tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin in chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis.
Authors: A B Magil, R H Pichler, R J Johnson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (1997)

Increased expression of osteopontin (OPN) associated with interstitial monocyte infiltration has been demonstrated in the early phase of a variety of experimental renal diseases. Whether these changes occur in the chronic phase of progressive glomerular disease is unknown. Chronic puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) was induced in 16 rats by the injection of a single bolus of PA into the internal jugular vein, which results in a triphasic disease characterized by minimal glomerular change and marked proteinuria, peaking at about 10 to 14 d and subsiding by 28 d, followed by a quiescent 4-wk period of no or minimal proteinuria and then the development of progressive focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) and increasing proteinuria. Fifteen rats injected similarly with normal saline served as controls. At 11 d after injection, PA rats demonstrated significantly greater urinary protein excretion (P = 0.0107), cortical tubular OPN expression (P = 0.0086), and intraglomerular (P = 0.0009) and interstitial (P = 0.0212) monocyte infiltration than did the controls. At 42 d, no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the above parameters were detected. At 98 d, PA rats had FGS and showed a definite trend to increased proteinuria, cortical tubular OPN, and intraglomerular monocyte infiltration. Although the cortical interstitial monocyte count was not elevated in PA rats compared with controls, there were significantly more monocytes around OPN-positive cortical tubules than around OPN-negative ones (P = 0.0011). Cortical tubular OPN expression correlated well with urinary protein excretion (r = 0.932, P < 0.0001), cortical tubular proliferating cell nuclear antigen (r = 0.796, P < 0.0001), and intraglomerular monocyte count (r = 0.552, P = 0.0013). The results are consistent with a monocyte chemoattractant role for OPN and suggest that OPN is upregulated in the chronic phase of PAN and that this increase in expression is a result of glomerular events.
Paradoxes in studies of liver regeneration: Relevance of the parable of the blind men and the elephant
Authors: Lola M. Reid
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

1Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyProgram in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC *Address reprint requests to: Lola M. Reid, Ph.D., Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC. E‐mail: [email protected]; tel: +1‐919‐966‐4535
CELLULAR REACTIONS TO DEFATTED TUBERCLE BACILLI AND THEIR PRODUCTS
Authors: Florence R. Sabin, Austin L. Joyner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

The cellular reactions to defatted tubercle bacilli are complex and like those to heat-killed whole tubercle bacilli. The firmly bound lipid, when removed from these organisms, is non-acid-fast; it contains an hydroxy acid which is acid-fast and a polysaccharide, which is not. This hydroxy acid gives rise to foreign body giant cells and the tissues eventually become infiltrated with eosinophiles. The polysaccharides, both from the defatted bacilli and from the unfilterable lipid, call neutrophiles from the blood stream. The reactions to the unfilterable lipid include those of both its constituents.
Impaired Recognition of Facial Emotion in Mania
Authors: Anna Lembke, Terence A. Ketter
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Recognition of facial emotion was examined in manic subjects to explore whether aberrant interpersonal interactions are related to impaired perception of social cues. METHOD: Manic subjects with bipolar I disorder (N=8), euthymic subjects with bipolar I (N=8) or bipolar II (N=8) disorder, and healthy comparison subjects (N=10) matched pictures of faces to the words "fear," "disgust," "anger," "sadness," "surprise," and "happiness." RESULTS: The manic subjects showed worse overall recognition of facial emotion than all other groups. They showed worse recognition of fear and disgust than the healthy subjects. The euthymic bipolar II disorder subjects showed greater fear recognition than the manic and euthymic bipolar I disorder subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired perception of facial emotion may contribute to behaviors in mania. Impaired recognition of fear and disgust, with relatively preserved recognition of other basic emotions, contrasts with findings for depression and is consistent with a mood-congruent positive bias.
Use of a totally implantable system for venous access in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: R J Stead, T I Davidson, F R Duncan, M E Hodson, J C Batten
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major bronchopulmonary pathogen affecting adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis.'It is not susceptible to any oral antimicrobial agents generally available and is conventionally treated with intravenous chemotherapy.In patients requiring frequent or prolonged treatment, however, thrombophlebitis of periph- eral veins may necessitate central venous access.We report the use of an implantable means of venous access suitable for use in selected patients with cystic fibrosis.Methods
Renal Glycosphingolipid Metabolism Is Dysfunctional in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Tamara K. Nowling, Andrew R. Mather, Thirumagal Thiyagarajan, María José Hernández-Corbacho, Thomas W. Powers, E. Ellen Jones, Ashley J. Snider, Jim C. Oates, Richard R. Drake, Leah J. Siskind
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

