tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSURANCE.
Authors: W. P. WHERY
Journal: JAMA (1905)

There are three chief purposes subserved by the American Medical Association—the advancement of science, the promotion of sociability, and the strengthening of the material interests of the members of the profession. The first purpose is accomplished with much success by the activities of the Association and its subordinate societies. The second purpose is inevitably aided by the meetings that are so frequently held and so well attended. But the third purpose, so far as collective action is considered, is generally neglected except by a very few local associations. It is self-evident that any plan that improves the financial welfare of physicians and that has the aid and sanction of the American Medical Association must conduce to the creation of strong fraternal relations among the members and thus consolidate the Association itself. The feeling of brotherhood would be quickened by the knowledge that the misfortunes of our fellow-members are not matters
Insulin Gene Structure and Function: A Review of Studies Using Recombinant DNA Methodology
Authors: M Alan Permutt, John Chirgwin, Peter Rotwein, Steve Giddings
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

This review focuses on recent advances in molecular biology as they pertain to the insulin gene and diabetes mellitus. The structure of the human insulin gene is examined, andfactors related to its normal functioning in the beta cells of the pancreas are explored.DNA polymorphisms near the insulin locus and their relationship with certain types of diabetes are considered, as are recently characterized human insulin gene mutations. Events in animal models for diabetes that reflect altered insulin gene expression are discussed and the potential application of gene therapy in human diabetes is examined. Recombinant DNA methodology holds great promise as a tool for providing better understanding of the causes of diabetes and potential curative treatment.
Dignitas is forced to offer its services from a former factory
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Dignitas, the Swiss organisation that helps people with terminal illnesses to end their lives, has had to begin offering its services in a former factory after being forced to leave the flat it was using in Zurich.

The owner of the block of flats asked Dignitas to leave by the end of September after opposition from residents and the media. The organisation, founded by the human rights lawyer Ludwig Minelli, found another flat but was unable to use it after the local council took action.

Mr Minelli, 75, then offered the living room of his own home in Maur, a village 12 km from Zurich, but local officials stepped in and banned its use for assisted suicides. Dignitas, which blames its problems on a “not in my back yard” attitude, had to resort to hotel rooms, and one man decided …
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antigen and the carboxy terminus of type VII collagen have a common immunolocalization to anchoring fibrils and lamina densa of basement membrane
Authors: H. SHIMIZU, J.N. McDONALD, D.B. GUNNER, M.M. BLACK, B. BHOGAL, I.M. LEIGH, P.C. WHITEHEAD, R.A.J. EADY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

