tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infectious and noninfectious exposures in the etiology of light chain myeloma: a case-control study.
Authors: Williams Ar, Weiss Ns, Koepsell Td, Lyon Jl, Swanson Gm
Journal: Cancer Research (1989)

Sixty-nine subjects with light chain myeloma were interviewed in a multicenter case-control study, and their responses were compared to those of 1683 controls selected from the general population of the same geographic areas. The interview was directed at the subject's history of exposure to a variety of chemical and infectious agents. Persons with a history of a medical implant had 2.2 times the risk of other persons (95% confidence interval = 0.9-5.8), a relative risk that increased with increasing time that the implant had been present. Alkali exposure that was deemed by the subject to be unusually heavy was associated with a relative risk of light chain myeloma of 7.8 (95% confidence interval = 1.7-35.3), while similarly defined exposure to carbon monoxide increased the risk by 6.1 times (95% confidence interval = 2.0-18.2). These findings differ from those obtained in our study of the more common forms of multiple myeloma and, while the differences are plausibly due only to chance given the large number of exposures investigated, they could be an indication that light chain myeloma is an etiologically distinct entity.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of a Human Antibody Cloned from a Cancer Patient That Binds to a Tumor-Specific Variant of Transcription Factor TAF15
Authors: Nicole Schatz, Stephanie Brändlein, Kilian Rückl, Frank Hensel, H. Peter Vollmers
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Human hybridoma technologies permit the cloning of patient antibodies that may have desirable qualities. In this study, we report the isolation of a natural IgG antibody from a stomach cancer patient that illustrates novel diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Human antibody PAT-BA4 recognizes a tumor-specific variant of the transcription factor TATA-binding protein–associated factor 15 (TAF15) that is expressed on the plasma membrane of stomach cancer and melanoma cells but not healthy tissues. TAF15 is a member of the multifunctional TET protein family involved in mRNA transcription, splicing, and transport that is normally expressed only in the cytoplasm and nucleus of fetal or adult tissue cells. However, in malignant cells, TET family members including TAF15 seem to be involved in cell adhesion and spreading. In support of this likelihood, we found that PAT-BA4 inhibited tumor cell motility and tumor cell adhesion. Our findings define a role for a tumor-specific TAF15 antigen in malignant processes. Cancer Res; 70(1); 398–408
GROWTH AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITIES IN 8-10 YEAR OLD CHILDREN WHO PRACTICE FOOTBALL–AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Marcio Domingues
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Sport and more specifically football is an important asset in youth lives. Much has been written regarding functional capacities and dimensions in pre-adolescence and adolescence but there's a consistent lack of information concerning the ages of 6–10 years of age. Biological factors, such as body size and maturity status, have been documented as predictors of athlete selection and performance in several sports (Malina, Bouchard, &amp; Bar-Or, 2004). As some authors contest, advanced biological maturity status constitutes an asset positively associated with selection process and success in several sports in early adolescence (Malina, Pena Reyes, Eisenmann, Horta, Rodrigues, &amp; Miller, 2000), as chronological age and sport specialization increase. Children are very responsive to systematic instructional and training programs for the development of motor skills. Moreover, studies of youth football players start to consider the potential influence of variation in growth and biological maturity status upon sport-specific football skills. Attention is given to functional capacities and performance outcomes in young athletes at relatively young age as they relate to growth and maturation. The multilateral development emphasis should be placed ahead when elaborating youth programs as coaches should be careful in using body size as cut-points in sport and should be aware of individual differences (Malina, 2004). Care should therefore be taken in developing football skills regarding performance with full respect to youth development.
Promoter Analysis and Aberrant Expression of the <i>MUC5B</i> Gene in Diffuse Panbronchiolitis
Authors: Koichiro Kamio, Ikumi Matsushita, Minako Hijikata, Yoichiro Kobashi, Goh Tanaka, Koh Nakata, Takafumi Ishida, Katsushi Tokunaga, Yoshio Taguchi, Sakae Homma, Koichiro Nakata, Arata Azuma, Shoji Kudoh, Naoto Keicho
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a chronic inflammatory airway disease predominantly affecting Asian populations. DPB is considered to be a complex genetic disease. Considering the mucous hypersecretion of the disease, we hypothesized that the transcriptional activity of mucin genes may be altered in DPB. We analyzed nucleotide sequences of regulatory region of six mucin genes--MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC7--and detected their promoter polymorphisms. Among them, the insertion/deletion polymorphism identified in the MUC5B gene was significantly associated with the disease (p = 0.0001). Transcriptional activity observed in the three major promoter haplotypes corresponded to the strength of the disease association in which these haplotypes are involved. Immunohistochemistry of the lung tissues of DPB revealed that MUC5B was abundantly expressed not only in bronchial glands but also in increased numbers of goblet cells on the bronchial surface, where MUC5AC is predominant and MUC5B expression is generally scarce in the normal lung. Marked mucous hypersecretion observed in DPB may be partly explained by increased and aberrant expression of MUC5B. The possible involvement of MUC5B gene in DPB was demonstrated. A further role of the MUC5B polymorphism in its pathogenesis should be studied in the future.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Denosumab in Patients With Bone Metastases From Prostate Cancer, Breast Cancer, or Other Neoplasms After Intravenous Bisphosphonates
Authors: Karim Fizazi, Allan Lipton, Xavier Mariette, Jean-Jacques Body, Yasmin Rahim, Julie R. Gralow, Guozhi Gao, Ling Wu, Winnie Sohn, Susie Jun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose Patients with bone metastases and elevated urinary N-telopeptide (uNTx), representing excessive bone resorption, are at increased risk for skeletal-related events (SREs), cancer progression, and death. Osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is regulated by RANKL. We evaluated the effect of denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL, in patients with bone metastases and elevated uNTx levels despite ongoing intravenous (IV) bisphosphonate (BP) therapy. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had histologically confirmed malignancy, ≥ 1 bone metastases, and uNTx levels higher than 50 nmol/L bone collagen equivalents (BCE)/mM creatinine despite IV BPs. They were stratified by tumor type and screening uNTx levels (50 to 100 or &gt; 100 nmol/L BCE/mM creatinine), and randomly assigned to continue IV BPs every 4 weeks or receive subcutaneous denosumab 180 mg every 4 weeks or every 12 weeks. Results Among 111 patients accrued, the primary end point of uNTx levels lower than 50 nmol/L BCE/mM creatinine (uNTx &lt; 50) at week 13 was achieved by 49 (71%) of 69 patients in the denosumab arms, compared with 10 (29%) of 35 patients in the IV BP arm (P &lt; .001). The proportion of patients with uNTx lower than 50 was maintained at week 25 (64% denosumab arms; 37% IV BP arm; P = .01). The incidence of SREs was six (8%) of 73 and six (17%) of 35 in the denosumab group and IV BP group, respectively. Rates of adverse events were similar between treatment groups. Conclusion Among patients with elevated uNTx despite ongoing IV BP therapy, denosumab normalized uNTx levels more frequently than the continuation of IV BP. Fewer patients receiving denosumab experienced on-study SREs than those receiving IV BPs.
Discovery of microvascular miRNAs using public gene expression data: miR-145 is expressed in pericytes and is a regulator of Fli1
Authors: Erik Larsson, Peder Fredlund Fuchs, Johan Heldin, Irmeli Barkefors, Cecilia Bondjers, Guillem Genové, Christelle Arrondel, Pär Gerwins, Christine Kurschat, Bernhard Schermer, Thomas Benzing, Scott J Harvey, Johan Kreuger, Per Lindahl
Journal: Genome Medicine (2009)

