tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: a method of measuring response to intra-articular treatments
Authors: P Creamer, M Keen, F Zananiri, J C Waterton, R A Maciewicz, C Oliver, P Dieppe, I Watt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> To investigate the potential of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate between therapeutically induced changes in inflammation and synovial proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of the knee. <h3>METHODS</h3> MRI of the knee was performed on patients with RA before and one week after injection with corticosteroid (triamcinolone acetonide, TA group, n=9) and before, four, and 12 weeks after injection with yttrium-90 plus TA (TA+Y group, n=7). MRI scans were analysed by subjective visual grading by a trained observer and by computer aided quantitation for three features: synovial fluid volume, synovial pannus volume, and synovial enhancement after intravenous contrast agent. <h3>RESULTS</h3> All TA subjects improved clinically at one week but the effects of TA+Y were more variable. TA significantly reduced synovial enhancement and effusion volume, whereas TA+Y at 12 weeks tended to increase synovial enhancement and decrease pannus volume. Quantitative MRI values agreed well with subjective assessment of scans. Comparison of calculated change on MRI scan before and immediately after aspiration with actual volume aspirated showed high correlation (<i>r</i>=0.96). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Quantitative MRI correlates with subjective visual assessment and, at least for synovial fluid, is accurate. MRI can differentiate actions of two therapeutic modalities on various pathological processes and is sensitive enough to detect change after one week. With the additional advantage of lack of observer bias, it will probably become a useful tool in the development and assessment of existing and novel treatments.
Observations of Conversion Reactions Seen in Troops Involved in the Viet Nam Conflict
Authors: NORMAN L. CARDEN, DOUGLAS J. SCHRAMEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

The authors were impressed with the relatively high incidence of "classical" conversion reactions among troops evacuated to a psychiatric referral center in the Philippines following combat service in Viet Nam. Social and environmental pressures seemed to be significant both in precipitating the symptoms and in the form the symptoms took. The authors speculate as to whether the cases reflect the patient's response to a recent traumatic event or an attempt to explain an emotional conflict of prior existence in a socially acceptable way.
Unilateral Spinal Accessory Nerve Palsy caused by Arm Sling
Authors: A. W. Woodruff
Journal: BMJ (1950)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JouwNAIexternal genitalia are duplicated too, whilst others use it in cases in which duplication is incomplete.The association of congenital abnormalities in other systems with defects in the genital tract has been commented on by many authors and was recently emphasized by Burton-Brown (1948).In particular, various develop- mental errors are to be found in the urinary organs-a fact which is not surprising, bearing in mind that the genital and urinary organs are so closely associated in their development.
Genomic DNA damage and ATR-Chk1 signaling determine oncolytic adenoviral efficacy in human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Claire M. Connell, Atsushi Shibata, Laura A. Tookman, Kyra M. Archibald, Magdalena B. Flak, Katrina J. Pirlo, Michelle Lockley, Sally P. Wheatley, Iain A. McNeish
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Oncolytic adenoviruses replicate selectively within and lyse malignant cells. As such, they are being developed as anticancer therapeutics. However, the sensitivity of ovarian cancers to adenovirus cytotoxicity varies greatly, even in cells of similar infectivity. Using both the adenovirus E1A-CR2 deletion mutant dl922-947 and WT adenovirus serotype 5 in a panel of human ovarian cancer cell lines that cover a 3-log range of sensitivity, we observed profound overreplication of genomic DNA only in highly sensitive cell lines. This was associated with the presence of extensive genomic DNA damage. Inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related checkpoint kinase 1 (ATR-Chk1), but not ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), promoted genomic DNA damage and overreplication in resistant and partially sensitive cells. This was accompanied by increased adenovirus cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo in tumor-bearing mice. We also demonstrated that Cdc25A was upregulated in highly sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines after adenovirus infection and was stabilized after loss of Chk1 activity. Knockdown of Cdc25A inhibited virus-induced DNA damage in highly sensitive cells and blocked the effects of Chk1 inhibition in resistant cells. Finally, inhibition of Chk1 decreased homologous recombination repair of virus-induced genomic DNA double-strand breaks. Thus, virus-induced host cell DNA damage signaling and repair are key determinants of oncolytic adenoviral activity, and promoting unscheduled DNA synthesis and/or impeding homologous recombination repair could potentiate the effects of oncolytic adenoviruses in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
P128 A New, Efficient Spirometry-based Algorithm To Predict Restrictive Lung Disease In Workplace Respiratory Surveillance
Authors: S. De Matteis, A. Iridoy, P. Cullinan
