tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Slow and fast changes in transmural pulmonary artery pressure in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: O Marrone, MR Bonsignore, S Romano, G Bonsignore
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Our purpose was to assess how pulmonary artery pressure changes in relation to hypoxia and oesophageal pressure during obstructive sleep apnoeas. Transmural systolic pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa,STM), oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SaO2) and oesophageal pressure were analysed in two samples of consecutive obstructive apnoeas in each of four patients. In the first samples (samples A; probably recorded during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep), SaO2 swings were small and repetitive. In the second samples (samples B; probably recorded during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep), they were large and more variable. Oesophageal pressure oscillated similarly in the two groups of samples. In all cases, transmural systolic pulmonary artery pressure progressively increased throughout apnoeas, and subsequently decreased in the interapnoeic periods. However, both early and end-apnoeic transmural systolic pulmonary artery pressure, remained stable in samples A; whilst they progressively increased in samples B. Transmural systolic pulmonary artery pressure at the beginning of each apnoea was inversely correlated with SaO2 at the end of the preceding apnoea. These results suggest that transmural systolic pulmonary artery pressure is influenced by SaO2, but does not vary at the same speed as SaO2. In all cases, beat-by-beat analysis showed, as expected, that the lower the oesophageal pressure, the higher the transmural systolic pulmonary artery pressure however, at each oesophageal pressure level, transmural systolic pulmonary artery pressure was more variable and higher, in samples B. In conclusion, transmural systolic pulmonary artery pressure in obstructive apnoeas shows rapid changes, which reflect oesophageal pressure variations, and slower changes, which are likely to be caused by SaO2.
Steady-state plasma and intrapulmonary concentrations of piperacillin/tazobactam 4 g/0.5 g administered to critically ill patients with severe nosocomial pneumonia
Authors: Emmanuel Boselli, Dominique Breilh, Maxime Cannesson, Fabien Xuereb, Thomas Rimmelé, Dominique Chassard, Marie-Claude Saux, Bernard Allaouchiche
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Protection against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase
Authors: B Zingarelli
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: Peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radical, reactive oxidants produced during reperfusion, are potent triggers of DNA single strand breakage. DNA injury triggers the activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS), which contributes to cellular energetic depletion. Using 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of PARS, we investigated the role of PARS in the pathogenesis of myocardial reperfusion injury in a rat model. Methods and results: Occlusion of the left main coronary artery (one hour) followed by reperfusion (one hour) in the anesthetized rat caused severe cardiac necrosis, neutrophil infiltration, and increased plasma creatine phosphokinase activity. There was significant peroxynitrite production during reperfusion, as indicated by a massive increase in nitrotyrosine in the necrotic myocardium. Reperfusion was also associated with a significant loss of myocardial ATP. In vivo administration of the PARS inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (10 mg/kg i.v.) to rats subjected to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, reduced myocardial infarct size and blunted the increase in plasma creatine phosphokinase activity and myeloperoxidase activity in infarcted hearts. In addition, 3-aminobenzamide partially preserved the myocardial ATP levels. In vitro, pharmacological inhibition of PARS also ameliorated peroxynitrite-induced cytotoxicity in rat cardiac myocytes and human endothelial cells. Conclusion: 3-aminobenzamide has significant protective effects in myocardial reperfusion injury. We hypothesize that activation of PARS activation plays a role in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction.
ABUSE OF THE GALVANO-CAUTERY IN RHINOLOGY.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: W. H. DALY
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Since I may justly be considered by the profession to have been one of the founders of the school of intra-nasal surgery in America, I trust I may be pardoned if I speak briefly upon some of the abuses that have grown, with the tremendous advance of the special work of this branch of surgical practice. There are unfortunately always zealots who are ever ready to out-Herod Herod in any field of work; indeed there have been Christians, who have destroyed their fellow beings for the love of God. But it is of the modern, indeed the very latest crop of rhinologists about which I here, with some hesitation ask permission to speak, and in doing so beg to disclaim any intention of personal offense, but none the less I have an ardent desire to hold our excellent special branch of medical practice safe from the wild and injurious vagaries
Let's hear it for housing
Authors: P. J. Ambrose
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Introduction: Smoking is the leading global risk factor of preventable death, with high costs for the Health-Care System. Aims: To evaluate the prevalence of smoker status and to assess the portion of hospitalizations due to smoking-related diseases, as well as their impact on the total hospitalization costs in our thoracic units. Methods: Patients hospitalized in the Pulmonary Medicine, Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation divisions between February and July 2012 were interviewed about demographics and smoking. Data on the diagnosis and hospitalization costs were supplemented by the hospital’s information sector. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed. Results: 281 patients were interviewed and 344 admissions were recorded. The sample contained 157 never smokers (55,9%), 111 former smokers (39,5%) and 13 smokers (4,6%). Among never smokers and former smokers, 82% and 96%, respectively, had environmental tobacco exposure. Smoking-related diseases were responsible for 45% of all admissions (59% of smokers’ and former smokers’; 35% of never smokers’). Most common smoking related diseases were neoplasms (42,6%; 59% of them were lung cancer), tobacco-related-ILDs (13,5%) and COPD (12,3%). Hospitalizations for smoking-related diseases were responsible for 33% of total costs. Conclusions: This study points to the high prevalence of ever-smokers and environmental tobacco smoke, as well as the high proportion of hospitalizations for smoking-related diseases, even among never smokers. Also alerts to the significant portion of hospital costs for tobacco-related diseases in our thoracic units.
On the Uptake of Materials by the Intact Liver. THE TRANSPORT AND NET REMOVAL OF GALACTOSE
Authors: Carl A. Goresky, Glen G. Bach, Brita E. Nadeau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

