tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Book Review Textbook of Bone Metastases Edited by Claude Jasmin, Robert E. Coleman, Lawrence R. Coia, Rodolfo Capanna, and Gérard Saillant. 568 pp., illustrated. Chichester, England, John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2005. $350. 0-471-87742-5
Authors: G. David Roodman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Experimental Evaluation of the Optimal In-Vitro Conditions for Bipolar Electrocoagulation in the Bile Duct
Authors: C. Offergeld, C. Tschöpe, H.-J. Brambs
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Background and Study Aims: Although there have been many reports concerning the therapeutic use and potential of laser and monopolar electrocoagulation therapy, little has been published on the effects of bipolar electrocoagulation on biliary tissue. Although it has been reported that endoscopic recanalization of malignant stent obstruction using bipolar electrocoagulation is an advantageous form of treatment, the optimal parameters for this type of treatment have not yet been determined. The purpose of this prospective study was therefore to evaluate, under in-vitro conditions, the maximum applicable energy required; the influence of probe angle and duration time on the extent of the coagulation achieved; and whether multiple intermittent short pulses show any significant differences in the extent of coagulation achieved, in comparison with the use of a single continuous pulse.
"Golden hellos" are needed to attract GPs to Wales, says commission
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

High rates of prescribing, an ageing workforce of GPs, a shortage of consultants, and long hospital waiting times are among the issues facing the NHS in Wales, according to a new Audit Commission report.

The report says that waiting times for inpatient admission are longer in Wales than elsewhere in the United Kingdom. At the end of last year 21% of people who were waiting for ordinary inpatient admissions in Wales had waited for over a year, compared with 5% in England. The report points out too that almost one in four patients who need major heart surgery in …
Stimulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat liver by hyaluronan fragments
Authors: Don C. Rockey, John J. Chung, Charlotte M. McKee, Paul W. Noble
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Hepatic injury and chronic wounding are characterized by increased synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins including hyaluronan (HA). Recently, it has been recognized that low-molecular-weight fragments of HA, but not native HA (e.g., high-molecular-weight HA), induce inflammatory gene expression, and activate the transcriptional regulator, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). The inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is induced by cytokines and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. Because of this association, we hypothesized that HA fragments might also stimulate iNOS gene transcription. The aims of this study were therefore to determine whether HA or HA fragments induced iNOS in hepatic cells, and to characterize the signaling pathway. HA fragments (100 μg/mL) markedly stimulated iNOS messenger RNA (mRNA) in endothelial and Kupffer cells, but minimally induced this mRNA in hepatocytes and stellate cells. High-molecular-weight HA (200 μg/mL) had no effect on iNOS mRNA in any cell type. The addition of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) to HA fragments resulted in stimulation of iNOS mRNA 2-, 3-, 4-, and 10-fold above that for HA fragments alone in hepatocytes, endothelial, Kupffer, and stellate cells, respectively. The combination of HA fragments and LPS did not result in an incremental increase in iNOS mRNA induction. iNOS protein and nitrite levels (used as a measure of NO production and NOS enzymatic activity) paralleled closely iNOS mRNA expression and increased proportionally to HA fragment concentration in a dose-dependent fashion. At 1 hour following stimulation, NF-κB DNA binding activity was detected in extracts from Kupffer cells stimulated with HA fragments, but not in those exposed to media alone or to high-molecular-weight HA. Finally, inhibitors of NF-κB blocked HA fragment-dependent iNOS mRNA induction in Kupffer and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The data indicate that HA fragments, but not high-molecular-weight HA, induce iNOS in liver, having the greatest effects on endothelial and Kupffer cells. We speculate that HA fragments may be an important stimulus for NO production in various forms of liver disease, particularly as a cofactor with inflammatory cytokines.
Transfer of Acutely Ill Cardiac Patients for Definitive Care
Authors: Donald G. Rubenstein
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The safety of transporting acutely ill cardiac patients for cardiac catheterization has not been established. We describe 755 consecutive patients sent by ambulance from community hospitals to a tertiary center during an 18-month period. Eighty-seven percent of the patients were class III or IV New York Heart Association classification for angina. At catheterization, left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction &lt;55%) was present in 40%. Forty-three percent of patients required urgent intervention (coronary artery bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). The patients were transported by paramedic ambulance up to 99 km (≤62 miles) without a physician in attendance. No complications occurred in patients transferred within our guidelines. We believe that seriously ill cardiac patients can be transferred safely for definitive care. A single tertiary center providing immediate access to catheterization and surgical facilities can service a large population and many community hospitals. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:1695-1698)
Sports Nuclear Medicine Bone Imaging for Lower Extremity Pain in Athletes
Authors: DAVID R. BRILL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Increased participation in sports by the general public has led to an increase in sports-induced injuries, including stress fractures, shin splints, arthritis, and a host of musculotendinous maladies. Bone scintigraphy with Tc-99m MDP has been used with increasing frequency in detecting stress fractures, but this study can miss certain important conditions and detect other lesions of lesser clinical significance. This paper demonstrates the spectrum of findings on bone scanning in nonacute sports trauma and offers suggestions for the optimal use of Tc-99m MDP for detecting the causes of lower extremity pain in athletes.
