tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder in Veterans of Operation Desert Storm
Authors: Seth R. Axelrod, C. Andrew Morgan, Steven M. Southwick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: The present report is part of a follow-along investigation focusing on the evolution of trauma-related symptoms in veterans of Operation Desert Storm. The goal of the current report was to examine three hypotheses on the relationship between severity of war-related trauma, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and symptoms of borderline personality disorder with a mixed retrospective/prospective design. METHOD: Ninety-four National Guard reservists completed self-administered measures of combat-related trauma, PTSD symptoms, and borderline personality disorder features after their Gulf War duty. RESULTS: Consistent with study hypotheses, prewar features of borderline personality disorder predicted variability in postwar PTSD symptoms beyond that predicted by combat exposure, combat exposure predicted variability in postwar features of borderline personality disorder, and PTSD severity assessed shortly after combat exposure accounted for additional variability in subsequent features of borderline personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the present findings suggest that trauma, symptoms of PTSD, and features of borderline personality disorder are related to one another in a complex fashion that may exceed simple linear models. Clinical and research implications for the relationships among trauma, PTSD, and borderline personality disorder are discussed.
Purified interleukin 5 supports the terminal differentiation and proliferation of murine eosinophilic precursors.
Authors: Y Yamaguchi, T Suda, J Suda, M Eguchi, Y Miura, N Harada, A Tominaga, K Takatsu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Using a clonal culture system, we investigated the hemopoietic effects of purified recombinant IL-5 obtained from conditioned media of transfected Xenopus oocytes. IL-5 alone acted on untreated bone marrow cells and supported the formation of a small number of colonies, all of which were predominantly eosinophilic. However, it did not support colony formation by spleen cells from 5-FU-treated mice, in which only primitive stem cells had survived, while IL-3 and G-CSF did. Eosinophil-containing colonies were formed from these cells in the presence of IL-5 and G-CSF together. In contrast, G-CSF alone did not support any eosinophil colonies. The eosinophilopoietic effect of IL-5 was dose-dependent, and was neutralized specifically by anti-IL-5 antibody. To exclude the possibility of interactions with accessory cells in the same culture dish, we replated a small number (200 cells/dish) of enriched hemopoietic progenitors, obtained from blast cell colonies, which were formed by cultivation of spleen cells from 5-FU-treated mice in the presence of IL-3 or G-CSF. From these replated blast cells, eosinophil colonies were induced in dishes containing IL-5 but not in those containing G-CSF alone. From these findings, it was concluded that IL-5 did not act on primitive hemopoietic cells, but on blast cells induced by IL-3 or G-CSF. IL-5 specifically facilitated the terminal differentiation and proliferation of eosinophils. In this respect, the role of IL-5 in eosinophilopoiesis seems to be analogous to erythropoietin, which promotes the terminal differentiation and amplification of erythroid cells. Moreover, IL-5 maintained the viability of mature eosinophils obtained from peritoneal exudate cells of the mice infected with parasites, indicating mature functional eosinophils carried IL-5 receptors. The synergistic effects of IL-5 and colony-stimulating factors on the expansion of eosinophils is supposed to contribute to the urgent mobilization of eosinophils at the time of helminthic infections and allergic responses.
