 2, and a 120-kD lysosomal glycoprotein, all marker proteins for late endosomes and lysosomes. The giant organelles were also negative for transferrin receptor and mannose-6-phosphate receptor, and most of them were also negative for rab 7. This distribution of marker proteins shows that the giant organelles in both beige and CHS are derived from late compartments of the endocytic pathway. This conclusion was confirmed using endocytic tracers. BSA was transported to the giant organelles, but only after long incubation times, and only at 37 degrees C. alpha 2-Macroglobulin was taken up and degraded at similar rates by CHS or beige cells and their respective wild type control cells. Taken together, our results indicate that the mutation in CHS specifically affects late endosomes and lysosomes, with little or no effect on early endosomes. Although the mutation clearly causes mislocalization of these organelles, it appears to have little effect on their endocytic and degradative functions.
A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT MEANS OF APPLYING ARTIFICIAL HEAT
Authors: STEPHEN E. TRACY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Following operation when the patient is relaxed, the temperature subnormal, and the functional activity of the organs diminished, it is an essential that reaction should be brought about promptly and every means which will promote this result should be employed. This relaxed abnormal condition of the patient is best overcome by the application of external heat, which is the greatest of all stimulants at this time. Artificial heat is usually applied by placing several hot-water bags about the patient, which is quite sufficient when there is no shock and the temperature is normal. A very small portion, usually the edge of the hot-water bag, comes in contact with the patient, and as a rule
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Blockade and Renal Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Juliana C.N. Chan, Nelson M.S. Wat, Wing-Yee So, Karen S.L. Lam, Chin-Teong Chua, Kok-Seng Wong, Zaki Morad, Tania Z. Dickson, Darcy Hille, Zhongxin Zhang, Mark E. Cooper, Shahnaz Shahinfar, Barry M. Brenner, Kiyoshi Kurokawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—Asia is predicted to have the largest population of patients with diabetes who are at high risk for renal disease. In the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) study, ∼17% of patients were Asians. In this subgroup analysis, we examined the characteristics, response, and adherence to treatment of the Asian population, as well as their baseline predictors of risk of renal end points. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 252 Asian patients were enrolled in the RENAAL study, which compared losartan (50 mg titrated to 100 mg) to placebo in addition to conventional antihypertensive medications in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Mean follow-up was 3.2 years. The effect of losartan therapy on renal and cardiovascular outcomes was examined, and baseline predictors of risk were determined using a Cox proportional hazards model with prespecified baseline covariates. RESULTS—Losartan reduced the risk of the primary composite end point composed of a doubling of serum creatinine, end-stage renal disease, or all-cause mortality in Asian patients by 35% (P = 0.02). No difference between losartan and placebo was observed for the cardiovascular composite outcomes. Losartan reduced the level of proteinuria by 47% (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and rate of decrease in renal function by 31% (0.0074). Discontinuations were lower in the losartan-treated patients. The strongest baseline predictors of risk of renal end points were proteinuria (hazard ratio 1.42, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and low Hb (0.81, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—In this subgroup analysis of the RENAAL study, losartan conferred significant renal benefits and was well tolerated in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes and clinical nephropathy. Baseline proteinuria and low Hb were strong predictors of risk of renal outcomes.
Glutamine and cancer: cell biology, physiology, and clinical opportunities
Authors: Christopher T. Hensley, Ajla T. Wasti, Ralph J. DeBerardinis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Glutamine is an abundant and versatile nutrient that participates in energy formation, redox homeostasis, macromolecular synthesis, and signaling in cancer cells. These characteristics make glutamine metabolism an appealing target for new clinical strategies to detect, monitor, and treat cancer. Here we review the metabolic functions of glutamine as a super nutrient and the surprising roles of glutamine in supporting the biological hallmarks of malignancy. We also review recent efforts in imaging and therapeutics to exploit tumor cell glutamine dependence, discuss some of the challenges in this arena, and suggest a disease-focused paradigm to deploy these emerging approaches.