D-galactose, a monosaccharide rapidly phosphorylated within liver cells, is irreversibly removed from the portal circulation. We have studied the kinetic relations between the hepatic cell entry process and the metabolic sequestration process, by means of the multiple indicator dilution technique. Labeled red blood cells (a vascular indicator), labeled sucrose (an extracellular reference), and labeled galactose were rapidly injected into the portal vein, and from rapidly sampled hepatic venous blood, normalized outflow-time patterns were secured. The labeled red cell curve rises to the highest and earliest peak, and decays rapidly; and that for labeled sucrose rises to a later and lower peak. Its extrapolated recovery is equivalent to that of the labeled red cells. At low blood galactose concentrations, the labeled galactose appears at the outflow with labeled sucrose, but is much reduced in magnitude, and exhibits a long tailing. Its outflow recovery is much reduced. At high blood galactose concentrations, the initial part of the profile increases towards that for labeled sucrose, the tailing becomes much larger in magnitude, and the outflow recovery becomes virtually complete. We have modeled the uptake of labeled galactose, and find two parts to the predicted outflow pattern, corresponding to our experimental observations; throughput material, which sweeps past the cell surface in the extracellular space; and returning material, which has entered the cells but escaped the sequestration process. Analysis of the data by use of this model provides estimates of both transmembrane fluxes and rates of sequestration. The capacity of the process subserving cell entry is found to be 40 times that for phosphorylation; and, whereas the K(m) value for sequestration is less than 15 mg/100 ml, that for entry is approximately 500 mg/100 ml. Both processes are relatively stereospecific; the entry of the L-stereoisomer is very slow and it undergoes no significant amount of metabolic sequestration. The sequestration process produces a lobular intracellular concentration gradient; and this gradient, in turn, produces some uncertainty in the estimate of the true K(m) value for the sequestration process.
Saving Charlotte Bronte
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (2012)

With Dickens’ 200th birthday only days away, Britain’s love affair with 19th century novelists continues. The Bronte sisters have another film out, and it is only two years since Elizabeth Gaskell’s work was last on television. What impresses me is how productive they all were in their short lives.⇑

