tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Babies removed from their parents at birth: 160 statutory care actions.
Authors: A C Fairburn, A W Tredinnick
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A total of 160 babies taken statutorily into care at or soon after birth in Britain have so far been traced, mostly since 1973. Both this and the figure of 47 such actions between April 1978 and March 1979 are almost certainly underestimates. In 144 instances child abuse or neglect or both had occurred in most (76%), but statutory action was also reported in 16 first-born babies. Schizophrenia and severe mental handicap in the parents accounted for 13%, major psychiatric factors being reported in half the cases. The practice is more widespread than was generally imagined, with doctors and nurses always concerned. More detailed surveillance of statutory care actions at birth and in the first three months of life is recommended.
Role for Krüppel-Like Factor 4 in Determining the Outcome of p53 Response to DNA Damage
Authors: Qibing Zhou, Yuan Hong, Qimin Zhan, Yan Shen, Zhihua Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Cells are incessantly exposed to many sources of genotoxic stress. A critical unresolved issue is how the resulting activation of the p53 tumor suppressor can lead to either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis depending on the extent of DNA damage. The present study shows that the level of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression is inversely correlated with the extent of DNA damage. KLF4 is activated by p53 following cytostatic, mild DNA damage, whereas it is strongly repressed via enhanced turnover of mRNA on severe DNA damage that irreversibly drives cells to apoptosis. Blocking the repression of KLF4 on severe DNA damage suppresses p53-mediated apoptosis, whereas ablation of the KLF4 induction on mild DNA damage shifts the p53 response from cell cycle arrest to cell death. Our results suggest that coordinate regulation of KLF4 expression depending on the extent of DNA damage may be an important mechanism that dictates the life and death decisions of p53.
A Symmetrical Fluorous Dendron‐Cyanine Dye‐Conjugated Bimodal Nanoprobe for Quantitative <sup>19</sup>F MRI and NIR Fluorescence Bioimaging
Authors: Zhe Wang, Xuyi Yue, Yu Wang, Chunqi Qian, Peng Huang, Marty Lizak, Gang Niu, Fu Wang, Pengfei Rong, Dale O. Kiesewetter, Ying Ma, Xiaoyuan Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

19 F MRI and optical imaging are two powerful noninvasive molecular imaging modalities in biomedical applications. 19 F MRI has great potential for high resolution in vivo imaging, while fluorescent probes enable ultracontrast cellular/tissue imaging with high accuracy and sensitivity. A bimodal nanoprobe is developed, integrating the merits of 19 F MRI and fluorescence imaging into a single synthetic molecule, which is further engineered into nanoprobe, by addressing shortcomings of conventional contrast agents to explore the quantitative 19 F MRI and fluorescence imaging and cell tracking. Results show that this bimodal imaging nanoprobe presents high correlation of 19 F MR signal and NIR fluorescence intensity in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, this nanoprobe enables quantitative 19 F MR analysis, confirmed by a complementary fluorescence analysis. This unique feature can hardly be obtained by traditional 19 F MRI contrast agents. It is envisioned that this nanoprobe can hold great potential for quantitative and sensitive multi‐modal molecular imaging.
Abortion in the first trimester
Authors: P. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1992)

tection should be available in time for the dipping season next year.General practitioners in rural areas can help by impressing on patients the importance of following the safety advice on the labels of all farm chemicals, including sheep dips, whether they contain organophosphates or not.Occasional reports are received of patients sus- pected to be suffering long term, recurrent effects from use of organophosphate sheep dips.Such effects do not equate with the known symptoms due to organophosphates used in sheep dips in Britain.The vague, flu-like symptoms of organophosphate poisoning resemble those of several zoonotic diseases (leptospirosis, brucellosis) en- countered in farm livestock.Awareness of the possibility of zoonotic disease is essential for a doctor faced with such symptoms in a patient who is associated with a farm.
