tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of atrial natriuretic factor on transmural myocardial blood flow distribution in the dog.
Authors: R P Bauman, J C Rembert, S I Himmelstein, P E Klotman, J C Greenfield
Journal: Circulation (1987)

These studies were designed to define the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on coronary flow. ANP was infused as a bolus directly into the left circumflex coronary artery in doses ranging from 0.05 to 5 micrograms in nine open-chest, anesthetized dogs. Coronary flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. Regional transmural myocardial blood flow and distribution were measured with 11.3 +/- 0.25 micron radionuclide-labeled microspheres. No significant change was noted in systemic hemodynamics (heart rate, arterial pressure, left atrial pressure, or cardiac output) during the course of the studies. ANP produced a transient vasodilatation of coronary resistance vessels and increased flow by 41% after both the 2.5 and 5 micrograms doses. The vasodilatation occurred uniformly throughout the ventricular wall so that the endocardial/epicardial flow ratio remained constant. There was no evidence of coronary vasoconstriction. The peak vasodilatation response occurred 28 +/- 7 sec after the beginning of the infusion of ANP and lasted approximately 3 min. These data support the hypothesis that ANP administration is associated with a vasodilator response in the coronary resistance vessels that may be modulated through either the release of another vasodilator substance or another mechanism.
Public health impact and cost effectiveness of mass vaccination with live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) in India: model based analysis
Authors: J. Rose, R. L Hawthorn, B. Watts, M. E Singer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objectives</b> To examine the public health impact of mass vaccination with live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) in a birth cohort in India, and to estimate the cost effectiveness and affordability of such a programme. <b>Design</b> Decision analytical Markov model encompassing all direct medical costs. Infection risk and severity depended on age, number of previous infections, and vaccination history; probabilities of use of inpatient and outpatient health services depended on symptom severity. <b>Data sources</b> Published clinical, epidemiological, and economic data. When possible, parameter estimates were based on data specific for India. <b>Population</b> Simulated Indian birth cohort followed for five years. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Decrease in rotavirus gastroenteritis episodes (non-severe and severe), deaths, outpatient visits, and admission to hospital; incremental cost effectiveness ratio of vaccination expressed as net cost in 2007 rupees per life year saved. <b>Results</b> In the base case, vaccination prevented 28 943 (29.7%) symptomatic episodes, 6981 (38.2%) severe episodes, 164 deaths (41.0%), 7178 (33.3%) outpatient visits, and 812 (34.3%) admissions to hospital per 100 000 children. Vaccination cost 8023 rupees (about £100, €113, $165) per life year saved, less than India's per capita gross domestic product, a common criterion for cost effectiveness. The net programme cost would be equivalent to 11.6% of the 2006-7 budget of the Indian Department of Health and Family Welfare. Model results were most sensitive to variations in access to outpatient care for those with severe symptoms. If this parameter was increased to its upper limit, the incremental cost effectiveness ratio for vaccination still fell between one and three times the per capita gross domestic product, meeting the World Health Organization's criterion for "cost effective" interventions. Uncertainty analysis indicated a 94.7% probability that vaccination would be cost effective according to a criterion of one times per capita gross domestic product per life year saved, and a 97.8% probability that it would be cost effective according to a criterion of three times per capita gross domestic product. <b>Conclusions</b> Across a wide range of assumptions, mass RIX4414 vaccination in India would probably prevent substantial morbidity and mortality at a cost per life year saved below typical thresholds of cost effectiveness. The opportunity costs of such a programme in this or similar settings, however, should be weighed up carefully.
Transplantation Antibodies in Human Recipients of Renal Homografts
Authors: George M. Williams, David M. Hume, Kyoichi Kano, Felix Milgrom
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Transplantation antibodies in the sera of eight patients who survived rejection of one or two renal grafts were studied by the mixed agglutination tests with cell cultures. Evidence that transplantation antibodies are removed from the recipient's circulation by the functioning graft was as follows: (1) the antibodies were detected in sera of the patients during the terminal stage of rejection or after the removal of the graft but never during the normal function of the graft; (2) the antibodies could be eluted from the rejected grafts. Present data also brought some evidence for the possible participation of humoral antibodies in rejection of renal grafts.