Efficacy, safety and patient-reported outcomes of combination etanercept and sulfasalazine versus etanercept alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind randomised 2-year study
Authors: B Combe, C Codreanu, U Fiocco, M Gaubitz, P P Geusens, T K Kvien, K Pavelka, P N Sambrook, J S Smolen, R Khandker, A Singh, J Wajdula, S Fatenejad
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

To determine the efficacy and safety of etanercept and etanercept plus sulfasalazine versus sulfasalazine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite sulfasalazine therapy.Patients were randomly assigned to etanercept (25 mg twice weekly; sulfasalazine was discontinued at baseline), etanercept plus sulfasalazine (unchanged regimen of 2-3 g/day) or sulfasalazine in a double-blind, randomised, 2-year study in adult patients with active RA despite sulfasalazine therapy. Efficacy was assessed using the American College of Rheumatology criteria, disease activity scores (DAS) and patient-reported outcomes (PRO).Demographic variables and baseline disease characteristics were comparable among treatment groups; mean DAS 5.1, 5.2 and 5.1 for etanercept (n = 103), etanercept plus sulfasalazine (n = 101) and sulfasalazine (n = 50), respectively. Withdrawal due to lack of efficacy was highest with sulfasalazine (26 (52%) vs 6 (6%) for either etanercept group, p<0.001). Patients receiving etanercept or etanercept plus sulfasalazine had a more rapid initial response, which was sustained at 2 years, than those receiving sulfasalazine: mean DAS 2.8, 2.5 versus 4.5, respectively (p<0.05); ACR 20 response was achieved by 67%, 77% versus 34% of patients, respectively (p<0.01) Overall, PRO followed a similar pattern; a clinically significant improvement in health assessment questionnaire was achieved by 76%, 78% versus 40% of patients, respectively (p<0.01). Commonly reported adverse events occurring in the etanercept groups were injection site reactions and pharyngitis/laryngitis (p<0.01).Etanercept and etanercept plus sulfasalazine are efficacious for the long-term management of patients with RA. The addition of etanercept or substitution with etanercept should be considered as treatment options for patients not adequately responding to sulfasalazine.
Risk of thromboembolic diseases in men with prostate cancer: results from the population-based PCBaSe Sweden
Authors: Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Jan Adolfsson, Hans Garmo, Anna Bill-Axelson, Ola Bratt, Erik Ingelsson, Mats Lambe, Pär Stattin, Lars Holmberg
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2010)

BackgroundCancer is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic diseases, but data on the association between prostate cancer and thromboembolic diseases are scarce. We investigated the risk of thromboembolic disease in men with prostate cancer who were receiving endocrine treatment, curative treatment, or surveillance.MethodsWe analysed data from PCBaSe Sweden, a database based on the National Prostate Cancer Register, which covers over 96% of prostate cancer cases in Sweden. Standardised incidence ratios (SIR) of deep-venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and arterial embolism were calculated by comparing observed and expected (using the total Swedish male population) occurrences of thromboembolic disease, taking into account age, calendar-time, number of thromboembolic diseases, and time since previous thromboembolic disease.FindingsBetween Jan 1, 1997, and Dec 31, 2007, 30 642 men received primary endocrine therapy, 26 432 curative treatment, and 19 526 surveillance. 1881 developed a thromboembolic disease. For men on endocrine therapy, risks for DVT (SIR 2·48, 95% CI 2·25–2·73) and pulmonary embolism (1·95, 1·81–2·15) were increased, although this was not the case for arterial embolism (1·00, 0·82–1·20). Similar patterns were seen for men who received curative treatment (DVT: 1·73, 1·47–2·01; pulmonary embolism: 2·03, 1·79–2·30; arterial embolism: 0·95, 0·69–1·27) and men who were on surveillance (DVT: 1·27, 1·08–1·47; pulmonary embolism: 1·57, 1·38–1·78; arterial embolism: 1·08, 0·87–1·33). Increased risks for thromboembolic disease were maintained when patients were stratified by age and tumour stage.InterpretationAll men with prostate cancer were at higher risk of thromboembolic diseases, with the highest risk for those on endocrine therapy. Our results indicate that prostate cancer itself, prostate cancer treatments, and selection mechanisms all contribute to increased risk of thromboembolic disease. Thromboembolic disease should be a concern when managing patients with prostate cancer.FundingSwedish Research Council, Stockholm Cancer Society, and Cancer Research UK.
