tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Uptake of Technetium-99m Pertechnetate in a Patient with Metastases from Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: JEAN-F BOUVIER, ERIC YOU, JEAN-Y PEAU, JEAN-L CHASSARD, BADRE-E LAHNECHE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A 50-year-old man presented with a one-year history of a growing occipital mass. A biopsy specimen revealed a metastasis of an adenocarcinoma. A serum thyroglobulin level of 125 ng/ml was indicative of thyroid carcinoma. Despite normal palpation and I-131 thyroid scan with normal results, the patient was taken to surgery for a right total lobectomy, isthmusectomy, and left subtotal lobectomy. The pathologic report indicated a papillary follicular carcinoma. A total thyroidectomy was performed. A postsurgical radioiodine (I-131) whole-body scan showed multiple scattered metastases. He was subsequently given three ablative doses of 3700, 4440, and 4662 MBq of I-131, resulting in remission after eleven months. Before the third ablative dose was administered, a whole-body scan was performed 10 minutes after injection of 370 MBq of Tc-99m pertechnetate. Another whole-body scan was done five days after the administration of 4662 MBq of I-131. The two scans showed multiples metastases, but comparison between the two images showed Tc-99m pertechnetate to be the superior imaging agent. The authors underline the potential role of Tc-99m pertechnetate imaging in the search for metastatic disease of thyroid carcinoma.
Deletion of Yin Yang 1 Protein in Osteosarcoma Cells on Cell Invasion and CXCR4/Angiogenesis and Metastasis
Authors: Filomena de Nigris, Raffaele Rossiello, Concetta Schiano, Claudio Arra, Sharon Williams-Ignarro, Antonio Barbieri, Alessandro Lanza, Antonio Balestrieri, Maria Teresa Giuliano, Louis J. Ignarro, Claudio Napoli
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract We know that the Yin Yang 1 protein (YY1) overexpression is positively and strongly correlated with the degree of malignancy of bone tumors. Therefore, we questioned whether we could influence cell invasiveness by deleting YY1 in human osteosarcoma cells (SaOs-2), as tested in Matrigel-coated filters and metastasis implantation of such osteosarcoma cells in vivo, by serial analysis with nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, we focused our work on the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its inhibition by T22 antibody, as well as on systemic (direct in vivo assay) and computer-assisted imaging of angiogenesis-related metastasis. Results showed that cell invasiveness and metastasis implantation by wild-type SaOs-2 cells, as evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry, are associated with up-regulation of CXCR4 expression, which in turn was significantly reduced by T22. In addition, deletion of YY1 (siRNAYY1-SaOs-2) induced a significant decrease of cell invasion and metastasis growth. This phenomenon was associated with decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/angiogenesis and a complex rearrangement of the gene expression profile as evaluated by microarray analysis. In conclusion, YY1 and VEGF/CXCR4 seem to intervene in the pathogenesis of the malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma by acting on cell invasiveness and metastasis growth. [Cancer Res 2008;68(6):1797–808]
Survival and Conservative Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gregory Swanson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The medical community should focus on how the study by Dr Albertsen and colleagues 1 translates into clinical practice, ie, what information it provides for a patient deciding on treatment options today. Our first concern is how applicable these findings are to today's patient with localized prostate cancer. Although a population-based study tends to minimize selection bias, the authors did not study all men with clinically localized disease, only those managed conservatively. In the absence of a reference group (in this case, patients treated with surgery or radiation therapy), the authors chose a general population estimate of life expectancy. They report only the historical survival of selected patients who had opted, for unspecified reasons, for conservative management. Today's clinician and patient, therefore, cannot use this information to compare the expected survival with or without treatment.  Second, it is not known if tumors identified in the 1970s are
Providing clean drinking water in schools encourages attendance, study finds
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Providing safe drinking water to children in schools can substantially increase school attendance in developing countries, new research carried out in Cambodia indicates.1

