tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peginterferon alpha-2b is safe and effective in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with advanced fibrosis
Authors: Erik H. C. J. Buster, Bettina E. Hansen, Maria Buti, Jean Delwaide, Claus Niederau, Peter P. Michielsen, Robert Flisiak, Pieter E. Zondervan, Solko W. Schalm, Harry L. A. Janssen
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with advanced fibrosis are often not considered for treatment with peginterferon (PEG-IFN) because IFN therapy may precipitate immunological flares, potentially inducing hepatic decompensation. We investigated the efficacy and safety of treating hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)–positive CHB patients with 52 weeks of PEG-IFN-α-2b (100μg weekly) alone or in combination with lamivudine (100 mg daily). Seventy patients with advanced fibrosis (Ishak fibrosis score 4–6) and 169 patients without advanced fibrosis, all with compensated liver disease, participated in the study. Virologic response, defined as HBeAg seroconversion and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA < 10,000 copies/ml at week 78, occurred significantly more often in patients with advanced fibrosis than in those without (25% versus 12%, respectively; P = 0.02). Also patients with cirrhosis (n = 24) exhibited a virologic response more frequently than did patients without cirrhosis (30% versus 14%, respectively; P = 0.02). Improvement in liver fibrosis occurred more frequently in patients with advanced fibrosis (66% versus 26%, P < 0.001). HBV genotype A was more prevalent among patients with advanced fibrosis than among those without (57% versus 24%, P < 0.001). Most adverse events, including serious adverse events, were observed equally as frequently in patients with advanced fibrosis and those without. Fatigue, anorexia, and thrombocytopenia occurred more often in patients with advanced fibrosis than in those without (P < 0.01). Necessary dose reduction or discontinuation of therapy was comparable for both patient groups (P = 0.92 and P = 0.47, respectively). Conclusion: PEG-IFN is effective and safe for HBeAg-positive patients with advanced fibrosis. Because PEG-IFN therapy results in a high rate of sustained off-therapy response, patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis but compensated liver disease should not be excluded from PEG-IFN treatment. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Targeting Tumor Cell Metabolism: Restriction of Glucose Consumption Sensitizes Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Leukemia Cells to the Effects of Imatinib Mesylate
Authors: S.P. Ramos, M. Bin, M.D.S. Neto, R. Curvello, A. C. Santos de Souza
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
PAIN AND TENDERNESS DURING THE ACUTE STAGE OF POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: FRANK R. OBER
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The management of the acute stage of poliomyelitis should be a combined effort of the family physician and the orthopedic surgeon. Nursing care of poliomyelitis in this stage should be carried on by a nurse specially trained in the physical therapy aspects of the disease. Sister Kenny has demonstrated the importance of this. There is no question in my mind that, in waiting until the quarantine period is over before instituting early physical therapy measures, recovery is delayed because the pain and spasm when unrelieved become more and more prominent in direct proportion to neglect in instituting such measures. The lack of knowledge among physicians of what physical therapy means is not their fault. It is because medical students are not taught the value of this important asset in the treatment of diseases which involve joints and the neuromuscular mechanism. The information handed out to these students, when joint disease
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EYES AND THE BRAIN.
Authors: JAMES A. LYDSTON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The frequency of eye disease originating from brain lesion is all sufficient to render an attempt to trace a closer relationship between the eyes and the brain justifiable and merits, by reason of its utility in ocular and brain diagnoses, very careful consideration. If we are dealing with structural ocular changes we are often able to define the etiologic factor at once, but at times we are confronted by functional disturbances which are but vaguely explicable; under such circumstances if we could only view the eyes as a component factor of the cerebral and cerebellar mechanism, obscurity in diagnosis would vanish. I have always regarded the eyes as nothing more nor less than prolonged bulbous expansions of the optic nerves with altered anatomic characters to meet the requisites of their physiologic necessity, viz., to formulate and receive impressions of the external world and, carrying the analogy a step further, we
A4-03: A surgical predictive risk model of in-hospital mortality for primary resectable lung cancer: statistical analysis of 10,205 patients from a nationally representative database
Authors: Pierre-Emmanuel Falcoz, Laurent Brouchet, Massimo Conti, Sidney Chocron, Marc Puyraveau, Mariette Mercier, Joseph Philippe Etievent, Marcel Dahan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Advanced trauma life support courses.
