tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Normalization of Acquired QT Prolongation in Humans by Intravenous Potassium
Authors: Anna Maria Choy, Chim C. Lang, Don M. Chomsky, Glenn H. Rayos, John R. Wilson, Dan M. Roden
Journal: Circulation (1997)

QT interval prolongation and dispersion have been implicated in serious arrhythmias in congestive heart failure (CHF) and the congenital and drug-induced long-QT syndromes (LQTS). In a subset of the congenital LQTS, infusion of potassium can correct QT abnormalities, consistent with in vitro increases in outward currents such as I(Kr) or I(Kl) when extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) is increased. Furthermore, increasing [K+]o decreases the potency of I(Kr)-blocking drugs in vitro. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that increasing [K+]o corrects QT abnormalities in CHF and in subjects treated with quinidine.KCl (maximum, 40 mEq) was infused into (1) 12 healthy subjects treated with quinidine sulfate (5 doses of 300 mg/5 h) or placebo and (2) 8 CHF patients and age-matched normal control subjects. Mean [K+] increased from 4 to 4.2 mEq/L to 4.7 to 5.2 mEq/L. Potassium infusion significantly reversed QTUc prolongation, especially in the precordial leads (quinidine, 590+/-79 to 479+/-35 [+/-SD] ms(1/2), P<.001; CHF, 521+/-110 to 431+/-47 ms(1/2), P<.05). There was no effect in either control group. Similarly, potassium decreased QTUc dispersion (quinidine, 210+/-62 to 130+/-75 ms(1/2), P<.01; CHF, 132+/-68 to 84+/-35 ms(1/2), P=.07) and was without effect in the control subjects. QT morphological abnormalities, including U waves and bifid T waves, were reversed by potassium.Potentially arrhythmogenic QT abnormalities during quinidine treatment and in CHF can be nearly normalized by modest elevation of serum potassium.
Pharmacology and gastrointestinal safety of lumiracoxib, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor: an integrated study
Authors: Clare Atherton, John Jones, Brian McKaig, James Bebb, Rob Cunliffe, Jake Burdsall, Joanne Brough, Diane Stevenson, Johanne Bonner, Christiane Rordorf, Graham Scott, Janice Branson, Christopher J Hawkey
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2004)
Papillary Cancer in a Patient Treated with Radioiodine for Graves?? Hyperthyroidism Case Report and a Review of the Risk
Authors: CHRISTOPHER TOMLINSON, KENT W. NOWLES, I ROSS McDOUGALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A small encapsulated papillary thyroid cancer was found in a patient who had received 1–131 therapy for Graves' disease 31 months previously. The relationship of Graves' hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer is discussed, as well as the possible role of 1–131 as a cause of the cancer. The published data do not support 1–131 as an etiology. The patient is clinically well and cured of both hyperthyroidism and the cancer.
Registry for Sarcoid Heart Disease
Authors: Evlin L. Kinney
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We herein propose to establish a national registry for sarcoid heart disease. Sarcoidosis is, of course, not an uncommon disease. It has been estimated to occur in one to four per 10,000 young adults,<sup>1</sup>and it was found in 24 of 10,000 autopsies in Japan.<sup>2</sup>Cardiac sarcoidosis is an illness occurring preponderantly in young adults, and its prognosis is thought to be grave. Its manifestations include conduction disturbances, paroxysmal arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure. Because overt sarcoid heart disease is rare, its response to corticosteroids remains anecdotal and speculative. Thus, a national sarcoid heart disease registry is needed to assess the magnitude of the problem, to determine the response of these patients to corticosteroids or other forms of treatment, and to offer, via the referring physician, other modalities of treatment, as they become available. Additionally, to further in vitro research on sarcoid heart disease, it
Stenting for acute myocardial infarction: The early United States multicenter experience
Authors: Steven R. Steinhubl, David J. Moliterno, Paul S. Teirstein, Eminia M. Guameri, Frank V. Aguirre, James J. Ferguson, Emerson C. Perin, Neil Strickman, Dean Kerelakes, James E. Tcheng, Steven G. Ellis, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Natural killer T cells in adipose tissue prevent insulin resistance
