tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Altered Sleep Patterns in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Insulin Regimen
Authors: Yonatan Yeshayahu, Farid H. Mahmud
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Changes in sleep duration and pattern are well described in adolescence. Only 20% of adolescents meet recommendations for hours of sleep during the week (9–9.25 h) (1), and adolescents frequently overcompensate on weekends with delayed awakening times (2). Limited data exist describing sleep patterns in type 1 diabetic patients. This is directly relevant to determining optimal insulin treatment regimens and achieving target metabolic control. We describe sleeping times in adolescent diabetic patients in relation to age-matched peers with attention to the influence of insulin regimens.

Seventy-five adolescent patients with diabetes and 54 healthy individuals aged 12–18 years were assessed. Sleep timings on typical weekends and weekdays were collected as part of a larger, institutional …
Specific features of pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange in patients with histiocytosis X (HX)
Authors: Marina Kameneva, Natalia Korzina, Olga Yuryeva, Artem Tishkov
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Aim:  To assess the changes of pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange parameters, which are typical for histiocytosis X.   Materials and methods:  67 patients with HX have been examined, including 48 men (mean age 29.1 ±1.4 yrs) and 19 women (mean age 27.1±2.6 yrs). Spirometry, bodyplethysmography, compliance measurement, diffusion capacity (DLCO) and blood gases were carried out for all patients.   Results:  For either men or women the mean values of the lung mechanics parameters didn9t overstep the bounds of normal value, except for DLCO. Excluding 39 patients with normal value of indices, two groups of patients were identified. The first group of 20 patients shown signs of airflow limitation: decrease of the forced exhalation FEV1 (59.7±5.5 %Pred), MEF25-75 (39.7±8.9 %Pred) and reorganization normal TLC (98.8±4.5 %Pred) by obstructive type (RV/TLC – 168.0±11.2 %Pred). The second group contained 8 patients with restrictive respiratory pattern: reduction of TLC (70.4 ±2.5 %Pred) and VC (71.9±4.0 %Pred) without airflow limitation. Increase of pulmonary tissue retraction index (0.62±0.10 and 0.92±0.10 kPa/l) in both groups was an interesting find. DLCO has reduced in both groups (51.4±4.2 and 56.8±6.2 %Pred), but the DLCO/VA (61.0±8.2 and 70.7±5.0 %Pred) has been reduced in a greater degree in patients of the first group.   Conclusions:  DLCO decrease is characteristic for HX patients. Changes of lung mechanics parameters are observed much rarer. When it is the case, the obstructive pattern dominates restrictive one. In contrast to COPD, the obstructive pattern in HX is combined with increase of pulmonary tissue elasticity.
A young male with chest pain, cough and fever
Authors: G.E. Kapotsis, Z. Daniil, K. Malagari, C. Vamvouka, I. Kalomenidis, Ch. Roussos, S.A. Papiris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Supported by the Thorax Foundation, Athens, Greece.

A Greek, 38-yr-old male, owner and grill-man in a tavern in an Aegean island (Naxos), with a 40-pack-yrs smoking history, was admitted to the Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens because of chest pain in his left hemithorax, nonproductive cough and fever of 1 month duration. The chest radiograph obtained at that time is shown in figure 1a⇓. The computed tomography (CT) scan is shown in figure 1b⇓. A CT-guided needle biopsy of the lesion was performed a few days before admission, and the histology was pending. Abdomen and brain CT scans performed at that time were negative.



Fig. 1.— 
a) Posteroanterior radiograph of the chest 1 month before admission. b) Chest computed tomography scan at the level of the pulmonary veins at the same time.



A new chest radiograph, which was obtained on admission, is shown in figure 2⇓. A diagnostic thoracentesis disclosed a bloody exudate, with 75% neutrophils and negative cytology for malignancy. The patient denied previous illness and any other symptoms, including weight loss, haemoptysis and skin rash. He had only fatigue and malaise for 2 months preceding his admission. There was no occupational exposure to asbestos and no drug use. He reported recent agricultural activity (during the last winter) as a pig farmer. He also reported several trips abroad with his wife (every autumn for at least the previous 3 yrs), with a brief visit to various countries of central and south Asia and Africa. In particular, he travelled in Thailand (2-week stay, 3 yrs ago with transit and 1-day stay in Cairo, Egypt), Sri Lanka (2-week stay) and the Maldives (1-week stay) 2 yrs ago. Finally, he travelled in Bali and Singapore for 3 weeks the previous year (5 months before his admission).