Effects of gender on performance in medicine
Authors: Jenny Firth-Cozens
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Fatigue is a very common and debilitating symptom and identified by patients as a critically important core outcome to be included in all trials involving patients receiving hemodialysis. A valid, standardized measure for fatigue is needed to yield meaningful and relevant evidence about this outcome. This study validated a core patient-reported outcome measure for fatigue in hemodialysis. <h3>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements</h3> A longitudinal cohort study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of a new fatigue measure (Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Hemodialysis Fatigue [SONG-HD Fatigue]). Eligible and consenting patients completed the measure at three time points: baseline, a week later, and 12 days following the second time point. Cronbach <i>α</i> and intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated to assess internal consistency, and Spearman rho was used to assess convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was also conducted. Hemodialysis units in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Romania participated in this study. Adult patients aged 18 years and over who were English speaking and receiving maintenance hemodialysis were eligible to participate. Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Hemodialysis, the Visual Analog Scale for fatigue, the 12-Item Short Form Survey, and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue were used. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 485 participants completed the study across the United Kingdom, Australia, and Romania. Psychometric assessment demonstrated that Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Hemodialysis is internally consistent (Cronbach <i>α</i> =0.81–0.86) and stable over a 1-week period (intraclass correlation coefficient =0.68–0.74). The measure demonstrated convergence with Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue and had moderate correlations with other measures that assessed related but not the same concept (the 12-Item Short Form Survey and the Visual Analog Scale). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-factor model. <h3>Conclusions</h3> SONG-HD Fatigue seems to be a reliable and valid measure to be used in trials involving patients receiving hemodialysis.
Royal College of Physicians — The Crown, the College and Smoking
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE foundation stone of the fifth home of the Royal College of Physicians was laid by Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, last month. Sir Robert Platt, P.R.C.P., recalled that the College was founded in 1518 by Henry VIII and that the close connection between the College and the reigning sovereign has never been lost in four hundred and forty years. The purpose of the foundation was "the improvement and more orderly exercise of the art of Physic and the repression of irregular unlearned and incompetent practitioners within the City of London and within seven miles thereof." It was in the . . .
Understanding Heart Sounds and Murmurs, With an Introduction to Lung Sounds
Authors: Leon Resnekov
Journal: JAMA (1985)

An accurate clinical diagnosis of cardiac disease requires a proper understanding of heart sounds and murmurs. Dr Ara G. Tilkian and Ms Mary Boudreau Conover, an RN and a medical educator, published in 1979 a small book to provide help and guidance in eliciting heart sounds and murmurs and in understanding their significance. A second edition has now appeared with modifications to the text and illustrations and with the addition of a new chapter on lung sounds. It is most unfortunate but regretfully a fact that less attention is paid these days to a careful examination clinically as physicians refer patients for complex and expensive investigations, both noninvasive and invasive. Unfortunately, exciting as these new diagnostic efforts have been, they are not infrequently subject to error and misinterpretation. A correct diagnosis of cardiovascular disease cannot infrequently be made when accurate clinical examination is allied with the appropriate additional investigation. There
EXPERIMENTAL ARTHRITIS IN THE RABBIT, PRODUCED WITH STREPTOCOCCUS MITIS
Authors: M. A. Rothschild, William Thalhimer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

1. We have produced arthritis in 50 per cent. of the rabbits injected with Streptococcus mitis. 2. The character of the arthritis is identical with that produced by Micrococcus rheumaticus. 3. The exudate in and about the joints partakes of the same nature as that caused by Streptococcus rheumaticus. 4. Bacteriological studies show that Streptococcus mitis can be recovered from about one third of the affected joints. 5. Arthritis produced by other types of streptococci differs by reason of greater destruction of tissue, by being more permanent in character, and by the exudate containing large numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 6. The deduction of a distinct variety or species of streptococcus based upon the power to cause arthritis in rabbits is unwarranted.
