tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Chromosomal Polysomy in Oral Leukoplakia, a Premalignant Lesion
Authors: J. S. Lee, S. Y. Kim, W. K. Hong, S. M. Lippman, J. Y. Ro, M. L. Gay, W. N. Hittelman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Detection of Chromosomal Polysomy in Oral Leukoplakia, a Premalignant Lesion Get access Jin S. Lee, Jin S. Lee Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston Correspondence to : Jin S. Lee, M.D., The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Box 80, Houston, TX 77030. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sun Y. Kim, Sun Y. Kim Department of Clinical Investigation, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Waun K. Hong, Waun K. Hong Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Scott M. Lippman, Scott M. Lippman Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jae Y. Ro, Jae Y. Ro Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marion L. Gay, Marion L. Gay Department of Clinical Investigation, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter N. Hittelman Walter N. Hittelman Department of Clinical Investigation, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston * See “Notes” section following “References.”. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 23, 1 December 1993, Pages 1951–1954, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.23.1951 Published: 01 December 1993 Article history Received: 26 April 1993 Revision received: 24 August 1993 Accepted: 01 September 1993 Published: 01 December 1993
Recombinant DNA technology in the study of ion channels
Authors: Toni Claudio
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (1986)

Molecular biological techniques have allowed more questions regarding the structure and function of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to be addressed. Toni Claudio describes the progress that has been made in characterizing the receptor-channel complex as regards subunit assembly and expression and explains how cDNA probes can be used to identify receptor subtypes and monitor receptor levels during development. Functional - biochemical and pharmacological - techniques are required to validate the information gained from cloning techniques; pharmacologists are far from being redundant!
Risk factors for fatality in Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia cases, England, 2012–2013
Authors: Gavin Dabrera, Anna Vickers, Philip Conaglen, Iro Evlampidou, Theresa Lamagni, Nandini Shetty, Neville Verlander, Robert Hill, Maya Gobin, Rachel Campbell, Hongxin Zhao, Alan Johnson, Joanna Ellis, Angie Lackenby, Bruno Pichon, Isabel Oliver, Angela Kearns, Richard Pebody
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Experts call for greater regulation of deep brain stimulation
Authors: K. Chinthapalli
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Deep brain stimulation needs more regulation, concludes a new report by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics.1

Among a number of recommendations, the report advocates that the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency assesses not only the safety and performance of the stimulation device but also the overall effectiveness of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of diseases.

It also calls for independent counselling for all patients before consent and a publicly accessible register of clinical experiences and outcomes.

At a press briefing Maria Fitzgerald, professor of developmental neurobiology …
The effect of ovariectomy on gonadotropin release
Authors: S. S. C. Yen, C. C. Tsai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The sequential changes in the concentration and pattern of circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)(1) following bilateral ovariectomy were determined in 10 premenopausal women. The initial (1st wk) and delayed (3 wk) secretory responses of serum LH and FSH as related to the phases of the menstrual cycle were examined. Ovariectomy during follicular phase was accompanied by a prompt and much greater rise in both LH and FSH during the 1st wk. This rapid rise was followed by a transient decline between the 7th and 10th day which resulted in a biphasic pattern. In contrast, a slower and progressive rise in serum LH and FSH was observed in subjects ovariectomized during luteal phase of the cycle. The quantitative secretion (area under the curve) during the 1st wk after ovariectomy was significantly greater in patients operated on during the follicular phase than during the luteal phase for both LH (P < 0.05) and FSH (P < 0.01). Thereafter, a similar pattern of gonadotropin rise was observed for patients ovariectonized during either phase of the cycle and reached a plateau by the end of the 3rd wk. At this time, the mean LH concentration increased 6-fold for follicular phase surgery and 8-fold for luteal phase surgery. The mean serum FSH concentration increased 8-fold for follicular phase surgery and 12-fold for luteal phase surgery. The net increase in serum FSH level was higher than that in the serum LH level after surgery in both phases of the cycle and thus a reversal of FSH/LH ratio occurred. These data provide indirect evidence that the phase of ovarian steroid secretion may exert a quantitative influence on the gonadotropin turnover rate within the hypothalamic-pituitary system. The augmented gonadotropin release and the reversal of FSH/LH ratio following ovariectomy presumably could be due to an increased gonadotropin net synthesis which is more pronounced for FSH than for LH.
Hearing requires otoferlin-dependent efficient replenishment of synaptic vesicles in hair cells
Authors: Tina Pangršič, Livia Lasarow, Kirsten Reuter, Hideki Takago, Martin Schwander, Dietmar Riedel, Thomas Frank, Lisa M Tarantino, Janice S Bailey, Nicola Strenzke, Nils Brose, Ulrich Müller, Ellen Reisinger, Tobias Moser
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2010)
Confucius School of Medicine: the way to great learning
Authors: C. L K Lam
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The Christmas issue contains three people's description of their ideal medical school.

