tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The "Silent" Vesical Neoplasm
Authors: William L. Furlow
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Frequently, the patient harboring a bladder tumor experiences an early transient episode of gross hematuria which if unheeded may result in a dangerous delay in diagnosis. Such bleeding may occur from the indirect stimulation of a vesical neoplasm during certain procedures such as abdominal palpation, digital rectal examination, and proctoscopic examination. Only careful history-taking for the presence of postexamination hematuria will lead to the early detection of the hitherto silent neoplasm of the bladder.
Tuberculosis After Jejunoileal Bypass for Obesity
Authors: ROBERT M. BRUCE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

One hundred patients who underwent jejunoileal bypass for obesity were followed for a mean period of 2½ years. Four patients developed a clinical illness that resembled a systemic form of tuberculosis during the first postoperative year. This incidence exceeds that found in the general population by sixtyfold. Any patient with jejunoileal bypass who develops an illness with accelerated weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes, and unexplained fever with chills should be suspected of having tuberculosis. Aggressive diagnostic measures are required. Treatment with isoniazid and ethambutol at usual doses can be successful, but blood levels should be measured to confirm adequacy until additional information becomes available.
The epidemiology of heart failure: The Framingham Study
Authors: Kalon K.L. Ho, Joan L. Pinsky, William B. Kannel, Daniel Levy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)

Congestive heart failure has become an increasingly frequent reason for hospital admission during the last 2 decades and clearly represents a major health problem. Data from the Framingham Heart Study indicate that the incidence of congestive heart failure increases with age and is higher in men than in women. Hypertension and coronary heart disease are the two most common conditions predating its onset. Diabetes mellitus and electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy are also associated with an increased risk of heart failure. During the 1980s, the annual age-adjusted incidence of congestive heart failure among persons aged ≥ 45 years was 7.2 cases/1,000 in men and 4.7 cases/1,000 in women, whereas the age-adjusted prevalence of overt heart failure was 24/1,000 in men and 25/1,000 in women. Despite improved treatments for ischemic heart disease and hypertension, the age-adjusted incidence of heart failure has declined by only 11%/calendar decade in men and by 17%/calendar decade in women during a 40-year period of observation. In addition., congestive heart failure remains highly lethal, with a median survival time of 1.7 years in men and 3.2 years in women and a 5-year survival rate of 25% in men and 38% in women.
Should Industry Speak the Loudest in Informing the Public on Medical Matters?
Authors: Gordon McCarter
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

I would like to thank PLoS Medicine for publishing Lacasse and Leo's important and methodical Essay that debunks the "chemical imbalance" advertisements for psychiatric drugs [1].Why would the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approve such ads?Our human rights group, MindFreedom International, has been asking that question for a long time.On behalf of MindFreedom, US Senator Ron Wyden contacted the FDA for an explanation about why they approve such advertising.In their responsewhich took over one year to receive-the FDA could cite no scientifi c literature or studies.It turns out there's a good reason that the FDA can't fi nd any scientifi c evidence for the claims of a "chemical imbalance" in these ads: the scientifi c evidence in support of the serotonin hypothesis is very weak.Readers who would like more information about the psychiatric industry's advertising suggesting a "chemical imbalance" in depression may be interested in the following:(1) MindFreedom's debate with Pfi zer, manufacturer of Zoloft, available at http:⁄⁄www.mindfreedom.org/mindfreedom/pfi zerlies.shtml,and (2) a historic debate with the American Psychiatric Association resulting from MindFreedom's 2003 hunger strike, available at http:⁄⁄www.mindfreedom.org/mindfreedom/hungerstrike.shtml
Review Coordinator
Authors: Ralph Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1976)

