tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of Plasma Apolipoproteins in the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Purpose: To review current knowledge of apolipoprotein quantitation used in the clinical management of persons with or at risk for the development of premature coronary artery disease. Data Sources: The English-language literature was analyzed using MEDLINE (1975 to 1993) with key words "apolipoproteins," "quantitation," and "coronary artery disease." Article bibliographies were also reviewed to obtain additional references. Study Selection: Published, peer-reviewed retrospective and prospective studies relevant to the association of plasma apolipoprotein levels with coronary artery disease in humans. Data Synthesis: Most studies concerned apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), apolipoprotein B (apo B), and lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]). In retrospective cross-sectional studies, apo A-I levels were not substantially more predictive of coronary artery disease than were high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. In contrast, levels of apo B and Lp(a) were often more strongly associated with coronary artery disease than were traditional lipid measurements. In studies of the relation between apolipoprotein levels in children and premature coronary artery disease in their parents, Lp(a) levels, but not apo A-I and apo B levels, were consistently predictive of familial coronary artery disease. Prospective studies have yielded variable results for all three apolipoproteins. Low apo A-I levels were consistently associated with coronary artery disease in six prospective studies but were not more predictive than HDL levels. Apolipoprotein B levels were strongly associated with coronary artery disease in four of five prospective studies but were more predictive of coronary artery disease than were total cholesterol levels in only two of the four studies. Lipoprotein(a) levels were strongly associated with coronary artery disease in five of seven prospective studies but were not associated in two of the four largest studies. Conclusions: Too few large prospective studies of apolipoprotein quantitation using validated assay methods, both in general unselected populations and in subgroups of persons with premature coronary artery disease or family histories of premature coronary artery disease, are available to make definitive recommendations concerning clinical utility. The data do not support use of apolipoprotein quantitation as a screening tool to predict coronary artery disease risk in the general population. However, the data suggest that quantitation of apo B and Lp(a) may be indicated in subgroups of persons with premature coronary artery disease or with family histories of premature coronary artery disease. In these persons, an increased apo B or Lp(a) level or both could be a clinical indication for more aggressive treatment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Counselling failed exam candidates: A happier experience
Authors: S. Kanari
Journal: BMJ (1993)

shown would be equivalent to (and hence would obscure) about two weeks and six months of normal weight gain in babyhood and mid- childhood respectively; when being weighed, infants should be naked and children should wear minimum clothing compatible with modesty.Despite the expensive apparatus featured in the photographs measurements of height as shown would be only an approximation of the true value, making any later inferences about rate of growth meaningless.At a time when paediatricians and the govem- ment are trying to promote high quality child health surveillance such illustrations serve only to underline how much basic education still needs to be given to those who should know better.
Myocardial Gi -protein levels in patients with hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease and cardiogenic shock
Authors: M. Bohm, R. Kirchmayr, E. Erdmann
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Increased inhibitory G-protein alpha-subunits (Gi alpha) have been reported to be related to adenylyl cyclase desensitization in the failing human heart. In order to investigate whether this cellular alteration occurs already at the stage of hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy or in catecholamine-refractory cardiogenic shock, Gi alpha levels were studied in myocardial samples from patients with hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy, coronary heart disease without heart failure and from patients with cardiogenic shock on high-dose catecholamine therapy as well as from patients without evidence of heart disease.Gi alpha was quantified with pertussis-toxin-catalyzed 32P-ADP-ribosylation and with a radioimmunoassay in myocardial samples from patients within 16 h of death. The radioimmunoassay was constructed with recombinant G-protein alpha-subunits (rGi alpha 1) from transformed E. coli harbouring the full-length cDNA of Gi alpha 1, iodinated peptide 125I-KENLKDCGLF and immunoprecipitating antiserum (MB 1) raised against the synthetic peptide (KENLKDCGLF) in rabbits.Pertussis toxin substrates and immunochemical Gi alpha remained stable up to 80 h following storage at room temperature in myocardium obtained during cardiac transplantation. Gs alpha, adenylyl cyclase, beta-adrenoceptors and inhibitory receptors were not stable and could not be determined. Increases in myocardial Gi alpha of 65-82% of both pertussis toxin substrates and immunologically quantified Gi alpha were observed in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. Catecholamine therapy in patients who died of catecholamine-refractory shock increased myocardial Gi alpha by 225% compared to myocardium from patients with coronary heart disease without heart failure and without catecholamine therapy or compared to control myocardium.These findings provide evidence than an increase in myocardial Gi alpha-proteins could be of relevance in pathological conditions other than chronic heart failure. Since an increase in Gi alpha levels already occurs in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy, it could play a role in contributing to the development of contractile dysfunction and heart failure in later stages of the syndrome. Finally, an increase in Gi alpha could be one mechanism contributing to catecholamine refractoriness in shock. This could provide a target for pharmacological treatment in this condition.
