tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How much physical therapy for patients with stroke?
Authors: J C Brocklehurst, K Andrews, B Richards, P J Laycock
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The use of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy for patients with stroke was investigated, and the three treatments were compared. Out of 135 patients with stroke surviving at two weeks, 107 received physiotherapy, but only 35 received occupational therapy and 19 speech therapy. Those who received most physiotherapy were the most severely disabled and had the worst prognosis, and, although almost no recovery occurred after six months, 30 patients continued with treatment beyond this time. Stiff and painful shoulders were present in 21 of the patients by two weeks and had developed in a further 37 by one year. Physiotherapy did not prevent this. The objectives of physiotherapy for patients with stroke need careful definition, with emphasis on treatment in the early months. Alternative treatment, possibly carried out by volunteers or more simply trained personnel, merits further consideration.
Sickle Cell Trial Halted
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of real-time feedback during cardiopulmonary resuscitation outside hospital: prospective, cluster-randomised trial
Authors: D. Hostler, S. Everson-Stewart, T. D. Rea, I. G. Stiell, C. W. Callaway, P. J. Kudenchuk, G. K. Sears, S. S. Emerson, G. Nichol
Journal: BMJ (2011)

To investigate whether real-time audio and visual feedback during cardiopulmonary resuscitation outside hospital increases the proportion of subjects who achieved prehospital return of spontaneous circulation.A cluster-randomised trial.1586 people having cardiac arrest outside hospital in whom resuscitation was attempted by emergency medical services (771 procedures without feedback, 815 with feedback).Emergency medical services from three sites within the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium in the United States and Canada.Real-time audio and visual feedback on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) provided by the monitor-defibrillator.Prehospital return of spontaneous circulation after CPR.Baseline patient and emergency medical service characteristics did not differ between groups. Emergency medical services muted the audible feedback in 14% of cases during the period with feedback. Compared with CPR clusters lacking feedback, clusters assigned to feedback were associated with increased proportion of time in which chest compressions were provided (64% v 66%, cluster-adjusted difference 1.9 (95% CI 0.4 to 3.4)), increased compression depth (38 v 40 mm, adjusted difference 1.6 (0.5 to 2.7)), and decreased proportion of compressions with incomplete release (15% v 10%, adjusted difference -3.4 (-5.2 to -1.5)). However, frequency of prehospital return of spontaneous circulation did not differ according to feedback status (45% v 44%, adjusted difference 0.1% (-4.4% to 4.6%)), nor did the presence of a pulse at hospital arrival (32% v 32%, adjusted difference -0.8 (-4.9 to 3.4)), survival to discharge (12% v 11%, adjusted difference -1.5 (-3.9 to 0.9)), or awake at hospital discharge (10% v 10%, adjusted difference -0.2 (-2.5 to 2.1)).Real-time visual and audible feedback during CPR altered performance to more closely conform with guidelines. However, these changes in CPR performance were not associated with improvements in return of spontaneous circulation or other clinical outcomes. Trial Registration Clinical Trials NCT00539539.
Massive Light-Driven Translocation of Transducin between the Two Major Compartments of Rod Cells
Authors: Maxim Sokolov, Arkady L. Lyubarsky, Katherine J. Strissel, Andrey B. Savchenko, Viktor I. Govardovskii, Edward N. Pugh, Vadim Y. Arshavsky
Journal: Neuron (2002)
Characterization of Junctional Rhythm After Atrioventricular Node Ablation
Authors: Jeffrey F. Alison, John A. Yeung-Lai-Wah, Michael Schulzer, Charles R. Kerr
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular (AV) node with radiofrequency current (RFC) is associated with the short-term onset of a junctional escape rhythm (JER) in nearly all patients. However, the origin of the JER and short-term thermal effects of RFC on this junctional pacemaker activity are ill defined.Short-term and noninvasive long-term follow-up studies were performed to examine the electrophysiological characteristics of the underlying JER in 45 patients who had undergone AV nodal ablation with RFC. Baseline characteristics and responses to overdrive ventricular pacing and intravenous atropine followed by an incremental isoproterenol infusion were determined. Short- and long-term responses were compared. HV intervals before and after ablation were 49 +/- 9 and 48 +/- 9 milliseconds, respectively (P = NS). Follow-up was 11 +/- 8.3 months. JER cycle length was 1526 +/- 298 milliseconds in the short-term setting and was present in 44 patients (98%) in the long-term setting, measuring 1426 +/- 223 milliseconds (P < .005). Junctional recovery times increased exponentially as overdrive pacing rates increased-there was no difference between short-term and long-term responses. Drug responses within each study were all significant when compared with baseline. However, there was no significant difference between short- and long-term responses, except at the highest dose of isoproterenol. Intravenous atropine (1 mg) caused an 8.6 +/- 9.3% decrease in JER cycle length in the short-term setting compared with a 7.6 +/- 7.3% decrease in the long-term setting. The decreases in JER cycle length with isoproterenol infusion (short-term versus long-term) were 10.1 +/- 9.6% versus 9.6 +/- 7.4% with 1 microgram/min, 15.8 +/- 11.7% versus 17.4 +/- 8.5% with 2 micrograms/min, 17.9 +/- 11.2% versus 21.4 +/- 9.1% with 3 micrograms/min (all P = NS), and 20.6 +/- 12.1% versus 24.8 +/- 9.1% with 4 micrograms/min (P < .01).Radiofrequency ablation of the AV node is associated with development of a JER that is stable in the long-term setting. The lack of change in HV interval after ablation locates the junctional pacemaker proximal to the central fibrous body. The pattern of drug responses suggests an origin within the proximal His bundle at its junction with the AV node rather than the AV node itself. The overall similarity between short- and long-term characteristics of junctional pacemaker activity mitigates against any reversible thermal effects of RFC on this pacemaker focus.
