tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of medically treated sport and active recreation injuries in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Australia
Authors: E P Cassell, C F Finch, V Z Stathakis
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Objective: To quantify and describe medically treated sport and active recreation injuries in a defined region of the Latrobe Valley from 7 November 1994 to 6 November 1995. Method: A geographic target area was defined, restricted to the six postcodes that fell wholly within the catchment area of the Latrobe Regional Hospital. Data describing medically treated sport and active recreation injuries to Latrobe Valley residents aged over 4 years (about 70 000) were selected by postcode from three sources: the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset (hospital admissions), the Victorian Injury Surveillance System (presentations to hospital emergency departments), and the Extended Latrobe Valley Injury Surveillance (ELVIS) project (presentations to general practitioners). Results: At least 2300 cases of medically treated sport and active recreation injury were recorded. This corresponds to a hospital admission rate of 16/10 000 population, emergency department presentation rate of 169/10 000 population, and a general practitioner presentation rate of 187/10 000 population. There were more male patients than female, and younger age groups were also overrepresented, but these data may reflect the greater participation of these groups in sport and active recreation. Australian football was associated with the highest number of injuries (accounting for 24.0% and 22.0% of presentations to emergency departments and general practitioners respectively) followed by cycling (15.7% and 12.6%) and basketball (17.5% and 13.5%). Conclusions: This study shows that routine health sector data collections in defined populations can provide useful information on the size, distribution, and characteristics of the problem of sport and active recreation injuries at the community level. However, all current health sector systems for injury data collection and surveillance require attention to improve case capture and identification and data quality.
London trust lost track of over 1000 patients referred for suspected cancer
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Poor record keeping at a London NHS hospital trust meant that more than 1000 patients referred for suspected cancer were not properly recorded as having been seen or, where appropriate, treated.

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust admitted in May that the records of some patients referred to it in the previous year were incomplete and has since been reviewing the cases involved. So far, it said in a statement, there was no evidence that any cancer diagnoses had been missed or that any patients had come to clinical harm. A review group has been set up to examine 74 cases where, according to the referring GP, the patient …
Biology and Clinical Aspects of the Hematopoietic Growth Factors
Authors: C A Sieff
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1990)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
Tests of Glycemia for the Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: R Graham Barr, David M. Nathan, James B. Meigs, Daniel E. Singer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

This paper discusses tests of glycemia for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, with particular reference to the 1997 diagnostic criteria of the American Diabetes Association. The potential benefits of the lower diagnostic threshold for fasting plasma glucose are not well defined. However, the change in the diagnostic cut-off for diabetes mellitus affects as many as 1.9 million persons in the United States; therefore, the medical and social costs of the lower threshold may be considerable. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is defined by a threshold imposed on the continuous distribution of glycemic levels, typically with respect to risk for microvascular complications. However, the burden of type 2 diabetes relates more to macrovascular than microvascular complications. Because no clear threshold exists for macrovascular complications, a formal balancing of direct and indirect costs with both microvascular and macrovascular complications may be appropriate to establish glycemic thresholds. Because fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and the oral glucose tolerance test all predict diabetic complications yet test reliability is better for fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c than for the oral glucose tolerance test, we suggest an alternative diagnostic approach: If random plasma glucose is elevated (≥ 11.1 mmol/L [200 mg/dL]) and the hemoglobin A1c level is more than 2 SDs above the laboratory mean, then diabetes mellitus should be diagnosed, and management should be based on the hemoglobin A1c level. If the result of only one of these tests is positive, then fasting plasma glucose should be tested to evaluate the patient for impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus. The glycemic threshold for type 2 diabetes should be established by cost-effectiveness analysis. The clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus could be streamlined by incorporation of hemoglobin A1c into established criteria.
Efficacy and Safety of Lacosamide in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Dan Ziegler, Tibor Hidvégi, Irina Gurieva, Sabine Bongardt, Rainer Freynhagen, David Sen, Kenneth Sommerville
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

