tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Human Papillomavirus and Relevant Tumor Suppressors and Oncoproteins in Laryngeal Tumors
Authors: María E. Manjarrez, Rodolfo Ocadiz, Leticia Valle, Cesar Pacheco, Alberto Marroquin, Carlos De la Torre, Moisés Selman, Patricio Gariglio
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The mechanism of larynx oncogenesis is complex and controlled by various factors, most of them involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we evaluated the levels of two suppressor proteins (pRb and p53) and two oncogenic proteins (c-Myc and Bcl-2), as well as the apoptotic levels and the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in both tumor types. Experimental Design: Low- or high-risk HPV viral DNA was determined by PCR and in situ PCR; the level of cellular proteins was examined by immunohistochemistry; the presence of apoptotic cells was evaluated by in situ cell death detection. Results: Most laryngeal papillomatosis samples contained low-risk HPV determined by both techniques. However, 25% of laryngeal carcinoma samples were positive for HPV employing PCR or in situ PCR. In papillomatosis, pRb and p53 levels were higher than in normal larynxes, whereas laryngeal cancer presented the lowest levels. c-Myc oncogene expression was very low in normal and cancer tissues but highly increased in papillomatosis. Bcl-2 expression was low and showed no significant difference between laryngeal papillomatosis and normal larynxes. By contrast, Bcl-2 was clearly up-regulated in cancer. Normal larynx samples and those from laryngeal papillomatosis exhibited similar relatively high numbers of apoptotic cells, whereas in malignant tumors, these cells were scarce. Conclusion: Our results suggest that HPV is an important risk factor in papillomatosis and in some malignant larynx tumors with a strong participation of cellular genes, specifically involved in proliferation and apoptosis. In benign papillomatosis lesions but not in larynx cancer, high p53 activity might preserve the apoptosis process. In larynx cancer, low p53 levels and high bcl-2 expression may be playing an important role to block apoptosis.
Effect of low impact water exercise on stress recovery of college football players
Authors: Usha S Nair, Supriyo Mondal, Sandhya Tiwari
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of 16 weeks low impact water exercise on stress recovery of football players. Thirty male football players between the age group of 18 and 23 years were randomly assigned to an experimental and control group of 15 each. In addition to the regular football practice session, the experimental group underwent low impact water exercise training for 16 weeks. Both the groups were tested in the stress recovery before and after 16 weeks of training period. Paired t test revealed significant changes in most of the variables of stress recovery; general stress, emotional stress, emotional exhaustion, social stress, fatigue, somatic/physical complaints, energy, sleep quality, personal accomplishment and reduction in conflict pressure (p&lt;0.05). Underwater exercise can be used as an effective technique for stress recovery.
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits activities of glioma cells and glutamate neuro-excitotoxicity: Potential therapeutic application for treatment of gliomas
Authors: Yu-Show Fu, Yen-Yang Lin, Shih-Chich Chou, Tung-Hu Tsai, Lung-Sen Kao, Shao-Yun Hsu, Fu-Chou Cheng, Yang-Hsin Shih, Henrich Cheng, Yu-Yi Fu, Jia-Yi Wang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