Authors: A. J. Mowat
Journal: BMJ (1992)

examination.Infants cannot describe their complaints and often resent abdominal palpation.Stringer and colleagues confirm that among children with intussusception only a minority have the traditional triad of symptoms.It is natural for trainees in general practice to try to reach an accurate diagnosis, but in these difficult circumstances it is probably wiser to observe the rule that a patient who has evidence of continuing acute abdominal disease for more than six hours must be considered to have a surgical condition.If this is uppermost in the practitioner's mind he or she is less likely to delay in seeking a surgical opinion.To improve the management of intussusception in hospital Stringer and colleagues advise "expeditious treatment in a centre with combined paediatric radiological, anaesthetic, and surgical expertise."The first line of treatment in most cases, after correction of dehydration, is now generally agreed to be hydrostatic reduction under an image intensifier, with the surgeon ready to proceed if necessary.In most series about a fifth of patients who are operated on require a resection.This is a regimen that requires radiologists, anaesthetists, and surgeons with paediatric ex- pertise.Some district hospitals can call on these skills, but the few infants admitted with an acute abdomen mean that other hospitals cannot easily acquire them.Attention has been drawn to these problems,6 and the British Association ofPaediatric Surgeons has considered them, but Stringer and colleagues' report shows that some infants still receive less than expert care.As more consultants are appointed and it be- comes usual for each general surgeon to have a special interest we can reasonably expect that each district general hospital will have at least one surgeon with paediatric skill.Until then there is no dishonour in recognising that some sick infants require speedy transfer to the regional paediatric surgical unit.
The effect of treatment with oral corticosteroids on asthma symptoms and airway inflammation.
Authors: R Djukanović, S Homeyard, C Gratziou, J Madden, A Walls, S Montefort, D Peroni, R Polosa, S Holgate, P Howarth
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

To improve understanding of the mechanisms of action of oral corticosteroids in asthma, we have conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with prednisolone (20 mg for 2 wk followed by 10 mg for 4 wk) or placebo in 14 and 13 atopic corticosteroid-naive asthmatic subjects, respectively. Before and after treatment subjects underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial biopsy. Treatment with prednisolone, but not placebo, significantly reduced asthma symptoms (from mean +/- SEM total weekly score of 34 +/- 6.2 to 15.7 +/- 3.2, p = 0.02) and albuterol usage (from mean +/- SEM number of puffs/wk of 29.7 +/- 6.2 to 18.2 +/- 3.7, p = 0.01) and significantly increased FEV1 (from 89.8 +/- 4.4% to 99.3 +/- 4.1% of predicted, p = 0.03). There were no significant changes in inflammatory or epithelial cell counts, levels of T-cell activation or albumin concentration in BAL. However, immunohistochemistry of bronchial biopsies showed that in the submucosa prednisolone significantly decreased numbers of mast cells by 62% (from median 45 to 17/mm2, p = 0.01), eosinophils by 81% (from median 30.1 to 5.7/mm2, p = 0.004), and CD4+ T-cells by 68% (from median 64.6 to 18.5/mm2, p = 0.02). In the epithelium only the reduction in the numbers of eosinophils was significant (from median 1.1 to 0/mm of epithelium, p = 0.02). There were no significant changes in any cell counts in the subjects receiving placebo, and comparison of the changes between the treatment groups identified a significant prednisolone-related reduction in submucosal eosinophil and mast cell counts (p = 0.003 and 0.03, respectively). The temporal association between the clinical and physiologic improvement, and the correlation between the magnitude of change in CD4+ T-cell counts in the submucosa and increase in PC20 methacholine (rs = 0.60, p = 0.049) suggests that the reduction in airways inflammatory cell numbers underlies the clinical efficacy of oral corticosteroids.
