tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies on shared antigenic/allergenic components among fungi
Authors: J. Verma, S. Sridhara, B. P. Singh, S. V. Gangal
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Fungal allergens have been found to be one of the most prevalent aeroallergens in India. Knowledge of shared/unique components among different fungi is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment of patients allergic to fungi. In the present study, crude extracts (CE) of 11 common fungi ( Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Asp. fumigatus, Asp. niger, Asp. tamarii, Asp. versicolor, Cladosporium herbarum, Curvularia lunata, Mucor hiemalis, Penicillium citrinum , and Fusarium solani ) were characterized by isoelectric focusing (IEF), SDS‐PAGE, and immunoblot. On IEF (pI 3–9), the number of protein bands was found to be greatest (46) in M. hiemalis extract. SDS‐PAGE exhibited a varied number of bands, generally 18–40, with mol. mass ranging from 14 to 100 kDa. IgG‐specific immunoprint using rabbit anti‐ F. solani CF antibodies demonstrated a mol. mass distribution of shared antigenic proteins of 14–100 kDa in most of the fungi. Shared allergenicity was observed in a number of allergenic proteins in fungal extracts with mol. mass ranging between 14 and 70 kDa on IgE‐specific immunoblot using pooled sera of patients allergic to Fusarium. A 45‐kDa protein was found to be common among these fungi on immunoblot with patients as well as with rabbit antibodies. F. solani CF extract contained more antigenic/allergenic proteins than F. solani CE. It was concluded that F. solani CF shared several antigenic/allergenic components with CE of other common fungi. This fact needs to be taken into account when fungal extracts are used in diagnosis and immunotherapy of allergic patients.
The Golden Wand of Medicine: A History of the Caduceus Symbol in Medicine
Authors: Robert E. Rakel
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This is the most thorough discussion of the relationship between the caduceus and medicine that has been written. Friedlander, a Professor Emeritus of Medical Humanities at the University of Nebraska, provides an in-depth analysis of how the caduceus, the wand of the Greek god Hermes (the Roman Mercury), has come to be inappropriately used by some as the symbol of medicine. <i>The Golden Wand of Medicine</i>is an excellent historical analysis with good documentation of the facts and sources, but it is relatively dull reading. Take, for example, the two chapters about Hermes. The author describes in detail the various Greek Hermes—the pre-Homeric Hermes, the archaic Hermes, and the traditional Hermes—then devotes another chapter to the Egyptian Hermes—Hermes-Thoth, Hermes Trismegistus, and Pseudo Hermes Trismegistus—more than you ever wanted to know about Hermes. The evolution of the caduceus is traced from its first appearance in the seventh century BCE to its
Eye Disease and Nephropathy in NIDDM
Authors: William H Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Diabetic eye disease and diabetic nephropathy are major causes of morbidity among the elderly. Herein, I focus on the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of diabetic eye and kidney disease in people with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and identify some of the major gaps in our knowledge about these conditions.
Two Types of Lupus Erythematosus Cell Factor, Shown by Induced L.E. Cell Phenomenon in Man
Authors: G. Bencze, J. Kovacs, J. Cserhati
Journal: BMJ (1959)

SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION OF CORD MBRITIBSHL absorption of radioactive vitamin B12 from the intestine either when administered with intrinsic factor or after a course of chlortetracycline.The dangers of folic-acid therapy in this type of case are confirmed.I thank Dr. 0. R. L.
Government has not acted to avoid repeat of Southern Cross care home collapse, say MPs
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The government needs to monitor the care market better at local and regional levels to minimise the risk of another provider like Southern Cross collapsing, MPs have concluded.

A report from the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee published on Tuesday 6 December raises concerns about the trend towards fewer, larger providers of residential and home care.