Acitretin does not prevent psoriasis relapse related to cyclosporin A topering
Authors: D. Salomon, J. Mesheit, E. Masgrau-Peya, R. Feldmann, J-H. Saurat
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Acitretin does not prevent psoriasis relapse related to cyclosporin A topering Get access D. Salomon, D. Salomon Department of Dermatology, University Canton Hospital, 1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Mesheit, J. Mesheit Department of Dermatology, University Canton Hospital, 1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Masgrau‐Peya, E. Masgrau‐Peya Department of Dermatology, University Canton Hospital, 1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Feldmann, R. Feldmann Department of Dermatology, University Canton Hospital, 1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J‐H. Saurat J‐H. Saurat Department of Dermatology, University Canton Hospital, 1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 2, 1 February 1994, Pages 257–258, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb02912.x Published: 01 February 1994
Evidence-based (S3) guideline on topical corticosteroids in pregnancy
Authors: C.-C. Chi, G. Kirtschig, W. Aberer, J.-P. Gabbud, J. Lipozenčić, S. Kárpáti, U.-F. Haustein, T. Zuberbier, F. Wojnarowska
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Women with skin conditions may need topical corticosteroids during pregnancy. However, little is known about the effects of topical corticosteroids on the fetus. A guideline subcommittee of the European Dermatology Forum was organized to develop an evidence-based guideline on the use of topical corticosteroids in pregnancy (http://www.euroderm.org/edf/images/stories/guidelines/EDF-Guideline-on-Steroids-in-Pregnancy.pdf). The evidence from a Cochrane Review suggested that the major possible adverse effects on the fetus of topical corticosteroids were orofacial clefts when used preconceptionally and in the first trimester of pregnancy, and fetal growth restriction when very potent topical corticosteroids were used during pregnancy. To obtain robust evidence, a large population-based cohort study (on 84,133 pregnant women from the U.K. General Practice Research Database) was performed, which found a significant association of fetal growth restriction with maternal exposure to potent/very potent topical corticosteroids, but not with mild/moderate topical corticosteroids. No associations of maternal exposure to topical corticosteroids of any potency with orofacial cleft, preterm delivery and fetal death were found. Moreover, another recent Danish cohort study did not support a causal association between topical corticosteroid and orofacial cleft. The current best evidence suggests that mild/moderate topical corticosteroids are preferred to potent/very potent ones in pregnancy, because of the associated risk of fetal growth restriction with the latter.
Cytokines and angiogenic factors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with interferon-α: association of pretreatment serum levels with survival
Authors: A.J. Montero, C.M. Diaz-Montero, R.E. Millikan, J. Liu, K.-A. Do, S. Hodges, E. Jonasch, B.W. McIntyre, P. Hwu, N. Tannir
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
National Surveillance of Emergency Department Visits for Outpatient Adverse Drug Events
Authors: Daniel S. Budnitz, Daniel A. Pollock, Kelly N. Weidenbach, Aaron B. Mendelsohn, Thomas J. Schroeder, Joseph L. Annest
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Adverse drug events are common and often preventable causes of medical injuries. However, timely, nationally representative information on outpatient adverse drug events is limited.To describe the frequency and characteristics of adverse drug events that lead to emergency department visits in the United States.Active surveillance from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2005, through the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project.National estimates of the numbers, population rates, and severity (measured by hospitalization) of individuals with adverse drug events treated in emergency departments.Over the 2-year study period, 21,298 adverse drug event cases were reported, producing weighted annual estimates of 701,547 individuals (95% confidence interval [CI], 509,642-893,452) or 2.4 individuals per 1000 population (95% CI, 1.7-3.0) treated in emergency departments. Of these cases, 3487 individuals required hospitalization (annual estimate, 117,318 [16.7%]; 95% CI, 13.1%-20.3%). Adverse drug events accounted for 2.5% (95% CI, 2.0%-3.1%) of estimated emergency department visits for all unintentional injuries and 6.7% (95% CI, 4.7%-8.7%) of those leading to hospitalization and accounted for 0.6% of estimated emergency department visits for all causes. Individuals aged 65 years or older were more likely than younger individuals to sustain adverse drug events (annual estimate, 4.9 vs 2.0 per 1000; rate ratio [RR], 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.0) and more likely to require hospitalization (annual estimate, 1.6 vs 0.23 per 1000; RR, 6.8; 95% CI, 4.3-9.2). Drugs for which regular outpatient monitoring is used to prevent acute toxicity accounted for 41.5% of estimated hospitalizations overall (1381 cases; 95% CI, 30.9%-52.1%) and 54.4% of estimated hospitalizations among individuals aged 65 years or older (829 cases; 95% CI, 45.0%-63.7%).Adverse drug events among outpatients that lead to emergency department visits are an important cause of morbidity in the United States, particularly among individuals aged 65 years or older. Ongoing, population-based surveillance can help monitor these events and target prevention strategies.
