tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brush Biopsy and Mucosal Biopsy
Authors: ANDREW BUSH, PETR POHUNEK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy allows inspection and biopsy of superficial airway structures, typically including epithelium, basement membrane, and lamina propria. Thus, mucosal structures and events can be studied, but the technique is less applicable to studies of smooth muscle. Numerous bronchoscopic studies in adults have established the importance of helper T type 2 (Th2) lymphocyte-mediated, eosinophil-driven airway inflammation in adults with asthma. So commonplace is fiberoptic bronchoscopy in adult volunteers that serial bronchoscopies, for example, endobronchial segmental allergen challenges with repeat bronchoscopy, segmental lavage, and biopsy, are routinely performed. Bronchoscopy has enabled fundamental questions about airway biology and pathophysiological mechanism of inflammation to be addressed, not only in the context of asthma. A MEDLINE search combining [asthma and biopsy and (airway or endobronchial or bronchial or mucosal)] yielded 162 references. However, when this search was combined with [child or paediatric or pediatric or children] this was reduced to only three relevant hits, none of which were in the English language (1–3). One other study looked at changes after respiratory infection (4). Articles about adults have sometimes contained material about older children (5), and there are occasional informative case reports (6). The questions that arise are as follows.
Morphologic and functional heterogeneity of chronic neutropenia of childhood with normal neutrophil colony formation in vitro
Authors: A. Komiyama, M. Yamazaki, S. Yoda, H. Saitoh, H. Morosawa, T. Akabane
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract In order to obtain further knowledge of chronic neutropenia of childhood, we studied nine neutropenic infants six to ten months of age by in vitro techniques, including bone marrow culture, electron microscopy, and chemotaxis assay. Eight of the nine patients had a benign clinical course and the bone marrow aspirates showed a reduced number of segmented neutrophils. The ninth patient had a moderately severe course and the bone marrow showed maturation arrest at the promyelocyte stage. Bone marrow cultures demonstrated that the in vitro neutrophil colony formation and production of colony‐stimulating activity were normal in all of the eight patients studied. Neutrophils from one of the nine patients had ultrastructural abnormalities such as a decrease in number of primary and secondary granules and the presence of myelin figures in primary granules. Neutrophil chemotaxis was defective in three of the nine patients. All of the six patients in whom the neutrophil colony formation in agar, the ultrastructure of neutrophils, and neutrophil chemotaxis were normal recovered from the neutropenia between 11 and 30 months of age. These in vitro parameters appear to be useful for evaluating chronic neutropenia of childhood.
Concurrent Administration of High-Dose Rituximab Before and After Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Relapsed Aggressive B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas
Authors: Issa F. Khouri, Rima M. Saliba, Chitra Hosing, Grace-Julia Okoroji, Sandra Acholonu, Paolo Anderlini, Daniel Couriel, Marcos De Lima, Michele L. Donato, Luis Fayad, Segio Giralt, Roy Jones, Martin Korbling, Farzaneh Maadani, John T. Manning, Barbara Pro, Elizabeth Shpall, Anas Younes, Peter McLaughlin, Richard E. Champlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

We investigated the efficacy and safety of administering high-dose rituximab (HD-R) in combination with high-dose carmustine, cytarabine, etoposide, and melphalan chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation (SCT) in patients with recurrent B-cell aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).Sixty-seven consecutive patients were treated. Rituximab was administered during stem-cell mobilization (1 day before chemotherapy at 375 mg/m(2) and 7 days after chemotherapy at 1,000 mg/m(2)), together with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 10 mug/kg and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 250 microg/m(2) administered subcutaneously daily. HD-R of 1,000 mg/m(2) was administered again days 1 and 8 after transplantation. The results of this treatment were retrospectively compared with those of a historical control group receiving the same preparative regimen without rituximab.With a median follow-up time for the study group of 20 months, the overall survival rate at 2-years was 80% (95% CI, 65% to 89%) for the study group and 53% (95% CI, 34% to 69%) for the control group (P = .002). Disease-free survival was 67% (95% CI, 51% to 79%) for the study group and 43% (95% CI, 26% to 60%) for the control group (P = .004). The median time to recovery of absolute neutrophil count to >/= 500 cells/microL was 11 days (range, 8 to 37 days) for the rituximab group and 10 days (range, 8 to 17 days) for the matched control group (P = .001). However, infections were not significantly increased in patients treated with rituximab.The results of this study suggest that using HD-R and autologous SCT is a feasible and promising treatment for patients with B-cell aggressive NHL.
Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and a Dose-Response Meta-analysis
Authors: Ming Ding, Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju, Mu Chen, Rob M. van Dam, Frank B. Hu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE Previous meta-analyses identified an inverse association of coffee consumption with the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, an updated meta-analysis is needed because new studies comparing the trends of association for caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee have since been published. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS PubMed and Embase were searched for cohort or nested case-control studies that assessed the relationship of coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes from 1966 to February 2013. A restricted cubic spline random-effects model was used. RESULTS Twenty-eight prospective studies were included in the analysis, with 1,109,272 study participants and 45,335 cases of type 2 diabetes. The follow-up duration ranged from 10 months to 20 years. Compared with no or rare coffee consumption, the relative risk (RR; 95% CI) for diabetes was 0.92 (0.90–0.94), 0.85 (0.82–0.88), 0.79 (0.75–0.83), 0.75 (0.71–0.80), 0.71 (0.65–0.76), and 0.67 (0.61–0.74) for 1–6 cups/day, respectively. The RR of diabetes for a 1 cup/day increase was 0.91 (0.89–0.94) for caffeinated coffee consumption and 0.94 (0.91–0.98) for decaffeinated coffee consumption (P for difference = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS Coffee consumption was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in a dose-response manner. Both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee was associated with reduced diabetes risk.
Cardioprotective Effect of Diazoxide and Its Interaction With Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive K <sup>+</sup> Channels
Authors: Keith D. Garlid, Petr Paucek, Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy, Holt N. Murray, Raymond B. Darbenzio, Albert J. D’Alonzo, Nicholas J. Lodge, Mark A. Smith, Gary J. Grover
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract Previous studies showed a poor correlation between sarcolemmal K + currents and cardioprotection for ATP-sensitive K + channel (K ATP ) openers. Diazoxide is a weak cardiac sarcolemmal K ATP opener, but it is a potent opener of mitochondrial K ATP , making it a useful tool for determining the importance of this mitochondrial site. In reconstituted bovine heart K ATP , diazoxide opened mitochondrial K ATP with a K 1/2 of 0.8 μmol/L while being 1000-fold less potent at opening sarcolemmal K ATP . To compare cardioprotective potency, diazoxide or cromakalim was given to isolated rat hearts subjected to 25 minutes of global ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion. Diazoxide and cromakalim increased the time to onset of contracture with a similar potency (EC 25 , 11.0 and 8.8 μmol/L, respectively) and improved postischemic functional recovery in a glibenclamide (glyburide)-reversible manner. In addition, sodium 5-hydroxydecanoic acid completely abolished the protective effect of diazoxide. Whole-myocyte studies showed that diazoxide was significantly less potent than cromakalim in increasing sarcolemmal K + currents. Diazoxide shortened ischemic action potential duration significantly less than cromakalim at equicardioprotective concentrations. We also determined the effects of cromakalim and diazoxide on reconstituted rat mitochondrial cardiac K ATP activity. Cromakalim and diazoxide were both potent activators of K + flux in this preparation (K 1/2 values, 1.1±0.1 and 0.49±0.05 μmol/L, respectively). Both glibenclamide and sodium 5-hydroxydecanoic acid inhibited K + flux through the diazoxide-opened mitochondrial K ATP . The profile of activity of diazoxide (and perhaps K ATP openers in general) suggests that they protect ischemic hearts in a manner that is consistent with an interaction with mitochondrial K ATP .
Genomic alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma determined by cancer gene-targeted sequencing
Authors: C.H. Chung, V.B. Guthrie, D.L. Masica, C. Tokheim, H. Kang, J. Richmon, N. Agrawal, C. Fakhry, H. Quon, R.M. Subramaniam, Z. Zuo, T. Seiwert, Z.R. Chalmers, G.M. Frampton, S.M. Ali, R. Yelensky, P.J. Stephens, V.A. Miller, R. Karchin, J.A. Bishop
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)

BackgroundTo determine genomic alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumors obtained through routine clinical practice, selected cancer-related genes were evaluated and compared with alterations seen in frozen tumors obtained through research studies.Patients and methodsDNA samples obtained from 252 FFPE HNSCC were analyzed using next-generation sequencing-based (NGS) clinical assay to determine sequence and copy number variations in 236 cancer-related genes plus 47 introns from 19 genes frequently rearranged in cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status was determined by presence of the HPV DNA sequence in all samples and corroborated with high-risk HPV in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in a subset of tumors. Sequencing data from 399 frozen tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas and University of Chicago public datasets were analyzed for comparison.ResultsAmong 252 FFPE HNSCC, 84 (33%) were HPV positive and 168 (67%) were HPV negative by sequencing. A subset of 40 tumors with HPV ISH and p16 IHC results showed complete concordance with NGS-derived HPV status. The most common genes with genomic alterations were PIK3CA and PTEN in HPV-positive tumors and TP53 and CDKN2A/B in HPV-negative tumors. In the pathway analysis, the PI3K pathway in HPV-positive tumors and DNA repair-p53 and cell cycle pathways in HPV-negative tumors were frequently altered. The HPV-positive oropharynx and HPV-positive nasal cavity/paranasal sinus carcinoma shared similar mutational profiles.ConclusionThe genomic profile of FFPE HNSCC tumors obtained through routine clinical practice is comparable with frozen tumors studied in research setting, demonstrating the feasibility of comprehensive genomic profiling in a clinical setting. However, the clinical significance of these genomic alterations requires further investigation through application of these genomic profiles as integral biomarkers in clinical trials.