Paul Hunter, a clinical professor at the Norwich School of Medicine at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, and colleagues did a quasi-experimental longitudinal study of absenteeism at eight schools in Cambodia. Four schools were provided with one 20 L container of drinking water a day, which was treated with filtration and ultraviolet disinfection. The other four schools were not provided with safe and …
CONTEMPORANEOUS EXPERIENCES WITH OPPOSING STRATEGIES FOR SEVERE CONGENITAL AORTIC STENOSIS IN TWO CENTRES OVER THREE DECADES: SURGICAL VALVULOPLASTY VERSUS BALLOON VALVOTOMY
Authors: Jonathan Forsey, Edward Hickey, Lee Benson, Marcus Haw, James Monro, Gruschen Veldtman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Mild trifunctional protein deficiency is associated with progressive neuropathy and myopathy and suggests a novel genotype-phenotype correlation.
Authors: J A Ibdah, I Tein, C Dionisi-Vici, M J Bennett, L IJlst, B Gibson, R J Wanders, A W Strauss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Human mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TFP) is a heterooctamer of four alpha- and four beta-subunits that catalyzes three steps in the beta-oxidation spiral of long-chain fatty acids. TFP deficiency causes a Reye-like syndrome, cardiomyopathy, or sudden, unexpected death. We delineated the molecular basis for TFP deficiency in two patients with a unique phenotype characterized by chronic progressive polyneuropathy and myopathy without hepatic or cardiac involvement. Single-stranded conformation variance and nucleotide sequencing identified all patient mutations in exon 9 of the alpha-subunit. One patient is homozygous for the T845A mutation that substitutes aspartic acid for valine at residue 246. The second patient is a compound heterozygote for the T914A that substitutes asparagine for isoleucine at residue 269 and a C871T that creates a premature termination at residue 255. Allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization studies revealed undetectable levels of the mRNA corresponding to the mutant allele carrying the termination codon. This study suggests a novel genotype-phenotype correlation in TFP deficiency; that is, mutations in exon 9 of the alpha-subunit, which encodes a linker domain between the NH2-terminal hydratase and the COOH-terminal 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, result in a unique neuromuscular phenotype.
A NEW PLASTER KNIFE
Authors: Herman B. Philips
Journal: JAMA (1924)