Acute Radiation Nephritis Its Evolution on Sequential Bone Imaging
Authors: CHRISTOPHER PALESTRO, DEBRA FINEMAN, STANLEY J. GOLDSMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Acute radiation nephritis typically affects the kidneys 3-12 months after radiation exposure and may occur with doses as low as 2500 rads. After an initial latent period, the affected portions of the kidneys become swollen and edematous, and develop multiple petechiae. Necrotizing vasculitis and interstitial hemorrhage occur, and the end stage is that of scarring. Two patients are presented in whom localized acute radiation nephritis developed, and whose kidneys demonstrated the characteristic sequential changes of this entity on serial bone imaging.
Chronic Hemolysis following Fascia Lata and Starr-Edwards Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: KAMAL S. DAVE, CHAND K. MADAN, BROJESH C. PAKRASHI, BRYON E. ROBERTS, MARIAN I. IONESCU
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Sixty-two patients were investigated for chronic intravascular hemolysis from 3 months to 6½ years following aortic valve replacement; 27 patients had Starr-Edwards prostheses and 35 fascia lata grafts. The findings are suggestive of a significantly higher incidence and degree of hemolysis in patients with Starr-Edwards prostheses compared to those with fascia lata grafts. In both groups regurgitation was an important factor in producing hemolysis. In the absence of regurgitation fascia lata grafts do not produce significant hemolysis, while Starr-Edwards valves traumatize the red cells even in the absence of regurgitation. Starr-Edwards valves of small size are associated with hemolysis more often than larger ones are. Turbulent flow due to the obstructing ball is the probable mechanism of hemolysis in these patients. In most of the patients the degree of hemolysis appears to remain at the same level of activity. In rare instances, however, the hemolysis may regress. The mechanism for this is not clear. In a small number of patients, also, progressive hemolysis may necessitate removal and replacement of the valve.
B1-01: A multi-centre phase IIB randomized controlled study of BLP25 liposome vaccine (L-BLP25 or Stimuvax) for active specific immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): updated survival analysis
Authors: Charles Butts, Andrew Maksymiuk, Glenwood Goss, Denis Soulieres, Ernie Marshall, Yvon Cormier, Peter M. Ellis, Allan Price, Ravinder Sawhney, Nevin Murray
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
MANIA ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF I.N.H. AND COCAINE
Authors: FRANCIS J. KANE, TERRY W. TAYLOR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

A patient is reported who showed similar attacks of mania separated by an interval of 30 years associated on each occasion with the use of a drug which causes marked C.N.S. stimulation. It would seem, for this patient, at least, that the profound disturbance of C. N. S. function sometimes associated with these drugs served as an additional severe stress causing personality disruption and a manic illness. Since many compounds of this kind are being used increasingly for the treatment of mental
Defective Mismatch Repair Status as a Prognostic Biomarker of Disease-Free Survival in Stage III Colon Cancer Patients Treated with Adjuvant FOLFOX Chemotherapy
Authors: Aziz Zaanan, Jean-François Fléjou, Jean-François Emile, Guetz Gaëtan Des, Peggy Cuilliere-Dartigues, David Malka, Cédric Lecaille, Pierre Validire, Christophe Louvet, Philippe Rougier, Aimery de Gramont, Franck Bonnetain, Françoise Praz, Julien Taïeb
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Adding oxaliplatin to adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy improves 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) after resection of stage III colon cancer. Several studies suggest that patients with tumors exhibiting defective mismatch repair (MMR) do not benefit from adjuvant 5-FU chemotherapy, but there are few data on 5-FU-oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) adjuvant chemotherapy in this setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of MMR status for DFS in patients with stage III colon cancer receiving adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy.MMR status was determined by microsatellite instability testing or immunohistochemistry in 303 unselected patients with stage III colon cancer receiving adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy in 9 centers. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between MMR status and 3-year DFS.The 3-year DFS rate was significantly higher in the 34 patients (11.2% of the study population) with defective MMR tumors (90.5%) than in patients with proficient MMR tumors (73.8%; log-rank test; HR = 2.16; 95% CI, 1.09-4.27; P = 0.027). In multivariate analysis, MMR status remained an independent significant prognostic factor for DFS (HR = 4.48; 95% CI, 1.34-14.99; P = 0.015).MMR status is an independent prognostic biomarker for DFS in patients with stage III colon cancer receiving adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy.