A function for the microRNA (miRNA) pathway in vascular development and angiogenesis has been firmly established. miRNAs with selective expression in the vasculature are attractive as possible targets in miRNA-based therapies. However, little is known about the expression of miRNAs in microvessels in vivo. Here, we identified candidate microvascular-selective miRNAs by screening public miRNA expression datasets.Bioinformatics predictions of microvascular-selective expression were validated with real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR on purified microvascular fragments from mouse. Pericyte expression was shown with in situ hybridization on tissue sections. Target sites were identified with 3' UTR luciferase assays, and migration was tested in a microfluid chemotaxis chamber.miR-145, miR-126, miR-24, and miR-23a were selectively expressed in microvascular fragments isolated from a range of tissues. In situ hybridization and analysis of Pdgfb retention motif mutant mice demonstrated predominant expression of miR-145 in pericytes. We identified the Ets transcription factor Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli1) as a miR-145 target, and showed that elevated levels of miR-145 reduced migration of microvascular cells in response to growth factor gradients in vitro.miR-126, miR-24 and miR-23a are selectively expressed in microvascular endothelial cells in vivo, whereas miR-145 is expressed in pericytes. miR-145 targets the hematopoietic transcription factor Fli1 and blocks migration in response to growth factor gradients. Our findings have implications for vascular disease and provide necessary information for future drug design against miRNAs with selective expression in the microvasculature.
Elevated risk of motor vehicle accidents in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A case-control study
Authors: Ozen K. Basoglu, Mehmet Sezai Tasbakan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Background : The risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) is increased in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients. The present case-control study aimed to determine accident rate in OSAS patients, and to identify disease-related factors associated with accident risk.