Global H3K4me3 genome mapping reveals alterations of innate immunity signaling and overexpression of JMJD3 in human myelodysplastic syndrome CD34+ cells
Authors: Y Wei, R Chen, S Dimicoli, C Bueso-Ramos, D Neuberg, S Pierce, H Wang, H Yang, Y Jia, H Zheng, Z Fang, M Nguyen, I Ganan-Gomez, B Ebert, R Levine, H Kantarjian, G Garcia-Manero
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Thomas Hodgkin's Tomb In Jaffa
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the April issue of the<i>Archives of Internal Medicine</i>, I have published an account of a visit to Thomas Hodgkin's tomb at Jaffa in Israel. It seems appropriate on the 100th anniversary of his burial there to call this to the attention of others who might be interested. Your editor, knowing that I would be in Israel last summer, reminded me that Hodgkin was buried in Jaffa and told me that his efforts to visit the tomb were not successful because of conflicting plane schedules. Last summer, when I was in Israel, through the good offices of Dr. Joshua Leibowitz, professor of medical history at the Hebrew University, and through the courtesy of the university, which provided car, driver, and photographer, a small group of us did indeed make a pilgrimage to Hodgkin's tomb. Previously I had not been aware that he and Sir Moses Montefiore
Reflection after delayed excitation in a computer model of a single fiber.
Authors: C Cabo, R C Barr
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Reflection (reflected reentry) is a case of reentry in a one-dimensional structure, divided into proximal and distal segments, in which tissue excited by a wave front propagating in a forward direction is reexcited by electrical activity coming backward from the original direction of propagation. Cases of reflection have been demonstrated in Purkinje fibers and in ventricular muscle preparations containing multiple fibers. Several mechanisms possibly responsible for reflected reentry have been proposed. However, the difficulty in the interpretation of the experimental results, as well as the limited number of different conditions in which reflection was obtained, has kept open the question about conditions and mechanisms for reflection. We have developed a computer model in which reflection occurs. The model involves a single fiber and uses the DiFrancesco-Noble equations for the Purkinje fiber to model the ionic currents. The results show that reflection is possible in a single fiber and that diastolic depolarization (automaticity) is not a requirement for reflection. Active membrane responses to a just-above-threshold stimulus were important for achieving the necessary time delay. Systematic simulations showed further that reflection occurred only when the right coupling conditions linked a short or long proximal fiber to a short distal segment.
Androgen and Germ Cell Testicular Cancers
Authors: Nicholas J. Vogelzang
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  There has been a recent increase in androgen use by athletes and body builders. The long-term effects of androgen abuse in this young male population are unclear.  Report of a Case.—  A 36-year-old man with a stage I seminoma had illicitly taken methyltestosterone (Android) from 1976 to 1984. He began using 10 mg per day and during the subsequent eight-year period increased his dose of androgen to 200 mg twice daily for the final two years. Initially the patient expressed fantastic sexual energy but after four years of androgen therapy, he began to experience erectile difficulty. In 1982, at our Sexual Dysfunction Clinic he was found to have normal nocturnal penile tumescence and a normal serum testosterone level. He did not have a history of cryptorchidism and the history of androgen abuse was not illicited. In July 1984, he noted painless enlargement and swelling of the right
THE CASE OF WILLETTA HUGGINS
Authors: J. S. Nagel
Journal: JAMA (1922)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have no quarrel with Professor Jastrow, as I am neither a psychologist nor an oculist; but I presided at the meeting of the Chicago Medical Society when the case of Willetta Huggins was presented, and I believe that, in justice to the intelligence of the audience, those who read his article inThe Journalof June 17 should know how the sight test was applied before the Chicago Medical Society. A pair of ordinary dust goggles was used, and over each glass was placed a piece of dark paper, and then a heavy pad of cotton. I placed these over my own eyes first, and then over the eyes of Miss Huggins. If this young lady read with a slit of vision as Professor Jastrow states when she performed the tests before our members, it is even more marvelous than his theory of the "will to
Human<i>Trypanosoma evansi</i>Infection Linked to a Lack of Apolipoprotein L-I
Authors: Benoit Vanhollebeke, Philippe Truc, Philippe Poelvoorde, Annette Pays, Prashant P. Joshi, Ravindra Katti, Jean G. Jannin, Etienne Pays
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Humans have innate immunity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei that is known to involve apolipoprotein L-I (APOL1). Recently, a case of T. evansi infection in a human was identified in India. We investigated whether the APOL1 pathway was involved in this occurrence. The serum of the infected patient was found to have no trypanolytic activity, and the finding was linked to the lack of APOL1, which was due to frameshift mutations in both APOL1 alleles. Trypanolytic activity was restored by the addition of recombinant APOL1. The lack of APOL1 explained the patient's infection with T. evansi.