To evaluate efficacy and safety of lacosamide compared with placebo in painful diabetic polyneuropathy.Diabetic patients with at least moderate neuropathic pain were randomized to placebo or lacosamide 400 (in a slow or standard titration) or 600 mg/day over 6-week titration and 12-week maintenance periods. Primary efficacy criterion was intra-individual change in average daily Numeric Pain Rating Scale score from baseline to the last 4 weeks.For the primary end point, pain reduction was numerically but not statistically greater with lacosamide compared with placebo (400 mg/day, P = 0.12; 600 mg/day, P = 0.18). Both doses were significantly more effective compared with placebo over the titration (P = 0.03, P = 0.006), maintenance (P = 0.01, P = 0.005), and entire treatment periods (P = 0.03, P = 0.02). Safety profiles between titration schemes were similar.Lacosamide reduced neuropathic pain and was well tolerated in diabetic patients, but the primary efficacy criterion was not met, possibly due to an increased placebo response over the last 4 weeks.
A linguistic module for integrating the senses, or a house of cards?
Authors: Rick Dale, Michael Spivey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Carruthers invokes a number of controversial assumptions to support his thesis. Most are questionable and unnecessary to investigate the wider relevance of language in cognition. A number of research programs (e.g., interactionist psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics) have for years pursued a similar thesis and provide a more empirically grounded framework for investigating language’ cognitive functions.
Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis for Improving Diagnostic and Therapeutic Development
Authors: Thibaut Quillard, Peter Libby
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Despite recent progress, cardiovascular and allied metabolic disorders remain a worldwide health challenge. We must identify new targets for therapy, develop new agents for clinical use, and deploy them in a clinically effective and cost-effective manner. Molecular imaging of atherosclerotic lesions has become a major experimental tool in the last decade, notably by providing a direct gateway to the processes involved in atherogenesis and its complications. This review summarizes the current status of molecular imaging approaches that target the key processes implicated in plaque formation, development, and disruption and highlights how the refinement and application of such tools might aid the development and evaluation of novel therapeutics.
A Method of Alignment Masking for Refining the Phylogenetic Signal of Multiple Sequence Alignments
Authors: V. Rajan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

Inaccurate inference of positional homologies in multiple sequence alignments and systematic errors introduced by alignment heuristics obfuscate phylogenetic inference. Alignment masking, the elimination of phylogenetically uninformative or misleading sites from an alignment before phylogenetic analysis, is a common practice in phylogenetic analysis. Although masking is often done manually, automated methods are necessary to handle the much larger data sets being prepared today. In this study, we introduce the concept of subsplits and demonstrate their use in extracting phylogenetic signal from alignments. We design a clustering approach for alignment masking where each cluster contains similar columns-similarity being defined on the basis of compatible subsplits; our approach then identifies noisy clusters and eliminates them. Trees inferred from the columns in the retained clusters are found to be topologically closer to the reference trees. We test our method on numerous standard benchmarks (both synthetic and biological data sets) and compare its performance with other methods of alignment masking. We find that our method can eliminate sites more accurately than other methods, particularly on divergent data, and can improve the topologies of the inferred trees in likelihood-based analyses. Software available upon request from the author.
Is soluble CD44 variant isoform 5 useful as a predicting factor and a parameter for long term observation in rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: M Skoumal
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

In addition to its widespread expression, CD44 is a homing receptor for human T cells and an adhesion molecule in cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction.1,2 CD44 is a receptor for hyaluronan and other extracellular matrix and cell surface proteins. CD44 has been characterised in detail on lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and keratinocytes. It is part of the regulation of immune mediated inflammation. The binding of CD44 leads to lymphocyte homing, lymphocyte binding to high endothelial venules, myelopoiesis, lymphocyte activation, natural killer target lysis, B cell lymphopoiesis, cell adhesion, inflammation, and tumour dissemination.3 Binding of CD44 monoclonal antibodies or hyaluronan induces intracellular signals that enhance T lymphocyte mitogenesis and releases cytokines (interleukin 1, tumour necrosis factor α) …
Diffuse oesophageal spasm.
Authors: D R Craddock, A Logan, P R Walbaum
Journal: Thorax (1966)