This knife is designed to facilitate the cutting down of plaster casts and comprises a handle, shaft, removable standardized blades, and a hand rest for pressure on the blades, an eight pointed revolving wheel on the under surface of the shaft, and a pick at the end of the handle. The accompanying illustration shows the parts of the knife individually and assembled for operation. Two knife blades operate parallel to each other at one end of the knife, with their beveled edges away from each other. They serve to cut a strip of plaster, thus obviating any possibility of jamming of the knife blades, which is a common occurrence with the usual type of plaster knife. The blades are standardized and easily replaced by unscrewing a circular knob, which holds them in position. The change of blades can be accomplished in a few seconds. The knob serves an additional purpose
Serum and Urine Polyamines in Normal and in Short Children
Authors: Daniel Rudman, Michael H. Kutner, Rajender K. Chawla, Martin A. Goldsmith, R. Dwain Blackston, Raymond Bain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The serum and urine polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were measured in 112 normal subjects from 0 to 70 yr of age, and in three groups of short children from 7 to 20 yr: 21 growth hormone (GH) deficient patients, 20 normal variant short stature children, and 9 girls with 45, X Turner's syndrome. Urine polyamines were expressed as micromoles per gram of creatinine or per kilogram body weight, and serum polyamines were expressed as nanomoles per milliliter.
Clonal analysis of F1 hybrid helper T cells restricted to parental or F1 hybrid major histocompatibility determinants.
Authors: J F Sproviero, M J Imperiale, M Zauderer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Antigen-specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted helper T cell precursors were induced to proliferate in cultures of keyhole limpet hemocyanin-primed lymph node cells. Clones of F1 hybrid helper T cells were isolated in limiting-dilution cultures. Each positive culture at a limiting-dilution of lymph node cells gave rise to &amp;gt; 10 helper T cells with a single MHC-restricted specificity. This made it possible to independently assay specific helper activity of isolated clones in secondary cultures with B cells of diverse origin. Different clones with helper activity restricted to either parental or unique F1 hybrid MHC determinants were found to occur at approximately equal frequency. The results are discussed in relation to hybrid Ia specificities and dual-complementing MHC-linked Ir genes.
P209 Risk factors for respiratory exacerbations in the BOLD study
Authors: L. Gnatiuc, S. Coton, S. Buist, B. Kato, P. Mejza, P. Burney
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Exacerbations are important clinical events related to long-term outcomes in asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However their determinants are not fully understood (Hurst <i>et al</i>, 2010). We used the BOLD data to assess the prevalence and risk factors for respiratory exacerbations among population-based samples of adults aged 40+ across 18 BOLD sites. <h3>Methods</h3> Exacerbations were defined as at least one reported episode of breathing problems that interfered with usual daily activities or led to missing work in the previous 12 months. Multiple logistic regressions were used to estimate the effects of potential risk factors for reported exacerbations: medical history, FVC, occupational, biomass and smoking exposures, education, age and sex. All effects were mutually adjusted and estimated using probability weights to allow for the sampling design. Regression models were fitted separately for each centre before pooling results across centres using random effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was summarised using the I<sup>2</sup> statistic. <h3>Results</h3> The 12-month prevalence of reported exacerbations ranged from 1.9% in Guangzhou, China to 14.2% in Lexington, USA, it was higher in subjects with spirometrically defined COPD as compared to subjects without spirometric COPD (14.4% vs 4.2%, p&lt;0.0001) and in low and middle income countries as compared to high income countries (7.9% vs 4.9%, p&lt;0.0001). Exacerbations were associated with doctor diagnosed asthma, COPD stage 1+, chronic bronchitis, increase in MMRC dyspnoea score, current exposures to biomass and dusty jobs and history of TB (see Abstract P209 table 1). Similar trends for overall effect estimates were obtained for low and middle income countries and high income countries with and without biomass exposure information. The variation in reported exacerbations across sites is unlikely to be due to variation in the influence of different risk factors between sites except for COPD stages 1 and 2 (I<sup>2</sup>=44%, p=0.03), biomass exposure (I<sup>2</sup>=57%, p=0.01) and reported history of TB (I<sup>2</sup>=65.2%, p=0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Respiratory exacerbations commonly occur in those with normal ventilatory function. Exacerbations are associated with severity of COPD, doctor diagnosed asthma, and environmental exposure to biomass and workplace dust. Chronic cough and phlegm and a diagnosis of emphysema are also associated with an increased risk for exacerbation in people with and without irreversible airway obstruction.
Coeliac disease and the risk of infections
Authors: J. R F Walters, K. B Bamford, S. Ghosh
Journal: Gut (2008)

Coeliac disease is increasingly easily diagnosed now that tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A (IgA ) antibody assays are widely available and their use understood. As many patients have relatively mild or non-specific symptoms, and the population prevalence is about 1%, it is important to have a clear understanding of the frequency of the complications of the condition. This allows the impact of the diagnosis to be explained, and appropriate therapies in addition to a gluten-free diet to be given.

The long-term risks in coeliacs have been clarified recently with large population studies, using the UK GP research database and the Swedish national inpatient register. The relative and absolute risks are now much clearer for the complications that have been recognised for a long time, such as malignancy, lymphoma and fracture.1–4 Other risks such as liver disease and pancreatitis are now apparent from large population studies. In this issue, Ludvigsson and colleagues5 report on the risk of sepsis in >15 000 coeliacs included in the Swedish inpatient register between 1964 and 2003 ( page 1074 ).