Emily and Anne Bronte died in their 20s, and Gaskell and Dickens in their 50s, but the death that still grieves me, as a Yorkshire obstetrician, is that of Charlotte …
Genesis of Heart Sounds
Authors: Ravi Prakash
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to make the following comments about the production of A2. Leatham<sup>1</sup>recorded phonocardiograms and external carotid pulse tracings in ten healthy persons and concluded that the origin of the first component of S2 is associated with aortic valve closure by its relationship to the dicrotic notch. Although the foregoing hypothesis has been generally accepted, several investigators have reported that the first component of S2 precedes aortic valve closure by 5 to 30 ms.<sup>2-4</sup> To clarify this controversy regarding the relationship between the aortic valve closure and the first component of S2, we conducted a study on 20 subjects (<i>Geriatrics</i>26: 372-374, 1978). Simultaneous phono-cardiograms, ECGs, and echocardiograms were recorded on a strip-chart recorder. The points of separation and closure of the echoes of the two cusps of the aortic valve were considered to be the aortic opening and closing points, respectively. The
Compatible solutes
Authors: Roy D Sleator, Colin Hill
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

Recently we reported a role for compatible solute uptake in mediating bile tolerance and increased gastrointestinal persistence in the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes.1 Herein, we review the evolution in our understanding of how these low molecular weight molecules contribute to growth and survival of the pathogen both inside and outside the body, and how this stress survival mechanism may ultimately be used to target and kill the pathogen.
Enhanced IL-10 secretion by PBMC during the ragweed season: Effect of AIC immunotherapy vs placebo
Authors: P.S. Creticos, S.S. Lighvani, A.P. Bieneman, S.L. Balcer-Whaley, P.S. Norman, L.M. Lichtenstein, J.T. Schroeder
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
2004 update of BTS pneumonia guidelines: what's new?
Authors: J T Macfarlane
Journal: Thorax (2004)

An update of the BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults

The BTS guidelines for the management of adult community acquired pneumonia (CAP), published in December 2001, assessed relevant evidence published up to 2000.1 An update summarising more recent available evidence up to 2003 has just been published on the BTS website (www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/guidelines) using an identical search assessment and appraisal system. Minor additions or changes have been made in the sections on aetiology (related to nursing home acquired pneumonia), general investigations (use of C reactive protein and oximetry), general management, and vaccination strategies. The more important changes have been in the recommendations for the microbiological investigation of CAP, severity assessment, discharge planning, and antibiotics. At present these guidelines do not include information on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), for which an updated specific guideline is available on the BTS website to help clinicians with case definition and management and will shortly be published in the Journal of Infection .

### Microbiological investigation

Several studies have provided further evidence that the overall sensitivity of blood and sputum cultures in CAP is low, particularly for patients with non-severe CAP and no co-morbid disease and for those who have received antibiotic treatment before admission.2–5 This has led to a changed recommendation that blood cultures may be omitted in a patient with no severity indicators or co-morbid disease providing the diagnosis of CAP has been definitely confirmed. The latter condition is important, particularly when dealing with a febrile patient where the site of infection is not clear and blood cultures …
The Watering Eye
Authors: B. W. Rycroft
Journal: BMJ (1951)

An eye that persistently waters is not only a social embarrassment which cannot.be hidden but in certain cold jobs, such as the handling of fish or meat, it may jeopardize employment.Nowadays there is no need for a patient to tolerate "that long drip of human tears," as most cases are Curable by operations based on sound principles of plastic and ophthalmic surgery.
Diagnosis of pyrimidine 5′‐nucleotidase deficiency suspected from a blood film
Authors: Hassan A. Al‐Jafar, D. M. Layton, Lynn Robertson, Emilia Escuredo, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