Glutathione deficiency of the lower respiratory tract in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: K.M. Beeh, J. Beier, I.C. Haas, O. Kornmann, P. Micke, R. Buhl
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease of unknown aetiology. Increased oxidant burden and antioxidant, e.g. glutathione (GSH), deficiency in the lower respiratory tract have been thought to play a role in the progression of IPF. Sputum induction is a safe noninvasive tool to study inflammation in the respiratory tract. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the direct measurement of GSH in induced sputum supernatant. Sixteen IPF patients and 15 healthy, nonsmoking subjects underwent sputum induction. Total GSH in sputum, saliva and plasma was measured spectrophotometrically. Sputum GSH was decreased more then four-fold in IPF patients when compared to healthy subjects (mean GSH 1.4+/-0.34 microM versus 5.8+/-0.98 microM). Salivary GSH was generally low or undetectable in all subjects. Plasma GSH levels were lower in IPF patients (0.26+/-0.1 versus 0.74+/-0.16 microM). In IPF patients, there was a borderline correlation of sputum GSH levels with disease duration and lung-function impairment. These data confirm the established role of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and show the potential of induced sputum to directly study inflammatory processes and surrogate markers in interstitial lung diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
A Comparison of Diagnostic Imaging Ordering Patterns Between Advanced Practice Clinicians and Primary Care Physicians Following Office-Based Evaluation and Management Visits
Authors: Danny R. Hughes, Miao Jiang, Richard Duszak
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Little is known about the use of diagnostic testing, such as medical imaging, by advanced practice clinicians (APCs), specifically, nurse practitioners and physician assistants.To examine the use of diagnostic imaging ordered by APCs relative to that of primary care physicians (PCPs) following office-based encounters.Using 2010-2011 Medicare claims for a 5% sample of beneficiaries, we compared diagnostic imaging ordering between APC and PCP episodes of care, controlling for geographic variation, patient demographics, and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores. Provider specialty codes were used to identify PCPs and APCs (general practice, family practice, or internal medicine for PCP; nurse practitioner or physician assistant for APC). Episodes were constructed using evaluation and management (E&M) office visits without any claims 30 days prior to the index visit and (1) no claims at all within the subsequent 30 days; (2) no claims within the subsequent 30 days other than a single imaging event; or (3) claims for any nonimaging services in that subsequent 30-day period.The primary outcome was whether an imaging event followed a qualifying E&M visit.Advanced practice clinicians and PCPs ordered imaging in 2.8% and 1.9% episodes of care, respectively. In adjusted estimates and across all patient groups and imaging services, APCs were associated with more imaging than PCPs (odds ratio [OR], 1.34 [95% CI, 1.27-1.42]), ordering 0.3% more images per episode. Advanced practice clinicians were associated with increased radiography orders on both new (OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.13-1.66]) and established (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.24-1.43]) patients, ordering 0.3% and 0.2% more images per episode of care, respectively. For advanced imaging, APCs were associated with increased imaging on established patients (OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.14-1.44]), ordering 0.1% more images, but were not significantly different from PCPs ordering imaging on new patients.Advanced practice clinicians are associated with more imaging services than PCPs for similar patients during E&M office visits. Expanding the use of APCs may alleviate PCP shortages. While increased use of imaging appears modest for individual patients, this increase may have ramifications on care and overall costs at the population level.
