tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral leaflet: a previously unrecognized cause of dynamic subaortic obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: B J Maron, A M Harding, P Spirito, W C Roberts, B F Waller
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Dynamic obstruction to left ventricular outflow in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy usually occurs when the anterior mitral leaflet moves forward in systole and approaches or contacts the ventricular septum. However, we have recently identified, by M mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, 21 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who had a unique pattern of mitral valve motion characterized by abnormal mitral valve coaptation and systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral leaflet. This abnormality of mitral valve motion was most reliably identified with two-dimensional echocardiography in views of the left ventricle obtained from the apex. At end-diastole the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets did not appear to coapt at their distal free margins. Rather, at mitral valve closure, the anterior mitral leaflet contacted the basal portion of posterior mitral leaflet. Subsequently, during systole the "residual" distal portion of posterior mitral leaflet approached or contacted the ventricular septum. Morphologic observations in nine other patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy suggested that systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral leaflet is due to elongation of the middle scallop of the posterior leaflet, which probably comes into apposition with the ventricular septum during systole by passing through the space created by the normal pattern of chordal attachments onto the anterior mitral leaflet. Of the 16 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization, nine had basal subaortic gradients of 20 to 85 mm Hg, which were apparently due to moderate or marked systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral leaflet. Ventricular septal myotomy-myectomies were performed in two patients and resulted in markedly diminished systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral leaflet in each and abolition of subaortic gradient in the one patient who underwent postoperative cardiac catheterization. Hence, in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, systolic anterior motion of the posterior mitral leaflet (1) is not uncommon (identifiable in about 10% of a consecutively studied series of patients), (2) constitutes a previously undescribed mechanism for dynamic subaortic obstruction, and (3) is due to a malformation of the posterior mitral leaflet.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: An Update from the Canadian Apheresis Group
Authors: William F. Clark, Gail A. Rock, Noel Buskard, Kenneth H. Shumak, Pierre LeBlond, David Anderson, David M. Sutton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

In 1997, the Canadian Apheresis Group reviewed data on 103,416 plasma exchange procedures that had been collected since 1980. Although the number of plasma exchanges gradually increased (from 3189 to 8208 per year), the pattern changed. In 1981, the five most frequent indications for plasma exchange resulted in 55% of all such procedures; by 1997, the five most frequent indications for plasma exchange resulted in 81.1% of all such procedures. During this period, three conditions that were originally among the most frequent indications for plasma exchange became among the least frequent. This paper reviews the published evidence that supports or refutes the use of plasma exchange in the category of the five most frequent indications from 1981 to 1997: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, myasthenia gravis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, the Guillain-Barre syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. For most disorders, use of plasma exchange procedures is correlated with published evidence, and the changing patterns of plasma exchange use by members of the Canadian Apheresis Group reflect published evidence. Annual center-by-center reviews of use of plasma exchange may also have influenced practice patterns.