Nearly one half of patients with lupus develop glomerulonephritis (GN), which often leads to renal failure. Although nephritis is diagnosed by the presence of proteinuria, the pathology of nephritis can fall into one of five classes defined by different forms of tissue injury, and the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis are not completely understood. Glycosphingolipids are abundant in the kidney, have roles in many cellular functions, and were shown to be involved in other renal diseases. Here, we show dysfunctional glycosphingolipid metabolism in patients with lupus nephritis and MRL/lpr lupus mice. Specifically, we found that glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and lactosylceramide (LacCer) levels are significantly higher in the kidneys of nephritic MRL/lpr lupus mice than the kidneys of non-nephritic lupus mice or healthy controls. This elevation may be, in part, caused by altered transcriptional regulation and/or activity of LacCer synthase (GalT5) and neuraminidase 1, enzymes that mediate glycosphingolipid metabolism. We show increased neuraminidase 1 activity early during the progression of nephritis (before significant elevation of GlcCer and LacCer in the kidney). Elevated levels of urinary LacCer were detected before proteinuria in lupus mice. Notably, LacCer levels were higher in the urine and kidneys of patients with lupus and nephritis than patients with lupus without nephritis or healthy controls. Together, these results show early and significant dysfunction of the glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway in the kidneys of lupus mice and patients with lupus nephritis and suggest that molecules in this pathway may serve as early markers in lupus nephritis.
Decrease of wild-type and precore mutant duck hepatitis B virus replication during lamivudine treatment in white Pekin ducks infected with the viruses
Authors: Teruyo Tomita, Osamu Yokosuka, Masami Tagawa, Hiromitsu Saisho, Shinobu Tamura, Ichiro Fukuda, Masao Omata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
The phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor vardenafil reduces oxidative stress while reversing pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: You-Fei Fan, Rui Zhang, Xin Jiang, Li Wen, Dan-Chen Wu, Dong Liu, Ping Yuan, Yu-Lin Wang, Zhi-Cheng Jing
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Previously, we demonstrated that vardenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, has potential as therapy for PAH, although the mechanism remained uncharacterized. Here, we aimed to determine baseline levels of oxidative stress in PAH and investigate whether vardenafil affects oxidative stress levels while improving PAH. Sprague–Dawley rats with monocrotaline-induced PAH were administered oral vardenafil 1 mg kg−1day−1 for 21 days (n = 12). Treatment-naive patients (n = 15) with PAH were treated with vardenafil 5 mg twice daily for 3 months. Haemodynamic data and plasma levels of nitrate/nitrite and products of oxidative damage were determined in rats and patients. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and assessments of oxidative/anti-oxidative enzyme expression were performed in rat lung tissue. Compared with baseline (patients) or untreated controls (rats), vardenafil significantly reduced pulmonary vascular resistance and increased cardiac output (CO). In rats, vardenafil suppressed proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, attenuating small pulmonary artery remodelling, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Vardenafil significantly reduced levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, such as 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α and 3-nitrotyrosine, and significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) levels in rats and patients. Furthermore, vardenafil significantly increased endothelial NO synthase expression and superoxide dismutase activity, and down-regulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase expression in rat lung tissue. Vardenafil reduces oxidative stress in rats and humans while improving PAH, warranting investigation of oxidative stress pathways as targets for PAH therapy.
Neuronally expressed stem cell factor induces neural stem cell migration to areas of brain injury
Authors: Lixin Sun, Jeongwu Lee, Howard A. Fine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) migration toward sites of damaged central nervous system (CNS) tissue may represent an adaptive response for the purpose of limiting and/or repairing damage. Little is known of the mechanisms responsible for this migratory response. We constructed a cDNA library of injured mouse forebrain using subtractive suppression hybridization (SSH) to identify genes that were selectively upregulated in the injured hemisphere. We demonstrate that stem cell factor (SCF) mRNA and protein are highly induced in neurons within the zone of injured brain. Additionally, the SCF receptor c-kit is expressed on NSPCs in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that recombinant SCF induces potent NSPC migration in vitro and in vivo through the activation of c-kit on NSPCs. These data suggest that the SCF/c-kit pathway is involved in the migration of NSPCs to sites of brain injury and that SCF may prove useful for inducing progenitor cell recruitment to specific areas of the CNS for cell-based therapeutic strategies.
Platelet activation leads to activation and propagation of the complement system
Authors: Ian del Conde, Miguel A. Crúz, Hui Zhang, José A. López, Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