Methods: Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and polysomnograhic parameters of 312 OSAS patients were compared to 156 age- and sex-matched primary snoring subjects.

Results: Rate of OSAS patients reporting accident was higher than snoring subjects (21.2% vs. 11.5%, p=0.011), and OSAS was associated with a 2.06 (95% CI, 1.17 to 3.61, p=0.012) increase in accident rate. OSAS patients with older age (p=0.001), male gender (p=0.001), increased neck circumference (p=0.002), Epworth sleepiness score (ESS) (p<0.0001) and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (p=0.039) had more MVAs than patients without accident. Daytime sleepiness was associated with a 2.74-fold increase (95% CI, 1.54 to 4.87, p=0.001) in accident rate. Age (r=-0.163, p=0.004), neck circumference (r=0.175, p=0.002), ESS (r=0.297, p<0.0001) and AHI (r=0.135, p=0.017) were correlated significantly with MVA risk. In multivariate linear regression analysis, accident risk was associated with neck circumference and ESS (p<0.0001). Besides, accident risk could be excluded in OSAS patients with neck circumference<43cm and ESS<11 (sensitivity 33.3%, specificity 85.8%).

Conclusions: The present results support that OSAS patients have a twofold higher risk of traffic accidents than control subjects, and increased neck circumference and excessive daytime sleepiness are useful in predicting OSAS patients at higher risk of having accidents.
Accident Flying Squad
Authors: J. T. Watkins
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Background and Aims: Cost increases in the healthcare system are leading to a need to distribute financial resources in accordance with the value of each service performed. Health-economic decision-making models can support these decisions. Due to the previous unavailability of health utilities in Germany (scored states of health as a basis for calculating quality-adjusted life-years, QALYs) for women undergoing treatment, international data are often used for such models. However, these may widely deviate from the values for a woman actually living in Germany. It is, therefore, necessary to collect and analyze health utilities in Germany. Materials and Methods: In a questionnaire survey, health utilities were collected, along with data for a healthy control group, for 580 female patients receiving treatment in the fields of mastology and gynecological oncology using a German version of the EuroQol questionnaire (EQ-5D) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). Data were also collected for the patients9 medical history, tumor disease, and treatment. Results: Significant differences with regard to quality of life were measured in relation to the individual tumor entities and in comparison to the controls. Apart from the healthy control group, patients with breast or cervical carcinoma had the best quality of life. In patients with recurrent and metastatic disease, those with breast carcinoma experienced the greatest impairment of their quality of life. According to current treatment, the most important impairment of life quality occurred in patients under radiotherapy and after surgical treatment. There are significant differences from the health utilities recorded for other countries – for example, the state of health declines much more markedly in patients with metastatic disease among American women with breast carcinoma than among German women, in whom recurrent disease and a first diagnosis of metastasis were comparable. Overall, the VAS was able to distinguish more adequately than the EQ-5D questionnaire between the different situations and impairments resulting from diagnosis and therapy. Conclusion: Health utilities are now, for the first time, available for further health-economics analyses in the field of gynecological oncology and mastology for women living in Germany. Important differences in these utilities from those of other countries are evident.
Enhanced Ca <sup>2+</sup> Current and Decreased Ca <sup>2+</sup> Efflux Restore Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca <sup>2+</sup> Content After Depletion
Authors: A. W. Trafford, M. E. Díaz, N. Negretti, D. A. Eisner
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