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Spirometry is frequently carried out as part of workplace-based respiratory surveillance programmes for the detection of both obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. However, the performance of spirometry to detect restrictive lung diseases is generally poor and especially so if the prevalence of the disease in the tested population is low such as in many working populations. Our aim was to increase the specificity and the positive predictive value (PPV) of current spirometry-based algorithms to diagnose restrictive lung diseases in the occupational health setting to reduce false positives and so the number of unnecessary and expensive referrals for lung volume measurements in hospital. <h3>Methods</h3> We re-analysed two prospective studies of 259 and 265 tertiary care hospital consecutive patients, respectively used to derive and validate the current standard spirometry-based algorithm (FVC &lt;85% predicted and FEV1/FVC &gt;55%) to diagnose restrictive lung diseases (Glady CA, <i>et al</i>. Chest 2003). We used true lung restrictive cases (TLC &lt;LLN predicted) as a gold standard in 2 × 2 contingency tables to estimate sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for each potential diagnostic cut-off. Predicted values for spirometry parameters were calculated by using both Crapo and Hankinson equations. Because our target population is active workers we tested the performance of each diagnostic algorithm among subjects under 65 years old and with a simulated prevalence of restrictive disease of 10% and 1%. In addition, we compared the performance of our best diagnostic algorithm to the ones previously reported by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. <h3>Results</h3> Our best diagnostic algorithm (FVC &lt;70% predicted and FEV1/FVC≥0.7) had a higher specificity (96% using Hankinson prediction equation) and PPV (80% and 27% for a disease prevalence of 10% and 1%, respectively) compared to previous algorithms. For example, compared to Glady’s algorithm, among 184 people tested, ours produced only 6 (3%) false positives vs. 64 (34%), and correctly classified 91% subjects vs. 65%, corresponding to an area under the ROC curve of 0.83 vs. 0.77. The results were confirmed in the validation dataset. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our proposed spirometry-based algorithm accurately excludes pulmonary restriction and reduces unnecessary lung volume testing in occupational health clinical setting.
Large Cell Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: Gerald J. Vosika
Journal: JAMA (1979)

INCREASINGLY, reports of effective multidrug chemotherapy programs for small cell carcinoma of the lung are describing remission rates of 60% to 90%, prolonged survival,<sup>1</sup>and possible cure.<sup>2</sup>Results of such multidrug regimens for patients with lung carcinoma of types other than small cell have been less encouraging, with only modest overall response rates and increase in survival.<sup>3,4</sup>I treated a patient who was originally seen in March 1973 for metastatic large cell carcinoma of the lung with chemotherapy only. At this time, four years later, and after two years without specific antitumor therapy, he is free of detectable disease. A recent thoracotomy showed only scar tissue that was the result of healing atypical mycobacterial infection. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 47-year-old man noted a right inguinal mass 11 months prior to his first hospital admission. Several weeks previously, he noticed a right preauricular cutaneous lesion. Physical examination
Pulmonary Fibrosis and Dermatomyositis
Authors: D. Robert Webb
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  The CLINICAL GRAND ROUNDS entitled A Case of Dermatomyositis (233:66, 1975) presents the essentials of dermatomyositis in a very well-balanced fashion. I would like to comment on Dr Druger's discussion of pulmonary complications. I suggest that although pulmonary fibrosis is usually considered rare, it is common among patients with polymyositis and, unfortunately, not sought for or recognized.  Since caring for a man with dermatomyositis presenting as pulmonary fibrosis in 1970 (222:1146, 1972), I have seen at least six patients with this pulmonary complication. Dyspnea, nonproductive, irritative cough, and fine basilar crepitant rales were prominent in all of these patients. Diffusing capacities were less than 50% of predicted in all except one. Four of the five patients with followup responded to either corticosteroids, immunosuppressive therapy, or both. Pulmonary symptoms preceded recognition of muscle weakness in three of these subsequent patients; therefore, seeking occult muscle disease in patients with
Abstract LB-103: L1CAM-targeted delivery of siRNA using elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) nanoparticles inhibits the growth of human tumors implanted in mice
Authors: Thomas Primiano, Bey-Dih Chang, Jeremy D. Heidel