Ventricular refractoriness during acute myocardial ischaemia and its relationship to ventricular fibrillation
Authors: D. C. RUSSELL, M. F. OLIVER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Studies were made in the anaesthetised dog of the effects of repeated acute occlusions of a branch of the anterior descending coronary artery on ventricular refractory periods in adjacent ischaemic and non-ischaemic myocardium. Differences occurred in refractoriness between normal and ischaemic areas in the ventricle. This was greatest 2.5 min after occlusion, and on release of occlusion, ventricular refractory periods reverted to normal within 5 min. Spontaneous ventricular fibrillation was directly and significantly related to the degree of dispersion of refractoriness in a given dog immediately preceding release and following release of occlusion. Infusion of isoprenaline caused significant shortening of refractory period and increased dispersion of refractoriness during ischaemia. Studies of dispersion of refractoriness should prove valuable in assessing the efficiency of metabolic or antiarrhythmic protection against ventricular fibrillation.
Myocardial prostacyclin effects in experimental acute afterload-induced right ventricular failure
Authors: Celine Dewachter, Laurence Dewachter, Marie Vercruyssen, Benoit Rondelet, Dean Paul Schraufnagel, Serge Brimioulle, Francois Kerbaul, Robert Naeije
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

It has been suggested that prostacyclin improves patients with pulmonary hypertension through direct myocardial effects. In an experimental model of acute right ventricular (RV) failure on increased afterload, we previously reported that prostacyclin did not present with significant inotropic effects, but that there might have been a trend as assessed from improved RV-arterial coupling (Kerbaul et al. AJRCCM 2007).  Therefore, we further explored the pathobiology of acute RV failure with/without prostacyclin infusion.  Dogs were randomized to a sham-(n=8) or to a 90-min pulmonary artery constriction (PAC)-operation (n=15). In 7 dogs with persistent RV failure, prostacyclin was infused 30-min after banding release. After euthanasia, RV tissue was sampled for pathobiological evaluation.  90-min PAC increased RV gene expressions of interleukin (IL)1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)1, IL6, VCAM1, and decreased expression of IL10. No changes in RV gene expressions of IL1α, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)1α and ICAM1 were observed after PAC. Protein expressions of IL1β and IL6 were increased in the failing RV, while IL10 protein expression was decreased. Pro-inflammatory IL6/IL10 and pro-apoptotic Bax/Bcl2 ratios were increased in the failing RV. Increased diffuse macrophage recruitment was observed within the failing RV. Prostacyclin decreased RV gene expressions of IL1β, MCP1, MIP1α, VCAM1 and increased IL10 expression. Prostacyclin decreased RV gene IL6/IL10 and Bax/Bcl2 ratios, and IL1β protein expression compared to PAC group.  Acute load-induced persistent RV failure appears to be related to an activation of inflammatory processes which seems to be limited by prostacyclin.
Diabetes in Patients With Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Claudia Becker, Gunnar P. Brobert, Saga Johansson, Susan S. Jick, Christoph R. Meier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—Previous observational studies reported inconsistent results on the association between diabetes and Parkinson's disease, and data on the risk of developing incident diabetes in relation to Parkinson's disease are scarce. We aimed at comparing the diabetes prevalence between patients with or without Parkinson's disease and at exploring the risk of developing incident diabetes associated with Parkinson's disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database (GPRD) to 1) compare the diabetes prevalence between Parkinson's disease cases and a matched comparison group free of Parkinson's disease between 1994 and 2005 and to 2) conduct a follow-up study with a nested case-control analysis to quantify the risk of developing new-onset diabetes in association with Parkinson's disease. RESULTS—The diabetes prevalence was similar in patients with and without Parkinson's disease (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.95 [95% CI 0.80–1.14]). In the cohort analysis (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.55 [95% CI 0.38–0.81]) and in the nested case-control analysis (adjusted OR 0.53 [95% CI 0.33–0.87]), the risk of developing diabetes was lower in patients with Parkinson's disease than in subjects without. The adjusted OR for patients with Parkinson's disease who were current levodopa users of five or more prescriptions was 0.22 (0.10–0.48) and was 1.11 (0.50–2.45) for Parkinson's disease patients not using levodopa. CONCLUSIONS—In this observational study, diabetes prevalence was closely similar between patients with Parkinson's disease and subjects without. The risk of developing incident diabetes was lower for patients with Parkinson's disease than for patients without, a finding that was limited to Parkinson's disease patients who were using levodopa.
