tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypertension with aldosterone excess.
Authors: J J Brown, R Fraser, A F Lever, J I Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The sensitivity of an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and a rapid microagglutination test (RMAT) for the diagnosis of Legionnaires9 disease caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was evaluated using serum specimens from 119 patients with bacteriologically confirmed infections. The sensitivity of both assays was found to be about 80%. In addition, antibody titres suggestive of L pneumophila infection were found in 40% of patients in the first week after admission to hospital. These data show that both assays can be used with confidence in the early diagnosis of Legionnaires9 disease.
Reply to Giacomo Novara and Vincenzo Ficarra's Letter to the Editor re: Francesco Montorsi, Gerald Brock, Jay Lee, et al. Effect of Nightly versus On-Demand Vardenafil on Recovery of Erectile Function in Men Following Bilateral Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol 2008;54:924–31
Authors: Francesco Montorsi
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Recombinant DNA: What Happened?
Authors: Wallace P. Rowe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Once, as a child visiting a farm, I came on a nest of beautiful eggs at the base of a fence post. I carried a handful to the house to show the adults this discovery, only to be scolded and shamed for disturbing a quail nest placed there by a conservation group.This is the position in which molecular geneticists have suddenly found themselves; their crowning achievement, recombinant DNA, has not been received with the anticipated appreciation and plaudits, but with fear, suspicion and vituperation. The reaction to their discovery has led within less than three years to the threat . . .
No brain, no pain
Authors: Zsuzsanna Wiesenfeld-Hallin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

The theme of my target article was dysfunction of inhibition in the spinal cord as an important factor in the development of chronic pain states. Some commentaries focused on the role of more central mechanisms and the limited usefulness of animal models for understanding mechanisms of human pain. More specific comments concerned the roles of GABA and cholecystokinin in pain control.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Mortality in Heart Failure
Authors: Shannon M. Dunlay, Susan A. Weston, Margaret M. Redfield, Jill M. Killian, Véronique L. Roger
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), an inflammatory cytokine, was reported to be elevated in trials of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (EF) and associated with mortality. Whether this is true for HF with preserved EF is unknown, and community data are lacking. We evaluated the distribution of TNFα, its association with baseline characteristics and mortality, and its benefit in assessing risk in community HF patients. Methods and Results— Olmsted County residents with active HF from July 2004 to March 2007 (n=486; mean age, 76.7 years; EF ≥50%, 55%) were prospectively recruited. Clinical characteristics and TNFα were measured. Elevated TNFα (more than the assay limit of normal of 2.8 pg/mL) was present in 143 (29%). Higher TNFα was associated with decreased creatinine clearance, nonsmoking status, anemia, and greater comorbidity ( P trend &lt;0.05 for all). Mortality increased with increasing TNFα ( P =0.016), with 1-year mortality estimates of 16%, 18%, 23%, and 32% from the lowest to highest quartile, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex, and EF, the hazard ratios for death were 1.24, 1.37, and 1.90 from the second to the highest TNFα quartile, respectively ( P trend =0.007). TNFα contributed to risk assessment as indicated by increases in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves in all models examined ( P &lt;0.05 for all). Results did not differ by EF ( P =0.60 interaction term of TNFα and EF). Conclusions— TNFα was elevated in a large portion of community HF patients, was associated with a large decrease in survival, and provided a significant incremental increase in risk assessment above established indicators. TNFα is useful for risk assessment in HF patients with preserved and reduced EF.