Fixed drug eruptions: 77 cases from 1981 to 1985
Authors: Sakari Stubb, Kristiina Alanko, Sakari Reitamo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Fixed drug eruptions: 77 cases from 1981 to 1985 Get access Sakari Stubb, Sakari Stubb Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Snellmaninkatu 14, SF‐00170 Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kristiina Alanko, Kristiina Alanko Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Snellmaninkatu 14, SF‐00170 Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sakari Reitamo Sakari Reitamo Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Snellmaninkatu 14, SF‐00170 Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 120, Issue 4, 1 April 1989, Page 583, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01337.x Published: 01 April 1989
S75 Risk Factors And Therapeutic Implications Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Malawian Adults With Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: D. Sloan, C. Guwende, G. Banda, D. Shani, M. Kamdolozi, B. Chisale, J. Dutton, R. Heyderman, A. Butterworth, E. Corbett, H. Mwandumba, S. Khoo, T. Allain, G. Davies
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Pre-treatment Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is well described amongst adult TB patients in Malawi and has been associated with impaired mycobacterial immunity. Anti-TB drugs and antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV may induce hepatic Vitamin D metabolism, further reducing the serum concentration of active metabolites including 25-OH D3. This study identified risk factors for baseline VDD, assessed the effect of therapy on 25-OH D3 concentrations, and evaluated whether VDD deficiency has prognostic implications for treatment response. <h3>Methods</h3> Adults with pulmonary TB were treated with standard 6 month therapy. Serum 25-OH D3 concentrations were measured at baseline, 8 weeks and end of treatment. Serial sputum samples were used to model the rate of bacterial elimination for each patient. Patients were followed until 1 year post-treatment and final outcomes were defined as favourable (stable cure) or unfavourable (failure/relapse). Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for VDD and assess relationships between VDD and treatment response. <h3>Results</h3> 133 patients were studied. 75 (56%) were HIV-infected and 24 (18%) were on ART. 118 (89%) had favourable and 15 (11%) had unfavourable outcomes. The median baseline 25-OH D3 concentration was 57.3 nmol/l. 47 (28%) patients had concentrations &lt;50 nmol/l, representing VDD. On multivariate analysis, neither HIV status nor ART influenced baseline 25-OH D3 levels, but lower concentrations were reported in patients who were recruited during the cold months of July/August (p = 0.001), suffered food insecurity (p = 0.035) or had a lower baseline Body Mass Index (p = 0.047). Without specific supplementation, 25-OH D3 levels improved during TB therapy (see figure). There were no associations between 25-OH D3 levels at any time-point and the sputum bacillary elimination rate or final clinical outcome. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The presence and extent of VDD in Malawian TB patients was determined by environmental factors (sunlight exposure and dietary intake) rather than HIV status or ART. 25 OH D3 levels improved during therapy, suggesting that induction of Vitamin D metabolites by anti-TB drugs or ART is adequately compensated by improved Vitamin D uptake during disease recovery. VDD did not have prognostic implications for treatment response.
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Lung Adenocarcinomas with Discrepant EGFR Mutation Testing Results Derived from PCR-Direct Sequencing and Real-Time PCR-Based Assays
Authors: Chao-Hua Chiu, Hsiang-Ling Ho, Chi-Lu Chiang, Shiou-Fu Lin, Hsiu-Hsun Ma, Yu-Ting Chuang, Kun-Yang Lin, Chun-Ming Tsai, Teh-Ying Chou
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Arthur Richardson: dean of deans
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Up on the fourth floor of an administration building on the campus of Emory University School of Medicine, Arthur Pawley Richardson, MD, has his mind on many things. Ranging from alumni activities to zoology requirements, these are things that a medical school dean must master for survival. Richardson apparently has mastered them, because he has survived. In fact, he has held his position longer than any of the other present deans of the nation's 124 medical schools. "One has to recognize," he reminds a visitor, "that everything changes. You can't continue to do things the same way. Maybe that's why I've survived." Richardson's desk is clear and the door is wide open, as it has been for all of the 23 years that he has been dean. Through it passes a stream of visitors in clinical coats, business suits, and the casual garb of medical students. Somehow, Richardson makes each
Ontogeny stage-independent and high-level clonal expansion in vitro of mouse hematopoietic stem cells stimulated by an engineered NUP98-HOX fusion transcription factor
Authors: Sanja Sekulovic, Maura Gasparetto, Véronique Lecault, Corinne A. Hoesli, David G. Kent, Patty Rosten, Adrian Wan, Christy Brookes, Carl L. Hansen, James M. Piret, Clayton Smith, Connie J. Eaves, R. Keith Humphries
Journal: Blood (2011)
Acute hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of selective ETA receptor blockade in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Lukas E Spieker, Veselin Mitrovic, Georg Noll, Richard Pacher, Matthias R Schulze, Jörg Muntwyler, Christoph Schalcher, Wolfgang Kiowski, Thomas F Lüscher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Clinical Characteristics and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Findings in Stress (Takotsubo) Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ingo Eitel, Florian von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff, Peter Bernhardt, Iacopo Carbone, Kai Muellerleile, Annachiara Aldrovandi, Marco Francone, Steffen Desch, Matthias Gutberlet, Oliver Strohm, Gerhard Schuler, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Holger Thiele, Matthias G. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2011)