Read the descriptions:

View the results of the voting

Tell us why you voted the way you did

Read what others have had to say

The way to great knowledge is to understand virtue … the emperor as well as an ordinary man must first develop self discipline, said Confucius—and this applies to future doctors as well

It was the last day of the semester before Christmas. I woke up in high spirits, ready for a full day of teaching, with a seminar in the morning and an outpatient consultation session in the afternoon.

As my car turned into the road leading to the Medical Faculty, a student talking on his mobile phone jumped out in front of my car. Luckily I braked without hitting him. I was sweating from the fright but he continued as if nothing had happened. I wondered how effective he would be in counselling his patients about avoiding risk taking behaviour.

I barely recovered from the shock and hurried to the seminar. I opened the door to a lecture theatre that was as noisy as the bird market in town and saw in front of me a bunch of kids chatting, laughing, shouting, eating, and running around. I had to shout to introduce our guest speaker, who then struggled to deliver her talk as students continued to chat, come in late, and go out to answer their telephones. The seminar ended and all the students rushed out before the speaker and I could get to the door. I explained that our medical school was …
Low dose aspirin helps prevent ischaemic stroke in women
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A large study examining the benefits of low dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women found no significant benefit in the reduction of heart attacks or death from cardiovascular causes, but a significant benefit in the reduction of ischaemic stroke. The findings, which were presented at the American College of Cardiology meeting in Florida this week, are available online (http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/NEJMoa050613) and will be published in the New England Journal of Medicine on 31 March.

The researchers randomised 39 876 healthy women aged 45 years or older to receive 100 mg of aspirin every other day, or placebo, and then monitored them for …
II.--THE PRACTITIONER
Authors: H. C. Jonas
Journal: BMJ (1929)

Brieflv, to review the various formns of propaganda enumierated above, the promotion of a " week to focis public attenitioni, etc.," has certainkl the advantage of objective appeal, and may be so organiized as to have ieal edutcationial value.On the other hand, it miay degenerate itoto a miiere " stunt," stimulating curiosity for a few days, 'ithiout aniy lastinig effect.It slhou1ld niot be made aa annuleal affair in any locality, as it is certain to become stereotyp)ed and monotonous.It miar have great value in s1all centres of population wlhere public opinion needs stimulation as to the necessity of progressive action towards thle adlvancernent of public health).-In large ce-i tres of ol)illatioll, where adm-ninistration is already highly orgoan- i;edl ain(l )rogressive, it is unnecessary, andl bas the grave
Clonal tracing of Sox9<sup>+</sup>liver progenitors in mouse oval cell injury
Authors: Branden D. Tarlow, Milton J. Finegold, Markus Grompe
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Proliferating ducts, termed "oval cells," have long been thought to be bipotential, that is, produce both biliary ducts and hepatocytes during chronic liver injury. The precursor to oval cells is considered to be a facultative liver stem cell (LSC). Recent lineage tracing experiments indicated that the LSC is SRY-related HMG box transcription factor 9 postive (Sox9+) and can replace the bulk of hepatocyte mass in several settings. However, no clonal relationship between Sox9+ cells and the two epithelial liver lineages was established. We labeled Sox9+ mouse liver cells at low density with a multicolor fluorescent confetti reporter. Organoid formation validated the progenitor activity of the labeled population. Sox9+ cells were traced in multiple oval cell injury models using both histology and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Surprisingly, only rare clones containing both hepatocytes and oval cells were found in any experiment. Quantitative analysis showed that Sox9+ cells contributed only minimally (<1%) to the hepatocyte pool, even in classic oval cell injury models. In contrast, clonally marked mature hepatocytes demonstrated the ability to self-renew in all classic mouse oval cell activation injuries. A hepatocyte chimera model to trace hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells also demonstrated the prevalence of hepatocyte-driven regeneration in mouse oval cell injury models. Conclusion: Sox9+ ductal progenitor cells give rise to clonal oval cell proliferation and bipotential organoids, but rarely produce hepatocytes in vivo. Hepatocytes themselves are the predominant source of new parenchyma cells in prototypical mouse models of oval cell activation. (Hepatology 2014;60:278–289)
The Cellular Basis of Metabolic Bone Disease
Authors: Howard Rasmussen, Philippe Bordier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