A Recombination Silencer that Specifies Heterochromatin Positioning and Ikaros Association in the Immunoglobulin κ Locus
Authors: Zhe Liu, Piotr Widlak, Ying Zou, Fei Xiao, Misook Oh, Shuyu Li, Mee Young Chang, Jerry W. Shay, William T. Garrard
Journal: Immunity (2006)
Sotalol-Induced Beta Blockade in Cardiac Patients
Authors: HAROLD BROOKS, JOHN BANAS, STEVEN MEISTER, MURRILL SZUCS, JAMES DALEN, LEWIS DEXTER
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Sotalol (MJ 1999), a beta-adrenergic blocking agent found to have no significant intrinsic myocardial depressant effects, was administered intravenously to 20 patients with heart disease. Eight of the patients had clinical and hemodynamic evidence of chronic heart failure. Doses ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 mg/kg. In all studies, heart rate decreased significantly, accompanied by comparable decreases in cardiac index and tension-time index. There were, however, no significant changes in stroke index, mean blood pressure, or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure—even in those patients with advanced heart failure, indicating that the changes noted were primarily rate-related and could not be ascribed to myocardial depression. To confirm this, further studies were performed in which heart rate was held constant by atrial pacing in normal and catecholamine-depleted dogs. Sotalol, at doses much higher than the minimal beta-blocking dose, did not change stroke index, blood pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, or estimated maximal velocity of isotonic shortening (V max ), confirming that myocardial contractility was unaffected. It is concluded that sotalol-induced beta blockade had no observable myocardial depressant action in dogs or adverse hemodynamic effects in cardiac patients, even when advanced chronic heart failure was present.
CANCER OF THE BREAST.END RESULTS OF 100 OPERATIONS.
Authors: HOMER GAGE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Five years ago this winter, I reported<sup>1</sup>the results of my operations on the cancerous breast, with the subsequent history of each of 46 cases. To this record I now desire to add 62 cases of cancer of the breast, all operated on prior to 1904, 42 of which were done before 1902, and have, therefore, passed the traditional three-year period. Since the reading of the earlier paper, little has been added to our knowledge of the disease itself, nor has any substantial advance been made in the means of preventing or controlling it. The subject of the general distribution and prevalence of cancer has been much discussed, and the deaths from cancer certainly seem to be increasing steadily from year to year. This opininion is derived from the results of postmortem examinations made at the large clinics of continental Europe, as well as from the general mortality statistics of
Relationship of the Pulmonary Artery End-Diastolic Pressure to the Left Ventricular End-Diastolic and Mean Filling Pressures in Patients With and Without Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: RAUL E. FALICOV, LEON RESNEKOV
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The relationship of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and the pulmonary arterial "wedge" mean pressure (PAWMP) to the pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure (PAEDP) was investigated by cardiac catheterization in 71 subjects. Pressure records were obtained simultaneously or immediately consecutively. In 15 subjects with normal LV function (LVEDP, 4 to 12 mm Hg) PAEDP was within 3 mm Hg of LVEDP (r = 0.70, P &lt; 0.01) and within 3 mm Hg of PAWMP (r = 0.69, P &lt; 0.01) in every instance. In 56 patients with LV dysfunction (LVEDP, 12 to 55 mm Hg), PAEDP was lower than LVEDP in 42, equal to LVEDP in six, and higher than the LVEDP in eight, who were in atrial fibrillation or had increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). PAEDP correlated closely with PAWMP (r = 0.92, P &lt; 0.001). In 30 patients with LV dysfunction in sinus rhythm, an a wave was identified in the PA pressure tracing (PA a ) prior to systole which coincided in time and magnitude to the PAW a wave and was considered to represent retrograde transmission of the left atrial contraction wave. The PA a pressure was within 5 mm Hg of the LVEDP (r = 0.94, P &lt; 0.001) in all except four patients, two of whom had elevated PVR. Thus, in the presence of LV dysfunction and elevated LVEDP, PAEDP correlated well with PAWMP, but failed to represent LVEDP accurately, while PA a wave pressure closely reflected LVEDP except when PVR was markedly increased.