We tested the herbal extract 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) for possible therapeutic efficacy against a glioma cell line and against gliomas transplanted into rat brains. In the cultured glioma cells, 50 μM TMP significantly inhibited glutamate-induced increase in intracellular calcium. Significant cell damage (30%) and proliferation suppression (10%), however, occurred only at higher concentrations (200-400 μM). Gliomaneuronal co-culturing resulted in significant neuronal damage and higher proliferation of the glioma cells (140%) compared with single cultures. Low concentrations of TMP (≤200 μM) attenuated the neuronal damage, suppressed glioma migration, and decreased glioma proliferation in the neuronal-glioma co-culture. Gliomas transplanted into the frontal cortical area exhibited high proliferation, with untreated rats dying 10-23 days later. TMP treatment inhibited tumor growth and significantly extended survival time. The results indicate that TMP can suppress glioma activity, including growth, and protect neurons against glioma-induced excitotoxicity, suggesting that TMP may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of malignant gliomas.
Efficacy of anti-inflammatory or antibiotic treatment in patients with non-complicated acute bronchitis and discoloured sputum: randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: C. Llor, A. Moragas, C. Bayona, R. Morros, H. Pera, O. Plana-Ripoll, J. M. Cots, M. Miravitlles
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the efficacy of oral anti-inflammatory or antibiotic treatment compared with placebo in the resolution of cough in patients with uncomplicated acute bronchitis and discoloured sputum. <b>Design</b> Multicentre, parallel, single blinded placebo controlled, randomised clinical trial. <b>Setting</b> Nine primary care centres in Spain. <b>Participants</b> Adults aged 18 to 70 presenting symptoms associated with respiratory tract infection of less than one week's duration, with cough as the predominant symptom, the presence of discoloured sputum, and at least one other symptom of lower respiratory tract infection (dyspnoea, wheezing, chest discomfort, or chest pain). <b>Interventions</b> Patients were randomised to receive either ibuprofen 600 mg three times daily, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 500 mg/125 mg three times daily, or placebo three times daily for 10 days. The duration of symptoms was measured with a diary card. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Number of days with frequent cough after the randomisation visit. <b>Results</b> 416 participants were randomised (136 to ibuprofen, 137 to antibiotic, and 143 to placebo) and 390 returned their symptom diaries fully completed. The median number of days with frequent cough was slightly lower among patients assigned to ibuprofen (9 days, 95% confidence interval 8 to 10 days) compared with those receiving amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (11 days, 10 to 12 days) or placebo (11 days, 8 to 14 days), albeit without statistically significant differences. Neither amoxicillin-clavulanic acid nor ibuprofen increased the probability of cough resolution (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.35 and 1.23, 0.93 to 1.61, respectively) compared with placebo. Adverse events were observed in 27 patients, and were more common in the antibiotic arm (12%) than ibuprofen or placebo arms (5% and 3%, respectively; P&lt;0.01). <b>Conclusion</b> No significant differences were observed in the number of days with cough between patients with uncomplicated acute bronchitis and discoloured sputum treated with ibuprofen, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, or placebo. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN07852892.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ketanserin in patients with Prinzmetal's angina. Evidence against a role for serotonin in the genesis of coronary vasospasm.
Authors: R De Caterina, C Carpeggiani, A L'Abbate
Journal: Circulation (1984)

This study was designed to test the hypothesis of a possible role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia in patients with pure vasospastic angina, since serotonin is known to cause contraction in isolated coronary arteries. This effect, as well as serotonin-induced platelet aggregation, is reversed by ketanserin, a specific S2-receptor blocker. Five male patients (49 to 68 years old) with more than six episodes/day of myocardial ischemia at rest as characterized by ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram (ECG) were selected for the study after a 2 day run-in period of continuous ECG Holter monitoring in the absence of any therapy except that with sublingual nitrates. In a double-blind crossover protocol they received consecutive infusions of 6 hr each of ketanserin (2 mg/hr iv, preceded by a 10 mg bolus in three patients) and placebo in the following sequence: ketanserin-placebo-ketanserin-placebo in the first and placebo-ketanserin-placebo-ketanserin in the second 24 hr period. The efficacy of the infused drug was tested by exposing platelet-rich plasma, obtained from the study patients at a fixed morning time before and during ketanserin infusions, to a series of serotonin concentrations from 10(-5) to 10(-8)M in a conventional aggregometer. A complete suppression of aggregation curves in the range of serotonin concentrations tested resulted during administration of ketanserin. The efficacy of the drug in preventing ischemic episodes was assessed by computing the ischemic episodes (recorded by Holter monitoring) and nitroglycerin consumption in each 6 hr ketanserin period and in the corresponding placebo period. A total of 171 ischemic episodes were recorded, 33 of which (19%) were symptomatic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION IN ORGANIC DISEASES OF THE COLON: THE OPAQUE ENEMA METHOD
Authors: S. G. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1925)