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Small interfering RNA (siRNA) drugs provide ideal means for perturbing intracellular oncogenic targets. However, specific delivery of siRNA to tumors has proven to be difficult. An ELP was engineered with an N-terminal region that binds to L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), and a C-terminal region that binds siRNA. Upon binding of siRNA, the L1CAM targeted ELP (ELP-L) spontaneously assembled into a spherical nanocomplex with the siRNA protected within, and the CAM-binding region protruding from the surface. These nanoparticles were used to deliver siRNA to SKOV3 tumors formed following surgical implantation of the cells into the left ovary of mice. Two weeks after implantation, mice were dosed with vehicle, ELP-L-complexed control siRNA (siCON), or ELP-L-complexed siEVI1, an siRNA to the oncogenic transcription factor EVI1, that is known to enable cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in ovarian tumor cells. To initially assess biodistribution, a single dose of ELP-L-DY800-labeled siEVI1 (10 mg/kg, ip) localized into ovarian tumors as early as 4 h, and remained for 72 h, as measured by co-registration of near infrared fluorescence with tumor bioluminescence in live mice. The ELP-L-DY800-siEVI1 was eliminated via kidney and did not accumulate in heart, lung, spleen or liver showing specific localization to tumors. To evaluate efficacy, the mean flux of bioluminescence from ovarian tumors of ten mice receiving 14 doses of 10 mg/kg siEVI1 in ELP-L over 28 days decreased by 92% with respect to mice dosed with 5% dextrose. Immunoblot and qPCR results showed EVI1 protein and mRNA levels decreased more than 50% in mice dosed with siEVI1 compared to siCON or vehicle. There were no observable adverse effects in the mice throughout the dosing period. These results are consistent with an RNA interference mechanism and suggest that ELP-L effectively delivers siEVI1 to tumors with limited toxicity. Furthermore, EVI1 appears to be a good target for ovarian cancer therapy and silencing by siRNAs is an effective means of triggering the death of ovarian tumor cells. Citation Format: Thomas Primiano, Bey-Dih Chang, Jeremy D. Heidel. L1CAM-targeted delivery of siRNA using elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) nanoparticles inhibits the growth of human tumors implanted in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-103. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-103
THE EFFECT OF CALPAIN IN EXPRESSION OF 11,12-EPOXYEICSATRIENOIC ACIDS IN OB-/OB- RATS
Authors: SangJin Kim, Xiao Lei Gao, Sun Hwa Lee, LaeYoung Jung, YiShik Kim, Hae-Eun Yun, SangRok Lee, WonHo Kim, JaeKi Ko, JeiKeon Chae
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
It Takes a Community... to Lower the STD Rate
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

REDUCING THE IMPACT of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) requires moving beyond traditional clinics and into the community, actively seeking out those who are at greatest risk—women and adolescents, the poor, migrant workers, drug users, and people who are incarcerated. That efforts to reach such groups along these lines can be effective is demonstrated by recent reports from a number of community-based programs specifically designed to reduce the incidence of STDs. "When given adequate resources, these programs can be highly effective in providing STD information and prevention messages to people at risk," said Peggy Clarke, president of the American Social Health Association (ASHA), during a panel discussion on STDs held last month in Washington, DC. Four of the panelists, directors of community-based STD prevention programs, were cited as winners of a national competition held to recognize such programs, sponsored by 3M pharmaceuticals, St Paul, Minn. Clarke was one of the judges
A Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor LBH589 Downregulates XIAP in Mesothelioma Cell Lines Which is Likely Responsible for Increased Apoptosis With TRAIL
Authors: James Symanowski, Nicholas Vogelzang, Leigh Zawel, Peter Atadja, Harvey Pass, Sunil Sharma
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Can Inexpensive Signs Encourage the Use of Stairs? Results from a Community Intervention
Authors: Ross E. Andersen, Shawn C. Franckowiak, Julia Snyder, Susan J. Bartlett, Kevin R. Fontaine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: The U.S. Surgeon General advocates the accumulation of moderate-intensity activity throughout the day to improve health. Objective: To test the effectiveness of signs to encourage use of stairs instead of escalators. Design: Community intervention. Setting: Shopping center. Participants: 17 901 shoppers. Intervention: Signs promoting the health and weight-control benefits of stair use were placed beside escalators with adjacent stairs. Measurements: The sex, age, race, weight classification, and use of stairs were observed. Results: Overall, stair use increased from 4.8% to 6.9% and 7.2% with the health and weight-control signs, respectively. Younger persons increased their stair use from 4.6% to 6.0% with the health sign and 6.1% with the weight-control sign. Older persons almost doubled their stair use from 5.1% to 8.1% with the health sign and increased use to 8.7% with the weight-control sign. Differential use of stairs was observed between ethnic groups. Among white persons, stair use increased from 5.1% to 7.5% and 7.8% with the health and weight-control signs, respectively. Among black persons, stair use decreased from 4.1% to 3.4% with the health sign and increased to 5.0% with the weight-control sign. At baseline, lean persons used the stairs more often than overweight persons (5.4% and 3.8%, respectively). The health sign increased stair use to 7.2% among normal-weight persons and 6.3% among overweight persons; the weight-control sign prompted stair use to increase to 6.9% among persons of normal weight and to 7.8% among overweight persons. Conclusions: Simple, inexpensive interventions can increase physical activity. Research is needed to identify effective motivators to promote activity among black persons.