South Africa's rising maternal mortality is due to health system failures, says report
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Despite having the highest health spending per person in sub-Saharan Africa, South Africa is unlikely to meet its target of reducing maternal mortality under the United Nations’ millennium development goals, says a new report by Human Rights Watch.

Maternal mortality rates have generally fallen across sub-Saharan Africa in recent years, in keeping with the global target of a 75% reduction in 1999 rates by 2015. But South Africa’s maternal mortality rate has more than quadrupled in the past decade, “leaping from 150 to 625 deaths per 100 000 live births between 1998 and 2007,” says the report.

The report concedes that data on maternal mortality are notoriously difficult to gather and evaluate, and it says that the rise is probably due to an increase in reporting …
Tissue Doppler Image-Derived Measurements During Isovolumic Contraction Predict Exercise Capacity in Patients With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Eun Joo Cho, Giuseppe Caracciolo, Bijoy K. Khandheria, D. Eric Steidley, Robert Scott, Walter P. Abhayaratna, Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran, Partho P. Sengupta
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Enteric Infections and Their Sequelae
Authors: Roger A. Lewis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE acute dysenteric diseases have been studied in various overseas installations throughout the world, but follow-up studies are scarce. Most of the patients in this group were carefully observed overseas, and in many cases the complete clinical record was available, making the follow-up study particularly significant. The cases referred to below were observed on the gastrointestinal section of a United States Army general hospital during the latter half of 1945. Attention was centered on the problems of diagnosis and treatment, since little importance could be attached to incidence in such a selected group of cases.Overseas records and routine case . . .
Clinial Picture Accompanying a Flat Small-intestinal Mucosa
Authors: W. Hindle, B. Creamer
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Flat Small-intestinal Mucosa-Hindle and Creamer MEDIBALH intrinsic defect, as in coeliac disease and a fair proportion of adult cases, but that in others it may be secondary to some other disease.The list of causative diseases is already long and probably others will be added.The implication to be drawn from the patients in Group III is that the primary disease may either be well established years before the mucosal change or that the malabsorption and mucosal abnormality present shortly beforehand.With this in mind it is suggested that all patients with a short history of malabsorption should be suspected of an underlying disease which may be excluded only by observation over a period of time.The terminology of this condition has never been satis- factory, and the label " idiopathic steatorrhoea " has long been challenged.We would suggest the substitution of coeliac syndrome, which may be primary or secondary, as being accurate and euphonious, until more definite knowledge is available. SummaryFifty patients with a flat small-intestinal mucosa have been reviewed.Eight (16%) had coeliac disease and 24 (48%) had no disease other than a malabsorption state.The remaining 18 (36%) had some other disease which either antedated the onset of malabsorption by many years or succeeded it by a relatively short interval.It is suggested that in this last group the flat mucosa was a complication of the associated disease.If this explanation is correct then the finding of a flat jejunal mucosa on biopsy can no longer be regarded as diagnostic of idiopathic steatorrhoea.