Report Card on Molecular Genetic Testing
Authors: Wayne W. Grody, Reed E. Pyeritz
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Screening for HIV: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Authors: Virginia A. Moyer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Update of the 2005 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement on screening for HIV.The USPSTF reviewed new evidence on the effectiveness of treatments in HIV-infected persons with CD4 counts greater than 0.200 × 109 cells/L; effects of screening, counseling, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use on risky behaviors and HIV transmission risk; and long-term cardiovascular harms of ART.These recommendations apply to adolescents, adults, and pregnant women.The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years for HIV infection. Younger adolescents and older adults who are at increased risk should also be screened. (Grade A recommendation)The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen all pregnant women for HIV, including those who present in labor who are untested and whose HIV status is unknown. (Grade A recommendation).
Human erythroid burst-forming unit: T-cell requirement for proliferation in vitro.
Authors: D G Nathan, L Chess, D G Hillman, B Clarke, J Breard, E Merler, D E Housman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Human mononuclear leukocytes were fractionated into populations of null, T and B cells by immunoabsorbent column chromatography followed by E-rosette formation and purification of T cells by differential centrifugation and osmotic lysis. The unfractionated and fractionated cell populations were first separately cultured for 14 days in plasma clots in the presence of two international units erythropoietin. Typical erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E)-derived colonies grew in the unfractionated cell cultures but not from T- or B-cell cultures. BFU-E colonies grew in null cell cultures but most of the colonies were small and variably hemoglobinized with less than three subcolonies. When intact T cells were added to null cells and cocultured, many typical large BFU-E colonies with more than 10 well homogenized subcolonies appeared. Increasing numbers of large BFU-E colonies in null cell cultures were induced by stepwise addition of T cells but not by the addition of B cells. A conditioned medium in which T cells had been induced to divide by tetanus toxoid substituted for intact T cells in this T-cell-dependent BFU-E colony formation observed in null cells. These findings demonstrate that the BFU-E, a committeded erythroid stem cell, resides in the null cell fraction of peripheral blood, but its proliferative capacity and differentiation in vitro requires a soluble product of T cells. Such experiments now permit a new approach to the assessment of various disorders of erythropoiesis. Erythroid hypoplasia in a particular case may be due to dysfunction of the committed precursor cell or to a failure of a helper effect induced by T cells.
The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS): Outcomes Over 1 Year of Naturalistic Follow-Up
Authors: John March, Susan Silva, John Curry, Karen Wells, John Fairbank, Barbara Burns, Marisa Domino, Benedetto Vitiello, Joanne Severe, Karyn Riedal, Marguerita Goldman, Norah Feeny, Robert Findling, Sheridan Stull, Susan Baab, Elizabeth B Weller, Michele Robbins, Ronald A Weller, Naushad Jessani, Bruce Waslick, Michael Sweeney, Randi Dublin, John Walkup, Golda Ginsburg, Elizabeth Kastelic, Hyung Koo, Christopher Kratochvil, Diane May, Randy LaGrone, Brigette Vaughan, Anne Marie Albano, Glenn S Hirsch, Elizabeth Podniesinki, Angela Chu, Mark Reincecke, Bennett Leventhal, Gregory Rogers, Rachel Jacobs, Sanjeev Pathak, Jennifer Wells, Sarah A Lavanier, Arman Danielyan, Paul Rohde, Anne Simons, James Grimm, Stephanie Frank, Graham Emslie, Beth Kennard, Carroll Hughes, Taryn L Mayes, David Rosenberg, Nili Benazon, Michael Butkus, Marla Bartoi
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Objective: The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) evaluates the effectiveness of fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and their combination in adolescents with major depressive disorder. The authors report effectiveness outcomes across a 1-year naturalistic follow-up period. Method: The randomized, controlled trial was conducted in 13 academic and community sites in the United States. Stages I, II, and III consisted of 12, 6, and 18 weeks of acute, consolidation, and continuation treatment, respectively. Following discontinuation of TADS treatments at the end of stage III, stage IV consisted of 1 year of naturalistic follow-up. The participants were 327 subjects between the ages of 12 and 17 with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder. No TADS treatment was provided during the follow-up period; treatment was available in the community. The primary dependent measures, rated by an independent evaluator blind to treatment status, were the total score on the Children’s Depression Rating Scale—Revised and the rate of response, defined as a rating of much or very much improved on the Clinical Global Impressions improvement measure. Results: Sixty-six percent of the eligible subjects participated in at least one stage IV assessment. The benefits seen at the end of active treatment (week 36) persisted during follow-up on all measures of depression and suicidality. Conclusions: In contrast to earlier reports on short-term treatments, in which worsening after treatment is the rule, the longer treatment in the TADS was associated with persistent benefits over 1 year of naturalistic follow-up.