In this study a variety of immunoelectron microscopic methods were used to define the precise ultrastructural binding site of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita antibodies (EBA-Ab). We used two EBA sera which immunoblotted with the same skin-extracted protein as that labelled by a monoclonal antibody (LH7.2) which is known to react with the carboxy terminus of type VII collagen. Gold-conjugated antibodies were used in two different immunoelectron microscopic procedures to compare the labelling characteristics of EBA-Ab and LH7.2 in normal human skin. Antibody incubations were performed using ultra-thin cryosections of unfixed skin and thin slices of fresh skin (en bloc technique) before conventional fixation and embedding in Epon. Both methods showed similar labelling features for both EBA-Ab and LH7.2. With ultra-thin cryosections there was labelling of the lamina densa and an undefined component of the sublamina densa region. With the en bloc technique, labelling of dermal ends of anchoring fibrils and of amorphous material recently defined as 'anchoring plaques' was evident. There was no labelling of the central banded portions of anchoring fibrils. We conclude that EBA-Ag is localized to the dermal ends of anchoring fibrils in addition to the lamina densa and possibly anchoring plaques, and thus has the same distribution as the carboxy terminus of type VII collagen.
Low Incidence of Childhood IDDM in District of Novosibirsk (Russia)
Authors: Evgeni Shubnikov, Toomas Podar, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Yuri Nikitin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objectives To study the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) among 0- to 14-yr-old children of the district of Novosibirsk, in western Siberia, Russia, from 1983 to 1989. Research Design and Methods Data were collected with methods recommended by the Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Group. Results The average yearly incidence among males and females was 4.7 (95% confidence interval 3.9–5.8) and 4.4 (95% confidence interval 3.6–5.4) per 100,000 people, respectively. The incidence of IDDM among children living in the city of Novosibirsk was significantly higher than in children living in the surrounding counties of the district, 5.7/100,000 (95% confidence interval 4.8–6.8) versus 3.6/100,000 (95% confidence interval 2.9–4.5). Conclusions The incidence of childhood IDDM among Russians in Siberia is low. This is the first publication of internationally comparable data on the occurrence of childhood IDDM in the Russian population.
Screening for rare pathogenic sequence variants in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: N. J. Prescott, B. Lehne, K. Harrison, J. Knight, M. Weale, M. Simpson, P. Green, C. Lewis, A. Hart, J. Sanderson, J. Mansfield, T. Schlitt, C. Mathew
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have delivered significant discoveries of common genetic variants that increase susceptibility to IBD. However, a substantial portion of the genetic heritability remains unaccounted for. A possible source for this is disease causing variants that are too rare to be detected by GWAS, but may have stronger genetic effects. We have adopted two strategies to identify rare disease causing variants in IBD utilising new sequencing technologies and our large London/Newcastle IBD biobank of over 4000 patient samples and 108 extended families. We aim to identify rare functional variants in IBD in order to: (1) help to explain some of the hidden heritability of IBD and (2) develop biomarkers for prediction of disease risk in relatives. <h3>Methods</h3> The protein coding exons and promoters of 500 genes either located in GWAS hit regions, or that interact with genes in GWAS regions (as identified by protein network-based analysis) are being sequenced in 500 CD patients and 500 controls from the 1958 Birth Cohort. The 500 CD cases selected have early-onset disease and/or a strong family history of disease to enrich for mutations of higher penetrance. Sequencing is carried out in pools of 24 cases or controls, and the frequencies of rare variants are compared in the two groups. We are also screening affected relatives from IBD families with four or more affected members for more highly penetrant mutations by sequencing the entire set of known protein coding exons for all ∼20 000 genes in the human genome. <h3>Results</h3> Thus far, DNA pool size has been optimised using known individual genotypes at 150 target loci. Sequencing the first 140 CD patients has detected 1047 novel variants in candidate genes that occur in multiple individuals, including potential functional variants in <i>IRF8</i> and <i>JAK2</i>. Whole-exome sequencing in three families has identified multiple genes containing novel potential disease-causing mutations that are shared between affected relatives, including 5 nonsense mutations, 3 amino acid deletions and 25 splice-site mutations. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Second generation sequencing is a powerful tool to identify novel disease-causing DNA sequence variants in patients and families with IBD. Careful analysis of the many variants detected and follow-up studies will be required to validate their role in pathogenesis. If confirmed, rare disease-causing variants are likely to have larger effects on disease risk and therefore be more useful in predicting disease risk in individuals with a family history of IBD as well as help indentify new CD susceptibility genes.
Privacy and Security of Personal Information in a New Health Care System
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

A COMPLEX health care information infrastructure will exist under a reformed health care system as proposed in the American Health Security Act of 1993. The success of the new system will depend in part on the accuracy, correctness, and trustworthiness of the information and the privacy rights of individuals to control the disclosure of personal information. All participants in the new system (consumers and patients, health plans, health alliances, and a national health board) will need access to high-quality information for informed decision making. At the same time, everyone must have confidence that information of a private nature is adequately protected. American society places a high value on individual rights, autonomous decision making, and the protection of the private sphere from governmental or other intrusion. Concerns about privacy transcend the health care setting.<sup>1-3</sup>Americans believe that their privacy rights are not adequately protected. In a 1993 Harris-Equifax poll<sup>4</sup>
The worth of a miracle
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: The Sézary Syndrome, Mycosis Fungoides, and Related Disorders
Authors: MARVIN LUTZNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Substantial evidence has accumulated to indicate not only that mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome are closely related malignancies, but to suggest that they are part of a larger spectrum of cutaneous lymphomas. The neoplastic cells of these disorders have membrane features of thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes, a characteristic tissue distribution (skin infiltration, marrow sparing, localization in T-cell regions of lymphoid tissue), and distinctive morphology. For these reasons, we suggest that these lymphoproliferative disorders be grouped together as "cutaneous T-cell lymphomas". The anergy noted in patients of this group with leukemia probably is related to both decreased percentages of normal T cells and presence in the serum of macrophage migration inhibitory activity. Leukapheresis has been particularly effective in the management of selected patients. The homogeneous T-cell populations in the patients with leukemia also provide important opportunities to study many aspects of lymphocyte physiology that are of broad biologic significance.
Pathophysiology of heart failure: more bricks in the ?crumbling sarcolemmal scaffolding? paradigm?
Authors: Stéphane Baudet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

See article by Takahashi et al. (pages 356–365) in this issue .