Human Genome Initiatives Make Strides to Better Understand Health and Disease
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
General Hugh Mercer
Authors: Irwin A. Brody
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

AMONG the many physicians who won fame in fields other than medicine, those who relinquished their medical careers to serve as soldiers in the armies of their country deserve special recognition. These men frequently unite the qualities of the fearless warrior with those of the gentle man of learning, and no one more nobly illustrates this combination of the medical and the martial temper than General Hugh Mercer.On April 16, 1746, an army of kilted Highlanders marched into battle at Culloden in Scotland, singing jauntily, to the tune of their bagpipes, "Wha shall be King but Charlie?" When Charles . . .
Ink spots: are tattoos useful?
Authors: I. Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Once they were useful. It wasn’t that they provided obvious diagnostic pointers. Indeed, their presence was often unrelated to the patient’s presenting complaints. But as a way into exploring an individual’s life and circumstances, tattoos could be invaluable.

Perhaps you’ve seen the (increasingly rare) type that identifies an Auschwitz survivor. Small and typically blurred, these ugly marks have a chilling effect. And having recognised one, just recording “Nil relevant” in the person’s social history could be considered negligent. Like no other single clinical feature, these emblems told you a lot …
Abstract 4036: Curcumin induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis through cell type-specific interruption of redox balance in cervical cancer cells.
Authors: Boyun Kim, Eun-Ji Jung, Yong Sang Song
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Prolonged accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins prompts a cellular stress condition known as ER stress which activates unfolded protein response (UPR). The ER stress is usually sustained at higher level in cancers than in normal cells due to altered metabolism of the cancer. Recent studies have shown that curcumin, a major yellow pigment of tumeric derived from Curcuma longa plant, triggers apoptosis through induction of ER stress in several cancer cells. Here, we found that ER stress was induced by interruption of redox balance when cervical cancer cells were exposed to curcumin. We used four cervical cancer cell lines, C33A, CaSki, HeLa and ME180. Curcumin inhibited proliferation of cervical cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptotic cell death (increase of AnnexinV-positive and SubG1 fraction). Additionally, proteolytic activation of caspase-9 and -3 and PARP cleavage were shown in cervical cancer cells. We next evaluated activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) in response to curcumin. Three ER-resident sensors (PERK, IRE1α and ATF6) and their down-signaling proteins (XBP1, ATF4 and eIF2α) were activated in all cervical cancer cells (C33A, CaSki, HeLa and ME180), but not in normal cervical epithelial cell. Also, one of UPR down-signaling proteins CHOP/GADD153, which is a transcription factor inducing ER stress-mediated apoptosis, was up-regulated by curcumin. CHOP/GADD153 decreased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and subsequently promoted apoptosis of cervical cancer cells exposed to curcumin. Furthermore, curcumin led to elevation of intracellular ROS in CaSki and ME180 cells, but not in C33A, HeLa and normal cervical epithelial cell. Pretreatment of N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger) resulted in inhibition of ER stress and cell death at least in part. Taken together, these results show that curcumin promotes ER stress-mediated apoptosis through cell type-specific ROS generation in cervical cancer cells. Citation Format: Boyun Kim, Eun-Ji Jung, Yong Sang Song. Curcumin induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis through cell type-specific interruption of redox balance in cervical cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4036. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4036
UK bodies give £100m for academic medical training
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The performance of cytotoxic drugs is defined by their selectivity of uptake and action in tumor tissue. Recent clinical responses achieved by treating metastatic malignant melanoma with therapeutic modalities based on gene expression profiling showed that malignant melanoma is amenable to systemic treatment. However, these responses are not persistent, and complementary targeted treatment strategies are required for malignant melanoma. <b>Methods:</b> Here we provide our experience with different labeling procedures for the radioiodination of benzamides and report on initial dosimetry data and the first therapeutic application of <sup>131</sup>I-BA52, a novel melanin-binding benzamide in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Twenty-six adults with histologically documented metastasized malignant melanoma received a single dose of 235 ± 62 MBq of <sup>123</sup>I-BA52 for planar and SPECT/CT imaging. Nine patients were selected for radionuclide therapy and received a median of 4 GBq (minimum, 0.51 GBq; maximum, 6.60 GBq) of the β-emitting radiopharmaceutical <sup>131</sup>I-BA52. <b>Results:</b> A trimethyltin precursor–based synthesis demonstrated high radiochemical yields in the large-scale production of radioiodinated benzamides required for clinical application. <sup>123</sup>I-BA52 showed specific uptake and long-term retention in tumor tissue with low transient uptake in the excretory organs. In tumor tissue, a maximum dose of 12.2 Gy per GBq of <sup>131</sup>I-BA52 was calculated. The highest estimated dose to a normal organ was found for the lung (mean, 3.1 Gy/GBq). No relevant acute or mid-term toxicity was observed with the doses administered until now. Even though dosimetric calculations reveal that the doses applied in this early phase of clinical application can be significantly increased, we observed antitumor effects with follow-up imaging, and single patients of the benzamide-positive cohort of patients (3/5 of the patients receiving a dose &gt; 4.3 GBq) demonstrated a surprisingly long survival of more than 2 y. <b>Conclusion:</b> These data indicate that systemic radionuclide therapy using <sup>131</sup>I-BA52 as a novel approach for the therapy of malignant melanoma is of considerable potential. Future trials should be done to enhance the precision of dosimetry, validate the maximum tolerable dose, and evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment in a prospective manner.