The danger of having too few large providers in a particular area was highlighted when Southern Cross collapsed earlier this year ( BMJ 2011;342:d3535, doi:10.1136/bmj.d3535), putting the welfare of 31 000 residents in jeopardy, says the committee. The group collapsed because it funded its expansion by selling the freeholds of most of its 750 homes on terms guaranteeing annual rent increases and was …
Androgens Transduce the Gαs-Mediated Activation of Protein Kinase A in Prostate Cells
Authors: Gargi Bagchi, Juanjuan Wu, John French, Jae Kim, Nader H. Moniri, Yehia Daaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Androgens regulate the development and function of male reproductive organs and play a crucial role in the onset and progression of prostate cancer. Androgen action is primarily mediated through the nuclear androgen receptor (AR) which acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. This mode of androgen action takes hours to manifest and is called the genomic pathway. The androgen-mediated genomic responses require activity of cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Androgens also act through nongenomic pathways in certain cell types to evoke rapid responses (manifested in minutes) that are mediated through changes in ion currents and second messengers. Here, we show that androgen causes the rapid and cAMP-dependent activation of PKA in prostate cells. The androgen-induced PKA activation is not inhibited by nuclear AR antagonist bicalutamide and can be observed in cells that do not express nuclear AR gene. Reduction of Gαs expression with siRNA attenuates the androgen-mediated activation of PKA, which is required for the androgen-induced prostate cell proliferation. We conclude that androgen actively evokes a nongenomic signaling pathway to activate PKA that is needed for the genomic functioning of nuclear AR. The inhibition of PKA activation, together with standard AR-targeted therapies, may be more efficacious for treatment of patients with prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3225–31]
CASE OF TUMOUR OF THE BRAIN
Authors: G. E. Stanger
Journal: BMJ (1856)

condition would have become mueh improved; for it is a notorous fact that ill fed, half starved recuits rapidly im- prove in condition and dtamina by regular duty, a substan- tial mess, and habits of cleanlines.The reduction in the army at present going on will doubtless free the ranks of numbers who, except from the emergency of the war, could never have gained admission.The Guards are now sending their undersized men back to their homes; and the Act for limited enlistment (for two years) causes a further reduction.
Angiotensin II has acute effects on TRPC6 channels in podocytes of freshly isolated glomeruli
Authors: Daria V. Ilatovskaya, Oleg Palygin, Vladislav Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin, Yuri A. Negulyaev, Rong Ma, Lutz Birnbaumer, Alexander Staruschenko
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Chronic Bronchitis: Radiological Aspects of a Five-year Follow-up
Authors: G. Simon, V. C. Medvei
Journal: Thorax (1962)

The radiographs of only 299 of the 312 patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic bronchitis surveyed by Medvei and Oswald (on page 1) were available for review.Thirteen unselected cases are missing, which accounts for certain small differences in the figures from those given by these authors.The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of the radiographic appearances.
Changing the Needle When Inoculating Blood Cultures
Authors: Marketa K. Leisure
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Although the Centers for Disease Control recommends that needles should never be recapped, many phlebotomists routinely recap and change needles before blood culture inoculation. This study compared the extrinsic contamination rate in blood cultures when the needle was and was not changed. One hundred eight medical students obtained 182 blood specimens from each other by means of standard methods. Each specimen was inoculated into two culture bottles. The first bottle was inoculated with the needle used for phlebotomy, and the second was inoculated after needle change. Four (2.2%) of 182 bottles were contaminated when the needle was not changed, compared with one (0.6%) when the needle was changed. This small difference was not statistically significant, and the likelihood of having failed to detect a 5% difference in contamination rate was small. The risk of needle-stick injury incurred by changing the needle before inoculation of blood culture bottles seems to be unjustified.
Hormonal regulation of glutamine metabolism by OK cells
Authors: Itzhak Nissim, Beatrice States, Ilana Nissim, Zhi-Ping Lin, Marc Yudkoff
Journal: Kidney International (1995)