Despite major progress in the pharmacological management of congestive heart failure (CHF), life expectancy of patients suffering from CHF remains low [1]. Progress in the treatment of CHF (currently based on diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers (ARB), and β-blockers [1]) has relied on the recognition of the primary role of the adrenergic and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAA) systems, which are initially activated to compensate for the decreased cardiac output, but which, in the long run, aggravate myocardial performance, therefore perpetuating the vicious circle of the CHF process [2].

The myocardium is one final target of the deleterious effects of catecholamines and Ang II. This has led to the carrying out of studies aimed at understanding the damage done to cardiac myocytes and the potential beneficial effects of molecules protecting, directly or indirectly (through haemodynamic changes), the myocardium. Such studies at the myocyte level are still rare and mostly conducted in animal models of CHF [3]. Despite the variety of CHF models, major convergent findings have been disclosed. These include modified expression or activity of proteins involved in the excitation–contraction–coupling process and its neurohormonal modulation: ion channels (voltage-activated potassium channels), transduction pathway components (such as decreased expression of β1-adrenergic receptors, increased expression of Gi protein), intracellular calcium-regulating proteins (decreased expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase, increased expression of the sarcolemmal Na/Ca exchanger, altered function of the … 

*Tel.: +33 2 41 22 8269; fax: +33 2 41 8228. Email address: stephane.baudet{at}intervet.com
933 MICRORNA-221 TARGETS PUMA AND SENSITIZES HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELLS TO DOXORUBICIN TREATMENT
Authors: F. Fornari, L. Gramantieri, M. Milazzo, D. Pollutri, G.L. Grazi, M. Negrini, L. Bolondi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Psychiatric illness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: H Andrews, P Barczak, R N Allan
Journal: Gut (1987)