The ADR Numbers Game
Authors: John C. Ballin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Since the first galenical preparations were administered to sick individuals, physicians have known that the drugs themselves have the potential of producing adverse and, occasionally, fatal effects. Indeed, iatrogenic disease resulting from drugs is a recognized and accepted hazard of medical practice. The aim of rational drug therapy, therefore, is to choose the course of treatment that will achieve the desired therapeutic results with the least amount of drug-associated toxicity. Although these facts are obvious to all physicians, the lay public has recently been subjected to a macabre "numbers game" about fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that is as alarming as it is sensational. In 1972, Talley and Laventurier<sup>1</sup>presented a paper in which they estimated that 30,000 deaths caused by ADRs occurred the previous year in the United States. This figure lay fallow until late 1973, when it was picked up by Senator Kennedy during the drug hearings
Mutations in PMM2, a phosphomannomutase gene on chromosome 16p13 in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein type I syndrome (Jaeken syndrome)
Authors: Gert Matthijs, Els Schollen, Els Pardon, Maria Veiga-Da-Cunha, Jaak Jaeken, Jean-Jacques Cassiman, Emile Van Schaftingen
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
"CVA" and the Lexicon of Medicine
Authors: Donald M. Posner
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  I have no animus towards Dr Lester Adelson. Quite the contrary; I am delighted with his letter (236:2390, 1976), as I adore inessential matters and wish to contribute some in response.  While I agree that the term CVA is nonscientific, I also agree that it is hallowed by... tradition. In other words, everyone knows roughly what it means. Dr Adelson's third point would therefore be at least partially negated by his first paragraph. It is hard to believe that any registrar of vital statistics would think of violent death on seeing the phrase cerebrovascular accident.  I disagree with his first point for more than one reason. That a cerebral embolism.  where the migrating clot finds its way... into one of the carotid arteries and thence to the brain... is a matter of chance that the astute clinician can prognosticate... is a rather doubtful statement. Physicians are not
Flavaglines target primitive leukemia cells and enhance anti-leukemia drug activity
Authors: K P Callahan, M Minhajuddin, C Corbett, E D Lagadinou, R M Rossi, V Grose, M M Balys, L Pan, S Jacob, A Frontier, M R Grever, D M Lucas, A D Kinghorn, J L Liesveld, M W Becker, C T Jordan
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Survival After Coronary Revascularization in the Elderly
Authors: Michelle M. Graham, William A. Ghali, Peter D. Faris, P. Diane Galbraith, Colleen M. Norris, Merril L. Knudtson
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Elderly patients with ischemic heart disease are increasingly referred for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, reports of poor outcomes in the elderly have led to questions about the benefit of these strategies. We studied survival by prescribed treatment (CABG, PCI, or medical therapy) for patients in 3 age categories: &lt;70 years, 70 to 79 years, and ≥80 years of age. Methods and Results — The Alberta Provincial Project for Outcomes Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease (APPROACH) is a clinical data collection and outcome monitoring initiative capturing all patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and revascularization in the province of Alberta, Canada, since 1995. Characteristics and long-term outcomes of a cohort of &gt;6000 elderly patients with ischemic heart disease were compared with younger patients. In 15 392 patients &gt;70 years of age, 4-year adjusted actuarial survival rates for CABG, PCI, and medical therapy were 95.0%, 93.8%, and 90.5%, respectively. In 5198 patients 70 to 79 years of age, survival rates were 87.3%, 83.9%, and 79.1%, respectively. In 983 patients ≥80 years of age, survival was 77.4% for CABG, 71.6% for PCI, and 60.3% for medical therapy. Absolute risk differences in comparison to medical therapy for CABG (17.0%) and PCI (11.3%) were greater for patients ≥80 years of age than for younger patients. Conclusions — Elderly patients paradoxically have greater absolute risk reductions associated with surgical or percutaneous revascularization than do younger patients. The combination of these results with a recent randomized trial suggests that the benefits of aggressive revascularization therapies may extend to subsets of patients in older age groups.
On the Centre of Gravity of the Human Body as Related to the Equipment of the German Infantry Soldier
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1985)

They say that if seeing is believing, measuring is understanding. No doubt with this in mind, Braune and Fischer, toward the end of the last century, determined the centers of gravity of the body and its parts and placed them in a tridimensional, coordinate network for various life-corresponding positions. As their research was subsidized by the Saxon army, they included in these studies a German infantryman, fully equipped and in soldierly attitudes. Although this work was first published in 1889, it continues to exemplify Germanic thoroughness, as demonstrated by the relentless pursuit of data and the meticulous accuracy of its conclusions, which, in 1935, were used by Pauwels when analyzing the static and dynamic forces exerted on the hip joint while standing and walking and, as recently as 1976, by one of the translators (P. G. S. Maquet) for his study of forces acting on the knee. The book, though
HIV sticks to sperm
Authors: Amy Maxmen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Sperm, and not just the fluid it bathes in, can transmit HIV to macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs), report [Ceballos and colleagues][1]. By infecting DCs, which carry the virus and potently pass it to T cells, sperm may play a leading role in spreading HIV.