TO a generation of physicians brought up with an Albrightian view of metabolic bone disease,1 bone turnover or remodeling was a consequence of the activities of osteoblasts (formation) and osteoclasts (resorption) on the bone surface. These two cell types were thought to cover the metabolically active bone surfaces and were considered the sites of action of such hormones as the parathyroid hormone. Of especial import, these cells were thought to be rather randomly distributed over the bone surface, particularly the endosteal bone surfaces of trabecular and haversian bone, and to represent independent sites of skeletal metabolism.It has generally been . . .
Responsiveness of the coronary circulation to brief vs sustained alpha-adrenergic stimulation.
Authors: D O Williams, A S Most
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The effects of brief and sustained pharmacologic alpha-adrenergic stimulation on the coronary arterial circulation were compared in awake pigs. Phenylephrine was administered into the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) either as a bolus (eight pigs) or as a 15-minute infusion (eight pigs), with myocardial blood flow measured by the radioactive microsphere technique. Flow in the distribution in the LAD was compared with flow in myocardium perfused by the left circumflex coronary artery (LCF) as the ratio LAD/LCF. This technique corrects for systemic factors capable of modifying oxygen demand, and hence myocardial blood flow, in both zones. After a phenylephrine bolus (50-100 microgram), LAD/LCF fell significantly, whereas no change was observed after the sustained infusion (5-10 and 50-100 microgram/min). Four additional pigs were pretreated with i.v. adenosine to raise myocardial blood flow in excess of demand before sustained stimulation. In this setting LAD/LCF fell significantly during the sustained phenylephrine infusion. Brief alpha-adrenergic stimulation could overcome normal flow regulatory mechanisms and resulted in constriction of coronary resistance vessels. Such changes did not occur after sustained stimulation and suggest an ability of the coronary circulation to offset chronic vasoconstrictive effects. When the myocardium is overperfused, sustained alpha-adrenergic stimulation does not jeopardize myocardial oxygenation and its vasoconstriction potential is unmasked.
Applications of Condensed Dynamic Images
Authors: HERBERT A. KLEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

In appropriate cases, information from a dynamic series of nuclear images may be condensed into a single image with one spatial and one temporal dimension. A useful elaboration of the method consists of the masking out of undesired spatial regions. The versatility of such condensed dynamic images is illustrated by examples derived from gastroesophageal and pulmonary studies. Advantages of the method include obviating the need to examine and comprehend multiple images as well as enabling economical archiving of image data. Its diagnostic potential is particularly evident in esophageal transit and infant gastroesophageal reflux studies.
Outcomes of Laparoscopic vs Open Repair of Primary Ventral Hernias
Authors: Mike K. Liang, Rachel L. Berger, Linda T. Li, Jessica A. Davila, Stephanie C. Hicks, Lillian S. Kao
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