The precise mechanism(s) of action of PTH, insulin or glucagon in the regulation of renal glutamine and ammonia metabolism is unknown. Our aim was to delineate the effects and the site(s) of action of these hormones on renal glutamine metabolism. Experiments were carried out using OK cells as a model system. Cell cultures were incubated for three hours in a bicarbonate buffer of pH 7.4 supplemented with either 1 mM [2-15N] or [5-15N] glutamine and 10(-7) M PTH, insulin or glucagon. Comparative studies were performed at pH 6.8, 7.4 or 7.6 without hormone. PTH and acute acidosis significantly stimulated glutamine metabolism via both the phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) pathways. The opposite was observed at pH 7.6. Insulin augmented flux via PDG with little effect on the GLDH pathway. Glucagon had insignificant effects on either PDG or GLDH pathways. Intracellular [15N] glutamate formed from [2-15N] glutamine was removed partially by transamination to alanine, aspartate and serine and partially by translocation to an extracellular compartment. Acidosis, PTH and insulin enhanced the formation of [15N] alanine with little effect on [15N] aspartate. PTH, insulin and glucagon significantly stimulated the production of [15N]serine, whereas acidosis had little effect. The translocation of intracellular glutamate was significantly increased by acidosis, PTH and insulin and decreased by acute alkalosis. The data indicate that: (a) PTH mimicks the effect of acute acidosis on renal glutamine metabolism, that is, augmented glutamine metabolism through both PDG and GLDH pathways and stimulated the output of intracellular glutamate. This effect might be mediated via decreased activity of the Na(+)-H+ exchanger associated with cellular acidification and/or through a second messenger; (b) insulin, but not glucagon, increased glutamine uptake and metabolism, and simultaneously enhanced output of intracellular glutamate sufficiently to stimulate the PDG pathway; and (c) overall, glucagon had little effect on glutamine metabolism by OK cells compared with either PTH or insulin.
1086. Patterns of Gene Expression from In Utero Delivery of AAV Serotype 1
Authors: Roberto Bilbao, Daniel P. Reay, Juan Li, Xiao Xiao, Paula R. Clemens
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Adenoviral-associated viral vectors (AAV) have shown significant promise for efficient gene delivery to multiple tissues. Studies of different serotypes of AAV revealed different expression patterns provided by gene delivery in post-natal mice. Previous in utero gene delivery studies of AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) demonstrated efficient gene expression in certain fetal tissues depending on route of administration. We studied the pattern of gene expression from AAV serotype 1 (AAV1) using intramuscular, intraperitoneal and intravascular routes of administration in embryonic day 16 C57BL/6 mice. Limb skeletal muscle transduction was only achieved with AAV1 by intramuscular administration. The levels of gene expression were 20-fold higher than a comparable administration of AAV2. Diaphragm muscle transduction by AAV1 was achieved at the highest level by intraperitoneal administration, and to a lesser degree by intravascular administration. All delivery routes resulted in transgene expression in the lung. Our results indicate that AAV1 can offer higher transgene expression in fetal skeletal muscle than AAV2 with intramuscular administration. The transgene expression pattern in different tissues, which depends on vector serotype and route of administration, will need to be considered in planning therapeutic studies for specific disorders.
Cholestatic jaundice in fascioliasis treated with niclofolan.
Authors: R Reshef, A S Lok, S Sherlock
Journal: BMJ (1982)

e' 1243 concentration was 2-35 mmol/l (9-4 mg/100 ml), phosphate concentration 0-82 mmol/l (2-5 mg/100 ml), and alkaline phosphatase activity 115 KA units.Liver and renal function were normal and there was mild generalised aminoaciduria.Case 2-A 13-month-old girl underwent a routine x-ray examination of the hips as part of follow-up for suspected congenital dislocation of the hip detected in the neonatal period.Typical changes of rickets were seen and were also present at the wrists and knees.Serum calcium concentration was 2-24 mmol/l (9.0 mg/100 ml) phosphate concentration 0-73 mmol/l (2-3 mg/100 ml), and alkaline phosphatase activity 148 KA units.Case 3-A 13-month-old girl was screened for rickets after the disease had been diagnosed in the first two children.Florid radiological changes were present at the wrists, knees, and ribs.Serum calcium concentration was 2-24 mmol/l (9-0 mg/100 ml), phosphate concentration 0-66 mmol/l (2-0 mg/100 ml), and alkaline phosphatase >40 KA units.Case 4-The 20-month-old stepsister of case 1 was brought for screening by her step-mother.Radiological changes were present at knees and wrists.Serum calcium was 2-14 mmol/l (8-6 mg/100 ml), phosphate concentra- tion 1-07 mmol/l (3 3 mg/100 ml), and alkaline phosphatase 145 KA units.
"To Whom Much Has Been Given...
Authors: M. O. Rouse
Journal: JAMA (1967)