When compared with an inpatient reference population, a hazard ratio of 1.6 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.9, p<0.001) was found for any diagnosis of sepsis in coeliacs. Pneumococcal sepsis had a higher risk, with a hazard ratio of 2.5 (95% …
Obesity and its effect on survival in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation in the United States
Authors: Satheesh Nair, Sumita Verma, Paul J. Thuluvath
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Studies assessing morbidity and mortality in obese patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) have produced conflicting results, mainly because of the small sample size. The objective of our study was to determine graft and patient survival in obese adults receiving OLT in the U.S. between 1988 through 1996 using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database. Among the 23,675 transplantations performed during the 9-year study period, 18,172 (75%) patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these, 8,382 (46%) were nonobese (body mass index [BMI] < 25 kg/m(2)), 5,913 (33%) were overweight (BMI, 25.1-30 kg/m(2)), 2,611 (14%) were obese (BMI, 30.1-35 kg/m(2)), 911 (5%) were severely obese (BMI, 35.1-40 kg/m(2)), and 355 (2%) were morbidly obese (BMI, 40.1-50 kg/m(2)). The outcome measures assessed were immediate (30-day), 1-, 2-, and 5-year patient survival. Obese groups had a higher proportion of women, a greater prevalence of cryptogenic cirrhosis (P <.05) and diabetes (P <.05), and a higher serum creatinine. Primary graft nonfunction, and immediate, 1-year, and 2-year mortality were significantly higher in the morbidly obese group (P <.05). Five-year mortality was significantly higher both in the severely and morbidly obese subjects (P <.05), mostly as a result of adverse cardiovascular events. Kaplan-Meier survival was significantly lower in morbidly obese patients, and morbid obesity was an independent predictor of mortality. Obesity is associated with a significant increase in long-term mortality, mostly as a result of cardiovascular events. Weight loss should be recommended for all patients awaiting a liver transplantation, especially if their BMI is more than 35 kg/m(2).
Recent outbreaks of infectious syphilis, United Kingdom, January 2012 to April 2014
Authors: I Simms, L Wallace, D R Thomas, L Emmett, A G Shankar, M Vinson, S Padfield, U Andrady, C Whiteside, C  J Williams, C Midgley, C Johnman, A McLellan, A Currie, J Logan, G Leslie, K Licence, G Hughes
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Six outbreaks of infectious syphilis in the United Kingdom, ongoing since 2012, have been investigated among men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexual men and women aged under 25 years. Interventions included case finding and raising awareness among healthcare professionals and the public. Targeting at-risk populations was complicated as many sexual encounters involved anonymous partners. Outbreaks among MSM were influenced by the use of geospatial real-time networking applications that allow users to locate other MSM within close proximity.
Improving the Estimation of Mealtime Insulin Dose in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jiansong Bao, Heather R. Gilbertson, Robyn Gray, Diane Munns, Gabrielle Howard, Peter Petocz, Stephen Colagiuri, Jennie C. Brand-Miller
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

OBJECTIVE Although carbohydrate counting is routine practice in type 1 diabetes, hyperglycemic episodes are common. A food insulin index (FII) has been developed and validated for predicting the normal insulin demand generated by mixed meals in healthy adults. We sought to compare a novel algorithm on the basis of the FII for estimating mealtime insulin dose with carbohydrate counting in adults with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 28 patients using insulin pump therapy consumed two different breakfast meals of equal energy, glycemic index, fiber, and calculated insulin demand (both FII = 60) but approximately twofold difference in carbohydrate content, in random order on three consecutive mornings. On one occasion, a carbohydrate-counting algorithm was applied to meal A (75 g carbohydrate) for determining bolus insulin dose. On the other two occasions, carbohydrate counting (about half the insulin dose as meal A) and the FII algorithm (same dose as meal A) were applied to meal B (41 g carbohydrate). A real-time continuous glucose monitor was used to assess 3-h postprandial glycemia. RESULTS Compared with carbohydrate counting, the FII algorithm significantly decreased glucose incremental area under the curve over 3 h (–52%, P = 0.013) and peak glucose excursion (–41%, P = 0.01) and improved the percentage of time within the normal blood glucose range (4–10 mmol/L) (31%, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS An insulin algorithm based on physiological insulin demand evoked by foods in healthy subjects may be a useful tool for estimating mealtime insulin dose in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Characteristics of Melanosis Duodeni: Incorporation of Endoscopy, Pathology, and Etiology
Authors: H. H. Lee, D. B. O'Donnell, D. F. Keren
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