Global eradication rates for Helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis of sequential therapy
Authors: L. Gatta, N. Vakil, D. Vaira, C. Scarpignato
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To do a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing sequential therapy for eradication of<i> Helicobacter pylori</i> with pre-existing and new therapies, thus providing a glimpse of eradication success worldwide. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to May 2013; abstract books of major European, American, and Asian gastroenterological meetings. <b>Study selection</b> Randomised controlled trials in previously untreated adults, in which sequential therapy was compared with a pre-existing or new therapy. <b>Results</b> 46 randomised controlled trials were reviewed and analysed. 5666 patients were randomised to sequential therapy and 7866 to other (established and new) treatments. The overall eradication rate of sequential therapy was 84.3% (95% confidence interval 82.1% to 86.4%). Sequential therapy was superior to seven day triple therapy (relative risk 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 1.25; I<sup>2</sup>=29.3%; number needed to treat 6 , 95% confidence&nbsp;interval 5% to 7%), marginally superior to 10 day triple therapy (1.11, 1.04 to 1.19; I<sup>2</sup>= 67.2%; NNT 10, 7 to 15), but not superior to 14 day triple therapy (1.00, 0.94 to 1.06; I<sup>2</sup>=54.3%), bismuth based therapy (1.01, 0.95 to 1.06; I<sup>2</sup>=21.1%), and non-bismuth based therapy (0.99, 0.94 to 1.05; I<sup>2</sup>=52.3%). Data on eradication according to pre-treatment antimicrobial susceptibility testing were available in eight studies, and sequential therapy was able to eradicate 72.8% (61.6% to 82.8%) of the strains resistant to clarithromycin. <b>Conclusions</b> Eradication rates with pre-existing and new therapies for <i>H pylori </i>are suboptimal. Regional monitoring of resistance rates should help to guide treatment, and new agents for treatment need to be developed.
Use of antiviral drug in poultry is blamed for drug resistant strains of avian flu
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2005)

China's Ministry of Agriculture has denied accusations that it approved the use of the human antiviral drug amantadine as a preventive measure against avian influenza in poultry. Its widespread use by Chinese farmers is now being blamed for producing strains of avian flu that are resistant to the drug. A report by the Washington Post (18 June, p A01) said that Chinese farmers had been using amantadine since the late 1990s and that it was a practice that was encouraged by government officials.

The Ministry of Agriculture, however, has said that the allegations are untrue. “We have never approved or permitted farmers to use amantadine to treat avian flu or other …
Plasminogen activator inhibitor in the blood of patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: J A Paramo, M Colucci, D Collen, F van de Werf
Journal: BMJ (1985)

many years (more than 10 years in some cases).Given the varia- tion in sesquiterpene lactone content between varieties of fever- few and plants harvested in different seasons (P J Hylands, unpublished findings), it would seem desirable for commercial preparations of feverfew to be standardised chemically.We thank the curator, Chelsea Physic Garden, for the feverfew; Sister Joan Vincent, of the City of London Migraine Clinic, for her help with the administration of this study; Miss Fiona Monaghan for her help with the preparation of this manuscript; and Dr K D MacRae, reader in medical statistics at the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, for statistical advice and for undertaking an indepen- dent evaluation of these results.
Electric arcing and contact lenses.
Authors: R J Buckley
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Dr Hawkey points out that Somerville et al calculated that 200 deaths a vear are attributable to these drugs in Britain.'This is not so; the paper estimated that 200 deaths a vear from peptic ulcer haemorrhage occur due to non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs.TFhis figure did not include deaths from perforation or sudden deaths occurring at home.Estimates as high as 3000-4000 deaths a year from peptic ulcer complications associated with use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been made."Clearly this would considerably alter the cost effectiveness of coprescribing an ulcer healing drug.Morbidity from peptic ulcers must also be taken into account.In a recent drug surveillance study based in Tayside 57 715 prescriptions for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs issued to 25 959 patients were analvsed by record linkage."In- patient morbidity from upper gastrointestinal events was compared with that in community controls.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug takers were shown to be more likely to develop gastrointestinal symptoms or disease.The relative risk for women was 1 67 and for men 1 28.Extrapolation from the data in this study indicates that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs potentially cause 15 000 serious gastrointestinal events (perforation or haemorrhage) yearly in the United Kingdom.In addition many patients develop a simple gastric ulcer and considerably more have less severe gastroduodenal damage.There is now evidence that gastroduodenal damage can be prevented by coprescribing miso- prostol," and it is therefore likely, but not proved, that the complications and mortality from peptic ulceration in users of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs can be reduced.Coprescribing an ulcer healing drug may be both beneficial to the patient and cost effective."A L BLOWAER Dcpartment ot' Surgery, Hope Hospitail, Salford M6 SH ) 1 Hawkev CJ.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and peptic tilcers.