LIKE a policeman's, the utilization review coordinator's lot is not a happy one. Since discovering they are the cutting edge between medicine and government concerning the fate of right-here-and-now lying-in-bed patients, most review coordinators have become as sensitive as a sunburned lifeguard in a sauna. Whatever these nurses might have thought they were getting into when they signed on, they have found the job more than advertised. Whether they expected to work at a nine-to-five papershuffling snap or participate on a health team as an agent of constructive change, they have been disappointed. The work has proved to be difficult, vast, and confusingly political. Should they find the time to sit still long enough to consider whether they are in a new job or a new profession, it is unlikely that they would have the spirit left to philosophize. However, there may be relief in an answer to the job-or-profession
Carotid Artery Stiffness is Increased in Microalbuminuric IDDM Patients
Authors: Jan Lambert, Ronald A Smulders, Mieke Aarsen, Ab J M Donker, Coen D A Stehouwer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE In IDDM, the development of microalbuminuria, which is associated with an elevation in blood pressure within the normal range, is a risk factor for future cardiovascular disease. Vascular stiffness might be one of the factors involved because it increases systolic blood pressure and the workload of the heart. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated carotid artery stiffness with a noninvasive ultrasound method in 24 microalbuminuric and 53 normoalbuminuric IDDM patients and in 54 healthy control subjects. RESULTS The distensibility coefficient, a measure of intrinsic vascular wall elasticity, was decreased in microalbuminuric IDDM (21.6 × 10−3/kPa) as compared with normoalbuminuric IDDM (24.8 × 10−3/kPa) and control subjects (25.9 × 10−3/kPa; P = 0.02). This result was based on a higher blood pressure in microalbuminuric patients. After correction for the difference in blood pressure, the distensibility coefficients were similar in the three groups. In the two diabetic patient groups taken together, age, blood pressure, female sex, diabetes duration, and cigarette smoking were determinants of a decreased distensibility. CONCLUSIONS Blood pressure is a major determinant of increased arterial stiffness in microalbuminuric IDDM patients. Increased arterial stiffness may contribute to the accelerated progression of complications if concomitant hypertension exists.
Validation of organ culture in colonic adaptation to surgical manipulation.
Authors: G V Appleton, E E Wheeler, D N Challacombe, R C Williamson
Journal: Gut (1991)

Valuable information on intestinal adaptation can be gained by using the technique of organ culture to measure the crypt cell production rate. It is not known, however, whether the production rate in organ culture accurately represent that in vivo. Colonic crypt cell production rate, determined by a standard method in vivo, was compared with that in vitro in organ culture in 56 rats. Extensive jejunoileal bypass was used to stimulate colonic hyperplasia, and colonic defunction (by transverse colostomy) led to hypoplasia. There were no differences in crypt cell production rates between in vivo and in vitro groups in normal colon (4.62 (0.39) v 4.80 (0.23) cells/crypt/hour), after 80% jejuno-ileal bypass (7.81 (0.71) v 6.75 (0.72) cells/crypt/hour), or after defunction (2.11 (0.39) v 1.81 (0.35) cells/crypt/hour). Adapting colonic mucosa does not undergo appreciable readaptation in vitro in short term organ culture (10-24 hours). Crypt cell production rate results obtained in man probably reflect in vivo values.
Junior doctors on the warpath
Authors: K. L Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1992)