Incoordination of muscular contraction is some- times seen in the apparently healthy oesophagus, but it is a prominent feature of two conditions- achalasia and diffuse spasm.This review is concerned with the second of these.In the 12-year period 1954-66, 12 cases of diffuse spasm were recorded in our unit.Le Roux and Wright (1961) reported on 55 cases of aChalasia in the same unit during the 10-year period 1948-58.In our experience, achalasia, which is a rare disease, is approximately five times more common than diffuse oesophageal spasm.This is the incidence of the two conditions as seen in a thoracic surgical unit, but the radio- logical pattern of 'corkscrew oesophagus' is seen frequently in the course of barium examination in patients without dysphagia (Sheinmel, Priviteri, and Poppel, 1949).The patients referred to in this report all presented with dysphagia and demon- strated the radiological pattern and intraluminal oesophageal pressure tracings of diffuse spasm. CLINICAL MATERIALTwelve patients have been reviewed.They were investigated and managed with a uniform policy.All had a barium swallow examination and oesophagoscopy.All except one had oesophageal pressure tracings recorded.Unfortunately, two of the earlier patients subjected to operation did not have oesophageal pressure measurements pre- operatively.CLINICAL FEATURES AGE AND SEX Ages ranged from 44 to 69 years at the time of initial presentation.There were six women and six men.
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in acute leukemia: A study of 100 cases comparing an immunoperoxidase (PAP) vs immunofluorescent method
Authors: John R. Krause, Judith P. Brody, Sandra S. Kaplan, Lila Penchansky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract A comparison between the immunofluorescent (IF) method for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity and the immunoperoxidase (IP) method by peroxidase‐anti‐peroxidase (PAP) technique was done for 100 cases of acute leukemia. For the acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) there was agreement in 93% of the cases. However, the IP method detected 51/55 (93%) TdT + cases versus 47/55 (85%) by the IF method. For the acute nonlymphocytic leukemias (ANLL), there was an agreement in 89% of the cases. The IP method detected 8/36 (22%) TdT‐positive cases while IF detected 4/36 (11%) positive cases. If a figure of 10% TdT + cells is considered significant in the marrow of the ANLLs, then the IP method would detect eight additional cases for a total of 16/36 (44%) TdT + cases. This latter figure questions the ability of the IP TdT assay as a single test adequately to determine the lineage of a cell line. It may be rather that TdT is a marker that is expressed in a stem cell.
Antibody-Targeted Immunotherapy for Treatment of Malignancy
Authors: Christine A. White, Robin L. Weaver, Antonio J. Grillo-López
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2001)