[Ca2+]i was measured using the fluorescent indicator indo 1 in voltage-clamped ferret and rat ventricular myocytes. The Ca2+ content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was estimated from the integral of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange current activated by caffeine. Refilling of the SR after caffeine removal was enhanced by stimulation. As the systolic Ca2+ transient recovered, the integral of the L-type Ca2+ current decreased and that of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange tail current increased. For the early pulses, the gain of Ca2+ via the Ca2+ current is greater than the loss via the exchanger, and during steady state stimulation, the fluxes are equal. The difference in the integrals gives a measure of the net gain of cell Ca2+ with each pulse. When these are summed, the calculated gain of cell Ca2+ agrees well with the increase of SR Ca2+ produced by stimulation, as measured from the caffeine-evoked currents. There was a nonlinear relationship between SR Ca2+ content and the magnitude of the systolic Ca2+ transient such that at high SR Ca2+ content a given increase of content had a greater effect on the Ca2+ transient than did an increase at low SR content. In conclusion, the effects of systolic Ca2+ on the Ca2+ current and Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange current provide a means to regulate SR Ca2+ content and thence the systolic Ca2+ transient.
Erbb4 Deletion from Fast-Spiking Interneurons Causes Schizophrenia-like Phenotypes
Authors: Isabel del Pino, Cristina García-Frigola, Nathalie Dehorter, Jorge R. Brotons-Mas, Efrén Alvarez-Salvado, María Martínez de Lagrán, Gabriele Ciceri, María Victoria Gabaldón, David Moratal, Mara Dierssen, Santiago Canals, Oscar Marín, Beatriz Rico
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Gastrin studies in gastric ulcer
Authors: M. G. Korman, C. Soveny, J. Hansky
Journal: Gut (1972)

Basal serum gastrin in 40 patients with benign gastric ulcer was 103 +/- 10.7 pg/ml, a level significantly higher than corresponding estimations in normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer. Following stimulation by a protein meal, a mean rise of 124 pg/ml was achieved at 75 minutes and prior atropinization induced a rise of 208 pg/ml at 90 minutes. Insulin hypoglycaemia produced a rise of 63 pg/ml which was not significantly changed with concomitant neutralization of gastric contents. These results suggest that patients with gastric ulcer have higher basal gastrin levels than normal and this is probably related to the lowered antral acidity. In addition, the protein meal and insulin hypoglycaemia responses suggest an increased antral G cell mass and the possibility of additional gastrin release from sites outside the antrum. It is doubtful whether the relative hypergastrinaemia has an aetiological role in gastric ulcer but it may have a role in the maintenance of gastric ulcer.
Acute compartment syndrome of the thigh after weight training.
Authors: J P Bidwell, C E Gibbons, S Godsiff
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

Compartment syndrome of the thigh is a rare but serious condition that is normally associated with closed trauma or compressive injury. A case of acute compartment syndrome of the thigh occurred in a 16 year old boy after intensive weight training. There was no evidence of muscle tear or focal haemorrhage during subsequent fasciotomy.
Perimenopausal risk factors and future health
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2011)