A 21-year-old Kuwaiti female presented with severe anaemia. She gave a history that she had been anaemic and jaundiced at birth and had needed a blood transfusion. Thereafter she continued to be anaemic and had been transfused on a further nine occasions. At the age of 15 years, she had required cholecystectomy for gall stones. The patient was found to have mild hepatomegaly and enlargement of the spleen 23 cm below the left costal margin. A full blood count showed a hemoglobin concentration (Hb) of 81 g/l and a reticulocyte count of 13.7%. Bilirubin was 120 µmol/l and lactate dehydrogenase 1136 iu/l. Laboratory facilities to make a precise diagnosis of the hemolytic anaemia were not available. Shortly after presentation, the patient suffered blunt trauma to the abdomen and required splenectomy.1 Subsequently a presplenectomy blood film was reviewed and showed polychromatic macrocytes and prominent basophilic stippling (image), which varied from fine to coarse. The blood film findings, in the context of a congenital hemolytic anemia, suggested a diagnosis of pyrimidine 5′-nucleotidase (P5′N) deficiency and a blood sample was therefore sent from Kuwait to the UK for testing. Deficiency was confirmed: red cell P5′N was 1.0 nmol/h/mg Hb (normal range 9–20) with both parents having reduced activity (mother 4.0, father 6.0 nmol/h/mg Hb), consistent with heterozygosity. At this time, the patient's Hb was 90 g/l. Interestingly, a blood film made from the blood that had been couriered from Kuwait to the UK did not show any basophilic stippling, indicating the importance of a fresh blood sample for this morphological observation. Despite the sophisticated modern methods available for making a precise diagnosis in patients with hemolytic anemia, careful examination of a blood film can still provide a significant clue to the correct diagnosis. This case also illustrates the value of retaining blood films, particularly when there is an unresolved diagnostic problem.
Aspirin-induced increase in collateral flow after acute coronary occlusion in dogs.
Authors: N L Capurro, K C Marr, R Aamodt, R E Goldstein, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) has inhibitory effects on platelet function and prostaglandin synthesis. Since alterations in either platelet function or prostaglandin-mediated vascular responses could influence blood flow to ischemic myocardium, we tested the effects of aspirin on coronary collateral flow after acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in dogs. Aspirin dose (600 mg i.v.) consistently inhibited in vitro ADP-induced platelet aggregation. In 13 open-chest dogs, regional myocardial blood flows (radioactive microsphere technique) were determined at 5 minutes and 4 hours after occlusion). In seven of these dogs, aspirin (600 mg i.v.) was administered 1 hour before occlusion. In the aspirin-treated dogs, collateral flow increased significantly (p less than 0.05), from 0.09 +/- 0.02 ml/min/g at 5 minutes to 0.15 and 0.02 ml/min/g 4 hours after occlusion. Collateral flow was not significantly altered over 4 hours in control dogs. The aspirin-induced increase in collateral flow was confined to epicardium (12 +/- 4% of normal zone flow at 5 minutes to 23 +/- 4% at 4 hours after occlusion).
Influence of Probiotic Supplementation on the Primary Prevention of Eczema and Allergen Sensitization in at Risk Asian Infants: a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Trial
Authors: S SOH, M AW, I GEREZ, B LEE, Y CHONG, M RAUFF, H WONG, N PAI, L SHEK
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Early Treatment of Bell's Palsy
Authors: H. P. Pickerill, C. M. Pickerill
Journal: BMJ (1945)