<h3>Context</h3>Stress cardiomyopathy (SC) is a transient form of acute heart failure triggered by stressful events and associated with a distinctive left ventricular (LV) contraction pattern. Various aspects of its clinical profile have been described in small single-center populations, but larger, multicenter data sets have been lacking so far. Furthermore, it remains difficult to quickly establish diagnosis on admission.<h3>Objectives</h3>To comprehensively define the clinical spectrum and evolution of SC in a large population, including tissue characterization data from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging; and to establish a set of CMR criteria suitable for diagnostic decision making in patients acutely presenting with suspected SC.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>Prospective study conducted at 7 tertiary care centers in Europe and North America between January 2005 and October 2010 among 256 patients with SC assessed at the time of presentation as well as 1 to 6 months after the acute event.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Complete recovery of LV dysfunction.<h3>Results</h3>Eighty-one percent of patients (n = 207) were postmenopausal women, 8% (n = 20) were younger women (aged ≤50 years), and 11% (n = 29) were men. A stressful trigger could be identified in 182 patients (71%). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging data (available for 239 patients [93%]) revealed 4 distinct patterns of regional ventricular ballooning: apical (n = 197 [82%]), biventricular (n = 81 [34%]), midventricular (n = 40 [17%]), and basal (n = 2 [1%]). Left ventricular ejection fraction was reduced (48% [SD, 11%]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 47%-50%) in all patients. Stress cardiomyopathy was accurately identified by CMR using specific criteria: a typical pattern of LV dysfunction, myocardial edema, absence of significant necrosis/fibrosis, and markers for myocardial inflammation. Follow-up CMR imaging showed complete normalization of LV ejection fraction (66% [SD, 7%]; 95% CI, 64%-68%) and inflammatory markers in the absence of significant fibrosis in all patients.<h3>Conclusions</h3>The clinical profile of SC is considerably broader than reported previously. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging at the time of initial clinical presentation may provide relevant functional and tissue information that might aid in the establishment of the diagnosis of SC.
Publication bias skewed results of anxiety drug treatment trials, study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Publication bias, outcome reporting bias, and spin led to an “overly positive representation” of results from trials of second generation antidepressants for treating anxiety disorders, a study in JAMA Psychiatry has found.1

In the trial Annelieke M Roest and colleagues, of University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands, studied the results of phase II and III double blind, placebo controlled clinical trials that were submitted for review by the US Food and Drug Administration in pursuit of marketing approval for second generation antidepressants for five anxiety disorders, comparing them with results that appeared in journal articles.