Detection of an Involvement of the Human Mismatch Repair Genes <b> <i>hMLH1</i> </b> and <b> <i>hMSH2</i> </b> in Nucleotide Excision Repair Is Dependent on UVC Fluence to Cells
Authors: David F. Lee, Regen Drouin, Photini Pitsikas, Andrew J. Rainbow
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract There is conflicting evidence for the role of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes hMLH1 and hMSH2 in the transcription-coupled repair (TCR) pathway of nucleotide excision repair. In the present work, we have examined the role of these MMR genes in nucleotide excision repair using two reporter gene assays. AdHCMVlacZ is a replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus that expresses the β-galactosidase reporter gene under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter. We have reported previously a reduced host cell reactivation (HCR) for β-galactosidase expression of UVC-irradiated AdHCMVlacZ in TCR-deficient Cockayne syndrome (CS) fibroblasts compared with normal fibroblasts, indicating that HCR depends, at least in part, on TCR. In addition, we have reported that UVC-enhanced expression of the undamaged reporter gene is induced at lower UVC fluences to cells and at higher levels after low UVC fluences in TCR-deficient compared with normal human fibroblasts, suggesting that persistent damage in active genes triggers increased activity from the human cytomegalovirus-driven reporter construct. We have examined HCR and UV-enhanced expression of the reporter gene in hMLH1-deficient HCT116 human colon adenocarcinoma cells and HCT116-chr3 cells (the MMR-proficient counterpart of HCT116) as well as hMSH2-deficient LoVo human colon adenocarcinoma cells and their hMSH2-proficient counterpart SW480 cells. We show a greater UV-enhanced expression of the undamaged reporter gene after low UVC exposure in HCT116 compared with HCT116-chr3 cells and in LoVo compared with SW480 cells. We show also a reduced HCR in HCT116 compared with HCT116-chr3 cells and in LoVo compared with SW480 cells. However, the reduction in HCR was less or absent when cells were pretreated with UVC. These results suggest that detection of an involvement of hMLH1 and hMSH2 in TCR is dependent on UVC (254 nm) fluence to cells.
Optimizing High-Risk Care Management
Authors: Brian W. Powers, Sreekanth K. Chaguturu, Timothy G. Ferris
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract A49: Repression of tumor survival pathways by novel, selective inhibitors of MNK1 and MNK2 kinases
Authors: Tomasz Rzymski, Agnieszka Dreas, Mariusz Milik, Katarzyna Kucwaj, Adrian Zarebski, Malgorzata Szajewska Skuta, Anna Cierpich, Charles Fabritius, Krzysztof Brzozka
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract MNK1 and MNK2 are MAP kinase-interacting kinases involved in regulation of translation. Both kinases phosphorylate translation initiation factor eIF4E on a conserved serine 209. eIF4E can contribute to the oncogenic transformation both in vitro and in vivo and is highly expressed in diverse types of cancer. Interestingly, mice that lack both MNK1 and MNK2 do not have any apparent phenotype and therefore represent interesting possibility to develop targeted and safe anticancer therapies. Herewith, we report the development of first selective small molecule inhibitors of MNK1 and MNK2 kinases and their in vitro cellular activity. Selvita developed a series of small molecule type I, ATP-competitive inhibitors targeting both MNK1 and MNK2 with mid nM activity range. Selected compounds were tested on a panel of 456 kinases and showed very high selectivity. Additionally, in cellular models such as serum stimulated SW480 cells, synthesized MNK1/2 inhibitors caused dose dependent inhibition of phosphorylation of eIF4e at Ser209 in line with the kinase activity profile. The observed cellular activity on biomarker inhibition was more potent than observed for reported in the literature MNK1/2 inhibitors such as cercosporamide and CGP57380. High activity of MNK1/2 inhibitors on in vitro biomarkers correlated with efficacy on cancer cells challenged with various stress conditions, typical for tumor microenvironment. These initial findings confirm that selective inhibition of MNK1/2 may repress major tumor survival pathways induced under stress and support further development of this class of compounds as a novel anticancer therapy with a promising therapeutic window. Citation Format: Tomasz Rzymski, Agnieszka Dreas, Mariusz Milik, Katarzyna Kucwaj, Adrian Zarebski, Malgorzata Szajewska Skuta, Anna Cierpich, Charles Fabritius, Krzysztof Brzozka. Repression of tumor survival pathways by novel, selective inhibitors of MNK1 and MNK2 kinases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A49.