Management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in general practice
Authors: J. Dent
Journal: BMJ (2001)

How reliable is diagnosis based on symptoms and what can be done to aid it?Although gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is still commonly misdiagnosed as dyspepsia, the two problems are distinct and require different management.The Rome II working group defined dyspepsia as pain or discomfort centred in the upper abdomen. 12This definition excludes heartburn, the primary symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.Careful analysis of the patient's symptoms and history is pivotal in the diagnosis and subsequent management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.Recognition of alarm symptoms (see box on endoscopy) is important in determining the need for referral. Summary points Careful analysis of symptoms and history is key to diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux diseaseDiagnosis based on symptoms can be aided by a trial of treatment Clear endoscopic abnormalities are found in less than half of patients Treatment should start with the most effective therapy-a proton pump inhibitor Most patients will require long term management, for which the guiding principle is to reduce to the least costly treatment that is effective in controlling symptoms Antireflux surgery may be as effective as long term proton pump inhibitors but is less predictable
Abstract 4753: The interaction of two metastasis suppressor genes, Nm23-H1 and Gelsolin, results in synergistic phenotypes
Authors: Natascia Marino, Jean-Claude A. Marshall, Joshua Collins, Ming Zhou, Timothy Veenstra, Patricia S. Steeg
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Metastasis Suppressor Genes (MSGs) are able to inhibit metastasis without reducing primary tumor size. Nm23 was the first MSGs to be identified. The biochemical basis for the anti-metastatic effect of Nm23 has been subject of many studies but remains unresolved. We performed co-immunoprecipitation assays using flag-tagged constructs of both the human and murine forms of Nm23 (Nm23-H1 and Nm23-M1, respectively) over-expressed in the mouse mammary carcinoma cell line 4T1. Co-immunoprecipitation assays were also performed on tissue extracts of primary tumors and metastases obtained from Balb/C mice injected with these cell lines. Using Mass-Spectrometry, new binding partners were identified including the actin-binding protein Gelsolin. Gelsolin is an actin regulatory protein that modulates actin assembly and disassembly, and is believed to regulate cell motility in vivo through modulation of the actin network. Recently, Gelsolin has been added to the list of MSGs. An interaction between Gelsolin and Nm23 was validated in a murine cell line (4T1- Nm23-H1/M1 clones) and in a human breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7). In the low- metastatic cells MCF-7 an interaction between endogenous Nm23-H1 and Gelsolin was observed. However, in the highly metastatic MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines the interaction was observed only after the over-expression of Nm23-H1. These results suggest that an Nm23-Gelsolin interaction may only take place when relatively high levels of Nm23 are expressed. We conclude that the interaction between Nm23-H1 and Gelsolin occurs in the non-metastatic state, where high levels of both proteins are present, and this interaction can contribute to the anti-metastatic property associated to Nm23. Using cultures of MDA-MB-231 stably overexpressing Gelsolin, Nm23-H1 or both proteins, the biological role of this interaction was analyzed. The two metastasis suppressors, Nm23-H1 and Gelsolin, when overexpressed in the single stable clone did not affect the cell growth; however they cooperated in decreasing the cell growth. This is the first time overexpression of Nm23-H1 has decreased cell proliferatioin and suggests that combinations of MSGs may have distinct phenotypic effects. Moreover, overexpression of both Nm23-H1 and Gelsolin in MDA-MB-231 cells reduced cell migration and cell invasion compared to the clone overexpressing the empty vector or single suppressor genes. In summary, Nm23-H1 has been demonstrated to bind another Metastasis Suppressor, Gelsolin. Additive and synergistic effects of multiple Metastasis Suppressors were identified. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4753. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4753
Insights into the mechanism of FTY720 and compatibility with regulatory T cells for the inhibition of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