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Childhood Thyroid Radioiodine Exposure and Subsequent Infertility in the Intermountain Fallout Cohort
Authors: Mary Bishop Stone, Joseph B. Stanford, Joseph L. Lyon, James A. VanDerslice, Stephen C. Alder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Above-ground and underground nuclear weapon detonation at the Nevada Test Site (1951-1992) has resulted in radioiodine exposure for nearby populations. Although the long-term effect of environmental radioiodine exposure on thyroid disease has been well studied, little is known regarding the effect of childhood radioiodine exposure on subsequent fertility.We investigated early childhood thyroid radiation exposure from nuclear testing fallout (supplied predominantly by radioactive isotopes of iodine) and self-reported lifetime incidence of male or female infertility or sterility.Participants were members of the 1965 Intermountain Fallout Cohort, schoolchildren at the time of exposure who were reexamined during two subsequent study phases to collect dietary and reproductive histories. Thyroid radiation exposure was calculated via an updated dosimetry model. We used multivariable logistic regression with robust sandwich estimators to estimate odds ratios for infertility, adjusted for potential confounders and (in separate models) for a medically confirmed history of thyroid disease.Of 1,389 participants with dosimetry and known fertility history, 274 were classified as infertile, including 30 classified as sterile. Childhood thyroid radiation dose was possibly associated with infertility [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.67 and AOR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.90 for the middle and upper tertiles vs. the first tertile of exposure, respectively]. The odds ratios were attenuated (AOR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.55 and AOR = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.83 for the middle and upper tertiles, respectively) after adjusting for thyroid disease. There was no association of childhood radiation dose and sterility.Our findings suggest that childhood radioiodine exposure from nuclear testing may be related to subsequent adult infertility. Further research is required to confirm this.
Surgical management of inguinal hernia: retrospective cohort study in southeastern Scotland, 1985-2001
Authors: H D E Atkinson, S G Nicol, S Purkayastha, S Paterson-Brown
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Inguinal hernia repair (IHR) is the most common general surgical procedure in the United Kingdom, with an estimated 80 000 cases a year. The past decade has seen an increase in the use of prosthetic mesh in open and laparoscopic hernia repair based on the premise of a tension-free repair.1 Conversely, although traditional repair with suturing using the Shouldice technique has been reported with low rates of recurrence, it is difficult to learn and often associated with high rates of recurrence when done in the wider community. Recent reports have indicated that laparoscopic repair is associated with less immediate postoperative pain and a faster return to normal activities, particularly for recurrent and bilateral hernias.2 Large case series indicate recurrence rates for open and laparoscopic mesh repairs as low as 0.2%,3 and randomised trials of open primary IHR, with follow up as short as two years, have …
The Treatment of Cavities in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: LEROY S. PETERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 December 1932The Treatment of Cavities in Pulmonary TuberculosisLEROY S. PETERS, M.D., F.A.C.P.LEROY S. PETERS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-6-802 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAfter observing tuberculosis clinically for the past 26 years, you can hardly blame me for not becoming overly enthusiastic when some optimist suggests the expectant treatment of cavities, claiming that nature, with the aid of bed rest, hard pillows and plenty of endurance, will effect a result as often as those of us who advocate interference by means of various forms of compression therapy.We have had the curability of tuberculosis sung from the housetops over so long a period of time that many medical men really delude themselves into thinking that it is a curable disease. To disabuse yourself,...References1 FALESBEAUDET LHEA: The healing of tuberculous cavities, Am. Rev. Tuberc., 1931, xxiii, 690-701. Google Scholar2 PETERS LS: Compression therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis; comparative study, Am. Rev. Tuberc., 1929, xix, 74-83. Google Scholar3 PETERSCORNISH LSPG: Intrapleural pneumolysis by Jacobaeus-Unverricht method, Med. Jr. and Rec., 1930, cxxxii, 265-269. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albuquerque, New MexicoPresented at the San Francisco meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 5, 1932. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTHE RESULTS OP EXTRAPLEURAL THORACOPLASTY IN THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS 1 December 1932Volume 6, Issue 6Page: 802-805 Issue Published: 1 December 1932 PDF DownloadLoading ...