Presynaptic Dopaminergic Deficits in Lesch–Nyhan Disease
Authors: Monique Ernst, Alan J. Zametkin, John A. Matochik, Daisy Pascualvaca, Peter H. Jons, Kristina Hardy, James G. Hankerson, Doris J. Doudet, Robert M. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Lesch-Nyhan disease is a rare, devastating, X-linked recessive disorder of purine synthesis. Patients present with hyperuricemia, choreoathetosis, dystonia, and aggressive and self-injurious behavior. Although the genetic and biochemical abnormalities have been identified, the causes of the neuropsychiatric syndrome remain unclear.We used positron-emission tomography to measure presynaptic accumulation of fluorodopa F 18 tracer in the dopaminergic regions of the brains of 12 patients with Lesch-Nyhan disease (age, 10 to 20 years) and 15 healthy controls (age, 12 to 23). The results were expressed as ratios of specific to nonspecific radioactive counts. A low ratio indicates decreased dopa decarboxylase activity and dopamine storage.The fluorodopa F 18 ratio was significantly lower in the putamen (31 percent of control values), caudate nucleus (39 percent), frontal cortex (44 percent), and ventral tegmental complex (substantia nigra and ventral tegmentum; 57 percent) in the patients with Lesch-Nyhan disease than in the controls. Uptake of the tracer was abnormally low even in the youngest patients tested, and there was no overlap in the values between patients and controls.Patients with Lesch-Nyhan disease have abnormally few dopaminergic nerve terminals and cell bodies. The abnormality involves all dopaminergic pathways and is not restricted to the basal ganglia. These dopaminergic deficits are pervasive and appear to be developmental in origin, which suggests that they contribute to the characteristic neuropsychiatric manifestations of the disease.
FREQUENCY OF SEVERE VALVULAR DISEASE CAUSED BY MEDIASTINAL RADIATION AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING VALVE SURGERY IN A REGIONAL ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER
Authors: Kevin A. Copeland, Vinay R. Hosmane, Claudine Jurkovitz, Paul Kolm, James Bowen, Jon F. Strasser, Michael K. Banbury, Timothy J. Gardner, William S. Weintraub, Andrew J. Doorey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
DIABETES MELLITUS, CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY AMONG ASYMPTOMATIC MEN AND WOMEN
Authors: Jamal S. Rana, Heidi Gransar, Leslee J. Shaw, Nathan D. Wong, Paolo Raggi, James Min, Tracy Q. Callister, Mathew Budoff, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
THE CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSTIC GUIDES OF INTESTINAL OBSTKUCTION.
Authors: H. TUHOLSKE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>VARIETIES OF ILEUS.</h3> The medical writers of classical antiquity, beginning with Hippocrates, applied the term ileus to pathologic conditions in the abdomen characterized by meteorism, pain, vomiting of bilious feculent matter and interference with the passage of feces and flatus. The essential cause was believed to be inflammation of the intestine or of the peritoneum and<i>"ex inflammatione resiccatur intestinum et constipatur ut neque flatum neque alimenta transmuttat. Venter durus fit et vomit interdum imprimis quidum pituitosa deinde vero biliosa, tandem etiam stercus."</i><sup>1</sup>According to Galen, inflammation produces a cessation of peristalsis, absolute constipation, or antiperistalsis with vomiting of fecal matter, or in brief, the disease called ileus. All through the middle ages the influence of the teaching of Hippocrates and Galen remained dominant. With the development of the anatomic school in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and the more careful postmortem examinations, varying anatomic conditions were recognized as the
Dialysis and Psoriasis