A REPORT OF FOUR CASES OF FAT NECROSIS IN CONNECTION WITH GALLSTONES.
Authors: W. A. EVANS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The fact that I was able to find fat necrosis in three cases, and to learn of a fourth case in the course of two weeks, all of such cases either coming to autopsy or observed during surgical procedure, would indicate the probability that fat necrosis is not infrequently associated with gallstones, and that there is a necessity for more effort to differentiate gallstones with necrosis from gallstones without it. So far as our information at the present time would indicate, the only immediate value of such a differentiation would be in the line of prognosis. It is reasonable to conclude that more accurate and extensive observation would eventually lead to betterment of treatment, either in the matter of improved surgical technique, new surgical procedure or improved treatment along medicinal lines. Many authors have written of gallstones as prominent etiologic factors in fat necrosis, and in lesser measure in pancreatic
Insulin-like growth factor 2 enhances regulatory T-cell functions and suppresses food allergy in an experimental model
Authors: Gui Yang, Xiao-Rui Geng, Jiang-Ping Song, Yingying Wu, Hao Yan, Zhengke Zhan, Litao Yang, Weiyi He, Zhi-Qiang Liu, Shuqi Qiu, Zhigang Liu, Ping-Chang Yang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Langenbeck, Medical Great
Authors: H. W. Heupel
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the July 20 issue ofThe Journal(<b>185</b>:adv p 200) Konrad Johann Martin Langenbeck (1776-1851), professor of anatomy and surgery at Göttingen, is mentioned, and it is said, "An apocryphal legend reports that he could amputate an arm while a colleague was taking a pinch of snuff." A strikingly similar anecdote is told of Bernhard v. Langenbeck (1810-1887), professor of surgery at Berlin. C. L. Schleich who was his assistant in 1882 gives in his autobiography Langenbeck's account of the story. An American doctor had come to see his new "circle" amputation of the leg. "There he stood, and just when I got ready to circle the leg with my knife lightning fast, he had turned aside for a pinch, his handkerchief drawn; and when he turned back to me for observation, the leg was already down and an America trip snuffed away, which made
Enhanced Activation of T Cells by Dendritic Cells Engineered to Hyperexpress a Triad of Costimulatory Molecules
Authors: J. W. Hodge, A. N. Rad, D. W. Grosenbach, H. Sabzevari, A. G. Yafal, L. Gritz, J. Schlom
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Activation and proliferation of T cells are essential for a successful cellular immune response to an antigen. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) activate T cells through a two-signal mechanism. The first signal is antigen specific and causes T cells to enter the cell cycle. The second signal involves a costimulatory molecule that interacts with a ligand on the T-cell surface and leads to T-cell cytokine production and their proliferation. Dendritic cells express several costimulatory molecules and are believed to be the most potent APCs. Two recombinant poxvirus vectors (replication-defective avipox [fowlpox; rF] and a replication-competent vaccinia [rV]) have been engineered to express a triad of costimulatory molecules (B7-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and leukocyte function-associated antigen-3; designated TRICOM). This study was designed to determine if dendritic cells infected with these vectors would have an enhanced capacity to stimulate T-cell responses.Murine dendritic cells (of both intermediate maturity and full maturity) were infected with rF-TRICOM or rV-TRICOM and were used in vitro to stimulate naive T cells with the use of a pharmacologic agent as signal 1, to stimulate T cells in allospecific mixed lymphocyte cultures, and to stimulate CD8(+) T cells specific for a peptide from the ovalbumin (OVA) protein. In addition, dendritic cells infected with TRICOM vectors were pulsed with OVA peptide and used to vaccinate mice to examine T-cell responses in vivo. All statistical tests were two-sided.Dendritic cells infected with either rF-TRICOM or rV-TRICOM were found to greatly enhance naive T-cell activation (P<.001), allogeneic responses of T cells (P<.001), and peptide-specific T-cell stimulation in vitro (P<.001). Peptide-pulsed dendritic cells infected with rF-TRICOM or rV-TRICOM induced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity in vivo to a markedly greater extent than peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (P =.001 in both).The ability of dendritic cells to activate both naive and effector T cells in vitro and in vivo can be enhanced with the use of poxvirus vectors that potentiate the hyperexpression of a triad of costimulatory molecules. Use of either rF-TRICOM or rV-TRICOM vectors significantly improved the efficacy of dendritic cells in priming specific immune responses. These studies have implications in vaccine strategies for both cancer and infectious diseases.