Authors: Patricia A. Taylor, Michael J. Ehrhardt, Christopher J. Lees, Jakub Tolar, Brenda J. Weigel, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Jonathan S. Serody, Volker Brinkmann, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Blood (2007)
Effects of local all-trans-retinoic acid delivery on experimental atherosclerosis in the rabbit carotid artery
Authors: C Herdeg
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Background: Retinoids regulate a variety of biological processes and play an important role in cell differentiation and proliferation. All-trans retinoid acid (atRA) is known to inhibit smooth muscle cell growth and thus is supposed to have favorable effects on the incidence of restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions. The broad biological spectrum, however, leads to numerous severe side effects which limit the clinical use of a systemic application of atRA. In order to avoid systemic side effects, local delivery of atRA is preferable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of atRA on the response to injury in a second-injury model of experimental balloon angioplasty. Methods: After induction of a fibromuscular plaque in the right carotid artery of 40 New Zealand rabbits, 35 animals underwent balloon angioplasty of the preformed plaque formation. Subsequent local atRA delivery (10 ml, 10 μM) with the double-balloon catheter was performed in 15 animals. Five animals received vehicle only as sham controls, and five animals were solely electrostimulated, 15 animals served as control group with balloon angioplasty only. Vessels were excised 7 days (n=15) and 28 days (n=30) after intervention. Immunocytochemistry with antibodies against smooth muscle α-actin and myosin, bromodeoxyuridine, macrophages, collagen I and III and von Willebrand factor was performed. Quantitative analysis was done by computerized morphometry. Results: After local atRA delivery in vivo, the extent of stenosis was markedly reduced with 21.7±8.3% (mean±S.D.) 4 weeks after intervention compared to 31.8±13.4% in balloon-dilated animals (P=0.0937). Both a reduced early neointimal proliferation (P=0.0002) and an increase in overall vessel diameter (4 weeks after intervention, P=0.0264) contributed to a limitation of restenosis in atRA-treated animals. Immunocytochemistry revealed a more intense α-actin staining pattern after local atRA therapy indicating redifferentiating effects of atRA on vascular smooth muscle cells. Conclusions: Local delivery of atRA led to limitation of restenosis formation in this animal model. The concept of a local atRA therapy might be a promising way to exploit the potential of atRA for vascular indications while minimizing the severe side effects of systemic retinoid therapy.
Towards molecular cardiology
Authors: D. WEATHERALL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Towards molecular cardiology Get access DAVID WEATHERALL DAVID WEATHERALL Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 8, August 1993, Page 1413, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.8.1413 Published: 01 August 1993
Most but not all laboratories can detect the recently emerged Neisseria gonorrhoeae porA mutants – results from the QCMD 2013 N. gonorrhoeae external quality assessment programme
Authors: D Luijt, C Di Lorenzo, A M van Loon, M Unemo
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

We describe the results of the Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics 2013 Neisseria gonorrhoeae external quality assessment programme that included an N. gonorrhoeae strain harbouring an N. meningitidis porA gene which causes false-negative results in molecular diagnostic assays targeting the gonococcal porA pseudogene. Enhanced awareness of the international transmission of such gonococcal strains is needed to avoid false-negative results in both in-house and commercial molecular diagnostic assays used in laboratories worldwide, but particularly in Europe.
Synergistic signals in the environment.
Authors: S F Arnold, J A McLachlan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Numerous endogenous signals (such as hormones and growth factors) or environmental signals (including chemicals or temperature) contribute to determining the overall biological response produced by cells. Some combinations of endogenous or environmental signals produce synergistic activity. This commentary examines the different types of interactions between signals that contribute to synergy at the biological level.