Inflammation and thrombosis are two responses that are linked through a number of mechanisms, one of them being the complement system. Various proteins of the complement system interact specifically with platelets, which, in turn, activates them and promotes thrombosis. In this paper, we show that the converse is also true: activated platelets can activate the complement system. As assessed by flow cytometry and immunoblotting, C3 deposition increased on the platelet surface upon cell activation with different agonists. Activation of the complement system proceeded to its final stages, which was marked by the increased generation of the anaphylotoxin C3a and the C5b-9 complex. We identified P-selectin as a C3b-binding protein, and confirmed by surface plasmon resonance binding that these two proteins interact specifically with a dissociation constant of 1 microM. Using heterologous cells expressing P-selectin, we found that P-selectin alone is sufficient to activate the complement system, marked by increases in C3b deposition, C3a generation, and C5b-9 formation. In summary, we have found that platelets are capable of activating the complement system, and have identified P-selectin as a receptor for C3b capable of initiating complement activation. These findings point out an additional mechanism by which inflammation may localize to sites of vascular injury and thrombosis.
Induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha production by human hepatocytes in chronic viral hepatitis.
Authors: R González-Amaro, C García-Monzón, L García-Buey, R Moreno-Otero, J L Alonso, E Yagüe, J P Pivel, M López-Cabrera, E Fernández-Ruiz, F Sánchez-Madrid
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a multifunctional cytokine that has an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, cachexia, and septic shock. Although TNF-alpha is mainly produced by macrophages, there is evidence regarding TNF-alpha production by cells that are not derived from bone marrow. TNF-alpha production by normal and inflamed human liver was assessed at both mRNA and protein levels. Using a wide panel of novel anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibodies and a specific polyclonal antiserum, TNF-alpha immunoreactivity was found in hepatocytes from patients chronically infected with either hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus. Minimal TNF-alpha immunoreactivity was detected in the mononuclear cell infiltrate and Kupffer cells. In situ hybridization experiments using a TNF-alpha RNA probe showed a significant expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and some infiltrating mononuclear cells. By contrast, TNF-alpha was detected at low levels in liver biopsies from normal individuals or patients with alcoholic liver disease and low expression of TNF-alpha mRNA was observed in these specimens. Transfection of HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells with either HBV genome or HBV X gene resulted in induction of TNF-alpha expression. Our results demonstrate that viral infection induces, both in vivo and in vitro, TNF-alpha production in hepatocytes, and indicate that the HBV X protein may regulate the expression of this cytokine. These findings suggest that TNF-alpha may have an important role in human liver diseases induced by viruses.
Photoelastic Stress Analysis of Silastic Poppets in Prosthetic Heart Valves
Authors: HARVEY GREENFIELD, THOMAS HAMPTON, HAROLD GASCOIGNE, WILLEM KOLFF
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