Authors: Henk S. Schipper, Maryam Rakhshandehroo, Stan F.J. van de Graaf, Koen Venken, Arjen Koppen, Rinke Stienstra, Serge Prop, Jenny Meerding, Nicole Hamers, Gurdyal Besra, Louis Boon, Edward E.S. Nieuwenhuis, Dirk Elewaut, Berent Prakken, Sander Kersten, Marianne Boes, Eric Kalkhoven
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Lipid overload and adipocyte dysfunction are key to the development of insulin resistance and can be induced by a high-fat diet. CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have been proposed as mediators between lipid overload and insulin resistance, but recent studies found decreased iNKT cell numbers and marginal effects of iNKT cell depletion on insulin resistance under high-fat diet conditions. Here, we focused on the role of iNKT cells under normal conditions. We showed that iNKT cell-deficient mice on a low-fat diet, considered a normal diet for mice, displayed a distinctive insulin resistance phenotype without overt adipose tissue inflammation. Insulin resistance was characterized by adipocyte dysfunction, including adipocyte hypertrophy, increased leptin, and decreased adiponectin levels. The lack of liver abnormalities in CD1d-null mice together with the enrichment of CD1d-restricted iNKT cells in both mouse and human adipose tissue indicated a specific role for adipose tissue-resident iNKT cells in the development of insulin resistance. Strikingly, iNKT cell function was directly modulated by adipocytes, which acted as lipid antigen-presenting cells in a CD1d-mediated fashion. Based on these findings, we propose that, especially under low-fat diet conditions, adipose tissue-resident iNKT cells maintain healthy adipose tissue through direct interplay with adipocytes and prevent insulin resistance.
Human Cardiac Stem Cells
Authors: Annarosa Leri
Journal: Circulation (2009)

T he view of the heart as a static organ implies that myocyte death and formation play a negligible role in cardiac homeostasis.Although stem cells have been unexpectedly identified in several organs, including the brain, kidney, lung, and skeletal muscle, the search for a cardiac stem cell (CSC) has been perceived as a futile effort, given the acknowledged lack of regenerative potential of the myocardium.Nevertheless, in the past several years, the demonstration of myocyte renewal in the normal and diseased heart has revealed a new, dynamic, and lively picture of this organ.Components of the cell cycle machinery and markers of cell replication have been detected in cardiomyocytes.The demonstration that karyokinesis and cytokinesis involve cells expressing contractile proteins has provided evidence that cardiomyocyte division occurs in the adult heart. 1 More recently, pulse-chase assays with thymidine analogs, 2 lineage tracing protocols, 3 and 14 C birth dating of cells 4 have shown the existence of myocyte turnover, a process that has been found to differ in magnitude according to the methods used for its documentation and quantification.
THE DIETETIC TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF ITS HAEMATOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY
Authors: J. J. Galbraith
Journal: BMJ (1903)

wiith the dust from infected houses, he was able at the end of a very large number of experiments.to demonstrate the presence of the tubercle bacilli in all houses where phthisis was known to have been present.His paper shouid be read by every medical man, and his conclusions acted upon.Dr. Crocker (M.O.H. Richmond) in his report for I9OI, suggests, among other measures for preventing the spread of phthisis in this town, the notification of the di$ease.I think the brief notes I have read,show the value of.such notifica- tion, especially if followed by proper disinfection of the rooms or house by the sanitary authorities.Were such tnmasures made compulsory, the present high rate of mor- tality from phthisis in Richmond would, I believe, be promjptly lesEened.__
Environmental and Heritable Factors in the Causation of Cancer — Analyses of Cohorts of Twins from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland
Authors: Paul Lichtenstein, Niels V. Holm, Pia K. Verkasalo, Anastasia Iliadou, Jaakko Kaprio, Markku Koskenvuo, Eero Pukkala, Axel Skytthe, Kari Hemminki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The contribution of hereditary factors to the causation of sporadic cancer is unclear. Studies of twins make it possible to estimate the overall contribution of inherited genes to the development of malignant diseases.