SUBCORNEAL PUSTULAR DERMATOSIS OF THE SOLES.
Authors: H. HABER, G. C. WELLS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1959)

Journal Article SUBCORNEAL PUSTULAR DERMATOSIS OF THE SOLES. Get access H. HABER, H. HABER St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle St., London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. C. WELLS G. C. WELLS St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle St., London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 71, Issue 7, 1 July 1959, Pages 253–255, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1959.tb13420.x Published: 01 July 1959
LOCATION OF METASTATIC BREAST CARCINOMA BY A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CHELATE LABELLED WITH INDIUM-111
Authors: R.M. Rainsbury, J.H. Westwood, R.C. Coombes, A.M. Neville, R.J. Ott, T.S. Kalirai, V.R. Mccready, J-C. Gazet
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Primary sociopathy (psychopathy) is a type, secondary is not
Authors: Linda Mealey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Recent studies lend support to the two-pathway model of the evolution of sociopathy with evidence that: 1) psychopathy (primary sociopathy) is a discrete type and 2) in general, sociopaths have relatively high levels of reproductive success. Hare's Psychopathy Checklist may provide a start for the revision of terminology that will be necessary to distinguish between primary and secondary trajectories.
History of Circumcision, Medical Conditions, and Sexual Activity and Risk of Penile Cancer
Authors: C. Maden, K. J. Sherman, A. M. Beckmann, T. G. Hislop, C.-Z. Teh, R. L. Ashley, J. R. Daling
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Background : Epidemiological evidence suggests lack of neonatal circumcision as the strongest risk factor for penile cancer, but the role of sexually transmitted diseases in the etiology of penile cancer has remained unclear. Purpose : To further clarify risk factors for penile cancer, we examined the role of circumcision, personal characteristics and habits (such as smoking), sexually transmitted diseases, past sexual activity, and medical conditions of the penis. Methods : A population based, case-control study was conducted in western Washington state and in the province of British Columbia. We interviewed 110 men with penile cancer diagnosed from January 1979 to July 1990 and 355 control subjects from the general population, frequency matched to case subjects on age and date of diagnosis. Tumor tissue from 67 case subjects was tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Results of blood tests from 69 case subjects and 208 control subjects were available for study. Statistically Significant Results : Relative to men circumcised at birth, the risk for penile cancer was 3.2 times greater among men who were never circumcised and 3.0 times greater among men who were circumcised after the neonatal period. For current smokers, the risk was 2.8 times that of men who never smoked. The risk among men reporting a history of genital warts was 5.9 times that of men reporting no such history. Of 67 tumors tested for HPV DNA, 49% were positive; the majority of these positive tumors (70%) were type 16, which has been associated with anogenital carcinoma. Relative risks (RRs) associated with a reported history of penile rash or penile tear were 9.4 and 3.9, respectively. Among men not circumcised at birth, RRs associated with presence of smegma and difficulty in retracting the foreskin were 2.1 and 3.5, respectively. Twenty-eight percent of case subjects, compared with only 10% of control subjects, reported 30 or more sexual partners, and men with HPV. positive tumors were more likely to report a greater number of sexual partners. Conclusions : These results suggest that the absence of neonatal circumcision and potential resulting complications are associated with penile cancer. Additionally, medical conditions of the penis, sexual activity, infection with HPV, and smoking may increase the risk for penile cancer. Implications : A larger study would allow examination of interrelationships of circumcision, infection with HPV, and smoking as risk factors. [J Natl Cancer Inst 85:19–24, 1993]
Therapy with PEGASYS® demonstrates similar efficacy and significantly improved tolerability, quality of life and work productivity compared with REBETRON™ in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: R.P. Perrillo, K.D. Rothstein, J. Imperial, I. Alam, M. Palmer, P.J. Pockros, S.C. Pappas, B.S. Doerschuk, L. Wynohradnyk
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Sample characterization of automobile and forklift diesel exhaust particles and comparative pulmonary toxicity in mice.