Development of Electrocardiography
Authors: E. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1964)

obesity is sensible, but not much of practical value emerges from the study of chronic bronchitis.The book is a collection of essays on different topics designed for the intelligent layman.Very modestly the author writes in his preface that " it may indeed be useful to medical students and even to physicians."It surely will be.I found it fascinating and stimulating and I commend it unreservedly.It should be compulsory reading for writers of scientific papers in clinical journals.They would learn from it how to describe complex biological processes clearly and concisely.
Neurotrophic Factor Receptors in Epiretinal Membranes After Human Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Takayuki Harada, Chikako Harada, Yoshinori Mitamura, Chihiro Akazawa, Kenji Ohtsuka, Shigeaki Ohno, Shinobu Takeuchi, Keiji Wada
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—Formation of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) in the posterior fundus results in progressive deterioration of vision. ERMs have been associated with numerous clinical conditions, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), but its pathogenic mechanisms are still unknown. This study was conducted to determine whether neurotrophic factor receptors (tyrosine kinase receptors trkA, trkB, and trkC; low-affinity neurotrophin [NT] receptor p75 [p75NTR]; glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor receptor-α1 [GFRα1] and GFRα2; and Ret) are involved in the formation of ERMs after PDR. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—ERM samples were obtained by vitrectomy from 19 subjects with PDR aged 57 ± 8 years with 17 ± 8 years of diabetes and 15 subjects with idiopathic ERM. They were processed for RT-PCR analysis. In addition, 11 ERM samples from PDR patients aged 47 ± 18 years with 13 ± 4 years of diabetes were processed for immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS—Expressions of trkA, trkB, trkC, p75NTR, and Ret mRNAs were similar in both groups. In contrast, GFRα2 expression levels were significantly higher (17 of 19 vs. 2 of 15 subjects in idiopathic ERM, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) in PDR subjects. Accordingly, immunohistochemical analysis revealed expression of GFRα2 protein in all of the 11 ERMs derived from PDR patients, and that region was double-labeled with glial cell-specific markers. On the other hand, GFRα1 expression was lower (8 of 19 vs. 12 of 15 subjects with idiopathic ERM, P = 0.0258) in PDR subjects. CONCLUSIONS—These results suggest a possibility that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor (GDNF) subtypes are differently involved in the formation of ERMs.
Prevalence and Incidence Trends for Diagnosed Diabetes Among Adults Aged 20 to 79 Years, United States, 1980-2012
Authors: Linda S. Geiss, Jing Wang, Yiling J. Cheng, Theodore J. Thompson, Lawrence Barker, Yanfeng Li, Ann L. Albright, Edward W. Gregg
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Although the prevalence and incidence of diabetes have increased in the United States in recent decades, no studies have systematically examined long-term, national trends in the prevalence and incidence of diagnosed diabetes.To examine long-term trends in the prevalence and incidence of diagnosed diabetes to determine whether there have been periods of acceleration or deceleration in rates.We analyzed 1980-2012 data for 664,969 adults aged 20 to 79 years from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to estimate incidence and prevalence rates for the overall civilian, noninstitutionalized, US population and by demographic subgroups (age group, sex, race/ethnicity, and educational level).The annual percentage change (APC) in rates of the prevalence and incidence of diagnosed diabetes (type 1 and type 2 combined).The APC for age-adjusted prevalence and incidence of diagnosed diabetes did not change significantly during the 1980s (for prevalence, 0.2% [95% CI, -0.9% to 1.4%], P = .69; for incidence, -0.1% [95% CI, -2.5% to 2.4%], P = .93), but each increased sharply during 1990-2008 (for prevalence, 4.5% [95% CI, 4.1% to 4.9%], P < .001; for incidence, 4.7% [95% CI, 3.8% to 5.6%], P < .001) before leveling off with no significant change during 2008-2012 (for prevalence, 0.6% [95% CI, -1.9% to 3.0%], P = .64; for incidence, -5.4% [95% CI, -11.3% to 0.9%], P = .09). The prevalence per 100 persons was 3.5 (95% CI, 3.2 to 3.9) in 1990, 7.9 (95% CI, 7.4 to 8.3) in 2008, and 8.3 (95% CI, 7.9 to 8.7) in 2012. The incidence per 1000 persons was 3.2 (95% CI, 2.2 to 4.1) in 1990, 8.8 (95% CI, 7.4 to 10.3) in 2008, and 7.1 (95% CI, 6.1 to 8.2) in 2012. Trends in many demographic subpopulations were similar to these overall trends. However, incidence rates among non-Hispanic black and Hispanic adults continued to increase (for interaction, P = .03 for non-Hispanic black adults and P = .01 for Hispanic adults) at rates significantly greater than for non-Hispanic white adults. In addition, the rate of increase in prevalence was higher for adults who had a high school education or less compared with those who had more than a high school education (for interaction, P = .006 for <high school and P < .001 for high school).Analyses of nationally representative data from 1980 to 2012 suggest a doubling of the incidence and prevalence of diabetes during 1990-2008, and a plateauing between 2008 and 2012. However, there appear to be continued increases in the prevalence or incidence of diabetes among subgroups, including non-Hispanic black and Hispanic subpopulations and those with a high school education or less.