CuSO4 Method of Phillips et at.(1943).-Asan indication of the ease and speed of this method it may be remarked that once the saturated solut-on of copper sulphate had been prepared the whole procedure of making the separate dilutions and finding the specific gravities of the plasmas took only four hours.Results The values for the total plasma nitrogen of the 45 boys are given here in the form of a distribution diagram.Z3 20 -MEAN ..-_--TDTAL PLASMA N IN 9J ER 1OOmiThe distribution of total plasma nitrogen in a group of 45 boys.
Tamoxifen Forms DNA Adducts in Human Colon after Administration of a Single [14C]-Labeled Therapeutic Dose
Authors: Karen Brown, Elaine M. Tompkins, David J. Boocock, Elizabeth A. Martin, Peter B. Farmer, Kenneth W. Turteltaub, Esther Ubick, David Hemingway, Emma Horner-Glister, Ian N.H. White
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Tamoxifen is widely prescribed for the treatment of breast cancer and is also licensed in the United States for the prevention of this disease. However, tamoxifen therapy is associated with an increased occurrence of endometrial cancer in women, and there is also evidence that it may elevate the risk of colorectal cancer. The underlying mechanisms responsible for tamoxifen-induced carcinogenesis in women have not yet been elucidated, but much interest has focused on the role of DNA adduct formation. We investigated the propensity of tamoxifen to bind irreversibly to colorectal DNA when given to 10 women as a single [14C]-labeled therapeutic (20 mg) dose, ∼18 h before undergoing colon resections. Using the sensitive technique of accelerator mass spectrometry, coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography separation of enzymatically digested DNA, a peak corresponding to authentic dG-N2-tamoxifen adduct was detected in samples from three patients, at levels ranging from 1 to 7 adducts/109 nucleotides. No [14C]-radiolabel associated with tamoxifen or its major metabolites was detected. The presence of detectable CYP3A4 protein in all colon samples suggests that this tissue has the potential to activate tamoxifen to α-hydroxytamoxifen, in addition to that occurring in the systemic circulation, and direct interaction of this metabolite with DNA could account for the binding observed. Although the level of tamoxifen-induced damage displayed a degree of interindividual variability, when present, it was ∼10 to 100 times higher than that reported for other suspect human colon carcinogens such as 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine. These findings provide a mechanistic basis through which tamoxifen could increase the incidence of colon cancers in women. [Cancer Res 2007;67(14):6995–7002]
1018 Clemastine (CLEM) (0.5 Mg) partially inhibits the early nasal allergic reaction when given 4 and 6 hours (hrs) before nasal challenge with allergen
Authors: F BAROODY, J CHUNG, M DETINEO, J SORRENTINO, C WINSLOW, R NACLERIO
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
French doctors demonstrate against law that threatens to turn public hospitals into commercial enterprises
Authors: P. Benkimoun
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Thousands of doctors and nurses from public hospitals across France marched in Paris last week in protest at a proposed act that is designed to change the governance of French hospitals.

Doctors think that it will give too much power to hospital directors, who will be given the role of “super managers.” Decisions will no longer be made by directors in collaboration with the medical profession but by directors alone.

The directors …
Topology of NGEP, a Prostate-Specific Cell:Cell Junction Protein Widely Expressed in Many Cancers of Different Grade Level
Authors: Sudipto Das, Yoonsoo Hahn, Dawn A. Walker, Satoshi Nagata, Mark C. Willingham, Donna M. Peehl, Tapan K. Bera, Byungkook Lee, Ira Pastan
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract New gene expressed in prostate (NGEP) is a prostate-specific polytopic membrane protein found at high concentrations at cell:cell contact regions. To determine if NGEP is a useful target for antibody-based therapy of prostate cancer, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of 126 human prostate carcinoma samples using polyclonal anti-NGEP sera and found that 91% of the cancers express NGEP protein. To elucidate the topology of NGEP and guide the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) reacting with the extracellular regions of NGEP, a hemagglutinin epitope tag was inserted at several positions within the NGEP sequence. The tagged proteins were expressed in 293T cells and locations of the tags were determined by immunofluorescence in intact or permeabilized cells. The results indicate that NGEP contains eight transmembrane domains with both the NH2 and COOH termini of NGEP located inside the cell. We produced mAb to three regions that are predicted to be intracellular based on the epitope tag data (amino acids 1-352, 441-501, and 868-933), and as predicted, the mAb only detected the protein in permeabilized cells. NGEP is a glycoprotein with predicted glycosylation sites at N809 and N824. When these residues were converted to glutamine, glycosylation was abolished, confirming that the residues are extracellular. Our findings on the expression and the orientation of the NGEP protein serve as an important framework for the development of mAb targeting the extracellular regions of NGEP that could be used for prostate cancer immunotherapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(15):6306–12]