Nine drugs were evaluated in the trials: seven selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (paroxetine hydrochloride, paroxetine controlled release, sertraline hydrochloride, fluoxetine hydrochloride, fluvoxamine maleate, fluvoxamine CR, and escitalopram …
B6.C-H-2bm12. A new H-2 mutation in the I region in the mouse.
Authors: I F McKenzie, G M Morgan, M S Sandrin, M M Michaelides, R W Melvold, H I Kohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The B6.C-H-2bm12 mutant is described and evidence is presented for the mutational site occurring in the IA subregion. The mutant is of the gain and loss type as bm12 in equilibrium or formed from C57BL/6 grafts are rejected in 14-16 d. Mapping studies by the gene-complementation method using H-2 recombinant strains place the mutation in the K or IA regions of the H-2 complex and furthermore, the use of this test and the use of other H-2 mutants indicate that H-2Kb is not the site of the mutation, making the IA region the most likely site. Serological analysis with a battery of H-2b, Iab, and other Ia sera, both by cytotoxicity, rosetting, and also by absorption analysis, indicated no alteration in H-2 specificities, particularly in H-2.K33. By contrast, all of the Iab specificities coded for by the IA subregion (Ia.3, 8, 9, 15, and possibly 20) are extensively altered and are either absent or greatly reduced in amount indicating an extensive alteration in the Ia-bearing molecule. The bm12 mutant strongly stimulates the parental C57BL/6 strain in an mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and the reciprocal also occurs, the degree of stimulation being similar to that obtained with K + IA differences originating in another H-2 haplotype and points to the mutation effecting the Lad-1 locus. The presence of an extensive histocompatibility change, a marked alteration in the serologically detected Ia specificities, and a strong MLR, all produced by the one mutation, provides strong evidence for the identity of the Ia-1, Lad-1, and H-2(IA) loci in the IA subregion. The bm12 mutant should be of value in determining the relationship of Ia specificities, Ir genes, and other phenomena effected by the I region.
Abstract 84: The role of redox state in human breast cancer progression.
Authors: Tonia C. Jorgenson, Weixiong Zhong, Terry D. Oberley
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We are investigating the role of reduction-oxidation (redox) state in human breast cancer progression. Physiologic levels of oxidants and antioxidants within subcellular compartments regulate and coordinate normal cell functions. Cells in a state of redox imbalance undergo adaptation and/or altered behavior. We propose to investigate the thioredoxin 1 (TRX1) redox couple in human breast cancer progression. This molecule is known to interact with several molecules involved in breast carcinogenesis, including redox-sensitive transcription factors and estrogen receptor (ER) alpha. We hypothesize human breast cancer tissues are in a state of redox imbalance favoring a more reducing environment, and post-translational redox modifications involving TRX1, thioredoxin reductase 1 (TRXR1), and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) are involved. Preliminary data demonstrated redox imbalance in comparisons of breast cancers to surrounding tissues. TRX1 protein levels were 1.5-fold increased, while TRXR1 and TXNIP were 10-fold and 2.4-fold decreased, respectively. The redox state of TRX1 demonstrated a 4.7-fold increase in the reduced form versus the oxidized, and TRX1 activity was 2.1-fold increased. Our future plans involve analyzing redox-regulated protein subcellular distribution patterns of TRX1, TRXR1, TXNIP, and ER alpha utilizing immunohistochemistry in human breast cancer tissue microarrays varying in histological grade; determine protein levels of TRX1, TRXR1, and TXNIP, redox state of TRX1, and activities of TRX1 and TRXR1 in human breast cancer cell lines relative to normal primary epithelial cells in cell culture; and investigating the effects of modulating the extra- and intracellular redox state on cell invasion in hormone dependent/independent breast cancer cell lines. Citation Format: Tonia C. Jorgenson, Weixiong Zhong, Terry D. Oberley. The role of redox state in human breast cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 84. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-84
Doctors successfully screen embryos for gene mutation linked to early onset Alzheimer's
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A 30 year old woman with a genetic disorder linked to early onset of Alzheimer’s disease has become the first to successfully undergo in vitro fertilisation with preimplantation genetic diagnosis of the embryos to avoid passing the defect on to her children ( JAMA 2002;287:1018-21).

The report of this successful screening sparked concerns about eugenics and renewed the ethical debate about the propriety of using such technologies to screen out mutations that manifest in adulthood.

The woman, who is asymptomatic, is a geneticist. She carried a mutation in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. The mutation, which involves a single nucleotide substitution causes build-up of amyloid plaque in the brain and confers a nearly 100% probability that the carrier will manifest symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease by the age of 40.

The patient …
Alcohol Consumption and Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator
Authors: William E. M. Lands
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The article by Dr Ridker and colleagues 1 associates alcohol consumption with plasma levels of tissuetype plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen. An accompanying Editorial 2 illustrated the problem of complex situations and oversimplified interpretations. Weighing the benefits and risks of alcohol consumption is a serious issue for many Americans, and we should be careful that we do not amplify misunderstandings about underlying causes for the risks and benefits involved.  The article failed to note that because fibrinolytic activity is influenced by levels of both the activator (t-PA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1), information on t-PA alone has little utility. The article also failed to acknowledge many prior reports of elevated t-PA associated with alcoholic cirrhosis. There was no evidence of the fibrinolytic status of the subjects or the cardioprotective effect of a 25% difference in plasma t-PA. Finally, the claim on page 932 provided a challenge to all scientists