Fig. 2.— 
Chest radiograph obtained at admission.



On physical examination …
Patient selection before endobronchial valve treatment
Authors: Z. Yang, J. Chen, L. A. Chen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Patient selection before endobronchial valve treatmentTo the Editor:We read with great interest the study by HERTH et al. [1].They investigated the ability of the bronchoscopic Chartis Pulmonary Assessment System to predict the response to unidirectional endobronchial valve (EBV) treatment by determining the presence of collateral ventilation (CV) and the Chartis system showed an accuracy level of 75% in predicting whether or not the target lobe volume reduction (TLVR) cut-off (o350 mL) would be reached.As previously reported [2], EBV treatment brought emphysema patients significant but modest improvement of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), exercise capacity and quality of life compared with controls, while another type of unidirectional valve, intrabronchial valve treatment, did not [3].However, only a subgroup of patients could benefit more from EBV treatment.Therefore, defining and selecting this subgroup of patients is of great help to improve the clinically significant benefit of EBV treatment.To date, three methods can be used before EBV placement to predict therapeutic effect, which are CV detected by Chartis [1], and heterogeneity and fissure completeness assessed by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) [2, 4, 5].This raises two questions.
A novel liposomal encapsulated lohexol (Omnipaque) for detection of inflammation by computed tomography: A potential method for identification of vulnerable plaques
Authors: Alireza Zarrabi, Daniel Chan, Zhongyun Dong, Alan Cohen, Silvio Litovsky, Mohammad Madjid, Samuel Ward Casscells, James T. Willerson, Morteza Naghavi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Hypoxic contraction of isolated canine coronary artery. Mediation by potassium-dependent exocytosis of norepinephrine.
Authors: L J Borda, R Shuchleib, P D Henry
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

Effects of hypoxia on arterial tone, efflux of potassium, and efflux of norepinephrine were monitored for isolated canine coronary arteries labeled with radioactive potassium (42K) and norepinephrine (3HNE). Hypoxia elicited transient relaxation and subsequent sustained contraction accompanied by marked increases in the effluxes of 42K and 3HNE. After sympathetic nerve injury with 6-hydroxydopamine or cold storage, arteries responded to hypoxia with sustained relaxation. Sustained relaxation occurred also after pretreatment with L-propranolol, but not with D-propranolol or phentolamine. Inhibition of hypoxic contraction by L-propranolol did not alter 42K or 3HNE efflux. Colchicine, an inhibitor of the exocytosis of NE, suppressed hypoxic 3HNE efflux and contraction, but not 42K efflux. Proadifen inhibited 42K and 3HNE efflux as well as contraction. During proadifen-inhibited 42K efflux, exogenous K+ augmented overflow of 3HNE, indicating that proadifen relaxed the hypoxic artery primarily by inhibiting K+-dependent exocytosis of NE. The ratio of NE to dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity was similar in effluents from oxygenated arteries exposed to elevated K+ concentrations and in effluents from hypoxic arteries. Thus, hypoxia evoked exocytotic release of norepinephrine which promoted contraction by a beta-adrenergic mechanism.
A little stress is good: IFN-γ, demyelination, and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jason R. Lees, Anne H. Cross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The exact role(s) of the cytokine IFN-γ in the demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis remain controversial, with evidence suggesting both detrimental and protective effects of the cytokine in MS and MS models such as EAE. The study by Lin and coworkers in this issue of the JCI produces evidence that protective effects of IFN-γ on mature oligodendrocytes during EAE induction are mediated via activation of the pancreatic ER kinase (PERK), resulting in induction of the endoplasmic reticular stress response pathway (see the related article beginning on page 448). Modulation of this stress pathway has what we believe to be novel therapeutic potential for MS.
A Bifunctional Targeted Peptide that Blocks HER-2 Tyrosine Kinase and Disables Mitochondrial Function in HER-2-Positive Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Valeria R. Fantin, Marcelo J. Berardi, Holger Babbe, Montserrat V. Michelman, Charlene M. Manning, Philip Leder
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The HER-2 oncoprotein is commonly overexpressed in a variety of human malignancies and has become an attractive antitumor target. A number of strategies to inhibit the HER-2 receptor tyrosine kinase are currently the focus of intensive preclinical and clinical research. In the present study, we have engineered a bifunctional peptide, BHAP, which consists of two modular domains: a HER-2-targeting/neutralizing domain and a mitochondriotoxic, proapoptotic domain. The chimeric peptide is biologically active and capable of selectively triggering apoptosis of HER-2-overexpressing cancer cells in culture, even those previously described as Herceptin resistant. Furthermore, BHAP slows down growth of HER-2-overexpressing human mammary xenografts established in SCID mice. This approach can be extended to the development of tailored targeted chimeric peptides against a number of overexpressed cellular receptors implicated in the development and progression of cancer.
The Gut as an Endocrine Organ
Authors: John DelValle, Tadataka Yamada
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1990)