Migraine, vascular risk, and cardiovascular events in women: prospective cohort study
Authors: T. Kurth, M. Schurks, G. Logroscino, J M. Gaziano, J. E Buring
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objectives</b> To evaluate whether the association between migraine with aura and increased risk of cardiovascular disease is modified by vascular risk groups as measured by the Framingham risk score for coronary heart disease. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Women’s health study, United States. <b>Participants</b> 27 519 women who were free from cardiovascular disease at baseline with available information on the Framingham risk score and migraine status. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Time to major cardiovascular disease event (non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal ischaemic stroke, death from ischaemic cardiovascular disease), myocardial infarction, and ischaemic stroke. <b>Results</b> At baseline, 3577 (13.0%) women reported active migraine, of whom 1418 (39.6%) reported migraine with aura. During 11.9 years of follow-up, there were 697 cardiovascular disease events. We stratified participants based on 10 year risk of coronary heart disease estimated from the Framingham risk score (≤1%, 2-4%, 5-9%, and ≥10%). Compared with women without migraine, the age adjusted hazard ratios in women with active migraine with aura were 1.93 (95% confidence interval 1.45 to 2.56) for major cardiovascular disease, 1.80 (1.16 to 2.79) for ischaemic stroke, and 1.94 (1.27 to 2.95) for myocardial infarction. When stratified by Framingham risk score, the association between migraine with aura and major cardiovascular disease was strongest in the lowest risk score group. There was a diametric association pattern for ischaemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Compared with women without migraine, the age adjusted hazard ratios in women who reported migraine with aura in the lowest Framingham risk score group were 3.88 (1.87 to 8.08) for ischaemic stroke and 1.29 (0.40 to 4.21) for myocardial infarction. Hazard ratios in women with migraine with aura in the highest Framingham risk score group were 1.00 (0.24 to 4.14) for ischaemic stroke and 3.34 (1.50 to 7.46) for myocardial infarction. Women with migraine without aura were not at increased risk of ischaemic stroke or myocardial infarction in any of the Framingham risk score groups. <b>Conclusion</b> The association between migraine with aura and cardiovascular disease varies by vascular risk status. Information on history of migraine and vascular risk status might help to identify women at increased risk for specific future cardiovascular disease events. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical trials NCT00000479.
Comparative study of gonococcal arthritis and Reiter's syndrome.
Authors: E R Hurd, J Johns, A Chubick
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Differentiation between Reiter's syndrome (RS) and gonococcal arthritis may be difficult, since both conditions are characterised by arthritis and urethritis.Holmes and coworkers156 noted that 13 out of 23 patients who later developed RS were initially thought to have gonococcal arthritis, and both diseases are by no means virtually exclusive.Patients with culture-positive gonococcal urethritis sometimes go on suffering from an aseptic peripheral arthritis unresponsive to antiboitics.Many of them are then found to be HLA-B27 positive and then respond well* to anti-inflammatory drugs, suggesting a diagnosis of RS.While these diseases may occa- sionally be confused, differences in the skin lesions, the clinical course, and the presence of non-gonococcal conjunctivitis usually differentiate them eventually. Comparison of clinical featuresWe have recently compared the clinical features of 123 patients with gonococcal arthritis with those of 12 patients with RS.These patients were hospitalised in Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas, over the five years (Tables 1,2, 3). Patiens with gonococcal arthritis tended to be younger (mean age 23) than patients with RS (mean age 31).In the gonococcal arthritis group 65 % were females; the RS group consisted entirely of males.Interest- ingly 69% of the gonococcal arthritis group was black; most of the RS group were white.It is also interesting that all the white patients with RS were positive for HLA-B27 while the two black patients tested were B27-negative.Patients with gonococcal arthritis were admitted quickly.The mean duration of their symptoms before admission was only 6-3 days as against a median of 28 days in patients with RS.One RS patient had a chronic intermittent course of 18 years.The incidence of migratory polyarthralgias was higher in the gonococcal arthritis group and there was a slightly higher incidence of fever in *This is not everybody's experience-Editor.