mUTDILBJOUr 151 flexure.If this does niot succeed, a sigmoidoscope miust be passed and the rubber tube introduced through it.If this also fails, the abdomen must he opened.On pulling the distended colon upwards, a tube can be passed into it from the anus, and the bowel is then emptied.After this has been done it may be possible to pass the tube daily in the manner already described, as the obstruction originally caused by the pelvi-rectal achalasia is always increased by the kink produced by the greatly dilated pelvic colon where it joins the undilated rectulmi.If, hlowever, this eventually becomes impossible, an anastomosis should be made between the undistended rectum and the terminal iloum, or, preferably, the under surface of the extreme enid of the pelvic colon.It is, however, exceedingly difficult to do this, and it may even be quite impossible owing to the small size of the rectum and to its sittuatioin deep in tho pelvis.In such cases nothing short of excision of the whlole of the dilated colon is likely to give relief.
Polymorphisms of the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A7 gene in colorectal cancer
Authors: C P Strassburg
Journal: Gut (2002)

<b>Background:</b> Genetic polymorphisms in the human <i>UDP-glucuronosyltransferase</i>-<i>1A7</i> (<i>UGT1A7</i>) gene are detected and significantly correlated with sporadic colorectal carcinoma. UGT1A7, which has recently been demonstrated to glucuronidate environmental carcinogens, is now implicated as a cancer risk gene. A silent mutation at codon 11 and missense mutations at codons 129, 131, and 208 lead to the description of three polymorphic alleles designated UGT1A7*2, UGT1A7*3, and UGT1A7*4. <b>Methods:</b> UGT1A7 polymorphisms were analysed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing, as well as temperature gradient gel electrophoresis in 210 healthy blood donors and 78 subjects with colorectal cancer. <b>Results:</b> Homozygous wild-type UGT1A7 alleles were present in 20% of normal controls but were only detected in 9% of patients with colorectal carcinoma (odds ratio (OR) 0.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17–0.92); p=0.03). Analysis of individual polymorphic alleles identified a highly significant association between the presence of UGT1A7*3 alleles and colorectal cancer (OR 2.75 (95% CI 1.6 – 4.71); p&lt;0.001). Recombinant expression of UGT1A7 polymorphic cDNA in eukaryotic cell culture showed reduced carcinogen glucuronidation activity in comparison with wild-type <i>UGT1A7</i>. <i>UGT1A7</i> may therefore represent a modifier gene in colorectal carcinogenesis. <b>Conclusion:</b> We have identified a potential novel risk factor in sporadic colorectal cancer which may contribute to the identification of risk groups and to the elucidation of factors involved in colon carcinogenesis.
Rituximab Maintenance Therapy After Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Patients With Relapsed CD20<sup>+</sup> Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Final Analysis of the Collaborative Trial in Relapsed Aggressive Lymphoma
Authors: Christian Gisselbrecht, Norbert Schmitz, Nicolas Mounier, Devinder Singh Gill, David C. Linch, Marek Trneny, Andre Bosly, Noel J. Milpied, John Radford, Nicolas Ketterer, Ofer Shpilberg, Ulrich Dührsen, Hans Hagberg, David D. Ma, Andreas Viardot, Ray Lowenthal, Josette Brière, Gilles Salles, Craig H. Moskowitz, Bertram Glass
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