Polythiazide and Chlorothiazide-Reply
Authors: Ralph E. Spiekerman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

These comments were referred to Dr. Spiekerman, one of the authors of the article in question, whose reply follows. Dr. James Currens' comments are appreciated. We agree with him that polythiazide has been shown, in animal and human studies, to have a relatively long duration of action that might mean a lower dosage and an economic advantage to the patient. However, we arranged our study to determine (1) whether 2 mg of polythiazide twice a day (the dosage suggested by the manufacturer, Chas. Pfizer &amp; Co., Inc.) would be as good an antihypertensive as 500 mg of chlorothiazide twice a day, (2) whether serum electrolyte changes would differ on use of the two diuretics and a placebo, and (3) what side effects would accompany use of these preparations. Because the study was set up to answer these three questions, we were not able to comment on the points Dr. Currens
5-Fluoro-2′-Deoxyuridine-Induced cdc25A Accumulation Correlates with Premature Mitotic Entry and Clonogenic Death in Human Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Leslie Anne Parsels, Joshua David Parsels, Daniel Chung-Ho Tai, Daniel James Coughlin, Jonathan Maybaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The ability to inappropriately progress through S phase during drug treatment is a key determinant of tumor cell sensitivity to thymidylate synthase inhibitors such as 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FdUrd). Previous studies suggest that SW620 cells, which are relatively resistant to FdUrd, have an intact early S-phase checkpoint that protects against FdUrd-induced DNA damage and cytotoxicity and that this checkpoint is defective in the relatively sensitive HT29 cells, which continue to progress through S phase during drug treatment. To test this hypothesis, we examined the expression and activation of known S-phase checkpoint mediators in FdUrd-treated SW620 and HT29 cells. FdUrd induced degradation of cdc25A in SW620, but not HT29 cells, in a manner that correlated with the previously described drug-induced S-phase arrest. This difference, however, could not be attributed to differences in either chk1 activation, which was similar in both cell lines, or chk2 activation, which only occurred in HT29 cells and correlated with uracil misincorporation/misrepair-induced DNA double-stranded breaks. These observations suggest that although FdUrd-induced S-phase arrest and associated cdc25A degradation are impaired in HT29 cells, signaling by ATM/ATR is intact upstream of chk1 and chk2. Finally, FdUrd induced premature mitotic entry, a phenomenon associated with deregulated cdc25A expression, in HT29 but not SW620 cells. Blocking cdc25A expression in HT29 cells with small interfering RNA attenuated FdUrd-induced premature mitotic entry, suggesting that progression of HT29 cells through S phase during drug treatment results in part from the inability of these cells to degrade cdc25A in response to FdUrd-induced DNA damage.
Clinical impact of methicillin resistance on outcome of patients with Staphylococcus aureus infection: A stratified analysis according to underlying diseases and sites of infection in a large prospective cohort
Authors: Cheol-In Kang, Jae-Hoon Song, Doo Ryeon Chung, Kyong Ran Peck, Kwan Soo Ko, Joon-Sup Yeom, Shin-Woo Kim, Hyun-Ha Chang, Yeon-Sook Kim, Sook-In Jung, Jun Seong Son, Po-Ren Hsueh, Thomas Man-kit So, M.K. Lalitha, Yonghong Yang, Shao-Guang Huang, Hui Wang, Quan Lu, Celia C. Carlos, Jennifer A. Perera, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Jien-Wei Liu, Anan Chongthaleong, Visanu Thamlikitkul, Hung Van Pham
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Malrotation Simulating Gallbladder Perforation on Tc-99M IDA Scintigraphy
Authors: DAVID COUPLAND, BRIAN LENTLE, CHARLES SCUDAMORE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A patient with upper abdominal discomfort had Tc-99m IDA scintigraphy performed for suspected gallbladder disease. In addition to filling of the bile ducts and the gallbladder, tracer collected in the right side of the abdomen and was thought at first to be in the right paracolic gutter, indicating a gallbladder rupture. Discussion with the surgeon and radiographic correlation indicated that the patient did not have gallbladder perforation but, rather, a malrotation of the bowel. This diagnosis became clear on delayed images.