Authors: Allen R. Nissenson, Marvin J. Rapaport, Robert G. Narins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1980Dialysis and PsoriasisALLEN R. NISSENSON, M.D., MARVIN J. RAPAPORT, M.D., ROBERT G. NARINS, M.D.ALLEN R. NISSENSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARVIN J. RAPAPORT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT G. NARINS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-5-709_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We agree with Halevy and colleagues (1) that further controlled trials are needed before we can conclusively determine the role of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of psoriasis. We must take strong exception to some of their statements, however.Generalized psoriatic exfoliative dermatitis is an uncommon form of psoriasis often refractory to conventional therapy. By studying such patients, we may indeed have selected just those who would respond to no form of treatment. On the other hand, we felt that a technique such as hemodialysis, with serious potential side effects, should be attempted only in...References1. HALEVYHALEVYROSENFELDFEUERMAN SJJE. Dialysis for psoriasis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:263. Letter. LinkGoogle Scholar2. TWARDOWSKINOLPHRUBINANDERSON JKJP. Peritoneal dialysis for psoriasis: an uncontrolled study. Ann Intern Med. 1978;88:349-51. LinkGoogle Scholar3. ANDERSON P. Progress concerning dialysis for psoriatics. Artif Organs. 1979;3:382-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. NOLPHRUBINANDERSON KJP. Dialysis and psoriasis. Ann Intern Med. 1978;89:285. Letter. LinkGoogle Scholar5. BREATHNACHBOONBLACKJONESWING SNMNA. Psoriasis developing during dialysis. Br Med J. 1979;1:236. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. FRIEDMANDELANO EB. Psoriasis developing de novo during hemodialysis. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:132. Letter. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1980Volume 92, Issue 5Page: 709-710KeywordsMedical dialysisPeritoneal dialysisPsoriasis Issue Published: 1 May 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Association Between Radiotherapy vs No Radiotherapy Based on Early Response to VAMP Chemotherapy and Survival Among Children With Favorable-Risk Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Monika L. Metzger, Howard J. Weinstein, Melissa M. Hudson, Amy L. Billett, Eric C. Larsen, Alison Friedmann, Scott C. Howard, Sarah S. Donaldson, Matthew J. Krasin, Larry E. Kun, Karen J. Marcus, Torunn I. Yock, Nancy Tarbell, Catherine A. Billups, Jianrong Wu, Michael P. Link
Journal: JAMA (2012)

More than 90% of children with favorable-risk Hodgkin lymphoma can achieve long-term survival, yet many will experience toxic effects from radiation therapy. Pediatric oncologists strive for maintaining excellent cure rates while minimizing toxic effects.To evaluate the efficacy of 4 cycles of vinblastine, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), methotrexate, and prednisone (VAMP) in patients with favorable-risk Hodgkin lymphoma who achieve a complete response after 2 cycles and do not receive radiotherapy.Multi-institutional, unblinded, nonrandomized single group phase 2 clinical trial to assess the need for radiotherapy based on early response to chemotherapy. Eighty-eight eligible patients with Hodgkin lymphoma stage I and II (<3 nodal sites, no B symptoms, mediastinal bulk, or extranodal extension) enrolled between March 3, 2000, and December 9, 2008. Follow-up data are current to March 12, 2012.The 47 patients who achieved a complete response after 2 cycles received no radiotherapy, and the 41 with less than a complete response were given 25.5 Gy-involved-field radiotherapy.Two-year event-free survival was the primary outcome measure. A 2-year event-free survival of greater than 90% was desired, and 80% was considered to be unacceptably low.Two-year event-free survival was 90.8% (95% CI, 84.7%-96.9%). For patients who did not require radiotherapy, it was 89.4% (95% CI, 80.8%-98.0%) compared with 92.5% (95% CI, 84.5%-100%) for those who did (P = .61). Most common acute adverse effects were neuropathic pain (2% of patients), nausea or vomiting (3% of patients), neutropenia (32% of cycles), and febrile neutropenia (2% of patients). Nine patients (10%) were hospitalized 11 times (3% of cycles) for febrile neutropenia or nonneutropenic infection. Long-term adverse effects after radiotherapy were asymptomatic compensated hypothyroidism in 9 patients (10%), osteonecrosis and moderate osteopenia in 2 patients each (2%), subclinical pulmonary dysfunction in 12 patients (14%), and asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction in 4 patients (5%). No second malignant neoplasms were observed.Among patients with favorable-risk Hodgkin lymphoma and a complete early response to chemotherapy, the use of limited radiotherapy resulted in a high rate of 2-year event-free survival.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00145600.
Longitudinal effects of change in body mass on measurements of ventilatory capacity.