The standard treatment for relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is salvage chemotherapy followed by high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). The impact of maintenance rituximab after ASCT is not known.In total, 477 patients with CD20(+) DLBCL who were in their first relapse or refractory to initial therapy were randomly assigned to one of two salvage regimens. After three cycles of salvage chemotherapy, the responding patients received high-dose chemotherapy followed by ASCT. Then, 242 patients were randomly assigned to either rituximab every 2 months for 1 year or observation.After ASCT, 122 patients received rituximab, and 120 patients were observed only. The median follow-up time was 44 months. The 4-year event-free survival (EFS) rates after ASCT were 52% and 53% for the rituximab and observation groups, respectively (P = .7). Treatment with rituximab was associated with a 15% attributable risk of serious adverse events after day 100, with more deaths (six deaths v three deaths in the observation arm). Several factors affected EFS after ASCT (P < .05), including relapsed disease within 12 months (EFS: 46% v 56% for relapsed disease after 12 months), secondary age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (saaIPI) more than 1 (EFS: 37% v 61% for saaIPI < 1), and prior treatment with rituximab (EFS: 47% v 59% for no prior rituximab). A significant difference in EFS between women (63%) and men (46%) was also observed in the rituximab group. In the Cox model for maintenance, the saaIPI was a significant prognostic factor (P < .001), as was male sex (P = .01).In relapsed DLBCL, we observed no difference between the control group and the rituximab maintenance group and do not recommend rituximab after ASCT.
Haemophilus influenzae Pneumonia in Adults
Authors: E. Dale Everett
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Thirty cases of Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia with clinical and laboratory features have previously been recorded in adults. During the past three years, we have examined 18 patients in whom this diagnosis was established by transtracheal aspirate or blood culture. Our study suggests that H influenzae, both typable and nontypable strains, is a more frequent cause of pneumonia in adults than previously appreciated. We found no clinical values that distinguished H influenzae pneumonia from other bacterial pneumonias. A properly performed Gram's stain of a transtracheal aspirate specimen is classical in its appearance and facilitates instritution of appropriate initial treatment. The emergence of both typable and nontypable organisms resistant to ampicillin makes it important that organisms be isolated from reliable samples for sensitivity testing. With appropriate therapy, the prognosis for patients with H influenzae pneumonia appears to be good.
The Case for Biennial Retinopathy Screening in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ann M. Maguire, Janine M. Cusumano, Maria E. Craig, Kim C. Donaghue
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Stefansson’s letter (1) and previous publication (2) strengthens our recommendation to extend the retinal screening interval for some children and adolescents who access specialist diabetes services to 2 years (3). However, individuals with other risk factors, poor glycemic control, or long diabetes duration should continue to be screened annually, and when significant retinopathy is detected screening should be …
Type 2 diabetes and gut microbiome: at the intersection of known and unknown
Authors: Smitha Upadhyaya, Gautam Banerjee
Journal: Gut Microbes (2015)

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing rapidly across the globe. Though the prevalence of the disease is similar in population of upper middle income and high income countries, the age of affected population is lower in upper middle income countries. This is attributed to genetic as well as changing life style factors. The contributing factors for type 2 diabetes range from genetic/epigenetic disposal, intra uterine nutrition, dietary pattern to sedentary lifestyle. The role of the gut microbiota in metabolic disorders is increasingly gaining importance. Several studies have reported significant difference in the profile of the gut microbiota in Caucasian population considering obese and type 2 diabetic populations while limited number of studies are available on populations from the developing world. The metabolites from the gut microbes contribute to the gut barrier integrity and a compromised barrier leads to leakage of inflammatory mediators into systemic circulation and hence increases insulin resistance. Attempts have been made at correcting metabolic syndrome through dietary changes by altering the gut microbiota with some success. This report is an attempt to explain the hypothesis of compromised nutrition altering the gut microbiota, gut metabolites, gut barrier function, systemic inflammation and hence insulin response.
Sputum induction versus gastric washing for the diagnosis of pulmonary mycobacterial disease
Authors: B. Heym, A. Beauchet, M.T. Ngo, J-L. Gaillard, T. Chinet
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

To the Editors:

The diagnosis of pulmonary mycobacterial disease is based primarily on the isolation of mycobacteria in sputum specimens. The collection of at least three samples of spontaneously expectorated sputum on three different days is the standard diagnostic procedure for patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease 1, 2. For patients who are unable to expectorate, bronchial secretions, aspirated by fiberoptic bronchoscopy, or gastric washings (GWs) are collected 1, 3. These procedures require the patient to be hospitalised, are fastidious and unpleasant for the patient, and the yield of GWs for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is considered to be rather low 3.