How to Run an Endoscopy Unit? Experience in the Federal Republic of Germany Results of a Survey of 31 Centers
Authors: E. Seifert, J. Weismüller
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

A survey of 31 German hospitals (14 university hospitals with a special gastrointestinal service, 13 key hospitals with specialized GI units, mainly university teaching hospitals, and 4 smaller hospitals without specialization) showed that a service providing the usual gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures is available in all university and key hospitals. In the university hospitals, an average of 4,765 procedures per year are performed, in the key hospitals with specialized GI units 5,558, and in the smaller hospitals without specialization 2,935. Such special methods as ERCP, PTC and operative endoscopy are usually restricted to special clinics. The number of doctors and nursing staff is adequate at university hospitals and in specialized key hospitals. Smaller hospitals without specialization need more nursing staff. All hospitals need more rooms. The supply of instruments is sufficient at university and key hospitals, but more instruments are needed in general non-specialized hospitals. German endoscopic units are relatively well equipped with X-ray machines, but further X-ray equipment is still needed to achieve less dependence on centralized radiological departments. There is a distinct need for more waiting and recovery rooms. At the present time, there is no optimal endoscopic unit in Germany. Better and appropriate outfitting of the units, and an optimized floor-plan encompassing endoscopy rooms, rooms for preparation and after-care are needed--which is not practical in the case of existing hospitals, but must be considered when planning new hospitals.
Needlestick injuries in hospital staff.
Authors: H A Waldron
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Ghana between 1963 and 1965, but apart from a short visit to Lusaka, Zambia, in 1978 had not returned to Africa since.Her ex-husband had lived only in Ghana, Britain, and latterly Zambia (from 1975).In 1978 he returned from Lusaka, after which his wife developed gonorrhoea.Immune deficiency has been described in the female sexual partners of patients with AIDS.5 Further, it has been suggested that the agent causing AIDS, currently believed to be HTLV-III, may exist in a stable equilibrium in an African environment but alters its ex- pression in a new population.3The most likely explanation for the development of AIDS in this patient is that she was infected with HTLV-III through sexual intercouse with her ex-husband by 1979.It must be assumed that the husband is an asymptomatic carrier and himself contracted HTLV-III infection in Zambia, where there is evidence of an AIDS like epidemic.6This case illustrates the need for clinicians to consider the diagnosis of AIDS in all patients, even if they do not obviously fall into the most common risk groups.We believe it supports the hypothesis that AIDS may have its origins in central Africa.Furthermore, it indicates the need for a full travel history in both patient and sexual partners as well as a full sexual history in the evaluation of patients who might have AIDS.
Time trends in survival and readmission following coronary artery bypass grafting in Scotland, 1981-96: retrospective observational study
Authors: Jill P. Pell, K. MacIntyre, D. Walsh, S. Capewell, J. J.V. McMurray, J. W.T. Chalmers, J. H. Boyd, A. R. Finlayson, S. Stewart, A. D. Redpath
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Improvements in coronary revascularisation techniques and an increase in the use of percutaneous interventions1 have led to a rise in the number of coronary artery bypass grafting operations in older patients with more severe cardiac disease and worse comorbidity and who have previously undergone revascularisation procedures. 2 3 Advances in surgical and anaesthetic techniques have prevented a worsening risk profile from being translated into an increase in perioperative deaths. 2 3 The aim of our study was to examine time trends in major outcomes up to two years after coronary artery bypass grafting.

We used the Scottish morbidity record (SMR1) system to identify all operations for coronary artery bypass grafting performed in Scottish NHS hospitals from 1981 to 1996. We excluded operations that included other procedures. Information was obtained on age, sex, urgency of the operation, and Carstairs …
Dose-Dense Temozolomide (TMZ) in Patients with Advanced Chemorefractory Colorectal Cancer (CRC) and Mgmt Promoter Methylation
Authors: Pietrantonio Filippo, de Braud Filippo, Maggi Claudia, Milione Massimo, Iacovelli Roberto, Castano Alessandra, Perrone Federica, Bossi Ilaria, Ricchini Francesca, Pusceddu Sara, Leone Giorgia, Dominoni Francesca, Saibene Gabriella, Di Bartolomeo Maria
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Measuring performance or balancing the budget
Authors: J. P Wattis
Journal: BMJ (1987)

inner city multiracial environment we are familiar with the difficulties caused by hidden prejudices.Though prejudice towards women in medicine may come from within the medical profession, patients may also be reluctant to consult women doctors, giving rise to another, hidden, difficulty for women doctors.We examined this possibility in a survey of 100 consecutive patients attending a rheumatology outpatient clinic in Hackney.We used a structured questionnaire to determine whether patients wanted to see male/female, old/young, or senior/ junior doctors.for their rheumatology consultation.The table summarises the results.Type of doctor preferred by 100 patients attending a rheumatology clinic Characteristics ofdoctor Preferences
THE DESPERATE RISK GOITER
Authors: MARTIN B. TINKER
Journal: JAMA (1922)

During the last few years the treatment of the average case of goiter has been quite satisfactorily standardized as the result of the management of many thousands of cases, mostly in the hands of relatively few surgeons. However, every one interested in these cases, no matter how experienced he may be, occasionally faces conditions involving the thyroid alone, or complicated with other pathologic conditions, which are of sufficient gravity to tax his judgment to the utmost. A too high mortality, even in desperate risk cases, brings discredit on surgery and influences many, who might safely obtain relief, not to have a timely operation. On the other hand, careful study and elimination of some cases, with greater experience and improvement in methods of dealing with these cases, has made it possible each year to extend the range of operability to other cases which at first sight were apparently regarded as hopeless.