Role of Pulmonary Lymphatics in Chronic Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Herman N. Uhley, Sanford E. Leeds, John J. Sampson, Meyer Friedman
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

Previously small increases in canine pulmonary lymph flow found in acute pulmonary venous hypertension were ineffective in preventing fatal pulmonary edema. Our objective was to determine if functional expansion of the pulmonary lymphatic system could occur over a period of time and possibly aid in preventing critical pulmonary edema. Chronic heart failure was successfully induced in ten dogs by creating an aorticocaval anastomosis and administrating desoxycorticosterone trimethylacetate and a salt-rich diet. Pulmonary lymph flow was obtained at the time of sacrifice by tapping an isolated lymph-collecting chamber produced in the right external jugular vein. Gross increases in pulmonary lymph flow, varying from 300 to 2,800 per cent over the normal flow of 4 ml./hr., were found in 7 of the 10 dogs. These observations indicate that important functional expansion of the pulmonary lymph drainage can occur over a period of time, and such expansion may occur as a compensatory mechanism for the prevention of overt pulmonary edema.
PRIMARY MALIGNANT TUMORS OF BONE
Authors: HENRY W. MEYERDING
Journal: JAMA (1941)

This study of 424 primary malignant tumors of bone encountered at the Mayo Clinic during the past quarter century (1909 to 1934) was undertaken in response to the invitation of the "Sociedad Argentina de Cirugia" to one of us to participate in a symposium. We have reviewed the records, clinical and laboratory observations, roentgenograms, pathologic characteristics, treatment and results of treatment. We have had the cooperation of the pathologists in classifying 361 (85 per cent) of the tumors in these cases and in grading the malignancy of most of them. By careful follow-up inquiry we have traced 98.3 per cent of 424 patients over a period of three years and 96.5 per cent of 371 patients for five years after examination and first treatment (table 1). The practitioner of internal medicine rarely encounters primary malignant tumors of bone and is compelled to depend on large medical centers or on group
Chromatin Regulator PRC2 Is a Key Regulator of Epigenetic Plasticity in Glioblastoma
Authors: Atsushi Natsume, Motokazu Ito, Keisuke Katsushima, Fumiharu Ohka, Akira Hatanaka, Keiko Shinjo, Shinya Sato, Satoru Takahashi, Yuta Ishikawa, Ichiro Takeuchi, Hiroki Shimogawa, Motonari Uesugi, Hideyuki Okano, Seung U. Kim, Toshihiko Wakabayashi, Jean-Pierre J. Issa, Yoshitaka Sekido, Yutaka Kondo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Tumor cell plasticity contributes to functional and morphologic heterogeneity. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of this plasticity, we examined glioma stem-like cells (GSC) where we found that the biologic interconversion between GSCs and differentiated non-GSCs is functionally plastic and accompanied by gain or loss of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), a complex that modifies chromatin structure. PRC2 mediates lysine 27 trimethylation on histone H3 and in GSC it affected pluripotency or development-associated genes (e.g., Nanog, Wnt1, and BMP5) together with alterations in the subcellular localization of EZH2, a catalytic component of PRC2. Intriguingly, exogenous expression of EZH2-dNLS, which lacks nuclear localization sequence, impaired the repression of Nanog expression under differentiation conditions. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated attenuation or pharmacologic inhibition of EZH2 had little to no effect on apoptosis or bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in GSCs, but it disrupted morphologic interconversion and impaired GSC integration into the brain tissue, thereby improving survival of GSC-bearing mice. Pathologic analysis of human glioma specimens revealed that the number of tumor cells with nuclear EZH2 is larger around tumor vessels and the invasive front, suggesting that nuclear EZH2 may help reprogram tumor cells in close proximity to this microenvironment. Our results indicate that epigenetic regulation by PRC2 is a key mediator of tumor cell plasticity, which is required for the adaptation of glioblastoma cells to their microenvironment. Thus, PRC2-targeted therapy may reduce tumor cell plasticity and tumor heterogeneity, offering a new paradigm for glioma treatment.
Pexelizumab Does Not “Complement” Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: John W. Eikelboom, Martin O’Donnell
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE ENDOCRINES IN DERMATOLOGY*
Authors: D. M. DUNLOP
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1951)

Journal Article THE ENDOCRINES IN DERMATOLOGY Get access D. M. DUNLOP, B.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. D. M. DUNLOP, B.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. Professor of Therapeutics and Clinical Medicine in the University of Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 63, Issue 2, 1 February 1951, Pages 43–51, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1951.tb13687.x Published: 01 February 1951
Book Review The Future of Academic Medical Centers Edited by Henry J. Aaron. 110 pp. Washington, D.C., Brookings Institution Press, 2001. $38.95 (cloth); $15.95 (paper). 0-8157-0236-1 (cloth); 0-8157-0237-X (paper).
Authors: Vineet Arora, Ethan Gundeck, Holly J. Humphrey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)