Women in Medical Education
Authors: Judith B. Braslow, Marilyn Heins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The 1970s was a decade of remarkable growth for women in academic medicine. The percentage of women entering medical school, the number of women on medical-school faculties, and the number of women in senior administrative positions have all increased during the past 10 years. Although substantial modifications have occurred in admission practices and in the general responsiveness of academic medicine to women, it is difficult for women in medical academia to be optimistic, because the number of women at senior professorial ranks and in administrative positions has been slow to change. The challenge to academic medicine in the 1980s is to ensure that women have equal access to leadership positions.
Liver Scan in Budd-Chiari Syndrome Correlation With CT and Doppler
Authors: EINAT EVEN-SAPIR, SIĂN E. ILES, DAVID C. BARNES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A liver scan performed for suspected Budd-Chiari syndrome revealed diffusely decreased uptake of the radio-colloid in the liver, except for a region in the liver corresponding to the caudate lobe. Enhanced CT scan clarified the changes in the liver anatomy and the presence of a hypertrophied caudate lobe. On Doppler examination, there was no flow in the major hepatic veins, and the flow in the portal vein was away from the liver. This case demonstrates the complementary role of the three modalities in the noninvasive evaluation of suspected Budd-Chiari syndrome.
Can theHelicobacter pylori eradication regimen induce platelet recovery inH. pylori-negative patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?
Authors: Hiroto Ohguchi, Junichi Kameoka, Hideo Harigae, Minami Yamada, Yasuo Tomiya, Shinichiro Takahashi, Kenichi Ishizawa, Nozomu Sano, Hitoshi Sekine, Takeshi Sasaki
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)
Impact of diabetes on uric acid and its relationship with the extent of coronary artery disease and platelet aggregation: A single-centre cohort study
Authors: Monica Verdoia, Lucia Barbieri, Alon Schaffer, Ettore Cassetti, Matteo Nardin, Giorgio Bellomo, Gianluca Aimaretti, Paolo Marino, Fabiola Sinigaglia, Giuseppe De Luca
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
The Humanities in Medical Schools
Authors: MARTHA L. ELKS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1985The Humanities in Medical SchoolsMARTHA L. ELKS, M.D., Ph.D.MARTHA L. ELKS, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-3-414 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors: A recent editorial suggested that "the humanities can bring the focus of medical education back to caring for the patient rather than treating the disease (1). In my experience, most courses in English, history, or other areas of the humanities involve analytical dissection of works of literature or events in history while ignoring or belittling any emotional or moral response to the situations. The addition of humanities courses to the medical curriculum would not bring caring back to the bedside.Caring is not taught by lecture or discussion group—it is taught by example and experience—and only learned...Reference1. HUTH E. The humanities, science, and the medical school curriculum [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:864-5. LinkGoogle Scholar1. WARREN K. The humanities in medical education. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:697-701. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HUTH E. The humanities, science, and the medical curriculum. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:864-5. LinkGoogle Scholar3. . Physicians for the twenty-first century. J Med Educ. 1984;59(11 pt 2):1-208. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARTHA L. ELKS, M.D., Ph.D.Affiliations: National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20205.▸The suggestion that "the humanities can bring the focus of medical education back to caring for the patient" is not my judgment but the conclusion of the monograph by Cassell I commented on. My judgment on this point is that ". . . students accept as the model for care what they see flowing between the faculty doctor and the teaching-hospital patient. . ." and that "The need is to make changes in the clinical faculty who are, in fact, the models." Dr. Elks, I agree with you.—The Editor. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA new method for the synthesis of n-(2-aminoethyl)azoles by alkylation of azoles with 2-alkyl-4,5-dihydrooxazoles 1 March 1985Volume 102, Issue 3Page: 414-414KeywordsEmotionsMedical educationMedical ethics, humanities, and education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Training Health Professionals to Use the Media