Some prosthetic heart valves with Silastic ball poppets undergo degeneration and variance. The problem is avoided with metal poppets; however, their impact can damage the cloth coverings on the struts, resulting in distorted blood flow paths. Consequently, renewed interest in mild-cured Silastic poppets and inserts is developing. With photostress equipment, we analyzed two spherical poppet models to study poppet degeneration. The first analysis simulated the ring type of loading transmitted from the valve seat to the poppet, and the second analysis involved hydrostatic pressure loading and a detailed stress analysis to simulate cage confrontation. Results showed that regions of the poppet were susceptible to stress cycling with relatively large tensions below the upper surface but above the ring support. This same location could experience large compressive stress, depending on how the poppet was positioned during a seating stroke. Shear stresses near the valve support ring were at least four times the hydrostatic pressure load. Such subsurface stress cycling should play a role in the formation of internal fissures that surface and fracture the poppet.
Effects of Anterior Temporal Lobectomy Apart from the Relief of Seizures: A Study of 40 Patients
Authors: C E Polkey
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1983)

The effect of temporal lobectomy, apart from the relief of seizures, is described in 40 patients undergoing the operation and followed up for between 2 and 6 years. Changes in their intellectual performance and mental state are described, and the possible mechanisms of these changes are discussed.
The accuracy of EUS-FNA in assessing mediastinal lymphadenopathy and staging patients with NSCLC
Authors: G. Caddy, M. Conron, G. Wright, P. Desmond, D. Hart, R. Y. Chen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Optimal management of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depends on tissue diagnosis and accurate staging. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is minimally invasive and provides cytological confirmation of malignant mediastinal disease. The aim was to assess the accuracy of EUS-FNA in cases of enlarged mediastinal lymphadenopathy (LN) of unknown aetiology and in the staging of NSCLC. A total of 52 consecutive patients with stage I–IIIb NSCLC or enlarged mediastinal LN of unknown aetiology underwent EUS-FNA. Negative results were confirmed with a surgical procedure: mediastinoscopy, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) or lobectomy with systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection. In total, 34 patients had EUS-FNA performed for diagnosis, whilst the remaining 18 had EUS-FNA for staging. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy (95% confidence interval) were 93% (77–99), 100% (78–100), 100% (87–100), 88% (63–99) and 95% (84–99), respectively. When EUS-FNA was used in patients with NSCLC, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 92% (73–99), 100% (69–100), 100% (85–100), 83% (51–98) and 94% (80–99), respectively. For mediastinal LN of unknown aetiology, no malignant disease was missed. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is an accurate tool for assessing mediastinal lymph node involvement in nonsmall cell lung cancer and in the diagnosis of unexplained mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is a minimally invasive procedure that can be used as an adjunct or alternative to mediastinoscopy.
Prostaglandin release in canine acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis.
Authors: G Glazer, A Bennett
Journal: Gut (1976)

Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced in greyhound dogs by a bile salt/trypsin injection into the main pancreatic duct. Prostaglandin-like activity in the pancreatic venous blood, right atrial blood, and arterial blood was measured by bioassay. Activity rose significantly in the pancreatic venous blood of test dogs but not in controls. Chromatographic analysis of the peritoneal exudate from the dogs with pancreatitis showed high levels of prostaglandin E-like material (mean 43 ng/ml prostaglandin E2 equivalents). It seems likely that prostaglandins contribute to the induced pancreatitis.
Comparison of controlled-intermittent anal dilatation and lateral internal sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissures: A prospective, randomized study
Authors: Tayfun Yucel, Dogan Gonullu, Mahmut Oncu, Ferda Nihat Koksoy, Sibel Gurdal Ozkan, Omer Aycan
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2009)
Surgical and haemodynamic considerations in middle aortic syndrome.
Authors: S Gupta
Journal: Thorax (1979)