▪ Abstract Despite testing since the mid-1900s, only in the past three years have some monoclonal antibodies provided sufficient efficacy and safety data to support regulatory approval as cancer therapy. Adjuvant-edrecolomab monoclonal antibody was approved in Germany after demonstration of a statistically significant 32% improvement over observation alone in the seven-year mortality rate for patients with colorectal cancer. Similarly, trastuzumab monoclonal antibody combined with chemotherapy prolonged the median time to the progression of breast cancer compared to chemotherapy alone. Unconjugated monoclonal antibodies investigated for the treatment of hematologic malignancies include anti-idiotype, CAMPATH-1, and rituximab. Rituximab was the first such therapy approved in the United States for relapsed or refractory low-grade or follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after demonstration of an overall response rate of 48% and a duration of response of 11.7 months. The radioisotope-conjugated monoclonal antibodies tested as therapy include anti-B1, LYM-1, LL2, anti-CD33, and ibritumomab tiuxetan. Clearly, the full potential of immunotherapy still lies ahead.
Management of Massive and Submassive Pulmonary Embolism, Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis, and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Michael R. Jaff, M. Sean McMurtry, Stephen L. Archer, Mary Cushman, Neil Goldenberg, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, J. Stephen Jenkins, Jeffrey A. Kline, Andrew D. Michaels, Patricia Thistlethwaite, Suresh Vedantham, R. James White, Brenda K. Zierler
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is responsible for the hospitalization of >250 000 Americans annually and represents a significant risk for morbidity and mortality. Despite the publication of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines to aid in the management of VTE in its acute and chronic forms, the clinician is frequently confronted with manifestations of VTE for which data are sparse and optimal management is unclear. In particular, the optimal use of advanced therapies for acute VTE, including thrombolysis and catheter-based therapies, remains uncertain. This report addresses the management of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism (PE), iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (IFDVT),and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The goal is to provide practical advice to enable the busy clinician to optimize the management of patients with these severe manifestations of VTE. Although this document makes recommendations for management, optimal medical decisions must incorporate other factors, including patient wishes, quality of life, and life expectancy based on age and comorbidities. The appropriateness of these recommendations for a specific patient may vary depending on these factors and will be best judged by the bedside clinician.
Localized Giant Pseudopolyps of the Colon
Authors: H. Richard Hinrichs
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A patient had recurrent giant pseudopolyps in association with localized ulcerative colitis. Three similar cases are recorded in the literature. The characteristic features include the roentgenographic appearance of a polypoid or villose pattern rather than the ulcerated form, the gross pathologic demonstration of interconnecting mucosal bridges, and the nonneoplastic nature of the overlying colonic epithelium.
Reactivation of the p53 pathway as a treatment modality for KSHV-induced lymphomas
Authors: Grzegorz Sarek, Sari Kurki, Juulia Enbäck, Guergana Iotzova, Juergen Haas, Pirjo Laakkonen, Marikki Laiho, Päivi M. Ojala
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent for primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a non–Hodgkin type lymphoma manifesting as an effusion malignancy in the affected individual. Although KSHV has been recognized as a tumor virus for over a decade, the pathways for its tumorigenic conversion are incompletely understood, which has greatly hampered the development of efficient therapies for KSHV-induced malignancies like PEL and Kaposi’s sarcoma. There are no current therapies effective against the aggressive, KSHV-induced PEL. Here we demonstrate that activation of the p53 pathway using murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitor Nutlin-3a conveyed specific and highly potent activation of PEL cell killing. Our results demonstrated that the KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) bound to both p53 and MDM2 and that the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3a disrupted the p53-MDM2-LANA complex and selectively induced massive apoptosis in PEL cells. Together with our results indicating that KSHV-infection activated DNA damage signaling, these findings contribute to the specificity of the cytotoxic effects of Nutlin-3a in KSHV-infected cells. Moreover, we showed that Nutlin-3a had striking antitumor activity in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. Our results therefore present new options for exploiting reactivation of p53 as what we believe to be a novel and highly selective treatment modality for this virally induced lymphoma.
Modulation of Plasminogen Activator Systems by Matrix Components in Two Breast Cancer Cell Lines: MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231
Authors: N. Pourreau-Schneider, P. Delori, B. Boutiere, D. Arnoux, F. George, J. Sampol, P. M. Martin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Modulation of Plasminogen Activator Systems by Matrix Components in Two Breast Cancer Cell Lines: MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Get access Natalie Pourreau-Schneider, Natalie Pourreau-Schneider * CNRS URA 201, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13326 Marseille Cédex 15, France *Correspondence to: Dr. Natalie Pourreau, CNRS URA 201, Faculté de Médécine Nord, Bd. Pierre Dramard, 13326 Marseille Cédex 15, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pierre Delori, Pierre Delori CNRS URA 201, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13326 Marseille Cédex 15, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brigitte Boutière, Brigitte Boutière Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital de la Conception, 144 rue St. Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dominique Arnoux, Dominique Arnoux Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital de la Conception, 144 rue St. Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar François George, François George Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital de la Conception, 144 rue St. Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar José Sampol, José Sampol Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital de la Conception, 144 rue St. Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pierre Marie Martin Pierre Marie Martin CNRS URA 201, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13326 Marseille Cédex 15, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 4, 15 February 1989, Pages 259–266, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.4.259 Published: 15 February 1989 Article history Received: 28 April 1988 Revision received: 28 September 1988 Accepted: 18 November 1988 Published: 15 February 1989
BMK1/ERK5 Is a Novel Regulator of Angiogenesis by Destabilizing Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α
Authors: Xinchun Pi, Gwenaele Garin, Liang Xie, Qinlei Zheng, Heng Wei, Jun-ichi Abe, Chen Yan, Bradford C. Berk
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Big MAP kinase 1 (BMK1 or ERK5) is a key mediator of endothelial cell (EC) function as shown by impaired embryonic angiogenesis and vascular collapse in BMK1 knockout mice. Hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF1alpha), a potent mediator of angiogenesis, is positively regulated by the MAP kinases, ERK1/2. Because BMK1 deficiency is associated with impaired angiogenesis we hypothesized that BMK1 might regulate HIF1alpha. To test this hypothesis, bovine lung microvascular ECs (BLMECs) were transfected with HIF1alpha and BMK1 cDNAs, and stimulated by hypoxia. HIF1alpha activity was measured by a reporter gene assay in which luciferase expression was driven by HIF1alpha activation. Hypoxia (1% O2, 24 hours) stimulated HIF1alpha activity by 5.1+/-0.6 fold. In the presence of dominant negative (DN)-BMK1, which inhibited BMK1 activity, hypoxia induced HIF1alpha activity was enhanced significantly to 6.4+/-0.4 fold. BMK1 activation by constitutively active (CA)-MEK5 inhibited HIF1alpha activity by 46+/-4%, suggesting BMK1 functions as a negative regulator of HIF1alpha activation. Activation of BMK1 reduced HIF1alpha protein levels. Ubiquitination inhibitors (30 micromol/L ALLN, 2 micromol/L lactacystin, or 100 nmol/L MG132) reduced the BMK1-mediated effect on HIF1alpha expression by >80%, suggesting that BMK1 stimulated HIF1alpha proteolysis. The negative effect of BMK1 on HIF1alpha was functionally important because transfection with CA-MEK5 significantly decreased EC migration by 68+/-10%, and inhibited angiogenesis (in vitro Matrigel assay) by 76+/-7%. In summary, BMK1 is a novel negative regulator of HIF1alpha and angiogenesis by increasing HIF1alpha ubiquitination and inhibiting HIF1alpha activity in endothelial cells.