comments of the Joint Committee for Postgraduate Training in General Practice in its report for Dudley and Sandwell, which highlighted this as a potential difficulty.We organised a weekend course for all the trainers to learn how to interview, with an appreci- able input from non-medical people.It became clear that our interviewing skills were poor, and as a result we rethought the whole way of interview- ing potential trainees.Rodger wrote the seminal work on this subject in 1952,4 and it has been reiterated by others more recently.56As a result, we have reduced our interviewing panel from 12-18 to four-two consultants and two general practice trainers-with a neutral chairman.This is a much less intimidating ordeal, but the questioning is no less probing for this change.The reduction ofinterviewers means that those involved in the training scheme but not invited to interview candidates have to trust the panel.We believe that this change has considerably improved the interviewing procedure.It has already worked well in the Dudley scheme, and we strongly recommend it to other interviewing panels.We must recognise that we have a lot to learn from non-medical experts when it comes to interviewing procedure.
Variations in the gene encoding C reactive protein suggest that CRP is a candidate susceptibility gene for inflammatory bowel disease in the Scottish paediatric population
Authors: P. Henderson, J. van Limbergen, N. H. Anderson, F. L. Cameron, E. Cameron, R. K. Russell, J. Satsangi, D. C. Wilson
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> C reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant which may possibly link innate and adaptive immunity by binding proteins such as complement factor H. IBD patients with an elevated serum CRP have demonstrated a superior response to biological therapies suggesting that CRP may also play a role in IBD pathogenesis. In addition, a proportion of IBD patients do not have a raised CRP even in the presence of severe inflammatory disease. We aimed to assess the gene-wide association signal of the <i>CRP</i> gene to IBD and Crohn9s disease (CD) susceptibility by means of a detailed haplotype-tagging investigation. <h3>Methods</h3> 1215 subjects consisting of 465 robustly phenotyped patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) &lt;17 years within Scotland (311 CD, 111 UC and 43 IBD-U) and 797 parents (284 complete trios) were genotyped for seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). 5 CRP-tagging SNPs were selected using HapMap data (using solid spine of LD, MAF &gt; 0.1): rs1417938, rs1205, rs1130864, rs1935193 and rs11265263. Two additional SNPs, previously shown to influence serum CRP levels (rs3091244 and rs1800947) were also genotyped. Detailed phenotypic characteristics of this cohort were previously described. Detailed single marker and haplotype analysis by transmission disequilibrium testing (ParenTDT) was carried out using Haploview (with permutation analysis, n=100 000). <h3>Results</h3> After stringent permutation analysis the rs1417938 A allele, located in the first 59 intron of the <i>CRP</i> gene, showed significant over transmission to affected IBD patients (p=0.0446). The 7-marker haplotype ACACATC also showed significant distortion of transmission (p=0.0068) This same 7-marker haplotype was also significantly associated with Crohn9s disease (p=0.0165). Using a sliding-haplotype analysis to assess the extent of the IBD and CD-associated signal from the 59 end to the 39UTR of the <i>CRP</i> coding sequence demonstrated that the strongest signal (p=0.0013 for IBD, p=0.0050 for CD) was achieved with a haplotype spanning the entire CRP gene. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have demonstrated that in a well defined population, using analysis that eliminates the need for population stratification, that inherited variation of the haplotype containing <i>CRP</i> is associated with IBD and CD susceptibility. Our analysis indicates that it is now warranted to submit the <i>CRP</i> gene to further deep sequencing and to re-evaluate the contribution of CRP to IBD pathogenesis beyond its usefulness as an inflammatory marker.
Divergent cytotoxic effects of PKC412 in combination with conventional antileukemic agents in FLT3 mutation-positive versus -negative leukemia cell lines
Authors: Y Furukawa, H A Vu, M Akutsu, T Odgerel, T Izumi, S Tsunoda, Y Matsuo, K Kirito, Y Sato, H Mano, Y Kano
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Flow-dependent Positive Airway Pressure to Maintain Airway Patency in Sleep Apnea–Hypopnea Syndrome
Authors: RAMON FARRÉ, RENÉ PESLIN, JOSEP M. MONTSERRAT, MAR ROTGER, DANIEL NAVAJAS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Airway obstruction in patients with sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is due to increased critical pressure (Pcrit) of the upper airway. The ideal nasal pressure (Pn) to maintain airway patency should consist of the constant term to account for Pcrit and a term (Rn · V˙) proportional to flow (V˙) to account for the dynamic pressure drop through nasal resistance (R n). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) applied to avoid flow limitation results in a Pn greater than required over most of the breathing cycle. The aim was to assess a flow-dependent positive airway pressure (FDPAP) based on adapting Pn to the instantaneous flow: Pn = P0 + k · V˙. FDPAP was tested on collapsible airway models and its applicability was assessed in nine patients with SAHS during sleep. In models, FDPAP prevented flow limitation with lower mean P n and work of breathing than CPAP. In patients FDPAP allowed the patients to breathe normally with a mean Pn (6.6 ± 1.2 cm H2O) systematically and significantly (p < 0.05, paired t test) lower than when applying CPAP (9.1 ± 1.2 cm H2O). The results found in models and in patients suggest that adapting the applied nasal pressure to the instantaneous breathing flow may be of potential practical interest in SAHS.
"Debricin": A New Agent for Wound Debridement
Authors: C. Rob, A. Singer
Journal: BMJ (1959)