Authors: Norman S. Hartman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The report by Dr Gellert and colleagues<sup>1</sup>assessing public health officers' interactions with the media states that problem areas were identified and calls for training. Health officials who want to improve their standing with the media should not underestimate the importance of these findings. I am a former television journalist, more recently head of media relations for the California Department of Health Services, and now a consultant who specializes in media interview training for health officials. The findings by Gellert et al tend to reinforce my own anecdotal experiences in working and consulting with and training hundreds of public health officials in the United States and Canada. There is no substitute for good training in how to deal with the media. Training should include information about media motives, biases, how editors and reporters decide what is news, and tips on how to be effective in an
Pain and other non‐neurological adverse events in children with sickle cell anemia and previous stroke who received hydroxyurea and phlebotomy or chronic transfusions and chelation: Results from the SWiTCH clinical trial
Authors: Ofelia Alvarez, Nancy A. Yovetich, J. Paul Scott, William Owen, Scott T. Miller, William Schultz, Alexandre Lockhart, Banu Aygun, Jonathan Flanagan, Melanie Bonner, Brigitta U. Mueller, Russell E. Ware
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

To compare the non-neurological events in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and previous stroke enrolled in SWiTCH. The NHLBI-sponsored Phase III multicenter randomized clinical trial stroke with transfusions changing to hydroxyurea (SWiTCH) (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00122980) compared continuation of chronic blood transfusion/iron chelation to switching to hydroxyurea/phlebotomy for secondary stroke prevention and management of iron overload. All randomized children were included in the analysis (intention to treat). The Fisher's Exact test was used to compare the frequency of subjects who experienced at least one SCA-related adverse event (AE) or serious adverse event (SAE) in each arm and to compare event rates. One hundred and thirty three subjects, mean age 13 ± 3.9 years (range 5.2-19.0 years) and mean time of 7 years on chronic transfusion at study entry, were randomized and treated. Numbers of subjects experiencing non-neurological AEs were similar in the two treatment arms, including SCA-related events, SCA pain events, and low rates of acute chest syndrome and infection. However, fewer children continuing transfusion/chelation experienced SAEs (P = 0.012), SCA-related SAEs (P = 0.003), and SCA pain SAEs (P = 0.016) as compared to children on the hydroxyurea/phlebotomy arm. The timing of phlebotomy did not influence SAEs. Older age at baseline predicted having at least 1 SCA pain event. Patients with recurrent neurological events during SWiTCH were not more likely to experience pain. In children with SCA and prior stroke, monthly transfusions and daily iron chelation provided superior protection against acute vaso-occlusive pain SAEs when compared to hydroxyurea and monthly phlebotomy.
Epistaxis From Rupture of Aneurysm of Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: George R. Roth
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Epistaxis secondary to the rupture of an aneurysm of the internal carotid artery which has eroded into the paranasal sinus is a rare clinical entity. To our knowledge, only 20 cases have been reported in the literature. This case is added not only because of the rarity of the pathological condition, but also because of the treatment and results. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 70-year-old white woman was first seen in January of 1955 with a chief complaint of recurrent epistaxis on the left side. Intermittent mild attacks of epistaxis occurred over a period of several years, but the frequency and severity of the attacks had increased shortly before admission. There was an associated history of hypertension. Twenty years earlier the patient had experienced sudden loss of visual acuity in the left eye, diagnosed as the result of a central retinal vessel thrombosis. She regained partial vision