Heat Shock Protein 90 Overexpression Independently Predicts Inferior Disease-Free Survival with Differential Expression of the α and β Isoforms in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Chien-Feng Li, Wen-Wei Huang, Jing-Mei Wu, Shih-Chen Yu, Tsung-Hui Hu, Yih-Huei Uen, Yu-Fang Tian, Ching-Nan Lin, David Lu, Fu-Min Fang, Hsuan-Ying Huang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors harbor a mutated KIT or PDGFRA receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a chaperone mediating the folding and stabilization of many oncoproteins, including KIT. An Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-AAG, can attenuate KIT activation and proliferation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell lines. We further evaluated Hsp90 immunoexpression and the difference between α and β isoforms in gastrointestinal stromal tumor specimens. Experimental Design: Hsp90 immunostain was assessable in 306 cases on tissue microarrays of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors and correlated with various variables and disease-free survival (DFS). RTK mutation variants, confirmed in 142 cases by sequencing with or without precedent denaturing high pressure liquid chromatography screening, were dichotomized into two prognostically different groups. Differential expression of transcript and protein isoforms was measured by real-time reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting in 16 and 6 cases, respectively. Results: Hsp90 overexpression (55%) significantly correlated with larger size, nongastric location, higher mitotic count and NIH risk level, Ki-67 overexpression (all P ≤ 0.001), and unfavorable RTK genotypes (P = 0.020). It strongly portended inferior DFS univariately (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and remained independent in multivariate analysis (P = 0.031; risk ratio, 2.44), along with high-risk category, Ki-67 overexpression, and old age. For both mRNA and protein, Hsp90β was more abundant than Hsp90α, whereas the latter was significantly higher in high-risk cases. Conclusions: Hsp90 overexpression represents a poor prognosticator that correlates with several adverse parameters, highlighting its role in disease progression and alternative therapy for high-risk, imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Hsp90α seems more relevant to the intrinsic aggressiveness of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, albeit less abundant than Hsp90β.
Colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: a cohort study of primary referrals from three centres.
Authors: S N Gyde, P Prior, R N Allan, A Stevens, D P Jewell, S C Truelove, R Lofberg, O Brostrom, G Hellers
Journal: Gut (1988)

A retrospective cohort of 823 patients with ulcerative colitis who resided at the time of diagnosis in one of three defined geographical areas (West Midlands region, Oxford region, England and Stockholm County, Sweden) was assembled. The patients were first seen at named hospitals in these areas and the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis established within five years of onset of symptoms between 1945-1965. All patients were 15 years of age or more at onset of disease and were followed for a minimum of 17 years and a maximum of 38 years. Ninety seven per cent completeness of follow up was achieved. Examining the colorectal cancer risk in the series relative to the risk in the general population by standardised morbidity ratios, there was an eight fold increased risk of cancer in the series as a whole. Dividing the series by extent of colitis, extensive colitis patients showed a 19 fold increase in risk. A four fold increased risk was shown in the remainder of the series (left sided colitis, proctitis and extent unknown). Life table analyses in extensive colitis gave cumulative risks of 7.2% (CI 3.6-10.8) at 20 years from onset of disease and 16.5% (CI 9.0-24.0) at 30 years from onset. No significant effect of age at onset, sex or referral centre could be detected. Examination of the data by interval from onset to cancer and by actual age at development of cancer suggests that patients who develop colorectal cancer will do so in a distribution around 50 years of age independent of duration of disease in adult onset ulcerative colitis (greater than 15 years at onset of disease). An inverse relationship was shown between age at onset of disease and interval from onset of disease to cancer. Further age specific rates for cancer increased up to 50 years and decreased thereafter. These results suggest that extensive colitis patients have a genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer and that longstanding inflammation is not of primary importance in the initiation/promotion of cancer in this disease.