Eleven patients with the middle aortic syndrome have been investigated during the past five years. Corrective surgery was possible in seven, five of whom survived. The maximum constriction in most cases was at the thoracoabdominal junction, an area normally surrounded by intestinal lymphatics. This may indicate that the aetiology is related to an immune response to parasitic infestation of the intestines. Comparison of the extent and severity of the disease as found at operation with the results of preoperative investigations such as angiography, radioisotope renography, and measurement of angiotensin in the renal veins showed that in some patients surgical exploration was more accurate in deciding the feasibility and the method of surgical correction.
Adult Renal Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Like Cells Contribute to Juxtaglomerular Cell Recruitment
Authors: Hao Wang, Jose A. Gomez, Sabine Klein, Zhiping Zhang, Barbara Seidler, Yanqiang Yang, Jeffrey Schmeckpeper, Lunan Zhang, Garrett G. Muramoto, John Chute, Richard E. Pratt, Dieter Saur, Maria Mirotsou, Victor J. Dzau
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2013)

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates BP and salt-volume homeostasis. Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells synthesize and release renin, which is the first and rate-limiting step in the RAAS. Intense pathologic stresses cause a dramatic increase in the number of renin-producing cells in the kidney, termed JG cell recruitment, but how this occurs is not fully understood. Here, we isolated renal CD44(+) mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells and found that they differentiated into JG-like renin-expressing cells both in vitro and in vivo. Sodium depletion and captopril led to activation and differentiation of these cells into renin-expressing cells in the adult kidney. In summary, CD44(+) MSC-like cells exist in the adult kidney and can differentiate into JG-like renin-producing cells under conditions that promote JG cell recruitment.
Serum lysozyme levels in malignant histiocytosis of the intestine.
Authors: J R Hodges, P Isaacson, O E Eade, R Wright
Journal: Gut (1979)

Serum lysozyme levels were significantly raised in a group of eight patients with malabsorption associated with gastrointestinal lymphomas of a type recently characterised as malignant histiocytosis of the intestine. In four of the cases, levels were markedly raised. In contrast there was no significant difference between groups of patients with uncomplicated adult coeliac disease and healthy controls. The estimation of serum lysozyme is a simple test to perform and may be valuable in the diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis of the intestine, in particular differentiating it from uncomplicated adult coeliac disease.
ISOKINETIC STRENGTH AND RATIO OF PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN UAE
Authors: Mourad Ghrairi, Philippe Chomier, Maher Khelifa, Jean Marcel Ferret
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Numerous research studies examined muscles strength among professional football players worldwide. However, little or no research studies exist on this issue with relation to Arabian Gulf players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide reference data for peak isokinetic muscle strength and ratio of hamstring and quadriceps in professional Emirati footballers. The study was conducted within Alshabab Football Club (AFC) of Dubai, one of twelve clubs evolving then in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) professional football league. As part of AFC's 2011–2012 preseason program, 36 professional footballers underwent an isokinetic assessment. Peak Torque and Ratio of left and right thigh muscles, i.e. quadriceps and hamstrings, were assessed using a Cybex Norm machine following a standardized protocol at 3 different speeds, namely 60, 180, and 240°/s. The results for the right thigh showed that the maximum peak torque at the speed of 60°/sec was 195.77 N.m. for the quadriceps and 173.2 N.m for the Hamstring. For the left thigh, the values were 193.3 N.m for the quadriceps and 171.6 N.m for the hamstrings. As our main focus was to assess the balance of the thigh muscles, the recorded average ratio hamstrings/quadriceps was 95.6 for the right thigh and 94.4 for the left one. In comparison with the available literature in other professional football leagues, the obtained values indicate that the Emirati player is characterized with a lack of strength and thigh muscles imbalance. Data obtained in this study was used to educate players and football technicians on the need to rigorously strength train to reach the ideal muscle profile as observed in reputed professional football leagues. The obtained values were also used as a reference for the prevention and rehabilitation of muscle injuries.