Another option is sputum induction (SI) with nebulised hypertonic saline 4, 5. SI does not necessitate the patient to be hospitalised. However, it is a complicated procedure that requires trained staff and respiratory isolation conditions 4. The diagnostic value of this procedure is still debated: several studies have reported that sputum induction has a rather low diagnostic yield 6; other studies have found that SI compares favourably with GW and bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis 4. We therefore decided to conduct a prospective study to compare the diagnostic value of SI with that of GW in adult patients with suspected pulmonary mycobacterial disease.

The study population was comprised of consecutive patients admitted to the Dept of Pulmonary Diseases of Ambroise Pare University Hospital (Boulogne, France) between January 2003 and March 2009 because of a clinical suspicion of pulmonary mycobacterial disease. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for the Protection of Subjects Participating in Biomedical Research at our institution. Patients were included in the study if a spontaneously expectorated sputum sample could not be obtained or was insufficient in …
Effect of sustained virological response to treatment on the incidence of abnormal glucose values in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Manuel Romero-Gómez, Conrado M. Fernández-Rodríguez, Raúl J. Andrade, Moisés Diago, Sonia Alonso, Ramón Planas, Ricard Solá, José A. Pons, Javier Salmerón, Rafael Barcena, Ramón Perez, Isabel Carmona, Santiago Durán
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Chronic Treatment With Allopurinol Boosts Survival and Cardiac Contractility in Murine Postischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Linda B. Stull, Michelle K. Leppo, Luke Szweda, Wei Dong Gao, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Oxidative stress is a hallmark of systemic illnesses, including heart failure. Nevertheless, the overall importance of radical production in the heart remains conjectural; is it merely a marker of illness, or can intervention alter the progression of disease? This question was addressed by blocking xanthine oxidase (XO), a superoxide-generating enzyme that is upregulated in animal models of heart failure. In a randomized prospective trial design, we administered the XO inhibitor allopurinol orally to mice that had undergone massive myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiac XO activity was elevated in untreated mice after MI; allopurinol suppressed the XO activity to levels comparable to those in sham-operated mice. Eighty-one percent of untreated mice died of advanced heart failure over 2 to 4 weeks of follow-up. Survival doubled in the allopurinol-treated mice, whereas cardiac contractile function (both in vivo and in isolated muscle) was markedly improved. Response to isoproterenol was restored to near-normal levels in the allopurinol group but was attenuated in untreated mice. Oxidative modifications to proteins were prevented in the allopurinol-treated mice. Our findings indicate that targeted blockade of just one source of oxidants, XO, impacts dramatically on the progression of postischemic cardiomyopathy in mice and prevents oxidative protein modifications.
Defective B-cell memory in patients with Down syndrome
Authors: Ruud H.J. Verstegen, Gertjan J. Driessen, Sophinus J.W. Bartol, Carel J.M. van Noesel, Louis Boon, Mirjam van der Burg, Jacques J.M. van Dongen, Esther de Vries, Menno C. van Zelm
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Mucosal Vaccine Design and Delivery
Authors: Kim A. Woodrow, Kaila M. Bennett, David D. Lo
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2012)

Mucosal surfaces are a major portal of entry for many human pathogens that are the cause of infectious diseases worldwide. Vaccines capable of eliciting mucosal immune responses can fortify defenses at mucosal front lines and protect against infection. However, most licensed vaccines are administered parenterally and fail to elicit protective mucosal immunity. Immunization by mucosal routes may be more effective at inducing protective immunity against mucosal pathogens at their sites of entry. Recent advances in our understanding of mucosal immunity and identification of correlates of protective immunity against specific mucosal pathogens have renewed interest in the development of mucosal vaccines. Efforts have focused on efficient delivery of vaccine antigens to mucosal sites that facilitate uptake by local antigen-presenting cells to generate protective mucosal immune responses. Discovery of safe and effective mucosal adjuvants are also being sought to enhance the magnitude and quality of the protective immune response.