Low-Dose Aspirin to Prevent Pregnancy-Induced Hypertensive Disease
Authors: Franz Rosa
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —"A Meta-analysis of Low-Dose Aspirin for Prevention of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertensive Disease," by Imperiale and Petrulis,<sup>1</sup>and "A Multivariate Analysis of Risk Factors for Preeclampsia," by Eskenazi et al,<sup>2</sup>add to the growing knowledge<sup>3,4</sup>of the potential to improve pregnancy outcome with daily low-dose aspirin starting in the second trimester. The meta-analysis combines studies for preventing pregnancy-induced hypertension with those for preventing recurrent fetal growth retardation. An additional recent study by Uzan et al<sup>5</sup>provides more extensive data supporting prevention of fetal growth retardation with aspirin. Thus, thromboxane-induced placental insufficiency does not appear to be limited to pregnancies with hypertension. The published data suggest that pregnancy risk groups to be considered for low-dose aspirin include (1) primiparae, especially those who are black, and (2) women with (<i>a</i>) previous pre-eclampsia, (<i>b</i>) a history of previous fetal growth retardation not explained by other causes, and (<i>c</i>
Inhibition of Histone Deacetylation: A Strategy for Tumor Radiosensitization
Authors: Kevin Camphausen, Philip J. Tofilon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Recently, strategies to enhance tumor radiosensitivity have begun to focus on targeting the molecules and processes that regulate cellular radioresponse. A molecular target that has begun to receive considerable attention is histone acetylation. Histone acetylation is determined by the dynamic interaction of two families of enzymes: histone acetylases and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Histone acetylation plays a role in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression-two parameters that have long been considered determinants of radioresponse. As a means of modifying histone acetylation status, considerable effort has been put into the development of inhibitors of HDAC activity. This has led to the generation of a relatively large number of structurally diverse compounds that can inhibit HDAC activity resulting in histone hyperacetylation. Many of the newer HDAC inhibitor compounds have been designed with better bioavailability or pharmacology than the first-generation compounds. Whereas a number of these second-generation HDAC inhibitors have antitumor activity in preclinical cancer models when delivered as single agents, early clinical data demonstrate only cytostasis when used as monotherapy. However, recent preclinical studies have indicated that HDAC inhibitors from structurally diverse classes can enhance both the in vitro and in vivo radiosensitivity of human tumor cell lines generated from a spectrum of solid tumors. HDAC inhibitors are in clinical trials as single modalities, in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, and recently, in combination with radiotherapy.
Oxygen Therapy for Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: T. C. Northfield
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The rate of absorption of gas from a pneumothorax was studied in 12 patients breathing air and in 10 patients breathing air and a high concentration of oxygen alternately. The mean rate of absorption while breathing air was the same in both groups of patients. In the second group the rate consistently increased during periods of oxygen therapy and decreased again on breathing air. The mean rate of absorption increased fourfold during periods of oxygen therapy. This increase was most pronounced in patients with a large pneumothorax.
Outcomes of Octogenarian (≥80 YO) Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): a Single Institution Experience from the Christie Hospital
Authors: M. Howell, J. Chiramel, N. Flaum, A. Lewis, Y. Summers, P. Taylor, A. Chittalia, H. Sheikh, F.H. Blackhall
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)