Gut hormones serve as chemical messengers for communication between different cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Several technologic advances have contributed to the rapid evolution of peptide hormone biochemistry and physiology. Peptide hormones are potentially useful as diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in the practice of gastroenterology.
Mortality After Incident Cancer in People With and Without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Craig J. Currie, Chris D. Poole, Sara Jenkins-Jones, Edwin A.M. Gale, Jeffrey A. Johnson, Christopher Ll. Morgan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer and with reduced survival after cancer diagnosis. We examined the hypotheses that survival after a diagnosis of solid-tumor cancer is reduced in those with diabetes when compared with those without diabetes, and that treatment with metformin influences survival after cancer diagnosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from &amp;gt;350 U.K. primary care practices in a retrospective cohort study. All individuals with or without diabetes who developed a first tumor after January 1990 were identified and records were followed to December 2009. Diabetes was further stratified by treatment regimen. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare all-cause mortality from all cancers and from specific cancers. RESULTS Of 112,408 eligible individuals, 8,392 (7.5%) had type 2 diabetes. Cancer mortality was increased in those with diabetes, compared with those without (hazard ratio 1.09 [95% CI 1.06–1.13]). Mortality was increased in those with breast (1.32 [1.17–1.49]) and prostate cancer (1.19 [1.08–1.31]) but decreased in lung cancer (0.84 [0.77–0.92]). When analyzed by diabetes therapy, mortality was increased relative to nondiabetes in those on monotherapy with sulfonylureas (1.13 [1.05–1.21]) or insulin (1.13 [1.01–1.27]) but reduced in those on metformin monotherapy (0.85 [0.78–0.93]). CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that type 2 diabetes was associated with poorer prognosis after incident cancer, but that the association varied according to diabetes therapy and cancer site. Metformin was associated with survival benefit both in comparison with other treatments for diabetes and in comparison with a nondiabetic population.
Additive nature of distension and surfactant perturbation on alveolocapillary permeability
Authors: J John, V Taskar, E Evander, P Wollmer, B Jonson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

The aim of this study was to determine whether the effects of alveolar distention and surfactant dysfunction on alveolocapillary barrier function are different and additive. Pulmonary clearance of aerosolized technetium-99m-labelled human serum albumin (99mTc-HSA) was used to characterize barrier function after perturbing the surfactant system with the detergent dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate either singly or in combination with large tidal volume ventilation (LTVV). Clearance was measured for 3 h (Experimental ventilation) in four groups (n = 6 each) of rabbits: 1) Controls; 2) Detergent; 3) LTVV; and 4) Detergent + LTVV. Restoration of clearance (Recovery) was studied for 3 h under conventional ventilation. The half-life of clearance (t 1/2) decreased during LTVV (305 min) compared to 1,055 min in Controls. Detergent induced a biexponential clearance with slow (t 1/2S) and fast (t 1/2F) half-lives of 670 and 15.4 min, respectively. The fast fraction (fF) was 0.20. Clearance in the Detergent + LTVV group was also biexponential. The t 1/2F and fF were similar to the Detergent group. The t 1/2S was similar to the LTVV group. The fF in this group increased to 0.36 during Recovery (p &lt; 0.01 versus Detergent group and p &lt; 0.05 versus Experimental ventilation). The diverse kinetics of clearance during large tidal volume ventilation and surfactant dysfunction suggest the presence of different mechanisms affecting the barrier. The mechanisms have additive characteristics, which superimpose to produce lung injury.
A universal assay for detection of oncogenic fusion transcripts by oligo microarray analysis
Authors: Rolf I Skotheim, Gard OS Thomassen, Marthe Eken, Guro E Lind, Francesca Micci, Franclim R Ribeiro, Nuno Cerveira, Manuel R Teixeira, Sverre Heim, Torbjørn Rognes, Ragnhild A Lothe
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2009)