Endoscopic features and analytical electron microscopic studies in a case of melanosis duodeni are reported. The pigment in the microphages is confirmed as being iron sulfide. The etiology of this unusual endoscopic presentation is hypothesized.
Polychlorinated biphenyls and reproductive hormones in female polar bears at Svalbard.
Authors: Marte Haave, Erik Ropstad, Andrew E Derocher, Elisabeth Lie, Ellen Dahl, Øystein Wiig, Janneche U Skaare, Bjørn Munro Jenssen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

High concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in polar bears from Svalbard have increased concern for that population's reproductive health. We examined whether there were associations between the plasma concentrations of PCBs and reproductive hormones [progesterone (P4)] and 17 beta-estradiol (E2)] in free-living female polar bears from Svalbard. Concentrations of P4 depended on reproductive status, and concentrations were lowest in females with offspring--females with cubs and females with yearlings. In these females, the P4 concentrations were positively correlated with plasma sigma PCBs (sum of all analyzed polychlorinated biphenyl congeners) concentrations. The sigma PCBs concentrations explained 27% of the variation in the P4 concentrations. There were no correlations between sigma PCBs and E2 and cortisol in any of the groups of polar bears, or between sigma PCBs and P4 in single polar bears. Although the sigma PCBs-P4 relationship in female polar bears with offspring is not evidence per se of a direct cause-effect association, the results indicate that PCBs may affect levels of P4 in polar bear females. There is a clear need to further assess the hormone balance and population health of polar bears at Svalbard.
A new method for evaluating antiarrhythmic drug efficacy.
Authors: M Sami, H Kraemer, D C Harrison, N Houston, C Shimasaki, R F DeBusk
Journal: Circulation (1980)

To develop standards for distinguishing antiarrhythmic drug effect from spontaneous variability of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), 21 males (mean age 56 +/- 8 years) with chronic ischemic heart disease and PVCs underwent symptom-limited treadmill exercise testing and 24-hour ambulatory monitoring before and after 2 weeks of placebo medication. Linear regression analysis was used to describe the relationship between baseline and placebo PVC frequency for various indexes of ventricular ectopic activity and to establish 95% and 99% one-tailed confidence intervals for this relationship within the group of 21 patients. The lower limit of baseline PVC frequency for which the procedure could distinguish a placebo from a true drug response, termed the "sensitivity threshold," was an average frequency of 2.2 PVCs/hour for ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and 1.2 PVCs/min for treadmill exercise testing. All patients exceeded the sensitivity threshold on baseline ambulatory ECGs, but only 38% of patients did so on baseline treadmill exercise tests. To establish antiarrhythmic efficacy with 95% confidence, the minimal percent reduction of PVCs between baseline and placebo visits was 68% for treadmill exercise testing and 65% for ambulatory electrocardiography. Although these standards were developed in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease, the model can be used to establish antiarrhythmic drug efficacy in any patient group.
Abstract 3829: Chronic stimulation with IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes leads to NK cell dysfunction
Authors: Kutlu G. Elpek, Mark P. Rubinstein, Angelique Bellemare-Pelletier, Ananda W. Goldrath, Shannon J. Turley
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes induce expansion and activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes including NK and CD8 T cells with higher activity compared to IL-15 alone in vivo, and therefore, have therapeutic potential against cancer and chronic infections. Recent studies demonstrated that continuous treatment with IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes improves the survival of tumor bearing mice, however fail to control tumor outgrowth. Given the limited efficacy of long-term cytokine therapy, we sought to investigate the impact of continuous stimulations with IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes on NK and CD8 T cells in tumor-free mice in vivo. Long-term treatment with IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes induced massive expansion of both NK and CD8 T cells. While the functional capacity of CD8 T cells was enhanced after long-term treatments, NK cells exhibited marked defects in activation, IFNγ production, degranulation, and cytotoxicity. In addition, long-term treatment generated a suppressive environment and resulted in marked increase in Treg and CD11c+Gr1+ cell numbers. However, impaired NK cell function was not due to regulatory T cells or various myeloid cell mediated-suppressive factors. Our results have important clinical implications for the design of immunotherapies and vaccines using multiple doses of immunostimulatory agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3829.