More primary ventral hernias (PVHs) are being repaired using the technique of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR). Few studies exist comparing the outcomes of LVHR with the outcomes of open ventral hernia repair (OVHR) for PVHs. We hypothesize that LVHR of PVHs is associated with fewer surgical site infections (SSIs) but more hernia recurrences and more clinical cases of bulging (bulging not associated with recurrence or seroma).To compare the outcomes of patients who underwent LVHR with the outcomes of patients who underwent OVHR.Retrospective study of 532 consecutive patients who underwent an elective PVH repair at a single institution from 2000 to 2010. The outcomes of the 2 procedures were compared using 2 statistical methods. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between outcomes and several independent factors, adjusting for treatment propensity, and the outcomes in the 2 groups of patients were compared using paired univariate analysis.Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center in Houston, Texas.Seventy-nine patients who underwent LVHR and 79 patients who underwent OVHR.The primary outcomes of interest were SSI, hernia recurrence, and bulging. The 2 groups of patients were matched by hernia size, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, age, and body mass index.There were 91 patients who underwent an LVHR and 167 patients who underwent an OVHR with mesh, with a median follow-up period of 56 months (range, 1-156 months). Seventy-nine patients with an LVHR were matched to 79 patients with an OVHR. No significant differences in demographic data or confounding factors were detected between the 2 groups. Compared with OVHR, LVHR was significantly associated with fewer SSIs (7.6% vs 34.1%; P < .01) but more clinical cases of bulging (21.5% vs 1.3%; P < .01) and port-site hernia (2.5% vs 0.0%). No differences in recurrence at the site of the hernia repair were observed (11.4% vs 11.4%; P = .99). Propensity score-matched multivariate analysis corroborated that LVHR is associated with more clinical cases of bulging but fewer SSIs.Compared with OVHR of PVHs, LVHR of PVHs is associated with fewer SSIs but more clinical cases of bulging and with the risk of developing a port-site hernia. Further study is needed to clarify the role of LVHR of PVHs and to mitigate the risk of port-site hernia and bulging.
Fever: Blessing or Curse? A Unifying Hypothesis
Authors: Philip A. Mackowiak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Considerable data indicate that fever and its mediators have the capacity both to potentiate and to inhibit resistance to infection.It is difficult to reconcile these apparently contradictory observations if they are viewed solely from the standpoint of the individual. However, when viewed from the perspective of the species, both fever's salutary effects on mild to moderately severe infections and its pernicious influence on fulminating infections become teleologically plausible. If one accepts preservation of the species, rather than survival of the individual, as the essence of evolution, fever and its mediators might have evolved as mechanisms both for accelerating recovery of individuals from localized or mild to moderately severe systemic infections in the interest of continued propagation of the species and for hastening the elimination of fulminantly infected individuals who pose a threat of epidemic disease to the species.
Abstract 2751: Wnt/β-catenin regulates the expression of MGMT through TCF/LEF transcription: new strategy for DNA alkylators in cancer therapy.
Authors: Malin Wickström, Ninib Baryawno, Cecilia Dyberg, Jelena Milosevic, Baldur Sveinbjörnsson, Paul A. Northcott, Michael Taylor, Marcel Kool, Per Kogner, John I. Johnsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA repair protein that protects DNA from the biological effects of alkylating agents. MGMT has been implicated in resistance to alkylating drugs such as temozolomide used in the clinic against brain tumors. Temozolomide has been shown to be ineffective in tumors expressing elevated levels of MGMT. Finding agents that induce MGMT deficiency and increase the susceptibility to alkylating chemotherapeutic agents is highly warranted. Methods: The correlation between Wnt activity and MGMT expression was investigated in primary medulloblastomas, gliomas and colon cancer using gene expression cohorts. Cell lines from medulloblastomas, gliomas, colon cancer and neuroblastomas were examined for Wnt/β-catenin activity and MGMT expression using immunoblotting and real-time RT-PCR. siRNA against β-catenin, forced overexpression of β-catenin, and MGMT promotor reporter plasmids were used to study β-catenin mediated regulation on MGMT. Cell cytotoxicity and clonogenicity of chemotherapeutic drugs in combination with celecoxib were examined in cell lines using fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay and clonogenic assay, respectively. In vivo, nude NMRI mice carrying xenografts were treated with celecoxib in combination with temozolomide. Results: Wnt signaling activity was shown to be correlated to increased MGMT expression levels both in primary tumors and cell lines. Transfection experiments revealed that β-catenin regulates MGMT expression. The clinically available COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib augmented the cytotoxic effect of temozolomide in cells with elevated MGMT expression through a reduction of Wnt/β-catenin activity and a subsequent reduction in MGMT expression. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that celecoxib reduces the transcription of the MGMT gene through a prostaglandin E2-Wnt/β-catenin route and thus increases the susceptibility to temozolomide. These finding are the first reported that Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates the expression of MGMT and thus provides a rational approach for improved efficacy of temozolomide therapy in the treatment of medulloblastoma and other cancers. Citation Format: Malin Wickström, Ninib Baryawno, Cecilia Dyberg, Jelena Milosevic, Baldur Sveinbjörnsson, Paul A. Northcott, Michael Taylor, Marcel Kool, Per Kogner, John I. Johnsen. Wnt/β-catenin regulates the expression of MGMT through TCF/LEF transcription: new strategy for DNA alkylators in cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2751. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2751
Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactic Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in Bacterial Meningitis and Viral Meningoencephalitis.
Authors: Harry Beaty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactic Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in Bacterial Meningitis and Viral Meningoencephalitis.Harry Beaty, M.D., Stephen Oppenheimer, M.D.Harry Beaty, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Stephen Oppenheimer, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1174_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptGranulocytes are rich in lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes 4 and 5, whereas 1 and 2 predominate in brain tissue. Measurement of total LDH and isoenzyme patterns was undertaken to provide an assessment of the degree of inflammation and its significance in bacterial and viral meningitis. Specimens of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained from 11 patients with bacterial meningitis and 9 patients with viral meningoencephalitis, and total and isoenzyme concentrations of LDH were determined. The peak level of LDH in the CSF of patients withHaemophilus influenzaeandDiplococcus pneumoniaemeningitis ranged from 119 to 243 units, whereas in patients infected... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Harry Beaty, M.D.; Stephen Oppenheimer, M.D.Affiliations: Seattle, Washington PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1174-1174KeywordsBacterial meningitisCerebrospinal fluidColony stimulating factorDehydrogenasesHaemophilus influenzaeInflammationLactate dehydrogenaseMeningitisMeningoencephalitisPneumonia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...