Authors: Pramila Singh, David M DeMarini, Colin A J Dick, Dennis G Tabor, Jeff V Ryan, William P Linak, Takahiro Kobayashi, M Ian Gilmour
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Two samples of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) predominate in health effects research: an automobile-derived DEP (A-DEP) sample and the National Institute of Standards Technology standard reference material (SRM 2975) generated from a forklift engine. A-DEPs have been tested extensively for their effects on pulmonary inflammation and exacerbation of allergic asthmalike responses. In contrast, SRM 2975 has been tested thoroughly for its genotoxicity. In the present study, we combined physical and chemical analyses of both DEP samples with pulmonary toxicity testing in CD-1 mice to compare the two materials and to make associations between their physicochemical properties and their biologic effects. A-DEPs had more than 10 times the amount of extractable organic material and less than one-sixth the amount of elemental carbon compared with SRM 2975. Aspiration of 100 micro g of either DEP sample in saline produced mild acute lung injury; however, A-DEPs induced macrophage influx and activation, whereas SRM 2975 enhanced polymorphonuclear cell inflammation. A-DEPs stimulated an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inhibitory protein-2, and the TH2 cytokine IL-5, whereas SRM 2975 only induced significant levels of IL-6. Fractionated organic extracts of the same quantity of DEPs (100 micro g) did not have a discernable effect on lung responses and will require further study. The disparate results obtained highlight the need for chemical, physical, and source characterization of particle samples under investigation. Multidisciplinary toxicity testing of diesel emissions derived from a variety of generation and collection conditions is required to meaningfully assess the health hazards associated with exposures to DEPs. Key words: automobile, diesel exhaust particles, forklift, mice, pulmonary toxicity, SRM 2975.
REPORT ON MASSAGE.
Authors: DOUGLAS GRAHAM
Journal: JAMA (1900)

When we come across good things in medical literature it should be our duty and pleasure to pass them along to those who have not easy access to the same. Hence the need of occasional reports. That distinguished old mirror of the profession in England,<i>The Lancet</i>, has been rather slow in waking up to the merits of massage, yet what it has had to say of late on this subject is of so much importance that we can afford to let French and German literature rest for a time while we briefly report what our English cousins have been doing in this line. In 1884 your reporter wrote that no more fertile field awaits the investigations of physiologists than that of ascertaining the similarities and differences existing between exercise and massage.<sup>1</sup>Partly in fulfillment of this prophecy we present the following: <h3>THE EFFECTS OF BATHS, MASSAGE AND EXERCISE</h3>
Management of breast cancer
Authors: J Bell, A M Chouillet
Journal: BMJ (1994)

cerebral palsy and those who died, but the increased risk of suboptimal care in these groups remained after adjustment for this.To carry out the analysis that Hall suggests and still retain our matched design, much larger numbers would have been needed.To explore further the complex interrelation of antenatal and intrapartum factors, care, and cerebral palsy, collaborative studies will be necessary.
Local funding would reduce waiting lists for cataracts
Authors: R. Harrad
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—In her editorial on recruiting overseas doctors Rosen makes several important points.1 We have been informed by the strategic health authority for Avon, Gloucestershire, and Wiltshire Strategic Health Authority that many patients with cataracts from Bristol Eye Hospital will have surgery carried out at a local district general hospital by a European team. Our nursing staff were asked to provide information about the number of “straightforward” cataract cases on our waiting list. We expressed a willingness to carry out this …