Lifestyle changes around the time of menopause have the potential to impact on morbidity and eventual mortality. Here we review this topic to identify how such changes may improve health at perimenopause and beyond.Searches were performed in Medline and other databases. Each subject summary was presented to the ESHRE Workshop Group, where omissions or disagreements were resolved by discussion.Body weight increases because the decline in physical activity during the perimenopause is greater than the concomitant decline in energy intake. It is imperative to stop smoking before menopause because the risk of acute myocardial infarction rises sharply thereafter. Cardiovascular events can be reduced by managing risk factors, such as hypertension and increased lipids and body weight. Breast cancer risk is increased to a similar extent by hormone use, decreased physical activity, increased calorie intake and alcohol use, all reflecting lifestyle decisions. Smoking, alcohol and exercise may increase or decrease risk of aging brain disorders, especially dementia and Parkinson's disease, while stress is consistently associated with increased risk and a prudent diet is consistently associated with reduced risk. Osteoarthritis frequency increases after 50 years of age and risk is elevated 3-fold by obesity, while risk of osteoporosis can be minimized by smoking cessation, adequate vitamin D intake and regular weight-bearing exercise.Lifestyle changes around the time of the perimenopause can reduce the likelihood and severity of heart disease and chronic illness in later years and the cost of care of elderly women.
Effective Population Size Is Positively Correlated with Levels of Adaptive Divergence among Annual Sunflowers
Authors: J. L. Strasburg, N. C. Kane, A. R. Raduski, A. Bonin, R. Michelmore, L. H. Rieseberg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2010)

The role of adaptation in the divergence of lineages has long been a central question in evolutionary biology, and as multilocus sequence data sets have become available for a wide range of taxa, empirical estimates of levels of adaptive molecular evolution are increasingly common. Estimates vary widely among taxa, with high levels of adaptive evolution in Drosophila, bacteria, and viruses but very little evidence of widespread adaptive evolution in hominids. Although estimates in plants are more limited, some recent work has suggested that rates of adaptive evolution in a range of plant taxa are surprisingly low and that there is little association between adaptive evolution and effective population size in contrast to patterns seen in other taxa. Here, we analyze data from 35 loci for six sunflower species that vary dramatically in effective population size. We find that rates of adaptive evolution are positively correlated with effective population size in these species, with a significant fraction of amino acid substitutions driven by positive selection in the species with the largest effective population sizes but little or no evidence of adaptive evolution in species with smaller effective population sizes. Although other factors likely contribute as well, in sunflowers effective population size appears to be an important determinant of rates of adaptive evolution.
Haptoglobin halts hemoglobin’s havoc
Authors: Gregory J. Kato
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Hemoglobin (Hb) is crucial to the function of the red blood cell. However, when it is released during intravascular hemolysis from the cell into blood plasma, it produces a state of NO depletion, oxidant stress, and vascular dysfunction, including hypertension. In their study reported in this issue of the JCI, Boretti and colleagues used canine and guinea pig models to demonstrate that pharmacological doses of glucocorticoid can increase the plasma levels of haptoglobin (Hp), the principal plasma-binding protein for free Hb (see the related article beginning on page 2271). Hp prevented Hb-induced hypertension and the generation of oxidant damage to the kidney. Neutralization of free Hb appears to be part of the downstream antiinflammatory properties of glucocorticoid.
Growth and development of human fetal trachea and lung in immune-deprived mice.
Authors: L M Cobb
Journal: Thorax (1975)

Trachea and lung parenchyma from human fetuses were transplanted subcutaneously into immune-deprived mice. After seven to 10 weeks they were removed for histological examination. It was found that the tissues continued to grow and develop along similar lines to those which they would have followed in utero.
Thoracentesis: The Plan of Continuous Aspiration
Authors: F. C. Hewett
Journal: BMJ (1876)

says, "had Dr. Black been acquainted with these, he would find that the 'facts' he adopts as his premises have been long since proved by direct experiment not to occur during asphyxia".But what are these direct experiments which controvert my facts?He thus refers to them: " thus the blood may been seen in the opened thorax to pass freely through the lungs for some time after the respira- tory movements have ceased, etc."I have italicised the word "opened", for the whole gist of the controversy lies here.My reviewer, like many others (I will not impute this to Dr. Johnson), seems to think and believe that what takes place in the openze( thorax, must necessarily
Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model to Study Renal Development and Disease
Authors: Maureen M. Barr
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has no kidney per se, yet "the worm" has proved to be an excellent model to study renal-related issues, including tubulogenesis of the excretory canal, membrane transport and ion channel function, and human genetic diseases including autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The goal of this review is to explain how C. elegans has provided insight into cilia development, cilia function, and human cystic kidney diseases.