The ability to detect neoplasia-specific fusion genes is important not only in cancer research, but also increasingly in clinical settings to ensure that correct diagnosis is made and the optimal treatment is chosen. However, the available methodologies to detect such fusions all have their distinct short-comings. We describe a novel oligonucleotide microarray strategy whereby one can screen for all known oncogenic fusion transcripts in a single experiment. To accomplish this, we combine measurements of chimeric transcript junctions with exon-wise measurements of individual fusion partners. To demonstrate the usefulness of the approach, we designed a DNA microarray containing 68,861 oligonucleotide probes that includes oligos covering all combinations of chimeric exon-exon junctions from 275 pairs of fusion genes, as well as sets of oligos internal to all the exons of the fusion partners. Using this array, proof of principle was demonstrated by detection of known fusion genes (such as TCF3:PBX1, ETV6:RUNX1, and TMPRSS2:ERG) from all six positive controls consisting of leukemia cell lines and prostate cancer biopsies. This new method bears promise of an important complement to currently used diagnostic and research tools for the detection of fusion genes in neoplastic diseases.
Dioxin Exposure and Age of Pubertal Onset among Russian Boys
Authors: Susan A. Korrick, Mary M. Lee, Paige L. Williams, Oleg Sergeyev, Jane S. Burns, Donald G. Patterson, Wayman E. Turner, Larry L. Needham, Larisa Altshul, Boris Revich, Russ Hauser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Animal data demonstrate associations of dioxin, furan, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures with altered male gonadal maturation. It is unclear whether these associations apply to human populations.
Screening needs more answers
Authors: J. van Bergen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Oakeshott and colleagues evaluated the effect of chlamydia screening on pelvic inflammatory disease.1 Although screening showed no significant effect, data suggest benefit for the screened group: 1.6% developed clinical disease in the screened group compared with 9.5% in the deferred group. The authors suggest that much of the pelvic inflammatory disease is incident disease and might …
Ingested Carbohydrates and Blood Glucose in Diabetics
Authors: Beverly N. Halford
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Treatment of Insulin Reactions in Diabetics"<sup>1</sup>dealt with the use of different carbohydrate sources to alleviate hypoglycemia. Twenty grams of D-glucose was recommended to treat hypoglycemicreactions. A list of foodstuffs containing 20 g of D-glucose was given to be used in the absence of commercially available D-glucose preparations. This list of alternative glucose sources included a 2.5-oz Hershey milk chocolate bar. The choice of a chocolate bar perpetuates the misconception that glucose from different foodstuffs will produce similar glycemic excursions. Our calculations show the 2.5-oz (70-g) chocolate bar contains 39 g of sucrose. This supports the assumption that this candy bar contains 20 g of glucose. However, a look at studies published by Otto et al<sup>2</sup>in 1973 shows that the glycemic response to 25 g of carbohydrate taken as milk chocolate is approximately 30% of the response to glucose. We assume
Symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with thalassemia: Prevalence and correlates in the thalassemia longitudinal cohort
Authors: Lauren Mednick, Shuli Yu, Felicia Trachtenberg, Yan Xu, Dorothy A. Kleinert, Patricia J. Giardina, Janet L. Kwiatkowski, Dru Foote, Vivekanandan Thayalasuthan, John B. Porter, Alexis A. Thompson, Leann Schilling, Charles T. Quinn, Ellis J. Neufeld, Robert Yamashita
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that requires lifelong adherence to a complicated and burdensome medical regimen which could potentially impact emotional functioning of patients. The importance of understanding and promoting healthy emotional functioning is crucial not only to psychological well-being, but also to physical health as it has been shown to impact adherence to medical regimens [1-4]. The current study aimed to [1] determine the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescent and adult patients with thalassemia; and [2] explore possible demographic, medical, and psychosocial correlates of these symptoms in 276 patients (14–58 years old, M age = 27.83; 52% female). Overall, most patients did not report experiencing significant symptoms of anxiety and depression (33% of participants indicated experiencing symptoms of anxiety and 11% symptoms of depression). Females and older patients were more likely to experience these symptoms than males and younger patients. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were positively associated with self-report of difficulty with adherence and negatively associated with quality of life. Given these findings, regular screening for anxiety and depression symptoms could help to identify at-risk individuals to provide them with appropriate psychological support with the goal of improving both emotional and physical health. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Antitumor and Antimetastatic Activities of Docetaxel Are Enhanced by Genistein through Regulation of Osteoprotegerin/Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB (RANK)/RANK Ligand/MMP-9 Signaling in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yiwei Li, Omer Kucuk, Maha Hussain, Judith Abrams, Michael L. Cher, Fazlul H. Sarkar