BRITH 1069 at random, the only discrimination being that those considered unlikely to develop symptoms were excluded.At the onset of nausea or vomiting, tablets A, B, or C, 2 t.d.s., a.c., were prescribed.If after 48 hours there was no relief, in the best interests of the patient pro- chlorperazine, 10 mg., t.d.s., a.c., was substituted for the unknown tablets.The effect of the tablets on anorexia and lassitude was also noted.
Screening for occult hepatitis C virus infection: Does it need special attention?
Authors: Mohammad Saeid Rezaee‐Zavareh, Mahdi Ramezani‐Binabaj, Seyed Moayed Alavian
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. To the Editor: We read with great interest the important article entitled "Unrecognized Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Baby Boomers in the Emergency Department" recently published in your esteemed journal.1 In this cross‐sectional study the authors screened 1529 subjects who were born between 1945 and 1965 ("baby boomers") for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and they found 170 persons positive for HCV antibodies. Detection of HCV‐RNA and anti‐HCV antibodies by enzyme‐linked immnunosorbent assay in serum and plasma is the routine diagnostic test for HCV infection.2 But what about occult HCV infection (OCI)? Here, we want to use this opportunity to make some points about this type of HCV infection. It is said that in 10% of subjects with abnormal liver function tests the etiology is unknown.3 A recently defined form of chronic HCV infection, OCI, has been reported as a probable etiology in these cases.4 This entity is defined by the presence of HCV‐RNA in the liver cells without detectable serum HCV‐RNA. Also, it can be seen in both positive (with normal liver function tests) and negative (with abnormal liver function tests) anti‐HCV antibodies. But in both situations, serum HCV‐RNA is usually undetectable.4 Finding HCV‐RNA in the liver cells by liver biopsy is the gold standard method for diagnosing OCI. However, instead of this invasive method, it is recommended that detection of HCV‐RNA in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and ultracentrifuged serum is useful. This alternative method helps us to determine about 85% of OCI patients.5 Occult HCV infection can lead to a series of complications from minimal changes in liver tissue to liver cirrhosis and finally hepatocellular carcinoma.7 It has been evaluated and reported in some special groups. Patients on hemodialysis, patients with cryptogenic liver disease, the spouse and other family members of OCI patients, and even healthy subjects without any liver disease are groups where OCI has been reported.7 It is said that in some cases OCI can persist even after treatment, and OCI eradication cannot be achieved in all cases.9 In the study by Galbraith et al.1 it is proposed that because of the increased use of illicit drugs and contaminated transfusions that occurred in the 1970s and 1980s, baby boomers are at more risk of HCV infection. Now, with consideration of these points about OCI, screening of OCI should be taken into account, particularly in special groups like baby boomers.
Follow-up analysis of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in actinic keratosis: reply from the authors
Authors: T. Dirschka
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Journal Article Follow‐up analysis of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in actinic keratosis: reply from the authors Get access T. Dirschka T. Dirschka Private Dermatological Practice Centre Wuppertal GermanyFaculty of Health University Witten‐Herdecke Witten Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 169, Issue 5, 1 November 2013, Pages 1156–1157, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12559 Published: 01 November 2013
Rheumatic diseases: Immunological mechanism and prospects for new therapies.
Authors: B. BRESNIHAN
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Two interactive rheumatology tutors on CD-ROMThe widespread availability of information and communication technology oVers new possibilities for education of professionals and of patients.One of these possibilities is computer assisted learning. 1Ten years ago, research focused on the development of computer assisted diagnosis and text based help to rheumatologists and others. 2Despite the initial enthusiasm about artificial intelligence (AI), resulting in several diagnostic expert systems, in routine care a precise diagnosis is rarely an important issue and as a consequence these systems are hardly used.The experience with expert systems, however, evolved into systems intended for educational purposes."AI/Learn", based on the "AI/Rheum" expert system and exploiting a videodisk with an image library, proved to be an eVective means of teaching rheumatology. 3 The same image library was used to teach occupational and physical therapy students with the "HP-Rheum" system (HP: Health Professionals). 4In recent years the introduction of sound, images, and movies on PCs, and the replacement of videodisks by CD-ROM facilitated production and access to these methods.The products resulting from the AI/Rheum project are not yet available on this medium, but two European rheumatologists have now completed educational systems on CD-ROM.They are to be honoured for their pioneering eVorts.The main characteristics of the systems are summarised in table 1, details are discussed below.
Points: Unreviewed reports
Authors: C S Good
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Most of the early Hungarian tribes originated from the Volga-Kama and South-Ural regions, where they were composed of a mixed population based on historical, philological and archaeological data. Here we present the uniparental genetic makeup of the medieval era of these regions that served as a melting pot for ethnic groups with different linguistic and historical backgrounds. Representing diverse cultural contexts, the new genetic data originates from ancient proto-Ob-Ugric people from Western Siberia (6-13th century), pre-Conquest period and subsisting Hungarians from Volga-Ural region (6-14th century) and their neighbours. By examining the Hungarian prehistory’s eastern archaeological traits, we also study their genetic composition and origin in an interdisciplinary framework. We analysed 110 deep sequenced mitogenomes and 42 Y-chromosome haplotypes from 18 archaeological sites from Russia. The results support the studied groups’ genetic relationships regardless of geographical distances, suggesting large-scale mobility. We detected long-lasting genetic connections between the sites representing the Kushnarenkovo and Chiyalik cultures and the Carpathian Basin Hungarians and confirmed the Uralic transmission of several East-Eurasian uniparental lineages in their genepool. Based on phylogenetics, we demonstrate and model the connections and splits of the studied Volga-Ural and conqueror groups. Early Hungarians and their alliances conquested the Carpathian Basin in the 890s AD. Re-analysis of the Hungarian conquerors’ maternal genepool reveals numerous surviving maternal relationships in both sexes, therefore we conclude that men and women came to the Carpathian Basin together, and although they were subsequently genetically fused into the local population of the area, certain eastern lineages survived for centuries.