Authors: D. J. Chinn, J. E. Cotes, J. W. Reed
Journal: Thorax (1996)

In several longitudinal studies changes in body mass and in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) have been found to be negatively correlated. This paper tests the hypothesis that failure to allow for the association can lead to error in the interpretation of longitudinal measurements of ventilatory capacity.Male shipyard workers (n = 1005) were assessed on two occasions with an average interval between measurements of 6.9 years. A respiratory symptoms questionnaire, detailed anthropometric measurements, and dynamic spirometric tests were undertaken. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify variables which contributed to the changes in lung function.After allowing for age and growth in stature, a change in body mass of 1 kg was, on average, associated with a mean (SE) converse change in FEV1 of 17.6 (2.0) ml, and in forced vital capacity (FVC) of 21.1 (2.5) ml. Neglect of changes in body mass (which in this context reflected changes in body fat) led to underestimation of the longitudinal decline in FEV1 with age and failure to detect significant improvements in FEV1, both in smokers following discontinuation of smoking and in shipyard welders and caulker/burners as a consequence of leaving their employment. The estimated peak ages and associated peak levels of the indices were found to differ, depending on whether or not they were expressed at constant body mass.Neglect of changes in body mass can lead to erroneous conclusions being drawn from longitudinal measurements of FEV1.
Profit Sharing between Professors and the University?
Authors: Bernard D. Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The intellectual yield from our country's investment in fundamental biologic research has been tremendous. Through the fusion of genetics with bio-chemistry and through the development of ingenious techniques for exploring the range of dimensions that were formerly hidden between microscopy and chemistry, we have acquired a remarkably coherent picture of the universal features of cell structure and function. Moreover, Darwin's theory can now be considered Darwin's law: We understand how the required genetic variation arises, we understand why information cannot flow back from phenotype to genotype, and we can measure evolutionary distance directly in terms of DNA sequences. Yet, however . . .
Abstract 3134: Exomic landscape of somatic variation in uterine leiomyomas.
Authors: Netta Mäkinen, Pia Vahteristo, Lauri A. Aaltonen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids, are benign tumors for which the lifetime risk in women by the age of 50 has been estimated to be nearly 70%. Fibroids arise from smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. Regardless of their benign nature, leiomyomas can cause difficult symptoms, such as excessive bleeding, abdominal pain, pregnancy complications, and infertility. They are also the most common cause for hysterectomy. Considering the prevalence of these lesions, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of their growth and tumorigenesis. We have previously showed by exome sequencing that mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) exon 2 is mutated in approximately 70% of sporadic uterine leiomyomas. The aim of this study is to examine molecular genetic background of MED12 mutation positive lesions, as well as to identify additional recurrent somatic variants from those fibroids that do not harbor MED12 mutations and cannot be explained for example by mutations in fumarase hydratase (FH) which has already previously been associated with the predisposition to uterine leiomyomas. We performed whole exome sequencing of 28 uterine leiomyomas and their corresponding myometrium pairs. Exome sequencing data of the uterine leiomyomas was filtered against data from the respective normal tissue, the 1000Genomes Project (93 FIN samples, Phase 1 release v2), rs-coded SNPs taken from the Database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP, Build 132), and 70 in-house control exomes to exclude germ line variation from the analysis. Both exomic regions and sequences within two base pairs of the exon-intron boundaries were analyzed. Synonymous coding and intronic variants were not included to the study. All potentially significant mutations and their somatic status were validated by Sanger sequencing. Based on our results, uterine leiomyomas harbor less mutations than malignant tumors. We have not identified mutations in genes, such as TP53 or PTEN, which are associated with tumor malignancy. In addition to MED12, there are no other recurrent point mutations or small insertion-deletion type of mutations in sporadic uterine leiomyomas. Our results emphasize the major role of MED12 in tumorigenesis of these lesions. Citation Format: Netta Mäkinen, Pia Vahteristo, Lauri A. Aaltonen. Exomic landscape of somatic variation in uterine leiomyomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3134. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3134