All in it together?
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

I know lots of people in Orkney—the barman, farmer, doctor, labourer, creeler, council official, cleaner, lawyer, policeman, and member of parliament—because I went to school with them all. Orkney has no private schools, just a large comprehensive in Kirkwall, where everyone went. So no one gets too self important in Orkney because we all know about each other. And despite its terrible weather and relative rural poverty Orkney is one of the happiest places to live.1 A community educated together stays together. Private schools and faith schools are a social folly, creating a divided …
A NEW THYROID MUSCLE CLAMP
Authors: Benjamin Irving Harrison
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In suturing the divided preglandular muscles, following an operation on the thyroid gland, it is at times difficult for the surgeon and his assistants to maintain a steady, close approximation with the type of clamp that has been in use up to the present. This difficulty is most evident in patients that have well developed preglandular muscles. To overcome this problem I have devised a special set of thyroid muscle clamps, which have given me satisfactory results. This set of clamps consists of a pair of 6½ inch clamps with a blade 2 inches long. The clamp at<i>A</i>in the accompanying illustration has a hook at the tip and an eye at the heel of the ratchet, while the clamp at<i>B</i>has an eye at the tip and a hook at the point of the ratchet. These hooks and eyes firmly hold the clamps together when approximated, as
Prognosis in Child Psychiatry
Authors: Stuart M. Finch
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This book represents a follow-up study, made in 1965, of 277 youngsters seen between 1950 and 1954 in the Department of Child Psychiatry in Rikshospitalet, Oslo. The clinic, during its early years, had served primarily as a diagnostic facility, so the present study is not intended to evaluate psychiatric treatment of these youngsters but rather to show how they were adjusting some years later. The authors divide the sample into four main groups: neurotic, psychotic, mentally retarded, and those with organic brain damage. It is remarkable that such a large percentage of the original group could be located and seen personally by the authors or interviewed by others or by questionnaire. Certainly this could never be accomplished in the United States. The disappointing thing is the paucity of real data presented. For example, the authors conclude that psychotic children fail to grow intellectually when placed in institutions for the retarded
Thrombolysis in patients with diabetes
Authors: H. Ward, J. S Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (1995)

and acyclovir.While these children and their parents may desire the increased protection of community immunity, the increased risks that such immunity entails for otherwise healthy children cannot be justified.The costs of chickenpox infection are partly the medical expenses and partly the days of work lost among families.The medical expenses are generally low.Studies have shown that universal chickenpox immunisation is not cost effective in terms of health costs alone.78These studies may even underestimate the costs, because they do not account for the possible increase in costs if universal immunisation delays disease until adulthood.The cost of days of work lost by parents because of their children's chickenpox is substantial, and universal chicken- pox immunisation would probably be cost effective from this angle.89A large part of the cost, however, is due to policies of isolation.We believe that this cost is avoidable; if it was avoided this might tip the balance of the cost-benefit studies against universal chickenpox immunisation.Children should not have to stay home while asymptomatic but still capable of transmitting the disease.This policy, which is justifiable primarily on the basis of its benefit to immunocompromised children, in fact offers such children false security since they are still exposed to children who are presymptomatic but are capable of transmitting the disease.The best way to protect immunocompromised children is to immunise them, not all their peers.A policy of mandatory universal immunisation would be justified only if the benefits of participation for each indivi- dual outweighed the risks and costs.Given the mild course of chickenpox in healthy children, such a policy is not justified.Chickenpox immunisation should be recommended only to families in which one or more members are at high risk of serious infection.