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Bone metastasis is very common in advanced prostate cancer. Docetaxel has been shown to improve survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. However, treatment with docetaxel is associated with a certain degree of toxicity. Genistein, derived from soybeans, has been found to inhibit cancer cell growth without toxicity. We have recently reported that genistein could potentiate the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents both in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanism of this novel effect of genistein has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that genistein significantly potentiated the antitumor, anti-invasive, and antimetastatic activities of docetaxel both in culture and in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)-human model of experimental prostate cancer bone metastasis. We further conducted microarray analysis, real-time reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot analysis, small interfering RNA and cDNA transfection, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity assay, and invasion assay. We found that the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) was induced by genistein and inhibited by docetaxel, whereas genistein significantly down-regulated the expression and secretion of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) and inhibited osteoclast formation. Moreover, genistein down-regulated the expression and activity of MMP-9, which was induced by docetaxel treatment, and inhibited invasion of PC-3 cells. These results suggest that the observed potentiation of antitumor activity of docetaxel by genistein in the SCID-human model of experimental bone metastasis could be mediated by regulation of OPG/RANK/RANKL/MMP-9 signaling, resulting in the inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption and prostate cancer bone metastasis. From these results, we conclude that genistein could be a promising nontoxic agent to improve the treatment outcome of metastatic prostate cancer with docetaxel. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(9): 4816-25)
Antibiotic Therapy–Induced Remission of Bladder Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma Carrying t(11;18)(q21;q21) Apoptosis Inhibitor 2–<i>MALT1</i>
Authors: Marco Lucioni, Marta Nicola, Roberta Riboni, Giorgio A. Croci, Sara Rattotti, Manuel Gotti, Luca Arcaini, Marco Paulli, Silvia Cristina, Stefano Valentini, Carlo Martinengo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)
Reduced mitochondrial density in the vastus lateralis muscle of patients with COPD
Authors: H. R. Gosker, M. K. C. Hesselink, H. Duimel, K. A. Ward, A. M. W. J. Schols
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a well-recognised hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) leading to exercise intolerance. The vastus lateralis of COPD patients is characterised by reduced mitochondrial enzyme activity; however, this is not the case in the tibialis anterior. It is, however, unclear whether the compromised oxidative capacity in the vastus is due to reduced mitochondrial volume density. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of six COPD patients and four healthy age-matched controls, and from the tibialis anterior of another six COPD patients and six controls. Mitochondrial number, fractional area and morphometry, as well as Z-line width (as a surrogate marker of fibre type), were analysed using transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial number (0.34 versus 0.63 n·µm −2 ) and fractional area (1.95 versus 4.25%) were reduced in the vastus of COPD patients compared with controls. Despite a reduced mitochondrial number (0.65 versus 0.88 n·µm −2 ), the mitochondrial fractional area was maintained in the tibialis of COPD patients compared with controls. It can be concluded that the reduced mitochondrial fractional area is likely to contribute to the decreased oxidative capacity in the vastus of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, whereas the maintained mitochondrial fractional area in the tibialis may explain the normal oxidative capacity.