There is no doubt in my mind that, when I review the outstanding memories collected during a lifetime in the medical profession, this moment will shine brighter than all the rest. It is not possible—at least, it is not possible for me— to express clearly the feeling I have upon assuming the presidency of the American Medical Association. I therefore must let it suffice to say thank you, and to assure you, with all humility, that I shall do my simple best to maintain the honor, the integrity, and the effectiveness that have been bestowed upon this office by a long line of distinguished and well-remembered predecessors. I promise you that whatever I do during this year in discharging the obligations of the high office to which you have elected me will be done for the sole purpose of furthering the objectives of the American Medical Association. And I know
Assessment of renin dependency of hypertension with a dipeptide renin inhibitor.
Authors: M A Weber, J M Neutel, I Essinger, H N Glassman, R S Boger, R Luther
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To evaluate the participation of the renin-angiotensin system in sustaining hypertension, we administered the specific dipeptide renin inhibitor enalkiren (A-64662) to 18 patients with essential hypertension. Ascending intravenous bolus doses (0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) of the inhibitor were each given at 45-minute intervals to patients maintained on an ad libitum sodium diet who were studied while in bed in the semirecumbent posture. Enalkiren produced marked decreases in plasma renin activity (PRA) that were still evident 8 hours after completion of dosing. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were decreased in a dose-dependent fashion without an effect on heart rate. Repetition of this procedure after patients were subjected to sodium depletion by 1 week of thiazide treatment produced amplified decreases in blood pressure. Despite the short plasma half-life of the inhibitor, these blood pressure-lowering effects were sustained for 4-8 hours when compared with parallel placebo administration in the same patients. Both the baseline PRA and the inhibitor-induced changes in PRA correlated significantly with blood pressure changes during the unstimulated and the sodium-depleted studies. However, effects of the inhibitor on diastolic blood pressure in the latter study correlated most closely with actual increases in renin produced by diuretic pretreatment. Thus, this specific renin inhibitor has demonstrated the dependency of blood pressure on the renin-angiotensin system even during basal conditions in hypertensive patients. Moreover, renin response to sodium depletion appears to be an attribute that additionally characterizes individual hypertensive patients.
The bottom line is a moral one
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

With some help from the Bishop of Birmingham Britain's doctors looked this week as if they had found just the right tone to strike in their continuing debate with the government over the reformed National Health Service.

In his sermon on Sunday to doctors gathering in Birmingham for the BMA's annual representative meeting the bishop, the Right Reverend Mark Santer, talked about the moral values embodied in institutions. He spoke of the achievements of the NHS in its first 46 years—and the fact that they were related to avowedly moral ideals: health care for all and equality of access. The NHS, he said, “has promoted and embodied a culture of generous service and unstinting care which continues to astonish those who receive it.”

He contrasted this with the current business model of the internal market …
Surveillance of Toxic Shock Syndrome in Minnesota
Authors: Michael T. Osterholm, Jan C. Forfang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