Hereditary thrombophilia as a cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome: A study from Western India
Authors: Dipika Mohanty, Shrimati Shetty, Kanjaksha Ghosh, Aruna Pawar, Phillip Abraham
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The inherited deficiencies of protein C, protein S, antithrombin III, factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene polymorphism, and antiphospholipids were studied in 53 Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) and 33 portal vein thrombosis (PVT) cases and compared with 223 age- and sex-matched controls. Protein C deficiency was detected in 7 (13.2%), protein S in 3 (5.7%), and antithrombin III in 2 (3.8%) of the BCS cases. Factor V Leiden was the most common risk factor, i.e., 14 of 53 (26.4%) in BCS cases followed by protein C, as compared with PVT cases, i.e., 2 of 33 (6.06%) and controls, i.e., 5 of 223 (2.3%). In PVT cases, protein C deficiency was present in 3 (9.09%), protein S deficiency in 1 (3.03%), and factor V Leiden mutation in 2 (6.06%) of the cases. The prothrombin gene polymorphism was not found in either the controls or the patients. The antiphospholipids were seen in 11 (20.75%) of the BCS cases and 6 (18.18%) of the PVT cases. Other acquired risk factors like pregnancy, surgery, and oral contraceptives were present in 8 (15.09%) of BCS and 3 (9.09%) of PVT cases. Thus overall, 59% of the BCS and 30% of the PVT cases could be explained by at least one of the etiologic factors studied.
microRNA expression profile and identification of miR-29 as a prognostic marker and pathogenetic factor by targeting CDK6 in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Jian-Jun Zhao, Jianhong Lin, Tint Lwin, Hua Yang, Jianping Guo, William Kong, Sophie Dessureault, Lynn C. Moscinski, Dorna Rezania, William S. Dalton, Eduardo Sotomayor, Jianguo Tao, Jin Q. Cheng
Journal: Blood (2010)
260 Hepatocellular telomere shortening is a general diagnostic marker and correlates with chromosomal instability of human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: R.R. Plentz, M. Caselitz, J.S. Bleck, M. Gebel, P. Flemming, S. Kubicka, M.P. Manns, K.L. Rudolph
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Rectilinear Thyroid Scanning as a Predictor of Malignancy
Authors: Roger L. Nelson, Heinz W. Wahner, Colum A. Gorman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Rectilinear scan findings were correlated with the surgically documented size, location, and histology of thyroid carcinoma in 67 patients. At the site of the carcinoma, 36 (54%) had hypofunction, associated with a palpable abnormality in all but one patient; 16 (24%) had an abnormality on palpation but not on scanning; 11 (16%) had both a normal clinical examination and a normal scan, associated with a benign abnormality in another part of the thyroid; and four (6%) had a patchy uptake. A literature review established that use of the gamma camera with pinhole collimator does not increase the specificity of carcinoma predictability, despite the enhanced sensitivity. The scan may still be used in evaluating the clinically solitary nodule that is not obviously malignant. However, unless that nodule is hyperfunctioning, clinical criteria rather than appearance of the scan should contribute most to the decision of whether to treat surgically.
Intracardiac echocardiography in humans using a small-sized (6F), low frequency (12.5 MHz) ultrasound catheter methods, imaging planes and clinical experience
Authors: Steven L. Schwartz, Linda D. Gillam, Andrew R. Weintraub, Brenda W. Sanzobrino, Jeffrey A. Hirst, Tsui-Leih Hsu, John P. Fisher, Gerald Marx, David Fulton, Raymond G. McKay, Natesa G. Pandian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
A Severe Reaction to Tetraethylammonium Chloride
Authors: Allan L. Friedlich, William P. Chapman, John B. Stanbury
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM salts have been found to block efferent autonomic impulses at both the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglions.1 , 2 Because of this action, the drug is being employed in a variety of clinical studies. The effect of tetraethylammonium ion in man has been described by Lyons and his associates,3 4 5 who have administered the drug over a thousand times with "very few serious effects." They make particular reference to the occasional profound fall in blood pressure and transient vascular collapse in patients with malignant hypertension who have received tetraethylammonium parenterally. Otherwise, there has been no report of a severe untoward reaction to this . . .
A Portuguese patient homozygous for the -25G&amp;gt;A mutation of the HAMP promoter shows evidence of steady-state transcription but fails to up-regulate hepcidin levels by iron
Authors: Graça Porto, Antonella Roetto, Filomena Daraio, Jorge Pereira Pinto, Susana Almeida, Conceição Bacelar, Elizabeth Nemeth, Tomas Ganz, Clara Camaschella
Journal: Blood (2005)