959 Comparison of histological and clinical changes between before and after spontaneous loss of hepatitis B surface antigen
Authors: S AHN, C CHON, Y PARK, H CHANG, J PARK, K HAN, C PARK, Y MOON
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We have isolated a genomic clone encoding human selenoprotein P including the putative promoter region. The gene spans 12 kb and consists of five exons with a start codon in the second exon. A typical TATA sequence, the recognition motifs for a GATA-binding factor and the liver-specific factors, HNF-1 and HNF-3, were detected upstream from the transcription start point.
Effects of repeated skin exposure to low nickel concentrations: a model for allergic contact dermatitis to nickel on the hands
Authors: None Nielsen, None Menné, None Kristiansen, None Christensen, None Borg, None Poulsen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

We studied the effects of repeated daily exposure to low nickel concentrations on the hands of patients with hand eczema and nickel allergy. The concentrations used were chosen to represent the range of trace to moderate occupational nickel exposure. The study was double‐blinded and placebo controlled. Patients immersed a finger for 10 min daily into a 10‐p.p.m. nickel concentration in water for the first week, and during the second week into a 100‐p.p.m. nickel concentration. This regimen significantly increased (P= 0.05) local vesicle formation and blood flow (P= 0.03) as compared with a group of patients who immersed a finger into water. The nickel concentrations used also provoked significant inflammatory skin changes on sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)‐treated forearm skin of the patients, whereas inflammatory skin changes were not observed in healthy volunteers without hand eczema and nickel allergy, either on normal or on SLS‐treated forearm skin. The present study strongly suggests that the changes observed were specific to nickel exposure. Standardized methods to assess trace to moderate nickel exposure on the hands, and the associated effects in nickel‐sensitized subjects, are needed.
The Harvard Way
Authors: Jo Ellen Patterson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Dr Walker described a phenomenon that is commonly known but seldom verbalized. There seems to be a strong relationship between academic achievement and insensitive behavior. Fortunately, there are many exceptions to this generalization. Those academicians who should be most concerned about this trend are often oblivious or indifferent.  Personal qualities in medical education are not always ignored. In addition to academic qualifications, medical admissions committees try to assess personal qualities of applicants. It is just as common for applicants to be aware of the personal characteristics of the professors, residency, or school to which they are applying. For example, physicians frequently stereotype different medical specialists. Surgeons are described differently from pediatricians. In choosing medical schools or residencies, the informal information gained through casual conversations is often as important as the academic reputation.  Applicants should interview the schools at the same time they are being interviewed. They should
Prevalence of Milk, Peanut and Egg Allergies in A Socioeconomically Diverse Cohort of Infants: Identifying Cases of Food Allergy for Field Studies Using an Expert Panel
Authors: Jerel M. Ezell, Suzanne Havstad, Haejin Kim, Ganesa Wegienka, Dennis Ownby, Edward M. Zoratti, Christine Cole Johnson, Christine L.M. Joseph
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Abstract 601: Macitentan (ACT-064992), a tissue-targeting endothelin receptor antagonist enhances therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel by modulating survival pathways in orthotopic models of metastatic human ovarian cancer
Authors: Sun Jin Kim, Jang Seong Kim, Seung Wook Kim, Emily C. Brantley, Seok Joong Yun, Junqin He, Maya K. Marva, Fahao Zhang, Qiuyu Wu, Francois Lehembre, Urs Regenass, Isaiah J. Fidler
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: In 2009, ovarian cancer was the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in the United States. Efforts to develop tools for early detection and therapeutic regimens to overcome drug resistance of the ovarian cancer have not made a significant achievement to prolong the median survial of the patients. Potential treatments for ovarian cancers that have become resistant to standard chemotherapies include modulators of tumor cell survival, such as endothelin receptor (ETR) antagonist. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the dual ETR antagonist, macitentan, on human ovarian cancer cells, SKOV3ip1 and IGROV1, growing orthotopically in nude mice. Materials and Methods: Mice were injected with one million cells of SKOV3ip1 or IGROV1. Ten days later, mice with established disease were randomized into vehicle (control), paclitaxel (weekly, intraperitoneal injections), macitentan (daily oral administrations) or a combination of paclitaxel and macitentan treatment groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, mice were necropsied and tumor incidence, tumor weight, and incidence of ascites were recorded. Tumor tissues were processed for immunohistochemical analyses. Results: Treatment with paclitaxel decreased tumor weight and volume of ascites. Combination therapy with macitentan and paclitaxel reduced tumor incidence and further reduced tumor weight and volume of ascites when compared with paclitaxel alone. Macitentan alone occasionally reduced tumor weight but alone had no effect on tumor incidence or ascites. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that treatment with macitentan and macitentan plus paclitaxel inhibited the phosphorylation of ETRs and suppressed the survival pathways of tumor cells by decreasing the levels of pVEGFR2, pAkt, and pMAPK. The dose of macitentan necessary for inhibition of phosphorylation correlated with the dose required to increase antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel. Conclusion: Treatment with macitentan enhanced the cytotoxicity mediated by paclitaxel as measured by the degree of apoptosis in tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells. Collectively, these results show that administration of macitentan in combination with paclitaxel prevents the progression of ovarian cancer in the peritoneal cavity of nude mice in part by inhibiting survival pathways of both tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 601. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-601
Smallpox Vaccine in Plastic Tubing
Authors: E. D. B. Wolfe
Journal: BMJ (1966)

s personal opinions and not the conclusions of their inquiry.A firm statement that legisla- tion should be delayed till the committee has finally reported should again be made and should be addressed not only to political parties but private members of both Houses.In order to remove all taint of prejudice from the B.M.A. special committee, it may be desirable to convene a new committee under a different chairman, though those who encouraged this precipitate action by
Healing in the valley of Jezreel
Authors: S. P Joseph
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Any history of the Holy Land will contain many references to the valley of Jezreel. Many battles were fought there when ancient Israel struggled against its enemies. Gideon won a great victory over the Midianites and the Amalekites in the valley, as did Jehu when he overthrew Ahab's dynasty. Deborah, Saul, and Josiah also fought their enemies there and it is said that more battles were fought in this place than anywhere on earth. Unfortunately this trend continues in modern times.

The Israeli town of Afula is situated in the middle of the valley. A glance at a modern map reveals how close it is to many northern Israeli centres of population and to major towns on the West Bank, including Jenin. Its hospital is called Ha'emek, “The Valley,” a nod to the local geography. The hospital's ethic echoes the local ethnicity—there is a large Israeli Arab population within its catchment area and Nazareth is easily visible from its windows. Like most Israeli hospitals, Ha'emek admits patients of …
Reviews and Notes: Practical Atlas of Retinal Disease and Therapy
Authors: Marc De Smet
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine15 February 1994Reviews and Notes: Practical Atlas of Retinal Disease and TherapyMarc De SmetMarc De SmetNational Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-4-199402150-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Practical Atlas of Retinal Disease and TherapyWilliam R. Freeman; ed. 330 pages. New York: Raven Press; 1993. $165.00.The past few years have led to dramatic changes in the practice of medicine. Thanks to technologic advances and careful epidemiologic studies, the surgical and medical management of retinal diseases has undergone a quiet revolution. Unfortunately, few people outside of the field of ophthalmology have been able to follow these developments. Yet many of these advances are of particular concern to internists. In a recent survey, only 60% of patients with diabetes had regular eye examinations even though the long-term benefit ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 4Page: 349KeywordsEpidemiologyLibrariesOphthalmologyOpportunistic infectionsRetinaRetinopathySurgery ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 February 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...