In January 1980, the Minnesota Department of Health began the surveillance of toxic shock syndrome with epidemiologically defined active and passive components. The intensity of surveillance has been constant since its inception. As of 30 June 1981, 197 confirmed cases of toxic shock syndrome, 15% of all cases nationwide, have been identified in Minnesota. During the 18 months of active surveillance, the total cases reported per calendar quarter ranged from 20 to 24 cases, and the number of tampon-associated cases ranged from 15 to 21. There was no difference in the quarterly distribution of total (p greater than 0.2) or tampon-associated (p greater than 0.2) cases of toxic shock syndrome during the six quarters. Fifty-five tampon-associated cases had onset of illness during the 9 months of surveillance in which Rely tampons (Proctor & Gamble) were on the market; 59 tampon-associated cases had onset of illness during the 9 months after Rely tampons were removed from the market.
The general surgeon
Authors: D. Finlayson, P. Scott, I. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>Background/introduction</h3> LGBT people have different care needs to other sexual health clinic attendees. Many STIs are known to disproportionately affect men who have sex with men (MSM). We wished to ascertain how to optimise LGBT, and in particular MSM, service provision by our urban sexual health clinic. <h3>Methods</h3> 100 questionnaires were completed by attendees to the local Pride event. <h3>Results</h3> 61 respondents self-defined as female, 34 male, 4 transman and 1 demifem. 27 (20 women, 4 men) stated their sexual partners were both male and female, 38 (12 women, 25 men) had same-sex partners, and 34 (28 women, 5 men) had opposite-sex partners only. 81 had not attended the local clinic. Reasons for this included previously living elsewhere (22), not feeling they required the service (15) or not knowing it existed (9). 67 reported they would like a specific LGBT sexual health clinic, with 63 requesting evening clinics. 9 did not want specific clinics, with 2 respondents citing concerns about discrimination. 61 felt more LGBT sexual health services outside the city centre are needed. Features they would like included web-based bookings (64), home-testing kits (49), pre-exposure prophylaxis (79) and HPV vaccination (69). <h3>Discussion/conclusion</h3> The questionnaire was successful in capturing opinions of those who hadn’t previously attended our service. However it is not possible to ascertain whether views expressed were representative of the local LGBT population as a whole and less than a third were MSM. We will consider developing a specific LGBT service in response to the survey’s findings.
Notch signaling mediates granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor priming‐induced transendothelial migration of human eosinophils
Authors: L.Y. Liu, H. Wang, J. J. Xenakis, L. A. Spencer
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Abstract Background Priming with cytokines such as granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor ( GM ‐ CSF ) enhances eosinophil migration and exacerbates the excessive accumulation of eosinophils within the bronchial mucosa of asthmatics. However, mechanisms that drive GM ‐ CSF priming are incompletely understood. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that regulates cellular processes, including migration, by integrating exogenous and cell‐intrinsic cues. This study investigates the hypothesis that the priming‐induced enhanced migration of human eosinophils requires the Notch signaling pathway. Methods Using pan Notch inhibitors and newly developed human antibodies that specifically neutralize Notch receptor 1 activation, we investigated a role for Notch signaling in GM ‐ CSF ‐primed transmigration of human blood eosinophils in vitro and in the airway accumulation of mouse eosinophils in vivo . Results Notch receptor 1 was constitutively active in freshly isolated human blood eosinophils, and inhibition of Notch signaling or specific blockade of Notch receptor 1 activation during GM ‐ CSF priming impaired priming‐enhanced eosinophil transendothelial migration in vitro . Inclusion of Notch signaling inhibitors during priming was associated with diminished ERK phosphorylation, and ERK ‐ MAPK activation was required for GM ‐ CSF priming‐induced transmigration. In vivo in mice, eosinophil accumulation within allergic airways was impaired following systemic treatment with Notch inhibitor, or adoptive transfer of eosinophils treated ex vivo with Notch inhibitor. Conclusions These data identify Notch signaling as an intrinsic pathway central to GM ‐ CSF priming‐induced eosinophil tissue migration.
Peptide-Conjugated PAMAM Dendrimer as a Universal DNA Vaccine Platform to Target Antigen-Presenting Cells
Authors: Pirouz Daftarian, Angel E. Kaifer, Wei Li, Bonnie B. Blomberg, Daniela Frasca, Felix Roth, Raquibul Chowdhury, Eric A. Berg, Jordan B. Fishman, Husain A. Al Sayegh, Pat Blackwelder, Luca Inverardi, Victor L. Perez, Vance Lemmon, Paolo Serafini
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

DNA-based vaccines hold promise to outperform conventional antigen-based vaccines by virtue of many unique features. However, DNA vaccines have thus far fallen short of expectations, due in part to poor targeting of professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) and low immunogenicity. In this study, we describe a new platform for effective and selective delivery of DNA to APCs in vivo that offers intrinsic immune-enhancing characteristics. This platform is based on conjugation of fifth generation polyamidoamine (G5-PAMAM) dendrimers, a DNA-loading surface, with MHC class II-targeting peptides that can selectively deliver these dendrimers to APCs under conditions that enhance their immune stimulatory potency. DNA conjugated with this platform efficiently transfected murine and human APCs in vitro. Subcutaneous administration of DNA-peptide-dendrimer complexes in vivo preferentially transfected dendritic cells (DC) in the draining lymph nodes, promoted generation of high affinity T cells, and elicited rejection of established tumors. Taken together, our findings show how PAMAM dendrimer complexes can be used for high transfection efficiency and effective targeting of APCs in vivo, conferring properties essential to generate effective DNA vaccines.