One hundred and sixty two consecutive patients attending a clinic for inflammatory bowel disease (91 Crohn9s, 71 ulcerative colitis) were assessed for the presence of anxiety and depression using a simple self-rating questionnaire (HAD scale) and a detailed evaluation (DSM-III). The overall prevalence of psychiatric illness (DSM-III) in ulcerative colitis and Crohn9s disease was 34% and 33% respectively. There was no statistically significant association in ulcerative colitis patients between the presence of psychiatric illness and the present physical illness. Psychiatric illness was more common in the physically ill patients with Crohn9s disease, compared with those who were well: 50% v 8% (p less than 0.01), using (HAD) criteria 66% v 37% (p less than 0.001). The presence of patients between the presence of psychiatric illness and the presence of physical illness. Psychiatric who were well: 50% v 8% (p less than 0.01) by DSM-III criteria, using (HAD) criteria 66% v 37% (p less than 0.001). The presence of psychiatric illness adversely affected physical recovery. Seventeen percent recovered when psychiatrically ill v 53% when psychiatrically well (p less than 0.025). The HAD scale was assessed as a screening method for psychiatric illness in this medical setting and had a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 79%.
Resident Physicians' Use of Professional and Nonprofessional Interpreters: A National Survey
Authors: Karen C. Lee, Jonathan P. Winickoff, Minah K. Kim, Eric G. Campbell, Joseph R. Betancourt, Elyse R. Park, Angela W. Maina, Joel S. Weissman
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE SUBSTANCES REQUIRED FOR CELL MULTIPLICATION
Authors: Lillian E. Baker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. It has been shown that the ash of liver, hemoglobin, and glutathione each exerts a very slight beneficial effect on the growth of sarcomatous fibroblasts of the rat, or on the condition of their cells when cultivated in a synthetic medium. 2. The addition of all three of these substances, or of only glutathione and hemoglobin, to a mixture of casein digest, glycocoll, and nucleic acid gives a medium in which sarcomatous fibroblasts of the rat proliferate for a considerable time as rapidly as in embryo juice. 3. The mixture is not as adequate a nutritive medium as embryo juice, for after a time dead cells are found surrounding the central fragment of the culture, and after several passages the growth becomes thinner. 4. The hypothesis is suggested that glutathione and hemoglobin may function not only by regulating the respiration and oxidation-reduction reactions within the cell, but also by regulating the oxidation-reduction potential of the medium. 5. It is suggested that the failure to obtain growth of fibroblasts in mixtures of amino acids or of the products of complete acid hydrolysis of proteins is in part due to the absence of glutathione, and that this substance is not synthetized by fibroblasts. 6. The growth of normal fibroblasts of the rat is also increased by the addition of the above mentioned substances to a synthetic medium.
Endogenous endothelin-1 mediates cardiac hypertrophy and switching of myosin heavy chain gene expression in rat ventricular myocardium
Authors: Ken-Ichiro Ichikawa, Chiaki Hidai, Chikako Okuda, Shin-Ichi Kimata, Rumiko Matsuoka, Saichi Hosoda, Thomas Quertermous, Masatoshi Kawana
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
SAFE ADMINISTRATION OF THERAPEUTIC DOSES OF I-131 SODIUM IODIDE
Authors: Kathy S. Thomas, Ron A. Fomin, Deborah A. Drake
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Reducing exposure to ionizing radiation during therapeutic administration of I-131 sodium iodide is a continuing effort at our institution. An improved technique utilizing a closed system during therapeutic administration offers three key advantages: 1) elimination of exposure to volatile I-131 gas, 2) spillage prevention, 3) temporal reduction of handling. The closed system distributed by Syncor International, consists of a 10 cc evacuated vial and an oral radioisotope administration set (by Paramedical, Inc.). The therapy dose is administered by inserting an 8 cm needle into the evacuated vial. The needle is attached to a short plastic tubing which acts as a straw. Rinsing is accomplished by injecting 20 cc of water into the vial. Previous systems required opening the vial for administration which released I-131 gas. To reduce the level of gas and thus the possibility of thyroid burden, the vial was vented 3–5 min. Refrigeration of the dose and use of distilled water for rinsing the vial were other techniques necessary to reduce the volatility of the iodine. A sealed system eliminates this concern and the possibility of spillage. The time consuming preparation prior to dosing the patient, and the complicated set-up during administration to insure minimum exposure to the I-131 gas is essentially unnecessary with a sealed system and results in a significant savings in time. A closed system for administering therapeutic doses of I-131 sodium iodide prevents exposure to volatile I-131 gas, eliminates the possibility of spillage, and results in a more efficient and time-saving procedure.
Book Review The Endometrium: Molecular, Cellular, and Clinical Perspectives (Reproductive Medicine &amp; Assisted Reproductive Techniques.) Second edition. Edited by John D. Aplin, Asgerally T. Fazleabas, Stanley R. Glasser, and Linda C. Giudice. 879 pp., illustrated. London, Informa Healthcare, 2008. $559.95. 978-0-415-38583-1
Authors: David L. Olive
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)
Treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis with ketoconazole: II. Response of seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face, scalp and trunk to topical ketoconazole
Authors: C.A. GREEN, P.M. FARR, S. SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was made of 2% ketoconazole cream and shampoo in 20 patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis of the face. Sixteen also had seborrhoeic dermatitis of the scalp and five had seborrhoeic dermatitis of the chest or back. Responses were measured by clinicians and patients independently using a grading system and linear analogue scales, respectively. Face and scalp lesions, assessed by both patient and clinician, showed a significant improvement or complete clearance in the group treated with ketoconazole. The patients who had seborrhoeic dermatitis of the chest or back and were treated with ketoconazole also improved. There was no improvement with placebo. This study provides further evidence for the aetiological role of pityrosporon yeasts in seborrhoeic dermatitis and of the efficacy of topical ketoconazole in its treatment.
Platelet depletion and aspirin treatment protect mice in a two-event model of transfusion-related acute lung injury
Authors: Mark R. Looney, John X. Nguyen, Yongmei Hu, Jessica A. Van Ziffle, Clifford A. Lowell, Michael A. Matthay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-associated mortality in the US. Previously, we established an immune-mediated TRALI mouse model, wherein mice with cognate antigen were challenged with MHC class I mAb. In this study, when mice housed in a rodent, specific pathogen–free barrier room were challenged with MHC I mAb, there was significant protection from TRALI compared with nonbarrier mice. Priming mice with LPS restored lung injury with mAb challenge. Using TLR4-deficient bone marrow chimeras, the priming phenotype was restricted to animals with WT hematopoietic cells, and depletion of either neutrophils or platelets was protective. Both neutrophils and platelets were sequestered in the lungs of mice with TRALI, and retention of platelets was neutrophil dependent. Interestingly, treatment with aspirin prevented lung injury and mortality, but blocking the P selectin or CD11b/CD18 pathways did not. These data suggest a 2-step mechanism of TRALI: priming of hematopoietic cells, followed by vascular deposition of activated neutrophils and platelets that then mediate the severe lung injury. Furthermore, our data offer an explanation for the increased incidence of TRALI in patients with immune priming conditions, and we suggest what we believe to be a novel therapeutic approach.